A Venn diagram
(also called primary diagram, set diagram or logic diagram) is a diagram that shows all possible logical relationships between a finite collection of different sets.
Each set is represented by a circle. The circle size sometimes represents the importance of the group but not always. The groups are usually overlapping: the size of the overlap represents the intersection between both groups.
Here is an example showing the number of shared words in the lyrics of 3 famous french singers: (Nekfeu, Booba) and Georges Brassens. You can read more about this story here.
# Libraries
library(tidyverse)
library(hrbrthemes)
library(tm)
library(proustr)
# Load dataset from github
data <- read.table("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/holtzy/data_to_viz/master/Example_dataset/14_SeveralIndepLists.csv", header=TRUE)
to_remove <- c("_|[0-9]|\\.|function|^id|script|var|div|null|typeof|opts|if|^r$|undefined|false|loaded|true|settimeout|eval|else|artist")
data <- data %>% filter(!grepl(to_remove, word)) %>% filter(!word %in% stopwords('fr')) %>% filter(!word %in% proust_stopwords()$word)
# library
library(VennDiagram)
#cMake the plot
venn.diagram(
x = list(
data %>% filter(artist=="booba") %>% select(word) %>% unlist() ,
data %>% filter(artist=="nekfeu") %>% select(word) %>% unlist() ,
data %>% filter(artist=="georges-brassens") %>% select(word) %>% unlist()
),
category.names = c("Booba (1995)" , "Nekfeu (663)" , "Brassens (471)"),
filename = 'IMG/venn.png',
output = TRUE ,
imagetype="png" ,
height = 480 ,
width = 480 ,
resolution = 300,
compression = "lzw",
lwd = 1,
col=c("#440154ff", '#21908dff', '#fde725ff'),
fill = c(alpha("#440154ff",0.3), alpha('#21908dff',0.3), alpha('#fde725ff',0.3)),
cex = 0.5,
fontfamily = "sans",
cat.cex = 0.3,
cat.default.pos = "outer",
cat.pos = c(-27, 27, 135),
cat.dist = c(0.055, 0.055, 0.085),
cat.fontfamily = "sans",
cat.col = c("#440154ff", '#21908dff', '#fde725ff'),
rotation = 1
)
Here, it is easy to understand that Booba used 1995 unique words in the dataset. 44 of them were also used by Brassens and Nekfeu, 126 only shared with Nekfeu only.
A venn diagram makes a really good work to study the intersection between 2 or 3 sets. It becomes very hard to read with more groups than that and thus must be avoided.
Here is a famous example: a six-set venn diagram published in Nature that shows the relationship between the banana’s genome and the genome of five other species.
Even if this figure is quite attractive, it is really hard to extract any information from it. Here is a workaround.
To visualize the intersection between more than 3 sets, the best option is to use a UpSet plot.
Here is an example provided by the UpsetR R library that displays the banana genome information seen before. The total size of each set is represented on the left barplot. Every possible intersection is represented by the bottom plot, and their occurence is shown on the top barplot.
# Specific library
library(UpSetR)
# Dataset
input <- c(
M.acuminata = 759,
P.dactylifera = 769,
A.thaliana = 1187,
O.sativa = 1246,
S.bicolor = 827,
B.distachyon = 387,
"P.dactylifera&M.acuminata" = 467,
"O.sativa&M.acuminata" = 29,
"A.thaliana&O.sativa" = 6,
"S.bicolor&A.thaliana" = 9,
"O.sativa&P.dactylifera" = 32,
"S.bicolor&P.dactylifera" = 49,
"S.bicolor&M.acuminata" = 49,
"B.distachyon&O.sativa" = 547,
"S.bicolor&O.sativa" = 1151,
"B.distachyon&A.thaliana" = 10,
"B.distachyon&M.acuminata" = 9,
"B.distachyon&S.bicolor" = 402,
"M.acuminata&A.thaliana" = 155,
"A.thaliana&P.dactylifera" = 105,
"B.distachyon&P.dactylifera" = 25,
"S.bicolor&O.sativa&P.dactylifera" = 42,
"B.distachyon&O.sativa&P.dactylifera" = 12,
"S.bicolor&O.sativa&B.distachyon" = 2809,
"B.distachyon&O.sativa&A.thaliana" = 18,
"S.bicolor&O.sativa&A.thaliana" = 40,
"S.bicolor&B.distachyon&A.thaliana" = 14,
"O.sativa&B.distachyon&M.acuminata" = 28,
"S.bicolor&B.distachyon&M.acuminata" = 13,
"O.sativa&M.acuminata&P.dactylifera" = 35,
"M.acuminata&S.bicolor&A.thaliana" = 21,
"B.distachyon&M.acuminata&A.thaliana" = 7,
"O.sativa&M.acuminata&A.thaliana" = 13,
"M.acuminata&P.dactylifera&A.thaliana" = 206,
"P.dactylifera&A.thaliana&S.bicolor" = 4,
"O.sativa&A.thaliana&P.dactylifera" = 6,
"S.bicolor&O.sativa&M.acuminata" = 64,
"S.bicolor&M.acuminata&P.dactylifera" = 19,
"B.distachyon&A.thaliana&P.dactylifera" = 3,
"B.distachyon&M.acuminata&P.dactylifera" = 12,
"B.distachyon&S.bicolor&P.dactylifera" = 23,
"M.acuminata&B.distachyon&S.bicolor&A.thaliana" = 54,
"P.dactylifera&S.bicolor&O.sativa&M.acuminata" = 62,
"B.distachyon&O.sativa&M.acuminata&P.dactylifera" = 18,
"S.bicolor&B.distachyon&O.sativa&A.thaliana" = 206,
"B.distachyon&M.acuminata&O.sativa&A.thaliana" = 29,
"O.sativa&M.acuminata&A.thaliana&S.bicolor" = 71,
"M.acuminata&O.sativa&P.dactylifera&A.thaliana" = 28,
"B.distachyon&M.acuminata&O.sativa&A.thaliana" = 7,
"B.distachyon&S.bicolor&P.dactylifera&A.thaliana" = 11,
"B.distachyon&O.sativa&P.dactylifera&A.thaliana" = 5,
"A.thaliana&P.dactylifera&S.bicolor&O.sativa" = 21,
"M.acuminata&S.bicolor&P.dactylifera&A.thaliana" = 23,
"M.acuminata&B.distachyon&S.bicolor&P.dactylifera" = 24,
"M.acuminata&O.sativa&S.bicolor&B.distachyon" = 368,
"P.dactylifera&B.distachyon&S.bicolor&O.sativa" = 190,
"P.dactylifera&B.distachyon&S.bicolor&O.sativa&A.thaliana" = 258,
"P.dactylifera&M.acuminata&S.bicolor&B.distachyon&O.sativa" = 685,
"M.acuminata&S.bicolor&B.distachyon&O.sativa&A.thaliana" = 1458,
"S.bicolor&M.acuminata&P.dactylifera&O.sativa&A.thaliana" = 149,
"B.distachyon&M.acuminata&P.dactylifera&O.sativa&A.thaliana" = 80,
"M.acuminata&S.bicolor&B.distachyon&P.dactylifera&A.thaliana" = 113,
"M.acuminata&S.bicolor&B.distachyon&P.dactylifera&O.sativa&A.thaliana" = 7674
)
# Plot
upset(fromExpression(input), nintersects = 40, nsets = 6, order.by = "freq", decreasing = T, mb.ratio = c(0.6, 0.4),
number.angles = 0, text.scale = 1.1, point.size = 2.8, line.size = 1)
Here, it gets easy to understand that the vast majority of genes is shared between all plants, and which intersection are the biggest.
The R and Python graph galleries are 2 websites providing hundreds of chart example, always providing the reproducible code. Click the button below to see how to build the chart you need with your favorite programing language.
R graph gallery Python gallery
Any thoughts on this? Found any mistake? Disagree? Please drop me a word on twitter or in the comment section below:
A work by Yan Holtz for data-to-viz.com


Black Forest [bc52], forest, in Tenka, peasants: 164
Last updated Turn #136
Black Forest [bc52], forest, in Tenka, peasants: 164
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0: Garrison [fk3t], garrison, uncontrolled, with six peasants guards
0: Black Forest [bc52].
1: Apollo [b5e], Imperial Empire, with 11 workers, 63 lt. xbowmen,
1: entered Pleasure Sloop [v5n], accompanied by:
1: Lutra [a4w], Imperial Empire, with 13 paladins, 40 pikemen
1: Hera [g3f], Imperial Empire, with 20 soldiers, 40 pikemen
1: Thor [r4g], Imperial Empire, with ten soldiers, 39 pikemen
1: Eos [a2t], Imperial Empire, with ten workers, 48 lt. xbowmen
1: Khaki Blazer [w4j], Imperial Empire, with 17 soldiers,
1: seven pikemen, 35 lt. foot
1: Banian [e7n], Imperial Empire, duke, the High Priest of the Church
1: of Eres [151], with five soldiers, ten angels
1: Dunlop [j5s], Mandor Confederacy, prisoner
1: Pleasure Sloop [v5n], ship, 30 hulls, 1 rowing port, 90 sails,
1: departed for Ocean [bb52].
30: The population grows by one peasant.
Routes leaving Black Forest:
North, to Ocean [bb52], Crystal Sea, 2 days
East, forest, to Black Forest [bc53], 8 days
Garrison [jt5r], garrison, uncontrolled, with two peasants,
two workers
South, forest, to Black Forest [bd52], 8 days
West, forest, to Black Forest [bc51], 8 days
Inner locations:
Blue Spire [y58], tower, defense 20, 2% damaged
Seen here:
Garrison [fk3t], garrison, uncontrolled, with six peasants


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I wrapped my eyeballs
in soft cloth and tucked them away
they will not look at
you again
my two lips
I buried in the dust
now they thirst only for water
my swift feet
rest among the cobwebs
your door is thousands of miles
from here
my arms
are hidden in the snow
they can never hold you
back
I should have parted with
the heart
it still beats, and beats, and
beats.
Breasts
Anne Pilling
They have done the state some service and they know it
suckled my boys, pleasured my man.
Now they have to go under the knife.
I’m being good to them, I’ve bought
fine cottons pricked with little flowers,
I bathe them in sweet oils and I no longer
sit like a hunchback cramming them from sight.
Why in my fat-girl days did I wear bags
to hide their lovely roundness? Why did I
mound them with cushions on our old settee?
In water they float out like lily pads
nippled with dark pink buds as this old river
creeps silently to its weir. Sad I’ve denied them, sad
how love, released, runs wild when it is too late
Your Feet
Pablo Neruda
When I cannot look at your face
I look at your feet.

