Teleplay by: Sherry Bilsing & Ellen Plummer
Story by: Vanessa McCarthy
Transcribed by: Eric Aasen
[Scene: Joey and Rachel's, Joey is knocking on Rachels door, whose door frame is decorated with balloons. The rest of the gang is there as well. Rachel opens the door and the gang blow on noisemakers.]
Ross: Happy birthday!!!
Monica: Happy birthday!!!
(Rachel glares at them and goes back into her room, closing her door.)
All: Rach! Come on! Rach!
Monica: Its your birthday!
Tag: (entering from her room) Hey.
Chandler: (To Monica) Shes not as pretty as she was when she was 29.
Tag: Ms. Green would like to establish some ground rules before she comes out. She would appreciate it if you dont use the words old or downhill or (To Joey) they still look pretty damn good. (Joey smiles and everyone glares at him.)
Joey: They do!
Phoebe: Rachel! Come on out! Monica made breakfast!
Monica: Chocolate-chip pancakes!
(There is no response from Rachel.)
Ross: Weve got presents!
(She opens the door.)
Rachel: Good ones?
Monica: They all came from the list you handed out to us two weeks ago.
Rachel: Well, can I keep the presents and still be 29?
Joey: Come on Rach! Look, turning thirty is not that big a deal.
Ross: Oh really. Is that how you felt when you turned thirty?
[Flashback to Joeys thirtieth birthday party. It is being held in Monica and Chandlers apartment.]
Joey: (screaming) Why God?!! Why?!! We had a deal!! Let the others grow old! Not me!! (He buries his head in Phoebes lap for comfort.)
[Cut back to Rachels party, everyone is now eating breakfast, except Rachel.]
Rachel: Yknow, Im still 29 in Guam.
Ross: Hey, 30 is not that old! Do you know how old the Earth is?
Rachel: Late thirties?  Is it just me? Am I overreacting to this?
Chandler: No Rach, its not just you. My thirtieth birthday certainly wasnt that much fun.
[Flashback to Chandlers thirtieth birthday party. It is also being held in Monica and his apartment. He is about to blow out the candles on his birthday cake.]
Joey: (screaming) And now Chandler! Were all gettin so old! (Looking up) Why are you doing this to us?! (Turns away crying.)
Opening Credits
[Scene: Joey and Rachel's, breakfast is finished but Rachels still down.]
 Come on, youve got a great job! Good friends
Joey: Yeah, youre roommate is a soap opera star.
Rachel: Look, yknow I know my lifes going pretty well, but I look around and I just see so many people whove accomplished so many other goals by the time theyre thirty.
Phoebe: Yeah, but you shouldnt compare yourself to me.
[Flashback to: The Street in front of Central Perk, Ross and Joey are holding a yellow tape across the road and everyone is cheering Phoebe as she bounces around the corner on a hippity-hop.]
All: Come on Phoebe! You can do it Phoebe! Come on!
Rachel: There you go!
(She crosses the line and they all cheer again.)
Phoebe: I did it! One mile on a hippity-hop! Thats it!! Thats everything I wanted to do before I was thirty. Oh, except I wanted to patch things up with my sister. But oh well. Yay!! (They all cheer again.) And-and girls this thing is a Godsend if you know what I mean. (Rachel and Monica look intrigued and as they all head into Central Perk, Rachel picks up the hippity-hop that Phoebe left behind.)
[Scene: Joey and Rachel's, continued from earlier.]
Rachel: Thirty. Ugh, I mean thirty! Monica, do you remember mean, old Mrs. Kreeger in the fifth grade? She was thirty!
 Huh? (To Rachel) What do you want to do today?
Rachel: Nothing. I dont want to do anything.

Ross: Hey! That was a practical purchase! I needed that car for transportation! Okay? I-I have a child!
[Flashback to: A street, Ross is sitting in his newly purchased MGB. Which is one of the better British sports cars ever made. Of course, better is a relative term. Which reminds me of a joke. Why dont the British make computers? Because they couldnt figure out how to make them leak oil. Anyway, the gang is all staring at his new purchase.]
Ross: How hot do I look in this, huh?!
Chandler: Ross, a sports car? Wouldnt it have been cheaper to just stuff a sock down there?
Ross: Thats not what this is about okay? I-I am a sports car enthusiast. I have always been into cars.
Joey: Hey, whats the horsepower on this thing?
Ross: (giddy) I dont know, but-but look how shiny!
Monica: I cant believe you bought this.
Rachel: Really! God Ross, what were you thinking? (To Phoebe, quietly) I know its really shallow, but a part of me wants him again.
Phoebe: Oh, well get in line missy. (To Ross) So, can I have a ride stud?

(He starts the car and surprisingly in fires right up and comes to a nice idle. (Both can be rarities with British sports cars with their lovely Lucas ignition systems, which tend not to work especially in the rain.) Anyway, this being New York he is parallel parked on a street with the car in front of him only inches ahead of his bumper, likewise with the car behind him. Hes completely boxed in and cant move more than two inches. He tries to get out several times by bumping the bumpers of both cars to no avail.)
Ross: Damnit! (Shuts the car off.)
Phoebe: (getting out) Okay, whos next?
[Scene: Joey and Rachel's, Phoebe is pouring Rachel some coffee.]
Rachel: Yknow what? I am going to do something today.  Im gonna get something pierced. Like my uh, like my nose or my tongue or something.
Phoebe: Really?! Cause yknow that hurts.
Rachel: So what?! Yknow what? The way I see it(Phoebe pulls out a hair from the back of her head)Ow! Son of a bitch!!
 Im totally freaked about turning 25.

