1466 Herodot. v. 66.

 1467 Tac. _Hist._ iii. 32, tempus quoque mercatus ditem alioqui coloniam
      majore opum specie complebat.

 1468 Friedl. _Cena Trim. Einl._ p. 63.

 1469 Apul. _Met._ i. 5.

 1470 Momms. _Rom. Prov._ i. 74.

_ 1471 Or. Henz._ 178; Tac. _Hist._ iv. 5.

_ 1472 C.I.L._ ii. 2423.

_ 1473 Ib._ iii. 1500.

_ 1474 Ib._ x. 1634, 1579.

_ 1475 Ib._ iii. 365, 444, 455, 6051.

 1476 Suet. _Claud._ xviii.; cf. Merivale, vi. 126 sq.

 1477 Juv. xiv. 276.

 1478 Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ iv. 34.

_ 1479 Or. Henz._ 6111, 6835.

_ 1480 Ib._ 4109.

_ 1481 Ib._ 6414, 2211, 4095, 4100, 4096; _C.I.L._ x. 5928, 1493; iii.
      4045, 5678.

_ 1482 Or. Henz._ 2401.

_ 1483 C.I.L._ iv. 575, 581.

_ 1484 Or. Henz._ 4063, 4072, 4087, 7007.

_ 1485 Or. Henz._ 4243, 7205, 6950.

_ 1486 Ib._ 7007, 7254, 4110, 6950.

_ 1487 Ib._ 3655, 6029, 3178.

_ 1488 Ib._ 4093, 7206.

_ 1489 Ib._ 4105, 2619, 4113, 4112, 2625.

 1490 Boissier, _Rel. Rom._ ii. p. 286.

_ 1491 Dig._ L. 7.

 1492 Boissier, _Rel. Rom._ ii. 287.

_ 1493 Or. Henz._ 6302.

_ 1494 Ib._

_ 1495 C.I.L._ iii. 2, 6150.

_ 1496 Ib._ ii. 6004.

_ 1497 Or. Henz._ 2863, Hilara viva rogavit ut ossa sua in olla Midaes
      coicerentur cum mort. esset.

_ 1498 C.I.L._ iii. 6077, _v._ note.

_ 1499 Or. Henz._ 2386, 4938, 4123.

 1500 Such as that in _Or. Henz._ 6086.

_ 1501 Or. Henz._ 6010, Colleg. Capitolinorum, etc.; cf. Cic. _Ad Quint.
      Fratr._ ii. 5.

 1502 Rutil. Namat. i. 63.

_ 1503 Or. Henz. Ind._ p. 154 sqq.

_ 1504 Ib._ 4068, 4107.

_ 1505 Ib._ 6127, 7181, 7182, 3217, 4138 (_v._ Orelli’s note to this
      Inscription), 4071; _C.I.L._ x. p. 1163; iii. (2) p. 1180.

_ 1506 Or. Henz._ 2863, 7183, 5372.

_ 1507 Or._ 2417, ut ne plures adlegantur quam numerus s. s. etc.;
      _C.I.L._ ii. 1167, collegio hominum centum dumtaxet constituto. Cf.
      Plin. x. 33, where the coll. fabrorum is to be limited to 150.

 1508 Boissier, _Rel. Rom._ ii. 295.

_ 1509 Or. Henz._ 4055.

_ 1510 Ib._ 4054, 2417, 4056.

 1511 The ranks are mingled, however, in _Or._ 2394; _C.I.L._ iii. 633.

 1512 D. Cass. 60. 6, _τά τε καπελεῖα ἐς ἃ συνιόντες ἔπινον κατέλυσε,
      κτλ._

_ 1513 Or. Henz._ 4088, 3298, 2279, 3787, 4085.

_ 1514 Ib._ 2417, solarium tectum junctum in quo populus collegi s. s.
      epuletur.

_ 1515 Ib._ 4070.

_ 1516 Or. Henz._ 65, 900, 4088; cf. 4107, 4366.

_ 1517 Ib._ 2416, 4057.

_ 1518 Ib._ 4068.

_ 1519 Ib._ 2502.

_ 1520 Ib._ 2400, 4093.

_ 1521 C.I.L._ iii. 1, 633.

 1522 Marq. _Priv._ i. 203.

_ 1523 Or. Henz._ 4082, 4118.

_ 1524 Ib._ 4082, 194, 73, 4077, 6654, 4109, 4069; _C.I.L._ iii. 1, 1209,
      1497, 1051; x. 228; 1696; 3910.

_ 1525 Or. Henz._ 7007, 4109.

_ 1526 C.I.L._ iii. 1968; _Or. Henz._ 3927, 3321, 6275.

_ 1527 Or. Henz._ 4133.

_ 1528 Ib._ 7116, 3914, 3923, 4080, qui facultates suas coll. reliq.

_ 1529 Ib._ 4109; 194, 4069, 4071, 4094, 7194.

_ 1530 Ib._ 4109.

_ 1531 Ib._ 3724, honore usus impensam remisit; cf. 7011, 6992, 7190, so
      _passim_.

_ 1532 C.I.L._ ii. 2102.

_ 1533 Or. Henz._ 4371, 4070, 4400, 7365; cf. Marq. _Pr._ i. 370.

_ 1534 Or. Henz._ 4456 aediculae in quibus simulacra, etc., 4510, 4400
      area quae ante se est maceria cincta long. p. x̅l̅i̅i̅x̅., lat. p.
      x̅x̅x̅i̅x̅., 7365, 4337, 4070, 4085.

_ 1535 Ib._ 4366 ejusque mausolei claves duae penes aliquem libertorum
      meorum ... sint, 4637, 4353.

_ 1536 Ib._ 6206.

_ 1537 Ib._ 4366.

_ 1538 Or. Henz._ 3999, 4076, 4107, 4088.

_ 1539 Ib._ 3999.

_ 1540 Ib._ 6085.

_ 1541 Ib._ 7215 (A.D. 149).

 1542 Macrob. _Sat._ iii. 13, 11-13.

 1543 Boissier, _Rel. Rom._ ii. 319; Marq. _Pr._ i. 208; Hor. _Ep._ i. 14,
      21.

 1544 Momms. _De Colleg._ p. 109; cf. _Or._ 2385 (panem vinum et sportulas
      dedit), 3949.

_ 1545 Or. Henz._ 2417.

 1546 Fl. Apolloni Proc. Aug. qui fuit a pinacothecis.... Optimi piissimi,
      etc.

_ 1547 Or. Henz._ 6086, quisquis ex hoc collegio servus defunctus fuerit,
      etc.; cf. the composition of the club in _Or._ 2394.

_ 1548 Ib._ ut quieti et hilares diebus solemnibus epulemur, etc.

_ 1549 Or. Henz._ 4107.

 1550 S. Paul. Nol. _Carm._ xxvii. 547-585; S. Aug. _Ep._ 32; _Serm._ v.

_ 1551 De Coll._ p. 3.

_ 1552 Or. Henz._ 2417, 4055, 2392, 3774, 3815, 1485, 4134.

_ 1553 Ib._ 2417, Item viii K. Mart. die Karae cognationis eodem loco
      dividerent sportulas, etc.

_ 1554 Or. Henz._ 2399, 4073, 4093.

_ 1555 C.I.L._ i. 1406; ii. 5927.

 1556 Momms. _De Coll._ p. 102; Plin. _Ep._ viii. 16.

 1557 For the contempt for slaves in the fourth and fifth centuries, _v._
      S. Hieron. _Ep._ 54, § 5; Salv. _De Gub. Dei_, iv. 26. For humaner
      sentiment, cf. Macrob. _Sat._ i. 11, 12 sqq.; _C. Theod._ ix. 6, 2,
      3, vii. 13, 8; ix. 7, 4; ix. 9, 1; ix. 12, 1.

 1558 Plin. _Ep._ viii. 16, § 1; on the more humane feeling to slaves, cf.
      Sen. _Ep._ 47; _De Ira_, iii. 24, 32; _De Clem._ i. 18; _De Ben._
      iii. 18, 19, 20; Juv. xiv. 16; Spart. _Hadr._ c. 18; Wallon,
      _L’Esclav._ i. c. 11; Marq. _Pr._ i. 177.

 1559 Cagnat, _L’Armée Rom._ pp. 457 sqq.

 1560 Veget. ii. 20.

 1561 D. Cass. 65. 22; Capitol. _M. Ant._ c. 7; D. Cass. 73. 8; Cagnat, p.
      459; Marq. _Röm. St._ ii. pp. 136, 543.

 1562 Cf. Marcian ap. Momms. _De Coll._ p. 87, neve milites collegia in
      castris habeant.

 1563 Cagnat, p. 463.

_ 1564 C.I.L._ viii. 2552-7.

 1565 Cagnat, pp. 467, 540; cf. Boissier, _L’Afr. Rom._ p. 111. _C.I.L._
      viii. 2554, optiones scholam suam cum statuis et imaginibus domus
      div. ex largissimis stipendiis ... fecerunt, etc.

_ 1566 C.I.L._ viii. 2552, 3, 4; 2557, iii. 3524; _Henz._ 6790; Cagnat, p.
      472; Marq. _Röm. St._ ii. 544.

 1567 Cagnat, p. 474.

 1568 The Cornicines of the 3rd Legion at Lambesi paid an entrance fee of
      750 denarii (_Scamnari nomine_). The anularium on retirement, and
      the funeraticium, were each 500 _denarii_. It would seem that there
      must have been a considerable surplus. _C.I.L._ viii. 2557.

_ 1569 Or. Henz._ 6086, universi consentire debemus ut longo tempore
      inveterescere possimus; cf. 4357, 4360, 4366, 4386, 4395.

 1570 The diptych, which has been singularly preserved, was found in a
      deserted mine or quarry about 1780, along with some other private
      documents of a commercial character; _v._ _C.I.L._ iii. p. 213, and
      921. The dates range from 131 to 167 A.D. Cf. _Or. Henz._ 6087;
      Schiller, _Gesch. der röm. Kaiserzeit_, i. 2, p. 643.

 1571 See Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 1, 13, 14, Jener dualistische
      Idealismus, welchen Plato begründet, und auch Aristoteles nicht
      grundsätzlich überwunden hatte, führt in letzter Beziehung auf
      nichts anderes zurück, als auf den Gegensatz des Inneren und
      Aeusseren des Denkens und der gegenständlichen Welt.... Es war nur
      ein Schritt weiter in dieser Richtung, wenn die nacharistotelische
      Philosophie den Menschen in grundsätzlicher Abkehr von der
      Aussenwelt auf sich selbst wies, um in seinem Innern die
      Befriedigung zu suchen, etc.

 1572 See Luc. _Eun._ c. 3, _συντέτακται ἐκ βασιλέως μισθοφορά τις οὐ
      φαύλη κατὰ γένη τοῖς φιλοσόφοις, Στοϊκοῖς λέγω, κτλ._ Cf. Capitol.
      _M. Ant._ c. 3; Philostr. _Apoll._ T. i. 7, § 8.

 1573 Zeller, iii, 1, 16.

_ 1574 Ib._ 493-5; Überweg, _Hist. of Phil._ i. 220; Cic. _De Nat. Deor._
      i. c. 17; _De Fin._ i. c. 9.

 1575 Bussell, _School of Plato_, p. 264; Zeller, iii. 1; p. 8, 9.

 1576 On pessimism in the reign of Augustus, _v._ Boissier, _Rel. Rom._ i.
      p. 241. Cf. Sen. _De Ira_, ii. 8; _De Ben._ i. 10; _Ad Marc._ 20,
      22; Tac. _Hist._ ii. 37; Petron. 88.

 1577 Cf. Epict. iii. 13, §§ 9, 10, where the contrast between the “pax
      Romana” and moral unrest is drawn.

 1578 Zeller, iii. 1, pp. 12, 14, cf. Baur, _Ch. Hist._ i. p. 14 (Tr.).

 1579 Cic. _Tusc._ iii 3, est profecto animi medicina philosophia, Sen.
      _Ep._ 22, vena tangenda est; _Ep._ 53, Epict. iii. 23, § 30,
      _ἰατρεῖόν ἐστι τὸ τοῦ φιλοσόφου σχολεῖον_.

 1580 Sen. _Ep._ 94, § 5, § 22.

_ 1581 Ep._ 64, § 8.

 1582 Plut. _De Rect. Rat. Aud._ c. 8; Epict. iii. 23, § 23.

 1583 Plut. _De Rect. Rat. Aud._ c. 12.

 1584 Plut. (?) _De Lib. Ed._ c. 14.

 1585 Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 1, 487; Plut. _Aemil. P._ c. vi.;
      Plin. _H. N._ xxxv. 135; Polyb. xxxii. 10. But cf. Mahaffy on
      Zeller’s view, in _Greek World under Roman Sway_, p. 67.

 1586 Sen. _Ad Marc._ 4.

 1587 Luc. _De Merc. Cond._ 2, 4, 25.

 1588 Tac. _Ann._ xiv. 16, etiam sapientiae doctoribus tempus impertiebat
      post epulas, utque contraria adseverantium discordia frueretur;
      Spart. _Hadr._ 15.

 1589 Sen. _De Tranq._ xiv. § 7.

 1590 Tac. _Ann._ xvi. 34.

 1591 Zeller, iii. 1, 656, 663.

 1592 Epict. iii. 23, §§ 24-34; i. 4, § 9, _οὗτος, φησίν, ἤδη δι’ αὐτοῦ
      δύναται Χρύσιππον ἀναγιγνώσκειν. Εὖ, νὴ τοὺς θεούς, προκόπτεις
      ἄνθρωπε. Ποίαν προκοπήν;_

 1593 Tertull. _De An._ c. 20, Seneca saepe noster; S. Hieron. _Adv.
      Jovin._ i. 49.

 1594 S. Hieron, _Adv. Jovin._ i. 29; _De Scrip. Eccl._ 12; S. Aug. _Ep._
      153, cujus etiam ad Paulum apostolum leguntur epistolae.

 1595 The worst about Seneca is collected in D. Cass. 61. 10. But cf. the
      attack of P. Suillius, Tac. _Ann._ xiii. 42 and xiv. 52.

 1596 Sen. _Ad Helv._ xix. § 2.

 1597 Sen. _Ep._ 108, §§ 13-17.

_ 1598 Ep._ 108, § 22. He abandoned Pythagorean abstinence, as suspicious,
      during the persecution of eastern cults; cf. Suet. _Tib._ 36.

 1599 D. Cass. 59. 19.

_ 1600 Ib._ 60. 8; 61. 10; Tac. _Ann._ xiii. 42, schol. Juv. v. 109.

 1601 D. Cass. 61. 4; Tac. _Ann._ xiii. 2. Dion suggests an intrigue with
      Agrippina, 61. 10.

 1602 Sen. _De Clem._ i. 5, 8.

 1603 Tac. _Ann._ xiii. 2, quo facilius ... voluptatibus concessis
      retinerent, etc.

_ 1604 Ib._ xiii. 42; D. Cass. 61. 10.

 1605 Tac. _Ann._ xiv. 52, mors Burri infregit Senecae potentiam, etc.

 1606 Tac. _Ann._ xiv. 54.

_ 1607 Ib._ xv. 56 sqq.

 1608 Sen. _Ep._ 55; _De Tranq._ 1 and 2.

 1609 Sen. _Ep._ 108, §§ 17-22.

 1610 Cf. Baur, _Ch. Hist._ i. p. 16 (Tr.).

 1611 D. Cass. 61. 10.

 1612 Tac. _Ann._ xiii. 13; xiv. 7; and 11, sed Seneca adverso rumore
      erat, quod oratione tali confessionem scripsisset.

 1613 Sen. _Ep._ 77, § 16, ecquid habes propter quod expectes? Voluptates
      ipsas quae te morantur consumpsisti.... Nihil tibi luxuria tua in
      futuros annos reservavit intactum: cf. _Ep._ 89, § 21; 90, § 42.

_ 1614 De Ira_, ii. 8.

_ 1615 Ep._ 90, §§ 38-41.

_ 1616 Ep._ 49, § 5, non vaco ad istas ineptias: ingens negotium in
      manibus est; _Ep._ 75, § 5, non delectent, verba nostra, sed prosint
      ... non quaerit aeger medicum eloquentem; _Ep._ 88, § 36, plus scire
      quam sit satis, intemperantiae genus est. Cf. _Ep._ 71, § 6.

_ 1617 Ep._ 89, § 8, nec philosophia sine virtute est, nec sine
      philosophia virtus.

_ 1618 Ep._ 66, § 12.

_ 1619 Ep._ 89, § 13; 117, §§ 30, 31.

_ 1620 Ep._ 48, § 8; 75, § 6.

_ 1621 Ep._ 64, § 3; 58, § 26.

_ 1622 De Vita B._ xiii, where he defends Epicurus.

_ 1623 Ep._ 64, § 8.

_ 1624 Ep._ 88, § 37, § 20.

_ 1625 Ep._ 88, § 2, unum studium vere liberale est quod liberum facit,
      etc.

_ 1626 Ib._ § 39; cf. _Ep._ 88.

_ 1627 Ep._ 89; 66, § 33; 58, § 8.

_ 1628 Ib._ 71, § 6, erige te et relinque istum ludum literarium
      philosophorum qui rem magnificam ad syllabas vocant, etc.

 1629 Teuffel, ii. § 284, n. 6; cf. Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 1, p.
      623.

 1630 Zeller, iii. 1, p. 56.

_ 1631 Ep._ 117, § 19; _Nat. Quaest. Prol._; _Ep._ 65, § 15; cf. Zeller,
      iii. 1. 622.

_ 1632 Nat. Quaest._ v. 15; cf. _Ep._ 88, § 15.

_ 1633 Nat. Quaest. Prol._ § 11, formicarum iste discursus est in augusto
      laborantium.... Punctum est istud in quo navigatis, in quo bellatis;
      Sursum ingentia spatia sunt, etc.; cf. Macrob. _Som. Scip._ i. 16, §
      6.

 1634 Sen. _Ep._ 73, § 13, sic deus non vincit sapientem felicitate
      etiamsi vincit aetate.

 1635 Cf. Pl. _Phaed._ 79 D; Arist. _Eth._ ix 8, § 7.

_ 1636 Ep._ 102, § 26, dies iste, quem tanquam extremum reformidas,
      aeterni natalis est ... discutietur ista caligo et lux undique clara
      percutiet ... nulla serenum umbra turbabit. Cf. _De Imit._ iii. 48,
      § 1, O supernae civitatis mansio beatissima! O dies aeternitatis
      clarissima, quam nox non obscurat, sed summa Veritas semper
      irradiat! Lucet quidem Sanctis perpetua claritate splendida, sed non
      nisi a longe et per speculum peregrinantibus in terra.

_ 1637 Nat. Quaest._ iii. Praef., non praeterit me quam magnarum rerum
      fundamenta ponam senex.

_ 1638 Ib._ ii. 59, § 2.

_ 1639 Ib._ iii, § 18.

_ 1640 Ib._ i. 17, § 8, An tu existimas auro inditum habuisse Scipionis
      filias speculum cum illis dos fuisset aes grave?

_ 1641 Nat. Quaest._ ii. 59, § 3.

_ 1642 Ib._ iii. 1, § 1.

_ 1643 Ib._ vi. 32.

_ 1644 Ib._ vii. 30, § 1.

_ 1645 Ib._ vii. 30, § 3, quam multa praeter hos per secretum eunt nunquam
      humanis oculis orientia?

_ 1646 Ib._ § 5, multa venientis aevi populus ignota nobis sciet, multa
      saeculis tunc futuris, cum memoria nostra exoleverit, reservantur.

_ 1647 Ib._ vii. 31.

_ 1648 De Benef._ i. 10.

 1649 Sen. _De Ira_, ii. 8, 9; _Ad Marc._ ii. 11, 17, 20; Tac. _Hist._ ii.
      37; Petron. _Sat._ 88; M. Aurel. v. 33; v. 10.

 1650 Sen. _Ep._ 77, § 6; 24, § 25; 89, § 21; 95, § 16; _De Tranq._ c. i.

_ 1651 Ep._ 48, § 8.

_ 1652 Ep._ 71, § 27; 94, § 50; _Ad Marc._ 24, § 5; _Ep._ 79, § 12, tunc
      animus noster habebit quod gratuletur sibi, cum emissus his
      tenebris, in quibus volutatur, non tenui visu clara perspexerit ...
      et caelo redditus suo fuerit; Zeller, iii. i. 637.

_ 1653 Ep._ 79, § 12; 102, § 22, per has mortalis aevi moras illi meliori
      vitae longiorique proluditur, §§ 26, 28; _Ep._ 73, § 15, Deus ad
      homines venit, etc. But cf. Zeller, iii. 1, 650; and for a different
      view, Burgmann, _Seneca’s Theologie in ihrem Verhältn. zum
      Stoicismus_, etc. pp. 20-32. That Burgmann’s is the truer view
      appears from Sen. _Ep._ 95, § 49; 65, § 9; _De Clem._ i. 5, § 7; _De
      Benef._ ii. 29, § 4; _De Prov._ v. 10; _De Ira_, ii. 28, § 1; _Ep._
      41, § 2.

_ 1654 Ep._ 95, § 10.

_ 1655 Ib._ § 57, rursus voluntas non erit recta nisi habitus animi rectus
      fuerit, etc.

_ 1656 De Vit. Beat._ xii. § 4, nec aestimant, voluptas illa Epicuri quam
      sobria et sicca sit, sed ad nomen ipsum advolant quaerentes
      libidinibus suis patrocinium aliquod ac velamentum. Cf. _Ep._ 18, §
      14; 16, § 7; 22, § 13; 28, § 9.

_ 1657 Ad Helv._ viii. § 3, quisquis formator universi fuit, sive ille
      deus est potens omnium, sive incorporalis ratio ingentium operum
      artifex, sive divinus spiritus per omnia aequali intentione
      diffusus, sive fatum et immutabilis causarum inter se cohaerentium
      series. Cf. _N. Quaest._ ii. 45, § 2.

_ 1658 Ep._ 71, § 14.

_ 1659 Ep._ 57, § 8; 66, § 12; 117, § 2.

 1660 Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 1, 122; cf. _Nat. Quaest._ ii. 45,
      § 2.

_ 1661 De Prov._ i. ii. § 6; _De Ira_, ii. 27; _De Benef._ ii. 29; _Ep._
      73, § 16.

_ 1662 Ep._ 57, § 8, animus qui ex tenuissimo constat, deprehendi non
      potest, etc.

 1663 Burgmann, _Seneca’s Theologie_, p. 41.

_ 1664 Ep._ 65, § 24, quem in hoc mundo deus obtinet, hunc in homine
      animus.

 1665 Pl. _Phaed._ 83 C, D; 79 B; D; cf. Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii.
      183; iii. 2, p. 634; Sen. _Ep._ 71, § 27.

_ 1666 Nat. Quaest._ iii. 30, § 8, sed illis quoque innocentia non
      durabit—cito nequitia subrepit.

_ 1667 Ep._ 120, § 14; 65, § 16, nam corpus hoc animi pondus ac poena est;
      premente illo urgetur, in vinculis est, etc. _Ad Polyb._ ix. § 6,
      omnis vita supplicium est; _Ad Marc._ xx. § 2.

_ 1668 Ib._ 22, § 3.

_ 1669 Ep._ 24, § 18, mors nos aut consumit aut eximit; _Ep._ 36, § 10;
      102, § 23; _De Prov._ vi. § 6; _Ad Marc._ 25, § 1; _ib._ 19, § 5;
      20, § 2, quae efficit ut nasci non sit supplicium; cf. Epict. ii. 1;
      iii. 10; iii. 13; iv. 1; M. Aurel. viii. 18; vi. 28; iii. 3; ix. 3.

_ 1670 Ep._ 53, § 11, est aliquid quo sapiens antecedat deum; cf. _Ep._
      59, § 16, talis est sapientis animus, qualis mundus super lunam;
      semper illic serenum est; 72, § 8.

_ 1671 Ep._ 74, § 1; 62, § 3, brevissima ad divitias per contemptum
      divitiarum via est; 59, § 14.

_ 1672 Ep._ 74, §§ 6-12; cf. M. Aurel. v. 15, _νῦν δὲ ὅσῳ περ πλείω τις
      ἀφαιρῶν ἑαυτοῦ τούτων ἢ καὶ ἀφαιρούμενός τι τούτων ἀνέχηται, τοσῷδε
      μᾶλλον ἀγαθός ἐστι_: Epict. ii. 16, § 18; iii. 3, § 14.

 1673 Sen. _Ep._ 31, § 10; 74, § 14 aut ista bona non sunt, quae vocantur,
      aut homo felicior deo est, etc.

_ 1674 Ep._ 67, § 14.

_ 1675 Ep._ 66, § 12, ratio autem nihil aliud est quam in corpus humanum
      pars divini spiritus mersa.

_ 1676 Nat. Quaest._ ii. 36; _De Prov._ 5, § 8, eadem necessitate et deos
      adligat ... ille ipse omnium conditor scripsit quidem fata, sed
      sequitur; semper paret, semel jussit.

_ 1677 Ep._ 95, § 57; cf. 116, § 7, satis natura dedit roboris si illo
      utamur.

_ 1678 Ep._ 73, § 15, non sunt di fastidiosi: adscendentibus manum
      porrigunt; _Ep._ 83, § 1, nihil deo clusum est; _Ep._ 43, § 5, O te
      miserum si contemnis hunc testem.

_ 1679 Ep._, 90, § 38 sqq. avaritia omnia fecit aliena et in angustum ex
      immenso redacta paupertatem intulit, et multa concupiscendo omnia
      amisit.

_ 1680 Ib._ § 46, non fuere sapientes;... ignorantia rerum innocentes
      erant.

 1681 Sen. _Ep._ 66, § 13 sqq.; 113, § 14, Cic. _Tusc._ iv. 15, 34; Plut.
      _Virt. Mor._ c. 2; Zeller, iii. 1, p. 224.

 1682 Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 1, p. 235; Plut. _De Prof. in
      Virt._ i. _ὥστε τὸν πρωΐ κάκιστον ἑσπέρας γεγονέναι κράτιστον κτλ._;
      _Adv. St._ c. x.; cf. Sen. _Ep._ 76, § 19.

