The idea of each project is to apply the visualization principles, you have learned in the course. You choose the data and task for your project yourself. Your job is to develop a meaningful interactive visualization solving the task defined by you in D3.js. You may of course use Tableau Prep or Tableau for data preparation. You will hand in a complete web site with task & data description, concept sketch, interactive visualization, references and authors.
The problem definition (a.k.a research question) is the cornerstone of your visualization project. It should be clear and focused, as well as of personal interest to you. You should develop your problem definition in order to target the specific topic but remember that the visualization should also be able to answer that question. Spend some time collecting information about a topic that interests you and remember to mention the most relevant references in the link section of your website. Discuss possible research questions with your group member and choose one for your project proposal. → Research
As a group, you should choose the data best fitting your research question. There is no restriction on the data you should use but remember that the source should be reliable. There are many open datasets available in the Internet. Please make sure that there is no copyright problem, i.e. you are allowed to use the data, as this could lead to legal issues. Once you selected the data, keep track of basic metadata information, as you should present it in your project proposal and in a dedicated section of your website. → Data
One (or more) interactive visualizations should be the core practical outcome of your project. This is the main support that visitors of your website should use to investigate and understand your data and problem. Spend some time on the Internet looking at existing solutions and draft a paper sketch (Figure 1 and 2). We ask you to enclose a sketch like this with the project proposal and on your final webpage. Remember that you should be able to justify the design solutions you implement. You need to be able to discuss the motivation, justification of your design solutions when presenting your research project in oral form. → Visualization
As previously mentioned, your visualization project goes beyond a simple visualization. We expect you to provide a complete web-based solution on your research topic. Ideally you should include at least the following elements:


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% load socialaccount %} {% block content %}
Access Wikipedia
View scores for various sport events
Check weather forecasts
Get directions to places
This is Lucidata, an application that allows you to access website related contents without using you data.
We are a group of UW Madison students working on this application as our course project and hopefully it works out well.
1.enter your email address
2.create a password for your account
3.choose payment method and confirm
4.click save and start using our app!


5 February 2009 - The Ministry of Health and Population of Egypt has announced a new human case of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection. The case is a 2-year-old male from Suez Governorate, Ganain District. His symptoms began on 2 February and he was hospitalized at the Suez Fever Hospital on 3 February. He remains in a stable condition. Infection with the H5N1 avian influenza virus was confirmed by the Egyptian Central Public Health Laboratory.
Investigations into the source of his infection indicate a recent history of contact with dead poultry.
Of the 54 cases confirmed to date in Egypt, 23 have been fatal.


 Without medical records on file and an added language barrier to overcome, most people are stuck in dire need of help. There is a need for people to have their medical records on them while traveling, as well as translated to the language of their destination.
World Record is a concealable storage device that contains your medical records in a safe and secure way. The medicals records can be translated to any language around the world.
With a small form factor and biometric fingerprint scanning, World Record secures your medical history in a lightweight package.
World Record translates your medical records into any language around the world to aid communication with foreign doctors.
Users can log notes into World Record, whether to track their daily health or use it as a travel diary.
Kevin Lee
Junior, Computer Science
Abdalla Elaameir
Senior, Computer Science
Ahmad Al-bassyiouni
Senior, Computer Science
Randy Yiv
Senior, Computer Science


fullPage.js DEMO
First Page
Second Page
First Slide
Second Page
Second Slide
Second Page
Third Slide
Third Page


There are four puzzles that look like Hashi (or Hashiwokakero), although they cannot be solved with the original ruleset listed at the beginning of the puzzle. In order for each puzzle to be (uniquely) solvable, one or all of the three bullet-pointed rules need to be “upgraded”, based on the color(s) of the border(s) around the puzzles:
- Red: There can be three bridges between pairs of islands.
- Green: Bridges can be in diagonal directions (45 degrees from horizontal/vertical).
- Blue: Bridges can intersect with each other.
With these upgrades, the puzzles are a lot easier to solve:
Taking all the bridges that used the improved rules gives SA for the first puzzle, SS for the second puzzle, IL for the third puzzle, and Y for the last puzzle, which combine to give the answer SASSILY.
Author’s Notes
This puzzle was written as a backup to another puzzle when some unusual legal complications prevented it from happening.
Originally the concept only involved allowing diagonal bridges, but trying to put seven letters in one grid with this relaxation turned out to be too difficult to construct, so I decided to break it into smaller puzzles with different rules being broken.
For some reason, I find the pair of triple diagonal crossing bridges in the last puzzle rather hilarious.


Register
First Name
Last Name
Male:
Female
Email:
Password:
Birthday:
01
02
03
Jan
Feb
Mar
1910
1911
1912
1990
I agree to the Terms and Conditions
Go!


Tiffin is a family run café in the center of Lisbon serving plant based food made with love. They wanted to increase their online visibility with an E-commerce site, but on their own terms making sure the style felt like them.
How can we help them increase their online precense in a way that they feel correctly represented?
The goal was to design a web page that had their core values of honesty, authenticity and community at heart.
The solution was a simple and straightforward web page reflecting all the values that were important to the café
We were three UX designer doing the user research, then my role was to take care of the research, ideating, branding, design, prototypes and preparing assets for the developer ..
April- May 2020 using the Agile method and delivering protoypes for mobile, tablet and desktop
Google forms, Adobe XD, Figma, Photoshop & Illustrator
In the research phase we were three Product designers working together on getting to know Fatima and Frank, the motivation to start Tiffin and significanse Tiffin has on their community. We research the competition and to find out what they did well and what they could improve on.
Now I had to examine the information gathered in the user research period
and organize everything to get an overview. In order to empathize
with the users to the maximum I used various tools like affinity map, user journeys, user personas and
user stories to put myself in their shoes.
By looking at the users pain points,
what the competitors were doing, the brainstorming phase was kicked off with the
leading question 'How might we create an E-commerce website for Tiffin that reflects
their authentic and honest values?'
Now for the tricky part - Validating the design solutions with the users through prototypes! To get into it quickly and to save myself from potentially wasting time designing I started with a Low-fi prototype to see if the framework, my intention and navigation made sense and was intuitive. The users gave some feedback which was implemented for the Mid-fi prototype which was tested on Useberry, an amazing platform where you can upload your prototype with a task for the users to complete. It records all their actions so you can see where they got confused. Pretty handy! From there follows more iterations and improvements untill we move on to the Hi-fidelity prototype
Low-fi
Mid-fi
Establishing a brand identity for Tiffin was next on the list. I took into account all the keywords that kept appearing when interviewing both the owners and their customer; Authentic, healthy, warm, natural, human, a home away from home.. I took a great deal of inspiration from the look of the real Tiffin Café, a place with a of wooden textures, plants, family board games and pictures of Tiffin's story and the community up on the wall. In the beginning we started with this beige pink version below but ended up with the green as it represented their vegeterian menu well.


|
AD525x
0.6.0
Library for I2C communication with AD5253 and AD5254 digital potentiometers using an Arduino.
|
Error code header for AD525x.h
and AD525x_ErrorStrings.h
.
More...
Go to the source code of this file.
Macros | |
| #define | EC_NO_ERR 0 |
| #define | EC_DATA_LONG 1 |
| #define | EC_NACK_ADDR 2 |
| #define | EC_NACK_DATA 3 |
| #define | EC_I2C_OTHER 4 |
| #define | EC_BAD_REGISTER 5 |
| #define | EC_BAD_WIPER_SETTING 6 |
| #define | EC_BAD_READ_SIZE 7 |
| #define | EC_BAD_DEVICE_ADDR 8 |
| #define | EC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED 9 |
| #define | EC_NOT_INITIALIZED 10 |
Error code header for AD525x.h
and AD525x_ErrorStrings.h
.
Definition in file AD525x_Errors.h.
| #define EC_BAD_DEVICE_ADDR 8 |
Bad device address - device address must be in [0, 3].
Definition at line 15 of file AD525x_Errors.h.
| #define EC_BAD_READ_SIZE 7 |
Invalid number of bytes read from register.
Definition at line 14 of file AD525x_Errors.h.
| #define EC_BAD_REGISTER 5 |
Invalid register passed to function.
Definition at line 12 of file AD525x_Errors.h.
| #define EC_BAD_WIPER_SETTING 6 |
Invalid wiper setting selected.
Definition at line 13 of file AD525x_Errors.h.
| #define EC_DATA_LONG 1 |
Data too long to fit in transmit buffer.
Definition at line 8 of file AD525x_Errors.h.
| #define EC_I2C_OTHER 4 |
Other I2C error.
Definition at line 11 of file AD525x_Errors.h.
| #define EC_NACK_ADDR 2 |
Received NACK on transmit of address.
Definition at line 9 of file AD525x_Errors.h.
| #define EC_NACK_DATA 3 |
Received NACK on transmit of data.
Definition at line 10 of file AD525x_Errors.h.
| #define EC_NO_ERR 0 |
No error.
Definition at line 7 of file AD525x_Errors.h.
| #define EC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED 9 |
Function not implemented on interface.
Definition at line 16 of file AD525x_Errors.h.
| #define EC_NOT_INITIALIZED 10 |
Communication has not been initialized.
Definition at line 17 of file AD525x_Errors.h.


I am a title!
Hi I am Desiree Steffen
Hello There! Awesome Person
The HTML content goes here.
This
Is an
Ordered list
My favorite site is
GitHub
!


