The pattern of bowel movement frequency is an individual trait. Some people have a bowel movement every day, while others have one every other day or every third day. While any of these patterns may be normal for you, an important warning signal is when the pattern of your bowel movements suddenly changes. This is true whether they become more frequent or less frequent: It means that something is disturbing the normal function of the colon. In serious cases, that something could be cancer.
Another warning signal is a change in the diameter of the bowel movement. Usually the diameter of the formed stool that is passed reflects the diameter of the colon. A narrowing of the colon brought on by a constricting growth such as cancer may cause the stool to become consistently narrow in diameter.
Since early evaluation increases the chance of a cure for colon cancer or other diseases of the intestines, being sensitive to such minor changes in your body’s function may save your life. When these occur, see your doctor. (See Appendix C, page 374, about early detection of cancer in the GI tract.)
Severe or prolonged diarrhea can cause such severe dehydration (fluid loss) and loss of essential minerals that intravenous fluids and the replacement of minerals are needed on an emergency basis. Vomiting at the same time as the bout of diarrhea puts you at an even greater risk of dehydration. Also, emergency treatment may be needed even earlier in infants, the elderly, or people with chronic heart or kidney problems.
Sudden and severe infectious diarrhea can be caused by many different bacteria (Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Shigella) or by other germs called protozoans (Entamoeba, Giardia, and Cryptosporidia).
One of the most severe types of life-threatening diarrhea is called pseudomembranous colitis, which is caused by a toxin from the Clostridium difficile bacterium. This type of diarrhea is often thick with blood and mucus and may look as though you are shedding the lining of your colon. It can result in dehydration accompanied by extreme toxicity, and may lead to death. This condition can also be caused by an antibiotic you’ve taken for an infection someplace else in your body—it may kill the normal bacteria that live in your colon, thus promoting the growth of the bacterium that causes pseudomembranous colitis.
Another bacterium that causes diarrhea is E. coli. Epidemics caused by one of the strains of E. coli result from eating undercooked beef or ingesting water that has been contaminated. Also, though it is rare in the Western world, one of the most dangerous and infectious types of diarrhea is cholera. Before traveling abroad, particularly to developing countries, check with your local health department to find out about the appropriate preventive measures. Of course, if you have diarrhea and have traveled out of the country, it is very important to let your doctor know your travel history. In addition to germs, many illnesses can cause severe diarrhea.
In all cases of diarrhea you can become dehydrated (feeling dizzy, weak, etc.) and lose essential minerals, such as potassium. Therefore it is always important to replenish fluids and minerals as well as to diagnose the underlying cause of the diarrhea. Diarrhea that persists, contains blood, causes weight loss, is associated with fever, and/or wakes you up at night needs to be assessed by a physician immediately. If the dehydration progresses to the point that you feel dizzy when you sit up or stand up, or urine output stops altogether, call 911 or have someone take you to an emergency room immediately for evaluation and treatment.
After digestion is completed in the stomach and small intestine, food residues arrive in the colon. The colon is a muscular, walled tube five to six feet in length. It conserves body water by removing 90 percent of the water from the food residues (fecal material) as they pass through. If the transit time in the colon is too slow, too much water is removed, and the feces become hard. If the transit time is too fast, the fecal material will come out as diarrhea.
Constipation may be caused by weak muscles in the wall of the colon. Some individuals inherit this trait, while others weaken the muscles of the colon wall by using laxatives so frequently that they become dependent on them. Many medications, including certain ones for pain and blood pressure and those containing iron, can also lead to constipation. More serious potential causes include hypothyroidism (low thyroid gland function), many diseases of the colon, and cancer, all of which need to be tested for by a doctor. Early treatment of the underlying illness can often prevent serious complications.
Measures to relieve constipation are directed at improving the colon’s ability to propel material through it. For example, increased water consumption helps prevent the fecal material from becoming too hard. Stool softeners also help. Some laxatives stimulate the colon wall to squeeze fecal material through more easily, while others irritate the bowel lining, which prompts the flow of water back into the colon to aid the flow of fecal material. The latter type of laxative is less desirable because it further weakens the bowel wall. The dietary fiber present in vegetables, grain, fruits, and pectin-containing fruit juices like prune juice, or in powder supplements can help facilitate the movement of feces through the colon, as can exercise.
If you have a bowel movement less often than every three days, or if you have experienced any change in your bowel patterns, see your doctor for an evaluation to determine the underlying cause.
The bowel can be blocked either in the small intestine or in the large intestine. When it is blocked, fecal material and gas will back up. As the bowel attempts to force material through the blockage, you will experience severe cramping belly pain. If the location of the blockage is high up in the small bowel, vomiting will occur early on. If the blockage is low in the colon, vomiting will occur late or not at all.
Prior abdominal surgery is the most frequent cause of bowel obstruction. Scar tissue or adhesions occur after such surgery. Often these adhesions are “bandlike,” stretching from one organ to another. These “bands” may cause entrapment of a loop of the bowel, kinking it sufficiently to block it. When left untreated, the entanglement may cut off blood circulation to the bowel wall, causing gangrene of the loop of bowel that is entrapped. If the blockage is not relieved by surgery, death can occur.
Colon blockage can also be caused by cancerous growths, severe inflammation and infection of the colon, and from thick, solid, hard stools accumulating in the rectum (an impaction). Impactions are commonly treated with enemas, but if this proves unsuccessful, blockages can often be removed by a health professional sticking a gloved finger up the rectum and carefully removing the hardened stools. This condition is more common in senior citizens or dehydrated bedridden patients.
If you are experiencing the symptoms of bowel obstruction, you should seek immediate medical attention.


address 联系信息
name:Jon Doe.
Num is
Written by Donald Duck.
Visit us at:
Example.com
Box 564, Disneyland
USA


I have a setup where i am collecting data over ethernet from my solar inverter and posting these to my loacl emoncms on RPi. I do this in a bash script by a curl command like:
curl " http://<ip-adreess-of loac emoncms>/.../port?json{inv-gen:$bash-variable&api.........."
I also have inputs fra my RFM12pi collecting data from som Funky sensors in the house.
When I open inputs/feeds in www.emoncms.org the inputs/feeds from the RFM12pi is shown. The inputs/feeds that originate from my bash script is not show.
is there a place here I can set these bash script originating inputs to replicate from my local emoncms to emoncms.org?
Re: Not all Inputs/feeds are transfered from local emoncms to emoncms.org
Currently, the Pi (optionally) sends data to a remote server when received through the RF.
That is, there is a module that manages the RF, which both
- adds data directly to local emoncms (php functions -> DB access) and
- sends it to the remote server (http GET)
When sending data to the local server the way you do (http request), you walk around that module.
The simplest you could do, I think, is to duplicate each line in your bash script to send your samples to both local and remote emoncms at once.
Re: Not all Inputs/feeds are transfered from local emoncms to emoncms.org
Ohhh so now i understand why.
I thought that it was the local emoncms that forwarded inputs to emoncms.org. As I will make more and more inputs that doesn't come from the RFM12pi i would be very interested in such a forwarding feature of the local emoncms. Is that a planned feature?
Re: Not all Inputs/feeds are transfered from local emoncms to emoncms.org
To my knowledge, it is not. It would be feasible, I guess.