 1683 Hor. _Sat._ i. 3, 124; Sen. _Ep._ i. 1, 106; cf. _Ep._ 73, § 13;
      Aelian, _Var. Hist._ iv. 13; Luc. _Vit. Auct._ c. 20, _μόνος οὗτος
      σοφός, μόνος καλός, μόνος ανδρεῖος βασιλεὺς ῥήτωρ, κτλ._

 1684 Sen. _De Benef._ i. 10, § 1, hoc majores nostri questi sunt, hoc nos
      querimur, hoc posteri nostri querentur, eversos mores regnare
      nequitiam, in deterius res humanas labi. Cf. _Ad Polyb._ c. iv.

_ 1685 De Ira_, ii. 8, § 1, istic tantumdem esse vitiorum quantum hominum.

 1686 Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 1, p. 637; cf. p. 249. Cf. Martha,
      _Mor. sous l’Emp._ p. 62. On Seneca’s relation to the old Stoic
      theology, _v._ Burgmann, _Seneca’s Theologie_, p. 42 sq.

 1687 Sen. _De Vit. Beat._ c. 22.

_ 1688 Ep._ 74, § 17; 87, § 29 sq.: _De Ben._ v. 13, § 1 sq.; Zeller, iii.
      1, p. 638.

_ 1689 εὐπάθειαι_, cf. _De Brev. Vit._ xiv. § 2; _De Ira_, ii. 2-4;
      Zeller, iii. 1, p. 216.

_ 1690 De Tranq._ vii. § 4, ubi enim istum invenies quem tot seculis
      quaerimus? Pro optimo est minime malus. _Ep._ 42, § 1.

_ 1691 Ep._ 90, § 44 sqq.

_ 1692 Ep._ 72, §§ 6-11.

_ 1693 Ep._ 75, § 8 sqq.

_ 1694 Ep._ 72, § 8 sapiens laetitia fruitur maxima, continua, sua.

_ 1695 Ep._ 57, § 3, non de me loquor, qui multum ab homine tolerabili,
      nedum a perfecto absum: cf. _Ep._ 89, § 2.

_ 1696 Ad Polyb._ ii. § 1; _Ep._ 53, § 4; 56 §§ 1-3.

_ 1697 Ep._ 24; esp. § 14.

_ 1698 Ep._ 53, § 7, quo quis pejus se habet, minus sentit.

_ 1699 Ep._ 94, §§ 55, 56.

_ 1700 Ep._ 112, vitia sua et amat simul et odit.

_ 1701 Ep._ 29.

_ 1702 Ep._ 28, § 1.

_ 1703 Ep._ 13, § 4 sq.; _Ep._ 24, § 11.

_ 1704 Ep._ 117, § 31; 75, § 6.

_ 1705 Ep._ 13, § 17, quid est turpius quam senex vivere incipiens?

_ 1706 Ep._ 24.

_ 1707 Ep._ 95, § 49.

_ 1708 Ep._ 94, § 5, digiti puerorum tenentur et aliena manu per literarum
      simulacra ducuntur.

_ 1709 Ep._ 11, § 8; Plut. _De Pr. Virt._ xv.

_ 1710 Ep._ 25, § 1.

 1711 S. Hieron. _Ep._ 127, §§ 5-7; _Ep._ 118, § 5; Sulp. _Sev._ ii. 13, §
      7.

 1712 Sen. _Ep._ 36, § 1, illum objurgant quod umbram et otium petierit;
      _Ep._ 123, § 15, illos quoque nocere nobis existimo, qui nos sub
      specie Stoicae sectae hortantur ad vitia: hoc enim jactant solum
      sapientem et doctum esse amatorem.

 1713 Sen. _Ep._ 123, § 10. Cf. _Inscr. Or. Henz._ 4806, 4807, 4816.

_ 1714 De Tranq._ i.

_ 1715 Ib._ i. §§ 13-15, nec aegroto nec valeo;... In omnibus rebus haec
      me sequitur bonae mentis infirmitas. _Ib._ § 17, rogo, si quod habes
      remedium quo hanc fluctuationem meam sistam, dignum me putes qui
      tibi tranquillitatem debeam.

_ 1716 Ep._ 7, § 8; 19, § 2.

_ 1717 Ep._ 68, ipsum otium absconde; jactandi autem genus est nimis
      latere.

_ 1718 Ep._ 43, § 4; cf. 83, § 1; 10, § 2, mecum loquor ... cave ne cum
      homine malo loquaris.

_ 1719 Ep._ 10, § 5, turpissima vota dis insusurrant; cf. Pers. _Sat._ ii.
      7-18; Sen. _Ep._ 41, § 1.

_ 1720 Ep._ 11, § 8; 104, § 21, vive cum Chrysippo, cum Posidonio.

_ 1721 Ep._ 6, § 1; _Ep._ 28; _Ep._ 50, § 4; Plut. _De Prof. in Virt._ c.
      xi. _τὸ πάθος λέγειν καὶ τὴν μοχθηρίαν ἀποκαλύπτειν οὐ φαῦλον ἂν εἴη
      προκοπῆς σημεῖον_.

_ 1722 De Ira_, iii. 36, § 3.

_ 1723 Ep._ 32, § 2, in tanta brevitate vitae quam breviorem inconstantia
      facimus, etc.; _Ep._ 99, § 11, intelleges etiam in longissima vita
      minimum esse quod vivitur.

_ 1724 Ep._ 56, § 15; 51, § 5.

_ 1725 Ep._ 51, § 4; 104, § 20, si vis peregrinationes habere jucundas,
      tuum comitem sana.

_ 1726 Ep._ 17, § 5; 18, § 8; _Ep._ 87, § 1; cf. Martha, p. 42.

_ 1727 Ep._ 96, § 5.

_ 1728 Ep._ 78, § 16, 4, nos quoque evincamus omnia, quorum praemium non
      corona nec palma est, etc.

_ 1729 De Vit. Beat._ vii. § 4; _Ep._ 83, § 27.

_ 1730 Ep._ 37.

_ 1731 Ep._ 96; 98, §§ 2, 7.

_ 1732 De Prov._ iii. § 4.

_ 1733 Ep._ 24, § 13, rebus persona demenda est.

_ 1734 Ib._ § 18; cf. _Ep._ 36, § 10; _Ep._ 30, § 17; _Ep._ 58, § 27; cf.
      Epict. ii. 1.

_ 1735 De Prov._ vi. § 6; _Ad Marc._ 25; _Ep._ 102, §§ 23-26, Per has
      mortalis aevi moras illi meliori vitae longiorique proluditur.

_ 1736 Ep._ 24, § 11.

_ 1737 Ep._ 24, § 20; _Ep._ 36.

_ 1738 Ep._ 93, § 2, longa est vita si plena est; cf. 101, § 10, singulos
      dies singulas vitas puta.

_ 1739 De Brev. Vit._ viii. § 1.

_ 1740 Ib._ x.

_ 1741 Ib._ ix. § 4, pueriles adhuc animos senectus opprimit.

 1742 Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 1, p. 329, der Stoiker ist zu
      gebildet ... um den Werth der wissenschaftlichen Weltbetrachtung zu
      verkennen.

 1743 Cf. Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 1, p. 277, die Philosophie
      immer nur die geschichtlich vorhandenen Zustände abspiegele.

 1744 Burgmann, _Seneca’s Theologie_, p. 26.

_ 1745 Ep._ 109, § 10; 9, § 15.

_ 1746 De Otio_, iv.; _Ep._ 68, § 2; cf. S. Aug. _De Civ. Dei_, xi. 1.

 1747 Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 1, p. 274; Stob. _Flor._ 45, 29;
      Sen. _Ep._ 29, § 11.

_ 1748 Ep._ 19, § 6, subduc cervicem jugo tritam.

_ 1749 De Otio_, iii. § 2, accedet ad rempublicam nisi si quid impedierit.

_ 1750 Ib._ viii. § 1, interrogo ad quam rempublicam sapiens sit
      accessurus, ad Athenas in qua Socrates damnatur, etc.; cf. Diog.
      Laert. v. 1.

_ 1751 Ib._ vii. § 131.

 1752 Sen. _Ep._ 9, § 13.

_ 1753 Ep._ 109, § 3 sqq.

 1754 Epict. _Diss._ iii. 22, § 69.

 1755 Epict. _Diss._ i. 9, § 1 sqq. _ἢ τὸ τοῦ Σωκράτους, μηδέποτε πρὸς τὸν
      πυθόμενον, ποδαπός ἐστι, εἰπεῖν ὅτι Ἀθηναῖος ἢ Κορίνθιος, ἀλλ’ ὅτι
      Κόσμος_.

 1756 M. Aurel. iii. 11; vi. 44, _πόλις καὶ πατρὶς ὡς μὲν Ἀντωνίνῳ μοι ἡ
      Ῥώμη, ὡς δὲ ἀνθρώπῳ ὁ Κόσμος_.

 1757 Sen. _Ep._ 95, § 52; cf. M. Aurel. iv. 4, _ὁ κόσμος ὡσανεὶ πόλις
      ἐστί_: Epict. _Diss._ i. 13, § 3; Cic. _De Leg._ i. 7, 23, ut jam
      universus hic mundus una civitas sit communis deorum atque hominum
      existimanda.

 1758 Sen. _Ep._ 47, § 2, alteri vivas oportet, si vis tibi vivere; _Ep._
      55, non sibi vivit qui nemini.

_ 1759 De Otio_, iii. § 5.

_ 1760 De Benef._ iv. 18, § 2, nudum et infirmum societas munit.

_ 1761 De Ira_, i. 5, § 2.

_ 1762 De Ira_, ii. 10, § 5 sqq.

_ 1763 Ib._ ii. 8 and 9; _Ep._ 90, § 9 sqq.; _N. Quaest._ v. 15.

_ 1764 Ib._ ii. 10, §§ 6-8.

_ 1765 De Clem._ i. 6, § 3, peccavimus omnes.

_ 1766 De Ira_, ii. 28, § 8, aliena vitia in oculis habemus, a tergo
      nostra sunt.

_ 1767 De Ben._ iv. 4 and 5; iv. 28; _De Ira_, iii. 26.

_ 1768 De Ira_, ii. 28.

_ 1769 Ib._ iii. 5, ingens animus et verus aestimator sui non vindicat
      injuriam quia non sentit.... Ultio doloris confessio est.

_ 1770 Ib._ iii. 6.

_ 1771 Ep._ 65, § 24; _Ad Helv._ viii. § 3; _Ep._ 41, § 2; _De Ben._ iv. 4
      and 7; _Ep._ 10, § 5, sic vive tamquam deus videat; Siedler, _De
      Sen. Phil. Mor._ p. 14; Burgmann, _Seneca’s Theologie_, p. 32.

_ 1772 De Prov._ vi. § 6, hoc est quo deum antecedatis.

_ 1773 De Ira_, iii. 26; _De Ben._ i. 10.

_ 1774 De Ben._ vii. 28, § 2.

_ 1775 De Ira_, iii. 26; ii. 28; ii. 31.

_ 1776 De Ben._ iii. 28, unus omnium parens mundus est. Cf. _Ep._ 47; _De
      Ira_, iii. 24; iii. 35; _De Clem._ i. 18.

_ 1777 De Ben._ iii. 18.

_ 1778 De Ben._ iii. 19 and 26; cf. Macrob. _Sat._ i. 11, § 16.

_ 1779 De Ben._ iii. 20, interior illa pars mancipio dari non potest.

_ 1780 Ad Helv._ xvi. § 3; _Ep._ 95, § 21, libidine vero ne maribus quidem
      cedunt.

_ 1781 Ad Helv._ xix. § 2, § 6; Marcia’s husband, probably Vitrasius
      Pollio, was governor of Egypt.—Teuffel, _R. Lit._ § 282, 1.

_ 1782 Ad Helv._ xv.-xvii. § 3.

_ 1783 Ad Marc._ xvi. par illis, mihi crede, vigor, etc.

 1784 Tac. _Ann._ xv. 63, 64; Sen. _Ep._ 104, §§ 1-6.

_ 1785 De Ben._ iii. 28; iii. 20.

_ 1786 Ad Polyb._ xii. xiii. § 4; D. Cass. lxi. 10; Tac. _Ann._ xiii. 42.

_ 1787 Ep._ 94, § 73, quae aliis excelsa videntur, ipsis praerupta sunt.

_ 1788 De Otio_, iv. duas respublicas animo complectamur, etc.

 1789 Sen. _Frag._ ap. Aug. _De Civ. Dei_, vi. 10; _Ep._ 41, § 1, non sunt
      ad caelum elevandae manus, nec exorandus aedituus, ut nos ad aurem
      simulacri quasi magis exaudiri possimus admittat.

 1790 Sen. _Ad Polyb._ iv.

_ 1791 De Brev. Vit._ xv. § 3 sq.

 1792 Sen. _Ep._ 77, § 6, cogita quamdiu jam idem facias: cibus, somnus,
      libido; per hunc circulum curritur; _Ep._ 24, § 25, quosdam subit
      eadem faciendi videndique satietas; _Ep._ 89, § 21; 95, § 20; 13, §
      4; 24, §§ 11-14; 91, § 5, 6; _De Tranq._ ii. § 13; x. § 5, 6.

 1793 Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 1, pp. 46, 47; cf. Sen. _Ep._ 88, §
      20; 117, § 20.

 1794 Sen. _Ep._ 48, § 8, omnes undique ad te manus tendunt, etc.

 1795 M. Aurel. ix. 34; v. 33, _γυμνὰ νόμιζε βλέπειν τὰ ψυχάρια αὐτῶν. ὅτε
      δοκοῦσι βλάπτειν ψέγοντες ἢ ὠφελεῖν ἐξυμνοῦντες, ὅση οἴησις; ... καὶ
      κυνίδια διακναιόμενα καὶ παιδία φιλόνεικα, γελῶντα, εἶτα εὐθὺς
      κλαίοντα. Πίστις δὲ καὶ αἰδὼς καὶ δίκη καὶ ἀλήθεια πρὸς Ὄλυμπον ἀπὸ
      χθονὸς εὐρυοδείης._ Petron. _Sat._ 88; Sen. _De Ira_, ii. 8; D.
      Chrys. xiii. § 13, 33; vii. 133.

 1796 Pers. ii. 4 sqq.; cf. Herod. vi. 86; Luc. _Icaromen._ 25.

 1797 Bernays, _Lucian und die Kyniker_, p. 34.

_ 1798 v._ p. 231 of this work. Yet cf. Luc. _Somn. seu Gallus_, 22, _οἱ
      δὲ πλούσιοι φρίττουσι καὶ διανομαῖς ἱλάσκονταί σε κτλ._

 1799 Croiset, _Lucien_, p. 164, il a subi fortement leur influence en
      écrivant les _Dialogues des morts_.

 1800 Luc. _Menip._ c. 21.

 1801 Luc. _Vit. Auct._ 11; _Traj._ 24; _Dial. Mort._ x. 9.

 1802 Cf. Luc. _Char._ 15, 20; _Dial. Mort._ i. 3; _Somn._ 21.

 1803 Luc. _Traj._ 15; _Necyom._ 12.

_ 1804 Traj._ 19; _Cyn._ 7; _Menip._ 11, _χωρὶς δὲ οἵ τε πλούσιοι
      προσῄεσαν ὠχροί κτλ._ Cf. _Somn._ 14, 15, _οἱ δὲ (πλούσιοι) εὖ ἴσθι
      πολὺ ὑμῶν ἀθλιώτερον τὸν βίον βιοῦσι_, cf. 22.

_ 1805 Char._ 23, _ἀποθνήσκουσι γάρ, ὦ πορθμεῦ, καὶ πόλεις ὥσπερ
      ἄνθρωποι_.

 1806 As in _Icaromen._ 15; _Char._ 17.

_ 1807 Char._ 3; cf. a saying of Plato, quoted in M. Aurel. vii. 48, _καὶ
      δὴ περὶ ἀνθρώπων τοὺς λόγους ποιούμενον ἐπισκοπεῖν δεῖ καὶ __τὰ__
      ἐπίγεια, ὥσπερ ποθὲν ἄνωθεν, κατὰ ἀγέλας ... γάμους, γενέσεις,
      θανάτους, δικαστηρίων θόρυβον, ἑορτάς, θρήνους, κτλ._

 1808 Luc. _Char._ 17, _ἀπίασιν ὥσπερ ἐξ ὀνείρατος πάντα ὑπὲρ γῆς
      ἀφέντες_.

 1809 Luc. _Vit. Auct._ 3, 13, 16.

 1810 Epict. _Diss._ iv. i. 138, _Ἆρον ἐκεῖνα τὰ τῶν σχολαστικῶν καὶ τῶν
      μωρῶν κτλ._ M. Aurel. vii. 67; cf. Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii.
      2, p. 203; Hatch, _Hibbert Lec._ p. 142.

 1811 M. Aurel. vi. 15; vii. 19; vi. 24, 42, 47; viii 6; xi. 20; viii. 3;
      vii. 67.

 1812 Epict. _Fr._ 175; cf. _Diss._ iii. 21, § 23, _ἀλλά, εἴ σε ψυχαγωγεῖ
      τὰ θεωρήματα, καθήμενος αὐτὰ στρέφε αὐτὸς ἐπὶ σεαυτοῦ· φιλόσοφον δὲ
      μηδέποτ’ εἴπῃς σεαυτόν_: cf. M. Aurel. ii. 17, _τοῦ ἀνθρωπίνου βίου
      ὁ μὲν χρόνος στιγμή ... τί οὖν τὸ παραπέμψαι δυνάμενον; ἓν καὶ
      μόνον, φιλοσοφία_.

 1813 Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ v. 26; D. Chrys. _Or._ xxxii.

 1814 Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ iv. 41; iv. 24; D. Chrys. xxxvi, § 17.

 1815 Luc. _Fug._ c. 12.

_ 1816 Hermot._ c. 2, 25.

 1817 D. Chrys. _Or._ lxxviii.; Martha, _Mor. sous L’Emp. rom._ p. 300.

 1818 Luc. (?) _Dem._ c. 7, 8.

 1819 Luc. (?) _Dem._ c. 63.

 1820 Sen. _Ep._ 89, § 6; cf. A. Gell. xvii. 19, 4.

 1821 Luc. _Hermot._ c. 5.

_ 1822 Ib._ c. 7, _καὶ οὗτοι δὴ ὑπὸ φιλοσοφίας ὥσπερ ὑπό τινος πυρὸς
      ἅπαντα ταῦτα περιαιρεθέντες κτλ._

 1823 Luc. _Bis Acc._ c. 11.

_ 1824 Ib._ c. 6, _ἁπανταχοῦ πώγων βαθὺς καὶ βιβλίον ἐν __τῃ ἀριστερᾳ__
      καὶ πάντες ὑπὲρ σοῦ φιλοσοφοῦσι κτλ._

_ 1825 Fug._ c. 12; _Vit. Auct._ c. 10; D. Chrys. xxxii. 9; xxxiv. 3.

 1826 Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ v. 37.

 1827 Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 1, p. 483. Renan, _Les Év._ p. 384,
      les différences des écoles étaient à peu près effacées. Un
      éclecticisme superficie était à la mode.

 1828 Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ i. 7.

 1829 Capitol. _M. Ant._ c. 3.

 1830 Martha, _Moralistes sous l’Emp._ p. 275; Capes, _Univ. Life_, p. 58
      sqq.

_ 1831 Roman Society in the Last Century of the Western Empire_ (1st ed.),
      p. 355.

 1832 Capes, _Univ. Life_, p. 69.

 1833 Epict. ii. 19; iii. 23; Plut. _De Recta Rat. Aud._ vii. viii.; A.
      Gell. v. i.; Zeller, iii. 1, p. 657.

 1834 Philostr. _Vit. Soph._ i. 3.

 1835 Philostr. _Vit. Soph._ i. iv. _ἔθελγε τῇ τε ἠχῇ τοῦ φθέγματος καὶ τῷ
      ῥυθμῷ τῆς γλώττης_. A. Gell. v. 1, 3; Sen. _Ep._ 108, § 6, non id
      agunt ut aliqua illo vitia deponant sed ut oblectamento aurium
      perfruantur. Cf. Philostr. _Vit. Soph._ i. 7.

 1836 Epict. iii. 23, _ἀλλ’ ἐπαίνεσόν με· εἰπέ μοι Ούᾶ καὶ Θαυμαστῶς_.
      Plut. _De Recta Rat. Aud._ c. viii.; cf. Hatch, _Hibbert Lec._ p.
      95.

 1837 Plin. _Ep._ i. 10.

 1838 Epict. iii. 21; ii. 1; ii. 23; Sen. _Ep._ 108, § 6.

 1839 A. Gell. v. 1, 2, tum scias neque illi philosophum loqui sed
      tibicinem canere. Philostr. _Vit. Soph._ iii. 3, _ῥυθμούς τε
      ποικιλωτέρους αὐλοῦ καὶ λύρου ἐσηγάγετο ἐς τὸν λόγον_. D. Chrys.
      _Or._ xxxv. §§ 7, 8.

 1840 For a comparative estimate see Capes, _Univ. Life in Ancient
      Athens_, p. 90; Hatch, _Hibbert Lec._ p. 105.

 1841 Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ iv. 3; iv. 42; D. Chrys. xxxiii. § 28;
      xxxiv. § 4; xl. § 31.

 1842 Cf. A. Gell. xii. 1, nihil, inquit, dubito quin filium lacte suo
      nutritura sit.

 1843 Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ iii. 41 sqq.; iv. 24; iv. 18, 20; i. 11; i.
      31.

_ 1844 Ib._ iv. 13, 16, 19, 20, 33; vi. 40.

 1845 Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ v. 25, _τὸ δὲ τῶν ταύρων αἷμα καὶ ὁπόσα
      ἐθύετο, οὐκ ἐπῄνει τὰ τοιάδε, κτλ._

_ 1846 Ib._ iv. 3.

_ 1847 Ib._ iv. 8.

_ 1848 Ib._ iv. 31.

_ 1849 Ib._ iv. 41.

_ 1850 Ib._ i. 11; iv. 40, _ὦδε εὔχομαι, ὦ θεοὶ δοίητέ μοι τὰ ὀφειλόμενα_.

 1851 Diog. Laert. iv. 3, 1, _καί ποτε ... μεθύων καὶ ἐστεφανωμένος εἰς
      τὴν Ξενοκράτους ᾖξε σχολήν κτλ._: Epict. iii. 1, § 14; Hor. _Sat._
      ii. 3, 253, quaero, faciasne, quod olim Mutatus Polemon? Cf. the
      conversion of Isaeus, Philostr. _Vit. Soph._ i. 217.

 1852 Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ iv. 20; cf. i. 13.

_ 1853 Ib._ vii. 16; cf. Tac. _Ann._ xv. 71; D. Cass. lxii. 27.

 1854 Tac. _Ann._ xv. 71; xiv. 59; Epict. i. 1, 27. The Rufus is Musonius
      Rufus.

 1855 D. Cass. lxvi. 13, _πάντας τοὺς φιλοσόφους ὁ Οὐεσπασιανὸς πλὴν τοῦ
      Μουσωνίου ἐκ τῆς Ῥώμης ἐξέβαλε_.

 1856 Zeller. _Phil. der __Griech._ iii. 1, pp. 651-658.

 1857 Tac. _Hist._ iii. 81.

 1858 Max. Tyr. v. viii. §§ 3, 10; xi.; xiv. § 8; xvii. For the little
      known of him, _v._ Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 2. p. 182, n. 3.

 1859 D. Chrys. _Or._ xxxii. § 9, _οὗτοι δὲ (οἱ Κυνικοὶ) ἔν τε τριόδοις
      καὶ στενωποῖς καὶ πυλῶσιν ἱερῶν ἀγείρουσι καὶ ἀπατῶσι παιδάρια καὶ
      ναύτας, κτλ._

 1860 Sen. _Ep._ 5, § 1; 29, § 1; Mart. iv. 53, cum baculo peraque senem
      ... cui dat latratos obvia turba cibos; Epict. iii. 22; D. Chrys.
      _Or._ xxxiv. § 2; Athen. iii. 113; Petron. 14; Aleiphr. iii. 55;
      Caspari, _De Cynicis_, p. 10.

 1861 Luc. _Conviv._ c. 16, 35, etc.

_ 1862 Fug._ c. 5, 15.

_ 1863 Ib._ c. 12, _κατεῖδον τὴν αἰδῶ ὅση παρὰ τῶν πολλῶν ἐστι τοῖς
      ἑταίροις τοῖς ἐμοῖς, ... ταῦτα πάντα τυραννίδα οὐ μικρὰν ἡγοῦντο
      εἶναι_.

 1864 Luc. _Fug._ c. 17-21, _οἱ ἰδιῶται δὲ ταῦτα ὁρῶντες καταπτύουσιν ἤδη
      φιλοσοφίας, κτλ._

 1865 Bernays, _Die Kyniker_, p. 39. Roheit und arbeitsscheues
      Vagabundenthum ... mussten die Kynische Lebensweise sehr bequem
      finden.

 1866 Plut. (?) _De Plac. Phil._ ii. 8; iv. 5; Luc. (?) _Demon._ 4,
      _ποιηταῖς σύντροφος ἐγένετο ... καὶ τὰς ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ προαιρέσεις ...
      ἠπίστατο_: cf. Caspari, _De Cyn._ p. 6; Zeller, iii. 1, p. 685.

 1867 Cf. Luc. (?) _Dem._ 14 sqq.; Caspari, p. 6.

 1868 Epict. iii. 22, § 80, _εἰς τοὺς νῦν ἀποβλέπομεν τοὺς τραπεζῆας
      πυλαωροὺς κτλ._, Luc. _Fug._ 14, _καὶ οὐ πολλῆς πραγματείας δεῖ
      τριβώνιον περιβαλέσθαι_.

 1869 Luc. _Ver. Hist._ ii. 18; Athen. iv. 158; xiii. 588.

 1870 S. Aug. _Civ. D._ xiv. 20, nemo tamen eorum audet hoc facere.

 1871 D. Chrys. _Or._ lxxii. 2; Pers. v. 189; Petron. _Sat._ 71; Tac.
      _Agr._ 4; _Hist._ iv. 5; Plin. _Ep._ i. 22; Quintil. xi. 1, 35; xii.
      2, 6.

 1872 Capitol. _Avid. Cass._ 1, § 8, in a letter of Verus, te philosopham
      aniculam, me luxuriosum morionem vocat: cf. c. 14.

 1873 Bernays, _Die Kyniker_, p. 31, sie sind die am reinsten deistische
      Sect, welche das hellenisch-römische Alterthum hervorgebracht hat.