Monica: All right Rach, for what its worth, I think that youre doing great. I mean yknow lets face it, no one handles this well.
Phoebe: Least of all you.
Tag: Why? What youd do?
Monica: Werent you asked to leave sonny?
[Flashback to Monica and Chandlers apartment. Chandler has a bunch of people over in formal wear to give Monica a surprise birthday party. Joey is coming out of the bathroom and removing his tie.]
Chandler: (To Joey) Would you put that back on?! Monicas gonna be here any minute!
Joey: But it hurts my Joeys Apple.
Chandler: (frustrated) Okay, for the last time. Its not named for each individual man.
(Joey walks away and Mr. and Mrs. Geller walk up. Mr. Geller is wearing this ancient velvet tuxedo.)
Mrs. Geller: (To Chandler) Youve done a wonderful job with this party Chandler. Everything looks so lovely.
Chandler: Oh well, not as lovely as you. I mean, I cant believe that you would have a thirty-year-old daughter! (To Mr. Geller) And you! I cant believe that you would have a tux thats thirty years old! (Puts his hand on Mr. Gellers shoulder.)
Mr. Geller: Its older than that. Ross was actually conceived right near this tuxedo.
Chandler: Ohh! (He quickly removes his hand and looks at it.)
Rachel: (entering) Hey! Everybody hide! Hide! I saw her! Shes coming!
Chandler: Okay! Okay! Everybody down! Everybody down! (Rachel turns off the lights and everyone crouches. As everyone crouches, a ripping noise erupts from the assemblage.)
Mr. Geller: Crap.
(We hear some fumbling at the door, then silence.)
Chandler: (getting up to investigate) Okay, everybody stay here. I will find out whats going on.
(He goes out into the hall and finds a very drunk Monica lying up against Joey and Rachels door.)
Monica: Heyyy!! You got the door open!! (Giggles.)
Chandler: Hey-hey are you drunk?
Monica: Nooo! (Giggles) Okay. (She tries to pull herself up by Rachel and Joeys doorknob, but the door opens and she almost falls into the their apartment. She manages to catch herself.) Whoa! (Stands up, unsteadily) Okay. See I was, I was a little nervous about turning (whispering) thirty. (Giggles.) So the bus boys took me out for some drinks.
Chandler: Okay, here is the thing. We have thrown a very formal surprise party for you in there! All of your friends are in there and your parents!
Monica: Noo!!!
Chandler: Yes!
Monica: Noo!!
Chandler: Yes!!
Monica: Oh no! My parents have never seen me drunk! (Pause) That they know of.
Chandler: Okay, heres the thing.
Monica: Really?! You promise?
Chandler: Yeah, Ill take care of it.
Monica: Okay. I love you so much. (Kisses him.)
Chandler: (laughing) Okay we have to do something about your breath.
Monica: What about your breath?! (Breathes on him.)
Chandler: Thats still yours. Okay, now remember its a surprise party. So, when you go in, act surprised.
Monica: Okay. I can do that.
Chandler: Okay.
(Chandler opens the door and Monica sneaks up on it. They go inside.)
All: Surprise!!!
(Monica screams and they all stare at her.)
Commercial Break
[Scene: Rosss birthday, Joey is now trying to get his car out while Ross is directing him.]
Ross: Okay, forward. ForwardStop! (The car moves an inch and Ross runs to the back of the car.) Okay, backStop! (The car barely moves and Ross runs back to the front.) Okay, forwardStop! Stop! Stop!
Monica: Ross, just forget about it. This guys got you totally wedged in.
(A beautiful woman approaches.)
Woman: (To Joey) Is this yours?
Joey: Well actually
Ross: No-no-no! Its mine! Its-its mine. (The woman walks away.)
Joey: Dude, you soooo need this car.
Phoebe: (running up) Okay. Okay, heres what were gonna do. Okay, Im gonna break into this mini-van and put it in neutral.  Okay? All right, here we go. (She opens her coat and reveals that thing car thieves use to break into cars as Ross jumps in behind the wheel. She inserts the device, unlocks the door, opens it, and the alarm goes off.) Haul ass!!!! (Runs off.)
(The rest of the gang runs away, except for Ross whos tramped inside his car. To hide he puts the top up as Monica, Rachel, and Joey come running past.)
[Scene: Phoebes birthday, shes taking the hippity-hop to Ursulas apartment as a gift. She knocks on the door and Ursula answers it.]
Phoebe: Happy thirtieth birthday! Here! (Hands her the hippity-hop.) Its for the child in you, and the woman. Happy thirtieth!
Ursula: Right, why do you keep saying that?
Phoebe: Because its our thirtieth birthday.
Ursula: Yeah, no were not thirty. Were 31. Okay. (She closes the door.)
Phoebe: Wait! (Knocks on the door and Ursula opens it.)
Ursula: Oh, its you.
Phoebe: Yeah. What?!
Ursula: Yeah, were not thirty, were 31.
Phoebe: Nu-uh!
Ursula: Yea-huh! Thats what is says on my birth certificate.
Phoebe: You have your birth certificate?
Ursula: Yeah, I got a big box of family stuff when my mom died.
Phoebe: Our mom.
Ursula: (sarcastic) Right! Okay. (Hands Phoebe her births certificate.)
Phoebe: Do you have my birth certificate?
Ursula: No, I sold it to a Swedish runaway.
Phoebe: (reading the certificate) Oh my God! Oh my God, we are 31.
Ursula: Yeah.
Phoebe: I just lost a whole year of my life.
Ursula: (sarcastic) Okay.
Phoebe: Your middle name is Pamela?
Ursula: Yes.
Phoebe: Well, I never knew mine. Do you remember what it is?
Ursula: Yes! Phoebe.
Phoebe: Thats my first name.
Ursula: Right, okay, then no.
[Scene: Monicas birthday, its just after the surprise.]
Chandler: Okay before we start the celebration, Monica has to go put on her party dress.
Monica: Yay!
Chandler: See? (Does his laugh.) Here we go.
Mr. Geller: Happy birthday, sweetie! Give us a hug! (Starts to get up.)
Mrs. Geller: (stopping him) Dont get up Jack! The safety pins are about to blow.
(They continue their trek.)
Monica: (sees someone) Paul!
Chandler: (correcting her) Phil.
Monica: Phil!
Chandler: Now, there is a dress laid out on your bed. (Monica stumbles on the steps.) Okay, (catches her) youre doing great. Youre doing great. Youre doing fine.
(Phoebe approaches as they almost get to their room.)
Phoebe: Hey, whats going on?
Chandler: Monicas a little drunk.
Phoebe: Yay! I love drunk Monica!
Monica: Awwwww (Giggles.)
Chandler: (To Monica) Go change! (To Phoebe) She doesnt want her parents to know shes drunk.
Phoebe: Ohh! All right! All right. Heres what well do, Ill get twice as drunk as Monica and then no ones will even notice her.
(Chandler walks over to where the rest of the gang is.)
Rachel: Whats-whats going on? Phils really pissed!
Chandler: Monicas wasted.
Ross: Maybe that will liven up this party.
Chandler: (To Rachel) Okay, will you just go help her change please!
Rachel: Okay, but taking care of a drunk, naked woman seems like a job for Joey.
Joey: Yep. (Starts for Monicas room, but Chandler stops him.)
[Scene: Rachels birthday, everyone is presenting their presents to Rachel.]
Tag: (handing his to her) This ones from me.
Rachel: Ahh!
Tag: It wasnt on your list, but hopefully youll think its really fun.
Rachel: (opening it) A scooter! (Shes not happy.)
Ross: (to Tag) Stick to the list. Always stick to the list.
Rachel: No! No-no, I love it. Thank you. (Kisses him.)
Chandler: Okay, open ours next. Open ours next!
Rachel: Okay.
Joey: Now that youre a couple, we dont get two presents from you guys?
Chandler: For my last birthday you gave me a hug! (To Rachel) Okay, read the card! Read the card!
Rachel: Okay. (Opens the card and reads it.) Happy birthday Grandma! Its better to be over the hill (starting to cry) then buried under it. (Breaks down as everyone glares at them.) All our love Monica and Chandler. (Crying) Thats funny, yeah!
Chandler: No-no-no-no! That was the joke!
Rachel: (crying) No, I know! I get it! Its funny!
Chandler: No, because youre not a grandmother!
Rachel: No I know, because to be a grandmother you have to be married and have children and I dont have any of those things. Thats why its so funny. (Runs into her room crying.)
Monica: All you had to do was buy the card!
[Scene: Rachels birthday, a time lapse has occurred. Rachel is coming back into the living room carrying a notepad.]
Ross: Hey! Look whos back! Its the birthday girl! Hows the birthday girl feeling?
Rachel: Well, I feel fine, but I think youre bumming out the rest of the kids.
Ross: What? (Glances over and sees the faces of the rest of the group, then goes and sits down.)
Rachel: Okay! Yknow what?  All I really needed was a plan. See I wanna have three kids
Phoebe: Oh let me guess, and you wanna have them all at the same time and you wanna have them for your brother.
Rachel: As I was saying I should probably have the first of the three kids by the time Im 35 which gives me five years. I love this plan! I wanna marry this plan!
Phoebe: If you could do that, Id marry the hippity-hop.
Rachel: So, if I wanna have my kid when Im 35, I dont have to get pregnant until Im 34. Which gives Prada four years to start making maternity clothes! Oh wait, but I do want to be married for a year before I get pregnant
Monica: Really! That long?! (Chandler slowly turns and looks at her.) (To Chandler) Look all you want, its happening!
Rachel: No, so I dont have to get married until Im 33! Thats three years, thats three whole yearsOh, wait a minute though. Ill need a year and a half to plan the wedding, and Id like to know the guy for a year, year and a half before we get engaged Which means I need to meet the guy by the time Im thirty.
Ross: Which is fine! Because you just turned(Removes two candles from the cake)twenty-eight!
Rachel: No! Ross, no! It is not fine! Eh-eh-according to my plan I should already be with the guy I wanna marry!
(We hear Tag scream out in the hallway and jump into view of the open door on the scooter. He gives a hearty thumbs up to the group and rides off, with Joey following breathlessly behind.)
Joey: Will you quit hoggin it!
Commercial Break
[Scene: Monicas birthday, Monica is now dressed and is being helped out by Chandler and Rachel.]
Rachel: (To Chandler) Im telling you its like watching Bambi learn how to walk.
Ross: (To Monica) Youre drunk! Mom and dad are gonna be maaaaadd! Maybe Im a little drunk.
(Monica sits down on the barca lounger.)
Chandler: (to a waiter) Oh thats great! Right there! Can we get some of that over here please? (The waiter comes over) There we go.
Joey: (to the waiter) Hey! Are those crab cakes? (The waiter nods) Did I not tell ya to come straight to me when more crab cakes were ready?
Chandler: (To Monica) How are you feeling?
Monica: You are so handsome! I wanna make love to you right here, right now! (Growls and pulls him into a kiss.)
Ross: I really wish that you wouldnt.
Chandler: (To Monica) Now all you have to do is just get through a little bit more, okay? Then we can put you in bed, okay? Just smile and dont talk to anyone.
Phoebe: (clinking two glasses together) Speech! Speech! Lets hear from the birthday girl! Huh?
Chandler: Pheebs!!
Phoebe: Dont you see? Everyones looking at me! The plans working! I didnt even have to take off my top yet!
Mrs. Geller: Speech! Come on Monica!
Ross: Come on!
All: Come on! Speech!
(Monica stands up and wobbles slightly and Chandler runs over to catch her.)

Mrs. Geller: Oh-ho, I think its nice.
Chandler: I think its necessary. (Backs away anyhow.)
Monica: I-I-I wanna thank you all for coming. My family and my friends
Phoebe: (screaming) Wooo!! Hoo!!
Monica: I really like to say that Im-um (Pause) Yknow what Id really like to say? Im drunk!! (Mrs. Geller pulls the camera down.) Thats right mom and dad your little Harmonica is hammered!! (Ross grabs the camera out of his dads hands.) And guess what! Ive been drunk before! And Ive smoked a cigarette! And I got a box of Ding-Dongs hidden in my underwear drawer! Its all okay. Its okay because I turned thirty today. And, and I can do anything I want!  (Falls over sideways with Ross filming the fall.)
Phoebe: (To Joey) Okay quick, help me get this off! (Motions to her top.)
Joey: Yeah!!
(Ross pans the camera over to Phoebe.)
[Scene: Phoebes birthday, shes telling everyone what she found out at Ursulas while sitting in Central Perk.]
Phoebe: I lost a whole year! I cant believe it! This is so unfair!
Joey: Oh, I dont know Pheebs. Itll be okay.
Phoebe: Will it? Will it?!
Joey: Thats not gonna happen. No. (Looks up) Because we have a new deal!
Phoebe: Plus, it totally ruined my schedule! I I havent done any of the things I wanted to do by the time I was 31!
Joey: Like what?
Phoebe: Like okay I-I-I, I havent met any Portuguese people! I, I havent had the perfect kiss! And I havent been to snipers school!
Monica: Phoebe, yknow why dont we just go upstairs and have some birthday cake?
Phoebe: No, I just feel like being by myself for a while. All right? Ill see you guys later. Thanks. (Gets up and exits.)
Rachel: Hey. (After she leaves.) Oh, poor Pheebs.
Joey: Hey, yknow what you guys? I think Im gonna go walk her home. (Gets up and runs out.)
Monica: Oh man!
Chandler: What?

[Cut outside, Joey is catching up with Phoebe.]
Joey: Pheebs! Wait up! (She stops.) Listen uh, close your eyes. (She does so and Joey passionately kisses her.)
Phoebe: Oh yeah.
(Joey starts to walk away, but stops.)
Joey: Oh, and plus Im 1/16th Portuguese.
Phoebe: Oh!  Now Joey, Phoebe, and Ross are at the front of the car with Monica, Rachel, and Chandler at the rear of the car.]
Ross: Okay, is everybody clear? Were gonna pick it up and move it. Now all we need is teamwork, okay? Were gonna lift the car and slide it out. Lift and slide!
Rachel: Ross, I really dont think
Ross: (interrupting her) Lift!! And slide!
Chandler: Okay, here we go.
Ross: All right everyone, lift! (They and try to lift the car, of course it doesnt raise up) And slide!! (Everyone leans over, but the car still does not move.)
[Scene: Rachels birthday, she is coming into the hallway where Joey and Tag are playing with the scooter.]
Rachel: Hey Joey, can I
Joey: Oh, come on Rach! My turn just started!
Rachel: Actually, I just wanna talk to Tag.
Joey: Oh. Okay. Hey, can I ride this outside?
Rachel: Whatever!
Joey: Okay! (Runs off downstairs.)
Rachel: Not in the street!!
Joey: Yes!
Rachel: (to Tag) Hi.
Tag: Hey.
Rachel: Hey.
Tag: How are you doing? Are you feeling any better?
Rachel: Yeah, Im doing okay. Im um lets talk.
Tag: Okay. (They sit on the step.)
Rachel: Umm
Tag: Whats up?
Rachel: Ohh Tag, umm youre such a great guy and we have sooo much fun together but I dont-I dont
Tag: Wait! I think I see where youre going, but before you say anything else, can I just say one more thing? (Kisses her.)
Rachel: Well said. And a uh good example of the fun I was referring to uhh, but I just think Im past the point where I think I can yknow, just have fun.
Tag: Rachel, dont do this. This is just because youre turning thirty.
Rachel: Yeah, it is! But youre just a kid! I mean youre 25!
Tag: Twenty-four actually.
Rachel: Oh God! Yknow what I wish? I wish you were six years older. Well actually, if Im wishin for stuff, I actually wish I was six years younger.
Tag: Me too.
Rachel: Yeah, Im sorry. (They hug.)
[Time lapse, Rachel is entering her apartment after breaking up with Tag.]
Chandler: Hey! Howd it go?
Rachel: Oh, if I only want two kids, can I keep him for another year?
Phoebe: You did the right thing.
Joey: (entering, limping, and holding his arm) I dont like this anymore. (He sits down with them in pain.)