An option of type Flag
takes no argument, but if present the argument is true.
| Option | Type | Description and notes |
|---|---|---|
| Input query options | ||
-query_loc |
String | Location on the query sequence in 1-based offsets (Format: start-stop) |
-strand |
String | Query strand(s) to search against database. Permissible values: both , minus , plus . Default: both |
| General search options | ||
-word_size |
Integer, >= 4 | Word size for wordfinder algorithm (length of best perfect match) |
-gapopen |
Integer | Cost to open a gap |
-gapextend |
Integer | Cost to extend a gap |
-penalty |
Integer, <= 0 | Penalty for a nucleotide mismatch |
-reward |
Integer, >= 0 | Reward for a nucleotide match |
| Query filtering options | ||
-dust |
String | Filter query sequence with DUST (Format: yes , level window linker , or no to disable). Default = 20 64 1 |
-window_masker_taxid |
Integer | Enable WindowMasker filtering using a Taxonomic ID |
-soft_masking |
Boolean | Apply filtering locations as soft masks. Default = true |
-lcase_masking |
Flag | Use lower case filtering in query and subject sequence(s)? |
| Restrict search or results | ||
-db_soft_mask |
String | Filtering algorithm ID to apply to the BLAST database as soft masking. Incompatible with: -db_hard_mask |
-db_hard_mask |
String | Filtering algorithm ID to apply to the BLAST database as hard masking. Incompatible with: -db_soft_mask |
-perc_identity |
Real, 0..100 | Percent identity |
-qcov_hsp_perc |
Real, 0..100 | Percent query coverage per hsp |
-max_hsps |
Integer, >= 1 | Set maximum number of HSPs per subject sequence to save for each query |
-culling_limit |
Integer, >= 0 | If the query range of a hit is enveloped by that of at least this many higher-scoring hits, delete the hit. Incompatible with: -best_hit_overhang , -best_hit_score_edge |
-best_hit_overhang |
Real, (> 0 and < 0.5) | Best Hit algorithm overhang value (recommended value: 0.1 ). Incompatible with: -culling_limit |
-best_hit_score_edge |
Real, (> 0 and < 0.5) | Best Hit algorithm score edge value (recommended value: 0.1 ). Incompatible with: -culling_limit |
-subject_besthit |
Flag | Turn on best hit per subject sequence |
| Discontiguous MegaBLAST options | ||
-template_type |
String | Discontiguous MegaBLAST template type. Permissible values: coding , coding_and_optimal , optimal . Requires: -template_length |
-template_length |
Integer | Discontiguous MegaBLAST template length. Permissible values: 16 , 18 , 21 . Requires: -template_type |
| Statistical options | ||
-dbsize |
Integer | Effective length of the database |
-searchsp |
Integer, >= 0 | Effective length of the search space |
-sum_stats |
Boolean | Use sum statistics |
| Extension options | ||
-xdrop_ungap |
Real | X-dropoff value (in bits) for ungapped extensions |
-xdrop_gap |
Real | X-dropoff value (in bits) for preliminary gapped extensions |
-xdrop_gap_final |
Real | X-dropoff value (in bits) for final gapped alignment |
-no_greedy |
Flag | Use non-greedy dynamic programming extension |
-min_raw_gapped_score |
Integer | Minimum raw gapped score to keep an alignment in the preliminary gapped and traceback stages |
-ungapped |
Flag | Perform ungapped alignment only? |
-window_size |
Integer, >= 0 | Multiple hits window size, use 0 to specify 1-hit algorithm |
-off_diagonal_range |
Integer, >= 0 | Number of off-diagonals to search for the 2nd hit, use 0 to turn off. Default = 0 |


With <input type="hidden"> you can add or update values in firebase without displaying them to the user. Beware, although this value is not seen on the end users screen, it is not difficult for someone to figure out the hidden value so do not put secure data here. Whenever the value is updated in firebase, the value on your web page will updated too without even hitting refresh. If the tags id does not exist in firebase, firefight will automatically add it to firebase. HTML and firefight require all ids to be unique.
The atr-user optional attribute will set the hidden value to the current users data. For example <input id="currentUser" type="hidden" atr-usr="name"> will set currentUser to the name of the authenticated user. If the user is not logged in, the value will be an empty string. To use atr-user, the ff-login attribute must be present on the page. For a complete list of valid values for atr-user, see ff-login documentation. Please see simple-chat for an example of this feature.
Firefight does not currently support nesting input or other elements that write to firebase inside ff-foreach.


Before parsing is possible you have to set your
XFastDocumentHandler using setFastDocumentHandler.
Parsing starts with calling parseStream. If the parser
finds a valid xml file with the given InputSource, it calls
XFastDocumentHandler::startDocument first.
This parser generates either 'fast' events that use integer token
values for namespaces, elements and attributes or 'unknown' events for
elements that are unknown.
A namespace is unknown if the namespace URL was not registered with
registerNamespace.
An element is unknown if no XFastTokenHandler is set
or if the XFastTokenHandler does not return a valid
identifier for the elements local name. An element is also unknown if
the elements local name is known but it uses a namespace that is unknown.
Setting a XFastTokenHandler with setTokenHandler
is optional, but without a XFastTokenHandler you will only
get unknown sax events. This can be usefull if you are only interested
in the namespace handling and/or the context feature.
For each element the parser sends a create child element event to the
elements parent context by calling
XFastContextHandler::createFastChildContext for known
elements or XFastContextHandler::createUnknownChildContext
for unknown elements.
The parent context for the root element is the XFastDocumentHandler
itself.
If the parent context returns an empty reference, no further events for
the element and all of its childs are created.
If a valid context is returned this context gets a start event by a call to
XFastContextHandler::startFastElement for known elements or
XFastContextHandler::startUnknownElement for unknown elements.
After processing all its child elements the context gets an end event by a call to
XFastContextHandler::endFastElement for known elements or
XFastContextHandler::endUnknownElement for unknown elements.
It is valid to return one instance of XFastContextHandler more
than once. It is even possible to only use the XFastDocumentHandler
by always returning a reference to itself for each create child context event.
After the last element is processed the parser generates an end document
event at the XFastDocumentHandler by calling
XFastDocumentHandler::endDocument.


I am a dynamic individual with numerous years of professional experience in the graphic design industry. My professional experience has assisted me in developing strong skills in web development, concept based illustrations, responsive layouts and printed layout designs such as magazines, books and posters. I am a self-motivated individual able to work under pressure and capable of multi-tasking with great attention to detail. I am a creative, sociable person that contributes to a pleasant and friendly work environment.
If you are interested in my profile, you can get in touch with me via email, phone


Our goal is to help you make this hard time a little bit easier by simplifying the process to give you more time with your family. To start, please enter the code provided to you.
Our goal is to help you make this hard time a little bit easier by simplifying the process to give you more time with your family. To start, please enter the code provided to you.
Our goal is to help you make this hard time a little bit easier by simplifying the process to give you more time with your family. To start, please enter the code provided to you.


I'm currrently a student at Epicodus, which is a rather unique progamming school. Here are some projects I have written or contributed to:
I started playing the trombone when I was nine and it has really shaped most of my life.
I have a band How Things Work, which is an indie rock band with:
instead of the usual guitar.
Trying to make a living as a trombonist meant I had to pick up a lot of other skills in order to pay the rent.
I've spent the last twenty years working as a:
as well as recording location sound for film.
Playing the trombone in rock bands meant I had to build my own gear. If you play a guitar, and you need an amp or something, you go to Guitar Center. There is no Trombone Center. I built my own amps and equipment so I could go onstage and plug in and play through a stack like any self-respecting guitarist. The photo above is of a microphone I made that goes to a preamp system that gives a proper signal to the club sound board from both horns. I love building this stuff, almost as much as playing the horn.
This emphasais on function, design, and construction is what led me to pursue programming. I am very interested in the underlying structure of software and how the machine actually works.


${article(comment.content)}
#for(child : comment.children)-
${child.author}
${comment_at(child.parent)}
Reply
#end
${article(child.content)}


Before Change
"Name overlap between actions and states: {}.".format(name)
)
if name in self.internals_spec:
raise TensorforceError(
"Name overlap between actions and internals: {}.".format(name)
)
self.auxiliaries_spec = OrderedDict()
for name, spec in self.actions_spec.items():
if spec["type"] == "int":
name = name + "_mask"
After Change
for name in self.internals_spec:
self.internals_init[name] = None
if name in self.states_spec:
raise TensorforceError.collision(
name="name", value=name, group1="states", group2="internals"
)
self.actions_spec = actions
for name in self.actions_spec:
if name in self.states_spec:
raise TensorforceError.collision(


{% extends "base.html" %} {% load html_escape mezzanine_tags %} {% block meta_title %}{% endblock %} {% block extra_css %} {{ block.super }} {% comment %} Trick: TinyMCE will load this later dynamically but that happens AFTER our resize calculate the height of the button bar which is unstyled yet and therefore too tall and shrinks the iframe. The solution is to force a load of the stylesheet here so the computation is accurate. {% endcomment %} {% endblock %} {% block main %}


wiki.web.User¶
Class Overview¶
This class encapsulates data about a user in the system. A User object is created with a manager, a name, and a dictionary of data. Dictionary values can be retrieved or changed with get() and set(), and this data can then be saved to the manager through save(). The is_authenticated(), is_active(), and is_anonymous() methods return a given boolean for the corresponding key in the dictionary, although is_anonymous() isn't yet implemented. Finally there is a check_password() method, which returns whether a password can authenticate the user with the user's specified authentication method. Passwords may be a salted hash or a cleartext, or authenticated with any method the developer may add (for now only the two present are checked, so any other will raise an exception).


