The remedy of the law lies open to all within the kingdom
     who ask it.

Optima interpres legum consuetudo.

     Custom is the best interpreter of the laws.

Optimus interpretandi modus est, sic leges interpretare ut leges
legibus concordant.

     The best method of interpreting, is so to interpret the
     laws, that laws agree with laws.

Optimus interpres rerum usus.

     Use is the best interpreter of things.

Optimus legum interpres consuetudo.

     Custom is the best interpreter of laws.

P.

Pacta dant legem contractui.

     Bargains give a law to contract.

Pacta privata juri publico derogare non possunt.

     Private bargains cannot derogate from public right.

Pacta quæ contra leges constitutionesque vel contra bonos mores fiunt,
nullam vim habere indubitati juris est.

     It is a part of established law, that bargains have
     no force which are made against laws, and constituted
     authorities are against good manners.

Pacta reciproca vel utrosque ligant vel neutrum.

     Mutual bargains bind both parties, or neither.

Pacta vel ex naturæ et sanguinis vi, vel ex mutuo fructu, vel ex
auctoritate et præsumptione legis obligant.

     Bargains are binding either from the ties of nature and
     blood, or from mutual advantage, or from authority, and
     from presumption of law.

Pactis privatorum publico juri derogari nequit.

     By the bargains of private persons, nothing can be
     derogated from public law.

Pacto aliquod licitum est quod sine pacto non admittitur.

     Any thing is allowed by a bargain, which is not admitted
     without a bargain.

Panis egentium vita pauperum et qui defraudat eos vir sanguinis.

     He is a man of violence, who deprives the indigent poor of
     bread, and who defrauds them.

Par in parem imperium non habet.

     Equal has no power over equal.

Par scientiæ pares contrahentes facit.

     Like makes those who repair to him, his like in wisdom.

Paribus sententiis reus absolvitur.

     A guilty person is absolved by an equal number of votes,
     for or against him.

Parentum est liberos alere etiam nothos.

     It is the duty of parents to maintain their children, even
     bastards.

Partem aliquam recte intelligere nemo potest, antequam totum, iterum
atque iterum, perlegerit.

     Nobody can rightly understand any part, before he hath
     perused the whole again and again.

Partes rei sunt favorabiliores.

     The condition of the defender is more favourable.

Parum proficit scire quid fieri debet, si non cognoscas quo modo sit
faciendum.

     It is of little avail to know what ought to be done, if you
     do not know how it may be done.

Particeps criminis non est audiendus.

     The accomplice of a crime is not to be heard.

Paribus sententiis reus absolvitur.

     The accused is acquitted by an equal number of votes, for,
     or against him.

Patefactio rei trahit ad se remedium.

     The disclosing of a matter draws a remedy to itself.

Partus ex legitimo thoro non certius noscit matrem quam genitorem suum.

     The offspring of a lawful marriage does not more certainly
     know its mother than its father.

Partus sequitur ventrem.

     The offspring follows the mother.

Pater est quem nuptiæ demonstrant.

     He is the father whom the marriage demonstrates to be so.

Paterna paternis, materna maternis.

     Paternal things belong to a father, maternal things to the
     mother.

Peccata contra naturam sunt gravissima.

     Sins against nature are most heinous.

Pecunia dicitur a _pecus_, omnes enim veterum divitiæ in animalibus
consistebant.

     The Latin name for money is derived from another Latin
     term signifying cattle; for all the riches of the ancients
     consisted of animals.

Pejus est judicio quam per vim injuste facere.

     It is worse to act in a trial unjustly, than by force.

Pendente lite nihil innovetur.

     When the law-suit is pending, let there be no innovation.

Pendenti lite nihil innovandum.

     While a law-suit is depending, no innovation ought to take
     place.

Per rationes pervenitur ad legitimam (legalem) rationem.

     We arrive at the legitimate meaning by reasonings.

Per varios actus, legem experientia fecit.

     Experience has made law by various acts.

Pereat unus, ne pereant omnes.

     Let one perish, lest all should perish.

Periculosum est quod non bonorum virorum comprobatur exemplis.

     That is dangerous which is not countenanced by the examples
     of good men.

Periculosum est res novas et inusitatas inducere.

     It is dangerous to introduce strange and unusual things.

Perjurii pœna divina exitium humana dedecus.

     The divine punishment of perjury is destruction; the human
     punishment is disgrace.

Perjuri sunt qui servatis verbis juramenti decipiunt aures eorum qui
accipiunt.

     They are perjured who observing the words of an oath,
     deceive the ears of those who hear them.

Perpetua lex est nullam legem humanam ac positivam perpetuam esse; et
clausula quæ abrogationem excludit, ab initio non valet.

     It is a perpetual law, that there is no human and positive
     law perpetual; and the clause which excludes disannulling,
     is not valid from the beginning.

Perpetuitatibus lex obsistit.

     The law opposes perpetuities.

Persona conjuncta æquiparatur interesse proprio.

     A conjunct person has an equal share in his own right.

Perspicua vera non sunt probanda.

     Self-evident truths are not to be proved.

Pirata communis omnium hostis.

     A pirate is the common enemy of all men.

Placita debent apte concludere.

     The wills of superiors ought to conclude fitly.

Placita ex directo esse debent, et nil per inductionem supponere.

     The writs of superiors ought to be directly expressed, and
     to suppose nothing by way of induction or inference.

Placita negativa duo exitum non faciunt.

     Two negative wills produce no effect.

Placitorum alia dilatoria, alia peremptoria.

     Some edicts admit of delay, others are peremptory.

Placitum affirmativum sine negativo exitum non facit.

     An affirmative will produces no effect without a negative.

Placitum debet esse verum, sufficiens, certum, simplex, et brevi
congruens, et præcedentibus constans, et ordinem spectans.

     A will ought to be true, sufficient, clear, simple, and
     agreeing with the brief, and consisting with preceding
     ones, and having regard to order.

Placitum mendax non est placitum.

     A lying will, is not a will.

Placitum nemo cassabit nisi melius dando.

     Nobody can make void a will, unless by giving what is
     better.

Plus cautionis in re est, quam in persona.

     There is more security in property, than in a person.

Plus enim valet quod agitur quam quod similate concipitur.

     The matter in question is of greater weight than the
     induction which can be taken from similar ones.

Plus exempla quam peccata nocent.

     Examples do more harm than transgressions.

Plus peccat auctor quam per quem agitur.

     The adviser is worse than the agent.

Plus peccat author quam actor.

     The adviser transgresses more than the agent.

Plus valet oculatus testis unus, quam auriti decem.

     One eye witness is more valid, than ten ear witnesses.

Plus valet vulgaris consuetudo, quam regalis concessio.

     Common custom is more valid, than a royal grant.

Plus vident oculi quam oculus.

     Two eyes see more than one.

Pœna ad paucos, metus ad omnes perveniat.

     Let punishment come to a few, fear to all.

Pœna non debet ante ire crimen.

     Punishment ought not to precede a crime.

Pœna et delicti defuncti hæres teneri non debet.

     An heir cannot be bound by the punishment and transgression
     of the deceased.

Pœnæ potius molliendæ, quam exasperandæ sunt.

     Punishments are rather to be mitigated, than made more
     severe.

Pœna vel remedium ex incrementio quod prius erat non tollit.

     Neither punishment nor remedy, takes away from the increase
     which was before.

Politiæ legibus non leges politiis adaptandæ.

     Policies ought to be adapted to the laws, not laws to the
     policies.

Pondere, numero, et mensura.

     By weight, by number, and by measure.

Populus Anglicanus nemini servire aut consuevit aut debuit nisi Deo et
legibus.

     The people of England have been accustomed to be subject to
     nobody, nor ought they; but to God and the laws.

Populus Anglicanus non nisi suis legibus quas ipse elegerit tenetur
obtemperare.

     The people of England are bound to obey only their own
     laws, which they themselves have chosen.

Possessio contra omnes valet, præter eum cui jus sit possessionis.

     Possession is valid against all, except him who has the
     right of possession.

Possessio fratris de fœdo simplici facit sororem esse hæredem.

     The possession of a brother of a simple feu, makes his
     sister to be his heiress.

Possessio terminum tenentis, possessio reversionarii est habenda.

     The possession of the tenant of a fund, is to be reckoned
     the possession of a reversionary.

Posteriora derogant prioribus.

     Latter things derogate from the former.

Potestas regia est facere justitiam.

     To do justice is royal power.

Potior est conditio possidentis.

     The condition of a possessor is preferable.

Potius est privatum incommodum quam publicum malum.

     A private inconvenience, is better than a public evil.

Potentia debet sequi justitiam, non antecedere.

     Power ought to follow justice, not to go before it.

Potestas suprema seipsum dissolvere potest, ligare non potest.

     The supreme power can dissolve itself; it cannot bind
     itself.

Præscriptio est titulus ex usu et tempore substantiam capiens ab
authoritate legis.

     Prescription is a title from use and time, deriving
     substance from the authority of the law.

Præscriptio est titulus qui sequitur personam, ex usu et tempore
substantiam capiens ex auctoritate legis.

     Prescription is a title, which follows the person from use
     and time, deriving substance from the authority of the law.

Præscriptio non datur in bona felonum nisi per recordum.

     Prescription is not granted against the goods of felons,
     unless by record.

Præsentia corporis tollit errorem nominis; et veritas nominis tollit
errorem demonstrationis.

     The presence of the body, takes away mistake of name; and
     the truth of the name removes the error of demonstration.

Præsenti periculo succurrendum nequa oriri possit injuria.

     We must bring relief to present danger, lest any injury may
     arise.

Præstat cautela quam medela.

     Caution is better than a remedy.

Præsumitur Rex habere omnia jura in scrinio pectoris sui.

     The king is presumed to have all the law, in the recess of
     his heart.

Præsumptio violenta valet in lege.

     Strong presumption is valid in law.

Prætextu liciti non debet admitti illicitum.

     An unlawful thing ought not to be admitted under a lawful
     pretext.

Prærogativum est, ejus Regis bonum et antiquum, in decus et tutamen
regni, secundum bonas et antiquas populi libertates et legis Anglicanæ
leges et consuetudines.

     Prerogative is the good and ancient right of the king, for
     the honour and protection of the kingdom, according to the
     good and ancient liberties of the people, and the usages
     and customs of the English laws.

Pretium succedit in loco rei.

     A price comes in the place of the property.

Primus actus judicii est judicis approbatorius.

     The first act of a trial, is the approbatory act of the
     judge.

Principalis debet semper excuti antequam perveniatur ad fidei jussores.

     The principal ought always to be discussed, before recourse
     be had to his cautioners.

Principia data sequuntur concomitantia.

     When principal things are granted, concomitants follow.

Principia probant, non probantur.

     Principles prove, are not proved.

Principiis obsistendum.

     We must resist principles.

Principis beneficium debet esse mansurum.

     The favour of a prince ought to be permanent.

Privatorum conventio juri publico non derogat.

     The agreement of a private person, does not derogate from
     public law.

Privatum commodum publico cedit.

     Private advantage yields to public.

Privilegium non valet contra rempublicam.

     Privilege is not valid against the state.

Pro possessore habetur, qui dolo desiit possidere.

     He is considered as a possessor, who no longer possesses by
     fraud.

Pro possessore habetur, qui dolo injuriave desiit possidere.

     He is considered as a possessor, who no longer possesses by
     fraud or injury.

Probandi necessitas incumbit illi qui agit.

     The necessity of proving, lies on him who raises the action.

Probationes debent esse evidentes, perspicuæ et faciles intelligi.

     Proofs ought to be evident, perspicuous, and easily
     understood.

Prohibetur ne quis faciat in suo quod nocere possit alteri.

     It is forbidden that any one should do in his own concern
     what might hurt another.

Prohibetur ne quis faciat in suo quod nocere possit in alieno.

     It is prohibited that any one should do in his own concern,
     what may be hurtful to another person.

Propinquior excludit propinquium; et propinquus remotum, et remotus
remotiorem.

     A nearer relation excludes propinquity; and a relation a
     remote person; and a remote person, one more remote.

Proprium est Regis gratiam delicti facere.

     It is the prerogative of the king to pardon a transgression.

Proprietates verborum servandæ sunt.

     The proprieties of words are to be observed.

Protectio trahit subjectionem, et subjectio protectionem.

     Protection draws along with it subjection, and subjection
     protection.

Proximus sum egomet mihi.

     I myself am nearest to myself.

Prudenter agit qui præcepto legis obtemperat.

     He acts prudently who obeys the precept of the laws.

Q.

Quæ ad unum finem loquuta sunt, non debent ad alium detorqueri.

     What things have been spoken to one purpose ought not to be
     improperly applied to another.

Quæ cohærent personæ a persona separari nequeunt.

     Things inherent to a person, cannot be separated from a
     person.

Quæ communi legi derogant stricte interpretantur.

     The things which derogate from common law, are strictly
     interpreted.

Quæ contra rationem juris introducta sunt, non debent trahi in
consequentiam.

     What things are introduced against the rule of right, ought
     not to be drawn into consequence.

Quæ dubitationis causa tollendæ inseruntur, communem legem non lædunt.

     What things are inserted for the sake of removing
     ambiguity, do not hurt common law.

Quæ dubitationis tollendæ causa contractibus inseruntur, jus commune
non lædunt.

     What things are inserted in contracts for the purpose of
     taking away ambiguity, do not hurt common law.

Quæ in partes dividi nequeunt solida a singulis præstantur.

     What cannot be divided into parts, are performed in the
     lump by individuals.

Quæ in testamento ita sunt scripta, ut intelligi non possint: perinde
sunt, ac si scripta non essent.

     What things are so written in a testament that they cannot
     be understood, are just as if they had not been written.

Quæ incontinenti vel certo fiunt inesse videntur.

     Those things which are done at once, or certainly, seem to
     be inherent.

Quæ inter alios acta sunt nemini nocere debent, sed prodesse possunt.

     What things are done among others, ought to hurt nobody,
     but may do good.

Quæ legi communi derogant non sunt trahenda in exemplum.

     What things derogate from common law, are not to be drawn
     into example.

Quæ non valeant (prosunt) singula, juncta juvant.

     Those things which are of no avail when single, are
     profitable when joined.