Ross: God, do you realize in ten years were gonna be 40?
Joey: (crying) Why God?! Why are you doing this to us?! (He buries his head in Rosss shoulder.)
[Scene: Rosss birthday, night has fallen and Joey and Ross are walking by where his car is parked to find that both cars blocking him in have left.]
Ross: Yes! My babys finally free!
Joey: All-all right! (They run and jump in the car.) Start it up! Lets go!
Ross: (starting it) Woohoo!
(Just as they are about to pull away, a big, fat, bald guy pulls up in the exact same car as Ross and stops next to him.)
The Man In The Sportscar: How hot are we? (He drives off.)
Ross: You wanna buy a car?
Joey: No.
(Ross shuts it off and they get out.)
Ending Credits
{Transcribers Note: There was no credits scene with this episode.}
End


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book_chapters.bib
@incollection{DBLP:books/sp/15/Chang0S15,
author = {Shi{-}Kuo Chang and
Luca Greco and
Aniello De Santo},
title = {Sentiment Detection in Social Networks Using Semantic Analysis: {A}
Tool for Sentiment Analysis and Its Application in Cultural Heritage
Realm},
booktitle = {Data Management in Pervasive Systems},
pages = {183--193},
year = {2015},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20062-0_9},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-20062-0_9},
timestamp = {Tue, 23 Aug 2016 09:28:37 +0200},
biburl = {http://dblp.uni-trier.de/rec/bib/books/sp/15/Chang0S15},
bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, http://dblp.org}
}
@incollection{DBLP:books/sp/15/Amato0PPS15,
author = {Flora Amato and
Luca Greco and
Fabio Persia and
Silvestro Roberto Poccia and
Aniello De Santo},
title = {Content-Based Multimedia Retrieval},
booktitle = {Data Management in Pervasive Systems},
pages = {291--310},
year = {2015},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20062-0_14},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-20062-0_14},
timestamp = {Tue, 23 Aug 2016 09:28:37 +0200},
biburl = {http://dblp.uni-trier.de/rec/bib/books/sp/15/Amato0PPS15},
bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, http://dblp.org}
}


.שלום, Yes, that's written ما اسمك؟
.שלום, Yes, that's written ما اسمك؟
.שלום, Yes, that's written ما اسمك؟
.שלום, Yes, that's written ما اسمك؟
.שלום, Yes, that's written ما اسمك؟
.שלום, Yes, that's written ما اسمك؟


Id: 35
Name: Bepisian
Status: Alive
Species: Alien
Type: Bepisian
Gender: unknown
OriginName: Bepis 9
OriginUrl: https://rickandmortyapi.com/api/location/11
LocationName: Bepis 9
LocationUrl: https://rickandmortyapi.com/api/location/11
Image: https://rickandmortyapi.com/api/character/avatar/35.jpeg
Episode: ['https://rickandmortyapi.com/api/episode/1', 'https://rickandmortyapi.com/api/episode/11', 'https://rickandmortyapi.com/api/episode/19', 'https://rickandmortyapi.com/api/episode/25']
Url: https://rickandmortyapi.com/api/character/35
Created: 2017-11-05T09:27:38.491Z


| Up | TOC | Index | |||||
| << 7 Included Tools | < 8.16 Sequence Manipulation | Up: 8 API Reference | 8.18 Sorting > | 9 Release Notes >> |
8.17 Serialization of Euphoria Objects
8.17.1 Routines
<IP_ADDRESS> deserialize
include std/serialize.e namespace serialize public function deserialize(object sdata, integer pos = 1)
converts a serialized object in to a standard Euphoria object.
Parameters:
- sdata : either a sequence containing one or more concatenated serialized objects or an open file handle. If this is a file handle, the current position in the file is assumed to be at a serialized object in the file.
- pos : optional index into sdata. If omitted 1 is assumed. The index must point to the start of a serialized object.
Returns:
The return value, depends on the input type.
- If sdata is a file handle then this function returns a Euphoria object that had been stored in the file, and moves the current file to the first byte after the stored object.
- If sdata is a sequence then this returns a two-element sequence. The first element is the Euphoria object that corresponds to the serialized object that begins at index pos, and the second element is the index position in the input parameter just after the serialized object.
Comments:
A serialized object is one that has been returned from the serialize function.
Example 1:
sequence objcache objcache = serialize(FirstName) & serialize(LastName) & serialize(PhoneNumber) & serialize(Address) sequence res integer pos = 1 res = deserialize( objcache , pos) FirstName = res[1] pos = res[2] res = deserialize( objcache , pos) LastName = res[1] pos = res[2] res = deserialize( objcache , pos) PhoneNumber = res[1] pos = res[2] res = deserialize( objcache , pos) Address = res[1] pos = res[2]
Example 2:
sequence objcache objcache = serialize({FirstName, LastName, PhoneNumber, Address}) sequence res res = deserialize( objcache ) FirstName = res[1][1] LastName = res[1][2] PhoneNumber = res[1][3] Address = res[1][4]
Example 3:
integer fh fh = open("cust.dat", "wb") puts(fh, serialize(FirstName)) puts(fh, serialize(LastName)) puts(fh, serialize(PhoneNumber)) puts(fh, serialize(Address)) close(fh) fh = open("cust.dat", "rb") FirstName = deserialize(fh) LastName = deserialize(fh) PhoneNumber = deserialize(fh) Address = deserialize(fh) close(fh)
Example 4:
integer fh fh = open("cust.dat", "wb") puts(fh, serialize({FirstName, LastName, PhoneNumber, Address})) close(fh) sequence res fh = open("cust.dat", "rb") res = deserialize(fh) close(fh) FirstName = res[1] LastName = res[2] PhoneNumber = res[3] Address = res[4]
<IP_ADDRESS> serialize
include std/serialize.e namespace serialize public function serialize(object x)
converts a standard Euphoria object in to a serialized version of it.
Parameters:
- euobj : any Euphoria object.
Returns:
A sequence, this is the serialized version of the input object.
Comments:
A serialized object is one that has been converted to a set of byte values. This can then by written directly out to a file for storage.
You can use the deserialize function to convert it back into a standard Euphoria object.
Example 1:
integer fh fh = open("cust.dat", "wb") puts(fh, serialize(FirstName)) puts(fh, serialize(LastName)) puts(fh, serialize(PhoneNumber)) puts(fh, serialize(Address)) close(fh) fh = open("cust.dat", "rb") FirstName = deserialize(fh) LastName = deserialize(fh) PhoneNumber = deserialize(fh) Address = deserialize(fh) close(fh)
Example 2:
integer fh fh = open("cust.dat", "wb") puts(fh, serialize({FirstName, LastName, PhoneNumber, Address})) close(fh) sequence res fh = open("cust.dat", "rb") res = deserialize(fh) close(fh) FirstName = res[1] LastName = res[2] PhoneNumber = res[3] Address = res[4]
<IP_ADDRESS> dump
include std/serialize.e namespace serialize public function dump(sequence data, sequence filename)
saves a Euphoria object to disk in a binary format.
Parameters:
- data : any Euphoria object.
- filename : the name of the file to save it to.
Returns:
An integer, 0 if the function fails, otherwise the number of bytes in the created file.
Comments:
If the named file does not exist it is created, otherwise it is overwritten.
You can use the load function to recover the data from the file.
Example 1:
include std/serialize.e integer size = dump(myData, theFileName) if size = 0 then puts(1, "Failed to save data to file\n") else printf(1, "Saved file is %d bytes long\n", size) end if
<IP_ADDRESS> load
include std/serialize.e namespace serialize public function load(sequence filename)
restores a Euphoria object that has been saved to disk by dump.
Parameters:
- filename : the name of the file to restore it from.
Returns:
A sequence, the first element is the result code. If the result code is 0 then it means that the function failed, otherwise the restored data is in the second element.
Comments:
This is used to load back data from a file created by the dump function.
Example 1:
include std/serialize.e sequence mydata = load(theFileName) if mydata[1] = 0 then puts(1, "Failed to load data from file\n") else mydata = mydata[2] -- Restored data is in second element. end if


Only immutable objects and primivites can be constant
- Use static final for constants. Without final, the compiler generates an initializer method which is called \ and stores the value in the table and each time you use these values, they are accessed with field lookups. With final, you can avoid this and directly access the value. Check here for more details
- static final doesn't mean it is constants, make sure that the object is immutable
google-code-style -
developer.android


Oh Hi!... My Name's Rizki Ristanto Pratama, I’m fulltime muslim and
a Backend Engineer with in 2+ year of experience, familiar with JVM technology. Cloud computing, DevOps and Backend Technology Enthusiast.,
good personality and can work with a team, My hoby is And read a , and I’m Indonesian.
For my project Check
My Github!
Contact Me!
after more than 2 years I was at ebdesk as a backend engineer, finally I ventured out of my comfort zone, and applied as a backend engineer at an insurance company in Indonesia. new friends, new experiences, and lots of other fun..
after more than 1 year I became a full stack in the field of web developer, finally I tried to apply to become a specialist backend engineer at a big data company in Indonesia, here I learned a lot about work flow as a backend engineer, and also a data engineer..
This is not my first job as web developer, before joined imersa I was a wordpress developer @ media for bisnis. in this start-up I'm learning a lot. have a familly and full of joy.
after struggling with my thesis I finally graduated from campus. thank you to friends and all who have helped me through the days of college
I started college in computer science in 2016...


|
Classes |
| class | DomInfo |
| | Combine view with information for domain propagation. More...
|
| class | ProcessStack |
| | A simple integer stack for tracking which views are assigned. More...
|
| class | ValInfo |
| | Combine view with information for value propagation. More...
|
| class | Base |
| | Base-class for channel propagators. More...
|
| class | Val |
| | Naive channel propagator. More...
|
| class | Dom |
| | Domain-consistent channel propagator. More...
|
Functions |
| template<class View> |
| ExecStatus | prop_dom (Space *home, int n, DomInfo< View > *x, DomInfo< View > *y, ProcessStack &ya) |
| template<class View, class Info> |
| ExecStatus | doprop_val (Space *home, int n, Info *x, Info *y, int &n_na, ProcessStack &xa, ProcessStack &ya) |
| template<class View, class Info> |
| ExecStatus | prop_val (Space *home, int n, Info *x, Info *y, int &n_na, ProcessStack &xa, ProcessStack &ya) |


First Nike claimed (so far as I can tell) a right to deceive the public under the First Amendment, and now Citrix is claiming that paying taxes violates its First Amendment rights.
 It's the one form of economics I've ever seen that best fits with basic human nature. It allows capital to move around freely, which is the key to a healthy economy. It's based on currency, which is a very useful way to abstractly (and yet tangibly) represent the effort one expends in doing a task, and the worth of that effort. It's one step up from the barter system, but it's an unimaginably powerful step. It makes possible everything we take for granted in Western society.
Nonetheless, I do not and will not ever accept that capitalist actors—companies as well as individuals—should be totally unfettered and untaxed by government entities. The government provides very useful services, ones I wouldn't want to live without and that I can't reasonably perform myself. Like the people who inspect food to make sure it's not going to kill me, for example. They're sort of important. They aren't perfect, but without them around I suspect food poisoning deaths would be a great deal more common in America. After all, cleanliness is expensive. Similarly, I think the EPA is useful, or would be if allowed to do its job. In any case, taxes support those services. Not to mention the military, which I've been given to understand is a popular institution with the American people these days. No taxes? No military.
I can hardly believe that any company has the gall to claim that they have First Amendment rights to not pay taxes. Maybe, just maybe, the cumulative effect of these cases will be to have the Supreme Court definitively rule that corporations do not have rights, but are instead accorded privileges. Am I dreaming? Yeah, probably.


