[Illustration: 1030. Ruins of House of Manco Capac, in Cuzco. (From a
Sketch by J. B. Pentland.)]

Both from its style and the traditions attached to it, the oldest
building of the Incas seems to be that called the house of Manco Capac,
on an island in the Lake of Titicaca. The part shown in the woodcut (No.
1030) is curvilinear in form, standing on a low terrace, and surmounted
by upper chambers, hardly deserving the name of towers. All the doorways
have sloping jambs, and the masonry is of rude, irregular polygonal
blocks of no great size. Inside the wall are a number of small square
chambers, lighted only from the doorway.

A more advanced specimen of building, though inferior in masonry, is the
two-storeyed edifice called the House of the Nuns, or of the Virgins of
the Sun, in the same place (Woodcut No. 1031). It is nearly square in
plan, though with low projecting wings on one side, and is divided into
twelve small square rooms on the ground-floor, and as many similar rooms
above them. Several of these chambers were surrounded by others, and
those that had no doors externally had no openings like windows (except
one with two slits in the upper storey); and they must have been as dark
as dungeons, unless the upper ones were lighted from the roof, which is
by no means improbable. The most striking architectural features they
possess are the doorways, which exactly resemble the Etruscan, both in
shape and mode of decoration. We are able in this case to rely upon the
accuracy of the representation, so that there can be no doubt of the
close similarity.

Another building on the island of Coata, in the sacred lake of Titicaca,
is raised on five low terraces, and surrounds three sides of a
courtyard, its principal decoration being a range of doorways, some of
them false ones, constructed with upright jambs, but contracted at the
top by projecting courses of masonry, like inverted stairs—in this
instance, however, only imitative, as the building is of rubble.

[Illustration: 1031. House of the Virgins of the Sun. (From a Sketch by
J. B. Pentland.)]

The masonry of the principal tomb represented in the Woodcut No. 1032
may be taken as a fair specimen of the middle style of masonry; less
rude than that of the house of Manco Capac, but less perfect than that
of many subsequent examples. It is square in plan—a rare form for a tomb
in any part of the world—and flat-roofed. The sepulchral chamber
occupies the base, and is covered by a floor, above which is the only
opening. The other tomb in the background is likewise square, but
differs from the first in being of better masonry, and having been
originally covered, apparently, with a dome-shaped roof either of clay
or stucco. Some of these tombs are circular, though the square form
seems more common, in those at least which have been noticed by
Europeans.

[Illustration: 1032. Peruvian Tombs. (From a Drawing by J. B.
Pentland.)]

A specimen of the perfected masonry of the Peruvians is represented in
the Woodcut No. 1033. It is a portion of the wall of a Caravanserai, or
_Tambos_, erected by the last Incas on the great road they made from
their oldest capital, Cuzco, to Sinca. The road was itself perhaps the
most extraordinary work of their race, being built of large blocks of
hard stone, fitted together with the greatest nicety, and so well
constructed as to remain entire to the present day in remote parts where
uninjured by the hand of man.

The masonry here, as will be observed, is in regular courses, and
beautifully executed, the joints being perfectly fitted, and so close as
hardly to be visible, except that the stones are slightly convex on
their faces, something after the manner of our rustications.

[Illustration: 1033. Elevation of Wall of Tambos. (From Humboldt’s
‘Atlas Pittoresque.’)]

Intermediate between the two extremes just mentioned are the walls of
Cuzco, the ancient capital of the kingdom, forming altogether the most
remarkable specimen now existing of the masonry of the ancient
Peruvians. They are composed of immense blocks of limestone, of
polygonal form, but beautifully fitted together; some of the stones are
8 and 10 ft. in length, by at least half as much in width and depth, and
weigh from fifteen to twenty tons; these are piled one over the other in
three successive terraces, and, as may be seen from the plan, are
arranged with a degree of skill nowhere else to be met with in any work
of fortification anterior to the invention of gunpowder. To use a modern
term, it is a fortification _en tenaille_; the re-entering angles are
generally right angles, so contrived that every part is seen, and as
perfectly flanked as in the best European fortifications of the present
day.

[Illustration: 1034. Sketch Plans of Walls of Cuzco. No scale.]

[Illustration: 1035. View of Walls of Cuzco. (From a Sketch by J. B.
Pentland.)]

It is not a little singular that this perfection should have been
reached by a rude people in Southern America while it escaped the Greeks
and Romans, as well as the Mediæval engineers. The true method of its
attainment was never discovered in Europe until it was forced on the
attention of military men by the discovery of gunpowder. Here it is used
by a people who never had, so far as we know, an external war, but who,
nevertheless, have designed the most perfectly planned fortress we know.

Between these various specimens are many more, some less perfect than
the walls of Cuzco, showing great irregularity in the form, and a
greater admixture of large and small stones, than are there found;
others, in which all the blocks are nearly of the same size, and the
angles approach nearly to a right angle. Examples occur of every
intermediate gradation between the house of Manco Capac (Woodcut No.
1030) and the Tambos (Woodcut No. 1033), precisely corresponding with
the gradual progress of art in Latium, or any European country where the
Cyclopean or Pelasgic style of building has been found. So much is this
the case, that a series of examples collected by Mr. Pentland from the
Peruvian remains might be engraved for a description of Italy, and
Dodwell’s illustrations of those of Italy would serve equally to
illustrate the buildings of South America.

From what has been said above, it seems by no means improbable that at
some future time we may be able to trace a connection between the styles
of architecture existing in Central America and those on the eastern
shores of the Old World; but, for the present at least, that of Peru
must be considered as one of the isolated styles of the world. At the
same time it must be confessed that no style offers more tempting baits
to those who are inclined to speculate on such a subject. The sloping
jambs, the window cornices, the polygonal masonry, and other forms, so
closely resemble what is found in the old Pelasgic cities of Greece and
Italy, that it is difficult to resist the conclusion that there may be
some relation between them. Either, it may be argued, men in certain
circumstances do the same things in the same manner, as instinctively as
bees or beavers, or by some means or other the arts of the Old World
have been transferred to the New. In the present instance, at all
events, the latter view can hardly be sustained. The distance of 2000
years in time that elapsed between the erection of the European and
American examples is too great to be easily bridged over, and the
distance in space is a still more insuperable objection. Even, however,
if it were attempted to explain these away, the introduction of the
Aymara style is in itself sufficient to settle the question. If that
style preceded that of the Incas, as there is every reason to believe it
did, it cuts across any such speculations. Its jambs are perpendicular,
its angles rigidly rectangular, its surfaces smooth, and it is
altogether as unlike the style that succeeded it as can well be
conceived. We seem, therefore, forced to the conclusion that the sloping
jambs of Inca architecture are only a natural expedient for shortening
the length of the lintel, and their polygonal masonry probably arose
from the surfaces of cleavage or fracture, into which certain kinds of
stones naturally split.

Although, therefore, we are unable, with our present knowledge, to trace
the external relation of the Peruvians to the other races of the
American continent, there can be no doubt that when her architectural
remains are properly investigated, we shall understand her history, and
be able to assign to her civilization its proper rank, as compared with
that of other nations. Eventually, also, we need not despair of being
able to determine whether the gentle subjects of the Incas belonged to
the Polynesian, or to which other of the great families of mankind.

When, indeed, we look back on the progress that has been achieved in the
last few years, it seems difficult to assign a limit to the extent to
which architecture may be employed in investigations of this sort. It
was not, of course, even possible to rise to the conception of such a
scheme for tracing the affinities of mankind, till the greater part of
the world had been explored, and a sufficient amount of knowledge
attained to render it certain that no such exceptions existed as would
invalidate the general conclusions arrived at. Now, however, that this
has been done, and that we are enabled to survey and to group the whole,
it may safely be asserted that the great stone book on which men of all
countries and all ages have engraved their thoughts, and to which they
have committed their highest aspirations, is, of all those of its class
now open to us, the most attractive, and for some purposes the most
instructive. No one who has followed the inquiry can well doubt that in
a few years more, architectural ethnology will take its proper rank as
one of the most important adjuncts to all inquiries into the affinities
and development of the various families of mankind.

                       INDEX TO VOLS. I. AND II.

                                -------

  [The volumes are indicated by Roman, the pages by Arabic, numerals.]

 Aarhuus, church at, ii, 320.
   The Frue Kirke, 321.

 Abbeville, ii, 160.

 Abbeys, Cistercian, i, 14.
   Cluny, ii, 95. 99.
   Plan, 98.
   Abbaye aux Hommes and Abbaye aux Dames, Caen, 111-116.
   St. Denis, 122.
   Corvey, 221.
   Their sites in England, 388.
   Kilconnel, 445.
   Jerpoint, 457.

 Abd-el-Melik, mosques erected or restored by, ii, 517-522.

 Abd-el-Rahman, mosque founded by, ii, 543-547.

 Abencerrages, hall of the, ii, 554.

 Aberbrothock, ii, 438.

 Aberdeen Cathedral, nave and spires, ii, 437.
   Material employed, _ibid._

 Abernethy, Scotland, architectural element at, ii, 419.

 Abo, Finland, church at, ii, 315.

 Abou Abdallah, court in the Alhambra built by, ii, 552.

 Abouseer, Pyramid temple of, i, 107.

 Abraham’s burial-place, i, 294. 363.

 Absalom, so-called tomb of, i, 369.

 Abû Gosh (Kirjath-Jearim), noteworthy church at, ii, 36.

 Abydus, remains of temples at, i, 128.
   Plans, _ibid._
   Historical value of the tablet found there, 129.
   Fortress of, 137.
   Arch in the temple, 128. 214.

 Acropolis, restored view of the, i, 240.
   Plan, 251.
   Early temple, 252.

 Adrian I., Pope, first church-tower builder, i, 578.

 Ægina, age of temple at, i, 252.
   Dimensions, _ibid. note_.
   Restored, 252.

 Aerschot, Belgium, church at, ii, 194.

 Æsthetic element in art, i, 4-10.

 Africa, basilican churches in, i, 508-511.

 Aghadoe, near Killarney, doorway at, ii, 448.

 S. Agnese, basilican church, Rome, its date, i, 515.
   Aisles, 515. 522.
   Section and plan, 522.

 S. Agostino, basilican church, Rome, i, 515.
   Its style, 517.

 Agrigentum, Doric temples at, i, 254.
   Telamones in the great temple, 269.
   Plan, 271.
   Peculiarities of form and construction, _ibid._
   Elevation and section, 273.
   How lighted, 274.

 Agrippa, baths said to have been built by, i, 343.

 Ahmed, Sultan, mosque founded by, ii, 562.

 Aigues Mortes, fortified town of, ii, 186.

 Aillas, façade of church at, ii, 78.

 Ainay, St. Martin d’, Lyons, west front of church, ii, 95.

 Aisles in basilican churches, Rome, i, 515.
   Their alleged indispensability, ii, 83.
   Example of five aisles, 151.
   Seven aisles, 195.

 Aitchison, Prof., Iron girders in Baths of Caracalla, i, 346 _note_.

 Aix, France, baptistery at, ii, 59.
   Cloister, 61.

 Aix-la-Chapelle, circular church at, its founder, &c., ii, 247.
   Plan and arrangements, 248.
   Choir, _ibid._
   Charlemagne’s palace, 256.

 Aizaini, temple at, i, 228.

 Albano, tomb of Aruns at, i, 299.

 S. Alban’s, ii, 411.

 Alby Cathedral, peculiarities of its construction, ii, 69. 181.
   _See_ ii, 367. 486.

 Alcala, Paranimfo at, ii, 497 _note_.

 Alcantara, Trajan’s bridge at, i, 352. 387.

 Alcazar, Seville, ii, 551.

 Alcobaça, church at, ii, 509.

 Alet, apse at, ii, 54.
   Interior, _ibid._
   _See_ 467.

 Alexander Severus, Column of Victory erected by, i, 353.

 Alexandria, Diocletian’s column at, i, 353.

 Algeria, architecture of, ii, 541.

 Al-Hadhr, palace and edifices at, i, 390, 392-395.

 Alhambra, the, ii, 545. 551-554.
   Date, founders, &c., 551.
   Plan, 552.
   Materials of the building, Court of Lions, &c., 553, 554.

 Alma-Tadema, velarium of amphitheatre, i, 340 _note_.

 Alost, belfry of, ii, 200.

 Alsace, ii, 44.
   Churches: Rosheim, ii, 239.
     Ottmarsheim, 250.
     Thann, 276.
   _See_ Strasburg.

 Altenberg, near Cologne, merits of church of, ii, 268.
   Cloisters, 261.

 Altenfurt, circular chapel at, ii, 254.

 Alyattes, tomb or tumulus of, i, 230, 231. 294. 296.

 Amalfi, cloisters at, i, 605.

 Amati, façade of Milan Cathedral finished by, i, 629.

 Amenemhat III., pyramid of, i, 141.
   Inscriptions in labyrinth, i, 112.

 Amenhotep III., tomb of, i, 133.

 America, ancient, architecture of, ii, 563.

 Amiens Cathedral, ii, 53, 131.
   Its plan, 135.
   Proportional defects, 140.
   Flying buttresses, 173.
   Stalls, 181.
   Compared with Cologne, 270, 271.
   With English examples, 373, 380, 381, 384, 385.

 Amphitheatre: Etruscan, at Sutrium, i, 293. 337 and _note_.
   Flavian, or Colosseum, Rome, 337-340.
   Capua, Nîmes, 340.
   Verona, Pola, 341.
   Otricoli, the ‘Castrense,’ Arles, 342.

 Amrith, peculiar monument and tomb at, i, 239.

 Amru, mosque of, ii, 30.
   Date and original dimensions, 525.
   Ground-plan and arches, 526, 527.
   Minaret, 534.

 Amsterdam, churches at, ii, 207.

 Ancona, Trajan’s arch at, i, 347.

 Ancyra, church of St. Clement at, i, 455.

 Andernach, church at, ii, 238.
   The Weigh-tower, 296.

 S. Andrew’s, Scotland, cathedral of, ii, 437.

 S. Angeli, Perugia, circular church of, i, 545, 546.

 S. Angelo, castle of, Rome, i, 356.

 St. Angelo, Mont, baptistery of, i, 601.

 Angers, cathedral of, ii, 81.
   Church of St. Trinité, 82.
   St. Sergius, 84.
   Arches recently discovered, castle, &c., 88.

 Angilbertus, silver altar of, i, 567.

 Angoulême, domical cathedral of, ii, 68.
   Plan and section, 68.
   Façade, 79.

 Ani, capital of Armenia, cathedral of, i, 473.
   Side elevation, 474.
   Tombs, 475.
   Capital, 477.

 Anjou, architectural province of, its boundaries, &c., ii, 41, 43.
   Age of its greatest splendour, 81.
   Examples of its church architecture, 81-87.
   Conventual buildings, castles, &c., 87-88.

 Announa, Algeria, basilican church at, i, 509.

 Antelami’s baptistery, Parma, ii, 12.

 Anthemius of Thralles, great architectural work of, i, 440.

 Antinoë, Hadrian’s arch at, i, 348.

 Antioch, Constantine’s church at, i, 432.

 Antoninus and Faustina, temple of, i, 311, 317.

 Antrim, tower-doorway in, ii, 451 _note_, 452.

 Antwerp Cathedral, ii, 138. 188.
   Proportional defects, 195.
   Plan, 196.
   Church of St. Jacques, 197.
   Boucherie, 204.
   Exchange, 205.

 Apocalyptic churches, the seven, ii, 446.

 SS. Apollinare Nuovo and Apollinare-in-Classe, Ravenna, basilicas of,
    i, 528-530.

 Apollo, temples of: Branchidæ, i, 258.
   Bassæ, 254, 265, 270.

 Apollo Didymæus, Ionic temple to, i, 256.
   Dimensions, 258.

 Apollo Epicurius, Doric temple of, i, 254.

 Apostles, churches dedicated to the: Constantinople, i, 451, 531; ii,
    557.
   Cologne, 191.

 Appian Way, i, 385.

 Apse, early example of, i, 316.
   Its use in Roman basilicas, 329. 332. 507.
   In early Christian churches, 509, 510. 512. 523.
   Ravenna, 528-531. 536.
   Polygonal apses, i, 528. 532. 537 and _note_.
   Treble apse, 538.
   Torcello, 539.
   Byzantine examples: Qalb Louzeh, 425.
     Thessalonica, 458.
     Athens, 460.
     Mistra, 463.
   Italian examples: Pavia, 565.
     St. Ambrogio, 566.
     Verona, 570.
     San Pellino, 592, 593 and _note_.
   Lydda, ii, 37.
   Singular example at St. Quinide, 53.
   Alet, 54.
   Triapsal church, Planes, 59.
   Cruas, 60.
   Romanesque form, 73.
   The apse proper as distinguished from the chevet, _ibid._
   Querqueville, 110.
   St. Stephen’s, Caen, 111.
   Bayeux, 118.
   Gernrode, 220.
   Trèves, 224.
   Mayence, 230.
   Cologne, 233-234.
   Bonn, 235.
   Scandinavian example, 315.
   St. Bartolomeo, Toledo, 497.
   Use made of the apse, 388.
   _See_ Chevet.

 Apulia, churches in, i, 582. 592.

 Aqueduct: Etruscan, at Tusculum, i, 301.
   Rome, at Nîmes, Segovia, and Tarragona, 385, 386.

 Aquileja, basilican church at, ii, 220 _note_.

 Aquitania, architectural boundaries of, ii, 41, 42.
   Style peculiar to the province, 64.
   Examples of same, 64-80.
   Chevet churches, 72-76.
   Façades, 78.

 Arabs, architectural habits of the, ii, 514.
   Considerations in regard to their immigration into other lands,
      513-515.

 Arbroath, ii, 438.

 Arc de l’Etoile, Paris, i, 30.

 Arcades of the Romans, i, 313.
   At Spalato, 314.
   St. John Lateran, 599.
   German example, ii, 257.
   Holyrood, 436.
   Saracenic, 528.

 Arch, objection of the Hindus to the, i, 22. 217.
   To what extent known to the Egyptians, 214-218.
   Examples at Nimroud and Khorsabad, 215.
   Oldest in Europe, 216.
   Delos, 245.
   Etruscan examples, 300, 301.
   Advances of the Romans, 306.
   Ctesiphon, 399.
   Thessalonica, 421.
   Screen at Angers, ii, 88.
   Horseshoe arch at Göllingen, 238.
   Oxford, 366.
   Jedburgh, 421.
   Kelso, 422.
   Holyrood, 436.
   Clonmacnoise, 452.
   Mosque of Amru, 525.
   _See_ Pointed Arches. Triumphal Arches.

 Archæology an essential adjunct in Ethnological studies, i, 53. 84, 85.
   Instance of its value, 241.