I know that they support you,
and that your gentle weight
rises upon them.

But I love your feet
only because they walked
upon the earth and upon the
wind and upon the waters
until they found me.


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I'm in a pickle. Putting a lid on these canning puns has a nice ring to it, but I'd like to somehow preserve the fun.
8/31/2014, 9:19:05 PM
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I'm in a pickle. Putting a lid on these canning puns has a nice ring to it, but I'd like to somehow preserve the fun.
8/31/2014, 9:19:05 PM
Favs: 1
Retweets: 0
link


INPUT
This is to be used in the FORM Tag.
This Tag identifies several Input Methods for Forms.
This is not a Container Tag and thus need not be closed.
Attributes
- ACCEPT :
Specifies a list of Acceptable MIME Types
for Submitting Files .
- CHECKED :
Used with the types RADIO and CHECKBOX
to change the Deafult State of these Input Methods.
- DISABLED :
Denies Access
to an Input Method.
- MAXLENGTH :
Indicates the Number of Characters one can enter
into a Text Input Method. Used with TEXT and PASSWORD Input Methods.
It doesn't effect the size of the Input Field displayed on the Screen.
- NAME :
Gives a Name to the value you pass to the Form Processor.
This eshtablishes a Name-Value pair for the Form Processor.
- READONLY :
Specifies that the Visitor can't Change
the contents of the Text Input Field.
- SIZE :
Specifies the Width of the Input Field (in
characters) Used with TEXT and PASSWORD Input Methods.
- SRC :
Specifies the Relative or Absolute URL of the
file to be loaded in the Floating Frame.
- TYPE :
Specifies the Type of the Input Method.
- TEXT :
Produces a simple One Line Text Input
Field which is useful for obtaining simple data. For collecting
Multiple lines of Text use
TEXTAREA
- PASSWORD :
Produces a simple One Line Text Input
Field similar to TEXT but is used to get Password. User can't see
the actual Password rather they see only *
- RADIO :
Produces a Radio Button (in Groups of 2 or
more) . It is used when the user is supposed to choose one out of
many values SELECT
can also be used for this purpose.
- CHECKBOX :
Produces a Check Box (in Groups of 2 or
more) . It is used when the user is supposed to choose one or
more out of many values SELECT
can also be used for this purpose.
- SUBMIT :
Produces a Button which when clicked
Submits all the Values to the Form Processor .
BUTTON
creates a Generic Button which can interact with
Scripts.
- RESET :
Produces a Button which when clicked
sets all the Input Methods to their default or empty settings .
BUTTON
creates a Generic Button which can interact with Scripts.
- IMAGE :
Replaces a Submit Button with an Image
. Its behavior is identical to that of Submit except that the
x, y co-ordinates of the mouse position over the image when selected are
also sent to the Form Processor.
BUTTON
creates a Generic Button which can interact with Scripts.
- FILE :
Takes a File as an Input .
It is used to Upload Files.
- HIDDEN :
Creates a Hidden Input Method .
- USEMAP :
Indicates the URL of the Client Side Image Map to be used with the
Form.
- VALUE :
Sets the default value Input Method .
Syntax
<FORM>
<INPUT [ACCEPT="MIME Type"] [CHECKED] [DISABLED] [MAXLENGTH="n"]
[NAME="NAME"] [READONLY] [SIZE="n"] [SRC="URL"] [TYPE="TYPE"] [USEMAP="URL"]
[VALUE="VALUE"]>
.....
</FORM>
Example
<FORM NAME="FEG1" >
Name :
<INPUT TYPE="TEXT" SIZE="25">
Password :
<INPUT TYPE="PASSWORD" SIZE="25">
<INPUT TYPE="BUTTON" NAME="BUTTON1" VALUE="SUBMIT">
<INPUT TYPE="BUTTON" NAME="BUTTON1" VALUE="RESET">
.....
</FORM>
Effect
Home
About


---
permalink: /fastaidocs/
layout: null
search_exclude: true
---
fastai v2
Concepts
Learner
Visualize
Evaluate
Training
Inference
DataLoader
Dataset
DataBlock
Download
Load
Transform
Vision
Text
Tabular
Optimizer
Model
Module
Loss
Summary
Concepts
Learner
Visualize
Evaluate
Training
Inference
DataLoader
Dataset
DataBlock
Download
Load
Transform
Vision
Text
Tabular
Optimizer
Model
Module
Loss
Summary


--- layout: post title: Face Astra shine lip gloss in brown tags: - Faces Cosmetics status: publish type: post published: true meta: _edit_last: '2' _graphene_slider_img: global _graphene_slider_imgurl: '' _graphene_show_addthis: global al2fb_facebook_image_id: '1426' _aioseop_title: Face Astra shine lip gloss in brown _aioseop_keywords: Face Astra shine lip gloss in brown, Face Astra shine al2fb_facebook_link_id: '218440691518395_302818839747246' al2fb_facebook_link_time: '2011-11-10T18:53:28+00:00' al2fb_facebook_link_picture: meta=http://missenchanted.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/IMG_1317-150x150.jpg _yoast_wpseo_linkdex: '0' _thumbnail_id: '1426' --- I own a very small set of glosses, and most of them are nude or natural pink shades. But sometime back I picked up Faces Astra shine in brown. Its true to its name and does make my face shine... you will get to know that in few line :) Price : Rs.239 for 4.5ml after the discount I picked it up from Fashionandyou, but its very easily available on Urbantouch and cosmetix.in. What I liked :


---
title: "PRUNING JAPANESE MAPLES"
date: "2000-01-01 18:03:21 -06:00"
categories:
- adult
subtitle: ""
layout: "events"
event-image: "japanese-maple.jpg"
event-dates: "WEDNESDAY, MARCH 21 and SATURDAYS, MARCH 24 & March 31"
event-location: "Red Butte Garden Sprouthouse & Offsite"
button-type: "register"
tickets-link: "https://continue.utah.edu/lifelong/class/llhg_907_pruning_japanese_maples"
registration-info: " Phone Registration Available:<PHONE_NUMBER>
Lifelong Learning: LLHG 907"
instructor-info: "Darrell Griggs"
member-cost: "$89"
public-cost: "$99"
event-notes: ""
tickets-button: ""
published: false
---
WEDNESDAY & SATURDAYS, MARCH 21 @ 6:30-8:30PM & MARCH 24 & 31 @ 10:30AM-12:30PM
REGISTRATION REQUIRED
Japanese maples are elegant trees and when properly pruned can be transformed into living sculpture and garden art. Don't let the fragile branching structure of your Japanese maples intimidate you anymore. This hands-on class will focus on the finer points of pruning and give you the confidence to successfully prune your Japanese maples. Focus is on Japanese maples but techniques can be applied to other specimen trees. One classroom session followed by two hands-on field days will give you the knowledge, practice, and confidence to prune your own trees. Wear appropriate clothing and bring gloves and hand pruners to Saturday classes. Prerequisite Pruning 101 or other pruning basics class. Co-sponsored with Lifelong Learning.


Anakin is a bavarian design studio specializing in design craftsmanship and creative use of digital technology.