|
|||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | ||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
java.lang.Object Task org.doxygen.tools.DoxygenTask
Ant task for Doxygen. This task provides a mapping between
all current Doxygen configuration file options (as of 1.2.18)
and Ant build files.
\par Doxygen and JavaDoc co-existence.
\note This file uses a combination of JavaDoc and Doxygen
formatting codes. Doxygen tags begin with a single back-slash
instead of the JavaDoc standard at-sign. This reduces the number
of warnings which JavaDoc issues when parsing a Doxygen documented
file while also including that text in JavaDoc output (albeit
poorly formatted).
By placing all Doxygen paragraphs before any JavaDoc paragraphs,
all text will naturally flow into the body of the main paragraph
(for a graceful degradation).
Also, but placing one or two HTML <br> tags at the end of
each paragraph, the degradation from Doxygen to JavaDoc will be
less severe.
| Nested Class Summary | |
static class |
DoxygenTask.Property
This inner class implements a nested Ant XML property container. |
| Field Summary | |
static java.lang.String |
CONFIG_FILE
Name of the temporary configuration file that will be created in ${user.home}. |
| Constructor Summary | |
DoxygenTask()
Initializes the Doxygen Configuration options. |
| Method Summary | |
void |
activityLog(boolean terseMessage,
java.lang.String theMessage)
This method allows a single point of control over the task output verbosity. |
DoxygenTask.Property |
createProperty()
This method enables nested property tags. |
void |
execute()
This is the main execution entry-point of the task. |
java.util.Map |
getTaskAttributes()
|
java.lang.String |
getVersionCompatible()
|
void |
setConfig(java.lang.String name,
java.lang.String value)
|
void |
setConfigFilename(java.lang.String attr)
Core Ant task element which specifies an non-generated Doxygen base configuration file. |
void |
setDoxygenPath(java.lang.String attr)
Core Ant task element which specifies a path to the Doxygen executable. |
void |
setVerbose(boolean attr)
Core Ant task element that controls the output verbosity of this Ant task. |
void |
setVersionCompatible(java.lang.String newVersion)
|
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Field Detail |
public static final java.lang.String CONFIG_FILE
| Constructor Detail |
public DoxygenTask()
| Method Detail |
public final void execute() throws BuildException
BuildException
- thrown in case any problem executing
the task.public final void setVersionCompatible(java.lang.String newVersion)
newVersion
- Sets the version against which compatibility
check is to be run.public final java.lang.String getVersionCompatible()
public final void setVerbose(boolean attr)
attr
- from build.xml.public final void setConfigFilename(java.lang.String attr)
attr
- from build.xml.public final void setDoxygenPath(java.lang.String attr)
attr
- from build.xml.public final DoxygenTask.Property createProperty()
Property
.public final void setConfig(java.lang.String name, java.lang.String value)
name
- Name of the configuration property.public java.util.Map getTaskAttributes()
public final void activityLog(boolean terseMessage, java.lang.String theMessage)
terseMessage
- is a flag that indicates the calling code
wants this message to appear regardless of the current
verbosity level.theMessage
- to be output, guard condition permitting.
|
|||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | ||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |


My Dear Friend I am Mrs.Savimbi, the wife to the late Jonas Savimbi, the late leader of the national Union for The Total Independence of Angola (UNITA). My husband was killed during combat action against government forces in Mexico, Angola on the 22nd of Feb. 2002. I am contacting you because of my need to deal with person whom my family had no previous relationship.Since the death of my husband, my family has been subjected to all sorts of harassment and intimidation with lots of negative report emanating from the government of President Santosabout my husband. The present government has also ensured that all our bank accounts are frozen, and all assets sized.It is in view of this that I seek your assistance in investing and managing the sum of Seventy five Million United State Dollars in your country, being the very last of my family funds in my possession and control unknown to the government.This money now in question came as a result of Diamond Royalties that was paid to my late husband from the Diamond mining within the areas in Angola being controlled by (UNITA) for more than a decade. The money was packed in a sealed trunk box and was depositd Security/Finance Company in Spain.Right now, the present government has intensified their probe on my family's financial resources; frozen all our known foreign & local accounts, revoked Diamond licenses, and even detained my son (Charles) on alleged flimsy charges just because my husband before his death was the head of UNITA.Bearing in mind thatyour assistance is needed to transfer this money, I propose a commission of 10% (Ten Percent) of the total sum to you or your company for the expected services and assistance. Please reply me through this email address below for security reasons<EMAIL_ADDRESS>I await your prompt response. Mrs.Nancy Savimbi E-mail : nancysavimbi@myway.com


'Too Much Covfefe in Morning?' Trump Causes Online Hysteria After Praising 'Great Womem' on Twitter
Over his more than 2.5-year tenure in office as the President of the United States, Donald Trump has on numerous occasions sent the Internet community reeling with a number of spelling mistakes in his tweets and slips of the tongue in his public speeches.
The US President on Sunday blessed Twitter with yet another puzzling word in a reply to a post by real estate mogul and TV personality Katrina Campins.
The president reacted to Campins' tweet, in which she praised American attorney and politician Pam Bondi.
Trump apparently wanted to express similar feelings towards Bondi, but his typing skills must have let him down as he ended up tweeting that she is a 'great womem'.
As one would expect, Twitter users just couldn't let this mishap go, launching a #womem hashtag.
Some referenced his latest unscheduled medical check-up.
Others recalled his other iconic and enigmatic typo - 'covfefe'


Oscillator Example
Output signal on digital pin 11
SQUARE
SIN
SAW
TRIANGLE
IMPULSE
LINEAR
Set frequency (0.1 - 33):


"I'm a seeker of knowledge and a partaker of copious amounts of coffee."
"I'm sugar, spice, caffeine, and misc information for everything coding!"


[gecode-users] Problem with he creation of a "branching" class
Javier Andrés Mena Zapata
javimena at gmail.com
Thu Mar 9 16:47:24 CET 2006
Hi,
I'm creating a Branching class for scheduling. I don't undestand what
is going wrong.
Sometimes the Space class throws an exception:
00271 throw SpaceFailed("Space::commit");
I don't undestand very well what I'm doing wrong... maybe I should use
Views and not Arrays, but I need the var to impose the constraints on
the new Spaces. Currently even if I don't impose new constraints, it
doesn't works.
The first lines includes 2 functions: readSpec and readSpecHouse,
those are problems specifications. The class Branching class is
SchedulingBranch. Currently I'm not using recomputation
(BranchingDesc). The class SchedulingProblem imposes the constraints
according to the specification, and finally it creates the
SchedulingBranching object.
Thanks.
--
Javier Andrés Mena Zapata
University of Valle
Cali - Colombia
-------------- next part --------------
A non-text attachment was scrubbed...
Name: spec-bridge.cc
Type: application/octet-stream
Size: 17753 bytes
Desc: not available
URL: <http://www.ps.uni-sb.de/pipermail/users/attachments/20060309/573d4596/attachment.obj>
More information about the gecode-users
mailing list


Write a program that prints 1000 lines saying "Hello World 1!", "Hello World 2!", ... up to "Hello World 1000!":
Hello World 1!
Hello World 2!
Hello World 3!
...
Hello World 1000!
Learn about loops and variables.
Now that you've recovered from the excitement of writing your first program, let's just quickly do it 1000 more times!
We could do this using 1000 println
statements with a different number in each:
println("Hello World 1!");
println("Hello World 2!");
println("Hello World 3!");
...
println("Hello World 1000!");
But it is much less work to do this with loops and variables...
// We will use comments to explain some of the tools and examples, directly in the code...
for (int i=1; i<=1000; i++) {
// This loop will repeat the things between the { and the }, 1000 times, read on to see how this works...
}
The for loop contains three parts:
for (int i=1; i<=1000; i++) {
}
for (int i=1; i<=1000; i++) {
}
for (int i=1; i<=1000; i++) {
// "i++" is the same as "i = i + 1" (i++ is much quicker to type though!)
// Adding 1 to i each time means that the loop will run 1000 times, stopping when i is 1001 because "i <= 1000" is false
}
int i = 1;
println("Hello World " + i);
Output:
Hello World 1


