what it might be worth, and of the other made this which is like a
barber's basin, as thou sayest; but be it as it may, to me who recognize
it, its transformation makes no difference, for I will set it to rights
at the first village where there is a blacksmith, and in such style that
that helmet the god of smithies[446-4] forged for the god of battles
shall not surpass it or even come up to it; and in the meantime I will
wear it as well as I can, for something is better than nothing; all the
more as it will be quite enough to protect me from any chance blow of a
stone."

"Will your worship," said Sancho, "tell me what are we to do with this
dapple-gray steed that looks like a gray ass, which that Martino[446-5]
that your worship overthrew has left deserted here? for, from the way he
took to his heels and bolted, he is not likely ever to come back for it;
and by my beard but the gray is a good one."

"I have never been in the habit," said Don Quixote, "of taking spoil of
those whom I vanquish, nor is it the practice of chivalry to take away
their horses and leave them to go on foot, unless indeed it be that the
victor have lost his own in the combat, in which case it is lawful to
take that of the vanquished as a thing won in lawful war; therefore,
Sancho, leave this horse, or ass, or whatever thou wilt have it to be;
for when its owner sees us gone hence he will come back for it."

"God knows I should like to take it," returned Sancho, "or at least to
change it for my own, which does not seem to me as good a one; verily
the laws of chivalry are strict, since they cannot be stretched to let
one ass be changed for another; I should like to know if I might at
least change trappings."

"On that head I am not quite certain," answered Don Quixote, "and the
matter being doubtful, pending better information, I say thou mayest
change them, if so be thou hast urgent need of them."

"So urgent is it," answered Sancho, "that if they were for my own person
I could not want them more;" and forthwith, fortified by this license,
he effected the change, and rigged out his beast to the ninety-nines,
making quite another thing of it. This done, they broke their fast on
the remains of the spoils of war plundered from the sumpter mule, and
drank of the brook that flowed from the fulling mills, without casting a
look in that direction, in such loathing did they hold them for the
alarm they had caused them; and, all anger and gloom removed, they
mounted and, without taking any fixed road (not to fix upon any being
the proper thing for true knights-errant), they set out, guided by
Rocinante's will, which carried along with it that of his master, not to
say that of the ass, which always followed him wherever he led, lovingly
and sociably; nevertheless they returned to the high road, and pursued
it at a venture without any other aim.

DON QUIXOTE'S ENCOUNTER WITH THE LIONS

When the author of this great history came to relate what is set down in
this chapter he would have preferred to pass it over in silence, fearing
it would not be believed, because here Don Quixote's madness reaches the
confines of the greatest that can be conceived, and even goes a couple
of bowshots beyond the greatest. But after all, though still under the
same fear and apprehension, he has recorded it without adding to the
story or leaving out a particle of the truth, and entirely disregarding
the charges of falsehood that might be brought against him.

When Don Quixote called Sancho to bring his helmet, Sancho was buying
some curds the shepherds agreed to sell him, and flurried by the great
haste his master was in did not know what to do with them or what to
carry them in; so, not to lose them, for he had already paid for them,
he thought it best to throw them into his master's helmet, and acting on
this bright idea he went to see what his master wanted with him. He, as
he approached, exclaimed to him, "Give me that helmet, my friend, for
either I know little of adventures, or what I observe yonder is one that
will, and does, call upon me to arm myself."

He of the green gaban,[448-1] hearing this, looked in all directions,
but could perceive nothing except a cart coming towards them with two or
three small flags, which led him to conclude it must be carrying
treasure of the King's, and he said so to Don Quixote. He, however,
would not believe him, being always persuaded and convinced that all
that happened to him must be adventures and still more adventures; so he
replied to the gentleman, "He who is prepared has his battle half
fought; nothing is lost by my preparing myself, for I know by experience
that I have enemies, visible and invisible, and I know not when or
where, or at what moment, or in what shapes they will attack me;" and
turning to Sancho he called for his helmet; and Sancho, as he had no
time to take out the curds, had to give it as it was.

Don Quixote took it, and without perceiving what was in it, thrust it
down in hot haste upon his head; but as the curds were pressed and
squeezed the whey began to run all over his face and beard, whereat he
was so startled that he cried out to Sancho, "Sancho, what's this? I
think my head is softening, or my brains are melting, or I am sweating
from head to foot! If I am sweating it is not indeed from fear. I am
convinced beyond a doubt that the adventure which is about to befall me
is a terrible one. Give me something to wipe myself with, if thou hast
it, for this profuse sweat is blinding me."

Sancho held his tongue, and gave him a cloth, and gave thanks to God at
the same time that his master had not found out what was the matter. Don
Quixote then wiped himself, and took off his helmet to see what it was
that made his head feel so cool, and seeing all that white mash inside
his helmet, he put it to his nose, and as soon as he had smelled it he
exclaimed, "By the life of my lady Dulcinea del Toboso, but it is curds
thou has put here, thou treacherous, impudent, ill-mannered squire!"

To which, with great composure and pretended innocence, Sancho replied,
"If they are curds let me have them, your worship, and I'll eat them;
but let the devil eat them, for it must have been he who put them there.
I dare to dirty your worship's helmet! You have guessed the offender
finely! Faith, sir, by the light God gives me, it seems I must have
enchanters too, that persecute me as a creature and limb of your
worship, and they must have put that nastiness there in order to provoke
your patience to anger, and make you baste my ribs as you are wont to
do. Well, this time, indeed, they have missed their aim, for I trust to
my master's good sense to see that I have got no curds or milk, or
anything of the sort; and that if I had, it is in my stomach I would put
it and not in the helmet."

"May be so," said Don Quixote. All this the gentleman was observing, and
with astonishment, more especially when, after having wiped himself
clean, his head, face, beard, and helmet, Don Quixote put it on, and
settling himself firmly in his stirrups, easing his sword in the
scabbard, and grasping his lance, he cried, "Now come who will, here am
I, ready to try conclusions with Satan himself in person!"

By this time the cart with the flags had come up, unattended by any one
except the carter on a mule, and a man sitting in front. Don Quixote
planted himself before it and said, "Whither are you going, brothers?
What cart is this? What have you got in it? What flags are those?"

To this the carter replied, "The cart is mine; what is in it is a pair
of fine caged lions, which the governor of Oran is sending to court as a
present to his Majesty; and the flags are our lord the King's, to show
that what is here is his property."

"And are the lions large?" asked Don Quixote.

"So large," replied the man who sat at the door of the cart, "that
larger, or as large, have never crossed from Africa to Spain; I am the
keeper, and I have brought over others, but never any like these. They
are male and female; the male is in that first cage and the female in
the one behind, and they are hungry now, for they have eaten nothing
to-day, so let your worship stand aside, for we must make haste to the
place where we are to feed them."

Hereupon, smiling slightly, Don Quixote exclaimed, "Lion-whelps to me!
to me whelps of lions, and at such a time! Then, by God! those gentlemen
who send them here shall see if I am a man to be frightened by lions.
Get down, my good fellow, and as you are the keeper open the cages, and
turn me out those beasts, and in the midst of this plain I will let them
know who Don Quixote of La Mancha is, in spite and in the teeth of the
enchanters who send them to me."

