of the welcome he met, and the hospitality he experienced during his
stay upon the coast.

"Captain Wilkes was far too sensible and discriminating a man, not to
see, plainly enough, whose game Dr. M'Loughlin was playing. But there is
something strange, if we turn from the perusal of Captain Wilkes'
narrative, and the description of the facilities which were ever
afforded him, to the following passage from Sir Edward Belcher's voyage:

"The difference of the reception which a frigate of the United States
Navy met with, from that which one of Her Majesty's ships experienced,
is a most suspicious fact, as suggesting the animus of the Company's
agents upon the north-west coast. Sir Edward Belcher says: 'The
attention of the Chief to myself, and those immediately about me,
particularly in sending down fresh supplies, previous to my arrival, I
feel fully grateful for; but I cannot conceal my disappointment at the
want of accommodation exhibited towards the crews of the vessels under
my command, in a British possession.'

"We certainly were not distressed, nor was it imperatively necessary
that fresh beef and vegetables should be supplied, or I should have made
a formal demand. But as regarded those who might come after, and not
improbably myself among the number, I inquired in direct terms what
facilities Her Majesty's ships of war might expect, in the event of
touching at this port for bullocks, flour, vegetables, &c. I certainly
was extremely surprised at the reply, that 'they were not in a condition
to supply.'... The American policy of the Hudson's Bay Company would
seem from the above facts, to be more than a matter of suspicion.

"It is very easy to say, these are idle tales; they are tales--but such
tales, that Parliament ought to make a searching investigation into
their truth.... It is certain that Dr. McLoughlin has now left the
Hudson's Bay Company, and has become _nominally_, what he seems to have
been for years, _really_--an _American citizen_, living in the midst of
an American population, which he collected around him, upon soil, to
which he knew that his own country had, all along, laid claim."

Sir Edward Belcher's exploring expedition was at Fort Vancouver in
August, 1839. He insisted that the crews of his vessels should be
supplied with fresh beef. Dr. McLoughlin was not then at Fort Vancouver.
Probably he had not returned from his trip to England in 1838-9. Mr.
Douglas, who was in charge, refused Belcher's request because the supply
of cattle was not sufficient for that purpose. Fresh beef was supplied
to Sir Edward Belcher and his officers.

Commodore Wilkes and his exploring expedition were on the Oregon Coast
in 1841. He did not ask for his crews to be supplied with provisions. He
was grateful for the kind treatment of himself, his officers and men, by
Dr. McLoughlin and other officers of the Hudson's Bay Company. Sir
Edward Belcher, it seems, was not grateful.[70]

In relation to the Red River immigrants, who arrived in 1841, the
statement of Fitzgerald is mostly untrue. These settlers came to Oregon
in 1841 under the auspices of the Hudson's Bay Company and settled on
Nisqually Plains, near Puget Sound. These plains are almost sterile,
being an enormous bed of very fine gravel mixed with some soil at the
surface. It is easy to understand how these settlers were disappointed
in living by themselves on the Nisqually Plains, when they could come to
the Willamette Valley with its fertile soil and be near the settlers in
the Willamette Valley. It must be borne in mind that when these Red
River settlers went to the Willamette Valley, they were practically as
much dependent on the Hudson's Bay Company and Dr. McLoughlin, as though
they had stayed on the Nisqually Plains.

Rev. Daniel Lee and Rev. J. H. Frost wrote a book entitled "Ten Years in
Oregon," which was printed in New York in 1844. On page 216 of that work
they say of these settlers from Red River: "They went to Nesqually, on
Pugit's Sound; but, after spending a year, it was found that the land
was of a very inferior quality, and that they could not subsist upon it.
Thus, after having subjected themselves to many hardships, and
privations, and losses, for almost two years, they had yet to remove to
the Walamet Valley, as promising to remunerate them for their future
toil, and make them forget the past. Accordingly most of them removed
and settled in the Walamet in 1841-2."

  DOCUMENT R

  _Note on authorship of "History of Oregon" in Bancroft's Works; and
  sources of information for this monograph._

Hubert Howe Bancroft obtained a fine collection of books and pamphlets
relating to early Oregon and a great deal of other information before
the "History of Oregon," in his Works, was written. A great many Oregon
pioneers were personally interviewed and their statements reduced to
writing. He also borrowed, on a promise to return, a great many private
papers and other documents, including letters and copies of letters from
the heirs of Dr. McLoughlin and from other Oregon pioneers and heirs of
pioneers, which he has not yet returned, although he borrowed these
papers and documents more than twenty years ago. Said "History of
Oregon" is largely supplemented by foot-notes taken from this
information obtained, or caused to be obtained by Bancroft. The defense
of Dr. McLoughlin to the report of Capt. Warre and Lieut. Vavasour, was
afterwards returned to Dr. McLoughlin by James Douglas, to whom it was
sent by Sir George Simpson. It was among the papers loaned to Bancroft.

While Bancroft was a handy man in collecting materials, he wisely
employed Frances Fuller Victor, Oregon's best and greatest historian, to
write the "History of Oregon" for his Works. It was largely, if not
wholly, written by her. This applies particularly to that part of the
history up to and including the year 1850. For years she had been a
careful student of Oregon history. She had access to all the data
collected by Bancroft.

In 1871 Mrs. Victor published "The River of the West" which sets forth
many of the facts about Dr. McLoughlin, his land claim, and the actions
of the missionaries and the conspirators against him, which are
contained in this address and in the "History of Oregon" in Bancroft's
Works. Volume one of the latter history was published in 1886, and
volume two was published in 1888.

In writing this monograph on Dr. McLoughlin I have found _The River of
the West_ and Bancroft's _History of Oregon_ of some use, especially
where the information was taken from the documents so borrowed by
Bancroft. But I have obtained most of my facts from original sources.
Wherever it was possible I have consulted Oregon newspapers and books
and pamphlets written by persons who took part in the events described,
or which were written contemporaneous therewith, and letters written by
pioneers.

The Oregon Historical Society has a number of original letters, files of
early Oregon newspapers, and other documents relating to events in early
Oregon. Many of these I have examined and taken copies of. In this I
have been greatly aided by Mr. George H. Himes, for years the efficient
Assistant Secretary of the Oregon Historical Society, and Secretary of
the Oregon Pioneer Association. I have also obtained copies from two
issues of the _Oregon Spectator_ in the possession of the University of
Oregon, through the courtesy of Prof. Frederic G. Young.

  DOCUMENT S

  _Excerpts from opinions of contemporaries of Dr. McLoughlin._

In addition to opinions of Dr. McLoughlin set forth in the address, I
here set forth excerpts from other opinions, given by some of his
contemporaries. I have selected these out of many high opinions and
eulogies upon Dr. McLoughlin.

Judge Matthew P. Deady, in an address before the Oregon Pioneer
Association, in 1876, said:[71] "Dr. John McLoughlin was Chief Factor of
the Company [Hudson's Bay Company] west of the Rocky mountains, from
1824 to 1845, when he resigned the position and settled at Oregon City,
where he died in 1857, full of years and honor.... Although, as an
officer of the Company, his duty and interest required that he should
prefer it to the American immigrant or missionary, yet at the call of
humanity, he always forgot all special interests, and was ever ready to
help and succor the needy and unfortunate of whatever creed or clime.

"Had he but turned his back upon the early missionary or settler and
left them to shift for themselves, the occupation of the country by
Americans would have been seriously retarded, and attended with much
greater hardship and suffering than it was. For at least a quarter of a
century McLoughlin was a grand and potent figure in the affairs of the
Pacific slope.... But he has long since gone to his rest. Peace to his
ashes! Yet the good deeds done in the body are a lasting monument to his
memory, and shall in due time cause his name to be written in letters of
gold in Oregon history."

Governor Peter H. Burnett, from whose "Recollections and Opinions of An
Old Pioneer," I have already quoted, also said in that book (pp. 143,
144): "Dr. John McLoughlin was one of the greatest and most noble
philanthropists I ever knew. He was a man of superior ability, just in
all his dealings, and a faithful Christian. I never knew a man of the
world who was more admirable. I never heard him utter a vicious
sentiment, or applaud a wrongful act. His views and acts were formed
upon the model of the Christian gentleman. He was a superior business
man, and a profound judge of human nature.... In his position of Chief
Factor of the Hudson's Bay Company he had grievous responsibilities
imposed upon him. He stood between the absent directors and stockholders
of the Company and the present suffering immigrants. He witnessed their
sufferings; they did not. He was unjustly blamed by many of both
parties. It was not the business of the Company to deal upon credit; and
the manager of its affairs in Oregon was suddenly thrown into a new and
very embarrassing position. How to act, so as to secure the approbation
of the directors and stockholders in England, and at the same time not
to disregard the most urgent calls of humanity, was indeed the great
difficulty. No possible line of conduct could have escaped censure.

"To be placed in such a position was a misfortune which only a good man
could bear in patience. I was assured by Mr. Frank Ermatinger, the
manager of the Company's store at Oregon City, as well as by others,
that Dr. McLoughlin had sustained a heavy individual loss by his charity
to the immigrants. I knew enough myself to be certain that these
statements were substantially true. Yet such was the humility of the
Doctor that he never, to my knowledge, mentioned or alluded to any
particular act of charity performed by him. I was intimate with him, and
he never mentioned them to me."

Col. J. W. Nesmith,[72] from whose address in 1876 I have already
quoted, in that address also said:[73] "Dr. John McLoughlin was a public
benefactor, and the time will come when the people of Oregon will do
themselves credit by erecting a statue to his memory.... Thus far
detraction and abuse have been his principal rewards."