_ 1874 Ib._ p. 30; cf. D. Cass. lxxvii. 19, for the favours showered on
      the Cynic Antiochus by Severus.

 1875 On Lucian’s _Peregrinus_, _v._ Caspari, _De Cyn._ p. 24 sq.;
      Bernays, p. 42 sqq.

 1876 Luc. _De Morte Peregr._ c. 5, 10 sq.

_ 1877 Ib._ c. 11, 12.

_ 1878 Ib._ c. 14.

_ 1879 Ib._ c. 17, 18; cf. the rudeness of Demetrius to Vespasian, Suet.
      _Vesp._ xiii.; D. Cass. lxvi. 13.

 1880 Luc. _De Morte Peregr._ c. 19, _κακῶς ἠγόρευεν ὡς καταθηλύναντα τοὺς
      Ἕλληνας_.

 1881 Caspari, _De Cyn._ p. 16; Bernays, _Luc. u. die Kyniker_, p. 16.

_ 1882 Ib._ p. 54.

 1883 This offended Demonax, cf. Luc. (?) _Dem._ c. 21, _Περεγρῖνε οὐκ
      ἀνθρώπιζεις_.

 1884 Luc. _De Morte Peregr._ c. 13.

_ 1885 Ib._ 10, 14, 37; Bernays, p. 54.

 1886 Cf. Aristid. _Or._ xlvi. (Dind. vol. ii. p. 402), _τοῖς ἐν τῇ
      Παλαιστίνῃ δυσσεβέσι παραπλήσιοι τοὺς τρόπους_. Bernays, p. 36,
      Übertritte aus dem einen in das andere Lager vorkamen; Hatch, _Hib.
      Lec._ p. 166; cf. Caspari, _De Cyn._ p. 25; Jul. _Or._ vii. 224. C.
      _τὰ δὲ ἄλλα γε πάντα ἐστὶν ὑμῖν τε κἀκείνοις_ (_i.e._ _Χριστιανοῖς_)
      _παραπλήσια. καταλελοίπατε τὴν πατρίδα ὥσπερ ἐκεῖνοι_.

 1887 Luc. _De Morte Peregr._ c. 36, _ἐς τὴν μεσημβρίαν ἀποβλέπων_: c. 25,
      _ὅπως τὴν καρτηρίαν ἐπιδείξηται ὥσπερ οἱ Βραχμᾶνες, ἐκείνοις γὰρ
      αὐτὸν ἠχίου Θεαγένης εἰκάζειν_.

_ 1888 Ib._ c. 2.

 1889 Luc. _De Morte Peregr._ c. 7 sqq.

_ 1890 Ib._ c. 4, _εἰς κενοδοξίαν τινὲς τοῦτο ἀναφέρουσι_.

 1891 Sen. _Ep._ 58, § 36; 70, § 8; _De Prov._ ii. 10; vi. § 7; _De Ira_,
      iii. 15; _De V. Beat._ 19; Epict. i. 24. Cf. Plin. _Ep._ i. 12; i.
      22; iii. 7; iii. 9; vi. 24; Boissier, _L’Opp._ p. 212 sqq.

 1892 D. Cass. lxix. 8, _καὶ ὁ Εὐφράτης ὁ φιλόσοφος ἀπέθανεν ἐθελοντής,
      ἐπιτρέψαντος αὐτῷ καὶ τοῦ Ἁδριανοῦ κωνεῖον διὰ τὸ γῆρας καὶ διὰ τὴν
      νόσον πιεῖν_.

 1893 Ael. Spart. _Hadr._ c. 24.

 1894 Diog. Laert. vi. 18; cf. vi. 77, for the death of Diogenes himself.

 1895 Luc. _De Morte Peregr._ c. 29.

_ 1896 Ib._ c. 33.

_ 1897 Ib._ c. 34, _ἐγὼ δέ, εἰκάζεις, οἶμαι, πῶς ἐγέλων_. _v._ Baur’s view
      of this piece (_Ch. Hist._ ii. 170). He thinks the self-immolation
      of Peregrinus pure fiction, and that Lucian’s object throughout was
      to discredit Christianity.

 1898 Luc. _De Morte Peregr._ c. 36.

_ 1899 Ib._ c. 38.

 1900 Luc. _De Morte Peregr._ c. 39.

_ 1901 Ib._ c. 40.

 1902 A. Gell. xii. 11, virum gravem atque constantem vidimus ...
      deversantem in quodam tugurio extra urbem.

 1903 Zeller, _Phil. der__ Griech._ iii. 1, p. 685; Bernays, _Luc. u. die
      Kyniker_, p. 27 sq.

 1904 Epict. _Diss._ iii. 22, § 23, _ἀλλ’ εἰδέναι δεῖ ὅτι ἄγγελος ἀπὸ Διὸς
      ἀπέσταλται πρὸς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους, περὶ ἀγαθῶν καὶ κακῶν ὑποδείξων
      αὐτοῖς ὅτι πεπλάνηται καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ ζητοῦσι τὴν οὐσίαν τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ ὅπου
      οὐκ ἔστιν, ὅπου δ’ ἔστιν οὐκ ἐνθυμοῦνται κτλ._

_ 1905 Ib._ iii. 22, §§ 28-30.

_ 1906 Ib._ § 38, _ὅπου οὐ δοκεῖτε οὐδὲ θέλετε ζητῆσαι αὐτό. εἰ γὰρ
      ἠθέλετε, εὕρετε ἂν ἐν ὑμῖν ὄν κτλ._

 1907 Epict. _Diss._ iii. 22, § 47, _ἴδετέ με, ὅτι ἄπολίς εἰμι, ἄοικος,
      ἀκτήμων, ἄδουλος_.

_ 1908 Ib._ § 56, _Κυνικῷ δὲ Καῖσαρ τίς ἐστιν ἢ ὁ καταπεπομφὼς αὐτὸν καὶ ᾧ
      λατρεύει, ὁ Ζεύς_.

_ 1909 Ib._ § 52.

_ 1910 Ib._ § 67.

_ 1911 Ib._ § 81, _πάντας ἀνθρώπους πεπαιδοποίηται, τοὺς ἄνδρας υἱοὺς
      ἔχει, τὰς γυναῖκας θυγατέρας_.

_ 1912 Ib._ § 84.

_ 1913 Ib._ § 100.

 1914 Epict. iii. 22, §§ 86, 87.

_ 1915 Ib._ § 93, _πρὸ πάντων δὲ τὸ ἡγεμονικὸν αὐτοῦ δεῖ καθαρώτερον εἶναι
      τοῦ ἡλίου_.

 1916 Bernays, _Luc. u. die Kyniker_, pp. 36-38.

_ 1917 Ib._ p. 99.

_ 1918 Ib._ p. 37; Caspari, _De Cyn._ p. 25.

_ 1919 Ib._ p. 5.

 1920 Luc. (?) _Dem._ c. 16-21.

 1921 Sen. _Ben._ vii. 11; Philostr. _Apoll. T._ vii. 42.

 1922 Sen. _Ben._ vii. i. 3, vir meo judicio magnus etiamsi maximis
      comparetur; vii. 8, 2.

 1923 Id. _Ep._ 20, 9; _Vit. B._ xviii. 3.

 1924 Id. _De Ben._ vii. 1, § 3, egregia hoc dicere solet, Plus prodesse,
      si pauca praecepta sapientiae teneas, sed illa in promptu tibi sint,
      etc.

 1925 Luc. _Adv. Indoct._ 19.

 1926 Sen. _De Ben._ vii. 8, 2.

 1927 Tac. _Ann._ xvi. 34.

 1928 Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ iv. 25, 42; vi. 13; viii. 10; vii. 42.

 1929 Epict. _Diss._ i. 25, § 22, _ἀπειλεῖς μοι θάνατον σοὶ δ’ ἡ φύσις_.

 1930 Suet. _Vesp._ xiii. philosophorum contumaciam lenissime tulit;
      _Dom._ x.; D. Cass. lxvi. 13.

 1931 Bernays, _Luc. u. die Kyniker_, p. 29.

 1932 D. Cass. lxvi. 15.

 1933 Luc. _De Morte Peregr._ c. 19; the attempt of Peregrinus in Greece
      is probably referred to in Jul. Capitol. _Ant. P._ 5, § 5; cf.
      Bernays, p. 30; Caspari, _De Cyn._ p. 15.

 1934 Bernays, p. 31.

 1935 Sen. _De Prov._ 5, §§ 5-7.

 1936 Luc. _Dem._ c. 11; Oenom. _Fr._ 13, _οὐκ ἀθάνατοι, ἀλλὰ λίθινοι καὶ
      ξύλινοι δεσπόται ἀνθρώπων_, 14; cf. Julian, _Or._ vii. 204, _a_.

 1937 Caspari, _De Cyn._ p. 12; Bernays, p. 35; Zeller, _Phil. der
      Griech._ iii. 1, p. 690.

 1938 Plut. _De Def. Or._ vii.

 1939 Julian, _Or._ vii. 209.

 1940 Jul. vii. 209, 210, _διαφέρουσι γὰρ οὗτοί τι τῶν ἐπ’ ἐρημίας
      λῃστευόντων καὶ κατειληφότων τὰς ἀκτὰς ἐπὶ τῷ λυμαίνεσθαι τοῖς
      καταπλέουσι_.

 1941 Bernays, _Luc. u. die Kyniker_, p. 104, agrees with Bekker that the
      _Demonax_ can hardly be a genuine work of Lucian. But its author was
      a contemporary and friend of Demonax (c. i. _ἐπὶ μήκιστον
      συνεγενόμην_).

 1942 Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 1, p. 691, n. 6.

 1943 Luc. _Dem._ c. 3 sqq.

_ 1944 Ib._ c. 3, 24, 31.

_ 1945 Ib._ c. 62.

 1946 Luc. (?) _Dem._ c. 5, 6.

_ 1947 Ib._ c. 14.

_ 1948 Ib._ c. 7.

_ 1949 Ib._ 6.

_ 1950 Ib._ 9, 10.

_ 1951 Ib._ c. 11, _τραχύτερον ἢ κατὰ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ προαίρεσιν ἀπελογήσατο_.

_ 1952 Ib._ c. 37.

_ 1953 Ib._ 32.

_ 1954 Ib._ c. 12, 24.

 1955 Luc. (?) _Dem._ c. 14, _οὗτος, ἔφη, προσειπὼν τὸ ὄνομα, καλεῖ σε
      Πυθαγόρας_.

_ 1956 Ib._ c. 26, _σὺ δὲ μοι ὡς ἐπ’ Ἀγαμέμνονος ἀποκρίνῃ_.

_ 1957 Ib._ c. 55.

_ 1958 Ib._ c. 57.

_ 1959 Ib._ c. 63 sqq.

 1960 D. Chrys. _Or._ xxxiv. § 2; lxxii. § 2.

 1961 Cf. Philostr. _Vit. Soph._ i. 7. For other authorities _v._ Zeller,
      _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 1, p. 729, n. 1. Martha, _Moralistes sous
      l’Emp. rom._ 294, gives a good sketch of Dion’s career.

 1962 D. Chrys. _Or._ xiii. § 1.

 1963 Philostr. _Vit. Soph._ i. 7.

 1964 Philostr. _Vit. Soph._ i. 2; _ἔλεγε θαμὰ ἐπιστρεφόμενος ἐς τὸν Δίωνα
      “τί μὲν λέγεις, οὐκ οἶδα, φιλῶ δέ σε ὡς ἐμαυτόν.”_

 1965 D. Chrys. _Or._ xiii. § 6, 9, 10, _στολήν τε ταπεινὴν ἀναλαβὼν καὶ
      τἆλλα κολάσας ἐμαυτὸν ἠλώμην πανταχοῦ_.

_ 1966 Ib._ § 12, _πολλοὶ γὰρ ἠρώτων προσιόντες, ὅ τι μοι φαίνοιτο ἀγαθὸν
      ἢ κακόν. ὥστε ἠναγκαζόμην φροντίζειν ὑπὲρ τούτων ἵνα ἔχοιμι
      ἀποκρίνεσθαι τοὶς ἐρωτώσιν_. With the conversion of Dion cf. of that
      of Isaeus and Polemon, etc., Philostr. _Vit. Soph._ i. p. 218;
      _Apoll. Tyan._ i. 13; iv. 20; Epict. iii. 1; Diog. Laert. iv. 3, §
      1.

 1967 D. Chrys. _Or._ xxxvii. § 25; iv. § 1; vi.

_ 1968 Or._ liv.; xiii. § 13, 14, _ἐνίοτε ὑπὸ ἀπορίας ᾖα ἐπί τινα λόγον
      ἀρχαῖον λεγόμενον ὑπό τινος Σωκράτους κτλ._: cf. xviii. § 14,
      _πάντων ἄριστος ἐμοὶ καὶ λυσιτελέστατος πρὸς ταῦτα πάντα Ξενοφῶν_.

 1969 D. Chrys. _Or._ lxx. § 1, 7; _καθόλου βίος ἄλλος μὲν τοῦ
      φιλοσοφοῦντος, ἄλλος δὲ τῶν πολλῶν ἀνθρώπων_; cf. xiii. § 33.

_ 1970 Ib._ xiii. § 28; xxiii. § 7, _οὐκοῦν τὸν τυχόντα ἀγαθοῦ δαίμονος
      ἡγῇ δικαίως ζῆν καὶ φρονίμως καὶ σωφρόνως_; cf. Epict. i. § 14,
      _ἐπίτροπον ἑκάστῳ παρέστησε, τὸν ἑκάστου δαίμονα κτλ._ M. Aurel. v.
      27.

 1971 D. Chrys. _Or._ xxxii. § 9; xxxv. § 2, 3; xxxiv. § 2.

_ 1972 Or._ xvi. § 2, 3; xxxv. § 8; cf. xiii. § 11, _οἱ μὲν γὰρ πολλοὶ τῶν
      καλουμένων φιλοσόφων αὐτοὺς ἀνακηρύττουσιν κτλ._

_ 1973 Or._ xiii. § 13, 34, _ἐδόκουν δέ μοι πάντες ἄφρονες, φερόμενοι
      τάντες ἐν ταὐτῷ καὶ περὶ τὰ αὐτά, περί τε χρήματα καὶ δόξας καὶ
      σωμάτων τινὰς ἡδονάς κτλ._

_ 1974 Or._ xxxiii. § 17, 23, 32; cf. the ghastly exposure in _Or._ vii. §
      133.

_ 1975 Or._ xxxiii. §§ 24-28, _εἴ τις διέρχοιτο Πέλλαν οὐδὲ σημεῖον ὄψεται
      πόλεως, οὐδὲν δίχα τοῦ πολὺν κέραμον εἶναι συντετριμμένον ἐν τῷ
      τόπῳ_. Cf. xiii. §§ 33, 34.

 1976 A good example is the opening of _Or._ xxxii.

_ 1977 Or._ xiv. § 2; xiii. § 13, _ἐδόκουν δέ μοι πάντες ἄφρονες, κτλ._:
      cf. Zeller, _Phil. der Gr._ iii. 1, p. 730, er zeigt mit den
      Stoikern, dass die wahre Freiheit mit der Vernünftigkeit, die
      Sklaverei mit der Unvernunft zusammenfalle; cf. _Or._ xvi. § 4.

_ 1978 Or._ xvii. 2, 3.

_ 1979 Or._ xx. § 8, _μὴ οὖν βελτίστη καὶ λυσιτελεστάτη πασῶν ἡ εἰς αὐτὸν
      ἀναχώρησις κτλ._ Hatch, _Hib. Lec._ p. 150.

 1980 Plin. _Ep._ x. 17, 23, 24, 58; Bury, _Rom. Emp._ p. 439.

 1981 D. Chrys. _Or._ xxxiv. § 10, 14, 48; xxxviii. § 11; xxxiv. § 16, 19,
      29, 31.

_ 1982 Ib._ xxxvi.

 1983 D. Chrys. _Or._ xxxvi. § 15, 8, 9, _πάντες οἱ Βορυσθενῖται περὶ τὸν
      ποιητὴν ἐσπουδάκασιν κτλ._ Cf. § 20, 23.

 1984 Momms. _Rom. Prov._ i. pp. 326, 354; cf. Aristid. _Or._ xiv. xv.
      223-230 (Dind.).

 1985 Momms. _Rom. Prov._ i. p. 362; cf. Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ i. 7;
      _Vit. Soph._ i. p. 220, _καὶ προβήσεσθαι ἐπὶ μέγα τὰς Κλαζομενὰς
      ἡγουμένων εἰ τοιοῦτος δὴ ἀνὲρ ἐμπαιδεύσοι σφισίν κτλ._

 1986 Momms. _Rom. Prov._ i. pp. 329, 330; cf. Aristid. _Or._ xv.;
      Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ iv. 7, _φρονεῖν ἐκέλευεν ἐφ’ ἑαυτοῖς μᾶλλον
      ἢ τῷ τῆς πόλεως εἴδει._ D. Chrys. _Or._ xxxiv. 48; Friedl.
      _Sitteng._ iii. p. 111.

 1987 D. Chrys. _Or._ xxxviii. § 7, 31, 36.

_ 1988 Ib._ xl. § 27, _ἡ δὲ τῶν ἐγγὺς οὕτως καὶ ὀμόρων διαφορὰ καὶ τὸ
      μῖσος οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἔοικεν ἢ στάσει μιᾶς πόλεως ὅπου καὶ γάμων
      κοινωνία, κτλ._

_ 1989 Ib._ xxxviii. §§ 26-31.

_ 1990 Ib._ xxxiv. §§ 44-48, _αἱ μὲν οὖν θῖνες καὶ τὸ πρὸς τῇ λίμνῃ χωρίον
      οὐδενὸς ἄξια_.

_ 1991 Ib._ xl. § 35.

_ 1992 Ib._ xxxviii. §§ 42-46.

 1993 Plin. _Ep._ x. 96, § 7.

 1994 Mahaffy, _Greek World under Roman Sway_, p. 242; Merivale, viii. p.
      239; Momms. _Rom. Prov._ ii. p. 264.

 1995 Momms. ii. p. 263; D. Chrys. xxxii.; Tac. _Hist._ iv. 81; Ael.
      Spart. _Hadr._ c. 12, 14; D. Cass. lxix. 11; Petron. 31, 68.

 1996 D. Chrys. _Or._ xxxii. § 57, 41, 51, 55; Pl. _Rep._ iii. 399; Arist.
      _Pol._ viii. 5.

 1997 D. Chrys. _Or._ xxxii. § 75.

_ 1998 Ib._ § 31, _οἷς μόνον δεῖ παραβάλλειν τὸν πολὺν ἄρτον_.

_ 1999 Ib._ § 40.

 2000 See an excellent analysis of this piece (vii.) in Mahaffy’s _Greek
      World under Roman Sway_, pp. 277-288.

 2001 D. Chrys. _Or._ vii. § 34 sqq.

_ 2002 Ib._ §§ 105-108.

_ 2003 Ib._ §§ 82-89, _αἱ γὰρ δὴ φιλοφρονήσεις καὶ χάριτες, ἐὰν σκοπῇ τις
      ὀρθῶς, οὐδὲν διαφέρουσιν ἐράνων καὶ δανείων_.

 2004 D. Chrys. _Or._ vii. § 133; Musonius, Stob. _Flor._ vi. 61; cf. on
      this subject Denis, _Idées Morales_, etc. ii. p. 134.

 2005 D. Chrys. _Or._ vii. § 139.

_ 2006 Ib._ x. § 13; xv. § 5; 6, 31; cf. Juv. xiv. 16; Sen. _Ben._ iii.
      21; _Ep._ 47; cf. Denis, ii. 152; Boissier, _Rel. Rom._ ii. p. 354.

 2007 Cf. Newman’s _Politics of Aristotle_, Introd. p. 144.

 2008 D. Chrys. _Or._ xv. § 31.

 2009 D. Chrys. _Or._ i. § 13; ii. §§ 75-77; iii. § 39, 62, 107; iv. § 63;
      cf. Plin. _Paneg._ 72, 80, 67; Sen. _De Clem._ i. 13, § 4; i. 19, §
      2.

 2010 D. Chrys. _Or._ i. § 79; cf. iii. §§ 5, 6.

_ 2011 Ib._ i. § 52.

_ 2012 Ib._ § 56.

_ 2013 Ib._ § 66.

_ 2014 Or._ iv. § 39.

_ 2015 Ib._ iii. §§ 51, 62, _τὸ ἄρχειν οὐδαμῶς ῥᾴθυμον ἀλλ’ ἐπίπονον κτλ._

 2016 D. Chrys. _Or._ iii. §§ 38, 88, 107.

 2017 Sueton. _Dom._ xxxiii.; _Calig._ lx. abolendam Caesarum memoriam ac
      diruenda templa censuerunt; cf. _Or. Henz._ 698, 699, 767, where the
      names of Caligula and Domitian have been erased.

_ 2018 Nov. Valent._ tit. viii.; _Leg. Anthem._ tit. i.; _Nov. Mart._ ii.

 2019 D. Chrys. _Or._ vii. § 135, where the gods of pure wedlock are
      appealed to against vagrant vice.

_ 2020 Ib._ xii. § 20.

 2021 D. Chrys. _Or._ xii. § 26.

 2022 Luc. _De Sacrif._ 11, _οἴονται ὁρᾶν ... αὐτὸν τὸν Κρόνου καὶ Ῥέας
      εἰς τὴν γῆν ὑπὸ Φειδίου μετῳκισμένον καὶ τὴν Πισαίων ἐρημίαν
      ἐπισκοπεῖν κεκελευσμένον_.

_ 2023 Or._ xii. § 51, _άνθρώπων δέ, ὃς ἂν ῃ παντελῶς ἐπίπονὰς τὴν ψυχήν,
      πολλὰς ἀπαντλήσας ξυμφορὰς καὶ λύπας ἐν τῷ βίῳ ... καὶ ὃς δοκεῖ μοι
      κατεναντίον στὰς τῆσδε τῆς εἰκόνος ἐκλαθέσθαι πάντων ὅσα ἐν
      ἀνθρωπίνῳ βίῳ δεινὰ καὶ χαλεπὰ γίγνεται παθεῖν._

_ 2024 Or._ xii. §§ 27, 28, 33, 42; cf. Sen. _Ep._ 117, § 6, omnibus
      insita de dis opinio est.

 2025 D. Chrys. _Or._ xii. §§ 42, 43.

_ 2026 Ib._ § 61, _ὥσπερ νήπιοι παῖδες πατρὸς ἢ μητρὸς ἀπεσπασμένοι ...
      ὀρέγουσι χεῖρας οὐ παροῦσι πολλάκις ὀνειρώττοντες κτλ._

 2027 D. Chrys. _Or._ xii. § 62.

_ 2028 Ib._ § 56.

_ 2029 Ib._ § 61; cf. Plut. _De Is. et Osir._ lxxi., lxxii., lxxvi.;
      Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ vi. 19; Max. Tyr. _Diss._ viii. § 5.

 2030 D. Chrys. _Or._ xii. § 59, _νοῦν γὰρ καὶ φρόνησιν αὐτὴν καθ’ αὑτὴν
      οὔτε τις πλάστης οὔτε τις γραφεὺς εἰκάσαι δυνατὸς ἔσται_: Plut. _De
      Is._ lxxix.

 2031 Cf. Max. Tyr. _Diss._ viii. § 3, _τὸ μὲν Ἑλληνικὸν τιμᾶν τοὺς θεοὺς
      ἐνομίσε τῶν ἐν γῇ καλλίστοις, ὕλῃ μὲν καθαρᾷμορφῇ δὲ ἀνθρωπίνῃ τέχνῃ
      δὲ ἀκριβεῖ_.

 2032 D. Chrys. _Or._ xii. § 78.

_ 2033 Ib._ §§ 74, 75.

 2034 Friedl. _Sittengesch._ iii. pp. 430, 435; cf. Thiersch, _Politik u.
      Phil. in ihrem Verhältn. zur Religion_, p. 9.

 2035 Thiersch, _Politik und Philosophie in ihrem Verhältniss zur
      Religion_, pp. 14, 15.

 2036 Réville, _Rel. unter den Sev._ p. 81.

 2037 Lamprid. _Commodus_, c. 9.

 2038 Apul. _Met._ xi. c. 11, 22.

_ 2039 Or. Henz._ 186, 193, 228 sqq., 275, 1637, 1580, 5873, 5879, 5887,
      1993.

_ 2040 C.I.L._ vi. 110, 111.

_ 2041 Or. Henz._ 6628 (fontis), 4922 (castrorum), 1704 (legionis), 1812
      (Neronis), 3953 (Hadriani).

 2042 Lamprid. _Alex. Sev._ c. 29; Spart. _Hadr._ 14, § 5; Luc. _Peregr._
      c. 29; Friedl. _Sittengesch._ iii. pp. 454-456. Thiersch, _Pol. u.
      Phil. in Verhältn. zur Rel._ p. 10.

 2043 Luc. _Alex._ 19; Friedl. _Sitteng._ iii. p. 470; Thiersch, p. 19.

 2044 Luc. _Deor. Conc._ 12, _ἀλλὰ ἤδη πᾶς λίθος καὶ πᾶς βωμὸς ...
      χρησμῳδεῖ_.

 2045 Friedl. _Sitteng._ iii. pp 474-478; Wolff, _De Nov. Orac. Aetate_,
      p. 29 sq.

 2046 Petron. _Sat._ 61, 62.

 2047 Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ v. 12; iv. 5; iv. 10; vii. 5.

_ 2048 C.I.L._ xii. 3070, 4316; viii. 9195; viii. 4578, Jovi, Junoni,
      Minervae, Soli Mithrae, Herculi, Marti, Genio loci, Diis, Deabusque
      omnibus; cf. viii. 4578; vi. 504.

 2049 Luc. _Jup. Trag._ 8, 9; _Deor. Conc._ 8 sqq.

 2050 Philostr. _Apoll. T._ vi. 40; Baumgart, _Aristides als Repräsentant
      der Soph. Rhet._ pp. 62, 84; cf. Apul. _Met._ xi. c. 5; Macrob.
      _Sat._ i. 17.

 2051 Apul. _Met._ xi. cc. 3-6.

 2052 Lamprid. _Alex. Sev._ c. 29.

 2053 Apul. _Apol._ c. 64 (536), totius naturae causa et ratio, summus
      animi genitor, aeternus animantum sospitator ... neque tempore neque
      loco neque vice ulla comprehensus, nemini effabilis; cf. _Met._ xi.
      c. 25; Denis, _Hist. des Idées Morales_, ii. p. 264.