"So, so," said the gentleman to himself at this; "our worthy knight has
shown of what sort he is; the curds, no doubt, have softened his skull
and brought his brains to a head."

At this instant Sancho came up to him, saying, "Señor, for God's sake do
something to keep my master, Don Quixote, from tackling these lions; for
if he does they'll tear us all to pieces here."

"Is your master then so mad," asked the gentleman, "that you believe and
are afraid he will engage such fierce animals?"

"He is not mad," said Sancho, "but he is venturesome."

"I will prevent it," said the gentleman; and going over to Don Quixote,
who was insisting upon the keeper's opening the cages, he said to him,
"Sir Knight, knights-errant should attempt adventures which encourage
the hope of a successful issue, not those which entirely withhold it;
for valor that trenches upon temerity savors rather of madness than of
courage; moreover, these lions do not come to oppose you, nor do they
dream of such a thing; they are going as presents to his Majesty, and it
will not be right to stop them or delay their journey."

"Gentle sir," replied Don Quixote, "you go and mind your tame partridge
and your bold ferret, and leave every one to manage his own business;
this is mine, and I know whether these gentlemen the lions come to me or
not"; and then turning to the keeper he exclaimed, "By all that's good,
sir scoundrel, if you don't open the cages this very instant, I'll pin
you to the cart with this lance."

The carter, seeing the determination of this apparition in armor, said
to him, "Please your worship, for charity's sake, señor, let me unyoke
the mules and place myself in safety along with them before the lions
are turned out; for if they kill them on me I am ruined for life, for
all I possess is this cart and mules."

"O man of little faith," replied Don Quixote, "get down and unyoke; you
will soon see that you are exerting yourself for nothing, and that you
might have spared yourself the trouble."

The carter got down and with all speed unyoked the mules, and the keeper
called out at the top of his voice, "I call all here to witness that
against my will and under compulsion I open the cages and let the lions
loose, and that I warn this gentleman that he will be accountable for
all the harm and mischief which these beasts may do, and for my salary
and dues as well. You, gentlemen, place yourselves in safety before I
open, for I know they will do me no harm."

Once more the gentleman strove to persuade Don Quixote not to do such a
mad thing, as it was tempting God to engage in such a piece of folly. To
this, Don Quixote replied that he knew what he was about. The gentleman
entreated him to reflect, for he knew he was under a delusion.

"Well, señor," answered Don Quixote, "if you do not like to be a
spectator of this tragedy, as in your opinion it will be, spur your
flea-bitten mare and place yourself in safety."

Hearing this, Sancho with tears in his eyes entreated him to give up an
enterprise compared with which the one of the windmills, and the awful
one of the fulling mills, and, in fact, all the feats he had attempted
in the whole course of his life, were cakes and fancy bread. "Look ye,
señor," said Sancho, "there's no enchantment here, nor anything of the
sort, for between the bars and chinks of the cage I have seen the paw of
a real lion, and judging by that I reckon the lion such a paw could
belong to must be bigger than a mountain."

"Fear, at any rate," replied Don Quixote, "will make him look bigger to
thee than half the world. Retire, Sancho, and leave me; and if I die
here thou knowest our old compact; thou wilt repair to Dulcinea--I say
no more." To these he added some further words that banished all hope of
his giving up his insane project. He of the green gaban would have
offered resistance, but he found himself ill-matched as to arms, and did
not think it prudent to come to blows with a madman, for such Don
Quixote had shown himself to be in every respect; and the latter,
renewing his commands to the keeper and repeating his threats, gave
warning to the gentleman to spur his mare, Sancho his Dapple, and the
carter his mules, all striving to get away from the cart as far as they
could before the lions broke loose. Sancho was weeping over his master's
death, for this time he firmly believed it was in store for him from the
claws of the lions; and he cursed his fate and called it an unlucky hour
when he thought of taking service with him again; but with all his tears
and lamentations he did not forget to thrash Dapple so as to put a good
space between himself and the cart. The keeper, seeing that the
fugitives were now some distance off, once more entreated and warned Don
Quixote as he had entreated and warned him before; but he replied that
he heard him, and that he need not trouble himself with any further
warnings or entreaties, as they would be fruitless, and bade him make
haste.

During the delay that occurred while the keeper was opening the first
cage, Don Quixote was considering whether it would not be well to do
battle on foot, instead of on horseback, and finally resolved to fight
on foot, fearing that Rocinante might take fright at the sight of the
lions; he therefore sprang off his horse, flung his lance aside, braced
his buckler on his arm, and drawing his sword, advanced slowly with
marvelous intrepidity and resolute courage, to plant himself in front of
the cart, commending himself with all his heart, first to God, and then
to his lady Dulcinea.

[Illustration: THE LION PUT HIS HEAD OUT OF THE CAGE]

The keeper, seeing that Don Quixote had taken up his position, and that
it was impossible for him to avoid letting out the male without
incurring the enmity of the fiery and daring knight, flung open the
doors of the first cage, containing, as has been said, the lion, which
was now seen to be of enormous size, and grim and hideous mien. The
first thing he did was to turn round in the cage in which he lay, and
protrude his claws, and stretch himself thoroughly; he next opened his
mouth, and yawned very leisurely, and with near two palms'-length of
tongue that he had thrust forth, he licked the dust out of his eyes and
washed his face; having done this, he put his head out of the cage and
looked all round with eyes like glowing coals, a spectacle and demeanor
to strike terror into temerity itself. Don Quixote merely observed him
steadily, longing for him to leap from the cart and come to close
quarters with him, when he hoped to hew him in pieces.

So far did his unparalleled madness go; but the noble lion, more
courteous than arrogant, not troubling himself about silly bravado,
after having looked all round, as has been said, turned about and
presented his hind-quarters to Don Quixote, and very coolly and
tranquilly lay down again in the cage. Seeing this, Don Quixote ordered
the keeper to take a stick to him and provoke him to make him come out.

"That I won't," said the keeper, "for if I anger him, the first he'll
tear to pieces will be myself. Be satisfied, sir knight, with what you
have done, which leaves nothing more to be said on the score of courage,
and do not seek to tempt fortune a second time. The lion has the door
open; he is free to come out or not to come out; but as he has not come
out so far, he will not come out to-day. The greatness of your worship's
courage has been fully manifested already; no brave champion, so it
strikes me, is bound to do more than challenge his enemy and wait for
him on the field; if his adversary does not come, on him lies the
disgrace, and he who waits for him carries off the crown of victory."

"That is true," said Don Quixote; "close the door, my friend, and let me
have, in the best form thou canst, what thou hast seen me do, by way of
certificate; to wit, that thou didst open for the lion, that I waited
for him, that he did not come out, that I still waited for him, and that
still he did not come out, and lay down again. I am not bound to do
more; enchantments avaunt, and God uphold the right, the truth, and true
chivalry! Close the door as I bade thee, while I make signals to the
fugitives that have left us, that they may learn this exploit from my
lips."