Hon. Willard H. Rees, a pioneer of 1844, in his address before the
Oregon Pioneer Association, in 1879, said:[74] "Dr. McLoughlin, as
director of the affairs of the Hudson's Bay Company west of the Rocky
mountains, had more power over the Indians of the whole Northwest Coast,
which he judiciously exercised, than all other influences multiplied and
combined. He was a great and just man, having in no instance deceived
them, firm in maintaining the established rules regulating their
intercourse, making their supplies, so far as the Company was concerned,
strictly depend upon their own efforts and good conduct, always prompt
to redress the slightest infraction of good faith. This sound
undeviating policy made Dr. McLoughlin the most humane and successful
manager of the native tribes this country has ever known, while the
Indians both feared and respected him above all other men.... Dr.
McLoughlin was no ordinary personage. Nature had written in her most
legible hand preeminence in every lineament of his strong Scotch face,
combining in a marked degree all the native dignity of an intellectual
giant. He stood among his pioneer contemporaries like towering old
[Mount] Hood amid the evergreen heights that surround his mountain
home--a born leader of men. He would have achieved distinction in any of
the higher pursuits of life.... His benevolent work was confined to no
church, sect nor race of men, but was as broad as suffering humanity,
never refusing to feed the hungry, clothe the naked, and provide for the
sick and toilworn immigrants and needy settlers who called for
assistance at his old Vancouver home. Many were the pioneer mothers and
their little ones, whose hearts were made glad through his timely
assistance, while destitute strangers, whom chance or misfortune had
thrown upon these, then, wild inhospitable shores, were not permitted to
suffer while he had power to relieve. Yet he was persecuted by men
claiming the knowledge of a Christian experience, defamed by designing
politicians, knowingly misrepresented in Washington as a British
intriguer, until he was unjustly deprived of the greater part of his
land claim. Thus, after a sorrowful experience of man's ingratitude to
man, he died an honored American citizen."

J. Quinn Thornton was one of the early Oregon pioneers. He came to
Oregon with the immigration of 1846. At the meeting of the Oregon
Pioneer Association in 1875, he furnished to that Association a history
of the Provisional Government of Oregon. In this history, speaking of
Dr. John McLoughlin, Thornton said:[75] "The late Dr. John McLoughlin
resided at Fort Vancouver, and he was Chief Factor of the Hudson's Bay
Company west of the Rocky Mountains. He was a great man, upon whom God
had stamped a grandeur of character which few men possess and a nobility
which the patent of no earthly sovereign can confer.... As a Christian,
he was a devout Roman Catholic, yet, nevertheless, catholic in the
largest sense of that word.... He was a man of great goodness of heart,
too wise to do a really foolish thing, too noble and magnanimous to
condescend to meanness, and too forgiving to cherish resentments. The
writer, during the last years of Dr. McLoughlin's life, being his
professional adviser, had an opportunity such as no other man had, save
his confessor, of learning and studying him; and as a result of the
impressions, which daily intercourse of either a social or business
nature made upon the writer's mind, he hesitates not to say, that old,
white-headed John McLoughlin, when compared with other persons who have
figured in the early history of Oregon, is in sublimity of character, a
Mount Hood towering above the foot hills into the regions of eternal
snow and sunshine."

Col. J. K. Kelly was Lieutenant-Colonel of the First Regiment of Oregon
Mounted Volunteers in the Yakima Indian War of 1855. He was afterwards a
United States Senator from Oregon, and Chief Justice of the Oregon State
Supreme Court. In his address to the Oregon Pioneer Association in 1882,
speaking of Dr. McLoughlin, Col. Kelly said:[76] "Just and generous as
that law [Oregon Donation Land Law] was to the people of Oregon, yet
there was one blot upon it. I refer to the provisions contained in the
11th section of the act by which the donation claim of Dr. John
McLoughlin, known as the Oregon City claim, was taken from him and
placed at the disposal of the Legislative Assembly to be sold and the
proceeds applied to the endowment of an university. It was an act of
injustice to one of the best friends and greatest benefactors which the
early immigrants ever had. I do not propose to speak of the many
estimable and noble qualities of Dr. McLoughlin here. They have been
dwelt upon by others who have heretofore addressed the Pioneer
Association, and especially by Mr. Rees in 1879. I concur in everything
he said in praise of Dr. McLoughlin.

"It was my good fortune to know him well during the last six years of
his life, years which were embittered by what he considered an act of
ingratitude after he had done so many acts of personal kindness to the
early immigrants in their time of need. That Dr. McLoughlin was unjustly
treated in this matter, few, if any, will deny. And I am very sure that
a large majority of the people, in Oregon, at that time, condemned the
act which took away his property, and tended to becloud his fame. And
yet no act was ever done by the Territorial Government to assert its
right to the Oregon City claim during the life of Dr. McLoughlin; and in
1862, five years after his death, the State of Oregon confirmed the
title to his devisees upon the payment of the merely nominal
consideration of $1,000 into the university fund. And so five years
after he was laid in his grave an act of tardy justice was done at last
to the memory of the grand old pioneer." It was largely through Col.
Kelly's influence and actions that this act was passed in favor of Dr.
McLoughlin's devisees.

Horace S. Lyman was a son of Rev. Horace Lyman, a Congregational
minister who came to Oregon in 1849, and who founded the First
Congregational Church of Portland in June, 1851. Horace S. Lyman grew up
in Oregon and from his own knowledge, from personal association with
pioneer missionaries and others, and from reading, he became well
acquainted with the history of Oregon. He was the author of a "History
of Oregon" published in 1903. His associate editors were Mr. Harvey W.
Scott, Judge Charles B. Bellinger, and Prof. Frederic G. Young. In the
fourth volume of this history, page 381, it is said: "Whether the
justice of history, and the recognition of after times, when personal
interests and partizan spites are dissipated, and a character like that
of McLoughlin stands forth as one of the best ever produced under the
British flag, and one of the best ever given to America, should be
regarded as compensation for the injustice and sufferings of a life
darkened in old age, may not be determined. Yet the historian must ever
assert that a character worthy of perpetual commemoration and
admiration, illuminating, by humanity and Christian doctrine, the dark
chapters of wilderness life from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and
setting a star of hope over the barracks of a mercenary trading company,
is worth all personal sacrifice. It is of such acts that great history
consists. Even to the Doctor himself, going down in old age and poverty,
and doubting whether his family would have a support, and believing that
he had better have been shot as a beast than to have so suffered, we may
hope that it was but 'a light affliction, compared with the perpetual
consciousness of a life of peace and good will sustained in a period
menaced by war."

As I have said, my uncle, Daniel S. Holman, was one of the immigrants of
1843. He was then about twenty-one years old. He will be eighty-five
years old the fifteenth of November, 1907. He lives at McMinnville,
Oregon, strong in mind and body. When I was honored by being selected to
deliver the address, I wrote him asking for his opinion of Dr. John
McLoughlin, for I knew his feelings. He wrote me August 7, 1905. In this
letter he said: "I received yours requesting me to tell you of some of
the kind acts of Doctor McLoughlin. It would take more time than I have
to speak of all the very good things that he did, but I can say that he
did all that was in his power to do to help the starving, wornout and
poverty stricken [immigrants] that came to Oregon. For the first three
or four years after I came if he had not helped us we could not have
lived in Oregon. At the time we came he sent his boats to The Dalles,
free of cost, to help all that could not help themselves to go down the
river. He also sent food and clothing to the destitute and gave it to
them. He also furnished seed grain to everyone who wanted, and waited
for his pay until they raised wheat to pay. The fact is there never was
a better man than he was. He did more than any other man did to settle
Oregon. History says Doctor Whitman was the man who saved Oregon to the
United States, but that is not true. It was Dr. John McLoughlin of the
Hudson's Bay Company. So says every man that is a man, that came to
Oregon up to 1849. He furnished the entire immigration with food and
clothing for the first year after we came. The people did not have money
to live on and so he fed and clothed us all. Some never paid him but
some did pay the good old man."

And he added a postscript to say that his wife thought he had not said
enough about Dr. John McLoughlin. She has been my uncle's loving and
faithful help-mate for more than fifty-nine years. She is a pioneer of
1846. She, too, is still strong, mentally and physically. My uncle said
in the postscript: "I can say that I am sure no man could have done
better than he did to us all. In the fall of 1845 I went out to meet the
immigrants and was gone from home six or eight weeks without a change of
clothing. I got back to Vancouver where the Doctor then lived. I was as
ragged as I could be. I went to his office and told him I wanted some
clothing, but had no money. He gave me an order to his son to let me
have whatever I wanted in the store. He treated others as he did me. In
1848 he let every one who wanted to go to the mines have all they
needed, on time, to go to California. Some never paid him. Have you
anyone in Portland that would help any and all such men off to the mines
on such chances of getting their pay? I don't think there is such a man
in Oregon, or any other place. You can't say too much in his praise."

Joseph Watt, a pioneer of 1844, from whose "Recollections of Dr. John
McLoughlin" I have already quoted, also said, in said
_Recollections_:[77] "The next I saw of the Doctor was in Oregon City,
he having stayed at Fort Vancouver until all the immigrants for that
year [1844] had arrived. He was building a large flouring mill, at that
time nearing its completion. He already had a saw mill in full blast,
also was building a dwelling house, preparing to move to that place,
which he did in the following spring. From that time to his death he was
a prominent figure in Oregon City. Nothing pleased him better than to
talk with the settlers, learn how they were getting along, their
prospects, of their ability to live, and to help others. He was anxious
that every one should be well and kept busy. He could not endure
idleness or waste. Over-reaching, or, what we Americans call 'sharp
practice,' he had no patience with whatever. As far as he was concerned
all transactions were fair, straight-forward and honorable. Those who
knew him best never thought of disputing his word or his declared
intentions, although there were some high in authority who did this in
after years, apparently for selfish motives; and through their
representations, caused the U. S. Government to do an act of great
injustice. But I am proud to be able to say that all, or nearly all of
the first settlers, did not endorse the action, and never rested until
the wrong was adjusted as nearly as it was possible to do so.... It
appeared by common consent that he was practically the first governor of
the great North Pacific Coast. No man ever fulfilled that trust better
than Dr. John McLoughlin. He was always anxious over the Indian problem.
No one understood the Indian character better than he did. All the
Indians knew him as the great 'White Chief,' and believed whatever he
said could be depended on; that he was not their enemy, but was strictly
just with them in every thing;--could punish or reward, as he thought
best, and no trouble grew out of it. But with the settlers the case was
different.... Dr. McLoughlin! Kind, large-hearted Dr. John McLoughlin!
One of nature's noblemen, who never feared to do his duty to his God,
his country, his fellow-men and himself, even in the wilderness. The
pioneers of this great North-West feel that they owe Dr. John McLoughlin
a debt of gratitude above all price, and that they and their posterity
will cherish his memory by a suitable monument placed on the highest
pinnacle of fame within the State of Oregon."

