A GUIDE BOOK OF
                        ART, ARCHITECTURE, AND
                         HISTORIC INTERESTS IN
                             PENNSYLVANIA

        [Illustration: READING THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

              _Painted by Edwin A. Abbey. © M. G. Abbey_

   _From a Copley Print, © Curtis and Cameron, Publishers, Boston_]

                            A GUIDE BOOK OF
                        ART, ARCHITECTURE, AND
                          HISTORIC INTERESTS
                            IN PENNSYLVANIA

                               EDITED BY
                       A. MARGARETTA ARCHAMBAULT

                              ILLUSTRATED

                             PHILADELPHIA
                      THE JOHN C. WINSTON COMPANY
                                 1924

                          Copyright, 1924, by
                      THE JOHN C. WINSTON COMPANY

                         _All rights reserved_

                        PRINTED IN THE U. S. A.

                STATE FEDERATION OF PENNSYLVANIA WOMEN

                              _President_

                          MRS. JOHN B. HAMME

                  _Art Committee for the Guide Book_

  MISS A. MARGARETTA ARCHAMBAULT, _Chairman_  Philadelphia
  MRS. ROSS BARROWS                           Lock Haven
  MRS. EARL BARNES                            Philadelphia
  MISS MARY S. GARRETSON                      Pittsburgh
  MRS. ETHEL HERRON HAYES                     Monongahela
  MISS ALICE HENRY                            Pittsburgh
  MRS. ROBERT MCKELVY                         Titusville
  MISS IRENE B. MARTIN                        Allentown
  MISS SARAH R. PAISTE                        West Chester
  MRS. JOHN G. READING                        Williamsport
  MRS. WALTER KING SHARPE                     Chambersburg
  MRS. ANDREW THOMPSON                        Honesdale

     HAIL! PENNSYLVANIA

    Hail! Pennsylvania,
      Noble and strong!
    To thee with loyal hearts
      We raise our song.
    Swelling to heaven, loud
      Our praises ring;
    Hail! Pennsylvania,
      Of thee we sing!

    Majesty as a crown
      Rests on thy brow;
    Pride, Honor, Glory, Love,
      Before thee bow.
    Ne’er can thy spirit die,
      Thy walls decay;
    Hail! Pennsylvania,
      For thee we pray.

    Hail! Pennsylvania,
      Guide of our youth!
    Lead thou thy children on
      To light and truth;
    Thee when death summons us,
      Others shall praise,
    Hail! Pennsylvania,
      Through endless days!
            _Edgar M. Dilley, U. of P., 1897._

    _Lo, sons of no mean Commonwealth,_

    _We exultant speak the name of State,_
    _Proclaim the great “experiment” that wrought,_
    _As if by necromance ’mong doubting men,_
    _Fruition sure--beyond his ardent thought,_
    _Yet hidden in very heart of Penn!_
    _And bear the message, flash it sea to sea,_
    _Who freedom serve must of themselves be free!_
              _Harvey Maitland Watts._

THE PLAN OF THE BOOK

This Guide Book of Art, Architecture, and Historic Interests in
Pennsylvania, commenced by advice of Mrs. Edward Biddle of Carlisle, and
fostered by Mrs. Samuel Semple of Titusville, during their presidency of
the “State Federation of Pennsylvania Women,” for the use of tourists,
is arranged chronologically, beginning with the counties first formed;
towns in each county follow each other in location as closely as
possible. Works of good art in the state have been catalogued, together
with a story of most interesting pioneer history, that each one of the
sixty-seven counties should have a chapter in the book; those that have
no art have the Indian trails and thrilling experiences of our first
brave pathfinders.

Serious effort has been made to have all the information verified; in
some instances, two or three counties have made the same claims for
various historic firsts, which have here been given their proper record,
through consultation with the State Historians at Harrisburg. To keep
the book small, facts are scarcely more than outlined; further
information about them may be obtained from the bibliography of this
book.

The chapter of each county was written by a most responsible person, who
lived there, judges, clergymen, historians, and a few by officers of the
women’s clubs, thus giving inside knowledge that a stranger could never
get. All dry-as-dust statistics are omitted, and only that which is of
prominent interest is given. Authorities consulted have differed, and
mistakes will occur; there will be sins of omission and commission in
the work, according to the point of view of the reader; but they are few
in comparison with the wealth of real information brought together
within this cover.

To the many earnest helpers who have given their knowledge, time and
patience in obtaining and sending these reports, warmest thanks and
sincere appreciation are heartily given; all honor is due to them. We
would like to give their names, but some have asked that they be
withheld and it is thought best to do so with all.

                                     A. MARGARETTA ARCHAMBAULT, Editor.

Philadelphia, June 15, 1917.

ADDENDA

This book, finished for publication in 1917, was placed in the vaults of
the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, as all money was needed for our
soldiers. The present committee, appointed by Mrs. Hamme, has decided to
publish the work as compiled in 1917, and not delay it by trying to
bring the sixty-seven counties up to date. Conditions have been so
unfavorable for new construction, since the war, that little has been
done. The population of towns, however, has been advanced to the 1920
statistics.

                                                     A. M. ARCHAMBAULT.

Philadelphia, June 30, 1924.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                    PAGE

STATE FEDERATION OF PENNSYLVANIA WOMEN                                 v

HAIL! PENNSYLVANIA                                                    vi

THE PLAN OF THE BOOK                                                 vii

PHILADELPHIA HISTORIC FIRSTS                                           1

CHAPTER

      I. THE COMMONWEALTH, OR STATE OF
         PENNSYLVANIA (PENN’S WOODS)                                  24

     II. BUCKS COUNTY                                                161

    III. CHESTER COUNTY                                              175

     IV. LANCASTER COUNTY                                            183

      V. YORK COUNTY                                                 193

     VI. CUMBERLAND COUNTY                                           201

    VII. NORTHAMPTON COUNTY                                          207

   VIII. BERKS COUNTY                                                215

     IX. BEDFORD COUNTY                                              223

      X. NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY                                       227

     XI. WESTMORELAND COUNTY                                         231

    XII. WASHINGTON COUNTY                                           235

   XIII. FAYETTE COUNTY                                              241

    XIV. FRANKLIN COUNTY                                             247

     XV. MONTGOMERY COUNTY                                           253

    XVI. DAUPHIN COUNTY                                              271

   XVII. LUZERNE COUNTY                                              277

  XVIII. HUNTINGDON COUNTY                                           285

    XIX. ALLEGHENY COUNTY                                            289

     XX. MIFFLIN COUNTY                                              301

    XXI. DELAWARE COUNTY                                             307

   XXII. LYCOMING COUNTY                                             319

  XXIII. SOMERSET COUNTY                                             323

   XXIV. GREENE COUNTY                                               327

    XXV. WAYNE COUNTY                                                331

   XXVI. ADAMS COUNTY                                                337

  XXVII. CENTER COUNTY                                               341

 XXVIII. BEAVER COUNTY                                               347

   XXIX. CRAWFORD COUNTY                                             351

    XXX. ERIE COUNTY                                                 355

   XXXI. VENANGO COUNTY                                              363

  XXXII. WARREN COUNTY                                               367

 XXXIII. BUTLER COUNTY                                               371

  XXXIV. MERCER COUNTY                                               375

   XXXV. ARMSTRONG COUNTY                                            379

  XXXVI. INDIANA COUNTY                                              381

 XXXVII. CAMBRIA COUNTY                                              385

XXXVIII. CLEARFIELD COUNTY                                           391

  XXXIX. TIOGA COUNTY                                                395

     XL. MCKEAN COUNTY                                               399

    XLI. POTTER COUNTY                                               403

   XLII. JEFFERSON COUNTY                                            407

  XLIII. SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY                                          409

   XLIV. BRADFORD COUNTY                                             413

    XLV. SCHUYLKILL COUNTY                                           419

   XLVI. LEHIGH COUNTY                                               425

  XLVII. LEBANON COUNTY                                              429

 XLVIII. UNION COUNTY                                                433

   XLIX. COLUMBIA COUNTY                                             437

      L. PIKE COUNTY                                                 439

     LI. PERRY COUNTY                                                443

    LII. JUNIATA COUNTY                                              445

   LIII. MONROE COUNTY                                               449

    LIV. CLARION COUNTY                                              453

     LV. CLINTON COUNTY                                              455

    LVI. WYOMING COUNTY                                              461

   LVII. CARBON COUNTY                                               463

  LVIII. ELK COUNTY                                                  469

    LIX. BLAIR COUNTY                                                473

     LX. SULLIVAN COUNTY                                             477

    LXI. FOREST COUNTY                                               481

   LXII. LAWRENCE COUNTY                                             485

  LXIII. FULTON COUNTY                                               489

   LXIV. MONTOUR COUNTY                                              493

    LXV. SNYDER COUNTY                                               495

   LXVI. CAMERON COUNTY                                              501

  LXVII. LACKAWANNA COUNTY                                           505

BIBLIOGRAPHY                                                         509

ILLUSTRATIONS

READING THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE                    _Frontispiece_

                                                                    PAGE

FOURTH OF JULY IN CENTER SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA                         28

JOHN MARSHALL, CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE UNITED
STATES, 1808-1835, PHILADELPHIA                                       32

BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, PHILADELPHIA                                       34

CAPTAIN NICHOLAS BIDDLE, PHILADELPHIA                                 52

A QUIET HOUR, PHILADELPHIA                                            58

THE TRAGIC MUSE, PHILADELPHIA                                         66

BISHOP WILLIAM WHITE, PHILADELPHIA                                    86

THE DUCK GIRL, PHILADELPHIA                                          112

GEORGE WASHINGTON, PHILADELPHIA                                      116

BRONZE TABLET IN BOULDER, CHESTER COUNTY                             176

BAYARD TAYLOR MONUMENT, LONGWOOD, CHESTER
COUNTY                                                               180

MAIN BUILDING, FRANKLIN AND MARSHALL COLLEGE,
LANCASTER, LANCASTER COUNTY                                          186

CAVALRY STATUE, ERECTED IN 1904, CENTER SQUARE,
HANOVER, YORK COUNTY                                                 198

DICKINSON COLLEGE, “OLD WEST,” CARLISLE, CUMBERLAND
COUNTY                                                               204

THE JAIL, AT READING, BERKS COUNTY                                   216

TRINITY CHURCH, READING, BUILT IN 1791, BERKS
COUNTY                                                               220

THE VICTOR, FRANKLIN COUNTY                                          250

PERKIOMEN BRIDGE, BUILT IN 1798, COLLEGEVILLE,
MONTGOMERY COUNTY                                                    256

THE JOY AND BURDEN OF LIFE, DAUPHIN COUNTY                           274

GALLERY OF THE SCULPTURE HALL, CARNEGIE INSTITUTE,
PITTSBURGH, ALLEGHENY COUNTY                                         292

THE CROWNING OF LABOR, ALLEGHENY COUNTY                              296

THE BLOCK HOUSE, PITTSBURGH, ALLEGHENY COUNTY                        298

OLD STONE ARCH ON JACK’S CREEK, MIFFLIN COUNTY                       304

ALFRED O. DESHING MEMORIAL ART GALLERY,
CHESTER, DELAWARE COUNTY                                             310

LYCOMING CREEK NEAR WILLIAMSPORT, LYCOMING
COUNTY                                                               320

STEPPING STONES, KIMBERLY RIVER, SOMERSET COUNTY                     324

RIVERSIDE PARK, IRVING CLIFF, HONESDALE, WAYNE
COUNTY                                                               334

OLD PITTSBURGH AND PHILADELPHIA PIKE, ADAMS
COUNTY                                                               338

COURT HOUSE AND GOVERNOR CURTIN MEMORIAL,
BELLEFONTE, CENTER COUNTY                                            344

DRAKE MONUMENT WITH STATUE OF THE DRILLER,
TITUSVILLE, CRAWFORD COUNTY                                          354

WASHINGTON STATUE, ERIE COUNTY                                       358

IRON FURNACE, OIL CITY AND VICINITY, VENANGO
COUNTY                                                               366

VINEYARD HILL, BUTLER COUNTY                                         374

MURAL PAINTING IN THE DOME OF MERCER COUNTY
COURT HOUSE, MERCER COUNTY                                           376

THE DEVIL’S ELBOW, EAST OF INDIANA, INDIANA
COUNTY                                                               382

MONUMENT TO THE UNKNOWN DEAD OF THE JOHNSTOWN
FLOOD, CAMBRIA COUNTY                                                386

THE GAP BELOW JOHNSTOWN, CAMBRIA COUNTY                              388

ANTIQUE CAPITAL, CHESTER PLACE, WELLSBORO, TIOGA
COUNTY                                                               396

KINZUA BRIDGE, MCKEAN COUNTY                                         400

ON THE SINNEMAHONING CREEK, POTTER COUNTY                            404

DEFENSE OF THE FLAG, BRADFORD COUNTY                                 416

HENRY CLAY IRON MONUMENT, POTTSVILLE, SCHUYLKILL
COUNTY                                                               422

ZION REFORMED CHURCH, ALLENTOWN, SCHUYLKILL
COUNTY                                                               426

THE OLDEST CANAL TUNNEL IN THE UNITED STATES,
LEBANON COUNTY                                                       430

SAWKILL FALLS, MILFORD, PIKE COUNTY                                  442

THE SUSQUEHANNA TRAIL, CLINTON COUNTY                                456

ST. MARK’S PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH, MAUCH
CHUNK, CARBON COUNTY                                                 466

MAPS

                                                                    PAGE

PHILADELPHIA COUNTY                                                   25

COLONIAL WALKS NO. 1                                                  27

COLONIAL WALKS NO. 2                                                  36

GERMANTOWN                                                           146

BUCKS COUNTY                                                         162

CHESTER COUNTY                                                       174

LANCASTER COUNTY                                                     184

YORK COUNTY                                                          192

CUMBERLAND COUNTY                                                    200

NORTHAMPTON COUNTY                                                   208

BERKS COUNTY                                                         214

BEDFORD COUNTY                                                       222

NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY                                                226

WESTMORELAND COUNTY                                                  232

WASHINGTON COUNTY                                                    236

FAYETTE COUNTY                                                       242

FRANKLIN COUNTY                                                      246

MONTGOMERY COUNTY                                                    254

DAUPHIN COUNTY                                                       272

LUZERNE COUNTY                                                       278

HUNTINGDON COUNTY                                                    284

ALLEGHENY COUNTY                                                     290

MIFFLIN COUNTY                                                       302

DELAWARE COUNTY                                                      306

LYCOMING COUNTY                                                      318

SOMERSET COUNTY                                                      322

GREENE COUNTY                                                        328

WAYNE COUNTY                                                         332

ADAMS COUNTY                                                         336

CENTER COUNTY                                                        342

BEAVER COUNTY                                                        346

CRAWFORD COUNTY                                                      350

ERIE COUNTY                                                          356

VENANGO COUNTY                                                       364

WARREN COUNTY                                                        368

BUTLER COUNTY                                                        370

MERCER COUNTY                                                        376

ARMSTRONG COUNTY                                                     378

INDIANA COUNTY                                                       382

CAMBRIA COUNTY                                                       386

CLEARFIELD COUNTY                                                    390

TIOGA COUNTY                                                         394

MCKEAN COUNTY                                                        400

POTTER COUNTY                                                        402

JEFFERSON COUNTY                                                     406

SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY                                                   410

BRADFORD COUNTY                                                      412

SCHUYLKILL COUNTY                                                    418

LEHIGH COUNTY                                                        424

LEBANON COUNTY                                                       430

UNION COUNTY                                                         434

COLUMBIA COUNTY                                                      436

PIKE COUNTY                                                          440

PERRY COUNTY                                                         444

JUNIATA COUNTY                                                       446

MONROE COUNTY                                                        448

CLARION COUNTY                                                       452

CLINTON COUNTY                                                       456

WYOMING COUNTY                                                       460

CARBON COUNTY                                                        464

ELK COUNTY                                                           468

BLAIR COUNTY                                                         472

SULLIVAN COUNTY                                                      478

FOREST COUNTY                                                        480

LAWRENCE COUNTY                                                      484

FULTON COUNTY                                                        490

MONTOUR COUNTY                                                       492

SNYDER COUNTY                                                        496

CAMERON COUNTY                                                       500

LACKAWANNA COUNTY                                                    504

PHILADELPHIA HISTORIC FIRSTS

The first parks in North America provided for the pleasure of the people
were dedicated by William Penn at the settlement of Philadelphia in
1682. They were the North Eastern, South Eastern, North Western, South
Western, and Centre Squares, now known respectively as Franklin,
Washington, Logan, Rittenhouse, and Penn Squares.