The keeper obeyed, and Don Quixote, fixing on the point of his lance the
cloth he had wiped his face with after the deluge of curds, proceeded to
recall the others, who still continued to fly, looking back at every
step, all in a body, the gentleman bringing up the rear. Sancho,
however, happening to observe the signal of the white cloth, exclaimed,
"May I die, if my master has not overcome the wild beasts, for he is
calling to us."

They all stopped, and perceived that it was Don Quixote who was making
signals, and shaking off their fears to some extent, they approached
slowly until they were near enough to hear distinctly Don Quixote's
voice calling to them. They returned at length to the cart, and as they
came up, Don Quixote said to the carter, "Put your mules to once more,
brother, and continue your journey; and do thou, Sancho, give him two
gold crowns for himself and the keeper, to compensate for the delay they
have incurred through me."

"That will I give with all my heart," said Sancho; "but what has become
of the lions? Are they dead or alive?"

The keeper, then described the end of the contest, exalting to the best
of his power and ability the valor of Don Quixote, at the sight of whom
the lion quailed, and would not and dared not come out of the cage,
although he had held the door open ever so long; and showing how, in
consequence of his having represented to the knight that it was tempting
God to provoke the lion in order to force him out, which he wished to
have done, he very reluctantly, and altogether against his will, had
allowed the door to be closed.

"What dost thou think of this, Sancho?" said Don Quixote. "Are there any
enchantments that can prevail against true valor? The enchanters may be
able to rob me of good fortune, but of fortitude and courage they can
not."

Sancho paid the crowns, the carter put to, the keeper kissed Don
Quixote's hands for the bounty bestowed upon him, and promised to give
an account of the valiant exploit to the King himself, as soon as he saw
him at court.

"Then," said Don Quixote, "if his Majesty should happen to ask who
performed it, you must say The Knight of the Lions; for it is my desire
that into this the name I have hitherto borne of Knight of the Rueful
Countenance be from this time forward changed, altered, transformed, and
turned."

THE ADVENTURE OF THE ENCHANTED BARK

Upon proceeding with their journey, they discovered a small boat,
without oars or any other gear, that lay at the water's edge tied to the
stem of a tree growing on the bank. Don Quixote looked all around, and
seeing nobody, at once, without more ado, dismounted from Rocinante and
bade Sancho get down from Dapple and tie both beasts securely to the
trunk of a poplar or willow that stood there. Sancho asked him the
reason of this sudden dismounting and tying. Don Quixote made answer,
"Thou must know, Sancho, that this bark here is plainly, and without the
possibility of any alternative, calling and inviting me to enter it, and
in it go to give aid to some knight or other person of distinction in
need of it, who is no doubt in some sore strait; for this is the way of
the books of chivalry and of the enchanters who figure and speak in
them. When a knight is involved in some difficulty from which he cannot
be delivered save by the hand of another knight, though they may be at a
distance of two or three thousand leagues or more one from the other,
they either take him up on a cloud, or they provide a bark for him to
get into, and in less than the twinkling of an eye they carry him where
they will and where his help is required; and so, Sancho, this bark is
placed here for the same purpose; this is as true as that it is now day,
and ere this one passes tie Dapple and Rocinante together, and then in
God's hand be it to guide us; for I would not hold back from embarking,
though bare-footed friars were to beg me."

"As that's the case," said Sancho, "and your worship chooses to give in
to these--I don't know if I may call them absurdities--at every turn,
there's nothing for it but to obey and bow the head, bearing in mind the
proverb, 'Do as thy master bids thee, and sit down to table with him;'
but for all that, for the sake of easing my conscience, I want to warn
your worship that it is my opinion this bark is no enchanted one, but
belongs to some of the fishermen of the river, for they catch the best
shad in the world here."

As Sancho said this, he tied the beasts, leaving them to the care and
protection of the enchanters with sorrow enough in his heart. Don
Quixote bade him not be uneasy about deserting the animals, for he who
would carry themselves over such longinquous roads and regions would
take care to feed them.

"I don't understand that logiquous," said Sancho, "nor have I ever heard
the word all the days of my life."

"Longinquous," replied Don Quixote, "means far off; but it is no wonder
thou dost not understand it, for thou art not bound to know Latin, like
some who pretend to know it and don't."

"Now they are tied," said Sancho; "what are we to do next?"

"What?" said Don Quixote, "cross ourselves and weigh anchor; I mean,
embark and cut the moorings by which the bark is held;" and jumping into
it, followed by Sancho, he cut the rope, and the bark began to drift
away slowly from the bank. But when Sancho saw himself somewhere about
two yards out in the river, he began to tremble and give himself up for
lost; but nothing distressed him more than hearing Dapple bray and
seeing Rocinante struggling to get loose, and said he to his master,
"Dapple is braying in grief at our leaving him, and Rocinante is trying
to escape and plunge in after us. O dear friends, peace be with you, and
may this madness that is taking us away from you, turned into sober
sense, bring us back to you."

And with this he fell weeping so bitterly, that Don Quixote said to him,
sharply and angrily, "What art thou afraid of, cowardly creature? What
art thou weeping at, heart of butter-paste? Who pursues or molests thee,
thou soul of a tame mouse? What dost thou want, unsatisfied in the very
heart of abundance? Art thou, perchance, tramping barefoot over the
mountains, instead of being seated on a bench like an archduke on the
tranquil stream of this pleasant river, from which in a short space we
shall come out upon the broad sea? But we must have already emerged and
gone seven hundred or eight hundred leagues; and if I had here an
astrolabe to take the altitude of the pole, I could tell thee how many
we have traveled, though either I know little, or we have already
crossed or shall shortly cross the equinoctial line which parts the two
opposite poles midway."

"And when we come to that line your worship speaks of," said Sancho,
"how far shall we have gone?"

"Very far," said Don Quixote, "for of the three hundred and sixty
degrees that this terraqueous globe contains, as computed by Ptolemy,
the greatest cosmographer known, we shall have traveled one-half when we
come to the line I spoke of."

"By God," said Sancho, "your worship gives me a nice authority for what
you say, putrid Dolly something transmogrified, or whatever it is."

Don Quixote laughed at the interpretation Sancho put upon "computed,"
and the name of the cosmographer Ptolemy.

"I can see with my own eyes," said Sancho, "that we have not moved five
yards away from the bank, or shifted two yards from where the animals
stand, for there are Rocinante and Dapple in the very same place where
we left them; and watching a point, as I do now, I swear by all that's
good, we are not stirring or moving at the pace of an ant."

They now came in sight of some large water mills that stood in the
middle of the river,[462-1] and the instant Don Quixote saw them he
cried out to Sancho, "Seest thou there, my friend? there stands the
city, castle, or fortress, where there is, no doubt, some knight in
durance, or ill-used queen, or infanta, or princess, in aid of whom I am
brought hither."

