new Broker(params)
Broker Graph API.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
params |
Object | Broker client initialization parameters.
Properties
|
Properties:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
ready |
Promise | Promise that resolves when Broker is initialized. |
Members
connect
Form a connection with another broker.
disconnect
Disconnect from another broker.
isConnected
Returns true if provided ID is connected.
Methods
include(ids) → {Promise}
Include
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
ids |
String | Array.<String> | BRLs of relays to include. |
Returns:
- Promise that resolves when all relays are included.
- Type
- Promise
isReady() → {Promise}
Returns true if initialized and ready for operations.
Returns:
- Type
- Promise
isSynced() → {boolean}
Returns true if synchronized with server.
Returns:
- Type
- boolean
query(query, rankFunction) → {Query}
Query available relays using a Mongo query.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
query |
Object | Mongo style query. |
rankFunction |
function |
Returns:
- Type
- Query
queryBrokers(query, rankFunction) → {Array.<ConnectionClient>}
Query connected Brokers using a Mongo style query.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
query |
Object | Mongo style query. |
rankFunction |
function |
Returns:
- Type
- Array.<ConnectionClient>
queryShared(query, rankFunction) → {Array.<LocalResource>}
Query shared resources using a Mongo style query.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
query |
Object | Mongo style query. |
rankFunction |
function |
Returns:
- Type
- Array.<LocalResource>
refreshInfo() → {Promise}
Retrieves broker instance metadata. Used in cases where it is changed by another instance.
Returns:
- Type
- Promise
removeResource(resource)
Remove a shared resource created with share().
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
resource |
LocalResource | LocalResource object. |
share(params) → {LocalResource}
Create a new resource or update an existing resource.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
params |
Object |
Returns:
- Type
- LocalResource
share(tag, paramsopt) → {LocalResource}
Same as share(params) but give resource a String tag for easier retrieval.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Attributes | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
tag |
String | ||
params |
Object |
<optional> |
See share(params) |
Returns:
- Type
- LocalResource
updateMeta(data)
Update the metadata of the local Broker client.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
data |
Object | Key-value pairs. Keys are unique strings. Values must be serializable. |


@(message: String) @main(title = "Awseract | Home") {
Do you have images of documents or lectures and wanted to extract the text without manually doin it? Awseract is to rescue! Awseract is a fast and distributed tool for extracting text from images. Awseract is powered by Amazon EC2 to deliver fast processing in near real-time. The Awseract utilizes the popular Tesseract OCR engine to extract text from images.


Your reactions to the film you are about to watch will be collated with other people’s to give a true reflection of the emotions that movies make us feel.
These results will then be published at miff.com.au to help the public get a better understanding of what feelings they can expect to experience before watching a film at the Melbourne International Film Festival.
Just press the emotion you feel at moments when you really feel something. If there’s a funny joke, press “HAPPINESS”. If you feel sad, press “SADNESS” and so on. It’s that simple.


| read.openbugs {coda} | R Documentation |
read.openbugs
reads Markov Chain Monte Carlo output in
the CODA format produced by OpenBUGS.
This is a convenience wrapper around the function read.coda
which allows you to read all the data output by OpenBUGS by
specifying only the file stem.
read.openbugs(stem="", start, end, thin, quiet=FALSE)
stem |
Character string giving the stem for the output files. OpenBUGS produces files with names "<stem>CODAindex.txt", "<stem>CODAchain1.txt", "<stem>CODAchain2.txt", ... |
start |
First iteration of chain |
end |
Last iteration of chain |
thin |
Thinning interval for chain |
quiet |
Logical flag. If true, a progress summary will be printed |
An object of class mcmc.list
containing output from all
chains.
Martyn Plummer
Spiegelhalter DJ, Thomas A, Best NG and Lunn D (2004). WinBUGS User Manual, Version 2.0, June 2004, MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge.


About the project
The ARTS are a manifestation of our creative impulse, meant to make the observer feel emotions.
Think
for example of the emotions you feel when you receive a drawing from your children, when you listen to a song of your favourite artist
or when you visit towns such as Venice, Paris, London or Berlin. That's the reason why we have decided to create something that can
help you to get in touch with the arts and finally to let you feel emotions.
After all we are from Italy, the
cradle of art!
This is the reason why we created neo4Art
This project will be quite different from more traditional existing art portals because we are mainly focused upon connections between every kind of topics regarding the arts.
Connected informations
What does "connected information" mean and why are we so interested in them?
Well, every time you click a link in an internet page, you are indeed declaring your interest in a connected information.
The
same way, what we want to achieve through neo4Art, is to automatically discover new topics you could be interested
in, by traversing art through its connections.
Let us just take an example. Suppose you are planning your vacation in Paris.
If you love the famous post-impressionist painter
Vincent Van Gogh you probably will not miss his masterpieces from the Musée d'Orsay for no reason at all. In that
museum you can admire his "La Siesta".
Do you know that it's a copy of one of his biggest influencers Juan-François
Millet, who was indeed a realist?
Do you know that the his canvas is exposed at the Boston Museum of Fine
Arts?
Do you know that in the same museum you can also see Millet's artwork "The Angelus", which became an
obsession for the Spanish surrealist painter Salvador Dalì, who performed various re-interpretations of the same
topic and also wrote an essay entitled "The tragic mith of Millet's Angelus"?
Once again, while observing Gauguin's artworks,
wouldn't be interesting to know that Van Gogh and Gauguin lived together in Arles?
There, Gauguin painted "The
painter of sunflower", which is a portrait of Van Gogh. Van Gogh insteadr painted "Paul Gaugin's armchair".
Do
you know that both are exposed at the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam as well?
Those are simple examples that demonstrate how these topics are so strictly connected and how much we can learn from them.
Luckily, technology can help us to do more complex analysis. We are going to implement a sentiments analysis on Van
Gogh's letters to understand his mood while he was painting his artworks, and to answer the question about which paintings he realised
while feeling whether happy or sad.
Furthermore colour analysis can help us to understand how much the artist was influenced
by Peter Paul Rubens while staying in Antwerp. Indeed, we know that he gained encouragement to broaden his palette to carmine, cobalt,
and emerald green.
By connecting our system to social networks, we could understand what the web is talking about. For example, if people that "like" Musée D'Orsay, as you do, also "like" Marmottan Monet Museum, we could recommend you to visit another museum that you could not know, or we could suggest you to go to Monet's house in Giverny, a few kilometres outside Paris, that is where he painted most of his masterpieces, or also the lake he built to paint his famous "Ninfee", which are currently exposed in Paris.
These are all examples of what we consider connections. A really powerful tool that can help us to understand art better, by traversing it from different perspectives.
Technology
The underlying technology we're going to use is neo4j, an opensource graph database, that is ideal for managing interconnected data. The amazing thing is that Neo4j works at an incredible speed! You might have already heard about graph databases, in fact social networks such as Facebook and Twitter are built on top of them in order to manage connections between you and your friends, groups that you follow and things that you "like". Neo4j is the solution that better supports our purpose of improving knowledge about art by discovering connected information.
We're here also to ask for your help since we are kickstarting this great art project called neo4Art. As for Wikipedia, our project will be accessible to the community for free.


Glossolalia
Installation
1. As a #lang
in Racket
- Make sure you have a relatively recent version of Racket installed.
- Open a terminal and type
raco pkg install glossolalia
- Run your Glossolalia files using the
racket <myconlang.rkt>
command or open them in Dr. Racket and hit the play button.
This option is the recommended one at the moment, as it is cross-platform and gives you all the good things about Racket, including the Dr. Racket IDE. However, it also means you have to install Racket, which could be annoying if all you want is this tool.
2. As a standalone application (currently Windows only)
- Download the latest stable release and unzip it into the desired location.
- Run the included executable
glossolalia.exe
from the command line on your source file.
Unfortunately, this option isn't as nice as it could be just yet, only supporting Windows and with no installer, which means you'll have to add it to the path yourself if you want to use it from anywhere.


Create an "AnalysisUploadToken" with your fortifyclient command-line utility, for authorizing access to upload your WebInspect .fpr scan file to your Software Security Center (SSC) deployment. Usage of how you create your "AnalysisUploadToken" is as follows:
fortifyclient -url http://localhost:8080/ssc token -gettoken AnalysisUploadToken -daysToLive 90 -user admin


About Me
This is the about me section
Experience
This is the experience section
Projects
This is the projects section
Contact Me
This is the contacts section
This is the about me section
This is the experience section
This is the projects section
This is the contacts section


General Search Results--Summary
Topic=troublesome; DocType=All document types; Language=All languages; Databases=SCI-EXPANDED; Timespan=All Years; (sorted by latest date)
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Use the checkboxes to add individual articles to the Marked List. Be sure to click SUBMIT MARKS button before leaving page.
Jeppsson U, Alex J, Pons MN, et al.
Status and future trends of ICA in wastewater treatment - a European perspective
WATER SCI TECHNOL 45 (4-5):<PHONE_NUMBER>
Gregory PL, Biswas AC, Batt ME
Musculoskeletal problems of the chest wall in athletes
SPORTS MED 32 (4):<PHONE_NUMBER>
Chang DW, Hussussian C, Lewin JS, et al.
Analysis of pharyngocutaneous fistula following free jejunal transfer for total laryngopharyngectomy
PLAST RECONSTR SURG 109 (5): 1522-1527 APR 15 2002
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1783 of 16635816 documents matched the query. (500 shown)
Acceptable Use Policy
Copyright © 2002
Institute for Scientific Information