 Architecture: points of view from which it may be studied; value of the
    historic method, i, 3.
   Principles distinguishing it from painting and sculpture, 4.
   Their office in connection with it, 5.
   Earlier and later systems: result of the latter, 11, 12.
   Definition of the art and elucidations of same, 12, 13.
   Respective provinces of engineer and architect, 15, 16.
   Technical principles: Mass, 16.
     Stability, 17.
     Durability, 18.
     Materials, 19.
     Construction, 22.
     Forms, 25.
     Proportion, 26.
     Carved ornament, 31.
     Decorative colour, 35.
     Sculpture and painting, 37.
     Uniformity, 39.
     Imitation of Nature, 40.
     Association, 43.
     New style, 44.
     Prospects, 47.
   Essential fact in connection with architectural history, 55.
   Chief divisions therein, 87, 88, 89.
   Various styles: Egyptian, i, 91.
     Assyrian, 151.
     Greece, 240.
     Etruscan and Roman, 289.
     Parthian and Sassanian, 389.
     Byzantine, 419.
     Russian, 484.
   Italy, 500.
   France, ii, 39.
   Belgium and Holland, 187.
   Germany, 209.
   Scandinavia, 313.
   England, 335.
   Spain and Portugal, 460.
   Saracenic, 512.
   Ancient American, 583.

 Ardmore, bas-relief at, ii, 448.
   Round tower, 454.

 Arezzo, church of Sta. Maria at, i, 588.

 d’Argent, Mark, church erected by, ii, 122. 157. 273.

 Aristotile Fioravanti of Bologna, Russian church ascribed to, i, 492.

 Arles, amphitheatre at, i, 342.
   Church of St. Trophime, ii, 51, 52.
   Tower, 60.
   Cloisters, 61.
   _See_ 29. 402.

 Armenia, i, 466.
   Examples of its architecture, 466-478.
   _See_ Ani.

 Arnolfo di Lapo, cathedral built by, 617-622.

 Arpino, Etruscan gateway at, i, 301.

 Arranmore, Galway, ii, 446 _note_.

 Arsinoë, Column of Victory at, i, 353.

 Artemisia, tomb erected by, i, 282.

 Aruns, tomb at Albano of, i, 299, 300.

 Aryans, first users of iron, i, 56.
   Their origin, migrations, &c., 75, 76.
   Purity and exaltedness of their religion, 76, 77.
   Form of government, prevalence of caste, &c., 78, 79.
   Morals and Literature: result of the perfect structure of their
      language, 79, 80.
   Why the Fine Arts do not flourish among them, 81.
   Their proficiency in the useful arts, 82.
   Their true mission, 83.
   In Russia, 484.
   In Spain, ii, 462.
   _See_ i, 65. 71. 73, 74. 251. ii, 337.

 Asia Minor, advantageous position of, epoch of its history, &c., i,
    229.
   Oldest remains, 230.
   Tumuli and rock-cut monuments, 230-232.
   Lycia and its tombs, 233-239.
   Existence of an Ionic order, 256.
   Corinthian example, 257.
   Theatres, 280.
   Turkish conquest, ii, 515.

 Asoka, Buddhist king, result of his alliance with Megas, i, 285 _note_.
   _See_ ii, 586.

 Assisi, church at, i, 611, 612.

 Assos, gateway at, i, 246.

 Assyria, result of recent discoveries in, i, 255.

 Assyrians, borrowings of the Greeks from the, i, 33. 35. 154.
   Examples of their architecture how preserved, 68.
   Occasion of their rise, 152.
   M. Botta’s exploration, 154.
   Chronological epochs, 155.
   Chaldean period, 157-167.
   Palatial architecture: sources of information, 168.
   Babylonian and Ninevite palaces. 169.
   Buildings at Khorsabad, 171-181.
   Peculiarity of construction common to their palaces, 172.
   Interior of a Yezidi house, 182.
   Houses of the humbler classes, 183.
   Sculptured representations of buildings, 187-189.
   Temples and tombs, 191.
   Value of their wall-sculptures, 193.
   Rank to be assigned to their architecture, _ibid._
   Purposes for which only they used stone, 194.
   Users of the pointed arch, ii, 45.
   _See_ Chaldean. Khorsabad. Koyunjik.

 Asti, baptistery at: Plan i, 561.
   Description, 562.
   Church and Porch, 610.
   View of the Porch, 611.
   Tower, ii, 6.

 Asturias, churches in the, ii, 464.

 Athens, influence on art of the admixture of races at, i, 242.
   Temples, 252, 253. 324.
   The Propylæa, 254.
   Corinthian examples, 257.
   Hadrian’s arch, 348.
   Byzantine churches: Panagia Lycodemo, i, 460, 461. 463.
   Cathedral, 461.

 Athos, Mount, convents at, i, 459, 460.

 Atreus, treasury or tomb of, i, 243.
   Fragment of column, 244.

 Atrium, the, in basilican churches, i, 513.
   Novara, 562.
   San Ambrogio, Milan, 566.

 Augsburg Cathedral, ii, 286.

 Augustan age, sole remains of the i, 315.
   S. Augustine, Canterbury, original church of, ii, 344.

 Augustus, arches erected by, i, 347.
   His tomb, 355.

 Autun, double-arched Roman gates at, i, 349.
   Aisle and nave of cathedral, ii, 100.
   Its spire, 149.

 Auvergne, architectural province of, ii, 41. 43.
   Its peculiar features, physical and architectural, 89.
   Central towers and vaults, 90.
   Chevets, 91, 92.
   Fortified church, 93.

 Auxerre Cathedral, chevet and lady chapel of, ii, 147.

 Avallon, ii, 95.

 Avignon, cathedral at, ii, 50.
   Porch, 51.
   St. Paul-Trois-Châteaux, 55.
   Palace of the popes, 186.

 Avila, church of San Vicente, ii, 473.
   Western porch, 474.

 Axum, obelisks at, i, 150.

 Azhar, mosque of, ii, 30.
   Date and character, 530.

 Aztecs and Toltecs, early inhabitants of Mexico, ii, 583-585.
   Inference from their architectural remains, 589.
   _See_ Mexico.

 Baalbec, magnitude of the stones used at, i, 19. 326.
   Frieze there, 311.
   Remains of the great temple, 325.
   Plan, elevation, &c., of the smaller temple, 325.

 Babouda, Syria, chapel at, i, 426.

 Babylon, palaces of, materials of their construction, &c., i, 169, 194.

 Bacharach, St. Werner’s chapel at, ii, 288.

 Bagdad, ii, 548.
   Materials of its buildings, 567.
   Absence of remains: its ancient splendour, 567.
   Tomb of Zobeidé, 568.

 Bahram Gaur, fourteenth Sassanian King, i, 393.

 S. Balbina, basilican church, Rome, its date, i, 515.

 Baldwin of Constantinople, building founded by, ii, 200.

 Ballyromney Court, Cork, Irish mansion, ii, 458.

 Bamberg, Church of St. Jacob at, ii, 240.
   Cathedral, 286.

 Baptisteries, i, 512.
   of Constantine and his daughter, 544.
   Nocera dei Pagani, 546, 547.
   St. John, Ravenna, 547.
   Florence, 551.
   Novara, 552.
   Asti, 561.
   Mont St. Angelo, 601.
   Parma, ii, 1.
   Aix; Riez, 459.
   Bonn, Ratisbon, and Cobern, 252-253.
   Meissen, 289.

 Baquoza, Syria, Byzantine church at, 422, 423.

 Barbarossa’s palace, Gelnhausen, ii, 256.

 Barbary, ii, 515.
   Examples of its architecture, 538-541.

 Barcelona, church of San Pablo, ii, 464.
   Plan and detail, 466.
   Cathedral, plan and dimensions, 485.
   Churches of SS. Maria del Mar and del Pi, 486.

 Bari Cathedral, i, 592.
   Plan, 591.
   East end, 592.
   Defects in the towers, 605.
   Dome, 600.
   Church of San Nicolo, 594.
     view of, 594.

 Barletta, i, 595.

 S. Bartolomeo in Isola, basilican church, Rome, its date, i, 515.

 Basilicas, importance attached by the Romans to, i, 327.
   Trajan’s, its plan, dimensions, arrangement, &c., 328, 329.
   Difference between it and that of Maxentius, _ibid._
   Plan, particulars, &c., of the latter, 330, 331.
   Construction of the roofs, 332.
   Provincial Basilicas: Trèves, Pompeii, Otricoli, 332, 333.
   Origin and peculiar applicability for Christian uses of these
      buildings, 334.
   Examples in Bethlehem, Jerusalem, Thessalonica, Syria, and Asia
      Minor, i, 419-431.
   Christian basilicas; Preliminary observations, 504-508.
   African examples, 508-511.
   Modifications introduced by Christian usages, 512.
   Choirs and crypts: the atrium and the narthex, 513, 514.
   Chronological list of basilicas in Rome, 515.
   Peculiarities of the more important ones, 517-530.
   Mosaic pavements, 527.
   Ravenna, 527.
   St. Mark’s, Venice, 530.
   Dalmatia and Istria, 536.
   Torcello, 538.
   Causes of Byzantine, Lombardic, and Gothic varieties, 540.
   Distinction between the basilica and the church, 542-543.
   German examples, ii, 214 _et seq._
   Use made of the apse, 388.
   Absence of basilicas in Ireland, 446.

 Basle Cathedral, doorway of, ii, 244.
   Its one defect, 245.

 Bassæ, Ionic column at, i, 265.

 Basse Œuvre, Beauvais, plan and section, ii, 105.
   Exterior and interior, 106.
   Probable date, 107.
   _See_ ii, 344.

 Batalha, church of, ii, 507, 508.
   Its circular tomb-house, 508.

 Baths of the Romans, i, 342-346.
   Of the Moors in Spain, ii, 555.

 Battlements, Jerpoint abbey, ii, 457.

 Bavarian church architecture, ii, 287, 288.

 Bayazid, mosque of, ii, 558.

 Bayeux Cathedral, ii, 118.
   Nave and spandrils, 118.
   Spires, 176.

 Bays in cathedrals—Italy: Verona, i, 612.
   Lucca, 613.
   France: Angoulême, ii, 68.
   Fontevrault, 84.
   Caen, 115.
   Their object and arrangement, 167.
   Exeter and Westminster, 371.
   Kirkwall, 423.
   Spain: Leon and Burgos, 484.

 Bazas Cathedral: plan, ii, 150.
   Description, 151.

 Beaune, Roman column at Cussi, near, i, 353.

 Beauty in art, i, 5.

 Beauvais Cathedral, choir of, i, 18.
   The Basse Œuvre, ii, 105.
   Wooden-roofed churches, 107.
   Date of the cathedral, 142.
   Casualties due to constructive faults, _ibid._
   Its magnificence, 143.

 Becket, Thomas à, his asylum, ii, 155.
   Becket’s Norwegian counterpart crown, Canterbury, ii, 317 _note_,
      344.

 Bedochwinta, Armenia, church at, i, 471.
   proof of its comparative modernness, 471.

 Beejapore, i, 444.

 Beisan, khans at, ii, 525.

 Belem, date of chapel at, ii, 433.
   Gothic remains, 507.
   Church of the Convent, 507.
   Façade, 509, 510.

 Belfries and campaniles. Bell-towers of Moscow, i, 497.
   Italian campaniles: Verona, ii, 7.
   Mantua, 7.
   Florence, 7.
   Belgium, their occasion and uses, ii, 199.
   Examples, 200.
   Swedish example, 316.

 Belgium, immigration of Germans into, and its results, ii, 187.
   Its cathedrals, 188.
   Pre-eminence of its town-halls and burgher-residences, 189.
   Examples of its churches, 189-198.
   Cause of their preservation, 198.
   Belfries, 199.
   Municipal halls, 200-205.
   Private dwelling-houses, 205.

 Bellefontaine, church of, ii, 122 _note_.

 Bells, when first used, i, 577.
   Russian bells, 497.

 Belus, base of the temple of, i, 163 _note_.

 Benedictine monastic system, plan illustrative of the, ii, 215.

 Beneventum, Trajan’s arch at, i, 347.

 Beni-Hasan, tombs of, i, 115, 294, 363.
   Pillars, 154.
   Arches, 214.

 Bergamo, church of San-Tomaso near, i, 576.
   Sta. Maria Maggiore, ii, 8.
   North porch of same, 9.

 Berkook, Sultan, mosque and tomb of, ii, 533.

 Berne Cathedral, ii, 276.

 Berosus, state of the text of, i, 151.

 Besançon, Porta Nigra at, i, 349.
   Cathedral, ii, 102, 149.

 Bethlehem, churches at, i, 419.
   Church of the Nativity, 419.

 Bicchieri, Cardinal, church erected by, i, 610.

 Billings, Mr. R. W., character of his Architectural Work on Scotland,
    ii, 420 _note_.

 Birs Nimroud, the, i, 159.
   Buildings of which it was the type, 157, 159.
   Diagrams and description, 160.
   Dedication, 161.

 Bittonto, west front of cathedral at, i, 593.

 Blackfriars Bridge, i, 48.

 Black Prince, tomb of the, ii, 408.

 Blouet, M., restored plan of Roman baths by, i, 344.

 Blundell, Mr. Weld, Researches at Persepolis, i, 205 _note_.

 Bocherville, Norman church at, ii, 111.

 Bodleian Library, ii, 339.

 Boffiy, Guillermo, cathedral designed by, ii, 488.

 Bohemia, ii, 211.

 Bohemund’s tomb at Canosa, i, 601.

 Bois le Duc, church at, ii, 207, 208 _note_.

 Boisserée’s ‘Nieder Rhein,’ ii, 212 _note_, 260.
   On Cologne cathedral, 273.

 Bologna, ii, 151.
   Circular church of San Stefano, i, 545.
   Asinelli and Garisenda towers, 579, ii, 2.
   Cathedral or church of San Petronio, i, 614, 622, 623.
   Plan, 623.
   Enormous size originally determined on, 622.

 Boni, Signor, Cà d’Oro Palace, Venice, ii, 18.

 Bonn, church at, ii, 234.
   East end, 235.
   Baptistery, 252.

 Bonnueill, Étienne, Swedish cathedral by, ii, 314.

 Bordeaux cathedral, ii, 71.
   Its chevet and spires, 149.

 Boris, Czar of Russia, tower erected by, i, 497.
   His tower in the Kremlin, 497.

 Bornholm, circular churches in, ii, 327 _note_, 329.
   Oester Larsker, 329.

 Borsippa, temple of the Seven Spheres at, i, 161.
   Inscriptions, 163.

 Bosra, plan of cathedral, i, 432, 433.

 Boston, Lincolnshire, church of, ii, 401.

 Bothwell Church, near Glasgow, ii, 435.

 Botta, M., his explorations at Khorsabad, i, 154.

 Bourges, church of Neuvy St. Sepulchre at, ii, 76.
   Cathedral: plan and dimensions, 151.
     Proportions of the aisles, _ibid._
     Western façade, 152.
     Proportion of solids to area, 179.
     Fault avoided, ii, 270.
     References by way of comparison, 478, 479, i, 626.
   House of Jacques Cœur, ii, 184.

 Braga, Portugal, church at, ii, 511.

 Brandenburg, Marien Kirche at, ii, 308.

 Brechin, Scotland, architectural peculiarity at, ii, 419, 452.

 Brescia, Duomo Vecchio at: Plan, i, 575.
     Elevation and Section, 575, 576.
   St. Francesco, 633.
   Ornamental brickwork, ii, 13, 14.

 Brick architecture: Italian examples, ii, 10-15.
   Belgium, 205.
   Remarks, 302, 303.
   Examples from North Germany, 304-309.

 Bridges over the Thames, progress in, i, 48.
   Roman bridges, 385.

 Brigwithe, English architect, church at Vercelli by, i, 610.

 Brindisi, churches of, i, 595, 599.

 Bristol chapter-house, ii, 389, 392.
   Norman gateway at, 403.
   Corporation buildings, 413.

 Brittany, architectural boundary of, ii, 41, 43.

 Brolettos, or Italian town-halls, ii, 11.
   Como, 12.
   Brescia, 13.

 Bronze doors: Novogorod, i, 488.
   Milan, 567.
   Trani, 599.
   Troja, 599.
   Canosa, 601.

 Brou en Bresse, sepulchral church of, ii, 159, 494.

 Brück-am-Mur, Gothic house at, ii, 299.

 Bruges, ii, 188.
   Chapel of St. Sang, 192.
     Its spire, 193.
     Belfry, 200.
   Town-hall, 202.
   Burgesses’ lodge, 204.

 Brunelleschi, designs by, i, 618, 622.

 Brunswick town-hall and fountain, ii, 300, 301.
   View, 300.

 Brussels, Notre Dame de la Chapelle at, ii, 194.
   St. Gudule, _ibid._
   The belfry and its fate, 200.
   Town-hall, 202.
     View of same, 203.

 Buddha, Buddhism. Source of the effect produced by the Topes, i, 16.
   Buddhist architecture whence derived, 157.
   Buddhism the religion of a Turanian people, 165.
   Scandinavian Buddhism, i, 481.

 Building, primary application and gradual development of the art of, i,
    4.

 Bürgelin, abbey of, ii, 238.

 Burgos, ii, 433. 463, 469, 508.
   Plan of the cathedral, 481.
     View, 482.
     Description, 483.
     Nave, 483.
   Monastery of the Huelgas, 498. 502, 503.

 Burgund, Norway, wooden church at, ii, 332.

 Burgundy, architectural province of, ii, 41-43.
   Ethnographic considerations, 94.
   Seat of monastic establishments, 94. 105.
   Examples of the architecture of the province, 94-103.
   Culminating epoch, 105.
   _See_ 30.

 Bussorah, ii, 567.

 Butler, A. J., on Coptic churches, i, 507, 511; ii, 527.

 Buttresses, earliest proper use of, i, 360.
   Internal buttresses, ii, 69.
   External: Chartres, 139.
     Rheims, 139.
   Theory, 171.
   Explanatory diagram and further examples, 172, 173.
   Combination of buttresses and pinnacles, 173.

 Byzantine style, region dominated by the, i, 411, 412.
   True application of the term, 415.
   Definitions and divisions, 416, 417.
   Basilicas, 419-423.
   Stone-roofed churches, 428-431.
   Circular or Domical buildings, 432-447.
   Domestic examples, 447-452, 464, 465.
   Neo-Byzantine, 453-464.
   Armenian, 466-480.
   Rock-cut churches, 481-483.
   Mediæval Russian, 484-499.
   _See_ 501, 502, 521, 523, 528-541, 548-551, 554.
   St. Mark’s, Venice, 530-535.
   Byzantine-Romanesque style, 582.
   Examples: Rectangular, 583, 600.
   Southern Italy, 600-602.
   Circular, _ibid._
   Towers, 603.
   Civil architecture, 605.
     _See_ also ii, 15.

 Cæcilia Metella, tomb of, i, 355. 542.