 2054 Thiersch, _Pol. u. Phil. in ihrem Verhältn. zur Rel._ p. 21, man
      nennt den Marcus einen Stoiker.... Aber seine Dogmatik und seine
      ganze Seelenbestimmung gehört schon weit mehr dem Neoplatonismus an.
      Cf. Bussell, _School of Plato_, pp. 278-290.

 2055 Sen. _De Ben._ iv. 7.

 2056 Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 1, p. 649. Cf. Sen. _Ep._ 10, § 5;
      _Ep._ 73, § 16; _Ep._ 41, § 2; _Ep._ 63, § 7; _Ep._ 83, § 1; _Ep._
      95, § 50; _Ep._ 102, § 28, nulla serenum umbra turbabit; _De Prov._
      iv. 7; _De Ira_, ii. 27; _De Clem._ i. 7; _De Ben._ 1. 29.

 2057 Epict. i. 9, § 7, _τὸ δὲ τὸν θεὸν ποιητὴν ἔχειν καὶ πατέρα καὶ
      κηδεμόνα, οὐκέτι ἡμᾶς ἐξαιρήσεται λυπῶν καὶ φόβων_: cf. i. 3, § 3;
      Denis, _Hist. des Idées Morales_, ii. p. 241.

 2058 Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 1, pp. 179, 184.

 2059 James, _Varieties of Religious Belief_, pp. 511, 512.

 2060 Bussell, _School of Plato_, p. 296.

 2061 Sen. _Ep._ 41, § 2, sacer intra nos spiritus sedet.

 2062 Yet cf. Zeller, iii. 1, p. 649, der göttliche Beistand, welchen er
      verlangt, ist kein übernatürlicher. Seneca had broken away
      unconsciously from the old Stoic idea of God, more than Zeller will
      admit, or his words have no meaning.

 2063 Sen. _Ep._ 95, §§ 51, 52.

_ 2064 Ib._ 107, § 9; Epict. _Diss._ iii. 24.

 2065 Epict. _Diss._ iii. 20, § 11, _κακὸς γείτων; Αὑτῷ· ἀλλ’ ἐμοὶ ἀγαθός·
      γυμνάζει μου τὸ εὔγνωμον, τὸ ἐπιεικές_: iv. 1, § 89; M. Aurel. vi.
      44.

 2066 Epict. i. 16, § 20, _τί γὰρ ἄλλο δύναμαι γέρων χωλὸς εἰ μὴ ὑμνεῖν
      τὸν θεόν; κτλ._

 2067 M. Aurel. iv. 23.

_ 2068 Ib._ ix. 40; Sen. _Ep._ 10, § 5.

 2069 Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ iv. 40, _ὦδε εὔχομαι, ὦ θεοί, δοίετέ μοι τὰ
      ὀφειλόμενα_. Max. Tyr. _Diss._ xi. 8, _ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν ἠγεῖ τὴν τοῦ
      φιλοσόφου εὐχὴν αἴτησιν εἶναι τῶν οὐ παρόντων· ἐγὼ δὲ ὁμιλίαν καὶ
      διάλεκτον πρὸς τοὺς θεοὺς περὶ τῶν παρόντων καὶ ἐπίδειξιν τῆς
      ἀρητῆς_.

_ 2070 Frag._ preserved in S. Aug. _De Civ. Dei_, vi. 10.

 2071 D. Chrys. _Or._ xii. § 24 (412 R); Max. Tyr. _Diss._ viii. 10.

 2072 Max. Tyr. _Diss._ viii. §§ 5-10; Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ vi. 19.

 2073 Max. Tyr. viii. 10, _οὐ νεμεσῶ τῆς διαφωνίας, ἴστωσαν μόνον,
      ἐράτωσαν μόνον, μνημονευέτωσαν μόνον_.

 2074 Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 1, p. 299 sqq.; S. Aug. _De Civ.
      Dei_, vi. 5.

 2075 Mommsen, _Hist. of Rome_, i. p. 183 (Tr.); Preller, _Rom. Myth._ p.
      2.

 2076 Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 1, pp. 18-20.

 2077 Sen. _Ep._ 117, §§ 19-30; Epict. _Diss._ i. 17; M. Aurel. vii. 67.
      But cf. viii. 13; xii. 14; viii. 3.

 2078 Luc. _Hermot._ c. 25, 34, 37 sqq.

 2079 Überweg, _Hist. Phil._ i. p. 232; Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii.
      2, p. 83; Thiersch, _Politik u. Phil._ etc., pp. 15, 16.

 2080 Flav. Vop. _Vit. __Saturn._ c. 8, § 2, illic qui Serapem colunt
      Christiani sunt, et devoti sunt Serapi, qui se Christi episcopos
      dicunt, etc.

 2081 Max. Tyr. _Diss._ xiv. 8, _ἦ γὰρ ἂν τῷ διὰ μέσου πολλῷ τὸ θνητὸν
      πρὸς τὸ ἀθάνατον διετειχίσθη τῆς οὐρανίου ἐπόψεώς τε καὶ ὁμιλίας ὅτι
      μὴ τῆς δαιμονίου ταύτης φύσεως, κτλ._ Cf. xvi. 9.

 2082 Macrob. _Som. Scip._ i. 8; ii. 17.

 2083 Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 2, pp. 57-62.

 2084 Sen. _Nat. Q._ vii. 32, 2, Pythagorica illa invidiosa turbae schola
      praeceptorem non invenit.

 2085 Sen. _Ep._ 49, § 2; 108, § 17.

 2086 Zeller, iii. 2, p. 85.

 2087 Überweg, _Hist. Phil._ i. p. 228; cf. Hatch, _Hibbert Lec._ p. 148.

 2088 Überweg, _Hist. Phil._ i. p. 252; cf. Eunapius, _Vit. Iambl._

 2089 Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ i. 3, 1; cf. Ael. Spart. _Vit. Sev._ 18.

 2090 Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ i. 7.

_ 2091 Ib._ ii. 38.

_ 2092 Ib._ i. 11, § 16; i. 31; iv. 19, 20; iv. 41.

_ 2093 Ib._ iii. 41.

 2094 Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ iv. 13; iv. 16.

_ 2095 Ib._ iv. 1, _λόγοι τε περὶ αὐτοῦ ἐφοίτων οἱ μὲν ἐκ τοῦ Κολοφῶνι
      μαντείου κοινωνὸν τῆς ἑαυτοῦ σοφίας καὶ ἀτεχνῶς σοφὸν τὸν ἄνδρα
      ᾄδοντες, οἱ δὲ ἐκ Διδύμων_.

_ 2096 Ib._ iv. 41.

_ 2097 Ib._ iii. 35, _τὴν δὲ (ἔδραν ἀποδοτέον) ἐπ’ ἐκείνῃ θεοῖς, οἱ τὰ
      μέρη αὐτοῦ κυβερνῶσι_: cf. Max. Tyr. _Diss._ xiv. § 6 sqq.

 2098 Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ ii. 37; vi. 11; vii. 26; Max. Tyr. _Diss._
      xiii. § 5.

 2099 Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ vi. 10; iv. 40; v. 12; iv. 18; iv. 44.

_ 2100 Ib._ iv. 13; iii. 25.

_ 2101 Ib._ vi. 19.

 2102 Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ iv. 40.

_ 2103 Ib._ iv. 22; iv. 41; v. 26.

 2104 Gréard, _De la Morale de Plutarch_, p. 32; Volkmann, _Leben_, etc.
      p. 37.

 2105 For the apocryphal accounts, _v._ Gréard, p. 3 sqq.

_ 2106 Vit. Anton._ c. 68, _ὁ γοῦν πρόπαππος ἡμῶν Νίκαρχος διηγεῖτο κτλ._:
      Volkmann, p. 21.

 2107 Plut. _De __ΕΙ__ ap. Delph._ c. 1; cf. 17; _Vit. Themist._ c. 32;
      _Sympos._ iii. 1, § 1; ix. 14, § 2; ix. 14, § 7; i. 9; Eunap. _Vit.
      Soph. Prooem._ 5, _ἐν οἷς Ἀμμώνιός τε ἦν Πλουτάρχου τοῦ θειοτάτου
      γεγονὼς διδάσκαλος_.

_ 2108 Sympos._ v. 5, § 1, _Vit. Agesil._ c. 19; Volkmann, pp. 34, 63.

_ 2109 Praec. Ger. Reipub._ c. 20.

_ 2110 Sympos._ viii. 7, § 1, _Vit. Dem._ c. 2. In this passage he says,
      _οὐ σχολῆς οὔσης γυμάζεσθαι περὶ τὴν Ῥωμαικὴν διάλεκτον ὑπὸ χρειῶν
      πολιτικῶν ... ὀψέ ποτε καὶ πόρρω τῆς ἡλικίας ἠρξάμεθα Ῥωμαικοῖς
      γράμμασιν ἐντυγχάνειν_. Cf. _Frat. Am._ 4.

 2111 Suet. _Dom._ c. xx.; Spart. _Vit. Hadr._ c. 16, § 5, Aul. Gell. xii.
      2; Luc. _Lexiph._ c. 20; Friedl. _Sittengesch._ iii. p. 278; Macé,
      _Suétone_, p. 96; Gréard, _Morale de Plut._ p. 33; cf. Sen. _Ep._
      114, § 13, multi ex alieno seculo petunt verba: duodecim tabulas
      loquuntur.

 2112 Friedl. _Sittengesch._ iii. p. 360.

 2113 Plut. _De Curios._ c. 15, _ἐμοῦ ποτε ἐν Ῥώμῃ διαλεγομένου Ῥούστικος
      ἐκεῖνος ὃν ἀπέκτεινε Δομιτιανὸς ... ἠκροᾶτο κτλ._

 2114 Plut. _De Tranq._ c. 1; _Sympos._ i. 9; v. 7, § 10; viii. 1; _De
      Cohib. Ira_, c. 1; _Sympos._ ii. 3; i. 5; cf. Plin. _Ep._ i. 9; iv.
      5; _Ep._ i. 13; iv. 4; Tac. _Agr._ c. 2; cf. Suet. _Vesp._ c. xxii.

 2115 For a description of this society, see Mahaffy’s _Greek World under
      Rom. Sway_, c. xliv.

 2116 Plut. _Consol. ad Ux._ c. iv. x.; _Conj. Praec._ c. xliv.

 2117 Plut. _Praec. Ger. Reipub._ c. 15; cf. _Sympos._ vi. 8, § 1.

 2118 Plut. _An Seni Sit Ger. Resp._ c. 17, _οἶσθά με τῷ Πυθίῳ
      λειτουργοῦντα πολλὰς πυθιάδας_. Suidas, _Πλούταρχος_: cf. Volkmann,
      p. 91.

_ 2119 De Def. Orac._ c. v. viii.

_ 2120 Ib._ c. ii.

 2121 Trench, _Plutarch_, p. 22; Volkmann, p. 58.

 2122 Plut. _Sympos._ ii. 2, § 1 (Eleusis); v. 8, § 1 (Athens); i. 10, §
      1; ii. 1, § 1 (Patrae); iii. 1, § 1; iv. 4, § 1 (Aedepsus), _χωρίον
      κατεσκευασμένον οἰκήσεσι ... μάλιστα δ’ ἀνθεῖ τὸ χωρίον ἀκμάζοντος
      ἔαρος. πολλοὶ γὰρ άφικνοῦνται τὴν ὥραν αὐτόθι, καὶ συνουσίας
      ποιοῦνται μετ’ ἀλλήλων ἐν ἀφθόνοις πᾶσι, καὶ πλείστας περὶ λόγους
      ὑπὸ σχολῆς διατριβὰς ἔχουσι_: cf. Volkmann, p. 57.

_ 2123 Vit. Anton._ c. 28, _διηγεῖτο γοῦν ἡμῶν τῷ πάππῳ Λαμπρίᾳ Φιλώτας ὁ
      Ἀμφισσεὺς ἰατρὸς εἶναι μὲν ἐν Ἀλεξανδρεῖᾳ τότε μανθάνων τὴν τέχνην,
      κτλ._

_ 2124 Sympos._ ii. 2, § 1; ix. 15, § 1; viii. 6, § 5.

_ 2125 De Fr. Am._ c. 16.

_ 2126 Sympos._ iv. 1, 1; iv. 4, 1; v. 10, 1; v. 5, 1.

_ 2127 Ib._ ix. 4, § 1; Mahaffy, _Greek World_, _etc._ p. 338.

 2128 Plut. _Sympos._ viii. 2; viii. 7.

_ 2129 Vit. Alex._ c. 1, _οὔτε γὰρ ἱστορίας γράφομεν ἀλλὰ βίους οὔτε ταῖς
      ἐπιφανεστάταις πράξεσι πάντως ἔνεστι δήλωσις ἀρετῆς ἢ κακίας_. So
      _Vit. Nic._ c. 1, _οὐ τὴν ἄχρηστον ἀθροίζων ἱστορίαν ἀλλὰ τὴν πρὸς
      κατανόησιν ἤθους καὶ τρόπου παραδιδούς_.

_ 2130 Vit. Pericl._ c. 12.

_ 2131 Vit. Cat. Min._ c. 70.

 2132 Gréard, _Morale de Plut._ pp. 36, 52, 67.

 2133 Cf. A. Gell. xviii. 2.

 2134 Plut. _De Tranq._ c. xx. _ἀνὴρ δὲ ἀγαθὸς οὐ πᾶσαν ἡμέραν ἑορτὴν
      ἡγεῖται; κτλ._

 2135 Sen. _Ep._ 88, ad virtutem nihil conferunt liberalia studia; cf.
      _Ep._ 94, 95, § 41.

 2136 M. Aurel. vii. 35; ix. 41; Epict. _Frag._ lii.

 2137 Zeller, _Phil. der Gr._ iii. 1, p. 720 n.

 2138 A. Gell. i. 10; ii. 26; vii. 13; xii. 1; Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._
      iv. 20; v. 16.

 2139 Oakesmith, _Rel. of Plutarch_, p. 64.

 2140 Plut. _Cic._ c. 4.

 2141 Zeller, _Phil. der Gr._ iii. 1, p. 534, in der Hauptsache die
      bedeutendsten Philosophenschulen übereinstimmen, etc.

_ 2142 Ib._ p. 503.

_ 2143 Ib._ iii. 2, pp. 144, 145.

 2144 Sen. _Nat. Qu._ vii. 32, 2; Academici et veteres et minores nullum
      antistitem reliquerunt.

 2145 Epict. _Fr._ liii.

_ 2146 Sympos._ vii. 1; _Consol. ad Apoll._ xxxvi.

_ 2147 e.g._ _De Gen. Socr._ xxii. sqq.; _De Ser. Num. Vind._ xxii.

_ 2148 Non posse Suav. vivi sec. Epic._ c. ii. _τὰ γὰρ αἴσχιστα ῥήματα,
      βωμολοχίας, ληκυθισμούς, ἀλαζονείας, ἡεταιρήσεις, ἀνδροφονίας ...
      συνάγοντες Ἀριστοτέλους καὶ Σωκράτους καὶ Πυθαγόρου καὶ τίνος γὰρ
      οὐχὶ τῶν ἐπιφανῶν, κατεσκέδασαν_: _Adv. Col._ c. ii.

 2149 Trench, _Plut._ p. 93.

 2150 Plut. _De Virt. Mor._ c. vii. sqq.

_ 2151 Adv. Stoicos_, c. x. _ἀλλὰ ὥσπερ ὁ πηχύν ἀπέχων ἐν θαλάσσῃ
      ἐπιφανείας οὐδὲν ἥττον πνίγεται τοῦ καταδεδυκότος ὀργυιὰς
      πεντακοσίας, κτλ._ Cf. Sen. _Ep._ 66, § 10; Zeller, _Phil. der.
      Griech._ iii. 1, p. 230.

 2152 M. Aurel. ix. 32; xii. 32; ix. 14; xi. 1; vii. 1; vi. 46; ix. 14.

_ 2153 De Tranq._ c. iii., iv., xiv., xvii.; _De Cup. Div._ iii., iv.; _De
      Exil._ v.; _De Alex. Virt._ c. vi.; ad init.; Zeller, iii. 1. p.
      281.

 2154 Zeller, _Phil. der Gr._ iii. 1, p. 208; cf. iii. 2, p. 163; Plut.
      _De Virt. Mor._ c. viii.

_ 2155 De Virt. Mor._ l.c.

 2156 Zeller. iii. 2, p. 154.

_ 2157 De Virt. Mor._ vii.

_ 2158 Ib._ iv. sq.; _De Cur._ i.

_ 2159 De Virt. Mor._ vi.; Gréard, p. 78.

 2160 Pl. _Phaed._ 82 B; cf. Archer-Hind, App. i. to _Phaed._

 2161 Plut. _De Cohib. Ira_, i. ii.; _De Prof. in Virt._ xiii. xi. iii.

_ 2162 De Prof._ iv.; _De Cohib. Ira_, ii.

_ 2163 De Prof._ xvii. _ἀλλ’ οἵ γε προκόπτοντες, οἷς ἤδη καθάπερ ἱεροῦ
      τινος οἰκοδομήματος καὶ βασιλικοῦ τοῦ βίου κεκρότηται χρυσέα κρηπὶς
      οὐδὲν εἰκῆ προσίενται τῶν γινομένων, κτλ._

_ 2164 Adv. St._ iv. vii.

_ 2165 De Fato_, c. ix. (572). (Plut.?)

_ 2166 Ib._ c. iv. v. _οὐ πάντα καθαρῶς οὐδὲ διαρρήδην ἡ εἱμαρμένη
      περιέχει, ἀλλ’ ὅσα καθόλου_.

_ 2167 Ib._ c. iv. _οὕτω καὶ ὁ τῆς φύσεως νόμος τὰ μὲν καθόλου
      συμπεριλαμβάνει προηγουμένως, τὰ δὲ καθ’ ἕκαστα ἐπομένως_.

_ 2168 De Fort._ c. iii. iv.

 2169 Gréard, p. 68 sq.

 2170 Plut. _De Rect. Rat. Aud._ c. vi. _διὸ δεῖ ἀκροάσθαι τοῦ λέγοντος
      ἴλεων καὶ πρᾷων ὥσπερ ἐφ’ ἑστίασιν ἱερὰν καὶ θυσίας ἀπαρχὴν
      παρειλημμένον κτλ._: cf. viii. _ἀλλ’ εἰς διδασκαλεῖον ἀφῖκται τῷ
      λόγῳ τὸν βίον ἐπανορθωσόμενος_: c. xii.

_ 2171 Ib._ c. vii. viii.; cf. Sen. _Ep._ 108, § 6, magnam hanc auditorum
      partem videbis cui philosophi schola diversorium otii sit, etc.;
      Epict. _Diss._ ii. 23.

_ 2172 De Rect. Rat. Aud._ c. ix. _ὅμοιός ἐστι μὴ βουλομένῳ πιεῖν
      ἀντίδοτον ἂν μὴ τὸ ἀγγεῖον ἐκ τῆς Ἀττικῆς κωλιάδος ᾖ κεκεραμευένον_.

_ 2173 Ib._ c. xii.

_ 2174 De Cohib. Ira_, c. i. _τὸ δὲ σφοδρὸν ἐκεῖνο καὶ διάπυρον πρὸς ὀργὴν
      ὁρῶντί μοι πρᾷον οὕτω καὶ χειρόηθες τῷ λογισμῷ γεγενημένον ἐπέρχεται
      πρὸς τὸν θυμὸν εἰπεῖν κτλ._

_ 2175 De Rect. Rat. Aud._ c. xii.; cf. _De Prof._ c. xv. _τίθεσθαι πρὸ
      ὀφθαλμῶν τοὺς ὄντας ἀγαθοὺς ἢ γεγενημένους καὶ διανοεῖσθαι τί δ’ ἂν
      ἔπραξεν ἐν τούτῳ Πλάτων κτλ._

 2176 Trench, _Plut._ p. 33.

_ 2177 De Tranq._ c. xvi. xvii. xiv. xv.

_ 2178 Ib._ c. xix. _ἀγνοουντες ὅσον ἐστὶ πρὸς ἀλυπίαν ἀγαθὸν τὸ μελετᾶν
      καὶ δύνασθαι πρὸς τὴν τύχην ἀνεῳγόσι τοῖς ὄμμασιν ἀντιβλέπειν_.

 2179 Plut. _De Tranq._ c. xi. xiii. xiv. _ὅτι ἕκαστος ἐν ἑαυτῷ τὰ τῆς
      εὐθυμίας καὶ τῆς δυσθυμίας ἔχει ταμεῖα_.

_ 2180 De Prof._ c. xiv. _δήμωμα δὲ αὐτοῦ πρῶτα μὲν ὁ πρὸς τὰ ἐπαινούμενα
      ζῆλος καὶ τὸ ποιεῖν εἴναι προθύμους, ἃ θαυμάζομεν, κτλ._

_ 2181 Ib._ c. i.-iv.

_ 2182 Ib._ c. x. _ὁ δὲ ἐτὸς γενομένος καὶ φῶς μέγα ἰδὼν οἷον ἀνακτόρων
      ἀνοιγομένων, ὥσπερ θεῷ τῷ λόγῳ ταπεινὸς συνέπεται κτλ._

_ 2183 Ib._ c. xvii.

_ 2184 Ib._ c. xv.; cf. Sen. _Ep._ 11, § 8; aliquis vir bonus nobis
      eligendus est ... ut sic tanquam illo spectante vivamus, et omnia
      tanquam illo vidente faciamus.

 2185 Plut. (?) _Consol. ad Apoll._ c. vi. vii. sqq.

 2186 M. Aurel. vii. 1; vii. 19; vi. 15; _ἐν δὴ τούτῳ τῷ ποταμῷ τί ἄν τις
      τούτων παραθεόντων ἐκτιμήσειεν ἐφ’ οὗ στῆναι οὐκ ἔξεστιν_: ix. 32;
      cf. _Consol. ad Apoll._ c. x. _καὶ ᾗ φησιν Ἡράκλειτος, ταὐτό τ’ ἔνι
      ζῶν καὶ τεθνηκός_.

_ 2187 Consol. ad Apoll._ c. xvii. _τό τε πολὺ δήπυθεν ἢ μικρὸν οὐδὲν
      διαφέρειν δοκεῖ πρὸς τὸν ἄπειρον ἀφορῶσιν αἰῶνα_.

_ 2188 Ib._ c. xiv.

_ 2189 Ib._ c. xv.; cf. Sen. _Ep._ 99, § 30; _Ep._ 36; _Ep._ 24.

_ 2190 Consol. ad Apoll._ c. xxxiv. xxxv. _καὶ χῶρός τις ἀποτεταγμένος ἐν
      ᾧ διατρίβουσιν αἱ τούτων ψυχαί_: Pind. _Ol._ ii. 106 sqq.

 2191 Plut. _De Virt. Mor._ c. vi.

 2192 S. Aug. _De Civ. Dei_, iv. 27; vi. 2.

 2193 Macrob. _Sat._ i. c. 17; cf. _Roman Society in the Last Century of
      the W. Empire_, p. 77 (1st ed.).

_ 2194 De Def. Or._ c. 2.

_ 2195 De Is. et Osir._ c. lxxix.

_ 2196 De __ΕΙ__ ap. Delph._ c. xix. _ὅθεν οὐδ’ ὅσιόν ἐστιν οὐδὲν τοῦ
      ὄντος λέγειν ὡς ἦν ἢ ἔσται_.

_ 2197 De Is. et Osir._ c. 54, 78; _De __ΕΙ__ ap. Delph._ c. 20; _Def.
      Or._ c. 9, _ad fin._; Oakesmith, _Rel. of Plut._ p. 88; Zeller,
      _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 2, p. 148; _De Is. et Osir._ c. 40, 66;
      _non p. Suav._ c. 22, _βοηθεῖν πέφυκεν, ὀργίζεσθαι δὲ καὶ κακῶς
      ποιεῖν οὐ πέφυκεν_: _De Ser. Num. Vind._ c. iv. v. xviii.; Nitsch,
      _De Plut. Theologo_, p. 8; Gréard, _Morale de Plut._ p. 263; cf.
      Burgmann, _Seneca’s Theologie_, pp. 14-20.

 2198 Zeller, iii. 2, p. 152; _De Is._ c. 45-49; _De St. Rep._ c. 33.

 2199 Plut. _De An. Procr._ c. 6.

 2200 Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 2, p. 155; Plat. _Tim._ 29, 30.

 2201 Diog. Laert. ix. § 18, _γέγραφε δὲ καὶ [Ξενοφάνης] ἰάμβους καθ’
      Ἡσιόδου καὶ Ὁμήρου ἐπισκώπτων αὐτῶν τὰ περὶ θεῶν εἰρημένα_: _v._
      extracts in Ritter and Preller, _Hist. Phil._ p. 82; Plat. _Rep._
      ii. pp. 378-380.

 2202 Plut. _De Is._ c. xxiii. _ὃς (Εὐήμερος) ... πᾶσαν αθεότητα
      κατασκεδάννυσι τῆς οἰκουμένης_.

 2203 Plut. _De Def. Or._ c. 18, 21.

 2204 Sen. _Ep._ 10, § 5; _Ep._ 41, § 1; Pers. ii. 73; Max. Tyr. _Diss._
      xi. § 8, _σὺ μὲν ἡγεῖ τὴν τοῦ φιλοσόφου εὐχὴν αἴτησιν τῶν οὐ
      παρόντων· ἐγὼ δὲ ὁμιλίαν καὶ διάλεκτον πρὸς τοὺς θεοὺς περὶ τῶν
      παρόντων, κτλ._: Martha, _Moralistes sous l’Emp._ p. 163; Denis,
      _Idées Morales_, ii. p. 245 sqq.

 2205 Of the life of Maximus of Tyre little is known. He began his career
      as a teacher probably about 155 A.D. Like other philosophers of his
      time, he had travelled widely. See the references to Arabia and
      Phrygia in _Diss._ viii., _e.g._ § 8, _Ἀράβιοι μὲν σέβουσι μὲν
      ὅντινα δὲ οὐκ οἶδα· τὸ δὲ ἄγαλμα εἶδον, λίθος ἦν τετράγωνος_. Cf.
      Zeller, iii. 2, p. 183 n.

 2206 Max. Tyr. _Diss._ iv. § 7.

_ 2207 Ib._ xvi. § 1, § 8.