Top 10 Music Video
- Despacito:
6.88 Billion Views on YouTube
If you take a look at Billboard’s Hot 100 Songs of 2017, you’ll find Despacito in the number two spot. It’s pretty clear that popular songs can also become highly watched YouTube videos. And with over 6.15 billion video views, it’s pretty clear why this is the most watched YouTube video. You have the music repeat factor where you watch it over again just to hear the song. And back in 2017 Spotify was popular, but not as popular as it is today. Despacito’s video has all the trademarks of a popular music video: dance sequences, good-looking people, palm trees, naturescapes, club scene, and of course the catchiest song to sing along to. The song is entirely in Spanish, making it one of the three on this top ten most viewed YouTube videos list that aren’t in English. -
Shape of You :
4.90 Billion Views on YouTube
The second most viewed YouTube video is the Shape of You music video with over 4.17 billion video views. Another interesting tidbit is that it was actually the number one on Billboard’s Hot 100 Songs of 2017, beating out Despacito. Unlike most videos, where the singer sings in front of the camera, Shape of You is like a 4-minute movie telling the story of an athletic couple, and the song is just background music. The movie style music video isn’t too common, which makes it a compelling love story to watch. There are also some funny moments where Ed Sheeran and a sumo wrestler fight in the ultimate match. It also has a profound female empowerment message in it: Sheeran is a weakling compared to his love interest. -
See You Again:
4.66 Billion Views on YouTube
See You Again is the main song for the Fast and Furious 7 movie. One of the stars, Paul Walker, died in an infamous car crash shortly before its release. The song and music video are a tribute to Paul Walker and his journey in the Fast and Furious series. If you take a look at the video’s comments, you’ll see several notes about Paul Walker, suggesting that the video went viral because of his sudden death. The song in the video was also popular enough to earn a number three spot in the Billboard Hot 100 for 2015. The sad tone of the song and video make it worth watching over and over again. Emotions can play a big role in helping make a video go viral. Everyone can relate to the pain you feel from losing a loved one, which helps make this one of the most viewed YouTube videos of all time. -
Uptown Funk :
3.90 Billion Views on YouTube
Uptown Funk was the number one song of 2015 on the Billboard Hot 100. According to Joe Bennett, a music professor at Bath Spa University, the song’s popularity is due to two key elements: a lack of a chorus and a slower tempo. These two elements make the song stand out. And as we’ve seen with other songs on this list, a number one hit makes it easier to score one of the most viewed YouTube videos. Another interesting tidbit is that Bruno Mars performed at the 2014 Super Bowl halftime show, which helped elevate his popularity and make his video more viral. The video itself has an old-school feel to it which makes it a unique watch that you don’t really see in music videos anymore. -
Gangnam Style:
3.71 Billion Views on YouTube
Gangnam Style was once the most viewed YouTube video of all time, as it was the first YouTube video to reach one billion views. The song is undeniably catchy, but the video shines with a level of quirkiness mainstream American media hadn’t seen before. The silly dance moves in unexpected places just makes this an all around fun video to watch. And let’s be honest, you’ve probably tried Psy’s dance moves yourself. The YouTube video has a carefree element which makes it easy to just allow yourself to be entertained while watching. With over 3.7 billion YouTube video views since it was published in July 2012, it’s pretty clear that Psy’s colorful personality is what helped make this video a raving success. -
Sorry:
3.32 Billion Views on YouTube
Sorry, the sixth most watched Music video on YouTube, is quite a unique music video. Throughout the entire three minutes and 25 seconds, I waited… and waited… for Justin Bieber. It’s basically a Waiting for Godot music video because *spoiler alert* the Biebs just never shows up. Instead, the entire music video features an all-female dance crew in neon outfits and expressive faces. One of the non-song related reasons why this video might’ve been popular is because you can literally dance along with the simple moves. Some might’ve chosen to add this to a workout playlist on YouTube which can help elevate the number of views it gets. But aside from that, Justin Bieber currently has four music videos with over one billion YouTube views, so it’s likely that his 44.45 million YouTube subscribers help boost his videos’ viral success. -
Sugar:
3.24Billion Views on YouTube
"Sugar" is a song which is recorded by American band Maroon 5 for their fifth studio album V (2014). It was written by Mike Posner, Adam Levine, Dr. Luke, and Jacob Kasher Hindlin together with its producers Ammo and Cirkut. It was sent to contemporary hit radio in the United States, as the third single from the album on January 13, 2015. "Sugar" is a disco, funk-pop, and soul song that features a wide range of instruments including percussion, keyboards and guitars. Commercially, the song peaked at number two on the US Billboard Hot 100 and became the band's third top 10 single from V, and eighth consecutive top 10 entry. "Sugar" is the 68th song in history to score at least 20 weeks in the top 10 of the Hot 100. -
Roar:
3.13 Billion Views on YouTube
Katy Perry is the first female on this list so far with her ever-catchy song and video for Roar. In the video, Perry is stranded in a jungle after a plane crash and is forced to survive on her own after her partner is eaten by a tiger. The comical video shows Perry constantly facing her fears, striving to survive, and taming animals while wearing scantily clad outfits. While Katy’s song was popular, landing at number 10 on the top 100 songs in 2013, her sizable fanbase of 33 million subscribers helped launch her view to a 2.8 billion view count. Plus, as with any lead single, it usually gets the biggest budget and most hype, which helps her land the most viewed YouTube video for a female artist. -
Thinking Out Loud:
3.04 Billion Views on YouTube
"Thinking Out Loud" is a song by English singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran, recorded for his second studio album, × (2014). It was written by Sheeran and Amy Wadge, and produced by frequent collaborator Jake Gosling. It was released in the US on 24 September 2014 as the album's third single. In the UK, the song spent 19 weeks within the top 40 before peaking at number one in early November 2014; it became Sheeran's second number one single there. The single has also reached the top spot in Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, Denmark, the Netherlands, Slovakia and South Africa, and peaked at number two on both the US Billboard Hot 100 and the Canadian Hot 100. It was Sheeran's highest-charting single in North America until "Shape of You" topped the charts in both countries in 2017. -
Counting Stars:
3.01 Billion Views on YouTube
"Counting Stars" is a song by American pop rock band OneRepublic from their third studio album, Native (2013). The song was written by lead singer Ryan Tedder, and produced by Tedder and Noel Zancanella. It was released as the album's third single on June 14, 2013. The song has been one of the band's most successful singles, reaching number one in many countries including Canada and the United Kingdom, number two in the United States, and top ten in 20 countries. It has sold over 1 million copies in the United Kingdom.
Follow Me on Social Media


City Receive Midfield Boost
by Soccer LadumaCape Town City have confirmed that one of their midfielders is expected to return to full training at the end of the month.
Chris David, who joined the Citizens in February this year, has made just 11 appearances in all competitions for the club, while also scoring two goals, this before being sidelined with a long-term injury.
Read more: R8 Million For Martin As 3 Others Also Linked Elsewhere
David's last appearance for the club dates as far back as August 10, when the Citizens locked horns with Stellenbosch FC in the first Western Cape derby of the season.
He was thereafter left on the bench against Mamelodi Sundowns and Kaizer Chiefs and has been out with an injury until now.
The Citizens have since confirmed that the 26-year-old is expected to return to first team training at the end of the month, after making a full recovery.
“Chris David has been involved in light training and running sessions. He is expected return to full training at the end of the month,” City confirmed on their official Twitter account.
Earn Airtime & Data With Soccer Laduma’s Social Media App - Download Now


{{.Site.Params.claim}}
{{.Description}}
Kubernetes friendly
Thanks to kprofefe, you can consistently gather your profiling data and send it to profefe api server.
Command-line powered
Kube-profefe provides kubectl-profefe, a kubectl plugin that helps you fetch and store pprof profiles.
Annotation strong
Quickly and easily configure your containers thanks to powerful and convenient annotations.
Continuous profiling. In your cluster.
Keep your applications' performances under control easily and conveniently thanks to this tool.
Ease of use
kube-profefe integrates with kubectl and k8s's Scheduled Jobs. Putting it to work is as easy as writing some annotations.
License
Kube-profefe is licensed under MIT.
Kube-profefe is absolutely free for personal or commercial use.


FontAwesome v6.2.0 with 2,016 Free Icons
Font Awesome css has been compiled into
vendor.min.css
. As long as you include the vendor.min.css
, you should be able to use Font Awesome in your page.

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Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us.
It eluded us then, but that’s no matter — tomorrow we will run faster, stretch our arms further...
And one fine morning — So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past.

Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but that’s no matter — tomorrow we will run faster, stretch our arms further...


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% block title %}The Founders{% endblock %} {% block body %}
We are students of Python 401d5, the first Python cohort taught by Nicholas Hunt-Walker at Code Fellows.
My name is Marc, and was born and raised nearby in Woodinville, WA. I spent 9 years in the US Army and have a computer science degree from University of Washington. I am a Python Developer.
My name is Ben, I was born and raised in Washington. I am a Python Developer.
My name is Ben, I was born and raised in Washington. I am a Python Developer.


G266.2−1.2
RX J0852.0−4622
- Right Ascension: 08 52 00
- Declination: −46 20
- Size (/arcmin): 120
- Type: S
- Flux density at 1 GHz (/Jy): 50?
- Spectral Index: 0.3?
Notes: This remnant overlaps the Vela SNR (G263.9−3.3).
- Radio: Incomplete shell, confused by the Vela SNR.
- Optical: Nebulosity offset to NE.
- X-ray: Non-thermal shell, confused by the Vela SNR, with central source, and possible associated pulsar.
- Point sources: Central X-ray source, with optical nebula, and possible associated pulsar.
- Distance: X-ray data suggest an upper limit of 1 kpc.
References:
- Aschenbach 1998, Nature, 396, 141. ROSAT identification.
ADS
- Iyudin et al. 1998, Nature, 396, 142. γ-ray observations.
ADS
- Combi et al. 1999, ApJ, 519, L177. Radio observations.
ADS
- Duncan & Green 2000, A&A, 364, 732. Parkes 64-m at 1.4 GHz (14.'0), and comparison with other observations.
ADS
- Redman et al. 2000, ApJ, 543, L153. Optical of nearly nebulosity.
ADS
- Tsunemi et al. 2000, PASJ, 52, 887. ASCA spectral observations.
ADS
- Slane et al. 2001, ApJ, 548, 814. ASCA observations.
ADS
- Mereghetti et al. 2001, ApJ, 548, L213. BeppoSAX observations of central sources.
ADS
- Pavlov et al. 2001, ApJ, 559, L131. Chandra of central X-ray source.
ADS
- Moriguchi et al. 2001, PASJ, 53, 1025. CO observations.
ADS
- Pellizzoni et al. 2002, A&A, 393, L65. Optical observations of central source.
ADS
- Redman et al. 2002, MNRAS, 336, 1093. Optical nebulosity to NE.
ADS
- Kargaltsev et al. 2002, ApJ, 580, 1060. Chandra observations of central source.
ADS
- Sankrit et al. 2003, ApJ, 589, 242. Optical nebulosity to NE.
ADS
- Redman & Meaburn 2005, MNRAS, 356, 969. Possible pulsar association.
ADS
- Iyudin et al. 2005, A&A, 429, 225. XMM-Newton observations.
ADS
- Aharonian et al. 2005, A&A, 437, L7. HESS observations.
ADS
- Katagiri et al. 2005, ApJ, 619, L163. γ-ray observations.
ADS
- Bamba et al. 2005, ApJ, 632, 294. Chandra of NW rim.
ADS
- Reynoso et al. 2006, A&A, 449, 243. ATCA at 1.38 GHz (32''×37'').
ADS
- Enomoto et al. 2006, ApJ, 652, 1268. γ-ray observations.
ADS
- Mignani et al. 2007, A&A, 473, 883. Deep optical observations of compact X-ray source.
ADS
- Aharonian et al. 2007, ApJ, 661, 236. HESS observations.
ADS
- Katsuda et al. 2008, ApJ, 678, L35. XMM-Newton proper motion study.
ADS
- Pannuti et al. 2010, ApJ, 721, 1492. Chandra observations of NW.
ADS
- Allen et al. 2015, ApJ, 798, 82. Two epoch Chandra observations for expansion.
ADS
- Acero et al. 2016, ApJS, 224, 8. Fermi observations.
ADS
- Takeda et al. 2016, PASJ, 68, S10. Suzaku observations.
ADS
- Fukui et al. 2017, ApJ, 850, 71. CO and HI observations.
ADS
- Maxted et al. 2018, ApJ, 866, 76. ATCA at 1.4 to 2.9 GHz, plus other observations.
ADS
- Abdalla et al. 2018, A&A, 612, A7. HESS observations.
ADS
Last updated: 15 Apr 2019
home |
documentation |
detailed listings |
summary listings
Dave Green/Cambridge, UK/