{# Display information about a city. #} {# The app fetches the information from the database and passes it into this page in "ci". #} {% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}City Information{% endblock %} {% block content %} {# Loop over cities if we have multiple results for popular names like Milan, Rome, Berlin #} {% for city in ci %}
The city of {{city["NAME"]}} ({{city["ASCIINAME"]}}) is located in {{city["COUNTRYCODE"]}} within the timezone {{city["TIMEZONE"]}}. It has a population of {{city["POPULATION"]}}.
{# If there are alternate names, split them to format them nicely #} {% if city["ALTERNATENAMES"] %} The following alternative names are in use:{% set namelist = (city["ALTERNATENAMES"]).split(',') %} {% for name in namelist %} {{ name }} // {% endfor %}
{% endif %}Latitude: {{city["LATITUDE"]}}
Longitude: {{city["LONGITUDE"]}}
Elevation: {{city["DEM"]}}
Map: {{city["NAME"]}}
{% endfor %} {% endblock %}


Possible Next Step: We may include another component of data such as gender ratio and population income to the use of fossils fuel to further test the concept that poverty is an impedance to adoption of clean energy sources.
References:


amazon-chime-sdk
/
com.amazonaws.services.chime.sdk.meetings.audiovideo.video
/
VideoRotation
/
Rotation180
Rotation180
Rotation180
Rotated 180 degrees clockwise


Log in with Spotify
Obtain new token using the refresh token
toneDef
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Snookes1516.github.io
KS2 Homework Activity Pack - Twinkl. Welcome to the website for The Hathershaw College.
Contact Us - The Beacon School.
Welcome Message. Our mission is to ensure all children experience the love of Christ through the presence of each other, the staff, our parents and the Church. Bishop Thomas Grant School is a Catholic co-educational secondary school in the London Borough of Lambeth and the Archdiocese of Southwark. We are a specialist Maths. Kelmscott School is one of the top performing secondary schools in Waltham Forest. Principal’s Welcome - Oxford Spires Academy.
Bishop Thomas Grant School - Catholic Streatham London.
A colour by number activity which focuses on adding and subtracting negative numbers. This could be used as a starter, plenary, extension, revision or just general. Model United Nations is a youth run simulation of the United Nations Organisation. BTG are launching their own conference in 2018, where students in years Subject teacher association for RE professionals. It works to support those who teach and lead in all schools and institutions. The Hathershaw College - KS4 Revision Timetable.
Cookie Policy. This website uses cookies. Some may have been set already. To find out how we use cookies, read our cookie policy. Please click the button to accept. BrainPOP - Animated Educational Site for Kids - Science, Social Studies, English, Math, Arts Music, Health, and Technology. If you need help in preparing for a test, you've come to the right place. CliffsNotes can help you prepare for whatever standardized, professional
National Association of Teachers of Religious Education.
NEW Negative Numbers Colour by Number - Maths Download this lovely homework activity pack for lot's of great homework ideas! Includes various different activities to entertain your children for hours.
Welcome to the Religious Education Department New St Bon’s RE Department Resource Site Our Mission: Mutual Ascendancy The RE Department at St Bonaventure’s School. A 1 hour lesson on Zakah, Sadaqah and Khums, that includes a you tube clip and peer assessment as well as homework to complete a 12 mark evaluation statement question. Thematic Studies: Relationships and Families Homework. Kelmscott School Walthamstow, London. St Joseph's Catholic High School – Unlocking Belief
CliffsNotes Study Guides Book Summaries An 8 week homework booklet which can be used along side the lessons for the AQA Thematic Studies: Relationships and families unit for Christianity and Islam. There.
Religious Education Curriculum St Bonaventure's.
Dear Parents and Carers, As Academy Principal, I am delighted to welcome you to Castlebrook High School’s website, which provides a wealth of information about. 24/10/18. The sun sets on a fantastic trip to Italy for our amazing group of 41 Geographers. All the students have been fantastic ambassadors for our school. Craigavon Senior High School Valuing Young People.
Welcome to the website of Craigavon Senior High School which should provide you with an insight to school life and allow you to keep up to date with the achievements.
Welcome to Oxford Spires Academy. On behalf of all our students and staff, I would like to thank you for your interest in Oxford Spires Academy and for visiting. What is Zakah? KS4 by parkinsonnf - Teaching Resources This site provides a wealth of technology information sheets for pupils and teachers.


Module plot
Plot functionality
contains all the functions and tables for plotting
Functions
-
tPlot:New (present)
-
Create New PLot
Parameters:
- present
(optional) you can pass a previously created plot as template. Set values are overrideable
Returns:
new Plot
-
tPlot:add (fun, title, style)
-
Add function or datapoints {{X1.,Y1}{X2,Y2}} to plot
Parameters:
- fun
functiontion or datapoints
- title
title of the plot
- style
-
tPlot:push (command)
-
Pushes a command to the plot command stack
Parameters:
-
tPlot:plot ()
-
Plots the tPot object
-
tPlot.imgFormat (path)
-
print path with latex image include
Parameters:
-
tPlot.forwardCommand (table, key, value)
-
translate every acces to undefined object to set method
Parameters:
- table
self
- key
in table
- value
Fields
-
tPlot.steps
-
Initialize tPlot table
- steps
(number) Resolution, steps between xmin and xmax
- stack
counts and holds the created plots (globally)


StreamOnTheFly help
Sorry, this page is not ready yet. Last modified: Fri Feb 27 10:12:31 Central Europe Standard Time 2004


microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) gyroscopes, which are vibrating structure gyroscopes.
a vibrating object tends to continue vibrating in the same plane even if its support rotates. The Coriolis effect causes the object to exert a force on its support. by measuring this force the rate of rotation can be determined.
When rotating, the orientation of this axis is unaffected by tilting or rotation of the mounting, according to the conservation of angular momentum.
source: wikipedia


Pulse Watch
Visualize and export to .csv your Fitbit heart rate data
Click on the link below and sign in to the Fitbit login page. Then, grant permission for this application to access your data
Pulse Watch is secure, does not store any of your data, and is made with love by Neil


Preston Manley
Menu
Home
About
Tableau
Preston Manley
Resume
Education
Brigham Young University, Marriott School of Business
Graduating April 2019
Earned full-tuition Evan & Glenna Cooper scholarship & ½-tuition Glenn E. & Olive W. Nielson scholarship
Member of Marriott School of Business Student Council (Liaison between National Advisory Council & clubs)
Member of Global Supply Chain Club & Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP)
Experience
BYU Dining Warehouse
Feb 2017-Present
20% decrease in order lead time by streamlining fulfillment and delivery processes
20% cleaner warehouse & back-of-house areas through storage optimization, waste disposal
30% shorter supplier check-in time through implementation of delegation & order separation processes
Disneyland Resort (Disney College Program)
June 2016-Present
25% increase in guest interaction by utilizing open time to meet with guests from around the world
35% faster cleaning of restrooms & trashcans by streamlining routes, optimizing cleaning intervals
Received 10 formal recognitions from management concerning outstanding guest service & work ethic
Slingshot, Inc.
May 2016-April 2016
40% savings in processing fees by standardizing onboarding procedure, introducing incentive structure
Skills and Interests
Advanced Excel (modeling, pivot tables, solver)
Conversational in Filipino
Studying Disney & WWII era history
Youth Detention Center reading program volunteer
Get In Touch!
Feel free to reach out to me. You can email or call me.
Email:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Phone:
(951) 555-5555


When using one of the blocks of sublibrary Noise, on the same or a higher hierarchical level, Noise.GlobalSeed must be dragged resulting in a declaration
inner Modelica.Blocks.Noise.GlobalSeed globalSeed;
The GlobalSeed block provides global options for all Noise blocks of the same or a lower hierarchical level. The following options can be selected:
Icon Description useAutomaticSeed=false (= default):
A fixed global seed is defined with Integer parameter fixedSeed. The value of fixedSeed is displayed in the icon. By default all Noise blocks use fixedSeed for initialization of their pseudo random number generators, in combination with a local seed defined for every instance separately. Therefore, whenever a simulation is performed with the same fixedSeed exactly the same noise is generated in all instances of the Noise blocks (provided the settings of these blocks are not changed as well).
This option can be used (a) to design a control system (e.g. by parameter optimization) and keep the same noise for all simulations, or (b) perform Monte Carlo Simulations where fixedSeed is changed from the environment for every simulation, in order to produce different noise at every simulation run.useAutomaticSeed=true:
An automatic global seed is computed by using the ID of the process in which the simulation takes place and the current local time. As a result, the global seed is changed automatically for every new simulation, including parallelized simulation runs. This option can be used to perform Monte Carlo Simulations with minimal effort (just performing many simulation runs) where every simulation run uses a different noise.enableNoise=false:
The noise in all Noise instances is switched off and the blocks output a constant signal all the time (usually zero). This option is useful, if a model shall be tested without noise and the noise shall be quickly turned off or on.
Additionally, the globalSeed instance calls function initializeImpureRandom to initialize the impure random number generators (impureRandom and impureRandomInteger). The return value of this function is stored in parameter id_impure. Whenever one of the impure random number generators need to be called, "globalSeed.id_impure" has to be given as input argument.
Note, the usage of this block is demonstrated with examples AutomaticSeed and ImpureGenerator.
Please note that only one globalSeed instance may be defined in the model due to the initialization of the impure random number generators with initializeImpureRandom! So, the block will usually reside on the top level of the model.
| Date | Description | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| June 22, 2015 |
|


--- layout: post title: JOpt Simple 4.0 released published: 1 ---
JOpt Simple is my Java library for parsing command line options. You can find the changes in this latest release here.
I'm pleased to have received community contributions since moving the project to GitHub. This release incorporates some of those contributions.
Happy parsing!