Quæ non valerent singula, juncta juvant.

     What things would not avail single, are profitable when
     joined.

Quæ præter consuetudinem et morem majorem fiunt, neque placent, neque
recte videntur.

     What things are done contrary to custom and ancient usage,
     neither please nor seem to be proper.

Quæ rerum natura prohibentur, nulla lege confirmata sunt.

     What things are prohibited in the nature of things, are
     confirmed by no law.

Quæ singula non prosunt, juncta juvant.

     Single things which do no good, assist when combined.

Quæ sunt temporalia ad agendum, sunt perpetua ad excipiendum.

     What things are temporal with regard to action, are
     perpetual for receiving.

Quæcunque intra rationem legis inveniuntur, intra ipsam legem esse
judicantur.

     Whatsoever things are found within the meaning of the law,
     are judged to be within the reach of the law.

Quæcunque lex vult fieri non vult frustra fieri.

     Whatsoever the law wishes to be done, it wishes not to be
     done in vain.

Quædam in majus malum vitandum permittet lex quæ tamen nequaquam probet.

     The law allows certain things for the avoiding of a greater
     evil, which, however, it by no means approves.

Quælibet concessio fortissime contra donatorem interpretanda est.

     Any grant is most forcibly to be interpreted against the
     donor.

Quælibet pœna corporalis quamvis minima, major est qualibet pœna
pecuniaria.

     The least corporeal punishment, is greater than any
     pecuniary punishment.

Quæstio fit de legibus, non de personis.

     A question is made concerning the laws, not concerning
     persons.

Qualitas quæ inesse debet, facile præsumitur.

     The quality which ought to be inherent, is easily presumed.

Quamvis aliquid ex se non sit malum, tamen si sit mali exempli, non est
faciendum.

     Although a thing is not bad of itself, however, if it has a
     tendency to set a bad example, it is not to be done.

Quamvis lex generaliter loquitur, restringenda tamen est ut cessante
ratione et ipsa cessat: cum enim ratio sit anima vigorque ipsius
legis, non videtur legislator id sensisse quod ratione careat, etiamsi
verborum generalitas prima facie aliter suadeat.

     Although the law speaks in the general, it is, however, to
     be restricted that while the reason, or meaning ceaseth,
     itself likewise ceaseth; for since reason is the soul and
     strength of the law itself, the legislator does not seem
     to have intended that which wants a reason, although the
     generality of words may at first sight induce us to believe
     otherwise.

Quamvis aliquid per se non sit malum, tamen si sit mali exempli, non
est faciendum.

     Although any thing may not be evil of itself, however, if
     it be of bad example, it is not to be done.

Quando aliquid cui conceditur, conceditur et id per quod pervenitur ad
illud.

     When any thing is granted to any one, likewise that is
     granted by which he comes to it.

Quando aliquid prohibetur ex directo, prohibetur et per obliquum.

     When any thing is prohibited directly, it is prohibited
     likewise indirectly.

Quando aliquid prohibetur, prohibetur omne id per quod devenitur ad
illud.

     When any thing is prohibited, that also is prohibited by
     which we come to that.

Quando charta continet generalem clausulam, posteaque descendit ad
verba specialia, quæ clausulæ generali sunt consentanea, interpretanda
est charta secundum verba specialia.

     When a charter contains a general clause, and afterwards
     descends to special expressions, which are agreeable to the
     general clause, the charter is to be interpreted according
     to the special words.

Quando lex aliquid alicui concedit, concedere videtur id sine quo res
ipsa esse non potest.

     When the law grants any thing to any one, it seems to grant
     that without which the thing itself cannot exist.

Quando lex aliquid alicui concedit, omnia incidentia tacite conceduntur.

     When the law grants any thing to any one, all incidental
     things are tacitly granted.

Quando lex est specialis, ratio autem generalis, generaliter lex est
intelligenda.

     When the law is special, but the reason general, the law is
     to be generally understood.

Quando plus fit quam fieri debet, videtur etiam illud fieri quod
faciendum fuit.

     When more is done than ought to be done, that too seems to
     be done, which should have been done.

Quando verba statuti sunt specialia, ratio autem generalis, generaliter
statutum est intelligendum.

     When the words of a statute are special, but the reason
     general, the statute is to be understood generally.

Quemadmodo non respondent judices, ita, ea quæstionem juris non
respondent juratores.
[Transcriber’s Note: This maxim should read, “Quemadmodum ad quæstionem
facti non respondent judices, ita ad quæstionem juris non respondent
juratores.”]

     As judges do not reply, so, from that the jurors do not
     answer a question of law.
     [Transcriber’s Note: This translation should be, “As judges
     do not answer to questions of fact, jurors do not answer to
     questions of law.”]

Qui ab alio derivatum jus habet, non alia lege obtinebit ac is unde
derivatum est.

     He who hath a right derived from another, will not obtain
     it by any other law than he from whom it is derived.

Qui abjurat regnum amittit regnum sed non regem, patriam, sed non
patrem patriæ.

     He who abjures the kingdom, loses the kingdom; but not the
     king his native country, but not the father of his country.

Qui accusat integræ famæ sit et non criminosus.

     Let him who accuses, be of unblemished character, and not
     criminal.

Qui adimit medium dirimit finem.

     He who takes away the middle, will demolish the end.

Qui alienas res negligenter perdit, aut vi vel dolo malo aufert, suas
amittitio.

     Whosoever negligently ruins another man’s property, or
     takes it away by force, or evil fraud, let him lose his own.

Qui æquitatem petit, æquitatem faciat.

     Whosoever demands justice, let him practise justice.

Qui aliquid statuerit, parte inaudita altera æquum licet dixerit, haud
æquum fecerit.

     He who shall have determined any thing, the one party being
     unheard, though he may speak justice, hath not done what is
     just.

Qui altari serviunt ab altari vivant.

     They who serve at the altar, should live by the altar.

Qui alterum incusat ne in eodem saltem genere sit incusandus.

     Let him who accuses another, not be accused, at least in
     the same way.

Qui animo peccandi aliquid facit, videtur peccasse ab initio.

     He who does any thing with the intention of transgressing,
     seems to have transgressed from the beginning.

Qui beneficium legis extra ordinem quærit, puras manus afferto.

     Whosoever seeks the benefit of the law extraordinarily, let
     him lift up pure hands.

Qui bene distinguit, bene docet.

     He who distinguishes well, teaches well.

Qui bene interrogat, bene docet.

     He who interrogates well, teaches well.

Qui bonis viris pauperibus dat legibus opitulatur; qui malis et
inertibus segetem malorum fovet et legum opprobrium.

     He who assists good men in poverty, gives to the laws; he
     who assists the wicked and inactive, fosters a multitude of
     bad people, and is the disgrace of the laws.

Qui causa decedit causa cadit.

     He who departs from his cause, falleth from his cause.

Qui cum alio contrahit, vel est, vel debet esse, non ignarus ejus
conditionis; hæredi autem hoc imputari non potest, cum non sponte cum
legatariis contrahit.

     He who contracts with another, either is not, or ought not
     to be ignorant of his condition; but this cannot be imputed
     to his heir, since he contracts not of his own accord with
     the legatees.

Qui dat pauperibus Deo dat.

     He gives to God, who gives to the poor.

Qui destruit medium, destruit finem.

     He who destroys the middle, destroys the end.

Qui dolo desierit possidere, pro possidente pro possessione dolus est.

     He who shall cease to possess by craft, instead of a
     possessor, is crafty for the possessor.

Qui inertibus dat industrios nudat.

     He who gives to the sluggish, defrauds the industrious.

Qui ex parte testamenti aliquid donatum accipit, universo testamento
stabit.

     He who receives any thing by a part of a will, shall stand
     by the whole will.

Qui extra causam divagatur calumniando, punitor.

     Whosoever wanders out of his cause by uttering calumny, let
     him be punished.

Qui facit per alium, facit per se.

     He who acts by means of another, acts by himself.

Qui habet jurisdictionem absolvendi, habet jurisdictionem ligandi.

     He who has the right of acquitting, has the right of
     binding.

Qui hæret in litera hæret in cortice.

     He who sticks to the letter, sticks merely to the bark.

Qui in alterius locum succedunt justam habent ignorantiæ causam, an id
quod petitur deberetur: fide jussores, non minus quam hæredes, justam
ignorantiam possunt allegare.

     They who succeed in the room of another, have just cause
     of ignorance; whether that which is sought for be due, the
     sureties, no less than the heirs, can allege just ignorance.

Qui in utero est pro jam nato habetur, quoties de ejus commodo quæritur.

     He who is in the womb, is reckoned as already born, as
     often as the question is concerning his advantage.

Qui inscienter læsit scienter emendit.

     He who ignorantly hath hurt, knowingly amends.

Qui jure suo utitur, nemini facit injuriam.

     He who enjoys his own right, does injury to none.

Qui libenter, et sæpe, et parvula de re juramento se obstringit,
perjurio proximus est.

     He who willingly, and often, and concerning a small matter,
     binds himself by an oath, is nearest to perjury.

Qui non cadunt in constantem virum, vani timores sunt æstimandi.

     Those fears are to be considered as vain, which do not fall
     upon a steady man.

Qui non habet in ære, luat in corpore: (ne quis peccetur impune).

     Whosoever has no money, let him satisfy, in his person;
     that no transgression should pass with impunity.

Qui non habet potestatem alienandi, habet necessitatem retinendi.

     He who has not the power of alienating, has the necessity
     of retaining.

Qui non improbat, approbat.

     He who does not disapprove, approves.

Qui non libere veritatem pronunciat, proditor est veritatis.

     He who does not freely declare the truth, is a betrayer of
     the truth.

Qui non luat in crumina luat in corpore.

     Whosoever cannot suffer in the purse, let him suffer in the
     body.

Qui non negat fatetur.

     He who does not deny, confesses.

Qui non obstat quod obstare potest, facere videtur.

     He seems to do, who does not oppose what he can oppose.

Qui non peccavit pœnam non feret.

     He who hath not transgressed, shall not suffer punishment.

Qui non propulsat, injuriam quando potest, infert.

     He causes an injury, who does not oppose it, when he can.

Qui non prohibet, quod prohibere potest, consentire videtur.

     He seems to consent, who does not prohibit, what he can
     hinder.

Qui non prohibet, quod prohibere potest, assentire videtur.

     He seems to assent, who does not prohibit, what he can
     prohibit.

Qui non vetat cum debeat et possit, jubet.

     He orders who does not forbid, when he ought and can do it.

Qui non vult intelligi, debet negligi.

     He who does not wish to be understood, ought to be
     neglected.

Qui obstruit aditum, destruit commodum.

     He who blocks up an access, destroys convenience.

Qui omne dicit, nihil excludit.

     He who says all, excludes nothing.

Qui ordine ulteriora admittit, præcedentia affirmat.

     He who admits posterior things in order, affirms preceding
     things.

Qui parcit nocentibus, innocentibus minatur.

     He who spares the guilty, threatens the innocent.

Qui parcit nocentibus, innocentibus punit.

     He who spares the guilty, punishes the innocent.

Qui peccat ebrius, luat sobrius.

     Whosoever offends when intoxicated, let him give
     satisfaction when sober.

Qui per alium facit, per seipsum facere videtur.

     He who transacts through the agency of another, seems to
     act by himself.

Qui periculum amat, in eo peribit.

     He who courts danger, shall perish in it.

Qui potest et debet vetare, jubet.

     He orders who can, and ought to forbid, and does not do it.

Qui prior in tempore, potior in jure.

     He who is first in time, is preferable in law.

Qui semel actionem renunciaverit, amplius repetere non potest.

     He who has once renounced his action, cannot resume it any
     more.

Qui semel malus, semper præsumitur esse malus in eodem genere.

     He who has once been wicked, is always presumed to be
     wicked in the same way.

Qui sentit commodum—sentire debet et onus.

     He who reaps the advantage, ought also to bear the burden.

Qui serviunt Christo, faciunt leges pro Christo.

     They who serve Christ, make laws for Christ.

Qui sine dolo malo ad judicium provocat, non videtur moram facere.

     He who provokes to trial without wicked fraud, does not
     seem to cause delay.

Qui sit jus, et in quo consistit injuria, legis est definare.

     It belongs to the law to define what justice may be, and in
     what injustice consists.

Qui statuat aliquid parte inaudita altera æquum licet statuerit haud
æquus olet.

     He who determines any thing while one party is unheard,
     though he may determine what is just, will not savour of
     the just man.

Qui suspicionem peccati inducit, peccat.

     He offends, who occasions suspicion of an offence.

Qui tacet, consentire videtur.

     He who is silent, seems to agree.

Qui tacet, consentire videtur, ubi tractatur de ejus commodo.

     He seems to consent, who is silent concerning his own
     advantage.

Qui tardius solvit, minus solvit.

     He who pays rather slowly, pays rather less.

Qui tempus prætermittit, causam perdit.

     He who is too dilatory, loses his cause.

Quid fiere debet, facile præsumitur.

     What ought to be done, is easily presumed.

Quid sit jus, et in quo consistat injuria, legis est definire.

     It belongs to the law to define what the law is, and in
     what injustice consists.

Quicquid contra bonos mores facit, jure communi vetitum.

     Whatever is done against good morals, is forbidden by
     common law.

Quicquid in excessu actum est, lege prohibetur.

     Whatever is done to excess, is prohibited by law.

Quicquid judicis auctoritati subjicitur, novitati non subjicitur.

     Whatever is subjected to the authority of a judge, is not
     subjected to innovation.

Quicquid per se malum est, id leges omnibus vetant.

     Whatever is bad in itself, the laws forbid that to all.

Quicquid solvitur, solvitur secundum modum solventis, et secundum modum
recipientis recipitur.

     Whatever is paid, is paid according to the manner of the
     payer, and is received according to the manner of the
     receiver.

Quicunque habet jurisdictionem ordinariam, est illius loci ordinarius.

     Whoever has ordinary jurisdiction, is the ordinary of that
     place.

Quicunque jussu judicis aliquid fecerit, non videtur dolo malo fecisse,
quia parere necesse est.

     Whoever has done any thing by order of the judge, does not
     seem to have acted by guile, because it is necessary to
     obey.

