hydroponics and vertical farming
Recently I had fun making some short back of the envelop computation on the use of hydroponics 📨 in a future world. Unregarding any related challenges, what would be the footprint of a factory producing the world’s food supply? 🤔
what is hydroponics?
Here by hydroponics I am talking about any ways to industrialize agriculture in a closed controlled environment. I reckon that its initial meaning was just feeding plants out of the soil using sprays of water & nutrients. But my definition here is going beyond its initial meaning to encompass all disruptive growing technologies having the ability to maximize throughput by unit of energy and surface area. 🧑🏫
The idea
Ok, so the world is using 1B ha for food production in 2015 [1], of which 72% is actually for crops… And an astonishing number: 33% of total habitable land is for crops as well. 🤦 Dreaming of a “brave new world”. I then set out to decide that we shall stop using animals for food consumption ☮ . This argument is easy to make an revolves around its cost in pollution, suffering, energy waste & land use. But let’s not delve more into it for this article. 🕳
So, what happens if we forbid live stock food production? Well with current land and technology, we might be able to feed the forecoming 10 billion humans without impacting more forests. But now, what if we could make everything hydroponic? 🎱 Forbidding crops we actually now need much less food use, so say \(500M ha\). This represents actually \(5,000,000 km^2\). A cautious estimate would say that we can grow this food at least 30% more efficiently (space wise), than for regular agriculture. Being freed from any form of weather issues, we can make much faster growing crops. Let’s be cautious and only say 2 times faster. We are then now “only” using \(1,800,000 km^2\) land for this.
Now let’s be really crazy, for reasons I will discuss late (🧬), the crops (whatever its type) can be made not exceed 1.5m in height. Now also say this factory will be 100m high or, t least 50 floors, since you need to account for some space for any machines, drains, etc. So now your factory footprint is “only” \(36,000 km^2\)!
But this is not all. A lot of crops are (and can) be much smaller in size than 1.5m a better management of space usage might reduce it to -let’s not too be cautious- a further 50%. \(18,000km^2\). We can then build a 0.1x120x150km building. We would not need more to feed the entire current humanity. 💭
This is of course a very rough estimate and I would guess that it could vary between half to ten times the size I just gave. I also missed a lot of complexity of course 📩. But what about supply and resources you’ll tell me. How much water, electricity and minerals would you need? That would be hell of a footprint as well .
For lighting first, an LED is 70% efficient, only 2% of the sun’s light is used by plants and the sun radiates arable land at an average over the year of \(20Wh/m^2\). So our plant would need to use \(0.5W/m^2\) in our plant of lighting energy. this would mean \(500kW/km^2\). so let’s say our plan would consume 700GW of energy (with alternating night and day).
For transport and temperature control, it is way harder to judge. But a safe estimate would be to x2 at least the lighting energy consumption. Although with intelligent management this might be less. 🤷
A nuclear facility like gravelline in France outputs a consistent 5.5GW of energy while being \(1 km^2\). 💡 So we would need 400 nuclear power plants to power this world’s food supply, that is approximately 80% of the world’s electricity production. Doable? maybe?.. its the future you know. and with a footprint too low to count compare to the food factory. Now with that amount of nuclear power and plants 🌴 (pun intended), we reeeaally need water.. 🍉 gravelline might use up to 240 m3/s of water which would put us at around 37B liters / day for the power plants. you might be able to achieve that by spacing them every 1km from each other on the costline. taking 400km of cost line. Which represents less than 1% of Norway’s 🇳🇴
The promises
Now what about the crops you say. Well this is where it becomes interesting. For hydroponics we only need 10 times less water than for regular agriculture. But if one was able to manage perfectly the recycling and recirculation of water, you would need hundreds of times less water and, similarly, almost no nutrients get wasted in that case we would actually be decreasing our water consumption by factor of 3, get rid of pesticide, chemicals. 🥇
Obviously making 1 factory somewhere is extremely stupid. It helped to visualize impacts, but you would want to have many 100s around the planet, each producing all produce so that nothing has to travel more than a few 100 miles to get to one’s plate. 🚗
You have seen the promises of such a change in our consumption and production of food. Clean food, reduce energy consumption but above all, almost no human impact on the planet. reseting it to the way it was before we were there except for the towns and cities (\(~1.8M km^2\) for a population density of equivalent to the one of Boston and 10B inhabitant) This is what would actually now take the most space. But still, it is tiny (approx the size of the european union.). 🌇
In that context, Human population could grow a by dozens of times its current level.
But I wanted to illustrate the environmental promise a bit more and ask you to imagine every arable land in the world, being given back to nature. Transformed into gigantic reserves filled with animals, forests and swamps. gigantic parks where people can get lost as if they were the only humans on the planet. 🦁
why it needs to happen
Today many issues are facing us that are somehow related to food. Global warming is caused in huge part due to our consumption of food, from crops production, to cattle farm, transportation and its resulting waste.
A global usage of hydroponic systems would prevent pollution from transport, enable much less energy consumption for production and so doing, decrease waste with tighter stock management.
But global warming is already happening and will certainly already cause issues of food security for many millions of people.. 🌪 Having a system that is unconstrained by weather would also increase our capacity to sustain the more dramatic weather conditions of the late 21st century.
Additionnally issues regarding the artificialisation of the soils and the destruction of key wildlife habitat might be mitigated by mass use of hydroponics systems. As one can see in my outlandish example the surface usage is so drastically reduced that it almost doesn’t count.
Lastly it needs to happen for humanity’s sake. We do not yet know how we will be able to feed the 10 billion humans of the late 21st century. It is possible that more intensive farming, GMOs and reduced meat consumption will be needed.
However, this might not be enough. And hydroponics would allow for a virtually unlimited food supply, given sufficient investments. Moreover, some of our modern practices of food packaging have led to a world-wide increase in obesity. This health crisis is in part due to very processed food that can be stored for long periods of time and be easily manufactured. Having a source of cheap fresh produce would contribute to healthier and more competitive substitutes. 🧑⚕
what is standing in the way
Like many new technologies, first a price gap is standing in the way. Most hydroponics product’s are maya times more expensive than farm ones. This is one roadblock that plagued electric cars, solar panels, and so on.
Another more technical issue is related to what can be grown for now in these systems. You may have wondered why we only see lettuces and other greens being produced through hydroponics. This is because for many other categories of crops, this is not yet possible.
Many bigger fruits such as tomatoes and avocados, eggplants etc.. are hard to grow. Worth even are roots such as potatoes, carrots etc. 🥕
Even more difficult to grow are most cereals such as corn, whey and rice. These are the most abundantly produced crops in the world, accounting for 80% of the crops surface being used. Being able to grow cereals is one of the key to mainstream hydroponics. 🔑
Finally and the most impossible of it all are actual tree fruits and seeds such as apples, oranges, nuts, coffee etc.. Many people would dismiss this idea for its seeming impossibility..And some, would say, stupidity. 🧽
So… how could we solve them?
Genomics to the rescue
It has been shown that specific external cues such as drops in temperature and humidity. gradients of specific chemicals as well as changes in mechanical strength and pressure from the soil, allow some plants to grow or not. While some of these issues could be easily solved by tweaking the growing system itself, many others would make it very complex to do.
But, can we engineer the plants themselves to not mind its environment as much? Plants are complex.. and picky. This is often not due to actual physical constraint making it impossible for them to grow in other environment. Like wines growing better on hard rocky soils..
This is because a plant needs to protect itself and survive. In order to do this it created many ways to sense its environment and decide when to germinate, when to grow, and when to bear fruits. But in a controlled environment this is not necessary anymore. Many of the plant’s attributes are not necessary. Since the dawn of agriculture, we always had to balance quality and survival: Plants need to grow long roots for the winter, strong trunk to face off other plants, be taller, wait for seasons to pass, etc..
We were able to change them to our likings through thousands of years of tinkering. But now we can create plants without any care for their survival. Being in controlled environments and close to consumption points, tomatoes could be picked ripe and filled with sugar. Corn could grow just a few cm before growing its cob. Apple tree could also be thin and small and frail. So doing, these plants would grow fast, with better energy usage. They could be genetically modified without the scare of them overtaking wildlife, especially given how unfit they would be for the outside. 👍
So, by modifying a plant’s genome, we might be able to make anything grow from hydroponics and to increase its production by multiple more folds. We would also produce healthier and more tasteful food.
Making business out of it
We are starting to see many people using, in one way or another, vertical farming. But this often looks like a smaller side project than real companies. We have seen some startups producing greens within big cities using vertical farming, but nothing remarkable has come out yet. With so many promises, why is that?
It seems that the conceptual leap has not been achieved yet. The first goal here is: “How to make it cheaper and better than a regular produce?” let’s not try to shame people into using hydroponics. Let’s just try to prove to consumers that it is better.
To recap, from everything that we have seen 👓 so far. I believe that the 3 key enablers for this industry will be:
- quality,
- location,
- delay,
- and scale
One idea I would want to highlight for a first POC (proof of concept) would be to prove it is better on quality. Focusing on Fancy products , like remote and hard to grow fruits and vegetables. Food that is better fresh and ripe, fancy tomatoes that are often only grown far away and hard to transport to some cities, out of season berries etc.. These can be easily scaled using hydroponics to maybe an extent where they are better and cheaper than what is available at most people’s stores.
So, If you want to start a company and have knowledge in genomics, automatisation, design and product management. give me a call! 😉
Remarks: I have not used sources consistently for this article and I am sorry for that. These are back of the envellope computations. For imaginative thinking. You are free to do your own and showcase what I am missing in the comments! 😄
- https://www.architectmagazine.com/technology/products/the-truth-about-how-efficient-a-white-led-can-be
- https://www.trees.com/advantages-disadvantages-of-hydroponics
- https://www.britannica.com/science/biosphere/Efficiency-of-solar-energy-utilization


--- title: Google Wave -- we came, we saw, we played D&D layout: post ---
Nice, somebody found a use for Wave! :)