In a letter dated 1683, William Penn alludes to the glass-house of the
Free Society of Traders. Soon after this a glass-house was erected at
Frankford by English Friends.

The first almanac printed in America was “Kalendarium Pennsilvaniense,
or, America’s Messinger. Being an Almanack for the Year of Grace, 1686.”
It was edited by Samuel Atkins, and published by William Bradford, 1685.

The first paper mill in America was built by William Rittenhouse, on the
banks of the Wissahickon Creek, in the year 1690.

“A new Primmer or Methodical Direction to attain the True Spelling,
Reading and Writing of English.” This was the first American school
textbook; though it was published in New York in 1698, its author was
Francis Daniel Pastorius, founder of Germantown.

The first presbytery of the Presbyterian Church in the United States was
formed in Philadelphia in 1705. It was composed of seven ministers, and
included Philadelphia, Maryland, Delaware, and the Eastern shore of
Virginia.

The first botanical garden in America was started in 1705 by Dr.
Christopher Witt, at the southeast corner of Germantown Avenue and High
Street. John Bartram began his famous gardens in 1728 at Gray’s Ferry on
the Schuylkill River.

The first Mennonite Church in America was erected in Germantown, at
Germantown Avenue and Herman Street, the first service being held
therein, May 23, 1708.

The first institution in America for the care of the poor was the
Friends’ Almshouse, established in Philadelphia in 1713.

First municipal care of the poor in the United States was begun by the
City of Philadelphia in a rented building September 1, 1713; the first
building was erected in 1731.

The first Dunkard (Tunker) Church in America was formed in Germantown,
December 25, 1723, at Germantown Avenue and Upsal Street. The first
love-feast celebrated in this country was observed by them the same
evening.

The first association for the benefit of workers (or labor organization)
in America was the “Carpenters’ Company,” established in Philadelphia,
in 1724.

The first mariner’s quadrant, invented by Thomas Godfrey, a glazier, of
Nineteenth Street and Church Lane, Germantown, was made in 1730. First
used in Delaware Bay by Joshua Fisher.

In 1727 a literary society was formed here by Franklin and eleven
associates. This was the famous “Junto,” and from it originated the
Library Company of Philadelphia, the first library of a public nature in
America. The instrument of association was dated July 1, 1731, and the
charter granted by the proprietary May 3, 1742.

The first club in America organized as a dining and fishing club was the
“Colony in Schuylkill,” 1732. The name was afterwards changed to the
“State in Schuylkill.”

The first German newspaper in America was _Die Philadelphische Zeitung_,
published by Benjamin Franklin, May 6, 1732. There were but two numbers
issued.

The first type made in America was made by Christopher Saur, the
Germantown printer, in 1735.

The first volunteer fire company in America, “The Union Fire Company,”
was founded by Franklin and four associates, December 7, 1736. It lasted
for eighty-four years.

February 13, 1741, _The American Magazine, or a Monthly View of the
Political State of the British Colonies_, was published by Andrew
Bradford. This was the first magazine published in America. Three days
later, February 16, 1741, Franklin issued _The General Magazine and
Historical Chronicle for all the British Plantations in America_.

The first German Bible printed in America was by Christopher Saur, in
Germantown, 1743. Saur also published the New Testament in German. He
issued seven editions in the years 1745, 1747, 1748, 1751.

The first institution in America devoted to science and learning was the
“American Philosophical Society,” organized in 1743. By Articles of
Agreement, dated January 2, 1769, there took place a union between this
society and “The American Society for Promoting and Propagating Useful
Knowledge, held at Philadelphia,” the latter an outgrowth of the famous
“Junto” established by Franklin and his associates in 1727. From the
date of union until the present time but one society has existed, known
as the “American Philosophical Society.”

The first lightning rod was placed upon the home of its inventor,
Benjamin Franklin, at 141 (now 325) Market Street, in 1749.

In December, 1749, certain Scotchmen living in Philadelphia organized
the “St. Andrew’s Society at Philadelphia in Pensilvania.” The object of
the society was the relief of poor and distressed Scotsmen. It was the
first organization of the kind in this country.

The first hospital in America was “The Pennsylvania Hospital,” chartered
by Assembly of Pennsylvania, May 11, 1751.

The first American work on botany was by John Bartram and was published
in 1751. Its title was “Observations on the Inhabitants, Climate, Soil,
Divers Productions, Animals, etc., made in his travels from Pennsylvania
to Onondaga, Oswego, and the Lake Ontario.”

The first fire insurance company in America was the “Philadelphia
Contributionship for the Insurance of Houses from Loss by Fire.” It was
organized April 13, 1752, and twelve directors chosen at that time, who
held their first meeting May 11, 1752. At this meeting was adopted the
well-known seal which has given the company its nickname of
“Hand-in-Hand.”

The first expedition fitted out in the United States for Arctic
exploration and the discovery of a northwest passage, sailed from
Philadelphia on the schooner _Argo_, Captain Charles Swaine, March 8,
1753.

The first cartoon published in America was the famous snake divided into
eight parts, representing the colonies: New England, New York, New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and South
Carolina, and bore the motto, “Join or die.” It was published by
Benjamin Franklin in “The Pennsylvania Gazette,” May 9, 1754, and was
called forth by the massacres of colonists in the French and Indian
wars.

The first life insurance company in this country was the “Presbyterian
Ministers’ Fund of Philadelphia,” founded in 1759.

The first mention of Shakespeare (discovered to date, April, 1916) in
any American work occurs in “Science, A Poem,” by Francis Hopkinson.
Published by William Dunlap in Philadelphia, 1762.

The first night school in America was opened in the Germantown Academy,
October 14, 1762. The sessions were from 6.00 p. m. to 9.00 p. m., each
scholar to find his own candle and pay 2 shillings 6 pence for firewood;
the compensation was 10 shillings per quarter.

The first observatory erected in this America was on South Street near
Front, and was built for Mason and Dixon in 1763.

The first religious magazine in America was the “Geistliches Magazine,”
published by Christopher Saur in 1764.

The first medical school in America was begun by the University of
Pennsylvania, May 3, 1765. The first medical commencement was held June
21, 1768, when ten students were given degrees.

“Captains of Ships Charitable Club” was instituted July 4, 1765, and
incorporated February 4, 1770, as “The Society for the Relief of Poor
and Distressed Masters of Ships, their Widows and Children.” This was
the first society of its kind organized in America.

The first permanent theatre in America was the “Southwark Theatre,”
erected at South and Leithgow Streets, Philadelphia. It was opened by
David Douglass, November 21, 1766.

The first American play was “The Prince of Parthia,” by Thomas Godfrey,
Jr., a young Philadelphia poet, and the son of the inventor of the
mariner’s quadrant. It was produced at the Southwark Theatre, April 23,
1767.

The first American publication on pedagogy was “A Simple and Thoroughly
Prepared School-Management,” by Christopher Dock, “the pious
schoolmaster of Skippack.” It was published in Germantown by Christopher
Saur, 1770.

“The Pennsylvania Packet; and the General Advertiser,” was first issued
October 28, 1771. This was a weekly publication printed by John Dunlap.
In 1784, Dunlap had taken as his partner David C. Claypoole, and on
Tuesday, September 21, 1784, they issued “The Pennsylvania Packet, and
Daily Advertiser.” This was the first daily newspaper published in
America.

The first active protest against the importation of tea, on account of
the obnoxious tax, occurred in Philadelphia (not Boston) in 1773. An
immense meeting was held in the State House Yard October 16, 1773.
Under date of November 27, 1773, a broadside was issued warning against
an attempt to land any of the objectionable article. On Christmas Day
the ship _Polly_, Captain Ayres, reached Chester. Captain Ayres was
brought to Philadelphia and informed of the situation. On December 27th
he started on his return trip to England, taking his cargo of tea with
him. The people of Boston held their tea party December 16, 1773, and
cast the tea into the harbor, thus entailing a heavy loss upon the
innocent merchants.

“The Garden of the Soul: Or, a Manual of Spiritual Exercises and
Instructions for Christians who (living in the World) aspire to
Devotion.” London; Printed. Philadelphia: Re-printed, by Joseph
Cruikshank, on Market Street, between Second and Third Streets (1774).
This was the first Roman Catholic prayer book printed in English in
America.

“The Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery” was founded in
Philadelphia in 1774. It was the first society in the country formed for
this purpose. It was reorganized February 10, 1784, as the “Pennsylvania
Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery and for the Relief of
Free Negroes Unlawfully held in Bondage, and for Improving the Condition
of the African Race.”

The earliest mention of the manufacture of carpets in this country is
that of William Calverly of Loxley’s Court, date supposed to be 1774.

The first joint-stock company formed for the manufacture of cotton was
the “United Company of Philadelphia for Promoting American
Manufactures.” The first general meeting was held February 22, 1775,
and Dr. Benjamin Rush was elected president. This is believed to be the
first joint-stock company for any kind of manufactures in this country.

The first piano made in the United States was in 1776, by John Behrent,
Jr., joiner, on Third Street below Brown.

The first United States flag is believed to have been made in
Philadelphia in 1777.

In 1780 was the first abolition act of America providing slavery be
abolished in Pennsylvania.

July 17, 1780, the “Pennsylvania Bank” opened for business. This was the
first bank in the United States, and existed until 1784. “The President,
Directors, and Company of the Bank of North America” was chartered by
the Continental Congress, December 31, 1781. This bank is still in
existence and is the only bank in the United States operating under the
National Banking Act which is not required to carry the word “National”
in its official title.

The first Bible in English produced by an American press was the work of
Robert Aitken, the Philadelphia printer, in 1782. It was issued in two
volumes. On the back of the title page of the first volume of the copy
in the British Museum is this note, in the handwriting of Robert Aitken:
“The first copy of the first edition of the Bible ever printed in
America in the English language, is presented to Ebenezer Hazard, Esq.,
by the Editor.”

The “Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture,” formed in 1785 and
incorporated in February, 1809, was the first agricultural organization
in this country. Its membership was limited to farmers only.

The first General Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the
United States was held in Christ Church, Philadelphia, September 27 to
October 7, 1785. There were present delegates from seven states, and it
was at this convention that the Church was organized in America, and the
changes made in the Prayer Book necessary for its use in the new nation.
Rev. William White, D.D., was chosen president of the convention.

The first free dispensary in the United States devoted to the relief of
the sick and suffering was the Philadelphia Dispensary, founded January,
1786. It was opened in Strawberry Alley, April 12, 1786. It is still in
existence, and is located at 127 South Fifth Street.

First steamboat in the world was built by John Fitch, a Philadelphian.
The boat was successfully operated on the Delaware River, July 26, 1786.
Another boat, 80 feet long, was built, and on October 12, 1788,
successfully made the trip from Philadelphia to Burlington, carrying
thirty passengers.

The first “College of Physicians” in America was formed in Philadelphia,
January 2, 1787.

The first Roman Catholic Church for Germans was organized in
Philadelphia in 1787. Ground for a building was purchased at the
northwest corner of Sixth and Spruce Streets. Articles of incorporation
were granted October 4, 1788, under the title of “The Trustees of the
German Religious Society of Roman Catholics, called the Church of the
Holy Trinity in the City of Philadelphia.”

The first medical library in the United States was established in
connection with the College of Physicians in Philadelphia, in April,
1788.

“The Free African Society” was founded April 12, 1788, by Absalom Jones
and Richard Allen, two negro clergymen of Philadelphia. The “African
Church,” the first church in America exclusively for and controlled
entirely by negroes, was built by this Society, and opened for public
worship July 17, 1794. It was incorporated March 28, 1796, as “The
Minister, Church Wardens and Vestrymen of the African Episcopal Church
of St. Thomas, in the City of Philadelphia.”

In 1789, Lucian’s “Dialogues,” first Greek book printed in America, was
by Joseph James at Philadelphia.

The Philadelphia Stock Exchange, the first in America, originated in
1790, in a building at the southwest corner of Front and Market Streets,
known as the “London Coffee House.” It was known as the “Philadelphia
Board of Brokers” until the 8th of December, 1875, when it was changed
to its present name, “The Philadelphia Stock Exchange.”

The first law school in America was opened by the University of
Pennsylvania, December 15, 1790, President Washington and the members of
his cabinet taking part in the exercises.

Turkish and Axminster carpets were first made in this country in 1791,
by William Peter Sprague, in the Northern Liberties.

First Bank of the United States, was established in Philadelphia,
February 25, 1791.