_ 2208 Ib._ xvii. § 8.

_ 2209 Ib._ § 10.

 2210 Max. Tyr. _Diss._ xvii. § 11.

_ 2211 Ib._ xi. § 2, § 7.

_ 2212 Ib._ viii. § 2, _ἀλλ’ ἀσθενὲς ὃν κομιδῇ τὸ ἀνθρωπεῖον καὶ διεστὸς
      τοῦ θείου ὅσον οὐρανοῦ γῆ, σημεῖα ταῦτα ἐμηχανήσατο_.

 2213 Chrys. _Or._ xii. § 59 (404 R).

 2214 Max. Tyr. _Diss._ x. § 3, _ἡ ψυχὴ ... ἐδεῖτο φιλοσοφίας μουσικῆς
      τινος κτλ._ Cf. § 5, _πάντα μεστὰ αἰνιγμάτων καὶ παρὰ ποιηταῖς καὶ
      παρὰ φιλοσόφοις_.

_ 2215 Ib._ x. § 3.

 2216 Plut. _De Is._ lxviii.; xx.; Max. Tyr. x. §§ 5-7; cf. Macrob. _Som.
      Scip._ i. 2, 7-19; Hatch, _Hibbert Lec._ p. 55 sq.

 2217 Plut. _De Is._ lxvi. _ad fin._

 2218 Plut. _De Is._ c. lxvii. _ὥσπερ ἥλιος καὶ σελήνη καὶ οὐρανὸς καὶ γῆ
      κοινὰ πᾶσιν, ὀνομάζεται δ’ ἄλλος ὑπ’ ἄλλων, οὕτως ἑνὸς λόγου τοῦ
      ταῦτα κοσμοῦντος καὶ μιᾶς προνοίας ἐπιτροπευούσης, καὶ δυνάμεων
      ὑπουργῶν ἐπὶ πάντας τεταγμένων, ἕτεραι παρ’ ἑτέροις κατὰ νόμους
      γεγόνασι τιμαὶ καὶ προσηγορίαι, κτλ._

_ 2219 Ib._ c. lxi.; xxxv.; cf. Herodot. ii. c. 50.

 2220 Plut. _De Is._ c. xxxv.

_ 2221 Ib._ c. xx.

 2222 Plut. _De Is._ c. xxiii. _πᾶσαν ἀθεότητα κατασκεδάννυσι τῆς
      οἰκουμένης_.

_ 2223 Ib._ c. lxvi.

 2224 Apul. _De Deo Socr._ c. vi. (133).

 2225 Max. Tyr. _Diss._ xiv. §§ 7, 8.

 2226 Cf. Rohde, _Psyche_, ii. 361, 1. M. Aurel. v. 10, 27, _ὅτι ἔξεστί
      μοι μηδὲν πρᾶττειν παρὰ τὸν ἐμὸν θεὸν καὶ δαίμονα_: vii. 17; Epict.
      i. 14, § 12, _καὶ (ὁ θεὸς) ἐπίτροπον ἑκάστῳ παρέστησε, τὸν ἑκάστου
      δαίμονα, καὶ παρέδωκε φυλάσσειν αὐτὸν αὐτῷ, κτλ._

 2227 Plut. _De Sera Num. Vind._ c. xxii.

 2228 Apul. _De Deo Socr._ c. xiii.; Max. Tyr. xv. § 4; Plut. _De Def.
      Or._ c. x.

 2229 Plut _De Def. Or._ c. xvii.

 2230 Max. Tyr. xv. § 3.

 2231 Plut. _De Def. Or._ c. xviii.

_ 2232 Ib._ c. xxi.

 2233 Plut. _De Is._ c. xxv.; _De Def. Or._ c. x.

 2234 Hes. _Op. et D._ 125; cf. Rohde, _Psyche_, i. p. 96.

 2235 For the spiritual influences at work _v._ Lobeck, _Aglaoph._ p. 312;
      Grote, i. p. 23; Bury, _Hist. of Greece_, p. 312; Hardie,
      _Lectures_, p. 57.

 2236 Diog. Laert. i. 27, _ἀρχὴν δὲ τῶν πάντων ὕδωρ ὑπεστήσατο, καὶ τὸν
      κόσμον ἔμψυχον καὶ δαιμόνων πλήρη_.

_ 2237 Heracl. Reliq._ p. 26 Bywater, _Ἀθάνατοι θνητοί, θνητοὶ ἀθάνατοι
      ζῶντες τὸν ἐκείνων θάνατον, τὸν δὲ ἐκείνων βίον τεθνεῶντες. ὁ δὲ
      Ἡράκλειτός φησιν ὅτι καὶ τὸ ζῆν καὶ τὸ ἀποθανεῖν καὶ ἐν τῷ ζῆν ἡμᾶς
      ἐστι καὶ ἐν τῷ τεθνάναι, κτλ._ Cf. _ἀνὴρ νήπιος ἤκουσε πρὸς δαίμονος
      ὅπωσπερ παῖς πρὸς ἀνδρός_. Ritter and Preller, _Hist. Phil._ p. 23;
      Diog. Laert. ix. 1, § 7.

 2238 Ritter and Preller, _Hist. Phil._ pp. 126, 7; Hild, _Étude sur les
      Démons_, p. 228.

 2239 Diog. Laert. viii. 1, § 30 sqq.

 2240 Pind. _Ol._ ii. 105 sqq. _ἔνθα μακάρων νᾶσος ὠκεανίδες αὖραι
      περιπνέοισιν· ἄνθεμα δὲ χρυσοῦ φλέγει τὰ μὲν χερσόθεν ἀπ’ ἀγλαῶν
      δενδρέων, ὕδωρ δ’ ἄλλα φέρβει_.

_ 2241 Sympos._ 202 E; _Polit._ 271 D; _Phaed._ 107 D, 108 B; _Tim._ 90 A.

 2242 Max. Tyr. _Diss._ xiv. § 8.

 2243 Plat. _Rep._ ii. 377-380.

 2244 Plut. _De Is._ c. xlv. _αἰτίαν δὲ κακοῦ τἀγαθὸν οὐκ ἂν παράσχοι, δεῖ
      γένεσιν ἰδίαν καὶ ἀρχήν, ὥσπερ ἀγαθοῦ καὶ κακοῦ, τὴν φύσιν ἔχειν_:
      cf. Hatch, _Hibbert Lec._ p. 218.

_ 2245 De Is._ c. xxvi. _ὡς τῶν δαιμόνων μικτὴν καὶ ἀνώμαλον φύσιν ἐχόντων
      καὶ προαίρεσον_: _De Def. Or._ c. x., c. xvi.

_ 2246 De Is._ c. xxv.

 2247 Mr. Oakesmith thinks that Plutarch tended to identify them, _Rel. of
      Plut._ p. 127.

 2248 Tatian, _Adv. Gr._ 20; Clem. Alex. _Ad Gent._ 26; Cypr. _Ep._ 75,
      10; Min. Felix, c. 26, 27, isti igitur impuri spiritus daemones, ...
      sub statuis et imaginibus delitescunt, et adflatu suo auctoritatem
      quasi praesentis numinis consequuntur, dum inspirant interim vates,
      dum fanis immorantur ... sortes regunt, oracula efficiunt, falsis
      pluribus involuta, etc. Cf. Tertull. _Apol._ c. xxii. operatio eorum
      est hominis eversio.... Itaque corporibus quidem et valitudines
      infligunt et aliquos casus acerbos, etc. Cf. _De Idol._ c. ix;
      Maury, _La Magie_, p. 99 sqq.

 2249 Aug. _De Civ. Dei_, viii. 14-22.

 2250 Cic. _De Div._ ii. 57, 117, cur isto modo jam oracula Delphis non
      eduntur ... ut nihil possit esse contemptius? Strab. vii. 7, 9,
      _ἐκλέλοιπε δέ πως καὶ τὸ μαντεῖον τὸ ἐν Δωδώνῃ καθάπερ τἆλλα_.

 2251 Herodot. viii. 134.

 2252 Plut. _De Def. Or._ c. v. viii.

 2253 D. Cass. lxiii. 14, _καὶ τὸ μαντεῖον κατέλυσεν, ἀνθρώπους ἐς τὸ
      στόμιον, ἐξ οὗ τὸ ἱερὸν πνεῦμα ἀνῄει, σφάξας_.

 2254 Plut. _De Def. Or._ c. ii.

_ 2255 De Pyth. Or._ c. xxix.; _v._ Gréard, p. 252.

_ 2256 De Pyth. Or._ c. x. _τοῦτό γε μᾶλλον ῥίψαι καὶ διασπεῖραι λόγους
      ... οἷς πλανωμένοις ἀπῄντῃσε πολλάκις ἡ τύχη, κτλ._

_ 2257 De Pyth. Or._ c. xi.

_ 2258 Ib._ c. v. xvii.

_ 2259 Ib._ c. xix.

_ 2260 Ib._ c. xxiii.

_ 2261 Ib._ c. xxiv.

_ 2262 Ib._ xxii. _τραφεῖσα ἐν οἰκίᾳ γεωργῶν πενήτων κτλ._

_ 2263 De Pyth. Or._ c. xxv. _πλείστης μέντοι ποιητικὴν ἐνέπλησεν ἀδοξίας
      τὸ ἀγυρτικὸν καὶ ἀγοραῖον καὶ περὶ τὰ μητρῷα καὶ σεράπεια βωμολόχον
      καὶ πλανώμενον γένος κτλ._

_ 2264 De Def. Or._ c. viii.

_ 2265 Ib._ c. ix. _εὐηθές γὰρ κομιδῇ τὸ οἴσεθαι τὸν θεὸν αὐτὸν ...
      ἐνδυόμενον εἰς τὰ σώματα τὼν προφητὼν ὑποφθέγγεσθαι_; c. xlviii.;
      _De Pyth. Or._ c. xxi.

_ 2266 De Def. Or._ xlii. _ψυχῆς τὸ μαντικὸν ὥσπερ ὄμμα δεῖται τοῦ
      συνεξάπτοντος οἰκείου καὶ συνεπιθήγοντος_.

_ 2267 Ib._ c. x. xii. _φύσεις εἰσί τινες ἐν μεθορίῳ θεῶν καὶ ἀνθρώπων,
      δεχόμεναι πάθη θνητά, οὗς δαίμονας ὀρθῶς ἔχει κατὰ νόμον πατέρων
      σέβεσθαι_: cf. Plat. _Sympos._ 202 E; Apul. _De Deo Socr._ c. vi.;
      Max. Tyr. _Diss._ xiv. §§ 2-8.

_ 2268 De Def. Or._ c. xliii. _τῶν δὲ περὶ αὐτὴν (τὴν γῆν) δυνάμεων πῆ μὲν
      ἐκλείψεις πῆ δὲ γενέσεις ... εἰκὸς ἐστι συμβαίνειν, κτλ._

_ 2269 Ib._ c. xxxviii.; Maury, p. 149.

 2270 Plut. _De Def. Or._ c. xlvi.

_ 2271 De Gen. Socr._ c. xi. xx.; cf. Hild, _Étude sur les Démons_, p. 263
      sqq.

_ 2272 De Gen. Socr._ c. xi. _ἀκούω δὲ καὶ τὴν ἐν Σικελίᾳ τῆς Ἀθηναίων
      δυνάμεως φθορὰν προειπεῖν αὐτόν κτλ._

 2273 Plut. _De Gen. Socr._ c. xx.

 2274 Philostr. _Apoll. T._ vi. 11.

_ 2275 De Gen. Socr._ c. xx. _αἱ δὲ τῶν δαιμόνων φέγγος ἔχουσαι τοῖς
      δυναμένοις ἐλλάμπουσιν, οὐ δεόμεναι ῥημάτων οὐδ’ ὀνομάτων κτλ. οὕτως
      οἱ τῶν δαιμόνων λόγοι διὰ πάντων φερόμενοι μόνοις ἐνηχούσι τοῖς
      ἀθόρυβον ἦτος καὶ νήμενον ἔχουσι τὴν ψυχήν· οὓς δὲ καὶ ἱεροὺς καὶ
      δαιμονίους ἀνθρώπους καλοῦμεν_; cf. _De Def. Or._ c. xxxvii.

_ 2276 De Def. Or._ c. xxxix.

_ 2277 De Def. Or._ c. xxxix.

 2278 Cic. _De Nat. Deor._ i. 17, 42, § 117; ii. 28, § 70; _De Div._ ii.
      72; Sen. _Ep._ 123; Boissier, _Rel. Rom._ i. 23.

 2279 Lamprid. _Com._ c. 9.

 2280 Vop. _Aurelian._ c. 35, § 3.

 2281 Plut. _De Superst._ c. 5, 6, _ἡ μὲν ἀθεόθης ἀπάθεια πρὸς τὸ θεῖόν
      ἐστι ... ἡ δὲ δεισιδαιμονία πολυπάθεια κακὸν τὸ ἀγαθὸν ὑπονοοῦσα_.

_ 2282 De Superst._ c. 3, _μόνη γὰρ οὐ σπένδεται πρὸς τὸν ὕπνον ... εἴδωλα
      φρικώδη καὶ τεράστια φάσματα καὶ ποινάς τινας ἐγείρουσα καὶ
      στροβοῦσα τὴν ἀθλίαν ψυχήν_.

_ 2283 Ib._ c. 4, _συνάπτουσα τῷ θανάτῳ κακῶν ἐπίνοιαν ἀθανάτων_.

_ 2284 Ib._ c. 6, _φοβοῦνται τοὺς θεοὺς καὶ καταφεύγουσιν ἐπὶ τοὺς θεούς,
      κολακεύουσι καὶ λοιδοροῦσιν_. Cf. Bacon’s _Essays, Of Superstition_,
      “It were better to have no opinion of God at all, than such an
      opinion as is unworthy of Him.”

 2285 Gréard, p. 269.

 2286 Luc. i. 65; iii. 991; cf. Cic. _De Div._ ii. 72.

 2287 Apul. _Met._ xi. c. 24.

 2288 Juv. vi. 523, 547; Mart. vii. 54; Luc. _Philops._ c. 7-13.

 2289 Eurip. _Ion_, 104.

 2290 Liv. xliii. 13.

 2291 Cic. _De Div._ ii. 24.

 2292 Tac. _Ann._ xi. 15, rettulit deinde ad senatum super collegio
      haruspicum, ne vetustissima Italiae disciplina per desidiam
      exolesceret.

 2293 Warde Fowler, _Rom. Festivals_, p. 343.

 2294 D. Cass. lii. 36, _τοὺς δὲ ξενίζοντάς τι περὶ τὸ θεῖον καὶ μίσει καὶ
      κόλαζε_.

 2295 Suet. _Octav._ xxxi.

 2296 Cic. _De Leg._ ii. 9; Fowler, _Rom. Fest._ p. 233.

 2297 Ov. _Fast._ iii. 285; Lucr. i. 131; Liv. i. 20.

 2298 Val. Max. i. 3, 3; cf. Cic. _De Div._ ii. 43.

 2299 Aul. Gell. iii. 10.

 2300 Cic. _In Catil._ iii. 4; cf. Plut. _Vit. Cic._ c. 17.

 2301 Suet. _Octav._ xciv. xcvii.

 2302 Cf. D. Cass. lxvi. 9, _τούς τε ἀστρολόγους ἐκ τῆς Ῥώμης ἐξώρισεν
      (Οὐεσπασιανὸς) καίτοι πᾶσι τοῖς ἀρίστοις χρώμενος_.

 2303 Suet. _Dom._ x. interemit Met. Pompeianum quod habere imperatoriam
      genesin vulgo ferebatur.

 2304 Tac. _Ann._ xii. 52; ii. 32, 75; D. Cass. xlix. 43; Suet. _Vitell._
      xiv.

 2305 Suet. _Tib._ lxix., circa deos negligentior quippe addictus
      mathematicae, etc.

_ 2306 Ib._ xiv. Yet cf. his love of mythical _nugae_, _ib._ lxx.

 2307 Juv. x. 94. See the remarkable chapters in Tac. _Ann._ vi. 21-22.

 2308 Tac. _Ann._ xii. 52.

 2309 Suet. _Ner._ lx.; xxxiv., facto per magos sacro evocare manes et
      exorare tentavit.

_ 2310 Ib._ xl.

 2311 Suet. _Galb._ xviii.

 2312 Suet. _Otho_, iv.

 2313 Tac. _Hist._ i. 22.

 2314 Suet. _Otho_, vii. viii.

 2315 Tac. _Hist._ ii. 50.

 2316 Suet. _Vitell._ iii. xi. xiv.

 2317 Tac. _Hist._ ii. 62.

 2318 D. Cass. lxv. 1, _ἀντιπαρήγγειλαν ἀπαλλαγῆναι ἐκ τοῦ βίου ἐντὸς τῆς
      ἡμέρας κτλ._

_ 2319 Ib._ lxvi. 9, 10.

 2320 Tac. _Hist._ ii. 78.

 2321 Suet. _Titus_, v. viii. ix.

 2322 Id. _Dom._ xiv. xv.

 2323 Suet. _Dom._ x. xiv. xv. xvi.; D. Cass. lxvii. 15, _πάντως γὰρ καὶ ὁ
      Δομιτιανὸς τῶν πρώτων τάς τε ἡμέρας καὶ τὰς ὥρας ἐν αἷς ἐγεγένητο
      διασκοπῶν ... προανήλισκε_.

 2324 Spart. _Hadr._ c. 16; cf. Renan, _L’Égl. Chrét._ c. 2.

 2325 Spart. _Hadr._ c. 2, § 4.

 2326 D. Cass. lxix. 11, _μαντείαις μαγγανείαις τε παντοδαπαῖς ἐχρῆτο
      κτλ._

 2327 Spart. _Hadr._ c. 16, § 7.

 2328 Id. _M. Anton._ c. 19.

 2329 D. Cass. lxxi. 8.

 2330 Luc. _Alex._ c. 35, 47.

 2331 M. Aurel. x. 5; ix. 27: on the Stoic belief in divination, _v._ Cic.
      _De Div._ i. 38 (82); Zeller, _Phil. der Griechen_, iii. 1, p. 313
      sqq.

 2332 Plin. _Ep._ iii. 5, § 4.

 2333 Plin. _Ep._ vii. 27.

_ 2334 Ib._ i. 18, v. 5, 5; cf. Mayor’s learned note on iii. 5, 4;
      Gregorovius, _Hadrian_, p. 229 sqq.

 2335 Suet. _Jul. Caes._ lxxvii.

 2336 Id. _Octav._ xciii.

 2337 Cf. Macé, _Suétone_, p. 59 sqq.

 2338 Apul. _Met._ iv. 27; i. 8; cf. Petron. _Sat._ 62, 63.

_ 2339 v._ Fabian, _Quid Tac. de num. div. judicaverit_, pp. 7, 13, 16,
      21, 24, 29; Nipperdey, _Einleitung_, xiv. xxvi.; Tac. _Hist._ v. 5;
      ii. 38; _Ann._ iii. 18; vi. 22; xiv. 12; cf. Peter, _Die Gesch.
      Litt._ ii. p. 221.

 2340 Tac. _Agric._ c. 2, 4; _Hist._ iv. 5; _Ann._ xiv. 12.

_ 2341 Agric._ c. 45; _Hist._ i. 2; iii. 37; _Ann._ i. 7.

_ 2342 Ann._ i. 1.

_ 2343 Hist._ i. 3 _ad fin._

_ 2344 Ann._ xvi. 33, aequitate deum erga bona malaque documenta.

_ 2345 Ib._ vi. 22; cf. Mackail, _Rom. Lit._ p. 210.

_ 2346 Hist._ i. 22, genus hominum potentibus infidum sperantibus fallax,
      quod in civitate nostra et vetabitur semper et retinebitur; cf.
      _Hist._ v. 4; _Ann._ vi. 28; iv. 58; cf. Fabian, p. 19.

_ 2347 Hist._ ii. 50.

_ 2348 Ib._ iv. 81; cf. Nipperdey, _Einl._ xxvi.

_ 2349 Hist._ ii. 50; iv. 81; i. 6; i. 18; v. 13; _Ann._ i. 65; ii. 14;
      _Hist._ iii. 56; iv. 83; cf. Fabian, _Quid Tac. de num. div.
      judicaverit_, p. 19.

 2350 Peter, _Gesch. Litt._ ii. p. 42.

 2351 Tac. _Hist._ iii. 83, simul cruor et strues corporum, juxta scorta
      et scortis similes, etc.

 2352 Suet. _Nero_, c. iv. vi.

 2353 Id. _Calig._ xxi. xxii. xxix. xxxiv. xxxvii.; cf. Mackail, _Rom.
      Lit._ p. 213.

 2354 Suet. _Nero_, lvii.

 2355 Epict. _Diss._ ii. 7, § 10, _τί οὖν ἡμᾶς ἐπὶ τὸ συνεχῶς μαντεύεσθαι
      ἄγει; Ἡ δειλία, τὸ φοβεῖσθαι τὰς ἐκβάσεις_.

_ 2356 Ib._ _ὡς ὁ ὁδοιπόρος πυνθάνεται ... ποτέρα τῶν ὁδῶν φέρει ... οὕτως
      ἔδει καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν θεὸν ἔρχεσθαι, ὡς ὁδηγόν_. Cf. _Ench._ 32.

 2357 Warde Fowler, _Roman Festivals_, p. 72; Preller, _Rom. Myth._ (Tr.),
      p. 381.

 2358 Philostr. _Vit. Soph._ ii. p. 273, _ἐθαύμαζε δὲ τὸν Ἡρώδην ὡς
      ποικιλώτατον ῥητόρων_: cf. _Praef. Jac. Perizonii ed. Aeliana_,
      Gronov.; Suid. _καὶ ἐσοφίστευσεν ἐν Ῥώμῃ αὐτῇ ἐπὶ τῶν μετὰ Ἁδριανὸν
      χρόνων_.

 2359 Ael. _Var. Hist._ xi. 13.

_ 2360 v._ _Fragm. Ael. ap. Gronov._ p. 1014.

_ 2361 Ib._ p. 1022.

_ 2362 Ib._ p. 1024.

_ 2363 Ib._ p. 1023.

_ 2364 Ib._ p. 1011.

_ 2365 Ib._ p. 1030.

_ 2366 Fragm. Ael._ pp. 1009, 1034.

_ 2367 Ib._ p. 1013.

_ 2368 Ib._ p. 1049.

_ 2369 Ib._ p. 1051.

_ 2370 v._ Jebb’s _Aristides_, _Collect. Hist._ § vi.

 2371 Philostr. _Vit. Soph._ ii. p. 253.

 2372 Friedl. _Sittengesch._ iii. p. 440 sqq.; Baumgart, _Ael. Aristides
      als Repräsentant der Soph. Rhet._ pp. 68, 96.

 2373 Baumgart rejects Welcker’s view of the essentially religious
      character of Aristides, pp. 112, 113.

 2374 Baumgart, pp. 62, 102, Bald ist in der ganzen Heilungsgeschichte
      dies die Hauptsache, dass nun sein Rhetorentum die höchste Weihe
      erhalten habe.

 2375 Id. p. 62.

 2376 Baumgart, pp. 60, 61.

 2377 Id. p. 64.

_ 2378 v._ c. iii. of Pater’s _Marius the Epicurean_.

 2379 Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ iii. 44; D. Cass. lxix. 22, _Ἁδριανὸς δὲ
      μαγγανείαις μέν τισι καὶ γοητείαις ἐκενοῦτό ποτε τοῦ ὑγροῦ_.

 2380 Caton, _Temples and Ritual of Asklepios_, p. 27.

 2381 Baumgart, p. 97; cf. Aristid. _Or._ p. 574 (Jebb’s Ed.), 531.

 2382 Aristid. _Or._ p. 530 (Jebb).

 2383 Caton, p. 29.

 2384 Maury, _La Magie_, p. 231.

 2385 S. Hieron. in _Is._ c. lv. p. 482.

 2386 Pausan. ix. 39, § 4; Max. Tyr. _Diss._ xiv. 2.

 2387 Plut. _De Def. Or._ c. 41-46; Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ i. 8; cf.
      Maury, _La Magie_, p. 237.

 2388 Apul. _Met._ xi. c. 22.

 2389 Max. Tyr. xvi. i.; Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ ii. 37; vi. 11.

 2390 See a list in Tertullian, _De Anima_, c. 46.

 2391 Strab. xvii. 17 (1052).

 2392 Diod. Sic. i. 25.

 2393 Cic. _De Div._ i. 58.

 2394 Wolff, _De Nov. Orac. Aet._ p. 29.

 2395 Caton, p. 28.

 2396 Diod. Sic. i. 25.

 2397 Wolff, _De Nov. Orac. Aet._ p. 31, Ejus sacerdotes fraudibus famosi
      opportune Isidis templo Pompeiano culpae convicti sunt; ubi ipse
      scalinam vidi secretam, etc. Maury, _La Magie_, pp. 237-8.

 2398 Cf. Maury, p. 240.

 2399 See a list in Caton, p. 36 sq.

 2400 Caton, p. 28; Pausan. ii. 27, § 5; cf. Strab. viii. 6, § 15.

 2401 Caton, pp. 40, 38.

 2402 Baumgart, p. 101.

 2403 Cf. Aristid. _Or._ 536-538 (Jebb, t. i.).

 2404 Aristid. _Or._ 537, _Ἕβρος πᾶς ἠπείρωτο ὑπὸ κριστάλλου, πεδία δὲ
      λιμνάζοντα_.

_ 2405 Ib._ 538, _καὶ τέλος, οἱ ἰατροὶ κατέτεμνον ἐκ τοῦ στήθους ἀρξάμενοι
      πάντα ἑξῆς ἄχρι πρὸς τὴν κύστιν κατω. κτλ._

_ 2406 Ib._ 541, _οὔτε βοηθεῖν εἴχον οὔτε ἐγνώριζον τὴν ποικιλίαν τῆς
      νόσου. τοσοῦτον δ’ οὖν συνέδοξεν εἰς τὰς πηγὰς τὰς θερμὰς κομίσαι._
      Cf. 514, _κτλ._, and _Collect. Hist. ad an._ 160, in Jebb’s Ed.

_ 2407 Ib._ 504.

_ 2408 Ib._ 554, _τὸ δὲ στῆθος ἔξω παρεωθεῖτο καὶ τὸ νῶτον εἰς τοὔπισθεν
      ἀντεσπᾶτο ἠρέμει δὲ οὐδὲν τοῦ σώματος, κτλ._

 2409 Arist. _Or._ 501-3, 506, 531, 532.

 2410 Aristid. _Or._ 521.

_ 2411 Ib._ 504-5, 541-2.