This site can support a group making a decision between several choices by letting everyone give a rating to each choice, and summing up the result. No registration is required - after creating a poll you get a link you can send around e.g. per email to your peers. Everybody who has this link can make a vote and see the results of the poll.
As you can see, this site is quite incomplete yet, but it is possible to create polls, make votes and inspect the results. If you care, you can have a look at the source at GitHub. Feedback is welcome.
This site was kicked off in a hackathon event at T-Systems Multimedia Solutions. Stefan Scheidewig did a quick original HTML design with Bootstrap, the Scala code was mostly done by Hans-Peter Störr, and there are some contributions of Markus Böhme. The main idea was to have some fun with the amazingly productive Scala programming language. But using Google app engine this quickly became something actually usable, afterwards.
CAUTION: Please don't use this for anything important, or where anybody could be more than mildly annoyed if anything goes wrong. This was created for fun - Nobody got payed anything for any of that. So, there are absolutely no warranties. That said, feedback is welcome.
For feedback you can either open an issue or send a mail to yu4cheem@techno.ms.


|
Evolutionary Diversification in Anolis Lizards
|
Functions | |
| double | edal::Individual::effective_carrying_capacity_quad_unnormalized () const |
| \(K_e(I)\) with quadratic \(\Xi\) before normalization (v3u) More... | |
| double | edal::Individual::effective_carrying_capacity_exp_unnormalized () const |
| \(K_e(I)\) with exponential \(\Xi\) | |
| double | edal::Individual::effective_carrying_capacity_old_exp_unnormalized () const |
| \(K_e(I)\) with old resource distribution and exponential \(\Xi\) before normalization | |
| double | edal::Individual::survival_probability (const double effective_num_competitors) const |
| Probability of survival \(w(I)\). More... | |
| double | edal::Individual::fitness (const double height, const double diameter) const |
| Exponent of \(W(x_0, x_1 \mid u, v)\): measure adaptation to habitat. More... | |
| void | edal::Patch::viability_selection () |
| Some individuals die depending on Individual::survival_probability() | |
| std::vector< double > | edal::Patch::effective_num_competitors () const |
| Calculate \(N_e(I)\) from \(C(I,J)\). More... | |
| double edal::Individual::effective_carrying_capacity_quad_unnormalized | ( | ) | const |
\(K_e(I)\) with quadratic \(\Xi\) before normalization (v3u)
\[ K_e(I) = K_0 \int_0^1 \int_0^{1-u} F(u,v) W(x_0,x_1 \mid u,v) \Xi(y_0,y_1 \mid u,v) dv du \]
|
private |
Calculate \(N_e(I)\) from \(C(I,J)\).
\[ N_e(I) = \sum_J C(I,J) \]
|
private |
Exponent of \(W(x_0, x_1 \mid u, v)\): measure adaptation to habitat.
| height | habitat environmant |
| diameter | habitat environment |
\[ W(x_0,x_1 \mid u,v) = \exp(-\frac{(x_0 - u)^2}{2s_0^2} -\frac{(x_1 - v)^2}{2s_1^2}) \]
| double edal::Individual::survival_probability | ( | const double | effective_num_competitors | ) | const |
Probability of survival \(w(I)\).
| effective_num_competitors | \( K_e(I) \) |
| 1.0 | if \( N_e(I) \ll K_e(I) \) |
| 1/b | if \( N_e(I) = K_e(I) \) |
The probability that an individual survives to the age of reproduction is
\[ w(I) = \frac 1 {1 + (b-1) \frac {N_e(I)^\alpha} {K_e(I)}} \]
where the parameter \( \alpha \) (= 1 for now) controls the strength of crowding, and \( b > 0 \) (Individual::AVG_NUM_OFFSPINRGS_) is a parameter (average number of offspring per female; see below). This is the Beverton-Holt model which represents a discrete-time analog of the logistic model


|
| Local Methods | ||
| Managed Object Types | Data Object Types | All Properties | All Methods |
Properties
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| None |
Methods
| Methods defined in this Managed Object |
|---|
| QueryConfiguredModuleOptionString, QueryModules, UpdateModuleOptionString |
Parameters
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| _this | ManagedObjectReference | A reference to the HostKernelModuleSystem used to make the method call. |
| name | xsd:string |
Module name.
|
Return Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| xsd:string | Option string to be passed to the kernel module at load time. |
Faults
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| NotFound | Thrown if the kernel module does not exist on the host. |
| RuntimeFault | Thrown if any type of runtime fault is thrown that is not covered by the other faults; for example, a communication error. |
Events
| Type | |
|---|---|
| None |
Parameters
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| _this | ManagedObjectReference | A reference to the HostKernelModuleSystem used to make the method call. |
Return Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| KernelModuleInfo[] |
Faults
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| RuntimeFault | Thrown if any type of runtime fault is thrown that is not covered by the other faults; for example, a communication error. |
Events
| Type | |
|---|---|
| None |
Parameters
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| _this | ManagedObjectReference | A reference to the HostKernelModuleSystem used to make the method call. |
| name | xsd:string |
Module name.
|
| options | xsd:string |
Option string to be passed to the kernel module at
load time.
|
Return Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| None |
Faults
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| NotFound | Thrown if the kernel module does not exist on the host. |
| RuntimeFault | Thrown if any type of runtime fault is thrown that is not covered by the other faults; for example, a communication error. |
Events
| Type | |
|---|---|
| None |
| Top of page | Local Methods | ||
| Managed Object Types | Data Object Types | All Properties | All Methods |


The history of Chinese cuisine is marked by both variety and change. The archaeologist and scholar Kwang-chih Chang says “Chinese people are especially preoccupied with food” and “food is at the center of, or at least it accompanies or symbolizes, many social interactions.” Over the course of history, he says, "continuity vastly outweighs change." He explains basic organizing principles which go back to earliest times and give a continuity to the food tradition, principally that a normal meal is made up of grains and other starches (simplified Chinese: 饭; traditional Chinese: 飯; pinyin: fàn) and vegetable or meat dishes (菜; cài).


|
Colore
<IP_ADDRESS>
C# library for Razer's Chroma SDK
|
Classes | |
| struct | Breathing |
| Breathing effect. More... | |
| struct | Custom |
| Custom effect. More... | |
| struct | Reactive |
| Reactive effect. More... | |
| struct | Static |
| Static color effect. More... | |
| struct | Wave |
| Wave effect. More... | |
Enumerations | |
| enum | BreathingType { BreathingType.Two = 1, BreathingType.Random, BreathingType.Invalid } |
| Breathing types supported for keypads. More... | |
| enum | Direction { Direction.None = 0, Direction.LeftToRight, Direction.RightToLeft, Direction.Invalid } |
| Directions for the wave effect type. More... | |
| enum | Duration { Duration.None = 0, Duration.Short, Duration.Medium, Duration.Long, Duration.Invalid } |
| Supported durations for the reactive effect type. More... | |
| enum | Effect { Effect.None = 0, Effect.Breathing, Effect.Custom, Effect.Reactive, Effect.SpectrumCycling, Effect.Static, Effect.Wave, Effect.Invalid } |
| Supported effects for Chroma keypads. More... | |
|
strong |
Breathing types supported for keypads.
| Enumerator | |
|---|---|
| Two |
Breathes between two colors. |
| Random |
Breathes between randomly selected colors. |
| Invalid |
Invalid breathing type. |
Definition at line 33 of file BreathingType.cs.
|
strong |
Directions for the wave effect type.
| Enumerator | |
|---|---|
| None |
No direction. |
| LeftToRight |
Wave goes from left to right. |
| RightToLeft |
Wave goes from right to left. |
| Invalid |
Invalid direction. |
Definition at line 33 of file Direction.cs.
|
strong |
Supported durations for the reactive effect type.
| Enumerator | |
|---|---|
| None |
No duration. |
| Short |
Short duration. |
| Medium |
Medium duration. |
| Long |
Long duration. |
| Invalid |
Invalid duration. |
Definition at line 33 of file Duration.cs.
|
strong |


Hii,I am Anvesh Reddy,
I am an ECE UNDERGRAD at IIIT-H.
I'm Anvesh reddy, currently pursuing 2nd year of B.Tech in ECE @ IIIT-Hyderabad. I am passionate about anything that's "TECH!". Despite of being an ECE student, I am equally inclined towards both Computer sciences and Electronics. My main hobbies include Playing Cricket, listening to Podcasts, and watching T.V shows


Tennessee governor working to dip into welfare reserve
by KIMBERLEE KRUESINASHVILLE, Tenn. (AP) - Gov. Bill Lee says his administration is gearing up to use a portion of its $732 million in reserves from a federal welfare program for families with children.
The large surplus has come under scrutiny after first being flagged last month in a report by the Beacon Center of Tennessee, a conservative think tank.
According to the report, the state receives $190.9 million annually through the federal Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program but last year spent just $71.1 million of that money.
Lee, a Republican, initially defended the reserve amount by arguing that the surplus would provide a cushion for a potential future economic downturn.
However, on Monday, Lee told reporters that he was open to using the surplus on a variety of options to continue helping Tennessee’s poor.
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Copyright © 2019 The Washington Times, LLC.
Please read our comment policy before commenting.


First I thought about what I wanted on my skateboard. I couldn't think of anything, so I went with no correlation.
Then I rastered the image onto the board with the Epilog Engraver.
A Partner was needed to help put the board together.
I taped a bag together and pumped the air out to make sure the board dried.
After the board dried I sanded it together to give it a nice sleek look.