👋🏻 Meet Me!
It is always hard to get started and write the first post. There is lot to share but it is very hard for me to figure out from where to start. I tried many times but failed to write a perfect post. One thing I have learned
during all my tries is that you can only do it by start writing. Personally I think that it is way more important to start writing than to write a perfect post. With this in mind, let’s get over this first post.
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Today's Horoscope: November 8, 2019
Here’s your daily horoscope, according to Mecca Woods , Bustle’s resident astrologer and creator of MyLifeCreated.com . We’re constantly fascinated by what our zodiac sign says about our lives, whether it's which signs are most compatible or how each sign handles conflict in relationships. Below, a look at how astrology will affect our lives today.
The Moon enters adventurous and assertive Aries early this morning, setting the tone for the day. Under an Aries Moon we might find ourselves feeling more daring, outgoing, and impatient.
By the mid-morning the Moon joins wounded Chiron in Aries, which could have us feeling a bit tender or defensive, specifically where it concerns self-reliance and confidence. The best way to handle this cosmic combo is to use our power on behalf of someone else. For some of us, this cosmic combo can show us the ways we need to be more assertive.
By mid-day, our focus turns to work and productivity as the Sun in determined Scorpio teams up with hardworking Saturn in Capricorn and dreamy Neptune in Pisces. Under this planetary combination, we should find the passion, insight, and persistence needed to bring a dream to life. This energy will be especially strong by later tonight when Saturn in Capricorn makes a rare connection with Neptune in Pisces. With this pairing, we're called to commit ourselves to our higher purpose or true calling.
Read below to see what the stars mean for your sign today, and make sure to check out your November 2019 monthly horoscope.
If Your Zodiac Sign Is Aries (March 21 - April 19)
The focus turns to you and how you're feeling today. You might find yourself feeling a bit touchier than usual. Know that you don't have to keep a stiff upper lip. Now's the time to connect with someone you trust and allow them to show up for you. Vulnerability is a strength.
If Your Zodiac Sign Is Taurus (April 20 - May 20)
There may be something you're trying to avoid and perhaps it has to do with expressing the way you really feel about a particular matter. However, know that when you embrace and speak your truth with conviction, others just might be more understanding than you think.
If Your Zodiac Sign Is Gemini (May 21 - June 20)
You might be having some doubts today as to whether something you're planning will actually happen. Know that as long as you're willing to face what scares you and dig in and do the work necessary, success will be closer than you think. What's meant for you will be for you.
If Your Zodiac Sign Is Cancer (June 21 - July 22)
If you're feeling less than confident about whether you can achieve your goals or have the kind of career that you want, let today be a reminder that you already have what it takes. As long as you follow your heart and embrace your gifts, you can't lose. Someone influential may help you.
If Your Zodiac Sign Is Leo (July 23 - Aug. 22)
You might want to be wild and free right now but there's work to do first. Though trust that this work you're doing will bring you the kind of security, intimacy, and stability you've been wanting for some time. Don't worry, you're not missing out. Just keep working on your vision.
If Your Zodiac Sign Is Virgo (Aug. 23 - Sept. 22)
Your insecurities could be triggered today which could have you wondering if you're good enough when it comes to your art or creative gifts or your romantic life. The key here is acknowledge what you feel but to focus on what you want rather than what you don't. You are loved.
If Your Zodiac Sign Is Libra (Sept. 23 - Oct. 22)
When it comes to helping or caring for others, take care that you don't over extend yourself today. Remember, your worth isn't determined by how much you do for other people. Now's the time where you need to save a little something for yourself.
If Your Zodiac Sign Is Scorpio (Oct. 23 - Nov. 21)
In terms of hitting your goals know that you don't have to be perfect. You just need to work on doing as best as you can and allowing that to be good enough. With the combination of courage, smarts, and creativity that you possess there's nothing you can't accomplish.
If Your Zodiac Sign Is Sagittarius (Nov. 22 - Dec. 21)
You might be feeling a bit antsy today and ready to jump into something new, but know now's not the time for making hasty decisions or giving in to instant gratification, especially in terms of love and romance. Think about the long-term and have patience with the process.
If Your Zodiac Sign Is Capricorn (Dec. 22 - Jan. 19)
Home and family could be a sore spot for you today, pushing you to vent or connect with your friends. Remember, family is what you make it, so seek out those that make you feel wanted and welcome. Now's the time to find your tribe, whatever that might look like. Home is where you are.
If Your Zodiac Sign Is Aquarius (Jan. 20 - Feb. 18)
You're called to be more strategic now in terms of the projects, activities, and work that you choose to take on. Now's the time to stick with something that deeply resonates with you rather than hopping on to the next best thing or sticking to what's logical (i.e. safe). Follow your heart.
If Your Zodiac Sign Is Pisces (Feb. 19 - March 20)
You've got some big ideas in terms of what you want for your future but you may be doubting whether this vision will come true either because of your finances or your sense of self-worth. Know that good things are unfolding for you because the leap of faith you've taken is paying off.
This article was originally published on Aug 1, 2019


VISUDH AJIVAM PVT LTD is one of the best digital platform for health care services integrated with pharmacies, doctors, labtests, diagnosis centres across India to provide world class Healthcare facilities to individuals across the country.This platform is the fastest, cheapest, safestway for you and your loved ones for meeting your medical needs in terms of medicine, labtest and doctors availability at the right time at the best affordable price.We make sure that the quality of service you are getting is world class we give you this gurranty with every service you opt for online as well as offline.We are one stop solution for your problems.We are covering a wide range of products, test and doctors with speciality in different feilds to make the service wide and safest.
VISUDH AJIVAM PVT LTD is one of the best digital platform for health care services integrated with pharmacies, doctors, labtests, diagnosis centres across India to provide world class Healthcare facilities to individuals across the country.This platform is the fastest, cheapest, safestway for you and your loved ones for meeting your medical needs in terms of medicine, labtest and doctors availability at the right time at the best affordable price.We make sure that the quality of service you are getting is world class we give you this gurranty with every service you opt for online as well as offline.We are one stop solution for your problems.We are covering a wide range of products, test and doctors with speciality in different feilds to make the service wide and safest.
General Practitioner is a medical doctor who treats all common medical conditions and refers patients to hospitals and other medical services for urgent and specialist treatment.
A neurologist is a medical doctor with specialized training in diagnosing, treating, and managing disorders of the brain and nervous system including, but not limited to, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), concussion, epilepsy, migr.
We have a large variety of medicinal products. Easily available at your door step.
We have a large variety of medicinal products. Easily available at your door step.


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{% endblock %}
{% block styles %}
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{% endblock %}
{% block header_buttons_toolbar %}
{% endblock %}
{% block detail_main_section %}
| Site Code: |
{{ deployment.parent_site_visit.feature_actions.first.sampling_feature.sampling_feature_code }} |
| Site Name: |
{{ deployment.parent_site_visit.feature_actions.first.sampling_feature.sampling_feature_name }} |
| Begin Date Time: |
{{ deployment.begin_datetime }} |
| End Date Time: |
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| UTC Offset: |
{{ deployment.begin_datetime_utc_offset }} |
| Action Description |
{{ deployment.action_description }} |
| Action link |
{{ deployment.action_file_link }} |
| Currently Deployed |
{{ deployment.result_datetime }} |
{% endblock %}
{% block extra_content %}
Equipment Used
{% include 'includes/equipment-used.template.html' with equipments=deployment.equipment_used.all %}
{% endblock %}


115 W 3rd St Emmett, Idaho 83617
P(208) 365-2012
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>H: Monday - Friday: 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM


The baiscs of the WEB are broken into 5 categories; WEB, HTML, URLS, HTTP, and WEB Applications. WEB interaction involves computers, HTTP requests, servers, HTML documents, and web browsers. The WWW is a collection of HTML documents, HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language, it glues everything together and is the heart of the WEB. Hyperlinks link the HTML documents together, making the WEB, web like. The Internet was invented in 1990, it has over 30 billion pages. This video gives a good overview.
HTML documents contain text content which describes "what you see", markup which describes "how it looks", reference to other documents images and videos, and links to other pages. HTML uses tags to tell browsers what type of HTML element to use. This video gives a good overview. HTTP Elements include the opening tag, content, and closing tag. Tags that have content require a closing tag, if the tag does not have content it is known as void and does not require a closing tag.
The size of white space always equals one, no matter how large or long the white space appears in HTML. Two Tags that help break out or group the HTML content are line break and paragrah. In addiiton HTML Elements are either inline or block. Block elements form an "invisible box" around the content inside of them. Break is inline and paragrah is block. This video explains the distinction well.
A good way to describe HTML and CSS is to use them in an analogy describing a house. HTML is the structure and CSS is the style of the house. HTML and CSS are both languages, HTML controls the structure & content of a web page, CSS controls the style of a web page or "how it looks".
DOM stands for Document Object Model, it is a tree like structure were elements branch to other elements. It is the way the computer ties several elements together, resembles a family tree. When Programers talk about the DOM, they are talking about the tree like structure of a page. In the browser, this structure shows up as a series of boxes.
There are several Text editors available for writing code in HTML, we will be using Scratchpad, Codepen, and Sublime for this course. Scratchpad is designed for beginners with less features, Codepen is for users with intermediate experience with additional features, and Sublime is for users with advanced experience with the best features of all three.
When you look at a HTML document you see several indentations on the left side of the page. The more severe the indention, the more deeply the element is.
Every object on a website is a box, even if the object looks like a circle. The HTML structure defines the object as a box, the CSS style defines what is see within the box. There are rules that define how the boxes work within a grid system. Using place holder contacts with in div tags help keep the boxes in order, using logical class names helps add CSS.
CSS means cascading style sheets, cascading is the most important part of the acronym. Known as a search and replace tool, it uses cascading rules on direct mathes and child elements. The idea of cascading is know as inheritance and you need abstract thinking to understand it. CSS is code written to control the style of HTML elements.
Avoiding repetition is a critical step in creating a solid and efficent CSS code. It helps avoid errors that occur when you perform the same task repetitively and it also helps build consistency which allows efficent changes.
Using validaiton tools is a critical step of ensuring you have produced valid HTML and CSS coding. The W3C tool Markup Validation Service checks your HTML and the W3C tool CSS Validation Service checks your CSS.


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XML Outcome Config Builder
Helping you build LTI Outcome XMLs, one step at a time.
Introduction
LTI lets you pass grades back to the learning platform using the
outcomes service.
It's nice, but nobody likes mucking around with trying to figure out XML, so here's
a helper page to get you started so you can see what the XML should look like. Side note: I
have no idea what imsx_messageIdentifier
is or does, so I'm just using
a value from the IMS documentation.