"What the devil city, fortress, or castle is your worship talking about,
señor?" said Sancho; "don't you see that those are mills that stand in
the river to grind corn?"

"Hold thy peace, Sancho," said Don Quixote; "though they look like mills
they are not so; I have already told thee that enchantments transform
things and change their proper shapes; I do not mean to say they really
change them from one form into another, but that it seems as though they
did, as experience proved in the transformation of Dulcinea, sole refuge
of my hopes."

By this time, the boat, having reached the middle of the stream, began
to move less slowly than hitherto. The millers belonging to the mills,
when they saw the boat coming down the river, and on the point of being
sucked in by the draught of the wheels, ran out in haste, several of
them, with long poles to stop it, and being all mealy, with faces and
garments covered with flour, they presented a sinister appearance. They
raised loud shouts, crying, "Devils of men, where are you going to? Are
you mad? Do you want to drown yourselves, or dash yourselves to pieces
among these wheels?"

"Did I not tell thee, Sancho," said Don Quixote at this, "that we had
reached the place where I am to show what the might of my arm can do?
See what ruffians and villains come out against me; see what monsters
oppose me; see what hideous countenances come to frighten us! You shall
soon see, scoundrels!" And then standing up in the boat he began in a
loud voice to hurl threats at the millers, exclaiming, "Ill-conditioned
and worse-counselled rabble, restore to liberty and freedom the person
ye hold in durance in this your fortress or prison, high or low or of
whatever rank or quality he be, for I am Don Quixote of La Mancha,
otherwise called the Knight of the Lions, for whom, by the disposition
of Heaven above, it is reserved to give a happy issue to this
adventure;" and so saying he drew his sword and began making passes in
the air at the millers, who, hearing but not understanding all this
nonsense, strove to stop the boat, which was now getting into the
rushing channel of the wheels.

[Illustration: SANCHO FELL ON HIS KNEES]

Sancho, in very real despair, fell upon his knees devoutly appealing to
Heaven to deliver him from such imminent peril; which it did by the
activity and quickness of the millers, who, pushing against the boat
with their poles, stopped it, not, however, without upsetting it and
throwing Don Quixote and Sancho into the water; and lucky it was for Don
Quixote that he could swim like a goose, though the weight of his armor
carried him twice to the bottom; and had it not been for the millers,
who plunged in and hoisted them both out, it would have been Troy town
with the pair of them. As soon as, more drenched than thirsty, they were
landed, Sancho went down on his knees and with clasped hands and eyes
raised to heaven, prayed a long and fervent prayer to God to deliver him
evermore from the rash projects and attempts of his master.

The surprised fishermen, the owners of the boat, which the mill-wheels
had knocked to pieces, now came up, and seeing it smashed they proceeded
to strip Sancho and to demand payment for it from Don Quixote; but he
with great calmness, just as if nothing had happened to him, told the
millers and fishermen that he would pay for the bark most cheerfully, on
condition that they delivered up to him, free and unhurt, the person or
persons that were in durance in that castle of theirs.

"What persons or what castle art thou talking of, madman?" said one of
the millers; "art thou for carrying off the people who come to grind
corn in these mills?"

"That's enough," said Don Quixote to himself, "it would be preaching in
the desert to attempt by entreaties to induce this rabble to do any
virtuous action. In this adventure two mighty enchanters must have
encountered one another, and one frustrates what the other attempts; one
provided a bark for me, and the other upset me; God help us, this world
is all machinations and schemes at cross purposes one with the other. I
can do no more." And then turning towards the mills he said aloud,
"Friends, whoe'er ye be that are immured in that prison, forgive me
that, to my misfortune and yours, I cannot deliver you from your misery;
this adventure is doubtless reserved and destined for some other
knight."

So saying he settled with the fishermen, and paid fifty reals for the
boat, which Sancho handed to them very much against the grain, saying,
"With a couple more bark businesses like this we shall have sunk our
whole capital, which is none too large."

The fishermen and the millers stood staring in amazement at the two
figures, so very different to all appearance from ordinary men, and were
wholly unable to make out the drift of the observations and questions
Don Quixote addressed to them; and coming to the conclusion that they
were madmen, they left them and betook themselves, the millers to their
mills, and the fishermen to their huts.

Whereupon Don Quixote and Sancho Panza, like a pair of senseless animals
themselves, returned to the animals they had left, and thus ended the
adventure of the enchanted bark.

THE ADVENTURE OF THE WOODEN HORSE

     NOTE.--Don Quixote and Sancho his squire, having encountered in a
     forest a certain duke and his duchess, had been invited to pass
     some time in the ducal palace. The duke and his friends, bent on
     amusement, persuaded Don Quixote that a vile enchanter, angered at
     some ladies, had for punishment caused heavy beards to grow on
     their faces. They even showed him the ladies, impersonated, of
     course, by men; and they persuaded him that the beards would be
     removed if he, with his squire, would take a long ride on a famous
     wooden horse, Clavileño.

And now night came, and with it the appointed time for the arrival of
the famous horse Clavileño, the non-appearance of which was already
beginning to make Don Quixote uneasy, for it struck him that, as
Malambruno[467-1] was so long about sending it, either he himself was
not the knight for whom the adventure was reserved, or else Malambruno
did not dare to meet him in single combat. But lo! suddenly there came
into the garden four wild-men all clad in green ivy bearing on their
shoulders a great wooden horse. They placed it on its feet on the
ground, and one of the wild-men said, "Let the knight who has heart for
it mount this machine."

Here Sancho exclaimed, "I don't mount, for neither have I the heart nor
am I a knight."

"And let the squire, if he has one," continued the wild-man, "take his
seat on the croup, and let him trust the valiant Malambruno; for by no
sword save his, nor by the malice of any other, shall he be assailed.
It is but to turn this peg the horse has in his neck, and he will bear
them through the air to where Malambruno awaits them; but lest the vast
elevation of their course should make them giddy, their eyes must be
covered until the horse neighs, which will be the sign of their having
completed their journey."

With these words, leaving Clavileño behind them, they retired with easy
dignity the way they came. As soon as the Distressed One[468-2] saw the
horse, almost in tears she exclaimed to Don Quixote, "Valiant knight,
the promise of Malambruno has proved trustworthy; the horse has come,
our beards are growing, and by every hair in them we all of us implore
thee to shave and shear us, as it is only mounting him with thy squire
and making a happy beginning with your new journey."

"That I will, Señora Countess Trifaldi," said Don Quixote, "most gladly
and with right good will, without stopping to take a cushion or put on
my spurs, so as not to lose time, such is my desire to see you,
señora, and all these duennas shaved clean."

