S. callosa)        |                |carmine;  |name of S. callosa than
                   |                |June and  |that of japonica; it forms
                   |                |July      |a shrub 5 or 6 feet high
                   |                |          |with brightly coloured
                   |                |          |flowers in flattened
                   |                |          |clusters. There are many
                   |                |          |distinct varieties, all
                   |                |          |good, the best being alba,
                   |                |          |a dwarf form with white
                   |                |          |flowers; Bumalda, also
                   |                |          |dwarf with pink blossoms;
                   |                |          |Anthony Waterer, the
                   |                |          |richest tinted of all dwarf
                   |                |          |kinds; superba, a deep
                   |                |          |tinted form of the type;
                   |                |          |and glabrata, with
                   |                |          |curiously broad leaves.
                   |                |          |Anthony Waterer is
                   |                |          |especially worth growing.
                   |                |          |
*S. lindleyana     |Himalaya        |White;    |Reaches a height of 10 to
                   |                |August    |12 feet, and is remarkable
                   |                |          |for its handsome pinnate
                   |                |          |leaves, while the large
                   |                |          |feathery flower panicles
                   |                |          |are very striking.
                   |                |          |
S. media (Syn S.   |Europe          |White;    |Forms a dense rounded bush
confusa)           |                |May       |from 5 to 8 feet high, and
                   |                |          |has clusters of pure white
                   |                |          |blossoms in profusion.
                   |                |          |
S. opulifolia (Nine|North America   |Whitish   |One of the largest of all
Bark of the United |                |          |the Spiræas, being of
States), (Syn.     |                |          |almost tree-like habit, but
Neillia opulifolia)|                |          |the flowers are not showy.
                   |                |          |There is a golden leaved
                   |                |          |form (aurea) of dwarfer
                   |                |          |habit than the type, which
                   |                |          |is in the first half of the
                   |                |          |season very pretty.
                   |                |          |
*S. prunifolia     |Japan           |White;    |The flowers of this are
flore-pleno        |                |Spring    |quite double, like little
                   |                |          |rosettes, and in clusters
                   |                |          |along the arching shoots.
                   |                |          |Early in April as a rule
                   |                |          |they are very pretty.
                   |                |          |
S. salicifolia     |Europe          |Pinkish   |A variable kind, more or
                   |                |          |less approaching S.
                   |                |          |Douglasi, but with
                   |                |          |light-tinted flowers.
                   |                |          |
S. sorbifolia      |Northern Europe |White;    |A pinnate-leaved species
                   |                |July      |somewhat in the way of S.
                   |                |          |lindleyana, but it does not
                   |                |          |grow more than half the
                   |                |          |height and flowers a month
                   |                |          |earlier.
                   |                |          |
S. Thunbergi       |Japan           |White;    |The first of all the
                   |                |very early|Spiræas to bloom, but its
                   |                |Spring    |beauty is often marred by
                   |                |          |inclement weather. It forms
                   |                |          |a dense mass of slender
                   |                |          |twigs clothed with tiny
                   |                |          |leaves.
                   |                |          |
S. Van Houttei     |Garden form     |White     |A hybrid kind with pure
                   |                |          |white blossoms, which are
                   |                |          |as a rule more satisfactory
                   |                |          |under glass than in the
                   |                |          |open ground.
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------

[Illustration: _FLOWERS OF SPIRÆA LINDLEYANA._]

-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
                   |  COUNTRY OR    |  COLOUR  |
       NAME.       |  ORIGIN AND    |   AND    |      GENERAL REMARKS.
                   | NATURAL ORDER. |  SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
                   |                |          |
Staphylea colchica |Caucasus;       |White;    |A sturdy upright deciduous
                   |Sapindaceæ      |Spring    |shrub, 6 to 8 feet high,
                   |                |          |with drooping clusters of
                   |                |          |white flowers. Though
                   |                |          |decidedly ornamental it is
                   |                |          |as a rule more effective
                   |                |          |when flowered under glass
                   |                |          |than in the open ground.
                   |                |          |Needs a fairly moist loamy
                   |                |          |soil.
                   |                |          |
*S. pinnata        |Europe          |Greenish  |A shrub from 8 to 10 feet
(European          |                |white;    |high, which has
Bladder-Nut)       |                |Spring    |bladder-like capsules in
                   |                |          |which the seeds are
                   |                |          |contained. The capsules are
                   |                |          |more attractive than the
                   |                |          |flowers themselves.
                   |                |          |
S. trifolia        |North America   |Greenish  |In the way of the last, but
(American          |                |white;    |a stronger grower, while
Bladder-Nut tree)  |                |Spring    |the leaves are pinnate.
                   |                |          |
Stuartia pentagyna |United States;  |White;    |In its native country this
(Syn.              |Ternstroemiaceæ |July and  |attains the dimensions of a
Malachodendron     |                |August    |small tree, but in England
ovatum)            |                |          |it is from 5 to 8 feet
                   |                |          |high. The flowers, somewhat
                   |                |          |suggestive of those of a
                   |                |          |single white Camellia, have
                   |                |          |the edges of the petals
                   |                |          |wavy, while the reddish
                   |                |          |stamens are very
                   |                |          |conspicuous. Though very
                   |                |          |beautiful, this is not a
                   |                |          |shrub for every garden, as
                   |                |          |it needs a cool moist soil
                   |                |          |with a fair proportion of
                   |                |          |peat, a remark that applies
                   |                |          |equally to the other
                   |                |          |members of the genus.
                   |                |          |
*S.                |Japan           |White;    |The finest of the
Pseudo-Camellia    |                |with      |Stuartias, bearing much
                   |                |golden    |general resemblance in
                   |                |stamens;  |foliage, flowers, and habit
                   |                |July and  |of growth to a Camellia,
                   |                |August    |hence its specific name.
                   |                |          |The flowers are about 3
                   |                |          |inches in diameter. Beside
                   |                |          |its other ornamental
                   |                |          |qualities the leaves die
                   |                |          |off in Autumn brilliantly
                   |                |          |tinted with crimson and
                   |                |          |gold, being in this
                   |                |          |respect much superior to
                   |                |          |its American relatives.
                   |                |          |
S. virginica (Syn. |Southern        |White;    |Much in the way of S.
Stuartia           |United States   |July and  |pentagyna, but forms a
Malachodendron)    |                |August    |smaller and less vigorous
                   |                |          |bush, while the leaves are
                   |                |          |more hairy.
                   |                |          |
*Styrax japonicum  |China and Japan;|White;    |A shrub or small tree with
(Japanese Storax)  |Styraceæ        |Midsummer |flattened spreading
                   |                |          |branchlets, thickly studded
                   |                |          |on the undersides with
                   |                |          |drooping pure white
                   |                |          |fragrant Snowdrop-like
                   |                |          |blossoms. It is a
                   |                |          |delightful shrub, and best
                   |                |          |in a fairly moist light
                   |                |          |loam. Height 8 to 12 feet.
                   |                |          |Messrs. Veitch mention that
                   |                |          |it is occasionally a low
                   |                |          |tree, 20 to 25 feet high,
                   |                |          |and in its wild state on
                   |                |          |the hillsides in central
                   |                |          |Japan it flowers in May. It
                   |                |          |has proved quite hardy.
                   |                |          |
S. Obassia         |Japan           |White     |A very beautiful but rare
                   |                |          |species, forming a more
                   |                |          |sturdy bush than the last,
                   |                |          |while the pure white
                   |                |          |flowers are borne in
                   |                |          |drooping racemes. It
                   |                |          |succeeds under the same
                   |                |          |conditions as the
                   |                |          |preceding.
                   |                |          |
S. officinale      |Levant          |White     |From 6 to 8 feet high, but
                   |                |          |more delicate in
                   |                |          |constitution than either of
                   |                |          |those above named. It needs
                   |                |          |the protection of a wall in
                   |                |          |many districts.
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------

[Illustration: _GROUPING OF LILACS (several varieties). THE BUSH IN THE
CENTRE IS THE PERSIAN LILAC, SYRINGA PERSICA._]