Waspish playwright Maud Wasp, holding a tin trident atop Pilgarlic Tor, struck by a thunderbolt.
A drawing, like almost all my drawings, from the last century. It is a detail from the 1992 Hooting Yard Calendar, wherein Maud Wasp hid behind a pseudonym.


Twitter threatens 'corrective action' against Boris Johnson’s Conservatives party after it created a fake fact-checking service
by Thomas Colson- Twitter says it will take ‘corrective action’ if the Conservatives repeat a campaign stunt which saw them change the name of one of its Twitter accounts to look like a fact-checking service.
- A verified Conservative Party account rebranded ‘factcheckUK’ during a debate between Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn, pushing out pro-Conservative messaging and making widely contested claims about Labour which it called ‘facts.’
- Twitter said in a statement: ‘Any further attempts to mislead people by editing verified profile information – in a manner seen during the UK Election Debate – will result in decisive corrective action.’
- Full Fact, a genuine fact-checking charity, said: ‘It is inappropriate and misleading for the Conservative press office to rename their Twitter account ‘factcheckUK’ during this debate. Please do not mistake it for an independent fact-checking service.’
Twitter has threatened to take “corrective action” against Boris Johnson’s Conservative Party after the party rebranded one of its official Twitter accounts as an independent fact-checking service during the first televised general election debate.
The party changed its @CCHQPress account into what appeared to be an independent fact-checking service covering the TV clash between Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn and Conservative leader Boris Johnson.
With a white tick logo on a purple background, the branding obscured the account’s links to the Tory party. The rebranded account then tweeted untrue “facts,” including a claim that Labour’s spending plans would cost £1.2 trillion, which has already been debunked by genuine fact-checking services.
They also declared that Johnson had won the debate, despite polling showing that more viewers believed that Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn had performed well than the prime minister, and were split down the middle on which candidate had won.
Twitter said that the Conservative Party had misled the public and warned that it would take “corrective action” if the party repeated the stunt.
“We have global rules in place that prohibit behaviour that can mislead people, including those with verified accounts,” a spokesperson said.
“Any further attempts to mislead people by editing verified profile information – in a manner seen during the UK Election Debate – will result in decisive corrective action.”
FullFact, a fact-checking charity, said: “It is inappropriate and misleading for the Conservative press office to rename their Twitter account ‘factcheckUK’ during this debate. Please do not mistake it for an independent fact-checking service.”
Labour said it was a “scam” and showed the Conservatives could not be trusted in government.
Conservative Party chairman James Cleverly defended the move on Tuesday. “We made it absolutely clear it is a Conservative Party website … checking the claims” of Corbyn, he said.
The account reverted back to its original branding once the debate had finished.


{% extends "turkle/base.html" %} {% load static %} {% block body %}
The task is assigned to you. If you do not finish it, you will be reminded on the main page that you have abandoned the task. If you do not complete it by the deadline, it is returned to the task list.
Rather than being returned to the main page each time, the next task is automatically assigned to you.
Returns the currently assigned task so that it is no longer assigned to you. If you accept a task from the same batch, that returned task could be assigned to you again. If you do not want to work on that particular task, you should skip it.
Skip to the next available task in the Batch. The task is removed from your assignments. You may see it again if all other tasks have been completed and no one else completed it.


|
“I” personally can see my hardest challenges
and I am now caring them alone on my back because I can carry the world on my back and
as my bones break and
my skull cracks,
I can still find enough patience to be a farmer waiting
while his Sun-rises
and crops grow,
to be a tree waiting
while leaves fly
and the colors blow.
Patience lets me turn 20 years into 3 seconds and 2 seconds into 60 years.
All the people can start waiting for me now because the public is not your audience, they are only a stage.
In fact the world is a stage and it can wait for us weather it wants to or not because time is just clay and a tough Life is just drama in our self-molded play. |


--- layout: post title: Handy Hack:Improving Laptop Security tags: - LinkedIn - Linux - Mac - Windows - Work Practices status: publish type: post published: true meta: _edit_last: '451289' --- I have always liked having my laptop BIOS boot password on. i.e. you can't even boot from a CD unless you have first supplied credentials. However I've always been too lazy in the past to login 'twice', once to the BIOS and then to the operating system (OS) as a user. I've got around that as follows:
sudo
' (Linux and OS/X) and 'runas
' (MS Windows) or logout/login to run programs as another user.


Warehouse Keeper Holvas:
When I hold these pages up to the light, I can see hidden words here
Hmmm...
These words are similar to the Kamael tongue, but they seem somehow older...
Besides being written in a dead language, it also appears to be written in a code that I can't decipher...
If you have studied under Kamael Grand Master Meldina in Giran Castle , you may be able to read it...
Mmm... I will give you a copy of the code, just in case...
In any event, thank you for your help.


The development of ISM was made by Warfield in 1974. ISM is the process of collaborating distinct or related essentials into a simplified and an organized format. Hence, ISM is a methodology that seeks the interrelationships among the various elements considered and endows with a hierarchical and multilevel structure. To run this package user needs to provide a matrix (VAXO) converted into 0's and 1's. Warfield,J.N. (1974) <doi:10.1109/TSMC.1974.5408524> Warfield,J.N. (1974, E-ISSN:2168-2909).
| Version: | 0.1.0 |
| Depends: | xlsx, rJava, xlsxjars |
| Published: | 2017-12-06 |
| Author: | Adarsh Anand, Gunjan Bansal |
| Maintainer: | Gunjan Bansal <gunjan.1512 at gmail.com> |
| License: | GPL-3 |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| CRAN checks: | ISM results |
| Reference manual: | ISM.pdf |
| Package source: | ISM_0.1.0.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: ISM_0.1.0.zip, r-release: ISM_0.1.0.zip, r-oldrel: ISM_0.1.0.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: ISM_0.1.0.tgz, r-oldrel: ISM_0.1.0.tgz |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ISM to link to this page.


Spring Boot File Upload Example
Upload Single File:
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Upload Multiple Files:
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All Uploaded Files:


- tearDown() - Method in class cmput301f13t10.tests.IdFactoryTest
-
- tearDown() - Method in class cmput301f13t10.tests.IdManagerTest
-
- tearDown() - Method in class cmput301f13t10.tests.SearcherTest
-
- tearDown() - Method in class cmput301f13t10.tests.SectionModelTest
-
- testAddAdventure() - Method in class cmput301f13t10.tests.CacheTest
-
Test that when you add a new adventure, it gets added to both the cache
and the interactor its connected to.
- testAddMedia() - Method in class cmput301f13t10.tests.AnnotationModelTest
-
- testAddMedia() - Method in class cmput301f13t10.tests.SectionModelTest
-
- testAddSection() - Method in class cmput301f13t10.tests.AdventureModelTest
-
- testBadSearchType() - Method in class cmput301f13t10.tests.SearcherTest
-
testBadSearchType Can the searcher give a valid error if the search type
does not exist?
- testBlankSearch() - Method in class cmput301f13t10.tests.SearcherTest
-
When there is a blank search, the search results should come back in alphabetical order
- testDeleteAdventure() - Method in class cmput301f13t10.tests.CacheTest
-
Test that when you delete an adventure it gets removed from both the
cache and the interactor its connected to.
- testDeleteSection() - Method in class cmput301f13t10.tests.AdventureModelTest
-
- testGetAdventureInCache() - Method in class cmput301f13t10.tests.CacheTest
-
test that when you try to get an adventure that is in the cache, it
retrieves the one in the cache
- testMoveInvalidOffsetNegative() - Method in class cmput301f13t10.tests.SectionModelTest
-
- testMoveInvalidOffsetPositive() - Method in class cmput301f13t10.tests.SectionModelTest
-
- testMoveMediaNegative() - Method in class cmput301f13t10.tests.SectionModelTest
-
- testMoveMediaPositive() - Method in class cmput301f13t10.tests.SectionModelTest
-
- testMoveZero() - Method in class cmput301f13t10.tests.SectionModelTest
-
- testOneLetterNames() - Method in class cmput301f13t10.tests.SearcherTest
-
test that the searcher can handle single character searches.
- testRemoveId() - Method in class cmput301f13t10.tests.IdManagerTest
-
- testRemoveIdFromEnd() - Method in class cmput301f13t10.tests.IdManagerTest
-
- testRemoveMedia() - Method in class cmput301f13t10.tests.AnnotationModelTest
-
- testRemoveMedia() - Method in class cmput301f13t10.tests.SectionModelTest
-
- testRemoveNonExistant() - Method in class cmput301f13t10.tests.IdManagerTest
-
- testRemoveOutOfBounds() - Method in class cmput301f13t10.tests.IdManagerTest
-
- testSearchByTitle() - Method in class cmput301f13t10.tests.SearcherTest
-
testSearchByTitle Can the searcher return a list of adventures matching a
title pattern?
- testSingleton() - Method in class cmput301f13t10.tests.IdFactoryTest
-
- testUniqueId() - Method in class cmput301f13t10.tests.IdManagerTest
-
- TextMedia - Class in cmput301f13t10.presenter
-
Media for text that can be added and view in a section of an adventure.
- TextMedia() - Constructor for class cmput301f13t10.presenter.TextMedia
-
Constructor
- TITLE - Static variable in class cmput301f13t10.presenter.AppConstants
-
Tag.
- toSave() - Method in class cmput301f13t10.model.AdventureModel
-
If the adventure is to be saved
- toString() - Method in class cmput301f13t10.model.AdventureModel
-
- toView(Context) - Method in class cmput301f13t10.presenter.ImageMedia
-
- toView(Context) - Method in interface cmput301f13t10.presenter.Media
-
Convert the media to a view that android can represent
- toView(Context) - Method in class cmput301f13t10.presenter.SoundMedia
-
- toView(Context) - Method in class cmput301f13t10.presenter.TextMedia
-
- toView(Context) - Method in class cmput301f13t10.tests.MockMedia
-