The first patents for machines for threshing grain in the world were
awarded to Samuel Mulliken, of Philadelphia, March 11, 1791.

In 1791, Charles Willson Peale established a drawing school, which was
succeeded in 1794 by “The Columbianum,” also established by Charles
Willson Peale. This was the first society in the United States for the
promotion of the fine arts.

The first canal in the United States was the “Schuylkill and Susquehanna
Navigation Company,” chartered here in 1791. There were 2000 shares of
stock at two hundred dollars per share, and the officers were Robert
Morris, president; Timothy Matlack, secretary; and Tench Francis,
treasurer.

The first United States Mint was built in Philadelphia, at what is now
37 and 39 North Seventh Street. The corner stone was laid July 31, 1792,
and the first coins, consisting of dimes, half-dimes and cents, were
struck in October of the same year. David Rittenhouse, a Philadelphian,
was the first director.

The first company organized in America to do a marine insurance business
was the “Insurance Company of North America,” organized March, 1792,
though it did not receive a charter until April 14, 1794. In spite of
the fact that the granting of the charter was delayed, the company
commenced doing business immediately after its organization in 1792, and
there is recorded the payment of the first loss June 10, 1793, and the
first dividend on its stock was paid in January, 1794.

“The Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike Company,” the first constructed
in the United States. The organization of the company was effected in
1792, under authority granted by the Legislature. The road was
completed in May, 1796. The first regular stage left Lancaster at five
o’clock in the evening, and reached Philadelphia at five o’clock the
next morning, bringing ten passengers. The original officers of the
company were William Bingham, president; William Moore Smith, secretary;
and Tench Francis, treasurer.

The first successful balloon ascension in America was made from the old
jail yard at the southeast corner of Sixth and Walnut Streets, January
9, 1793, by the French aëronaut, J. P. Blanchard.

Sulphuric acid (oil of vitriol) was first made in America by John
Harrison in 1793. He was also the first to attempt to produce nitric
acid.

“The Female Society for the Relief of the Distressed” was the first
society organized in this country for the temporary assistance of the
distressed. It was formed in November, 1793; and the first meeting was
held in the house of Isaac Parrish, at the southeast corner of Second
Street and Pewterplatter Alley.

Ice cream was first made in this country by Peter Bossu, a Frenchman,
who settled in Philadelphia in 1794. The first advertisement of ice
cream appears in _The Aurora_ for July 22, 1800.

The first printing press made in America was constructed by Adam Ramage,
in 1795.

“The United States Gazetteer,” the first in this country, was compiled
by Joseph Scott, and printed by Bailey at 116 Market Street,
Philadelphia, in the year 1795.

The “First American Edition” of Shakespeare’s complete works was issued
in Philadelphia in 1795, by Bioren and Madan.

To “Ambroise & Company,” Mulberry Street (now Arch Street), between
Eighth and Ninth, belongs the honor of being the first in America to
manufacture inflammable gas and exhibit the effect of gas light. This
exhibition took place in August, 1796, in connection with a pyrotechnic
display.

Philadelphia introduced the first municipal water works in America,
using a steam pump. Ground was broken March 12, 1799; the first brick
was laid May 2, 1799; the first pipe (which was of wood) was put in
place June 18, 1799; and the same day was begun the foundation of the
engine house in Centre Square. The first water was sent through the
pipes January 27, 1801.

The first person to make “artificial mineral water,” or soda water, in
America, was John Hart, a Philadelphia druggist. He did this about the
beginning of the Nineteenth century (exact date not known), at the
suggestion of Dr. Physick, to imitate waters found in certain mineral
springs.

The first United States Navy Yard was established in Philadelphia in
1800. It occupied about twelve acres and extended from Prime Street (now
Washington Avenue) to Wharton Street, and from Front Street to the
Delaware River. In 1875 it was moved to League Island and the old
property sold.

The first frigate of the United States Navy, the _Philadelphia_, was
built in 1800, by Joshua Humphreys, near Washington Avenue.

The first mercurials made in the United States were produced in 1801 by
Dr. Adam Seybert, a druggist, whose shop was at 168 North Second Street.

The oxy-hydrogen blowpipe was invented in 1801, by Professor Robert Hare
of Philadelphia.

Charles Eneu Johnson, in 1804, produced the first printing ink made in
America. His firm is still in business and is known as Charles Eneu
Johnson & Company.

The first land steam carriage, or automobile, in the world was invented
by Oliver Evans, in 1804. The Eruktor Amphibolis, a machine for cleaning
docks, mounted on a wagon, was propelled along Market Street, from
Centre Square to the Schuylkill River. At the river a stern wheel was
attached and the vessel launched; the machine was navigated by steam on
the Schuylkill and Delaware rivers, and was used to deepen the docks.

In 1804, Samuel Wetherill and his son, Samuel, Jr., erected a white lead
manufactory at the northwest corner of Broad and Chestnut Streets, and
it was here that the first white lead in this country was produced.
English manufacturers were so opposed to this industry being established
in the United States that they sent an emissary to this country, who
destroyed the works by fire. They were rebuilt in 1808 at Twelfth and
Cherry Streets, and in 1847 moved to West Philadelphia on the banks of
the Schuylkill, where the business is still carried on by the fifth
succeeding generation.

The first commission house in the United States for the sale of American
manufactures was established in Philadelphia, in 1805, by Elijah Waring.

The first institution in the United States for the teaching of art was
the “Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts.” The Articles of Agreement
were signed December 26, 1805, by seventy-one citizens. George Clymer
was chosen president. The charter was granted March 28, 1806, and it was
opened to the public in 1807.

The first orphan society in the United States was the “Roman Catholic
Society of St. Joseph for Educating and Maintaining Poor Orphan
Children.” It was organized by Rev. Leonard Neale, in 1806, and received
a charter the following year.

The first riveted hose for fire use in the United States was made in
Philadelphia in 1808.

“American Ornithology” was the work of Alexander Wilson, a resident of
Philadelphia. Eight volumes were issued, the first in September, 1808.
It was published in Philadelphia by Bradford, and was the first book
upon ornithology published in this country.

The first American shot was made in Philadelphia, two towers being
completed at practically the same time. The advertisements appear under
the following dates:

    Bishop & Sparks, October 20, 1808.
    Paul Beck, October 27, 1808.

The first Bible Society in America was instituted December 12, 1808, and
was incorporated January 30, 1810, as the “Bible Society of
Philadelphia.” By an amendment to the charter, dated March 7, 1840, the
name was changed to the “Pennsylvania Bible Society,” which name has
been retained to the present day.

The first cotton goods printed from engraved cylinders in the United
States were produced near Germantown in 1809 by Thorp, Siddall & Co.,
from cylinders brought from England.

The first experimental railroad track in the United States was
constructed by Somerville, a Scotch millwright, for Thomas Leiper of
Philadelphia, and laid down in the yard of the Bull’s Head Tavern, on
Second Street above Callowhill, in the Northern Liberties. It was
sixty-four feet in length. The test was made July 31, 1809, and was so
successful that Leiper had a railroad constructed at his quarries on
Crum Creek, in Delaware County, September, 1809. This was the first
practical railroad built in the United States.

First institution in the United States chartered to do a trust business
was the “Pennsylvania Company for Insurances on Lives and Granting
Annuities.” Application for charter made January, 1810; refused by the
House of Representatives, but finally granted March 10, 1812.

The first chemical society in America was the “Columbian Chemical
Society,” formed in Philadelphia in 1811.

The first soup society in America was the “Northern Soup Society,” on
Fourth Street above Brown, formed January, 1817.

The “Academy of Natural Sciences” was the first of its kind in the
United States. It was organized January 25, 1812, by John Speakman,
Jacob Gilliams, and four others. The society was incorporated by the
Pennsylvania Legislature, March 24, 1817.

The first lithograph published in the United States was a portrait of
Rev. Abner Kneeland, by Bass Otis, in 1818.

John Farr, a chemist of Philadelphia, in 1818 introduced into this
country the manufacture of Seidlitz powders. He associated with him in
business Abram Kunzi, and as Farr & Kunzi, located on Arch Street
near Twelfth, they manufactured the first quinine in the United
States. This firm, by various steps, has become a part of the
Powers-Weightman-Rosengarten Company.

First savings bank, the “Philadelphia Saving Fund Society,” commenced
business December 2, 1816. Chartered February 25, 1819.

The first church in the world for seamen was erected in Philadelphia
about 1820, under the leadership of Rev. Robert Eastburn. It was known
as the “Mariner’s Bethel.”

The “Philadelphia Law Library,” first in the United States, was
established in 1821, under the auspices of “The Society for the
Promotion of Legal Knowledge and Forensic Eloquence.”

The “Philadelphia College of Pharmacy” was the first institution of its
kind in the world. The organization meeting was held in Carpenters’
Hall, February 23, 1821. Instruction was begun in the fall of the same
year, with Charles Marshall as president of the institution. The charter
was granted March 30, 1822.

The first engraved cylinders for calico printing made in the United
States were made in Philadelphia, in 1822, by David H. Mason and Matthew
W. Baldwin.

In 1827, William Ellis Tucker, of Philadelphia, was the first in America
to manufacture porcelain and chinaware. In 1831 he started the first
American queensware factory.

The Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, the first of its kind in
America, was organized at a meeting held in the hall of the Franklin
Institute, Seventh Street below Market, November 24, 1827. It was
incorporated March 23, 1831.

The first one-cent newspaper in the country was _The Cent_, published in
1830, by Dr. Christopher Columbus Conwell, at Second and Dock Streets,
Philadelphia.

The first building and loan association in the United States was the
“Oxford Provident and Building Association,” organized in Frankford in
1831. The officers were Isaac Whitelock, president; Isaac Shallcross,
secretary; and Samuel Pilling, treasurer.

In 1832, George D. Rosengarten made the first morphine in the United
States.

The first public high school in the United States was established in
Philadelphia in 1836. The first building was erected in 1837-38 on
Juniper Street fronting on Penn Square, now occupied by the Wanamaker
Store. The school was opened October 26, 1838, when a class of
sixty-three pupils was admitted.

The first daguerreotype portrait in America was made in Philadelphia by
Robert Cornelius, November, 1839, at 710 Chestnut. (Portrait of
himself.)

The first homeopathic medical college in the world, the “North American
College of Homeopathic Medicine,” was organized in Allentown, Pa., in
1835. The second was the “Homeopathic Medical College of Philadelphia,”
organized in 1848. The next in order was the “Washington Medical College
of Philadelphia,” chartered May 2, 1853. This last named institution
changed its name, July 17, 1867, to the “Hahnemann Medical College of
Philadelphia.” The first of these institutions lasted a very short time;
and by act of Legislature, dated April 2, 1869, the second and third
were united under the title of the “Hahnemann Medical College of
Pennsylvania.” This institution can thus claim to be the oldest of its
kind in the world, and though not technically the first, it is
practically so.

The first American grand opera, “Leonora,” was composed by William H.
Fry, a Philadelphian; the words were written by his brother, Joseph R.
Fry. It was produced at the Chestnut Street Theatre, June 4, 1845, by
Pratt & Wemyss.

The first free college for orphan boys in the United States was
established in Philadelphia under the will of Stephen Girard. Girard
College was opened January 1, 1848, with a class of one hundred boys.

The first comic weekly in America was _The John Donkey_, edited by
Thomas Dunn English and G. G. Foster. Illustrated by F. O. C. Darley and
Henry L. Stephens. Published in Philadelphia by G. B. Zieber & Company,
1848.

“The Woman’s Medical College of Pennsylvania” is the oldest college in
the world organized to train women in the medical profession. It was
incorporated March 11, 1850.

The Spring Garden Institute, the first of the mechanics institutes in
the United States, was chartered April 12, 1851. The corner-stone of the
building was laid July 8, 1851, and the building was dedicated November
12, 1852.

The first English translation of the Hebrew Bible published in America
was the result of eighteen years’ work of Rev. Isaac Leeser. It was
published in Philadelphia in 1854.

The first Republican National Convention met in Musical Fund Hall, June
18, 1856, with Henry S. Lane, of Indiana, as Chairman. John C. Fremont
was nominated for president of the United States, and William L. Dayton,
of New Jersey, for vice-president.

The process of sugar-coating pills was begun in 1856 by William R.
Warner & Co., manufacturing chemists of Philadelphia. This was done in a
pan suspended by a chain over a charcoal fire. The original pan is still
preserved by the firm.

The first society in America distinctively devoted to numismatic
research was the “Numismatic Society,” organized in Philadelphia,
December 27, 1857, by seven men. It received its charter February 19,
1858. On March 23, 1865, the name was changed to “The Numismatic and
Antiquarian Society.”

The “Zoölogical Society” was incorporated in 1859; and in Fairmount
Park, north of the Spring Garden Water Works, began the first zoölogical
garden in the United States. They later moved across the river to their
present site, and the new buildings and grounds were opened to the
public July 1, 1874.

April 8, 1861, John Wanamaker opened a men’s clothing store at Sixth and
Market Streets. Fifteen years later, 1876, having been removed to
Thirteenth and Market Streets, it had “six departments for the
outfitting of men and boys.” On March 12, 1877, it was resolved into a
general store having sixteen departments covering all classes of dry
goods. This is believed to have been the first “department store” in the
United States, probably in the world. This same store, in 1865, made
the first announcements of the “one price system,” and that anything
sold could be brought back for refund of money. The Wanamaker store at
Thirteenth and Market Streets was lighted by electricity on the night
after Christmas, 1878, being the first store ever so lighted.

First bank chartered under the National Banking Act, the “First National
Bank of Philadelphia,” June 20, 1863. The first “National Currency” was
issued by this bank.

The first Stock Exchange Clearing House in the United States was
established here in August, 1870.

The first organization in the world for the insurance of real estate
titles was “The Real Estate Title Insurance Company of Philadelphia,”
chartered March 28, 1876. By an amendment to the charter, under date of
December 3, 1881, the title was changed to “The Real Estate Title
Insurance and Trust Company of Philadelphia.”

The first international fair held in this country was the Centennial
Exhibition held in Philadelphia, May 10 to November 10, 1876. It is the
only fair of its kind that has paid its own expenses, and received no
appropriation from Congress.

Philadelphia is known as the city of the Easter lily. It was brought
from Bermuda in 1879 by Mrs. Mary Rogers, who propagated it until in
three years there were 100 specimens; then William K. Harris, a florist,
Fifty-sixth Street and Springfield Avenue, introduced it in both
Philadelphia and New York.