 Caen, churches of:
   Abbaye aux Hommes, or St. Stephen’s: occasion of its erection, ii,
      111.
     Original and altered plan, sections, vaultings, &c., 111-116.
     Its apse superseded by a chevet, 118.
     Spires, 175.
   Abbaye aux Dames, 111.
     Advance in its construction upon that of St. Stephen’s, 116.
   Church of St. Nicolas, 117.
     Its apse, _ibid._
   St. Pierre, spire and façade, 175, 176.

 Cæsars, Palace of the, i, 375.
   Its probable character as an architectural work, 376.

 Cairo, Mosques of: Amru, ii, 30. 525, 526.
   Azhar, 30, 530.
   Hasan, 531-532.
   Berkook, 533.
   Kaloun, 531.
   Kaitbey, 534, 535.
   El Muayyad, 534.
   Tooloon, 527-530.

 Calatayud, Dominican church at, ii, 498.

 Cambridge, King’s College chapel, i, 472; ii, 70, 338, 367, 397.
   View, 396.
   Proportions, 397.
   Round church, 398.
   St. John’s College, 394 _note_.
   Colleges, 414.

 Campaniles, _see_ Belfries.

 Campione, Marco da, Italian architect, i, 626.

 Campus Martius, tomb of Augustus in the, i, 355.

 Canina, restoration of Trajan’s basilica, i, 327 _note_.

 Canosa, tomb of Bohemund at, i, 601.

 Canterbury, French asylum for the archbishops of, ii, 155.
   Becket’s Crown, 317 _note_, 344.
   Churches of St. Augustine and Cuthbert, _ibid._
   St. Anselm’s chapel, 375. 377.
   Cathedral, 131.
   Plan, 347.
   Most foreign of our English examples, 353.
   Angel Tower, 384.
   Chapter-house, 384. 389.
   Anomalies in style, 387.
   Site, 388.
   Infirmary chapel, 393.
   Decorative arch on staircase, 402, 403.
   Prior de Estria’s screen, 406.
   Tomb of the Black Prince, 408.
   Area, measurements, &c., 417.

 Capitals and columns: Isis-headed or Typhonian, i, 35. 127. 143.
   Examples: Beni-Hasan, 114, 115.
   Thebes, 121.
   Medeenet-Habû, 125.
   Denderah, 143.
   Persepolis, 207.
   Susa, 209.
   Mycenæ, 244.
   Ancient Corinthian, 258.
   Doric, 260.
   Ionic and Corinthian examples, 264-268.
   Roman examples, 308-310. 312. 525.
   Ani and Gelathi, 476.
   Provençal, ii, 54. 62, 63.
   Gothic: theory and diagram, 162.
   Capitals from Rheims, 178.
   Gelnhausen, 251.
   Canterbury, 402.
   Lincoln, 404.
   Dome of the Rock, 521-522.
   _See_ Obelisks, Columns.
   Columns of Victory.

 Capua, amphitheatre at, i, 340.

 Caracalla, restored plan of the baths of, i, 344.
   Arrangement, dimensions, &c., 345, 346.

 Caravanserais: Persia, ii, 579.
   Peru, 606.

 Carcassonne, church of St. Nazaire at, compared with Diana’s temple at
    Nîmes, ii, 49, 50.
   Town walls, 186.

 Carlisle, eastern window at, ii, 355. 378.

 Carlovingian period, paucity of examples of the, i, 559.

 Carpenter, R. H., churches with bisected naves, ii, 324 _note_.
   Mosque of Cordoba, 546.

 Carpentras, arched gate at, i, 349.

 Carthage and the Carthaginians, ii, 22, 462.

 Carved ornament, principle and object of, i, 31.

 Caryatides at Medeenet-Habû, i, 125.
   As made use of in Greek architecture, 268.

 Caserta Vecchia, cathedral church of, view, i, 598.
   Tower, 592.
   Dome, 594.

 Cashel, Cormac’s chapel at, ii, 447.
   Dimensions, 447.
   View, 448.
   Roof, 449.
   Date, &c., 454.
   Monastery of the Holy Cross, 444.
   Cathedral, _ibid._
   Seven churches, 446.

 Cassiodorus, elucidation of a passage in, i, 570.

 Caste, nature and influence of, i, 78.
   Its value, 79.

 Castel d’Asso, Etruscan tombs at, i, 294.
   Peculiarities of shape, &c., 295.

 Castel del Monte, plan, and sectional elevation, i, 606.
   Particulars, _ibid._

 Castille, castles in, ii, 505.

 Castles: St. Angelo, Rome, i, 356.
   Italian, 606.
   French, ii, 186.
   Marienburg, 310.
   English, 413-414.
   Scottish, 442.
   Spanish, 505.

 S. Castor, Coblentz, ii, 238.

 “Castrense,” the, i, 342.

 Catalonia, architecture of, ii, 466.

 Cathedrals, English and foreign compared, ii, 385.
   _See_ England. France.

 Catherwood, F., ancient tomb figured by, i, 372.
   Value of his Central-American drawings, ii, 584.

 Cattaneo (Prof. Raphael),
   dates of St. Stefano Rotondo, i, 545 _note_;
     of St. Mark’s, Venice, i, 531, 534;
     of cathedral, Torcello, 536 _note_, 538;
     of Palazzo delle Torre, Turin, 556;
     of Duomo, Brescia, 575, and _note_;
     of Tower of St. Satiro, Milan, 578 _note_.
   St. Lorenzo, Rome, 523.
   St. Praxede, 525 _note_.

 Caumont, M. de, map published by, ii, 41 _note_.

 Cavallon, arched gate at, i, 349.

 Caves: Crimean, i, 482.

 Caythorpe church, Lincolnshire, reference, ii, 324 _note_.

 Cecilia Metella, tomb of, i, 355, 542.

 Cefalu, cathedral at, ii, 24, 29.
   Dimensions, cloisters, &c., 29.

 Celtic races, their presumed origin, and migratory character, i, 70,
    71.
   Their religion: dominance of their priests, 71.
   Form of government best suited to them, _ibid._
   Their ruling passion, 72.
   Literature, 72.
   Pre-eminent in art, 73, 74.
   Direction of their scientific pursuits, 74.
   Megalithic or Celtic period in England, ii, 338.
   Celto-Saxon period, _ibid._
   Irish style, 445.
   Celto-Irish system, Celtic likes and dislikes in a church direction,
      444, 445.
   Form and examples of their churches, 447-450.
   Close of the Celtic epoch in Ireland, 459.

 Certosa, near Pavia, i, 610. 629-631.
   Its date, 629.
   Feature in Monreale cathedral surpassing it, ii, 26.

 Cervetri, Etruscan tomb at, i, 297, 298.

 Chaitya caves, i, 426.

 Chaldean dynasties, period of the, i, 151, 152.
   State of the remains of their buildings, 153.
   Written characters; arrow-headed inscriptions, 155.
   Temples at Wurka and Mugheyr, 158.
   Birs Nimroud, 160, 161.
   Mujelibé, 163.
   Tomb of Cyrus, 163, 196-198.

 S. Chamas, arches and bridge at, i, 351. ii, 51.

 Chambon, sepulchral chapel at, ii, 93.

 Champollion, i, 92.

 Chapels. Babouda, i, 426.
   Friuli, 559.
   Definition of, ii, 393 _note_.
   English examples, 393-397.
   Roslyn, 432.
   Irish, 448.
   Spanish, 498.

 Chapter-houses, rarity of, in France and Germany, ii, 292.
   Peculiarly an English feature, 388.
   Earlier and later forms, 389-393.
   Engraved examples, 389, 390, 391, 392.

 Chaqqa, Byzantine building at, i, 437.
   Singular window, 448.

 Charing Cross, Mr. Barry’s restoration of, ii, 413 _note_.

 Charité sur Loire, collegiate church of, ii, 153.
   Choir, 153.

 Charlemagne, model of the tomb of, i, 550.
   Epoch marked by his accession; state of things at his death, ii, 120.
   German architecture under him, 209-211.
   His church at Aix-la-Chapelle, 247.
   Palaces, 256.

 Charles II. of Anjou, cathedral erected by, i, 583.

 Charles V., architectural encroachment on the Alhambra by, ii, 552.

 Charroux, church of, ii, 74, 75.

 Chartres Cathedral, i, 24. ii, 132.
   Date of erection, 132.
   Area, 133.
   Plan, &c., 134.
   North-west view, 137.
   Spires, transepts, and buttresses, 138. 173, 175, 195.
   External sculpture, 141.
   Transitional windows, 164, 165.
   Circular windows, 165, 166.
   Proportion of solids to area, 179.
   Enclosure of choir, 181.
   _See_ 385. 402. 626.

 Chedanne, M., Discoveries in Pantheon, i, 320 _note_.

 Chemillé, spire at, ii, 87.

 Chemnitz, doorway of church at, ii, 294.
   Its extravagant ornamentation, 295.

 Cheops, _see_ Khufu.

 Chepstow Castle, ii, 413.

 Cherson, i, 485.
   Wooden cathedral, 426.

 Chevet churches in Aquitania, ii, 72.
   Distinction between the apse and the chevet, 73.
   Notre Dame du Port, Clermont, 89, 96.
   St. Menoux, 102.
   Bayeux, 118.
   Auxerre, 147.
   St. Quentin, 147.
   Pontigny, 154, 171.
   Souvigny, 170.

 Chiaravalle, dome at, i, 620, 622, 631.

 Chichen Itza, Yucatan, temple at, ii, 598.
   Interior, 599.

 Chichester Cathedral, ii, 380.

 Chillambaram, India, porch of hall at, i, 430.

 China, stationary perfection of works in, i, 62.
   Ancient counterpart of its people, 96.

 Choirs, introduction of, i, 512.
   A French practice, ii, 69.
   English examples, 361, 365, 366, 369.
   Spanish examples, 480, 484.

 Chosroes, arch of, at Takt-i-Bostan, i, 408.

 St. Crisogonus, basilican church, Rome, date of, i, 515.

 Christian architecture, discrimination of, its eras, styles, &c. i,
    410-414.
   Oriental tradition relative to Christian architects, ii, 527.

 Christianity, adaptability of the Roman Basilicas to the usages of, i,
    504-506.
   Results of its introduction into England, ii, 337.
   How carried into Ireland, 447.
   Irish round towers, Christian edifices, 450.
   Adaptation of Moorish art to its purposes, 498.
   When introduced into Russia, i, 486.
   Result of its corruption in the East, ii, 513.

 Christodulos, Christian architect employed by Mahomet, ii, 557.

 Chunjuju, Yucatan, building at, ii, 596.

 Church, double, _see_ Double churches.

 Churches, circular, _see_ Circular churches.

 Cimborio, or dome, in Spanish churches, ii, 474.
   Examples, 478, 490.

 Circular and polygonal churches, first germ of, i, 542.
   Byzantine examples, 432.
   Romanesque types in Italy, 542-555, 602.
   Provençal examples, ii, 59.
   In Aquitania, 74.
   In Germany, 247-254.
   Heiligenstadt, 292.
   Round churches in Scandinavia, 327-332.
   In England, 398.

 Circular windows, France, their number and dissimilarity in tracery,
    &c., ii, 165-167.
   English examples, 376, 378.

 Cistercian abbeys, i, 14. ii, 154.

 Citeaux, ii, 95.

 Civic and Municipal buildings: Italy, ii, 10.
   Venice, 15.
   Belgian town-halls, ii, 199-204.
   Germany, 295.
   London, 413.
   Spain, 502.

 Clairvaux, ii, 95.

 Clarke (Mr. J. T.): Temple of Assos, i, 254 _note_.
   Proto-Ionic capital, 255 _note_.

 Classic architecture, cause of the revival of, i, 43, 47.

 S. Clemente, as a type of the Roman basilican church, i, 513-514.
   Its date, 515.
   Colonnade, 525.

 Cleopatra in Egyptian paintings, i, 139.

 Clerestories, in Greek and Egyptian temples, i, 272.
   First publication of the Author’s views on the subject, _ibid. note_.
   Munich and Metz, ii, 287.

 Clermont, church of Notre Dame du Port at, ii, 89.
   Elevation and plan of its chevet, 91, 92.

 Climate: regions in which it has and has not changed, i, 56.

 Cloaca Maxima, Rome, arch of the, i, 216, 300.

 Cloisters, English and southern, St. John Lateran, i, 599.
   Provençal examples, ii, 61, 62.
   Puy-en-Velay, 96.
   Zurich, 260.
   Gloucester, 363.
   Kilconnel Abbey, 445.
   The Huelgas, 498.
   Tarazona, 503.

 Clonmacnoise, tower and arch at, ii, 451, 452.

 Clovis, division of France on the death of, ii, 120.

 Cluny, Abbey of, ii, 95.
   Its magnitude, and magnificence, 99.
   Narthex, 99.
   Influence exercised by the establishment, 103.
   Arcaded house, 183.

 Cluny, Hôtel de, ii, 184.

 Cnidus, lion tomb at, i, 284.

 Coata, Titicaca, Peru, terraced building at, ii, 605.

 Cobern, hexagonal chapel at, ii, 253.

 Coblentz, church of St. Castor at, ii, 238.

 Coburg, chapel at, ii, 241 _note_, 243.

 Cockerell, C. R., work on Grecian temples by, i, 262 _note_.

 Cocos, Castille, castle of, ii, 505.

 Cocumella, the, at Vulci, i, 298, 300.

 Cœur, Jacques, house of, ii, 184.

 Coimbra, churches at, ii, 509.

 Cologne Cathedral: dimensions, comparative observations, &c., i, 24.
    ii, 131, 157, 159, 195, 196, 275, 278.
   View, 272.
   Buttresses, 173.
   Features in which it is pre-eminent, 268.
   Date, plan, &c., 269.
   Disproportion of length to height, 270.
   External proportions, 271.
   Mechanical merits, 273.
   Window tracery, 271.
   Most pleasing characteristics of the cathedral, 275.
   Original cathedral, 232, 269.
   _See_ 478, 479. i, 618, 622, 626, 629.

 Cologne, triapsal and other churches at, The Apostles’, ii, 199,
    233-235.
   Sta. Maria in Capitolio, 232.
   St. Martin, 233, 234.
   St. Gereon, 237.
   Details, 264.
   Section and plan, 265.
   St. Cunibert, 237, 264.
   St. George, 238.
   Sion, 238, 262.
   An English St. Gereon, 398.
   Cloisters, 260.
   Dwelling-houses and windows, 261-262.
   Guildhall, or Gürzenich, 295.

 Colosseum, or Flavian amphitheatre, Rome, i, 306.
   Interest attaching to it, 337.
   Effect of reduplication of parts, plan, sections, &c., 338.
   Area, amount of sitting space, 339.

 Colour as an architectural element, i, 35.
   _See_ Painting.

 Columbaria, Rome, arrangement and object of the, i, 356.

 Columna Rostrata, ugliness of, i, 352.

 Columns of Victory, remarks on, and examples of, i, 352, 353.
   Buddhist sthambas, i, 578.

 Columns: Sedinga, i, 127.
   Thessalonica and Constantinople, 421, 422.

 Como, cathedral at, i, 632.
   Broletto, ii, 12.

 Composite arcades, i, 313.

 Composite order, i, 312.
   Its merits and defects, 313.

 Compostella, cathedral of, ii, 468.

 Comte, Auguste, truth overlooked by, i, 83.

 Concord, Temple of, at Rome, i, 309. 314. 317.

 Condor, Major C. R., ii, 520.

 Conques, chevet church at, ii, 73. 76.

 Conquests, how effected, and general result of, ii, 513.

 Conrad, emperor, churches erected by, ii, 226. 229.

 Constantine: His mother’s tomb, i, 357.
   His daughter’s, 358. 544.
   Basilican churches erected by him, 517. 521. 523.
   His tomb, or baptistery, 544.
   His church at Antioch, i, 432. _See_ i, 504. 506. 508. 515.
   His baths at Rome, i, 344.

 Constantinople, cisterns, i, 44.
   Palace of the Hebdomon, i, 464.
   _Churches:_ The Apostles’: occasion of its destruction, 531 _note_.
     Sta. Irene, 453. 455. 470. ii. 558.
     St. John, 421, 422. 438.
     Double church of “Kutchuk Agia,” or lesser Sta. Sophia, including
        the Basilica of SS. Peter and Paul and the domical church of SS.
        Sergius and Bacchus, i, 438, 439.
     Church of Moné tés Choras, 456.
     The Pantokrator, the Fethîyeh Djamisi, and the Theotokos, 457.
     Sta. Sophia, 440,
       Its grandeur; boast of its founder, &c., 440.
       Fate of the original church, _ibid._
       Dimensions, plan, sections, &c., 441-446.
       Compared with the Renaissance cathedrals, 446.
       Considered as an outgrowth of Roman classical edifices, 452.
       Last creation of Byzantine art, 453.
       Mode of lighting its dome, 454.
       Dimensions of the dome, ii, 561.
       Number of minarets, 563. [_See_ i, 455. ii, 557-558.]
   Results of the occupation of the city by the Turks, ii, 556-558.
   _Mosques:_ appropriation of Christian churches, ii, 557.
     Mosques of Eyub and Bayazid, 558.
     Suleimanie Mosque, 559-562.
       Its minarets, 563.
     Sultan Ahmed’s Mosque, 562-563.
     Prince’s Mosque, 563.
     Validé mosques, 564.
     Mosque, or “Lantern” of Osman, _ibid._
   Civil and domestic architecture: “palaces” and fires, _ibid._

 Construction in architecture, rationale of, i, 22. Gothic cathedrals,
    ii, 179.

 Contarini (S^r. Marino), Palace of, ii, 14.

 Conventual buildings, Germany, ii, 259-261.

 Corbel, beautiful example of, ii, 178.

 Cordova, or Cordoba, mosque at, ii, 543-548.
   Plan, 544.
   The Sanctuary, 545, 546.
   Screen of chapel, 547, _see_ 549.

 Corinth, i, 251. Age of Doric temple at, 252.

 Corinthian order, its origin; period of introduction into Greece, i,
    257. 268.
   Noteworthy examples, 257, 258. 266, 267.
   Keynote of Roman architecture, 308.
   Roman elaborations of it, 309-311.
   Base from the church of St. Praxede, 312.

 Corvey, abbey of, ii, 221.

 S. Costanza, Rome, tomb or baptistery of, i, 358.
   Plan, 544.

 Coucy, castle-keep of, ii, 185.
   Viollet le Duc’s section, _ibid. note_.

 Coutances Cathedral, ii, 147.
   View, 146.
   Spires and lantern, 147.

 Coventry, ii, 401.

 Crassus, tomb of C. Metella, wife of, i, 355.

 Crecy, battle of, its influence on French art, ii, 122.

 Cremona, the Torracio at, i, 605. ii, 3. 4.
   Occasion of its erection, 3.
   Palace of the Jurisconsults, 11.

 S. Croix, Mont Majour, triapsal church of, ii, 59.

 Crosses: Waltham, ii, 412.
   Kells, 459.