First position guess.
Second position guess.
Third position guess.
0:00
Correct answers given: 0
Wrong answers given: 0
Current streak: 0
Best streak: 0
Average time: 0
Worst time: 0
Best time: 0


Professional Profile
My first love has always been efficiency. Out of that grew my love of science, farming, art, and event planning. These seemingly unconnected fields may give my resume and awkward hue, but it is the puzzle-side of my brain that drives all 4. My second love has always been story telling. I love to listen, share, collaborate and dream of the stories we have accumulated and the stories we wish to tell. You just want to make stuff. And so do I. Able brewery and Seedhouse has a story to tell. And I think it is worth telling.
EXPERIENCE
Parkway Pizza
Marketing and Events Coordinator| May 2015 - Current | Minneapolis, MN
- Developed sharable content for customers on social media platforms.
- Created, marketed and executed neighborhood events to promote brand and engage with community.
- Coordinated with artists, local schools, local non-profits, etc. to put on events, fundraisers and meetings at the restaurant.
- Kept dine-in aestetic modern with fresh menus, promotional materials, relevant art, etc.
- Managed Google AdWords campaigns.
Birchwood Cafe
Server | March 2015 - Current | Minneapolis, MN
- Provided excellent guest service.
- Learned more about the local food movement and the local farms involved.
- Participated in community outreach and envolvement events to educate people about Good Real Food.
Urban Growing Lots
Work Share Member| April 2015 - Current | Minneapolis, MN
- Helped with all aspects of growing vegetabels. Dug beds, planted seeds, weeded, harvested, planted cover crop, put beds to sleep.
- Prepared share pick-up area. Washed and prepared vegeables for share members, set up tent, organize pick-up area
MMLocal Foods
Farmers Market Manager | July 2014 - December 2014 | Denver, Co
- Managed transportation, delivery and aesthetic display of direct to consumer product.
- Marketed local food products to diverse customer base through face to face interaction.
- Developed marketing strategies in response to sales data to reach sales goals.
Bitersweet Cafe
Cafe Supervisor | August 2014 - December 2014 | Louisville, CO
- Oversaw baristas and was held accountable for the completion of all shift duties by staff.
- Delegated responsibilities to employees and prioritized projects.
Jacob Springs Farm
Farm Intern | May 2013 - August 2013 and June 2014 - August 2014 | Boulder, CO
- Completed daily farm chores: focused predominantly on animal care and field work.
- Aided in organization of meat CSA member pick-up/distribution.
- Gained full understanding of all the necessary inputs and outputs of a small, family owned farm
Shepherd Valley Waldorf School
Farm Manager | June 2014 - August 2014 | Niwott, CO
- Developed and implemented entire field plan from seed planting to harvest
- Responsible for care (feeding, watering, rotating, etc) of 30 red waddle hogs and 100 hens.
- Educated kids about the plants and animals being raised on their school grounds and supervised student participation in farm chores and activities.


"WebContent/CleanZone"
I am a web developer and desginer based in Medellín - Colombia, I like read books, good music and nature.
| Photoshop | |
| JavaScript | |
| HTML | |
| CSS |
| CONTACT |
|
||||||||
| ABOUT ME | I am a web developer and desginer based in Medellín - Colombia, I like read books, good music and nature. |
||||||||
| SOCIAL |
John has called Shenlong with You.
A minute agoMichael has wrote on your wall:
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.
Some historic guy
María This is a message for you in your birthday.


Using protocol buffers in socket(Python)
I’m tring to write an application with protocol buffers to send data on socket connecet.I encountered some problems , this is my summary:
###Pre preparation
#####1.download Google protocol buffers.
look at this https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/
#####2.Buliding Google protocol buffers(Python).
if you see ‘…no module name google.protobuf..’ do this in Terminal:
(sudo)pip install protobuf
#####3.To understanding struct
###Main body
####Client
struct.pack('LL',type,len(protobuf_data))
‘LL’ means two long types,more types looks here
###Server
first in server i def a funcation name socket_read_n
then .
enjoy it!
Reference:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2038083/how-to-use-python-and-googles-protocol-buffers-to-deserialize-data-sent-over-tc


-
Telluride Venture Accelerator | Apply
www.tellurideva.com
Click here to apply or Click here for more information
-
No Vision All Drive - Feld Thoughts
www.feld.com
I love origin stories. Yesterday at the kickoff of Techstars FounderCon, I stood on stage with David Cohen and David Brown as we went through the ...
-
This Man Is on a Mission to Turn NYC Into a Tech Magnet | WIRED
www.wired.com
Inside the plan to lure more top engineers to the Big Apple.
-
Mobile News App Circa Adds A Personalized Daily Digest Of The Day’s Top ...
techcrunch.com
Today, Circa is making it easier for news buffs to get the most important news of the day, while also being able to drill down into the topics and ...
-
Ralph Lauren taps OMsignal for sleek, connected shirts at the U.S. Open
gigaom.com
Technology and fashion don’t often come together in elegant ways, but a collaboration between Ralph Lauren and smart clothing maker OMsignal aims to ...
-
Welcome to Final.
www.getfinal.com
Never worry about fraud, breaches, or cancelled credit cards again.
-
Circa's Mobile News App | One Lap
www.youtube.com
Given that Circa entered a crowded market of mobile news aggregation applications, there were plenty of skeptics. Matt and his team have defied the ...
-
Ricketts Family Knows Cubs Fans Haven't Got All Century
www.nytimes.com
The Ricketts family, which bought the Cubs in 2009 and promised a winner, has faced all sorts of bedevilments on the field and off. And then there ...
-
How self-reflection potentially saved a business - with Jerry Colonna and ...
www.reboot.io
Derek Flanzraich, CEO of one of the fastest growing health and wellness sites, Greatist, joins Jerry for this episode to share the story of his ...
-
A Startup's Journey to Market/Product Fit
jumpcloud.com
now that we were authenticating, authorizing, and managing all kinds of devices and applications. They said: call it Directory as a Service.
-
Everyone who scored in the New England Patriots versus Oakland Raiders ...
www.inside.com
There were 25 points in all, which started when Sebastian Janikowski scored a field goal. Rob Gronkowski and Stephen Gostkowski also scored in the ...
-
Village Capital: Energy Venture Forum 2014
www.eventbrite.com
Village Capital has teamed up with Chilton Capital, the Hitachi Foundation, the Rockefeller Foundation, the Tecovas Foundation and the New Belgium ...
-
An Open Letter to JPMorgan Chase - PivotDesk | Blog
blog.pivotdesk.com
Dear JPMorgan Chase, We heard you have some extra office space that you don’t have the employees to fill. PivotDesk is here to help.
-
Strangers More Likely To Help Than Friends When Starting a Business?
www.treplifedad.com
Since I got the idea to start WeMontage three years ago, I've had to rely on the support of both friends and strangers. So I started wondering, which ...
-
Product design startup GrabCAD acquired by Stratasys for $100 million - ...
betaboston.com
Computer-aided design (CAD) startup GrabCAD of Cambridge has been acquired by Stratasys (SSYS), a Minnesota-based 3D printer and 3D production ...
-
7 Multi-Platform Social Media Analytics Tools
www.razorsocial.com
Here are 7 Social media analytics tools for multiple platforms to help you analyze your social media presence.
-
GTD Fundamentals Seminar with David Allen - Boulder, CO | Getting Things ...
gettingthingsdone.com
This is GTD’s brand new Level 1 Fundamentals course taught by David Allen himself. A simple and dynamic one-day event designed for anyone seeking to ...
-
TEDxBoulder
www.tedxboulder.com
Sponsorships help us keep the ticket prices low and are a great way to enrich the community we love. Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>and he will follow ...
-
Techstars launches "equity-back" guarantee - BizWest
bizwest.com
BOULDER – Don’t feel like Techstars moved your startup forward? Now the Boulder-based accelerator program is offering an equity-back guarantee....
-
Techstars Equity Back Guarantee - Feld Thoughts
feld.com
Today Techstars announced an “equity back guarantee” for any company that goes through the Techstars program starting in 2015. We’ve been talking ...
-
A necessary education on Boulder's startup community
www.dailycamera.com
Recently, at a Boulder City Council meeting regarding local challenges with affordable housing, Councilman Macon Cowles said Boulder's startup ...
-
Uber
www.uber.com
Get a taxi, private car or rideshare from your mobile phone. Uber connects you with a driver in minutes. Use our app in cities around the world.
-
CBS This Morning: Site helps churches embrace digital world to build ...
www.bing.com
Today's religious leaders are increasingly present online, with the Dalai Lama tweeting and Pope Francis posting to Facebook. Elaine Quijano reports ...
-
In effort to bridge divide between sales and marketing departments, ...
www.geekwire.com
The Bizible team is jumping for joy after raising $8 million. Aaron Bird Seattle marketing analytics startup Bizible — a 2012 TechStars Seattle grad ...


A ragtag group of adventurers named Briar, McSmashy, Anwen Jord, Din Morat, and Wei woke up. They found themselves bereft of their belongings and locked in an underground cell with no memory of how they got there. They took this in stride, introduced themselves, and immediately set about trying to escape the cell. A quick knock at the door caused an unknown voice to tell them "Hey! Stop That!  in an oddly gloopy and not entirely human voice. Since they were already in the cell, they decided not to pay the voice much heed, so McSmashy set about trying to take the solitary bench off of the wall so she could use it to bash the door down. While she was working on that, Din Morat surreptitiously took out some hidden lockpicks and unlocked the door. The newly formed party almost contemplated carefully what their plan was before McSmashy smashed the door open and barged out into the unknown world beyond.
The area outside of their cell turned out to contain an inviting ladder, a couple of doors, and a pair of fungus golems that repeatedly yelled at them to Stop That and Go Back to Your Cell, but the party paid them no heed. Instead, they tried to simultaneously pursue an eclectic mix of strategies, including but not limited to: smashing the golems to tiny pieces, climbing up the ladder to try to escape, throwing torches at the golems to burn them up, stealthily avoiding the golems, and bravely trying to rescue endangered members of the party who were caught by golems. Eventually, they determined that the trapdoor at the top of the ladder was unwilling to allow them passage, and they all worked together to successfully convert the golems to went-lems.
In the aftermath of the carnage, Din Morat stealthily crept into one of the nearby rooms after carefully scoping it out through the keyhole, trying to make sure that there were no enemies to threaten the party. After a short delay, Anwen Jord burst boldly into the same room and completely interrupted that plan. Fortunately, the room was a kitchen, so the caution was unnecessary - this time. The kitchen was both empty of enemies and full of common kitchen items such as a nice kitchen knife, a well made stew pot, and chest containing all of the party's stolen items. The chest also contained some extra items, and a note indicating that the items belonged to another group of unfortunate souls. The party reconvened, observed through a keyhole that the other door led to a room with more ominously putrescent fungus golems, and began plotting their next move.
Join us this week to keep exploring this strange basement and to try to escape!