Reports redundant asInstanceOf casts and suggests removing them.
asInstanceOf
A cast is redundant if the type of expression is the same as the cast type.
Example:
"test".asInstanceOf[String]
After the quick-fix is applied:
"test"


Tabs
The jQuery mobile tabs widget is actually just an extension of the jQuery ui tabs widget and takes all the same options and methods.
Use navbar for tabs
Tabbed page content
You can also use tabs to swap out the contents of an entire page. See Tabbed Content Pages for details.


--- layout: post title: "Week in Review" date: 2017-12-03 07:25:00 +0000 tags: image: https://s3.amazonaws.com/audreywatters/2017-12-03-writing.jpg imagecredits: https://www.flickr.com/photos/rospex/11324209685 ---
Icon credits: The Noun Project


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{% if currently_playing.showtitle %}
{{ currently_playing.showtitle }}
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Season {{ currently_playing.season }}
,
Episode {{ currently_playing.episode }}
-
"{{ currently_playing.label }}"
{% elif currently_playing.artist %}
{{ currently_playing.artist }}
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{{ currently_playing.album }} ({{ currently_playing.year }})
{{ '0' if currently_playing.track < 10 }}{{ currently_playing.track }}. {{ currently_playing.title }}
{% elif currently_playing.type == 'movie' %}
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Marsha Kennedy
An artist from Saskatchewan.
.
Marsha's awards and Shows
- Awards and Shows 1977
- B.F.A. University of Regina 1981
- MFA York University 1995
- Rosemont Art Gallery (Regina) 1997
- Art Gallery of Swift Current 1999
- Mackenzie Art Gallery 2001
- Medicine Hat Museum and Art Gallery 2006
- Vernon Art Gallery, Vernon, British Columbia
- Prairie Art Gallery, Grand Prairie, Alberta. Mapping the Land and Body. Solo Exhibition. 2007
- Vernon Art Gallery, Vernon, British Columbia. Mapping the Land and Body. Solo exhibition 2007
- Mysteria Art Gallery, Regina, Saskatchewan. The Rapture of Flora. Solo exhibition. 2008
- Mysteria Art Gallery, Regina, Saskatchewan. Birds, Nests, Water, Sky. Gallery B. 2009
- Mysteria Art Gallery, Regina, Saskatchewan. Remains. Marsha Kennedy and Tracy Templeton. 2009
- Godrey Dean Art Gallery, Yorkton, Saskatchewan. Rapture. Marsha Kennedy and Marlo V. 2010
- Mysteria Gallery, Regina, Saskatchewan. Upon My Lap the World is at Play. Other artist: Carole Epp, A Collection of Tainted Virtue. 2010
- Kennedy published the limited edition art book The Rapture of Flora, with an essay by Jack Anderson and the poem The Metamorphosis of Plants by Goethe. 2011
- Kennedy was part of an “Artists by Artists” program through the Mendel Art Gallery (Saskatoon), in which she mentored sculptor Carole Epp


Question
Given weights and values of n items, put these items in a knapsack of capacity W to get the maximum total value.
In other words, given two integer arrays val[0..n-1] and wt[0..n-1] which represent values and weights. Also given an integer W which represents knapsack capacity, find out the maximum possible value.
You cannot break an item, either pick it or don’t pick it (0-1 property).
Analysis
This is a very similar question to [Question] Coin Change Problem, because directly using recursion to solve will result in a lot of re-calculations. It’s a DP question.
Solution
First of all, define a 2D array, Knapsack(n,W) denotes getting ‘n'th item, with weight 'W’. When n == 0 or W = 0, dp value is 0.
int[][] Knapsack = new int[n + 1][W + 1];
Using ‘n’ to denote the items to put into Knapsack. ‘v’ is the value and ‘w’ is the total weight.
Now if item ‘n’ is able to fit in:
Knapsack(n,W) = max(vn + Knapsack(n-1, W-wn), Knapsack(n-1, W))
If not able to fit in:
Knapsack(n,W) = Knapsack(n-1, W)
Refer to page 11 to 12 of this pdf.
Follow up
Look at the code, we checked dp[i-1][j]. Now the question is:
Do we need to check dp[i][j-1] ? (In case that total weight is not fully used up)
The answer is NO. We don’t. Look at example: weights = {1, 2} and values = {3, 5}, and knapsack weight = 4. DP array would be:
[
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 3, 3, 3, 3],
[0, 3, 5, 8, 8]
]
See that? The way that we keep DP array size int[items + 1][totalWeight + 1], the DP value is always 0 at 1st column and row.
So, in the example when i == 1, total value is ALWAYS 3.
Code
public int maxValNoDup(int totalWeight, int[] value, int[] weight) {
int items = value.length;
Arrays.sort(value);
Arrays.sort(weight);
int[][] dp = new int[items + 1][totalWeight + 1];
for (int i = 1; i <= items; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= totalWeight; j++) {
// we'll try to take i'th item, to fit in weight j
if (j < weight[i - 1]) {
// not able to put in
dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j];
} else {
// we are able to take i'th item into knapsack
dp[i][j] = Math.max(dp[i - 1][j], value[i - 1]
+ dp[i - 1][j - weight[i - 1]]);
}
}
}
return dp[items][totalWeight];
}


Last week, the party prepared to ambush Nosferatu in Nathaniel's house. Lorelei was disguised as Nathaniel, and the rest of the party took up positions around the house to keep watch. In the dead of night, an assassin tried to break in through the window. Before he could attack "Nathaniel", however, he triggered a magical trap that Antimony had planted, allowing Antimony and Lorelei to blast him with spells. With the element of surprise lost, the assassin fled out the window and summoned a group of fellow ruffians to aid him. The party quickly set upon the rogues outside Nathaniel's house.
After a short fight, the party knocked the lead assassin unconscious, while the assassins simultaneously brought Lord Khallus to the brink of death. To save their leader1 the assassins surrendered, allowing both sides to treat their wounded. With the entire party working together to save him, Lord Khallus barely survived, and the interrogation began.
The interrogation proved remarkably short-lived2, and the assassins revealed that their leader was not Nosferatu. In fact, they were a completely separate group of assassins. They were hired to kill Nathaniel by a rival Elf-Lord named Marithane, and did not seem to have any knowledge that Nathaniel had already been attacked by Nosferatu. The party sent a Sending3 to Saul, who left a burglary he was investigating and brought a group of guards to arrest the assassins. After sending them away in chains, the party thought they were safe, and their job well done.
The next morning, Saul informed told the party that Nathaniel had been killed4, and his body stolen. Nosferatu had succeeded while the party was distracted - and Saul suggested that he would probably have interrogated Nathaniel before he died, which meant that Nosferatu would probably know that the party had the Book. Faced with this news, the party decided to give up on the entire process of pleading their case to the Chamber of Elf-Lords. Instead, they would head directly to the Spine of the World to seek aid from the dragons.
Join us this week to meet super cool dragons!


10. Raw Transaction Review
We’ve seen transactions stored on the blockchain by their Transaction Hash.
Transactions stored in the bitcoin blockchain are stored in a double-hashed form.
This means the raw transaction was put through SHA256 twice to get the Transaction hash we see on the blockchain.
For example, a transaction with this hash: b138360800cdc72248c3ca8dfd06de85913d1aac7f41b4fa54eb1f5a4a379081
Transaction in the bitcoin blockchain are stored in a double-hashed form:
SHA256(SHA256(01000…) = b138360800cdc72248c3ca8dfd06de85913d1aac7f41b4fa54eb1f5a4a379081
Given the raw transaction, we were able to see more details about the Transaction Data model.
We discussed that inside the Input Information section and Output Information section there’s data about an Unlocking Script and Locking Script, respectively.
What we didn’t mention is that there’s a little bit more than that inside each of these sections. Let’s see what else is contained here.
The input information section contains these pieces of data:
- Previous output hash - All inputs reference back to an output (UTXO). This points back to the transaction containing the UTXO that will be spend in this input. The hash value of this UTXO is saved in a reverse ordered here.
- Previous output index - A transaction may have more than one UTXO which are referenced by their index number. The first index is 0.
- Unlocking Script Size - This is the size of the Unlocking Script in bytes.
- Unlocking Script - This is the hash of the Unlocking Script that fulfills the conditions of the UTXO Locking Script.
- Sequence Number - This is a deprecated feature of bitcoin Currently set to ffffffff by default.
Similarly, here’s the data stored in the Transaction Output Information:
- Amount - The amount of Bitcoin outputted in Satoshis (the smallest bitcoin unit). 10^8 Satoshis = 1 Bitcoin.
- Locking Script Size - This is the size of the Locking Script in bytes.
- Locking Script - This is the hash of the Locking Script that specifies the conditions that must be met to spend this output.
Here is the full breakdown of the raw transaction:
Version - All transactions include information about the Bitcoin Version number so we know which rules this transaction follows.
Input Count - Which is how many inputs were used for this transaction
Data stored in Input information:
- Previous output hash - All inputs reference back to an output (UTXO). This points back to the transaction containing the UTXO that will be spend in this input. The hash value of this UTXO is saved in a reverse ordered here.
- Previous output index - The transaction may have more than one UTXO which are referenced by their index number. The first index is 0.
- Unlocking Script Size - This is the size of the Unlocking Script in bytes.
- Unlocking Script - This is the hash of the Unlocking Script that fulfills the conditions of the UTXO Locking Script.
- Sequence Number - This s a deprecated feature of bitcoin Currently set to ffffffff by default.
Output Count - which tells us how many outputs were produced from this transaction.
Data stored in Output Information:
- Amount - The amount of Bitcoin outputted in Satoshis (the smallest bitcoin unit). 10^8 Satoshis = 1 Bitcoin.
- Locking Script Size - This is the size of the Locking Script in bytes.
- Locking Script - This is the hash of the Locking Script that specifies the conditions that must be met to spend this output.
Locktime - The locktime field indicates the earliest time or the earliest block a transaction can be added to the blockchain.
If the locktime is non-zero and less than 500 million, it is interpreted as a block height and miners have to wait until that block height is reached before attempting to add it to a block. If the locktime is above 500 million, it is read as a unix timestamp which means the number of seconds since the date January 1st 1970. It is usually 0 which means confirm as soon as possible.