The Philadelphia Bourse, the first and, as yet, the only one in the
United States, was chartered June 25, 1891, and completed and opened for
business October 1, 1895.

The “Wistar Institute of Anatomy,” founded in 1892, by General Isaac
Wistar, and connected with the University of Pennsylvania, is the first
anatomical and neurological institute established in the United States.

Philadelphia was the first city to inaugurate a service by pneumatic
tubes for the general carriage of firstclass mail. A six-inch tube
connecting the Bourse station with the Central Post Office at Ninth
Street was put in service February 17, 1893, and is still in operation.
Eight-inch tubes have been used in lines since installed, and have a
capacity of 7,200,000 letters per day each way.

The first concrete arch highway bridge in the United States was built in
1893 by the City of Philadelphia at Pine Road over the Pennypack Creek.

The first institution established in the United States for the
advancement of business and trade in all branches, both domestic and
foreign, was the “Commercial Museum.” It was projected by Dr. William P.
Wilson, and established by ordinance of Philadelphia City Council,
approved June 15, 1894.

The first successful electric automobile was designed and built by two
Philadelphians, Henry G. Morris and Pedro G. Salom. It was patented
August 31, 1894.

The first hospital train sent out during the Spanish War, for the relief
of the fever-stricken soldiers in the mobilization camps, was sent by
the University of Pennsylvania, and the soldiers were brought to and
treated in the Hospital of that institution. This train left
Philadelphia August 17, 1898.

The first Automatic Restaurant (Automat) in America was opened June 9,
1902, at 818 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, by the Horn & Hardart Baking
Co.

THE COMMOMWEALTH, OR STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA (PENN’S WOODS)

With a royal grant for 40,000 square miles of land in the New World,
William Penn, thirty-eight years old, came up the Delaware River in 1682
and landed at the Blue Anchor Inn, built by the Swedes in 1636. The
state now covers 45,126 square miles.

No eastern state contains forests of such varied and abundant timber, or
extensive mineral deposits. According to official reports of the state
geologist, one and one-third billion dollars’ worth of mineral products
were taken from below ground in 1916; of these coal is the greatest
wealth producer, over $1,000,000,000 annually, the production being
nearly one-half that of the entire United States; the supply is still
ample and new fields are being opened. Over $100,000,000 in coke; and
more than $42,000,000 in its by-products. Petroleum counts for
$26,000,000. Gold, silver, platinum, and asbestos are found in small
quantities. Natural gas has been used in this state for manufacturing
purposes since 1874. This is the greatest manufacturing region in the
world, and has the richest agricultural land in the United States.
Pennsylvania stands first among the states in the Union in the number of
towns over 5000 in population, making it a remarkable selling market.
PHILADELPHIA, the chief city, and third in population, 1,823,779, in the
United

[Illustration: PHILADELPHIA COUNTY

SCALE IN MILES
0  4  8  12  16

MONTGOMERY CO.
BUCKS CO.
DELAWARE CO.
PHILADELPHIA
NEW JERSEY

DELAWARE RIVER
POQUESSING CR.
PENNYPACK CR.
WISSAHICKON CR.
SCHUYLKILL RIVER
COBBS CR.

SOMERTON
BUSTLETON
FOXCHASE
CHESTNUT HILL
MT. AIRY
OAKLANE
GERMANTOWN
MANAYUNK
OLNEY
TORRESDALE
HOLMESBURG
FRANKFORD
W. PARK
NICETOWN
BRIDESBURG
KENSINGTON
LOGAN
CAMDEN FERRY
KINGSESSING
WOODLAND AVE.
PASCALVILLE
SOUTHWARK
PASSYUNK
FT. BREEZE
L.I.

GERMANTOWN AVE.
LANCASTER AVE.
MARKET ST.
BALTIMORE AVE.
WOODLAND AVE.
BROAD ST.
] States, is on the site of a village of the Lenni Lenape or Delaware
Indians, called Coaquanarck. Through William Penn’s liberal policy to
early settlers, and later being the seat of government of the United
States, many national institutions were originated here, and many more
historical buildings are here than in any other city in America. It
comprises the whole of Philadelphia County, and has a distinctive
character of its own, reminiscent of the old Quaker life, which is given
in this book in two Colonial Walks; the Revolutionary Period is given in
automobile routes, framed on Washington’s itinerary; and modern
institutions, many of them continuing from colonial times, are in
chapters, schools, galleries and museums, hospitals, libraries, music,
churches. Philadelphia was the leader in the fight for “Liberty of
Conscience.”

The obvious picturesqueness of Philadelphia is in the Pennsylvania
Hospital, Independence Hall, Christ Church, Old Swedes’, St. Peter’s.
Down in lower Spruce Street and neighboring streets are beautiful
colonial houses, stately doorways, decorative ironwork, dormer windows,
great gables, facing each other at street corners in harmonious
proportions. In not another town were the old streets so well worth
keeping unchanged. The early Friends, when they left England, packed up,
with their “Liberty of Conscience,” the love of beauty in architecture
and the money to pay for it. In a fine period of English architecture,
they got good English architects--Wren is said to have been of the
number--to design, not only their public buildings, but their private
houses; and carried over in their personal baggage, paneling, carvings,
ironwork, furniture and the various details they were not likely to
procure in Philadelphia.

Long straight lines of streets give the town serenity and repose.

             8ᵗʰ   7ᵗʰ    6ᵗʰ    5ᵗʰ    4ᵗʰ    3ʳᵈ   2ʳᵈ  FRONT WATER DELAWARE

        +----+----+-----+----+-----+----+----+----+-----+--------+ {
RACE    |    |    |  12 |    | 11  |    |    |    |     |        | {
CHERRY  +    |    |     |    |     |    |    |    |     |        | {
        +----+----+-----+----+-----+----+----+----+-----+--------+ {
ARCH    |  15| 16 |     |    |     | 9  |    |    |     |        | {
        +----+----+-----+----+----------+----+----+-----+--------+ {
        |    |    |   14| 13 | 10  |   8|    |    |     |        | { DELAWARE
MARKET  |    | 17 |     |    |     |   7|    |    |     |        | {  RIVER
        +----+----+-----+----------+----+----+----+-----+--------+ {
        |  20|    |18 19|    |     |    |    |    |     |        | {
CHESTNUT|    | 21 |     |    |    6|    |    |    |     |        | {
        -----+----+-----+----+-----+----+----+----+-----+--------+ {
SANSOM  |    |    |  1  | 4  |     |    |    |    |     |        | {
        +----+----+    3|----+ 5---+----+----+----+-----+--------+ {
WALNUT  |    |    |  2  |    |     |    |    |    |     |        | {
        +----+----+-----+----+-----+----+----+----+-----+--------+ {

1. Independence Hall. 2. Independence Square. 3. Philosophical Society.
4. U.S. Custom House. 5. Carpenters’ Hall. 6. Bank of North America. 7.
Christ Church. 8. Site St. George and the Dragon Inn. 9. Betsey Ross
House. 10. Friends’ Meeting House. 11. St. George’s M. E. Church. 12.
St. John’s Lutheran Church. 13. Christ Church Burial Ground. 14. Free
Quaker Building. 15. Fort Rittenhouse. 16. Mikveh Israel Synagogue. 17.
First U. S. Mint. 18. Site Robert Morris Residence. 19. Site President
Washington’s Residence. 20. Site Pennsylvania National Bank. 21.
Franklin Institute.]

COLONIAL PHILADELPHIA, WALK NO. 1

The Quaker City; Penn’s “Green country towne.”

Start at the STATE HOUSE, called INDEPENDENCE HALL in 1776; open free 9
A.M. to 4 P.M.; south side of Chestnut Street between Fifth and Sixth.
The most interesting building historically in the United States.
Architect, Andrew Hamilton, speaker in the Assembly; Georgian, brick;
erected for the Province of Pennsylvania as a Colonial State House.
Tower has wooden cupola built in 1828, containing clock and bell,
presented to the City by Henry Seybert, in 1876.

First occupied by the Assembly in 1735. Second Continental Congress met
here May 10, 1775. George Washington was chosen Commander in Chief of
the Continental Army June 15, 1775. Declaration of Independence approved
July 4, 1776. Articles of Confederation and perpetual union between the
States were adopted and signed July 9, 1778. Constitution of the United
States of America, long the pride of Americans, and the model for
friends of freedom throughout the world, was formed and signed September
17, 1787.

Lafayette was received here in 1824.

The body of Abraham Lincoln rested in state, April 22-24, 1865.

Second National Encampment, Grand Army of the Republic, January, 1868,
when annual Memorial Day, May 30, was instituted by Major General John
A. Logan. It was observed the same year by posts of the Grand Army of
the Republic and the public.

The Liberty Bell was rung July 8, 1776, in celebration of the
Declaration of Independence; inscription on bell, “Proclaim liberty
throughout all the land, unto all the inhabitants thereof” (Leviticus
XXV: 10). It was hung in the tower in 1755, and it was cracked while
being tolled for the death of Chief Justice John Marshall July 8, 1835;
not rung since 1843.

Portraits of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence, painted
chiefly by Charles Willson Peale, and his portrait of Washington are
here. Benjamin West’s

[Illustration: FOURTH OF JULY IN CENTER SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA

_Painted by John D. Krimmel_ _Courtesy of the Pennsylvania Academy of
the Fine Arts_]

painting, “Penn’s Treaty with the Indians”; a large collection of
portraits of Pennsylvania men notable in the government of the
Commonwealth; and a collection of forty-five small historic portraits in
pastel by James Sharples. On Chestnut Street front is a marble statue of
Washington; sculptor, J. A. Bailey; erected in 1869 by contributions of
the public-school children of Philadelphia.

The building was renovated and restored in 1897 to its early appearance.
Small buildings connecting west, contain colonial relics; east,
Revolutionary relics. West, open porch leads to CONGRESS HALL, corner of
Sixth Street, built in 1789 for Court House of Philadelphia County;
Georgian, occupied by the Federal Congress, 1790-1800, after necessary
alterations by Major L’Enfant. First floor, House of Representatives;
second floor, Senate Chamber; gallery added in 1795. Here Washington was
inaugurated President, second term, March 4, 1793; and John Adams,
second President of the United States, in 1797. National Currency was
established. First National Bank founded. Army and Navy organized. Jay’s
Treaty determining relations with England considered and ratified.
Official announcement of Washington’s death in 1799 was made, and
resolution offered by Chief Justice John Marshall, to pay honor to the
man “First in war, first in peace, first in the hearts of his
countrymen.”

Contains sculptures in wood by William Rush; statue of Washington carved
in 1815; also eagle on globe, portrait of Michael Hillegas, first
Treasurer of the United States until 1789, and other paintings.

Building restored 1896, through the Pennsylvania Society, Colonial
Dames of America; architect, William Ziegler.

Corner of Fifth Street, SUPREME COURT HOUSE, or the old CITY HALL, built
in 1789. Second floor occupied by the First Supreme Court of the United
States, 1791-1800. Mayor’s Office until 1896. Later headquarters Boy
Scouts and Grand Army of the Republic. Now restored to first appearance;
museum, Colonial and American Indian collections, paintings.

In 1783, STATE HOUSE YARD was improved, elms planted, walks laid out,
and seats placed. Contains statue of Commodore Barry. 104 South Fifth
Street, in State House Yard, the American Philosophical Society, built
1789, brick, Georgian; originated in “The Junto,” formed by Benjamin
Franklin 1727. See Historic Institutions.

Southeast corner of Fifth and Chestnut Streets, site residence of
William Moore Smith, son of first provost of the University of
Pennsylvania. Washington’s portrait was painted here by Gilbert Stuart.

Northeast corner of Fifth and Sansom Streets, site Philadelphia Library
1790-1830.

427 Chestnut Street, site of Lawrence mansion, Howe’s headquarters,
1777-78.

421 Chestnut Street, site of United States Hotel. Charles Dickens stayed
here March, 1842, first visit to America.

South side of Chestnut Street, below Fifth, United States Custom House;
marble, classic; Doric portico; built 1819; architect, John Haviland.

Northwest corner of Fourth and Chestnut Streets, Provident Life and
Trust Company, of Philadelphia, modern; contains oil portraits of the
directors; among the artists represented are Bernard Uhle, Cecilia
Beaux, and Thomas Eakins.

Southeast corner of Fourth and Chestnut Streets, site of Friends
meeting-house in 1701, later site of Mathew Carey’s book store in 1800.

320 Chestnut Street, head of Carpenters’ Court. CARPENTERS’ HALL; open
free daily 9 A.M. to 3 P.M., Saturdays to 12.30 P.M.; Georgian, brick;
built, 1770 for use of the Carpenters’ Company, founded in 1724.

307 Chestnut Street, Bank of North America; founded in 1781 on the same
ground; oldest and first bank, chartered by Congress, in the United
States. Through Robert Morris, the first president, victory was made
possible to Washington and the Continental Army. Contains portrait of
Robert Morris.

Third Street above Chestnut; Post Office in 1713; later Judd’s Hotel
during war of 1812.

27 South Third Street, site United States Post Office, 1792.

250 Chestnut Street, site first United States Treasury, 1798.

243 Chestnut Street, site of residence of Governor Thomas Lloyd in 1684,
appointed by William Penn.

Letitia Street, west side above Chestnut, east of Second; site of
Letitia House, William Penn’s residence, moved to Fairmount Park.

Southeast corner of Second and Black Horse Alley, above Chestnut Street,
site Bradford House and printing office, used for colonial Post Office,
1728; Andrew Bradford, postmaster; in 1719 he published the first
newspaper in Pennsylvania, _The Mercury_, a weekly, second in America.

Southwest corner of Front and Market Streets, site of London Coffee
House, in 1754, where, in 1780, Robert Morris met with others to
consider the establishment of the first bank. Horses, slaves, and cattle
were sold here.

About 221-23 North Water Street, site Stephen Girard’s last residence.

111 Spring Street, west of Front, above Race, said to have been
residence of Benjamin Franklin 1723-26; brick, three stories and attic;
still standing.

Jones’s Alley, above Market Street, west from 14 North Front Street,
site Robert Grace’s residence, where the “Junto Club” met in 1727.

110 Market Street, site Robert Aitken’s Printing Office in 1782; he
printed the first English Bible in America.

Southwest corner of Second and Market Streets, site Friends’ first
meeting-house, 1695-1808, on land donated by George Fox, founder of the
Society.

Middle of Market Street, at Second, facing east, site of old Court
House, built 1710; used as town hall and seat of the Legislature until
the State House was built in 1735. Acceptance of the United States
Constitution was here proclaimed to the people December 13, 1787; shown
in large painting by Birch, made in 1829, now in City Hall, Broad and
Market Streets.