"That I won't," said Sancho, "with good will or bad will or any way at
all; and if this shaving can't be done without my mounting on the croup,
my master had better look out for another squire to go with him, and
these ladies for some other way of making their faces smooth; I'm no
witch to have a taste for traveling through the air. What would my
islanders say when they heard their governor was going strolling about
on the winds?"[468-3]

"Friend Sancho," said the duke at this, "the island that I have promised
you is not a moving one, or one that will run away; it has roots so
deeply buried in the bowels of the earth that it will be no easy matter
to pluck it up or shift it from where it is; you know as well as I do
that there is no sort of office of any importance that is not obtained
by a bribe of some kind, great or small; well, then, that which I look
to receive for this government is that you go with your master Don
Quixote, and bring this memorable adventure to a conclusion; and whether
you return on Clavileño as quickly as his speed seems to promise, or
adverse fortune brings you back on foot traveling as a pilgrim from
hostel to hostel and from inn to inn, you will always find your island
on your return where you left it, and your islanders with the same
eagerness they have always had to receive you as their governor, and my
good will will remain the same; doubt not the truth of this, Señor
Sancho, for that would be grievously wronging my disposition to serve
you."

"Say no more, señor," said Sancho; "I am a poor squire and not equal to
carrying so much courtesy; let my master mount; bandage my eyes and
commit me to God's care, and tell me if I may commend myself to our Lord
or call upon the angels to protect me when we go towering up there."

To this the Trifaldi[469-4] made answer, "Sancho, you may freely commend
yourself to God or whom you will; for Malambruno, though an enchanter,
is a Christian, and works his enchantments with great circumspection,
taking very good care not to fall out with any one."

"Well then," said Sancho, "God and the most holy Trinity give me help!"

"Cover thine eyes, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "and mount; for one who
sends for us from lands so far distant cannot mean to deceive us for the
sake of the paltry glory to be derived from deceiving persons who trust
in him; though all should turn out the contrary of what I hope, no
malice will be able to dim the glory of having undertaken this exploit."

"Let us be off, señor," said Sancho, "for I have taken the beards and
tears of the ladies deeply to heart, and I shan't eat a bite to relish
it until I have seen them restored to their former smoothness. Mount,
your worship, and blindfold yourself, for if I am to go on the croup, it
is plain the rider in the saddle must mount first."

"That is true," said Don Quixote, and, taking a handkerchief out of his
pocket, he begged the Distressed One to bandage his eyes very carefully;
but after having them bandaged he uncovered them, saying, "If my memory
does not deceive me, I have read in Virgil of the Palladium of Troy, a
wooden horse the Greeks offered to the goddess Pallas, which was big
with armed knights, who afterwards destroyed Troy; so it would be as
well to see, first of all, what Clavileño has in his stomach."

"There is no occasion," said the Distressed One; "I will be bail for
him, and I know that Malambruno has nothing tricky or treacherous about
him; you may mount without any fear, Señor Don Quixote; on my head be it
if any harm befalls you."

Don Quixote thought that to say anything further with regard to his
safety would be putting his courage in an unfavorable light; and so,
without more words, he mounted Clavileño, and tried the peg, which
turned easily; and as he had no stirrups and his legs hung down, he
looked like nothing so much as a figure in some Roman triumph painted or
embroidered on a Flemish tapestry.

Much against the grain, and very slowly, Sancho proceeded to mount, and,
after settling himself as well as he could on the croup, found it rather
hard and not at all soft, and asked the duke if it would be possible to
oblige him with a pad of some kind, or a cushion; even if it were off
the couch of his lady the duchess, or the bed of one of the pages; as
the haunches of that horse were more like marble than wood. On this the
Trifaldi observed that Clavileño would not bear any kind of harness or
trappings, and that his best plan would be to sit sideways like a woman,
as in that way he would not feel the hardness so much.

Sancho did so, and bidding them farewell, allowed his eyes to be
bandaged, but immediately afterwards uncovered them again, and looking
tenderly and tearfully on those in the garden, bade them help him in his
present strait with plenty of Paternosters and Ave Marias, that God
might provide some one to say as many for them, whenever they found
themselves in a similar emergency.

At this Don Quixote exclaimed, "Art thou on the gallows, thief, or at
thy last moment, to use pitiful entreaties of that sort? Cover thine
eyes, cover thine eyes, abject animal, and let not thy fear escape thy
lips, at least, in my presence."

"Let them blindfold me," said Sancho; "as you won't let me commend
myself or be commended to God, is it any wonder if I am afraid there is
a legion of devils about here that will carry us off?"

They were then blindfolded, and Don Quixote, finding himself settled to
his satisfaction, felt for the peg, and the instant he placed his
fingers on it, all the duennas and all who stood by lifted up their
voices exclaiming, "God guide thee, valiant knight! God be with thee,
intrepid squire! Now, now ye go cleaving the air more swiftly than an
arrow! Now ye begin to amaze and astonish all who are gazing at you from
the earth! Take care not to wobble about, valiant Sancho! Mind thou fall
not, for thy fall will be worse than that rash youth's who tried to
steer the chariot of his father the Sun!"[472-5]

As Sancho heard the voices, clinging tightly to his master and winding
his arms round him, he said, "Señor, how do they make out we are going
up so high, if their voices reach us here and they seem to be speaking
quite close to us?"

"Don't mind that, Sancho," said Don Quixote; "for as affairs of this
sort and flights like this are out of the common course of things, you
can see and hear as much as you like a thousand leagues off; but don't
squeeze me so tight or thou wilt upset me; and really I know not what
thou hast to be uneasy or frightened at, for I can safely swear I never
mounted a smoother-going steed all the days of my life; one would fancy
we never stirred from one place. Banish fear, my friend, for indeed
everything is going as it ought, and we have the wind astern."

"That's true," said Sancho, "for such a strong wind comes against me on
this side, that it seems as if the people were blowing on me with a
thousand pair of bellows;" which was the case; they were puffing at him
with a great pair of bellows; for the whole adventure was so well
planned by the duke, the duchess, and their majordomo, that nothing was
omitted to make it perfectly successful.

Don Quixote now, feeling the blast, said, "Beyond a doubt, Sancho, we
must have already reached the second region of the air, where the hail
and snow are generated; the thunder, the lightning, and the thunderbolts
are engendered in the third region, and if we go on ascending at this
rate, we shall shortly plunge into the region of fire, and I know not
how to regulate this peg, so as not to mount up where we shall be
burned."

And now they began to warm their faces, from a distance, with tow that
could easily be set on fire and extinguished again, fixed on the end of
a cane.

On feeling the heat Sancho said, "May I die if we are not already in
that fire place, or very near it, for a good part of my beard has been
singed, and I have a mind, señor, to uncover and see whereabouts we
are."

"Do nothing of the kind," said Don Quixote; "remember the true story of
the licentiate Torralva, that the devils carried flying through the air
riding on a stick with his eyes shut; who in twelve hours reached Rome
and dismounted at Torre di Nona, which is a street of the city, and saw
the whole sack and storming and the death of Bourbon, and was back in
Madrid the next morning, where he gave an account of all he had seen;
and he said, moreover, that as he was going through the air, the devil
bade him open his eyes, and he did so, and saw himself so near the body
of the moon, so it seemed to him, that he could have laid hold of it
with his hand, and that he did not dare to look at the earth lest he
should be seized with giddiness. So that, Sancho, it will not do for us
to uncover ourselves, for he who has us in charge will be responsible
for us; and perhaps we are gaining an altitude and mounting up to enable
us to descend at one swoop on the Kingdom of Kandy, as the saker or
falcon does on the heron, so as to seize it however high it may soar;
and though it seems to us not half an hour since we left the garden,
believe me we must have travelled a great distance."