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May Faces Rebellion on Customs Union From Tory Lawmakers
Eight Conservative Party lawmakers have backed an amendment calling for the U.K. to keep close ties to the European Union after it leaves, an attempt to reverse Theresa May’s Brexit policy that could threaten her political survival.
The number to publicly declare their intention of defying the government and calling for the U.K. to remain in a customs union after the split has risen since the amendment was originally published. It could potentially be enough to wipe out May’s slim working majority in the House of Commons.
The government relies on the backing of 13 including support from Northern Ireland’s Democratic Unionist Party, which has 10 lawmakers. If May were to lose the vote -- for which no date has yet been set -- on a central plank of her legislative program, it could set off a train of events that could in theory topple her government.
The latest stirrings of trouble for May are happening while in Brussels the European Union’s chief negotiator delivered some stern words for May’s negotiating stance on a transition period she’s asked for to give businesses time to adjust to the changes. Time is running out for differences to be bridged ahead of an end-March deadline.
Potential Outreach
Earlier, in a speech at Bloomberg’s European headquarters, International Trade Secretary Liam Fox said he hoped to persuade Tory rebels to change their minds. The pound fell.
“I hope that we will be able to persuade our colleagues as the prime minister sets out the case,” Fox said answering questions in London. “The approach that the prime minister has set out will actually lead to the greater prosperity and security of the people of this country.
He added: “And I hope that they will understand that the drawbacks of the customs union that I set out today would remarkably hinder this country in terms of the future economic opportunities that might otherwise be available.”
Former Tory leader William Hague had warned Tory rebels earlier in the day against “threatening the very existence of a Tory government.” Writing in The Daily Telegraph he urged them against “setting off a chain of events that would never be forgiven.”
Hague was suggesting that by defeating May on a central pillar of government policy, her entire administration could crumble.
That’s because a prime minister who can no longer get her legislation past parliament is without authority and could be challenged on a vote of confidence. If power was seen to ebb away from May, Jeremy Corbyn’s Labour Party would be in a stronger position to urge her to call a general election -- which they hope and expect to win.
The Trade Bill which has been amended by the rebels, has been pushed back with no date set for a vote on the key issue. May’s advisors will be hoping the rebels can be brought round before it reaches a crunch vote in Parliament.
Kitty Donaldson


Perennial, up to 60 cm tall bulbous plant. Bulb of medium size, reddish. Tree erect, slender, bare and leafless in the lower part and upwards with alternately arranged, mutually compacted, linearly lanceolate leaves. These are up to 7 cm long, pointed towards the top, up to 1.5 cm wide at the bottom of the tree, and gradually narrower at the top (only 2-3 mm), bare but covered with ciliated hairs along the rim. Inflorescence apical, with 1-2 large, golden-yellow, orange or mini-yellow flowers, up to 3.5 cm in diameter. Leaves perigon lanceolate, on the inside at the base with warts and brown streaks. Anthers shorter than perigon leaves, anthers the color of minjum. Fruit erect, 2.5-3.5 cm long cocoon. Flowering VI-VII. This lily is similar to the related head (Lilium jankae) but has thinner leaves and only one apical flower on the stem. A plant of high mountain (subalpine and alpine) meadows and grassy areas, most often on a serpentine base. Endemic to the Balkan Peninsula, it lives only in Serbia (West and Kosovo), Montenegro, Albania, Macedonia and northern Greece. Son. Lilium carniolicum subsp. albanicum (Griseb.) Hayek


Former Erwin Hymer plant bought by Conestoga College
The building will be used to consolidate the skilled trades program
by Cali DoranConestoga College has made a big purchase as the institution works to expand its campus.
President John Tibbits announced the purchase of one of the former Erwin Hymer plants in Cambridge this week.
The plan is to use the building for the skilled trades program.
"It will allow us to consolidate, we can bring the trades from Waterloo, Guelph, Kitchener and the Cambridge 401 campus and we can put them there so there will be synergy," said Tibbits.
The 250,000 square foot facility sits on over 40 acres of land, which leaves room for any further expansion.
"We have been trying to find a building for some time, and it allows us to accomplish our objective of putting all the trades in one area and giving it the exposure that it doesn't have."
Tibbits said the location is also a benefit. "There is easy access off the 401, which means that we can draw from a wide area geographically."
"We are excited, its a big step for us," he said.
The goal is to have classes running out of the new building by September of 2021.


{{+bindTo:partials.standard_nacl_article}}
NOTE:
Deprecation of the technologies described here has been announced
for platforms other than ChromeOS.
Please visit our
migration guide
for details.
This document describes the differences between Native Client and Portable Native Client, and provides recommendations for when to use each.
Native Client enables the execution of native code securely inside web applications through the use of advanced Software Fault Isolation (SFI) techniques. Native Client allows you to harness a client machine’s computational power to a fuller extent than traditional web technologies. It does this by running compiled C and C++ code at near-native speeds, and exposing a CPU’s full capabilities, including SIMD vectors and multiple-core processing with shared memory.
While Native Client provides operating system independence, it requires you to generate architecture-specific executables (nexe) for each hardware platform. This is neither portable nor convenient, making it ill-suited for the open web.
The traditional method of application distribution on the web is through self- contained bundles of HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and other resources (images, etc.) that can be hosted on a server and run inside a web browser. With this type of distribution, a website created today should still work years later, on all platforms. Architecture-specific executables are clearly not a good fit for distribution on the web. Consequently, Native Client has been until recently restricted to applications and browser extensions that are installed through the Chrome Web Store.
PNaCl solves the portability problem by splitting the compilation process into two parts:
This portability aligns Native Client with existing open web technologies such as JavaScript. You can distribute a pexe as part of an application (along with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript), and the user’s machine is simply able to run it.
With PNaCl, you’ll generate a single pexe, rather than multiple platform- specific nexes. Since the pexe uses an abstract, architecture- and OS- independent format, it does not suffer from the portability problem described above. Although, PNaCl can be more efficient on some operating systems than on others. PNaCl boasts the same level of security as NaCl. Future versions of hosting environments should have no problem executing the pexe, even on new architectures. Moreover, if an existing architecture is enhanced, the pexe doesn’t need to be recompiled. In some cases the client-side translation will automatically take advantage of new capabilities. A pexe can be part of any web application. It does not have to be distributed through the Chrome Web Store. In short, PNaCl combines the portability of existing web technologies with the performance and security benefits of Native Client.
PNaCl is a new technology, and as such it still has a few limitations as compared to NaCl. These limitations are described below.
PNaCl is the preferred toolchain for Native Client, and the only way to deploy Native Client modules without the Google Web Store. Unless your project is subject to one of the narrow limitations described under “When to use NaCl”, you should use PNaCl.
Chrome supports translation of pexe modules and their use in web applications without requiring installation either of a browser plug-in or of the applications themselves. Native Client and PNaCl are open-source technologies, and our hope is that they will be added to other hosting platforms in the future.
If controlled distribution through the Chrome Web Store is an important part of your product plan, the benefits of PNaCl are less critical for you. But you can still use the PNaCl toolchain and distribute your application through the Chrome Web Store, and thereby take advantage of the conveniences of PNaCl, such as not having to explicitly compile your application for all supported architectures.
Use NaCl if any of the following apply to your application:
newlib
C standard library. Dynamic linking and
glibc
are not yet supported in PNaCl. Work is under way to enable dynamic
linking in future versions of PNaCl.goto
, or nested
functions.


--- layout: post status: publish published: true title: Commentators author: display_name: Andy login: Andy email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>url: '' author_login: Andy author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>excerpt: I couldn't believe the video of Marty Brennaman that Corey posted the other day. I understand that they were mad about the balls being chucked onto the field, but mention it and move on! wordpress_id: 27 wordpress_url: http://ivyenvy.wordpress.com/?p=27 date: '2008-04-21 18:00:10 +0000' date_gmt: '2008-04-21 18:00:10 +0000' categories: - Broadcasters tags: - Alfonso Soriano - Bob Brenly - Len Kasper comments: [] ---
I couldn't believe the video of Marty Brennaman that Corey posted the other day. I understand that they were mad about the balls being chucked onto the field, but mention it and move on!
This Brennaman rant is a prime example of why I feel we're fortunate to have Len and Bob as our commentators. In one of the games against the Phillies, there was a close play at first base during which Soriano (I think it was Soriano) was called out. The replay showed that he was probably safe. Len and Bob noted that it was their opinion that he should have been called safe, but then they went on to talk about how their opinion is meaningless; the only opinion that matters is the opinion of the first base umpire. Other commentators who shall remain nameless would dwell on calls like that for several innings after the fact. Len and Bob do a good job of trying to remain objective about the game. I haven't really heard them be excessively negative about fans or players of the opposing team; in fact, they usually only have positive and constructive comments about opposing players.


Go to Point of Sale → Configuration → POS Discount Programs menu
Create discount programs for available product categories
Click on the "Other" button to see all active discount programs
When you select a discount program, it will be shown on the discount display. Click on the "Ok" button to apply it.
Once you apply a discount program, you can see the corresponding discount values and program name in parenthesis on order lines. Moreover, total applied discount will be calculated and displayed at the bottom of the order and on the receipt.
You can set predefined discount programs for specific customers (either from customer form in backend or from POS directly).
It will be applied, once you select the customer for an order.
Finally, you can see new "Discount allowed" checkbox on the product form (Sales tab) that allows to specify if an individual product may have a discount or not. By default it is True.
If you set it as False, the discount program will not be applied for this product.
It should be noted that you will be able to easily change discounts for separate products or entire order by using built-in odoo discount tools ("Disc" button, Discount product), i.e. the module doesn't block these features.
Contact us by email or fill out request form


My Name is Alex
I've done some pretty cool stuff in the short time I've had, and I'm proud of what I've achieved.
Army Experience
I joined the Army straight out of high school, in January 2009. Basically I did it because at that stage I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life - and for me that was an unsettling feeling. At the time, I felt like it was a better option compared to enrolling in University, with no idea what line of study I wanted to pursue. In hindsight it was the second best decision I've ever made.
I met awesome people, gained discipline and adaptability, learned how to function under pressure and a whole lot more besides. I also became part of a team, and learned how important team is. The Army taught me that team is an extension of family (that's an IS-A relationship rather than HAS-A)
On top of that, the Army sent me a lot of places to do a lot of things. The photos of Afghanistan that are scattered around my website, were all taken by me! My camera was a potato, even for the time, but I think most of the photos turned out okay!
If you have any questions about my time in the Army, ask away - there are contact links at the bottom of the page
University
Having sorted out a long term plan, in 2013 I decided it was time to leave the army.
I enrolled in a Bachelor of Science, Majoring in Geography and Computer Science. I chose this path because during my time in the army I developed a healthy respect for nature and a love of the outdoors. I want to make sure that, whatever I do, I still make time to enjoy the wilderness around me.
That being said, I also love technology, and believe that technology is going to be of ever increasing importance in the future. The topics I've found most enjoyable at university so far, have been things like web development and design, distributed computing and of course big data and the visualisation of that data. I find algorithms really interesting - my after hours learning is mainly focused around algorithms at the moment and I would love to work somewhere that I could build my skills in things like that.
These two majors are very different fields, but they have a cool intersection, and that is Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Of all things, I'm the most passionate about GIS. I used it extensively in the army and am a firm believer in it's awesomeness. My dream job would be to work at a place where I could put big data on to a map and improve people's lives with the analysis that comes from that. That being said, I have a lot of dream jobs, I'm very open to negotiation!