25 North Second Street, office _Peter Porcupine’s Gazette_, edited by
William Cobbett, a keen satirist.

CHRIST CHURCH, west side of Second Street, north of Market, built 1695.
(See Churches.)

[Illustration: JOHN MARSHALL, CHIEF JUSTICE OF THE UNITED STATES,
1808-1835

From the original in the possession of the Law Association of
Philadelphia

_Painted by Henry Inman_]

200 Arch Street, site Saint George and the Dragon Inn, built 1700, kept
by Nicholas Scull, member Franklin’s “Junto,” in 1727; sheriff in 1744;
he published a map of the city in 1750. Oldest Inn building standing;
from 1791-93 it was kept by John Inskeep, Mayor of Philadelphia,
1800-05. Stage coaches for New York and Baltimore left here regularly.

No. 239 Arch Street, BETSY ROSS HOUSE, two-story, brick, marked by
tablet; now property of American Flag House and Betsy Ross Memorial
Association. She made the first flag adopted by the United States, from
pencil drawing by Washington, who with Robert Morris and George Ross,
called on her to give the commission; the flag was accepted by Congress
June 14, 1777, and is now one of the oldest flags in the world, older
than those of France, Spain, Germany, Russia, Italy, and Austria. John
Paul Jones was first to fly the new flag. Betsy Ross lived to be
eighty-four, dying in 1836; she is buried in Mount Moriah Cemetery,
where a flag continuously flies over her grave, instituted by the Sons
of Veterans. Flag Day was first inaugurated in Philadelphia, 1893.

226 Race Street, site First Moravian Church, 1742-1856.

267 Race Street, site residence of Benjamin Franklin about 1749.

325 Market Street, site residence of Benjamin Franklin, where he first
invented the lightning rod, about 1749-50; in 1752, first lightning rod
used in the world was set up by Franklin, southeast corner of Second and
Race Streets.

229 North Fourth Street, Saint George’s, oldest Methodist Church in the
world, used continuously for worship; dedicated November 24, 1769.

Fourth Street above Race, St. Augustine’s Roman Catholic Church, 1796;
destroyed in the riot of 1844; rebuilt in 1846.

Old St. John’s Church, Race Street between Fifth and Sixth; first
English Lutheran Church in America, built 1806.

Southeast corner of Fourth and Cherry Streets, site Zion Lutheran Church
(German), built 1766; in 1790 its organ was considered the finest in
America.

Northeast corner of Fourth and Arch Streets, James Russell Lowell stayed
here with his bride in 1845.

Southeast corner of Fourth and Arch Streets, Friends meeting-house;
oldest in Philadelphia, built in 1804; since 1811 it has been used for
the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of Orthodox Friends, and is said to be
largest in the world. (See Historic Burial Grounds.)

Southwest corner of Fourth and Arch Streets, site of residence built for
William Smith, D.D., before 1762. First provost of the University of
Pennsylvania.

Fourth Street, west side, below Arch, site of the Academy in 1749;
beginning of the University, marked with tablet.

Southeast corner of Fifth and Arch Streets, Christ Church burial ground.
(See Burial Grounds.)

Southwest corner of Fifth and Arch Streets, Free Quaker Building;
tablet, inscription “By general subscription for the Free Quakers;
erected in the year of our Lord 1783, and of the Empire 8.” “Fighting
Quakers,” who fought in the Revolutionary War against peace principles
of the sect. The Apprentices’

[Illustration: BENJAMIN FRANKLIN

From the collection in Independence Hall

_Painted by B. T. Welch_]

Library, organized 1820 in Carpenters’ Hall, for many years only free
library in Philadelphia, occupied the building after 1850. Later used by
the Grand Lodge of Masons.

515 Cherry Street, residence of Bass Otis in 1819, who made the first
American lithograph.

528 Arch Street, site, Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery, first in
Philadelphia, founded 1852; now absorbed by the University of
Pennsylvania.

627 Arch Street, site, Woman’s Medical College, first in America to
graduate women physicians, founded 1850.

Southeast corner of Seventh and Arch Streets, residence of David
Rittenhouse in 1770.

Northwest corner of Seventh and Arch Streets, Fort Rittenhouse;
residence of David Rittenhouse, 1787; treasurer of Pennsylvania.

117 North Seventh Street, site, Mikveh Israel Synagogue, built in 1747.
Removed to Broad and York Streets.

37-39 North Seventh Street, first United States Mint, 1792. David
Rittenhouse, superintendent.

Southeast corner of Sixth and Market Streets, site of Robert Morris
residence; next to it, on Market Street, 530-536, site of President
Washington’s mansion and John Adams, second President; originally built
for Richard Penn.

700 Market Street, Penn National Bank. House where Thomas Jefferson
wrote the Declaration of Independence.

801 Market Street, site, office of Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of
State.

About 808 Market Street, site, residence of Thomas Jefferson, in 1791.

15 South Seventh Street, Franklin Institute, founded 1824; classic
architecture, marble; John Haviland, architect.

COLONIAL WALK NO. 2

[Illustration: 1. Continental Hotel. 2. Post Office. 3. Walnut Street
Theatre. 4. Musical Fund Hall. 5. Potter House. 6. Jewish Cemetery. 7.
Pennsylvania Hospital. 8. Morris House. 9. Holy Trinity R. C. Church.
10. Washington Square. 11. The Anthenaeum. 12. St. Mary’s R. C. Church.
13. Old Pine Street Presbyterian Church. 14. St. Peter’s P. E. Church.
15. Market. 16. Site Blue Anchor Inn. 17. Site Slate Roof House. 18.
Stock Exchange. 19. St. Paul’s P. E. Church. 20. Girard Bank. 21. St.
Joseph’s R. C. Church. 22. Contributionship Fire Insurance. 23.
Dispensary.]

Southeast corner of Ninth and Chestnut Streets, site, Cook’s Museum and
Circus; first mummies brought to the United States are said to have been
shown here.

Northwest corner of Ninth and Chestnut Streets, UNITED STATES POST
OFFICE, built in 1884 on site of the Mansion House, built for the
official residence of President Washington, but never occupied; used for
the University of Pennsylvania. Bronze statue of Benjamin Franklin,
sculptor, John Boyle; Chestnut Street front, inscription by Washington:
“Venerated for Benevolence, admired for Talent, esteemed for Patriotism,
beloved for Philanthropy”; bronze bust, President McKinley in corridor;
sculpture group on roof by D. C. French.

Northeast corner of Ninth and Sansom Streets, site, CHINESE MUSEUM;
later, in 1835, Peale’s Museum; exhibitions by the Franklin Institute
were held here.

Northeast corner of Ninth and Walnut Streets, WALNUT STREET THEATRE,
built in 1808; oldest theatre in the United States.

808 Locust Street, MUSICAL FUND HALL, built in 1824; oldest building in
Philadelphia in continuous use as a hall; Dr. Charles H. Jarvis
conducted classical soirées here before the Academy was built; has fine
acoustic properties; it is on the site of the Fifth Presbyterian Church,
which was moved to Tenth and Arch Streets.

260 South Ninth Street, POTTER HOUSE, built 1812; Joseph Bonaparte lived
here two years; the cartoons, “Birth of Psyche,” brought by him from
Versailles, still form the mural decorations of the banquet hall.

Northeast corner of Spruce and Darien Streets, below Ninth, JEWISH
CEMETERY, founded 1740; Rebecca Gratz, heroine in Scott’s “Ivanhoe,” is
buried near the entrance.

225 South Eighth Street, MORRIS MANSION, built 1787; typical colonial
model.

Eighth and Pine Streets, PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL, founded, 1751, by Dr.
Thomas Bond and Benjamin Franklin; Georgian. Contains Benjamin West’s
famous painting “Christ Healing the Sick”; woman with white head shawl
is said to be likeness of West’s mother.

715 Spruce Street, residence of Nicholas Biddle in 1820; now used by the
American Roman Catholic Society.

705 Locust Street, residence of E. L. Davenport, tragedian.

Southwest corner of Seventh and Locust Streets, site where Dr. Horace
Howard Furness began his great variorum edition of Shakespeare.

618 Locust Street, residence of John W. Forney, journalist.

Southwest corner of Seventh and Walnut Streets, oldest Savings Bank in
America; established 1816, by Mr. Condy Raguet with twelve directors;
classic adaptation; Furness, Evans and Company, architects; among the
oil portraits to be seen there are Lewis Wain and John C. Lowber, by
Thomas Sully; G. Colesberry Purves, by William M. Chase, and Condy
Raguet, artist unknown.

Southeast corner of Seventh and Chestnut Streets, site, residence of
George Clymer, signer of the Declaration of Independence.

708 Chestnut Street, site, residence of Jared Ingersoll, signer of the
United States Constitution; later, residence George M. Dallas,
Vice-President of the United States. Opposite, on Chestnut Street below
Eighth, eastern end of Green’s Hotel, site, residence of Thomas
Fitzsimmons, signer of the United States Constitution.

632 Chestnut Street, site of Waln mansion.

615-17-19 Chestnut Street, site, THE ARCADE, built in 1826; the _Public
Ledger_ issued its first number here March 25, 1836.

605 Chestnut Street, bronze tablet front, inscription: “Site of First
CHESTNUT STREET THEATRE, 1793-1855. ‘Hail! Columbia,’ composed by Joseph
Hopkinson, first sung here, April 25, 1798, by Gilbert Fox. Fanny
Elssler danced here in 1840; Jenny Lind sung, in 1850; Charlotte Cushman
acted, in 1851; erected by The City Historical Society of Philadelphia.”

Northwest corner of Sixth and Ranstead Streets, above Chestnut, site,
The FALSTAFF HOTEL, from 1814-16; First City Troop met here.

130 South Sixth Street, site, residence Thomas G. Wharton; birthplace in
1824 of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

Southwest corner of Sixth and Walnut Streets, Curtis Publishing Company,
on site of the Ludwig Building, a school erected by Christopher Ludwig,
“Baker General” of the Revolution; see Architecture.

Southeast corner of Sixth and Walnut Streets, site, WALNUT STREET GAOL,
1775-1838; extended nearly to Fifth Street; in the rear, fronting Locust
Street, then Prune Street, was the debtors’ prison; Judge William Moore,
also Provost William Smith, were confined here, in 1758, for publishing
so-called seditious pamphlets on patriotism; the students went there to
recite their lessons to him; Robert Morris, financier of the
Revolution, was in prison here, in 1797, for debts incurred in a large
private transaction; first successful balloon ascension in America was
from the gaol yard, by J. P. Blanchard, French aëronaut, January, 1793.

Sixth to Seventh Streets, on Walnut, WASHINGTON SQUARE, patented by
William Penn, 1704-05, as burial ground for strangers; hundreds of
Revolutionary soldiers were buried here, also victims of the great
yellow fever epidemic in 1793; in early times colored slaves gathered
here to sing their native songs, and give wild African dances among the
graves; named Washington Square by Councils, May, 1825, and improved for
public use; monument to the Washington Grays, bronze, life-size figure
of a private in original uniform.

215 South Sixth Street, site, residence of Hon. James Campbell, United
States Postmaster General, appointed by President Pierce.

219 South Sixth Street, The ATHENAEUM OF PHILADELPHIA, founded, 1813, by
students from the University, for a circulating library; first
president, William Tilghman, Chief Justice of Pennsylvania; the Law
Library was there many years, while Courts were Sixth and Chestnut
Streets; was great chess center; architect, John Notman.

245 South Sixth Street, site, residence Commodore Barry, who succeeded
John Paul Jones as head of the American Navy.

Locust Street below Sixth, south side, site, PRUNE STREET THEATRE; “Home
Sweet Home” was sung here for the first time in America.

Northwest corner of Sixth and Spruce Streets, HOLY TRINITY ROMAN
CATHOLIC CHURCH, built, 1739; circular building, alternate red and black
bricks; body of Stephen Girard was buried here for many years; later
removed to Girard College.

144-54 South Fifth Street, site, Free Quaker Cemetery.

127 South Fifth Street, site, PHILADELPHIA DISPENSARY, oldest in United
States; founded by Dr. Benjamin Rush in 1786; now merged with
Pennsylvania Hospital.

Northeast corner of Fourth and Walnut Streets, residence General Stephen
Moylan, military secretary to Washington; Muster Master General of the
Continental Army in 1775.

South side Walnut Street, above Fourth. John Marshall, Chief Justice of
the United States, died here July 6, 1835.

Willing’s Alley, south of Walnut Street, east of Fourth, ST. JOSEPH’S
CHURCH; built in 1731; oldest Roman Catholic Church in Philadelphia; has
painting, “Hagar and Ishmael,” by Benjamin West; Washington is said to
have been first referred to as “The Father of his Country” by the
priest, in his sermon after Washington’s death; Lancaster County makes
the same claim.

309 Walnut Street, site, last residence of Bishop White.

212 South Fourth Street, PHILADELPHIA CONTRIBUTIONSHIP FOR THE INSURANCE
OF HOUSES FROM LOSS BY FIRE, oldest fire-insurance company in America,
founded 1752, by Benjamin Franklin; known as “The Hand-in-Hand,” from
its seal; Classic architecture, built, 1835; portraits, Horace Binney by
Thomas Sully; painted in 1837, and by George B. A. Healy in 1857; Dr.
Charles Willing and Hon. John Welsh by Bernard Uhle; James Lewis Smith
by Henry Inman; William Sellers and Ellis Yarnall by Percy Bigland,
English; Alexander Biddle, Sydney P. Hutchinson and John T. Morris by
Vonnoh; James S. Smith, 2d, by Van Morcken.

218-22 South Fourth Street, site, Edward Shippen mansion; President,
Provisional Council, and First Mayor of Philadelphia; his daughter,
Peggy Shippen, was married to Benedict Arnold.

Southwest corner of Fourth and Prune Streets, or Locust, residence of
Dr. Caspar Wistar, in 1799; the garden extended to St. Mary’s
churchyard; is now headquarters of the Philadelphia Chapter No. 2 of
Colonial Dames.

244-50 South Fourth Street, ST. MARY’S ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH, built,
1763, has a fine pieta by Boucher; in the graveyard are the tombs of
Commodore Barry and of Thomas Fitzsimmons, members Continental Congress.

338 Spruce Street, residence, Joseph Hopkinson, born 1770, died 1842;
author of “Hail! Columbia,” 1798; it was called “The President’s March,”
and always sung when Washington held state events; music by Henry Roth;
he also wrote “The Battle of the Kegs.”