-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
                   |  COUNTRY OR    |  COLOUR  |
       NAME        |  ORIGIN AND    |   AND    |      GENERAL REMARKS.
                   | NATURAL ORDER. |  SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
                   |                |          |
Syringa (lilac)    |Eastern Europe  |Various   |A lovely family. Mr. Bean
                   |and Northern    |          |in _The Garden_, April 2,
                   |Asia;           |          |1898, writes: "As now
                   |Oleaceæ         |          |constituted, the genus
                   |                |          |consists of two groups:
                   |                |          |First, the true Lilacs,
                   |                |          |represented by S. vulgaris;
                   |                |          |and second, the Privet-like
                   |                |          |Lilacs, of which some
                   |                |          |authorities have made a
                   |                |          |separate genus under the
                   |                |          |name Ligustrina. The
                   |                |          |species in this latter
                   |                |          |group are distinguished
                   |                |          |from the true Lilacs by
                   |                |          |flowering later in the
                   |                |          |summer, and by having large
                   |                |          |panicles of smaller
                   |                |          |Privet-like flowers, the
                   |                |          |corolla of which is white
                   |                |          |and much shorter than in
                   |                |          |the other group. There are
                   |                |          |three of them in
                   |                |          |cultivation--S. amurensis,
                   |                |          |S. japonica, S.
                   |                |          |pekinensis--which, however,
                   |                |          |some botanists have
                   |                |          |considered to be merely
                   |                |          |geographical forms of one
                   |                |          |species existing in
                   |                |          |Manchuria, Japan, and
                   |                |          |China. The following is
                   |                |          |a complete list of the
                   |                |          |species in gardens, with
                   |                |          |some of the commoner
                   |                |          |synonyms: S. Emodi, var.
                   |                |          |rosea (S. Bretschneideri),
                   |                |          |S. Josikæa, S. oblata (S.
                   |                |          |chinensis), S. persica,
                   |                |          |var. laciniata (S.
                   |                |          |filicifolia, S. pinnata),
                   |                |          |S. villosa (S. pubescens),
                   |                |          |S. vulgaris, S. chinensis
                   |                |          |(S. dubia, S.
                   |                |          |rothomagensis) hybrid.
                   |                |          |_Ligustrina Group._--S.
                   |                |          |amurensis (Ligustrina
                   |                |          |amurensis), S. japonica
                   |                |          |(Ligustrina amurensis
                   |                |          |var. japonica), S.
                   |                |          |pekinensis (Ligustrina
                   |                |          |pekinensis)."
                   |                |          |
S. amurensis       |Manchuria;      |Creamy    |A sturdy bush with stout,
                   |discovered in   |white     |erect branches. The small
                   |1857 by a       |          |creamy white flowers are
                   |Russian botanist|          |borne on large branching
                   |named Raffe     |          |racemes. It is a native of
                   |                |          |the valleys of the Ussuri
                   |                |          |and Amur Rivers. One of the
                   |                |          |earliest of hardy shrubs to
                   |                |          |break into leaf.
                   |                |          |
*S. chinensis      |Probably raised |May       |The flowers are in panicles
                   |in Rouen Botanic|          |intermediate in size
                   |Garden by M.    |          |between those of its
                   |Varin over 100  |          |parents, and are of the
                   |years ago from  |          |same colour. Very
                   |seed borne by   |          |free-flowering and pretty,
                   |S. persica.     |          |and might be recommended as
                   |Synonyms S.     |          |a substitute for the common
                   |correlata, S.   |          |Lilac in positions where
                   |dubia, S.       |          |the latter would be too
                   |rothomagensis   |          |large. To add to the
                   |                |          |confusion respecting its
                   |                |          |origin, it is still called
                   |                |          |in some nurserymen's
                   |                |          |catalogues the Siberian
                   |                |          |Lilac, Rouen Lilac, and
                   |                |          |Chinese Lilac. It lasts
                   |                |          |longer in flower than the
                   |                |          |common Lilac.
                   |                |          |
*S. Emodi          |Dr. Aitchison   |Pale      |This is altogether of
 (Himalayan Lilac) |found this on   |purple    |sturdier growth than the
                   |the Afghan      |          |ordinary Lilac, with large
                   |Mountains in    |          |leaves and terminal
                   |1879, 9000 feet |          |panicles of flowers. Of
                   |to 10,000 feet  |          |greater ornamental value is
                   |elevation       |          |the variety rosea which was
                   |                |          |introduced a few years ago
                   |                |          |from the mountains about
                   |                |          |Pekin by Dr. Bretschneider,
                   |                |          |and in gardens (French
                   |                |          |chiefly) it is known as
                   |                |          |Syringa Bretschneideri. It
                   |                |          |is more robust than the
                   |                |          |type, and bears large
                   |                |          |panicles of rosy-tinted
                   |                |          |flowers in June or later.
                   |                |          |There is a
                   |                |          |variegated-leaved variety
                   |                |          |of S. Emodi, which is
                   |                |          |handsome when vigorously
                   |                |          |grown. Another form with
                   |                |          |more or less golden is
                   |                |          |_foliis aureis_. When the
                   |                |          |soil is rich the leaves
                   |                |          |measure 6 inches long and 4
                   |                |          |inches wide.
                   |                |          |
S. japonica        |Japan           |White     |A large growing shrub, of
                   |                |          |bushy growth, and larger in
                   |                |          |foliage than S. vulgaris.
                   |                |          |It bears large branching
                   |                |          |panicles of small white
                   |                |          |flowers, reminding one of
                   |                |          |those of the Privet, hence
                   |                |          |the name of the group to
                   |                |          |which it belongs
                   |                |          |(Ligustrina). These
                   |                |          |panicles in Japan and the
                   |                |          |United States attain as
                   |                |          |much as 18 inches and even
                   |                |          |2 feet in length, but
                   |                |          |whether it will grow in
                   |                |          |this country in such a way
                   |                |          |remains to be seen.
                   |                |          |
S. Josikæa         |Hungarian       |Lilac;    |An old shrub of moderate
(Hungarian Lilac)  |Mountains       |May       |growth, but is not of great
                   |                |          |value, as it happens to
                   |                |          |flower when we have a
                   |                |          |wealth of bloom from the
                   |                |          |commoner kinds. It is,
                   |                |          |however, interesting and
                   |                |          |worth growing, if only for
                   |                |          |the sake of the pretty
                   |                |          |sentiment that attaches to
                   |                |          |its origin, having been
                   |                |          |found by Baroness Von
                   |                |          |Josika in her wanderings
                   |                |          |about the Hungarian
                   |                |          |mountains in 1835. It may
                   |                |          |be best described as a
                   |                |          |small form of S. Emodi. It
                   |                |          |was first grown in Britain
                   |                |          |at Edinburgh, in the year
                   |                |          |mentioned. Its height is 6
                   |                |          |feet to 10 feet, with the
                   |                |          |young twigs of a purplish
                   |                |          |colour; the panicles are
                   |                |          |terminal, erect, and small
                   |                |          |compared with those of the
                   |                |          |more showy Lilacs, and
                   |                |          |usually about 4 inches
                   |                |          |long, rarely as much as 6
                   |                |          |inches to 9 inches.
                   |                |          |
S. pekinensis      |Mountains of    |White     |One of the three
                   |North China     |          |Privet-like Syringas,
                   |                |          |and one of the last
                   |                |          |introduced. It is the
                   |                |          |Chinese representative of
                   |                |          |the Ligustrina group. From
                   |                |          |its two allies (S.
                   |                |          |amurensis and S. japonica)
                   |                |          |it is to be distinguished
                   |                |          |by its long and much more
                   |                |          |slender branches, which in
                   |                |          |one form are distinctly
                   |                |          |pendulous (var. pendula).
                   |                |          |
*S. persica        |Found by Dr.    |Deep      |This old favourite is often
(Persian Lilac)    |Aitchison in    |purplish; |confused with the Rouen
                   |1879.           |May       |Lilac, but it is quite
                   |Afghanistan.    |          |different, being smaller in
                   |7000 feet to    |          |stature, with much smaller
                   |8000 feet       |          |leaves, and with an elegant
                   |elevation       |          |spreading habit of growth.
                   |                |          |In the type the flower
                   |                |          |clusters are nearly as
                   |                |          |large as those of S.
                   |                |          |chinensis, deep purple in
                   |                |          |colour, varying to almost a
                   |                |          |pure white in the variety
                   |                |          |alba. In the variety
                   |                |          |laciniata, known also as S.
                   |                |          |ficifolia, pinnata, and
                   |                |          |other names, the leaves
                   |                |          |are cut or coarsely
                   |                |          |toothed. It is a beautiful
                   |                |          |little shrub, and suits
                   |                |          |a place where the tall
                   |                |          |growing kinds would be too
                   |                |          |large. Like the common and
                   |                |          |the Rouen Lilacs, it may be
                   |                |          |forced into flower at
                   |                |          |Christmas time, and, unlike
                   |                |          |the others, its small size
                   |                |          |enables it to be grown in
                   |                |          |pots for room decoration.
                   |                |          |The exact length of time
                   |                |          |the Persian Lilac has been
                   |                |          |in cultivation is not
                   |                |          |known. It had long been
                   |                |          |cultivated in the country
                   |                |          |to which it owes its
                   |                |          |name--since the year 1200,
                   |                |          |say some authorities--but
                   |                |          |it has never been found
                   |                |          |truly wild in Persia. It
                   |                |          |was not until 1879 that its
                   |                |          |real native habitat was
                   |                |          |revealed.
                   |                |          |
S. villosa (Syn.   |Introduced from |Rose      |This interesting species
pubescens)         |the Chihli      |Lilac; May|first flowered in 1888. It
                   |province of     |          |is very fragrant, and the
                   |China in 1880   |          |panicle is from 3 inches to
                   |                |          |4 inches long.
                   |                |          |
*S. vulgaris       |A native of     |Lilac;    |See below for remarks.
(Common Lilac)     |Eastern Europe, |May       |
                   |and although it |          |
                   |appears to have |          |
                   |been originally |          |
                   |introduced from |          |
                   |Persia about, or|          |
                   |previous to the |          |
                   |year 1597, it   |          |
                   |was found to be |          |
                   |a native of     |          |
                   |Southern        |          |
                   |Hungary, in the |          |
                   |region of the   |          |
                   |Danube          |          |
                   |especially on   |          |
                   |the chalky      |          |
                   |precipices of   |          |
                   |the Cverna      |          |
                   |Valley and on   |          |
                   |Mount Domoglet. |          |
                   |It is not found |          |
                   |truly indigenous|          |
                   |further west    |          |
                   |than these      |          |
                   |localities, and |          |
                   |it is not, as   |          |
                   |has been stated,|          |
                   |a native of     |          |
                   |Italy, although,|          |
                   |no doubt it has |          |
                   |become          |          |
                   |neutralised     |          |
                   |there and       |          |
                   |elsewhere       |          |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------