Archbishop F. N. Blanchet came to Oregon in 1838 as Vicar-General of the
Roman Catholic Church in Oregon. He was consecrated as Archbishop in
Quebec in 1845. In his "Historical Sketches of the Catholic Church in
Oregon" (published in 1878), from which I have already quoted, he also
said of Dr. McLoughlin (pp. 8 and 9): "He was one of 'nature's noblemen'
in every sphere of life. Of commanding presence, strict integrity, sound
judgment, and correct principles of justice, no man was better qualified
for the position he occupied as the father and friend of both the
Indians and the whites who then jointly occupied the Pacific northwest.
Dr. McLoughlin was the arbiter to whom both whites and Indians looked
for the settlement of their differences, and the friend from whom they
sought relief in all their difficulties.... Under the impartial
supervision of this good and great man the business of the Hudson Bay
Company prospered amazingly; he perpetuated peace between the Indians
and the employes of the Company.... He also extended assistance to every
immigrant whose necessities required it, and his good deeds have
enshrined his name amidst the most honored of the pioneers of the
Pacific Coast." And on page 71 Archbishop Blanchet said: "Dr. John
McLoughlin was the father of the orphans and servants of the H. B. Co.;
the father of the French-Canadian colonies of Cowlitz and Wallamette
Valley; of all the American immigrants; and a great benefactor of the
Catholic Church."

It will be remembered that Rev. Daniel Lee was a Methodist missionary,
who came to Oregon in 1834. He worked faithfully and earnestly for about
ten years when he returned to the Eastern States. He continued in the
ministry and died about 1895. His son, Rev. William H. Lee, is the
Pastor of the People's Mission Church at Colorado Springs. He was in
Portland in 1905. In answer to the inquiry of Mr. G. H. Himes, Assistant
Secretary of the Oregon Historical Society, Rev. William H. Lee wrote
the following letter at his home, July 31, 1905, to Mr. Himes: "As the
son of a pioneer Oregon Missionary I wish to add my tribute of respect
to the memory of Dr. John McLoughlin. For 10 years my father Rev. Daniel
Lee labored in missionary work in Oregon and during all these years John
McLoughlin was his friend. When my Father and Mother were united in
marriage it was within the hospitable walls of Ft. Vancouver and we
treasure a marriage certificate signed by John McLoughlin as one of the
witnesses. Many times have I heard my Father and Mother speak of the
kindness of Dr. John McLoughlin. And one of the most pleasant memories
of my recent visit to Portland was the privilege I had of stopping in
Oregon City and placing some flowers on the grave of my Father and
Mother's friend."

The well known writer, S. A. Clarke, who was an Oregon immigrant of
1850, published a two volume work in 1903, entitled: "Pioneer Days of
Oregon History." In this work (vol. 1, pp. 214, 215) Mr. Clarke says of
Dr. McLoughlin: "It was because of his loyalty to humanity and his
kindness to Americans that he lost his high official station and was
left almost heartbroken in his old age. We can afford to hold up in
contrast those who profited by his bounty and left him to pay the bill;
also those--be they Missionaries or who--that tried to rob him of his
land claim, with the nobler minded man--John McLoughlin--who did so much
and lost so much for humanity, and never expressed regret."

Mr. Clarke in this work (vol. 1, p. 226) narrates the following
incident, which was told to him by Dr. William C. McKay, who was a
grandson of Mrs. Dr. John McLoughlin. It will be remembered that her
first husband was Alexander McKay, who was killed in the capture of the
Tonquin in 1811. "In 1843 William Beagle and family reached Vancouver
destitute, and he had the typhus fever. McLoughlin heard of it and told
Dr. Barclay there was a sick and destitute family at the landing; to fix
up a house for them, make them comfortable and attend to the sick.

"Dr. W. C. McKay had just returned from the States where he pursued
medical studies. So the doctor invited him to assist in taking care of
his patients. There was the mother and several children, who had all
they needed for two months, until Beagle got better, when he went to
Governor McLoughlin and asked what his bill was. 'Tut, tut, tut! bill,
bill, bill! Take care of yourself, sir! That is the bill!" Beagle
pleaded that even the doctor couldn't afford to take care of his family
and treat them so long without pay. 'Tut, tut, tut,' was the reply. 'You
do the best you can for some other man who is in trouble, and that will
pay me.'

"He sent them up the Willamette, free of charge, sold them supplies that
were necessary until Beagle could earn money, and was finally paid for
them in full. This is but one instance in the many where the kindness
and generosity of Dr. McLoughlin was manifested toward Americans who
reached Vancouver sick and impoverished and received his generous and
kindly care."

FOOTNOTES:

[1] See Document A at end of volume.

[2] See Document B.

[3] See Document C.

[4] Report of Naval Agent W. A. Slocum to the Secretary of State, March
26, 1837.

[5] Dunn's _History of the Oregon Territory_, p. 143.

[6] Wilkes's _Narrative_, iv, p. 327.

[7] See Document C.

[8] John Dunn was an employée of the Hudson's Bay Company. He came from
England to Fort Vancouver, in 1830, by sea. He returned to England in
1839 or 1840. The first edition of his history was published in London
in 1844.

[9] Belcher's _Narrative of a Voyage Round the World_, vol. i, p. 296.

[10] As to the high regard which Wyeth retained through his life for Dr.
McLoughlin, see Document O.

[11] See Document D.

[12] Rev. Gustavus Hines, _History of Oregon_, p. 16.

[13] Dr. H. K. Hines, _Missionary History_, p. 90.

[14] Rev. Gustavus Hines, _History of the Oregon Missions_, pp. 31, 32;
Dr. H. K. Hines, _Missionary History_, p. 156.

[15] Lee and Frost's _Ten Years in Oregon_, pp. 225, 226.

[16] See Documents E and F.

[17] _Transactions_, Oregon Pioneer Association for 1875, p. 45.

[18] _History of Oregon_ by Rev. H. K. Hines, D.D., pp. 166, 167.

[19] Gray's _History of Oregon_, pp. 268, 269.

[20] "Narrative of Dr. McLoughlin" published in the _Quarterly_ of the
Oregon Historical Society, June, 1900.

[21] Address of Medorum Crawford, in 1881. See _Transactions_ of the
Oregon Pioneer Association for 1881, p. 14.

[22] See _Quarterly_ of the Oregon Historical Society, Vol. 3, pp.
398-426.

[23] Wilkes, _History of Oregon_, p. 95.

[24] See Theodore Roosevelt's _Winning of the West_.

[25] _Oregon Spectator_, November 12, 1846.

[26] A full summary will be found in Vol. 1, pp. 501-505, _History of
Oregon_, Bancroft's Works.

[27] See Document R.

[28] See Document C.

[29] Vol. 1, pp. 504, 505, _History of Oregon_, Bancroft's Works.

[30] Vol. 1, p. 31, _History of Oregon_, Bancroft's Works, from
manuscript of Jesse Applegate.

[31] See Document L.

[32] White's _Ten Years in Oregon_, p. 200.

[33] Rev. Dr. H. K. Hines, _Missionary History_, p. 354.

[34] See Document L.

[35] Vol. 1, p. 204, _History of Oregon_, Bancroft's Works. See also
Document L.

[36] This proclamation is set forth in full in Document I.

[37] This agreement is set forth in full in Document J.

[38] Vol. 1, p. 253, _History of the Pacific Northwest_, by Elwood
Evans; _The River of the West_, by Frances Fuller Victor, pp. 360, 361;
Vol. 1, pp. 224, 225, _History of Oregon_, Bancroft's Works.

[39] Vol. 1, p. 207, _History of Oregon_, Bancroft's Works; Vol. 1, p.
243, Elwood Evans's _History of the Pacific Northwest_. See also
Document H.

[40] See Document H, which is a true copy of all the Shortess petition
as printed in 1844 by order of the United States Senate.

[41] See Document N.

[42] See Document K.

[43] Set forth in Document J.

[44] _Congressional Globe_, Vol. 21, Part Second, p. 1079, first Session
of 31st Congress.

[45] This letter of Dr. McLoughlin is set forth in full in Document L.
See also letter of William J. Berry, Document M.

[46] See Document N, where excerpts from this speech are set forth.

[47] White's _Ten Years in Oregon_, pp. 220, 221.

[48] _Oregon Spectator_, August 22 and 29, 1850.

[49] _Oregon Spectator_, September 26, 1850.

[50] _Oregon Spectator_, November 7, 1850.

[51] _Western Star_ (Milwaukee, Oregon) February 20, and March 13, 1851.

[52] Attention is called to the correspondence of S. R. Thurston,
Nathaniel J. Wyeth, R. C. Winthrop and Dr. McLoughlin, which is set
forth in Document O.

[53] See Document P.

[54] _House Journal_, 1853-54, P. 165.

[55] See Document Q.

[56] _Transactions_ of the Oregon Pioneer Association for 1887, p. 16.

[57] _Transactions_ of the Oregon Pioneer Association for 1888, p. 134.

[58] _Transactions_ of the Oregon Pioneer Association for 1888, pp. 135,
136.

[59] For further opinions of contemporaries of Dr. McLoughlin, see
Document S.

[60] Greenhow's _History of Oregon and California_, pp. 323-325, 467-476
(second edition, 1845); Martin's _Hudson Bay Territories and Vancouver's
Island_, pp. 151-165; Bryce's _The Remarkable History of the Hudson's
Bay Company_, Chapters XXIV to XXIX.

