M726 Alexander the Great. Sent by Providence to do a great work.
 M727 Which was prepared by his father. Extent of the Persian empire. The
      accumulation of riches in the royal cities.
 M728 Philip had aspired to overturn the empire. Knowing its internal
      weakness.
 M729 But this work is reserved for Alexander. Who was the conqueror of
      the Oriental world? What constituted his military genius.
 M730 It was his passion to conquer, not reconstruct.
 M731 His early history. His conquest of the Grecian States.
 M732 He annihilates the Theban power. Moral effect of his merciless
      severity. He is master of Greece.
 M733 Prepares to invade Persia.
 M734 He marshals his forces in Asia. His phalanx and the armor of his
      troops.
 M735 His generals.
 M736 Alexander is unobstructed in crossing the Hellespont. Error of the
      Persians. Battle of the Granicus. Alexander dispenses with his
      fleet. Fall of Miletus.
 M737 The siege of Halicarnassus. Conquest of Asia Minor.
 M738 The Persians resolve on offensive operations.
 M739 Neglect to guard the mountain passes. Which Alexander passes through
      unobstructed. Infatuation and errors of the Persians. The Persians
      advance to Issus.
 M740 The great and decisive battle of Issus.
 M741 The mistakes of the Persians, and the cowardice of Darius.
 M742 Important consequences of the battle.
 M743 The flight and inaction of Darius.
 M744 The siege of Tyre. Its fall.
 M745 Offer of Darius. Rejected by Alexander.
 M746 Who conquers Egypt.
 M747 Founding of Alexandria.
 M748 Alexander marches to the Euphrates.
 M749 Marshalling of the armies at Arbela.
 M750 Utter discomfiture of Darius. His inglorious flight. The battle of
      Arbela a death-blow to Persia. Military genius of the conqueror.
 M751 Surrender of Babylon and Susa.
 M752 The enormous treasures of the Persian Kings.
 M753 Successive conquests of Alexander.
 M754 He kills his friend Clitus. Agony and remorse of Alexander.
 M755 He penetrates to the Indus. Porus.
 M756 The soldiers of Alexander refuse to advance further to the East.
 M757 He returns to Persepolis. His abandonment to pleasure.
 M758 Death of Hephæstion and grief of Alexander.
 M759 His entrance into Babylon. Splendor of the funeral of Hephæstion.
      Death of Alexander.
 M760 His boundless ambition. His death a fortunate event. Effects of his
      conquests.
 M761 Obscurity of the early history of Rome.
 M762 Æneas.
 M763 Latium. Foundation of Rome.
 M764 The early inhabitants. Rome founded in violence.
 M765 The Sabine element of Rome.
 M766 The constitution.
 M767 Numa Pompilius.
 M768 Establishment of religion.
 M769 Tullus Hostilius. The Horatii and the Curiatii.
 M770 Destruction of Alba.
 M771 The origin of plebians.
 M772 Tarquinius Priscus.
 M773 His public work.
 M774 Servius Tullius.
 M775 His reforms.
 M776 Based on property. New division of the people.
 M777 Comitia Centuriata.
 M778 The despotism of Tarquin.
 M779 The legend of Lucretia. Death of Lucretia. Banishment of the
      Tarquins.
 M780 The restoration of power to the patricians.
 M781 Jurisprudence.
 M782 Religion. Objects of worship.
 M783 Agriculture. Fruits and cereals.
 M784 Trades.
 M785 Commerce.
 M786 Measures and weights.
 M787 Heroic period of Roman History.
 M788 The consuls.
 M789 The Senate.
 M790 Brutus the first consul.
 M791 The legends of ancient Rome. Tarquin attempts to recover his throne.
 M792 Etruria.
 M793 War with the Etruscans.
 M794 Dictators.
 M795 Oppression and miseries of the plebeians.
 M796 Their rebellion.
 M797 The Tribunes. Comitia Tributa.
 M798 Ædiles.
 M799 Coriolanus.
 M800 Spurius Cassius. Agrarian law.
 M801 Fabius. Increased power of plebians.