The common Lilac has been the glory of English gardens since the days of
Gerard and Parkinson of the sixteenth century. From the time that
Parkinson grew it in a pot, with no doubt as much care and anxiety as is
bestowed nowadays on a hundred-guinea Orchid, the Lilac has, on account
of its extreme hardiness and easy culture, become almost naturalised in
these islands, as now we see it in copse and hedgerow, besides gardens
large and small, and even in the town forecourt. To every place where
the Englishman goes to make a home he likes to have about him Lilacs and
Roses. As in the case of several other beautiful shrubs, the improvement
of the Lilac by the raising of new varieties is of comparatively recent
date. Gerard and Parkinson write of the blue Pipe and the white Pipe
(the Lilac being then called the Pipe tree, on account of pipes being
made from its wood), besides the ordinary lilac-coloured sort, and
Loudon, writing fifty years ago, only enumerates the blue (cærulea),
violet (violacea), the white (alba), and alba major, and one double
called alba plena, seven in all. He just mentions, however, a fine
variety, Caroli (or Charles X., as we know it), which about that time
had been raised in France. This still is one of the choicest sorts, and
particularly valuable for forcing into early bloom in winter. Since that
time there has been great activity in raising new kinds in France, till
now the list of named single sorts numbers upwards of fifty, while the
doubles are almost as numerous. There are far too many named sorts, in
fact, as the differences between many of them are of the slightest, so
that the selection of the best from catalogues, from the mere names and
brief descriptions (not always accurate) is perplexing to an amateur. To
no raiser do we owe more to the improvement of the Lilac of late years
than to that famous veteran French hybridist, Victor Lemoine of Nancy,
who has made the genus Syringa one of his special studies, and favoured
as he is by a climate suitable for the free seeding of the Lilac, he has
been highly successful. There are four more or less distinct shades of
colour among the sorts, viz. whites, reds, pinks, and so-called blues. A
selection of a dozen single sorts would include the following, placed in
order of merit: _Whites_--Marie Le Gray, Alba grandiflora. _Blue or
Bluish_--Cærulea or Delphine, Duchesse de Namours, Lindleyana or Dr.
Lindley. _Reds or Purple-reds_--Souvenir de L. Späth, Philemon, Rubra
insignis, Mme. Kreuter, Camille de Rohan, Ville de Troyes.
_Pinks_--Lovanensis, Schneelavine. This selection comprises the finest
sorts, having the largest flower clusters in their respective colours,
and is representative of the whole of the sorts. Of the double flowered
sorts there has of recent years been a great number sent from French
nurseries, and only a few of the oldest sorts have developed into large
specimens, and therefore one cannot judge of their merits, as in the
case of the single sorts. The best varieties include the following dozen
sorts: _Lavender and Blue_--Leon Simon, Renoncule, Alphonse Lavallée
(pale blue). _Pinks_--President Carnot, M. de Dombasle. _Whites_--Mme.
Abel Chatenay (the finest), Mme. Lemoine, Cassimir fils.
_Reds_--President Grévy, Senateur Volland, Comte H. de Choiseul, Maxime
Cornu. In the Lilacs there is material for the tasteful planter of
gardens, yet how seldom does one see in ordinary gardens full advantage
taken of them for producing beautiful effects! In the common way of
planting they are dotted about shrubberies indiscriminately, and jumbled
with trees and shrubs of a totally different character, so that the
Lilacs cannot be seen to the fullest advantage. An isolated group of the
choicest kinds, or even a simple hedge of the white or rich purple kinds
is seldom seen, except in some old gardens, and still less seldom does
one see any attempt at culture in the way of pruning and the cutting
away of suckers. At Kew one may see bold examples of grouping Lilacs, as
well as well-developed specimens standing alone on grass, while about
London one sees in the market gardens fine hedges of Lilac planted for
the twofold purpose of cutting from and providing shelter. Mr. Goldring
writes in _The Garden_, "The most beautiful Lilac hedge I have seen was
that I enjoyed recently at the White Farm, Crichel (an enclosure devoted
to white animals), where there are glorious hedges of the pure white
Lilac Marie Le Gray in abundant flower--quite appropriate to the white
surroundings. The only culture the Lilacs require is occasional manuring
in light, poor soils, occasional pruning so as to induce a bushy growth,
as the growth is apt to become 'leggy,' and continuous attention in
cutting away suckers, which are so plentiful as to rob the tops. Two or
three suckers should be allowed to grow so as to keep up the supply of
strong, vigorous flowering stems. Lilacs can be made to form standards
by keeping the bush from the outset to one stem, and when seen rising
out of a low hedge of Lilac, or a mass of the dwarf kinds, they have a
pleasing effect, and is one of the various ways they can be arranged in
planting."

[Illustration: _STANDARD LILAC, MME. LEMOINE._]

-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
                   |  COUNTRY OR    |  COLOUR  |
       NAME        |  ORIGIN AND    |   AND    |      GENERAL REMARKS.
                   | NATURAL ORDER. |  SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
                   |                |          |
*Tamarix gallica   |Northern portion|Pink; May |A charming shrub, not half
(the Tamarisk)     |of the Old      |          |enough grown, owing, in
                   |World;          |          |some respects at least, to
                   |Tamariscineæ    |          |a wide-spread idea that it
                   |                |          |will not flourish away from
                   |                |          |the sea-coast. True, it
                   |                |          |luxuriates there, but it
                   |                |          |may be depended upon to
                   |                |          |thrive anywhere unless the
                   |                |          |soil is a stiff clay,
                   |                |          |chalky, or too much parched
                   |                |          |up in the summer. It is
                   |                |          |deciduous, but during the
                   |                |          |Summer the foliage is as
                   |                |          |delicate as any of the
                   |                |          |Conifers, and in May, when
                   |                |          |the branches are terminated
                   |                |          |by the waving plume-like
                   |                |          |panicles of pink blossoms,
                   |                |          |it is delightful.
                   |                |          |As a plant for the
                   |                |          |waterside it is most
                   |                |          |useful, and forms a
                   |                |          |pleasing picture if a score
                   |                |          |or so of plants are grouped
                   |                |          |on a lawn or open stretch
                   |                |          |of grass. In such a
                   |                |          |situation the long
                   |                |          |straggling shoots must be
                   |                |          |shortened back occasionally
                   |                |          |to keep the plants within
                   |                |          |bounds, as growing
                   |                |          |unchecked they will reach a
                   |                |          |height of 10 to 15 feet.
                   |                |          |There are several forms of
                   |                |          |Tamarisk, by some
                   |                |          |considered distinct
                   |                |          |species, and by others as
                   |                |          |forms of T. gallica, but a
                   |                |          |good deal of confusion
                   |                |          |prevails concerning them.
                   |                |          |One of the best (perhaps
                   |                |          |the very best Tamarisk) is
                   |                |          |that known as tetrandra or
                   |                |          |taurica, in which the
                   |                |          |feathery plumes are of a
                   |                |          |deeper pink than the type.
                   |                |          |Other names that occur are
                   |                |          |parviflora, chinensis, and
                   |                |          |japonica, but given
                   |                |          |tetrandra, as a rule no
                   |                |          |other is wanted.
                   |                |          |
T. germanica       |Europe          |Pinkish   |A smaller shrub than the
(German Tamarisk), |                |          |last, more upright in
(Syn. Myricaria    |                |          |growth, and with a glaucous
Germanica)         |                |          |tinge. The pinkish flowers
                   |                |          |are far less effective than
                   |                |          |those of the preceding.
                   |                |          |
*Ulex europæus (the|Europe;         |Yellow    |The common Furze is known
Furze, Gorse, or   |Leguminosæ      |          |to every one, but its great
Whin)              |                |          |beauty as a flowering shrub
                   |                |          |is apt to be overlooked,
                   |                |          |for it luxuriates in dry,
                   |                |          |sandy, and stony soils,
                   |                |          |where little else will
                   |                |          |grow, and its golden
                   |                |          |blossoms are borne usually
                   |                |          |from February to May,
                   |                |          |though occasionally
                   |                |          |throughout the entire
                   |                |          |winter. The double-flowered
                   |                |          |variety--flore-pleno--is
                   |                |          |even more valuable from a
                   |                |          |flowering point of view
                   |                |          |than the type. Both
                   |                |          |transplant badly, hence the
                   |                |          |common kind is usually sown
                   |                |          |where it has to remain, and
                   |                |          |the double-flowered form
                   |                |          |struck from cuttings in a
                   |                |          |frame, and kept in pots
                   |                |          |till permanently planted.
                   |                |          |
*U. nanus (Dwarf   |Europe          |Yellow    |Of dwarfer and denser habit
Furze)             |                |          |than the common Furze, but
                   |                |          |its most prominent feature
                   |                |          |consists in the fact that
                   |                |          |it often commences to
                   |                |          |flower in August, and
                   |                |          |continues till Christmas,
                   |                |          |after which the common
                   |                |          |Furze asserts itself.
                   |                |          |The cultural items appended
                   |                |          |to the preceding species
                   |                |          |apply with equal force to
                   |                |          |this.
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------

[Illustration: _VIBURNUM MACROCEPHALUM._]

VERONICA.--There are a vast number of Veronicas, all natives of New
Zealand, and garden forms raised from them, but many can only be
regarded as hardy in the extreme west of England and Ireland, whereas
some of the hardiest are from their diminutive growth suitable only for
rockwork. The best are--