Help us in welcoming our newest sister, Alejandra Bonilla, into Greek Life!
When: TBD
Where: TBD
Get ready to join sisters from all across the nation for a remarkable learning experience that will foster creating your legacy!
When: June 10th - 12th
Where: Austin, TX
A student involvement fair where student organizations, living unit groups, and major governing groups meet new and returning students to inform them about their organization’s purpose and events.
When: August 30, 2016 from 5:00-8:00 p.m
Where: Cherry Lane Field


| Interface | Description |
|---|---|
| NMapCalloutCustomOverlay.ResourceProvider |
Resource provider should implement this interface
|
| NMapCalloutOverlay.OnClickListener |
Interface for listeners interested in when a callout is clicked.
|
| NMapMyLocationOverlay.ResourceProvider |
Resource provider should implement this interface
|
| NMapOverlappedPOIdataHandler.ResourceProvider |
Resource provider should implement this interface
|
| NMapOverlayManager.CalloutOverlayViewInterface |
Callout overlay view should implement this interface.
|
| NMapOverlayManager.OnCalloutOverlayListener |
Interface for listeners to create custom callout overlay.
|
| NMapOverlayManager.OnCalloutOverlayViewListener |
Interface for listeners to create custom callout overlay.
|
| NMapOverlayManager.OnOverlappedItemsListener |
Interface for listeners to handle overlapped items
|
| NMapPathDataOverlay.OnLoadDataDelegate |
경로 데이터가 화면에 표시되는 시점에 로딩하기 위해 사용.
|
| NMapPOIdataOverlay.OnDragItemChangeListener |
Interface for listeners interested in when the state change of dragged item.
|
| NMapPOIdataOverlay.OnFloatingItemChangeListener |
Interface for listeners interested in when the state change of floating item.
|
| NMapPOIdataOverlay.OnFloatingItemDispatchListener |
Interface for listeners interested in when the state change of floating dispatch item.
|
| NMapPOIdataOverlay.OnInfoLayersListener |
Interface for listeners interested in when the state change of info layers.
|
| NMapPOIdataOverlay.OnStateChangeListener |
Interface for listeners interested in when the state change of overlay data such as focused Item changes and a callout is clicked.
|
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| NMapCalloutCustomOverlay |
Customized callout overlay.
|
| NMapCalloutOverlay |
Abstract callout overlay
|
| NMapCircleDataRenderer |
Circle data renderer on map view.
|
| NMapMyLocationOverlay |
An Overlay for drawing the user's current location (and accuracy) on the map.
|
| NMapOverlappedPOIdata |
Wrapper class representing overlapped POI data.
|
| NMapOverlappedPOIdataHandler |
Handles overlapped POI data.
|
| NMapOverlappedPOIdataProvider |
Provides overlapped POI data.
|
| NMapOverlappedPOIitem |
Class representing overlapped POI item.
|
| NMapOverlayManager |
Manages overlay layers on map view.
|
| NMapPathDataOverlay |
Wrapper class for a path data overlay on map view.
|
| NMapPathDataRenderer |
Path data renderer on map view.
|
| NMapPOIdataOverlay |
Wrapper class for a POI data overlay on map view.
|
| NMapRadiusSettingOverlay |
Class for radius setting overlay on map view.
|
| NMapResourceProvider |
Base class to provider resources on map view.
|


NAME
wake-from-attention-lapse - primarily intended to be called from the RHS of a production rule
SYNOPSIS
wake-from-attention-lapse
DESCRIPTION
This command is primarily intended to be called from the RHS of a
production rule. This sets the "attention-lapsing" variable to FALSE (0),
and starts tracking the amount of real time that has passed since
the last lapse.
WARNINGS
The compile time options REAL_TIME_BEHAVIOR and ATTENTION_LAPSE
must be enabled for this functionality.
SEE ALSO
attention-lapse start-attention-lapse variables


{{movie.description}}
| Directed by | {% for p in movie.directors %}{{ p.pname }} | {% endfor %}
|---|---|
| Produced by | {% for p in movie.producers %}{{ p.pname }} | {% endfor %}
| Written by | {% for p in movie.writers %}{{ p.pname }} | {% endfor %}
| Starring | {% for p in movie.actors %}{{ p.pname }} | {% endfor %}
| Music by | {% for p in movie.composers %}{{ p.pname }} | {% endfor %}
| Genre(s) | {% for g in movie.genres %}{{ g.gname }} | {% endfor %}
| Language(s) | {% for l in movie.languages %}{{ l }} | {% endfor %}
| Country | {% for c in movie.country %}{{ c }} | {% endfor %}
| Runtime | {{movie.runtime}} minutes |
| Budget | {{movie.budget}} |
| Box Office | {{movie.box_office}} |


§291C-143 Riding on bicycles. (a) A person propelling a bicycle shall not ride other than upon or astride a permanent and regular seat attached thereon.
(b) No bicycle shall be used to carry more persons at one time than the number for which it is designed and equipped. [L 1971, c 150, pt of §1; am L 1976, c 148, §3; am L 1978, c 175, §12]


KeyprApi
KeyprApi is wrapper for Keypr endpoints.
- Features
- Usage
- Intro Federated - Understanding JWT, Getting Started,Checking In/Out of Reservation
Requirements
- iOS 9.0+
Installation
Cocoapods
KeyprApi is available through CocoaPods. To install it, simply add the following line to your Podfile:
pod "KeyprApi"
Carthage
To install it, simple add the following line to your Cartfile
github "MataDesigns/KeyprApi-iOS"
Features
- Support Authentication Flows
- ✅ Federated Id
- ✅ Automatic handling of expired JWT and access token.
- 🚫 OAuth
- ✅ Get Reservations for user
- ✅ Check-in/out of a reservation
- ✅ Lookup Reservation by Id
- 🚫 Lookup Reservation by confirmation code and last name
Usage
Important !!! currently only class are supported (if you use structs this will not work)
Intro (Federated)
Understanding JWT
JWT or JSON Web Token is a compact and self-contained way for securely transmitting information between parties as a JSON object. This information can be verified and trusted because it is digitally signed.
In the case of Keypr’s federated flow it is used if you want to use a 3rd party system as an identity provider.
Keypr requires JWT to use the RS256 algorithm for signing.
JWT payload must contain at least the following:
- iss - this field identifies what system JWT is generated by. Public key is associated with this URI.
- exp - a token expiration time in NumericDate format. This is a JSON numeric value representing the number of seconds from 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z UTC until the specified UTC date/time, ignoring leap seconds.
- given_name - user’s first name
- family_name - user’s last name
- email - user’s email address
Learn more about JWTs here
Getting Started
JWT should be generated server side, because of this a required constructor parameter is a JWTGenerator. The generator will be called when jwt is empty or when it is expired so this should always result in a valid JWT.
Keypr currently has two environments staging and production.
import KeyprApi
func getJWTFromServer(gotJWT: (String)-> Void)) {
contactYourServerForJWT() { response in
gotJWT(response.jwt)
}
}
...
let api = KeyprApi(jwtGenerator: self.getJWTFromServer, environment: .staging)
Checking In/Out of Reservation
All in One Solution
This solution performs a keypr async task for you, with a timeout.
i.e. Calls /async_(check_in or check_out) then calls task/(taskId from /async call) until a success, failure, or timeout happens.
let api = KeyprApi(jwtGenerator: self.getJWTFromServer, environment: .staging)
let reservationId = // use api to get reservation
api.perform(task: .checkIn, reservationId: reservationId, timeout: 10) { (successful, task, error) in
print(successful)
}
Start async task process
Unless you know what you are doing use the All in One Solution
ABOVE ⬆
This will only start a check-in/check-out this will not inform you if the process has completed successful or not. You will have to check that will the check(taskId:) function.
let api = KeyprApi(jwtGenerator: self.getJWTFromServer, environment: .staging)
let reservationId = // use api to get reservation.
api.start(task: .checkIn, reservationId: reservationId) { (task, error) in
print("TaskId: \(task.id)")
}
Check async task
Unless you know what you are doing use the All in One Solution
ABOVE ⬆
This is used to check on an async task using taskId gotten from start(task:) function.
let taskId = // Some task id.
api.check(taskId: taskId) { (task, error) in
if task.attributes.successful {
print("Woohoo Checked In!!")
}
if task.attributes.failed {
print("Oops something went wrong...")
}
if task.attributes.status == "PENDING" {
// check again
}
}
More Documentation to come …
(Look at tests for now)
Author
Nicholas Mata<EMAIL_ADDRESS>License
KeyprApi is available under the MIT license. See the LICENSE file for more info.