Quilibet enim jure pro se introducto renunciare potest.

     For any one can renounce by the law introduced for himself.

Quilibet ex virtute sua non imbecillitate adversarii debet vincere.

     Any one ought to overcome by his own strength, and not by
     the weakness of his opponent.

Quisquis præsumitur bonus; et semper in dubiis pro reo respondendum.

     Every one is presumed good; and always in doubtful cases we
     must answer for the accused.

Quilibet renunciare potest juri pro se introducto.

     Any one can renounce by the law introduced for himself.

Quilibet titulus excusat a spolio.

     Any title excuses from spoliation.

Quisque præsumitur optime in sua causa dicere.

     Every one is presumed to speak best in his own cause.

Quisquis sua facta scire et præsumitur et debet.

     Every one is both presumed, and ought to know his own
     actions.

Quo ligatur, eo dissolvitur.

     A thing is dissolved in the same way, in which it is bound.

Quo tutela redit, eo hæreditas pervenit, nisi cum fœminæ hæredes
intercedunt.

     An inheritance comes in the way, in which guardianship
     goes, unless when female heirs intervene.

Quod ab initio non valet, in tractu temporis non convalescet.

     What at the beginning is not valid, will not become valid
     in the process of time.

Quod ab initio non valet, tractu temporis non potest convalescere.

     What at the beginning is not valid, cannot become valid in
     process of time.

Quod ab initio vitiosum est, non post contractu temporis convalescere.

     What at the beginning is faulty, cannot become valid
     afterwards in the process of time.

Quod ad jus naturale attinet, omnes homines æquales sunt.

     With respect to natural law, all men are equal.

Quod alias bonum et justum est, si per vim vel fraudem petatur, malum
et injustum efficitur.

     What otherwise is good and just, if it be sought by force
     or fraud, is rendered wicked and unjust.

Quod civile jus non idem continuo gentium: quod autem gentium idem
civile esse debet.

     What is civil law, the same is not of course that of
     nations: but what is the law of nations, the same ought to
     be civil law.

Quod contra legem fit pro infecto habetur.

     What is done against law, is reckoned as undone.

Quod constat clare non debet verificare.

     What is evidently certain, ought not to be verified.

Quod constat curiæ opere testium non indiget.

     What is clear to the court, does not need the aid of
     witnesses.

Quod conscientia vult ubi lex deficit, æquitas cogit.

     What conscience wishes, where the law is deficient, equity
     prescribes.

Quod contra rationem juris receptum est, non est producendum ad
consequentias.

     What is received against the meaning of the law, must not
     be drawn into consequences.

Quod demonstrandi causa, additur rei satis demonstratæ frustra fit.

     What is valid for the sake of demonstrating a thing,
     sufficiently demonstrated, is done in vain.

Quod dubia interpretatio libertatis est, secundum libertatem
respondendum erit.

     What is a doubtful interpretation of liberty, ought to be
     answered according to liberty.

Quod dubitas ne feceris.

     What you doubt, do not do.

Quod est ex necessitate nunquam introducitur, nisi quando necessarium.

     What proceeds from necessity, is never introduced, unless
     it is introduced from necessity.

Quod est inconveniens, aut contra rationem, non permissum est in lege.

     What is unsuitable, or against reason, is not permitted in
     law.

Quod est necessarium est licitum.

     What is necessary, is lawful.

Quod fieri debet facile præsumitur.

     What ought to be done, is easily presumed.

Quod fieri debuit pro facto censetur.

     What ought to have been done, is reckoned as done.

Quod fieri non debet factum valet.

     What should not be done, is not valid, when done.

Quod fieri vetatur ex directo, vetatur etiam ab obliquo.

     What is forbidden to be done directly, is forbidden also
     indirectly.

Quod fraude factum est in alios infectum esto, contra fraudatorem valet.

     Let what is done in fraud, be inefficient towards others;
     it is valid against the defrauder.

Quod in se malum ubicunque factum fuerit, nulla juris positivi ratione
valebit.

     What shall have been done, bad in itself, will be valid by
     no kind of positive law.

Quod initio vitiosum est, non potest tractu temporis convalescere.

     What at first is faulty, cannot, in process of time, become
     valid.

Quod lege tuum est, amplius esse tuum non potest.

     What is yours by law, cannot be more yours.

Quod nullius est, fit domini regis.

     What belongs to none, becomes the property of the king.

Quod nullius est, fit occupantis.

     What belongs to none, becomes the property of the occupier.

Quod naturaliter inesse debet.

     Which naturally ought to be inherent.

Quod nullo interno vitio laborat at objecto impedimento cessat, remoto
impedimento per se emergit.

     What labours under no internal fault, but yields to an
     opposing obstacle, the obstacle being removed, it emerges
     of itself.

Quod per recordum probatum, non debet esse negatum.

     What is proved by record, ought not to be denied.

Quod remedio destituitur ipsa re valet si culpa absit.

     What is destitute of remedy, in fact, is valid, if it be
     not faulty.

Quod Rex contra leges jubet, pro injussu reputabitur.

     What the king orders against law, shall be considered as
     not commanded.

Quod semel meum est, amplius meum esse non potest.

     What is once mine, cannot be more mine.

Quod semel placuit in electionibus amplius displicere non potest.

     What hath once been approved of, in elections, cannot any
     longer displease.

Quod statim liquidare potest pro jam liquido habetur.

     What can be immediately liquidated, is held as already
     liquidated.

Quod tibi fieri non vis, alteri non feceris.

     Do not do to another, what you would not wish to be done to
     yourself.

Quod vero naturalis ratio inter omnes homines constituit, id apud omnes
peræque custoditur quod semper æquum ac bonum est.

     What, indeed, natural reason hath constituted among all
     men, is observed among all in the same degree, which is
     always just and good.

Quodcunque aliquis ob tutelam corporis sui fecerit, jure id fecisse
videtur.

     Whatever any one hath done for the protection of his own
     person, he seems to have done that according to law.

Quodlibet in lege eodem modo dissolvitur quo ligatum est.

     Any thing in law is dissolved, in the same way in which it
     was bound.

Quomodo quid constituitur eodem modo dissolvitur.

     In whatever way any thing is constituted, in the same way
     it is dissolved.

Quoties aliquid dubitatur vel male est, ad principia recurrendum.

     As often as any thing is doubted, or is bad, we must have
     recourse to principles.

Quoties duplici jure defertur alicui successio, repudiato novo jure,
quod ante defertur supererit vetus.

     Whenever a succession is conferred upon any one, by a
     double right, the new right being set aside, the old right,
     formerly conferred, will remain in force.

Quoties in verbis nulla est ambiguitas, ibi nulla expositio contra
verba fienda est.

     As often as there is no ambiguity in words, no explanation
     ought to be made against words.

Quoties lege aliquid, unum vel alterum introductum est, bona occasio
est, cætera quæ tendunt ad eandem utilitatem, vel interpretatione, vel
certe jurisdictione suppleri.

     As often as any one thing, or another, is introduced
     in law, there is a good opportunity that other things,
     which tend to the same advantage, be supplied, either by
     interpretation, or, at least, by jurisdiction.

Quotiens æquitate desiderii naturalis ratio aut dubitatio juris
moratur, justis decretis res temporanda est.

     As oft as by the equity of desire, a natural reason, or
     doubt of law, may retard the matter, is to be regulated by
     just decrees.

Quotiens dubia interpretatio libertatis est, secundum libertatem
respondendum erit.

     As often as the interpretation of liberty is doubtful, we
     should answer according to liberty.

Quotiens idem sermo duas sententias exprimit, ea potissimum excipiatur,
quæ rei gerendæ aptior est.

     As often as the same speech expresses two meanings, that
     chiefly may be received, which is most fit for carrying on
     the business.

R.

Ratio est anima legis.

     Reason is the soul of the law.

Ratio est legis anima, mutata legis ratione mutatur et lex.

     Reason is the soul of the law, the meaning of the law being
     changed, the law also is changed.

Ratio et authoritas, duo clarissima mundi lumina.

     Reason and authority, are the two brightest lights of the
     world.

Radix et vertex imperii in obedientium consensus.

     The consent of subjects is the root and top of empire.

Ratio potest allegari deficiente lege.

     Reason may be alleged when the law is insufficient.

Receditur a placitis, juris potius quam injuriæ et delicta maneant
impunita.

     We depart from the enactments of the law, rather than that
     injuries and transgressions should remain unpunished.

Recorda sunt vestigia vetustatis et veritatis.

     Records are the vestiges of antiquity and truth.

Recurrendum est ad extraordinarium quando non valet ordinarium.

     We must have recourse to an extraordinary thing, when an
     ordinary one does not avail us.

Reddere, nihil aliud est quam acceptum restituere: seu, reddere est
quasi retro dare; et redditur dicitur a redeundo, quia retro it.

     To render is nothing else than to restore what is received;
     or to render is, as it were, to give back; and it is called
     render from returning, because it goes back.

Regis curia et curia populi Anglicani sive parliamentum non ex scripto
sed ex communi lege sunt.

     The court of the king, and the court house of the people of
     England, or the Parliament, are not according to written,
     but according to common law.

Regula est quæ rem quæ est breviter enarrat, non ut ex regula jus
sumatur, sed ex jure, quod est, regula fiat. Per regulam igitur brevis
rerum narratio traditur, et quasi causæ conjectio est, quæ, simul cum
in aliquo vitiata est, perdit officium suum.

     The rule is that which briefly relates the matter, not that
     law may be taken from a rule, but that which is of the law
     may be made a rule. By a rule, therefore, a short relation
     of things is delivered and there is, as it were, a summary
     account of the cause, which at the same time, when it is
     corrupted, loses its office.

Regulariter non valet pactum de re mea non alienanda.

     A bargain is not regularly valid concerning the
     non-alienation of my property.

Relatio est fictio juris et intenta ad unum.

     Reference is the supposition of the law, and made to one
     case.

Remoto impedimento emergit actio.

     An impediment being removed, an action emerges.

Repellitur a sacramento infamis.

     An infamous person is repelled from the sacrament and oath
     of allegiance.

Reputatio est vulgaris opinio ubi non est veritas. Et vulgaris opinio
est duplex, _scil._ opinio vulgaris orta inter graves et discretos
homines, et quæ vultum veritatis habet; et opinio tantum orta inter
leves et vulgares homines, absque specie veritatis.

     A report is common opinion, where there is not truth; and
     opinion is twofold, viz. a common opinion arises between
     prudent and discreet men, which has the appearance of
     truth, and opinion only arises between giddy and vulgar
     men, without the appearance of truth.

Rerum ordo confunditur, si unicuique jurisdictio non conservatur.

     The order of things is confounded, if jurisdiction is not
     preserved to every one.

Rerum suarum quilibet est moderator et arbiter.

     Every one is the ruler and umpire of his own affairs.

Res est misera ubi jus est vagum et incertum.

     It is a wretched circumstance, when the law is vague and
     uncertain.

Res, generalem habet significationem, quia tam corporea quam
incorporea, cujuscunque sunt generis, naturæ sive speciei, comprehendit.

     A thing has a general signification, because it comprehends
     corporeal, as well as incorporeal circumstances, of
     whatever kind, nature and species it may be.

Res inter alios acta, aliis non nocet.

     A matter performed among some persons, does not hurt others.

Res inter alios acta, alteri nocere non debet.

     A matter performed among some persons, ought not to hurt
     another.

Res inter alios acta, aliis neque nocet neque prodest.

     A thing done among some persons, does neither harm nor good
     to others.

Res judicata pro veritate accipitur.

     A matter judged, is taken for truth.

Res judicata pro veritate habetur.

     A thing decided is received for truth.

Res judicata inter alios, aliis neque nocet neque prodest.

     A thing decided between some, neither hurts nor does good
     to others.

Res stulta est nequitiæ modus.

     Moderation in wickedness is a foolish thing.

Rescriptum Principis contra jus non valet.

     The rescript of the prince, is not valid against the law.

Reservatio ut et protestatio non facit jus, sed tuetur.

     Neither reservation, nor protestation, makes law, but
     maintains it.

Resoluto enim jure dantis, resolvitur jus accipientis.

     For the right of the giver being dissolved, the right of
     the receiver is dissolved.

Respiciendum est judicanti, ne quid aut durius aut remissius
constituatur quam causa deposcit; nec enim aut severitatis aut
clementiæ gloria affectanda est.

     It is necessary for a judge to consider that nothing be
     determined either more severely or more easily, than the
     cause demands, for neither the glory of severity, or
     clemency is to be affected.

Respondeat raptor, qui ignorare non potuit quod pupillum alienum
abduxit.

     Let a seducer, or violator, answer for it, who could not
     have been ignorant that he hath carried off a minor, or
     orphan.

Respondeat superior.

     Let a superior answer.

Religio Christiana pars est legis Angliæ communis.

     The Christian religion is part of the common law of England.

Rex ad justitiam faciendam non cogitur.

     The king is not forced to do justice.

Rex est lex vivens. Rex est pater patriæ.

     The king is a living law; the king is the father of his
     country.

Rex est mista persona.

     The king is a mixed character.

Rex est pater patriæ.

     The king is the father of his country.

Rex ipse non debet esse sub homine, sed sub Deo et lege, quia lex
facit regem: attribuat igitur rex, lege quod lex attribuit ei, viz.
dominationem et imperium. Non est enim Rex ubi dominatur voluntas et
non lex.

     The king himself ought not to be under man, but under God
     and the law; because the law makes the king, therefore let
     the king give lawfully what the law hath given to him, viz.
     dominion and authority; for it is not the will of the king
     that rules, but the law.

Rex lege cadere non potest.

     The king cannot fall in law.

Rex neque solvit damna in lege neque recipit.

     The king neither pays losses, nor receives them in the law.

Rex nihil aliud est quam lex agens.

     The king is nothing else than the acting law.

Rex nil dat nisi per recordum.

     The king gives nothing, unless by record.

Rex nil potest jubere nisi per curiam legitime constitutam.

     The king can order nothing, unless by parliament lawfully
     constituted.

Rex non est ubi voluntas dominatur.

     He is not a king, when his will domineers.

Rex non potest invitum civem regno depellere.