-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
                   |  COUNTRY OR    |  COLOUR  |
       NAME.       |  ORIGIN AND    |   AND    |      GENERAL REMARKS.
                   | NATURAL ORDER. |  SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
                   |                |          |
*Veronica          |Garden Origin   |Purple;   |A neat evergreen shrub with
Andersonii         |(Scrophularineæ)|Summer    |dense spikes of
                   |                |and       |bluish-purple blossoms in
                   |                |Autumn    |great profusion for a long
                   |                |          |period. Near the sea, in
                   |                |          |especially favoured spots,
                   |                |          |it is delightful, while in
                   |                |          |other districts it forms a
                   |                |          |valuable subject for
                   |                |          |greenhouse or conservatory.
                   |                |          |Of the numerous other
                   |                |          |garden forms belonging to
                   |                |          |this section the following
                   |                |          |are all good: Blue Gem,
                   |                |          |light blue; Bolide,
                   |                |          |reddish; Celestial, sky
                   |                |          |blue, light centre; La
                   |                |          |Seduisante, rich
                   |                |          |reddish-purple; Marie
                   |                |          |Antoinette, pink; Purple
                   |                |          |Queen, rich purple; and
                   |                |          |Reine des Blanches, white.
                   |                |          |
V. hulkeana        |New Zealand     |Pale      |Very distinct; it has large
                   |                |lavender; |terminal panicles of pale
                   |                |May and   |lavender flowers.
                   |                |June      |
                   |                |          |
*V. Traversii      |New Zealand     |Pale      |The hardiest of all the
                   |                |mauve;    |shrubby Veronicas; it is
                   |                |June and  |a dense box-like bush, with
                   |                |July      |a profusion of dense spikes
                   |                |          |of flowers. In the
                   |                |          |neighbourhood of London
                   |                |          |this is a thoroughly good
                   |                |          |shrub of easy culture.
                   |                |          |
Viburnum           |Caprifoliaceæ   |......    |The Viburnum family
                   |                |          |includes several beautiful
                   |                |          |shrubs, and of the thirty
                   |                |          |or forty species and
                   |                |          |varieties in cultivation at
                   |                |          |least six are
                   |                |          |indispensable, _i.e._ no
                   |                |          |good shrub garden is
                   |                |          |without them. Most of them
                   |                |          |are vigorous in growth and
                   |                |          |easily propagated; they
                   |                |          |like a fairly rich soil
                   |                |          |and moisture at the root.
                   |                |          |Several of the American
                   |                |          |species grow naturally in
                   |                |          |damp, more or less shady
                   |                |          |woodlands. Taken
                   |                |          |collectively the Viburnums
                   |                |          |possess a variety of
                   |                |          |attractions. Some species
                   |                |          |are evergreen, and thus
                   |                |          |useful Winter plants;
                   |                |          |others are amongst the most
                   |                |          |beautiful shrubs for their
                   |                |          |flowers, others again, like
                   |                |          |our native Guelder Rose (V.
                   |                |          |Opulus), have showy fruits;
                   |                |          |finally the foliage of
                   |                |          |several of the deciduous
                   |                |          |species dies off rich red
                   |                |          |or yellow tints.
                   |                |          |
V. dentatum        |North America.  |White;    |The American Viburnums are
(Arrow-wood)       |Introduced in   |June and  |not apparently so valuable
                   |1763            |July      |in the British Isles as in
                   |                |          |their native country. Most
                   |                |          |of them are handsome
                   |                |          |vigorous bushes, but
                   |                |          |without the same flower
                   |                |          |attractions as plicatum,
                   |                |          |macrocephalum, and the
                   |                |          |Guelder Rose (V. Opulus
                   |                |          |var. sterile). Many of
                   |                |          |them, however, bear very
                   |                |          |showy fruits in their own
                   |                |          |country, and the leaves
                   |                |          |turn to beautiful Autumn
                   |                |          |tints. V. dentatum is
                   |                |          |deciduous, free-growing,
                   |                |          |leaves bright green, deeply
                   |                |          |toothed and strongly
                   |                |          |veined. The trusses are 3
                   |                |          |inches to 4 inches across,
                   |                |          |the flowers white, and
                   |                |          |fertile. It is one of the
                   |                |          |handsomest as regards
                   |                |          |flowers of the American
                   |                |          |Viburnums. The dark-blue
                   |                |          |fruit ripens neither
                   |                |          |abundantly nor regularly
                   |                |          |in England.
                   |                |          |
V. Lantana         |Britain, also   |White;    |A beautiful native shrub.
(Wayfaring tree)   |Europe North and|May and   |Its chief beauty is in the
                   |Western Asia,   |June      |colour of the flowers and
                   |and N. Africa   |          |the gorgeous Autumn leaf
                   |                |          |tints. Groups of this are
                   |                |          |pictures of colour in
                   |                |          |Autumn. The fruit, at first
                   |                |          |black and afterwards red,
                   |                |          |soon disappears before the
                   |                |          |birds. The tree grows
                   |                |          |rapidly and generally
                   |                |          |attains a height of about
                   |                |          |12 or 15 feet; the leaves
                   |                |          |are large and downy. The
                   |                |          |wayfaring tree should be
                   |                |          |more planted in English
                   |                |          |gardens. It will grow
                   |                |          |almost anywhere. There are
                   |                |          |two variegated-leaved
                   |                |          |varieties, but these we
                   |                |          |know little about, and we
                   |                |          |care more for the type than
                   |                |          |any golden variegation.
                   |                |          |
V. macrocephalum   |China and Japan.|Pure white|This must be included, but
                   |Introduced from |          |it is not very hardy. Mr.
                   |China in 1844 by|          |Bean, writing of it in _The
                   |Fortune         |          |Garden_, November 17, 1900,
                   |                |          |p. 361, says: "The shrub
                   |                |          |known under this name is a
                   |                |          |cultivated form of a
                   |                |          |Chinese species, in which
                   |                |          |all the flowers have, under
                   |                |          |artificial influences,
                   |                |          |become sterile. The wild
                   |                |          |plant to which it belongs
                   |                |          |is also in cultivation, and
                   |                |          |is known as V. Keteleeri.
                   |                |          |In this type plant the
                   |                |          |middle of the truss is
                   |                |          |filled with perfect
                   |                |          |flowers, the edges only
                   |                |          |being occupied with the
                   |                |          |large and showy sterile
                   |                |          |ones. V. macrocephalum is
                   |                |          |by far the most striking
                   |                |          |plant, its large, rounded
                   |                |          |or pyramidal trusses of
                   |                |          |pure white flowers being
                   |                |          |unequalled among the
                   |                |          |Viburnums. The plant is,
                   |                |          |however, better adapted for
                   |                |          |growing in pots for
                   |                |          |greenhouse decoration or as
                   |                |          |a wall plant than it is as
                   |                |          |a shrub in the open. In my
                   |                |          |experience it is scarcely
                   |                |          |hardy enough to assume its
                   |                |          |best character without some
                   |                |          |sort of protection.
                   |                |          |Although hard winters may
                   |                |          |not kill it outright they
                   |                |          |seriously cripple it. It is
                   |                |          |only in recent years that
                   |                |          |it has attained popularity,
                   |                |          |but it has long been
                   |                |          |known."
                   |                |          |
V. Opulus (the     |Britain, Europe |White;    |Of the two species of
Guelder Rose). It  |and Northern    |May and   |Viburnum this is the better
is called in       |hemisphere      |June      |known, and is the more
America the        |                |          |valuable as a garden shrub.
Cranberry bush or  |                |          |It grows to a height of
High Cranberry     |                |          |from 10 to 15 feet, and is
                   |                |          |easily known by the
                   |                |          |beautiful lobed Maple-like
                   |                |          |leaves, which die off
                   |                |          |brilliant crimson shades.
                   |                |          |Sterile as well as fertile
                   |                |          |flowers are produced on
                   |                |          |each truss, the flowers
                   |                |          |being white and
                   |                |          |three-quarters of an inch
                   |                |          |across. But the wild
                   |                |          |Guelder Rose is in its
                   |                |          |fullest beauty in Autumn
                   |                |          |when the fruits change to
                   |                |          |brilliant red, and the
                   |                |          |leaves gradually assume
                   |                |          |their gorgeous colouring.
                   |                |          |As this species appreciates
                   |                |          |moisture it is a noble
                   |                |          |shrub to make groups of in
                   |                |          |moist places, such as by
                   |                |          |stream, pond, river, or
                   |                |          |moist margin. The beauty of
                   |                |          |the wild Guelder Rose is
                   |                |          |not realised by many
                   |                |          |planters of gardens. Its
                   |                |          |colouring is intense. In
                   |                |          |the "Cyclopedia of American
                   |                |          |Horticulture" it is
                   |                |          |mentioned: "Handsome native
                   |                |          |shrub, very decorative in
                   |                |          |fruit, which begins to
                   |                |          |colour by the end of July,
                   |                |          |remains on the branches,
                   |                |          |and keeps its bright
                   |                |          |scarlet colour until the
                   |                |          |following Spring. The
                   |                |          |berries are not eaten by
                   |                |          |birds."
                   |                |          |
V. O. sterile      |Variety. Origin |White;    |This is too well known to
(Snowball tree)    |unknown         |early June|need description. It is a
                   |                |          |graceful shrub, its
                   |                |          |branches bent with the
                   |                |          |weight of the rounded
                   |                |          |flower trusses. As in the
                   |                |          |case of V. macrocephalum
                   |                |          |and of V. plicatum the
                   |                |          |small and insignificant
                   |                |          |fertile flowers have become
                   |                |          |transformed by cultivation
                   |                |          |into large barren ones, and
                   |                |          |the truss also loses its
                   |                |          |flattened shape and becomes
                   |                |          |rounded or conical. It
                   |                |          |appreciates a moist soil.
                   |                |          |
V. rhytidophyllum  |China           |Yellow    |A handsome evergreen shrub,
                   |                |white     |introduced by Messrs.
                   |                |          |Veitch. Ornamental foliage,
                   |                |          |and in September the
                   |                |          |berries turn to a rich red
                   |                |          |colour.
                   |                |          |
V. tomentosum      |Japan           |Cream     |A very graceful shrub but
Mariesi            |                |white     |little known. The sterile
                   |                |          |flowers are on the outer
                   |                |          |edge of the flat cymes, and
                   |                |          |line the spreading shoots.
                   |                |          |We hope it will soon be
                   |                |          |plentiful.
                   |                |          |
V. tomentosum var. |Japan.          |Ivory     |We have used the word
plicatum           |Introduced by   |white     |tomentosum as plicatum is a
                   |Fortune in 1844 |          |variety of that species. V.
                   |                |          |tomentosum itself is a
                   |                |          |handsome shrub with big,
                   |                |          |flattish cymes and
                   |                |          |creamy-white sterile
                   |                |          |flowers round the margin of
                   |                |          |the truss. That known as V.
                   |                |          |plicatum, a sterile form of
                   |                |          |V. tomentosum, is a
                   |                |          |beautiful shrub; the most
                   |                |          |precious perhaps of the
                   |                |          |whole family. It makes a
                   |                |          |glorious group on the lawn,
                   |                |          |and in early June the
                   |                |          |spreading shoots are so
                   |                |          |thickly covered with flower
                   |                |          |clusters that scarcely a
                   |                |          |vestige of the dark-green,
                   |                |          |wrinkled leafage is
                   |                |          |visible. It is quite hardy,
                   |                |          |but in the north it will be
                   |                |          |wise to choose a sheltered
                   |                |          |position for it. As a wall
                   |                |          |shrub too it is valuable,
                   |                |          |and a specimen on a wall in
                   |                |          |the Royal Horticultural
                   |                |          |Society's gardens at
                   |                |          |Chiswick is quite a mass of
                   |                |          |bloom every year. Passers
                   |                |          |by who know not the shrub
                   |                |          |wonder what it is making so
                   |                |          |thick a mantle of white. It
                   |                |          |grows 4 to 5 feet high in
                   |                |          |the British Isles, taller
                   |                |          |in its native country; the
                   |                |          |trusses of flowers are
                   |                |          |erect on short branches,
                   |                |          |and each measure about 3
                   |                |          |inches across. Being in
                   |                |          |pairs they make a striking
                   |                |          |double row on every branch.
                   |                |          |V. plicatum must come into
                   |                |          |the smallest list of
                   |                |          |flowering shrubs.
                   |                |          |
V. Tinus           |South of Europe |White;    |This is a well-known
(Laurustinus)      |and North of    |flowers in|evergreen shrub, and quite
                   |Africa.         |Winter    |hardy in the south of these
                   |Introduced in   |in the    |Isles, where its planted as
                   |1596            |south, but|a hedge. Even when out of
                   |                |much      |flower the bush has a
                   |                |depends   |certain beauty owing to its
                   |                |upon      |shining green leaves. Near
                   |                |locality  |London it succeeds. Many
                   |                |          |things considered hardier
                   |                |          |get severely injured when
                   |                |          |the Laurustinus escapes.
                   |                |          |North and easterly winds
                   |                |          |are harmful to it. There
                   |                |          |are several varieties.
                   |                |          |Lucidum is the finest; the
                   |                |          |leaves and corymbs are
                   |                |          |larger than those of the
                   |                |          |type, the former being of a
                   |                |          |very glossy green and
                   |                |          |smooth. In lucidum the
                   |                |          |leaves and branches are
                   |                |          |woolly, whilst there are
                   |                |          |also purpureum, with
                   |                |          |purplish leaves, and a
                   |                |          |variegated variety, but
                   |                |          |neither is of value.
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------