"router" is a Go package for peer-peer pub/sub message passing. The basic usage is to attach a send channel to an id in router to send messages, and attach a recv channel to an id to receive messages. If these 2 ids match, the messages from send channel will be "routed" to recv channel, e.g.
rot := router.New(...) chan1 := make(chan string) chan2 := make(chan string) chan3 := make(chan string) rot.AttachSendChan(PathID("/sports/basketball"), chan1) rot.AttachRecvChan(PathID("/sports/basketball"), chan2) rot.AttachRecvChan(PathID("/sports/*"), chan3)
We can use integers, strings, pathnames, or structs as Ids in router (maybe regex ids and tuple id in future).
we can connect two routers so that channels attached to router1 can communicate with channels attached to router2 transparently.
chans.go chanset.go dispatcher.go filtrans.go flowctrl.go id.go logfault.go marshaler.go msg.go notifier.go proxy.go routedchan.go router.go stream.go
const ( MemberLocal = iota //peers (send chans and recv chans) are from the same router MemberRemote //peers (send chans and recv chans) are from diff routers NumMembership )
Membership identifies whether communicating peers (send chans and recv chans) are from the same router or diff routers
const ( ScopeGlobal = iota // send to or recv from both local and remote peers ScopeRemote // send to or recv from remote peers ScopeLocal // send to or recv from local peers NumScope )
Scope is the scope to publish/subscribe (or send/recv) msgs
const ( ConnId = iota //msgs for router connection DisconnId //msgs for router disconnection ErrorId //msgs sent when one side detect errors ReadyId //msgs sent when router's chans ready to recv more msgs PubId //send new publications (set<id, chan type info>) UnPubId //remove publications from connected routers SubId //send new subscriptions (set<id, chan type info>) UnSubId //remove subscriptions from connected routers NumSysIds )
Indices for sys msgs, used for creating SysIds
const ( RouterLogId = NumSysIds + iota RouterFaultId NumSysInternalIds )
Some system level internal ids (for router internal logging and fault reporting)
const ( DefLogBufSize = 256 DefDataChanBufSize = 32 DefCmdChanBufSize = 64 UnlimitedBuffer = -1 )
Default size settings in router
var IntSysIdBase int = -10101 //Base value for SysIds of IntId
define 8 system msg ids
var PathSysIdBase string = "/10101" //Base value for SysIds of PathId
define 8 system msg ids
var StrSysIdBase string = "-10101" //Base value for SysIds of StrId
define 8 system msg ids
func Broadcast(v reflect.Value, recvers []*RoutedChan)
Simple broadcast is a plain function
func ExportedId(id Id) bool
A function used as predicate in router.idsForSend()/idsForRecv() to find all ids in a router's namespace which are exported to outside
func KeepLatestBroadcast(v reflect.Value, recvers []*RoutedChan)
KeepLastBroadcast never block. if running out of Chan buffer, drop old items and keep the latest items
func MemberString(m int) string
return the string values of membership
func ScopeString(s int) string
return string values of Scope
type BindEvent struct {
Type BindEventType
Count int //total attached
}
a message struct containing information for peer (sender/recver) binding/connection. sent by router whenever peer attached or detached.
Type: the type of event just happened: PeerAttach/PeerDetach/EndOfData Count: how many peers are still bound now
type BindEventType int8
const ( PeerAttach BindEventType = iota PeerDetach EndOfData )
type ChanDirection int
const ( Send ChanDirection = iota Recv )
type ChanInfo struct { Id Id ChanType reflect.Type ElemType *chanElemTypeData }
a message struct holding information about id and its associated ChanType
func (ici ChanInfo) String() string
type ChanInfoMsg struct { Info []*ChanInfo }
a message struct for propagating router's namespace changes (chan attachments or detachments)
type ChanReadyInfo struct { Id Id Credit int }
recver-router notify sender-router which channel are ready to recv how many msgs
func (cri ChanReadyInfo) String() string
type ChanState interface { Type() reflect.Type Interface() interface{} IsNil() bool Cap() int Len() int }
basic chan state
type Channel interface { ChanState Sender Recver }
Channel interface defines functional api of Go's channel: based on reflect.Value's channel related method set allow programming "generic" channels with reflect.Value as msgs add some utility Channel types
type ConnInfoMsg struct {
ConnInfo string
Error string
Id Id
Type string //async/flowControlled/raw
}
a message struct containing information about remote router connection
type ConnReadyMsg struct { Info []*ChanReadyInfo }
type Demarshaler interface { Demarshal(interface{}) error }
the common interface of all demarshaler such as GobDemarshaler and JsonDemarshaler
type DispatchFunc func(v reflect.Value, recvers []*RoutedChan)
DispatchFunc is a wrapper to convert a plain function into a dispatcher
func (f DispatchFunc) Dispatch(v reflect.Value, recvers []*RoutedChan)
type DispatchPolicy interface { NewDispatcher() Dispatcher }
The programming of Dispatchers: 1. do not depend on specific chan types 2. messages sent are represented as reflect.Value 3. receivers are array of RoutedChans with Channel interface of Send()/Recv()/...
DispatchPolicy is used to generate concrete dispatcher instances. For the kind of dispatcher which has no internal state, the same instance can be returned.
var BroadcastPolicy DispatchPolicy = PolicyFunc(func() Dispatcher { return DispatchFunc(Broadcast) })
BroadcastPolicy is used to generate broadcast dispatcher instances
var KeepLatestBroadcastPolicy DispatchPolicy = PolicyFunc(func() Dispatcher { return DispatchFunc(KeepLatestBroadcast) })
KeepLatestBroadcastPolicy is used to generate KeepLatest broadcast dispatcher instances
var RandomPolicy DispatchPolicy = PolicyFunc(func() Dispatcher { return NewRandomDispatcher() })
RandomPolicy is used to generate random dispatchers
var RoundRobinPolicy DispatchPolicy = PolicyFunc(func() Dispatcher { return NewRoundrobin() })
RoundRobinPolicy is ued to generate roundrobin dispatchers
type Dispatcher interface { Dispatch(v reflect.Value, recvers []*RoutedChan) }
Dispatcher is the common interface of all dispatchers
type FaultRaiser struct {
sync.Mutex
// contains filtered or unexported fields
}
FaultRaiser can be embedded into user structs/ types, which then can call Raise() directly
func NewFaultRaiser(id Id, r Router, src string) *FaultRaiser
create a new FaultRaiser to send FaultRecords to id in router "r"
func (l *FaultRaiser) Close()
func (l *FaultRaiser) Init(id Id, r Router, src string) *FaultRaiser
func (r *FaultRaiser) Raise(msg error)
raise a fault - send a FaultRecord to faultId in router
type FaultRecord struct { Source string Info error Timestamp int64 }
FaultRecord records some details about fault
type FlowControlPolicy interface {
NewFlowSender(ch Channel, args ...interface{}) (FlowSender, error)
NewFlowRecver(ch Channel, ack func(int), args ...interface{}) (FlowRecver, error)
//Stringer interface, return name of FlowControlPolicy
String() string
}
FlowControlPolicy: implement diff flow control protocols. a flow control protocol has two parts:
sender: which send msgs and recv acks from recver. recver: which recv msgs and send acks to sender.
So besides wrapping a transport Channel (for send/recv msgs)
FlowSender expose Ack(int) method to recv acks FlowRecver constructor will take as argument a ack(int) callback for sending acks.
The following Windowing and XOnOff protocols are copied from Chapter 4 of "Design And Validation Of Computer Protocols" by Gerard J. Holzmann.
var WindowFlowController FlowControlPolicy = WindowFlowControlPolicy(0)
var XOnOffFlowController FlowControlPolicy = &XOnOffFlowControlPolicy{0.75, 0.25}
type FlowRecver interface { Channel }
type FlowSender interface { Channel Ack(int) }
type Id interface { //methods to query Id content Scope() int Member() int //key value for storing Id in map Key() interface{} //for id matching Match(Id) bool MatchType() MatchType //Generators for creating other ids of same type. Since often we don't //know the exact types of Id.Val, so we have to create new ones from an existing id SysID(int, ...int) (Id, error) //generate sys ids, also called as method of Router SysIdIndex() int //return (0 - NumSysInternalIds) for SysIds, return -1 for others Clone(...int) (Id, error) //Stringer interface String() string }
Id defines the common interface shared by all kinds of ids: integers/strings/pathnames...
var ( DummyIntId Id = &IntId{Val: -10201} DummyStrId Id = &StrId{Val: "-10201"} DummyPathId Id = &PathId{Val: "-10201"} DummyMsgId Id = &MsgId{Val: MsgTag{-10201, -10201}} )
Some dummy ids, often used as seedId when creating router
func IntID(args ...interface{}) Id
IntId constructor, accepting the following arguments: Val int ScopeVal int MemberVal int
func MsgID(args ...interface{}) Id
MsgId constructor, accepting the following arguments: Family int Tag int ScopeVal int MemberVal int
func PathID(args ...interface{}) Id
PathId constructor, accepting the following arguments: Val string (path names, such as /sport/basketball/news/...) ScopeVal int MemberVal int
func StrID(args ...interface{}) Id
StrId constructor, accepting the following arguments: Val string ScopeVal int MemberVal int
type IdFilter interface { BlockInward(Id) bool BlockOutward(Id) bool }
IdFilter: the common interface of filters. concrete filters should be defined by apps with app-specific rules. if no filter defined, there is no id filtering. 1. bound with specific proxy 2. defines which ids can pass in / out to router thru this proxy 3. only filter the ids of application msgs (NOT system msgs), only involved in processing namespace change msgs: PubId/SubId 4. by default, if no filter is defined, everything is allowed 5. filters are used against ids in local namespace, not translated ones
type IdTranslator interface { TranslateInward(Id) Id TranslateOutward(Id) Id }
IdTransltor: the common interface of translators. concrete transltors should be defined by apps with app-specific rules. if no translator defined, there is no id transltions. 1. bound with specific proxy 2. translate ids of in / out msgs thru this proxy, effectively "mount" the msgs thru this proxy / conn to a subrange of router's id space 3. only translate the ids of application msgs (NOT system msgs), and it will affect the ids of every app msgs passed thru this proxy - must be highly efficient 4. by default, if no translator is defined, no translation
type IntId struct { Val int ScopeVal int MemberVal int }
Use integer as ids in router