Next: pi, Previous: sin, Up: Numbers Dictionary
asin
number ⇒ radians
acos
number ⇒ radians
atan
number1 &optional number2 ⇒ radians
number—a number.
number1—a number if number2 is not supplied, or a real if number2 is supplied.
number2—a real.
radians—a number (of radians).
asin, acos, and atan compute the arc sine, arc cosine, and arc tangent respectively.
The arc sine, arc cosine, and arc tangent (with only number1 supplied) functions can be defined mathematically for number or number1 specified as x as in Figure 12–13.
Function Definition Arc sine -i log (ix+ \sqrt1-x^2 ) Arc cosine (\pi/2) - arcsin x Arc tangent -i log ((1+ix) \sqrt1/(1+x^2) )
Figure 12–13: Mathematical definition of arc sine, arc cosine, and arc tangent
These formulae are mathematically correct, assuming completely accurate computation. They are not necessarily the simplest ones for real-valued computations.
If both number1 and number2 are supplied for atan, the result is the arc tangent of number1/number2. The value of atan is always between -\pi (exclusive) and~\pi (inclusive)
when minus zero is not supported. The range of the two-argument arc tangent when minus zero is supported includes -\pi.
For a
real
number1, the result is
a real
and lies between -\pi/2 and~\pi/2 (both exclusive). number1 can be a complex if number2 is not supplied. If both are supplied, number2 can be zero provided number1 is not zero.
[Reviewer Note by Barmar: Should add "However, if the implementation distinguishes positive and negative zero, both may be signed zeros, and limits are used to define the result."]
The following definition for arc sine determines the range and branch cuts:
The branch cut for the arc sine function is in two pieces: one along the negative real axis to the left of~-1 (inclusive), continuous with quadrant II, and one along the positive real axis to the right of~1 (inclusive), continuous with quadrant IV. The range is that strip of the complex plane containing numbers whose real part is between -\pi/2 and~\pi/2. A number with real part equal to -\pi/2 is in the range if and only if its imaginary part is non-negative; a number with real part equal to \pi/2 is in the range if and only if its imaginary part is non-positive.
The following definition for arc cosine determines the range and branch cuts:
or, which are equivalent,
The branch cut for the arc cosine function is in two pieces: one along the negative real axis to the left of~-1 (inclusive), continuous with quadrant II, and one along the positive real axis to the right of~1 (inclusive), continuous with quadrant IV. This is the same branch cut as for arc sine. The range is that strip of the complex plane containing numbers whose real part is between 0 and~\pi. A number with real part equal to 0 is in the range if and only if its imaginary part is non-negative; a number with real part equal to \pi is in the range if and only if its imaginary part is non-positive.
The following definition for (one-argument) arc tangent determines the range and branch cuts:
Beware of simplifying this formula; "obvious" simplifications are likely to alter the branch cuts or the values on the branch cuts incorrectly. The branch cut for the arc tangent function is in two pieces: one along the positive imaginary axis above i (exclusive), continuous with quadrant II, and one along the negative imaginary axis below -i (exclusive), continuous with quadrant IV. The points i and~-i are excluded from the domain. The range is that strip of the complex plane containing numbers whose real part is between -\pi/2 and~\pi/2. A number with real part equal to -\pi/2 is in the range if and only if its imaginary part is strictly positive; a number with real part equal to \pi/2 is in the range if and only if its imaginary part is strictly negative. Thus the range of arc tangent is identical to that of arc sine with the points -\pi/2 and~\pi/2 excluded.
For atan, the signs of number1 (indicated as x) and number2 (indicated as y) are used to derive quadrant information. Figure 12–14 details various special cases.
The asterisk (*) indicates that the entry in the figure applies to implementations that support minus zero.
to 1pcy Condition x Condition Cartesian locus Range of result to 1pc y = 0 x > 0 Positive x-axis 0 to 1pc* y = +0 x > 0 Positive x-axis +0 to 1pc* y = -0 x > 0 Positive x-axis -0 to 1pc y > 0 x > 0 Quadrant I 0 < result < \pi/2 to 1pc y > 0 x = 0 Positive y-axis \pi/2 to 1pc y > 0 x < 0 Quadrant II \pi/2 < result < \pi to 1pc y = 0 x < 0 Negative x-axis \pi to 1pc* y = +0 x < 0 Negative x-axis +\pi to 1pc* y = -0 x < 0 Negative x-axis -\pi to 1pc y < 0 x < 0 Quadrant III -\pi < result < -\pi/2 to 1pc y < 0 x = 0 Negative y-axis -\pi/2 to 1pc y < 0 x > 0 Quadrant IV -\pi/2 < result < 0 to 1pc y = 0 x = 0 Origin undefined consequences to 1pc* y = +0 x = +0 Origin +0 to 1pc* y = -0 x = +0 Origin -0 to 1pc* y = +0 x = -0 Origin +\pi to 1pc* y = -0 x = -0 Origin -\pi
Figure 12–14: Quadrant information for arc tangent
(asin 0) ⇒ 0.0 (acos #c(0 1)) ⇒ #C(1.5707963267948966 -0.8813735870195432) (/ (atan 1 (sqrt 3)) 6) ⇒ 0.087266 (atan #c(0 2)) ⇒ #C(-1.5707964 0.54930615)
acos and asin should signal an error of type type-error if number is not a number. atan should signal type-error if one argument is supplied and that argument is not a number, or if two arguments are supplied and both of those arguments are not reals.
acos, asin, and atan might signal arithmetic-error.
log, ‘sqrt; isqrt’ , Rule of Float Substitutability
The result of either asin or acos can be a complex even if number is not a complex; this occurs when the absolute value of number is greater than one.
Next: pi, Previous: sin, Up: Numbers Dictionary


Class BehavioralFunction
A behavioral function that also can contain derivatives to variables.
Inheritance
System.Object
BehavioralFunction
Inherited Members
System.Object.ToString()
System.Object.Equals(System.Object)
System.Object.Equals(System.Object, System.Object)
System.Object.ReferenceEquals(System.Object, System.Object)
System.Object.GetHashCode()
System.Object.GetType()
System.Object.MemberwiseClone()
Namespace: SpiceSharpBehavioral.Components.BehavioralBehaviors
Assembly: SpiceSharpBehavioral.dll
Syntax
public class BehavioralFunction
Constructors
BehavioralFunction(Dictionary<Int32, Int32>, Derivatives<Func<Double>>)
Initializes a new instance of the BehavioralFunction class.
Declaration
public BehavioralFunction(Dictionary<int, int> map, Derivatives<Func<double>> derivatives)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<System.Int32, System.Int32> | map | Maps each derivative to an unknown |
| Derivatives<System.Func<System.Double>> | derivatives | The derivatives. |
Properties
DerivativeCount
Gets the number of derivatives.
Declaration
public int DerivativeCount { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Int32 |
Derivatives
Enumerates all derivatives of the behavioral function. The key is the index of the variable to which is derived.
Declaration
public IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<int, Func<double>>> Derivatives { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<System.Collections.Generic.KeyValuePair<System.Int32, System.Func<System.Double>>> |
Value
Gets the expression that returns the value of the function
Declaration
public Func<double> Value { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Func<System.Double> |