 2412 Baumgart, p. 101; Aristid. _Or._ p. 550 (Jebb, t. i.).

 2413 Aristid. _Or._ 553; Baumgart, p. 99.

 2414 Aristid. _Or._ 506, 515; cf. Baumgart, p. 122.

 2415 Aristid. _Or._ 505, _οἱ δὲ ἐνεκάλουν ὡς λίαν ἅπαντα ἐπὶ τοῖς
      ὀνείρασι ποιουμένῳ, κτλ._

_ 2416 Ib._ 529.

 2417 Baumgart, p. 64, und dabei entwickelte sich der Glaube, dass er dem
      Asklepios alles verdanke, Leib, Leben, und speciell die Gabe der
      Rede, etc.; cf. p. 68, erhebt er ihn auch als den eigentlichen
      Verleiher und Spender seiner rednerischen Gaben, etc., p. 69, er dem
      Gotte einen stärkeren und bleibenden Einfluss auch auf die
      Gestaltung seines inneren Lebens zuschreibt.

 2418 Id. p. 69.

 2419 Aristid. _Or._ 512, _εὐθὺς ἐξ ἀρχῆς προεῖπεν ὁ θεὸς ἀπογράφειν τὰ
      ὀνείρατα_.

 2420 Baumgart, pp. 112, 123.

 2421 On his vanity _v._ Baumgart, p. 110. The most glaring example is in
      _Or. Sac._ 4, 591-2, _ἐξεβόησα, εἶς, λέγων τὸν θεόν, καὶ ὅς ἔφη, σὺ
      εἶ_.

 2422 Artemid. _Oneirocrit._ iii. 66.

_ 2423 Ib._ i. 1, _διὰ τὴν εὐχρηστίαν οὐ μόνον τὴν ἡμῶν αὐτῶν ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν
      μετέπειτα ἐσωμένων ἀνθρώπων_.

_ 2424 Ib._ Cf. Tertullian, _De An._ 46, 47.

 2425 Artemid. _Oneirocrit._ _οὐ γὰρ ἀπὸ πείρας ἀλλ’ αὐτοσχεδιάζοντες ...
      οὕτως ἔγραφον_. Praef.

_ 2426 Ib._ ii. 70, _ad fin._

_ 2427 Ib._ i. Praef., _οὐκ ἔστιν ὅ τι βιβλίον οὐκ ἐτησάμην
      ὀνειροκριτικόν_.

 2428 Artemid. _Oneirocrit._ iv. 71.

_ 2429 Ib._ _ἀλλὰ ποτὲ μὲν ἁπλῶς λέγουσι, ποτὲ δὲ αἰνίσσονται ... ἐπειδὴ
      καὶ σοφώτεροι ὄντες ἡμῶν αὐτῶν οὐδὲν ἡμᾶς ἀβασανίστως βούλονται
      λαμβάνειν_.

_ 2430 Ib._ ii. 69.

 2431 Maury, p. 241.

 2432 Artemid. _Oneirocrit._ iv. Praef.

_ 2433 Ib._ ii. 4.

_ 2434 Ib._ i. 13, 17.

_ 2435 Ib._ i. 22.

_ 2436 Ib._ i. 37, 39.

_ 2437 Ib._ i. 51.

_ 2438 Ib._ i. 66.

_ 2439 Ib._ v. 18.

 2440 Artemid. _Oneirocrit._ v. Praef.

 2441 Luc. _Concil. Deor._ c. 12, _ἀλλ’ ἤδη πᾶς λίθος καὶ πᾶς βωμὸς
      χρησμῳδεῖ, κτλ._ Cf. Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ iv. 14.

 2442 Cic. _De. Div._ ii. 57, cur isto modo iam oracula Delphis non
      eduntur non modo nostra aetate, sed jamdiu, jam ut nihil possit esse
      contemptius?

 2443 Strab. ix. 3, 4, (419), _ὠλιγώρεται δ’ ἱκανῶς καὶ τὸ ἱερόν, κτλ._:
      vii. 7, 9, (328) (Dodona); xvii. 1, 43 (Ammon).

 2444 Plut. _De Def. Or._ c. 5.

 2445 Plut. _De Def. Or._ c. 8, 38.

 2446 Id. _Cic._ c. 5.

 2447 Tac. _Ann._ ii. 54.

 2448 Suet. _Tib._ c. xiv.

 2449 Id. _Calig._ c. lvii.

 2450 Id. _Nero_, xl.

 2451 Tac. _Hist._ ii. 78.

 2452 Suet. _Tit._ c. v.

 2453 Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ iv. 24.

 2454 Luc. _Alex._ c. 29.

 2455 Friedl. _Sittengesch._ iii. p. 469.

 2456 D. Cass. lxiii. 14.

_ 2457 v._ Wolff. _De Nov. Orac. Aet._ p. 5.

_ 2458 Ib._ pp. 6, 52.

 2459 Luc. _Alex._ c. 3, _ὀφθαλμοὶ πολὺ τὸ γοργὸν καὶ ἔνθεον
      διεμφαίνοντες, κτλ._

 2460 Luc. _Alex._ c. 4, 5.

_ 2461 Ib._ c. 8, _ῥᾳδίως κατενόησαν τὸν τῶν ἀνθρώπων βίον ὑπὸ δυοῖν
      τούτοιν μεγίστοιν τυραννούμενον_.

_ 2462 Ib._ c. 9.

_ 2463 Ib._ c. 12.

_ 2464 Ib._ c. 15-18.

_ 2465 Ib._ c. 20.

 2466 Luc. _Alex._ c. 23, _ἐτέτακτο δὲ καὶ μισθὸς ἐφ’ ἑκάστῳ χρησμῷ δραχμὴ
      καὶ δύ’ ὀβολώ_.

 2467 If I am right in interpreting Lucian’s statement, _ἀλλ’ εἰς ἑπτὰ ἢ
      ὀκτὼ μυριάδας ἑκάστου ἔθους ἤθροιζεν_.

 2468 Luc. _Alex._ c. 23, _ἅπασιν ἔνεμεν ἑκάστῳ τὸ κατ’ ἀξίαν_.

_ 2469 Ib._ c. 24.

_ 2470 Ib._ c. 51, _ἀλλὰ καὶ βαρβάροις πολλάκις ἔχρησεν ... Συριστὶ ἢ
      Κελτιστί_.

_ 2471 Ib._ c. 30, _ἀλλόκοτα περὶ τῶν θεῶν πεπιστευκώς, κτλ._

_ 2472 Ib._ c. 31.

_ 2473 Ib._ c. 32.

_ 2474 Ib._ c. 30, _ἐν πολλαῖς τάξεσι ἐξητασμένος_.

 2475 Luc. _Alex._ c. 35.

_ 2476 Ib._ c. 38, _εἴ τις ἄθεος ἢ Χριστιανὸς ἢ Ἐπικούρειος ἥκει
      κατάσκοπος τῶν ὀργίων, κτλ._: cf. 25, _λέγων ἀθέων ἐμπεπλῆσθαι καὶ
      Χριστιανῶν τὸν Πόντον, κτλ._

_ 2477 Ib._ c. 46.

_ 2478 Ib._ cc. 53 sqq.

 2479 Jul. Capitol. _M. Ant._ cc. 22, 17.

 2480 Luc. _Alex._ cc. 36-48.

 2481 Luc. _Alex._ c. 38.

 2482 Friedl. _Sittengesch._ iii. 456.

_ 2483 Or. Henz._ 1810, 5320; cf. Preller, _Rom. Myth._ (Tr.), p. 415.

 2484 D. Cass. lxix, 11; cf. Gregorov. _Hadrian_, p. 128.

 2485 Luc. _De Morte Peregr._ c. 29.

 2486 Jul. Capitol. _M. Ant._ c. 18, hodieque in multis domibus M.
      Antonini statuae consistunt inter deos penates ... sacrilegus
      judicatus est qui ejus imaginem in sua domo non habuit.

 2487 Max. Tyr. _Diss._ xiv. 8.

 2488 Petron. _Sat._ 17.

 2489 Herod. i. 60.

 2490 Preller, _Myth. Rom._ p. 65, 66, 387.

 2491 Cf. _Or. Henz._ Ind. pp. 27, 28; _v._ especially 1730 (genius
      Jovis), 1812 (Neronis), 193 (Arvernorum), 2204 (Col. Ostiensis), 689
      (municipii), 1704 (legionis), 4113 (pavimentariorum), 6628 (fontis).

_ 2492 Or. Henz._ 2135, Sei Deo Sei Deivae Sac. etc.; 1580, Aesculapio et
      Hygiae caeterisque diis deabusque hujus loci Salutaribus; 5902,
      Hospitibus diis Mauricis et genio loci, etc.

 2493 Cf. Tertull. _Apol._ c. 24.

_ 2494 Or. Henz._ 1997-2001; cf. D. Cass. lxxvii. 15.

_ 2495 Or. Henz._ 823, 1967.

_ 2496 Ib._ 1959, 1986, 1954; cf. _C.I.L._ xii. 1556, 3097; viii. 9195,
      4578, 8834.

 2497 Friedl. _Sittengesch._ iii. pp. 482-4.

_ 2498 Or. Henz._ 1580.

_ 2499 Or. Henz._ 5689.

_ 2500 Ib._ 1560.

_ 2501 Ib._ 1632, 4, 7; Nymphis ob reditum aquarum, etc.

_ 2502 Ib._ 5758.

 2503 Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ iv. 16, _Θετταλοὶ γὰρ τὰ ἐναγίσματα χρόνον
      ἤδη πολὺν εκλελοίπασί μοι_.

 2504 Friedl. _Sittengesch._ iii. p. 479.

 2505 Orig. _C. Celsum_, lib. iii. p. 124, ed. Spencer; lib. vii. p. 334,
      Friedl. iv. p. 458; S. Aug. _De Civ. D._ xix. 23, quis ita stultus
      est qui non intelligat ... consilio simili ab impuris daemonibus ita
      fuisse responsa, etc.; cf. viii. 22, mirabilibus et fallacibus
      signis sive factorum sive praedictorum deos se esse persuaserunt.

 2506 Herodot. vi. 86.

 2507 Plut. _Non posse suav. vivi_, etc. c. 26 sq.; _De Ser. Num. Vind._
      c. 18.

 2508 Plat. _Phaed._ 85 D, _εἰ μή τις δύναιτο ἀσφαλέστερον ἐπὶ βεβαιοτέρου
      ὀχήματος [ἢ] λόγου θείου τινὸς διαπορευθῆναι_.

 2509 Soph. _O.C._ 1055.

 2510 Sellar’s _Virgil_, p. 367; cf. Boissier, _Rel. Rom._ i. 367.

 2511 Cic. _Tusc._ i. 16, sub terra censebant reliquam vitam agi
      mortuorum; cf. F. de Coulanges, _La Cité Ant._ p. 8.

_ 2512 Or. Henz._ 4525.

_ 2513 Ib._ 4433, posticum cum apparitorio, et compitum a solo pecun. sua
      fecerunt, etc.; cf. 4353; Petron. c. 71.

 2514 Marq. _Priv._ i. 367.

 2515 Cf. Duruy, _Hist. Rom._ v. 637.

 2516 Aesch. _Choeph._ 92, 488; F. de Coulanges, _La Cité Ant._ p. 16.

_ 2517 Or. Henz._ 7364, 7338, 4076, 4417, 4422.

_ 2518 Ib._ 4428, somno aeterno sacr. ... fecerunt sibi et suis libertis
      libertabusque, etc., 4631, 4435.

_ 2519 Ib._ 4781, 3, 5, 6, 4790, quisquis hoc sustulerit aut laeserit
      ultimus suorum moriatur.

_ 2520 Or. Henz._ 4775, 4419, 4420, 4415, 4737; T. Lollius positus propter
      viam ut dicant praeterientes, Lolli ave, cf. 4745.

 2521 Fowler, _Rom. Festivals_, p. 307.

_ 2522 Or. Henz._ 4414, 4417, nam curatores substituam qui vescantur ex
      horum hortorum reditu natali meo et praebeant rosam in aeternum. Hos
      neque dividi neque alienari volo.

_ 2523 Ib._ 4084, 4100, 4420.

 2524 Marq. _Priv._ i. 362; Mau, _Pompeii_, p. 421 sqq.; cf. Cic. _Tusc._
      i. 16.

_ 2525 Or. Henz._ 4737.

_ 2526 Ib._ 7396, 7402, vivite felices qui legitis.

 2527 Cic. _Tusc._ i. 12, 27, quas (caeremonias sepulcrorum) ingeniis
      praediti nec tanta cura coluissent, nec violatas tam inexpiabili
      religione sanxissent, nisi haereret in eorum mentibus mortem non
      interitum esse omnia tollentem, etc.

 2528 Aelian, _Fr._ p. 1023 (Gronov.).

 2529 S. Paulin. Nol. _Carm._ 27; S. Aug. _Ep._ 22, _Serm._ v. xvii.; cf.
      Sidon. Apoll. v. 17; Bingham, _Antiq. of Chr. Church_, ii. p. 1165.

 2530 Fowler, _Rom. Festivals_, p. 108.

_ 2531 Or. Henz._ 4775, horis nocturnis ut eum videam, et possim dulcius
      et celerius aput eum pervenire.

_ 2532 Ib._ 7346.

 2533 Marq. _Priv._ i. pp. 438-9; Preller, _Rom. Myth._ (Tr.), p. 331.

 2534 Momms. _Rom. Hist._ i. p. 189; Tertull. _Apol._ xv. vidimus et Jovis
      fratrem gladiatorum cadavera cum malleo deducentem.

 2535 Fowler, _Rom. Festivals_, p. 211.

 2536 Luc. _Philops._ c. 6.

_ 2537 Ib._ c. 16.

_ 2538 Ib._ cc. 22-24.

_ 2539 Ib._ c. 27.

 2540 Plut. _Cim._ c. 1, _ἐπὶ πολὺν χρόνον εἰδώλων τινῶν ἐν τῷ τόπῳ
      προφαινομένων, ὡς οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν λέγουσι, κτλ._

 2541 Plin. _Ep._ vii. 27.

 2542 Suet. _Calig._ c. 59.

 2543 D. Cass. lxii. 17.

 2544 Lobeck, _Aglaoph._ i. p. 221.

 2545 D. Cass. lvii. 15.

 2546 Suet. _Nero_, c. xxxiv.

 2547 Max. Tyr. xv. 7.

 2548 Boissier, _Rel. Rom._ i. p. 316.

_ 2549 Ib._ p. 279; cf. Conington, _Introd. Aen._ vi. p. 419; Rohde,
      _Psyche_, ii. p. 165.

 2550 Grote, ii. p. 518 (ed. 1862).

 2551 Mommsen, _R. Hist._ i. p. 187; Preller, _Rom. Myth._ pp. 197, 407,
      438.

_ 2552 Aen._ vi. 289.

_ 2553 Ib._ 313, 416.

_ 2554 Ib._ 441.

_ 2555 Ib._ 472.

_ 2556 Ib._ 555.

_ 2557 Ib._ 600.

_ 2558 Ib._ 608.

_ 2559 Aen._ 640; cf. Pind. _Ol._ ii. 130.

_ 2560 Aen._ vi. 645.

_ 2561 Ib._ 748; cf. Conington’s _Virg. Introd. Aen._ vi. p. 419; Lobeck,
      _Aglaoph._ ii. 798.

 2562 Diog. Laert. _Vit. Pythag._ viii. 1, § 14; _πρῶτόν τέ φασι τοῦτον
      ἀποφῆναι τὴν ψυχὴν κύκλον ἀνάγκης ἀμείβουσαν ἄλλοτ’ ἄλλοις ἐνδεῖσθαι
      ζῴοις_: S. Aug. _De Civ. D._ vii. 6; cf. Liebaldt, _Theolog. Varr._
      i. p. 14; Cic. _Rep._ vi. 15-25; Macrob. _Som. Scip._ i. 14.

 2563 Rohde, _Psyche_, ii. 161, n. 1, 34, 312; Cic. _De N. D._ i. 11, 27;
      Pythagoras qui censuit animum esse per naturam rerum omnem intentum
      et commeantem, ex quo nostri animi carperentur, etc.

_ 2564 Aen._ vi. 756 sqq.

_ 2565 C.I.L._ iv. 2361, 1982; Mau, _Pompeii_, 486-8; Friedl. iii. p. 300.

 2566 Sen. _Ad. Marc._ xix. 4; Cic. _Tusc._ i. 21, 48; Juv. xiii. 48;
      Plut. _De Superst._ c. 4.

 2567 Luc. _De Luctu_, cc. 1-10.

 2568 Plut. _Non p. Suav._ c. 27.

 2569 Id. _De. Ser. Num. Vind._ iv. 44; _De Gen. Socr._ c. 22.

 2570 Luc. _De Luctu_, c. 10; Friedl. iii. p. 632; Rohde, _Psyche_, i. p.
      306, n. 3; Maury, _La Magie_, p. 158.

_ 2571 Or. Henz._ 4443.

_ 2572 Ib._ 1197.

_ 2573 Ib._ 2982.

_ 2574 Ib._ 4433, 4416, 4417.

_ 2575 Ib._ 4662, 4755.

_ 2576 Or. Henz._ 4581, 4841, 4849, 4701, 7352.

_ 2577 Ib._ 7392.

_ 2578 Rel. Rom._ i. 342.

_ 2579 Or. Henz._ 1192.

_ 2580 Ib._ 7387, 4809, 4810, 4811, 4807, 4813, vixi dum vixi bene; jam
      mea peracta mox vestra agetur fabula; velete et plaudite, 7411.

_ 2581 Or. Henz._ 4806, 7; 4; 4816, hic secum habet omnia. Balnea, vina,
      venus corrumpunt corpora nostra, set vitam faciunt.

_ 2582 Ib._ 7407.

_ 2583 C.I.L._ ii. 1877.

_ 2584 Or. Henz._ 6674, dum vixi bi(bi) libenter; bibite vos qui vivitis.

_ 2585 Ib._ 7410—miscete Lyaeum, etc., caetera post obitum tellus consumit
      et ignis.

 2586 Boissier, _Rel. Rom._ i. 312-316; Thiersch, _Politik und Phil. in
      ihrem Verhältn. zur Rel._ p. 13.

 2587 Boissier, _Rel. Rom._ i. 310.

 2588 Lucret. iii. 952, 991.

_ 2589 Ib._ 844 sqq.

 2590 Plut. (?) _De Plac. Phil._ iv. 7, _οἱ Στωικοὶ ἐξιοῦσαν ἐκ τῶν
      σωμάτων ὑποφέρεσθαι, τὴν μὲν ἀσθενεστέραν ἅμα τοῖς συγκρίμασι
      γενέσθαι· τὴν δὲ ἰσχυροτέραν, οἵα ἐστὶ περὶ τοὺς σοφούς, καὶ μέχρι
      τῆς ἐκπυρώσεως_.

 2591 Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 1, p. 185; Cic. _Tusc._ i. 32, 79.

 2592 Zeller, iii. 1, p. 711, keine Seelenthätigkeit ist ohne körperliche
      Bewegung möglich; Renan, _Averroès_, pp. 128 sq., 418; Rohde,
      _Psyche_, ii. p. 309.

 2593 Cf. Graham, _Creed of Science_ (2nd ed.), p. 183, “The poets must
      count for much in the argument, since they possess in higher degree
      than others the great creative faculty of imagination which outlines
      the province of the possible”; Jowett, _Plato_, i. pp. 389 sqq.,
      etc.

 2594 Sall. _Catil._ c. 51.

 2595 Plin. _H. N._ vii. 55, 188.

 2596 Cf. Plut. (?) _Cons. ad Apoll._ c. xii. xiii.

 2597 Sen. _Ad Marc._ c. xix.

 2598 Sen. _Ep._ 54, 99, § 30; _De Prov._ vi. § 6; _Ad Marc._ 25.

 2599 Quint. _Inst._ v. 14, 13, cum, soluta corpore anima an sit
      immortalis vel ad tempus certe maneat, sit in dubio.

 2600 Tac. _Agric._ c. 46; cf. Rohde, _Psyche_, ii. p. 318, n. 3.

 2601 Spart. _Hadr._ c. 13, § 3; 14, § 3; 17, § 9; cf. Gregorovius, p.
      303.

 2602 Spart. _Hadr._ 13, § 1.

_ 2603 Ib._ c. 15, § 12; 16, § 8.

 2604 Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 1, p. 660 n.

 2605 Epict. _Diss._ iii. 6, § 10.

 2606 A. Gell. xv. 11.

 2607 Ael. Spart. _Hadr._ c. 16.

 2608 Epict. _Diss._ iv. 5, § 17.

 2609 M. Aurel. i. 7, _καὶ τὸ ἐντυχεῖν τοῖς Ἐπικτητείοις ὑπομνήμασιν ὧν
      οἴκοθεν μετέδωκε_.

 2610 Epict. _Diss._ ii. 1, § 17.

_ 2611 Ib._ iii. 24, § 93; cf. M. Aurel. iv. 14, 21, and Rohde, _Psyche_,
      ii. 330.

 2612 Epict. _Diss._ iii. 13, § 15.

_ 2613 Ib._ § 14, _ὅταν δὲ μὴ παρέχῃ τἀναγκαῖα, τὸ ἀνακλητικὸν σημαίνει,
      τὴν θύραν ἤνοιξε, καὶ λέγει σοι, Ἔρχου, Ποῦ; Εἰς οὐδὲν δεινόν· ἀλλ’
      ὅθεν ἐγένου, εἰς τὰ φίλα καὶ συγγενῆ, εἰς τὰ στοιχεῖα_.

_ 2614 Diss._ i. 9, § 14, _ἄφες ἡμᾶς ἀπελθεῖν ὅθεν ἐληλύθαμεν κτλ._

 2615 Überweg, _Hist. Phil._ i. p. 237.

 2616 Zeller, iii. 1, p. 735.

_ 2617 Phaedo_, 86 B.

 2618 Zeller, iii. 1, p. 740; Überweg, _Hist. Phil._ i. p. 237.

 2619 Jul. Capit. _M. Ant._ c. 13; c. 21; cf. Merivale, _Rom. Hist._ viii.
      pp. 335-6.

 2620 M. Aurel. vii. 67; Zeller, iii. 1, p. 677.

 2621 M. Arnold, _Essays in Criticism_, p. 427.

 2622 M. Aurel. iii. 3, _εἰ δὲ ἐν ἀναισθησίᾳ, παύσῃ πόνων καὶ ἡδονῶν
      ἀνεχόμενος, καὶ λατρεύων τοσούτῳ χείρονι τῷ ἀγγείῳ ἢ περίεστι τὸ
      ὑπηρετοῦν_: Rohde, _Psyche_, ii. pp. 327-28.

 2623 ix. 3, _οὕτως ἐνδέχεσθαι τὴν ὥραν ἐν ᾓ τὸ ψυχάριόν σου τοῦ ἐλύτρου
      τούτου ἐκπεσεῖται_.

 2624 xii. 30-32.

 2625 vi. 42, 47; ix. 29, 32; vi. 15; vii. 19; vi. 36, _πᾶν τὸ ἐνεστὼς τοῦ
      χρόνου, στιγμὴ τοῦ αἰῶνος_: Rohde, _Psyche_, ii. p. 147.

 2626 M. Aurel. vi. 49, _μήτι δυσχεραίνεις ὅτι τοσῶνδέ τινων λιτρῶν εἶ καὶ
      οὐ τριακοσίων; οὕτω δὲ καὶ ὅτι μέχρι τοσῶνδε ἐτῶν βιωτέον σοι καὶ οὐ
      μέχρι πλείονος_.

 2627 M. Aurel. ix. 32, _ἀχανὲς δὲ τὸ πρὸ τὴς γενέσεως ὡς καὶ τὸ μετὰ τὴν
      διάλυσιν ὁμοίως ἄπειρον_.

_ 2628 Ib._ vi. 36, _ἡ Ἀσία, ἡ Εὐρώπη, γωνίαι τοῦ κόσμου ... Αθως βωλάριον
      τοῦ κόσμου_.

_ 2629 Ib._ vii. 35.

_ 2630 Ib._ x. 33; v. 11; v. 27.

_ 2631 Ib._ xi. 1.

_ 2632 Ib._ vi. 16; vi. 2; vi. 51; vii. 21, _ἐγγὺς μὲν ἡ σὴ περὶ πάντων
      λήθη ἐγγὺς δὲ ἡ πάντων περὶ σοῦ λήθη_.

_ 2633 Ib._ xi. 1; vii. 1.

 2634 M. Aurel. vi. 46, 47; vii. 3; ix. 30.

_ 2635 Ib._ vi. 47; cf. Luc. _Icaromenippus_, c. 18; _Traj. sive Tyr._ c.
      8; _Charon_, c. 17; _Menip._ c. 15, _ἀλλ’ ὅμοια τὰ ὀστᾶ ἦν, ἄδηλα
      καὶ ἀνεπίγραφα κτλ._

 2636 M. Aurel. vii. 19, _διὰ τῆς τῶν ὅλων οὐσίας, ὡς διὰ χειμάρρου,
      διεκπορεύεται πάντα τὰ σώματα_. Cf. ix. 29, _χειμάρρους ἡ τῶν πάντων
      αἰτία· πάντα φέρει_.

_ 2637 Ib._ vii. 49; vii. 1; ix. 14; x. 23; xi. 1.

 2638 M. Aurel. iv. 32.

_ 2639 Ib._ xi. 1.

_ 2640 Ib._ ix. 29, _μηδὲ τὴν Πλάτωνος πολιτείαν ἔλπιζε, ἀλλ’ ἀρκοῦ εἰ τὸ
      βραχύτατον πρόεισι_.

_ 2641 Ib._ vii. 47; ix. 34.

 2642 Sen. _Ep._ 109, § 9.

 2643 Sen. _Ep._ 57, § 7.

_ 2644 Ib._ 73, § 16; _Ep._ 83.

 2645 Id. _De Prov._ iv. § 7, quos amat indurat, exercet.

 2646 Id. _De Ben._ iv. 4; _De Ira_, ii. 27.

 2647 Sen. _Ep._ 65, § 22; 102, § 26; _Ad__ Helv._ 11, § 7; _Ad Marc._ 24,
      § 5. Cf. Plat. _Phaed._ 83 C, D. Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ vi. 11;
      vii. 26.