Abstracts and slides of invited talks
- Joan Daemen (STMicroelectronics, Belgium)
Permutation-based encryption, authentication and authenticated encryption
slides.
In the last few years, Guido Bertoni, MichaŽl Peeters, Gilles Van Assche and I have proposed modes for encryption, MAC and authenticated encryption based on fixed-width permutations by means of the sponge and duplex constructions. Our permutation-based approach is scalable and suitable for high-end CPUs as well as resource-constrained platforms. The latter is illustrated by the small Keccak instances and the sponge functions Quark, Photon and Spongent, all addressing lightweight applications.
The sponge and duplex constructions split the width b of the permutation in a capacity c and a rate r: b = r + c. They process r bits per call to the permutation and their generic security strength level in unkeyed mode is c/2. A desired security strength level of k bits limits the rate to at most b - 2k. For keyed modes and bounded data complexity, a security strength level above c/2 can be proven. For MAC computation, encryption and even authenticated encryption with a passive adversary, it comes very close to c. This allows increasing the rate to almost b - k. Moreover, for most use cases the requirements on the underlying permutation can be relaxed, allowing to increase the efficiency even further.
Clearly permutation-based constructions are not new. Concrete examples that are older than the sponge construction include the hash functions Snefru, FFT-Hash and SMASH, the Even-Mansour block cipher construction, stream ciphers Salsa and ChaCha and even Pelican-MAC. In my talk I will present our permutation-based approach in this context and will try to convince you that it is quite competitive with block cipher based modes.
- David McGrew (Cisco Systems, USA)
Authenticated Encryption in Practice
slides.
Over the last decade, authenticated encryption has become accepted as
the appropriate way to provide symmetric confidentiality services. It
has been adopted into many standards, though in many cases it is
currently an option that is not typically exercised. This talk
reviews issues that have arisen in the use of authenticated encryption
in practice, and considers the role of authenticated encryption in
cryptographic architectures.
-
Phillip Rogaway (University of California, Davis, USA)
The Evolution of Authenticated Encryption
slides
Nowhere has the promise of practice-oriented provable security
been more successful than in the area of authenticated encryption.
In this talk I will look back and and survey how the provable-security approach has led not just to high-assurance blockcipher-based AE schemes, but, also, how it has led to a blossoming of security notions, attacks, design goals, and designs.
- Palash Sarkar
(Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India)
On Some Constructions for Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data
slides
Two approaches to achieving authenticated encryption with associated
data (AEAD) will be considered.
The first approach is to use certain block cipher modes of operations
which make a single pass over the message. For this approach, both
tweakable block cipher based constructions and direct constructions
will be described. Both types of constructions yield families of AEAD
functionalities which offer high efficiency along with other desirable
features such as easy reconfigurability.
In the second approach, a stream cipher supporing an initialisation
vector is used in conjunction with a hash function with provably low
differential probabilities. Several possibilities will be outlined,
both with and without the requirement of authenticating associated
data. This approach gives efficient solutions for stream ciphers which
are either very fast in software or have very low hardware
footprint.
Security of the constructions are derived using the `provable
security' methodology for the single-user setting. Issues related to
security in the multi-user setting will be briefly mentioned.
Panel discussion: Requirements for Authenticated Encryption
Bart Preneel (moderator)
Panelists are
David McGrew,
Mats Nšslund,
Kaisa Nyberg,
Phil Rogaway
The links go to their slides, if provided.
Abstracts and slides of contributed talks
- Title: Stronger Security Guarantees for Authenticated Encryption Schemes
slides
Authors: Alexandra Boldyreva, Jean Paul Degabriele, Kenneth G. Paterson, and Martijn Stam
Affiliations: Georgia Institute of Technology; Royal Holloway, University of London; University of Bristol
We here refer to recent and upcoming research that is relevant to
Authenticated Encryption (AE) schemes
as used in practice. This research leads directly to novel design
criteria for authenticated encryption schemes.
The first piece of research considers the security of symmetric
encryption in the presence of ciphertext
fragmentation, which is a setting that commonly arises in practice.
Recent attacks have shown that provably
secure AE schemes may become insecure when used in this setting. We
propose a theoretical framework
for the analysis of AE schemes in the presence of ciphertext
fragmentation. This framework enables us to
study the relationship between confidentiality, the ability to hide
boundaries between ciphertexts, and the
resistance of schemes to Denial of Service attacks. It also leads to
new designs for AE schemes. The second
piece of research relates to distinguishable decryption failures. Most
security proofs implicitly assume that
an adversary is unable to distinguish distinct failure events that
occur during the decryption of a ciphertext.
Practice has shown that this assumption is not well justified:
implementations often leak information that
allows an adversary to distinguish among decryption failures, either
through error messages or timing, thereby
opening up avenues of attack. Our upcoming work analyses the security
of AE schemes in the setting where
failure events are distinguishable, providing new models and security
relations for this setting. From this work,
we can extract design criteria which protect implementations against
such error-based side channel attacks.
-
Title: Lightweight AES-Based Authenticated Encryption
Authors: Andrey Bogdanov, Florian Mendel, Francesco Regazzoni and Vincent Rijmen
Affiliations: KU Leuven, Belgium, ALaRI - USI, Switzerland, TU Graz, Austria
In this paper, we propose an Authenticated Lightweight Encryption algorithm coined ALE. The basic operation of ALE is the AES round transformation and the AES-128 key schedule. ALE is an on-line single-pass authenticated encryption algorithm that supports optional associated data. Its security relies on using nonces.
We provide an optimized low-area implementation of ALE in ASIC hardware and demonstrate that its area is about 2.5 kGE which is almost two times smaller than that of the lightweight implementations for AES-OCB and ASC-1 using the same lightweight AES engine. At the same time, it is at least 2.5 times more performant than the alternatives by requiring only about 4 AES rounds to both encrypt and authenticate a 128-bit data block.
-
Title: Hash-CFB
slides
Authors: Christian Forler and David McGrew and Stefan Lucks and Jakob Wenzel
Affiliations: Bauhaus-University Weimar and Cisco Systems, USA
This paper presents a mode of operation for authenticated encryption -- with
the very unusual property of employing a hash function as the underlying
primitive, rather than a block cipher, used in so many authenticated
encryption modes. This research has been motivated by the challenge to fit
secure cryptography into constrained devices --~some of these devices have
to use a hash function, anyway, and the challenge is to avoid the usage of
an additional block cipher. Beyond that, our mode has some unique security
features, namely some form of resistance against side-channel attacks, and a
misuse-resistant and failure-friendly authentication.
-
Title: Suggestions for Hardware Evaluation of Cryptographic Algorithms
slides
Authors: Frank K. Gurkaynak
Affiliations: Microelectronics Design Center, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
Public competitions to determine new cryptographic standards such as the search for AES, SASC, SHA-3 have been very successful. Many researchers contribute to such competitions to evaluate different aspects of the candidates among others also the performance of hardware and software implementations. While significant effort has been put into hardware evaluations, somehow the result of these studies could not reliable be tabulated, at least not with the same efficiency as it was done for software evaluations. This paper investigates different shortcomings of current hardware evaluations and proposes changes to future calls, so that the results of hardware evaluators can be combined and compared more reliably.
-
Title: AEGIS: A Fast Authenticated Encryption Algorithm
slides
Authors: Hongjun Wu, Bart Preneel
Affiliations: Nanyang Technological University, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
This paper introduces a dedicated authenticated encryption algorithm AEGIS,
which is efficient for protecting internet packets. AEGIS-128 uses five AES
round functions to process a 16-byte message block (one step); AES-256 uses six
AES round functions. On the Intel Sandy Bridge Core i5 processor, the speeds of
AEGIS-128, AEGIS-256 are around 0.64 cycles/byte (cpb) and 0.71 cpb,
respectively. Our analysis shows that AEGIS offers a very high security level.
-
Title: Authenticated encryption in civilian space missions: context and requirements
slides
Authors: Ignacio Aguilar Sanchez, Daniel Fischer
Affiliations: European Space Agency
This white paper discusses issues, concerns, constraints and
requirements for future authenticated encryption concepts in the context of
space missions and spacecraft in particular. Following an introduction a
brief description of the approach to securing space missions is given. The
two fundamental security problems in protecting space mission operations
affecting the end-to-end radio and data communications between spacecraft and
ground systems are explained. Typical security function implementations in
spacecraft are recalled. Finally, a brief discussion of each of the
identified issues, concerns, constraints and requirements suggested to be
considered for future authenticated encryption is provided.
-
Title: SipHash: a fast short-input PRF
slides
Authors: Jean-Philippe Aumasson and Daniel J. Bernstein
Affiliations: NAGRA, Switzerland and University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
SipHash is a family of pseudorandom functions optimized for short
inputs. Target applications include network traffic authentication
and hash-table lookups protected against hash-flooding
denial-of-service attacks. SipHash is simpler than MACs based on
universal hashing, and faster on short inputs. Compared to dedicated
designs for hash-table lookup, SipHash has well-defined security
goals and competitive performance. For example, SipHash processes a
16-byte input with a fresh key in 140 cycles on an AMD FX-8150
processor, which is much faster than state-of-the-art MACs. We
propose that hash tables switch to SipHash as a hash function.
-
Title: Heavy Quark for secure AEAD
slides
Authors: Jean-Philippe Aumasson and Simon Knellwolf and Willi Meier
Affiliations: NAGRA, Switzerland and FHNW, Switzerland, and FHNW, Switzerland
Lightweight primitives are generally limited to 80- or 128-bit securit
y, because lightweight applications seldom need more than
this. However, non-lig htweight platforms like multimedia
systems-on-chip would also greatly benefit fr om a smaller hardware
footprint, as it reduces development and integration costs , and
leaves more circuit area to another component, or to add another
functiona lity. Such systems sometimes need up to 256-bit security,
for example to ensure a consistent security level across
primitives. This paper thus breaks with the t radition and proposes a
256-bit authenticated encryption scheme with associated data (AEAD),
based on the lightweight design Quark. We create a new Quark instan ce
to use in a custom SpongeWrap mode, offering one-pass AEAD supporting
arbitra ry interleaving of encrypted and associated data, as well as a
range of trade-of fs between security and usage limit. More than a new
primitive, this work provid es insights on the scalability of
lightweight designs to higher security levels: our new design c-Quark
has internal state of 384 bits, and allows the implement ation of
256-bit AEAD with in the order of 4000 GE.
-
Title: Cryptanalysis of EAX-Prime
slides
Authors: Kazuhiko Minematsu, Stefan Lucks, Hiraku Morita, and Tetsu Iwata
Affiliations: NEC corporation (Minematsu), Bauhaus-Universitat Weimar (Lucks), Nagoya University (Morita and Iwata)
EAX' (EAX-prime) is an authenticated encryption (AE) specified by ANSI
C12.22 as a standard security function used for a smart grid. EAX' is
based on EAX, a provably secure AE proposed by Bellare, Rogaway, and
Wagner.
This paper presents simple and efficient forgery attacks, distinguishers,
and message recovery attacks against EAX' using single-block cleartext
and plaintext.
-
Title: How Fast Can a Two-Pass Mode Go? A Parallel Deterministic Authenticated Encryption Mode for AES-NI (Extended Abstract of Work in Progress)
slides
Authors: Kazumaro Aoki, Tetsu Iwata, Kan Yasuda
Affiliations: NTT, Nagoya University
We present a mode of operation for deterministic authenticated
encryption. Our design is entirely blockcipher-based, like SIV
from Eurocrypt 2006. Unlike SIV, however, our mode is fully parallelizable,
both in its authentication and encryption parts. The basic idea is
a combination of PMAC for authentication and the CTR mode for encryption.
Our implementation yields 2.047 cpb for Intel's Sandy Bridge
microarchitecture, which contrasts with 2.900 cpb of the GCM mode in
OpenSSL 1.0.1c.
-
Title: A Do-It-All-Cipher for RFID: Design Requirements (Extended Abstract)
Authors: Markku-Juhani O. Saarinen and Daniel Engels
Affiliations: Revere Security, United States of America
Recent years have seen significant progress in the development of
lightweight symmetric cryptoprimitives. The main concern of the
designers of these primitives has been to minimize the number of
gate equivalents (GEs) of the hardware implementation. However,
there are numerous additional requirements that are present in
real-life RFID systems. We give an overview of requirements
emerging or already present in the widely deployed EPCGlobal Gen2
and ISO / IEC 18000-63 passive UHF RFID air interface standards.
Lightweight stateful authenticated encryption algorithms seem to
offer the most complete set of features for this purpose. In this
work we give a Gen2-focused "lessons learned" overview of the
challenges and related developments in RFID cryptography and
propose what we see as appropriate design criteria for a cipher
(dubbed "Do-It-All-Cipher" or DIAC) for the Internet of Things.
We also comment on the applicability of NSA's new SIMON and
SPECK proposals for this purpose.
-
Title: An Improved Hardware Implementation of the Grain-128a Stream Cipher
slides.
The software
mentioned on the slides can be found at http://web.it.kth.se/~dubrova/fib2gal.html.
Authors: Shohreh Sharif Mansouri and Elena Dubrova
Affiliations: KTH
In this paper we study efficient hardware implementations of the
Grain-128a family of stream ciphers. To achieve higher throughput compared to
the standard design, we apply four different techniques in combination:
isolation of the authentication section, Fibonacci-to-Galois transformation of
the feedback shift registers, multi-frequency implementation and internal
pipelining. The combined effects of all these techniques, when a two-level
pipeline is used, enable an average 52% increase in throughput among all the
ciphers. All techniques are standard cell techniques and are therefore easy to
apply. They introduce an average 9% area penalty and an average 5% power
overhead.