Sometimes, there are different steps to getting even a simple task done. Use Coordel to define the order in which a task's deliverables (or steps) will be executed.
When creating a task or delegating one to someone else, you can make sure the task's steps are executed in the correct order by indicating what deliverables block others. When you go to the Task Workspace of that task, only unblocked deliverables can be worked on. When you have completed one step, click "Save," and the next step will appear. Watch the header of the Task Workspace to see how many total steps there are.


The MPI::Comm class hierarchy makes explicit the different kinds of communicators implicitly defined by MPI and allows them to be strongly typed. Since the original design of MPI defined only one type of handle for all types of communicators, the following clarifications are provided for the C++ design.
Types of communicators There are six different types of communicators:
MPI::Comm,
MPI::Intercomm,
MPI::Intracomm,
MPI::Cartcomm,
MPI::Graphcomm, and
MPI::Distgraphcomm.
MPI::Comm is the abstract base communicator class,
encapsulating the functionality common to all MPI
communicators.
MPI::Intercomm and
MPI::Intracomm are derived from MPI::Comm.
MPI::Cartcomm,
MPI::Graphcomm, and
MPI::Distgraphcomm
are derived from MPI::Intracomm.
Initializing a derived class with an instance of a base class is
not legal in C++. For instance, it is not legal to initialize
a Cartcomm from an Intracomm. Moreover, because MPI::Comm
is an abstract base class, it is non-instantiable, so that it is
not possible to have an object of class MPI::Comm. However, it
is possible to have a reference or a pointer to an MPI::Comm.
MPI::COMM_NULL The specific type of MPI::COMM_NULL is implementation
dependent. MPI::COMM_NULL must be able to be used in
comparisons and initializations with all types of communicators.
MPI::COMM_NULL must also be able to be passed to a
function that expects a communicator argument in the parameter list
(provided that MPI::COMM_NULL is an allowed value for the
communicator argument).
There are several possibilities for implementation of
MPI::COMM_NULL. Specifying its required behavior, rather
than its realization, provides maximum flexibility to implementors.
( End of rationale.)
Dup() is not defined as a member function
of MPI::Comm, but it is defined for the derived
classes of MPI::Comm. Dup() is not virtual and
it returns its
OUT parameter
by value.
MPI::Comm::Clone() The C++ language interface for MPI includes a new function
Clone(). MPI::Comm::Clone() is a pure virtual
function. For the derived communicator classes, Clone()
behaves like Dup() except that it returns a new object by
reference. The Clone() functions are prototyped as follows:
Comm& Comm::Clone() const = 0
Clone() provides the ``virtual dup'' functionality that is
expected by C++ programmers and library writers. Since
Clone() returns a new object by reference, users are
responsible for eventually deleting the object. A new name is
introduced rather than changing the functionality of Dup().
( End of rationale.)
Within their class declarations, prototypes for Clone() and
Dup() would look like the following:
( End of advice to implementors.)
Advice to users.
Example
The following code is erroneous.
Intracomm intra = MPI::COMM_WORLD.Dup();
Cartcomm cart(intra); // This is erroneous
( End of advice to users.)
Rationale.
Example
The following example demonstrates the behavior of assignment and
comparison using MPI::COMM_NULL.
MPI::Intercomm comm;
comm = MPI::COMM_NULL; // assign with COMM_NULL
if (comm == MPI::COMM_NULL) // true
cout << "comm is NULL" << endl;
if (MPI::COMM_NULL == comm) // note -- a different function!
cout << "comm is still NULL" << endl;
Intracomm& Intracomm::Clone() const
Intercomm& Intercomm::Clone() const
Cartcomm& Cartcomm::Clone() const
Graphcomm& Graphcomm::Clone() const
Distgraphcomm& Distgraphcomm::Clone() const
Rationale.
Advice
to implementors.
Up: C++
Next: Exceptions
Previous: C++ Datatypes
Return to MPI-2.2 Standard Index
Return to MPI Forum Home Page
(Unofficial) MPI-2.2 of September 4, 2009
HTML Generated on September 10, 2009


Find notes from SXSW talks.
Found 2 sessions with 10 notes
-
4:30 pm, Thurs
Debating Internships: The Value of Unpaid Work
When Eric Glatt sued Fox Searchlight Pictures and won, the media took notice. More than a dozen lawsuits quickly followed from disgruntled interns at other companies. Some employers have responded by cancelling their internship programs. What is the true value of unpaid work?
Presenters: George Glatt (Georgia University Law Center), Heather Carmichael (Kheller Communica...
More from theme: Work and Career
-
4:30 pm, Thurs
The Narrative Debate in Game Design
The debate surrounding narratives in games generally centers around player agency and interactivity. Some believe narratives enrich games, while others wish for purely system-based experiences. What is the future of narratives in games given a lack of writing quality and seemingly growing desire for...
Presenters: George Glatt (Georgia University Law Center), Heather Carmichael (Kheller Communica...
More from theme: SXSW Gaming and Create
More Recommendations for you:
-
4:30 pm, Thurs
Lorem Ipsum dolor
The debate surrounding narratives in games generally centers around player agency and interactivity. Some believe narratives enrich games, while others wish for purely system-based experiences. What is the future of narratives in games given a lack of writing quality and seemingly growing desire for...
Presenters: George Glatt (Georgia University Law Center), Heather Carmichael (Kheller Communica...
More from theme: SXSW Gaming and Create
-
4:30 pm, Thurs
Lorem Ipsum dolor
The debate surrounding narratives in games generally centers around player agency and interactivity. Some believe narratives enrich games, while others wish for purely system-based experiences. What is the future of narratives in games given a lack of writing quality and seemingly growing desire for...
Presenters: George Glatt (Georgia University Law Center), Heather Carmichael (Kheller Communica...
More from theme: SXSW Gaming and Create


| First Name: | Last Name: | Age Range: |
|---|---|---|
| Bob | Dumbar | 31-49 |
| Carol | Cooper | 50+ |
| Kim | Kim | under 12 |
| Address: | Username: | Email: |
|---|---|---|
| 123 E Central St, Ding Dong TX 76542 | bobternation123 |<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|
| 535 Tolomo Rd, Bat Cave NC28792 | carol123girlpower |<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|
| 2891 Hipps Hollow Rd, Eau Clair MI49111 | kimsquared2416 |<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|


My Letters
DATE:jan 2017
How to teach children in a simple way. It was designed in away to be suitable for both visual and blind children. an emposed technique and bright color was used.
How to teach children in a simple way. It was designed in away to be suitable for both visual and blind children. an emposed technique and bright color was used.