{% include 2017_data/about.html %}
{% include 2017_data/speakers.html %}
{% include 2017_data/intro.html %}
{% include 2017_data/contact.html %}
{% include 2017_data/sponsors.html %}
{% include 2017_data/footer.html %}
{% include 2017_data/speakers_info.html %}
{% include 2016_data/js.html %}


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% block bugzilla-body %}
| Simple Search | Advanced Search |
Find a specific bug by entering words that describe it. Bugzilla will search bug descriptions and comments for those words and return a list of matching bugs sorted by relevance.
For example, if the bug you are looking for is a browser crash when you go to a secure web site with an embedded Flash animation, you might search for "crash secure SSL flash".


_Friends_&_Lovers_ no stars (out of ****)
Late in _Friends_&_Lovers_, one character says, "Well, this sucks. This _really_ sucks." This realization will come _much_ sooner for anyone with the misfortune of watching George Haas's smug, self-satisfied ensemble "comedy" _Friends_&_Lovers_, about a circle of friends who in some way, shape, or form cross over into the latter territory during a holiday in the winter wonderland of Park City, Utah.
Among those in the cast, if you care (not that you should--or will): Claudia Schiffer, whose debut turn as an aspiring model is enough to make anyone forgive Cindy Crawford's _Fair_Game_; Robert Downey Jr., so over-the-top as to be in his own earth orbit as a German ski instructor; Stephen Baldwin, cementing his reputation as the least discriminating Baldwin bro as a cocky (pun intended) womanizer; and Alison Eastwood, who obviously believes that doing energetic nude sex scenes will be ticket out from underneath her father's shadow (it isn't). There is no structure or dramatic tension to the film, which is just a bunch of aimless scenes of people exchanging witless, pseudo-hip dialogue--that is, until Haas tries to jolt the slumbering audience awake with a farcical fuckfest finale. Too much, too little, and _much_ too late: by the time the end credits began to mercifully unspool, I was the _only_ person remaining in the auditorium, the other five or so people in the audience having wisely bailed somewhere along the misbegotten way.
Michael Dequina
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Mr. Brown's Movie Site: http://welcome.to/mrbrown
CompuServe Hollywood Hotline: http://www.HollywoodHotline.com
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The review above was posted to the
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Interface TranscriptNormalization.EntryOrBuilder (2.0.0)
public static interface TranscriptNormalization.EntryOrBuilder extends MessageOrBuilder
Implements
MessageOrBuilderMethods
getCaseSensitive()
public abstract boolean getCaseSensitive()
Whether the search is case sensitive.
bool case_sensitive = 3;
| Type | Description |
| boolean | The caseSensitive. |
getReplace()
public abstract String getReplace()
What to replace with. Max length is 100 characters.
string replace = 2;
| Type | Description |
| String | The replace. |
getReplaceBytes()
public abstract ByteString getReplaceBytes()
What to replace with. Max length is 100 characters.
string replace = 2;
| Type | Description |
| ByteString | The bytes for replace. |
getSearch()
public abstract String getSearch()
What to replace. Max length is 100 characters.
string search = 1;
| Type | Description |
| String | The search. |
getSearchBytes()
public abstract ByteString getSearchBytes()
What to replace. Max length is 100 characters.
string search = 1;
| Type | Description |
| ByteString | The bytes for search. |


PART
: particle
Definition
In Ancient Greek grammar the term particle is used as a cover term for words belonging to different PoS.
With reference to UD, only those words that do not clearly belong to any other part of speech are labeled as PART. The list for them can be found in Smyth 1920: 631-671, excluding (coordinating and subordinating) conjunctions and adverbs such as καί ‘even’. Most Ancient Greek particles can be defined as sentence adverbs.
Examples
- ἀτάρ “however”
- αὖ “on the other hand”
- δή “certainly”
References
Smyth, Herbert Weir. 1920. A Greek Grammar for Colleges. New York: American Book Company (Perseus Digital Library; Internet Archive).
Treebank Statistics (UD_Ancient_Greek)
There are 40 PART
lemmas (0%), 96 PART
types (0%) and 13629 PART
tokens (7%).
Out of 14 observed tags, the rank of PART
is: 8 in number of lemmas, 7 in number of types and 6 in number of tokens.
The 10 most frequent PART
lemmas: δέ, τε, γάρ, μέν, ἄν, ἄρα, γε, δή, ἀτάρ, μή
The 10 most frequent PART
types: δ̓, δὲ, τε, μὲν, γὰρ, δέ, τ̓, δὴ, ἂν, γε
The 10 most frequent ambiguous lemmas: δέ (PART 6037, ADV 1684, CCONJ 483), τε (PART 1730, ADV 426, CCONJ 69), γάρ (PART 962, ADV 478), μέν (PART 869, ADV 690), ἄν (PART 802, ADV 156, SCONJ 1), ἄρα (PART 775, ADV 30), γε (PART 520, ADV 62), δή (PART 424, ADV 187), ἀτάρ (PART 286, CCONJ 47), μή (CCONJ 231, ADV 218, PART 201)
The 10 most frequent ambiguous types: δ̓ (PART 3496, ADV 257, CCONJ 119), δὲ (PART 1884, ADV 1359, CCONJ 438), τε (PART 1130, ADV 413, CCONJ 51), μὲν (PART 766, ADV 642), γὰρ (PART 763, ADV 428), δέ (PART 671, ADV 68, CCONJ 16), τ̓ (PART 465, CCONJ 12, PRON 8, ADV 8), δὴ (PART 330, ADV 169), ἂν (PART 295, ADV 127, ADP 11, SCONJ 4), γε (PART 283, ADV 49)
- δ̓
- δὲ
- τε
- μὲν
- γὰρ
- δέ
- τ̓
- δὴ
- ἂν
- γε
Morphology
The form / lemma ratio of PART
is 2.400000 (the average of all parts of speech is 3.038201).
The 1st highest number of forms (11) was observed with the lemma “ἄν”: κ̓, κέ, κέν, κε, κεν, κἂν, τἂν, χ̓, ἂν, ἃν, ἄν.
The 2nd highest number of forms (11) was observed with the lemma “ἄρα”: τἄῤ, τἄρα, τὰρ, ἂρ, ἄρ, ἄῤ, ἄρά, ἄρα, ῥ̓, ῥά, ῥα.
The 3rd highest number of forms (6) was observed with the lemma “οὐδέ”: δ̓, δέ, δὲ, κοὐδ̓, οὐ, οὐδὲ.
PART
does not occur with any features.
Relations
PART
nodes are attached to their parents using 8 different relations: grc-dep/advmod (8759; 64% instances), grc-dep/cc (4851; 36% instances), grc-dep/mark (10; 0% instances), grc-dep/punct (4; 0% instances), grc-dep/obj (2; 0% instances), grc-dep/case (1; 0% instances), grc-dep/nmod (1; 0% instances), grc-dep/vocative (1; 0% instances)
Parents of PART
nodes belong to 14 different parts of speech: VERB (10863; 80% instances), NOUN (1320; 10% instances), ADJ (613; 4% instances), PRON (410; 3% instances), ADV (221; 2% instances), PART (69; 1% instances), SCONJ (52; 0% instances), CCONJ (31; 0% instances), ADP (25; 0% instances), DET (10; 0% instances), INTJ (6; 0% instances), NUM (5; 0% instances), X (3; 0% instances), PUNCT (1; 0% instances)
13470 (99%) PART
nodes are leaves.
149 (1%) PART
nodes have one child.
8 (0%) PART
nodes have two children.
2 (0%) PART
nodes have three or more children.
The highest child degree of a PART
node is 3.
Children of PART
nodes are attached using 6 different relations: grc-dep/advmod (144; 84% instances), grc-dep/punct (19; 11% instances), grc-dep/nsubj (3; 2% instances), grc-dep/advcl (2; 1% instances), grc-dep/nmod (2; 1% instances), grc-dep/det (1; 1% instances)
Children of PART
nodes belong to 9 different parts of speech: PART (69; 40% instances), ADV (56; 33% instances), PUNCT (19; 11% instances), CCONJ (18; 11% instances), NOUN (3; 2% instances), ADJ (2; 1% instances), VERB (2; 1% instances), DET (1; 1% instances), PRON (1; 1% instances)
PART in other languages: [am] [ar] [bg] [bxr] [ca] [ckb] [cop] [cs] [cu] [da] [de] [el] [en] [es] [et] [eu] [fa] [fi] [fo] [fr] [ga] [gl] [got] [grc] [he] [hi] [hr] [hu] [id] [it] [ja] [kk] [kmr] [ko] [la] [lv] [mr] [nl] [no] [pl] [pt] [ro] [ru] [sa] [sk] [sla] [sl] [so] [sr] [sv] [swl] [ta] [tr] [ug] [uk] [u] [urj] [ur] [vi] [yue] [zh]


{% extends 'portal.html' %} {% block title %} {{assessment}} | Data Pivot | HAWC {% endblock %} {% block breadcrumbs %}
Option #1 (Query-based)
Create a data-pivot based on querying information off the HAWC database for this assessment. Your settings will always be applied to this query; but it will contain the latest information from the database, so the visualization may change from time to time.
Select Option #1Option #2 (Input-file)
Create a data-pivot based on an uploaded Excel file of data. Your settings will always be applied to the uploaded dataset; therefore the visualization will be constant, but will not use the latest information from the HAWC database.
Select Option #2Option #3 (Copy from existing)
Create a data-pivot based, using an existing data-pivot as a template.
Select Option #3 {% endblock %}