Southwest corner of Fourth and Pine Streets, OLD PINE STREET
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, brick, rough cast; classic; porch with Corinthian
columns; built, 1857; graveyard is on both sides; east portion belongs
to First Church, west to Old Pine.

Southwest corner of Leithgow Street, above Fourth and South Streets,
SOUTH STREET THEATRE, 1766-1821; now used as a business building.

East side of Leithgow Street, west of Fourth, between South and
Bainbridge Streets, site, APOLLO STREET THEATRE, 1811.

Spruce to Pine Streets, Third to Fourth, site, OLD ALMSHOUSE, 1731, and
PHILADELPHIA HOSPITAL, 1732.

Northwest corner of Third and Lombard Streets, residence of CHARLES
WILLSON PEALE, 1741-1827.

Southwest corner of Third and Pine Streets, SAINT PETER’S CHURCH, built,
1761; in the Churchyard are the tombs of Rev. Jacob Duché and Charles
Willson Peale, artist, 1741-1827; it is often said, “To belong to old
Philadelphia Society one must have an ancestor who entered Paradise
through Saint Peter’s graveyard”; (see Churches).

Northwest corner of Third and Pine Streets, site, residence of Colonel
John Nixon, who read the Declaration of Independence.

Northeast corner of Third and Pine Streets, site, residence of Rev.
Jacob Duché; later, British Military Hospital.

224 Pine Street, site, residence, Mayor John Stamper, 1760; Governor
John Penn died here. “His funeral was very great, making quite a crowd.”

237 DeLancey Street, above Pine, site, residence of Horace Binney, the
great lawyer.

About 260 South Third Street, site, Bingham residence; later, in 1828,
Joseph Head’s MANSION HOUSE, known as the most sumptuous inn in
America; John Quincy Adams stayed here in 1811; Pennsylvania Society of
the Cincinnati gave a dinner in 1811, celebrating the unveiling of a
monument to General Wayne; “Sons of Washington” held their annual dinner
here on Washington’s Birthday; French citizens gave a dinner in 1830,
Peter Du Ponceau presiding, in popular demonstration after the French
Revolution of the overthrow of Charles X.

256 South Third Street, site, “Washington Hall,” built, 1814; erected by
the Washington Benevolent Society; here General Andrew Jackson was fêted
and dined, in February, 1819; Lafayette attended a dinner in 1824 given
to Richard Rush, envoy to England from the United States, afterward
member of Adams Cabinet; second Horticultural Exhibition was held in
1830.

244 South Third Street, residence of Samuel Powell, Mayor of
Philadelphia, 1775-89; fine colonial architecture; many functions were
held here during the Revolution; Washington celebrated his twentieth
wedding anniversary here, January 6, 1779.

228 South Third Street, site, Thomas Willing residence, in 1746.

217-31 South Third Street, ST. PAUL’S PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH,
built, 1761; Headquarters of Philadelphia City Mission; Edwin Forrest,
tragedian, is buried in the graveyard; (see Churches).

Southeast corner of Dock and Moravian Streets, below Walnut, publisher’s
office of _Burton’s Gentleman’s Magazine_, while Edgar Allan Poe was
editor.

Southeast corner of Third and Walnut Streets, site, residence of
Alexander Hamilton, and site of Fort Wilson, residence of James Wilson,
a signer of the Declaration of Independence.

301 Walnut Street, site, residence of Dr. Benjamin Rush, in 1791, a
signer of the Declaration of Independence.

307 Walnut Street, site, residence of Judge Richard Peters.

Back part of Walnut Court, between 314-318 Walnut Street, site, Friends’
Almshouse, 1713-1841.

Southeast corner of Third and Pear Streets (now Chancellor), Robert
Bell’s bookstore; Bell’s imprints are sought by collectors.

116-120 South Third Street, GIRARD NATIONAL BANK, oldest banking
building in America; Stephen Girard, financier of the War of 1812,
bought it in 1812; it was his office until his death, December 26, 1831.

114 South Third Street, site, JAY COOKE’S BANKING HOUSE, financier of
the Civil War.

Sansom Street, formerly Lodge Street, above Second; first successful
locomotive, Old Ironsides, built in America was made by Matthias Baldwin
in 1828.

Northwest corner of Second and Sansom Streets, site, residence of
William Logan, 1750-60.

Southeast corner of Second and Sansom Streets, site, SLATE ROOF HOUSE,
1698-1867, built for William Penn; his son John was born here, January
29, 1700; sold to William Trent, founder of Trenton, in 1803, for eight
hundred and fifty pounds; General Forbes, Governor of Pennsylvania, died
here. “His funeral was of great splendor.”

121 South Second Street, site, residence of Robert Fulton, artist and
engineer.

123 South Second Street, site, residence of Captain Joseph Anthony;
Assembly met here in 1828-30.

Back of 145-47 South Second Street, site of Indian reservation.

Second Street, southeast corner of Little Dock Street, site, Loxley
House in 1720; Lydia Darrach is supposed to have lived here; Benjamin
Franklin used the front door key in electricity experiment with a kite.

Water Street, between Walnut and Dock Streets, Hamilton’s Wharf. FIRST
ASSEMBLY BALLS were held here, in a large room, about 1740.

Second and Pine Streets, SECOND STREET MARKET, built, 1745.

200 Pine Street, site, residence of Charles Elias Boudinot.

South Street from South Street, corner of American, between Second and
Third Streets, inscription on corner house: “In this street was
birthplace of Edwin Forrest; Commodore Joseph Cresson; Alexander Wilson;
and Joel B. Sutherland, first President of the Society of 1812.”

Second Street below South, west side, SOUTHWARK BANK, built, 1825.

30 South Street, site, Plumsted House; MASON AND DIXON’S OBSERVATORY was
near here.

Front and Pine Streets; probable site of the Penny Pot House.

Northwest corner of Front and Dock Streets, probable site of the BLUE
ANCHOR INN, in 1682, where William Penn first landed in Philadelphia.

NOTABLE ARCHITECTURE

Architecture should comprise beauty, fitness, and stability. It is
classified by various styles from the past, necessarily developed by
modern characterists. Eras of great national vigor invariably express
themselves architecturally, by means of great scale. To illustrate, the
Pyramids at Gizeh and the great temple at Karnak mark the zenith of
Egyptian civilization; the Parthenon echoes the halcyon days of Greece;
Imperial Rome boasted the Baths of Caracalla and the Colosseum; the
glorious Renaissance in Italy culminated in the grandeur of St. Peter’s
Church; and the consecration and craftsmanship of Gothic builders
crashed to earth with the lofty vaulting of Beauvais. Also consider, in
chronological order, the buildings of our own time, they present a mute
record of the ever-increasing virility of the nation; in the lacelike
tower of the Woolworth Building, piercing the blue heaven for a thousand
feet, we read the tremendous advance and limitless possibilities of the
country whose dreams become realities. Among the early COLONIAL or
GEORGIAN buildings are, CARPENTERS’ HALL, Chestnut Street below Fourth;
CHRIST CHURCH, Second Street above Market; HAMILTON MANSION in Woodlands
Cemetery, Thirty-ninth Street and Woodland Avenue; INDEPENDENCE HALL,
group, Chestnut Street between Fifth and Sixth; OLD SWEDES’ CHURCH
(Gloria Dei), Swanson Street near Front and Christian Streets;
PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL, Eighth and Pine Streets; ST. PETER’S CHURCH,
Third and Pine Streets.

=Egyptian.= SYNAGOGUE ADATH-JESHURUM, Broad and Diamond Streets; Indiana
limestone; architects, Thomas, Churchman, and Molitor.

=Classic.= ACADEMY OF MUSIC, Broad and Locust Streets. Interior classic;
brick; built, 1850; architects, LeBrun & Runge; the audience room is
very large, modeled after celebrated opera houses in Europe; plan of the
balconies is now considered obsolete, but the general effect is
undeniably fine, and has a flavor of the Second Empire. CATHEDRAL OF SS.
PETER AND PAUL, Logan Square; brownstone, built about 1860; architects,
Napoleon LeBrun for the building, John Notman for the façade; it is
impressive and dignified. UNITED STATES CUSTOM HOUSE, Chestnut Street
below Fifth; architect, John Haviland. GIRARD COLLEGE, Corinthian and
Girard Avenues; architect, Thomas U. Walters; modeled after the
Parthenon. GIRARD NATIONAL BANK, 116 South Third Street; portico of the
Third Street front is Corinthian, studied from the Parthenon and Temple
of Saturnus; it stands on a stylobate, elevated above the pavement by
steps on three sides, which gives it emphasis and dignity, and marks it
as the feature of approach to the building; this portico is flanked on
either side by a pavilion of pilasters, of the same character as the
columns of the portico, the space between the pilasters being pierced
with windows which are adorned with architraves and cornices supported
by carved brackets; the pilasters and columns are surmounted by a
cornice pediment and balustrade of great elegance of detail and
proportion, studied from the best class of Roman antique work; the
tympanum of the pediment is enriched by the date of the erection, 1795,
and the American eagle in bas-relief carving, of excellent modeling;
from the pavement to the apex of the portico is fifty-six feet; entire
front is of Pennsylvania blue marble; the building was erected for the
Bank of the United States in 1797, and followed closely the lines of the
Dublin Exchange; architect, Samuel Blodgett; marble work was done by
Claudius LeGrand in his yard at Tenth and Market Streets; this was the
first building in Philadelphia to be erected with portico and pillars;
in 1901, it was carefully renovated by James H. Windrim. GIRARD TRUST
COMPANY, northwest corner of Broad and Chestnut Streets, built in 1908;
architects, McKim, Mead & White, New York; Furness & Evans,
Philadelphia; has steel frame and Gustavino dome faced with white
marble; while the form of this building was probably suggested by the
Pantheon at Rome, details of the order are rather Greek, and the
colonetts, forming the mullions of the windows, suggest the Certosa di
Pavia. RIDGWAY LIBRARY, South Broad and Christian Streets, Doric; built,
1880; granite; architect, Addison Hutton. OLD STOCK EXCHANGE, Second,
Walnut and Dock Streets, white marble; has semicircular Corinthian
colonnade, and lantern modeled after the Temple of Lysicrates;
architect, William Strickland. ST. PATRICK’S CHURCH, Twenty-first and
Locust Streets, Roman; classic; brick and granite; built, 1913;
architects, LaFarge & Morris, New York; façade of this church is big in
conception, full of dignity and repose, and forms a most successful
termination to the vista when viewed from Rittenhouse Street. UNITED
STATES MINT, Seventeenth and Spring Garden Streets, built, 1898; light
gray granite; architect, James Knox Taylor.

=Moorish.= HORTICULTURAL HALL, Fairmount Park; built, 1876; architect,
Herman J. Schwarzmann. RODEPH SHALOM SYNAGOGUE, Mt. Vernon and North
Broad Streets.

=Byzantine.= FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, Seventeenth Street above Chestnut,
stone; Edgar V. Seeler, architect. JACOB REED’S SONS, store, 1424
Chestnut Street, brick, marble, and tile; built, 1904; Price &
McLanahan, architects; façade is one of the most interesting in the
city; the column caps are symbolic of the business conducted therein, as
is also the tile work on the intrados of the arch, which depicts the
shearing and manufacturing of wool and has the richness of an Oriental
rug.

=Gothic.= ACADEMY OF THE FINE ARTS, Broad and Cherry Streets, Venetian
polychrome Gothic, brick, limestone, and tile; architects, Furness &
Hewitt; façade is interesting, as the most prominent example of the
Venetian Gothic style, used in Philadelphia in the latter part of the
nineteenth century. BROAD AND ARCH STREETS METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH,
white marble. ST. CLEMENT’S PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH, Twentieth and
Cherry Streets, Norman; built, 1857; brownstone; architect, John Notman;
later improvements; new roof; apse; Lady chapel and parish buildings by
Horace Wells Sellers. ST. JAMES’ PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH,
Twenty-second and Walnut Streets, English decorated Gothic, with
sculptured band around the tower; Ohio green sandstone and granite;
architect, G. W. Hewitt. ST. LUKE’S PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH,
Germantown Avenue and Coulter Street, granite and limestone; architect,
Richard Upjohn of New York, who first used the principles of Gothic
architecture in America; rectory, St. Margaret’s Home, parish house, and
the rood screen in the church are by Cope & Stewardson; organ screen is
by Pierson. ST. MARK’S PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH, Locust Street below
Seventeenth, early decorated Gothic; brownstone; architect, John Notman;
later improvements include the Lady chapel, architects, Cope &
Stewardson. SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, Twenty-first and Walnut Streets,
French, with early English details; resembles the Parish Church in
Norfolk, England; architect, Henry Sims. ST. STEPHEN’S PROTESTANT
EPISCOPAL CHURCH, Tenth Street above Chestnut, early Gothic, with two
octagonal towers; stone; interior decorated by Frank Furness; rich and
unusual color. SOUTH MEMORIAL CHURCH OF THE ADVOCATE, Eighteenth and
Diamond Streets, French; architect, C. M. Burns; built, 1897; interior
profusely adorned with carving; windows by Clayton & Bell.

=Romanesque.= CHURCH OF ST. FRANCIS DE SALES, ROMAN CATHOLIC,
Forty-seventh Street and Springfield Avenue, brick and terra cotta;
Gustavino dome and mosaic, a very beautiful example of the style; built,
1912; architect, Henry D. Daggit. HOLY TRINITY PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL
CHURCH, Nineteenth and Walnut Streets, Norman, brownstone; architect,
John Notman. MASONIC TEMPLE, Broad and Filbert Streets, Norman with
elaborately carved porch; gray granite; built about 1870; architect,
James H. Windrim. CHURCH OF THE SAVIOUR, PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL,
Thirty-eighth Street, north of Chestnut Street, Norman; architect,
Charles M. Burns; the half dome and apse are decorated by Edwin H.
Blashfield; said to be one of the finest examples of mosaic work in this
country; alms boxes and reredos, designed by the late James Warner, are
also of considerable interest.