Maidenhead 10 mile
Maidenhead ENG
Website: www.maidenheadac.co.uk/home
Race Winners
(63 runnings)
1:00:29 1:00:55 57:21 58:33 59:41 06 Apr
2007
49:41
1:01:07
14 Apr
2006
48:34
59:34
25 Mar
2005
50:48
1:00:33
09 Apr
2004
52:01
57:57
18 Apr
2003
55:57
1:03:01
29 Mar
2002
52:54
58:30
13 Apr
2001
---
---
21 Apr
2000
51:46
59:44
02 Apr
1999
51:38
59:24
10 Apr
1998
51:13
59:08
28 Mar
1997
49:54
58:30
05 Apr
1996
50:52
57:14
14 Apr
1995
51:14
1:03:01
01 Apr
1994
48:31
59:17
09 Apr
1993
49:03
55:28
17 Apr
1992
50:27
57:05
29 Mar
1991
50:00
59:36
13 Apr
1990
50:52
59:41
24 Mar
1989
51:27
59:48
01 Apr
1988
---
---
1987
---
---
28 Mar
1986
51:07 58:52 05 Apr
1985
---
---
20 Apr
1984
50:38
1:01:11
01 Apr
1983
50:16
58:22
09 Apr
1982
50:24
1:03:09
17 Apr
1981
51:01
1:01:17
04 Apr
1980
48:20
58:29
13 Apr
1979
50:21
59:21
24 Mar
1978
50:24
1:00:25
08 Apr
1977
50:32 ---
16 Apr
1976
n/a *
31 Mar
1975
49:51
15 Apr 1974
50:37 23 Apr
1973
51:39
03 Apr 1972
48:17 12 Apr 1971
48:27 30 Mar
1970
48:39
07 Apr 1969
51:45 15 Apr 1968
51:39 27 Mar 1967
50:46 11 Apr 1966
50:11 19 Apr 1965
51:37 30 Mar 1964
50:51 15 Apr
1963
51:57 1962
52:11 03 Apr
1961
51:34
18 Apr
1960
51:33
30 Mar
1959
51:18
07 Apr 1958
50:47 1957
51:29 02 Apr 1956
53:05 1955
54:19 1954
54:57 1953
54:19
Notes: 1953 is believed to have been the inaugural year. In 1976, Robert Holt was in the lead and misdirected at
the 8 mile mark; Colin Moxsom was first across the finish line in 50:32 but the win was awarded to Holt. The 2001
race was cancelled due to an outbreak of foot and mouth disease.
25 Mar
2016
50:26
Philip Wicks-6
59:13
Emily Wicks-2
03 Apr
2015
51:10
Andy Greenleaf (ENG)
57:12
Amy Clements (ENG)
18 Apr
2014
49:01
Philip Wicks-5
1:02:58
Diane Moore (ENG)
29 Mar
2013
50:22
Anuradha Cooray Indrajith-3
56:37
Emily Wicks (ENG)
06 Apr
2012
49:50
Anuradha Cooray
Indrajith-2
Tish Jones (ENG)
22 Apr
2011
53:28
Nicholas Torry (GBR)
Susie Bush (ENG)
02 Apr
2010
51:17
John Hutchins
Sara Gee-3
10 Apr
2009
51:22
Anuradha Cooray Indrajith (SRI)
Sara Gee-2
21 Mar
2008
51:53
Elliot Robinson
Sara Gee (ENG)
Philip Wicks-4
Claire Pusey
(ENG)
Philip Wicks-3
Jude Craft-3
Philip Wicks-2
Liz Hartney-2
Philip Wicks (ENG)
Jo Kelsey (ENG)
Chris Bradfield (ENG)
Liz Hartney (ENG)
Sullivan Smith (WAL)
Jude Craft-2
cancelled
cancelled
Antony Brewer (ENG)
Samantha Baines (ENG)
Andrew Hawkins (ENG)
Jude Craft (ENG)
Terry Booth (ENG)
Clare Pauzers (ENG)
Michael Simpson (ENG)
Jane Harrop-3
Gary McIlroy (ENG)
Susan Dilnot-3
Julian Critchlow-2
Sally White (ENG)
Paul Evans (ENG)
Jane Harrop-2
Simon Mugglestone (ENG)
Susan Dilnot-2
Julian Critchlow (ENG)
Susan Dilnot (ENG)
Martin Gormley (ENG)
Jane Harrop (ENG)
Kevin McDonald (ENG)
Tracey McDonald (ENG)
P Daly (ENG)
Tanya Maria Ball (ENG)
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Stephen Brace (WAL)
Jacqueline Hulbert (WAL)
n/a
n/a
Martin McCarthy-2
Kate Fitzgibbon (ENG)
Martin McCarthy (ENG)
Annette Roberts (ENG)
Peter Standing (ENG)
Leslie Watson-2
John David Caine (ENG)
Leslie Watson (SCO)
Bernard Ford (ENG)
Gillian Adams-Horovitz-3
Roger Brown (ENG)
Gillian Adams-Horovitz-2
John Jones (WAL)
Gillian Adams-Horovitz (ENG)
Joe Patton (ENG)
n/a
Robert Holt (ENG)
Timothy Johnston
John Jones-2
Michael Hurd (ENG)
John Valentine (ENG)
John Jones (WAL)
Allan Rushmer-3
Allan Rushmer-2
Gerald North-3
Denis Morrison (RSA)
Allan Rushmer (ENG)
Gerald North-2
Melvyn Batty (ENG)
Gerald North (ENG)
Benny O'Sullivan (GBR)
Stanley Eldon-3
Stanley Eldon-2
Stanley Eldon (ENG)
Tony Redrup-2
Tony Redrup (ENG)
Jack Heywood (ENG)
D R Booker (ENG)
Charlie Walker (ENG)
Stan Cox (ENG)
Most Wins
(1953/date)
Men
6
Philip Wicks (ENG)
2004-07,2014,2016
Women
3
Gillian Adams-Horovitz (ENG)
1978-80
.
Susan Dilnot (ENG)
1992-93,1996
.
Jane Harrop (ENG)
1991,1994,1997
.
Jude Craft (ENG)
1999,2002,2006
Sara Gee (ENG)
2008-10
Prize Money
(ADR qualified runners)
No information on prize money has been received for this race
Race Time Bias
(sec/km)
Insufficient data to calculate the race time bias.
Competitive Level
(1990-date)
Insufficient data to calculate the competitive level.
Quality Performances
Men <48:20 1 <48:40 6 <49:00 6 <49:20 12 <49:40 13 Women <55:30 1 <56:00 1 <56:30 1 <57:00 2 <57:30 7 <58:00 8
Last Updated on 15 Dec 2016
Contributors: Mick McGeoch (50), Klaas Loonstra (10), Juraj Gasparovic (34), Andy Milroy (28)


Most NHS treatment is free, but there are a number of things you may have to pay for.
This information tells you what help is available, if you could get it and how to apply for it.
Help paying for your NHS costs
Prescriptions
Find out if you can get free prescriptions or save money on them
Dental check-ups and treatment
Find out if you can get help to pay for dental check ups and treatment costs
Sight tests, glasses and contact lenses
Find out if you can get help to pay for sight tests and new or replacement glasses and contact lenses
Travel costs for NHS treatment or tests
Find out if you can get help to pay for travel costs to and from hospital or a specialist for further NHS treatment
Wigs and fabric supports
Find out if you can get help to pay for wigs and fabric supports, for example, abdominal and spinal supports, and support tights.


New Post
Title
Body
ImageUpload
Notice Type
For Students
For Teachers
Urgent
Normal
Assignment
Time Table
Clear
POST