     The king may not expel from the kingdom, a subject against
     his will.

Rex non potest malum vel injuriam facere.

     The king may do no evil or injustice.

Rex non potest subditum onerare impositionibus.

     The king may not burden a subject with taxes.

Rex nunquam infra ætatem est.

     The king is never below age.

Rex præsumitur in scrinio pectoris sui habere omnia jura.

     The king is presumed to have all the laws in the recess of
     his heart.

Rogationes, quæstiones, et positiones debent esse simplices.

     Petitions, questions, and positions, ought to be simple.

S.

Sacramenta pauperum sunt servanda.

     The oaths of the poor are to be kept.

Salus populi est suprema lex.

     The safety of the people is the highest law.

Salus populi suprema lex esto.

     Let the safety of the people be the supreme law.

Salus ubi multi consiliarii.

     In the multitude of council there is safety.

Sapiens omnia agit cum consilio.

     A wise man does all things with deliberation.

Sapientia legis nummario pretio non est æstimanda.

     The wisdom of the law is not to be valued by a pecuniary
     consideration.

Sapientis judicis est cogitare tantum sibi esse permissum, quantum
commissum et creditum.

     It is the property of a wise judge to think that so much is
     permitted to him, as has been committed and intrusted to
     him.

Satisfactio non fit de minori.

     Satisfaction is not exacted of a minor.

Satius est petere fontes quam sectari rivulos.

     It is better to repair to the source, than to follow
     streamlets.

Scriptæ obligationes scriptis tolluntur, et nudi consensus obligatio,
contrario consensu dissolvitur.

     Written obligations are taken away by writs; and the
     obligation of a mere consent is dissolved by a contrary
     consent.

Scire leges non hoc est, verba earum tenere, sed vim ac potestatem.

     To know the laws, is not to understand their words, but
     their force and power.

Scire proprie est rem ratione et per causam cognoscere.

     To know, is properly to comprehend a matter, by reason, or
     by its cause.

Secundum naturam est, commoda cujusque rei eum sequi quem sequentur
incommoda.

     It is according to nature that the advantages of any thing
     follow him, whom its disadvantages will follow.

Semel malus semper præsumitur esse malus in eodem genere.

     A man once bad, is always presumed to be bad, in the same
     way.

Semper in dubiis benigniora præferenda sunt.

     Always in doubtful cases, more favourable things are to be
     preferred.

Semper in stipulationibus et in cæteris contractibus id sequimur, quod
actum est; aut si non pareat, quid actum est, erit consequens ut id
sequamur, quod in regione in qua actum est frequentatur. Quid ergo, si
neque regionis mos appareat quia varius fuit? ad id quod minimum est,
religenda summa est.

     Always in bargains, and in other contracts, we follow that
     which has been done, or if that does not appear which
     hath been done, the consequence will be that we should
     follow that which is usual in the country, in which it was
     performed: what therefore is necessary to be done, if the
     custom of the country does not appear? either, because it
     has been various; the sum is to be reduced, to that which
     is the least.

Semper in obscuris, quod minimum est, sequimur.

     In obscure cases we always follow that which is least.

Semper qui non prohibet pro se intervenire, mandare creditur, sed et si
quis ratum habuerit, quod gestum est, obstringitur mandati actione.

     He who does not prohibit one to interfere for himself, is
     always believed to order him; but if any one shall confirm
     what hath been done, he is bound by the action of his
     mandate.

Semper pro legitimatione præsumitur.

     There is a presumption in favour of legitimation.

Semper specialia generalibus insunt.

     Special things are always included in general things.

Sensus verborum est anima legis.

     The sense of words is the soul of the law.

Sensus verborum ex causa dicendi accipiendus est; et sermones semper
accipiendi sunt secundum subjectam materiam.

     The sense of words is to be taken from the cause of
     pleading, and words are always to be taken according to the
     subject matter.

Sensus verborum est duplex, mitis et asper, et verba semper accipienda
sunt in mitiore sensu.

     The sense of words is twofold, mild and rough, and words
     are always to be taken in the milder sense.

Sententia contra matrimonium nunquam transit in rem judicatam.

     An opinion against marriage, never passes into a matter
     decided.

Sententia contra minorem indefensum lata nulla est.

     An opinion given against a minor undefended, is void.

Sententia facit jus; et legis interpretatio legis vim obtinet.

     A sentence makes law, and the interpretation of the law
     obtains the force of the law.

Sententia facit jus, et res pro veritate accipitur.

     A sentence makes law, and the matter is received for truth.

Sententia interlocutoria revocari potest, definitiva non potest.

     An interlocutory sentence can be recalled, but a definitive
     one cannot.

Sequi debet potentia justitiam, non præcedere.

     Power ought to follow justice, not to precede it.

Sermo index animi.

     Speech is the index of the mind.

Sermones semper accipiendi sunt secundum subjectam materiam, et
conditionem personarum.

     Speeches are always to be taken according to the subject
     matter, and the condition of persons.

Servile est expilationis crimen.

     The crime of pilfering is base.

Si duo in testamento pugnantia reperientur, ultimum est ratum.

     If two points repugnant are found in a testament, the last
     is established.

Si librarius in transcribendis stipulationis verbi errasset, nihil
nocere quo minus et reus et fidejussor teneatur.

     If the transcriber hath erred in transcribing the words of
     a contract, it is proper that it should have no bad effect,
     so that both the accused person, and his security, may not
     be bound.

Si mulier, per matrimonium nobilis, nupserit ignobili, desinit esse
nobilis.

     If a woman, enobled by matrimony, marries an ignoble
     person, she ceases to be noble.

Si quid universitati debetur singulis non debetur, neque quod debet
universitas singuli debent.

     If any thing be owing to an entire body, it is not due to
     individuals, nor do individuals owe what is owed by an
     entire body.

Si suggestio non sit vera, literæ patentes vacuæ sunt.

     If a suggestion be not true, letters patent are void.

Sic utere tuo ut alienum non lædas.

     So use your own property, that you may not hurt another’s.

Sicut pœna ex delicto defuncti hæres teneri non debet, ita nec lucrum
facere, si quid ad eum pervenisset.

     As the heir ought not to be punished in consequence of the
     transgression of the deceased, so neither ought he to make
     gain, if any advantage had come to him.

Simplicitas est legibus amica; vis et fraus invisissima; nimia
subtilitas suspecta.

     Simplicity is a friend to the laws, violence and fraud are
     most odious: too much subtility is suspected.

Simplicitas est legibus amica; et nimia subtilitas in jure reprobatur.

     Simplicity is a friend to the laws, and too much subtility
     is reprobated in law.

Similitudo legalis est, casuum diversorum inter se collatorum, similis
ratio; quod in uno similium valet, valebit in altero. Dissimilium,
dissimilis est ratio.

     Legal similitude is the similar relation of cases, so
     different between themselves, what is valid in one of the
     similar cases, will be valid in the other. If dissimilar,
     the relation is likewise dissimilar.

Socii mei socius, meus socius non est.

     The companion of my companion is not my companion.

Sodales legem quam volent, dum ne quid ex publica lege corrumpant sibi
ferunto.

     Let companions make to themselves what law they please,
     provided they do not abuse any thing of the public law.

Sola innocentia libera.

     Innocence alone is free.

Solemnitates juris sunt observandæ.

     The solemnities of the law are to be observed.

Solus Deus hæredes facit, non homo.

     God alone makes heirs, not man.

Solutio pretii, emptionis loco habetur.

     The payment of the price is held as a purchase.

Spoliatus debet ante omnia restitui.

     Spoliation of all things ought to be restored.

Stabit præsumptio donec probetur in contrarium.

     Presumption shall stand until the contrary is proved.

Stabitur præsumptioni donec probetur in contrarium.

     We must abide by presumption, until the contrary is proved.

Statuta ita interpretanda ut innoxiis ne obsint.

     Statutes are so to be interpreted, that they may not hurt
     the innocent.

Statutum affirmativum non derogat communi legi.

     An affirmative statute does not derogate from the common
     law.

Statutum, generaliter est intelligendum, quando verba statuti sunt
specialia, ratio autem generalis.

     A statute is to be understood generally, when the words of
     the statute are special, but the purpose general.

Statutum speciale statuto speciali non derogat.

     A special statute does not derogate from a special statute.

Sua cuique domus arx esto.

     Let every man’s house be his castle.

Sublata veneratione magistratuum, respublica ruit.

     When respect due to magistrates is taken away, the state
     falls.

Sub clypeo legis nemo decipitur.

     No body is deceived under the protection of the law.

Subsequens matrimonium tollit peccatum præcedens.

     Subsequent marriage takes away the preceding sin.

Substantia prior et dignior est accidente.

     The substance is prior, and more worthy than what is
     eventual.

Summa charitas est facere justitiam singulis et omnibus omni tempore.

     The greatest charity is to do justice to each, and all, at
     all times.

Summa charitas est facere justitiam singulis et omni tempore quando est
necesse.

     It is the greatest charity to do justice to each, and at
     all times, when it is necessary.

Summa ratio est quæ cum religione facit.

     It is the highest reason that makes with religion, (i.e.
     supports religion.)

Summi cujusque bonitas commune perfugium omnibus.

     The goodness of every highest person is a common refuge to
     all.

Summum jus summa injuria.

     Law carried to extremes, is the height of injustice.

Superflua obstant; defectiva perimunt.

     Superfluous things oppose, defective things destroy.

Suppressio facti tollit æquitatem.

     The suppression of a fact, takes away equity.

T.

Talis interpretatio semper fienda est, ut evitetur absurdum et
inconveniens, et ne judicium sit illusorium.

     Such an interpretation is always to be made, that an
     absurdity and inconvenience may be avoided, and that
     judgment may not be illusory.

Tantum bona valent, quantum vendi possunt.

     Goods are worth as much, as they can be sold for.

Tenens domino fidem præstare, et debita servitia tenetur, et dominus
invicem tenenti protectionem et jura sua omnia.

     A tenant is bound to make good his faith and due services
     to his master, and the master in his turn, is to give to
     the tenant, protection and all his rights.

Terra transit cum onere.

     Land is transferred with burdens.

Terminus et feodum non possunt constare simul in una eademque persona
eodem jure.

     Lease and feu are inconsistent in the same person with the
     same right.

Testamenta, cum duo inter se pugnantia reperiuntur, ultimum ratum est.
Sic est, cum duo inter se pugnantia reperiuntur in eodem testamento.

     When two testaments are found contradictory to one another,
     the last is valid; so it is when two clauses are found
     contradictory to one another in the same deed.

Testium numerus si non adjicitur, duo sufficiunt.

     If more witnesses cannot be found, two are sufficient.

Testamenta latissimam interpretationem habere debent.

     Testaments ought to have the broadest interpretation.

Testamenta propter inopiam consilii ad mentem testatoris interpretanda
etsi verba solemnia desint.

     Testaments, on account of the want of counsel, are to be
     interpreted according to the mind of the testator, although
     the usual words are wanting.

Testimonia ponderanda sunt, non numeranda.

     Testimonies are to be weighed, not to be numbered.

Testamentum nisi post mortem testatoris vim non habet.

     A testament has no force, till after the death of the
     testator.

Testatoris ultima voluntas est perimplenda secundum verum intentionem
suam.

     The last will of a testator is to be fulfilled, according
     to its true intention.

Testes qui postulat, debet dare eis sumptus competentes.

     He who demands witnesses, ought to give competent expenses
     to them.

Testis nemo in sua causa esse potest.

     No body can be a witness in his own cause.

Testis oculatus unus plus valet quam auriti decem.

     One eye witness is worth more than ten ear witnesses.

Testis _should be able to say from his heart_, non sum doctus nec
instructus, nec curo de victoria, modo ministretur justitia.

     A witness should be able to say from his heart, I am not
     informed, nor instructed, nor do I care which of the
     parties be successful, provided justice be done.

Testibus deponentibus in pari numero, dignioribus est credendum.

     When witnesses give their depositions in equal number, we
     must believe the more worthy.

Traditio loqui facit chartam.

     Delivery makes a paper to speak.

Traditione pacta firmantur.

     Agreements are confirmed by delivery.

Traditionibus et usucapionibus non nudis transferuntur rerum domina.

     The rights of superiority are not transferred by bare
     deliveries and enjoyments.

Transferuntur dominiæ sine titulo et traditione, per usucaptionem, viz.
per longam continuam et pacificam possessionem.

     The rights of superiority are transferred without title and
     delivery by long possession, viz. by long continued and
     peaceful possession.

Tria sequuntur defamatorem famosum: pravitatis incrementum: bursæ
decrementum: conscientiæ detrimentum.

     Three things follow the infamous defamer, increase of
     avoiding, decrease of purse, loss of conscience.

Triatio ibi semper debet fieri, ubi juratores meliorem possunt habere
notitiam.

     The union of three witnesses always ought to happen, when
     the jurors can have better information.

Turpe est viro, id in quo quotidie versatur ignorare.

     It is a shameful thing for a man to be ignorant of that in
     which he is daily engaged.

Turpe impossibile.

     An impossibility is shameful.

Turpes tribunalibus arcentur.

     Base people are driven away from the tribunals.

U.

Ubi cessat remedium ordinarium, ibi decurritur ad extraordinarium.

     When an ordinary remedy ceases, then we have recourse to an
     extraordinary.

Ubi concurrunt commune jus et jus scriptum communi jure standum.

     Where common law and written law disagree, we must stand by
     the common law.

Ubi culpa est, ibi pœna subesse debet.

     Where fault is, there punishment ought to be.

Ubi damna dantur, victus victori in expensis condemnari debet.

     Where damages are given, the loser ought to be condemned to
     pay the expense of the gainer.

Ubi duo jura concurrunt in eadem persona, idem est ac si esset in
diversis.

     When two rights concur in the same person, it is the same
     as if it were in different persons.

Ubi duo pugnantia in charta concurrunt, prius ratum esto.

     Where two repugnant things meet in a charter, let the first
     be established.

Ubi duo sensus occurrunt, mitiori standum.

     Where two meanings occur, we must abide by the milder.

Ubi dies cessit, licet nondum venerit.

     Where the day hath ceased, though the night hath not yet
     come.