 M802 The dictatorship of Cincinnatus.
 M803 The decemvirs.—Appius Claudius.
 M804 His injustice and punishment.
 M805 Intermarriage of plebians and patricians.
 M806 Censors.
 M807 Quæstors.
 M808 The siege and fall of Veii.
 M809 Invasion of the Gauls. Habits and manners of the Gauls.
 M810 Disastrous battle with the Gauls.
 M811 The fall of Rome.
 M812 M. Manlius.
 M813 His services and fall. The Lincinian rogation.
 M814 The period of conquest begins.
 M815 Samnium.
 M816 The Latins throw off the Roman yoke.
 M817 Reconquest of the Latin cities.
 M818 Jealousy of the Samnites.
 M819 The war. The Samnite war. Siege of Lucania.
 M820 Victory of Seutinum.
 M821 New coalition against Rome. Tarentum.
 M822 Pyrrhus.
 M823 Marches to the assistance of the Tarentines. Battle of Heraclea.
 M824 Pyrrhus offers peace.
 M825 Retreat of Pyrrhus.
 M826 Battle of Beneventum.
 M827 Complete subjugation of Italy.
 M828 Appius Claudius.
 M829 Causes of the Punic war.
 M830 Territories of Carthage. Sicilian affairs.
 M831 Rhegium.
 M832 The Mamertines.
 M833 Hiero.
 M834 Wealth and population of Carthage. Power of Carthage.
 M835 Creation of a Roman fleet.
 M836 Naval battle of Mylæ.
 M837 Great victory of Regulus.
 M838 Other victories of Regulus.
 M839 Hamilcar.
 M840 Hasdrubal.
 M841 Imprisonment of Regulus. Death of Regulus.
 M842 Hamilcar Barca.
 M843 Conquest of Sicily.
 M844 Acquisition of Sicily.
 M845 Creation of a Roman naval power.
 M846 Condition of Carthage after the war.
 M847 Hamilcar.
 M848 Hasdrubal.
 M849 Hannibal.
 M850 Fall of Saguntum.
 M851 Hannibal retires to Carthagena.
 M852 He prepares for vigorous war.
 M853 Crosses the Ebro.
 M854 Hannibal crosses the Alps.
 M855 Scipio.
 M856 Battle of the Trasimene Lake.
 M857 Hannibal in Italy.
 M858 Hannibal marches to the Adriatic.
 M859 Fabius. Efforts of the Romans.
 M860 Battle of Cannæ. Its great consequences. Varro.
 M861 Revolt of allies.
 M862 Wisdom of Hannibal.
 M863 Fortitude of the Romans.
 M864 The crisis.
 M865 Marcellus.
 M866 Scipio.
 M867 Revolt of Syracuse. Archimedes.
 M868 Siege of Syracuse. Death of Archimedes.
 M869 Fall of Capua.
 M870 Battle of Metaurus. Reverses of Hannibal.
 M871 Scipio.
 M872 His successes in Spain.
 M873 Scipio consul. He invades Africa.
 M874 Hannibal evacuates Italy.
 M875 Hannibal seeks for peace.
 M876 The battle of Zama.
 M877 Scipio gives peace to Carthage.
 M878 Close of the war.
 M879 Macedonia. Philip.
 M880 Makes war with the Romans. Battle of Cynocephalæ. The Achæan League.
 M881 The liberties of Greece secured. Flaminius.
 M882 Antiochus.
 M883 Power of Antiochus.
 M884 His preparations for war.
 M885 Scipio in Asia.
 M886 Defeat of Antiochus. Syria a Roman province.
 M887 Subjection of the Greek cities.
 M888 Death of Hannibal.
 M889 Perseus.
 M890 Makes war on Rome. Battle of Pydna.
 M891 Its decisive results. Supremacy of the Romans in the civilized
      world.
 M892 Causes of the third Punic war.
 M893 Masinissa. Usurpation of Masinissa.
 M894 Carthage called to account.
 M895 Power of Carthage.
 M896 War declared.
 M897 Despair of the Carthaginians.