func (id IntId) Clone(args ...int) (nnid Id, err error)
func (id IntId) Key() interface{}
func (id1 IntId) Match(id2 Id) bool
func (id IntId) MatchType() MatchType
func (id IntId) Member() int
func (id IntId) Scope() int
func (id IntId) String() string
func (id IntId) SysID(indx int, args ...int) (ssid Id, err error)
func (id IntId) SysIdIndex() int
type LogPriority int
const ( LOG_INFO LogPriority = iota LOG_DEBUG LOG_WARN LOG_ERROR )
func (lp LogPriority) String() string
type LogRecord struct { Pri LogPriority Source string Info interface{} Timestamp int64 }
LogRecord stores the log information
type LogSink struct {
// contains filtered or unexported fields
}
A simple log sink, showing log messages in console.
func NewLogSink(id Id, r Router) *LogSink
create a new log sink, which receives log messages from id in router "r"
func (l *LogSink) Close()
func (l *LogSink) Init(id Id, r Router) *LogSink
type Logger struct {
sync.Mutex
// contains filtered or unexported fields
}
Logger can be embedded into user structs / types, which then can use Log() / LogError() directly
func NewLogger(id Id, r Router, src string) *Logger
NewLogger will create a Logger object which sends log messages thru id in router "r"
func (l *Logger) Close()
func (l *Logger) Init(id Id, r Router, src string) *Logger
func (l *Logger) Log(p LogPriority, msg interface{})
send a log record to log id in router
func (l *Logger) LogError(err error)
send a log record and store error info in it
type Marshaler interface { Marshal(interface{}) error }
the common interface of all marshaler such as GobMarshaler and JsonMarshaler
type MarshalingPolicy interface { NewMarshaler(io.Writer) Marshaler NewDemarshaler(io.Reader) Demarshaler Register(interface{}) }
the common interface of all Marshaling policy such as GobMarshaling and JsonMarshaling
var GobMarshaling MarshalingPolicy = &gobMarshalingPolicy{registry: make(map[interface{}]bool)}
use package "gob" for marshaling
var JsonMarshaling MarshalingPolicy = jsonMarshalingPolicy(1)
use package "json" for marshaling
type MatchType int
MatchType describes the types of namespaces and match algorithms used for id-matching
const ( ExactMatch MatchType = iota PrefixMatch // for PathId AssocMatch // for RegexId, TupleId )
type MsgId struct { Val MsgTag ScopeVal int MemberVal int }
func (id MsgId) Clone(args ...int) (nnid Id, err error)
func (id MsgId) Key() interface{}
func (id1 MsgId) Match(id2 Id) bool
func (id MsgId) MatchType() MatchType
func (id MsgId) Member() int
func (id MsgId) Scope() int
func (id MsgId) String() string
func (id MsgId) SysID(indx int, args ...int) (ssid Id, err error)
func (id MsgId) SysIdIndex() int
type MsgTag struct { Family int //divide all msgs into families: system, fault, provision,... Tag int //further division inside a family }
Use a common msgTag as Id
var MsgSysIdBase MsgTag = MsgTag{-10101, -10101} //Base value for SysIds of MsgId
define 8 system msg ids
func (t MsgTag) String() string
type PathId struct { Val string ScopeVal int MemberVal int }
Use file-system like pathname as ids PathId has diff Match() algo from StrId
func (id PathId) Clone(args ...int) (nnid Id, err error)
func (id PathId) Key() interface{}
func (id1 PathId) Match(id2 Id) bool
func (id PathId) MatchType() MatchType
func (id PathId) Member() int
func (id PathId) Scope() int
func (id PathId) String() string
func (id PathId) SysID(indx int, args ...int) (ssid Id, err error)
func (id PathId) SysIdIndex() int
type PolicyFunc func() Dispatcher
func (f PolicyFunc) NewDispatcher() Dispatcher
type Proxy interface { //Connect to a local router Connect(Proxy) error //Connect to a remote router thru io conn //1. io.ReadWriteCloser: transport connection //2. MarshalingPolicy: gob or json marshaling //3. remaining args can be a FlowControlPolicy (e.g. window based or XOnOff) ConnectRemote(io.ReadWriteCloser, MarshalingPolicy, ...interface{}) error //close proxy and disconnect from peer Close() //query messaging interface with peer LocalPubInfo() []*ChanInfo LocalSubInfo() []*ChanInfo PeerPubInfo() []*ChanInfo PeerSubInfo() []*ChanInfo }
Proxy is the primary interface to connect router to its peer router. At both ends of a connection, there is a proxy object for its router. Simple router connection can be set up thru calling Router.Connect(). Proxy.Connect() can be used to set up more complicated connections, such as setting IdFilter to allow only a subset of messages pass thru the connection, or setting IdTranslator which can "relocate" remote message ids into a subspace in local router's namespace, or setting a flow control policy. Proxy.Close() is called to disconnect router from its peer.
func NewProxy(r Router, name string, f IdFilter, t IdTranslator) Proxy
Proxy constructor. It accepts the following arguments:
1. r: the router which will be bound with this proxy and be owner of this proxy 2. name: proxy's name, used in log messages if owner router's log is turned on 3. f: IdFilter to be installed at this proxy 4. t: IdTranslator to be installed at this proxy
type RandomDispatcher rand.Rand
Random dispatcher
func NewRandomDispatcher() *RandomDispatcher
func (rd *RandomDispatcher) Dispatch(v reflect.Value, recvers []*RoutedChan)
type RecvChan interface { ChanState Recver }
RecvChan: recving end of Channel (<-chan)
type Recver interface { Recv() (reflect.Value, bool) TryRecv() (reflect.Value, bool) }
common interface for msg recvers recvers will check if channels are closed or not
type Roundrobin int
Roundrobin dispatcher will keep the "next" index as its state
func NewRoundrobin() *Roundrobin
func (r *Roundrobin) Dispatch(v reflect.Value, recvers []*RoutedChan)
type RoutedChan struct { Kind ChanDirection Id Id Channel //external SendChan/RecvChan, attached by clients // contains filtered or unexported fields }
RoutedChan represents channels which are attached to router. They expose Channel's interface: Send()/TrySend()/Recv()/TryRecv()/... and additional info:
1. Id - the id which channel is attached to 2. NumPeers() - return the number of bound peers 3. Peers() - array of bound peers RoutedChan 4. Detach() - detach the channel from router
func (e *RoutedChan) Close()
override Channel.Close() method
func (e *RoutedChan) Detach()
func (e *RoutedChan) Interface() interface{}
func (e *RoutedChan) NumPeers() int
func (e *RoutedChan) Peers() (copySet []*RoutedChan)
type Router interface { //---- core api ---- //Attach chans to id in router, with an optional argument (chan *BindEvent) //When specified, the optional argument will serve two purposes: //1. used to tell when the remote peers connecting/disconn //2. in AttachRecvChan, used as a flag to ask router to keep recv chan open when all senders close //the returned RoutedChan object can be used to find the number of bound peers: routCh.NumPeers() AttachSendChan(Id, interface{}, ...interface{}) (*RoutedChan, error) //3. When attaching recv chans, an optional integer can specify the internal buffering size AttachRecvChan(Id, interface{}, ...interface{}) (*RoutedChan, error) //Detach sendChan/recvChan from router DetachChan(Id, interface{}) error //Shutdown router, and close attached proxies and chans Close() //Connect to a local router Connect(Router) (Proxy, Proxy, error) //Connect to a remote router thru io conn //1. io.ReadWriteCloser: transport connection //2. MarshalingPolicy: gob or json marshaling //3. remaining args can be a FlowControlPolicy (e.g. window based or XOnOff) ConnectRemote(io.ReadWriteCloser, MarshalingPolicy, ...interface{}) (Proxy, error) //--- other utils --- //return pre-created SysIds according to the router's id-type, with ScopeGlobal / MemberLocal SysID(idx int) Id //create a new SysId with "args..." specifying scope/membership NewSysID(idx int, args ...int) Id //return all ids and their ChanTypes from router's namespace which satisfy predicate IdsForSend(predicate func(id Id) bool) map[interface{}]*ChanInfo IdsForRecv(predicate func(id Id) bool) map[interface{}]*ChanInfo }
Router is the main access point to functionality. Applications will create an instance of it thru router.New(...) and attach channels to it
func New(seedId Id, bufSize int, disp DispatchPolicy, args ...interface{}) Router
New is router constructor. It accepts the following arguments:
1. seedId: a dummy id to show what type of ids will be used. New ids will be type-checked against this. 2. bufSize: the buffer size used for router's internal channels. if bufSize >= 0, its value will be used if bufSize < 0, it means unlimited buffering, so router is async and sending on attached channels will never block 3. disp: dispatch policy for router. by default, it is BroadcastPolicy 4. optional arguments ...: name: router's name, if name is defined, router internal logging will be turned on, ie LogRecord generated LogScope: if this is set, a console log sink is installed to show router internal log if logScope == ScopeLocal, only log msgs from local router will show up if logScope == ScopeGlobal, all log msgs from connected routers will show up
type SendChan interface { ChanState Sender }
SendChan: sending end of Channel (chan<-)
type Sender interface { Send(reflect.Value) TrySend(reflect.Value) bool Close() }
common interface for msg senders and senders are responsible for closing channels
type StrId struct { Val string ScopeVal int MemberVal int }
Use strings as ids in router
func (id StrId) Clone(args ...int) (nnid Id, err error)
func (id StrId) Key() interface{}
func (id1 StrId) Match(id2 Id) bool
func (id StrId) MatchType() MatchType
func (id StrId) Member() int
func (id StrId) Scope() int
func (id StrId) String() string
func (id StrId) SysID(indx int, args ...int) (ssid Id, err error)
func (id StrId) SysIdIndex() int
type WindowFlowControlPolicy byte
WindowFlowController: simple window flow control protocol for lossless transport the transport Channel between Sender, Recver should have capacity >= expected credit Figure 4.5 in Gerard's book
func (wfc WindowFlowControlPolicy) NewFlowRecver(ch Channel, ack func(int), args ...interface{}) (FlowRecver, error)
func (wfc WindowFlowControlPolicy) NewFlowSender(ch Channel, args ...interface{}) (FlowSender, error)
func (wfc WindowFlowControlPolicy) String() string
type XOnOffFlowControlPolicy struct {
// contains filtered or unexported fields
}
X-on/X-off protocol Figure 4.2 and Figure 4.3 in Gerard's book
func (fcp *XOnOffFlowControlPolicy) NewFlowRecver(ch Channel, ack func(int), args ...interface{}) (FlowRecver, error)
func (fcp *XOnOffFlowControlPolicy) NewFlowSender(ch Channel, args ...interface{}) (FlowSender, error)
func (fcp *XOnOffFlowControlPolicy) String() string