Ubi diverso jure in eandem rem venire quis potuit, eo jure venisse
præsumitur quod fortius ac melius sit.

     Where any one could have come to the same thing by a
     different right, he is presumed to have come to it by that
     right which may be stronger and better.

Ubi eadem est ratio idem est jus.

     Where the reason is the same, the right is the same.

Ubi eadem ratio ibi idem lex.

     Where the reason is the same, the law is the same.

Ubi ex jure positivo alicujus gentis reo conceditur, vel prohibetur
leges Angliæ, jus ejus gentis in judicio respiciunt ubi actio accrevit.

     Where a grant is given, or a prohibition made to an accused
     person of any nation, by a positive law, the laws of
     England regard the law of that nation in the trial where
     the action rose.

Ubi factum nullum, ibi fortia nulla.

     Where there is no fact, there is no strong argument.

Ubi lex cogit aliquem ostendere causam, necesse est quod causa sit
justa et legitima.

     Where the law compels any one to shew cause, it is
     necessary that there be a just and lawful cause.

Ubi lex cogit aliquem ostendere causam, necesse est quod causa sit
justa atque legitima.

     Where the law compels any one to shew cause, it is
     necessary that there be a just and lawful cause.

Ubi lex communis et æquitas in eadem re versantur, æquitas alia via
agit sed non aliter sentit.

     Where common law and equity are engaged in the same thing,
     equity acts in another way, but does not mean differently.

Ubi lex est specialis, et ratio ejus generalis, generaliter accipienda
est.

     Where the law is special, and the reason of it general, it
     is to be taken in general.

Ubi non est annua renovatio, ibi decimæ non debent solvi.

     Where there is no annual renewal, there tithes ought not to
     be paid.

Ubi non est condendi authoritas, ibi non est parendi necessitas.

     Where there is no authority to command, there is no
     obligation to obey.

Ubi non est lex ibi non est transgressio, quoad mundum.

     Where there is no law, there is no transgression, touching
     the world.

Ubi quid generaliter conceditur, inest hæc exceptio, si non aliquid sit
contra jus fasque.

     Where any thing is granted in general, there is this
     exception in it if there be not any thing contrary to
     justice and religion.

Ubi quis delinquit ibi punietur.

     Where any one transgresses, there shall he be punished.

Ubi remedium in foro seculari ejus rei jurisdictio curiis secularibus
tantum datur, nisi servato jure ecclesiæ ipsis verbis.

     Where a remedy is in the secular court, the jurisdiction of
     that matter is granted to the secular courts, only unless
     the law of the church be preserved in the words themselves.

Ubi substitui vicarius potest non est cogendus quis ad substituendum,
sed si substituere velit inveniat idoneum.

     Where a substitute can be substituted, no one is to be
     compelled to substitute; but if he wishes to substitute,
     let him find a fit person.

Ubi sustuleris revocationem, renatum est testamentum.

     When you have taken away the power of revoking, the will is
     renewed.

Ubi verba conjuncta non sunt, sufficit alterutrum esse factum.

     When words are not joined, it is sufficient that one or
     other alternate be complied with.

Ubi vetat quid lex neque pœnam statuit, pœna in discretione judicis est.

     Where the law forbids any thing, and hath not determined
     a punishment, the punishment is in the discretion of the
     judge.

Ubicunque est injuria ibi damnum sequitur.

     Wherever there is injury, there a loss follows.

Ultima voluntas testatoris est perimplenda secundum veram intentionem
suam.

     The last will of the testator is to be followed, according
     to his true intention.

Una persona vix potest supplere vices duarum.

     One person can scarcely supply the place of two.

Ubi diverso jure in eandem rem venire quis potuit eo jure venisse
præsumitur quod fortius ac melius sit.

     Whenever any one has been liable to different laws for the
     same cause, is presumed to have come under that law which
     is the most efficient, and the best.

Universus terminus in lege dies unus.

     One day is a complete term, in law.

Unaquæque gleba servit.

     Each glebe is subject to one person.

Unumquodque eodem modo dissolvitur qui colligatur.

     Every thing is dissolved in the same way in which it was
     bound.

Unusquisque paci et justitiæ publicæ tenetur succurrere.

     Every one is bound to support peace and public justice.

Uno absurdo dato sequuntur.

     One absurd thing being granted, others follow.

Ubi concurrunt commune jus et jus scriptum communi juri standum.

     When common and written law disagree, we must stand by the
     common law.

Ut metus ad omnes, pœna ad paucos pervenerit.

     That fear may have come to all, punishment to a few.

Ut ne quid nimis cavendum; ut ne quid deficiens duplo cavendum.

     We must take care that nothing be carried to excess; we
     must take double care that nothing be deficient.

Utile per inutile non vitiatur.

     A useful thing is not to be vitiated by a useless thing.

Utlagatus non potest placitare.

     An outlawed person cannot make a will.

Uxor et maritus unum in lege.

     Wife and husband are one in law.

Uxor in mariti potestate cum sit non obnoxia est in causis reatus
minoribus; aliter in majoribus proditione et homicidio.

     The wife, as she is under the power of her husband, is not
     liable in the lesser cases of accusation; it is otherwise
     in the greater cases, such as treason and homicide.

Uxor sub potestate viri.

     A wife is under the power of her husband.

V.

Vani timores sunt æstimandi, qui non cadunt in constantem virum.

     Fears are to be estimated as vain, which do not fall upon a
     firm man.

Vassalo faciendo superiori quod de jure facere oportet.

     A vassal is bound to perform to his superior, the duty
     which he lawfully owes to him.

Venia privatim læsi non sufficit legibus.

     The pardon privately given by an offended person, does not
     satisfy the law.

Venia non potest ante venire delictum.

     Pardon cannot come before the transgression.

Verba accipienda sunt cum effectu,—ut sortiantur effectum.

     Words are to be received with effect, that they may have
     their effect.

Verba æquivoca ac in dubio sensu posita, intelliguntur digniori et
potentiori sensu.

     Equivocal words, and those placed in a doubtful sense, are
     understood in a more worthy and powerful sense.

Verba chartarum fortius accipiuntur contra proferentem.

     The words of a charter are taken more strongly against a
     person expressing them.

Verba fortius accipiuntur contra proferentem.

     Words are understood more strongly against the person
     uttering them.

Verba currentis monetæ tempus solutionis designant.

     The words mark the time of payment of current money.

Verba generalia restringuntur ad habilitatem rei vel personæ.

     General words are restricted to the ability of the thing or
     person.

Verba homicidium non excusant.

     Words do not excuse homicide.

Verba intelligenda secundum subjectam materiem.

     Words are to be understood according to the subject matter.

Verba ita sunt intelligenda, ut res magis valeat quam pereat.

     Words are to be so understood, that the matter may rather
     prosper than perish.

Verba legis non ex vulgari sensu sed ex legis sensu, neque laxam et
precariam sed certam et legibus præfinitam interpretationem requirunt.

     The words of the law, not in a vulgar sense, but in the
     sense of the law, do not require a lax and precarious
     interpretation, but one certain and positive by the laws.

Verba relata id maxime operantur ut inesse videatur.

     Words related, have that effect, that they seem to exist in
     reality.

Verba semper accipienda sunt in mitiore sensu.

     Words are always to be understood in the milder sense.

Verba temere prolata parum curat lex.

     The law pays little regard to words rashly uttered.

Veredictum in lege æquitati objicitur.

     A verdict in law is opposed to equity.

Veritas, a quocunque dicitur, a Deo est.

     Truth spoken by any one, is from God.

Veritas demonstrationis tollit errorem nominis.

     The truth of a demonstration, takes away the mistake of a
     name.

Veritas quæ minime defensatur, opprimitur; et qui non improbat,
approbat.

     Truth which is by no means defended, is oppressed; and he
     who does not disapprove, approves it.

Veritas est justitiæ mater.

     Truth is the mother of justice.

Veritas nihil veretur nisi abscondi.

     Truth dreads nothing, unless to be hidden.

Veritatem qui non libere pronunciat, proditor est veritatis.

     He who does not speak the truth freely, is the betrayer of
     truth.

Vigilantibus non dormientibus jura subveniunt.

     The laws assist waking, but not sleeping people.

Vigilantibus non dormientibus servit lex.

     The law serves waking, not sleeping people.

Vigilantibus et non dormientibus jura subvenient.

     Laws assist waking, but not sleeping persons.

Violenta præsumptio aliquando est plena probatio.

     A strong presumption, is sometimes a full proof.

Vir et uxor censentur in lege una persona.

     Husband and wife are judged in law to be one person.

Vis legibus est inimica.

     Power is inimical to the laws.

Vim vi repellere licet modo cum moderamine inculpatæ.

     A person may, without blame, repel force by force.

Vicinus facta vicini præsumitur scire.

     A neighbour is presumed to know the actions of his
     neighbour.

Vita reipublicæ pax et animus libertas et corpus leges.

     Peace is the life of the state, liberty the soul, and the
     laws, the body.

Voluntas in delictis, non exitus spectatur.

     The will is regarded in transgressions, not the issue.

Volenti non fit injuria.

     Injury is not done to a willing person.

Voluntas reputabitur pro facto.

     The will shall be considered as the deed.

Voluntas testatoris est ambulatoria usque ad extremum vitæ exitum.

     The will of the testator is cancellable, even to the last
     term of his life.

Voluntas testatoris habet interpretationem latam et benignam.

     The will of the testator has a broad and favourable
     interpretation.

Voluntas ultima testatoris est perimplenda secundum veram intentionem
suam.

     The last will of a testator, is to be fulfilled according
     to its true intention.

EXPLANATORY NOTE OF THE MAXIMS & RULES.

It will be observed, that this work is alphabetically arranged. At
first the author did not intend to refer to the authorities of the
Maxims and Rules, and it was not till after the printing was far
advanced, that he formed that resolution: but this obliged him, with
great labour, to make out the extensive appendix of reference in the
end of the work, consisting of ten close pages, and embracing, as will
be seen, from 40 to 50 most eminent and distinguished authorities; and
that they may be easily found, the appendix refers to the pages of
the book, in their order, and the numbers of each page, from the top
downwards.

APPENDIX

OF

REFERENCES TO THE PAGES AND NUMBERS,

OF THE PRECEDING MAXIMS AND RULES.

Page 1. No. 1. Co. Lit. 365—2. Wing. 265—3. McD.—4. Hob. 336—5. Co.
Lit. 18.

Page 2. No. 1. Co. Lit. 11—2. 5 Co. 18—3. Jenk. Cent. Lib.—4. 2 Inst.
533, Loft 236—5. 12 Co. 25—6. 11 Co. 6—7. Co. Lit. 152, Loft 278—8.
Ersk. b. 2, t. 1, § 30—9. 3 Inst. 139—10. Loft 72—11. Hard. 139.

Page 3. No. 1. Moor 817—2. Co. 146—3. Loft 623—4. Ersk. b. 1, t. 7, §
46—5. 3 Inst. 202—6. Jenk. Cent. 69—7. Loft 37—8. Ibid. 177—9. Vinn.
Com. 756—10. Loft 460.

Page 4. No. 1. Bacon, Loft 611—2. Hob. 153, Loft 478—3. Homes L. T.
232.—4.... 5. Hob. 103—6. Loft 102—7. Ibid. 458—8. Ibid. 103—9.—10.
Loft 227.

Page 5. No. 1. 2 Inst. 137, Wing. 116—2. Loft 641—3. Ibid. 48—4.
Ibid.—5. McD.—6. Loft 479—7. Stair of obli. p. 20—8. Loft 179.—9. 3
Inst. 201—10. Loft 499—11 Ibid. 496.

Page 6. No. 1. Loft 500—2. Ibid. 498—3. Co. Lit. 24.—4. Plow. 375—5.
Co. Lit. 24, Loft 378—6. Hob. 224, Loft 626—7. Ibid. 362—8. Ibid.
84—9. Ib. 390—10. Ib. 385—11. Ib. 393.

Page 7. No. 1. Loft 536—2. Ib. 535—3. Ib. 397—4. Ib. 383—5. Ib. 495—6.
Loft 379—7. Ib. 369—8. Ib. 387—9. Ib. 388—10. Ib. 391.

Page 8. No. 1. Loft 392—2. Ib. 375—3. Ib. 376—4. Ib. 368—5. Ib. 501—6.
Ib. 503—7. Ib. 497—8. Ib. 386—9. Ib. 373—10. Gilb. 136, Loft 363—11.
Ib. 382.

Page 9. No. 1. Loft 372—2. Ib. 637—3. Ib. 502—4. Ib. 380—5. Ib. 374—6.
Bac., Loft 609—7. Co. Lit. 177, Loft 39—8. 9 Co. 56—9.... 10....

Page 10. No. 1. 5 Co. 80—2. Loft 207—3. Hob. 163—4. Inst. Ulp. b. 76
l. 106, b t—5. Co. Lit. 141—6. Jenk. Cent. fol. 16—7. 4 Inst. 279—8. 1
Chan. Cas. 45, Loft 482—9. Inst. Ulp. b. 35—10. 5 Co. 40.

Page 11. No. 1. Inst. 172, Paul. b. 5—2. 10 Co. 59—3.... 4. Loft
248—5. Bacon—6. Loft 249—7. McD.—8. Co. Lit. 303.

Page 12. No. 1. Fortese c. 42—2. 7 Co. 16—3. L. 19, d. off. Præs.—4.
3 Buls. 67—5. Loft 422—6. Co. Lit. 304, Loft 451—7. 2 Buls. 79—8. 4
Inst. 274.

Page 13. No. 1. Co. Lit. 395—2. 6 Co. 60, Wing. 250—3. Jenk. Cent.
281—4. Co. Lit. 191—5. Co. Lit. 254—6. Co. Lit. 92—7. Co. Lit. 258—8. 2
Inst. 574.

Page 14. No. 1.... 2. Hob. 343—3. Co. Lit. 264—4. Ersk. b. 4, t. 4 §
30—5. 4 Co. 26, Loft 488—6. Hob. 148—7. Loft 489.

Page 15. No. 1. Loft 436—2. Jenk. Cent. 168—3. Loft 243—4. Ib. 490—5.
Co. Lit. 36—6. 4 Co. 15.