 M898 The city makes desperate efforts. Hasdrubal.
 M899 Failure of the Romans.
 M900 Rome disgusted.
 M901 Mistake of Mancinus.
 M902 Siege of Carthage.
 M903 Scipio master of the ports.
 M904 Attack of the citadel. Capture and destruction of Carthage.
 M905 Her awful fate. Carthage utterly destroyed.
 M906 The fate of great commercial capitals.
 M907 Scipio triumphs.
 M908 Change in Roman manners.
 M909 The Spanish peninsula.
 M910 Geography of Spain.
 M911 War with the Spaniards.
 M912 Inglorious war.
 M913 Scipio.
 M914 Difficulties in Asiatic provinces.
 M915 Province of Africa.
 M916 The Macedonian war.
 M917 Fall of Corinth.
 M918 Asia Minor.
 M919 War in Asia.
 M920 Syria.
 M921 Dominion of Rome.
 M922 The rise of a new nobility. Roman nobility.
 M923 Leading families.
 M924 Provincial governors.
 M925 Decline of the burgesses. Public amusements.
 M926 Decay of military sports. Distinctions in society.
 M927 Cato.
 M928 Political changes. Rise of demagogues.
 M929 Agriculture. The slaves. Small farmers.
 M930 Decline of agriculture. The farmers sacrificed to the city
      population.
 M931 Money.
 M932 Business operations.
 M933 Great fortunes.
 M934 The rich favored.
 M935 Extravagant prices for luxuries.
 M936 Education.
 M937 Rome after the battle of Pydna.
 M938 The inefficiency of the government.
 M939 Opposition to the ruling classes. Capitalists. Slaves.
 M940 Tiberius Gracchus.
 M941 His reforms.
 M942 His unlawful movements.
 M943 His death.
 M944 Character of Gracchus. Nature of his reform.
 M945 The Death of Scipio.
 M946 Gaius Gracchus.
 M947 He makes war on the aristocracy. The Equestrian order.
 M948 The speculators.
 M949 The power of the Senate curtailed.
 M950 Radical reforms.
 M951 Gracchus loses his popularity.
 M952 Gracchus assassinated.
 M953 His character.
 M954 The Numidian war. Jugurtha.
 M955 Metellus.
 M956 Difficulties of the war.
 M957 Marius.
 M958 Close of the war.
 M959 Results of the war.
 M960 The Cimbri.
 M961 War with the Cimbri.
 M962 Invasion of Italy.
 M963 Marius called to command.
 M964 Battle of Aquæ Sextiæ.
 M965 Battle of Vercillæ.
 M966 Reforms of Marius.
 M967 Indecisive war.
 M968 Sulla.
 M969 Asiatic rising.
 M970 Disgust of Marius.
 M971 The Sulpician laws.
 M972 The Sullan legislation.
 M973 Sullan constitution.
 M974 Mithridates.
 M975 Tigranes.
 M976 Preparations of Mithridates. Power of Mithridates.
 M977 Sulla lands in Epirus. Siege of Athens.
 M978 Sulla deposed.
 M979 Battle of Chæronea.
 M980 Revolt of Asia against Mithridates.
 M981 Negotiations for peace.
 M982 Sulla returns to Italy.
 M983 His greatness. Cinna.
 M984 Civil war. Success of Cinna.
 M985 Sulla ends the war.
 M986 Absolute power of Sulla.
 M987 His triumphs.
 M988 He reforms. The reforms of Sulla.
 M989 His retirement.
 M990 Reaction in favor of the aristocracy.
 M991 Sertorius.
 M992 Pompey.
 M993 Death of Sertorius.
 M994 Servile war. Pompey.
 M995 The pirates. Great power given to Pompey.
 M996 Renewal of hostilities in the East. Lucullus.
 M997 His victories. Defeat of Mithridates. His death.
 M998 Pompey in Syria. His victories.
 M999 His triumph.
M1000 Cicero.
M1001 Verres.
M1002 Public career of Cicero. Cicero as consul. Catiline.
M1003 Cicero’s services.