[Illustration: _YUCCA GLORIOSA IN A SURREY GARDEN. (Height 15 feet.)_]

-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
                   |  COUNTRY OR    |  COLOUR  |
       NAME.       |  ORIGIN AND    |   AND    |      GENERAL REMARKS.
                   | NATURAL ORDER. |  SEASON. |
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------
                   |                |          |
*Xanthoceras       |North China     |White;    |A beautiful tree, but
sorbifolia         |                |stained   |seldom seen in English
                   |                |with red  |gardens. The following note
                   |                |in the    |appeared in _The Garden_
                   |                |centre;   |about it: "This tree does
                   |                |Spring    |not appear to be widely
                   |                |          |grown, and I have heard
                   |                |          |doubts expressed as to its
                   |                |          |being hardy enough to stand
                   |                |          |the winter in some
                   |                |          |districts. Not long ago I
                   |                |          |saw a fine specimen in a
                   |                |          |Kentish rectory garden. The
                   |                |          |tree is 5 feet or 6 feet
                   |                |          |high, and under the shelter
                   |                |          |of a thick hedge of
                   |                |          |Laurustinus it flowers
                   |                |          |freely every year, and also
                   |                |          |produces fruit. The long
                   |                |          |white and slightly tinted
                   |                |          |blooms, which change to
                   |                |          |purple, are very effective,
                   |                |          |but one rarely gets an
                   |                |          |opportunity of seeing this
                   |                |          |interesting tree in flower.
                   |                |          |Perhaps this is because it
                   |                |          |does not belong to the
                   |                |          |common order of things, or
                   |                |          |else it is not
                   |                |          |accommodating enough for
                   |                |          |general culture, but it is
                   |                |          |very beautiful." The
                   |                |          |Xanthoceras is sometimes
                   |                |          |trained against a wall, but
                   |                |          |its growth is too stiff for
                   |                |          |the purpose. The flowers
                   |                |          |are in dense spikes about 6
                   |                |          |inches long, reminding one
                   |                |          |of the Horse-Chestnut, and
                   |                |          |are an inch across
                   |                |          |individually. The foliage
                   |                |          |is very ornamental, and
                   |                |          |each leaf-stalk has seven
                   |                |          |pinnate, serrated,
                   |                |          |bright-green leaves. Apt to
                   |                |          |get spoilt by frost,
                   |                |          |however.
                   |                |          |
Yuccas             |Liliaceæ        |          |See pages 149, 250.
-------------------+----------------+----------+---------------------------

[Illustration: _YUCCA FILAMENTOSA var. FLACCIDA RIGHTLY PLACED._]

HARDY TREES AND SHRUBS FOR BEAUTY OF FOLIAGE AND GROWTH

The following is a table of hardy trees and shrubs more interesting for
the beauty of their foliage and growth than for their flowers, with
their popular names, approximate heights, native country, and other
particulars. All are deciduous unless otherwise specified. Those with an
asterisk (*) are the most important.