Escape Rooms
| Date | Name | Time |
|---|---|---|
| {{game.date}} | {{game.name}} | {{game.time}} |
{{game.name}} {{game.time}}
{{game.description.substring(0, 200)}}
Official Link{{game.difficulty}}
{{game.suggested_players}} -> {{game.players}}
{{game.venue}}
| Date | Name | Time |
|---|---|---|
| {{game.date}} | {{game.name}} | {{game.time}} |
{{game.description.substring(0, 200)}}
Official Link{{game.difficulty}}
{{game.suggested_players}} -> {{game.players}}
{{game.venue}}


|
Note
|
Serialization for Java and Python is made thanks to financial support from the NLnet Foundation. |
For a long time, you could only use Kaitai Struct for parsing, not serialization (writing data to file). However, due to high user interest in this feature, we’ve added serialization support to Kaitai Struct.
At the time of writing, it’s only available for Java and Python, but should already work for the vast majority of format specifications. This page explains how to use it. Support for other target languages will follow.
Introduction
While parsing allows you extract data from existing files or byte streams based on the format described by a .ksy specification, serialization has the opposite goal - you know the data and you need to write them to a file in the specified format, which can be read by other applications. This allows several use cases:
-
Editing an existing file. You can parse a file to get the initial data, change the data programmatically and write them back to the same file or another file.
-
Creating a new file from scratch. It’s also possible to start by creating empty objects, then fill them with all the necessary information and finally tell Kaitai Struct to write the object to the provided stream.
Getting started
Once you have the .ksy specification of the format you want to serialize, you need a version of kaitai-struct-compiler
that supports serialization. The latest 0.10 compiler doesn’t have it yet; you need to build the compiler from source at the moment.
Building the compiler from source
Don’t worry, it should be straightforward:
-
Install
sbt
from https://www.scala-sbt.org/download.html. -
Clone the https://github.com/kaitai-io/kaitai_struct_compiler repository, checkout the serialization branch.
git clone -b serialization https://github.com/kaitai-io/kaitai_struct_compiler.git cd kaitai_struct_compiler
-
Build the compiler using
sbt
that you installed earlier:sbt --error compilerJVM/stage
If no error is printed, there should be a compiler build in
jvm/target/universal/stage/bin/kaitai-struct-compiler
. If you runjvm/target/universal/stage/bin/kaitai-struct-compiler --help
, you should see the--read-write
option in the usage text:Usage: kaitai-struct-compiler [options] <file>... <file>... source files (.ksy) -t, --target <language> target languages (graphviz, csharp, rust, all, perl, java, go, cpp_stl, php, lua, python, nim, html, ruby, construct, javascript) -w, --read-write generate read-write support in classes (default: read-only)
Compiling a .ksy specification in read-write mode
-
Java
-
Python
You can compile a .ksy spec to Java classes with serialization support like this:
jvm/target/universal/stage/bin/kaitai-struct-compiler --read-write --no-auto-read -t java <ksy-file>
You can compile a .ksy spec to Python classes with serialization support like this:
jvm/target/universal/stage/bin/kaitai-struct-compiler --read-write --no-auto-read -t python <ksy-file>
The most important option is --read-write
, which enables read-write mode. This adds the methods needed for serialization to the generated classes.
--no-auto-read
is explicitly specified here for demonstrative purposes. If you omit it, the compiler will still behave as if it were specified, because it’s implied by --read-write
. Normally in read-only mode, if you don’t specify --no-auto-read
, you can just use the fromFile
/ from_file
static method to parse a file and get the object with the extracted data immediately:
-
Java
-
Python
Gif g = Gif.fromFile("path/to/some.gif");
System.out.println("width = " + g.logicalScreen().imageWidth());
g = Gif.from_file("path/to/some.gif")
print("width = %d" % (g.logical_screen.image_width))
Or you can instantiate the Gif
class directly by invoking the class constructor and passing the stream to read from:
-
Java
-
Python
try (KaitaiStream io = new ByteBufferKaitaiStream("path/to/some.gif")) {
Gif g = new Gif(io);
System.out.println("width = " + g.logicalScreen().imageWidth());
}
with KaitaiStream(open("path/to/some.gif", 'rb')) as _io:
g = Gif(_io)
print("width = %d" % (g.logical_screen.image_width))
This is because the _read
method (responsible for parsing the data) is automatically called from constructors of the generated classes, and is also private
(in Java) because you never need to call it explicitly.
However, in read-write mode, it’s no longer clear to Kaitai Struct why you’re creating a particular object. The purpose may just be to create an empty object to be filled with data and later written, in which case you don’t want to read from any stream. For this reason, _read
is never called automatically in read-write mode - you need to call it explicitly if you want to read from a stream:
-
Java
-
Python
try (KaitaiStream io = new ByteBufferKaitaiStream("path/to/some.gif")) {
Gif g = new Gif(io);
g._read();
System.out.println("width = " + g.logicalScreen().imageWidth());
}
with KaitaiStream(open("path/to/some.gif", 'rb')) as _io:
g = Gif(_io)
g._read()
print("width = %d" % (g.logical_screen.image_width))
Installing the runtime library with serialization support
As with the compiler, the latest released 0.10 KS runtime libraries don’t have serialization capabilities yet.
-
Java
-
Python
In Java, you need to checkout the serialization branch of the https://github.com/kaitai-io/kaitai_struct_java_runtime repo:
git clone -b serialization https://github.com/kaitai-io/kaitai_struct_java_runtime.git
cd kaitai_struct_java_runtime
The runtime library is a dependency of all Java code generated by kaitai-struct-compiler
, so you have to build it and make it available to your generated Java "format library" at compile time. If you use Maven, run this command in the kaitai_struct_java_runtime
directory to build it and install it to your local Maven repository:
mvn install
|
Note
|
If the
|
Now you can include the serialization-capable Java runtime library in your project like this:
<dependency>
<groupId>io.kaitai</groupId>
<artifactId>kaitai-struct-runtime</artifactId>
<version>0.11-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
But note that the 0.11-SNAPSHOT
version only exists in your local Maven repository (~/.m2
) after you ran mvn install
in the Java runtime library folder.
In Python, you need to install the serialization branch of the https://github.com/kaitai-io/kaitai_struct_python_runtime library. You can do it with pip (package installer for Python); you also need Git while running the command because the installation involves cloning the branch from GitHub:
python -m pip install -U --pre git+https://github.com/kaitai-io/kaitai_struct_python_runtime.git@serialization
After that, you can import the serialization-capable KaitaiStream
class defined in the runtime library like this (generated modules do it too):
from kaitaistruct import KaitaiStream
For brevity, this import will be omitted from code snippets later in this guide, but it’s often needed.
General serialization procedure
Let’s start with a simple example to see how the serialization can be used. First, we compile the following .ksy specification in read-write mode:
meta:
id: hello_world
endian: le
seq:
- id: foo
type: s4
repeat: expr
repeat-expr: 2
This will generate a HelloWorld.java
/ hello_world.py
source file with class HelloWorld
. We want to set foo
to [-4, 65536]
and write the structure to bytes. This is how we do it:
-
Java
-
Python
HelloWorld hw = new HelloWorld();
hw.setFoo(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(-4, 65536)));
hw._check();
byte[] output = new byte[8];
try (KaitaiStream io = new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(output)) {
hw._write(io);
}
// output: [fc ff ff ff 00 00 01 00]
hw = HelloWorld()
hw.foo = [-4, 65536]
hw._check()
_io = KaitaiStream(io.BytesIO(bytearray(8)))
hw._write(_io)
output = _io.to_byte_array()
# output: [fc ff ff ff 00 00 01 00]
Note that there are essentially 4 phases of serialization:
-
Initialize an object instance of a KS-generated class (which reflects a user-defined type in the source .ksy specification).
-
Set the object properties (
seq
fields or positionalinstances
in the .ksy) according to the data you want to serialize. -
Call the
_check
method of the KS object after setting its properties once it’s ready for serialization. -
Call the
_write
method on the top-level object and pass theKaitaiStream
object you want to write to.
First, we create an empty instance of the top-level class HelloWorld
and bind it to the hw
variable. As you can see in the original .ksy spec, it has only one field called foo
, which is a list of two s4
(signed 4-byte) integers. We assign such list with the values we wanted to write to the foo
field (using the setFoo
setter in Java or just by setting the field in Python). After that, we believe that the hw
object is ready to be written, so we call hw._check()
. When it passes, we move on to the actual writing.
-
Java
-
Python
We prepare a byte array for the output, create a ByteBufferKaitaiStream
as a wrapper around this byte array and then call the _write
method on the top-level hw
object, which serializes it into the provided stream. After the try
-with-resources statement, output
holds the final byte data that we can, for example, write to a file or transfer over the network.
We create a KaitaiStream
backed by a BytesIO
object for the output and then call the _write
method on the top-level hw
object, which serializes it into the provided stream. After that, we call the to_byte_array
method on the KaitaiStream
. This gives us the final byte data that we can, for example, write to a file or transfer over the network.
Consistency checks: the _check
method
Let’s focus on what the _check
method does. We know that foo
is expected to be a list of exactly 2 integers (because of repeat-expr: 2
in the source .ksy). Every parsing of the hello_world
type tries to read 2 integers, and in any successfully parsed HelloWorld
object, foo
will be always 2 elements long. However, the setFoo
setter allows us to set any integer list - even if its length is 0, 1 or greater than 2.
Nevertheless, if we set foo
to a list of length other than 2 and write the hw
object to bytes, we won’t be able to get the same state of the HelloWorld
object by parsing these bytes again: either the parsing fails with an EOF exception if the stream was shorter than 8 bytes, or we get garbage values in foo
(if we attempted to write foo
with less than 2 elements) because we interpret some bytes outside foo
as if they were foo
values, or we may read 2 correct values, but the object we serialized had actually more. In such cases, it’s very much possible that not only the parsed foo
wouldn’t match the foo
we wrote, but also the offsets of all fields after foo
would be shifted, so their values would be incorrect too.
This is because by setting foo
to anything other than a 2-integer list, we violate the property of consistency - the data is not consistent with the constraints directly following from how the format is specified in the source .ksy file. Kaitai Struct knows these constraints, and generates assertions for them in the _check
method whenever possible. If _check
detects a consistency issue, it throws a ConsistencyError
, telling you to fix the problem and try again. This protects you from proceeding to the writing phase with inconsistent values, which would inevitably result into corrupt data that cannot be faithfully decoded back to the original values.
To see it in action, let’s try what happens if we set foo
to a list of length 3 and ask the HelloWorld
class what it thinks about the consistency of this object:
-
Java
-
Python
HelloWorld hw = new HelloWorld();
hw.setFoo(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(-4, 65536, 128)));
hw._check(); // io.kaitai.struct.ConsistencyError: Check failed: foo, expected: 2, actual: 3
hw = HelloWorld()
hw.foo = [-4, 65536, 128]
hw._check() # kaitaistruct.ConsistencyError: Check failed: foo, expected: 2, actual: 3
As expected, the _check
method caught the problem and threw an exception - the expected length of field foo
was 2, but it was 3, which doesn’t match the format definition.
Notes on individual features
User-defined types
Real-world .ksy specifications often define custom types in the types
section. For example:
meta:
id: user_types
endian: le
seq:
- id: one
type: chunk
types:
chunk:
seq:
- id: len_body
type: u4
- id: body
size: len_body
A typical way to serialize such format would be as follows:
-
Java
-
Python
UserTypes ut = new UserTypes();
UserTypes.Chunk one = new UserTypes.Chunk(null, ut, ut._root());
one.setLenBody(2);
one.setBody(new byte[] { 'h', 'i' });
one._check();
ut.setOne(one);
ut._check();
byte[] output = new byte[6];
try (KaitaiStream io = new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(output)) {
ut._write(io);
}
// output: [02 00 00 00 68 69]
ut = UserTypes()
one = UserTypes.Chunk(None, ut, ut._root)
one.len_body = 2
one.body = b"hi"
one._check()
ut.one = one
ut._check()
_io = KaitaiStream(io.BytesIO(bytearray(6)))
ut._write(_io)
output = _io.to_byte_array()