“We are a team. This is a Catholic School. The Word is the Word. To do it as a team is what it is all about. BC is a family.”
“Especially at BC, we all have the problem of putting up a façade of success and happiness...so that’s what inspires me to continue this project.”
“On the exterior of the building, the roof, windows, and cast stone will be replaced, and the interior, including elevators and floor and wall framing...”


Simple
Extended
Faceted
Extended search not implemented yet...
Faceted search not implemented yet...


HTML/CSS
Design Material UI/UX
Animation effect card CSS
I had fun at creates an animation in the overview of this card, giving him up with a transition effect. I got inspiration from a tutorial on the web and I meet at best the BEN convention.
I had fun at creates an animation in the overview of this card, giving him up with a transition effect. I got inspiration from a tutorial on the web and I meet at best the BEN convention.


The format of MDW automated test process result files is the same for both actual and expected results. These are compared after test execution to determine success or failure.
The general format for MDW test results is YAML. Each yaml asset represents at least one master process instance along with its subprocesses, sorted by process name. In an actual results yaml file, the instance ID for each process is included in a (#-delimited) comment on the same line. Here's an example results file from mdwdemo:
process: # 13059 name: HandleOrder instance: 1 activity: # 1 "2016-02-12 13:24:10" name: Start status: Completed activity: # 3 "2016-02-12 13:24:10" name: | Prepare Lookup Request status: Completed activity: # 5 "2016-02-12 13:24:10" name: | Customer Lookup status: Completed activity: # 6 "2016-02-12 13:24:15" name: Manual Ack status: Completed activity: # 2 "2016-02-12 13:24:40" name: Stop status: Completed variable: # 18748 name: ackDate value: ${today} variable: # 18745 name: acknowledged value: true variable: # 18743 name: customerId value: DHO115360 variable: # 18746 name: customerLookupRequest value: | <tns:GetEmployee xmlns:tns="http://mdw-servicemix.centurylink.com/serviceTypes"> <tns:sapId>DHO115360</tns:sapId> </tns:GetEmployee> variable: # 18747 name: customerLookupResponse value: | <GetEmployeeResponse xmlns="http://mdw-servicemix.centurylink.com/serviceTypes"> <sapId>DHO115360</sapId> <workstationId>dxoakes</workstationId> <firstName>Donald</firstName> <lastName>Oakes</lastName> </GetEmployeeResponse> variable: # 18749 name: customerName value: Donald Oakes variable: # 18744 name: orderNumber value: ${masterRequestId} variable: # 18742 name: request value: | <donsOrder> <orderNumber>${masterRequestId}</orderNumber> <customerId>DHO115360</customerId> </donsOrder>
Within a process structure are elements for each activity executed for this instance. Each activity structure shows its name and end-state status. The path that a workflow process instance took can be reconstructed from this information, so its a reliable indication of whether the expected flow actually occurred. For activities the values after the comment flag indicate the logical ID and instance ID (not relevant for comparison but useful for investigating failures).
The variables set by a process are also included as elements of that process. The variable structure includes name and value elements. The values can contain placeholders for dynamic content, as illustrated by ${today} and ${masterRequestId} in the example above. See Dynamic Values for an explanation of this syntax.
Variable instance lines are sorted by variable name to produce a predictable result.As discussed in Verify Message Response, it's a good idea to externalize the expected response content to a result asset. This asset can contain XML, JSON, or any other text-based content. Frequently you'll need to embed dynamic values in your expected response file so that comparison with the actual response will succeed. This is accomplished using dynamic placeholders as described below.
Dynamic values can be referenced in the expected result file using the form ${myDynamicValue}. These are evaluated using the standard Groovy expression syntax. The this object in an evaluation context is an instance of GroovyTestCaseScript, with bindings supplied from any variables declared in your test case script. Certain built-in values are also available:
${masterRequestId}
(String) - always populated with either the default generated value or the value assigned in the test case script${masterProcessInstance}
(ProcessInstanceVO) - populated when "verify process" is executed${responseMessage}
(String) - raw response value for most recent "send" commandThese implicit variables are accessible using standard Java Bean conventions. For example, to access the master process instance ID you'd use an expression like:
${masterProcessInstance.id}
Groovy shorthand notation is also supported, so to access a process variable value you can use:
${masterProcessInstance.variable['myVar']}
In the case of process results, there may be rare occasions when a variable value is unknowable ahead of time. In that case, you can insert the comment character immediately to the right of the variable name in the expected results file to ignore its value altogether when comparing:
variable: # 18749 name: customerName value: Donald Oakes VAR variable-name #
There may be occasions where the only thing knowable about a result is its general format (numeric, XML, etc). Java Regular expressions can be used to support more complex dynamicism. Anything between ${~ and } is evaluated as a regular expression (regex). Note: Because of the way results comparison operates, a maximum of one regular expression is allowed per line, and the expression will not match across multiple lines. Here are some examples:
<workstationId>${~d\D}oakes</workstationId> <firstName>${~Don.*}</firstName> <lastName>${~O.*s}</lastName>This will match with following:
<workstationId>dxoakes</workstationId> <firstName>Donald</firstName> <lastName>Oakes</lastName>
In Designer, if verbose output is selected in the test launch dialog you'll see the substituted expected results in the Test Exec view output pane when you click on the test case. This is logged along with the actual results to help you troubleshoot a failing test case. You can also log your own output to this window using STDOUT:
println 'myVar variable value: ' + masterProcessInstance.variable['inputVar'] assert masterProcessInstance.variable['inputVar'] == 'my input variable runtime value'