The duke, the duchess, and all in the garden were listening to the
conversation of the two heroes, and were beyond measure amused by it;
and now, desirous of putting a finishing touch to this rare and
well-contrived adventure, they applied a light to Clavileño's tail with
some tow, and the horse, being full of squibs and crackers, immediately
blew up with a prodigious noise, and brought Don Quixote and Sancho
Panza to the ground half singed. By this time the bearded band of
duennas, the Trifaldi and all, had vanished from the garden, and those
that remained lay stretched on the ground as if in swoon. Don Quixote
and Sancho got up rather shaken, and looking about them, were filled
with amazement at finding themselves in the same garden from which they
had started, and seeing such a number of people stretched on the ground;
and their astonishment was increased when at one side of the garden they
perceived a tall lance planted in the ground, and hanging from it by
two cords of green silk, a smooth, white parchment on which there was
the following inscription in large gold letters: "The illustrious Don
Quixote of La Mancha has, by merely attempting it, finished and
concluded the adventure of the Countess Trifaldi, otherwise called the
Distressed Duenna; Malambruno is now satisfied on every point, the chins
of the duennas are now smooth and clean, and when the squirely
flagellation shall have been completed, the white dove shall find
herself delivered from the pestiferous hawks that persecute her,[476-6]
and in the arms of her beloved mate; for such is the decree of the sage
Merlin, arch-enchanter of enchanters."

[Illustration: THE HORSE BLEW UP, WITH A PRODIGIOUS NOISE]

As soon as Don Quixote had read the inscription on the parchment he
perceived clearly that it referred to the disenchantment of Dulcinea,
and returning hearty thanks to Heaven that he had, with so little
danger, achieved so grand an exploit as to restore to their former
complexion the countenances of those venerable duennas, now no longer
visible, he advanced towards the duke and duchess, who had not yet come
to themselves, and taking the duke by the hand he said, "Be of good
cheer, worthy sir, be of good cheer; it's nothing at all; the adventure
is now over and without any harm done, as the inscription fixed on this
post shows plainly."

The duke came to himself slowly and like one recovering consciousness
after a heavy sleep, and the duchess and all who had fallen prostrate
about the garden did the same, with such demonstrations of wonder and
amazement that they would have almost persuaded one that what they
pretended so adroitly in jest had happened to them in reality. The duke
read the placard with half-shut eyes, and then ran to embrace Don
Quixote with open arms, declaring him to be the best knight that had
ever been seen in any age. Sancho kept looking about for the Distressed
One, to see what her face was like without the beard, and if she was as
fair as her elegant person promised; but they told him that, the instant
Clavileño descended flaming through the air and came to the ground, the
whole band of duennas with the Trifaldi vanished, and that they were
already shaved and without a stump left.

The duchess asked Sancho how he had fared on that long journey, to which
Sancho replied, "I felt, señora, that we were flying through the region
of fire, as my master told me, and I wanted to uncover my eyes for a
bit; but my master, when I asked leave to uncover myself, would not let
me; but as I have a little bit of curiosity about me, and a desire to
know what is forbidden and kept from me, quietly and without any one
seeing me I drew aside the handkerchief covering my eyes ever so little,
close to my nose, and from underneath looked towards the earth, and it
seemed to me that it was altogether no bigger than a grain of mustard
seed, and that the men walking on it were little bigger than hazel nuts;
so you may see how high we must have got to them."

To this the duchess said, "Sancho, my friend, mind what you are saying;
it seems you could not have seen the earth, but only the men walking on
it; it is plain that if the earth looked to you like a grain of mustard
seed, and each man like a hazel nut, one man alone would have covered
the whole earth."

"That is true," said Sancho, "but for all that I got a glimpse of a bit
of one side of it, and saw it all."

"Take care, Sancho," said the duchess; "with a bit of one side one does
not see the whole of what one looks at."

"I don't understand that way of looking at things," said Sancho; "I only
know that your ladyship will do well to bear in mind that as we were
flying by enchantment, so I might have seen the whole earth and all the
men by enchantment, whatever way I looked; and if you won't believe
this, no more will you believe that, uncovering myself nearly to the
eyebrows, I saw myself so close to the sky that there was not a palm and
a half between me and it; and by everything that I can swear by, señora,
it is mighty great! And it so happened we came by where the seven
she-goats[478-7] are, and by God and upon my soul, as in my youth I was
a goatherd in my own country, as soon as I saw them I felt a longing to
be among them for a little, and if I had not given way to it I think I'd
have burst. So I come and take, and what do I do? without saying
anything to anybody, not even to my master, softly and quietly I got
down from Clavileño and amused myself with the goats--which are like
violets, like flowers--for nigh three-quarters of an hour; and Clavileño
never stirred or moved from one spot."

"And while the good Sancho was amusing himself with the goats," said the
duke, "how did Señor Don Quixote amuse himself?"

To which Don Quixote replied, "As all these things and such like
occurrences are out of the ordinary course of nature, it is no wonder
that Sancho says what he does; for my own part I can only say that I
did not uncover my eyes, either above or below, nor did I see sky or
earth or sea or shore. It is true I felt that I was passing through the
region of the air, and even that I touched that of fire; but that we
passed farther I cannot believe; for the region of fire being between
the heaven of the moon and the last region of the air, we could not have
reached that heaven where the seven she-goats Sancho speaks of are
without being burned; and as we were not burned, either Sancho is lying
or Sancho is dreaming."

"I am neither lying nor dreaming," said Sancho; "only ask me the tokens
of those same goats, and you'll see by that whether I'm telling the
truth or not."

"Tell us them then, Sancho," said the duchess.

"Two of them," said Sancho, "are green, two blood-red, two blue, and one
a mixture of all colors."

"An odd sort of goat, that," said the duke; "in this earthly region of
ours we have no such colors; I mean goats of such colors."

"That's very plain," said Sancho; "of course there must be a difference
between the goats of heaven and the goats of the earth."

"Tell me, Sancho," said the duke, "did you see any he-goat among those
she-goats?"

"No señor," said Sancho; "but I have heard say that none ever passed the
horns of the moon."

They did not care to ask him anything more about his journey, for they
saw he was in the vein to go rambling all over the heavens giving an
account of everything that went on there, without having ever stirred
from the garden. Such, in short, was the end of the adventure of the
Distressed Duenna, which gave the duke and duchess laughing matter not
only for the time being, but for all their lives, and Sancho something
to talk about for ages, if he lived so long.

THE STORY OF THE LASHES

     NOTE.--It had been prophesied, by a pretended enchanter, that the
     Lady Dulcinea del Toboso could be freed from the enchantment under
     which a wicked magician had placed her, if Sancho would of his own
     free will give himself three thousand three hundred lashes.