[61] This copy of the Shortess petition is made from the United States
Senate Document as printed by its order of February 7, 1844. It is
Senate Document 105, 28th Congress, 1st Session. One copy of this
original Senate Document is in the possession of Milton W. Smith, Esq.,
of Portland, Oregon. By his courtesy the foregoing copy was made from
said Senate Document. The purported copy of the Shortess petition in
Gray's _History of Oregon_ and in Brown's _Political History of Oregon_
are not true copies.

[62] See Document N.

[63] Bernard's Heirs v. Ashley's Heirs, 18 _Howard_ (U. S. Supreme
Court) 43; Hot Spring Cases, 2 _Otto_ (U. S. Supreme Court) 698, 706.

[64] Rev. Gustavus Hines, _History of Oregon_, Chapter x.

[65] See Document J.

[66] Mrs. Frances F. Victor, _The River of the West_, pp. 359, 360;
_History of Oregon_, Bancroft's Works, Vol. I, p. 223.

[67] See Document L, where this injunction by Thurston, written on the
copy of his letter, is set forth in full.

[68] Hall v. Russell, 101 _U. S._, 503.

[69] This correspondence was also published in full in the _Western
Star_ (published at Milwaukee, Oregon), in its issue of April 10, 1851.

[70] See Document F.

[71] _Transactions_ of the Oregon Pioneer Association for 1876, p. 18.

[72] Col. J. W. Nesmith was a Captain of Oregon volunteers in the Cayuse
Indian War of 1847; and also in the Rogue River Indian War of 1852, and
was Colonel of the First Regiment of Oregon Mounted Volunteers in the
Yakima Indian War of 1855. He was a United States Senator and also a
Representative to Congress from Oregon.

[73] _Transactions_ of the Oregon Pioneer Association for 1876, p. 58.

[74] _Transactions_ of the Oregon Pioneer Association for 1879, pp. 29,
30.

[75] _Transactions_ of the Oregon Pioneer Association for 1875, p. 51.

[76] _Transactions_ of the Oregon Pioneer Association for 1882, p. 26.

[77] _Transactions_ of the Oregon Pioneer Association for 1886, pp.
25-27.

INDEX

  Abernethy, General George, 65, 66, 109, 116, 122, 126, 134, 135, 187,
      209, 211, 223, 235, 240, 243.

  Abernethy Island, 102, 103, 107, 108, 110, 114, 116, 117, 122, 126,
      130, 134, 135, 141, 142, 143, 153, 200, 214, 228, 235, 236, 237,
      239, 242, 262.

  Academy, Wesleyan, 112 (_see also_ Schools).

  Acapulco (Mex.), 144.

  Act, Organic, 67;
    of 1848, 114;
    trading, 177.

  Adams, Thomas (an Indian), 185.

  Agriculture, 85, 258.

  Alaska, 19.

  America, 38, 175, 180, 279;
    British, 32, 95 (_see also_ Canada);
    North, 41, 177, 178, 179;
    South, 189;
    a ship, 68.

  Americans, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 42, 44, 45-52, 61, 62, 64, 66,
      69, 71, 72, 73, 74, 78, 83, 84, 85, 88, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96, 97,
      100, 102, 124, 127, 129, 133, 156, 157, 167, 168, 170, 182, 199,
      213, 220, 238, 239, 244, 249, 250, 253, 254, 257, 258, 259, 260,
      261, 263, 264, 266, 268, 272, 276, 282, 284, 285, 286.

  Anderson, John, 205.

  Applegate, Jesse, 67, 99, 108, 119, 120, 150, 151, 224, 237.

  Apples, 181 (_see also_ Fruit).

  Army, British, 23, 24, 91, 227.

  Arnold, Benedict, 130, 230, 234.

  Arkansas (state), 221.

  Arrendrill, C. T., 205.

  Articles of Agreement, 224-226.

  Astor, John Jacob, 20, 24.

  Astoria, 19, 20, 27, 194, 197, 212.

  Atlantic Ocean, 279.

  Attorneys, 107, 118, 212, 218, 219, 225, 247.

  Babcock, Dr. I. L., 210.

  Bailey, Dr. --, 210.

  Baker's Bay, 195.

  Ball, John, 257.

  Baltimore, 186.

  Bancroft, Hubert Howe, _History of Oregon_, cited, 92, 97, 99, 107,
      110, 116, 211, 227, 229, 270-272.

  Baptists, 133, 238, 263.

  Barclay, Dr. --, 76, 286.

  Barlow Road, 91.

  Bates, James M., 205.

  Battles, 23, 24 (_see also_ Wars).

  Beagle, William, 285.

  Beaumont (Canadian parish), 23.

  Beaver, Rev. Herbert, 34.

  Beaver-skins, 191.

  Beef, 43, 44, 45, 195, 267.

  Beers, Alanson, 65, 205.

  Belcher, Sir Edward, 43, 44, 266, 267, 268, 269.

  Bellamy, G. W., 205.

  Bellinger, Judge Charles B., 279.

  Bennet, V., 205.

  Berry, William J., 135.

  Blanchet, Archbishop Francis Norbert, 162;
    _Historical Sketches_, cited, 98, 99, 283, 284.

  Blue Mountains, 33.

  Boats, 78, 184, 201, 232, 263, 280, (_see also_ Ships).

  Bonds, 208, 209, 217, 218, 225, 227.

  Bonneville, Captain --, 33, 49, 117, 199.

  Boone, Daniel, 83.

  Boston (Mass.), 48, 52, 186.

  Bostons (name given to Americans), 72, 73, 74.

  Boundaries, of Oregon County, 19, 20, 21, 39, 68, 86, 101, 129, 131,
      231, 232, 233, 236.

  Bowlin, --, 229.

  Brallier, Henry, letter by, 196, 197.

  Bread, 59.

  Brewer, H. B., 205.

  Bribery, 143.

  Bridges, J. C., 205.

  British, 35, 39, 40, 64, 67, 68, 92, 97, 157, 165, 166, 215, 216, 231,
      232, 239.

  Brooks, Wm. (an Indian), 185.

  Broughtan, Lieut. --, 28.

  Brown, --, 221.

  Brown, G., 205.

  Brown, Jeffrey, 205.

  Brown, J. Henry, _Political History of Oregon_, cited, 66, 119, 209.

  Brown, William, 205.

  Brum, William, 205.

  Bryant, Judge W. P., 122, 130, 133, 134, 135, 142, 148, 152, 228, 229,
      235, 239, 240, 241, 243, 249, 262.

  Bryce, --, _The remarkable history of the Hudson's Bay Company_,
    cited, 181.

  Buddha, 146.

  Burgoyne, General John, 23.

  Burnett, Peter H., 70, 73, 75, 76, 77, 120, 121, 151, 273, 274.

  Burns, Hugh, 210.

  Butler, 59.

  Calcutta (India), 48.

  California, 19, 25, 37, 44, 45, 50, 51, 52, 64, 69, 76, 123, 124, 138,
      199, 248, 252, 253, 281.

  California Bill, 132, 234.

  Cambridge (Mass.), 45, 258.

  Campbell, H., 205.

  Campbell, J. J., 205.

  Camp du Sable, 258.

  Canada, Dominion of, 20, 22, 23, 24, 111, 113, 186;
    Upper, 38, 39.

  Canadians, 79, 133, 189, 190, 238;
    French, 41-45, 46, 61, 98, 99, 265, 284.

  Canal, 201.

  Cannon, 29.

  Canoes, 54, 72, 197.

  Cape Horn, 258.

  Carolinas, 84.

  Cartee, L. F., 153.

  Carter, David, 205.

  Cascades, 70, 71, 76, 197;
    Mountains, 79, 91.
    _See also_ Rapids.

  Cason, F. C., 153.

  Casualties, 70.

  Cathlamet, 195.

  Catholics, 22, 98, 99, 100, 133, 147, 151, 157, 167, 171, 189, 190,
    191, 192, 238, 276.

  Cattle, 28, 37, 43, 44, 45, 57, 66, 75, 76, 77, 78, 87, 117, 183, 194,
    199, 232, 258, 263, 266, 268.

  Cayuse (Indian tribe), 37, 40, 61, 74, 88, 145, 274 (_see also_ Wars).

  Champoeg (Ore.), 65, 69 (_see also_ the following).

  Champooing, 192.

  Chance, William, 212.

  Charles II (king of Great Britain), 21.

  Charters, 21, 95, 194 (_see also_ Grants).

  Chemekete, (Ore.), 115.

  Chicopee (Mass.), 256.

  Churches, 99, 238;
    Catholic, 157, 167, 171, 283;
    English, 167;
    Methodist, 109.
    _See also_ Missionaries and kindred topics.

  Clackamas County (Ore.), 115. 124.

  Clackamas Falls, 236.

  Clackamas Female Protestant Seminary, 133, 238.

  Clackamas River, 106, 107, 111, 120, 237.

  Clark, George Rogers, 83.

  Clarke, --, 191.

  Clarke, S. A., _Pioneer days_, cited, 285, 286.

  Clayoquot Sound, 24.

  Coggswell, William (artist), 162.

  Colonies, American, 20.

  Colorado Springs (Col.), 284.

  Columbia River, 20, 21, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 42,
      45, 46, 47, 49, 51, 59, 67, 70, 71, 79, 80, 85, 89, 90, 100, 103,
      136, 140, 154, 195, 198, 199, 201, 203, 204, 216, 222, 230, 232,
      245, 257, 258, 259, 263, 265.

  Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 118.

  Compo, Charles, 205.

  Comyns, --, 217.

  Confiscations, 159.

  Confucius, 146.

  Congregationalists, 133, 147, 238, 278.

  Congress, 21, 65, 104, 105, 116, 121, 123, 129, 130, 132, 135, 136,
      137, 138, 139, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 149, 150, 152, 153, 154,
      155, 203, 204, 210, 215, 217, 220, 232, 243, 244, 246, 248, 252,
      257, 260, 262, 266, 274.

  _Congressional Globe_, cited, 129, 229, 234, 247.

  Constitution, 64, 121, 215, 217, 250.

  Conventions, 21, 32, 101, 113, 129, 175, 176, 177, 221, 254 (_see also_
      Treaties).