Page 16. No. 1. Domat l. 18—2. 9 Co. 53—3. Gal. b. 18, l. 57, b t—4. 2
Inst. 285—5. Chan. Prie. 329—6. Loft 49—7. 2 Inst. 304.

Page 17. No. 1. Co. Lit. 289—2. 4 Co. 15, Loft 49—3. Co. Lit. 34—4. 11
Co. 68—5. Hob. 144, 491—6. Co. Lit. 260.

Page 18. No. 1. Loft 119—2. 4 Co. 66—3. Ersk. b. 1, t. 1, § 57—4. 5
Co. 37—5. Jenk. Cent. 28—6. Jenk. Cent. 52—7. 1 Co. 99—8. Loft 326—9.
5 Co. 57.

Page 19. No. 1.... 2. Loft 328—3. Hob. 99—4. Co. Lit. 303—5. 9 Co. 47,
Loft 277—6. Hob. 155, Loft 492—7. 11 Co. 49, Wing. 29, Loft 443—8.
Co. Lit. 70, Loft 62—9. Loft 220.

Page 20. No. 1. St. Tit. 11, Libera. p. 157, Ersk. b. 3, t. 4, § 5—2.
Loft 35—3. 8 Co. 127—4. Loft 419—5. Ib.—6. Bac., Loft 612—7. 3 Co.
81—8. Loft 508.

Page 21. No. 1. Loft 297—2. 3 Inst. 181—3. Jenk. Cent. 161—4. 4 Inst.
240, Loft 509—5. Loft 448—6. Jenk. Cent. 279—7. Co. Lit. 201.

Page 22. No. 1. L. 7, § 2, H de-cond furt—2. Co. Lit. 201—3. Loft
511—4. 8 Co. 90—5. Loft 510.

Page 23. No. 1. Loft 511—2. Loft 630—3. Loft 510—4. Ib. 632—5. Ib.
512—6. Ib. 645.

Page 24. No. 1. Jenk. Cent. 102—2. H. Co. 30—3. 10 Co. 48—4. Co. Lit.
295—5. Moor 764—6. Co. Lit. 295—7. Loft 234.

Page 25. No. 1. Co. Lit. 295—2.... 3. Loft 513—4. Ib. 483—5. Ib.
633—6. Loft 514.

Page 26. No. 1. Loft 73—2.... 3. 6 Co. 22—4. Stair t. 4 Conj. ob. p.
31—5. Co. Lit. 126, Wing. 481, Loft 69—6. 5 Co. 80—7. Loft 515—8. L.
47 ff. t.—9. Loft 517.

Page 27. No. 1. Loft 516—2. Ib. 519—3. Co. Lit. 183—4. Loft 518—5.
Ib. 338—6. Co. Lit. 113—7. Dav. 33.

Page 28. No. 1. Loft 335—2. 2 Inst. 18—3. Jenk. Cent. 273—4. Lit.
Sect. 169—5. 4 Co. 18—6. 6 Co. 67—7. Loft 339.

Page 29. No. 1. Loft 340—2. Ib. 337—3. Ib. 341—4. Co. Lit. 113—5....
6. Jenk. Cent. 119—7. Loft 336—8. Jenk. Cent. 274—9. 2 Inst. 11.

Page 30. No. 1. Ersk. b. 2, t. 8, § 14—2. Dom. l. 23—3. Ib. l. 29—4.
Ersk. b. 3, t. 7, § 37—5. 2 Inst. 252—6. Loft 522—7. Hob. 167.

Page 31. No. 1. Loft 308—2. Jenk. Cent. 132—3. Co. Lit., Wing. 746—4.
Bacon—5. Loft 302—6. Ib. 305—7. Ib. 299.

Page 32. No. 1. Hob. 59, Loft 523—2. Just. Gajus b. 26—3. 2 Inst.
479—4. Loft 432—5. Ib. 428—6. Ersk. b. 4, t. S, § 103—7. Loft 434—8.
Ib. 524—9. 11 Co. 52.

Page 33. No. 1. Loft 110—2. Dom. l. 2—3. Loft 604—4.... 5. 1 Co. 71
et Loft—6. Dom. l. 163—7. Co. Lit. 43, Loft 273—8. 2 Inst. 493.

Page 34. No. 1. L. 50 b t—2. 2 Inst. 208 l. 36 b t—3. Loft 370—4. Ib.
603—5. Dom. l. 126 § 2 v. inf. b. 98—6. L. 178 b t—7. Loft 494—8.
Ibid. 493.

Page 35. No. 1. Loft 480—2. 4 Inst. 50—3. 1 Buls. 6—4. Loft 354—5.
Ib. 112—6. Ib. 423—7. Ersk. b. 3 t. 3 § 93.

Page 36. No. 1. Loft 271—2. Ersk. b. 1 t. 7 § 36—3. Loft 306—4. Ib.
529—5. Ib. 91—6. Ib. 67—7. Ib. 63—8.... 9. 2 Inst. 597.

Page 37. No. 1. 3 Inst. 55—2. Noye, Wing. 66—3.... 4. Loft 525—5. Co.
Lit. 210—6. Loft 526—7. Ib. 2—8. Ib. 199—9. Ib. 334.

Page 38. No. 1. Loft 333—2. Ib. 262—3. Ib.—4.... 5. Loft—6. 10 Co.
140—7. Dav. 69—8. Loft 530—9. Ersk. b. 4 t. 4 § 108.

Page 39. No. 1. Leon. 243, Loft 531—2. Ib. 531—3. Ib. 33—4. Inst. 173,
Paul. lib. 6—5. Loft 90—6. Ib. 532—7. Stair Tit. 13 Repara p. 95—8.
Loft 532—9.... 10. Ersk. b. 2 t. 1 § 4.

Page 40. No. 1. Loft 24—2. Ib. 226—3. L 61, b t—4. 3 Co. 81, Loft
533—5. L. 82—6.... 7. Jenk. Cent. 109—8. Davis 75 b, Loft 134.

Page 41. No. 1. Loft 257—2. 2 Inst. 161, Loft 122—3. Ersk. b. 2 t. 1
§ 1—4. Co. Lit. 368—5. Loft 404—6. Ib. 559—7. Bacon—8. Inst. Ulp. b.
23.

Page 42. No. 1. Dom. L. 64—2. Inst. Hermos b. 3—3. Loft 635—4. Ib.
204—5. Loft 309—6. Wing. 226—7. Inst. Ulp. b. 3—8....

Page 43. No. 1. 6 Co. 53—2. Loft 485—3. Ib. 535—4. Ib. 577—5. Doct. et
stud. c. 40—6. Reg. Jur. Civ. Gilb. 14—7. Dom. l. 1 § 2—8. Loft 469.

Page 44. No. 1. 11 Co. 41, Loft 321—2. 2 Buls. 189—3. Loft 462—4. Ib.
230—5. 2 Inst. 49—6.... 7. L. 20 de accus.—8. Loft 181.

Page 45. No. 1. Loft 96—2. Ib.—3. Pl. Com. 305, Loft 185—4. 3 Inst.
212, Loft 135—5. L. 195 b t—6. Co. Lit. 810—7. Co. Lit. 210, Loft
537—8. Dom. L. 67, Ersk. b. 1 t. vi § 16.

Page 46. No. 1. Bacon’s law tracts 93, Loft 527—2. Loft 153—3. L. 140
§ 2 ff. de verb. oblig.—4. Dom. l. 19—5. Loft 213—6. Just. Paul b. 3.

Page 47. No. 1. 4 Inst. 279—2. 9 Co. 48—3. Loft 441—4. 3 Inst. 14,
Loft 83—5. L. 125 b t—6. Loft 538—7. L. 108 iii b t—8. Loft 473.

Page 48. No. 1. Loft 540—2.... 3. Loft 541—4. Ib. 542—5. Dom. l. 4 §
1—6. L. 2 b t—7. Loft 456—8....

Page 49. No. 1. Loft 572—2. Ib. 624—3. Ib. 364—4. 1 Vern. 240, Loft
544—5. Cro. Car. 550—6. 3 Co. 78, Loft 116—7. Loft 89—8. Just. Papin.
132—9. Loft 545.

Page 50. No. 1. Vide merito Loft 143—2. Ersk. b. 4 t. 1 § 69—3. Loft
563—4. Just. Pomb. b. 34—5. Loft 138—6. 3 Inst. 76, Loft—7. 3 Inst.
76.

Page 51. No. 1. Reg. Br.—2. Jenk. Cent. 120—3.... 4.... 5. Loft 351—6.
Just. Papin. b. 31, 2 ulst.—7. L. 22 § 1 b t.

Page 52. No. 1. 9 Co. 48—2. 11 Co. 29, Loft 605—3. Ib. 418—4. Ib.
549—5. Co. Lit. 9—6. Jur. Civ. Co. Lit. 237.

Page 53. No. 1. Loft 353—2. Dom. L. 62—3. Loft 174—4. 3 Co. 40—5. Co.
Lit. 22, Loft 547—6. Co. Lit. 7 b—7. Bacon.

Page 54. No. 1. Co. Lit. 386—2. Just. Ulp. 59 B. 3 Desput.—3. Ersk. b.
2 t. 2 § 12—4. McD.—5. 7 Co. 1—6. 9 Co. 47.

Page 55. No. 1. 9 Co. 9—2. Co. Lit. 164—3. l. 11 b t—4. Jenk. Cent.
40—5. 3 Inst. 158—6. 2 Inst. 178, Loft 76—7. Jenk. Cent. 207.

Page 56. No. 1. Co. Lit. 385—2. 1 Co. 177—3. 2 Inst. 591, Loft 77—4.
Stair Tit. 12 Real Rights p. 201, 1 Co. 177—5. Loft 552—6. Ib. 10—7. 1
Co. 177—8. 10 Co. 61.

Page 57. No. 1.... 2. Dom. l. 38—3. Inst. Gaj. b. 7—4. Co. Lit. 352—5.
Co. Lit. 124, Loft 144—6. Loft 97—7. Co. Lit. 29.

Page 58. No. 1. 5 Co. 109—2. L. 185 b t—3. Loft 631—4. Plow. 296—5....
6. Loft 638—7....

Page 59. No. 1. Just. Meiscian b. 12—2. Just. Paul. b t—3. 2 Rol. Rep.
89—4. Loft 433—5. Ib. 399—6. Ib. 40.

Page 60. No. 1. H.H.P.C. 54—2. Loft 228—3. Ib. 429—4. Ib. 132—5. Wing.
13—6. Hard. 65—7. Co. Lit. 141.

Page 61. No. 1. Co. Lit. 112—2 Dom. l. 172—3. 3 Inst. 210, Loft 133—4.
3 Inst. 106—5. Wing. 15—6.... 7. Jur. Civ. Cro. Car. 51.

Page 62. No. 1. Just. Paul. b. 6—2. Just. Pomp. b. 22—3. Bacon—4. Loft
125—5. Ib. 315—6. 2 Inst. 442—7. 11 Co. 85.

Page 63. No. 1. Cro. Car. 64—2. Loft 202—3. Ib. 487—4. Cro. Car. 64,
Loft 504—5. L. 5 b t—6. 2 Inst. 3—7. L. 114 b t.

Page 64. No. 1. 1 Vern. 19—2. Inst. Pomp. b. 32—3.... 4. L. 14 b t—5.
L. 90 b t—6. Dom. L. 128 v. inf. L. 54—7. Ersk. b. 2 t. 1 § 24, Loft
436.

Page 65. No. 1. Jenk. Cent. 214, Loft 355—2. Dom. l. t. 155 § 2—3.
Goob. 37—4. Dom. L. 41 § 1—5. 5 Co. 67—6. Dom. l. 2—7. 10 Co. 101—8.
Loft 150.

Page 66. No. 1. Loft 194—2. Ib. 304—3. 9 Co. 53—4. L. 12 b t—5. Loft
558—6. Dom. L. 80—7. Jenk. Cent. 132—8. Dav. 33, Loft 555.

Page 67. No. 1. Loft 521—2. Loft 643—3. Ib. 556—4. Ib. 557—5. Dom. l.
24—6. Vide Designatio—7. Loft 307—8. Loft 274.

Page 68. No. 1. Loft 461—2. 3 Inst. 181—3. 12 Co. 13—4. Co. Lit.
252—5. Vide Nemo ex Dolo, &c.—6. Loft 229—7. Ib. 520—8. Ib. 256.

Page 69. No. 1. Hob. 123—2. Loft 150—3. Ib. 134—4. Jenk. Cent. 31,
Wing. 501—5. 3 Inst. 359, Loft 41—6. Co. Lit. 303, Loft 74—7. 2 Inst.
589—8. 6 Co. 37, Loft 183.

Page 70. No. 1. Loft 162—2. 8 Co. 169—3. Jenk. Cent. 198—4. L. 69 b
t—5.... 6. Just. Paul. b. 70—7. Loft 484.

Page 71. No. 1. L. 169 b t—2. Just. Paul. b. 4—3. Loft 180—4. Jenk.
Cent. 58—5. Ib. 45—6. 7 Co. 87.

Page 72. No. 1.... 2. 3 Inst. 147—3. 4 Ib. 279—4. 12 Co. 113—5. 2 Inst.
286—6. 4 Co. 38, Loft 57—7. Jenk. Cent. 75—8. Loft 561. p 73.

Page 73. No. 1. 8 Co. 97—2. Loft 51—3. 2 Inst. 573—4. Loft 42—5. 5
Dyer 12—6. Loft 82—7. 13 Co. 14—8. Loft 47.

Page 74. No. 1. Loft 560—2. 2 Inst. 341—3. Loft 131—4. 2 Inst. 380—5.
Loft 317—6. Ib. 562—7.... 8. Loft 563—9. Dom. l. 8.

Page 75. No. 1. Co. Lit. 130 ... 2. Ib. 181 b—3. L. 8 b t, Loft 315—4.
Jenk. Cent. 68—5. 4 Inst. 279—6. Dom. l. 206—7. Loft 147—8. Ib. 331.

Page 76. No. 1. Loft 332—2. Dom. l. 1—3. 7 Co. 12—4. Dom. l. 38—5. Co.
Lit. 24—6.... 7. Stair t. 14 Superior p. 301, Ersk. B. 2 f. 7 sect. 3.