-------------------+-----------+--------------------------+----------------
                   | CHARACTER |                          |
    LATIN NAME.    |    AND    |        REMARKS.          | NATIVE COUNTRY.
                   |  HEIGHT.  |                          |
-------------------+-----------+--------------------------+----------------
                   |           |                          |
Acanthopanax       |Tree 50 ft.|Suitable for South and    |Japan
  ricinifolium     |           |West of England, needs a  |
                   |           |good loamy soil           |
                   |           |                          |
,, spinosum        |Shrub 8 ft.|For sheltered spots in    | ,,
                   |           |South                     |
                   |           |                          |
Acer argutum       |Tree 20 ft.|In ordinary soil and      | ,,
                   |           |position                  |
                   |           |                          |
,, campestre       |Tree 30 ft.|Will grow in dry spots    |Europe and
  (Field Maple)    |           |                          |Western Asia
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, variegatum  |Tree 20 ft.|If too much exposed the   |Garden form
                   |           |variegated leaves suffer  |
                   |           |                          |
,, carpinifolium   |Tree 30 ft.|In ordinary soil and      |Japan
                   |           |position                  |
                   |           |                          |
,, caudatum (Syn.  |Tree 20 ft.|Handsome leaves but rather|Himalaya
  A. acuminatum)   |           |tender                    |
                   |           |                          |
,, circinatum      |Tree 30 to |Needs a sheltered spot.   |California
                   |40 ft.     |Beautiful autumn foliage  |
                   |           |                          |
,, cissifolium     |Small tree |In ordinary soil and      |Japan
  (Syn. Negundo    |10 ft.     |position                  |
  cissifolium)     |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, cratægifolium   |Tree 15 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
                   |           |                          |
,, creticum (Syn.  |Tree 25 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |Asia Minor
  A. parvifolium), |           |                          |
  (Cretan Maple)   |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, *dasycarpum     |Tree 50 ft.|Soil must not be too dry  |North America
  (Syn. A.         |           |                          |
  eriocarpum),     |           |                          |
  (White Maple)    |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, dasycarpum      |Tree 50 ft.|Forms a very pretty lawn  | ,,
  laciniatum       |           |tree; soil must not be too|
                   |           |dry                       |
                   |           |                          |
,, diabolicum (Syn.|Tree 25 ft.|In ordinary soil and      |Japan
  A. pulchrum)     |           |position                  |
                   |           |                          |
,, distylum        |Tree 15 ft.|Very handsome leaves, 5 to|Japan, Nippon
                   |           |7 in. long, 4 in. broad;  |
                   |           |in ordinary soil and      |
                   |           |position                  |
                   |           |                          |
,, glabrum (Syn. A.|Tree 30 ft.|In ordinary soil and      |Western North
  tripartitum)     |           |position                  |America
                   |           |                          |
,, Heldreichi      |Tree 25 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |Eastern Europe
                   |           |                          |
,, hyrcanum (Syn.  |Tree 20 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |Caucasus
  A. caucasicum and|           |                          |
  A. lobatum)      |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, *japonicum (Syn.|Tree 10 to |Requires protection from  |Japan
  A. palmatum      |15 ft.     |cold winds in spring. Very|
  macrophyllum),   |           |slow in growth            |
  (Japanese Maple) |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, *japonicum      |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
  aureum           |           |                          |
  (Golden-leaved   |           |                          |
  Japanese Maple)  |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, Lobelii (Syn. A.|Tree 50 ft.|In ordinary soil and      |Southern Italy
  platanoides      |           |position                  |
  (Lobelii))       |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, macrophyllum    |Tree 70 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |North-West
  (Syn. A.         |           |                          |America
  speciosum)       |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, monspessulanum  |Tree 30 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |South of Europe
                   |           |                          |
,, Negundo (Syn.   |Tree 40 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |North America
  Negundo          |           |                          |
  aceroides)       |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, californicum|Tree 30 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |California
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, *variegatum |    ,,     |A well-known variegated   |Garden form
  (Variegated      |           |tree that must be         |
  Maple)           |           |sparingly planted         |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, aureum      |    ,,     |A very distinct tree,     |......
                   |           |yellow variegation        |
                   |           |                          |
,, opulifolium     |Small tree |In ordinary soil and      |Corsica
  (Syn. A. Opalus),|12 ft.     |position                  |
  (Italian Maple)  |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, *palmatum (Syn. |Tree 10 to |Requires protection from  |Japan
  A. polymorphum)  |15 ft.     |cold winds in spring. Slow|
                   |           |in growth, but the        |
                   |           |coloured-leaved varieties |
                   |           |are very showy and often  |
                   |           |brilliant                 |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, and many    |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
  varieties        |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, pennsylvanicum  |Tree 30 ft.|A fairly moist spot is    |North America
  (Syn. A.         |           |best for this; its striped|
  striatum)        |           |bark is very striking     |
                   |           |                          |
,, pictum          |Tree 50 ft.|In ordinary soil and      |Japan
                   |           |position                  |
                   |           |                          |
,, platanoides     |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Norway and
                   |           |                          |Sweden
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, laciniatum  |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Garden form
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, palmatum    |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, purpureum   |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
  (Purple-leaved   |           |                          |
  Maple)           |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, *Schwedleri |    ,,     |The young leaves of this  | ,,
                   |           |are red, and when growing |
                   |           |freely it is very striking|
                   |           |                          |
,, Pseudo-platanus |Tree 50 to |In ordinary soil and      |Europe
  (Sycamore)       |70 ft.     |position                  |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,,  ,,         |Tree 50 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |Garden form
  *Leopoldi        |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,,  ,,         |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
  purpureum        |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,,  ,, and     |Trees 20 to| ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
  other varieties  |50 ft.     |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, rubrum (Syn. A. |Tree 60 ft.|Needs a fairly moist soil |North America
  coccineum),      |           |somewhat sheltered        |
  (Scarlet Maple)  |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, saccharinum     |    ,,     |In ordinary soil and      | ,,
  (Sugar Maple)    |           |position                  |
                   |           |                          |
,, spicatum (Syn.  |Tree 20 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
  A. rugosum)      |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, tataricum       |Tree 30 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |Tartary
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, *Ginnala    |Tree 20 ft.|The brilliant colour of   |Japan
                   |           |its leaves in autumn      |
                   |           |attracts attention to     |
                   |           |this; in ordinary soil and|
                   |           |position                  |
                   |           |                          |
*Ailantus          |Tree 60 ft.|Good town tree, and for   |China
  glandulosa       |           |dry soils, and of quick   |
                   |           |growth                    |
                   |           |                          |
Alnus cordifolia   |Tree 20 ft.|Thrives in dryer soil than|South of Europe
                   |           |most Alders               |
                   |           |                          |
,, firma (Syn. A.  |Tree 30 ft.|Needs a moist spot        |Japan
  multinervis)     |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, glutinosa       |Tree 40 to |Grows well in boggy places|Europe and North
  (Common Alder)   |60 ft.     |                          |Africa
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, *aurea      |Tree 30 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |Garden form
  (Golden-leaved   |           |                          |
  Alder)           |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, *imperialis |Tree 50 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, and other   |Trees 30 to| ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
  varieties        |60 ft.     |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, incana      |Tree 50 to | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Northern
                   |70 ft.     |                          |temperate
                   |           |                          |regions
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, and         |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               |......
  varieties        |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, japonica        |Tree 30 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |Japan
  (Japanese Alder) |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, oregona         |Tree 20 ft.|Moist soil                |Western North
                   |           |                          |America
                   |           |                          |
,, orientalis      |Tree 25 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |Orient
                   |           |                          |
,, rhombifolia     |Tree 20 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |California
                   |           |                          |
,, serrulata       |Shrub 8 to | ,,  ,,  ,,               |North America
                   |10 ft.     |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, viridis     |Shrub 6 ft.|Does well in exposed      |Northern Europe
                   |           |position                  |and Asia
                   |           |                          |
Aristotelia Macqui |Sub-       |Rather tender, will grow  |Chili
                   |evergreen  |in ordinary soil          |
                   |shrub 6 ft.|                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, variegata   |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               |......
                   |           |                          |
Artemesia Abrotanum|Shrub 3 to |Very fragrant leaves; will|South of Europe
  (Southernwood)   |4 ft.      |grow in dry soils         |
                   |           |                          |
*Arundinaria       |Evergreen 2|Needs good, fairly moist  |Japan
  Veitchii         |to 3 ft.   |soil, and protection from |
                   |           |cutting winds             |
                   |           |                          |
Arundo Donax       |Evergreen  |Hardy in South of England,|Mediterranean
  (Giant Reed)     |10 ft.     |needs protection in North,|region
                   |           |moist soil                |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, variegata   |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Garden form
                   |           |                          |
Atraphaxis         |Shrub 2 ft.|Well drained, sandy peat, |Caucasus
  buxifolia        |           |fairly moist              |
                   |           |                          |
,, lanceolata      |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Temperate Asia
                   |           |                          |
,, Muschketowi     |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Central Asia
                   |           |                          |
,, spinosa         |Sub-       | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Orient
                   |evergreen  |                          |
                   |shrub 2 ft.|                          |
                   |           |                          |
Atriplex canescens |Shrub 3 ft.|Will grow in dry, sandy   |Western North
                   |           |soils, and also near the  |America
                   |           |sea                       |
                   |           |                          |
,, confertifolia   |Shrub 1 ft.|Fairly moist peaty soil   |Western United
                   |           |                          |States
                   |           |                          |
,, Halimus (Tree   |Shrub 6 ft.|Will grow in dry sandy    |Europe
  Parslane)        |           |soils and also near the   |
                   |           |sea                       |
                   |           |                          |
,, Nuttallii       |Shrub 3 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |Western North
                   |           |                          |America
                   |           |                          |
,, portulacoides   |Shrub 2 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |Europe
                   |           |                          |
Azara dentata      |Evergreen  |Ordinary soil, but        |Chili
                   |shrub 12   |thoroughly hardy only in  |
                   |ft.        |South and West of England |
                   |           |                          |
,, Gilliesii       |Evergreen  | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
                   |shrub 15   |                          |
                   |ft.        |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, integrifolia    |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
                   |           |                          |
,, *microphylla    |Evergreen  | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
                   |shrub 12   |                          |
                   |ft.        |                          |
                   |           |                          |
Baccharis          |Shrub 6 to |Useful for dry sandy soils|North America
  halimifolia      |8 ft.      |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, patagonica      |Shrub 4 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |Patagonia
                   |           |                          |
,, salicifolia     |Shrub 6 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |Southern United
                   |           |                          |States
                   |           |                          |
Berchemia racemosa |Climbing   |Deep moist soil and       |Japan
                   |shrub 15   |sheltered spot            |
                   |ft.        |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, volubilis (Syn. |Climbing   | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Southern United
  Rhamnus          |shrub 20   |                          |States
  volubilis)       |ft.        |                          |
                   |           |                          |
-------------------+-----------+--------------------------+----------------
                   | CHARACTER |                          |
    LATIN NAME.    |    AND    |        REMARKS.          | NATIVE COUNTRY.
                   |  HEIGHT.  |                          |
-------------------+-----------+--------------------------+----------------