 Cruas, circular church at, ii, 60. 76.

 Cruciform tomb of Galla Placidia, i, 435. 553.

 Crusaders, introduction of the Gothic style into Palestine by, ii, 32.
   Principal building erected there by them, 33.
   Others of their churches there, 36.

 Crypts, purposes to which dedicated, i, 512.
   Examples: Göllingen, ii, 239.
     Glasgow, 426.
     Otranto, i, 596.

 Crystal Palace, Sydenham, a step in the right direction, i, 48.
   Assyrian façade erected by the Author, 189 _note_.
   Reproduction of the Court of Lions, Alhambra, ii, 553 _note_.

 Ctesiphon, i, 389.
   The Tâk Kesra, 398.
   Its great arch, 399.

 Cubbet-es-Sakhra (Dome of Rock), ii, 520. 523.

 Cubbet es-Silsileh (Dome of Chain), ii, 521.

 Cufic inscriptions at Diarbekr, i, 393 and _note_.

 Cunault, spire and tower at, ii, 87.

 S. Cunibert, Cologne, ii, 237, 264.

 Cussi, near Beaune, Roman pillar of Victory at, i, 353.

 Cuthbert, Archbishop, baptistery erected by, ii, 344.

 Cuzco, Peru, Manco Capac’s house at, ii, 604.
   Walls, 605-608.

 Cybele, temple at Sardis of, i, 258.

 Cyclopean works, chief element of, i, 19.
   Irish examples, ii, 456.
   Peru, 600.

 Cypselidæ, race of, i, 251.

 Cyrene, rock-cut tombs at, i, 285-287. 294.
   Remains of colour, 285.
   Probable date, 287. 370 _note_.
   Recent explorations, 370.

 Cyrus, so-called tomb of, i, 158. 160.
   View, Plan and Section, 196-198.

 Dahshur, Pyramid of, i, 102.

 Dalmeny, ii, 420.

 Damascus, antecedents and present state of the great mosque at, ii,
    522-524.
   Plan, 523.

 Dana, on the Euphrates, i, 469.

 Daniel, so-called tomb of, ii, 569.

 Dankwarderode (Brunswick), Palace of, ii, 256.

 Dantzic, cathedral and churches of, ii, 306.

 Darius, palace of, i, 202, 203.
   Tomb, 204.

 Dartein, F. de, vault of St. Michele, Pavia, i, 564.

 David, alleged sarcophagus of, i, 368 _note_.

 David I. of Scotland, and the round-arched style, ii, 419.
   A fosterer of monastic establishments, 421.
   Bishopric and building founded by him, 425. 437.

 Decorated style, _see_ Edwardian period.

 Delft, churches at, ii, 207.

 Delhi, i, 494.

 Delos, Pelasgic masonry at, i, 245.
   Column of temple, 260.

 Denderah, i, 127.
   Façade and Isis-headed columns of the temple, 142, 143.

 S. Denis, abbey of, ii, 122. 154. 237. 266. 338. 371.

 Denmark, church architecture in, ii, 318-321.
   Round churches, 327-332.

 Dêr-el-Bahree, Temple of, i, 131.
   Arch at, 216.

 Devenish, Ireland, round tower at, ii, 453. 454.

 De Vogüé, Comte. _See_ Vogüé.

 Diana, temple at Ephesus of, i, 256.
   Dimensions, 258.
   Remains of, 277.
   Plan, arrangements, &c., _ibid._
   Temple at Nîmes, 317, 318.

 Diarbekr, i, 392.
   The great mosque, 392-394.

 Dieppe, church of St. Jacques at, ii, 160.

 Diest, Belgium, boucherie at, ii, 204.

 Dieulafoy (M.), Pasargadæ, i, 196;
   Susa, 210-211;
   Frieze of Archers, 210.

 Dighour, Armenia, Byzantine church at; View, i, 467.
   Plan, &c., 468.

 Dijon, church of St. Benigne at, ii, 75. 95, 96. 508.
   Notre Dame, 147.
   Cathedral, 148.

 Dinant, Notre Dame de, ii, 194.

 Diocletian’s Palace at Spalato: Arcades, i, 314.
   Idea suggested by its splendour and magnitude, 376.
   Plan and dimensions, 377.
   The Golden Gateway, 379.
   General arrangement, 378.
   Temples in the palace, 322, 323, 360. 378.
   His baths at Rome, 344.

 Diogenes, Tomb of, at Hass, i, 451.

 Djemla, basilican church at, i, 509.

 Dochiariu, Catholicon at, i, 459.
   Plan, 459.

 Dodona, or Dramyssus, theatre at, i, 280.

 Doganlu, rock-cut monuments at, i, 232, 233.

 Doge’s palace, Venice, ii, 16, 17.

 Domes and domical buildings: Pelasgian, i, 244.
   The Pantheon, 321.
   Minerva Medica, 359-361.
   Diagram of pendentives, 434.
   Byzantine, 433-447.
   Neo-Byzantine, 454-463.
   Greek Byzantine, 459.
   Mode of lighting domes, 454.
   Armenian, 468.
   Florence, 618.
   Chiaravalle, 621.
   Aquitaine, ii, 64-80.
   Anjou, 83, 84.
   St. Gereon, Cologne, 264.
   Only true Gothic dome, 351.
   Best modern specimen, 393 _note_.
   Batalha, 507.
   _See_ Circular churches.

 Domestic Architecture; Egypt, i, 136.
   Greece, 287.
   Roman, 375.
   Italian, ii, 10.
   France, 182.
   Belgium, 205.
   Germany, 261. 298, 299.
   England, 413.
   Ireland, 457.
   Turkish, 564.

 Domitian, baths of, i, 343.

 S. Donato. On the Murano, apse of, i, 571.
   Zara, 603.

 Donoughmore, Ireland, doorway in tower of, ii, 453.

 Doors and doorways; Egyptian, i, 106.
   Pelasgic, 245.
   Firouzabad, 397.
   Moscow, 493.
   Naples, 598.
   Palermo, ii. 25.
   France: Maguelonne, 57.
   Beauvais, 143.
   Basle, 244.
   Chemnitz, 294.
   Gothland, 325, 326.
   Lichfield, 405.
   Rochester, 407.
   Elgin, 430.
   Linlithgow, 439.
   Edinburgh, 440.
   Pluscardine, 441.
   Kildare, 455.
   Early Irish, 458.
   Lérida, 473.
   Valencia, 501.
   _See_ Bronze doors. Gates. Porches.

 Dorians, character of the, i, 242.
   Their “treasuries,” 243.

 Doric temple, earliest known example of, i, 252.
   Examples in Greece, _ibid._
   In Sicily, 254.
   Rationale of the application of the order, 259.
   Columns, 260.
   Material used, 262.
   Sculpture and colours, 263.
   Compared with the Ionic order, 264-266.
   Roman examples, 308.
   Columns of Victory, 353.

 Dorpfield (Dr). Plan of Palace of Tiryns, i, 248.
   Age of Temple of Theseus, 253.
   On hypæthral temples, 272 _note_.
   Greek Theatres, 281 _note_.

 Dort, church at, ii, 207.

 Dosseret (Impost block): Its Byzantine origin, i, 421. 523 _note_.
   Examples, 439. 449. 523. 530. 532, 538. 549. 550.

 Double churches, ii, 241-243. 256. 328.

 Dramyssus, or Dodona, Greek theatre at, i, 280.
   Plan, 280.

 Drüggelte, circular church at, ii, 251.
   Plan and model, 251.

 Druidical trilithon, i, 26.

 Dublin, English churches in, ii, 443.
   Cathedral, 444.

 Dugga, near Tunis, ancient tomb at, i, 371.
   View, 372.

 Dunblane, ii, 438.

 Dunfermline, porch at, ii, 437. 439.

 Dunkeld, window at, ii, 438.

 Durability, i, 18.

 Durham Cathedral: Plan, ii, 348.
   Vault, 348. 356.
   Towers, 385.
   Site, 388.
   Chapter-house, 390.
   _See_ 417. 438.

 Dutch architecture, ii, 206-208.

 Dyer Abou Taneh, church, i, 510.

 Earl’s Barton, Saxon church at, ii, 341.
   Window, 342.

 Early styles in England, epoch of, ii, 337.

 East, advantage to inquirers of the immutability of manners and customs
    in the, i, 182.

 Echternach, abbey church of, ii, 238.

 Edfû, temple at, i, 140.
   Its arrangements, dimensions, &c., 140.

 Edinburgh, church doorway at, ii, 440.
   Aisle in Trinity College church, _ibid._ 442.
   Holyrood and the castle, 440.

 Edmund, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii, 155.

 Edward I., monumental crosses erected by, ii, 412.

 Edward II., shrine or tomb of, ii, 410.

 Edward III., ii, 122. 128.
   His tomb, 408. 409.

 Edward the Black Prince, tomb of, ii, 408.

 Edwardian period of English architecture, ii, 338.
   Combination which led to its perfection, 338.
   Desire of the period, 375.
   Scottish example, 437.

 Eger, double church at, ii, 241 _note_, 242.

 Eginwald, Biographer of Charlemagne, ii, 213. 220.

 Eglinton tournament, system carried out in the, i, 12.

 Egypt, architecture of, i, 22. 29. 35. 62.
   Chronology of its dynasties, 90.
   Historical facts bearing on the subject, 92, 93.
   Paintings and sculpture, 94. 108.
   Its architecture our sole source of knowledge of its people, 95.
   Their proficiency as mathematicians and builders, 98.
   Architecturally historic value of the sculptured lists of kings, 129.
   Side of the Nile preferred for sepulture, 136.
   Domestic architecture of the great Theban period: existing examples,
      136, 137.
   Periods of decline and revival of the arts; limited influence thereon
      of foreign domination, 139, 140.
   Gradual degradation of the people: their essential characteristic,
      144.
   Alleged parent state, 147.
   First users of stone, 194.
   Architectural feature neglected by them, 201.
   Object of contention with Phrygia, 229.
   Principle despised by them, ii, 180.
   _See_ Obelisks. Pyramids. Rock-cut temples. Thebes.

 Egyptian mosques, _see_ Cairo.

 Eitelberger (Prof.) Parenzo, i, 537 _note_.

 Eleanor, Queen of Edward I., monumental crosses to, ii, 412.

 Elegance and sublimity, distinctive features of, i, 26.

 Elephantine, Mammeisi at, i, 132.

 Elgin Cathedral, windows of, ii, 419.
   Its date, 431.
   Views, plan, &c., 429-431.

 El-Hakeem, ii, 33.
   Sanctuary rebuilt by him, 545.

 Elis, temple of Jupiter at, i, 16.

 Elizabeth of Germany, residence of, ii, 258.
   Church dedicated to her, 267.

 Elizabethan period, architecture of the, ii, 339.
   State of the country, _ibid._

 Elne, Provence, cloisters at, ii, 63.
   Capitals, 62.

 S. Eloi, church of, at Espalion, ii, 79.

 Eltham palace; roof, ii, 415.
   Hall, 416.

 Ely Cathedral, ii, 349.
   Choir and presbytery, 349. 369.
   Effect of the new reredos, 349 _note_.
   Plan, 351.
   Octagon, 352. 382. 387.
   East end, 373.
   Site, 388.
   Lantern, 393.
   Chapel, 394. 396.
   Tomb of Bishop West, 408.
   Bishop Redman’s, 411.
   Dimensions, &c., 417.

 Emanuel the Fortunate, tomb-house of, ii, 508.
   Convent founded by him, 509.

 England, an architectural difficulty surmounted only in, ii, 68.
   Introduction of the Pointed style, 131. 371.
   Bold transepts why required, 270.
   Abiding love of the people for Gothic art, 335.
   Multiplicity of works on the national architecture; space allotted to
      it in this work, 336.
   Epochs of its history, 337.
   Saxon architecture, 341.
   Dominating feature in the plans of our cathedrals, 345.
     Vaults, 355.
     Pier arches, 367.
     Window tracery, 371.
     External proportions, 379.
     Diversity of style, 386.
     Situation, 387.
   Chapter-houses, 388.
   Chapels, 393.
   Parish churches, 397.
   Details, doorways, &c., 401.
   Tombs, 408.
   Crosses, 412.
   Civil and domestic architecture, 413.
   Comparative table of cathedrals, 417.
   English influence in Ireland, 443. 458.
   _Cathedrals_: _See_ Bristol. Canterbury. Carlisle. Chichester.
      Coventry. Durham. Ely. Exeter. Gloucester. Hereford. Lichfield.
      Lincoln. Norwich. Oxford. St. Paul’s. Peterborough. Salisbury.
      Wells. Westminster. Winchester. York.

 Ephesus, i, 229.
   Temple, _see_ Diana.

 Erechtheium, the, i, 39.
   Its perfectness as a sample of Greek art, 255.
   Column and cornice, 264.
   Caryatides, 268.
   Mode of lighting, 276.
   Its threefold aspect, 276.
   Plan, section, and view, 274-276.

 Erfurt Cathedral, and church of St. Severus, ii, 290.
   View and peculiar features of the latter, _ibid._

 Ermeland, or Eastern Prussia, brick buildings of, ii, 307.

 Ermet, the ancient Hermonthis, i, 510.

 Erzeroum, Hospital of Oulou Diami at, ii, 570.
   Interior, _ibid._

 Esarhaddon, palace of, i, 184.

 Esslingen, church at, ii, 276.

 Estremadura, chapel at Humanejos in, ii, 498.

 Etchmiasdin, legendary occasion of the four churches at, i, 472.

 Ethiopians, probable parent-stock of the, i, 147.
   Most remarkable of their monuments, 148.
   Their mode of preserving their dead, 149.
   Arches, 217.

 Ethnology and Ethnography, as applied to architecture, i, 52.
   Importance of Archæology as an adjunct, 53.
   Characteristics of various races and ages, 55-83. [_See_ Aryans.
      Celtic races. Semitic races. Turanian races.]
   Conclusion, 83-85.
   Ethnological considerations bearing on the architecture of France,
      ii, 39-44.

 Eton, ii, 414.

 Etruscans, mounds of the, i, 16.
   Parallels in Asia Minor, 230.
   Certainty of their existence, 289.
   Their probable origin; permanence of their influence on Roman art,
      290, 291.
   Only example of their temples, 292.
   Their civil buildings, skill in engineering, &c., 293.
   Shapes and classification of their rock-cut tombs, 294, 295.
   Numerousness of their tumuli, 296.
   Prominent examples, 297, 300.
   Tomb of Aruns, 300.
   Their use of the arch, 300, 301. 306.

 Euphrasius, Bishop, basilica built by, i, 536.

 Evreux Cathedral, ii, 149.
   Circular window, 166.

 Exeter Cathedral: Vault, ii, 358.
   Bay, 370.
   Choir, 371.
   Western entrance, 385.
   Bishop Marshall’s tomb, 405.
   Dimensions, &c., 417

 Eyub, mosque of, ii, 558.

 Ezekiel, tomb of, ii, 569.
   View, _ibid._

 Ezra, in the Hauran, Byzantine church at, i, 438.

 Façades: Paris, i, 30.
   Denderah, 142.
   Jerusalem, 368. 370.
   Tourmanin, 427.
   Sta. Sophia, 442.
   Novara, 563.
   Piacenza, 568.
   Verona, 571.
   Troja, 591.
   Siena, 615.
   Ferrara, 632.
   Venice, ii, 16.
   Belem, 510.

 Falaise, castle of, ii, 185.

 Falkland Castle, ii, 440.

 Fanal de Cimetière, and the Irish round tower, ii, 450.

 Fano, basilica built by Vitruvius at, i, 334.

 Fellows, Sir Charles, his Lycian investigations, i, 233, 237.

 Ferdinand and Isabella, sepulchral chapel of, ii, 494.

 Ferrara, the Duomo at, i, 632.
   Façade, 632.
   Palazzo Pubblico, ii, 10.

 Fez, towers of, ii, 550.

 Fire temples of the Persians, i, 212.

 Firouzabad, palace at, i, 397.
   Plan, doorway, _ibid._
   External walls, 398.
   Internal arrangement, _ibid._
   Date, 401 _note_.

 Flamboyant style, its faults and beauties, ii, 165. 376. 379.
   Introduced into Scotland, 419.

 Flaminian Way, i, 347.

 Flanders, _see_ Belgium.

 Flanders, French, ii, 44.

 Flavian amphitheatre, Rome, _see_ Colosseum.

 Florence, baptistery at, i, 552.
   San Miniato, 584-586. 596.
   Cathedral (St. Mary, or Sta. Maria dei Fiori), proportion of solids
      to area, ii, 179.
     Left unfinished, i, 619.
     Plan, 617.
     Dome and nave, 618.
     Flank, 619.
   SS. Croce and Maria Novella, 631.
   San Michele, 633.
   Giotto’s campanile, ii, 7.
   Palazzo Vecchio, 10.
   _See_ i, 500. 553. 579. 624. 629. 631. ii, 8.

 Folö, Gothland, church at, ii, 326.
   Interior, 324.

 Fontevrault, plan of church at, ii, 84.
   Chevet and bay, 84.

 Fontifroide, church at, ii, 56.
   Section, 56.
   Cloisters, 61.
   _See_ 91. 435.

 Form in Architecture, principles of, i, 25.

 Fortified churches in France.
   _See_ Maguelonne. Royat.

 Fortuna Virilis, temple of, i, 317.

 Foscari palace, Venice, ii, 19.

 Fougères, town walls of, ii, 186.

 Fowler (Charles) on Maulbronn, ii, 236 _note_.

 France, Roman arches in, i, 348-350.
   Roman column at Cussi, 353.
   Diversity and ultimate fusion of races, architectural provinces, &c.,
      ii, 39-44.
   Architecture of the northern division, 104.
   Progress in Central France, 108.
   Great architectural epoch of the nation, 120-122.
   Gothic cathedrals, 130.
   Painted glass; External sculptures, 141-142.
   Collegiate churches, 153-159.
     Details: Pillars, 161.
     Windows, 163.
     Circular windows, 165.
     Bays, 167.
     Vaults, 169.
     Buttresses, 171.
     Pinnacles, 174.
     Spires, 175.
     Lanterns, Corbels, &c., 177.
     Construction, 179.
   Church furniture, 180.
   Domestic architecture; town-halls, 182.
     Houses, 183.
   Castellated buildings, &c., 184.
   Fortified town walls, 186.
   French forms in English edifices, 353. 371.
   Styles of the two countries compared, 355. 367. 379. 386. 401.
   French styles in Scotland, 419.
     In Spain, 462. 485.
   Examples of the styles of the various provinces, _see_ Anjou.
      Aquitania. Auvergne. Burgundy. Frankish Province. Normandy.
   _Cathedrals_: _See_ Alby. Amiens. Angers. Angoulême. Autun. Auxerre.
      Avignon. Bayeux. Bazas. Beauvais. Besançon. Bordeaux. Bourges.
      Chartres. Coutances. Dijon. Evreux. Laon. Limoges. Lisieux. Lyons.
      Nevers. Notre Dame, Paris. Noyon. Orleans. Poitiers. Rheims.
      Rouen. Sens. Soissons. Toul. Toulouse. Tours.
   Troyes. Vienne.
   _See_ also ii, 264. 266. 377. 386.