  Cook, Aaron, 205.

  Coombs, E. N., 205.

  Copeland, A., 205.

  Corn, 213.

  Coursen, --, 221.

  Courts, 38, 39, 109, 113, 115, 116, 121, 128, 142, 198, 215, 221, 222,
      223, 225, 228, 229, 240, 249, 250, 251, 252.

  Cowenia, --, 128.

  Cowlitz, 284.

  Crawford, Medorum, 69, 205.

  Creeks, 184.

  Curry, George L., 243, 244, 249.

  Dalles (Indians), 72, 73.

  Dartmouth College, 74.

  Davis, George, 205.

  Davis, S., 205.

  Deady, Judge Matthew P., 128, 162, 272, 273.

  Debt, collection of, 252.

  Deeds, land, 115, 118, 203, 205, 206-208, 217, 225.

  De Haven, --, 128.

  Donation Land Law, 101, 102, 103, 105, 110, 111, 123, 124, 128, 129,
      137, 140-143, 145, 149, 150, 152, 154, 157, 159, 160, 161, 164,
      247, 248, 251, 256.

  Douglas, James, 39, 43, 44, 67, 75, 191, 195, 226, 227, 268, 270.

  Dryad, (a ship), 51.

  Dunn, --, _History of the Oregon Territory_, cited, 29, 36, 37, 266.

  Edmunds, John, 205.

  Edwards, --, 183.

  Edwards, P. L. (teacher), 55, 73.

  Ekin, Richard H., 205.

  Elections, 244.

  Elijah, an Indian, 37.

  Ellice, E., 178.

  England, 20, 25, 32, 36, 43, 103, 113, 125, 134, 167, 177, 239, 273.

  English, 38, 125, 133, 182, 238, 253, (_see also_ British, England,
      and Great Britain).

  English Church, 98, 191.

  Epidemics, 27, 60.

  Epitaph, 158.

  Epps, Captain --, 24.

  Ermatinger, Frank, 274.

  Evans, Elwood, _History of Pacific Northwest_, cited, 110, 116, 211.

  Executions, 38, 40.

  Expeditions, 43, 45-52, 54, 76, 77, 195, 227, 268.

  Exports, 28, 29.

  Fairfield (Ore.), 99.

  Farmers, 199, 234.

  Farms, 28, 41, 42, 81, 181, 194, 199, 213, 215, 217, 266.

  Farnham, Thomas J. (traveler), 30.

  Faulitz Plains, 191.

  Figueroa, --, (governor of California), 51.

  Fillmore, Millard, 141, 249.

  Fitzgerald, James Edward, _The Hudson's Bay Company_, cited, 264-268,
      269.

  Flatheads (Indian tribe), 55, 112.

  Flour, 117, 122 (_see also_ Wheat).

  Force, James, 205.

  Forest Creek (Ore.), 243.

  Forts, 20, 21, 24, 27, 28, 32, 33, 34, 35.

  Fowl, 43.

  Fraser, Angelique, mother of McLoughlin, 23.

  Fraser, Malcolm, 23.

  Fraser, Samuel, M. D., 23.

  Fraser, General --, 23.

  Fraser Highlanders, 23.

  Fremont, Col. John C., 77, 78, 227, 233.

  French, 38, 182, 245 (_see also_ Canadians, French).

  French Prairie (Ore.), 56, 102.

  Freshets, 184.

  Frost, Rev. J. H., 188, 269.

  Fruit, 28.

  Funds, misappropriation of, 187.

  Furs, 20, 26, 29, 32, 35, 36, 42, 52.

  Furtrade, 32, 33, 177, 178, 202.

  Furtraders, 24, 31, 33, 34, 35, 37, 49 (_see also_ Trade and
      commerce).

  Gale, Joseph, 65.

  Garden, 203.

  Gary, Rev. George, 63, 109, 110, 222.

  Gay, George, 210.

  George (Fort), 20, 21, 27, 28.

  Germany, 26.

  Ghent, 20, 21.

  Gibbs, Joseph, 205.

  Gifts, 57, 59, 71, 73, 82, 138, 139, 141, 165.

  Gilpin, Major W., 226, 227.

  Girtman, Daniel, 205.

  Gladstone Park, 106, 111.

  Goats, 28.

  Gordon, Captain --, 68, 91.

  Governor's Island. _See_ Abernethy Island.

  Grain, 28 (_see also_ Wheat).

  Grants, 178, 179, 180, 205 (_see also_ Charters).

  Gray, W. H., 54;
    _History of Oregon_, cited, 66, 119, 205, 209, 210.

  Great Britain, 19, 20, 21, 32, 33, 34, 39, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 71, 90,
      93, 95, 100, 101, 104, 112, 128, 141, 142, 156, 157, 164, 175,
      176, 221, 250, 265. (_See also_ England).

  Green River, 53.

  Greenhow, --, _History of Oregon and California_, cited, 180.

  Gregory XVI (pope), 161.

  Griffin, J. S., 123.

  Griffith, --, 191.

  Grover, Gov. L. F., 158, 159.

  Hall, --, 251.

  Hall (Fort), 46, 47, 69, 129, 131, 229, 231, 233, 252, 258.

  Hannah, --, 128.

  Harvey, Daniel, 25, 160.

  Harvey, James W. McLoughlin, (grandson of Dr. J. McLoughlin), 25, 63.

  Hastings, --, 203, 205, 207, 209.

  Hathaway, Felix, 114, 115, 134, 205, 235, 236, 239.

  Hauxhurst, W., 205.

  Hawaiian Islands, 28, 51, 212, 213, 222.

  Hess, Joseph, 79.

  Hill, David, 65.

  Hill, Tom (a Shawnee Indian), 74.

  Himes, George H., 272, 284.

  Hines, Rev. Gustavus, 48, 205, 223;
    _History of Oregon_, cited, 57, 59, 222.

  Hines, Rev. H. K., D. D., 48, 55, 166-169, 187;
    _Missionary history_, cited, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 65, 106,
      110, 111, 112, 113, 185, 186.

  Hoaikaika (ship), 222, 223.

  Hofstatter, John, 205.

  Hogs, 28, 75, 76.

  Holman, Daniel S., 70, 279-281.

  Holman, Frederick V., preface, 15-17;
    Dr. John McLoughlin, 19-172.

  Holman, J., 205.

  Holman, James D. (the author's father), 138, 241.

  Holman, John (grandfather of the author), 70.

  Holman, Joseph, 113, 114.

  Holman, Woodford C., 138.

  Honolulu (Hawaii), 222.

  Hoover, John, 251, 252.

  Horregon, Jer., 205.

  Horses, 28, 51, 69, 77, 87, 159, 183, 194.

  Howard, --, 221.

  Howard, John, 205.

  Howison, Lieut. Neil M., 135, 136.

  Hubbard, T. J., 205.

  Hudson Bay, 184.

  Hudson's Bay Company, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 32, 33, 34, 35,
      36, 37, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 56,
      57, 58, 62, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 73, 74, 76, 77, 79, 81, 86, 90,
      91, 93, 94, 95, 97, 102, 104, 110, 115, 116, 117, 118, 120, 123,
      124, 125, 129, 130, 131, 133, 134, 135, 139, 150, 155, 156, 157,
      162, 167, 168, 176, 177, 178, 179, 185, 191, 192, 194, 195, 196,
      197, 199, 200, 201, 202, 204, 210, 212, 216, 220, 229, 230, 231,
      232, 238, 239, 241, 242, 247, 248, 255, 257, 258, 259, 264, 266,
      267, 268, 269, 272, 273, 274, 275, 280, 284.

  Hudspath, --, 237.

  Humason, Orlando, 153.

  Hunters, 191.

  Idaho, 19, 46, 54.

  Illinois (state), 113.

  Immigrants, and immigration to Oregon, 15, 41, 61, 62, 64, 69-90, 91,
      92, 93, 94, 96, 100, 105, 116, 129, 132, 136, 140, 148, 150, 151,
      165, 169, 196, 197, 230, 232, 233, 248, 252, 253, 261, 263, 265,
      269, 272, 273, 279, 280, 281, 284.

  Independence (Mo.), 70, 87.

  Indians, 24, 26, 27, 32, 35-41, 49, 54, 55, 60, 61, 62, 63, 71, 72,
      73, 74, 87, 88, 92, 95, 100, 103, 107, 112, 124, 132, 141, 156,
      163, 171, 177, 178, 179, 180, 182, 185, 186, 188, 192, 193, 196,
      202, 230, 235, 238, 252, 256, 274, 275, 282, 283, 284.

  Ireland, 22, 176, 250.

  Irish, 133, 151, 182, 238.

  Iroquois (Indians), 73.

  Ithaca (N. Y.), 53.

  Ivory, 63.

  Jackson, -- (furtrader), 33.

  Jackson, B. B., 153.

  Japanese, 182.

  Jesuitism, 234.

  Jesuits, 61.

  Jews, 146.

  Johnson, W., 205.

  Judges, 134, 162, 239, 244, 245, 250.

  Judson, L. H., 205.

  Kamouraska (parish in Canada), 22.

  Kaministiquia River, 24.

  Kelley, Hall J., 50, 51, 52.

  Kelly, Col. --, 278.

  Kentucky (state), 83.

  Kilbourn, Captain W. K., 237.

  Kincaid, H. R., _Biennial Report, of 1899_, cited, 228.

  Klakamus Plains, 204.

  Klakamus River, 200 (_see also_ Clackamas).

  Kone, --, 187, 188.

  Ladd & Co., 204.

  La Framboise, Michel, 195, 197.

  Lambert, Captain --, 182.

  Lancaster, Columbus, 123, 245.

  Land Claims, 68, 80, 88, 99, 101-114, 118, 119, 122, 123, 124, 125,
      127, 129, 132, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 146,
      152, 153, 154, 155, 159, 160, 200, 202, 205, 214, 218, 220, 222,
      223, 225, 227, 228, 229, 232, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 240, 241,
      242, 243, 245, 251, 253, 262, 272, 277, 278, 285.