                   |           |                          |
*Betula alba (Syn. |Tree 50 to |Will grow in bleak cold   |Northern
  B. verrucosa),   |60 ft.     |spots, but is beautiful   |Hemisphere
  (Silver Birch)   |           |everywhere                |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, *fastigiata |Tree 30 ft.|Extremely distinct upright|Garden form
                   |           |growth                    |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, *laciniata  |Tree 50 ft.|A charming lawn tree      | ,,
  (Cut-leaved      |           |                          |
  Birch)           |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, *pendula    |Drooping   |A weeping form            | ,,
  (Weeping Birch)  |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, *purpurea   |Tree 40 ft.|An effective              | ,,
  (Purple-leaved   |           |coloured-leaved tree      |
  Birch)           |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, corylifolia     |Tree 50 ft.|Grows well in ordinary    |Japan
  (Hazel-leaved    |           |soil and position         |
  Birch)           |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, davurica        |Tree 30 to | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Northern Asia
                   |40 ft.     |                          |and America
                   |           |                          |
,, fruticosa       |Shrub 6 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |Northern Asia
                   |           |                          |
,, lenta (Syn. B.  |Tree 60 to | ,,  ,,  ,,               |North America
  carpinifolia)    |70 ft.     |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, lutea (Syn. B.  |Tree 70 to | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
  excelsa), (Yellow|80 ft.     |                          |
  Birch)           |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, *Maximowiczii   |Tree 30 ft.|Much larger leaves than   |Japan
                   |           |any other Birch; very     |
                   |           |satisfactory with Messrs. |
                   |           |Veitch at Coombe Wood     |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, nana (Dwarf |Shrub 1 to |Grows well in ordinary    |Northern
  Birch)           |3 ft.      |soil and position         |Hemisphere
                   |           |                          |
,, *nigra (Syn. B. |Tree 60 to |Does best in moist soil   |North America
  rubra), (Red     |70 ft.     |                          |
  Birch)           |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, occidentalis    |Shrub 8 to |Grows well in ordinary    |Western North
                   |10 ft.     |soil and position         |America
                   |           |                          |
,, *papyrifera     |Tree 60 to |Prefers moist spots       |North America
  (Syn. B.         |70 ft.     |                          |
  papyracea),      |           |                          |
  (Canoe Birch)    |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, populifolia     |Tree 30 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
                   |           |                          |
,, pumila          |Shrub 2 to | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
                   |3 ft.      |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, utilis (Syn. B. |Tree 50 ft.|Rather tender except in   |Himalaya
  Bhojpattra),     |           |South and West            |
  (Indian Birch)   |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
Bigelovia Douglasii|Shrub 4 ft.|Will grow in poor sandy   |North America
                   |           |soils                     |
                   |           |                          |
,, graveolens      |Shrub 3 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
                   |           |                          |
Broussonetia       |Tree 15 ft.|Sometimes cut by frost,   |Japan
  Kæmpferi         |           |but quickly recovers      |
                   |           |                          |
,, *papyrifera     |Tree 20 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |China, Japan,
  (Syn. Morus      |           |                          |and Polynesia
  papyrifera),     |           |                          |
  (Paper Mulberry) |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
Bumelia lanuginosa |Shrub 10   |Needs good, fairly moist  |Southern United
  (Syn. Sideroxylon|ft.        |soil, and a sheltered spot|States
  lanuginosum)     |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, lycioides       |Sub-       | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
  (Syn. Sideroxylon|evergreen  |                          |
  lycioides)       |shrub 8 ft.|                          |
                   |           |                          |
Callicarpa         |Shrub 6 ft.|Rather tender; likes moist|North America
  americana        |           |soil                      |
                   |           |                          |
,, japonica        |Shrub 5 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |Japan
                   |           |                          |
Carpinus           |Tree 50 ft.|Any ordinary soil and     |North America
  caroliniana (Syn.|           |position                  |
  C. americana),   |           |                          |
  (American        |           |                          |
  Hornbeam)        |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, *Betulus        |Tree 50 to |Any ordinary soil and     |Europe
  (Common Hornbeam)|60 ft.     |position, good for Hedges |
                   |           |                          |
,, cordata         |Tree 40 ft.|Any ordinary soil and     |Japan
                   |           |position                  |
                   |           |                          |
,, japonica        |Tree 15 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
  (Japanese        |           |                          |
  Hornbeam)        |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
*Carya alba (Syn.  |Tree 50 to |Needs good loamy soil,    |North America
  Hicoria ovata),  |70 ft.     |very impatient of removal |
  (Shell Bark      |           |                          |
  Hickory)         |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, *olivæformis    |Tree 30 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
  (Syn. Hicoria    |           |                          |
  Peccan), (Peccan |           |                          |
  Nut)             |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
Castanea pumila    |Tree 12 ft.|Does best on light loamy  |United States
                   |           |soils                     |
                   |           |                          |
,, *sativa (Syn. C.|Tree 60 to | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Europe and North
  vesca), (Sweet   |70 ft.     |                          |Africa
  Chestnut)        |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, and         |Trees 20 to| ,,  ,,  ,,               |Garden forms
  varieties        |50 ft.     |                          |
                   |           |                          |
*Castanopsis       |Evergreen  |Needs shelter from cutting|California
  chrysophylla     |shrub 6 ft.|winds. Undersides of      |
  (Syn. Castanea   |to 10 ft.  |leaves are rich yellow    |
  chrysophylla),   |           |                          |
  (Golden Chestnut)|           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
Cedrela chinensis  |Tree 30 ft.|Hardy in South of England |China
  (Syn. Ailantus   |           |                          |
  flavescens)      |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
*Celastrus         |Climbing   |Useful for rambling over  |Japan
  articulatus      |shrub 20   |unsightly objects,        |
                   |ft.        |ordinary soil             |
                   |           |                          |
,, scandens        |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               |North America
                   |           |                          |
Celtis australis   |Tree 30 to |Ordinary soil and position|Mediterranean
  (Nettle tree)    |40 ft.     |                          |region
                   |           |                          |
,, japonica        |Tree 30 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |Japan
  (Japanese Nettle |           |                          |
  tree)            |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, mississippiensis|Tree 40 to | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Southern United
                   |50 ft.     |                          |States
                   |           |                          |
,, occidentalis    |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               |North America
                   |           |                          |
,, Tournefortii    |Tree 15    | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Orient
  (Syn. C.         |ft.        |                          |
  orientalis)      |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
Cephalanthus       |Shrub 6 ft.|Moist peaty soil          |North America
  occidentalis     |           |with plenty of sand       |
                   |           |                          |
Cercidophyllum     |Tree 20 to |Hardy in the South, rather|Japan
  japonicum        |30 ft.     |tender elsewhere          |
                   |           |                          |
Cleyera ochnacea   |Evergreen  |Does best treated as a    | ,,
  (Syn. C.         |shrub 6 ft.|wall plant in good soil   |
  japonica)        |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
Cocculus carolinus |Twining    |Will grow in warm dry     |North America
                   |shrub 20   |spots                     |
                   |ft.        |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, laurifolius     |Shrub 5 ft.|Needs protection of a wall|Himalaya to
                   |           |                          |Japan
                   |           |                          |
Colletia cruciata  |Shrub 6 ft.|Rather tender in North of |Uruguay
                   |           |England                   |
                   |           |                          |
,, ferox (Syn. C.  |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
  spinosa, C.      |           |                          |
  horrida)         |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
Coriaria myrtifolia|Shrub 5 ft.|A deep light soil suits   |Mediterranean
                   |           |this best                 |Region
                   |           |                          |
Cornus alba        |Shrub 6 ft.|Ordinary soil and position|North America
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, *sibirica   |Shrub 5 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |Siberia
  (Siberian        |           |                          |
  Dogwood)         |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, *Spaethii   |Shrub 6 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |Garden form
                   |           |                          |
,, alternifolia    |Shrub 10   | ,,  ,,  ,,               |North America
                   |ft.        |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, Amomum          |Shrub 6 ft.|Does best in damp spots   | ,,
                   |           |                          |
,, Baileyi         |    ,,     |Ordinary soil and position| ,,
                   |           |                          |
,, circinata       |Shrub 5 ft.|Does best in damp spots   | ,,
                   |           |                          |
,, florida         |Shrub 10   |Our summers are rarely hot|Eastern North
                   |ft.        |enough to flower this     |America
                   |           |well. Pendula is a        |
                   |           |beautiful weeping variety.|
                   |           |A delightful shrub whose  |
                   |           |large white blossoms are  |
                   |           |borne in June             |
                   |           |                          |
,, *Kousa (Syn.    |Shrub 8 to |Hardy, grows slowly when  |Japan
  Benthamia        |10 ft.     |young. Flowers            |
  japonica),       |           |delightfully when         |
  (Japanese        |           |established. Should be in |
  Strawberry tree) |           |other list.               |
                   |           |                          |
,, macrophylla     |Tree 40 ft.|Deep fairly moist soil. A |Northern India
  (Beautiful at    |           |handsome tree             |to Japan
  Coombe Wood)     |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, *Mas (Cornelian |Small tree |Ordinary soil and position|Europe
  Cherry)          |15 ft.     |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, officinalis     |Small tree | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Japan
                   |10 to 15   |                          |
                   |ft.        |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, pubescens       |Shrub 6 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |North America
                   |           |                          |
,, sanguinea       |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Europe and North
  (Common Dogwood) |           |                          |Asia
                   |           |                          |
,, stolonifera     |Shrub 6 to | ,,  ,,  ,,               |North America
  (Red Osier       |8 ft.      |                          |
  Dogwood)         |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
Corylus americana  |Shrub 5 to | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
  (American Hazel) |8 ft.      |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, *Avellana       |Tree or    | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Europe and Asia
  (Common Hazel)   |shrub 20   |                          |
                   |ft.        |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, and         |Trees or   | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Garden forms
  varieties        |shrubs     |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, *Colurna        |Tree 40 to | ,,  ,,  ,,               |South-Eastern
  (Constantinople  |50 ft.     |                          |Europe to
  Hazel)           |           |                          |Himalaya
                   |           |                          |
,, heterophylla    |Tree or    | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Japan
                   |shrub 15   |                          |
                   |ft.        |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, mandshurica     |Small tree | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Amurland and
  (Japanese Hazel) |20 ft.     |                          |Japan
                   |           |                          |
,, maxima (Cob Nut)|Tree or    | ,,  ,,  ,,               |South Europe
                   |shrub 20   |                          |
                   |ft.        |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, rostrata (Beaked|Shrub 5 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |North America
  Hazel)           |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
*Danæ Laurus (Syn. |Evergreen  |Grows well in shady spots |Asia Minor
  Ruscus           |shrub 4 ft.|                          |
  racemosus),      |           |                          |
  (Alexandrian     |           |                          |
  laurel)          |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
Decumaria barbara  |Climbing   |Needs a warm sheltered    |Southern United
                   |shrub 10   |border                    |States
                   |ft.        |                          |
                   |           |                          |
Drimys aromatica   |Evergreen  |Hardy only in South and   |Tasmania
  (Tasmanian Pepper|shrub 10   |West                      |
  plant)           |ft.        |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, Winteri         |Evergreen  | ,,  ,,  ,,               |South America
  (Winter's Bark)  |shrub 20   |                          |
                   |ft.        |                          |
                   |           |                          |
*Elæagnus          |Tree 20 ft.|Will grow in dry sandy    |Mediterranean
  angustifolia     |           |soils                     |region
  (Syn. E.         |           |                          |
  hortensis),      |           |                          |
  (Wild Olive)     |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, argentea (Syn.  |Shrub 5 ft.|Needs a fairly moist soil |North America
  Shepherdia       |           |                          |
  argentea),       |           |                          |
  (Silver Berry)   |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, *glabra         |Evergreen  |Ordinary soil not too dry |China and Japan
                   |shrub 6 ft.|                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, *macrophylla    |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
                   |           |                          |
,, *multiflora     |Deciduous  | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