 Frankish Province, France, birthplace of the true Gothic Pointed style,
    ii, 104.
   Frankish Architecture, 120.

 Franks, Mr., suggestion by, i, 69 _note_.

 Frauenburg, brick church at, ii, 307.

 Frederick II., castle built by, i, 606.

 Freemasonry, its origin, rationale, &c., ii, 125-129.
   Its influence on German architecture, 129. 280.

 Freiburg in the Breisgau, cathedral of, ii, 138. 195. 273.
   View, 274.
   Details, 275.

 Freiburg on the Unstrutt, double chapel at, ii, 241 _note_, 243.

 Freshfield, Dr., triple apses, i, 447 _note_.

 Freshford, Kilkenny, doorway at, ii, 448.

 Friuli, vaulted chapel at, i, 559.

 Fulda, original cathedral of, ii, 220.
   Circular church, 251.

 Furnes, Belgium, belfry of, ii, 200.

 Gaeta, tower at i, 601. 604.

 Gaillard, castle of, ii, 185.

 Gainsborough Abbey, ii, 374.

 Galatina, i, 595.

 S. Gall, ancient plan of monastery found at, and details of same, ii,
    213-216. 235, 236.

 Galla Placidia, alleged sarcophagus of, i, 552 _note_.
   Her tomb, its peculiar form, polychromatic decorations, &c., 434.
      553.
     View of interior, 435.

 Gallerus, oratory of, ii, 457.

 Galway, ancient house in, ii, 458.

 Gardiner, Bishop of Winchester, tomb of, ii, 408.

 Gates and Gateways: Assyrian, i, 181.
   Pelasgic, 245-247.
   Arpino, 301.
   Ctesiphon, 399.
   Jerusalem, 449, 450.
   Moscow, 498.
   Bristol, ii, _see_ Doors. Golden Gateways.

 “Gates” of the Bible, i, 202.

 Gates of Justice, i, 350.

 Gebweiler, cathedral of, ii, 240.

 Geddington, cross at, ii, 412.

 Gelathi, Armenia, capital at, i, 477.

 Gelnhausen, palace at, ii, 256.
   Arcade, 256, 257.
   Its chief features, 257.
   Particulars and view of the church, 266.

 S. Geneviève, Paris, i, 24.

 Geology, importance of Palæontology in the study of, i, 53, 54.

 S. George, Cologne, ii, 238.

 S. George’s Hall, Liverpool, i, 346 _note_.

 S. Gereon, Cologne, ii, 264-266;
   an English parallel to, 398.
   _See_ Cologne.

 Gerizim, Mount, Justinian’s Church on, i, 432.

 S. Germain des Prés, Paris, in its original state, ii, 121.

 Germany, round-arched Gothic style of, i, 23.
   Character of its races, ii, 40. 209.
   Effect of Freemasonry, 128. 210.
   Claim as to the Pointed style, 211.
   Leading characteristics of the Round style, 211, 212.
   Basilicas, 213-240.
   Double churches, 241-243.
   Noteworthy peculiarities in German Gothic, 244.
   Circular and polygonal churches, 247-254.
   Domestic architecture, Romanesque style, 255-263.
   Ecclesiastic examples, Pointed style, 264-291.
   Foible of German masons, 275.
   Circular churches (Pointed style) church furniture, civil
      architecture, 292-306.
   Races and building materials of Baltic Provinces, 302.
   Examples of brick architecture, 302-309.
   A trick of its architects, 422.
   German artists brought to Moscow, i, 493.
   _See_ ii, 357. 380. 413. 461.

 Gernrode, basilican church at, ii, 220-222.

 Gerona, Spain, vault in the cathedral at, ii, 367.
   Plan, 488.
   Interior, 489.
   Arcade, 503.

 Ghazan Khan, mosque founded by, ii, 571, 572.

 Ghazni, ii, 454 _note_.

 Ghengis Khan, ii, 571.

 Ghent, ii, 188.
   Church of St Bavon, 198.
     Belfry, 200.
   Town-hall, 202.
   Cloth-hall and boatmen’s lodge, 204.

 Ghibellines and Guelfs; influence of their quarrels on Italian
    architecture, i, 608.

 Gibel Barkal, temples and pyramids at, i, 147-149.

 S. Gilles, church of, ii, 52. 58.
   Prototype of St Mark’s, Venice, façade, i, 534.

 S. Giorgio in Velabro, Roman basilican church, its date, i, 515.

 Giotto, campanile designed by, ii, 7.

 S. Giovanni a Porta Latina, Roman basilican church, its date, i, 515.

 Giralda, Seville, dimensions of the, ii, 550.
   View, _ibid._

 Gizeh, Pyramids at, _see_ Pyramids.

 Gladiatorial exhibitions at Rome, i, 337.

 Glasgow Cathedral, ii, 424-428.

 Glass, painted, _see_ Painted glass.

 Glendalough, seven churches at, ii, 446.
   St. Kevin’s Kitchen, 449.
     Its date, _ibid._
     Window, 455.

 Gloucester Cathedral, ii, 355.
   Choir, 361, 362.
   Cloister, 363.
   Nave, 369.
   Western entrance, 385.
   Anomalies of style, 387.
   Site, 388.
   Chapter-house, 390.
   Tomb of Edward II., 410.

 Golden Gateways: Spalato, i, 379.
   Jerusalem, 449, 450.

 Göllingen, horseshoe-arch, crypt at, ii, 238, 239.

 Gonse (M. Louis) on L’art Gothique, ii, 122 _note_.

 Gorlitz, Petri Kirche at, ii, 291.

 Goslar, Imperial Palace, ii, 256.
   Church, 230.
   Chapel, 241 _note_.

 Gothic architecture; source of its beauty, i, 14.
   Massiveness, 17.
   French and English peculiarities contrasted, 22, 23.
   Proportion: naves, aisles, towers, spires, 29-31.
   Carved ornaments, 34, 35.
   Painted glass and sculpture, 37.
   Symmetry, how far regarded, 39.
   Imitation of Nature, 42.
   Effect of fifteenth-century enthusiasm, 43.
   Conclusion arrived at by the clergy, 47.
   Compared with Egyptian architecture, 145.
   Element of superiority in Roman roofs, 331.
   Roman peculiarities employed and improved upon, _ibid._
   Cause of its decadence, 388.
   An oasis of Gothic art, 410.
   Regions peopled by the Gothic tribes: True application of the term,
      412.
   Stone vaults and wooden roofs, their accessories and their dangers,
      540. 547. ii, 47.
   Gothic invasion of Italy, 558.
   Lombard and Round-arched style, 558-581.
   Pointed Italian, 607-634. ii, 1-22. [_See_ Italy.]
   Sicilian Pointed style, 22-31.
   The style in Palestine, 32-38.
   Inventors of the true pointed style, 104.
   Progress under the French kings, 120-122. [_See_ France.]
   Introduction of painted glass, 124.
   Abiding love for the style in England, 335.
   Edwardian period, 338.
   Culmination under the Tudors, 339.
   English examples, 345-417. [_See_ England.]
   Scottish examples, 418-442. [_See_ Scotland.]
   Ireland, 443-459.
   Period of its prevalence in Spain, 462.
   Spanish examples, 464-506. [_See_ Spain.]
   Portugal, 507-511.
   _See_ i, 501.

 Gothem (Gothland) Church, ii, 326.
   Interior, 323.

 Gothland, interest attaching to the architecture of, ii, 321.
   Occasion of the early prosperity of its capital, _ibid._
   Its churches; early pointed examples, 322-327.
   Round churches, 327-332.

 Gouda, painted glass at, ii, 207.

 Grado, Duomo at, i, 537.
   St. Marie delle Grazie, 537, 538.

 Granada, expulsion of the Moors from, ii, 497. 556.
   _See_ 547.

 Granson, church at, ii, 219.

 Great Leighs Church, Essex, spire of, ii, 398.

 Greece, Byzantine churches in, i, 459-463.

 Greeks, architecture of the, i, 11.
   Their non-employment of the arch, 22.
   Use of proportion, 29.
     Of ornament, 32.
   Borrowings from the Assyrians, 33. 35. 154.
   Uniformity and symmetry, 39.
   Immigration of the Aryans and Pelasgi, 75.
   Results of Pelasgic influences, 81 _note_.
   Their indebtedness to the Egyptians, 132. 257.
     Points in which they surpassed them, 145.
   Their theory as to Egyptian civilization, 147.
   Essential differences between them and the Romans, 241. 289, 290.
   Chronological memoranda, 240.
   Sources of their language, arts, religion, &c., 241.
   Short period comprehended in their great history, 242.
   Dimensions of their temples, 258.
   System of proportion employed, 261.
   Forms of their temples, i, 269-272.
   Suggested mode of lighting them, 272-276.
   Their municipal architecture, 279.
   Theatres, 280.
   Tombs, 281-284.
   Domestic architecture, 287.
   Period of art development in their nation, 289.
   Result of their repulse of their invaders, 290.
   Their style of decoration adopted at Pompeii, 382-385.
   Work of Greek architects in Russia, i, 481, 488, 491. _See_ Pelasgi.
   Greek Orders of Architecture, _see_ Corinthian. Doric. Ionic.

 Greensted, Essex, wooden church at, ii, 342.

 S. Gregory, legend of the appearance of the Saviour to, i, 472.

 Guildhall, London, ii, 413.

 Guimaraens, Portugal, ii, 511.

 Gutschmid’s Chaldean researches, i, 151.

 Hadrian, remains of temple built by, i, 318. 323.
   Triumphal arches, 348.
   His famous tomb, or ‘Mole,’ 356. 362.
     Columns thereof, 320.

 Hagby, Sweden, round church at, ii, 331.

 Hakeem, Caliph, Sanctuary built by, ii, 545.

 Hal, Notre Dame de, ii, 194.

 Halberstadt Cathedral, ii, 287.
   Liebfrauen Kirche, 236.

 Halicarnassus, i, 229.
   Mausoleum at, 282-284.

 Hall, Sir James, theory of, ii, 294.

 Hamburg, ii, 309.

 Hameln, church at, ii, 230.

 Hammer-beam roofs, ii, 415.

 Hampton Court, ii, 416.

 Hannington Church, Northamptonshire, ii, 324 _note_.

 Hanover, church tower at, ii, 307.

 Haroun al-Rashid, absence of proofs of the magnificence of, ii, 567.
   Splendour of his court, _ibid._

 Hasbeiya, remains at, ii, 525.

 Hass, Central Syria, tomb at, i, 451.

 Hassan, Sultan, mosque of, ii, 531-533.

 Hastings, battle of, its architectural result, ii, 413.

 Hatshepsu, obelisks erected by, i, 135.

 Hauran, effect of the Mahomedan conquest on the buildings in the, i,
    447.

 Hawara Pyramid, i, 112.

 Hebdomon (Constantinople), palace of, i, 464, 465.
   Elevation, 464.

 Hebron, mosque at, ii, 37.
   Plan, 38.

 Hechlingen, church at, ii, 239.

 Heckington Church, canopy over sedilia, ii, 406.

 Heeren’s notion of the ruins at Wady el-Ooatib, i, 149.

 Height, disproportionate, its effect, ii, 59, 60.

 Heiligenstadt, Anna chapel at, ii, 292.

 Heisterbach, abbey church of, ii, 238.
   Cloisters, ii, 261.

 Hejira, events of the first century of the, ii, 512.

 S. Helena, Constantine’s mother, tomb of, i, 357. 542. 544.
   Sections and elevation, 358.
   Church built by her, ii, 222. 267. i, 419.

 Heliopolis, beautiful obelisk at, i, 111. 135.

 Henry III., choir rebuilt by, ii, 374.

 Henry VII.’s chapel, French and German parallels to, ii, 160. 283. 353.
    494.
   Aisle, 364.

 Herculaneum, theatre at, i, 335.

 Hereford Cathedral, lancet window in, ii, 372. 374.

 Herod’s Temple at Jerusalem, i, 227, 228.
   Plan and view restored, 225, 226.
   Type of the Expiatory Stele erected by him, i, 239.
   His tomb, 368.
   _See_ 498.

 Herodotus on the tumulus of Alyattes, i, 230.

 Hersfeld Church, ii, 230.

 Hierapolis, Byzantine churches at, i, 430, 431.

 Hildesheim, St. Michael’s church at, plan and interior, ii, 225.
   Description, 226.

 Hindus, proverbial objection to the arch by the, i, 22. 217.

 Hitterdal, Norway, wooden church at; Plan, ii, 332.
   View, 333.

 Hoäte Church, Gothland, doorway of, ii, 326.

 Hogarth’s pictures, i, 4.

 Hohenstaufens, architectural period of the, ii, 237.
   Remains of their palaces, castles, &c., 256. 413. i, 606.

 Holland, race indigenous to, and architecture of, ii, 206-208.

 Holyrood Chapel, its date, ii, 437. _See_ 440.

 Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem, Church of the, ii, 33-36.

 Homer’s architectural descriptions, i, 247.
   Religion of his poem, 249.

 Honeyman, Mr. John, drawings by, ii, 435 _note_.

 Honeysuckle ornament, i, 258. 264.

 Hope, Mr. Beresford, point asserted by, ii, 156 _note_.

 Horseshoe arches. Takt-i-gero, i, 406.
   Dana, 468.
   Dighour, 469.
   Göllingen, ii, 238.
   Kerouan, 540.

 Horse tent, Nimroud, i, 190.

 Hoskins, Mr., pyramids figured by, i, 148.
   His Ethiopian researches, 215.

 Huelgas, ii, 498.
   Cloister of the, 502.

 S. Hugh, of Lincoln, architectural debt due to, ii, 358.

 Hugo, Victor, an axiom of, ii, 141.

 Humanejos, chapel at, ii, 498.

 Husein Shah, Madrissa of, ii, 577, 578.

 Huy, Notre Dame de, ii, 194.

 Ibn Tooloon, mosque of, ii, 527.
   View, 528.
   Window, 529.
   Minarets, 530.

 Ibrim in Nubia, basilican church at, i, 510.

 Igel, near Trèves, Roman monument at, i, 362.

 Ilescas, tower at, ii, 499.

 Ilissus, Ionic temple on the, i, 255. 274.

 Illahun Pyramid, i, 113.

 Imumzade, palace of, i, 407.

 Ingelheim, Charlemagne’s palace at, ii, 256.

 Inkerman, cave at, i, 482.

 Inner Temple Hall, ii, 415.

 Innisfallen, Celtic church or oratory at, ii, 447.
   View, _ibid._

 Iona, ii, 419. 439.
   Window, 441.

 Ionian colonies, i, 229.

 Ionic order, origin of the, i, 154. 237, 238.
   Result of recent discoveries: oldest and finest examples, 255.
   Temples of Juno, Diana, Apollo, and at Pergamon, 256, 257.
   Compared with the Doric order, 264.
   Columns and cornices, 264, 265.
   Carving, colour, masonry, &c., 265.
   Use of the order by the Romans, 309.

 Ipsamboul, rock-cut temple at, i, 130.

 Ireland, scroll work at New Grange in, i, 245 _note_.
   Character of its early architecture: source of the anti-Saxon
      feeling, ii, 443.
   Examples of its architecture, 444-459.

 Iron as a building material, i, 21.

 Irrigation, proficiency of the Turanian races in, i, 63.

 St. Isaac’s at St. Petersburg, redeeming feature in the design of, i,
    20.

 Isis-headed or Typhonian capitals, i, 35, 127. 143.

 Ispahan, works of Shah Abbas at, ii, 575.
   The Maidan Shah and its accompanying buildings, 575. 577.
   Sultan Husein’s Madrissa, 578.
   Char Bagh, 579.
   View of palace, 580.

 Issoire, chevet church at: Plan, ii, 89.
   Elevation and section, 90.

 Italy, ethnographic history of art in, i, 289.
   Adaptation of circular buildings left by the Romans, 543.
   Introductory notice; Division and classification of styles, i, 500.
   Lombard and round-arched Gothic, 558.
     Examples, 559-581.
   Byzantine Romanesque and other phases of the Byzantine style,
      582-605.
   Pointed Gothic: effect of the disputes of factions, 607.
   Sources of difference between Italian Gothic and that of other
      peoples, 608.
     Examples, 610-634.
   Circular buildings, ii, 1.
   Towers, 2.
   Porches, 8.
   Civic buildings, 10.
   Moulded bricks, 13.
   Windows, 14. 19.
   Palestine, why treated as (architecturally) a part of Italy, ii, 32.
   _See_ Amalfi. Asti. Bari. Bittonto. Bologna. Brindisi. Byzantine.
      Ferrara. Florence. Friuli. Lucca. Mantua. Milan. Naples. Novara.
      Orvieto. Padua. Palestine. Pavia. Piacenza. Pisa. Prato. Rome.
      Sicily. Siena. Toscanella. Venice. Vercelli. Verona. Vicenza.

 Ivan III, and Ivan the Terrible, churches built by, i, 492.

 Jackson (Mr. T. G.), Dalmatia and Istria, i, 536-538.
   Trau, Jak, 590.
   Ragusa, ii, 21.

 Jaina, i, 371.
   Parallel to its style in Ireland, ii, 456.

 Jak, Hungary, church at, i, 590.

 S. James, sepulchre of, i, 368. 370.

 Jedburgh Abbey, mixed style at, ii, 419.
   Pier-arch, 421.
   Their peculiarity, 422.

 Jerpoint Abbey, tower and battlements of, ii, 457.

 Jerusalem, chief feature of admiration in the Temple of, i, 19.
   Earliest Temple, or Tabernacle, 222, 223.
   Solomon’s Temple, 65. 68. 201.
     Source of its splendour, 223.
     Its dimensions and plan, 222, 223.
     Ornaments and accessories of metal, 224.
     Subsequent rebuildings: Herod’s Temple, 225.
     Author’s drawing of the same, 226.
     Its magnitude and magnificence, 227.
   Cognate temples, 228.
   Constantine’s Basilicas, 420.
   The Golden Gateway, 449.
   The Gate Huldah, 450.
   Bassi-relievi on the Arch of Titus, 348.
   Rock-built tombs: Herod’s, Zechariah’s, 368.
   Absalom’s, the Judges’, 369.
   Result of the Crusades, ii, 32.
   Churches of SS. Anne, Marie la Grande, Marie Latine, and the
      Madeleine, 36.
   Church of the Holy Sepulchre, ii, 33-36.
   “Dome of Rock,” or Mosque of Omar, 520-522.
   Mosque el-Aksah (Abd el-Melik’s), 517-519.
   Fountains, 525.