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5/12 email
As you know, the Spring 2020 term is coming to an end. Final exams will begin on May 15, 2020 and the term will officially end on Friday, May 22, 2020. We write to inform you that grade rosters for the Spring 2020 semester are now open and visible in CUNYfirst through the faculty self-service menu.
Attached are instructions on how to enter your grades in CUNYfirst, along the CSI grading symbols and clarification on when to assign D, F, INC, and WU grades. I encourage you to review the attached document and, if you have any questions or concerns, to contact Associate Registrar, Juline Robinson at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>for assistance and guidance.
Important: Once you have entered all the grades, you must change the Approval Status from the drop-down menu from ‘SAVE BUT NOT SUBMIT to ’SUBMIT GRADES TO REGISTRAR’. The POST button will appear at the bottom right hand side of the page and clicking the POST button will make the grades official and immediately available to the students.
Grades are due 48 hours after final exams are administered. Grades for all courses, including independent study sections, must be posted in CUNYfirst by Thursday, May 28, 2020 at 11:59pm.
The Registrar’s Office understands it has been a challenging semester for us all, but we strongly urge you to comply with the deadline for submission of your final grades.
Submitting grades on time will give our students the necessary opportunity to consult with their advisors before making their final decisions of opting-in to the Credit/No Credit grading option available in Spring 2020. Additionally, entering grades on time will prevent delays in conferral of degrees, degree verification for employers, enrollment for the Fall semester, and the completion of the Satisfactory Academic Progress determination for financial aid and the academic standing calculations.
Best regards, Office of the Registrar
Juline Robinson Associate Registrar College of Staten Island, CUNY 2800 Victory Boulevard, Building 2A, Room 107 Staten Island NY 10314<PHONE_NUMBER> Juline.robinson@csi.cuny.edu


POPULATION
GDP
PURCHASING POWER
STACK BAR
AGGREGATE PLOT
Population of G20 countries in 2013
Gross Domestic Product of G20 countries in 2013
Purchasing Power of G20 countries in 2013
Growth in Population and Purchasing Power from 2010 to 2013
Population and GDP of continents in 2013


Let us start with an example. Question 4 of the survey asked the respondents, “At what time do you experience the heaviest traffic in your neighborhood? Imagine how a respondent would respond to that question? 7:30 AM? 8 AM? All the responses will record the time of the day. Such data is numerical and will be classified as Interval Data.
in-context


export default function (scrawl, el, args = {}) {
Scrawl-canvas DOM element snippets
Related files:
Snippet definitions are functions that take a DOM element and manipulate it to supply it with additional functionality, including the ability to add Scrawl-canvas displays and animations to the DOM element
Example of how a Javascript module can import and use a snippet definition:
import scrawl from '../relative/or/absolute/path/to/scrawl.js';
import { mySnippet } from './relative/or/absolute/path/to/snippet/definition/file.js';
let myElements = document.querySelectorAll('.some-class');
myElements.forEach(el => mySnippet(el));
Snippet definition functions can be written in any way the developer sees fit - a developer could write a snippet definition so that it:
At a minimum, a snippet definition function will need to take a DOM element (or a pointer to it) as an argument. Note that Scrawl-canvas will manipulate the element in the following ways to make it work as a snippet:
For the sake of fellow developers, each snippet definition function should come with some documentation to explain:
Each of the following snippet definition functions could live in its own file; we can also bundle snippets together so that related snippets can be imported into another Javascript module using a single import statement in that file
Purpose: adds a spotlight effect to an element. When the user hovers the mouse over the element, a ‘spotlight’ gradient will track the mouse’s movements.
Function input:
Function output: a Javascript object will be returned, containing the following attributes
{
element // the Scrawl-canvas wrapper for the DOM element supplied to the function
canvas // the Scrawl-canvas wrapper for the snippet's canvas
animation // the Scrawl-canvas animation object
demolish // remove the snippet from the Scrawl-canvas library
}
import spotlightText from './relative/or/absolute/path/to/this/file.js';
let myElements = document.querySelectorAll('.some-class');
myElements.forEach(el => spotlightText(scrawl, el));
Effects on the element:
export default function (scrawl, el, args = {}) {
The snippet will accept an optional key:value Object as the second argument
white
lightgray
const spotlightColor = args.spotlightColor || 'white',
backgroundColor = args.backgroundColor || 'lightgray';
Apply the snippet to the DOM element
const snippet = scrawl.makeSnippet({
(required) The DOM element we are about to snippetize
domElement: el,
(optional) An array of animation hook functions with the following attributes
commence
- for an preparatory work required before the display cycle kicks offafterClear
- runs between the ‘clear’ and ‘compile’ stages of the display cycleafterCompile
- runs between the ‘compile’ and ‘show’ stages of the display cycleafterShow
- for any cleanup work required after the display cycle completeserror
- a function to run when an error in the display cycle occursFor this snippet, we’ll define and add an animation hook function after the animation object has been created
animationHooks: {},
(optional) Options we can supply for the IntersectionObserver. Defaults are usually good enough; changing the ‘threshold’ value is probably the most useful option to play with
observerSpecs: {},
(optional - default: true) Scrawl-canvas snippets don’t have to include a canvas!
includeCanvas: true,
(optional, and only useful if we are including a canvas) - canvas-specific options. The most useful attribute is (probably) fit, whose value can be one of: contain
, cover
, fill
, or none
(the default value)
canvasSpecs: {},
});
NOTE: makeSnippet() defines its own afterClear animation hook
Once the snippet is built, we can supply values to our previously defined variables
if (snippet) {
Set some convenience variables
const canvas = snippet.canvas,
animation = snippet.animation,
wrapper = snippet.element,
name = wrapper.name;
canvas.setAsCurrentCanvas();
Define the gradient
const spotlightGradient = scrawl.makeRadialGradient({
name: `${name}-gradient`,
startX: '50%',
startY: '50%',
endX: '50%',
endY: '50%',
endRadius: '20%',
})
.updateColor(0, spotlightColor)
.updateColor(999, backgroundColor);
This animation hook uses the variables and gradient we defined above
animation.commence = function () {
let active = false;
return function () {
if (canvas.here.active !== active) {
active = canvas.here.active;
The block entity swaps between the gradient and a color fill, dependent on user interaction
block.set({
lockTo: (active) ? 'mouse' : 'start',
fillStyle: (active) ? spotlightGradient : backgroundColor,
});
}
};
}();
Define the block which will (sometimes) display our spotlingt gradient
const block = scrawl.makeBlock({
name: `${name}-spotlight`,
width: '200%',
height: '200%',
startX: "50%",
startY: "50%",
handleX: "50%",
handleY: "50%",
fillStyle: backgroundColor,
lockFillStyleToEntity: true,
method: 'fill',
});
}
Return the snippet, so coders can access the snippet’s parts - in case they need to tweak the output to meet the web page’s specific requirements
return snippet;
}


Breadth-first Search
https://thecodingaddict.wordpress.com/2019/09/24/find-path-breadth-first-search-algorithm/
Grid size:
(Blue) Starting position (eg.[0,0]):
(Green) End position (eg.[0,0]):
Speed (ms):
Start
Click on a square to create/remove an obstacle