Page 77. No. 1. 4 Inst. 279—2. 2 Inst. 56, Loft 88—3. Loft 565—4.
Dom. l. 10—5. Buls. 199—6....

Page 78. No. 1.... 2. 4 Co. ad Lect.—3. 2 Rol. Rep. 410, 11 Co. 62 B.
63 a—4. Co. Lit. 183—5. Dom. l. 7—6. Jenk. Cent. 7—7. 9 Co. 22—8. 2
Inst. 618—9. Jenk. Cent. 36—10. 2 Inst. 689, Loft 232.

Page 79. No. 1. Loft 117—2. Ib. 12—3. Ib. 573—4. Ib. 85—5.... 6. 2
Inst. 526.

Page 80. No. 1. Co. Lit. 319 b—2. 2 Inst. 587, Loft 101—3. Loft 65—4.
Ib. 8—5. 11 Co. 90—6. Loft 642—7. Ib. 98—8. 5 Co. 21, Wing. 600—9.
Loft 569—10. Jenk. Cent. 22.—11. Ib. 17.

Page 81. No. 1. Hob. 96—2. Loft 123—3. 1 Co. 87—4. 9 Co. 54—5. Loft
247—6. Ib. 352.

Page 82. No. 1. Lit. Epilogue—2. Jenk. Cent. 284—3. Ib. 35—4. Co. Lit.
78—5. Loft 269—6. Ib. 61—7. Ib. 574—8. Ib. 224.

Page 83. No. 1. Loft 342—2. Co. Lit. 116—3. Just. Paul. b. 2—4 Loft
345—5. Inst. 122, Gaj. Lib. 5 Prov.—6. Loft 546.

Page 84. No. 1. Loft 610—2. Jur. Civ.—3. Co. Lit. 115—4. Cro. Car.
117—5. Loft 334—6. Ib. 276.

Page 85. No. 1. 9 Co. 48—2. Loft 617—3. Loft 231—4. Ib. 136—5. 4 Co.
72—6. Loft 576—7. Lit. Sect. 212—8. Loft 629.

Page 86. No. 1. Jenk. Cent. 53—2. 7 Co. 40—3. Ib. 67, Co. 13—4. Ersk.
b. 1 t. 6 § 3—5. Jur. Civ.—6. Loft 51—7. 4 Inst. 180—8.... 9. 3 Inst.
Epil.

Page 87. No. 1. Co. Lit. 337, Loft 313—2. Ib. 318—3. Ib. 395—4. Ib.
129—5. 2 Inst. 53—6. Ersk. b. 2 tit. 1 § 26—7. Loft 440.

Page 88. No. 1. 4 Co. 45—2. Loft 346 ... 3. Co. Lit. 365, Wing. 748—4.
Loft 457—5. Lit. Co. 337—6. Ersk. b. 1 t. 7 § 43—7. 3 Buls. 143.

Page 89. No. 1. Inst. Pomp. b. 28—2. Ersk. b. 3 t. 2 § 40—3. Loft
18—4. 3 Inst. 24, Loft 146—5. Loft 427—6. Ib. 426—7. Co. 78, Loft
296—8. Ib. 578—9. 11 Co. 86.

Page 90. No. 1. Jenk. Cent. 51—2. Ersk. b. 1 t. 6 § 32—3.... 4. Loft
281—5. Ib. 280—6. 4 Inst. 384—7. Co. Lit. 15, Loft 579.

Page 91. No. 1. 2 Inst. 479—2. 2 Inst. 219, Loft 71—3.... 4. Hob.
144—5. Co. Lit. 79—6. Jenk. Cent. 66—7. Loft 621.

Page 92. No. 1. Loft 620—2. Bacon—3. 10 Co. 61—4. Ib.—5. Plow. 18—6.
Bacon, Loft 259—7. H.H.P.C. 54—8. 2 Inst. 326.

Page 93. No. 1. Hob. 144, Loft 113—2. Ib. 87—3. Ib. 580—4. Ib. 581—5.
Ib. 155—6. Ib. 173—7. 3 Co. 59—8. Loft 430.

Page 94. No. 1. Loft 431—2. 4 Inst. 275—3. 2 Inst. 66, Loft 322—4.
Dom. l. 151—5. Jenk. Cent. 250—6. 4 Co. 45—7. 5 Co. 61.

Page 95. No. 1. 12 Co. 113—2. Jenk. Cent. 4—3. Co. Lit. 263, Wing.
592—4. Just. Ulp. b. 6—5. Loft 582—6. Ib. 142—7. Jur. Civ.—8. L. 43 b
t.

Page 96. No. 1. Dom. l. 134 § 1—2. Loft 53—3. Ib. 287—4. L. 1 71 b
t—5. Loft 454—6. Dom. l. 4—7. Jenk. Cent. 8—8. Dom. L. 37.

Page 97. No. 1. Loft 197—2. Ersk. b. 1 t. 7 § 33—3. Loft 201—4. Just.
Paul. b. 12—5. L. 54 b t—6. Loft 29—7. Ib. 311—8. Gilb. Ten. 142—9.
Jenk. Cent. 237.

Page 98. No. 1. Just. Ulp. b. 1—2. Ersk. b. 2 t. 8 § 9—3. Dom. l. 75 b
t—4. L. 575 b t—5. Loft 5—6. Co. Lit. 309, Wing. 56—7. Ersk. b. 2 t. 1
§ 30.

Page 99. No. 1. Just. Ulp. b. 15—2.... 3. Loft 437—4. Co. Lit. 304,
Wing. 479—5. Loft 182—6. 3 Buls. 173—7. Wing. 336.

Page 100. No. 1. Loft 439—2. Ib. 30—3. Wing. 665—4. Ersk. b. 4 t. 1 §
52—5. Ib. b. 4 t. 4 § 94—6. Wing. 486, Loft 361—7. Dom. l. 145—8. Dom.
l. 10.

Page 101. No. 1. Loft 55—2. Jur. Civ.—3. 11 Co. 21—4. 4 Co. 93—5.
Inst. Paul. b. 8—6....

Page 102. No. 1. 9 Co. 9—2. McD.—3. Co. Lit. 97—4. Ib.—5. L. 35 b t.

Page 103. No. 1. 2 Inst. 359—2. 1 Co. 100—3. 2 Inst. 63—4. Ersk. b. 2
t. 9 § 37, L. 35 b t—5. Loft 93—6. Ib. 394—7. Ib. 465—8. Ib. 95.

Page 104. No. 1. Loft 244—2. Ib. 614—3. Ib. 343—4. Ib. 92—5. Inst.
Ulp. b. 13—6. 3 Inst. 217—7. Lit. 116 § 1 b t.

Page 105. No. 1. Loft 467—2. Ib. 258—3. Inst. 175, Paul. b. 11—4. L.
74 b t—5. L. 21 b t—6. Dom. l. 41—7. 5 Co. 60.

Page 106. No. 1. Just. Ulp. b. 44—2. 1 Rol. Rep. 226—3. Co. Lit. 243—4.
Loft 11—5. Ib. 329—6. Ib. 472—7. L. 85 b t.

Page 107. No. 1. L. 176 b t—2. Loft 608—3. Ib. 275—4. Ib. 26—5. Ib.
16—6. Ib. 225—7. L. 81 b t.

Page 108. No. 1. Loft 584—2. Inst. Ulp. b. 19—3. Loft 613—4. Just.
Gaj. b. 15—5. Just. Papin. b. 2—6. Inst. 116 Ulp. l. 11—7. 10 Co. 42.

Page 109. No. 1. Ersk. b. 3 t. 4 § 93—2. Loft 223—3. Plow. 309—4. Co.
Lit. 78—5. Loft 466.

Page 110. No. 1. Loft 618—2. Co. Lit. 394—3. Loft 130—4. Ib. 245—5.
Ib. 64—6. Inst. Paul. b. 5—7. Loft 36—8. Co. Lit. 222.

Page 111. No. 1. 4 Co. 71—2.... 3. Co. Lit. 317—4. Loft 597—5. Ib.
11—6. 2 Inst. 273, Jenk. Cent. 83—7. Co. Lit. 148—8. 3 Inst. 138.

Page 112. No. 1. 4 h 7 4—2. L. 55 b t—3. Ersk. b. 4 t. 4 § 85—4. L.
138 § t b t—5. 4 Inst. 84—6. Co. Lit. 375—7. Ersk. b. 3 t. 7 § 12—8. 4
Inst. 84, Loft 268.

Page 113. No. 1. L. 30 b t, Jur. Civ., Co. Lit. 53—2. Ersk. b. 4 t. 2 §
24—3. 11 Co. 100—4.... 5. Co. Lit. 392—6. Loft 59—7. Co. Lit. 78.

Page 114. No. 1. Ersk. b. 1 t. 7 § 32—2. Jur. Civ.—3. Co. Lit. 247,
Loft 205—4. Loft 356—5. 3 Co. 29—6. Loft 172—7. Ib. 282.

Page 115. No. 1. 8 Co. 127—2. Loft 128—3. Co. Lit. 6—4. Loft 389—5.
Ib. 107—6. Co. Lit. 232—7.... 8. Inst. Ulp. b. 1.

Page 116. No. 1. Inst. Gaj. b. 1—2. Co. Lit. 112—3. Loft 215—4. Co.
Lit. 226—5. 2 Inst. 123—6. Loft 190—7. L. 202 b t.

Page 117. No. 1. Loft 121—2. 2 Buls. 338—3. Loft 206—4. Ib. 118—5. L.
138 b t—6. Loft 152—7. Loft 237.

Page 118. No. 1. 8 Co. 169—2. 2 Inst. 282—3. 4 Inst. 75—4. Ersk. b. 2
t. 3 § 27—5. 7 Co. 23, Loft 585—6. Dom. L. 6 § 7.

Page 119. No. 1. Loft 193—2. Ib. 192—3. Ersk. b. 2 t. 6 § 50—4. Co.
Lit. 166—5. Loft 267—6. Ib. 113—7. Ib. 449.

Page 120. No. 1. 4 Inst. 64—2. Loft 222—3. 3 Co. 59—4. Ersk. b. 4 t. 4
§ 90—5. Loft 319—6. Ib. 435—7. 4 Inst. 64.

Page 121. No. 1. Loft 528—2. Fortescue cap. 42—3. Ersk. b. 2 t. 1 §
14—4. Co. Lit. 123, Ersk. b. 1 t. 6 § 49—5. Ersk. b. 3 t. 8 § 10—6. 3
Inst. 20—7. Co. Lit. 207.

Page 122. No. 1. Loft 126—2. Co. Lit. 344—3. Ersk. b. 2 t. 11 § 65,
Loft 75—4. Lit. § 386—5. 4 Inst. 50—6. Loft 105—7. Ib. 56—8. Co. Lit.
379, Loft 56.

Page 123. No. 1. Loft 46—2. 3 Inst. 166—3. Bacon—4. Loft 570—5. Ib.
290—6. Co. Lit. 16—7. Loft 348.

Page 124. No. 1. Loft 416—2. Ib. 417—3. Ib. 415—4. Ib. 398—5. Ib.
414—6. Ib. 413—7. Ib. 410.

Page 125. No. 1. Loft 401—2. Just. Pomp. b. 11—3. Ersk. b. 1 t. 6 §
29—4.... 5. Loft 264—6. 5 Co. 99—7. 4 Inst. 279, Loft 111—8. Co. § 31.

Page 126. No. 1. 4 Inst. 160—2. Loft 139—3. Ib. 120—4. 2 Inst. 198—5.
3 Inst. 220—6. Loft 198—7. Hob. 154—8. Ersk. b. 3 t. 1 § 18.

Page 127. No. 1. Loft 4—2. Ib. 17—3. Ib. 265—4. Ib. 175—5. Ib. 588—6.
Ersk. b. 1 t. 1 § 19.

Page 128. No. 1. Loft 19—2. Stair—3. Loft 293—4. 3 Buls. 199—5. Bac.
6, Co. Lit. 113, Loft 425—7. Ib.

Page 129. No. 1. Loft 288—2. Bacon—3. Loft 366—4. Ib. 104—5. Co. Lit.
99—6. Jenk. Cent. 56—7. 10 Co. 88, Wing. 728—8. Loft 7.

Page 130. No. 1. 2 Buls. 312—2. Ersk. b. 1 t. 2 § 27—3. 2 Inst.
19—4.... 5. 3 Co. 40—6. Loft 209.

Page 131. No. 1. Jenk. Cent. 138—2. L. 45 § 1 b t—3. Jenk. Cent. 85—4.
Bac.—5. Stair t. 7 Rest. p. 79, Office of exec. 166—6.... 7. Inst. lib.
2 t. 20 text—8. Co. Lit. 283, Loft 140.

Page 132. No. 1. Loft 266—2. 9 Co. Lit.—3. Loft 590—4. Ib. 15—5.
Jenk. Cent. 136—6. Co. Lit. 65, Loft 156—7....

Page 133. No. 1. 5 Co. 49—2. 4 Co. 14—3. Jenk. Cent. 221—4. Ib. 29—5.
12 Co. 75—6. L. 81 b t.

Page 134. No. 1. Co. Lit. 205—2. Loft 475—3. Dom. L. 73 § 3—4. Loft
591—5. 6 Co. Lit—6. Jenk. Cent. 29.

Page 135. No. 1. 3 Buls. 132—2. Loft 592—3. 4 Co. 78—4. Finch 74—5.
Ersk. b. 3 t. 1 § 25—6. Ib. b. 1 t. 7 § 32—7. 2 Inst. 689.

Page 136. No. 1. Loft 459—2. Ib. 279—3. Co. Lit. 183—4. 3 Inst.
220—5.... 6 Jur. Civ.—7. 2 Inst. 564.

Page 137. No. 1. 4 Inst. 330—2. Loft 445—3. Ib. 79—4. Co. Lit. 223 b,
Wing. 618—5. 2 Inst. 48.

Page 138. No. 1. 8 Co. 154—2. 5 Co. 47—3. 2 Inst. 326, Hob. 234—4. 2
Inst. 83—5. Loft 283.