# output: [02 00 00 00 68 69]
First, we instantiate the root class UserTypes
as usual. Then we need the instance of the user-defined chunk
type, translated as UserTypes.Chunk
in Java or Python. We use the usual way to create an instance of a class, but this time using all 3 arguments of the constructor:
-
Java
-
Python
public Chunk(KaitaiStream _io, UserTypes _parent, UserTypes _root) {
// ...
}
class Chunk(ReadWriteKaitaiStruct):
def __init__(self, _io=None, _parent=None, _root=None):
# ...
The reason is that we must provide values for the _parent
and _root
parameters (see their description in the User Guide). These built-in references should be valid in all KS types so that it’s possible to rely on them in expressions inside the .ksy spec when needed. When you instantiate inner objects (any object instances of user-defined types other than the root object) manually, you have to set these properties correctly.
Note the generally-applicable rule of what should go there (let’s call the parent object as p
):
-
p
to_parent
(in this case,one
's parent object isut
because we’re doingut.setOne(one)
/ut.one = one
later), -
p._root()
/p._root
to_root
.
If you don’t set the correct values to both _parent
and _root
, it’s a consistency issue that will be reported in _check
of the parent object (ut
in this case):
-
Java
-
Python
UserTypes ut = new UserTypes();
UserTypes.Chunk one = new UserTypes.Chunk(null, ut); // WRONG: we didn't pass "ut._root()" to "_root"!
one.setLenBody(2);
one.setBody(new byte[] { 'h', 'i' });
one._check();
ut.setOne(one);
ut._check(); // io.kaitai.struct.ConsistencyError: Check failed: one, expected: org.example.UserTypes@539645a2, actual: null
ut = UserTypes()
one = UserTypes.Chunk(None, ut) # WRONG: we didn't pass "ut._root" to "_root"!
one.len_body = 2
one.body = b"hi"
one._check()
ut.one = one
ut._check() # kaitaistruct.ConsistencyError: Check failed: one, expected: <user_types.UserTypes object at 0x0000017A19626610>, actual: None
|
Note
|
The error message is a bit inconcrete at the moment, because it only says there’s a problem with the field
By looking into the generated code, we figure out that the |
After we create an instance of the UserTypes.Chunk
subtype, we set its properties, and then we call _check
. This is important: _check
always works only for the one object on which you call it, it doesn’t recursively descend into substructures (unlike _read
and _write
which do that, so you call them just on the top-level object). So it’s not enough to call _check
just on the top-level object - you have do it for every KS object on which you use setters.
-
Java
-
Python
UserTypes ut = new UserTypes();
UserTypes.Chunk one = new UserTypes.Chunk(null, ut, ut._root());
one.setLenBody(2);
one.setBody(new byte[] { 'h', 'i' });
one._check();
ut.setOne(one);
ut._check();
// ...
ut = UserTypes()
one = UserTypes.Chunk(None, ut, ut._root)
one.len_body = 2
one.body = b"hi"
one._check()
ut.one = one
ut._check()
# ...
Fixed contents and validated fields
After creating a new KS object, you must also set fields with contents
or valid
on them, even if there’s only one valid value they can have. Kaitai Struct doesn’t set them automatically at the moment. For example, the following magic
field
meta:
id: elf
# ...
seq:
- id: magic
contents: [0x7f, "ELF"]
needs to be set as follows:
-
Java
-
Python
Elf e = new Elf();
e.setMagic(new byte[] { 0x7f, 'E', 'L', 'F' });
// ...
e._check();
e = Elf()
e.magic = b"\x7fELF"
# ...
e._check()
The _check
method validates such fields, so you get notified if the values are not valid.
Value instances
They don’t have setters. If you need to make value instances change, you have to set their inputs (fields they depend on). For example:
meta:
id: value_instances
seq:
- id: len_data_raw
type: u1
- id: data
size: len_data
instances:
len_data:
value: len_data_raw - 3
-
Java
-
Python
ValueInstances r = new ValueInstances();
r.setData(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 });
r.setLenDataRaw(8);
System.out.println(r.lenData()); // => 5
r = ValueInstances()
r.data = b"\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05"
r.len_data_raw = 8
print(r.len_data) # => 5
We set a 5-byte array to data
, so for the object to be consistent, we need len_data
to be 5
. Since it’s defined as len_data_raw - 3
, we set len_data_raw
to 8
, which makes len_data
to be 8 - 3 = 5
.
What happens if you want to change the length of data
in this existing object? Instances in KS are cached, so even if you change len_data_raw
, len_data
will still keep returning the old cached value (5
):
-
Java
-
Python
// ...
System.out.println(r.lenData()); // => 5
r.setData(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3 });
r.setLenDataRaw(6);
System.out.println(r.lenData()); // => 5 (!)
# ...
print(r.len_data) # => 5
r.data = b"\x01\x02\x03"
r.len_data_raw = 6
print(r.len_data) # => 5 (!)
To fix this, you need to call a special method _invalidate{Inst}
(_invalidate_{inst}
in Python) associated with the value instance after changing len_data_raw
:
-
Java
-
Python
// ...
System.out.println(r.lenData()); // => 5
r.setData(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3 });
r.setLenDataRaw(6);
r._invalidateLenData();
System.out.println(r.lenData()); // => 3
# ...
print(r.len_data) # => 5
r.data = b"\x01\x02\x03"
r.len_data_raw = 6
r._invalidate_len_data()
print(r.len_data) # => 3
The Java’s _invalidate{Inst}
/ Python’s _invalidate_{inst}
method invalidates the cached value of the instance so that it’s recalculated on the next access.
Parse instances
They have setters and their own _check{Inst}
(_check_{inst}
) method which you should call. Additionally, you can also use a special boolean setter set{Inst}_ToWrite
hello (in Python you’d assign a boolean to a property {inst}__to_write
), allowing you to disable writing of a specific instance (as r.set{Inst}_ToWrite(false)
in Java, or r.{inst}__to_write = False
in Python) in a particular KS object. This may be useful for C-style union
members (several overlapping fields with different types, but only one applies in any object), lookaheads or other positional instances you don’t want to write.
Parameters
You can give them to the constructor when instantiating the KS type and you can later change them via setters. Again, KS doesn’t set almost anything automatically, so you’re usually in charge of setting all parameters, even though you need to set the parameters to same values that the parent type would pass to them. The _check
method of the parent type contains checks whether this holds.
|
Note
|
A known issue is that there’s no setter for the built-in _is_le parameter used to inherit the calculated default endianness from a parent type, so if you want to change it in an existing object, for the time being you need to recreate the object with the correct _is_le passed to the constructor, or use reflection to set this private field. This will be improved later.
|
Stream parameters
The only parameters you normally don’t set are parameters of base type io
(a KaitaiStream-compatible I/O stream). These are declared as type: io
or type: io[]
. They are set automatically by the generated serialization code in inner objects (objects with a parent object). However, if your root object has a stream parameter, you have to set it yourself, because Kaitai Struct has no way of knowing what to pass there (the invocation of the root object obviously isn’t in the .ksy spec).
Streams passed as parameters to the top-level object also require special attention. When you call r._write()
on the root object r
, substreams of the r
's stream will be collapsed to it. However, this won’t happen for the unconnected streams added externally via parameters, because they’re not in the normal hierarchy of streams under the root stream (and the _write
method that you call knows directly only about the root stream, so it can only flatten its substreams). So for every external stream, you have to manually call extIo.writeBackChildStreams()
in Java / ext_io.write_back_child_streams()
in Python after invoking r._write()
on the root object.
Lengths and offsets
Current serialization support relies on fixed-length streams, meaning that once you create a stream, it’s not possible to resize it later. Therefore, you’ll often need to calculate sizes "manually" in your application along with setting the object properties (at least for the root stream, which you have to provide to the _write
method). The recommended way to do that is outlined in this GitHub comment.
Enums
Enum values not present in the enum definition are not supported in Java or Python right now. An attempt to write them causes NullPointerException
in Java, AttributeError
in Python.
Bit-sized integers
Unlike the existing parser implementation of bit types which relied on explicit alignToByte()
calls (and this resulted in many problems, because in many cases the compiler failed in where to insert them and where not), all byte-aligned operations in Java and Python runtime libraries with serialization support now perform the byte alignment automatically, and the explicit alignToByte()
calls shouldn’t be needed anymore.
When you write a structure with X
-bit type: bX
fields, only full bytes are written once they’re known. This means that if your format ends at an unaligned bit position, the bits of the final partial byte remain in the internal "bit buffer", but they will not be written to the underlying stream until you do some operation which aligns the position to a byte boundary (e.g. writeBytes(0)
, seek(…)
, or explicit writeAlignToByte()
). However, if you don’t have anything else to write and don’t need to work with that stream anymore, it’s recommended to close()
the stream, which automatically writes the remaning bits (if any) before closing the stream.
-
Java
-
Python
This is why you should use the try
-with-resources statement to create and manage the stream, as you saw in previous examples:
try (KaitaiStream io = new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(output)) {
hw._write(io);
}
It calls close()
automatically at the end of the try
-with-resources block, so you don’t have to think about it.
In Python, the feature of KaitaiStream.close()
that it flushes unwritten bits is effectively only meaningful for file streams. This is because the in-memory BytesIO
stream (see io.BytesIO in Python docs) discards the underlying bytes buffer when the close()
method is called. Once BytesIO.close()
is called (which KaitaiStream.close()
does call), you lose all data associated with the BytesIO
object. So any data must be exported from the BytesIO
before it’s closed.
|
Note
|
It’s not even that important to close And when it comes to freeing memory early, calling |
In contrast, file streams (typically from the open() function) need to be closed, especially if you have been writing to them. See the section 7.2. Reading and Writing Files in the official Python tutorial (f
is a file object previously returned by open()):
Warning: Calling
f.write()
without using thewith
keyword or callingf.close()
might result in the arguments off.write()
not being completely written to the disk, even if the program exits successfully.
So from the KS perspective, the recommendations are the following:
-
If you use
BytesIO
to create the rootKaitaiStream
object, you don’t need to callclose()
or use thewith
keyword to call it automatically. After you write the KS object to the stream, use theto_byte_array()
method ofKaitaiStream
to convert the stream to bytes, as you saw in previous code snippets:_io = KaitaiStream(io.BytesIO(bytearray(8))) hw._write(_io) output = _io.to_byte_array()
This method works even if the format ends at an unaligned bit position - the
to_byte_array()
method implicitly aligns the stream position to a byte boundary, so the buffered bits are flushed before the bytes are exported. -
If you use a file object (typically from open()) to initialize the
KaitaiStream
, it’s best to use thewith
keyword to manage the stream. But given thatKaitaiStream
relies on being fixed-length, note that the file must already have the final size once you pass it toKaitaiStream
(theKaitaiStream
object currently remembers the stream size at creation time and won’t allowwrite*()
methods to exceed it). You can use truncate() to set the file length. Like this:f = open('path/to/file.bin', 'wb') # use io.open() instead if you care about Python 2 compatibility f.truncate(8) with KaitaiStream(f) as _io: hw._write(_io)
Note that it’s not necessary to manage the file object using the
with
keyword too -KaitaiStream
consumes the given underlying I/O stream (in this case the file objectf
) and takes care of closing it once it’s being closed itself.
Consistency checks that cannot be done in _check
Sometimes a consistency check cannot be performed in _check
because the user expressions from the .ksy specification that the check needs to use do not allow it. A typical example is when the expression makes use of the built-in _io
variable, for example:
seq:
- id: rest
size: _io.size - _io.pos
Since it’s a fixed-length byte array with the size
expression denoting its length, it’s necessary to check whether the length of the rest
byte array (that might have been changed via a setter) and the value of the size
expression _io.size - _io.pos
match. But this expression uses _io
, so it cannot be performed in _check
: _check
is meant to check pure data consistency and the _io
may not available at this point. So this consistency check will be moved to _write
just before the rest
field would be written.