| DOSE: |
20 mg |
oral |
2C-I |
(powder / crystals) |
I waited until Monday morning for a few reasons. 1)I was on vacation and no one would be around and 2) This ensured that I had fasted for at least 12 hours. With that I will write my experience best I can while it is happening.
I am at T:45 now. I feel initial coming up but not a lot. Colors are a bit more vibrant and vision is a bit distorted but nothing real remarkable. With that I will explain preps while waiting to kick in more.
I eyed out what I believe to be 20 mg. This I mixed in a shot glass with some Mountain Dew. It dissolved after stirring for a bit and I took it like a shot of alcohol. This was at 8:30 am. Being a newbie to smaller chemicals I do not have a scale which I hear is a bad idea in cases such as this since the difference between 20 mg and a 25 mg trip is like night and day while the actual size of 5mg of powder is almost unnoticeable.
[Erowid Note: A volume amount of one powder doesn't necessarily weigh the same as the same volume of another powder. For substances active at such a small dose, eyeballing is particularly unwise. See related article].
T:58 mins. A bit nauseous, like gag reflex more then stomach. Slight tracers and confusion. A coworker just called to check in on something and I realized that conversation right now with someone straight is annoying. TV was on but I donít like it so I am switching to music.
Got a Pink Floyd techno remix on. It started off alright till it got to the techno part then I felt it was too much. May switch to regular Floyd but I will give this a shot first. The music helped as soon as I put it on things changed a lot. Except the visuals remain the same. Low and almost unnoticeable.
Things are a bit more noticeable now. It is dark in my house with only slight sunlight coming in through a window. Writing is easy as I love to write but am not a great typer. This seems to have changed as somehow typing is easier and spelling seems improved with less spell check.
I feel like I need more but I have read that this is a common mistake amongst 2C-I users that cannot wait to peak so no matter what I will continue on with the dose that I have taken as it is my first time.
T=1:10 From now on assume that I started at 0830 since I am having a hard time calculating time and just want to use my phone as a clock. Slightly more visuals, even in the dark. Woodgrain has always been my favorite while tripping and I see slight changes in my woodwork which is how I base visuals on.
I find myself getting into beats of music now almost so much that I begin to space off and find myself just bouncing to the groove.
I feel bored and restless. I think it is time for an excursion outside. I live in Hawaii and it is a beautiful day outside so I should enjoy the sunshine. Signing off for a while, while I experiment with this.
Ok T=2:00 I went outside where my neighbor just bought a new puppy. Cute puppy nice day and she has great tits to stare at. Hard time curtailing myself from screaming out ďLets have an Orgy as her friend showed up too. Typing is harder as is spelling. The visuals are more now but no patterns just morphing. Outside was nice but too damned bright. In here is much better.
I did puke. More like dry heaving and felt better. Guess that is standard. Infected Mushroom plays on the music now.  I find myself tripping out more and more instead of concentrating so I may just let it go. Wish there were more visuals but this is alright. The body high is enormous. A lot like LSD or E.
Music that I normally wouldnít like is really cool although adds to the confusion. I tripped out for a while there on the Media Player visual music thingy. That was cool. I feel like I am about to peak. I am not sure what peak will be. This has been pretty cool and I am both glad yet disappointed that I didnít do more. I am very hungry but do not want to eat yet. I have a few animals in the house. 2 Cats and a dog. I think I will play with them for a bit and see what becomes of it. I am restless but know better then to get in the car although the beach out here would be killer right now. Thatís it, shower time. My funky body needs one anyway and I bet that would be nice so talk to you after.
T=2:35 The shower was nice. Infected mushroom is on again a song called Tsunami. Itís cool. I donít know if I am peaking or not. Colors are a bit more vibrant as are the visuals. Wood grain although pretty, still does not have the visuals like Mushrooms or LSD. Other things morph slightly but not real significant. I am wondering if while eyeing this out I tapped onto 17 mg instead of 20 or so. I am not complaining though. Even at this level I am pleased with the outcome although definitely could handle a bit more.
The body high is similar to LSD as where it almost aches, and I am edgy, hands shaking and such.
 I ate 2 hot dogs and that seemed to suffice. Dances with Wolves came on the TV and I found it to be annoying. Strange I rather enjoy the movie itself but not right now. A person selling magazines came to the door. That I really didnít want to deal with so I sent her away. Maybe the 2C-I gods keep sending me all of these women to have my way with but I am too looped to even strike up a conversation let alone lead someone into any type of sexuality without actually spilling the fact that I am looped. Ok the mental seems to have kicked in a bit. I like this. Breathe by Pink Floyd is on and it is nice and relaxing for writing. The other music tends to space me out quickly and although enjoyable I do have a task at hand and that is to express my experience. It seems as though I am babbling but when I read back it is not that bad
I wish I had some weed although even if I did I could not smoke it. I take drug tests through work and well weed is one of those great things that stays in your system for oh lets say a freaking month!! So I have to restrain myself from the simplest pleasure in life but buring a fatty right about now would be a super boost.
The visuals have not increased any but the mental seems to have which I thoroughly enjoy. I am addicted to nicotine but do not smoke cancer sticks anymore. I chew Kodiak which right now isnít cutting it so I think I will venture outside again and smoke a clove. I donít really want to go outside because of my neighbors and the magazine girl out there somewhere. Maybe I will just play some Frisbee with the dog while I smoke. Sounds like a plan.
T=3:10 Outside is the same. Too bright for me right now although the clove and Frisbee were cool. Seems like I have reached a plateau. This is cool because it doesnít seem to be letting down at all. This stuff is strange as just when you think your maxed out something new comes around. Amazed at how long this actually lasts as usually after 3 hours I am peaking or coming down but slowly I still feel a climb albeit slight. I feel like I need to take a nap which would be a waste but I bet the thoughts would be cool so I may lay down for a bit and trip on the dog, after of course this Floyd song is over. I think it is called Time. Nice bongo drums. I want it to be louder but I bet this is screaming out of headphones now anyway so I restrain myself. I think what I want is to feel the bass. That would make sense as to why I am not satisfied with headphones alone. Hmmm interesting thought.
Although it tasted good the clove left a bad taste in my mouth. I may need to brush my teeth.
T=3:30 Wish I had the DVD Dark Side of the Rainbow. It is where you watch Wizard of Oz with Pink Floyd in the background. Itís pretty cool actually. Writing seems boring now and I may need another source of entertainment. I moved the music from headphones to actual speakers which are entirely different. Looks like the volcano on the Big Island is about erupt. That would be cool about now. But after this song I think I will play some guitar. Wish you were here plays on the computer. I have a slight headache. Same that I always get with hallucinogens. Not bad but annoying none the less. The visuals are fading but the mental is still intact.
Playing the guitar was nice although it just showed me how little I actually know. Alex Xenophone plays a Comfortable Numb remix on the computer now. I like this remix best of all of any of the Floyd remixes which is almost a sin in itself but it is a new generation.
T=4:30 All is wearing down now. Visuals are gone and I am somewhat sleepy. Monday night football starts in an hour as we are on a different time out here.
All in all I liked the experience. I will do it again although I will try a bigger dose by just a bit and may wait a week before doing so just to let my body get back to normal and so that I can get the full effects. I still feel it a bit but no where near my peak at 3 hours. Hope this helps anyone. My dose was perfect. Also I think that my 200lbs of ass could have made a difference compared to some 100lb girl or something so keep that in mind also. I like the new chemicals. Hope they stay somewhat legal to buy but I am certain that the FDA/DEA will catch on to this soon from what I have seen on the news lately. Good luck all. Be safe with all unknowns and peace out. See you on the other side
Captain Tripps
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


{$c{exam}->name}
-
{$c{total_pupils}}
Pupils -
Answers Left
Topic:
Type:
Level/Statement:
Marked:
Marks:
Marked By:


fun init(context: Context): Unit
Gives Injector context, registers Conscrypt provider for ssl communication, sets night mode according to settings.


In the cold, early midst of the morning while everyone is still asleep, Phil Dudum starts his day by hand selecting the freshest ingredients to bring to his loyal customers. Preparing to open the “Zoo” at 7am, the smell of doughnuts and freshly brewed coffee fills the air. George’s Zoo Liquor and Deli, located just a stroll away from the beach on Sloat Blvd, has been one of the only local business in the Sunset district that has been able to stay open for more than 30 years. Careful customer service is what sets this laid-back corner liquor store and café apart from the others.
“I don't feel like I have to dress up to go to the deli.”
— Adam Driver
“I like coffee because it gives me the illusion that I might be awake.”
— Lewis Black
“Too few people understand a really good sandwich.”
— James Beard
Hot Sandwiches
Roast Beef, Swiss, Avocado
Turkey, Bacon, Smoked Gouda
Corned Beef, Swiss, Sauerkraut, Thousand Island Dressing
BBQ Sauce, Any Meat & Cheese
Tuna Salad, Swiss
Pastrami, Swiss
Grilled Chicken & Bacon With Any Cheese
Grilled Chicken, Jack Cheese, Avocado
Grilled Chicken, Pesto, Cheese
Breaded Chicken, Provolone, Marinara
Breaded Chicken, Cheese, BBQ Sauce
Bacon, Lettuce, Tomato, Avocado
Veggie Sandwiches
Avocado, Feta, Roasted Bell Pepper, Cucumber
Double Veggie, Avocado, Italian Dressing, Cucumber, Feta
Pesto, Feta, Roasted Bell Pepper
Choose Any Cheese
Choose Three Cheeses
Melted Cheddar on toasted Sourdough, Avocado
Cold Sandwiches
Roasted Turkey, Chicken Salad, Jack Cheese
Pastrami, Chicken Salad, Gouda
Turkey, Avocado, Jack
Pastrami, Swiss, Pickles, Coleslaw
Ham, Salami, Turkey, Cheese
Mortadella, Ham, Salami, Cheese
Turkey, Cranberry, Haravti
Gourmet Coffee
100% Organic - Fair Trade Certified
Shot of Espresso & Foamed Milk
Espresso & Steamed Milk
Espresso & Hot Water
Espresso, Chocolate & Steamed Milk
Espresso, White Chocolate & Steamed Milk
Latté & Vanilla Syrup.
Mocha & Caramel syrup.
Breakfast Sandwiches
Served on English Muffins
English Muffin Sandwich
English Muffin Sandwich
English Muffin Sandwich
English Muffin Sandwich
English Muffin Sandwich
Zoo Muffins
Turkey, Swiss, Avocado, Tomato
Egg, Cheese, Sprouts, Avocado, Tomtato
Egg, BBQ Beef, Cheddar
Egg, Mortadella, Provolone
Egg, Cheese, Sausage, Potato
Other Deli Favorites
Egg, Cheese, Salsa, Potato
Bacon, Cheese, Mayo, Mustard, Lettuce, Pickles, Tomato, Red Onion
George's Zoo Liquor and Deli
© 2017 George's Zoo Liquor and Deli
Created by James Reynolds


The part of the body that makes insulin
A hormone that lowers blood glucose levels
Major source of energy for the body’s cells. It mainly comes from the foods we eat
Yay!! You are Correct! :)
Please Try Again :(
Please Select one!


Google is plotting a move into banking
Do-it-all tech giant will offer current accounts through Google Pay
by INQUIRER staffDO-IT-ALL Google is reportedly planning a move into banking with the introduction of current accounts that will be operated through Google Pay.
The service, which is expected to launch next year, will be offered in partnership with Citigroup and a credit union at Stanford University, according to the Wall Street Journal. It's not known, yet, whether the company plans to offer banking services outside of the US.
"We're exploring how we can partner with banks and credit unions in the US to offer smart checking accounts through Google Pay, helping their customers benefit from useful insights and budgeting tools, while keeping their money in an FDIC or NCUA-insured account," a Google spokesperson confirmed in a statement
The current account service will enable customers to use Google's analytic tools to their banking products.
The project, codenamed Cache, is the latest example of a big technology firm moving into consumer finance - a broad area encompassing bank accounts, brokerage accounts, digital payment apps, loans, and other services.
Tech firms including Facebook, Google, Amazon and Apple view financial services as a potential new source of services revenue and an opportunity to strengthen their ties with customers.
So far, Google's most noticeable success in financial services has been in India, where Google Pay is used by nearly 67 million users each month. Moving into financial services could also provide Google new information for their advertising business, helping it to track ads that actually lead to purchases.
In June, Facebook proposed a new global cryptocurrency named Libra that it plans to launch in the first half of 2020 - despite opposition from authorities in the US and elsewhere, which led to the withdrawal of several key partners.
Amazon has been offering loans to small businesses since 2011. The company launched a credit card with JP Morgan Chase in 2017 and is currently working on plans to introduce checking accounts for customers.
Apple has also joined forces with Goldman Sachs to introduce a credit card for customers, which followed the launch of its now widely-used Apple Pay service in 2014.
And last month, ride-hailing giant Uber announced plans to launch a new division, called Uber Money, which will include a digital wallet and upgraded debit and credit cards. µ
Further reading
Google's 'Project Nightingale' is already being probed by US regulators
- 13 Nov 2019
Google secretly swallowed health data of 'tens of millions' of Americans
- 12 Nov 2019
Google Stadia will launch with a dozen disappointing games
- 12 Nov 2019
Chronicle sits in Google Cloud that sits in Alphabet, and that's not working
- 11 Nov 2019