Sancho went along anything but cheerful, and finally he said to his
master, "Surely, señor, I'm the most unlucky doctor in the world;
there's many a physician that, after killing the sick man he had to
cure, requires to be paid for his work, though it is only signing a bit
of a list of medicines, that the apothecary and not he makes up, and,
there, his labor is over; but with me, though to cure somebody else
costs me drops of blood, smacks, pinches, pin-proddings, and whippings,
nobody gives me a farthing."

"Thou art right, Sancho, my friend," said Don Quixote, "and I can say
for myself that if thou wouldst have payment for the lashes on account
of the disenchantment of Dulcinea, I would have given it to thee freely
ere this. I am not sure, however, whether payment will comport with the
cure, and I would not have the reward interfere with the medicine.
Still, I think there will be nothing lost by trying it; consider how
much thou wouldst have, Sancho, and whip thyself at once, and pay
thyself down with thine own hand, as thou hast money of mine."

At this proposal Sancho opened his eyes and his ears a palm's breadth
wide, and in his heart very readily acquiesced in whipping himself, and
said he to his master, "Very well then, señor, I'll hold myself in
readiness to gratify your worship's wishes if I'm to profit by it; for
the love of my wife and children forces me to seem grasping. Let your
worship say how much you will pay me for each lash I give myself."

"If, Sancho," replied Don Quixote, "I were to requite thee as the
importance and nature of the cure deserves, the treasures of Venice, the
mines of Potosi, would be insufficient to pay thee. See what thou hast
of mine, and put a price on each lash."

"Of them," said Sancho, "there are three thousand three hundred and odd;
of these I have given myself five, the rest remain; let the five go for
the odd ones, and let us take the three thousand three hundred, which at
a quarter real apiece (for I will not take less though the whole world
should bid) make three thousand three hundred quarter reals; the three
thousand are one thousand five hundred half reals, which make seven
hundred and fifty reals; and the three hundred make a hundred and fifty
half reals, which come to seventy-five reals, which added to the seven
hundred and fifty make eight hundred and twenty-five reals in all. These
I will stop out of what I have belonging to your worship, and I'll
return home rich and content, though well whipped."

"O blessed Sancho! O dear Sancho!" said Don Quixote; "how we shall be
bound to serve thee, Dulcinea and I, all the days of our lives that
Heaven may grant us! If she returns to her lost shape (and it cannot be
but that she will) her misfortune will have been good fortune, and my
defeat a most happy triumph. But look here, Sancho; when wilt thou begin
the scourging? For if thou wilt make short work of it, I will give a
hundred reals over and above."

"When?" said Sancho; "this night without fail. Let your worship order it
so that we pass it out of doors and in the open air, and I'll scarify
myself."

Night, longed for by Don Quixote with the greatest anxiety in the world,
came at last. They made their way at length in among some pleasant trees
that stood a little distance from the road, and there vacating
Rocinante's saddle and Dapple's pack-saddle, they stretched themselves
on the green grass and made their supper off Sancho's stores, and he,
making a powerful and flexible whip out of Dapple's halter and
headstall, retreated about twenty paces from his master among some beech
trees. Don Quixote, seeing him march off with such resolution and
spirit, said to him, "Take care, my friend, not to cut thyself to
pieces; allow the lashes to wait for one another, and do not be in so
great a hurry as to run thyself out of breath midway; I mean, do not lay
on so strenuously as to make thy life fail thee before thou hast reached
the desired number; and that thou mayest not lose by a card too much or
too little, I will station myself apart and count on my rosary here the
lashes thou givest thyself. May heaven help thee as thy good intention
deserves."

"'Pledges don't distress a good paymaster,'" said Sancho; "I mean to lay
on in such a way as without killing myself to hurt myself, for in that,
no doubt, lies the essence of this miracle."

He then stripped himself from the waist upwards, and snatching up the
rope he began to lay on and Don Quixote to count the lashes. He might
have given himself six or eight when he began to think the joke no
trifle, and its price very low; and holding his hand for a moment, he
told his master that he cried off on the score of a blind bargain, for
each of those lashes ought to be paid for at the rate of half a real
instead of a quarter.

"Go on, Sancho, my friend, and be not disheartened," said Don Quixote;
"for I double the stakes as to price."

"In that case," said Sancho, "in God's hand be it, and let it rain
lashes." But the rogue no longer laid them on his shoulders, but laid on
to the trees, with such groans every now and then, that one would have
thought at each of them his soul was being plucked up by the roots. Don
Quixote, touched to the heart, and fearing he might make an end of
himself, and that through Sancho's imprudence he might miss his own
object, said to him, "As thou livest, my friend, let the matter rest
where it is, for the remedy seems to me a very rough one, and it will be
well to have patience; Rome was not built in a day. If I have not
reckoned wrong thou hast given thyself over a thousand lashes; that is
enough for the present."

"No, no, señor," replied Sancho; "it shall never be said of me, 'The
money paid, the arms broken'; go back a little further, your worship, and
let me give myself at any rate a thousand lashes more; for in a couple
of bouts like this we shall have finished off the lot, with even cloth
to spare."

"As thou art in such a willing mood," said Don Quixote, "may heaven aid
thee; lay on and I'll retire."

Sancho returned to his task with so much resolution that he soon had the
bark stripped off several trees, such was the severity with which he
whipped himself; and one time, raising his voice, and giving a beech a
tremendous lash, he cried out, "Here dies Samson, and all with him!"

At the sound of his piteous cry and of the stroke of the cruel lash, Don
Quixote ran to him at once, and seizing the twisted halter, said to him:

"Heaven forbid, Sancho my friend, that to please me thou shouldst lose
thy life, which is needed for the support of thy wife and children; let
Dulcinea wait for a better opportunity, and I will have patience until
thou hast gained fresh strength so as to finish off this business to the
satisfaction of everybody."

"As your worship will have it so, señor," said Sancho, "so be it; but
throw your cloak over my shoulders, for I'm sweating and I don't want to
take cold; it's a risk that novice disciplinants run."

Don Quixote obeyed, and stripping himself covered Sancho, who slept
until the sun woke him; they then resumed their journey, which for the
time being they brought to an end at a village that lay three leagues
farther on.

FOOTNOTES:

[433-1] The _olla_ is the national dish of Spain, and is a stew composed
of beef, bacon, sausage, chick-peas and cabbage, with any other meat or
vegetables which may be on hand.

[434-2] A _morion_ is a helmet without visor or beaver for protecting
the face.

[435-3] Alexander the Great was so fond of his horse Bucephalus that
when it died in India during Alexander's sojourn there, he founded a
city which he called Bucephalia, in honor of the steed.

[435-4] The Cid was the greatest of Spanish heroes.

[436-5] _Rocin_ is, in Spanish, a horse used for labor, as distinguished
from one kept for pleasure or for personal use; _ante_ means _before_.
Thus the name Rocinante meant that the horse had formerly been a hack,
or work horse.

[436-6] Amadis de Gaul was the hero of one of the most celebrated
romances of chivalry.