This game part of the classic games, please visit that page first for general information about these games.
| Actions | Agents | Manual Control | Action Shape | Action Values | Observation Shape | Observation Values | Num States |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Discrete | 2 | No | (1) | [0, 8] | (3, 3, 2) | [0,1] | ? |
from pettingzoo.classic import tictactoe_v0
agents= ['player_1', 'player_2']
AEC Diagram
Tic-tac-toe is a simple turn based strategy game where 2 players, X and O, take turns marking spaces on a 3 x 3 grid. The first player to place 3 of their marks in a horizontal, vertical, or diagonal row is the winner.
The observation is 2 layers of the 3x3 board. The first layer represents the placement of Xs, and the other layer is the placement of Os. The possible values for each cell is 0 or 1; in the first layer, 1 indicates that an X has been placed in that cell, and 0 indicates that X is not in that cell. Similarly, in the other layer 1 indicates that an O has been placed, while 0 indicates that 0 has not been placed.
Each action from 0 to 8 represents placing either an X or O in the corresponding cell. The cells are indexed as follows:
0 | 3 | 6
_________
1 | 4 | 7
_________
2 | 5 | 8
| Winner | Loser |
|---|---|
| +1 | -1 |
If the game ends in a draw, both players will receive a reward of 0.
The legal moves available for each agent, found in env.infos[agent]['legal_moves']
, are updated after each step. Taking an illegal move ends the game with a reward of -1 for the illegally moving agent and a reward of 0 for all other agents.


About
Build
Advisor
Help
Prove to the world that there’s no such thing as clashing colours. For designers and those with artistic sensibilities, our custom bikes give you complete autonomy to literally modify the nuts off our bikes. Unleash your creativity and make a one-off fixie, single speed or 16 speed bike that you actually want to ride from millions of different combinations.
Never ride stock. design your own OG road bike, to suit your style. If none of our set designs take your fancy, don’t worry, because you can build your dream bike from the ground up, choosing from 8 to 9 colours per component, the possibilities are endless. Once you’re done deciding on the finishing touches, hit add to cart and our team of bike builders will build your dream bike to spec and ship directly to your door.
We’ve been bent on making the best single speed bike on the market, and we’ve finally nailed it. This is it; the alpha, omega, first, and last. The only bike you’ll ever need for a simple ride and a simpler life. Globally loved and praised, it’s now even better value than before.
Like any story worth telling, our journey from bikes to boardroom has more than one chapter. In 2017 Mango hit a bump, like those potholes that send you head-over-handlebars. It was a mix of good bikes, bad numbers, and some not-so-wise prophets. Things went a little sour, like those mangos that just don’t taste right, so it was time for a change. Instead of lounging around in defeat, we did what riders do. We got Mango back on the bike – metaphorically first, but then for real. We relocated to Ballyclare in Northern Ireland, where we still make the same brilliant bikes, but with twice the rainfall and a nicer view.


| 3472 - Optical Fiber Latin America - South America - 2005/2006 | |||||
| Submit | Ranking |
A far away developing country is trying to improve its communication infrastructure. Currently, each city in the country has its local computer network, but there is no fast communication between the cities. The Autonomous Communications Ministry (ACM) of the country decided to create a fast, optical fiber network connecting every city. In order to do this, they decided to take the following approach. Pairs of cities were chosen to have an optical fiber link installed between them. The choice was such that there will be only one fiber path between any pair of cities, in order to reduce the cost. The pairs of cities were chosen considering many factors, including analysis of estimated demand and distance between the cities.
Each city will have one optical router installed, which will be used to connect all the optical links with one end in that city. In each city, there are many different locations where the optical router can be installed. Your task, as an engineer working on this pro ject, is to develop a computer program to pick up the locations in each city in order to minimize the total length of fiber that will be necessary for this pro ject.
The input consists of multiple test cases. Each test case starts with a line containing the number of cities N
For each test case, your program should print a line with the minimum total length of optical fiber to connect the requested cities. Your answer should be rounded to one decimal digit.
Output
Sample Input
3
AUSTIN 1
500 500
DALLAS 2
1000 10
990 -10
ELPASO 2
0 0
30 0
ELPASO AUSTIN
DALLAS ELPASO
3
HUSTON 3
100 0
100 50
100 100
AUSTIN 2
200 0
180 40
SANANTONIO 2
0 -10
10 -50
HUSTON AUSTIN
HUSTON SANANTONIO
0
Sample Output
1646.3
189.9
South America 2005-2006


--- layout: default title: "Ed." ---
I am bad at interviewing people. I avoid situations in which I have to talk to anyone’s press agent. (This precludes doing pieces on most actors, a bonus in itself.) I do not like to make telephone calls, and would not like to count the mornings I have sat on some Best Western motel bed somewhere and tried to force myself to put through the call to the assistant district attorney. My only advantage as a reporter is that I am so physically small, so temperamentally unobtrusive, and so neurotically inarticulate that people tend to forget that my presence runs counter to their best interests. And it always does. That is one last thing to remember: writers are always selling somebody out.
–Joan Didion , Slouching Towards Bethlehem


Toy Hall of Fame: Coloring books, Matchbox Cars and Magic inducted for 2019
by Natalie Dreier, Cox Media Group National Content DeskROCHESTER, N.Y. - They are the toys that almost all kids have played with at one time or another.
The National Toy Hall of Fame pared down the list of a dozen toys to the final three that will go down in history -- Matchbox Cars, coloring books and Magic: The Gathering card game, The Associated Press reported.
They were announced Thursday during a ceremony at The Strong National Museum of Play in Rochester, New York.
They will be on display with the 68 other inductees into the Toy Hall of Fame like blocks, G.I. Joe and coloring books' partner -- crayons.
Other past inductees include normal toys like a yo-yo and dollhouse along with toys that aren't playthings at face value but help develop kids' imaginations like a cardboard box, inducted in 2006.
As for this year's inductees, Matchbox cars hit the market in 1952. Within 8 years, they were so popular that more than 100 million cars were sold in a year, USA Today reported.
Magic: The Gathering was also so popular that when creator Wizards of the Coast released the card collecting game in 1993, the company couldn't keep up with the orders, according to USA Today.
Coloring books, which are a staple of childhood, now know no age boundaries, with coloring books now being marketed to adults.
So, what didn't make the cut this year? Toys like Care Bears, the iconic Fisher-Price Corn Popper, Jenga and My Little Pony, the AP reported.


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SVG 2 ABB
GitHub
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SVG to ABB
Copy
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SVG to ABB Rapid Code
Image SVG:
SVG Example
see image
Other SVG File:
Paper Sizes in millimeters (width × height):
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mm
Optional Logs:
Console Log
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About this project
Developed by:
Rafael Cardoso da Silva
Erick Alves Augusto
Brenda Miura


Keep track of the score between 2 players and iterate upwards. Also have a reset button
playing to: 5


{% extends "global/Page.html" %} {% load otree static %} {% block title %} Welcome! {% endblock %} {% block content %}
You are about to participate in a session on decision-making, and you will be paid for your participation in cash at the end of the session. You will be paid in private and have no obligation to tell others how much you earned.
What you earn depends partly on your decisions, partly on the decisions of others, and partly on chance.
Please turn off cellular phones now. Please close any program you may have open on the computer.
The entire session will take place through computer terminals, and all interaction between you will take place through the computers. Please do not talk or in any way try to communicate with other participants during the session.
We will start with a brief instruction period. During the instruction period you will be given a description of the main features of the session and will be shown how to use the computers.
If you have any questions during this period, raise your hand and your question will be answered so everyone can hear.