  Land laws, 119, 120, 123 (_see also_ Donation Land Law).

  Lane, Gen. Joseph, 65, 235, 240, 242, 248.

  Lapwai (Idaho), 54.

  Lausanne (a ship), 48, 59, 61, 63, 103, 105, 113, 115, 186.

  Lawson, J., 205.

  Lawyer, 254.

  LeBreton, George W., 205.

  Lee, Rev. Daniel (missionary), 55, 59, 73, 102, 113, 114, 181, 183,
      264, 269, 284.

  Lee, Rev. Jason (missionary), 50, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 62, 65, 66,
      73, 102, 106, 110, 111, 112, 167, 180-185, 186, 187, 188, 189,
      210, 212, 214, 219, 222, 223, 235, 236, 237.

  Lee, Rev. William H. (son of Daniel), opinion of McLoughlin, 284, 285.

  Leslie, Rev. David, 58, 108, 110, 224, 226, 227.

  Lewis, Jr., S., 205.

  Lewis, Reuben, 205.

  Lewis and Clark Exposition, 16.

  Lewiston (Idaho), 54.

  Linn Bill, 104, 111, 261.

  Linn, Senator --, 104, 111.

  Linnton (Ore.), 75.

  London, 21, 29, 36, 43, 46, 59, 63, 96, 112, 168, 175.

  Los Angeles (Cal.), 25.

  Lovejoy, A. Lawrence, 122, 226;
    letter by, 218, 219.

  Lucier, Etienne, 102, 103.

  Lumber, 28, 117, 122 (_see also_ Timber).

  Lyman, Horace, 278.

  Lyman, Rev. Horace S., _History of Oregon_, 278, 279.

  Lytle, --, 221.

  McCarver, General --, 73.

  McDougal, Duncan, 20.

  McGillivray, S., 178.

  McGillivray, W., 178.

  McGruder, Theodore, 240.

  McKarty, William, 205.

  McKay, --, 181.

  McKay, Alexander, 24, 285.

  McKay, Dr. William C., 285.

  McLoughlin, David (brother of Dr. McL.), 23, 24.

  McLoughlin, David (son of Dr. McL.), 24, 25, 160.

  McLoughlin, Eliza (daughter of Dr. J. McL.), 24.

  McLoughlin, Eloisa (daughter of Dr. McL.), 24, 25, 160.

  McLoughlin, John (father of following), 22.

  McLoughlin, Dr. John: revered in Oregon, 15;
    McLoughlin Day, 16;
    life, 19-172;
    illustrative documents on, 175-286;
    genealogy and family, 22-25;
    and the Oregon Country, 25-27;
    treatment of Indians, 35-41;
    letters, etc. by, 57, 149-152, 205, 206, 229-243 (_see also_
      McLoughlin Document, and Deeds);
    kindness and humanity of, 34, 36, 37, 45-48, 56, 57, 59, 72, 73,
      75-83, 89, 100, 101, 106, 163, 164, 167-172, 181, 182, 184, 190,
      197, 257-259, 272-286;
    appellations, 91, 161, 168, 171, 282, 283;
    persecuted, 122, 123, 152-158;
    his land claims (_see_ Land Claims);
    naturalized, 120-122;
    answer to Thurston, 130-135.

  McLoughlin, John (son of Dr. McL.), 24.

  McLoughlin, Mrs. Dr. John, 285.

  McLoughlin Day, 16, 196.

  McLoughlin Document, cited, 41, 44, 48, 55, 71, 72, 82, 83, 103, 155,
      156, 253.

  McMinnville (Ore.), 280.

  McNeil, Captain --, 239.

  Magruder, Theodore, 122.

  Marechell, --, 196, 197.

  Marion County (Ore.), 102.

  Martin, --, _Hudson Bay Territories_, cited, 180, 181.

  Massachusetts (state), 45, 112.

  Mazatlan (Mex.), 222.

  May Dacre (a ship), 47, 57.

  Meek, Joseph L., 123.

  Melons, 181.

  Memphremagog (Lake), 112, 113.

  Methodists, 113, 116, 119, 133, 147, 238 (_see also_ Missionaries, and
      Missions).

  Mexican Government, 52.

  Mexico, 222.

  Mills, 28, 79, 103, 115, 116, 118, 124, 125, 126, 127, 132, 134, 154,
     193, 199, 200, 201, 214, 234, 240, 282.

  Milner, Dr. --, 99.

  Milwaukee (Ore.), 144, 262.

  Mines, 123, 281.

  Minto, John, 37, 79, 164.

  Mirabel (Cal.), 25.

  Missionaries, 38, 50, 56, 81, 100, 102, 112, 147, 148, 166, 167, 169,
      180-185, 186, 190, 191, 192, 236, 272, 279, 285;
    Catholic, 98, 100;
    Congregational, 98;
    Methodist, 52, 54-63, 65, 88, 98, 103, 104, 105, 109, 110, 111, 115,
      126, 147, 148, 187, 188, 212, 224, 258, 284;
    Presbyterian, 52-54, 98 (_see also_ Missions).

  Missionary Board, Report to, 185-189, 222.

  Mission Church, 284.

  Mission Party, 123, 138, 144, 145.

  Missions (Catholic), 192.

  Missions (Methodist), 64, 67, 103, 105, 106, 108, 109, 110, 111, 114,
      115, 116, 120, 123, 124, 127, 132, 146, 185, 187, 192, 193, 202,
      210, 214, 222, 223, 226, 227, 228, 234, 235, 245.

  Mississippi River, 84.

  Missouri (state), 58, 70, 84, 87, 229.

  Modeste (ship), 68.

  Moffitt, J. W., 153.

  Montana (state), 19, 20.

  Monopolies, 44, 191, 216, 220.

  Montreal, 20, 22, 264.

  Morrison, J. L., 205.

  Moss, S. W., 205.

  Mount Hood, 171, 275, 277.

  Mt. McLoughlin, 170, 171.

  Mt. Pitt, 170.

  Murders, 35, 40, 74.

  Myrick, Mrs. Josiah, 25, 158.

  Nesmith, Col. J. W., 41, 70, 71, 75, 123, 274.

  Nesqually, 269.

  Nevada (state), 19.

  New England, 85, 100.

  New England conference, 112.

  New York (city), 63, 185, 186, 222.

  _New York Herald_, cited, 75.

  Nisqually Plains, 269.

  North Fork, 184.

  North Pacific Coast, 282.

  Northwest Coast, 131, 201, 231, 275.

  Northwest Fur Company, 20, 21, 22, 24, 95, 176, 177, 178, 264.

  Nunnery, 238.

  Nutall, -- (botanist), 49, 50.

  Nye, Chauncey, 153.

  Oak, 192.

  Ohio (state), 113.

  O'Neil, James A., 205.

  O'Neill, --, 194.

  Oregon (country, territory, and state), 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22,
      25, 27, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 48,
      49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64-68, 69, 70,
      71, 77, 79, 81, 83, 84, 85, 86, 88, 91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 100, 101,
      103, 104, 109, 110, 112, 113, 114, 115, 119, 121, 122, 123, 124,
      126, 129, 131, 132, 135, 137, 138, 139, 140, 142, 143, 144, 145,
      148, 153, 154, 156, 158, 160, 161, 162, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168,
      169, 170, 171, 172, 176, 185, 187, 188, 190, 196, 197, 198, 199,
      201, 202, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 211, 212, 213, 218, 221,
      222, 223, 224, 227, 228, 229, 231, 233, 235, 238, 240, 250, 251,
      252, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 265, 266,
      268, 269, 270, 271, 273, 274, 276, 277, 278, 280, 281, 283, 284.

  Oregon (ship), 195.

  Oregon Bill, 223, 233 (_see also_ Donation Land Law).

  Oregon City (Ore.), 42, 59, 66, 68, 69, 70, 80, 82, 87, 91, 96, 101,
      102, 103, 106, 107, 108, 110, 111, 115, 116, 118, 121, 122, 123,
      124, 125, 127, 132, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 154,
      155, 157, 159, 202, 205, 206, 207, 208, 211, 212, 213, 219, 220,
      222, 224, 225, 226, 227, 234, 237, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245,
      247, 272, 274, 278, 281, 282, 285.

  Oregon City Claim, 124 (_see also_ Land claims).

  Oregon Donation Law, 19 (_see also_ Donation Land Law).

  Oregon Historical Society, 16, 68, 75, 161, 180, 187, 212, 218, 223,
      224, 226, 263, 284.

  _Oregon House Journal_, cited, 153, 160.

  _Oregonian_, cited, 196.

  Oregon Land Bill, 132 (_see also_ Donation Land Law).

  Oregon Legislature, 67, 133, 152, 153, 154, 160, 161, 163, 164, 170,
      171, 277.

  Oregon Milling Company, 108, 114, 115, 117, 118, 122, 127, 130, 200,
      201.

  Oregon Pioneer Association, 41, 61, 69, 71, 75, 79, 82, 162, 163, 164,
      165, 212, 272, 274, 276, 277, 281.

  Oregon Provisional Government, 39, 40, 64-68, 70, 88, 92, 93, 101,
      109, 115, 119, 120, 138, 151, 237, 249, 251, 252, 253, 254, 276.

  _Oregon Reports_, cited, 251.

  _Oregon Senate Journal_, cited, 160.

  _Oregon Spectator_, cited, 87, 124, 130, 135, 137, 138, 139, 145, 229,
      243, 246, 256, 262, 272.

  _Oregon Statesman_, cited, 262.

  Oregon Supreme Court, 128.

  Oregon Territorial Government, 19, 65, 138.

  Oxen, 44, 57, 76, 87, 88, 168, 183 (_see also_ Cattle).

  Pacific Coast and slope, 15, 273, 284.

  Pacific Fur Company, 20, 24.

  Pacific Ocean, 19, 45, 186, 279.

  Pancott, Theodore, 205.

  Paris (France), 24.

  Park, Captain --, 68, 91.

  Parker, Rev. Samuel (Missionary), 53.