M1004 His fall. Accomplishments and character of Cicero.
M1005 Pompey.
M1006 His policy.
M1007 Cæsar.
M1008 The consulship of Cæsar.
M1009 Cæsar in Gaul.
M1010 Power of Cæsar and Pompey.
M1011 Rivalship between Cæsar and Pompey. Deplorable state of public
      affairs.
M1012 The Senate demands the abdication of Cæsar. Cæsar seeks a
      compromise. Rejected by Pompey. Cæsar pursues Pompey.
M1013 Cæsar in Spain.
M1014 Military preparations.
M1015 Battle of Dyrhachium. Battle of Pharsalia.
M1016 Flight of Pompey to Egypt. Pompey assassinated.
M1017 Cæsar in Egypt. Eastern conquests.
M1018 Pharnaces.
M1019 Dictatorship of Cæsar.
M1020 Cato.
M1021 Triumph of Cæsar. The vast power of Cæsar.
M1022 The Julian calendar. Last battle of Cæsar.
M1023 Death of Cæsar.
M1024 Character of Cæsar.
M1025 Great men of Rome at this time.
M1026 Antonius takes the lead at Rome.
M1027 Octavius.
M1028 Brutus and Cassius.
M1029 Cicero.
M1030 Prospects of civil war. Situation of Roman affairs. The triumvirate
      of Antonius, Octavius and Lepidus. They proscribe their enemies.
M1031 Cassius and Brutus rally the aristocracy. Battle of Philippi.
M1032 Roman liberty extinguished.
M1033 Cleopatra and Antonius. War between Octavius and Sextus.
M1034 Prosperity of the empire.
M1035 Extent of the empire. Cities of the empire. Magnificence of Rome.
M1036 The imperial master.
M1037 Roman Senate.
M1038 The equestrians.
M1039 The consuls.
M1040 The army.
M1041 Policy of Augustus.
M1042 Institutions of Augustus.
M1043 Roman commerce.
M1044 Residences of the nobility. Amusements of the aristocracy.
M1045 Roman literature.
M1046 The wives of Augustus.
M1047 The family of Augustus.
M1048 Mæcenas and Agrippa.
M1049 The Teutonic races.
M1050 Drusus.
M1051 Banishment of Julia.
M1052 Domitius Ahenobardus.
M1053 Disaster of Varus.
M1054 Death of Augustus. Character of Augustus.
M1055 Tiberius veils his power.
M1056 Germanicus.
M1057 Jealousy of Tiberius.
M1058 The campaign of Germanicus. Triumph of Germanicus.
M1059 Drusus.
M1060 Cnæus Piso. Death of Germanicus.
M1061 Funeral of Germanicus. Able administration of Tiberius. Excellence
      of the imperial rule.
M1062 Tiberius becomes a tyrant. Instruments of tyranny. Provincial
      governors. Reforms of Tiberius.
M1063 Tiberius secludes himself in Capreæ. Sejanus.
M1064 His conspiracy and death.
M1065 Death of Drusus. Death of Tiberius. His funeral.
M1066 Caligula. His infamous pleasures. Cruelty of Caligula.
M1067 His madness and folly. His assassination.
M1068 Claudius.
M1069 His efforts at reform.
M1070 The able administration of Claudius.
M1071 Conquest of Britain.
M1072 Messalina.
M1073 Agrippina. Assassination of Messalina. Marriage of Claudius with
      Agrippina.
M1074 Infamy of Agrippina.
M1075 Death of Claudius.
M1076 Character of Claudius.
M1077 Ascension of Nero. His early character.
M1078 He gives promise of reigning wisely.
M1079 New developments in the character of Nero.
M1080 His ministers.
M1081 Poppæa Sabina. Her vile character.
M1082 The infamies of Nero.
M1083 Conspiracies against him. Flight of Nero. Death of Nero.
M1084 Galba.
M1085 Vespasian proclaimed emperor.
M1086 His first acts. Titus.
M1087 Domitian. Conquest of Britain.
M1088 Persecution of Christians.
M1089 Nerva.