Apiman 1.2 - Improvements to Plugin Management
Feb 22, 2016 Len DiMaggio apiman, introduction, overview, plugin, and managementApiman is not only preconfigured with a rich set of policies that you can use, right out of the box, but, from its earliest releases, apiman has also included a mechanism that you can use to define your own custom policies through plugins. This article describes the improvements introduced in apiman release 1.2.x that enable you to better manage your custom policy plugins.
Policies, the Most Important Part of API Management
In API Management, policies are where the action is. It’s through the application of policies that an API Management system such as apiman performs API governance. All the subsystems in apiman, from the Management API UI to the API Gateway, exist for one ultimate goal; to ensure that API governance is achieved by the application of policies to API requests. In apiman, a policy is a rule, or set of rules that controls responses to API requests. There are multiple types of apiman policies. Some policies allow or block access to APIs based on the IP address of the client application, while others allow or restrict access to specific resources provided by an API, while still others enable you to control or “throttle” the rate at which requests made to an API.
Apiman Plugin Management Improvements - Extending Flexibility
Apiman release 1.2.x adds these new features that enable you to better manage your custom policy plugins:
- Uninstalling Policies
- Upgrading Policies
- Automatically Reloading SNAPSHOT Version Policies
The best way to understand how these features work is to see them in action.
Uninstalling a Policy Plugin
Before we can uninstall a policy plugin, we have to install it.
Apiman is preconfigured with a core set of policy types that can handle many common situations:
- Authorization - Access to API resources is controlled by user roles
- BASIC Authentication - A username/password is required to access an API
- Caching - Cache responses from a backend API
- Ignored Resources - Paths to API resources that will not be accessible
- IP Blacklist - Clients with specific IP address(es) will be blocked from accessing an API
- IP Whitelist - Clients with specific IP address(es) will not be blocked from accessing an API (all IP addresses not listed will be blocked)
- Limiting - Access to an API is limited by the number of requests in a defined time period (generally used to create a fine-grained limit)
- Quota - Access to an API is limited by the number of requests in a defined time period (generally used to create a coarse-grained limit)
- Transfer Quota - Similar to a Quota policy, but based on the number of bytes transferred, not the number of requests
These core policy types cannot be uninstalled.
Apiman is also includes second set of policy types which can be optionally installed as plugins:
- CORS - This plugin implements CORS (Cross-origin resource sharing): A method of controlling access to resources outside of an originating domain.
- HTTP Security - Provides a policy which allows security-related HTTP headers to be set, which can help mitigate a range of common security vulnerabilities.
- JSONP - A plugin that contributes a policy that turns a standard RESTful endpoint into a JSONP compatible endpoint.
- Keycloak OAuth - This plugin offers an OAuth2 policy which leverages the Keycloak authentication platform as the identity and access provider.
- Simple Headers - Offers a simple policy that allows request headers to be added or stripped from the HTTP request (outgoing) or HTTP response (incoming).
- XML<->JSON Transformation - This plugin provides a very simple policy which can transform the request and/or response payload between XML and JSON.
- Log Headers - A policy that logs request and/or response headers to the server console.
The optional plugins are accessed in this administrative page in the apiman Management UI:
To install a policy plugin, click on “Install” - for example, to install the Log Headers Policy:
And, it’s installed!
OK, we installed the policy plugin. Now, let’s uninstall it!
Uninstalling a policy plugin is as simple as installing it. All you do is select the plugin from the “Manage Plugins” page in the Administrative UI:
There are a couple of caveats to keep in mind when you uninstall a policy plugin:
- First, uninstalling the plugin removes it from the apiman Management UI, but it still remains in use for all APIs in which it was previously configured.
- Second, if you want to completely remove the plugin from all APIs in which it was previously configured, you must manually click on each API, Plan, and Client App that uses the policy and remove it. Apiman does not include a single “kill” button to automatically remove all references to a policy.
Upgrading Policy Plugins
In addition to enabling you to create and install your own custom policies, apiman also provides a mechanism to upgrade to new versions of those policies. This is an especially useful feature as, over time, a policy may be upgraded to include bug fixes or new features.
The best way to illustrate how to upgrade a policy plugin is to follow the process step-by-step.
For this illustration, we’ll use one of the policy plugins provided in the official apiman plugins git repository ( https://github.com/apiman/apiman-plugins ) as our custom plugin. Many of the plugins provided in this repository are also available set of “available plugins” packaged with apiman. We’ll use one of the plugins (“test-policy” - it’s a very simple policy that adds a header to the inbound http request) that is not already installed into apiman for this example.
(Note that in order to follow this example, you will have to have maven and git installed.)
To download the policy plugins, execute these commands:
git clone https://github.com/apiman/apiman-plugins.git
cd apiman-plugins
Before we build the plugins, we have to make one small change. The plugins as downloaded are assigned version numbers that include a -“SNAPSHOT” suffix. We will want to remove that suffix for this example. (Sneak peek: We will restore the suffix later in this article as apiman includes a new feature where “SNAPSHOT” version plugins are automatically reloaded.)
To make these changes, edit these files, and change the version from “1.2.2-SNAPSHOT” to “1.2.2”:
./pom.xml
test-policy/pom.xml
Then, to build the plugins, and install them into your local maven repo (at runtime, the apiman API Gateway installs plugins from the local maven “.m2” repo directory), execute this command:
mvn install
OK, our policy plugin is built, let’s add it into the management UI.
As an administrative user, navigate to the “Manage Plugins” page in the Management UI and select the “Available Plugins” tab, and then, click on the “Add Custom Plugin” button. The following dialog is displayed:
Fill in the details for the “test-policy” plugin. (You can find all this information in the plugin’s “pom.xml” file.) apiman will use this information to locate the policy plugin in your local maven repo:
And, after you click on the “Add Plugin” button, the policy plugin is installed:
Notice that there are (2) buttons in the “Actions” column of the “Installed Plugins” table. The button labeled with an “X” enables you to remove the plugin. The button labeled with an up-arrow enables you to upgrade the policy plugin.
In order for apiman to recognize that a plugin policy has been updated, the plugin version number must change. To change the version number of the test-policy plugin, edit these files, and change the version from “1.2.2” to “1.2.3”:
./pom.xml
test-policy/pom.xml
Then, to rebuild the plugins, and install them into your local maven repo, execute this command:
mvn clean install
After rebuilding the plugins, return to the apiman Management UI, and click on the plugin policy’s upgrade button. Enter the new plugin version number in the dialog that is displayed:
And, after you perform the upgrade by clicking on the “OK” button, the plugin is upgraded:
There are a few important things to keep in mind while upgrading policy plugins:
- The upgraded version of a policy plugin replaces the previous version.
- Plans, APIs, or Client Apps that had previously been configured with the old version of the plugin policy will continue to use that older version. They will not be automatically updated to use the upgraded version of the policy plugin.
- New Plans, APIs, or Client Apps that are created after the policy plugin was upgraded will use the new/upgraded version.
- If you want to upgrade existing Plans, APIs, or Client Apps to use an upgraded policy plugin, then you will have to manually remove the old policy plugin version and then add the new policy plugin version. The apiman project documentation recommends against doing this unless there is a bug fix or new feature added in a policy plugin upgrade.
Automatically Reloading SNAPSHOT Version Policies
The final new feature added to Plugin Management in apiman 1.2.x is the automatic reloading of SNAPSHOT version policy plugins.
When you are developing a custom policy plugin, you may have to uninstall and reinstall the plugin many times while it is being debugged. This can quickly become a time-consuming manual task. Apiman 1.2.x now makes it possible for you avoid this manual installing/re-installing.
As we’ve just seen, the apiman API Gateway installs policy plugins from your local maven repo. To be more efficient, the API Gateway caches plugins the first time that they are used. If, however, a plugin’s version ends with a “-SNAPSHOT” suffix, then the API Gateway will reload it every time the plugin is used.
So, by including a “-SNAPSHOT” suffix in your custom policy plugin’s version, you can iterate through changes to the policy plugin without having to manually uninstall and then install each new version of the plugin.
Let’s take a look at this in action.
Since we want to take advantage of the automatic reloading, we must restore the “-SNAPSHOT” suffix to the test-policy custom policy plugin. To make these changes, edit these files, and change the version from “1.2.3” to “1.2.2-SNAPSHOT”:
./pom.xml
test-policy/pom.xml
Then, to build the plugins, and install them into your local maven repo, execute this command:
mvn clean install
And then add the custom policy plugin in the Management UI:
And, here’s the installed plugin:
Before we can configure the custom policy plugin, we need an API. For this example, we’ll use our old friend, “apiman-echo.” You can download this API from this git repository: https://github.com/apiman/apiman-quickstarts
The steps to build, deploy, and configure this API are available in the first article in this series: The Impatient New User Guide to apiman
We’ll use the postman web client to access the API. The first time that we access the API, we’ll see this response (note the text highlighted in green):
{
"method" : "GET",
"resource" : "/apiman-echo",
"uri" : "/apiman-echo",
"headers" : {
"Accept" : "*/*",
"Cache-Control" : "no-cache",
"User-Agent" : "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/46.0.2490.86 Safari/537.36",
"Connection" : "keep-alive",
"Test-Policy" : "true",
"Postman-Token" : "8808bb68-1c1c-ef97-449d-ab60f620b0e5",
"Host" : "localhost:8080",
"Accept-Language" : "en-US,en;q=0.8",
"Accept-Encoding" : "gzip, deflate, sdch"
},
"bodyLength" : null,
"bodySha1" : null
}
OK, now, let’s change the policy plugin. In this file: src/main/java/io/apiman/plugins/test_policy/TestPolicy.java
Change this line from this: request.getHeaders().put(“Test-Policy”, “true”);
To this: request.getHeaders().put(“Test-Policy”, “quite true”);
And then, rebuild the plugin with this command:
mvn clean install -DskipTests
(The “skipTests” directive is a bit of laziness. There is a test included in the plugin that will fail because of the change that we just made. You can either run this command as is, or you can edit the test in the plugin to also look for a string of “quite true.”)
Now, when we access the API again, we’ll see the change reflected - without our having to manually upgrade or uninstall/install the policy plugin:
{
"method" : "GET",
"resource" : "/apiman-echo",
"uri" : "/apiman-echo",
"headers" : {
"Accept" : "*/*",
"Cache-Control" : "no-cache",
"User-Agent" : "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/46.0.2490.86 Safari/537.36",
"Connection" : "keep-alive",
"Test-Policy" : "quite true",
"Postman-Token" : "bb900e07-249c-66e4-980a-2c9a70002c45",
"Host" : "localhost:8080",
"Accept-Language" : "en-US,en;q=0.8",
"Accept-Encoding" : "gzip, deflate, sdch"
},
"bodyLength" : null,
"bodySha1" : null
}
In Conclusion
From its first releases, apiman has provided users with flexibility, including support for adding custom policies through plugins. In the latest release, apiman has expanded on that flexibility by enabling users to uninstall policy plugins, upgrade policy plugins, and automatically reload policy plugins.
References
-
You can see a more detailed walk-through on how a custom policy plugin is created in this apiman blog post: https://www.apiman.io/blog/plugins/policies/development/maven/2015/03/06/custom-policies-redux.html
-
The “postman” client is available here: https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/postman/fhbjgbiflinjbdggehcddcbncdddomop?hl=en
/post


╳
Step 6:
Refine + Present
Produce preliminary working model
Present to client/director/panel for feedback
Review and outline future milestones
Reframe the problem space


-
Device Identification via Chip Manufacturing Related Fingerprints
B. Acun US Patent No: 11,205,018, 2019. -
Locality Aware Data Loading for Machine Learning
C. C. Yang, G. Cong, B. Acun, A. Morari US Patent No: 11,093,862, 2019. -
Learning-based Thermal Estimation in Multicore Architectures
E. K. Lee, B. Acun, Y. Park, P. W. Coteus US Patent No: 11,334,398, 2018. -
Variation-Aware Intra-Node Power Shifting Among Different Hardware Components
E. K. Lee, B. Acun, Y. Park, A. Morari, A. Buyuktosunoglu US Patent No: 10,761,583, 2018. -
Job Scheduling Based on Node and Application Characteristics
B. Acun, E. K. Lee, Y. Park US Patent No: 10,725,834, 2017. -
Power Efficiency Aware Node Component Assembly
B. Acun, E. K. Lee, Y. Park US Patent No: 10,831,252, 2017. -
Systems and Methods for Computer Input
B. Acun, E. Candan US Patent App. No: 15/252,163, 2017.