SEEDS Smartcontract documentation
Welcome to the SEEDS smartcontract documentation library.
Here you will find all about the existing contracts and how you can call them on you blockchain application.
Index
- seeds.accounts / accounts.html For most account interactions, including promoting from visitor to citizen, vouching, rewards and user ranking.
- seeds.acctcreator / acctcreator.html Focused on TELOS account creation and binding to SEEDS account. (Not used right now)
- seeds.escrow / escrow.html SEEDS escrow contract to keep currency reserves, with time locks and event locks.
- seeds.exchange / exchange.html The exchange contract is responsible for selling SEEDS in rounds and keeping reference TLOS/SEEDS pricing.
- seeds.forum / forum.html The forum contract implements a rankable forum used for resident proposal discussions.
- seeds.gratitude / gratitude.html
- seeds.guardians / guardians.html
- seeds.harvest / harvest.html This contract implements the Harvest protocol to distribute SEEDS based on the monetary variation.
- seeds.history / history.html The history contract keeps all stats and metrics for the evolution of citizens, orgs and transactions, generating data used by other contracts.
- seeds.onboarding / onboarding.html The onboarding contract is responsible for generating invites for new individual users, bioregions and also organizations.
- seeds.organization / organization.html The main contract used for managing organizations, scores and apps.
- seeds.policy / policy.html A contract for managing SEEDS policy creation and updates.
- seeds.pouch / pouch.html
- seeds.proposals / proposals.html The contract for dealing with SEEDS governance proposals, and voting rules.
- seeds.referendums / referendums.html A contract for managing SEEDS constitution referendum creation and updates.
- seeds.region / region.html
- seeds.scheduler / scheduler.html A general contract for time based contract execution scheduling that can be based on moon cycles.
- seeds.service / service.html
- seeds.settings / settings.html The SEEDS settings contract with all values that can be changed by referendums.
- seeds.token / token.html The main SEEDS token contract.


|
Wayland Client API
1.16.0
|
#include <wayland-client-protocol.h>
Data Fields | |
| void(* | enter )(void *data, struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer, uint32_t serial, struct wl_surface *surface, wl_fixed_t surface_x, wl_fixed_t surface_y) |
| enter event More... | |
| void(* | leave )(void *data, struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer, uint32_t serial, struct wl_surface *surface) |
| leave event More... | |
| void(* | motion )(void *data, struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer, uint32_t time, wl_fixed_t surface_x, wl_fixed_t surface_y) |
| pointer motion event More... | |
| void(* | button )(void *data, struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer, uint32_t serial, uint32_t time, uint32_t button, uint32_t state) |
| pointer button event More... | |
| void(* | axis )(void *data, struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer, uint32_t time, uint32_t axis, wl_fixed_t value) |
| axis event More... | |
| void(* | frame )(void *data, struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer) |
| end of a pointer event sequence More... | |
| void(* | axis_source )(void *data, struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer, uint32_t axis_source) |
| axis source event More... | |
| void(* | axis_stop )(void *data, struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer, uint32_t time, uint32_t axis) |
| axis stop event More... | |
| void(* | axis_discrete )(void *data, struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer, uint32_t axis, int32_t discrete) |
| axis click event More... | |
| void(* wl_pointer_listener::axis) (void *data, struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer, uint32_t time, uint32_t axis, wl_fixed_t value) |
axis event
Scroll and other axis notifications.
For scroll events (vertical and horizontal scroll axes), the value parameter is the length of a vector along the specified axis in a coordinate space identical to those of motion events, representing a relative movement along the specified axis.
For devices that support movements non-parallel to axes multiple axis events will be emitted.
When applicable, for example for touch pads, the server can choose to emit scroll events where the motion vector is equivalent to a motion event vector.
When applicable, a client can transform its content relative to the scroll distance.
| time | timestamp with millisecond granularity |
| axis | axis type |
| value | length of vector in surface-local coordinate space |
| void(* wl_pointer_listener::axis_discrete) (void *data, struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer, uint32_t axis, int32_t discrete) |
axis click event
Discrete step information for scroll and other axes.
This event carries the axis value of the wl_pointer.axis event in discrete steps (e.g. mouse wheel clicks).
This event does not occur on its own, it is coupled with a wl_pointer.axis event that represents this axis value on a continuous scale. The protocol guarantees that each axis_discrete event is always followed by exactly one axis event with the same axis number within the same wl_pointer.frame. Note that the protocol allows for other events to occur between the axis_discrete and its coupled axis event, including other axis_discrete or axis events.
This event is optional; continuous scrolling devices like two-finger scrolling on touchpads do not have discrete steps and do not generate this event.
The discrete value carries the directional information. e.g. a value of -2 is two steps towards the negative direction of this axis.
The axis number is identical to the axis number in the associated axis event.
The order of wl_pointer.axis_discrete and wl_pointer.axis_source is not guaranteed.
| axis | axis type |
| discrete | number of steps |
| void(* wl_pointer_listener::axis_source) (void *data, struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer, uint32_t axis_source) |
axis source event
Source information for scroll and other axes.
This event does not occur on its own. It is sent before a wl_pointer.frame event and carries the source information for all events within that frame.
The source specifies how this event was generated. If the source is wl_pointer.axis_source.finger, a wl_pointer.axis_stop event will be sent when the user lifts the finger off the device.
If the source is wl_pointer.axis_source.wheel, wl_pointer.axis_source.wheel_tilt or wl_pointer.axis_source.continuous, a wl_pointer.axis_stop event may or may not be sent. Whether a compositor sends an axis_stop event for these sources is hardware-specific and implementation-dependent; clients must not rely on receiving an axis_stop event for these scroll sources and should treat scroll sequences from these scroll sources as unterminated by default.
This event is optional. If the source is unknown for a particular axis event sequence, no event is sent. Only one wl_pointer.axis_source event is permitted per frame.
The order of wl_pointer.axis_discrete and wl_pointer.axis_source is not guaranteed.
| axis_source | source of the axis event |
| void(* wl_pointer_listener::axis_stop) (void *data, struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer, uint32_t time, uint32_t axis) |
axis stop event
Stop notification for scroll and other axes.
For some wl_pointer.axis_source types, a wl_pointer.axis_stop event is sent to notify a client that the axis sequence has terminated. This enables the client to implement kinetic scrolling. See the wl_pointer.axis_source documentation for information on when this event may be generated.
Any wl_pointer.axis events with the same axis_source after this event should be considered as the start of a new axis motion.
The timestamp is to be interpreted identical to the timestamp in the wl_pointer.axis event. The timestamp value may be the same as a preceding wl_pointer.axis event.
| time | timestamp with millisecond granularity |
| axis | the axis stopped with this event |
| void(* wl_pointer_listener::button) (void *data, struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer, uint32_t serial, uint32_t time, uint32_t button, uint32_t state) |
pointer button event
Mouse button click and release notifications.
The location of the click is given by the last motion or enter event. The time argument is a timestamp with millisecond granularity, with an undefined base.
The button is a button code as defined in the Linux kernel's linux/input-event-codes.h header file, e.g. BTN_LEFT.
Any 16-bit button code value is reserved for future additions to the kernel's event code list. All other button codes above 0xFFFF are currently undefined but may be used in future versions of this protocol.
| serial | serial number of the button event |
| time | timestamp with millisecond granularity |
| button | button that produced the event |
| state | physical state of the button |
| void(* wl_pointer_listener::enter) (void *data, struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer, uint32_t serial, struct wl_surface *surface, wl_fixed_t surface_x, wl_fixed_t surface_y) |
enter event
Notification that this seat's pointer is focused on a certain surface.
When a seat's focus enters a surface, the pointer image is undefined and a client should respond to this event by setting an appropriate pointer image with the set_cursor request.
| serial | serial number of the enter event |
| surface | surface entered by the pointer |
| surface_x | surface-local x coordinate |
| surface_y | surface-local y coordinate |
| void(* wl_pointer_listener::frame) (void *data, struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer) |
end of a pointer event sequence
Indicates the end of a set of events that logically belong together. A client is expected to accumulate the data in all events within the frame before proceeding.
All wl_pointer events before a wl_pointer.frame event belong logically together. For example, in a diagonal scroll motion the compositor will send an optional wl_pointer.axis_source event, two wl_pointer.axis events (horizontal and vertical) and finally a wl_pointer.frame event. The client may use this information to calculate a diagonal vector for scrolling.
When multiple wl_pointer.axis events occur within the same frame, the motion vector is the combined motion of all events. When a wl_pointer.axis and a wl_pointer.axis_stop event occur within the same frame, this indicates that axis movement in one axis has stopped but continues in the other axis. When multiple wl_pointer.axis_stop events occur within the same frame, this indicates that these axes stopped in the same instance.
A wl_pointer.frame event is sent for every logical event group, even if the group only contains a single wl_pointer event. Specifically, a client may get a sequence: motion, frame, button, frame, axis, frame, axis_stop, frame.
The wl_pointer.enter and wl_pointer.leave events are logical events generated by the compositor and not the hardware. These events are also grouped by a wl_pointer.frame. When a pointer moves from one surface to another, a compositor should group the wl_pointer.leave event within the same wl_pointer.frame. However, a client must not rely on wl_pointer.leave and wl_pointer.enter being in the same wl_pointer.frame. Compositor-specific policies may require the wl_pointer.leave and wl_pointer.enter event being split across multiple wl_pointer.frame groups.
| void(* wl_pointer_listener::leave) (void *data, struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer, uint32_t serial, struct wl_surface *surface) |
leave event
Notification that this seat's pointer is no longer focused on a certain surface.
The leave notification is sent before the enter notification for the new focus.
| serial | serial number of the leave event |
| surface | surface left by the pointer |
| void(* wl_pointer_listener::motion) (void *data, struct wl_pointer *wl_pointer, uint32_t time, wl_fixed_t surface_x, wl_fixed_t surface_y) |
pointer motion event
Notification of pointer location change. The arguments surface_x and surface_y are the location relative to the focused surface.
| time | timestamp with millisecond granularity |
| surface_x | surface-local x coordinate |
| surface_y | surface-local y coordinate |