 Jews, period of the Exode of the, i, 93.
   _See_ Jerusalem. Semitic races.

 John, King of Portugal, church founded by, ii, 507.

 S. John Lateran, Roman basilican church built, i, 515.
   Present state, 521.
   Original founder, _ibid._
   Cloister, 599.

 S. John, Ravenna, baptistery of, i, 547.
   Knights of St. John at Brindisi, 599.

 Jones, Owen, reproduction of the Alhambra Court of Lions by, ii, 553
    _note_.

 Josephus, fragment of Manetho preserved by, i, 92, 93. [_See_ Manetho.]
   His idea of Solomon’s palace, 221.

 Judah, alleged tombs of the kings of, i, 368 _note_.

 Judea, architecture of, _see_ Jerusalem.

 Judges, tomb of the, i, 369.
   Façade, 370.

 Jumièges, Norman church at, ii, 111. 114.

 Juno, temple at Samos of, i, 256.
   Dimensions, 258.

 Jupiter, temples of, at Elis, i, 16.
   Olympia, 253.
   Agrigentum, 258. 271. 273.

 Jupiter Ammon, alleged ruins of a temple of, i, 149.

 Jupiter Capitolinus, Etruscan temple to, i, 292. 315.

 Jupiter Olympius, Athens, temple of, i, 257.
   Dimensions, 257. 323.
   School to which it belongs, 267.
   Plan and view of its ruins, 324.

 Jupiter Stator, temple of, i, 34. 310. 311.
   Its form and dimensions, 315, 316.

 Jupiter Tonans, temple of, i, 316.

 Justinian’s Church at Bethlehem, i, 419.
   His boast on the completion of the mosque of Sta. Sophia, 440.
   Church in Armenia ascribed to him, 469.

 Kaabah at Mecca, i, 65; ii. 514. 516. 536, 537.
   Persian Kaabahs, i, 212.

 Kahun, Town of, i, 113, 114.
   Plan of houses, 113.

 Kaitbey, mosque and tomb of, ii, 534.
   View, 535.

 Kalabscheh, rock-cut temple at, i, 131.
   Roman temple: Plan, 143.
     Section, 144.

 Kalaoon, mosque of, ii, 531.

 Kalat Sema’n, Syria, church and monastery at, i, 422, 423.
   Double church, section and plan, 433.

 Kallundborg, Denmark, peculiarly formed church at, ii, 321.
   View, 320.

 Kampen, church at, ii, 207.

 Kangovar, temple at, i, 228. 324.

 Karlsburg Cathedral, ii, 210.

 Karnac, chief feature of the Hypostyle Hall at, i, 17.
   Its dimensions, 24. 122.
   Original founder of the Temple, 111.
   Its successive accretions, great magnitude, &c., 122-124.
   The South Temple, 127.
   Parallel to the Hypostyle Hall, 123. _See_ ii, 553.

 Kells, Ireland, ii, 449.
   Ancient Cross, 459.

 Kelso Abbey Church, ii, 422.
   Norman arches, 422.

 Kenilworth Hall, ii, 416.

 Kerouan, Great mosque of, ii, 538-540.
   Plan, 538.
   Entrance, 539.

 Kertch, tumuli near, i, 481.

 Khafra, Pyramid of, i, 97-99.
   Temple of, 107, 108.

 Khasné, or treasury of Pharaoh: View i, 364.
   Section and description, 365.

 Khiva, ii, 581.
   View of palace, 581.

 Khorsabad, explorations at, i, 154.
   Temple exhumed by M. Place, 161.
   Elevation of Observatory, 162.
   Plan of, _ibid_.
   Situation of the city, 172.
   Plans of the Palace, 171. 176.
   Restorations by the Author, 176. 178.
   Peculiar ornamentation, 180.
   Discovery of the city gates, 181.
   Plan of gateway, 180.
   Elevation of, 181.
   Remains of propylæa, 173.
   Sculptured view of a pavilion, 187.
   Example of the arch, 215.

 Khosru (Nushirven), daring building feat of, i, 398.

 Khufu (or Cheops), the proved founder of the Great Pyramid, i, 102.
   Alleged repairer of the Sphinx, 108 _note_.

 Kief, architects of churches at, i, 484.
   Churches: Dessiatinnaya, and SS. Basil and Irene, 486.
     Cathedral (Sta. Sophia), 486, 487. 493.
     Other churches, 488.
     Immense number thereof, 489.

 Kieghart, Armenia, rock-cut church at, i, 483.

 Kilconnel, Monastery, ii, 444.
   View of cloister, 445.

 Kilcullen, early doorway at, ii, 455.

 Kildare Cathedral, ii. 444.
   Doorway in tower, 452.

 Killaloe, section of chapel at, ii, 448.

 Kilree, Kilkenny, round tower at, ii, 453, 454.

 King’s College Chapel, Cambridge. _See_ Cambridge.

 Kinneh, County Cork, round tower at, ii, 454, 455.

 Kirk, proper application of the term, i, 543.
   Whence derived, _ibid. note_.

 Kirkwall Cathedral, ii, 423.
   Bays, 423.
   View, 424.

 Kloster Neuberg, “Todtenleuchter” at, ii, 297.

 Königsberg, ii, 309.

 Kootub Mosque and Minar, ii, 551.

 Kostroma, Eastern Russia, churches in, i, 490.
   Views of interiors, 491, 492.

 Kour, rock excavations on the banks of the, i, 483.

 Kouthais, Armenia, peculiarities of church at, i, 472, 473.

 Koyunjik, palace of Sennacherib at, 183.
   Palace of Esarhaddon, or South-west palace, 184.
   Central palace; its plan, 185.
   Its sculptures and pavement, 186.
   Palace of Tiglath Pileser, 185.
   Original magnificence of these groups of palaces, 186.
   Cause of the preservation of their ruins, 187.
   Illustrative bas-reliefs from palace walls, 187-190.

 Kremlin, the. _See_ Moscow.

 Kubr Roumeïa, i, 372.
   Plan, 373.

 Kurtea el Argyisch, i, 479.
   View of, 495.
   Its plan, _ibid._
   Date, 496.

 Kuttenberg, church of St. Barbara at, its peculiar features, ii, 284.
   Section, 285.

 Laach, abbey church at, ii, 235.
   Plan and view, 236.

 Labyrinth of Lampares, i, 111.
   Its probable dimensions and arrangements, 112.

 Läderbro, Gothland, church and wapenhus at, ii, 331. 398.

 Lambeth Palace, ii, 416.

 Landsberg, double chapel at, plan and section, ii, 243.

 Landshut, St. Martin’s church at, ii, 286.

 Langres, double-arched Roman gate at, i, 349. ii, 100.

 Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury, ii, 155.

 Langue d’Oc and Langue d’Œil, ii, 42.

 Lantern pillars of Germany and France, ii, 297.

 Lanterns: St. Ouen, Rouen, ii, 177.
   Salamanca, 475.

 Laon Cathedral, its spires and towers, ii, 145.

 Lapo, Arnolpho da, church remodelled by, i, 616.

 Lateran church, Rome. _See_ St. John Lateran.

 Latin style, French example of the, ii, 105.

 Layard, Sir Henry Austen, his Assyrian explorations, i, 163. 169, 170
    _note_, 215. 297.

 Le Duc, Viollet, his Dictionnaire d’Architecture, ii, 179 _note_.
   On the donjon at Coucy, 185 _note_.
   Restoration of Autun Gateway, i, 349 _note_.

 Leighs. _See_ Great Leighs.

 Leo the Isaurian, church built by, i, 453.

 Leon, Spain, ii, 467.
   Panteon of San Isidoro, _ibid_.
   Interior, 470.
   Cathedral: Plan, 483.
     Bay of choir, 484.

 Lérida. Door of porch, ii, 473.

 Léry, Norman Church at, ii. 111.

 Lethaby (W. R.): Restoration of Mujelibé, i, 163 _note_.

 Leuchars, Norman window at, ii, 420.

 Lewis (Prof. T. H.), ii, 518, 519. 521.

 Lichfield Cathedral: Spires, ii, 196.
   Nave, 360. 369. 404.
   Clerestory windows, 358.
   Views, 382.
   West doorway, 404, 405.
   Dimensions, proportions, &c., 417.

 Liège Cathedral, its date, &c., ii, 194.
   Churches: St. Bartholomew, 192.
     St. Jacques, _ibid_.
       Its plan, flamboyant porch, polychromatic decorations, 197.
     St. Martin, 198.
   Bishop’s palace, 205.
   _See_ 492.

 Lierre, church of St. Gommaire at, ii, 197.
   Belfry, 200.

 Lighting of temples, i, 124. 272.
   Of domes, 454.

 Limburg, near Dürkheim, church at, ii, 226. 229.

 Limburg on the Lahn, cathedral of, ii, 288.

 Lincoln Cathedral, ii, 348, 349 _note_.
   Nave, 358.
   Roof-vaulting, 359.
   East end, 375.
   Transept-windows, 376. 378.
   General view, 383.
   Angel choir, 387. 402.
   Situation, 388.
   Chapter-house, 391.
   Choir-aisles doorway, 404.
   Dimensions, proportions, &c., 417.

 Linköping, Sweden, church at, ii, 314.

 Linlithgow, doorway at, ii, 439.
   Palace, 440.

 Lino, Spain, churches of SS.
   Miguel and Cristina at, ii, 464.
   Unique in form, 465.

 Lion tomb at Cnidus, i, 284.

 Lisieux Cathedral, ii, 149.

 Lismore Cathedral ii, 444.

 Little Maplestead, Essex, round church at, ii, 35. 398.

 Little Saxham, Sussex, round-towered church at, ii, 398.

 Liverpool, St. George’s Hall at, i, 346 _note_.

 Livia, house of, i, 375.

 Lloyd, Mr. Watkiss, subject of a paper by, i, 262 _note_.

 Loches, round arches upon pointed ones at, ii, 83.
   Castle, 88. 185.
   _See_ i, 600.

 Loftus, Mr., explorations of. Susa, i, 209.
   Wurka, 392.

 Lohra, chapel at, ii, 241 _note_. 243.

 Lombardy, ii, 3, 4 _note_; i, 558.
   Disappearance of original Lombard buildings, 560.
   Examples of Lombard and round-arched Gothic, 559-581.
   _See_ Italy.

 London Bridge, i, 48.

 St. Lorenzo, Milan, _see_ Milan.

 Lorenzo, basilican church, Rome, dates of, i, 515.
   Aisles, _ibid._
   Gallery, 523.
   Interior view, 524.

 Lorraine, architectural affinities of, ii, 44.

 Lorsch, porch of convent at, elevation of, ii, 255.

 Louis le Gros, Louis le Jeune, Saint Louis, and the architecture of
    France, ii, 121, 122.

 Louis the Pious, i, 566.

 Loupiac, façade of church at, ii, 78.

 Louvain, town-hall at, i, 14.
   Its date and character, ii, 202.
   Church of St. Pierre, intended design, &c., 196. 290 _note_.
   Cloth-hall, 204.

 Lubeck, brick-built Cathedral and churches of SS. Mary and Catherine
    at. Plans, view, &c., ii, 303-305.
   Town-hall, 311.

 Lucca, i, 558. 580. 607.
   Bays of San Martino, 613.
   San Michele, 588. ii, 6.
 Lund, Sweden, cathedral at, ii, 315.

 Lüneburg, brick architecture of, ii, 311.

 Luther’s shelter, ii, 258.

 Luxeuil, ii, 95.

 Luxor, temple of, i, 125.
   Obelisk, 135.

 Lycia and its tombs, i, 234. 237.
   _See_ i, 430.

 Lycurgus, i, 242.
   Effect of his laws, 251.

 Lydda, Gothic church at, ii, 37.

 Lydia, i, 229.

 Lyons, church of St. Martin d’Ainay at, ii, 95.
   Style of the cathedral, 149, 150.

 Lysicrates, choragic monument of, its character as a work of art, i,
    26. 257. 266.
   Dimensions and elevation, 279.

 Mabillon, plan found and published by, ii, 213.

 MacGibbon (David): Architecture of Provence, ii, 55 _note_.

 Machpelah, cave of, i, 294. 363.

 Madeleine, Paris, i, 20.
   Madeleine, Jerusalem, ii, 36.

 Madracen, tomb, view of, i, 373.

 Madrissa, the, _see_ Ispahan.

 Maestricht: St. Servin’s, ii, 192.
   Notre Dame, 192.

 Magdeburg, model of church built by Otho the Great at, ii, 250.
   Form and arrangements of the cathedral, 265.
   Nave and side-aisles, 287.

 Maguelonne, fortified church at, ii, 57. 93.

 Mahomed Khodabendah, city founded by, ii, 573.
   Splendid tomb erected by him, 574.

 Mahomet, first mosque of, ii, 514. 516.
   His intention relative to the temple of Jerusalem, 518.

 Mahomet II, number and splendour of the mosques of, ii, 557.

 Mahomedanism, result of the outburst and cause of the success of, ii,
    512-515.
   Expulsion of its followers from Spain, 556.
   Their habit regarding the architecture of conquered peoples, 557.

 Maison Carrée, Nîmes, i, 311.
   Description, plan, &c., 317. 509.

 Malines, church of St. Rombaut at, ii, 194.
   Chief points of interest, 196.

 Mallay, M., on the churches in Puy de Dome, ii, 89. 92.

 Mammeisi, purpose of Egyptian temples so called, i, 132.

 Manco Capac’s house, Cuzco, ii, 604.

 Manetho, dynastic chronology of Egypt, by, i, 90.
   Fragment preserved by Josephus, 93.
   On the Labyrinth, 111.
   On the Shepherd kings, 116.
   Confirmation of his list of kings, 129.

 Manresa, collegiate church at, ii, 486.
   Interior view, 487.

 Mantua, i, 293.
   Campanile of S. Andrea, ii, 6, 7.

 Maplestead, Essex, Round church at, ii, 35. 398.

 Marburg, church of S. Elizabeth at; Plan, section, &c., ii, 267.
   West front, 268.
   Apse, 280.

 Marcus Aurelius, Column of Victory of, i, 353.

 Margaret of Austria, sepulchral church erected by, ii, 159.

 S. Maria degli Angeli, Rome, i, 344.

 S. Maria di Ara Cœli, basilican church, date of, i, 515.

 S. Maria in Capitolio, triapsal church, Cologne, ii, 232.

 S. Maria in Cosmedin, basilican church, Rome, i, 515.
   Tower: Dimensions, 578.
   Elevation, _ibid._

 S. Maria in Domenica, basilican church, Rome, date of, i, 515.

 S. Maria, Florence, dimensions of, i, 24.
   _See_ Florence.

 S. Maria Maggiore, basilican church, Rome, date of, i, 515.
   Plan, 521.
   Interior view, proportions, &c., 522.
   Modern alterations, 521.

 S. Maria sopra Minerva, basilican church, Rome, date of, i, 515.
   Its style, 517.

 S. Maria in Trastevere, basilican church, date of, i, 515.

 S. Maria Rotunda, _see_ Theodoric.

 S. Marie de l’Épine, west front of, ii, 156.
   Its English prototype, _ibid_.
   Spire, 157.

 Marienburg, brick Castle at, ii, 310.

 Mariette, M., Egyptian Explorations of, i, 105. 116 _note_.

 Markham, Mr., on Peruvian architecture, ii, 603.

 S. Mark’s, Venice. _See_ Venice.

 Marmoutier, church of, ii, 240.

 Marryat’s Works on Sweden, Jutland, &c., Illustrations from, ii, 316
    _et seq._

 Mars Ultor, temple of, i, 316. 509.

 Marseilles, early colonists of, i, 363; ii, 30.

 Marshall, Bishop, tomb of, at Exeter, ii, 405. 407.

 S. Martin, triapsal church, Cologne, ii, 232-234.

 S. Martino in Cielo d’Oro, Ravenna, i, 528 _note_.

 S. Martino di Monti, basilican church, Rome, date of, i, 515.

 S. Mary Redcliffe, a French prototype of, ii, 156.

 Mashita, palace at, plan, i, 400.
   Triapsal hall, 402.
   Western octagon tower, 403.
   Façade, 404.
   Elevation restored by the author, 405.

 Maspero, (M.), Egypt, domestic and military architecture, i, 136, 137.

 Mass, as an element in Architecture, i, 16.

 Mastaba, its meaning, i, 102.
   Examples, 102. 105, 106.

 Matera, cathedral at, i, 597.
   Window, 597.

 Materials in architecture: Stone and brick, i, 19, 20.
   Plaster, wood, cast iron, 21.

 S. Mathias, near Trèves, ii, 238.

 Maulbronn, Wurtemburg, Abbey of, ii, 236 and _note_.

 Mausolus, tomb of, at Halicarnassus, i, 282.
   View and plan as restored by the Author, 282, 283.
   Dimensions and description, 283, 284.

 Maxentius, basilica of, or Temple of Peace, its dimensions, i, 24.
   Considered as an example of Roman art, 306.
   Description, plan, sections, &c., 329-331.
   Its stucco ornaments, 345.
   Proportion of solids to area, 24; ii, 179.

 Mayence Cathedral, ii, 226.
   Its chief features, _ibid._
   Its western apse, 230.
   The Kauf Haus, 295.

 Mecca, the Kaabah at, i, 65. 212; ii, 514. 516.
   Arrangements, details, &c., of it, and of the Great Mosque, 536, 537.

 Mechlin, ii, 188.
   Intended Town-hall, 204.

 Medina, Mahomet’s Mosque at, ii, 514. 516.

 Medeenet Habû, temple of i, 125.
   Pavilion of Rameses, 137.

 Medum, Pyramid of, i. 102. 104.

 Megalithic period in England, ii, 337.

 Meillan, château of, ii, 184.

 Meissen Cathedral, ii, 276.
   Nave, 289.
   Baptistery, 292.

 Melrose Abbey, ii, 420. 431.
   Aisle, 432.
   East window, 433.

 Memnonium, the, i, 126.

 Memphis, i, 91.
   Mariette’s explorations, 92.
   Dynasties of Pyramid-building Kings, _ibid._
   Magnificence of the city, destruction of its monuments, &c., 118,
      119.

 S. Menoux, church at; exterior, ii, 102.
   Chevet and narthex, 103.

 Meroë, the alleged parent state of Egypt, i, 147.
   Remains of Ethiopian temples and pyramids, 148.
   Arches, 217.

 Merovingian Kings, no architectural remains of the, ii, 120.

 Merzig, Church of, ii, 238.

 Messina, architecture of, ii, 24. 29.
   The Nunziatella, 24.
   Cathedral, 29.

 Metal used in Roman architecture, i, 346 _note_, 384.

 Mettlach, Octagonal Church, ii, 249.
   Capital, 250.

 Metz Cathedral, pleasing features of, ii, 287.