public interface MetricRegistry
| Modifier and Type | Interface and Description |
|---|---|
static interface |
MetricRegistry.Builder
Builder class for the
MetricRegistry . |
LongGauge.Builder longGaugeBuilder(String name)
LongGauge
to be added to the registry. This is more convenient
form when you want to manually increase and decrease values as per your service requirements.name
- the name of the metric.LongGauge.Builder
.NullPointerException
- if name
is null.IllegalArgumentException
- if different metric with the same name already registered.DoubleGauge.Builder doubleGaugeBuilder(String name)
DoubleGauge
to be added to the registry. This is more
convenient form when you want to manually increase and decrease values as per your service
requirements.name
- the name of the metric.DoubleGauge.Builder
.NullPointerException
- if name
is null.IllegalArgumentException
- if different metric with the same name already registered.DerivedLongGauge.Builder derivedLongGaugeBuilder(String name)
DerivedLongGauge
to be added to the registry. This is more
convenient form when you want to define a gauge by executing a ToLongFunction
on an
object.name
- the name of the metric.DerivedLongGauge.Builder
.NullPointerException
- if name
is null.IllegalArgumentException
- if different metric with the same name already registered.DerivedDoubleGauge.Builder derivedDoubleGaugeBuilder(String name)
DerivedDoubleGauge
to be added to the registry. This is more
convenient form when you want to define a gauge by executing a ToDoubleFunction
on an
object.name
- the name of the metric.DerivedDoubleGauge.Builder
.NullPointerException
- if name
is null.IllegalArgumentException
- if different metric with the same name already registered.DoubleCumulative.Builder doubleCumulativeBuilder(String name)
DoubleCumulative
to be added to the registry. This is a more
convenient form when you want to manually increase values as per your service requirements.name
- the name of the metric.DoubleCumulative.Builder
.NullPointerException
- if name
is null.IllegalArgumentException
- if different metric with the same name already registered.DerivedDoubleCumulative.Builder derivedDoubleCumulativeBuilder(String name)
DerivedDoubleCumulative
to be added to the registry. This is a
more convenient form when you want to define a cumulative by executing a ToDoubleFunction
on an object.name
- the name of the metric.DerivedDoubleCumulative.Builder
.NullPointerException
- if name
is null.IllegalArgumentException
- if different metric with the same name already registered.LongCumulative.Builder longCumulativeBuilder(String name)
LongCumulative
to be added to the registry. This is a more
convenient form when you want to manually increase values as per your service requirements.name
- the name of the metric.LongCumulative.Builder
.NullPointerException
- if name
is null.IllegalArgumentException
- if different metric with the same name already registered.DerivedLongCumulative.Builder derivedLongCumulativeBuilder(String name)
DerivedLongCumulative
to be added to the registry. This is a
more convenient form when you want to define a cumulative by executing a ToLongFunction
on an object.name
- the name of the metric.DerivedLongCumulative.Builder
.NullPointerException
- if name
is null.IllegalArgumentException
- if different metric with the same name already registered.


SerializedPage Wire Format#
Presto uses SerializedPage binary columnar format for exchanging data between stages.
The data can be compressed, encrypted and include a checksum. The layout is a header followed by a number of columns, followed by individual columns.
Header#
The header includes:
Field |
Size |
|---|---|
Number of rows |
4 bytes |
Codec |
1 byte |
Uncompressed size |
4 bytes |
Size |
4 bytes |
Checksum |
8 bytes |
Codec is a set of flags, one bit per flag. * 1st bit set if data is compressed * 2nd bit set if data is encrypted * 3rd bit set if checksum is included
Size is the size of the payload after the header. If data is not compressed, size and uncompressed size are the same. If data is compressed, size is the size of the compressed data and uncompressed size is the size of the data before compression.
Checksum is an CRC32 computed over the following bytes in the specified order: * Data after the header * Codec (1 byte) * Number of rows (4 bytes) * Uncompressed size (4 bytes) Checksum must be zero if codec doesn’t have Checksummed bit set.
Note: Number of columns is not part of the header. It is stored in 4 bytes directly after the header.
Columns#
Each column starts with a header. The data follows.
Column Header#
The column header specifies the encoding of the column.
Length of the encoding name - 4 bytes
Name of the encoding
The supported encodings and mappings for Presto types are:
Encoding Name |
Presto Types |
|---|---|
BYTE_ARRAY |
BOOLEAN, TINYINT, UNKNOWN |
SHORT_ARRAY |
SMALLINT |
INT_ARRAY |
INTEGER, REAL |
LONG_ARRAY |
BIGINT, DOUBLE, TIMESTAMP |
INT128_ARRAY |
Not used |
VARIABLE_WIDTH |
VARCHAR, VARBINARY |
ARRAY |
ARRAY |
MAP |
MAP |
MAP_ELEMENT |
n/a |
ROW |
ROW |
DICTIONARY |
n/a |
RLE |
n/a |
See presto-common/src/main/java/com/facebook/presto/common/block/BlockEncodingManager.java
For example, the header for an INTEGER column describes INT_ARRAY encoding. The length of the encoding name is 9, hence, the first 4 bytes will be 0 0 0 9. The following 9 bytes store the INT_ARRAY string.
Null Flags#
All columns include the 1-byte has-nulls flag. 0 means no nulls. 1 means may have nulls. If has-nulls byte is 1, individual null flags are specified in the following bytes using 1 bit per flag. 0 means the value is not null. 1 means the value is null.
Has-nulls flag - 1 byte
[optional] Null flags - number of rows / 8 bytes; 1 bit per flag; the bits are stored in bytes in reverse order; the first flag in each byte is the high bit.
Let’s say we have 10 rows with nulls in zero-based rows 1, 4, 6, 7, 9. The null flags will be represented with 3 bytes. First byte stores the has-null flag: 1. Second byte stores null flags for the first 8 rows. Third byte stores null flags for the last 2 rows.
XXX_ARRAY Encodings#
BYTE_ARRAY, INT_ARRAY, SHORT_ARRAY, LONG_ARRAY and INT128_ARRAY encodings differ only by the number of bytes used per value.
The data layout is:
Number of rows - 4 bytes
Null flags
Values - (number of rows - number of nulls) * <number of bytes per value> bytes; only rows with non-null values are represented
The number of bytes per value is:
Encoding Name |
Number of bytes per value |
|---|---|
BYTE_ARRAY |
1 |
SHORT_ARRAY |
2 |
INT_ARRAY |
4 |
LONG_ARRAY |
8 |
INT128_ARRAY |
16 |
Let’s take the example from the Null Flags section and say that we have an integer column with 10 rows with nulls in zero-based rows 1, 4, 6, 7, 9. We’ll have 4 bytes storing the number of rows: 10, followed by 3 bytes of null flags, followed by 20 bytes representing 5 non-null integer values for rows 0, 2, 3, 5, 8..
VARIABLE_WIDTH Encoding#
Number of rows - 4 bytes
Offsets - number of rows * 4 bytes; 4 bytes per offset
Null flags
Total number of bytes in all values - 4 bytes
Concatenated values
Let’s again take the example from the Null Flags section and say that we have a string column with 10 rows with nulls in zero-based rows 1, 4, 6, 7, 9. The non-null rows will have values: 0 - Denali, 2 - Reinier, 3 - Whitney, 5 - Bona, 8 - Bear. We’ll have 4 bytes storing the number of rows: 10, followed by 40 bytes of offsets, followed by 3 bytes of null flags, followed by 1 bytes storing total size of all strings: 28, followed by the concatenated string values. Notice that we have offsets for all rows, not just the non-null rows.
ARRAY Encoding#
Elements column
Number of rows - 4 bytes
Offsets - (number of rows + 1) * 4 bytes; 4 bytes per offset
Null flags
An array column with 10 rows is represented like this:
MAP Encoding#
Keys column
Values column
Hash table size - 4 bytes
[optional] Hash table
Number of rows - 4 bytes
Offsets - (number of rows + 1) * 4 bytes; 4 bytes per offset
Null flags
A map column with 10 rows is represented like this:
ROW Encoding#
Number of fields - 4 bytes
One column per field
Number of rows - 4 bytes
Offsets - (number of rows + 1) * 4 bytes; 4 bytes per offset
Null flags
Nested columns are serialized only for non-null rows. In the presence of null rows, the row numbers of the nested columns don’t match the top-level row numbers. Offsets are specifying the row numbers of the nested columns.
Let’s again take the example from the Null Flags section and say that we have a column of type ROW(a, b, c, d) with 10 rows with nulls in zero-based rows 1, 4, 6, 7, 9. Nested columns will have only 5 rows and offsets will be: 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 3, 0, 0, 4, 0. Offsets for null rows are zero.
Note: Offsets are redundant information as they can be reconstructed from the null flags.
Additional Usage#
SerializedPage format is also used to specify constant values in the plan fragment sent from the coordinator to the workers. In this case, the binary representation is converted to an ASCII string using base64 encoding.
For example, the plan for the SELECT array[1, 23, 456] query includes a Project node with array[1, 23, 456] value represented as base64 encoded binary of the SerializedPage format.
- Project[projectLocality = LOCAL] => [expr:array(integer)]
Estimates: {rows: 1 (51B), cpu: 51.00, memory: 0.00, network: 0.00}
expr := [Block: position count: 3; size: 92 bytes]
Also, this format is used to store intermediate data when session property exchange_materialization_strategy is ALL and temporary_table_storage_format is PAGEFILE.