  Parliament, 32, 38, 177, 268.

  Parrish, J. L., 62, 205.

  Patents, 215.

  Pawnee Mission, 58.

  Peacock (ship), 194, 196.

  Peel, Lieut. Wm., 68, 91.

  Peel, Sir Robert, 68.

  Penalties, 35-41, 42.

  Pendleton (Ore.), 48, 166.

  Pennoyer, Governor Sylvester, 165.

  Peopeomoxmox (Indian Chief), 37.

  Perkins, Rev. H. K. W., 210.

  Pfeiffer, W. A., 205.

  Philadelphia (Penn.), 186, 190.

  Pillar Rock, 38.

  Pine, 192.

  Pineries, 112.

  Pioneers, 15, 37, 67, 71, 77, 86, 91, 101, 137, 138, 139, 140, 148,
      150, 158, 163, 164, 165, 170, 171, 172, 186, 270, 275, 281, 283,
      284.

  Pittman, Anna Maria, 58.

  Platte River, 184.

  Plows, 263.

  Polk (County), 243.

  Polk, James K., 21, 87, 100.

  Pomeroy, Walter, 206, 210.

  Porpoise (ship), 195.

  Portage, 236.

  Porter, J. M. (Secretary of War), 136.

  Portland (Ore.), 16, 17, 25, 75, 158, 159, 162, 196, 209, 278, 281,
      284, 285.

  Portland General Electric Company, 102.

  Potatoes, 28, 213.

  Prairies, 193.

  Presbyterians, 133, 146, 238.

  Prices, 33, 43, 44, 45, 46, 49, 77, 118, 201.

  Priests, Catholic, 22, 61, 189, 191.

  Protestants, 100, 133, 146, 147, 190, 238.

  Puget's Island, 195.

  Puget Sound, 68, 190, 269.

  Quebec (city), 22, 283.

  Raccoon (British sloop-of-war), 20.

  Rae, William Glen, 24, 25, 69.

  Rafts, 70 (_see also_ Ships).

  Rapids, 70, 102, 103, 114, 119, 136, 191, 200, 201, 202, 213, 224,
      235, 236, 242.

  Raymond, W. W., 224, 226.

  Red River Settlement, 265, 269.

  Rees, Hon. Willard H., 274, 278;
    opinion of McLoughlin, 274-276.

  Regiments, 23, 274.

  Rekener, J., 205.

  Remick, William C., 204, 205.

  Revolution, Cromwellian, 100.

  Richmond, Dr. --, 188.

  Ricord, John (attorney), 107, 212-218, 220, 222, 223.

  Rivière du Loup (a parish), 22.

  Robb, J. R., 205.

  Robertson, James, 83.

  Rocky Mountains, 19, 20, 49, 53, 94, 97, 124, 162, 176, 177, 183, 185,
      200, 210, 259, 261, 265, 272, 275, 276 (_see also_ Stony
      Mountains).

  Rogue River Indians, 274.

  Rome (Italy), 161.

  Roosevelt, Theodore, _Winning of the West_, cited, 84.

  Roy, Charles, 205.

  Russell, --, 251.

  Russians, 201.

  St. Gregory the Great, Knight of, 161.

  St. Lawrence River, 22.

  Salem (Ore.), 56, 111, 113, 115, 119, 138, 159, 163.

  Salmon, 36, 43, 202.

  Sand Island, 35.

  Sandwich Islands, 29, 187, 189, 204, 220.

  San Francisco (Cal.), 25, 69, 135.

  Saratoga, battle of, 23.

  Savages, 26 (_see also_ Indians).

  Sawyer, --, 128.

  Schoolhouses, 30.

  Schools, 98, 99, 133, 192, 238 (_see also_ Seminary).

  Scotch, 182, 190.

  Scotland, 23, 24.

  Scott, Harvey W., 279.

  Seaside, 196, 197.

  Seminary, 238 (_see also_ Schools).

  Senate Document, 209.

  Senators, 70, 158, 274.

  Sevier, John, 83.

  Seymour, Admiral --, 68, 91.

  Shadden, Thomas J., 205.

  Shark (ship), 135.

  Shawnees (Indian tribe), 74.

  Sheep, 28.

  Shepard, Cyrus (teacher), 55.

  Ships, 33, 35, 36, 38, 45, 47, 48, 51, 58, 59, 61, 63, 68, 103, 105,
      113, 115, 135, 181, 182, 183, 186, 194, 195, 196, 222, 223, 258,
      267.

  Shortess petition, 104, 116-119, 148, 175-209, 210, 212, 253, 254.

  Shortess, Robert, 116, 119, 196, 204, 206, 208, 209, 211, 255.

  Simpson, Sir George, 90, 96, 270.

  Sitka (Alaska), 29.

  Skinner, A. A., 122.

  Slacum, --, 202.

  Slocum, W. A., 28.

  Smith, A. D., 205.

  Smith, Jedediah S. (furtrader), 33, 35, 36, 38, 74.

  Smith, Milton W., 209.

  Snake country, 47.

  Snake River, 27, 196.

  Snelling, Vincent, letter to McLoughlin, 262-264.

  Sonoma County (Cal.), 25.

  Spalding, Mrs. Henry H., 54.

  Spalding, Rev. Henry H., 54.

  Spies, 91, 97.

  Staats, Stephen, 82.

  Stanstead (Canada), 112.

  Stark, --, 222.

  Starrs, --, 222.

  _Statesman_, cited, 262.

  Stikeen (Fort), 24.

  Stony Mountains, 175, 176, 178, 180 (_see_ Rocky Mountains).

  Straits of Juan de Fuca, 193.

  Sublette, -- (furtrader), 33.

  Sue, Eugene, 254.

  Sumatra (a ship), 58.

  Superior (lake), 24.

  Surveyors, 224, 237, 251.

  Sutton, William C., 119, 205, 210.

  Sweet Water River, 185.

  Taxes, 67.

  Teachers, missionaries as, 193.

  Tennessee (state), 83.

  The Dalles, 69, 70, 72, 73, 77, 82, 91, 111, 197.

  Thing, Captain --, 182

  Thomas H. Perkins (American ship), 32, 194.

  Thomas, Captain --, 36.

  Thompson, L. S., 153.

  Thornton, J. Quinn, 247, 248, 254;
    _History of Provisional Government of Oregon_, cited, 61, 62, 276,
      277.

  Thurston (county), 170.

  Thurston, Samuel R., 119, 121, 122, 123, 229, 230, 231, 233, 234, 237,
      238, 239, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 256, 261, 262, 263;
    his letter, 123-140;
    protests against him, 137-140;
    acts approved, 139;
    acts not endorsed, 140;
    death, 144;
    career and death, 144-146;
    illtreats McLoughlin, 148, 149;
    false statements by, 152, 161;
    excerpts from speech, 210, 211, 246-256, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262.

  Timber, 201, 235, 236 (_see also_ Lumber).

  Tolmie, Dr. F. W., 236.

  Tongue Point (Ore.), 52.

  Tonner, A., 205.

  Tonquin (ship), 24, 285.

  Town, --, 128.

  Townsend, John K., _Narrative of a Journey across the Rocky
      Mountains_, cited, 49, 50.

  Trade and commerce, 95, 191, 192.

  Trade licenses, 177, 178, 179, 180.

  Traders, American, 33, 45-52, 81.

  Trading act, 177.

  Trading Companies, 95, 96, 176-179 (_see also_ Hudson's Bay Company,
      and Northwest Fur Company).

  Trading posts, 27, 28.

  Trappers, 191.

  Treaties, 19, 20, 21, 39, 68, 86, 87, 128, 129, 131, 141, 142, 216,
      253, 254 (_see also_ Conventions).

  Tualatin Plains, 203, 204, 210.

  Turner, John, 205.

  Turnham, Joel, 205.

  Typhus fever, 285, 286.

  Umpqua, 184.

  Umpqua River, 34, 35, 36.

  United States, 19, 20, 26, 28, 32, 33, 38, 39, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 71,
      72, 85, 88, 90, 95, 100, 101, 104, 105, 111, 112, 113, 120, 121,
      122, 123, 125, 128, 136, 143, 147, 148, 150, 151, 156, 157, 159,
      164, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 184, 185, 186, 189, 198, 201, 210,
      215, 216, 220, 221, 225, 227, 232, 233, 235, 239, 240, 248, 250,
      257, 260, 265, 266, 267, 274, 280, 282, 286.

  United States Senate, 104, 105, 119, 120, 202, 260.

  University of Oregon, 119, 141, 142, 143, 150, 160, 272, 278.

  Vancouver Barracks, 28.

  Vancouver (Fort), 24, 27-34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48,
      50, 51, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 67, 68, 70, 71, 72, 75, 76, 77,
      78, 79, 82, 89, 91, 92, 93, 95, 98, 99, 110, 113, 152, 170, 171,
      180, 181, 182, 183, 185, 190, 191, 195, 197, 199, 200, 201, 202,
      204, 206, 208, 236, 253, 255, 257, 258, 268, 275, 276, 281, 285.

  Vancouver Island, 24.

  Vancouver, Point, 28.

  Varney, Captain --, 32.

  Vavasour, Lieutenant and Captain --, 91, 94, 270.

  Venison, 43.

  Victor, Frances Fuller, 226, 270;
    _The River of the West_, cited, 97, 110, 219, 227, 271.

  Victoria (Queen of England), 131, 233, 250, 267.

  Virginia (state), 84.

  Waiilatpu (Wash.), 54.

  Wait, Aaron E., 247, 248, 254.

  Walahmette Valley, 78 (_see_ Willamette Valley).

  Walamet Valley, 269 (_see_ Willamette Valley).

  Walker, --, 55.

  Wallace, --, 222.

  Wallamatte River, 266 (_see_ Willamette River).

  Wallamet Falls, 104, 163, 219 (_see_ Willamette Falls).

  Wallamette River, 108, 115, 224 (_see_ Willamette River).

  Wallamette Valley, 265, 284 (_see_ Willamette Valley).

  Wallammette Falls Settlement, 213, 218 (_see_ Oregon City).