 Mexico, primitive perfection of the arts in, i, 62.
   Early inhabitants, ii, 583.
   Recent artistic explorers, 584.
   Toltecs and Aztecs; result of the Spanish conquest, 584-586.
   Alleged Buddhist Sculptures: Eastern prototypes of Mexican forms,
      587, 588. 591.
   Teocallis or pyramid-temples, 589, 590.
   Temple or palace at Mitla, 591, 592.
   Buildings of Yucatan, 593-595.
   Principles of construction, 597. 599.

 Michel Angelo, ii, 566.

 Michel, Mont St., medieval features, retained at, ii, 186.

 Middleton (Prof.): Pantheon, i, 321 _note_.
   Trajan’s Basilica, 329 _note_.
   Roman Theatres, 335 _note_.
   Sutrium, 337 _note_.
   Velaria, 340 _note_.
   Frigidarium, Caracalla’s Baths, 346 _note_.
   Age of Temple of Minerva Medica, 359 _note_.
   Earthen pots in Roman Vaults, 549 _note_.
   House of Vestal Virgins, i, 375 _note_.

 Milan Cathedral, i, 24. Its architecture, 608. 610. 625.
   Plan, section, interior, original model, &c., 625-629.
   Church of San Lorenzo: Plan, its mutilations, &c., i, 550, 551.
   Church of San Ambrogio, its atrium, silver altar, bronze doors, &c.,
      i, 565-567.
     Its additional tower, 580.
   Tower of St. Satiro, 578 _note_.

 Milan city, half German, i, 500. 558.
   The Great Hospital, ii, 13.

 Miletus, Ionic temple at, i, 256.

 Minars and Minarets, their beauty, ii, 534.
   Examples: Hassan, 532, 533.
   Kaitbey, 535.
   Tunis, 540.
   Suleiman, 561.
   Sta. Sophia, 563.
   Erzeroum, 570.

 Minden, Church at, ii, 231.

 Minerva, temple of, at Sunium, i, 254.

 Minerva Medica, temple or tomb of, i, 359.
   Peculiar features of its construction, 359-361. 434.
   Its real destination, 359 _note_.

 S. Miniato, Florence, i, 525.
   Dimensions, 584. Plan, _ibid_.
   Elevation, 585.
   Sections, 584. 586.

 Missionary zeal of the Buddhists, ii, 586.

 Missolonghi, doorway at, i, 246, 247.

 Mistra, Sparta, church of the Virgin at, i, 462. 471.
   Apse, 463.

 Mitla, Mexico, temple at, ii, 591.
   Palace, 592.

 Modena, cathedral at, i, 570.
   Octagon, 580.
   Ghirlandina tower, ii, 5.

 Mohammed, _see_ Mahomet.

 Mohammed ben Alhamar, founder of the Alhambra, ii, 551.

 Moissac, church at, ii, 69.
   Plan, 69.

 Mokwi, Armenia, Byzantine church at, i, 471.

 Molfetta, Apulia, church at, i, 582.
   Plan and section: its domes, 600.

 Monasterboice, Ireland, early doorway at, ii, 455.

 Monasteries: Kalat Sema’n, i, 422, 423.
   Troitzka, Moscow, 491.
   St. Gall, ii, 213-216.
   Ireland, 444.
   Spain, 502.

 Monkwearmouth, ii, 343.
   Saxon doorway, 343.

 Monreale: Plan of church at, ii, 26.
   Nave, 27.
   Its mosaic decorations, 26, 27.
   Cloisters, 29. Fountain, 30.
   Mosaic pictures or stained glass? 31.

 Mons, Belgium, ii, 188.
   Church of St. Waudru, 197.
   Polychromatic effects, 197.
   Town-hall, 204.

 Mont Majour, triapsal church at, ii, 59.

 Mont St. Angelo, baptistery of, i, 601.

 Mont St. Michel, Normandy, mediæval features preserved in, ii, 186.

 Montier-en-Der, part Romanesque, part Gothic church at, ii, 107.
   Its perfectness as an example of a new style, 108.
   _See_ 217. 344.

 Montierneuf, church of, ii, 86.

 Monza, example of brick architecture from, ii, 14.

 Moors, the, in Spain, ii, 461, 462. 468. 472. 495.
   Characteristics of the Moresco style: region in which it
      predominated, 497.
   Examples, 497-501.
   Their first important building, 543-545.
   Extent and nature of their remains in Spain; their probable origin,
      555.
   Period of their expulsion, 556.
   _See_ Alhambra. Saracenic.

 Moravia, ii, 210.

 Moresco Style, _see_ Moors.

 Morienval, church of, ii, 122 _note_.

 Mosaic pavements in Roman basilicas, i, 526.

 Mosaic pictures at Monreale, ii, 26, 31.

 Moscow, architects of the churches in, i, 485, 486.
   When made the capital of Russia, 489.
   Numerousness of its churches, 489-492.
   The Annunciation and St. Michael’s churches, 492.
   The Assumption, _ibid_.
   Plan, 493.
   St. Basil (Vassili Blanskenoy), _ibid._
   Plan, _ibid_.
   View, 494.
   Tower of Ivan Veliki, 496.
   _The Kremlin_. Towers on its walls, 497.
   Sacred Gate, 498.

 Moses, the brazen serpent of, i, 567.

 Mosques: Diarbekr, i, 392-394.
   Hebron, ii, 37, 38.
   Mecca, 536.
   Kerouan, 538.
   Cordoba, 543.
   Tabreez, 571.
   Ispahan, 576.
   _See_ Cairo. Constantinople. Damascus. Jerusalem. Mecca.

 Moudjeleia, Syria, plan of house, i, 448.

 Muayyad, El, mosque of, ii, 534.

 Muckross, Ireland, monastery cloister at, ii, 444.

 Münzenberg, castle of, ii, 259.
   Picturesque features, _ibid._

 Mugheyr, details and diagrams of temple at, i, 158, 159.

 Mühlhausen, Maria Kirche at, plan, ii, 289.
   Arrangement, view, &c., _ibid._

 Mujelibé, probable origin of the, i, 163.

 Munich Cathedral, ii, 286.
   Brick churches, 287.

 Municipal, _see_ Civic.

 Münster Cathedral, ii, 230.
   Lamberti Kirche at, 439 _note_.

 Murano, arches in apse of, i, 406.

 Murcia, chapel at, ii, 508.

 Murphy, Mr., illustrator of the Alhambra, ii, 507 _note_. 543.

 Music among the ancient races, i, 68, 82.

 Mycenæ, tombs of the kings at, i, 243.
   Gate of the Lions, 247.

 Mylassa, Column of Victory at, i, 353.
   Tomb, 371.
   View of same, _ibid._

 Myra, church of St. Nicholas at, i, 455.

 Myron’s treasury, and materials of its decorations, i, 250.

 Naksh-i-Rustam, tomb of Darius at, i, 204.

 Nancy, Ducal palace at, ii, 183, 184.
   Portal, &c., 185.

 Naples, paucity of examples in, i, 583.
   Cathedral, 584.

 Napoleon I., façade completed by, i, 629.

 Naranco, church of Sta. Maria, &c., its character and ornamentation,
    ii, 464.
   View, chief point of interest, 465.

 Narthex, the, in basilican churches, i, 514. 530.
   In St. Mark’s, Venice, 532.
   Cluny, ii, 99.
   Vezelay, 101.
   St. Menoux, 102.
   Spires, 229.

 Nature, imitation of, i, 41.

 Naumburg, church of, ii, 286.
   Choir-screens, 293.

 Naval architecture, continuous advance of, i, 45; ii, 128.

 Naval triumphal columns in Rome, i, 352.

 SS. Nazario and Celso, church of, its original appellation,
    peculiarities of construction, &c., i, 554.

 SS. Nereo ed Achilleo, basilican church, Rome, its date, i, 515.
   System of which it affords an example, 526.

 Nero, baths of, i, 343.

 Neufchatel, Notre Dame de, ii, 219.

 Neuss, church of St. Quirinus in, ii, 238. 262.

 Nevers Cathedral, ii, 149.

 New style, possibility of a, i, 44, 45.

 Newton, Sir Charles, explorations of, i, 282.
   Mausoleum, Halicarnassus, _ibid. note_.

 New Walsingham church, roof of aisle, ii, 400.

 Nicholai Kirche, Zerbst, ii, 291.

 S. Nicolo in Carcere, basilican church, Rome, its date, i, 515.

 Nieuport, Belgium, belfry of, ii, 200.

 Niké Apteros, or Wingless Victory, temple of, i, 255.
   Its frieze, 264.

 Nile, Egyptian rule with regard to erections on the two sides of, i,
    110. 135.
   Course of civilization, up stream or down stream? 147.

 Nîmes, Maison Carrée or Temple of Diana at, i, 311. 317. 509; ii, 49.
   Amphitheatre, i. 340.
   The Tour Magne, 362. 555.
   The Pont du Gard, 385. _See_ 428.

 Nimroud, North-west Palace at, i, 170.
   Plan, _ibid_.
   Result of exploration of the pyramid, 191.
   Vaulted drain, 215.

 Nineveh, i, 153. 169.
   Explorations, 169.
   Parts of Ninevite structures remaining, 198.
   Stairs, 201.

 Nisibin, triple church at, i, 428. 466.

 Nismes, _see_ Nîmes.

 Nivelles, church of St. Gertrude at, ii, 189.
   Its circular tower, &c., 190.

 Nocera dei Pagani, baptistery of, i, 546, 547. 435.

 Nomenclature in Christian architecture, remarks on, i, 411.

 Norman architecture, chief feature of, i, 17.
   Architectural province of Normandy, ii, 41.
   Inconsistency characteristic of the race, 105.
   Culminating epoch of the style, 105.
   Destroyers and rebuilders, 107.
   Examples of the style: towers and vaulting, 110-119.
   Pillars, 161.
   Result of the Norman conquest of England, 337.
   Effect of the wars of the Roses, 339.
   Norman chapels, 389.
   Norman gateway, 403.

 Normans and Norman buildings in Sicily, ii, 22, 23.

 Northampton, round church at, ii, 398.
   Eleanor cross in the county, 412.

 Norway, church architecture of, ii, 316.
   Wooden churches, 332-334.

 Norwich Castle, ii, 413.

 Norwich Cathedral: Plan, ii, 346.
   Tabular items, 417.
   _See_ 348. 358. 386. 389. 471.

 Notre Dame, Paris. _See_ Paris.

 Notre Dame de Dijon, ii, 147.

 Nourri, pyramids at, i, 148.

 Novara Cathedral: Atrium, plan, i, 562.
   Elevation and Section, 563.
   Baptistery, 552.

 Novogorod, Sta. Sophia, i, 471. 486. 488.
   East end, 487, 488.
   Interior, bronze doors, &c., 488.
   Convents, _ibid._
   Village church, 489.

 Noyon Cathedral, ii, 145. 168 _note_.

 Nubia, rock-cut Egyptian temples in, i, 130.
   Church at Ibrim, 510.
   _See_ Rock-cut temples.

 Nunziatella, Messina, ii, 24.

 Nuremberg, double chapel at, ii, 242.
   Churches, St. Laurence and St. Sebald, 283, 284.
   Peculiarity of the Frauen Kirche, 290.
   “Sacraments Häuschen” at St. Laurence’s, 293.
   Schöne Brunnen, 296.
   Bay window, St. Sebald, 298.

 Nylarska, Bornholm, round church, ii, 327.

 Nymwegen, circular church at, ii, 249, 250.

 Nyska, Bornholm, round church, ii, 327.

 Oajaca, Tehuantepec, pyramid of, ii, 590.

 Obelisks of Egypt, side of the Nile always chosen for the, i, 111.
   Earliest and finest examples, 111. 135.
   Their purpose, &c., 135.
   Assyrian obelisk at Divanubara, 192.

 Octagon: Ely Cathedral, ii. 352.
   Of Parliament Houses, 392.

 Odo, Archbishop, cathedral erected by, ii, 344.

 Oester Larsker, Denmark, round church at, ii, 327.
   View, 329.

 Ogival, French use of the term, ii, 169 _note_.

 S. Olaf, churches built by, and in memory of, ii, 316.

 Olite, Spain, castle of, ii, 506.

 Olska, Bornholm, round church, ii, 327.

 Omar, incentive to the building of a mosque by, ii, 516.
   His mosque, 517.

 Omm-es-Zeitoun, Syria, Kalybe at, plan and view, i, 437.

 Oppenheim, objectionable features in the church at, ii, 288.

 Orange, Roman theatre at: Description, i, 335.
   Plan and view, 335, 336.
   Triumphal arch, 348.
   Church ii, 53.

 Oratories: Normandy, ii, 110.
   Irish, ii, 450-452.
   Of Gallerus, 457.

 Orchomenos, tomb (or treasury) at, i, 244.

 Orkneys, architectural elements traceable in the, ii, 423.

 Orleans Cathedral, its merits, date, &c., ii, 152.

 Orleansville, double-apsed basilica at, i, 510.

 Ornament, carved, principle, object, and application of, i, 31-35.

 Osirtasen II., pyramid of, i, 113.

 Orvieto, i, 558. 614. 617. 619.

 Osman III., mosque of, ii, 564.

 Osnabrück, church at, ii, 230.

 Othos, German architecture under the, ii, 211.
   Minster ascribed to Otho III., 248.
   Tomb, 248.

 Otranto Cathedral, i, 596. Crypt, _ibid._

 Otricoli, basilica at, i, 334.
   Amphitheatre, 342.

 Ottmarsheim, Alsace, circular church at, ii, 250.

 Oudenarde, masonic trick in the town-hall of, ii, 204.

 S. Ouen, Rouen. _See_ Rouen.

 Oviedo, ii, 464, 509.

 Oxford Cathedral, Wolsey’s roof at, ii, 366.
   Choir arches, 366.

 Oxford Martyrs’ Memorial, ii, 413 _note_.

 Oxford University: Merton College chapel, ii, 375. 393.
   Exeter College chapel, 393 _note_.
   Colleges generally, 414.

 Paderborn Cathedral, transitional feature shown in, ii, 231. 307.

 Padua, civic hall at, ii, 10.
   Its dimensions, arcades, &c., _ibid._
   Church of San Antonio, i, 535. 536.

 Pæstum, Doric temple at, i, 255.
   Peculiarities of the double Temple, 271. 273.

 Painted glass, circumstances attending the introduction of, ii, 57. 70.
    92.
   Its influence as a formative principle in Gothic Architecture, 124.
   Results of its omission in modern windows, 125.
   Extravagances of the German artists, ii, 294.
   Introduction into and mania for its display in England, 338. 358.
      373, 374.
   Contrasted with polychromatic decoration, 31.

 Painting and Sculpture, their province as distinguished from
    architecture, i, 4, 5.
   Pre-Raphaelitism, 12.
   Egyptian examples, 94. 109.
   Ptolemaic period, 143.
   Painting and Sculpture in Assyrian buildings, 188-190.
   How used in the palaces of Persepolis and Susa, 208. 210-211.
   Sculpture and colours in the Grecian orders, 263. 266.
   External sculpture of the French cathedrals, ii, 141.
   English cathedrals, 338.
   Mural Painting in Saxon edifices, 344.
   Polychromy in Sicily, 26, 27.

 Palaces: Egyptian, i, 122. 125.
   Assyrian, 168-190.
   Ancient Persian, 201-211.
   Roman, 314. 375-380.
   Parthian, 390-395.
   Sassanian, 395.
   Romanesque, 556.
   German, ii, 256.
   Saracenic (Alcazar and Alhambra), 551-555.
   Persian-Saracenic, 578.
   Mexican, 592. 596.

 Palæontology, its importance to the Geologist, i, 53, 54.

 Palenque, probable Christian bas-relief at, ii, 593 _note_.
   Pyramid-temple, or Teocalli, 594. 599.

 Palermo, church of San Giovanni in, ii, 24, 25.
   Its mosque-like form, 24.
   Churches in mixed styles, 25.
   Cathedral: lateral entrance, 28.
     East end, 29.
     Use of the pointed arch, 30.

 Palestine, Italian Gothic, how introduced into, ii, 32.
   Examples, 33-38.

 Palmyra, Temple of the Sun at, i, 228. 324.
   _See_ ii, 523.

 Pansa’s House, Pompeii, i, 381.
   _See_ Pompeii.

 S. Pantaleone, Cologne, ii, 260.

 Pantheon, Paris, proportion of solids to area in the, ii, 179.

 Pantheon, Rome, compared with the Parthenon, i, 17.
   Its rotunda, 319.
   Portico, 320. 544.
   Description, Plan, Elevation, Section, &c., 320-322.
   Discoveries by Mr. Chedanne in 1892, 320 _note_.
   Repetitions of its form in miniature, 357. 543.
   Period of its erection, 320 and _note_. 321.
   Plan of lighting in, 322.

 Pantokrator Church, Constantinople, i, 457.

 Pappacoda, Naples, church at, i, 598.
   Its doorway, 598.

 Parenzo, Basilica at, i, 536.
   Plan 537.

 Paris: influence of the materials of its construction on the effect
    produced by the Madeleine, i, 20.
   Notre Dame: proportion of solids to area, 24. ii, 179.
     Compared with the Arc de l’Etoile, i, 30.
     Date of erection; plan, ii, 132.
     Area, original and altered elevation, &c., 133.
     Constructive defects, _ibid._
     Façade, 136.
     Its character as a whole, 137.
     Windows, 163.
   St. Germain des Prés, and St. Geneviève, 121.
   St. Martin, 163.
   Pantheon, 179.
   Hôtel de Cluny, 184.
   Sainte Chapelle, ii. 122. 131. 155. 338. 374. 393 and _note_. 31.
   St. Eustache, 492 _note_.

 Parish churches, England, examples of, ii, 397-401.

 Parliament Houses, London, central octagon, ii, 393 _note_.

 Parma Cathedral, i, 570.
   Principles of design illustrated by the Baptistery, ii, 1.

 Paros, island of, apses of churches in, i, 539 _note_.

 Parthenon, principle illustrated by the, i, 14.
   Compared with other edifices, 17.
   Dimensions, 24. 258.
   Its fitness for ornamental adjuncts, 38.
   Its character as a work of art, 253.
   Elevation of a column, 260.
   The façade, 262.
   Plan, 270.
   Form, _ibid._
   Section, 273.

 Parthians, i, 389-392.
   Palace of Al Hadhr.
     Plan, 390.
     Elevation, 391.
   Mosque of Diarbekr, 392-394.

 Pasargadæ, tomb of Cyrus at, i, 164. 196-198.
   State of remains there, 198.
   Fire temple or tomb, 212.

 S. Paul’s Cathedral, London, i, 24. 446. ii, 179.

 S. Paul’s basilican church, Rome, its date, i, 515.
   Aisles, _ibid._
   Plan, description, interior view, &c., 516-519.

 S. Paul Trois-Chateaux, Provence, ii, 55. 255.

 Paulinzelle, ruined abbey of, ii, 238.