Active Ingredients
Chlorhexidine Gluconate 4% Solution
Uses
Healthcare Professional handwash: helps reduce bacteria that potentially can cause disease..
Patient preoperative skin preparation: for the preparation of the patient's skin prior to surgery
Skin wound and genral skin cleaning
Warnings
for external use only
Do not use
- if you are alleric to chlorhexidine gluconate or any ohter ingredient
- in contact with meninges
- in genital area
- as a preoperative skin preparation of the head or face
When using this product
- keep out of eyes, ears, an mouth. Maycause seriously and permanent eye injury if placed or kept in the eye during surgical procedures or may cause deafness when installed in the middle ear thru perforated eardurms.
- if solution should contact these areas, rinse out promptly and thoroughly with water
wounds which involve more than the superficial layers of the skin should not be routinely treated
repeated general skin cleansing of large body areas should not be done except when the underlying condition makes it necessary to reduce the bacterial population of skin
Stop use and ask doctor if
- irritation, sensitization, or allergic reaction occurs. These may be signs of a serious condition.
Keep out of reach of children
If swallowed, get medical help or contact a Poison Control center right away
Warning
This product contains a chemical known to the State of California to cause Cancer.
Directions
use with care in premature infants or infants under 2 months of age. These products may cause irritation or chemical burns.
Healthcare personnel handwash:
- wet hands with water
- dispense about 5ml of product into cupped hands and wahs in vigorous manner for about 15 seconds
- rinse and dry thoroughly
Patient preoperative skin preparation:
- apply product librally to surgical site and swab for at least 2 minutes and dry with a sterile towel
- repeat procedure for an additional 2 minutes and dry with a sterile towel
Skin wound and normal skin cleansing:
- thoroughly rinse the area to be cleaned with water
- apply the minimum amount of product necessary to cover the skin or wound area and wash gently
- rinse again thoroughly
Other information
- store at 20°-25° C (68°-77° F)
- avoid excessive heat above 40° C (104° F)
Inactive ingredients
cocamide DEA, fragrance, glucono-delta-lactone, isopropyl alcohol, lauramine oxide, PEG-75 lanolin, purified water, tridecyl alcohol
Questions of comments?
call 1-800-587-3721 Monday through Friday 8 AM to 4:30 PM CST
Package label and principal display panel
Preferred Plus Pharmacy
NDC 61715-072-08
Antiseptic Skin Cleanser
(Chlorhexidine Gluconate 4% solution)
Antiseptic/Antimicrobial Skin Cleanser
for external use only
8FL OZ. (237 mL)
Do no use if seal is broken or missing
Kinray Inc.


Coronavirus (COVID-19)
This information will be updated once daily at noon.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Louisiana Office of Public Health continue to closely monitor this outbreak.
All information on this website reflects the most current information provided to the State. It is subject to change based on further investigations, and will be updated accordingly.
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses, some causing illness in people and others that circulate among animals, including camels, cats and bats. Rarely, animal coronaviruses can evolve and infect people and then spread between people such as has been seen with recent outbreaks of MERS and SARS.
To minimize the risk of spread, Louisiana officials are advising the public to practice social distancing by not gathering with large groups of people. Large events and mass gatherings can contribute to the spread of COVID-19 in Louisiana and introduce the virus to new communities.
Governor John Bel Edwards has issued a stay at home order for Louisiana residents. Click hereto read the full order.
- Stay home unless it is necessary to go to work or get necessities.
- Cover your cough.
- Wash your hands.
For a list of additional guidance for the public click here.
If you have questions about coronavirus, please contact the Louisiana 211 Network by dialing dial 211. Or, you can text the keyword LACOVID to 898-211 for the most current information about the outbreak as it becomes available.
If you are feeling overwhelmed with stress, fear and anxiety about the uncertainty surrounding this public health emergency, there is a special Keeping Calm through COVID
Call 1-866-310-7977 24/7
Trained counselors available 24/7. All calls are confidential.
For confirmed infections, reported illnesses have ranged from infected people with little to no symptoms (similar to the common cold) to people being severely ill and dying. Symptoms can include:
- Fever
- Cough
- Shortness of breath/difficulty breathing
CDC believes at this time that symptoms of COVID-19 may appear in as few as 2 days or as long as 14 after exposure.
There is no specific antiviral treatment recommended for COVID-19 infection. People infected with COVID-19 should receive supportive care to help relieve symptoms.
Health experts are still learning the details about how this new coronavirus spreads. Other coronaviruses spread from an infected person to others through:
- Through respiratory droplets produced when coughing and sneezing
- Close personal contact
- Touching an object or surface with the virus on it, then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes


Instrumental variables analysis for non-economists
13 Mar 2021Instrumental Variables estimation is one of the most popular techniques in causal inference. But it can be a little hard to understand, especially when it is presented with terms mostly familiar to economists, such as “endogeneity” and “correlated with the error term”. In this blog post, I share some visualizations that gave me better intuitions about it. The post is designed for scientists and engineers who are familiar with causal inference, but who have a visual way of thinking that differs from how economists think.
Imagine that you have a treatment variable \(D\) that causes an outcome \(Y\). The true data-generating process is
\[Y = \delta D + \varepsilon\]where \(\delta\) is the average treatment effect and \(\varepsilon\) is some error. \(Y\), \(D\), and \(\varepsilon\) are vectors and \(\delta\) is scalar.
The causal graph is shown below. Whereas the equation above puts outcome \(Y\) on the left side, causal graphs typically put the outcome \(Y\) on the right side. The graph shows simulated data for 16 units, each represented by a bar. The height of each bar represents the value for that unit and that variable. The treatment variable \(D\) takes on continuous values, and the outcome \(Y\) is decomposed into its two components, \(D\) and its own error.
To keep the figures clean, I have set \(\delta\) to 1, a practice I will continue with all coefficients throughout this blog post. Just keep in mind that in almost all real world cases, the coefficients will not be 1.
Anyway, the goal of causal inference is to estimate the treatment effect \(\delta\). If your causal graph is as simple as the one above, you’re in luck. All you need to do is regress \(Y\) on \(D\). The coefficient on \(D\) in that regression will be an unbiased estimate of \(\delta\), which is the parameter you want to estimate.
Unfortunately, most causal graphs aren’t so simple. Often there is an unobserved confounder, \(U\), which contributes to both \(D\) and \(Y\). For example, if you want to measure the impact of smoking \(D\) on lung cancer \(Y\), you might want to consider the possibility that certain unobserved genetic factors \(U\) might cause both smoking and lung cancer.
The data-generating model is as follows.
\[D = D_0 + \gamma_1 U\] \[Y = \delta D + \gamma_2 U + \varepsilon\]The causal graph is shown below.
\(U\) affects \(D\), which then goes on to affect \(Y\). But \(U\) also directly affects \(Y\). This is confounding. A naive regression of \(Y\) on \(D\) will overestimate \(\delta\). That’s because part of the relationship between \(D\) and \(Y\) isn’t due to \(D\)’s causal impact on \(Y\).
If \(U\) was observable, you could include it as a covariate in your regression. But since \(U\) is unobservable, you don’t have that option.
This is where instrumental variables come in.
An instrumental variable \(Z\) is a variable that has some effect on \(D\), but has no other relation to \(Y\), except through \(D\). In the case of smoking (\(D\)) and lung cancer (\(Y\)), a good instrumental variable might be a cigarette tax (\(Z\)), which might vary from state to state. The cigarette tax will affect smoking, and should have no other relation to lung cancer except through smoking.
The graph below introduces the instrumental variable \(Z\). This new display also splits the previously pink component into two components. The first component (in orange) comes from \(Z\)’s impact on \(D\). The second component (in blue) is random error in \(D\) that is not explained by either \(Z\) or \(U\).
This gives us an opportunity! The part of \(D\) that is controlled by \(Z\) are effectively random, quasi-exerimental changes to \(D\) that are independent of \(U\). Let’s (generously) call that part \(\hat{D}\). If we could regress \(Y\) on \(\hat{D}\), we’d have a chance to use the straightforward regression technique from the start of this blog post. Everything else in \(Y\) that didn’t come from \(\hat{D}\) would just be error, and it wouldn’t matter if some of that error comes from \(U\). As in the example at the start of this blog post, the coefficient on \(\hat{D}\) would be an unbiased estimate of \(\delta\). And by assumption, that \(\delta\) is the same \(\delta\) that connects \(D\) overall to \(Y\). And that’s what we ultimately want to estimate.
That would be nice. But how can we isolate \(\hat{D}\)? By regressing \(D\) on \(Z\)! Using the same logic, regressing \(D\) on \(Z\) will treat everything in \(D\) that doesn’t come from \(Z\) as error. The coefficient relating \(Z\) to \(D\) will be an unbiased estimate of the causal weight \(\beta\) that relates \(Z\) to \(D\). Critically, the predictions from that regression model will almost exactly estimate the component in \(D\) that comes from \(Z\). (Well, there’s some bias from overfitting, but that can wait for another blog post.)
Putting it all together, to estimate \(\delta\) we need to avoid any part of \(D\) that comes from \(U\), since \(U\) is an unobservable confound. Fortunately, there is a part of \(D\) that we can isolate. It’s the part that comes from \(Z\), and we call it \(\hat{D}\). To isolate \(\hat{D}\), we regress \(D\) on \(Z\) and then use the model to make a prediction from input \(Z\). Once we have \(\hat{D}\), we can regress \(Y\) on \(\hat{D}\) to estimate \(\delta\). By assumption, this \(\delta\) is the same \(\delta\) that comes from the other parts of \(D\), and is therefore the average treatment effect we want to estimate. (Note: This approach, called Two-Stage Least Squares, will underestimate the standard errors on \(\delta\).)
In Python:
from numpy.random import randn
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression
# Generate data from true model
n = 10000
delta = 1.3
beta = 1.5
gamma_1 = 1.7 # weight from U to d
gamma_2 = 1.7 # weight from U to y
z = randn(n, 1)
u = randn(n, 1)
d = beta * z + gamma_1 * u + randn(n, 1)
y = delta * d + gamma_2 * u + randn(n, 1)
# Naive regression (bad)
mod0 = LinearRegression()
mod0.fit(d, y)
print(mod0.coef_) # Will be too high
# First stage regression in IV approach
mod1 = LinearRegression()
mod1.fit(z, d)
d_hat = mod1.predict(z)
# Second stage regression in IV approach
mod2 = LinearRegression()
mod2.fit(d_hat, y)
print(mod2.coef_) # Unbiased estimate of delta
Of course, our assumptions might not always hold. For example, many instruments might be related to the outcome variable in ways not shown in these graphs. In the case of smoking, there might be correlations between cigarette taxes and lung cancer that aren’t causally mediated by smoking. Often you can control for this. For example, if some observable variable \(X\) points to \(Z\), \(D\), and \(Y\), you can just include it as covariate in your two regressions. Doing so will block the nondirect paths from \(Z\) to \(Y\).
We also assumed that each component of \(D\) will share the same impact \(\delta\) on \(Y\). That assumption won’t always be true. Perhaps people whose smoking behavior is sensitive to a tax may have a different \(\delta\) than other people. When that happens, you may still be able to estimate \(\delta\) for a subset of the population (or more precisely, a weighted average of subsets), but you won’t be able to generalize it to everyone.


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You already have permission to learn the most advanced skills one can learn as a Kamael. If you wish to do so, you should ask the Elder.


| 010:043 Khan | : |
And among them are some who look at you, but can you guide the blind, even though they see not? |
| 010:043 Maulana | : |
And of them are some who look at thee. But canst thou show the way to the blind, though they will not see? |
| 010:043 Pickthal | : |
And of them is he who looketh toward thee. But canst thou guide the blind even though they see not? |
| 010:043 Rashad | : |
Some of them look at you, but can you guide the blind, even though they do not see? |
| 010:043 Sarwar | : |
Some of them will look at you, but are you supposed to guide the blind even if they have no vision?. |
| 010:043 Shakir | : |
And there are those of them who look at you, but can you show the way to the blind though they will not see? |
| 010:043 Sherali | : |
And among them are some who look towards thee. But canst thou guide the blind, even though they will not see. |
| 010:043 Yusufali | : |
And among them are some who look at thee: but canst thou guide the blind,- even though they will not see? |
Concepts/Themes Covered: أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > توحيد الله تعالي > عقائد البشر وأهواؤهم Pillars of Islam> Islamic> Oneness of Allah>The Human Beliefs and Inclinations أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > الكافرون > تشبيههم بالموتى والصم والبكم والعمي Pillars of Islam> Islamic> The Disbelievers> Their Resemblance with the Deceased, the Deaf, the Mute and the Blind أركان الإسلام > (محمد (صلى الله عليه وسلم > تأييد رسالته Pillars of Islam> The Blessed Muhammad(PBUH)> Supporting his Message
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