M1090 Death of Nerva.
M1091 Trajan.
M1092 The Dacian war. Gladiatorial sports. The Forum Trajanum.
M1093 The Parthian expedition. Death of Trajan.
M1094 Hadrian.
M1095 His warlike expeditions.
M1096 Hadrian visits the provinces.
M1097 His public works.
M1098 Antonius Pius. Death of Antonius. His eulogy.
M1099 Marcus Aurelius.
M1100 Invasion of the empire. Death of Aurelius.
M1101 Commodus.
M1102 Apparent prosperity.
M1103 Great moral changes.
M1104 Preparations for violence.
M1105 Pertinax and Julianus. Severus.
M1106 Vigorous rule of Severus.
M1107 Caracalla and Geta.
M1108 Macrinus.
M1109 Elagabalus. His luxury.
M1110 Alexander Severus.
M1111 His labors.
M1112 Maximin. His cruelties.
M1113 Gordianus. Death of Maximin. Philip.
M1114 Persecution of the Christians. Ravages of the Goths.
M1115 Successive emperors. Gallienus.
M1116 Gothic invasions. Defeat of the barbarians.
M1117 Aurelian. Zenobia. Palmyra. Zenobia taken captive.
M1118 Triumph of Aurelian.
M1119 Tacitus.
M1120 Probus. His warlike career.
M1121 Carus.
M1122 Carinus.
M1123 Diocletian.
M1124 Important political changes.
M1125 New seat of government. Oriental pomp of Diocletian.
M1126 Galerius and Constantius.
M1127 Persecution of Christians. The reason of their persecution.
M1128 Retirement of Diocletian.
M1129 The evils which flowed from it. Death of Constantius.
M1130 Six emperors.
M1131 Civil wars.
M1132 Death of Galerius.
M1133 Elevation of Constantine. Successors of Constantine.
M1134 Conversion of Constantine. Establishment of Christianity.
M1135 Renewed wars.
M1136 Victory of Constantine over Licinius.
M1137 Death of Licinius.
M1138 Constantine reigns alone.
M1139 Foundation of Constantinople.
M1140 Council of Nice. Athanasius. Theological discussion on the Trinity.
M1141 Assassination of Crispus. The new capital.
M1142 New divisions of the empire.
M1143 Changes in the army.
M1144 The ministers.
M1145 The bishoprics.
M1146 Death of Constantine.
M1147 The heirs of Constantine.
M1148 Constantius.
M1149 Constans.
M1150 War with Magnentius.
M1151 Death of Athanasius.
M1152 Wars of Constantius.
M1153 Julian.
M1154 Death of Julian. Jovian.
M1155 Valentinian. Barbaric invasions.
M1156 Valens.
M1157 Gothic invasion. Death of Valens. Ravages of the Goths.
M1158 Theodosius.
M1159 Successes over the Goths.
M1160 Uphilas.
M1161 Gratian. Valentinian II.
M1162 Ambrose. Penance of Theodosius.
M1163 Theodosius defends the church.
M1164 Death of Theodosius. Arcadius and Honorius.
M1165 Final division of the empire.
M1166 Alaric. Defeat of the Goths. Stilicho.
M1167 Successive barbaric irruptions. Loss of Gaul to the empire.
M1168 Alaric advances to Rome.
M1169 Siege of Rome. Heavy tribute imposed on Rome. Alaric master-general.
M1170 Sack of Rome.
M1171 Evacuation of Rome.
M1172 Death of Alaric.
M1173 Kingdom of the Franks. Discords between Boniface and Aetius.
M1174 The Vandals.
M1175 The Vandals in Africa.
M1176 Fall of Carthage.
M1177 Vandals in Italy. Sack of Rome by the Vandals.
M1178 The fall of Rome.
M1179 The Huns.
M1180 Battle of Chalons.
M1181 Attila in Italy.
M1182 Retreat of the Huns. The last emperors.
M1183 Odoacer. Theodoric.
M1184 Gothic kingdom of Italy. Division of the empire among barbarians.
M1185 Reflections on the fall of the empire.