Change Log: 2.097.0
Download D 2.097.0
released Jun 03, 2021
Compiler changes
- Deprecation period for ambiguous ternary expressions has ended
- Usage of the body keyword has been deprecated
- Deprecate a case of using fully-qualified names to bypass imports
- Explicit package visibility attribute is now always applied to new scopes
- pragma(mangle) can now be applied to aggregates
- Complex and imaginary types are now deprecated
- while (auto n = expression) is now supported
Library changes
- Centering formatted output.
- AllImplicitConversionTargets replaces ImplicitConversionTargets
- Formatting integers with %e, %f, %g and %a is now possible.
- Implementation of pow(f, -2) and f ^^ -2 changed
- Deprecate std.format : enforceValidFormatSpec
- Deprecate std.format : formatElement
- Deprecate std.format : unformatElement
- FieldnameTuple now returns an empty tuple for interfaces
- Fields (formerly FieldTypeTuple) now returns an empty tuple for interfaces
- Floating point numbers can be formatted at compile time
- Formatting floating point numbers don't allocate with the GC anymore.
- Some reals will be downcast to double when used with std.format.
- std.typecons.Nullable: Remove deprecated alias get this.
- Documentation of std.format has been completely reworked.
- Module std.format has been split into smaller modules
- Module std.math has been split into smaller modules
- splitWhen added to std.algorithm.iteration
- The old benchmarking functionality in std.datetime has been removed.
- std.exception.enforceEx has been removed.
- New module: std.sumtype
- std.range.Transposed: Remove deprecated member save
List of all bug fixes and enhancements in D 2.097.0.
Compiler changes
- Deprecation period for ambiguous ternary expressions has ended
In D, the ternary operator (?:) has a higher precedence than the assignment operator (=), hence:
true ? stt = "AA" : stt = "BB"
actually means:
(true ? (stt = "AA") : stt) = "BB",
This is in line with C, and many other languages (except C++), but comes at a surprise to many, which is why this specific combination of ternary and assignment was deprecated in v2.082.0 (2018-09-01).
The deprecation instructs the user to use parenthesis to make the intent explicit, so the above snippet should read as:
true ? (stt = "AA") : (stt = "BB")
This deprecation period has now ended and the compiler will now issue an error for ambiguous code.
- Usage of the body keyword has been deprecated
Using body to indicate the body of a function or method in the presence of contracts is now deprecated. Any leftover usage of body can be replaced with do. This replacement, introduced by DIP1003, has been available since DMD v2.075.0 (July 2017).
- Deprecate a case of using fully-qualified names to bypass imports
Since v2.084 it is no longer possible to bypass private imports by using fully-qualified names, this was deprecated in v2.071 but when fully-qualified names are used as a type (vs an expression) the code is accepted without any warning.
Starting with this release the compiler will now properly deprecate the previous omitted case.
The issue is best described in the following example:
import std.algorithm; // deprecated in v2.071, error since v2.084 auto a = std.range.Take!(int[]); // Error: undefined identifier `range` in package `std`... // now it's deprecated, will be error from v2.106 std.range.Take!(int[]) s;
- Explicit package visibility attribute is now always applied to new scopes
If a less restrictive package attribute appeared within the scope of another package attribute, the more restrictive parent would override any explicit child visibility.
Example:
module pkg.foo; package(pkg.foo): // analogous to "private" or plain "package" package(pkg) int bar(); // package(pkg) was being ignored
Starting from this version, the package visibility attribute is now always applied as long as it is valid. In the given example, this allows any module in the package pkg to import and use the symbol bar.
- pragma(mangle) can now be applied to aggregates
The syntax is pragma(mangle, str_or_decl [, str] ) declaration; where str_or_decl is either: a string expression to substitute the name of declaration; or a class, struct, or union declaration or template instance to use instead of declarations for mangling. If the optional second argument is present, use that as a name instead but keep the namespaces and template parameters of str_or_decl (if any).
This enables binding with functions that take classes by value or reference and to classes that are D keywords.
To bind C++'s std::function by value:
extern(C++, "std") { template std_function(F) { pragma(mangle, "function") class std_function { // member variables and functions } } } template ScopeClass(C , string name) { enum ns = __traits(getCppNamespaces,C); extern(C++, class) extern(C++,(ns)) { pragma(mangle, C, name) struct ScopeClass { char[__traits(classInstanceSize, C)] buffer; // member variables and functions } } } alias FuncType = void function(int); alias RawFuncType = typeof(*FuncType.init); // Mangles as `void funk(std::function<void(int)> a)` extern(C++) void funk( ScopeClass!(std_function!(RawFuncType)),"function") a );
- Complex and imaginary types are now deprecated
D previously supported complex and imaginary versions of all floating point types as part of the language.
float a = 2; ifloat b = 4i; cfloat c = a + b; assert(c == 2 + 4i);
However these types are too specialized to be a part of the core language, and the same functionalities can be implemented as part of a library type. As such, older versions of DMD provided the -transition=complex switch to warn when those builtin types were used. This transition phase has finished, and those deprecations are now turned on by default.
Users should use std.complex.Complex instead.
import std.complex; float a = 2; float b = 4; auto c = complex(a, b); assert(c == complex(2, 4));
The -transition=complex switch that previously turn on deprecation warnings no longer has an effect and has also been deprecated.
- while (auto n = expression) is now supported
Up until this release, while (auto n = expression) was not supported, although the if counterpart: if (auto n = expression) compiled succesfully. Starting with the current compiler version, while (auto n = expression) is accepted, having the exact same semantics as:
while (true) { if (auto n = expression) { /* loop body */ } else { break; } }
Library changes
- Centering formatted output.
A new flag '=' has been added to the format specifier, which allows to center the output:
assert(format!"|%=8d|"(1234) == "| 1234 |");
In case the output cannot be centered exactly it is moved slightly to the left if '-' flag is present too and to the right else:
assert(format!"|%=-8d|"(123) == "| 123 |"); assert(format!"|%=8d|"(123) == "| 123 |");
- AllImplicitConversionTargets replaces ImplicitConversionTargets
The function ImplicitConversionTargets in module std.traits has a design flaw: The list of conversion targets contains some, but not all unsafe conversion targets. To overcome this, a new function AllImplicitConversionTargets has been added and ImplicitConversionTargets has been deprecated.
- Formatting integers with %e, %f, %g and %a is now possible.
The formatting posibilities of integers have been expanded to the specifiers that are typical for floating point numbers: Integers can now be formatted using %e, %f, %g and %a. The result is similar to the result expected for the corresponding floating point value.
assert(format!"%.3e"(ulong.max) == "1.845e+19"); assert(format!"%.3,3f"(ulong.max) == "18,446,744,073,709,551,615.000"); assert(format!"%.3g"(ulong.max) == "1.84e+19"); assert(format!"%.3a"(ulong.max) == "0x1.000p+64");
- Implementation of pow(f, -2) and f ^^ -2 changed
We noticed that the implementation of pow(f, -2) and f ^^ -2 with f being a floating point value, was buggy for some values of f. Unfortunately the fix implies small changes for other values for f (with exponent -2) too: The least significant bits of the result might differ from the current implementation. (This is due to the peculiarities of floating point numbers and cannot be avoided with reasonable means.)
To avoid problems, make sure, that your algorithms do not rely on the least significant bits of floating point calculations, for example by using isClose instead of ==.
- Deprecate std.format : enforceValidFormatSpec
enforceValidFormatSpec from std.format has been accidentally made public and will be removed from public view in 2.107.0.
- Deprecate std.format : formatElement
formatElement from std.format has been accidentally made public and will be removed from public view in 2.107.0.
Please use instead of formatElement(sink, value, fmt):
import std.range : only; sink.put(format!("%("~fmt~"%)")(only(value)));
- Deprecate std.format : unformatElement
unformatElement from std.format has been accidentally made public and will be removed from public view in 2.107.0.
Please use instead for strings and characters parseElement from std.conv and for all else unformatValue from std.format.read.
- FieldnameTuple now returns an empty tuple for interfaces
Previously FieldNameTuple returned AliasSeq!"" for interfaces as done for non-aggregate types like int, char*, ... . This behaviour was surprising because an instance of that interface may have members that just are not known at compile time.
FieldNameTuple will now return an empty AliasSeq!() for interfaces.
- Fields (formerly FieldTypeTuple) now returns an empty tuple for interfaces