=Renaissance.= ART CLUB, southwest corner of Broad and Chancellor Streets,
Italian and French influences; brick and Indiana limestone; architect,
Frank Miles Day. CITY HALL, open daily, 9.00 A.M. to 3.00 P.M., Broad
and Market Streets, on site of Penn Square, formerly Centre Square, on
which was a Friends’ meeting-house in 1685; Rochambeau’s Encampment,
1781; Wayne’s Encampment, 1794; and the first city waterworks in 1801;
this is the largest single building in America; covers four and a half
acres, French, begun in 1871, white marble with granite base; built in
the form of a hollow square, with passageways connecting both Market and
Broad Streets; contains 662 rooms; the tower, on the north center, about
550 feet high, is surmounted by a colossal bronze statue of William
Penn; center and corner pavilions have attic stories, and hanging stairs
of polished granite; architect, John McArthur, Jr.; chief points of
interest are the council chambers; mayor’s reception room, with
portraits of Philadelphia mayors; and state court rooms; from the roof
is an excellent view of the city. To Alexander Milne Calder,
Philadelphia is indebted for the applied sculpture, the artistic feature
of the building, many scores of figures, symbolic of the history of this
nation

[Illustration: CAPTAIN NICHOLAS BIDDLE

In the Tower Gallery of City Hall

_Alexander Milne Calder, Sculptor_]

and the world, fine types of Indians, and other races; the negro heads
being known among artists as the best of their kind; ornamentation
symbolic of music, art, science, and commerce, is used as an integral
part of this great public edifice, an inherent factor in true
decoration, where it comes into its own, as well as in gardens, parks,
boulevards, and plazas. Statues outside, on City Hall pavement, are,
General John F. Reynolds, by Rogers; General McClellan; the Pilgrim by
Saint Gaudens; the Quaker by Giuseppe Donato; Stephen Girard and John
Wanamaker by J. Massey Rhind; Joseph Leidy, M.D.; President McKinley,
and John C. Bullitt. COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS, Twenty-second Street, above
Chestnut, English; built, 1910; architects, Cope & Stewardson. DROPSIE
COLLEGE, Broad Street below York, French; architects, Pitcher & Tachau.
HAMILTON COURT, Thirty-ninth and Chestnut Streets, Italian; steel frame
faced with brick and limestone; an apartment house built around an open
court, recalling very strongly, both in color and detail, the earlier
Venetian palaces. MEMORIAL HALL, Fairmount Park, German, granite; built,
1876; architect, Herman J. Schwarzmann; one of the best designed
monumental buildings in the city. UNION LEAGUE addition, Fifteenth and
Sansom Streets, Italian; steel frame, faced with limestone; built, 1912;
architect, Horace Trumbauer: a very dignified and restrained elevation,
suggestive of a Roman palace.

=Spanish.= THE FIRST CHURCH OF CHRIST SCIENTIST, Walnut Street above
Fortieth; architects, Carrere & Hastings. PENNSYLVANIA INSTITUTE FOR
THE INSTRUCTION OF THE BLIND, Overbrook; Spanish mission; architects,
Cope & Stewardson.

=English.= MELLOR, MEIGS AND HOWE OFFICE, 205 South Juniper Street, rough
brick; architects, Mellor & Meigs.

THE ATHENAEUM of Philadelphia, 219 South Sixth Street; architect, John
Notman; has best points of work done in 1850, showing traditions of the
past, with developments and characteristics of its own; interior has a
most beautiful reading room. THE UNIVERSITY BUILDINGS, from
Thirty-fourth to Fortieth Streets, Walnut Street to Woodland Avenue, add
much to the architectural attraction of West Philadelphia; entrances to
the campus, near the dormitories, are fine Tudor gateways, wrought iron,
with brick and stone piers. (See University of Pennsylvania.) Hon. James
Arthur Balfour said in 1917, “The Americans build Brobdignagian
cathedrals, and use them for office buildings.” THE SKYSCRAPERS.
ADELPHIA HOTEL, Thirteenth and Chestnut Streets, Italian Renaissance,
brick and terra cotta; built, 1914; architect, Horace Trumbauer; the
arabesque detail on lower stories of the façade, and pattern formed by
projecting bricks, on the stories above, are worthy of notice; interiors
are pleasing and architecturally correct. BELL TELEPHONE, a Parkway
building, corner of Seventeenth and Arch Streets; height above ground
273 feet; stone; with interesting façade; architect, John T. Windrim.
BELLEVUE-STRATFORD HOTEL, southwest corner Broad and Walnut Streets,
French Renaissance; steel frame, faced with terra cotta; architects,
Hewitt Bros. Most beautifully proportioned and artistic business
building in Philadelphia. BOURSE, Fourth to Fifth Streets, below Market;
adaptation of the François Premier; with fine feeling of dignity, in
placing within the broad paving; architects, Hewitt Bros. BULLETIN
BUILDING, Juniper and Filbert Streets, French; steel frame, faced with
terra cotta; architect, Edgar V. Seeler. CURTIS PUBLISHING COMPANY,
Sixth and Walnut Streets, modern adaptation of Georgian; steel frame,
faced with white marble and brick; built, 1910; architect, Edgar V.
Seeler; faces Independence Square, and although thoroughly modern,
harmonizes perfectly, both in color and design, with the historic
Georgian group, of which Independence Hall is the center, and adds to
the quiet colonial atmosphere of the Square; interior is excellently
designed; entrance, lobby, editorial offices, and the employes’ dining
room being of particular interest. Mechanical equipment is the finest of
its kind in the world, producing an average of 5,558,600 complete paid
for publications per issue of the _Ladies’ Home Journal_, _Saturday
Evening Post_, and _The Country Gentleman_ for six months ending June
30, 1924. Twenty original paintings, and the mosaic “The Dream Garden,”
by Maxfield Parrish, a mural made of Tiffany favrile glass, the work
proceeded through an entire year, in the Tiffany Studios, where each
piece of glass was fired under the personal supervision of Mr. Tiffany
and Mr. Briggs; time can never impair its freshness, color, or
luminosity. Visitors will be shown the entire plant daily, except
Saturdays and Sundays, between 9.00 A.M. and 5.00 P.M. FARM JOURNAL,
Seventh Street and Washington Square, Georgian; colonial brick and
Indiana limestone; architects, Bunting & Shrigley. HARRISON BUILDING,
Fifteenth and Market Streets, François Premier; built, 1895; architects,
Cope & Stewardson; an unusual example of well-studied, though elaborate
Renaissance detail; notice the graceful roof, recalling the charming
chateaux along the Loire. LAND TITLE BUILDING, southwest corner of Broad
and Chestnut Streets, modern adaptation of classic; steel frame, faced
with gray granite and brick; architects, D. H. Burnham & Co., Chicago;
contrast the scale of the order, in the newer portion of the building on
Broad Street entrance, with the insignificant order in the old building.
MANUFACTURERS’ CLUB, Broad and Walnut Streets, Italian Renaissance;
built, 1914; steel frame, faced with limestone; architects, Simon &
Bassett; has a handsome façade, crowned by a daring Florentine cornice;
interior unusually interesting in detail. RACQUET CLUB, Sixteenth Street
below Walnut, Georgian; colonial brick, marble trimmings; architect,
Horace Trumbauer. REAL ESTATE TRUST BUILDING, southeast corner of Broad
and Chestnut Streets, Renaissance; architect, Edgar V. Seeler.
RITZ-CARLTON HOTEL, Broad and Walnut Streets, modern adaptation, style
of the Adam Brothers; built, 1912; steel frame, faced with colonial
brick and Indiana limestone; architects, Warren & Wetmore, New York,
Horace Trumbauer, Philadelphia, associate. The keynote of this structure
is refinement and good taste; a recognition of the fact that
commercialism and good architecture are by no means incompatible.
STEPHEN GIRARD BUILDING, Twelfth and Girard Streets, modern adaptation
of Greek classic; built about 1894; steel frame, faced with brick and
marble; architect, John T. Windrim; details of this building are
interesting; note the bronze caryatid figures which support the heads of
the second story windows; the wrought iron gates to the court on Girard
Street rank with the best modern wrought ironwork in the city. WANAMAKER
STORE, Chestnut, Market, Juniper, and Thirteenth Streets, modern
adaptation of Italian Renaissance, built, 1910; steel frame, with light
gray granite; architects, D. H. Burnham & Co., Chicago; exterior of this
store is one of the finest in the city, it is simple, dignified, and
impressive, without being monotonous; the great scale of the Doric order
at the base, the severe wall treatment, and the splendid cornice,
combine to express a purity and loftiness seldom equaled in commercial
buildings; a guide may be had, upon application, who will conduct
visitors through the entire building including the kitchens. WEST
PHILADELPHIA HIGH SCHOOL, Forty-sixth and Walnut Streets, Tudor Gothic;
rough brick and Indiana limestone; built, 1913, by the City Architect.
WIDENER MEMORIAL HOME for crippled children, Broad Street and Olney
Avenue, Georgian, built, 1906; Harvard brick and marble trimmings;
architect, Horace Trumbauer; has a very beautifully designed wrought
iron gateway.

To make a “City Beautiful” is to give it wide streets, lined with
handsome buildings and houses, plenty of parks, boulevards, and to rid
it of rows upon rows of semi-shanty premises, small, ill-kept, and
unattractive. Each new building that is put up within the city limits
should, in its arrangements and architecture, help toward making the
locality in which it is erected more attractive than at the present
time. This idea has been carried out in the CARNEGIE FREE LIBRARY
buildings, scattered about within the limits of the municipality, as
their varied exteriors are very distinguished, from an architectural
point. The interiors are designed to avoid the multiplication of
corridors; principal rooms used for reading, the art and reference
rooms, are stately and fine.

An interesting GATEWAY is the entrance to the MANHEIM CRICKET CLUB,
Germantown, Georgian; consisting of massive brick piers, surmounted by
stone caps, connected at the top with a wrought iron supporting lantern,
below which are the heavy wrought iron central gates; this, with smaller
gateways, and a most attractive brick wall, forms the enclosure for the
grounds; architects, McKim, Mead & White.

ART COLLECTIONS AND ART SCHOOLS

Philadelphia being the seat of government of colonial times, is
extremely rich in historic portraits. They are in The Pennsylvania
Academy of the Fine Arts; Independence Hall; Historical Society of
Pennsylvania; Carpenters’ Hall; American Philosophical Society;
Pennsylvania Hospital; Academy of Natural Science; The Library Company
of Philadelphia; Mercantile Library; College of Physicians; United
States Mint; University of Pennsylvania; many banks and insurance
companies.

PENNSYLVANIA ACADEMY OF THE FINE ARTS, Broad Street above Arch; open
free daily, 9.00 A.M. to 5.00

[Illustration: A QUIET HOUR

_Painted by John W. Alexander_ _Courtesy of the Pennsylvania Academy of
the Fine Arts_]

P.M., Sundays, 1.00 P.M. to 5.00 P.M.; fee for special exhibitions; was
the first art institute in America, founded, 1805; its history is in no
small measure the history of American art itself, and dates back to
1791, when Charles Willson Peale attempted to organize in Philadelphia a
school of art; from this grew, in 1794, the Columbianum, which held the
first exhibition of paintings, in 1795, in Independence Hall. The
permanent collection of paintings and sculpture now includes the Gallery
of National Portraiture, with the largest number of portraits by Gilbert
Stuart to be seen in any museum; and notable works by other early
American painters--Benjamin West, Washington Allston, Matthew Pratt, the
Peales, Sully, Neagle, Inman, Eichholz, Trumbull, and Bass Otis; the
Gibson Collection, largely composed of the Continental schools; Temple
collection of modern American paintings; important works by many of the
world’s greatest artists; and the Phillips collection of about forty
thousand etchings and engravings. Annual exhibitions are, miniatures,
water colors, illustration, and etchings in November and December; oil
painting and sculpture in February and March, considered the salon of
living American artists; also special exhibitions and lectures on art.
The Academy coöperates with the system of International Catalogue
Exchange.

Since the beginning of the Academy’s existence, men and women whose
names have become illustrious in the annals of American art have been
enrolled as students. The schools are equipped in every way to teach the
technique of painting and sculpture, the faculty is composed of
representative artists of the day; collections, galleries, classrooms,
models, and casts are admirably fitted to afford instruction fully equal
to that obtainable in Europe. Many substantial prizes are awarded
annually to students upon the merits of their work. The William Emlen
Cresson Travelling Scholarships send, on an average, sixteen students
abroad yearly for four months, and enable them to return to the Academy
and continue their studies without payment of tuition fee. The
Fellowship of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, organized 1897,
sends out annually two exhibitions of original oil paintings by notable
artists; one to other cities, the other to the Philadelphia public
schools, where they remain one month in each school; while there, the
paintings are explained by a member of the Fellowship to school
children, thus teaching them true appreciation of art. A Picture
Purchase Fund was established in 1912, with which pictures have been
bought, from Fellowship Exhibitions, and placed in Philadelphia
libraries and public schools.

JOHN GRAVER JOHNSON MUSEUM OF PAINTINGS, 510 South Broad Street, left by
bequest April, 1917, to the City of Philadelphia, is open to the public;
throughout Europe and America this vast collection of old and modern
masters is famous for extent and merit. “No other American collection
has so wide a range and so even a quality,” says F. Mason Perkins; it
contains scores of examples which could not be duplicated at any price.
Noted for the completeness of different schools of painting.

PHILADELPHIA SCHOOL OF DESIGN FOR WOMEN, southwest corner of Broad and
Master Streets; first industrial art school in this country; similar to
the “Ecoles Professionelles des Femmes,” in Paris; was founded in 1844
by Mrs. Sarah Peters, the American wife of the British Consul in
Philadelphia, in her own house; later, the Franklin Institute assumed
charge of the classes until 1853, when it was incorporated, and a Board
of Directors elected. Its aim is to put art students in touch with
business demands, as well as to cultivate, to the highest degree, their
artistic ability. The Normal Art Course embodies all the special studies
required by modern educators for teachers of art and design, and with
courses in the fine arts, illustration, and costume illustration; has
trained many women, now earning handsome emoluments and winning
distinction. The residence on Broad Street, forming entrance to the
school, which occupies large buildings in the rear, was the home of
Edwin Forrest, a famous tragedian; the fine gallery which he erected to
house his collection of paintings, now at the Forrest Home for Actors at
Holmesburg, is used for annual exhibitions of the school’s painting
classes. Edwin Forrest died here in 1872 and John Sartain in 1897; John
Sartain was celebrated as a mezzotint engraver, and lived here with his
daughter, Miss Emily Sartain, then principal of the school, herself a
skilled painter, and engraver in mezzotint; who with her well chosen
faculty of eminent artists, carried to a prosperous fulfilment Mrs.
Peters’ initiative effort.