Version History¶
Changelog and version changes made with each release.
Version 2.3.0¶
Added several additional search filters to the
animals()
function. -declawed
: Filters results by animals that are marked as declawed. -house_trained
: Filters results by animals that are house trained. -special_needs
: Filters results by animals that have special needsSearch filters that can take multiple values in the
animals()
function, includingage
,gender
,status
,animal_type
,size
, andcoat
, should now correctly accept both comma-delimited strings, such asage='baby,'young'
and lists or tuples.The required version for
pandas
has been updated to at least version1.0.0
Version 2.2.1¶
Very small maintenance patch to update several setup.py
settings. There is no need to update to this version.
Version 2.2.0¶
Support for Python 3.5 has been discontinued.
The
animals()
method has been updated to include new parameters provided by Petfinder’sanimal
endpoint. This parameters include: -good_with_cats
: Boolean for filtering animals that are designated as good with cats. -good_with_children
: Boolean for filtering animals that are designated as good with children. -good_with_dogs
: Boolean for filtering animals that are designated as good with dogs. -before_date
: Returns results published before the specified time. -after_date
: Returns results published after the specified time.
Version 2.1.3¶
organization_id
parameter in theanimals
method should now only return animals from specified organization IDs.
Version 2.1.2¶
New release includes a bug fix and some additional changes for checking total usage against the Petfinder API.
animal_type
parameter used in theanimals()
endpoint has been corrected and should be working properly.New methods for checking the usage of the supplied API key against the limits defined by the Petfinder API have been implemented to better help warn users when they are approaching their API request limit.
If the
max_pages
parameter exceeds 10,000, a warning will be issued to give the user the opportunity to continue or limit their results to 10,000 pages.When the API limits are exceeded, a
RuntimeError
will be issued.
Thank you to contributor ma755 for submitting the pull request.
Version 2.1.1¶
Small update release to fix the distance
parameter logic when searching for pets using the animals()
or
organizations()
methods. Thank you to contributor ljlevins for submitting the
pull request.
Version 2.1.0¶
The 2.1.0
release of petpy
implements several user-defined exceptions to help users debug any
errors that may occur. Although the petpy
library attempts to find any invalid passed parameter values and
raise the appropriate error before the call to the Petfinder API is made to reduce the number of calls made to the
API; however, some errors cannot be caught until after the API call is made. This update introduces these custom,
user-defined exceptions for debugging error responses from the Petfinder API. For more information on the Petfinder
API error definitions, please see the Petfinder API documentation.
The following is a list of the new user-defined exceptions.
PetfinderInvalidCredentials
- Raised when a user enters invalid API key and secret key credentials.PetfinderInsufficientAccess
Raised when a status code 403 occurs. This error would typically be raised when the current authentication token to the Petfinder API has expired and requires the connnection to be re-authenticated.
PetfinderResourceNotFound
Raised when a status code 404 occurs.
PetfinderUnexpectedError
Raised when a status code 500 occurs.
PetfinderInvalidParameters
Raised when a 400 status code occurs. The exception will include the invalid parameters detected by the Petfinder API and include those parameters as part of the error output as a JSON object. For more information on this error, please see the Petfinder API error documentation.
Please note the petpy library will attempt to catch any invalid parameters before the API call is made to avoid extraneous issuage of the API, but if an invalid parameter does get through then this error should help provide the necessary information for users to debug any errors related to their chosen parameters.
The following other changes have been made in the 2.1.0
release.
The
host
andauth
attributes of thePetfinder
class are now private (to the extent that Python allows private attributes, denoted with an underscore in front of the attribute).
Version 2.0.2¶
- Minor bug fix release with following:
breeds()
method now correctly returns data when a single animal type is supplied.animals()
method now properly displays the correct error message when thedistance
parameter is 0 <= distance <= 500.
Version 2.0.1¶
Fixes the
animals()
andorganizations()
method to return all matching search results when thepages
parameter is set toNone
.The resulting JSON (dictionary) from the
breeds()
method when the parameterreturn_df=False
will now consistently havetypes
as the key. Prior to this change, if thebreeds()
method was called with a single animal type, the resulting key name in the returned object would be namedtype
, whereas if more than one animal type is specified the key name would betypes
.The
distance
parameter for theanimals()
andorganizations()
parameters will now raise aValueError
if it is less than 0.
Version 2.0.0¶
New major release coinciding with the release of v2.0 of the Petfinder API!
The legacy version of the Petfinder API, v1.0, will be retired in January 2020, therefore, the petpy
library has
been updated almost from the ground up to be compatible as possible with the new version of the Petfinder API! The
new version of the Petfinder API is a huge improvement over the legacy version, with many changes and additions to
the design of the API itself. As such, several methods from earlier releases of petpy
that wrapped these
endpoints will be deprecated over the next few releases.
Below is a summary of all the changes made in the release of petpy 2.0
.
petpy
now supports the latest release of Python 3.7Support for Python 2.7 is discontinued as Python 2.7 will be officially discontinued in January 2020.
- The following methods have been added to
petpy
to make it compatible with v2.0 of the Petfinder API. animal_types()
is used to getting animal types (or type) available from the Petfinder API. The release of v2.0 of the Petfinder API added several endpoints for accessing animal types in the Petfinder database. This method wraps both Petfinder API endpoints for getting animal types. More information on the animal type endpoints in the Petfinder API can be found in its documentation: - Get Animal Types - Get Single Animal Typebreeds()
is the new method for getting available animal breeds from the Petfinder database. The API endpoint documentation is available on the Petfinder API documentation page. - Get Animal Breedsanimals()
is the method for extracting animal data available on the Petfinder API and deprecates thepets()
related methods. The method wraps both theanimals
andanimal/{id}
endpoints of the Petfinder API. The documentation for these endpoints can be found in the Petfinder API documentation: - Get Animal - Get Animalsorganizations()
is now the method for extracting animal welfare organization data available on Petfinder and deprecates previousshelter()
related methods and endpoints. Theorganizations()
method wraps both the Petfinder APIorganizations
andorganizations/{id}
endpoints. The Petfinder API documentation for these two endpoints can be found below: - Get Organizations - Get Organization
- The following methods have been added to
The following methods have been removed as they are no longer valid endpoints with the release of v2.0 of the PetFinder API. -
pet_get_random()
-shelter_list_by_breed()
-shelter_get_pets()
General refactoring and code clean-up.
Version 1.8.2¶
Add
pandas
back as an installation requirement as it is included in top-level imports.pandas
is still not necessary to use the primary functionality ofpetpy
.
Version 1.8.1¶
Implement check to make sure
count
parameter is not larger than 1,000 records (per the Petfinder API limits). Ifcount
exceeds 1,000 aValueError
is raised.Add check for ensuring the number of total records to return does not exceed 2,000 when paging results with the
pages
andcount
parameters. If the desired amount of records is higher than 2,000, aValueError
is raised.Remove Python 3.3 support. Although
petpy
should work fine for those still using Python 3.3, testing for 3.3 has been discontinued.
Version 1.8.0¶
General refactoring of the
petpy
library to remove unneeded methods from being exposed when importing the library. The best way to import and begin usingpetpy
isfrom petpy import Petfinder
or, less optimally,import petpy
, then calling thePetfinder
class bypetpy.Petfinder
.
Version 1.7.2¶
There is now a proper message when the daily API call limit is exceeded. Before the change, methods would return a
JSONDecodeError
.The Python 2 to 3 compatibility package
six
, has been added as a requirement for package installation. Thesix
library is lightweight and ensures thepetpy
package works properly for Python 2 and 3.Numpy is no longer required for installing the package. Numpy’s
nan
was initially used to denoted shelters and animals that were not found in the Petfinder database. The value returned when a shelter or animal is not found is now ‘na’.
Version 1.7.1¶
Fix to the
shelter_get()
method for handling empty responses when no shelters returned for when the parameterreturn_df = True
.Fix to getting pets available at a shelter with
shelter_get_pets()
when the parameterreturn_df = True
when the given shelter does not return any available animals.
Version 1.7.0¶
Refactoring of the library to clean up code files.
Fixed a bug with the
shelter_get_pets()
method that caused an error to be thrown when there is only one pet record and the parameterreturn_df = True
.Many changes to simplify expressions and internal code within methods.
The Petfinder class method names and parameters have been renamed to be PEP8 compatible. I apologize as this will cause backward compatibility issues upon updating for anyone using previous versions. The original intention of the naming was to reflect the Petfinder API’s method names as closely as possible, but after further consideration and given the relatively short life of the library, I think the change is necessary for the future growth and maturity of the package.
How the methods interact with the Petfinder API is unchanged. Thus there is no immediate need to update your version of petpy if it will break any current code.
The Github repo README has been updated with the new API methods.
Below is a table detailing the changed method names:
Previous Method Name |
New Method Name |
|---|---|
pet_getRandom() |
pet_get_random() |
shelter_getPets() |
shelter_get_pets() |
shelter_listByBreed() |
shelter_list_by_breed() |
The following lists the method parameter names that have changed with the release:
Previous Parameter Name |
New Parameter Name |
|---|---|
petId |
pet_id |
shelterId |
shelter_id |
Version 1.6.0¶
This release removes pandas as an installation requirement for the package. Although pandas is required to convert the API results into a DataFrame, this is optional and not necessary to the building or use of the package itself.
Version 1.5.995¶
Calls that return JSON results when using the
pet_find()
method whenreturn_df=True
are now adequately handled and an empty pandas DataFrame is returned. This result can happen when searching for a particular breed of animal that is currently not available in the Petfinder database.
Version 1.5.92¶
The paged results should now cap at Petfinder’s 2,000 search limit consistently.
The methods
shelter_get()
andshelters_get()
now handle shelters that have opted-out of having their information available in the Petfinder API.
Version 1.5.91¶
Paged results will now reach Petfinder’s 2,000 records per search limit. Before, if the next paged result would equal or exceed 2,000 results the call would end, and the results would be returned. For example, if the parameters
pages
is 10 andcount
is 200, 2,000 records will now be returned, whereas previously 1,800 would be returned.
Version 1.5.9¶
Paging results that exceed Petfinder’s limit of 2,000 records returned per search with
return_df = True
will now correctly exit the loop and return the results as a DataFrame.
Version 1.5.7¶
The fix to returning a DataFrame when paging results is now implemented in this release. Apologies for the oversight, the code change was not made before releasing the previous version.
The contact information returned with a DataFrame when
return_df = True
now has the prefix ‘contact.’ removed to make the results cleaner.
Version 1.5.6¶
Paging results now returns the stated number of pages in the
pages
parameter. Before,pages + 1
results were returned.Returning pandas DataFrames with methods
pet_find()
andshelter_find()
should no longer throwValueError
(duplicate column name was causing an error in concatenating the list of results into a DataFrame).
Version 1.5.5¶
shelter_getPets()
method now returns a complete flattened pandas DataFrame when the parameterreturn_df = True
.
Version 1.5.4¶
Slight fix to
pet_getRandom()
method. Before, if the method parameterreturn_df = True
, but the parameteroutput
was not one of ‘basic’ or ‘full’, thereturn_df
parameter was overridden and set asFalse
. Now, ifreturn_df = True
andoutput
None
, thenoutput
is set to ‘full’ to return the most complete DataFrame.Added
records
parameter topet_getRandom()
to allow multiple random results to be returned in the same method call. Please note each record returned counts as one call made to the Petfinder API.Added API convenience methods
pets_get()
andshelters_get()
for pulling multiple results given a list or tuple of IDs. These methods are essentially wrappers of the API methodspet_get()
andshelter_get()
.More code cleanup, formatting, and simplification.
Version 1.5.0¶
Add option to convert returned results into a pandas DataFrame.
Formatting and code cleanup.
Updated docstrings
Version 1.0.0¶
First major release.


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Components
- ContextManager
-
- maintains a list of adapters
- is the entry point for adapters and any component that can generate
a Request/Response and wants to use servlets.
- is the control point that handles callback calls and notifications.
- maintains a list of webapps that are configured in the system.
- Request,Response
- Internal representations, containing various attributes associated with
the request during processing.
- Interceptors
-
Request processing involves several stages - parsing, matching using url
patterns, authentication and authorization, calling the handler and various
callbacks before, after and during the handler.
An interceptor defines callbacks ( or hooks ) for one or several actions
and is able to alter that function.
In fact, most of the processing logic is implemented as interceptor
callbacks, in an event-based system.
- Context, Container
-
Container represents a group of URLs sharing common properties like handler,
security, normal properties. Context is a particular case that is associated
with a web application and keeps all the properties defined in the spec.
We are slowly moving toward use of Container, it can also represent group
of contexts, virtual hosts, etc.
It is not a good idea to introduce sub-classes for every type of group,
the isA property is not allways clearly cut.
- ServletWrapper
-
A normal servlet or JSP, plus all the surounding logic.
- Facades
- For every object exposed in the servlet specification tomcat use a
Facade. It have few important advantages:
- Security - the user should have no way to access the real implementation
objects, except one controled way ( HttpRequestFacade.getRealRequest() ).
When policy-based security will be added that will allow the user to declare a
"trusted" servlet, and no other servlet will be able to access internal objects.
- Future evolution of Servlet API - the API changed and will probably change,
by adding new methods and new semantics. Facades makes very simple to make sure
we respect the spec, without having to change the core too much.
That may allow supporting multiple servlet API versions ( but it's not a goal -
each context has it's own classloader and it may be possible to load a different
JDK and set of facades ).
- Decouple the API and the web server. Tomcat.core allows integration with
web servers, and it's modeled after APIs like Apache's, ISAPI and NSAPI.
Authentication and Authorization
Required steps:
- Find if the request needs authorization.
- Check if the request have the right credentials - if not generate 401 unauthorized.
- The normal error processing takes place: we can register special 401 error handler
that will implement the desired auth method
The model we used is JAAS - the authenticator is a separate module that will
find if enough credentials are available. We use a "normal" tomcat module to "glue"
between an auth API ( like JAAS or memoryRealm or catalina Realm if needed ) and
tomcat's internal representation of request. ( no "callbacks" yet - just static util
functions to extract credentials from request. )
We provide a simple implementation for standalone tomcat.:
- AccessInterceptor will match the security contraints and set a note "required.roles"
containing the list of valid groups.
- SimpleRealm will authorize the request against in-memory users.
- BasicLoginServlet, FormLoginServlet - implement the authentication protocol.
In "production" mode we expect tomcat to be integrated with various systems.
Most web servers are using a similar mechanism - as long as the server is handling
the static files we need to let him deal with authorization/authentication.
The only special case is Form based login, where the connector should forward
the request to tomcat. ( no complete implementation yet ).