Previously Fields returned AliasSeq!(Interface) for interfaces as done for non-aggregate types like int, char*, ... . This behaviour was surprising because an instance of an interface may have members that just are not known at compile time.
Fields will now return an empty AliasSeq!() for interfaces.
- Floating point numbers can be formatted at compile time
Example:
import std.format : format; import std.math : sqrt; enum pi = format!"%s"(3.1415926f); static assert(pi == "3.14159"); enum golden_ratio = format!"|%+-20.10E|"((1 + sqrt(5.0)) / 2); static assert(golden_ratio == "|+1.6180339887E+00 |");
- Formatting floating point numbers don't allocate with the GC anymore.
The implementation of formatting floating point numbers has been reworked. We made sure that working examples never allocate with the GC, however, we are still using exceptions which are GC managed. Therefore, code that uses formatting correctly will never allocate, but in the case of exceptions, the GC will be used to allocate the exception. We are working on DIP 1008 to solve this issue.
- Some reals will be downcast to double when used with std.format.
In the internals of std.format we replaced a call to snprintf of libc with routines written in D for formatting floating point values. These functions only work for floats, doubles, 64-bit-reals and 80-bit-reals (x87-reals) yet.
All other reals are handled by downcasting them to doubles before being formatted. This might result in a loss of precision in the output. Further, numbers larger than double.max will be formatted like double.max and numbers large than zero but smaller than the smallest positive double will be formatted like the smallest positive double. Likewise for negative values.
- std.typecons.Nullable: Remove deprecated alias get this.
Nullable no longer implicitly converts to its member. This feature was problematic because a simple use of a value could invisibly cause an assertion due to type conversion. To restore the previous behavior, replace uses of a Nullable value n with n.get.
- Documentation of std.format has been completely reworked.
 The whole package was reviewed and all documentations, including examples, improved and extended.
Some highlights:
- The grammar of the format string was updated.
- A detailed description of format specifiers was provided.
- Several examples on how to use the functions and the format strings were added.
- Module std.format has been split into smaller modules
The module std.format has been split into submodules:
- std.format.spec: Symbols concerning the format string, mainly the struct FormatSpec and the template singleSpec
- std.format.read: Symbols concerning reading input, mainly the template formattedRead and the template unformatValue
- std.format.write: Symbols concerning writing output, mainly the template formattedWrite and the template formatValue
All public symbols are still accessible using std.format as usual.
- Module std.math has been split into smaller modules
The module std.math has been split into submodules:
- std.math.constants: Mathematical constants, like PI.
- std.math.algebraic: Basic algebraic functions, like abs and sqrt.
- std.math.trigonometry: Trigonometric functions, like sin and cos.
- std.math.rounding: Functions concerned about rounding, like ceil and floor.
- std.math.exponential: Exponential and logarithmic functions, like pow, exp and log.
- std.math.remainder: Function calculating the remainder, like fmod.
- std.math.operations: Floating-point operations, like isClose, nextUp and fmin.
- std.math.traits: Floating-point introspection, like isNaN and isSubnormal.
- std.math.hardware: Hardware control: IeeeFlags and FloatingPointControl.
All public symbols are still accessible using std.math as usual.
- splitWhen added to std.algorithm.iteration
std.algortihm.iteration.splitWhen is a variant of the existing std.algortihm.iteration.chunkBy function that does not require its predicate to be an equivalence relation, allowing it to be used in ways that chunkBy cannot. For example:
// Grouping by maximum adjacent difference: import std.math : abs; import std.algorithm; auto r3 = [1, 3, 2, 5, 4, 9, 10].splitWhen!((a, b) => abs(a-b) >= 3); assert(r3.equal!equal([ [1, 3, 2], [5, 4], [9, 10] ]));
This would have an undefined result with chunkBy, because it requires that if pred(a,b) and pred(b,c) return true, pred(a,c) must also return true.
- The old benchmarking functionality in std.datetime has been removed.
It had been deprecated in 2.077.0 in favor of std.datetime.stopwatch, which uses core.time.MonoTime and core.time.Duration.
- std.exception.enforceEx has been removed.
It had been deprecated in 2.079 in favor of std.exception.enforce.
- New module: std.sumtype
The sumtype package from code.dlang.org has been added to the standard library as std.sumtype.
It provides SumType, a generic discriminated union implementation that uses design-by-introspection to generate safe and efficient code, and is intended to serve as a replacement for the legacy std.variant.Algebraic.
Features of SumType include:
- Pattern matching.
- Support for self-referential types.
- Full compatibility with pure, @safe, @nogc, nothrow, and scope.
- No dependency on runtime type information (TypeInfo).
- Compatibility with BetterC.
Example usage:
import std.sumtype; import std.math : isClose; struct Fahrenheit { double degrees; } struct Celsius { double degrees; } struct Kelvin { double degrees; } alias Temperature = SumType!(Fahrenheit, Celsius, Kelvin); // Construct from any of the member types. Temperature t1 = Fahrenheit(98.6); Temperature t2 = Celsius(100); Temperature t3 = Kelvin(273); // Use pattern matching to access the value. Fahrenheit toFahrenheit(Temperature t) { return Fahrenheit( t.match!( (Fahrenheit f) => f.degrees, (Celsius c) => c.degrees * 9.0/5 + 32, (Kelvin k) => k.degrees * 9.0/5 - 459.4 ) ); } assert(toFahrenheit(t1).degrees.isClose(98.6)); assert(toFahrenheit(t2).degrees.isClose(212)); assert(toFahrenheit(t3).degrees.isClose(32)); // Use ref to modify the value in place. void freeze(ref Temperature t) { t.match!( (ref Fahrenheit f) => f.degrees = 32, (ref Celsius c) => c.degrees = 0, (ref Kelvin k) => k.degrees = 273 ); } freeze(t1); assert(toFahrenheit(t1).degrees.isClose(32)); // Use a catch-all handler to give a default result. bool isFahrenheit(Temperature t) { return t.match!( (Fahrenheit f) => true, _ => false ); } assert(isFahrenheit(t1)); assert(!isFahrenheit(t2)); assert(!isFahrenheit(t3));
- std.range.Transposed: Remove deprecated member save
Transposed never worked as forward range.
Dub changes
- Added support for low memory compilation option to the dub settings file.
To enable, set defaultLowMemory to true. For dmd and ldc, the -lowmem command-line option is added when compiling.
{ "defaultLowMemory": true }
List of all bug fixes and enhancements in D 2.097.0:
DMD Compiler regression fixes
- Bugzilla 21752: Template constraint breaks nested eponymeous template
- Bugzilla 21802: opAssign and opOpAssign treat lazy void parameters inconsistently
- Bugzilla 21880: [REG 2.095] scope variable assigned to non-scope parameter calling function
- Bugzilla 21898: Qualifier ignored in alias definition if parentheses are not present
- Bugzilla 21914: naked assembler functions get wrong offset to parameters
- Bugzilla 21936: [REG 2.080.1] Segfault when compiled with -dip1000
DMD Compiler bug fixes
- Bugzilla 2450: Error using operators from named template mixin
- Bugzilla 13815: Inconsistent goto jump behavior between compile-time and runtime
- Bugzilla 14114: Allow volatileLoad/Store to access null location
- Bugzilla 14145: opDispatch not considered when function body doesn't compile
- Bugzilla 14740: __traits(allMembers) returns erroneous 'this' member for types declared in functions.
- Bugzilla 14954: extern opaque struct instance doesn't compile
- Bugzilla 15478: cases of missed CTFE evaluation when defining arrays dimensions
- Bugzilla 16472: Spurious "is used as a type" when aliasing enum template as default parameter
- Bugzilla 17146: Internal error: tk.c 266 with -O -inline
- Bugzilla 18251: deprecate + transition=complex shouldn't look at functions with non-matching if constraints
- Bugzilla 19387: [dip1000] __fieldPostblit should be scope or deduce scope qualifier
- Bugzilla 19443: core.simd generates MOVLPS instead of MOVHLPS
- Bugzilla 19783: Fail to emplace struct with betterC
- Bugzilla 20460: [OSX] DMD writes the same address everywhere in DWARF debug infos
- Bugzilla 20581: DIP1000 wrongly flags hidden ref temporary
- Bugzilla 20599: cpp_long as enum type doesn't work
- Bugzilla 20704: -preview=rvaluerefparam does not work with init as default parameter
- Bugzilla 20855: stack overflow when compiling large file
- Bugzilla 21403: dmd/backend/cgcs.d:375 assert failed
- Bugzilla 21651: Unimported package doesn't error out when used as part of fully qualified type
- Bugzilla 21661: Can't use fully-qualified name of the current module inside an expression
- Bugzilla 21665: Void initialization should not be allowed for instances of struct with invariant
- Bugzilla 21668: Cannot declare ref parameter of opaque type
- Bugzilla 21672: [REG][ICE][SIMD] accessing SIMD type as a short causes compiler ice
- Bugzilla 21680: inconsistent error on typeof({ return field; }())
- Bugzilla 21684: Assert fail for Win32 with a struct larger than 64k in size
- Bugzilla 21699: Duplicate error for index out of bounds at compile time
- Bugzilla 21726: Wrong comparison in package(...) visibilities
- Bugzilla 21739: debug case can access variable from other case
- Bugzilla 21742: dot template expressions don't have the void type like any template