Devon Martin's CPE-123-17 Portfolio
My Labs
(Those with filled circles are completed)
Lab 1 - Face Using Four Shapes
Lab 2 - Creature
Lab 3 - Warm/Cool Color Scene
Lab 4 - Magic Box
Lab 5 - Night Scene with Parameteric Shapes
Lab 6 - Eyeballs (Vectors and Circles)
Lab 7 - Image Morph
Lab 8 - Bouncing
Lab 9 - Fireworks
Lab 10 - Vanishing Point
Lab 11 - Hierarchical Modeling
My Projects
(Those with filled circles are completed)
Project 1 - Face Pixels
Project 2 - Social Interactions


Seema Fancy Store is one of the oldest clothing and cosmetics store in Laugain and Bodgaun area of Kapilvastu District, Nepal. Seema Fancy store is owned by Bhandari Family who have been in business for about two decades. What is your name dear? What is your Email Address? What is your date of Birth? Attach your picture here. Your Sex? Male Female What do you like to do in sparetime? Dance Sing Play Games Which state do you live. Minnesota Missouri Iowa Comments Enter your comments here


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block styles %} {{ block.super }} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
Describe any usability issues you are encountering, odd behaviors in the app itself, formatting issues or seemingly incorrect data.
{% if error %} We are having an issue sending your message. Sorry for the inconvenience. {% endif %}


Approximately 1.25 million American children and adults have type 1 diabetes
Out of 29.1 million people with diabetes, 8.1 million are undiagnosed
1.4 million Americans are diagnosed with diabetes each year
People with diabetes in there family are more likely to suffer from this condition
Non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, and American Indian/Alaska Native adults are about twice as likely to have diagnosed diabetes as non-Hispanic white adults
People with diabetes have an increased risk of serious health complications including vision loss, heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, amputation of toes, feet or legs, and premature death
Diabetes is the 7th leading cause of death in the United States