[438-1] When Don Quixote first set out on his quest of adventures, he
was unattended. Having been forced, however, to return to his native
town, he persuaded a peasant, Sancho Panza by name, to go with him and
serve as his squire. While Sancho was a hard-headed, practical man, he
was carried away by Don Quixote's promises of reward, and in time,
through listening constantly to the Don's conversation, he became almost
as mad as his master.

[440-2] Briareus was a famous giant of ancient mythology, who had fifty
heads and one hundred arms.

[440-3] By _sage_ is here meant an enchanter or magician.

[441-1] Don Quixote and Sancho had remained in terror through an entire
night, fancying from the noise they heard that they were near some
terrible danger. In the morning they found that this noise proceeded
from some fulling mills in the neighborhood.

[442-2] Mambrino was a Moorish king, mentioned in some of the romantic
poems which _Don Quixote_ is intended to burlesque. He possessed an
enchanted golden helmet which rendered the wearer invulnerable, and
which was naturally much sought after by all the knights. Rinaldo
finally obtained possession of it. Don Quixote, whose helmet had been
destroyed, had sworn that he would lead a life of particular hardship
until he had made himself master of the wonderful helmet.

[445-3] The _piece of eight_ is equal to about one dollar of American
money. The _maravedi_ is a small copper coin, of the value of three
mills in American money.

[446-4] The _god of smithies_ was the old Greek and Roman god Hephæstus,
or Vulcan; the _god of battles_ was Mars.

[446-5] _Martino_ is a blunder of Sancho's for _Mambrino_.

[448-1] This was a gentlemanly person whom Don Quixote had met on the
road a short time before.

[462-1] In certain rivers of Spain, floating mills, moored in
mid-stream, were common.

[467-1] This was the wicked enchanter who had caused the beards to grow.

[468-2] This was the leader of the sorrowful bearded ladies.

[468-3] The duke had promised to bestow on Sancho the government of an
island.

[469-4] The name of the "Distressed One."

[472-5] This was Phaëton, whose story is told in Volume II.

[476-6] Don Quixote and Sancho Panza had been persuaded that Dulcinea
del Toboso, Don Quixote's lady, was under enchantment, from which she
could not be released until Sancho had given himself three thousand
three hundred lashes.

[478-7] The "seven she-goats" were the Pleiades.

PRONUNCIATION OF PROPER NAMES

NOTE.--The pronunciation of difficult words is indicated by respelling
them phonetically. _N_ is used to indicate the French nasal sound; _K_,
the sound of _ch_ in German; _ü_, the sound of the German _ü_, and
French _u_; _ö_, the sound of _ö_ in foreign languages.

  ACTÆON, _ak tee´ on_
  ÆNEAS SYLVIUS, _ee nee´ as sil´ vy us_
  ALLEGHANIES, _al´´ le gay´ niz_
  ÆSCHYLUS, _es´ ky lus_
  AMADIS, _am´ a dis_
  BABIECA, _ba be ay´ ka_
  BENOIT, _ben wah´_
  BOSE, _bo´ zeh_
  BRIAREUS, _bri a´ re us_
  BUCEPHALUS, _bu sef´ a lus_
  CASA GUIDI, _kah´ sa gwee´ dee_
  CERVANTES, SAAVEDRA, MIGUEL DE, _sur van´ teez, sah ved´ ra, mee
    gayl´ deh_
  CHINGACHGOOK, _chin gahk´ gook_
  CHOTEAU, _sho to´_
  CHRISTIERN, _Kris´ tee urn_
  CLAVILEÑO, _klah ve lay´ nyo_
  DON QUIXOTE, _don kwiks´ oat_, (Sp.) _don´´ kee ho´ tay_
  DU CHAILLU, _dü shay lü´_
  HOTEL DES INVALIDES, _o tel´ day zaN´´ va´´ leed´_
  MAMBRINO, _mam bree´ no_
  MARTINO, _mar tee´ no_
  MICHAEL AROUT, (Fr.) _mee shel´ ah roo´_
  MOHICANS, _mo hee´ kanz_
  MONTCALM, _mont cahm´_
  NGOBI, _ngo´ bi_
  OLAUS MAGNUS, _o lay´ us mag´ nus_
  ORAN, _o rahn´_
  ORPHÉON, _or fay oN´_
  PARA, _pah rah´_
  PARACELSUS, _par a sel´ sus_
  PHAETHON, _fay´ eh thon_
  PLEIADES, _plee´ ya deez_
  POTOSI, _po to see´_
  PRAIRIE DU CHIEN, _pray´ ree doo sheen´_
  PTOLEMY, _tol´ e my_
  QUASHQUAMME, _quash guah´ me_
  QUESADA, _kee sah´ da_
  ROCINANTE, _ro´´ see nahn´ tay_
  RODERICH VICH ALPINE, _rod´ rick vick al´ pine_
  ST. GERMAIN, _saN zher´´ maN´_
  SANCHO PANZA, _sang´ ko pan´ za_, (Sp.) _sahn´ cha pahn´ tha_
  SIOUX, _soo_
  SOUVESTRE, EMILE, _soo´´ vestr´, ay meel´_
  TÊTE ROUGE, _tate roozh_
  THOREAU, _tho´ ro_, or _tho ro´_
  VERSAILLES, _vur saylz´_
  WILLAMETTE, _wil ah´ met_
  XENIL, _hay´ neel_

  Transcriber's Note

  Corrections

  24   Muleteeer changed to Muleteer
  102  Neverthelesss changed to Nevertheless
  107  hugh changed to huge
  123  distiguish changed to distinguish
  139  postion changed to position
  191  fellow-ceatures changed to fellow-creatures
  196  immeditatively changed to meditatively
  219  and Tom Tolliver changed to and Tom Tulliver
  267  miscroscope changed to microscope
  314  acquintance changed to acquaintance
  369  round, I take it. changed to round, I take it."
  407  Goodnature changed to Good-nature
  417  profundly changed to profoundly
  420  Holden ready for the fight: changed to Holden ready for the fight."
  442  out, answered changed to out," answered
  468  senora changed to señora
  476  of enchanters. changed to of enchanters."
  482  Rosinante's saddle changed to Rocinante's saddle
  485  Actaeon changed to Actæon
  485  Aeneas changed to Æneas
  485  Aeschyllus changed to Æschylus
  485  Buchephalus changed to Bucephalus
  485  Clavileno changed to Clavileño
  486  Orpheon changed to Orphéon
  486  Pleiadas changed to Pleiades
  486  Quashguamme changed to Quashquamme
  486  Tete changed to Tête

  Inconsistent hyphenation

  daylight / day-light
  farmhouse / farm-house
  firearms / fire-arms
  highborn / high-born
  homemade / home-made
  lopsided / lop-sided
  roadside / road-side
  skylark / sky-lark
  tipsy cake / tipsy-cake
  tomorrow / to-morrow
  upstream / up-stream
  waterbreaker / water-breaker

  Other comments

  The footnote referred to by marker number 4 on page 30 was
  printed on page 31.