  (Syn. E. edulis, |shrub 8 ft.|                          |
  E. longipes)     |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, orientalis      |Tree 20 ft.|Will grow in dry sandy    |Orient
                   |           |soils                     |
                   |           |                          |
,, *pungens        |Evergreen  |One of our finest         |China and Japan
  (Syn. E. reflexa)|shrub 6 to |evergreens                |
                   |8 ft.      |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, *and        |    ,,     |Will do well in ordinary  |Garden forms
  varieties        |           |soil                      |
                   |           |                          |
,, umbellata (Syn. |Sub-       | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Japan
  E. japonica)     |evergreen  |                          |
                   |shrub 8 ft.|                          |
                   |           |                          |
-------------------+-----------+--------------------------+----------------
                   | CHARACTER |                          |
    LATIN NAME.    |    AND    |        REMARKS.          | NATIVE COUNTRY.
                   |  HEIGHT.  |                          |
-------------------+-----------+--------------------------+----------------
                   |           |                          |
Empetrum nigrum    |Evergreen  |Needs moist peaty soil    |Britain
  (Crowberry)      |shrub 1 ft.|                          |
                   |           |                          |
Ephedra americana  |Evergreen  |Does well in dry stony    |Chili
                   |shrub 3 ft.|places                    |
                   |           |                          |
,, distachya       |Evergreen  | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Europe and Asia
                   |shrub      |                          |Minor
                   |3 to 4 ft. |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, gerardiana      |Evergreen  |Rather tender             |Himalaya
                   |shrub 2 ft.|                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, helvetica       |Evergreen  |Does well in dry stony    |South Europe
                   |shrub 2 ft.|places                    |
                   |           |                          |
,, trifurca        |Evergreen  | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Western North
                   |shrub 3 ft.|                          |America
                   |           |                          |
Ercilla volubilis  |Evergreen  |Needs protection of a wall|Chili
  (Syn. E. spicata)|twiner 15  |in most districts         |
                   |ft.        |                          |
                   |           |                          |
Eriobotrya japonica|Evergreen  | ,,  ,,  ,,               |China and Japan
  (Syn. Photinia   |tree 20 ft.|                          |
  japonica),       |           |                          |
  (Loquat),        |           |                          |
  handsome leaves  |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
Eurya japonica     |Evergreen  |Hardy only in south and   |India, China,
                   |shrub 6 ft.|west                      |and Japan
                   |           |                          |
Fagus ferruginea   |Tree 40 to |Ordinary soil and position|North America
  (Syn. F.         |60 ft.     |                          |
  americana),      |           |                          |
  (American beech) |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, *sylvatica      |Tree 60 to | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Europe and Asia
  (Common Beech)   |100 ft.    |                          |Minor
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,,             |Tree 50 ft.|Best dark-leaved form     |Garden form
  *atropurpurea    |           |                          |
  (Purple-leaved   |           |                          |
  Beech)           |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, *cuprea     |    ,,     |Ordinary soil and position| ,,
  (Copper Beech)   |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, heterophylla|    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, *pendula    |Tree,      | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
  (Weeping Beech)  |height     |                          |
                   |various    |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, *purpurea   |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
  pendula          |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, and other   |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Garden forms
  varieties        |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
*Fatsia japonica   |Evergreen  |Needs sheltered spot, cool|Japan
  (Syn. Aralia     |shrub 3 to |moist soil                |
  japonica)        |8 feet     |                          |
                   |           |                          |
*Ficus Carica      |Tree or    |Does best on wall, good   |Afghanistan
  (Common Fig)     |shrub  15  |town plant                |and Eastern
                   |to 20 ft.  |                          |Persia
                   |           |                          |
Fraxinus americana |Tree 30 to |Ordinary soil and position|North America
  (White Ash)      |40 ft.     |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, augustifolia    |Tree 30 to | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Southern Europe
                   |50 ft.     |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, anomala         |Tree 12 ft.|Needs sheltered spot      |Utah
                   |           |                          |
,, caroliniana     |Tree 30 to |Ordinary soil and position|United States
  (Water Ash)      |50 ft.     |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, chinensis       |Tree 25 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |China
  (Chinese Ash)    |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, *Excelsior      |Tree 30 to | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Europe
  (Common Ash)     |80 ft.     |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, aurea       |Tree 50 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |Garden form
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, aurea       |Tree,      | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
  pendula (Weeping |height     |                          |
  Golden Ash)      |various    |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, crispa      |Tree 30 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, heterophylla|Tree 50 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
  (Syn. monophylla)|           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, *pendula    |Tree,      | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
  (Weeping Ash)    |height     |                          |
                   |various    |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, and other   |Trees,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Garden forms
  varieties        |height     |                          |
                   |various    |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, mandshurica     |Tree 70 to | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Mandchuria and
                   |80 ft.     |                          |Japan
                   |           |                          |
,, nigra (Syn. F.  |Tree 50 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |North America
  sambucifolia)    |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, numidica        |Tree 30 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |North Africa
                   |           |                          |
,, oregona (Syn. F.|Tree 50 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |Western United
  californica),    |           |                          |States
  (Oregon Ash)     |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, *parvifolia     |Tree 30 to | ,,  ,,  ,,               |South Europe
  (Syn. F.         |50 ft.     |                          |
  lentiscifolia)   |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, pendula     |Tree,      | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Garden form
                   |height     |                          |
                   |various    |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, pennsylvanica   |Tree 30 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |North America
  (Syn. F.         |           |                          |
  pubescens)       |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, potamophila     |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Turkestan
  (Swamp Ash)      |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, quadrangulata   |Tree 60 to | ,,  ,,  ,,               |United States
  (Blue Ash)       |70 ft.     |                          |
                   |           |                          |
Gleditschia        |Tree 30 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |Southern China
  australis        |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, japonica        |Tree 50 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |Japan
  (Japanese Locust)|           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, monosperma      |Tree 60 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |Southern United
  (Water Locust)   |           |                          |States
                   |           |                          |
,, sinensis (Syn.  |Tree 30 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |China
  G. ferox, G.     |           |                          |
  horrida)         |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, triacanthos     |Tree 60 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |Eastern United
  (Honey Locust)   |           |                          |States
                   |           |                          |
Griselinia         |Evergreen  |Hardy only in South and   |New Zealand
  littoralis       |tree or    |West of England           |
                   |shrub 20   |                          |
                   |ft.        |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, lucida          |Evergreen  | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
                   |tree 15 ft.|                          |
                   |           |                          |
Gymnocladus        |Tree 50 ft.|Needs good deep soil      |North America
  canadensis       |           |                          |
  (Kentucky Coffee |           |                          |
  Tree)            |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, chinensis       |Tree 25 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |China
                   |           |                          |
Hymenanthera       |Shrub 3 ft.|Succeeds in fairly moist  |New Zealand
  crassifolia      |           |peaty soil                |
                   |           |                          |
Idesia polycarpa   |Tree 20 ft.|Deep open loam,           |Japan
                   |           |shelter from strong winds |
                   |           |                          |
Ilex ambigua (Syn. |Shrub 4 to |Ordinary soil and position|Southern United
  Prinos ambigua)  |5 ft.      |                          |States
                   |           |                          |
,, Amelanchier     |Shrub 6 to | ,,  ,,  ,,               |North America
  (Syn. Prinos     |8 ft.      |                          |
  lanceolata)      |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, Aquifolium      |Evergreen  | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Europe
  (Common Holly)   |tree 10 to |                          |
                   |40 ft.     |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,,             |Evergreen  | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Garden form
  angustifolium    |tree or    |                          |
  (Narrow-leaved   |shrub      |                          |
  Holly)           |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, argenteo    |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
  marginata (Silver|           |                          |
  Variegated Holly)|           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, *argenteo   |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
  pendula (Weeping |           |                          |
  Silver Holly)    |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,,             |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
  *aureo-marginata |           |                          |
  (Golden Holly)   |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, ferox       |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
  (Hedgehog Holly) |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,,  ,, aurea   |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
  (Golden Hedgehog |           |                          |
  Holly)           |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, *fructo     |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
  luteo            |           |                          |
  (Yellow-berried  |           |                          |
  Holly)           |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,,             |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
  *handsworthensis |           |                          |
  (Handsworth      |           |                          |
  Holly)           |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, *hodginsii  |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, laurifolia  |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
  var. nova, large |           |                          |
  leaves           |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, pendula     |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
  tricolor (Weeping|           |                          |
  Variegated Holly)|           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, watereriana |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
  (Waterer's Holly)|           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, cornuta         |Evergreen  | ,,  ,,  ,,               |China
                   |shrub 6 ft.|                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, *crenata        |Evergreen  | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Japan
  (Japanese Holly) |shrub 3 ft.|                          |
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, variegata   |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
                   |           |                          |
,, glabra (Syn.    |Evergreen  | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Eastern United
  Prinos glaber),  |shrub 2 to |                          |States
  (Ink Berry)      |3 ft.      |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, lævigata (Syn.  |Shrub 6 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               | ,,
  Prinos lævigatus)|           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, latifolia       |Evergreen  |Needs protection of a wall|Japan
  (Large-leaved    |tree 20 ft.|in most parts of England  |
  Holly)           |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, opaca           |Evergreen  |Ordinary soil and position|Eastern United
                   |tree 30 ft.|                          |States
                   |           |                          |
,, rotunda         |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Japan
  (Round-leaved    |           |                          |
  Holly)           |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, *Wilsoni        |           |A splendid Holly, with    |
                   |           |large dark-green leaves   |
                   |           |and big crimson berries   |
                   |           |                          |
Juglans californica|Tree 30 ft.|Good deep loam, rather dry|California
  (Californian     |           |                          |
  Walnut)          |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, *cinerea        |Tree 60 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |North America
  (Butter Nut)     |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, mandshurica     |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, nigra (Black    |Tree 60 ft.|Good deep loam, rather dry|North America
  Walnut)          |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, *regia (Common  |    ,,     | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Caucasus to
  Walnut)          |           |                          |Himalaya
                   |           |                          |
,,  ,, and         |Trees      | ,,  ,,  ,,               |Garden forms
  varieties        |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |
,, rupestris       |Tree 30 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |Western United
                   |           |                          |States
                   |           |                          |
,, sieboldiana     |Tree 50 ft.| ,,  ,,  ,,               |Japan
  (Syn. J.         |           |                          |
  ailantifolia)    |           |                          |
                   |           |                          |