Page 139. No. 1. 10 Co. 101—2. Co. Lit. 295—3. Loft 639—4. 7 Co. 9—5.
3 Inst. 26—6. Co. Lit. 161.

Page 140. No. 1. Loft 178—2. Ib. 371—3. 6 Co. 52—4. Loft 310—5. Ib.
360—6. Loft 124—7. Ib. 359.

Page 141. No. 1. 2 Inst. 470—2. 3 Buls. 227—3. Loft 210—4. Ib. 408—5.
L. 18 b t—6. Loft 202—7. 10 Co. 51.

Page 142. No. 1. Inst. Paul. b. 22—2. Loft 211—3. Ib. 640—4. Ib.
447—5. Co. Lit. 258, Loft 163—6. 12 Co. 59—7. Co. Lit. 283, Loft 44.

Page 143. No. 1. L. 42 b t—2. Ersk. b. 3 t. 8 § 26—3. Loft 161—4. Reg.
Jur. Civ.—5. Loft 644—6. 7 Co. 27.

Page 144. No. 1. 2 Inst. 173—2. Hob. 336—3. 3 Inst. 27—4. 4 Inst.
Epil.—5. Loft 141—6. Ib. 84—7. 2 Inst. 146, Loft 170—8. Loft 550.

Page 145. No. 1. Jenk. Cent. 271—2. 2 Inst. 303, Loft 168—3. 2 Inst.
305—4. Loft 171-r-5, Ib. 407—6. Co. Lit. 161—7. 2 Inst. 81, Loft
320—8. Loft 402.

Page 146. No. 1. Loft 27—2. Jenk. Cent. 126—3. Cary’s Rep. 133—4. Co.
258—5.... 6. Gilb. 85—7. Co. Lit. 14, Loft 58—8. 8 Co. 59.

Page 147. No. 1. Cro. Car. 317—2. Loft 196—3. Ib. 200—4. L. 63, b t—5.
Co. Lit. 158 b—6. Loft 625—7. Ib. 137.

Page 148. No. 1. Jenk. Cent. 32—2. 20 H c. 13 b. 9, Mod. 38—3. Jenk.
Cent. 58—4. Loft 409—5. Stair t. 13 Infeft. p. 242—6. Co. Lit. 158 b,
Loft 159—7. Loft 463—8. 2 Inst. 107.

Page 149. No. 1. 4 Inst. 66—2. Loft 99—3. Ib. 593—4. Co. Lit. 344—5.
10 Co. 70—6. Ersk. b. 3 t. 3 § 47—7. Loft 305.

Page 150. No. 1. Jur. Civ.—2. 2 Inst. 183, Wing. 483, Loft 294—3.
Ersk. b. 4 t. 1 § 15—4. Loft 34—5. Ib. 54—6. 2 Rol. Rep. 21—7. L. 73
per b t.

Page 151. No. 1. 4 Co. 2—2. Loft 166—3. L. 29 b t—4. Dom. l. 32—5. 3
Co. 78—6. Loft 622.

Page 152. No. 1. 4 Co. 31—2.... 3. 2 Inst. 662—4. Loft 387—5. Dom. l.
24—6. 10 Co. 113—7....

Page 153. No. 1. Loft 525—2. 2 Rol. Rep. 502—3. Co. Lit. 178—4. Jenk.
Cent. 76—5.... 6. Loft 365—7. 5 Co. 38, Loft 191—8. Loft 324.

Page 154. No. 1. Loft 169—2. Ib. 165—3. Dom. l. 29—4. Loft 66—5.
Ersk. b. 2 t. 1 § 12—6. Ib. b. 2 t. 1 § 9, Stair t. 7 Restit. p.
76—7.... 8. Loft 647.

Page 155. No. 1.... 2. Loft 270—3. Ib. 149—4. Co. Lit. 49, Loft
284—5. Loft 282—6. Ersk. b. 3 t. 4 § 16—7. Stair t. 1 com. prin. p.
2—8. Dom. l. 11.

Page 156. No. 1. 2 Inst. 590—2. Loft 94—3. Jenk. Cent. 14—4. Loft
358—5. Reg. Jur. Civ.—6. Co. Lit. 147, Wing. 24.

Page 157. No. 1. Dom. l. 13 v. l. 27—2. L. 85 § 1—3. Inst. Pomp. b.
11—4. Inst. Ulp. b. 87—5. Loft 43.

Page 158. No. 1. 7 Co. 7—2. 4 Inst. 320—3. Loft 357—4. Co. Lit. 191—5.
Bacon, Loft 127—6. 2 Hol. Rep. 296—7. 4 Inst. 84—8. Co. Lit. 142.

Page 159. No. 1. Loft 22—2. L. 1 ff. de regulis, juris antiqui—3. Co.
Lit. 223—4. 3 Co. 28—5. Loft 477—6. Ib. 141.

Page 160. No. 1. 4 Co. 107—2. 4 Inst., Loft 106—3. Loft 167—4. 2
Salk. 512—5. 3 Inst. 182—6. Ersk. b. 1 t. 1 § 29.

Page 161. No. 1. Co. Lit. 152—2. Ersk. b. 2 t. 11 § 14—3. Co. Lit. 30,
Loft 32—4. L. 203 b t—5. Ersk. b. 1 t. 7 § 45—6. Loft 208—7. Reg.
Civ. Just.—8. Loft 240—9. Ersk. b. 1 t. 6 § 32.

Page 162. No. 1. 3 Inst. 220—2. Hob. 99—3. Loft 327—4. Ib. 3—5. Ib.
23—6. Jenk. Cent. 17—7. Loft 567—8. Ib. 616.

Page 163. No. 1. 4 Co. Ad. Sect.—2. Loft 306—3. Ib. 305—4. Ib. 14—5.
Ib. 298—6. Ib. 20—7. Ib. 9.

Page 164. No. 1. Loft 453—2. Ib. 21—3. Ib. 148—4. Ib. 23—5. Co. Lit.
99, Loft 6—6. Hob. 143—7. Ersk. b. 1 t. 7 § 39—8. 13 Co. 139—9. Loft
No. 1.

Page 165. No. 1. 4 Inst. 1—2. 4 Inst. 4—3. Jenk. Cent. 168—4. 4 Inst.
163—5. Loft 270—6. Ib. 606—7. Jur. Civ.—8. Dom. l. 17, Pand. l. 17 De
digit.

Page 166. No. 1. Loft 539—2. Inst. Paul. b. 3—3. Cro. Car. 317—4. L.
56 b t—5. L. 34 b t—6. Just. Ulp. b. 15.

Page 167. No. 1. Just. Ulp. b. 10—2. Loft 109—3. Dom. l. 147—4. 5 Co.
2—5. 4 Co. 14—6. 4 Co. 13.

Page 168. No. 1. 7 Co. 43—2. Ersk. b. 1 t. 7 § 13—3. Ellesm. Pot. 55—4.
Ib.—5. Bacon—6. Inst. 454, Loft 50—7. 5 Co. 118—8. 4 Co. 14—9. Loft
214.

Page 169. No. 1. Loft 251—2. L. 92 b t—3. Loft 649, L. 22 b t—4.
Loft 300—5. 10 Co. 113—6. 9 Co. 59—7. L. 38 b t.

Page 170. No. 1. Loft 554—2. 4 Co. 8—3. Co. Lit. 101—4. Dom. l. 47—5.
Loft 301—6. Ib. 214—7. Jenk. Cent. 13.

Page 171. No. 1. Loft 295—2. Jenk. Cent. 56—3. 2 Inst. 714, Loft
449—4. Hob. 297, Wing. 712—5. Loft 108—6. Ib. 569—7. Jenk. Cent. 24—8.
10 Co. 101—9. Jenk. Cent. 119.

Page 172. No. 1. Loft 81—2. Jenk. Cent. 43—3. Loft 80—4. Reg. Jur.—5.
McD.—6. Loft 160—7. Ib. 564—8. Ib. 203—9. Ib. 619.

Page 173. No. 1. Loft 450—2. Ib. 412—3. Ib. 380—4. 1 Co. 52—5. 3 Inst.
305—6. Loft 25—7. Ib. 286.

Page 174. No. 1. Loft 650—2. Co. Lit. 112—3. 4 Inst. 279—4. Jenk.
Cent. 81—5. Loft 250—6. Ersk. b. 4 t. 2 § 26—7. Loft 152.

Page 175. No. 1. Co. Lit. 322, Loft 250—2. Reg. Jur. Civ.—3. Ib.—4. 4
Inst. 279—5. Ib.—6. 4 Inst. 279—7. Loft 598—8. Ib. 188.

Page 176. No. 1. Ersk. b. 2 t. 1 § 18, Dom. l. 20 C. de Pactis—2. Co.
Lit. 118—3. 5 Co. 126—4. 7 Co. 1—5.... 6. Loft 115—7. Ib. 31.

Page 177. No. 1. 4 Co. 93—2. Loft 602—3. Jenk. Cent. 325—4. 2 Inst.
289, Loft 100—5. Loft 291—6. Ib. 242.

Page 178. No. 1. Loft 421—2. Ersk. b. 3 t. 6 § 9—3. Loft 648—4. Ib.
60—5. 7 Co. 18—6. Loft 164—7. Ib. 285.

Page 179. No. 1. 2 Inst. 269—2. Loft 405—3. Ib. 377—4. 2 Inst. 43,
Loft 238—5. Cro. Jac. 42—6. Dav. 69—7. 4 Co. 16, Loft 314—8. 10 Co.
78.

Page 180. No. 1. 6 Co. 47—2. Loft 312—3. Ib. 455—4. Ib. 253—5. Just.
110, Paul. b. 6 Edict—6. Loft 464.

Page 181. No. 1. 10 Co. 116—2. Co. Lit. 322—3. 4 Co. 118—4. Loft
648—5. Ib. 486—6. Ersk. b. 2 t. 9 § 34—7. 2 Rol. Rep. 39, Ersk. b. 3 t.
4 § 9—8....

Page 182 No. 1. Loft 607—2. Ib. 602—3. McD.—4. Loft 411—5. Ib. 476—6.
Ib. 403—7. Ib. 216—8. Ib. 316.

Page 183. No. 1. Loft 219—2. 7 Co. 27—3. Ersk. b. 3 t. 7 § 79—4. Loft
471—5. Ib. 468—6.... 7. 6 Co. 20.

Page 184. No. 1. Co. Lit. 36—2. Loft 241—3. Loft 599—4. Loft 254—5.
Ib. 349—6. Ib. 474—7. Bacon—8. Loft 246.

Page 185. No. 1. Loft 45—2. 4 Co. 17—3. Loft 350—4. Ib. 601—5. Ib.
212—6. 1 Ld. Laym. 303—7. 3 Inst. 27—8. Loft 615—9. Co. 20.

Page 186. No. 1. 4 Inst. Epil.—2. Hob. 347, Wing. 672, Stair t. Repara
p. 101—3. McD.—4. Hob. 347, Wing. 672—5. Co. Lit. c b—6. Jenk. Cent.
27—7. 3 Inst. 176—8. Loft 158—9. Ib. 58.

Page 187. No. 1. Loft 636—2. Inst. 57—3. Plow. 501, Wing. 482, Ersk.
b. 2 t. 5 § 5—4. 3 Inst. 69—5. 4 Co. 61—6. Jenk. Cent. 260—7. Co. Lit.
322.

THE END.

  Wm. BAYNE, Printer,
  James’s Court, Edinburgh.

ERRATA.

  Page   No.   _for_                    _read_
     3     2   accuse                   excuse
     5     9   intuo                    in tuo
     7     7   alium                    sunt
    15     1   inducitor                inducitur
    18     5   de positioni             depositioni
    31     3   after of                 private
   ...     4   ineodem                  in eodem
    32     8   lest                     less
    34     2   after that               with
    37     9   devisible                divisible
    44     7   after pass               against heirs
    54     5   trial must take place,   three witnesses may be brought
    [Transcriber’s Note: The above correction is not supported by the
    Latin, which is correct as is and says nothing about witnesses.]
    57     2   servus                   servis
    62     7   considentur              concedentur
    65     3   repetitione              repetitioni
   ...     4   qui                      quia
    67     4   claim                    clause
    69     3   est                      ut
    75     2   private rights           a private right
   ...     7   aliqui                   aliquis
    76     7   sanguinus                sanguinis
   ...   ...   questium                 quæsitum
    78     5   permitere                permittere
   ...     7   Anglæ                    Angliæ
    79     1   Æquita                   æquitatæ
   ...     3   certe                    certa
    88     6   pacitare                 placitare
    90     1   dictur                   dicitur
    95     3   For                      or
    97     5   haberit                  haberet
    98     2   _dele_ to himself
   100     8   insiderint               inciderint
   102     5   consersus                consensus
   104     3   Anglæ                    Angliæ
   105     5   _dele_ not
   112     8   ubivalet                 ubi valet
   113     5   peccari                  peccare
   116     4   judici                   judicii
   ...     7   injure                   in jure
   118     6   bono                     bonos
   126     5   pœna                     pœnæ
   133     3   seqarari                 separari
   136     2   que                      quæ
   ...     4   qua libet                qualibet
   137     1   senisse                  sensisse
   ...   ...   perceived                intended
   147     2   feels—feels              reaps—bear
   151     3   consensus                consensu
   [Transcriber’s Note: “consensus” does not appear in this entry.]
   160     3   empire                   umpire
   163     1   dominatur                ubi dominatur
   170     6   solo                     sola
   171     1   facet                    facit
   176     2   _S._                     viz.
   ...     3   pravitatio               pravitatis
   177     2   agree                    disagree
   178     1   standunt                 standum
   181     4   uni                      ubi
   ...     6   unumquaque               unumquacque
   ...     7   eadem                    eodem
   182     2   urbi                     ubi

[Transcriber’s Notes:

Items out of alphabetical order have been left as in the original. Some
of the Latin maxims are repeated in the original, but have slightly
different translations; these have been left as in the original. Some
translations are poor or incorrect but have been retained as in the
original, except as noted in individual Transcriber’s Notes in the text
above.

The corrections listed in the Errata have been made except where
the Errata entry is itself incorrect, as noted therein. Other obvious
printer or spelling errors have been corrected without note. Archaic
English and Scottish spellings have been retained as in the original.]