◄ 38th IPHO 2007 ►
Country results • Individual results
| Contestant | Country | Rank | Award |
|---|---|---|---|
| Youngjoon Choi | Republic of Korea | 1 | Gold Medal |
| Xingyue Peng | People's Republic of China | 2 | Gold Medal |
| Tony (Han) Zhu | Canada | 3 | Gold Medal |
| Jiazhong Hu | People's Republic of China | 4 | Gold Medal |
| Dmitry Mylnikov | Russia | 5 | Gold Medal |
| Satoru Takakura | Japan | 6 | Gold Medal |
| Tomáš Bzdušek | Slovakia | 7 | Gold Medal |
| Hyung Jun Kim | Republic of Korea | 8 | Gold Medal |
| Nguyen Tat Nghia | Vietnam | 9 | Gold Medal |
| Kseniya Solovyeva | Russia | 10 | Gold Medal |
| Li Haoyi | Singapore | 11 | Gold Medal |
| Andrey Kotov | Russia | 12 | Gold Medal |
| Yuto Murashita | Japan | 13 | Gold Medal |
| Peter W. Ford | United Kingdom | 14 | Gold Medal |
| Muhammad Firmansyah Kasim | Indonesia | 15 | Gold Medal |
| Bingxi Qian | People's Republic of China | 16 | Gold Medal |
| Rohit Singh | India | 17 | Gold Medal |
| Chien-Chang Chen | Taiwan | 18 | Gold Medal |
| Mohammad Hallajian | Islamic Republic of Iran | 19 | Gold Medal |
| Raman M. Sharma | India | 20 | Gold Medal |
| Pavel Motloch | Czech Republic | 21 | Gold Medal |
| Chaoming Jian | People's Republic of China | 22 | Gold Medal |
| Đorđe Radičević | Serbia | 23 | Gold Medal |
| Kasidit Toprasertpong | Thailand | 24 | Gold Medal |
| Onur Örnek | Turkey | 25 | Gold Medal |
| Mohammad Mehdi Asefzadeh | Islamic Republic of Iran | 26 | Gold Medal |
| Dalimil Mazáč | Czech Republic | 27 | Gold Medal |
| Haofei Wei | United States of America | 28 | Gold Medal |
| Gábor Kónya | Hungary | 29 | Gold Medal |
| Jason R. LaRue | United States of America | 30 | Gold Medal |
| Maksym Manakov | Ukraine | 31 | Gold Medal |
| Dmytro Agarkov | Ukraine | 32 | Gold Medal |
| Shao Qi Daniel Sim | Singapore | 33 | Gold Medal |
| Bruno Le Floch | France | 34 | Gold Medal |
| Maksim V. Sevelev | Belarus | 35 | Gold Medal |
| Duc Thang Bui | Vietnam | 36 | Gold Medal |
| Lin Fei | Canada | 37 | Gold Medal |
| Seung Hyuck Jeon | Republic of Korea | 38 | Silver Medal |
| Balázs Meszéna | Hungary | 39 | Silver Medal |
| Praphruetpong Athiwaratkun | Thailand | 40 | Silver Medal |
| Yaroslav Beltyukov | Russia | 41 | Silver Medal |
| Bartłomiej Kaminski | Poland | 42 | Silver Medal |
| Guilhem Boeris | France | 43 | Silver Medal |
| Vladimír Boža | Slovakia | 44 | Silver Medal |
| Thomas W. Hiscock | United Kingdom | 45 | Silver Medal |
| Rudy Handoko Tanin | Indonesia | 46 | Silver Medal |
| Erich W. Eckner | Germany | 47 | Silver Medal |
| Harsh H. Pareek | India | 48 | Silver Medal |
| Miklós Werner | Hungary | 49 | Silver Medal |
| Cristina Georgeta Popa | Romania | 50 | Silver Medal |
| Aliaksandr A. Hlymbotski | Belarus | 51 | Silver Medal |
| Yusuke Morita | Japan | 52 | Silver Medal |
| Peter P. Petrov | Bulgaria | 53 | Silver Medal |
| Johannes B. Hofmann | Germany | 54 | Silver Medal |
| Maxime Gerardin | France | 55 | Silver Medal |
| Ilia Smilga | France | 56 | Silver Medal |
| Musawwadah Mukhtar | Indonesia | 57 | Silver Medal |
| Amin Rezaeezadeh | Islamic Republic of Iran | 58 | Silver Medal |
| Jakub Benda | Czech Republic | 59 | Silver Medal |
| Jenny L. Kwan | United States of America | 60 | Silver Medal |
| Aoxi Li | People's Republic of China | 61 | Silver Medal |
| Kento Masuda | Japan | 62 | Silver Medal |
| Chanon Ariyaprakai | Thailand | 63 | Silver Medal |
| Yerbol Y. Bekbayev | Kazakhstan | 64 | Silver Medal |
| Tobias Holder | Germany | 65 | Silver Medal |
| Kang-Yun Yang | Taiwan | 66 | Silver Medal |
| Yak Xin Yang | Singapore | 67 | Silver Medal |
| Hahn Sol Bae | Republic of Korea | 68 | Silver Medal |
| Pratyush S. Pandey | India | 69 | Silver Medal |
| Kenan S. Diab | United States of America | 70 | Silver Medal |
| Byung Min Kang | Republic of Korea | 71 | Silver Medal |
| Ilja Göthel | Germany | 72 | Silver Medal |
| Svilen Kanev | Bulgaria | 73 | Silver Medal |
| Mohammad Ali Emami Khansari | Islamic Republic of Iran | 74 | Silver Medal |
| Bastian Hacker | Germany | 75 | Silver Medal |
| Thanh Tung Mai | Vietnam | 76 | Silver Medal |
| Yosua Michael Maranatha | Indonesia | 77 | Silver Medal |
| Rui Hu | United States of America | 78 | Silver Medal |
| Maksim Stepanenko | Kyrgyzstan | 79 | Silver Medal |
| Do Hoang Anh | Vietnam | 80 | Silver Medal |
| Chang-Chi Wu Chinese | Taiwan | 81 | Silver Medal |
| Georgel Bogdan Alexandru | Romania | 82 | Silver Medal |
| Wai Tat Ho | Hong Kong | 83 | Silver Medal |
| Yue Hang Leung | Hong Kong | 84 | Bronze Medal |
| Wai Yeung Lam | Hong Kong | 85 | Bronze Medal |
| Voravit Vorapipat | Thailand | 86 | Bronze Medal |
| Markus Legner | Austria | 87 | Bronze Medal |
| Po-Hao Huang | Taiwan | 88 | Bronze Medal |
| Samuel Hapák | Slovakia | 89 | Bronze Medal |
| Gábor Almási | Hungary | 90 | Bronze Medal |
| Pavlo Bulanchuk | Ukraine | 91 | Bronze Medal |
| Khoo Kent Loong | Malaysia | 92 | Bronze Medal |
| Martin Farlotti | France | 93 | Bronze Medal |
| Pavel M. Hulevich | Belarus | 94 | Bronze Medal |
| József Konczer | Slovakia | 95 | Bronze Medal |
| Vladimir Vanovschi | Moldova | 96 | Bronze Medal |
| Gurbangeldi Hudayberdiyev | Turkmenistan | 97 | Bronze Medal |
| Cheng-Ju Lin Chinese | Taiwan | 98 | Bronze Medal |
| David Halim | Indonesia | 99 | Bronze Medal |
| Vitali A. Liauchuk | Belarus | 100 | Bronze Medal |
| Namiq Hasanov | Azerbaijan | 101 | Bronze Medal |
| Tze Ho Tang | Hong Kong | 102 | Bronze Medal |
| Nicolň Grilli | Italy | 103 | Bronze Medal |
| Tsang Keung Chan | Hong Kong | 104 | Bronze Medal |
| Stefan Krastanov | Bulgaria | 105 | Bronze Medal |
| Ali-Reza Shahbaazi | Islamic Republic of Iran | 106 | Bronze Medal |
| Andrei I. Malinouski | Belarus | 107 | Bronze Medal |
| Goulong Li | Belgium | 108 | Bronze Medal |
| Kyrylo Bondarenko | Ukraine | 109 | Bronze Medal |
| Mingliang Zhou | United Kingdom | 110 | Bronze Medal |
| Marek Scholle | Czech Republic | 111 | Bronze Medal |
| Daiki Nishiguchi | Japan | 112 | Bronze Medal |
| Alexandru Bogdan Georgescu | Romania | 113 | Bronze Medal |
| Polnop Samutpraphoot | Thailand | 114 | Bronze Medal |
| Stanislav Zavjalov | Estonia | 115 | Bronze Medal |
| Jingyuan (Linda) Zhang | Canada | 116 | Bronze Medal |
| Belemir Çoban | Turkey | 117 | Bronze Medal |
| Žilvinas Rimas | Lithuania | 118 | Bronze Medal |
| Mattia C. Sormani | Italy | 119 | Bronze Medal |
| Simon R. M. Wright | Ireland | 120 | Bronze Medal |
| Thomas F. Lima | Brazil | 121 | Bronze Medal |
| Lukáš Ledvina | Czech Republic | 122 | Bronze Medal |
| Yifan Wang | Canada | 123 | Bronze Medal |
| Wan Jen Cheryl Quah | Singapore | 124 | Bronze Medal |
| Mārtiņš Purins | Latvia | 125 | Bronze Medal |
| Yiu Wah Daniel Lo | Singapore | 126 | Bronze Medal |
| Arsen Mamikonyan | Armenia | 127 | Bronze Medal |
| Lénárd Szolnoki | Hungary | 128 | Bronze Medal |
| Gļebs Ivanovskis | Latvia | 129 | Bronze Medal |
| Parviz Hajiyev | Azerbaijan | 130 | Bronze Medal |
| Paul H. J. McElhinney | Ireland | 131 | Bronze Medal |
| Oles' Shtan'ko | Ukraine | 132 | Bronze Medal |
| Victor Popescu Stroe | Romania | 133 | Bronze Medal |
| Stefan Sanduleanu | Moldova | 134 | Bronze Medal |
| Sergey Efimov | Russia | 135 | Honourable Mention |
| Edvin Memet | Romania | 136 | Honourable Mention |
| Gavrail T. Tatarliev | Bulgaria | 137 | Honourable Mention |
| Denis Nardin | Italy | 138 | Honourable Mention |
| Vivek U. C. Lohani | India | 139 | Honourable Mention |
| Admir Greljo | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 140 | Honourable Mention |
| Jakub M. Sikorowski | Poland | 141 | Honourable Mention |
| Zeeshan Javed | Pakistan | 142 | Honourable Mention |
| Jure Ausec | Slovenia | 143 | Honourable Mention |
| Yvette Welling | Netherlands | 144 | Honourable Mention |
| Ngoc Hung Nguyen | Vietnam | 145 | Honourable Mention |
| Rogier Huurman | Netherlands | 146 | Honourable Mention |
| Marcel Scholten | Netherlands | 147 | Honourable Mention |
| Pawel Tomasik | Poland | 148 | Honourable Mention |
| Devanand Sukhdeo | Canada | 149 | Honourable Mention |
| Aleksas Mazeliauskas | Lithuania | 150 | Honourable Mention |
| Otgonbaatar Uuganbayar | Mongolia | 151 | Honourable Mention |
| Cavan Chiam Choon Hao | Malaysia | 152 | Honourable Mention |
| Michal Kovaľ | Slovakia | 153 | Honourable Mention |
| Doycho P. Karagyozov | Bulgaria | 154 | Honourable Mention |
| Guntars Kitenbergs | Latvia | 155 | Honourable Mention |
| Andria Esakia | Georgia | 156 | Honourable Mention |
| Vladan Pavlović | Serbia | 157 | Honourable Mention |
| Tómas Pálsson | Iceland | 158 | Honourable Mention |
| Vitalii Abetkin | Moldova | 159 | Honourable Mention |
| Gaspar Francisco Fernandez De Asis | Spain | 160 | Honourable Mention |
| Pawel Duch | Poland | 161 | Honourable Mention |
| Emanuele Sobacchi | Italy | 162 | Honourable Mention |
| Nikola Otašević | Serbia | 163 | Honourable Mention |
| Stefano Bolzonella | Italy | 164 | Honourable Mention |
| Hakan Atakişi | Turkey | 165 | Honourable Mention |
| Arūnas Radzvilavičius | Lithuania | 166 | Honourable Mention |
| Gediminas Pekšys | Lithuania | 167 | Honourable Mention |
| Timotej Lazar | Slovenia | 168 | Honourable Mention |
| Lukas Krasauskas | Lithuania | 169 | Honourable Mention |
| Andreas Theiler | Austria | 170 | Honourable Mention |
| Mark Moriarty | Ireland | 171 | Honourable Mention |
| Jaan Katus | Estonia | 172 | Honourable Mention |
| Paul A. Gillard | United Kingdom | 173 | Honourable Mention |
| Strahinja Janković | Serbia | 174 | Honourable Mention |
| Ng Xin Zhao | Malaysia | 175 | Honourable Mention |
| Aibek A. Mukhamediyev | Kazakhstan | 176 | Honourable Mention |
| Aykut Argun | Turkey | 177 | Honourable Mention |
| Mikhail Savin | Finland | 178 | Honourable Mention |
| Zhandos Z. Seksembayev | Kazakhstan | 179 | Honourable Mention |
| Viktor Ogeman | Sweden | 180 | Honourable Mention |
| Nasharov A. Askar | Kazakhstan | 181 | Honourable Mention |
| Christian L. Ebbesen | Denmark | 182 | Honourable Mention |
| Alejandro Leon Gimeno Sanz | Spain | 183 | Honourable Mention |
| Roland Diggelmann | Switzerland | 184 | Honourable Mention |
| Simon Birrer | Switzerland | 185 | Honourable Mention |
| Joonas J. P. Ilmavirta | Finland | 186 | Honourable Mention |
| Menua Gevorgyan | Armenia | 187 | Honourable Mention |
| Jurijs Varnels | Latvia | 188 | Honourable Mention |
| Luis Felipe Ponce Alvarez | Cuba | 189 | Honourable Mention |
| Alice V. Webster | United Kingdom | 190 | Honourable Mention |
| Anton K. J. Laitinen | Finland | 191 | Honourable Mention |
| John Konig Walles | Sweden | 192 | Honourable Mention |
| Marek Jarkovoi | Estonia | 193 | Honourable Mention |
| Adrian M. Panasiuk | Poland | 194 | Honourable Mention |
| Bishal Lamichhane | Nepal | 195 | Honourable Mention |
| Ioannis Dimitroglou | Greece | 196 | Honourable Mention |
| Juan A. Rodriguez Garcia | Mexico | 197 | Honourable Mention |
| Phann Sophearin | Cambodia | 198 | Honourable Mention |
| Azat Sulaev | Kyrgyzstan | 199 | Honourable Mention |
| Jaka Gogala | Slovenia | 200 | Honourable Mention |
| Martin Hauge | Norway | 201 | Honourable Mention |
| Heikki J. J. Mäntysaari | Finland | 202 | Honourable Mention |
| Pieterjan M. A. Goedertier | Belgium | 203 | Honourable Mention |
| Emir Nurov | Turkmenistan | 204 | Honourable Mention |
| Bakhrom Oripov | Tajikistan | 205 | Honourable Mention |
| Troels Irgens-Møller | Denmark | 206 | Honourable Mention |
| Johanna Nyffeler | Switzerland | 207 | Honourable Mention |
| Uku Hämarik | Estonia | 208 | Honourable Mention |
| Simon Corrodi | Switzerland | 209 | Honourable Mention |
| Mohd Farhan Mohd Jafri | Malaysia | 210 | Honourable Mention |
| Yusuf Büyükdağ | Turkey | 211 | Honourable Mention |
| Eamon A. Robinson | Ireland | 212 | Honourable Mention |
| Enkhee Temuulen | Mongolia | 213 | Honourable Mention |
| Suleman Mahmood | Pakistan | 214 | Honourable Mention |
| Monica Tatiana Rincon Ramirez | Colombia | 215 | Honourable Mention |
| Mediha Zukić | Bosnia and Herzegovina | ≥216 | |
| Adrijana Lipovac | Bosnia and Herzegovina | ≥216 | |
| Goran Šibenik | Bosnia and Herzegovina | ≥216 | |
| Jovica Lelek | Bosnia and Herzegovina | ≥216 |
Results may be incomplete or incorrect.
Please send the relevant information to the webmaster:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>If you are a participant you can send a personal page URL to be attached to your name.
If you are a participant you can send a personal page URL to be attached to your name.