 2648 Plat. _Phaed._ 79 C; 81 A.

 2649 Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 1, p. 185.

 2650 Sen. _Ad Marc._ c. 19, 20; cf. Plut. (?) _Consol. ad Apoll._ c. 15,
      _εἰς τὴν αὐτὴν οὖν τάξιν οἱ τελευτήσαντες καθίστανται τῇ πρὸ τῆς
      γενέσεως_: cf. _ib._ c. 34.

 2651 Sen. _Ep._ 36; 71, § 12; _Ad Marc._ 19, § 4. Cf. Rohde, _Psyche_,
      ii. p. 328.

 2652 Sen. _Ep._ 102, § 21.

_ 2653 Ep._ 120, § 14; 102, § 28, aliquando naturae tibi arcana
      retegentur: discutietur ista caligo ... nulla serenum umbra
      turbabit, cf. Rohde, _Psyche_, ii. p. 328, n. 4. Rohde, like Zeller,
      seems to me not to recognise sufficiently how far Seneca has
      departed from the old Stoicism.

_ 2654 Ep._ 26, § 5; _Ad Marc._ xxv.

 2655 See the apocryphal letters, p. 477, of Haase’s ed. of Sen.; cf.
      Lightfoot, _S. Paul’s Ep. to the Philippians_, p. 268 sqq. Zeller,
      _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 1, p. 637, n. 1; Baur, _Ch. Hist._ i. p.
      16.

 2656 Sen. _Ep._ 108, § 17; cf. Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ i. 7, 8.

 2657 Sen. _Nat. Qu._ vii. 32, § 2, Pythagorica illa invidiosa turbae
      schola praeceptorem non invenit.

 2658 Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 2, p. 95.

 2659 Herodot. ii. 123.

 2660 Herodotus never mentions Orpheus, but speaks of _τὰ Ὀρφικά_, ii. 81;
      nor do the schol. on Homer allude to him (Lob. _Aglaoph._ i. p. 540;
      cf. _Aglaoph._ p. 255 sqq.). His existence was denied by Aristotle
      (Cic. _De Nat. Deor._ 1. 38, 108). Plato seems to be as assured of
      it as Iamblichus, _Cratyl._ 402; cf. Iambl. _Pythag._ 145, 243.

 2661 Iambl. _Pythag._ 151; Lobeck, _Aglaoph._ i. p. 238.

 2662 Cic. _De Leg._ ii. 14, 36, neque solum cum laetitia vivendi rationem
      accepimus, sed etiam cum spe meliore moriendi.

 2663 Plut. _Cons. ad Ux._ c. 10.

 2664 Plat. _Phaed._ 70 C; 69 C.

 2665 Plat. _Rep._ ii. 364 B.

 2666 Cf. Gardner and Jevons, p. 268, who think the ceremonies never were
      indecent. Rohde, i. p. 289.

 2667 Herodot. ii. 81; Iambl. _Pythag._ 151; Rohde, _Psyche_, ii. p. 103.

 2668 Baur, _Ch. Hist._ ii. p. 178.

 2669 Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 2, p. 99.

 2670 Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ i. 7, 8; cf. Sen. _Ep._ 108, §§ 17-20.

 2671 Zeller, iii. 2, p. 122.

 2672 Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ i. 2; cf. Zeller, iii. 2, p. 134, n.; Baur,
      _Ch. Hist._ ii. pp. 174, 206.

 2673 Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ iv. 20; iii. 41; i. 11, 16; vi. 40.

 2674 Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ ii. 37; vi. 11.

_ 2675 Ib._ iv. 16.

_ 2676 Ib._ iv. 16.

_ 2677 Ib._ viii. 31, _περὶ ψυχῆς δὲ, ὡς ἀθάνατος εἴη, ἐφιλοσόφει ἔτι
      διδάσκων μὴν ὅτι ἀληθὴς ὁ ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς λόγος, πολυπραγμονεῖν δὲ μὴ
      ξυγχωρῶν τὰ ὦδε μεγάλα_.

 2678 Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ viii. 31, _ἢ τὶ μετὰ ζῳοῖσον ἐὼν περὶ τῶνδε
      ματεύεις;_

 2679 Plut. (?) _Consol. ad Apoll._ c. 34; cf. c. 15.

_ 2680 Ib._ c. 7 sqq.

_ 2681 Ib._ c. 36, _τεθνεῶτας γὰρ δεῖ κρίνεσθαι κτλ._

_ 2682 Consol. ad Ux._ c. 3.

_ 2683 Consol. ad Ux._ c. 4, 6.

_ 2684 Consol. ad Apoll._ c. 17-24.

_ 2685 De Ser. Num. Vind._ c. 18 (561 A).

_ 2686 Ib._ _οὐδέν ἐστι πρὸς ἡμᾶς τοὺς ζῶντας ἀλλ’ ἀπιστοῦνται καὶ
      λανθάνοισιν_.

_ 2687 Non p. Suav._ c. 26, 27.

_ 2688 Ib._ c. 23 (1103).

_ 2689 Non. p. Suav._ c. 30, 26.

_ 2690 Ib._ c. 27, _δι’ ἣν ὀλίγου δέω λέγειν πάντας καὶ πάσας εἶναι
      προθύμους τῷ Κερβέρῳ διαδάκνεσθαι ὅπως ἐν τῷ εἶναι διαμένωσι μηδ’
      ἀναιρεθῶσι_.

_ 2691 Ib._ c. 28.

_ 2692 Ib._ c. 28, _ἡλίκης ἑαυτοὺς χαρᾶς ἀποστεροῦσι ... καὶ τὸν φίλον
      πατέρα καὶ τὴν φίλην μητέρα καί που γυναῖκα χρησθὴν ὄψεσθαι μὴ
      προσδοκῶντες μηδ’ ἔχοντες ἐλπίδα τῆς ὁμιλίας ἐκείνης καὶ
      φιλοφροσύνης ἣν ἔχουσιν οἱ τὰ αὐτὰ Πυθαγόρᾳ καὶ Πλάτωνι δοξάζοντες_.

_ 2693 Consol. ad Apoll._ c. 36.

_ 2694 De Ser. Num. Vind._ c. 16: cf. Gréard, _De la Morale de Plut._ p.
      283; Oakesmith, _Rel. of Plut._ p. 111 sqq.

_ 2695 De Ser. N. Vind._ v. c. 17, _εἷς οὖν, ἔφην, λόγος ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν
      πρόνοιαν καὶ τὴν διαμονὴν τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης ψυχῆς βεβαιῶν, κτλ._

_ 2696 Ib._ c. 17 (560 F).

_ 2697 Ib._ c. 17, ad fin.

 2698 Rohde, _Psyche_, ii. pp. 275, 279; Jowett’s _Plato_, i. p. 396; Pl.
      _Phaed._ 85 C, D; 60 B, C; 69 C; _Meno_ 81 A; _Phaed._ 114 D, _τὸ
      μὲν οὖν τοιαῦτα διισχυρίσασθαι οὕτως ἔχειν, οὐ πρέπει νοῦν ἔχοντι
      ἀνδρί, κτλ._

 2699 Plut. _De Ser. Num. Vind._ c. 22 (563 C).

_ 2700 Ib._ _εἶτα ῥηγνυμένης ἀτρέμα τῆς πομφόλυγος, ἐκβαίνειν τύπον
      ἐχούσας ἀνθρωποειδῆ, τὸν δ’ ὄγκον εὐσταλεῖς κτλ._

 2701 Plut. _De Ser. Num. Vind._ c. 22 (565).

_ 2702 Ib._ c. 22 (566), _ἔδοξεν ἀφορᾶν κρατῆρα μέγαν, εἰς δὲ τούτον
      ἐμβάλλοντα ῥεύματα τὸ μὲν ἀφροῦ θαλάσσης ἢ χιόνων λαμπρότερον κτλ._

 2703 Plut. _De Ser. Num. Vind._ c. 22 (567 D), _πάντων δὲ πάσχειν ἔλεγεν
      οἰκτρότατα τὰς ἤδη δοκούσας ἀφεῖσθαι τῆς Δίκης, εἶτ’ αὖθις
      συλλαμβανομένας· αὖται δ’ ἦσαν ὧν εἴς τινας ἐκγόνους ἢ παῖδας ἡ
      ποινὴ περιῆλθεν κτλ._

 2704 Cf. Pausan. ix. 39, § 5; Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ viii. 19; Plut.
      _De Gen. Socr._ c. 21, 22 (589, 590); cf. Gardner and Jevons, _Greek
      Antiq._ pp. 267-8.

 2705 Plut. _De Gen. Socr._ c. 22 (590), _ἀναβλέψας δὲ τὴν μὲν γῆν οὐδαμοῦ
      καθορᾶν, νήσους δὲ λαμπομένας μαλακῷ πυρί κτλ._

_ 2706 Ib._ (591).

 2707 Plut. _De Fac. in Orb. Lun._ c. 30.

 2708 Boissier, _Rel. Rom._ i. p. 67.

 2709 W. Fowler, _Rom. Festivals_, p. 89.

_ 2710 Ib._ p. 229.

 2711 Cic. _De Div._ i. 5, 9, existimo ... si Dii sint, esse qui divinent;
      i, 38, 82; si sunt Dii, neque ante declarant hominibus quae futura
      sint, aut non diligunt homines, aut quid eventurum sit ignorant.
      This argument is attributed to Chrysippus and Diogenes in ii. 49,
      101.

 2712 Sen. _Frag._ 39 (Aug. _De Civ. D._ vi. 11). See Varro’s opinion,
      _ib._ vi. 5.

_ 2713 De Civ. Dei_, vi. 4.

 2714 Cic. _De Nat. D._ ii. 28, 70; cf. Sen. _Frag._ 39, cf. _Ep._ 95, 47.

 2715 Cic. _De Div._ i. 3, 6.

 2716 Polyb. vi. 56, _καὶ μοι δοκεῖ τὸ παρὰ τοῖς ἄλλοις ἀνθρώποις
      ὀνειδιζόμενον τοῦτο συνέχειν τὰ Ῥωμαίων πράγματα, λέγω δὲ τὴν
      δεισιδαιμονίαν, ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον γὰρ ἐκτετραγῴδεται ... ὥστε μὴ
      καταλιπεῖν ὑπερβολἠν, κτλ._

 2717 Cic. _De Nat. Deor._ iii 17, 43, in illa aureola oratiuncula, cf.
      Sym. _Rel._ iii.

 2718 Boissier, _Rel. Rom._ i. p. 60.

 2719 Aug. _De Civ. D._ vi. 2; cf. Cic. _De Leg._ ii. 13, 33, dubium non
      est quin haec disciplina et ars augurum evanuerit jam et vetustate
      et negligentia.

 2720 D. Cass. liv. 36; cf. W. Fowler’s _Rom. Fest._ p. 343, Preller,
      _Rom. Mythol._ p. 24.

 2721 Suet. _Octav._ c. 30.

_ 2722 Ib._ c. 70, coena _δωδεκάθεος_: cf. Thuc. vi. c. 28, § 1.

 2723 Suet. _Octav._ c. 91, 92.

 2724 D. Cass. liv. 35 _ad fin._

 2725 Ov. _Fasti_, i. 609, hic socium summo cum Jove nomen habet. Sancta
      vocant augusta patres; augusta vocantur Templa, sacerdotum rite
      dicata manu.

 2726 D. Cass. lii. 36, _τὸ μὲν θεῖον πάντῃ πάντως αὐτός τε σέβου καὶ τοὺς
      ἄλλους τιμᾷν ἀνάγκαζε_.

_ 2727 Ib._ xlvii. 15 _ad fin._

_ 2728 Ib._ liv. 6.

 2729 Suet. _Octav._ c. 31.

 2730 D. Cass. li. 20.

 2731 Boissier, _Rel. Rom._ i. 87.

 2732 Momms. _Röm. Staatsr._ ii. p. 1024.

_ 2733 C.I.L._ vi. 2042; cf. 2444 and 2034. Boissier, _Rel. Rom._ i. p
      363.

_ 2734 C.I.L._ vi. 2051, 2.

 2735 Momms. _Röm. Staatsr._ ii. p. 1022.

 2736 Liv. i. 20.

 2737 Habel, _De Pontif. Rom._ p. 45.

_ 2738 Or._ 1080, 1117; cf. Zosim. iv. 36; Amm. Marc. xvi. 10; Sym. _Ep._
      x. 54.

 2739 Habel, _De Pontif. Rom._ p. 13.

_ 2740 Ib._ pp. 16, 17, 62; _C.I.L._ vi. 932, 1984.

 2741 Habel, p. 62.

_ 2742 Ib._ p. 24.

 2743 Jul. Capitol. _M. Ant. Phil._ c. 4.

_ 2744 Ib._ c. 6.

_ 2745 Ib._ c. 16; Lamprid. _Com._ c. 12 (a. 175).

 2746 Jul. Capitol. _M. Ant._ c. 13.

 2747 Tac. _Ann._ iv. 16. Yet he is said to be _circa deos negligentior_,
      c. 69.

_ 2748 Ib._ c. 36.

 2749 Suet. _Claud._ c. 22; Tac. _Ann._ xii. 8.

 2750 Suet. _Otho_, c. 7, 8, 12; _Vitell._ c. 5, 11; Tac. _Hist._ i. 87.

_ 2751 Or._ 2364.

 2752 Tac. _Hist._ iv. 53.

 2753 Suet. _Dom._ c. 5, 15.

 2754 Ael. Spart. _Hadr._ c. 22.

_ 2755 Ib._ 16, § 5; Plin. _Ep._ vi. 21, § 1; Macé, _Suétone_, p. 96;
      Martha, _Moralistes_, p. 184 sq.

 2756 Pater, _Marius_, chap. ii., xxvii.

 2757 Jul. Capitol. _Ant. P._ c. 11.

_ 2758 Ib._ c. 4.

_ 2759 Ib._ c. 13.

 2760 Petron. c. 17.

_ 2761 C.I.L._ iii. p. 1160 sqq.; xii. p. 924 sqq.; _Or. Henz._ iii.;
      _Ind._ pp. 25, 29, 30, 33.

_ 2762 C.I.L._ xii. 3070, 3077; 2383; iii. 2804, 5787; _Or. Henz._ 1244,
      1245.

 2763 Liv. xxi. 38, quem in summo sacratum vertice Poeninum montani
      appellant; _Or. Henz._ 231-6, 5028, 1271.

_ 2764 Or. Henz._ 1267, 1271.

 2765 Petron. _Sat._ 44.

 2766 Jul. Capitol. _Vit. Ant. P._ c. 8; Preller, _Rom. Myth._ p. 185.

 2767 Suet. _Dom._ c. 4.

_ 2768 Or. Henz._ 1561, 1590; _C.I.L._ xii. 4316; iii. 1162.

 2769 Preller, p. 437.

_ 2770 Or. Henz._ 1603.

_ 2771 Ib._ 1613.

_ 2772 Ib._ 1632, 1634, 1637, 5758a.

 2773 Preller, pp. 406-8; _Or._ 1580, 1581, 1572.

_ 2774 Or. Henz._ 2270; cf. Wordsworth, _Specimens of Early Latin_, p.
      158; _C.I.L._ vi. 2024 sqq.

 2775 Preller, p. 293.

 2776 Fowler, _Rom. Festivals_, p. 74, 275.

_ 2777 C.I.L._ vi. 2059, ob inlatum ferrum, etc.

_ 2778 Ib._ vi. 2040, 2041, 2043; Preller, p. 294; Oldenberg, _De Sacris
      Fr. Arv._ p. 5.

 2779 Oldenberg, p. 9.

_ 2780 C.I.L._ vi. 2086.

 2781 Boissier, i. p. 369; Oldenberg, p. 41.

 2782 Boissier, i. p. 374; Preller, p. 295.

_ 2783 C.I.L._ vi. 2023-2113.

_ 2784 Ib._ 2056, ex tabella missa Imp. Vesp. cooptamus, etc.

_ 2785 Ib._ 2024.

_ 2786 Ib._ 2051.

 2787 Jan. 16, 69 A.D.

_ 2788 C.I.L._ vi. 2052.

_ 2789 C.I.L._ vi. 2040, 2041.

_ 2790 Ib._ 2039.

_ 2791 Ib._ 2042.

_ 2792 Ib._ 2044; cf. 2029 (Caligula).

_ 2793 Ib._ 2064, 2067.

_ 2794 Ib._ 2074.

_ 2795 Ib._ 2078.

_ 2796 Ib._ 2086; cf. Flav. Vop. _Probus_, c. 12.

_ 2797 C.I.L._ vi. 2092.

_ 2798 C.I.L._ iii. 5788; _Or._ 1245, 1290.

_ 2799 Or._ 1238, Fulguratori, 1240, 1271, Jovi O. M. tempestatum potenti.

_ 2800 C.I.L._ iii, 1032, 1948, 1590; _Or._ 1269, 1248, 1225, 1269;
      _C.I.L._ xii. 1066.

_ 2801 Or._ 1335.

_ 2802 Ib._ 1410.

_ 2803 Ib._ 1428, 1429, restitutione facta sibi capillorum.

_ 2804 Ib._ 1634.

_ 2805 Ib._ 1572, 1576.

 2806 Plin. _H. N._ ii. 7, 5, fragilis et laboriosa mortalitas in partes
      ista digessit infirmitatis suae memor, ut portionibus coleret
      quisque quo maxime indigeret.

_ 2807 v._ supra, p. 425 sqq.

 2808 Min. Fel. _Octav._ c. 6, quanto venerabilius ac melius antistitem
      veritatis majorum excipere disciplinam, religiones traditas colere,
      deos, quos a parentibus ante imbutus es timere quam nosse
      familiarius, adorare, etc.

 2809 Virg. _Aen._ viii. 343; Ov. _Fasti_, ii. 267; Baronius, _Ann. Eccl._
      viii. 60; Gibbon, c. 36; Fowler, _Rom. Fest._ p. 310.

 2810 Sym. _Relat._ 3.

 2811 Aug. _De Civ. Dei_, ii. 4; Tertull. _Apol._ 13; _Adv. Marc._ i. 13.

 2812 Lucret. ii. 600.

 2813 Aug. _De Civ. Dei_, ii. 8, vii. 24.

_ 2814 C.I.L._ vi. 499, 504, 509, 510, 511, 512; xii. 1782, 1567; _Or._
      1899, 1890, 2335.

_ 2815 De Civ. Dei_, ii. 4, 7, 8; vi. 7; vii. 24.

_ 2816 C.I.L._ ii. 179 (Spain, 108 p. Chr.); iii. 1100, 1443 (Dacia, p.
      Chr. 110); _Or. Henz._ 5839 (Portugal).

 2817 Liv. 29, 10.

_ 2818 Or._ 1906, Navisalviae et matri D. (_v._ note).

 2819 Ov. _Fasti_, iv. 305; Sen. _Frag._ 80; Suet. _Tib._ c. 2.

 2820 Fowler, _Rom. Fest._ p. 70.

 2821 Val. Max. vii. 7, 6; Goehler, _De Matr. Magn. Cultu_, p. 10.

 2822 Lucret. ii. 600; Virg. _Aen._ ix. 620; x. 220; Ov. _A. Am._ i. 507;
      Prop. iii. 17, 35; cf. Preller, p. 484.

_ 2823 C.I.L._ vi. 496.

 2824 Goehler, p. 12.

 2825 Yet cf. D. Cass. lxi. 20, _ἐκιθαρῴδεσέ τε Ἄττιν ὁ Αὔγουστος_.

_ 2826 C.I.L._ x. 1406. Imp. Vesp. templum M. M. terrae motu conlapsum
      restituit.

_ 2827 Ib._ ii. 179 (108 p. Chr.); cf. _Or. Henz._ 5839.

_ 2828 C.I.L._ iii. 1100, 1443.

_ 2829 Ib._ x. 1596 (Naples, p. Chr. 134).

_ 2830 Or. Henz._ 2322.

 2831 Goehler, p. 15.

 2832 Tertull. _Apol._ 25; D. Cass. lxxi. 33.

_ 2833 C.I.L._ vi. 501 (p. Chr. 383); 509, 511, 510, 500.

 2834 Réville, p. 60; Ov. _Fasti_, iv. 251,

        Cum Trojam Aeneas Italos portaret in agros,
          Est dea sacriferas paene secuta rates.

 2835 Ov. _l.c._ 293.

 2836 Aug. _De Civ. Dei_, vi. 8; vii. 25; Jul. _Or._ v. p. 161 D.

 2837 There were many variations of the myth; _v._ Goehler, pp. 2, 3;
      Foucart, _Assoc. Rel._ p. 89; Ov. _Fasti_, iv. 223.

 2838 Réville, p. 64; Preller, p. 485.

 2839 Fowler, _Rom. Festivals_, p. 70; cf. Foucart, _Assoc. Rel._ p. 88,
      for similar treatment at Athens.

_ 2840 C.I.L._ x. 3810; viii. 8203; xii. 1782; ii. 5260.

_ 2841 Ib._ xii. 1782; _Or. Henz._ 2325, 6031; Goehler, p. 40.

 2842 Goehler, p. 12; _C.I.L._ vi. 511, 504, 500.

_ 2843 C.I.L._ iii. 2920; xii. 1567.

_ 2844 Ib._ x. 6074; vi. 502, 508; _Or. Henz._ 7200 (Acte), 2330, 1902,
      2371, 2319, 2325; _C.I.L._ xii. 4322, 4326.

_ 2845 Or. Henz._ 7336, 2322, 6031, 4109, 7197; _C.I.L._ viii. 9401.

 2846 Goehler, p. 45.

_ 2847 C.I.L._ xii. 1782.

_ 2848 Or. Henz._ 2325, 2984.

 2849 Mahaffy, _The Greek World under Roman Sway_, p. 295 sqq.

 2850 Réville, _Rel. unter den Sev._ p. 65; Apul. _Met._ viii. 24 (_v._
      Hildenbrand’s notes.)

 2851 Apul. _Met._ viii. c. 27 (580); cf. Aug. _De Civ. Dei_, ii. 4.

 2852 Apul. _Met._ viii. c. 28 (583).

_ 2853 Ib._ c. 28 (585).

_ 2854 Ib._ c. 30 (589).

_ 2855 C.I.L._ x. 1406; Lamprid. _Alex. Sev._ c. 37.

 2856 Firm. Matern. _De Err. Prof. Rel._ c. 2, 3.

 2857 Réville, p. 66; Goehler, p. 29; Cumont, _Mon. figurés de Mithra_,
      Introd. p. 333; _Or._ 2329, 2330, 1900; _C.I.L._ vi. 497, 500, 511;
      cf. _ib._ x. 1596, where the taurobolium is connected with Venus
      Coelesta (_sic_); Preller, p. 486.

 2858 Tertull. _De Praescrip. Haeret._ 40; Firm. Matern. _De Err. Prof.
      Relig._ c. 27, neminem aput idola profusus sanguis munit ... polluit
      sanguis iste, non redimit.... Tauribolium quid vel criobolium
      scelerata te sanguinis labe perfundit? S. Paulin. Nol. _Poem. Ult._
      112-117.

 2859 Cumont, Introd. pp. 236, 333; Herodot. iv. 103; Eur. _Iph. T._ 1455;
      Strab. v. 3, § 12, p. 240.

 2860 Cumont, p. 334; Gasquet, _Culte de Mithra_, p. 75; Cumont, Introd.
      p. 334, n. 5; Réville, _Rel. unter den Sev._ p. 93, takes an
      opposite view.

 2861 Donsbach, _Die __räumliche__ Verbreitung des Mithrasdienstes_, pp.
      8, 9.

 2862 This is rendered doubtful by Porphyr. _De Abstin._ iv. 16, _ὡς τοὺς
      μὲν μετέχοντας τῶν αὐτῶν ὀργίων μύστας λέοντας καλεῖν (εἰώθασιν).
      τὰς δὲ γυναῖκας ὑαίνας_ (altered by Felicianus to _λεαίνας_); cf.
      Gasquet, p. 98.

_ 2863 C.I.L._ vi. 1778, 9.

 2864 Goehler, p. 55; _C.I.L._ x. 1596; Puteoli, p. Chr. 134; taurobol.
      Veneris Caelestae (_sic_).

_ 2865 Or._ 2382; Goehler, p. 55; cf. _C.I.L._ viii. 8203.

_ 2866 Or._ 2327, ex jussu ipsius; _C.I.L._ xii. 1782, ex vaticinatione
      Archigalli; cf. xii. 4321, 4323.

_ 2867 C.I.L._ xii. 1782.

_ 2868 Ib._ xii. 4321 (_stipe collata_); at private expense, xii. 1568.

_ 2869 Peristeph._ x. 1011; cf. Duruy, v. p. 743.

_ 2870 C.I.L._ xii. 1311, 251, 1822, 4332; _Or._ 2332.

 2871 Goehler, p. 34; Réville, p. 66; Preller, p. 488; Cumont, Introd. p.
      333.

 2872 Goehler, p. 29.

 2873 Lafaye, _Culte des divinités d’Alexandrie_, p. 15; Plut. _De Is. et
      Osir._ c. 28.

 2874 Plut. _De Is. et Osir._ c. 35, addressed to Clea, who was high in
      the worship of Dionysus, and “hereditarily devoted to Osiris.”

 2875 Lamprid. _Com. Ant._ c. 9; Spart. _Sev._ c. 17; Réville, _Rel. unter
      den Sev._ p. 58.

 2876 Foucart, _Assoc. Religieuses_, p. 83.

 2877 Lafaye, pp. 27-32; Paus. i. 18, § 4.

 2878 Lafaye, p. 38.

_ 2879 v._ Plut. _De Is. et Osir._ c. 53, _τὸ τῆς φύσεως θῆλυ_, c. 52,
      _οὐχ ἑτέραν τῆς σελήνης_: c. 38, _οὕτος Ἴσιδος σῶμα γῆν ἔχουσι καὶ
      νομίζουσιν, οὐ πάσαν, ἀλλ’ ἧς ὁ Νεῖλος ἐπιβαίνει σπερμαίνων_: cf. c.
      32; c. 56, _Ὄσιριν ὡς ἀρχήν, τὴν δὲ Ἴσιν ὡς ὑποδοχήν, τὸν δὲ Ὥρον ὁς
      ἀποτέλεσμα_: cf. Herodot. ii. 156; Apul. _Met._ xi. c. 7, matrem
      siderum, parentem temporum, orbisque totius dominam blando mulcentes
      affamine.