  Walla Walla (Wash.), 54, 77.

  Waller, Rev. Alvin F., 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 114, 115, 127,
      191, 205, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 223, 224,
      225, 226, 227, 236, 237.

  Wappatoo Island, 258.

  Warehouses, 109, 202.

  Warre, Captain --, 91, 270.

  Wars: 67, 157, 164.
    American Revolution, 20, 83;
    War of 1812, 20, 84;
    Indian, 27, 40, 84, 88, 145, 274, 277.

  Washington, D. C. (city), 21, 86, 104, 119, 123, 130, 150, 211, 219,
      222, 223, 234, 263, 276.

  Washington (state), 19, 54, 170, 211.

  Washougal (Wash.), 28.

  Watt, Joseph, _Recollections_, cited, 79, 281-283.

  Webster, Noah, 234.

  Wesleyan Church, 112.

  Wesleyan Missionary Society, 112, (_see also_ Missionaries, and
      Missions).

  _Western Star_, cited, 144, 262.

  West, Middle, 84.

  West Point (N. Y.), 227.

  Westport (Mo.), 58.

  Wheat, 28, 41, 42, 46, 49, 80, 118, 122, 200, 201, 202, 210, 232, 257,
      258, 263, 268, 280.

  White, Dr. Elijah (medical missionary), 58, 97, 104, 118, 136, 137,
      226, 227.

  Whitman, Dr. Marcus, 53, 54, 60, 73, 74, 167, 280.

  Whitman, Mrs. Marcus, 54.

  Whitman massacre, 27, 40, 74.

  Wilbraham (Mass.), 112.

  Wilkes, --, _Journal_, cited, 233.

  Wilkes, Commodore Charles, 29, 266, 267, 268;
      excerpts from his _Narrative_, 190-196.

  Wilkes, George, _History of Oregon_, cited, 75.

  Willamette, 130, 131, 205.

  Willamette Falls, 106, 111, 114, 117, 119, 136, 200, 202, 219, 235.

  Willamette Milling and Trading Companies, 141, 142.

  Willamette River, 28, 49, 52, 75, 102, 107, 114, 136, 181, 182, 183,
      185, 186, 192, 193, 199, 200, 230, 233, 236, 258, 286.

  Willamette Valley, 37, 39, 42, 44, 46, 55, 64, 70, 77, 88, 89, 102,
      103, 116, 136, 140, 191, 211, 232, 269.

  William and Ann (ship), 35, 38.

  William (Fort), 24, 47.

  Williams, R., 205.

  Willson, W. H., 205.

  Wilson, Albert E., 116, 206, 208, 209, 211.

  Wilson, E. C., 204.

  Winthrop, Robert C., 144, 256, 258, 260.

  Wrecks, 35, 45, 194, 196 (_see also_ Ships).

  Wyeth, Captain Nathaniel J., 32, 45, 46, 47, 49, 54, 57, 117, 144,
      181, 182, 183, 196, 199;
    _Journal_ cited, 45, 46, 47, 48;
    letters to, 256, 257, 260;
    letters by, 257-259, 260, 261.

  Wygant, Mrs. Theodore, 25.

  Wyoming (state), 20.

  Yakima (Indians), 274.

  Yatten, Joseph, 205.

  Yerba Buena, 25, 69 (_see_ San Francisco).

  Young, Ewing, 50, 51, 52, 64, 204.

  Young, Frederic G., 272, 279.

  Early Western Travels

  1748-1846

  _A SERIES OF ANNOTATED REPRINTS_ of some of the best and rarest
  contemporary volumes of Travel, descriptive of the Aborigines and
  Social and Economic Conditions in the Middle and Far West during the
  Period of Early American Settlement.

  COMPRISES THE FOLLOWING VOLUMES

     1--=Weiser's= Journal of a Tour to the Ohio in 1748. =Croghan's=
     Tours into the Western Country, 1750-1765. =Post's= Western
     Tours, 1758-59. =Morris's= Journal relative to his Thrilling
     Experiences on the Maumee in 1764.

     2--=Long's= Voyages and Travels of an Indian Interpreter and
     Trader, 1768-1782.

     3--=Michaux= (André) Travels into Kentucky in 1795-96. =Michaux=
     (F. A.) Travels to the West of the Alleghanies, 1802. =Harris's=
     Tour into the Territory Northwest of the Alleghanies, 1803.

     4--=Cuming's= Tour to the Western Country, etc., 1807-1809.

     5--=Bradbury's= Travels in the Interior of America, 1809-1811.

     6--=Brackenridge's= Voyage up the Missouri, 1811. =Franchere's=
     Voyage to the N. W. Coast, 1811-1814.

     7--=Ross's= Adventures of the First Settlers on the Oregon,
     1810-13.

     8--=Buttrick's= Voyages, Travels, and Discoveries, 1812-19.
     =Evans's= Tour of 4000 miles through Western States and
     Territories, 1818.

     9--=Flint's= Letters from America, 1818-1820.

     10--=Hulme's= Tour in the West (Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois),
     1818. =Flower's= Letters from Lexington and Illinois, 1819.
     =Flower's= Letters from Illinois, 1820-1821. =Woods's= Residence in
     English Prairie, Illinois, 1820-1821.

     11, 12--=Faux's= Tour to the United States, 1819-1820. =Welby's=
     Visit to North America and Illinois, 1819-1820.

     13--=Nuttall's= Travels into Arkansas Territory, 1819.

     14, 15, 16, 17--=S. H. Long's= Expedition from Pittsburg to the
     Rocky Mountains, 1819-1820.

     18--=Pattie's= Personal Narrative of Expedition from St. Louis to
     the Pacific, 1824-1827.

     19, 20--=Ogden's= Tour through the Western Country, 1821-1823.
     =Bullock's= Journey through Western States, 1827. =Gregg's=
     Commerce of the Prairies, 1831-1839.

     21--=Wyeth's= Journey from Atlantic to Pacific, 1832. =Townsend's=
     Journey across the Rockies to Columbia River, 1834.

     22, 23, 24, 25--=Maximilian, Prince of Wied-Neuwied's= Travels in
     the Interior of North America with folio Atlas, 1843.

     26, 27--=Flagg's= Far West, 1836-1837. =De Smet's= Letters and
     Sketches. Residence among Indian Tribes, 1841-1842.

     28, 29--=Farnham's= Travels in the Great Western Prairies, etc.,
     1839. =De Smet's= Oregon Missions and Travels, 1845-1846.

     30--=Palmer's= Travels over the Rocky Mountains, 1845-1846.

     31--Index to the Series.

  _Edited with Historical, Geographical, Ethnological, and
  Bibliographical Notes, and Introductions and Index, by_

  Reuben Gold Thwaites, LL. D.

  With facsimiles of the original title-pages, maps, portraits, views,
  etc. 31 volumes, large 8vo, cloth, uncut, gilt tops. Price, $4 net per
  volume (except the Atlas, which is $15 net).

  _An Elaborate Analytical Index to the Whole_

  Almost all the rare originals are unindexed. In the present reprint
  series, this immense mass of historical data will be made accessible
  through one exhaustive analytical index.

  EXTRACTS FROM A FEW OF THE REVIEWS

     _AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW_: "The books are handsomely bound
     and printed. The editing by Dr. Thwaites seems to have been
     done with his customary care and knowledge. There is no want of
     helpful annotations. =The books therefore are likely to be of
     more real value than the early prints from which they are
     taken.="

     _THE OUTLOOK_: "Dr. Thwaites is the best possible editor who
     could have been chosen for such a task."

     "The student of society, as well as the historian, can profit
     by the perusal of these travels;... they present, as is nowhere
     else so well presented, the picture of society in the making in
     the American back country."--FREDERICK J. TURNER in the _Dial_.

     _THE NATION_: "Thoroughly interesting, as well as historically
     valuable."

  _Full descriptive circulars giving the contents of each volume may he
  had on application._

  DOCUMENTARY HISTORY OF RECONSTRUCTION

  Political, Military, Social, Religious, Educational & Industrial 1865
  to the Present Time

  SELECTED AND EDITED BY
  WALTER L. FLEMING, Ph. D.
  PROFESSOR OF HISTORY IN WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY

  _Printed on a specially made paper, illustrated with facsimiles, two
  volumes, large 8vo, (about 900 pages), cloth, uncut, gilt tops. Price
  per set, $10.00 net._

  This work has been prepared in response to a demand on the part of
  students and thoughtful readers for an adequate collection of
  historical material which shall

     1st. _Present the original sources, which alone give the true
     contemporary conditions, and allow the reader to make his own
     interpretation of the facts._

     2nd. _Comprehend all phases of the progress and results of
     Reconstruction, social and economic, as well as political._

     3rd. _Exhibit not only the national aspects but also the local
     conditions of Reconstruction, in all the States._

  PROFESSOR FLEMING is recognized as one of the foremost authorities in
  the country on the Reconstruction Period. The excellence of his
  previous contributions on special topics in this field is sufficient
  guarantee of the value of the present comprehensive work.

     "It is certainly a most interesting and important
     plan."--WOODROW WILSON.

     "Every student ... will rejoice over this addition to his
     facilities for intelligent appreciation of the great interests
     involved in the sectional struggle of 1861-1865, and its
     aftermath."--_Chicago Evening Post._

     "I feel sure that your work will be of great interest and
     benefit to the future historian."--THOMAS NELSON PAGE.

  _Full descriptive circular and list of documents will be sent by the
  publishers on application._

Transcriber's Notes:

  Passages in italics are indicated by _italics_.

  Passages in bold are indicated by =bold=.

  Inconsistencies in spelling and hyphenation have been retained from
  the original.

  Obvious typographical errors in the original have been corrected as
  follows:

    Page  10: "Britian" changed to "Britain"
    Page  25: "McLouglin" changed to "McLoughlin"
    Page  68: "therefor" changed to "therefore"
    Page 254: "is" changed to "his"
    Page 295: "Memphregog" changed to "Memphremagog"

  Punctuation has been corrected without note.