PENNSYLVANIA MUSEUM AND SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL ART was founded in 1876, as
a concrete embodiment of the lessons taught by the Centennial
Exhibition, and has developed forms of artistic craftsmanship that were
practically unknown in America. The Museum is housed in Memorial Hall,
Fairmount Park, memorial of the Centennial; Modern Renaissance;
architect, Herman J. Schwarzmann. Open free, Mondays, 12.00 M., other
days 9.30 A.M., closing 5.00 P.M., Sundays, 1.00 P.M. to 6.00 P.M.
Established as a museum of art in all its branches and technical
application, with a special view to the development of the art
industries of the state. Among its important collections are the W. P.
Wilstach paintings, about five hundred old masters, with their schools;
and contemporary international paintings, belonging to the City of
Philadelphia; with $700,000 endowment, interest to be used for their
care and increase, by the Commissioners of Fairmount Park; among the
many brilliant artists represented are, Whistler, Munkácsy, Sorolla,
Zuloago, Velasquez, the Barbizon, Italian, and Dutch Schools of
Landscape. The famous Bayeux tapestry is here; laces; vestments;
porcelains; enamels; carved ivories; period furniture; some of the Edwin
Atlee Barber collection of American pottery and porcelains; Lewis
collection of Swiss stained glass, sixteenth and seventeenth centuries;
Frishmuth collection of colonial antiquities. A Bureau of Identification
is maintained where art objects may be classified.

The school is at the northwest corner of Broad and Pine Streets; porch
of this building, facing Broad Street, is a fine example of Tuscan
architecture, erected, 1828. The school has forty instructors. Free
scholarships are given in each county of this state. This is the leading
school in America in associating the study of art with practical
training; through its equipment students not only design, but actually
manufacture; it includes a complete textile plant with looms, dye house,
and all related appliances which make possible the production of most
artistic fabrics; other courses are cast and wrought metal; furniture;
leather work; pottery; garden furniture in cement; mosaic; also the
Normal Art Courses, illustration; architectural drawing; modeling;
interior decoration; book binding. Classes are attended by men and
women, who pursue exactly the same studies. Graduates are sought to fill
lucrative positions as designers; artistic craftsmen; and art teachers.

DREXEL INSTITUTE, Thirty-second and Chestnut Streets. A day and evening
technical school of Art, Science, and Industry for men and women;
founded by Anthony J. Drexel, 1891; Renaissance, brick; architects,
Wilson Brothers. The leading American and European current periodicals
relating to art, science, and technology are in the library. Art Gallery
contains collections owned by John D. Lankenau, works by modern German
masters, and Anthony J. Drexel, works of International, contemporary,
modern painters. The Museum, open free 10.00 A.M. to 5.00 P.M. daily,
except Sundays, includes examples of Industrial Art and the Decorative
Arts of India, Egypt, China, Japan, and Europe.

GRAPHIC SKETCH CLUB, 719 Catharine Street, founded by Samuel S. Fleisher
in 1899, to provide, free, an art center which should give the culture
craved by many intelligent young people, to whom it had been denied by
circumstances. The Club House is open only at night, Saturday
afternoons, and all day Sundays. This is an Art Club in effect, as well
as name; rooms are artistically furnished in beautiful color harmonies,
and embellished with choice bronzes bought at our Academy exhibitions,
and fine porcelains. Students are educated in art, for the practical
good it will do them, and cultural growth; all are day workers. The
faculty is composed of well known artists; classes include portrait and
still life painting; illustration and sculpture. From this school have
gone some of the most original workers in the schools of the Academy of
the Fine Arts. Landscape classes are in session during the summer.
Lectures are given on art or musical topics. Membership in the Club is
attained by attendance in the classes for three years.

PUBLIC ART SCHOOL, Park Avenue and Master Street, founded by Charles G.
Leland, now under the direction of the Board of Public Education; open
to pupils in grammar grades of public schools. A course of study was
planned, including drawing, clay modeling, and wood carving, to train
students to originate design, and do the manual work as well, so that
the designer should be the artisan also.

ART CLUB, 220 South Broad Street. Annual exhibition of paintings and
sculpture, gold medal awarded; and special shows by individual artists.

ART JURY, City Hall, Philadelphia, created by Act of Legislature, 1907,
providing, “That in every city of first class, there shall be an Art
Jury, composed of the Mayor and eight others, of whom shall be, one
each, painter, sculptor, architect, and Park Commissioner, to pass upon
design and location of all buildings; bridges; arches; fountains; or
fixtures to be erected in the city.”

CITY PARKS ASSOCIATION, City Hall.

DARBY SCHOOL OF PAINTING, Fort Washington, Montgomery County. Outdoor
classes. Hugh H. Breckenridge, 10 South 18th Street, Philadelphia.

FAIRMOUNT PARK ART ASSOCIATION, organized, 1871. 320 S. Broad Street.

PENNSYLVANIA SOCIETY OF MINIATURE PAINTERS, organized, 1901. Annual fall
exhibition, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts.

PHILADELPHIA CHAPTER, AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS, 1301 Stephen
Girard Building; organized, 1869.

THE PHILADELPHIA SKETCH CLUB (men), 235 South Camac Street, organized,
1860. Annual fall exhibitions of members’ work; also special
exhibitions.

PHILADELPHIA WATER-COLOR CLUB, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts,
annual international exhibitions; also Traveling exhibitions of members’
work.

PLASTIC CLUB, women, 247 South Camac Street; organized, 1897. Annual and
special exhibitions; lectures, and sketch classes.

T-SQUARE CLUB, 204 South Quince Street, founded, 1881. Annual
architectural exhibition; drafting; decorative painting; modeling; and
architecture in coöperation with Society of Beaux-Arts Architects, New
York City.

The D’ASCENZO STUDIOS, for Stained Glass, 1604 Summer Street, founded
twenty years ago, include designing; painting; firing; and glazing; work
is begun and completed, in both modern and antique, with preference for
the antique school, for architectural fitness and conventionality; also
glass mosaic and mural decoration. D’Ascenzo’s art may be seen in many
important churches and buildings in this country; in the Chapel at
Valley Forge, and in Philadelphia may be mentioned St. Mark’s Protestant
Episcopal Church, Frankford; St. James’ Protestant Episcopal Church,
Twenty-second and Walnut Streets; St. Patrick’s Roman Catholic Church,
Twentieth and Locust Streets; Synagogue Rodeph Shalom, Philadelphia.

WILLIAM WILLET AND ANNIE LEE WILLET STUDIOS, FOR STAINED GLASS, 226
South Eleventh Street, formerly of Pittsburgh. While all the world is
deploring the loss of the magnificent old glass in the cathedrals of
Europe, here the art of fused glass has been raised to such perfection
that their great windows have all that the old work has, of depth, glow,
and shadow, under modern conditions of stability; among their notable
windows are, the Sanctuary Window, West Point Military Chapel, New York;
Proctor Hall, the Graduate School, Princeton, New Jersey, great west
window; many in the churches and public buildings of Pittsburgh, Chicago
and elsewhere; in and near Philadelphia, in Summit Presbyterian Church,
Carpenter and West View Streets, Germantown; St. Michael’s Sanctuary
window, High Street, Germantown; John Chambers Memorial Church; The
Buchanan Memorial, St. Nathaniel’s Church, Kensington; the Harrison
Memorial; Holy Trinity Church, Nineteenth and Walnut; the Leta Sullivan
in the Assumption, Strafford.

Notable private art collections in Philadelphia, that may sometimes be
seen by writing for permit, which for variety and value, have few peers
are:

[Illustration: THE TRAGIC MUSE

From the Edward Hornor Coates Memorial Collection

_Painted by Violet Oakley_ _Courtesy of the Pennsylvania Academy of the
Fine Arts_]

P. A. B. WIDENER’S, several hundred choice and rare paintings, mostly
masterpieces of great artists of the Renaissance, and modern.

The W. L. ELKINS; many fine examples of medieval and modern portraiture,
landscape and genre painting.

The JOHN MCFADDEN, best collection of solely eighteenth century English
paintings in this country.

The EDWARD T. STOTESBURY, masterpieces of the English School and
international contemporary art.

Should these collections accompany the WILSTACH, now in Memorial Hall,
to the Municipal Art Museum in Fairmount Park, now under construction,
it would begin its career with a wealth of paintings, more comprehensive
and valuable than any that ever inaugurated a similar institution, not
excepting the Louvre, Pitti, Dresden, National in London, and
Metropolitan, New York, which grew from small beginnings, thus placing
the highest products of art within equal and easy reach of all classes.
This Museum will constitute the central feature of a comprehensive plan
in progress, at the head of the Parkway, for a real art center, more
imposing in scale and impressive in its entire effect than any similar
art center in any American City. The PENNSYLVANIA ACADEMY OF THE FINE
ARTS has been granted a site facing the Fairmount Plaza, also the
PENNSYLVANIA MUSEUM AND SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL ART.

ARMY AND NAVY

THE FIRST CITY TROOP, Armory, Twenty-third Street, above Chestnut;
founded in 1778. An exclusive social organization. Oldest military
command in the United States in continuous active service; its
traditions of active service are as loyally preserved as its rights as
escort of the President, and other distinguished men. In the
Spanish-American War in 1898, “The Troop” was the first body of cavalry
landed at Porto Rico. The “Gentlemen of Philadelphia” met in
Independence Hall, November 17, 1774, and formed a company of cavalry
called, “The Light Horse of the City of Philadelphia”; they were
dismissed by Washington after the Revolution in 1778, and reorganized
immediately as the First City Troop; the Troop voted to give the
certificate of dismissal, signed by Washington, to their captain, Samuel
Morris; the paper is now in possession of the decendants of Elliston P.
Morris, of Germantown. FRANKFORD ARSENAL, Bridge and Tacony Streets;
local station, Bridesburg; open, free, daily, 7.45 A.M. to sunset.
Established, 1814; President Madison was at the opening exercises.
Lafayette stopped at the Arsenal in 1824. Here are complete small arms
cartridge factory equipment; artillery cartridge factory equipment; and
machine plant for the manufacture of inspecting instruments; sights for
cannon; range finders; and other instruments for fire control at the
fortifications, etc. PHILADELPHIA NAVY YARD, League Island, about 1000
acres; junction of Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers; deeded to the
National Government by the City of Philadelphia in 1868. Open to the
public daily between 9.00 A.M. and 4.00 P.M. Established about 1794 on
the Delaware River front, at Prime Street. A large number of the old
wooden ships of the Navy were built here, such as the ships of the line,
_Franklin_, _Pennsylvania_ and _North Carolina_; frigates, _United
States_, _Raritan_, and _Guerriere_; sloops of war, _Vandalia_,
_Germantown_, and _Dale_; screw steamers, _Princeton_, _Wabash_, and
_Lancaster_; side wheel steamers, _Mississippi_ and _Susquehanna_. At
present there are two dry docks; shops employ 2000 men; three large
barrack buildings for the use of marines stationed at the Yard
accommodate 1400 men. Admiral Benson, former Commandant, considers this
the best Navy Yard in the Government’s possession, being in the center
of coal and iron industries, within short haul, both by rail and water,
for all material required by a great navy yard; its nearness to great
private shipyards on the Delaware provides skilled mechanics in the art
of ship-building, and the fresh water feature, being unique, is of great
importance; barnacles accumulated in salt water drop off in fresh water,
simply by docking here for short periods. There is also a large Reserve
Basin called the Back Channel, where ships out of commission can be laid
up until wanted. The berthing facilities may be indefinitely extended by
constructing additional sea wall and piers. FORT MIFFLIN, below mouth of
the Schuylkill, has casement dungeons, and earthen banks of early
warfare, and was prominent in the Revolutionary War; designed and built
by Major Louis de Tousard in 1798. Now, in the magazines, ammunition
from government battleships is stored, before they enter the Navy Yard;
the magazines are surrounded by poles, on each pole is a lightning rod.
UNITED STATES NAVAL ASYLUM, Gray’s Ferry Avenue below Bainbridge Street,
classic, marble; has Museum of Uniforms.

HISTORIC BURIAL GROUNDS

The earliest were connected with churches; some date almost from the
beginning of the city.

=Baptist.= BLOCKLEY CEMETERY, Meeting-House Lane, between Lancaster Avenue
and Haverford Street; ground given, 1804. Church is at Fifty-third
Street and Wyalusing Avenue. DUNKER, Germantown, on Germantown Avenue
above Sharpnack Street; oldest meeting-house of the German Baptists, or
Dunkers, in America; erected, 1770. Burial ground opened, 1793; in it
lie Alexander Mack, founder of the sect, and Harriet Livermore, the
“Pilgrim Stranger” of Whittier’s “Snow Bound.” MENNONITE, Germantown
Avenue above Herman Street; church was built, 1770; many early
Germantown settlers are buried in the yard. PENNYPACK, or LOWER DUBLIN,
Krewston Road near Pennypack Creek, one mile from Bustleton; here is
oldest Baptist church edifice in Pennsylvania, built about 1707; in the
old time graveyard are many curious moss covered tombstones.

=Friends.= When the graves are marked the stones are always small and
inconspicuous. FAIRHILL MEETING, Germantown Avenue and Cambria Street;
ground granted by William Penn; a large and beautiful old cemetery and
near “Fairhill,” the great Norris estate. THE MEETING HOUSE, Fourth and
Arch Streets, was built in 1804, but the ground was used for burials
many years before; it is one of the oldest cemeteries in Philadelphia.
Some of the most prominent citizens of very early days lie here with
nothing to mark their resting-place; it is computed that twenty thousand
persons are interred here.

=Jewish.= MIKVEH ISRAEL, on Spruce Street, near Ninth; ground was granted
to Nathan Levy by John Penn in 1738; here lies the beautiful Rebecca
Gratz, original of Rebecca in Scott’s “Ivanhoe.” In August, 1913, the
little burial ground was opened for the interment of her grandniece, the
first burial for thirty years. MOUNT SINAI, Frankford Avenue, near
Bridge Street, has imposing entrance, erected, 1854.

=Lutheran.= ST. MICHAEL’S, Germantown Avenue and Phil-Ellena Street, joins
the church built about 1730; a notable grave, with flat marble stone
resting on four columns, is that of Christopher Ludwig, “baker general”
to the American army during the Revolution.

=Methodist.= ST. PAUL’S, Catharine Street near Sixth. Church is now used
as an Italian mission; has a small graveyard.

=Presbyterian.= OF FIRST AND THIRD CHURCHES, Southwest corner of Fourth
and Pine Streets, First Church, Seventh and Locust Streets, has the
eastern section. When the First Church abandoned its old Market Street
site for the present locality, the bodies were moved whenever possible,
and many of the old headstones were inserted in the south wall of the