About
SmartMeter is hardware/software system for 24⁄7 recording of the overall electricity consumption in a family home.
It consists of a COTS camera-based embedded computer system which takes pictures of a regular electricity meter. Server software performs an OCR on these pictures and creates a time series report about the overall electricity consumption eventually revealing interesting consumption patterns.
We may gain insights from this report in order to optimze our energy footprint.
Project Definition
This is a tiny research project. Apart from the overall goal we want to achieve some learning outcomes.
Goal
Our goal is to improve our energy footprint. Therefore, SmartMeter aims for a fine-grained tracking of the electricity consumption in a family home.
Objectives
The project is less on the hardware side, rather it focusses on software for
- reliably taking pictures in 15 minutes intervals
- data management across various systems at home as well as on the Internet
- AI based optical character recognition
- unattended operation
- fine-grained consumption statistics
Expected Results
- 24⁄7 solution delivering electricity consumption data
- Set of real world pictures used for future AI projects
Learning Outcomes
- Methods and tools for AI based image processing
- Assess the maturity and ease of use of available tools
System Design
This use case diagram depicts SmartMeter’s main services.
The brief design sketch below shows SmartMeter’s hardware and software components. The local embedded camera system uploads the pictures on Dropbox. The server is a remote host on the Internet downloads them from there and performs the OCR processing.
The current design distributes some main services as well as the data across several systems on the Internet. This has implications on data and privacy protection. Although all connections are encrypted, potentially sensitive data is stored outside the physical boundaries of the house, therewith, making data and privacy vulnerable. Special attention needs to be paid on access restriction as well as on data management, e.g. data retention.
An alternative is to perform all processing on the embedded camera system. This will keep all data local. We leave this for future work.
Hardware Setup
We use Raspberry Pi 3, Model B+ as the platform for the COTS embedded camera system. It connects to a Raspberry Pi camera module.
The regular electricity meter is inside a switch cabinet. The inner side of the cabinet’s door holds the Raspberry Pi and the camera using magnets. The following picture shows the installation.
There are only 3 centimeters between the meter’s display and the cabinet door. The camera looks at the display via the mirror. A Raspberry powered USB light supplies sufficient brightness for the camera to take pictures. The next picture shows the components.
The picture shows how the installation is oriented towards the meter when the door is closed.
When operating the camera captures a mirrored image of the electricity meter’s display. Rotating and mirroring it will show the number correctly.
| Original image | Image rotated and mirrored |
|---|---|
SmartMeter Camera Software
The SmartMeter camera software runs on the Raspberry Pi. It takes pictures and uploads them to Dropbox. The central script smeter.sh
controls all functions.
For installation instruction see install_raspi.md.
Scheduling
An external timer switch powers-on the Raspberry Pi at a pre-defined time. After the reboot the cron scheduler runs the central control script smeter.sh
, which takes the pictures (takepicture.sh
) and uploads them to Dropbox (fileservice.sh
). At the end, the script shuts down the Raspberry Pi. At a later time the external timer switch powers-off.
The timer switch has only 28 slots for defining on and off times. This is not sufficient for 15 min intervals per hour. We define a coarse-grained timer duty cycle of 50% within 1 hour, which consists of 30 min power-on duty and 30 min when the Raspberry is powered off. In the power-on duty time, the smeter.sh
control script performs three measurement activities at 0, 15, 30 min after the start. This schedule achieves three 15 min intervals and leaves out one within a hour. The exact schedule deviates a bit from this description in order to give time management activities to take place before the external timer switch powers-off. The sleep delay after the cron scheduler starts gives time for the OS to bring the ressources online. The following figure depicts the schedule.
The schedule repeats as soon as the external timer switch powers-on the Raspberry Pi again.
Maintenance Mode
The above schedule makes it difficult to do maintenance activities. A developer needs to login after the bootup and stop the smeter.sh
script before the Raspberry Pi shuts down.
Maintenance mode:
The control script checks for a USB thumb drive at its startup. If it finds the file
maintenance
in the root directory, it will disable the shutdown at the end ofsmeter.sh
control script.
The developer has to set the external time switch to permanent on in order to avoid further powers-off.
The maintenance.sh
script implements the check for the maintenance mode. The following figure depicts the maintenance mode setting in smeter.sh
as an activity diagram.
Log Rotation
We use standard linux tool logrotate
. The config file logrotate.conf
defines the parameters and resides in the same directory as the other scripts. logrotate.sh
has the following functions:
- Call the linux tool
logrotate
on thelog
directory - Upload the logfiles to dropbox
The central control script smeter.sh
calls logrotate.sh
before the duty cycle ends and the system shuts down.
Logfile Analysis
The scripts like smeter.sh
, fileservice.sh
, logrotate.sh
report their actions in a logfile. A typical log line looks like the following example.
2020-08-31 01:02:01,1598828521 - /home/pi/smartmeter/smeter.sh - INFO - SmartMeter camera system starts.
Apart from regular log lines the logfiles contain all other script output as well. Run the following command to cleanup the logfiles and only store log lines in smartmeter.log
.
src/filterlog.sh > smartmeter.log
An R jupyter notebook runs the analysis and computes various summary statistics. An important output is the boxplot figure below. It shows the varying runtime of different scripts. One gains insight in the regular runtime behavior of the SmartMeter software.
The following table displays summary stats for each script. Each number reports the runtime in seconds.
smeter.sh |
fileservice.sh |
logrotate.sh |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Min. | 1738 | 38.0 | 9.00 |
| 1st Qu. | 1739 | 39.0 | 10.00 |
| Median | 1740 | 41.0 | 10.00 |
| Mean | 1742 | 41.1 | 10.96 |
| 3rd Qu. | 1743 | 42.0 | 11.00 |
| Max. | 1752 | 52.0 | 17.00 |
The complete logfile analysis is available as an R jupyter notebook. The notebook runs on mybinder and downloads recent logfiles from Dropbox. Just click the badge below to run a recent analysis.
SmartMeter Server Software
The SmartMeter server software runs on a Linux server. It downloads pictures from Dropbox and processes them using an AI-based OCR approach.
For installation instruction see install_server.md.
Software Design
… tbd …
Report
… tbd …
AI-based OCR
Content
- AI based optical character recognition
- Methods and tools for AI based image processing
- Assess the maturity and ease of use of available tools
… tbd …
Insights
The energy consumption report depicts our consumption profile. It reveals patterns which correspond to the behavior of the house’s residents. This section exploit statistical regularities to derives some measures optimizing our energy footprint. Concretely, we want to reduce the idle consumption, i.e. the energy usage when devices are not in use.
…
Conclusion
SmartMeter records the overall electricity consumption in a family home. It augments a regular electricity meter with an COTS embedded camera system. A server software creates a consumption report providing insights in energy usage patterns.
The list below displays the achieved objectives:
In the current design, data is stored and processed on an Internet server outside the physical boundaries of the house. In a future SmartMeter implementation, all processing and data handling will be performed on the embedded camera system. This will improve the situation on privacy and data protection.


Item 2.
Method 2 From Word Processor
Begin at the Main Menu space + dots123456
To open Word Processor letter w
Toggle options until "create a document" space, enter
BrailleNote says, "folder name?" and the name of the folder you last had open is displayed
To create a new folder, write the folder name
To accept typed name and continue enter
At Create a new folder?" prompt letter y=yes
BrailleNote displays, "document to create?" You may create a document to put in your new folder, but don't have to. Your folder is created
To exit back to menu Press space + e
Practice as time allows or until the skill is mastered


Kremlin Adviser Says Summit On Ukraine Conflict May Happen In 2019
by RFE/RLA senior Kremlin adviser said that a major summit aimed at resolving the more-than-five-year-old conflict in Ukraine could be held before the end of the year.
The November 17 comments by Yury Ushakov on state-run channel television echoed similar remarks from a Kremlin spokesman, a signal that the Kremlin was supportive of new efforts to find an end to the war that has killed more than 13,000 people since 2014
France last week announced that a meeting of leaders of France, Germany, Russia, and Ukraine had been scheduled for December 9, but there has been no confirmation from Moscow.
Speaking on November 17 on Rossia-1 TV, Ushakov said that a meeting would be held this year.
"I think there will be a chance to organize [the summit] this year," Ushakov said. "I can't say the exact date, because it is still under discussion, but, obviously, this year."
Earlier, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov was quoted by the Interfax news agency as saying that any potential summit would not be directly tied to the adoption of a special status for eastern Ukraine. That has been a sticking point in past negotiations.
Kyiv and Moscow have made substantive steps to ease tensions, more than five years after Russia annexed Ukraine's Crimea Peninsula and fomented a separatist war in eastern Ukraine.
Earlier this year, the two sides exchanged prisoners for the first time. And this month, Ukrainian government forces and Russian-backed fighters began withdrawing from a village in eastern Ukraine.
Also on November 17, Russia began towing three captured Ukrainian Navy ships away from a Crimea port, in what appeared to be a move toward returning the ships to Kyiv.


Section 5 Post-processing of grants
Here we remove and filter those grants that may have been erroneously classified, following the process of validation and any initial exploratory data analysis
Those grants with no funding amount recorded or no keywords from our list contributed nothing to this analysis, and were removed.
data <- data %>%
filter(Keywords != "['-']") %>%
drop_na(Grant.Amount) %>%
dplyr::select(1:42)
names(data)
Here we hard-coded several specific fixes to the classification that repeatedly cropped up during our validation process. All have been checked to have 0 mis-classifications.
# Removing grants containing "dinner"
data <- data %>%
filter(str_detect(Description, "dinner") == FALSE)
# Classifying "dissemination" as act_edu
for(i in 1:nrow(data)) {
if(str_detect(data$Description[i], "dissemination") == TRUE) {
data$cat_act_edu[i] = 1
}
}
# Removing threat_energytransport classification for "palm oil"
for(i in 1:nrow(data)) {
if(str_detect(data$Description[i], "palm oil|oil-palm|oil palm") == TRUE) {
data$cat_threat_energytransport[i] = 0
}
}
# Removing hab_other classification for "aquatic" (will be freshwater/marine)
for(i in 1:nrow(data)) {
if(str_detect(data$Description[i], "aquatic") == TRUE) {
data$cat_habitat_other[i] = 0
}
}
Based on advice from the data provider, we only included grants between 2003-2016
We ensured that our study focused on in situ conservation grants by eliminating classifications from grants that may be directed toward captive management (aquarium/zoo category).
Here, we built dummy variables that take the sum of our binary classification data across the columns of each broader category.
data <- data %>%
mutate(Num.Class = rowSums(.[,11:length(.)])) %>%
mutate(Num.Thr = rowSums(.[37:42])) %>%
mutate(Num.Act = rowSums(.[11:17])) %>%
mutate(Num.Hab = rowSums(.[c(25,26,28)])) %>%
mutate(Num.Tax = rowSums(.[30:36])) %>%
mutate(Num.Bio = rowSums(.[19:20]))
We sought to only consider grants that were focused on biodiversity conservation. Upon exploring the data, we found that many grants classified into threat_climate and threat_energytransportation were often not addressing biodiversity. Accordingly, we only included grants classified into these two sub-categories if the descriptions mentioned a biodiversity-related keyword (a habitat, taxa, or general word such as “conservation”).
Removing climate/energy grants that do not contain biodiversity conservation keywords:
## Category Lists
clim.energy_cat <- names(data)[c(37,38)] # climate and energy/transport categories
bio.filter_cat <- names(data)[c(19:28, 30:36)] # biodiversity, taxa, habitat categories
clim.energy <- data %>%
filter_at(vars(clim.energy_cat), any_vars(.>0))
clim.energy_bio <- clim.energy %>%
filter_at(vars(bio.filter_cat), any_vars(.>0))
clim.energy_non.bio <- anti_join(clim.energy, clim.energy_bio)
data_bio <- data %>%
filter_at(vars(clim.energy_cat), all_vars(.==0)) %>%
bind_rows(clim.energy_bio)
At this point, this is our final dataset of classified grants to analyze. This is our “data_multi” dataset, as grants are classified into all categories/sub-categories that the algorithm classified them into; multiple sub-category classifications are included in this dataframe.
In the “data_multi” dataset, grants classified into multiple sub-categories (e.g. threat_climate + threat_habitat) would be over-represented in our analysis of funding. We sought to only count the amount of funding for a grant once within each category. Otherwise, To accomplish this, we modified the dataset in several ways:
- Grants classified into two sub-categories were classified into a new column combining the two (e.g. threat_climate_habitat).
- Grants classified into three or more sub-categories were classified into new “other” column (e.g. threat_other).
- The habitat category had joint sub-categories in the initial list of categories (e.g. hab_marine_terrestrial). Any grants classified into both a single (e.g. hab_marine) and an overlapping joint sub-category (e.g. hab_marine_terrestrial) were classified as only the joint (e.g. hab_marine_terrestrial).
Full code exists in supplementary code folder. Subsequently, “unique” data file was written and used for further analysis