 2880 Herodot. ii. 154.

_ 2881 Ib._ 156; cf. Plew, _De Sarapide_, p. 23 sqq.

 2882 Thuc. i. 104.

 2883 Lafaye, p. 15 sqq.

 2884 Plew, _De Sarapide_, p. 10 sqq.

 2885 Tac. _Hist._ iv. 84.

 2886 Plew, _De Sarapide_, p. 15; Preller, p. 478.

 2887 Plew, _De Sarapide_, p. 6.

 2888 Lafaye, p. 17.

 2889 Plut. _De Is. et Osir._ c. 45, 49.

_ 2890 Or._ 1890 sqq.; _C.I.L._ viii. 1005; iii. 4560, 3.

 2891 Aristid. _Or. Sac._ viii. 53, _καὶ ταμίας ὢν τοῦ βιωσίμου κατὰ τοῦτ’
      ἃν δικαίως ἅπαντα περιειληφέναι νομίζοιτο ... ὁ δὲ ὥσπερ κορυφαῖος
      πάντων ἀρχὰς καὶ πέρατα ἔχει_. Cf. Baumgar. _Aristides als
      Repräsentant der Soph. Rhet._ p. 90 sqq.

_ 2892 Or._ 1871, tibi quae es omnia.

 2893 Apul. _Met._ xi. 7.

 2894 Lafaye, p. 43.

 2895 Id. p. 40; Mau, _Pompeii_, p. 163.

 2896 Liv. xxix. 10; Goehler, _De Matris Magnae Cultu_, p. 7.

 2897 Liv. xxxix. 19.

 2898 Preller, _Myth. Rom._ p. 473.

 2899 Plin. _H. N._ xiii. 27; Liv. xl. 29; Momms. _Rom. Hist._ ii. p. 402;
      Lafaye, p. 41.

 2900 Tertull. _Adv. Marc._ i. 13; Firm. Mat. _De Err. Prof. Rel._ 2, § 7,
      cur plangitis fruges terrae et crescentia lugetis semina?

 2901 Apul. _Met._ xi. c. 30, Collegii vetustissimi et sub illis Sullae
      temporibus conditi, etc.

 2902 Tertull. _Apol._ 6; _Ad Nat._ i. 10; prohibitos Capitolio Varro
      commemorat eorumque aras a senatu dejectas nonnisi per vim
      popularium restructas, Val. Max. i. 3, 4; cf. Lewald, _De Peregr.
      Rel. ap. Rom._ p. 10.

 2903 D. Cass. xlii. 26.

 2904 Lafaye, p. 47; Val. Max. vii. 3, 8; cf. App. _B. C._ iv. 47.

 2905 D. Cass. xliii. 27; xlvii. 15.

 2906 Catull. x. 26; Tibull. i. 3, 23; Propert. ii. 33.

_ 2907 Aen._ viii. 698.

 2908 D. Cass. liii. 2, _τὰ μὲν ἱερὰ τὰ Αἰγύπτια οὐκ ἐσεδέξατο εἴσω τοῦ
      πωμηρίου_; cf. liv. 6.

 2909 Lafaye, p. 55, discredits the tale of the seduction, which is given
      by Josephus alone, _B. Jud._ xviii. 3; cf. Tac. _Ann._ ii. 85; Suet.
      _Tib._ 36.

_ 2910 C.I.L._ x. 2, 7563 sqq.

 2911 Suet. _Claud._ 25; cf. D. Cass. lx. 6.

_ 2912 C.I.L._ vi. 353.

 2913 Tac. _Ann._ xv. 36; cf. Suet. _Nero_, 40, 47, varia agitavit, an vel
      Aegypti praefecturam concedi sibi oraret, etc.

 2914 Suet. _Otho_, 12.

 2915 Suet. _Vesp._ iv. v. vii.; Tac. _Hist._ iv. 81.

 2916 Tac. _Hist._ iii. 74; cf. Suet. _Domit._ i.

 2917 Lafaye, p. 61, n. 8.

 2918 Boissier, _Prom. __Archæol._ p. 238; Spart. _Hadr._ c. 26.

 2919 Lamprid. _Commod._ 9.

 2920 Gibbon, c. 28; Amm. Marc. xxii. 16.

_ 2921 C.I.L._ ii. 6004.

 2922 Lafaye, p. 157.

_ 2923 Ib._ p. 158.

 2924 Lafaye, p. 157.

_ 2925 C.I.G._ 5900, _Ἀρχιερεῖ Ἀλεξανδρεῖας καὶ Αἰγύπτου πάσης καὶ
      ἐπιστάτῃ τοῦ Μουσείου καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἐν Ῥώμῃ βιβλιοθηκῶν ... ἐπιστολεῖ
      τοῦ αὐτοῦ αὐτοκράτορος_: cf. Macé, _Suétone_, pp. 92, 116.

 2926 Lucan, _Phars._ viii. 831, nos in templa tuam Romana accepimus Isin;
      ix. 158, jam numen gentibus Isin.

_ 2927 C.I.L._ viii. 2630; cf. Cagnat, _L’Armée Rom. d’Afr._ p. 423. See
      other dedications by officers in _Or. Henz._ 5836, 7.

_ 2928 C.I.L._ viii. 2629, 1002, 4, 5.

_ 2929 Ib._ iii. 881, 2, 1428, 1590, 1342, 4015; _Or. Henz._ 5838.

_ 2930 C.I.L._ iii. 4809; _Or. Henz._ 2035, 5833.

 2931 Tac. _Germ._ 9.

_ 2932 Or. Henz._ 1897.

_ 2933 Ib._ 5836.

 2934 Lafaye, p. 162. For an interesting dedication for the support of the
      worship at Nîmes _v._ _C.I.L._ xii. 3058.

_ 2935 Or. Henz._ 457; cf. Tac. _Hist._ i. 67, in modum municipii
      exstructus locus, amoeno salubrium aquarum usu frequens.

 2936 Lafaye, p. 160; Réville, _Rel. unter den Sev._ p. 53; _C.I.L._ ii.
      3386, Isis puellaris.

 2937 Apul. _Met._ xi. c. 11.

 2938 Lafaye, p. 160, 1.

_ 2939 Met._ xi. c. 24.

 2940 Plut. _De Is. et Osir._ c. 78; Aristid. _Or. Sac._ viii. 52, 53.

 2941 Herodot. ii. c. 50.

_ 2942 Ib._ c. 81; Iambl. _De Pythag. Vit._ § 151, cf. § 14; Porph.
      _Pythag._ § 6; Plut. _De Is. et Osir._ c. 10.

 2943 Philostr. _Apollon. Tyan._ vi. 19; D. Chrys. _Or._ xii. § 68.

 2944 Juv. xv. 3; cf. Cic. _De Nat. Deor._ iii. 15; _Tuscul._ v. 27.

 2945 Plut. _De Is. et Osir._ cc. 72-74.

 2946 Herodot. viii. c. 41.

 2947 Apul. _Met._ xi. c. 11, attollens canis cervices arduas Anubis; cf.
      Juv. vi. 534; Plut. _De Is._ c. 44; Tertull. _Apol._ 6; _Ad Nat._
      ii. 8.

 2948 Mau, _Pompeii_, p. 175.

 2949 Lafaye, p. 106, 7.

_ 2950 Or._ 1871.

 2951 On a Dacian inscription, _C.I.L._ iii. 1590, Placidae Reginae.

 2952 Baumgart, _Ael. Aristides Repräsent. der Soph. Rhet. des zweit.
      Jahr._ p. 91; cf. Hadrian’s letter to Servianus, Vopisc. _Vit.
      Saturn._ c. 8.

 2953 Plut. _De Is._ c. 66, 79.

 2954 Lafaye, p. 101.

 2955 Tac. _Hist._ i. 23; D. Cass. lxxi. 8, _καὶ γάρ τοι λόγος ἔχει
      Ἀρνοῦφιν τινα μάγον Αἰγύπτιον συνόντα τῷ Μάρκῳ κτλ._

 2956 Juv. vi. 581.

_ 2957 Or._ 1882, ex visu; _C.I.L._ vi. 346, 572; v. 484.

 2958 Cic. _De Div._ i. 58, 132; Diod. i. 25; Aristid. _Or. Sacr._ iii. p.
      319 (Jebb).

 2959 Tac. _Hist._ iv. 81, monitu Serapidis, etc.

 2960 Lafaye, p. 104; Aristid. _Or. Sacr._ viii. 55.

 2961 Aristid. _Or. Sacr._ viii. 54, _φιλανθρωπότατος γὰρ θεῶν καὶ
      φοβερώτατος αὐτός, κτλ._

_ 2962 Ib._ viii. 54, _σωτὴρ αὐτὸς καὶ ψυχοπομπός, ἄγων εἰς φῶς καὶ πάλιν
      δεχόμενος κτλ._; Plew, _De Sarapide_, p. 30.

 2963 Rohde, _Psyche_, ii. p. 126; cf. i. 286; Lobeck, _Aglaoph._ i. p.
      239; Hardie, _Lectures on Classical Subjects_, pp. 56, 57. The
      Orphici laid more stress on the moral aspect of immortality than the
      priests of Eleusis did.

 2964 Apul. _Met._ xi. c. 22.

_ 2965 C.I.G._ 6562, _δοίη σοι ὁ Ὄσιρις τὸ ψυχρὸν ὕδωρ_: cf. Plew, _De
      Sarap._ p. 31.

_ 2966 Or._ 1879.

 2967 Pind. _Fr._ 137 (Christ); Soph. _Fr._ 753—

                  _ὡς τρὶς ὄλβιοι_
        _κεῖνοι βροτῶν οἳ ταῦτα δερχένθες τέλη_
        _μόλωσ’ ἐς Ἅιδου._

      Cf. _O.C._ 1051.

_ 2968 C.I.L._ xii. 4321, ex stipe collata.

 2969 Apul. _Met._ xi. c. 28 (813), veste ipsa mea quamvis parvula
      distracta sufficientem corrasi summulum; cf. Tertull. _Apol._ 13.

 2970 Tibull. i. 3, 31, bisque die, resoluta comas, tibi dicere laudes
      Insignis turba debeat in Pharia.

 2971 Apul. _Met._ xi. c. 20 (795), velis candentibus reductis.

 2972 Mart. x. 48, 1, nunciat octavam Phariae sua turba juvencae.

 2973 Mau, _Pompeii_, pp. 171, 172.

 2974 Lafaye, p. 115; _Catal._ No. 222.

 2975 Mau, p. 171; Apul. _Met._ xi. c. 17 (791), intuitans deae specimen
      pristinos casus meos recordabar; Mart. ii. 14, 8.

 2976 Lafaye, p. 126; Plut. _De Is. et Osir._ c. 39, _διὸ μηνὸς Ἀθὺρ
      ἀφανισθῆναι τὸν Ὄσιριν λέγουσιν, __κτλ._: Juv. viii. 29; vi. 534;
      Ov. _Metam._ ix. 692, nunquamque satis quaesitus Osiris; Lucan,
      viii. 831, et quem tu plangens hominem testaris Osirim; Min. Fel. c.
      21.

 2977 Ov. _Am._ i. 8, 74; iii. 9, 30; Prop. ii. 33, 3; Tibull. i. 3, 23.

 2978 Apul. _Met._ xi. c. 11 (774-78); Réville, _Rel. unter den Sev._ p.
      56.

 2979 Plut. _De Is. et Osir._ c. 38, _Νεῖλον Ὀσίριδος ἀπορροὴν ...
      ἔχουσιν_.

 2980 Réville, p. 54; Lafaye, p. 130 sqq.

_ 2981 C.I.G._ 6006; Apul. _Met._ ii. c. 28 (159), propheta primarius, xi.
      c. 17 (788), sacerdos maximus. _Or. Henz._ 2305, C. Ruf. Volusianus
      pater ierofanta profata Isidos; 1878, 6666; _C.I.L._ x. 6445; xii.
      410.

 2982 Lafaye, p. 133.

_ 2983 C.I.L._ xii. 3061, Ornatrix fani Nemausi.

 2984 Lafaye, p. 135.

 2985 Apul. _Met._ xi. c. 17 (789).

_ 2986 Ib._ c. 9 (772), dicati Serapi tibicines.

 2987 Lafaye, p. 138, n. 4.

_ 2988 Or. Henz._ 2355, 6385, 2309.

 2989 Foucart, _Assoc. Religieuses_, p. 117; _Inscr._ 66, 240.

 2990 Mau, p. 478, Cn. Helv. Sabinum aed. Isiaci rogant.

 2991 Foucart, pp. 25-30; _Or. Henz._ 6029, 2313, mater sacrorum; _C.I.L._
      vi. 2277; _Or._ 2308, patrono Sacr. Isidis; Apul. _Met._ xi. c. 30
      (817).

 2992 Lamprid. _Commod._ c. 9.

 2993 Apul. _Met._ xi. c. 22 (800).

 2994 Lafaye, pp. 189, 190; Mau, p. 169.

 2995 Lafaye, p. 149.

 2996 Apul. _Met._ xi. c. 22 (800), Mithram illum suum sacerdotem
      praecipuum, divino quodam stellarum consortio ut aiebat mihi
      conjunctum, sacrorum ministrum decernit.

 2997 Lafaye, pp. 151, 186; Mau, _Pompeii_, p. 174.

 2998 Tibull. i. 3, 30; Mart. xii. 29; Juv. vi. 526; Suet. _Otho_, 12.

 2999 Plut. _De Is._ c. 4, 8, 32.

 3000 Aristid. _Or. Sacr._ xiii. p. 54.

 3001 Apul. _Met._ xi. c. 24.

_ 3002 Ib._

 3003 Cumont, _Monuments Relatifs aux Mystères de Mithra_, Intr. pp. 309,
      310.

 3004 Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 2, p. 101; cf. Macrob. _Sat._ i.
      17; Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ ii. 38; vi. 10, § 1; M. Aurel. xi. 27.

 3005 Cumont, Intr. p. 336; Dieterich, _Eine Mithrasliturgie_, p. 197.

 3006 Flav. Vop. _Aurelian_, c. 36, 39.

 3007 Cumont, Intr. p. 223 sq.; Gasquet, _Le Culte de Mithra_, p. 16 sq.

 3008 Cumont, Intr. p. 225.

 3009 Gasquet, p. 20.

 3010 Cumont, Intr. p. 226 sqq.

 3011 Xen. _Cyrop._ vii. 5, 53; _Oecon._ iv. § 24.

 3012 Cumont, Intr. p. 231; Gasquet, p. 21 sqq.

 3013 Donsbach, _Die räumliche Verbreitung des __Mithrasdienstes_, p. 5.

_ 3014 De Laud. Stilich._ i. 62.

 3015 Luc. _Menippus_, cc. 6-9.

 3016 Cumont, Intr. p. 232.

_ 3017 v._ Cumont, _Inscr. Orient._ i. 2, 3.

 3018 Id. _Inscr. Grecques_, i.

 3019 Cumont, Intr. p. 236.

 3020 Gasquet, pp. 31 and 75; Réville, _Rel. unter den Sev._ p. 93;
      Goehler, _De Matris Mag. Cultu_, p. 55; but cf. Cumont, Intr. pp.
      334-5.

 3021 Gasquet, p. 31.

_ 3022 C.I.L._ vi. 508, 511; cf. Cumont, Intr. p. 235.

 3023 Strab. xv. 3, § 13 (732), _Πέρσαι τοίνυν ἀγάλματα μὲν καὶ βωμοὺς οὐχ
      ἱδρύονται ... τιμῶσι δὲ καὶ Ἥλιον ὃν καλοῦσι Μίθραν, κτλ._

 3024 Cumont, Intr. pp. 181, 237.

 3025 Herod. i. 131; Xen. _Cyrop._ vii. 5, 53; Strab. _l.c._

 3026 Q. Curt. iv. 13, § 48.

 3027 Stat. _Theb._ i. 717; cf. Cumont, _Textes_, p. 47.

 3028 Plut. _De Is. et Osir._ c. 46.

 3029 Luc. _Deor. Concil._ c. 9; _Menippus_, c. 6 sqq.; _Jup. Trag._ c. 8.

 3030 Plut. _Pomp._ c. 24.

_ 3031 Or. Henz._ 5844.

 3032 Cumont, Intr. p. 243, n. 3; Tac. _Ann._ ii. 42; D. Cass. lvii. 17;
      Suet. _Vesp._ c. 8.

_ 3033 C.I.L._ vi. 732. On the date of the _Thebaid_, cf. Teuffel, _Rom.
      Lit._ § 316, n. 3.

 3034 Cumont, Intr. p. 253; cf. Tac. _Ann._ xiii. 35.

_ 3035 C.I.L._ vi. 718, A.D. 102.

 3036 Cumont, Intr. p. 265, _Inscr._ No. 133.

 3037 Réville, p. 81.

 3038 Cumont, Intr. p. 274, n. 6.

_ 3039 Ib._ p. 275; Donsbach, pp. 15-17.

 3040 Cumont, p. 265, n. 4; cf. p. 333.

 3041 Id. _Inscr._; _C.I.L._ vi. 510; _Or. Henz._ 6040.

 3042 Donsbach, p. 17.

 3043 Cumont, Intr. p. 246 sq.

_ 3044 Ib._ p. 258, n. 8; cf. _Or. Henz._ 5855, 1916, 1917, 1922.

 3045 Cumont, Intr. p. 263.

_ 3046 C.I.L._ iii. 3960, 4797, 5620, 4802; vi. 721.

 3047 Cumont, Intr. p. 265.

 3048 Cf. Cumont, _Inscr._ 150, sagaris actor; cf. the list of the
      Cultores Mithrae, _C.I.L._ xi. 5737.

 3049 Cumont, Intr. p 268; Donsbach, p. 19.

 3050 Cumont, Intr. p. 268.

 3051 Donsbach, p. 19.

_ 3052 C.I.L_ ix. 4109, 4110.

_ 3053 Ib._ xi. 5737.

 3054 Donsbach, p. 20; Cumont, Intr. p. 266.

 3055 Cumont, Intr. p. 269.

 3056 Cumont, _Mon._ 237, 239; _Inscr._ 408.

_ 3057 C.I.L._ iii. 3480, 3479, 4796, 4797, 5121.

 3058 Donsbach, p. 21.

 3059 Cumont, Intr. p. 249; Donsbach, p. 22.

 3060 Cumont, Intr. p. 250.

 3061 Eutrop. viii. 6.

 3062 Cumont, Intr. p. 247, n. 6.

_ 3063 Ib._ p. 251, n. 3.

 3064 Cumont, Intr. pp. 252, 3.

 3065 Id. _Mon._ No. 228; Intr. p. 253.

 3066 Id. _Mon._ No. 225; Intr. p. 253.

 3067 Id. _Inscr._ No. 368.

 3068 Mommsen, _Rom. Prov._ ii. p. 63, n.

_ 3069 C.I.L._ iii. 4418, 4416; Donsbach, p. 25.

 3070 Tac. _Ann._ 13, 35, habiti per Galatiam Cappadociamque dilectus.

 3071 Cumont, _Mon._ No. 225.

_ 3072 C.I.L._ viii. 2675; Cagnat, p. 189.

_ 3073 C.I.L._ iii. 5650; Cumont, _Inscr._ No. 416; _Mon._ No. 238; cf.
      Donsbach, p. 26.

 3074 Cumont, Intr. p. 255; Donsbach, p. 27.

 3075 For the number and the sites _v._ Donsbach, p. 27.

 3076 Cumont, _Mon._ No. 351.

 3077 Id. _Inscr._ No. 423; Intr. p. 256, n. 2.

 3078 Id. _Mon._ No. 248 (p. 359).

_ 3079 Ib._ No. 265 (p. 388).

 3080 Tac. _Ann._ 14, 33, Londinium ... copia negotiatorum maxime celebre.

 3081 Cumont, _Inscr._ Nos. 471-490; Donsbach, p. 29.

 3082 Id. Intr. p. 259 n.

_ 3083 Ib._ p. 260; Donsbach, p. 30.

 3084 Cumont, _l.c._; cf. Cagnat, _L’Arm. rom. d’Afr._ p. 353, on the
      history and composition of the Legio III. Augusta.

 3085 Luc. _Deor. Concil._ c. 9.

 3086 Réville, p. 87.

 3087 Cumont, Intr. p. 190; Gasquet, p. 70.

 3088 Cumont, Intr. p. 56;   Gasquet, p. 36.

 3089 Cumont, _Inscr._ 441, 444; _Mon._ 213, 245, 252.

_ 3090 Ib._ 251 (p. 365); Intr. p. 92; cf. Herod. i. 131.

 3091 Cumont, _Mon._ 246 (p. 348).

 3092 Id. Intr. p. 109; _Mon._ 246, 247, 248, 251, 273.

 3093 Donsbach, p. 6; Gasquet, p. 24; Dieterich, _Mithrasliturgie_, p.
      146; S. Hieron. _Com. in Amos_, v. 9, 10.

 3094 Macrob. _Som. Scip._ i. 15, § 10 sqq.

 3095 Cumont, Intr. pp. 71, 72.

 3096 Cf. Dieterich, _Mithrasliturgie_, pp. 150, 165, 202; Cumont, Intr.
      pp. 331, 336.

 3097 Gasquet, p. 104; cf. Macrob. _Som. Scip._ i. 12; Macrob. _Sat._ i.
      17; cf. Lobeck, _Aglaoph._ ii. 933; Rohde, _Psyche_, ii. pp. 121,
      402.

 3098 Cumont, Intr. pp. 308, 309; cf. Macrob. _Som. Scip._ i. 12.

 3099 Cumont, Intr. p. 294; _ib._ p. 75. But cf. Gasquet, p. 41.

 3100 Cumont, Intr. p. 295.

_ 3101 Ib._ p. 296.

_ 3102 Ib._ p. 301.

 3103 Id. _Mon._ 251 (p. 365).

 3104 Id. Intr. p. 297.

 3105 Id. _Mon._ 246 (p. 349).

 3106 Cumont, _Mon._ 251 (p. 365).

 3107 Id. Intr. p. 300; Gasquet, p. 62.

 3108 Cumont, Intr. p. 316; cf. Gasquet, pp. 94, 95.

 3109 Cumont, Intr. p. 301.

 3110 Cf. Denis, _Idées Morales_, etc. ii. p. 248 sq.; cf. Burgmann,
      _Seneca’s Theologie_, p. 37; Sen. _Ep._ 95, 50; 31, § 11; Philostr.
      _Apoll. Tyan._ v. 25; Max. Tyr. _Diss._ viii.; xiv. § 7, 8; xvi. §
      9.

_ 3111 v._ supra, p. 426.

 3112 Cumont, Intr. p. 303.

_ 3113 Ib._ pp. 207, 208.

 3114 Plut. _De Is. et Osir._ c. 46.

 3115 Firm. Matern. c. 20, alterius profani sacramenti signum est _θεός ἐκ
      πέτρας_, etc. Cf. S. Hieron. _Adv. Jov._ i. § 7; Just. Mart. _Dial.
      c. Tryph._ c. 70; Prud. _Cathem._ v. 9; Cumont, _Mon._ 199, 207.

 3116 Id. Intr. p. 160.

_ 3117 Ib._ p. 162; _Mon._ 204.

 3118 Id. Intr. p. 164.

_ 3119 Ib._ p. 165; _Mon._ 204 (p. 318), 235 (p. 338).

 3120 Cumont, Intr. p. 167 sq.; _Mon._ 253, 192, 204, 221.

 3121 See the finest extant specimen from Osterburken; Cumont, _Mon._ 246;
      cf. the one at Heddernheim, _Mon._ 251.

 3122 Cumont, Intr. p. 186 sq.; _Mon._ 104, 246.

 3123 Gasquet, p. 70.

 3124 Cumont, _Mon._ 191 (p. 312); 203 (p. 317); 242 (p. 342); 246 (p.
      350); Intr. p. 172.

 3125 Cumont, Intr. p. 175.

 3126 Réville, p. 83.

_ 3127 Ib._ p. 89.

 3128 Gasquet, p. 77.

 3129 Gasquet, p. 108.

 3130 Cumont, _Mon._ 31, 35, 43.

_ 3131 Ib._ 251 (p. 364).

 3132 Id. Intr. pp. 308, 309.

 3133 Cumont, Intr. p. 297.

 3134 Dieterich, _Mithrasliturgie_, p. 197; Cumont, Intr. p. 309.

_ 3135 Ib._ p. 308 sqq.

_ 3136 Ib._ p. 310.

 3137 Réville, p. 150; cf. _C.I.L._ vi. 510; _Or. Henz._ 2352.

_ 3138 Or. Henz._ 6042; Gasquet, p. 112, on the inscription of Vincentius,
      priest of Sabazius, who was buried by the side of Aurelius, a priest
      of Mithra; cf. Réville, p. 92; Renan, _M. Aurèle_, pp. 578-9, n. 1.

 3139 Cumont, Intr. pp. 299, 323.

_ 3140 Ib._ p. 313; cf. Dieterich, _Mithrasliturgie_, pp. 25, 26.

 3141 Tert. _De Praescrip. Haeret._ c. 40; cf. _C.I.L._ vi. 2151, Ordo
      sacerdotum Mag. suo; xiv. 403; xiv. 65.

 3142 Cumont, Intr. p. 325.

_ 3143 Ib._ p. 325; cf. Lafaye, _Div. d’Alexandrie_, p. 138; flutes and
      bells have been found among débris of chapels, Cum. _Mon._ 253 (p.
      380); Intr. p. 68.

 3144 Gasquet, p. 125.

 3145 S. Hieron. _Ep._ 107, § 2; Gasquet, pp. 91, 2; 96; Cumont, Intr. p.
      315; Réville, p. 97.

_ 3146 De Abstin._ iv. 16. Porphyry connects the degrees with ideas of
      metempsychosis, _τὴν κοινότητα ἡμῶν τὴν πρὸς τὰ ζῷα αἰνιττόμενοι,
      κτλ._

 3147 Gasquet, p. 101; Réville, p. 97.

 3148 Tert. _De Corona_, xv.

 3149 Cumont, Intr. p. 322.

 3150 Lamprid. _Commodus Ant._ c. 9, sacra Mithriaca homicidio vero
      polluit, cum illic aliquid ad speciem timoris, vel dici vel fingi
      soleat; Gasquet, p. 90.