Aston Villa boss Dean Smith signs new deal
by Agency ReportAston Villa manager Dean Smith has signed a new four-year contract, the Premier League club announced on Friday.
Smith guided Villa back to the Premier League last season via the Championship play-offs after replacing Steve Bruce at Villa Park in October 2018.
“I’m really happy to have committed my long-term future to the club,” said Smith. “I’m looking forward to all the challenges that come with re-establishing Aston Villa as a top Premier League club.”
Chief executive Christian Purslow said: “The board is delighted that Dean has signed a new four-year contract which puts him at the heart of the club’s long-term rebuilding plans.”
Villa is 15th in the Premier League table following Monday’s 2-0 win over Newcastle.
(AFP)


public class CoreAnnotations
extends java.lang.Object
Set of common annotations for CoreMap
s. The classes
defined here are typesafe keys for getting and setting annotation
values. These classes need not be instantiated outside of this
class. e.g CoreAnnotations.TextAnnotation
.class serves as the key and a
String
serves as the value containing the
corresponding word.
New types of CoreAnnotation
can be defined anywhere that is
convenient in the source tree - they are just classes. This file exists to
hold widely used "core" annotations and others inherited from the
Label
family. In general, most keys should be placed in this file as
they may often be reused throughout the code. This architecture allows for
flexibility, but in many ways it should be considered as equivalent to an
enum in which everything should be defined
The getType method required by CoreAnnotation must return the same class type
as its value type parameter. It feels like one should be able to get away
without that method, but because Java erases the generic type signature, that
info disappears at runtime. See CoreAnnotations.ValueAnnotation
for an example.
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.AbbrAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.AbgeneAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.AbstrAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.AfterAnnotation
Annotation for the whitespace characters appear after this word.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.AnswerAnnotation
The standard key for the answer which is a String
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.AnswerObjectAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.AntecedentAnnotation
The CoreMap key identifying the annotation's antecedent.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.ArgDescendentAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.ArgumentAnnotation
The standard key for a propbank label which is of type Argument
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.AuthorAnnotation
Author for the document
(really should be a set of authors, but just have single string for simplicity)
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.BagOfWordsAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.BeAnnotation
annotation stolen from the lex parser
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.BeforeAnnotation
Annotation for the whitespace characters appearing before this word.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.BeginIndexAnnotation
This indexes the beginning of a span of words, e.g., a constituent in a
tree.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.BestCliquesAnnotation
Used in Task3 Pascal system
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.BestFullAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.CalendarAnnotation
The CoreMap key identifying the date and time associated with an
annotation.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.CategoryAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.CategoryFunctionalTagAnnotation
The standard key for storing category with functional tags.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.CharacterOffsetBeginAnnotation
The CoreMap key identifying the offset of the first character of an
annotation.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.CharacterOffsetEndAnnotation
The CoreMap key identifying the offset of the last character after the end
of an annotation.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.CharAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.ChineseCharAnnotation
for Chinese: character level information, segmentation
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.ChineseIsSegmentedAnnotation
Not sure exactly what this is, but it is different from
ChineseSegAnnotation and seems to indicate if the text is segmented
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.ChineseOrigSegAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.ChineseSegAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.ChunkAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.CoarseTagAnnotation
CoNLL dep parsing - coarser POS tags.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.ColumnDataClassifierAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.CommonWordsAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.CoNLLDepAnnotation
CoNLL dep parsing - the dependency type
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.CoNLLDepParentIndexAnnotation
CoNLL dep parsing - the index of the word which is the parent of this word
in the dependency tree
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.CoNLLDepTypeAnnotation
CoNLL dep parsing - the dependency type
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.CoNLLPredicateAnnotation
CoNLL SRL/dep parsing - whether the word is a predicate
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.CoNLLSRLAnnotation
CoNLL SRL/dep parsing - map which, for the current word, specifies its
specific role for each predicate
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.CoNLLUFeats
CoNLL-U dep parsing - List of morphological features
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.CoNLLUMisc
CoNLL-U dep parsing - Any other annotation
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.CoNLLUSecondaryDepsAnnotation
CoNLL-U dep parsing - List of secondary dependencies
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.CoNLLUTokenSpanAnnotation
CoNLL-U dep parsing - span of multiword tokens
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.ContextsAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.CostMagnificationAnnotation
Key for relative value of a word - used in RTE
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.CovertIDAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.D2_LBeginAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.D2_LEndAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.D2_LMiddleAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.DayAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.DependentsAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.DictAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.DistSimAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.DoAnnotation
annotation stolen from the lex parser
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.DocDateAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.DocIDAnnotation
This refers to the unique identifier for a "document", where document may
vary based on your application.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.DocSourceTypeAnnotation
Document source type
What kind of place did the document come from: newswire, discussion forum, web...
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.DocTitleAnnotation
Document title
What is the document title
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.DocTypeAnnotation
Document type
What kind of document is it: story, multi-part article, listing, email, etc
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.DomainAnnotation
Used in CRFClassifier stuff PositionAnnotation should possibly be an int -
it's present as either an int or string depending on context CharAnnotation
may be "CharacterAnnotation" - not sure
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.EndIndexAnnotation
This indexes the end of a span of words, e.g., a constituent in a
tree.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.EntityClassAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.EntityRuleAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.EntityTypeAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.ExceptionAnnotation
Stores an exception associated with processing this document
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.FeaturesAnnotation
The standard key for the features which is a Collection
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.FemaleGazAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.FirstChildAnnotation
used in binarized trees to specify the first child in the rule for which
this node is the parent
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.ForcedSentenceEndAnnotation
This indicates the sentence should end at this token.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.ForcedSentenceUntilEndAnnotation
This indicates that starting at this token, the sentence should not be ended until
we see a ForcedSentenceEndAnnotation.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.FreqAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.GazAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.GazetteerAnnotation
The standard key for the gazetteer information
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.GenericTokensAnnotation
The CoreMap key for getting the tokens (can be words, phrases or anything that are of type CoreMap) contained by an annotation.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.GeniaAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.GoldAnswerAnnotation
The standard key for gold answer which is a String
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.GovernorAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.GrandparentAnnotation
specifies the base state of the parent of this node in the parse tree
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.HaveAnnotation
annotation stolen from the lex parser
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.HeadWordStringAnnotation
The key for storing a Head word as a string rather than a pointer (as in
TreeCoreAnnotations.HeadWordAnnotation)
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.HeightAnnotation
Used in srl.unsup
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.IDAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.IDFAnnotation
Inverse document frequency of the word this label represents
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.INAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.IndexAnnotation
This indexes a token number inside a sentence.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.InterpretationAnnotation
The standard key for the semantic interpretation
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.IsDateRangeAnnotation
it really seems like this should have a different name or else be a boolean
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.IsURLAnnotation
it really seems like this should have a different name or else be a boolean
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.LabelAnnotation
Used in wsd.supwsd package
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.LabelIDAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.LabelWeightAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.LastGazAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.LastTaggedAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.LBeginAnnotation