Class: c3.Base Abstract
| Defined in: | js/c3.coffee |
Overview
The Base parent object that all c3 visualizations are inherited from.
Visualization Object Construction
c3 follows the convention that users should pass an "options" object to render() or the constructor when creating a visualization object. That options object is then used to "extend" the newly created visualization object. Thus, any members of that options object become members of the visualization. With this mechanism any properties defined in the class prototype will act as a default value. Setting options are optional unless marked as REQUIRED in the documentation.
External Interface
This Base object defines a set of methods as the standard external interface for visualizations:
- render() - Initial rendering (usually only called once)
- resize() - Resize the visualization to match new div anchor size
- redraw() - Redraw the visualization to reflect updated data
- restyle() - Update the CSS styles and classes to reflect updated options
Internal Implementation
The following methods represent the implementation of the visualization.
They are broken down this way to allow optimizations and reduce redundant work.
Individual visualizations should implement virtual methods that are named the same as these
only with a preceding underscore such as _init()
, _size()
, and so on.
- init() - One-time initialization
- size() - Update state and scales based on new anchor div element size
- update() - Update any DOM data bindings or state based on new or modified data set
- draw(origin) - Place the actual DOM elements based on the anchor size
- style(style_new) - Set the DOM element styles and classes
Extensibility and Events
To support extensibility and user customization of visualizations, all c3 visualizations will fire events to reflect the external API. Clients may attach handlers to these events to perform additional actions, further modify the DOM, attach more handlers to DOM elements, freely leverage D3, etc. These events are named to match the cooresponding external API. Events named with an "_start" appended will also be fired before the coorespdoning external API action is taken to allow customizations to perform actions either before or after the default built-in behaviour.
Styling
Visualizations generally have several approaches to determine the styles of various DOM elements with different performance and flexitility tradeoffs.
- First, the c3 library itself sets various default styles for certain items. These generally are about functionality and it tries not to specify a default look.
- The client may set up CSS stylesheet rules to determine how various DOM elements look. For example, the fill color for all area graphs may be set with ".c3.plot layer.area path { fill: red; }"
- A CSS class can be assigned to a specific instance for per-chart styles.
The
class
andclasses
properties in c3.Selection.Options are useful for this. - c3.Selection.Options.styles provides a mechanism to set styles for individual elements based on a constant or a callback function.
- Finally, with the aid of events, the user can attach a handler and manually modify the DOM with complete freedom using D3, JQuery, direct W3C DOM API, or any other mechanism.
Examples:
Creating and extending a new visualization
var my_table = new c3.Table({
anchor: '#my_div',
data: [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ],
columns: [
{
header: { text: "Number" },
cells: { text: (datum)=> datum },
}, {
header: { text: "Squared" },
cells: { text: (datum)=> datum * datum },
}
]
});
my_table.on('redraw', function() { console.log("Table redraw was called; add customizations here."); });
Direct Known Subclasses
Variables Summary
- anchor =
-
undefined
[String, DOM node] Optional selector string or DOM node to attach visualization to. If no anchor is provided, then a div node is created but not attached to the DOM when you render(). The anchor proprety refers to this node so you can attach it to the DOM later as you wish.
Examples:
anchor: "#my_node"
anchor: $('#my_node')[0]
anchor: d3.select('#my_node').node()
anchor: d3.select('#your_node').append('div').attr('id','my_node').node()
- height =
-
undefined
[Number,String] The height of the visualization in pixels. c3 will update this value when resize() is called based on the anchor size. Either c3 can initially set this value based on the anchor element size or the user can set it, in which case c3 will size the anchor element accordingly.
- width =
-
undefined
[Number,String] The width of the visualization in pixels. c3 will update this value when resize() is called based on the anchor size. Either c3 can initially set this value based on the anchor element size or the user can set it, in which case c3 will size the anchor element accordingly.
- anchor_styles =
-
undefined
[Object] Object pairs to set CSS styles. This is only called during initial rendering. Keys represent the style names and values are callbacks or values to set that style.
- handlers =
-
undefined
[Object] An object to setup event handlers on the chart for user extensions with a declarative style. The keys represent the event names and the values are the cooresponding handlers. This is really just a shortcut for calling the
on()
method on your instantiated visualization object.
Instance Method Summary
- # (void) render(opt) Bound Initial rendering
- # (void) resize(width, height) Bound Resize the visualization explicitly or to match the size of its associated anchor div DOM element.
- # (void) redraw(origin = 'redraw') Bound Update the visualization to reflect new/removed or updated data
- # (void) restyle() Bound Restyle the elements to reflect updated data
- # (void) init() Initialization
- # (void) _prep()
- # (void) _init()
- # (void) size(width, height) Update state and scales based on current size of the anchor div DOM element
- # (void) _size()
- # (void) update(origin) Update DOM data bindings based on new or modified data set
- # (void) _update()
- # (void) draw(origin) Actually place DOM elements based on current scales.
- # (void) _draw()
- # (void) style(style_new) Set the DOM elements styles, classes, etc.
- # (void) _style()
Constructor Details
#
(void)
constructor(opt)
Instance Method Details
#
(void)
render(opt)
Bound
Initial rendering
#
(void)
resize(width, height)
Bound
Resize the visualization explicitly or to match the size of its associated anchor div DOM element. Call this if the DOM element changes size in order to properly refresh the visualization.
#
(void)
redraw(origin = 'redraw')
Bound
Update the visualization to reflect new/removed or updated data
#
(void)
restyle()
Bound
Restyle the elements to reflect updated data
#
(void)
init()
Initialization
#
(void)
_prep()
#
(void)
_init()
#
(void)
size(width, height)
Update state and scales based on current size of the anchor div DOM element
#
(void)
_size()
#
(void)
update(origin)
Update DOM data bindings based on new or modified data set
#
(void)
_update()
#
(void)
draw(origin)
Actually place DOM elements based on current scales. This is separated from update() so resizing can update the DOM without needing to update data bindings.
#
(void)
_draw()
#
(void)
style(style_new)
Set the DOM elements styles, classes, etc. This is separated from draw() so that users can update the styles of the visualization when the change doesn't need to rebind data and they know the change won't affect DOM element placement or size. instead of all of them, as a performance optimization. This is only a hint and is implementation specific.
#
(void)
_style()


Growing out of the experiences with web annotation software (Annotator.js, Hypothes.is, and others), Apache Annotator is a collaboration between developers of annotation tools to bundle our efforts.
The goal is to help developers of annotation tools create their applications without having to reinvent the wheel, while applying a standards-driven approach based on the W3C’s Web Annotation data model, in order to facilitate an ecosystem of interoperable annotation tools — ideally making annotations an integral part of the web.
We are currently working on a basic set of modules for core tasks such as anchoring annotations to their targets. We welcome developers and community members interested in the future of annotation. Please reach out on our mailing list or join us on one of our weekly calls! We'd love to have your input and help.
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Subscribe to the mailing list by sending an (empty) email to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Once you’re in, feel free to introduce yourself and tell about your interest in Annotator!


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