 Pavia, church of St. Michele at, i, 563. ii, 219. 244.
   Considered as an example of its style, i, 563.
   Section, 564.
   Apse, 565.
   S. Pietro and S. Teodoro, _ibid._

 Paxton, Sir Joseph, i, 48.

 Payerne, basilican church at, ii, 219.

 Peace, temple of, at Rome. _See_ Maxentius.

 Peacock, Dr., Dean of Ely, memorial to, ii, 382 _note_.

 Pelasgi, parent race of the, i, 75. 241.
   Most remarkable of their remains, 243.
   Domes, _ibid._
   Doorways, arches, wall masonry, &c., 245-247.
   Culminating period of their civilization, 251.
   _See_ i, 81 _note_.

 Pellegrini’s designs for Milan Cathedral, i, 629.

 S. Pellino, apse of, i, 593.
   Elevation, 592.

 Pendentives, diagrams of, i, 434. 532.
   At Salamanca, 476.
   At Tarragona, 477.

 Penrose, Mr., work on Athenian architecture by, i, 261 _note_.
   Discoveries in 1884 in Temple of Jupiter Olympius, Athens, 323 and
      _note_.
   Drawing by him, ii, 152.

 Pepin, union of French dominions under, ii, 120.

 Pergamon, German Exploration at, i, 256.

 Pergamus, wooden roofed basilica at, i, 427, 428.

 Périgueux, church of St. Front at, ii, 64, 65.
   Class of which it is the only specimen, 67.
   Its ante-church, 107.
   _See_ i, 535. 582.

 Peristyle in Greek temples, object of the, i, 271, 272.

 Perpendicular, late pointed, or Lancastrian style, epoch of the, ii,
    339.
   Motto of the period, _ibid._
   _See_ 376.

 Persepolis, i, 153.
   Author’s work on the subject, 168 _note_.
   Parts of buildings still preserved, 198.
   Prominence of staircases, 200.
   Palaces of Xerxes and Darius, 201-209.
   _See_ 390. 397.

 Persia, Assyrian buildings reproduced in, i, 158, 188.
   Palaces, 201-211.
   Fire temples, 212.
   Tombs, 212. 364.
   Paucity of materials for architectural history of mediæval Persia,
      ii, 567.
   Examples: Bagdad and Erzeroum, 568-571.
   Tabreez, 571-573.
   Sultanieh, 573-575.
   Ispahan and Teheran, 575-578.

 Peru, ii, 600.
   Difference between its buildings and those of Mexico, 600.
   Remains of Cyclopean remains at Tia Huanacu, 601, 602.
   Sillustani tombs, 603.
   Houses of Manco Capac and of the Virgins of the Sun, 604, 605.
   Tombs, 605, 606.
   Walls of Tambos and Cuzco, 606-608.

 Perugia, church of Sti. Angeli at, i, 545.
   Town-hall, ii, 10.

 Pesth, i, 410 _note_.

 Peterborough Cathedral: Proportions, ii, 347. 417.
   Nave, 357.
   Retro-choir, 365.
   Vault, 367.
   West front, 385.
   Clerestory, 471.

 S. Peter’s basilican church, Rome, its date, i, 515.
   Aisles, 515.
   Plan, 516.
   Site, dimensions, &c., 517.
   Internal view, 518.
   Two interesting adjuncts, 519.

 S. Peter’s, Rome (present building), i, 12. 24.
   Principles neglected in, 30.
   Proportion of solids to area, i, 24; ii, 179.
   _See_, i, 446. 618. 622; ii, 397.

 Petersburg, near Halle, ruined circular church at, ii, 250.

 S. Petersburg, architects of the churches of, i, 485.

 Petra, i, 363.
   Peculiar aspect of the locality, _ibid._
   The Khasné or Treasury of Pharaoh:
     View, 364.
     Section and description, 365.
   Question as to object of some of the so-called tombs, _ibid._
   Corinthian tomb, 366.
     Rock-cut interior, 367.

 Petrie, George, fact relative to Irish round towers proved by, ii, 450.

 Petrie, W. M. Flinders, researches in Egypt. Pyramids and Temples in
    Gizeh, i, 98-100. 102.
   Medum, 104.
   Abouseer, Dahshur, 107.
   Temple of Sphinx, 107, 108.
   The Labyrinth, 111, 112.
   Hawara, Illahun Pyramids, 112, 113.
   Houses at Kahun, 113. 115.
   Wooden column found by, 115 _note_.

 Phigaleia, temple of Apollo at Bassæ in, i, 273.

 Philæ, noteworthy features of the temple at, 142-143.
   Plan, 145.

 Philip Augustus, progress of France under, ii, 122.

 Philip of Valois, ii, 122.

 Phœnicians, the, i, 238 _note_; ii, 461, 462.

 Phonetic element in art, i, 4-10.

 Phrygia, object of contention between Egypt and, i, 229.

 Piacenza, church of San Antonio at:
     Plan, i, 560.
     Section, 561.
   Façade of cathedral, 568.
   Campanile, 581.
   Palazzo Pubblico, ii, 10.

 Pier arches in English cathedrals, ii, 367.

 Pierrefonds, castle of, ii, 185.

 S. Pietro ad Vincula, basilican church, Rome, i, 515. 525.

 Pillars (compound). Diagrams of plans, ii, 162.

 Pinnacles, over-employment by French architects of, ii, 174.

 Pisa Cathedral, i, 540. 566.
     Merit of its exterior, 588.
     View, 587.
   Blind arcades, 588.
   Leaning tower, 578. 603.
   Chapel of Sta. Maria della Spina, 633.
   Baptistery, 602.

 Pisani Palace, Venice, ii, 19.

 Pistoja, Cathedral, i, 588.
   Tower, ii, 6.

 Pitzounda, Byzantine church at: Plan, i, 469.
   Section and view, 470.
   Probable date, 471.

 Place, M., excavations and discoveries at Khorsabad by, i, 161.
    172-181. 176 _note_.

 Planes, triapsal church at, ii, 59.

 Pliny on the temple of Diana, i, 278.
   On the tomb of Mausolus, 283.
   On the tomb of Porsenna, 299.

 Pluscardine Abbey, ii, 439.
   Doorway, 441.

 Poetry, its province as an art, i, 5.

 Pointed arches and style: Earliest Italian examples, i, 572. 610.
   Pre-Christian and early post-Christian use of the arch, ii, 45.
   Theory, diagram, and examples, 46-49.
   Norman arches over pointed ones, 83.
   Invention of the true pointed style, 104.
   Critical observations greatest recommendation of the style, 123, 124.
   French examples, 130-186.
   Claim of the Germans, ii, 211.
   German examples, 264-291.
   Early Scandinavian examples, ii, 313-334.
   When introduced into England, 371.
   _See_ Arches.

 Poitiers, façade of church of Notre Dame at, ii, 85.
   Other churches, 86.
   Plan of the cathedral, _ibid._
     Its most remarkable feature, _ibid._
   Church of St. Jean, 107.

 Pola, amphitheatre at, i, 341, 342.
   Arch of the Sergii, 348.
   St. Maria de Canneto, 538.

 Polychromy. _See_ Colour. Painting.

 Polycrates, temple ascribed to, i, 256.

 Pompeii, i, 269.
   Basilica, 333.
     Plan of same, _ibid._
   Theatres, 335.
   Baths, 343.
   Shape and arrangement of private dwellings, 380, 381.
   Pansa’s house, 381.
   Use of colours and metals, 382-385.
   _See_ 570.

 Pontigny, abbey of, ii, 154.
   Chevet, 155. 171.
   A German copy, ii, 268.

 Porches, Portals, and Porticos: Persepolis (pillars), i, 207.
   Bergamo, ii, 9.
   French examples, 51-54. 58. 184.
   Lorsch, 255.
   Gothland, 325, 326.
   Dunfermline, 437.
   Spanish examples, 473, 474.
   Belem, 510.
   _See_ Doors and Doorways.

 Porsenna, Pliny on the tomb of, i, 299.

 Porta Nigra at Besançon, i, 349.
   At Trèves, 350.

 Portugal, church of Batalha in, ii, 507-509.
   Alcobaça, Coimbra and Belem, 509.
   Results of war and earthquake, 511.

 Prague, church of St. Veit at, ii, 285.

 Prato, Duomo at, ii, 3.
   Its tower, 7.

 S. Praxede, Rome, Corinthian base from, i, 312.
   Date of the church, 515.
   Arches, 525.

 Pre-Raphaelitism, cause of the failure of, i, 12.

 Priene, Ionic hexastyle temple at, i, 256.

 Proportion in Architecture, i, 26, 27.
   Diagrams, 28, 29.
   Observed in the Pyramids, 262 _note_.

 Proportions of area to solids, &c., in important buildings, i, 24.
   French cathedrals, ii, 179.
   English cathedrals, 417.

 Protestant worship, early French church suitable for, ii, 71.

 Provence, Roman bridge and arches at St. Chamas in, i, 351.
   Architectural boundaries, ii, 41. 43.
   Early use of the pointed arch, 45.
   Churches, baptisteries, and cloisters, 50-63.

 Prussia, East, brick architecture of, ii, 302.

 Ptolemies, the, i, 91. 126.
   Revival of Egyptian arts under them, 139.
   Temples of the period, 140-143.

 S. Pudenziana, basilican church, Rome, date of, i, 515.
   Scriptural interest attaching to it, its plan, &c., 524, 525.

 Puissalicon, tower at, ii, 59, 60.

 Pullan, R. P., and Sir C. Newton, Restoration of mausoleum of
    Halicarnassus, i, 282 _note_.

 Pulpits in German churches, ii, 293.

 Puy de Dome, churches in, ii, 89-93.

 Puy-en-Velay, cathedral at, ii, 96.
   Its cloister, _ibid._

 Pyramids, Tombs and Temples of Egypt, and their builders, i, 16, 17,
    18. 55. 61, 62.
   Date of the pyramids of Gizeh, 92, 93.
   Constructive skill exhibited in the Great Pyramid, 93-95.
   Truthfulness of its pictures, and portrait-statues, 95.
   Questions suggested by these structures, _ibid._
   Their site and number, 97.
   Dimensions, angular inclinations, &c., of the three great ones,
      98-100.
   Details of their construction, 101.
   Peculiarities of that of Sakkara, plan, section, &c., 103, 104.
   Medum, 104.
   Hawara, 112.
   Illahun, 113.
   Tombs, paintings thereon, &c., 105-107.
   Temples, and recent discoveries regarding them: their architectural
      effectiveness, &c., 107-109.
   Structures of the first Theban kingdom, 110.
   The Labyrinth, its arrangement, purpose, &c., 111, 112.
   Tombs of Beni Hasan, 114, 115.
   Remains of the Shepherd Kings, 116.
   Mode of lighting the temples, 124. 272.
   Rock-cut tombs and temples, 130-135.
   Mammeisi, 132.
   Arches in the Pyramids, 217.
   Use of definite proportions, 262 _note_.
   Mexican, as compared with those of Egypt and Assyria, ii, 591.
     Examples at Palenque, 594.
   _See_ Obelisks, Thebes.

 Qalb-Louzeh, church at, i, 425.

 Quattro Coronati, basilican church, Rome, date of, i, 515.

 Quedlinburg, Schloss Kirche, ii, 230.

 St. Quentin, church at, ii, 147.
   Town-hall, 183.

 Querqueville, triapsal church at, ii, 110.

 Quetzalcoatl, the Mexican Lycurgus, ii, 584. 586.

 St. Quinide, Vaison, France, peculiar apse of, ii, 53.

 St. Quirinus, Neuss, church of, ii, 238.
   Windows, 262.

 Rabbath Ammon, palace of, i, 407.
   Plan, section, 407.

 Raglan Castle, ii, 413.

 Ragusa (Dalmatia), palace of, ii, 21.

 Rahotep, tomb of, arches found in, i, 105.

 Rameseum at Thebes, its founder, dimensions, &c., i, 121, 122.

 Rameses the Great, i, 121.

 Rameses II., temple erected by, i, 214.

 Rameses Maiamoun, tomb of, i, 133.

 Ramleh, Syria, church at, ii, 37.

 Ratisbon, the old Dom at, ii, 219.
   Scotch church, 240.
   Baptistery, 252.
   Dimensions and arrangement of the cathedral, 279.
     Plan, 280.
     Entrance, 291.
   Church of St. Emmeran, 288.

 Ravello, Casa Ruffolo at, its exceptional style, i, 605.

 Ravenna. Tomb of Theodoric at, i, 296 _note_. 554, 555.
   Tomb of Galla Placidia, 435.
   Chapel in Archiepiscopal Palace, _ibid._
   Church of San Vitale, 359. 548-550. ii, 248.
   Ancient splendour of its basilican churches, i, 527.
     Examples: SS. Apollinare Nuovo and in Classe, 528-530.
   Its circular buildings, 547.
   Palace of Theodoric, 556.
   Tower of S. Apollinare in Classe, 577, 578.

 Rawlinson, Sir Henry, explorations of, i, 155 _note_. 157 _note_.
   On the Birs Nimroud, 157. 159 _note_.
   Assyrian canon discovered by him, 168.

 Reculver, Saxon fragments at, ii, 341.

 Redman, Bishop of Ely, tomb of, ii, 411.

 Refadi, Byzantine house at, i, 448.

 Reformation, effect on church building of the, ii, 339.
   _See_ 349, 418.

 Regulini Galeassi tomb at Cervetri, i, 297-299.

 Reichenau, basilican church of Mittelzell in island of, ii, 217.
   Plan, elevation, &c., _ibid._
   Roof, 222.

 St. Remi, arched gateway at, i, 349.
   Roman tomb, view, 361.
     Its object, principal features, &c., _ibid._
   Church at Rheims, ii, 121 _note_.

 Renaissance style, cause of the, i, 43, 47.
   Small love for it in England, ii, 335.
   _See_ ii, 340. 442. 470.

 Renan (E.), Phœnicia, i, 238 _note_.

 S. Reparatus, basilican church of, i, 509.

 Rhamnus, form of temple at, i, 269.

 Rheims, Roman arch at, i, 349.
   Church of St. Remi, ii, 121 _note_.
   Cathedral, 131.
     Plan, proportions, &c., 135, 136.
     Elegance of its façade and buttresses, 139. 173.
     External sculptures, 139.
     Windows, 164. 166.
     Capitals, 178.
     Porch, 273.

 Rhenish architecture, ii, 209-254.
   _See_ Aix-la-Chapelle, Bonn, Cologne, Germany.

 Rhine, inferiority of its Castles to those of England, ii, 413.
   Settlement of the Goths in its valley, i, 558.

 Riaz, Ferdinand, addition to the Giralda by, ii, 550.

 Ribe, Schleswig, cathedral of, ii, 321.

 Richard II., Westminster Hall rebuilt by, ii, 414.

 Rickman on remains of Saxon buildings, ii, 341.

 Rieux, church at, ii, 59.

 Riez, baptistery at, ii, 59.

 Rimini, arch erected by Augustus at, i, 347.

 Ripon, Saxon remains at, ii, 341.

 Rising Castle, ii, 413.

 Rochester: Chapter-house doorway in Cathedral, ii, 407.
   Castle, 413.

 Rock-cut tombs and temples of the Egyptians, i, 130.
   Temple at Ipsamboul, _ibid._
   Other examples, 131.
   Dynasties by whom constructed, 132, 133.
   Fact deducible from the mode of their construction, 133.
   As to the assumed intention to conceal their entrances, 134.
   Monuments at Doganlu, 233.
   Tombs in Lycia, 234-237.
   Cyrene, 285-287, 367.
   In Etruria, 294.
   Petra, 363-368.
   Jerusalem, 368-370.
   Rock-cut churches in the Crimea, ii, 482.

 Roda, Catalonia, church at, ii, 466, 467.

 Roeskilde, Denmark, Domkirche at, ii, 318.
   Plan and elevation, 319.

 Roger, king of Sicily, mosque-like church built by, ii, 24. 29.

 Romain-Motier, basilican church at, ii, 218.
   Plan, view, _ibid._

 Roman architecture: Pagan, _see_ Romans.
   Christian, _see_ Rome.

 Romance language, definition of, ii, 42 _note_.

 Romanesque style, origin of the, i, 411.
   Its various phases, 411.
   Distinctive features of this style and the Gothic, i, 502.
   Early examples in remote parts: African types, 508-510.
   Basilicas, 513-530.
   Modification of plan in St. Mark’s, Venice, 531.
   Basilicas at Parenzo, Grado, and Torcello, 537-541.
   Restrictive effect of its antecedents, Circular churches, 542-556.
   Lombard types. Basilicas, 558-574.
   Circular churches, 574-577.
   Towers, 577-581.
   Byzantine Romanesque, 582-606. [_See_ Byzantine.]
   Secular buildings: Example at Montier-en-Der, ii, 107.
   _See_ i, 563, 607; ii, 51, 73, 107, 108, 121, 221, 222, 247, 250,
      257.
   _See_ also Basilicas. Circular churches.

 Romans, architectural elements understood by the, i, 16.
   Their constructive merits and defects, 22.
   Neglect of proportion, 29.
   Modes of decoration introduced by them, 32, 33.
   First true constructors of the arch, 216.
   Essential differences between them and the Greeks, 238, 289, 290.
   Result of their early connection with the Etruscans, 290.
   Chief value of their style, 303.
   Architectural results of their marvellous career, &c., 304.
   First inhabitants of their city, 305.
   Their borrowings from the Greeks and Etruscans, 305, 306.
   Their extended use of the arch: Buildings evidencing their
      inventiveness, 306, 307.
   Variety and splendour of their works, 307.
   Their modifications and elaborations of the various orders, 307-313.
   Arcades, 313.
   Temples, 315-326.
   Importance attached to their basilicas, 327.
     Examples of same, 327-334.
   Theatres, 334, 335.
   Chief feature of admiration in their buildings, 336.
   Amphitheatres: Love for and result of gladiatorial exhibitions, 337.
   Flavian and other amphitheatres, 337-342.
   Grandeur of their baths, 342.
     Present remains of same, 343-346.
   Triumphal and commemorative arches, 347-352.
     Objectionable features in them and in their columns of Victory,
        352-354.
   Number and importance of their tombs, 354.
   Tombs, columbaria, temple-tombs, &c., 355-363.
   Tombs in the East, their character, sites, &c., 363-375.
   Domestic architecture: Palace of the Cæsars, 375, 376.
   Diocletian’s palace, Spalato, 376-380. [_See_ Diocletian.]
   Private dwellings, 380-385. [_See_ Pompeii.]
   Use of the metals in buildings, 384.
   Constructive skill exhibited in their aqueducts and bridges, 385-388.
   Tomb of Marcellus, 454.
   Feature in their buildings improved on by Gothic architects, ii, 161.
   England after their departure, 337.
   Use made of their buildings in Egypt and Spain, 515.