Used in Gale2007ChineseSegmenter
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.LeftChildrenNodeAnnotation
used in incremental DAG parser
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.LeftTermAnnotation
The Standard key for storing the left terminal number relative to the root
of the tree of the leftmost terminal dominated by the current node
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.LemmaAnnotation
The CoreMap key for getting the lemma (morphological stem) of a token.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.LEndAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.LengthAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.LineNumberAnnotation
Line number for a sentence in a document delimited by newlines
instead of punctuation.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.LinkAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.LMiddleAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.LocationAnnotation
Reference location for the document
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.MaleGazAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.MarkingAnnotation
Another key used for propbank - to signify core arg nodes or predicate
nodes
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.MentionsAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.MentionTokenAnnotation
used in dcoref.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.MonthAnnotation
Used in nlp.coref
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.MorphoCaseAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.MorphoGenAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.MorphoNumAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.MorphoPersAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.NamedEntityTagAnnotation
The CoreMap key for getting the token-level named entity tag (e.g., DATE,
PERSON, etc.)
This key is typically set on token annotations.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.NeighborsAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.NERIDAnnotation
This is an NER ID annotation (in case the all caps parsing didn't work out
for you...)
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.NormalizedNamedEntityTagAnnotation
The key for the normalized value of numeric named entities.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.NotAnnotation
annotation stolen from the lex parser
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.NumericCompositeObjectAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.NumericCompositeTypeAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.NumericCompositeValueAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.NumericObjectAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.NumericTypeAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.NumericValueAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.NumerizedTokensAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.NumTxtSentencesAnnotation
Used by RTE to track number of text sentences, to determine when hyp
sentences begin.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.OriginalCharAnnotation
Seems like this could be consolidated with something else...
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.OriginalTextAnnotation
The exact original surface form of a token.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.ParagraphAnnotation
used in dcoref.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.ParagraphsAnnotation
The CoreMap key for getting the paragraphs contained by an annotation.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.ParaPositionAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.ParentAnnotation
The standard key for the parent which is a String
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.PartOfSpeechAnnotation
The CoreMap key for getting the Penn part of speech of a token.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.PercentAnnotation
annotation stolen from the lex parser
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.PhraseWordsAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.PhraseWordsTagAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.PolarityAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.PositionAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.PossibleAnswersAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.PredictedAnswerAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.PrevChildAnnotation
used in binarized trees to say the name of the most recent child
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.PriorAnnotation
Used in propbank.srl
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.ProtoAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.QuotationIndexAnnotation
Unique identifier within a document for a given quotation.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.QuotationsAnnotation
The CoreMap key for getting the quotations contained by an annotation.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.RoleAnnotation
The standard key for the semantic role label of a phrase.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.SectionAnnotation
Section of a document
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.SectionDateAnnotation
Date for a section of a document
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.SectionEndAnnotation
Indicates that the token end a section and the label of the section
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.SectionIDAnnotation
Id for a section of a document
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.SectionStartAnnotation
Indicates that the token starts a new section and the attributes
that should go into that section
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.SemanticHeadTagAnnotation
The standard key for Semantic Head Word POS which is a String
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.SemanticHeadWordAnnotation
The standard key for Semantic Head Word which is a String
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.SemanticTagAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.SemanticWordAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.SentenceBeginAnnotation
The index of the sentence that this annotation begins in.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.SentenceEndAnnotation
The index of the sentence that this annotation begins in.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.SentenceIDAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.SentenceIndexAnnotation
Unique identifier within a document for a given sentence.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.SentencePositionAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.SentencesAnnotation
The CoreMap key for getting the sentences contained by an annotation.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.ShapeAnnotation
The standard key for the "shape" of a word: a String representing the type
of characters in a word, such as "Xx" for a capitalized word.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.SpaceBeforeAnnotation
Used in Chinese segmenters for whether there was space before a character.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.SpanAnnotation
The standard key for span which is an IntPair
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.SpeakerAnnotation
used in dcoref.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.SRL_ID |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.SRLIDAnnotation
The key for semantic role labels (Note: please add to this description if
you use this key)
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.SRLInstancesAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.StackedNamedEntityTagAnnotation
The CoreMap key for getting the token-level named entity tag (e.g., DATE,
PERSON, etc.) from a previous NER tagger.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.StateAnnotation
The base version of the parser state, like NP or VBZ or ...
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.StemAnnotation
Morphological stem of the word this label represents
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.SubcategorizationAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.TagLabelAnnotation
Used in Trees
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.TextAnnotation
The CoreMap key identifying the annotation's text.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.TokenBeginAnnotation
The CoreMap key identifying the first token included in an annotation.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.TokenEndAnnotation
The CoreMap key identifying the last token after the end of an annotation.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.TokensAnnotation
The CoreMap key for getting the tokens contained by an annotation.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.TopicAnnotation
Used for Topic Assignments from LDA or its equivalent models.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.TrueCaseAnnotation
The CoreMap key for getting the token-level true case annotation (e.g.,
INIT_UPPER)
This key is typically set on token annotations.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.TrueCaseTextAnnotation
The CoreMap key identifying the annotation's true-cased text.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.TrueTagAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.UBlockAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.UnaryAnnotation
whether the node is the parent in a unary rule
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.UnknownAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.UseMarkedDiscourseAnnotation
used in dcoref.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.UtteranceAnnotation
used in dcoref.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.UTypeAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.ValueAnnotation
Contains the "value" - an ill-defined string used widely in MapLabel.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.VerbSenseAnnotation
Probank key for the Verb sense given in the Propbank Annotation, should
only be in the verbnode
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.WebAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.WordFormAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.WordnetSynAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.WordPositionAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.WordSenseAnnotation |
static class |
CoreAnnotations.XmlContextAnnotation
Used in CleanXMLAnnotator.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.XmlElementAnnotation
Used in SimpleXMLAnnotator.
|
static class |
CoreAnnotations.YearAnnotation |


| CONTENTS | PREV | NEXT | Java Remote Method Invocation |
In the Java platform's distributed object model, a remote object is one whose methods can be invoked from another Java virtual machine, potentially on a different host. An object of this type is described by one or more remote interfaces, which are interfaces written in the Java programming language that declare the methods of the remote object.Remote method invocation (RMI) is the action of invoking a method of a remote interface on a remote object. Most importantly, a method invocation on a remote object has the same syntax as a method invocation on a local object.


Alignment Demo
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