- Bugzilla 21743: getOverloads fails to propagate 'this' expression for template member
- Bugzilla 21753: Struct literal with function literal member not allowed as template value argument
- Bugzilla 21765: Assignment-as-condition error with checkaction=context
- Bugzilla 21779: assert not omitted for -release -checkaction=context
- Bugzilla 21785: Cannot declare variable of opaque enum with base type
- Bugzilla 21791: Stack overflow for forward-referenced enum initializer
- Bugzilla 21792: Enum using itself as base type crashes dmd
- Bugzilla 21793: Cannot initialize shared member with -preview=nosharedaccess
- Bugzilla 21797: Stack overflow for forward-referenced enum min / max
- Bugzilla 21812: __traits(allMembers) on types with value tuples return ghost members
- Bugzilla 21816: testing XMM for nan does not work
- Bugzilla 21822: Optimizer flowlv() does not account for OPmemcmp and OPstrcmp
- Bugzilla 21825: DIP1034: Do not spuriously warn "calling XXX without side effects discards return value of type 'noreturn'"
- Bugzilla 21826: MSCOFF output for Win32 should not use EBP for anything other than the frame pointer
- Bugzilla 21827: Null pointer exception in elToPair() in backend/cgelem.d
- Bugzilla 21828: Enum forward-references just assume int base type
- Bugzilla 21830: Wrong deprecation message when non-deprecated template in static condition
- Bugzilla 21831: Wrong deprecation message in template parameters before evaluating constraints
- Bugzilla 21832: Wrong deprecation message when importing non-deprecated template in static condition
- Bugzilla 21833: Optimizer incorrectly rewrites integer comparison to unsigned short comparison
- Bugzilla 21849: UTF8: -verrors=context doesn't respect multibyte characters
- Bugzilla 21861: ctfe fails when a nested enum or function has a UDA
- Bugzilla 21870: Property/method not invoked and requires () when used in static array length
- Bugzilla 21874: The test suite fails with most recent GDB versions
- Bugzilla 21876: Zero-length static arrays "cannot be read at compile time"
- Bugzilla 21878: "ref" lost when indexing array in CTFE
- Bugzilla 21882: [ICE][dip1021] src/dmd/escape.d(1850): Assertion failure
- Bugzilla 21883: poor error message when swapping order of base class and interface
- Bugzilla 21918: segfault in getParameterStorageClasses on auto function with error
- Bugzilla 21927: ICE (illegal instruction) with static foreach over empty member template
- Bugzilla 21940: Compiler flags -check=on/off not recognized
DMD Compiler enhancements
- Bugzilla 16140: while(auto x = y) does not behave like if(auto x = y)
- Bugzilla 20068: Union initialization in constructors should be @safe
- Bugzilla 21203: Accept pragma(mangle) on aggregate types
- Bugzilla 21585: add __traits(totype, string) to convert mangled type string to an existing type
- Bugzilla 21630: assert(0) and assert(false) should not be marked for coverage
- Bugzilla 21835: Operation on float should use XMM register, not x87
Phobos regression fixes
- Bugzilla 21716: std.regex performance regression (additional GC allocation)
- Bugzilla 21725: Specifying null as bitfields variable name now fails
Phobos bug fixes
- Bugzilla 8424: Compile time conversions of double/floats to strings
- Bugzilla 9297: Formatting of floating point values in std.format truncates reals to double
- Bugzilla 15227: std.format undocumented grammar
- Bugzilla 15348: std.stdio.writef format specifier error message
- Bugzilla 15386: std.format.formatValue usage hangs
- Bugzilla 15888: std.format should not produce deprecated hexstrings
- Bugzilla 16432: JSON incorrectly parses to string
- Bugzilla 17381: Checked format string is permissive after floating point argument
- Bugzilla 18780: Inconsistent behavior with Variant holding int converting to unsigned types
- Bugzilla 20320: format("%f") leeds to wrong output
- Bugzilla 20371: std.format limited to 500 characters for floats
- Bugzilla 20502: Converting std.typecons.RefCounted!T to a string gives T's storage location instead of T's fields when T is a struct without an explicit toString
- Bugzilla 20534: std.format: %r on boolean gives wrong result
- Bugzilla 20536: std.format: %a on reals is inconsistent with %a on float/double
- Bugzilla 21456: std.format does not accept enum member with string base type as template parameter
- Bugzilla 21512: RedBlackTree!Tid treats any values as duplicated except for Tid.init
- Bugzilla 21575: Child processes spawned by std.process.spawnProcess accidentally inherit signal masks in parent process
- Bugzilla 21592: two stack traces if high surrogate is printed
- Bugzilla 21601: std.math : pow(float/double, -2) produces sometimes wrong result
- Bugzilla 21627: macOS: std.stdio.File.sync does not guarantee to be written to disk
- Bugzilla 21641: std.format: %g produces in rare circumstances inconsistent result
- Bugzilla 21679: Assertion failure in Base64.encoder for empty input range of ranges
- Bugzilla 21700: Long deprecated Stopwatch std.datetime is still not removed
- Bugzilla 21702: avoid quadratic template expansion in constraints of multiple search term versions of std.algorithm.searching.startsWith & endsWith
- Bugzilla 21704: Nullable fails to destroy static array elements
- Bugzilla 21705: Nullable!T.opEquals fails for T with non-const opEquals overload
- Bugzilla 21707: std.base64: Faulty input creates range error instead of Base64Exception
- Bugzilla 21708: SumType.opEquals gives confusing error message
- Bugzilla 21721: casting std.BigInts to built-in floating point types doesn't work without -preview=dip1000
- Bugzilla 21722: toString(sink, string format) does not work with non-"%s" strings
- Bugzilla 21724: std.algorithm.mutation.copy fails on overlapping arrays if the source array's pointer is less than the destination array's pointer
- Bugzilla 21728: rawRead calls fread with NULL if invoked on closed readEnd of Pipe (segfault)
- Bugzilla 21729: rawRead derefences null pointer if invoked on closed File (segfault)
- Bugzilla 21730: null ptr dereferenced in ChunksImpl.opApply (SIGSEGV)
- Bugzilla 21738: std.format.spec: singleSpec should throw on "%%"
- Bugzilla 21758: std.experimental.checkedint opBinaryRight with integer left-hand side does not compile for any operators except + and -
- Bugzilla 21777: std.format: several issues when formatting integers with precision
- Bugzilla 21814: std.format: grouping with width 0 causes floating point exception
- Bugzilla 21817: std.format: %u on integer does not print unsigned value
- Bugzilla 21820: std.format: formatting zero should never lead to empty string
- Bugzilla 21834: std.numeric.gcd can't handle negative values
- Bugzilla 21836: std.format: grouping may cause RangeError
- Bugzilla 21838: std.format: Grouping garbles up %a output
- Bugzilla 21840: std.format: grouping ignores space flag with %e
- Bugzilla 21841: std.format: grouping produces strange result with zero precision and %e
- Bugzilla 21842: std.format: "%-+05,g" adds extra comma
- Bugzilla 21846: std.format: provided format string for toString does not work with grouping
- Bugzilla 21853: std.format: formatting real.max in CTFE fails
- Bugzilla 21863: FieldNameTuple returns emptry string for interfaces
- Bugzilla 21875: std.format: wrong number of format specifiers in nested format string of associative arrays should be detected
- Bugzilla 21900: std.format: round to even does not work for hex integers with letters
Phobos enhancements
- Bugzilla 13595: Extend std.algorithm.groupBy to support non-equivalence relations
- Bugzilla 16200: Faster pow implementation for integral exponents
- Bugzilla 18024: checkedint.Abort and checkedint.Warn should be @safe
- Bugzilla 18627: std.complex is a lot slower than builtin complex types at number crunching
- Bugzilla 20756: ImplicitConversionTargets ignores interface inheritance
- Bugzilla 21759: std.experimental.checkedint.Checked is not compatible with "%d" and "%x" integer format specifiers
- Bugzilla 21760: std.conv.to does not know how to convert a string to a std.experimental.checkedint.Checked!T
- Bugzilla 21761: make std.experimental.checkedint.Checked!T.toHash callable when Checked!T is shared
- Bugzilla 21808: std.format: It should be possible to change the order of key and value of AAs.
- Bugzilla 21847: std.format: %e, %g and %a should be supported for integers too
- Bugzilla 21858: std.format: centering output
Druntime regression fixes
- Bugzilla 21097: [REG2.083] Stack exhaustion upon large struct .destroy
- Bugzilla 21363: [REG2.094] Implementation of core.bitop.ror(x,0) is using UB
Druntime bug fixes
- Bugzilla 21764: checkaction=context doesn't work for empty tuples
- Bugzilla 21857: TypeInfo_Array.compare can give wrong result when either array exceeds 2GB
Druntime enhancements
- Bugzilla 21789: Codecov should use default umask for file permissions
dlang.org enhancements
- Bugzilla 21161: [Variadic Templates] uses outdated example from D1 / Tango
- Bugzilla 21869: Invalid hyperlink to doxygen
Contributors to this release (54)
A huge thanks goes to all the awesome people who made this release possible.
- Adam D. Ruppe
- aG0aep6G
- Airbus5717
- Andrei Alexandrescu
- Andrej Petrović
- Arne
- Ate Eskola
- Atila Neves
- Basile Burg
- berni44
- Boris Carvajal
- Brian Callahan
- Chigusa0w0
- dkorpel
- DoctorNoobingstoneIPresume
- Florian
- Hiroki Noda
- Iain Buclaw
- Imperatorn
- Jason B. Cox
- Johan Engelen
- Jon Degenhardt
- linkrope
- Lucien Perregaux
- Luhrel
- Luís Ferreira
- Martin Kinkelin
- Martin Nowak
- Mathias Lang
- Mathis Beer
- Max Haughton
- MetaLang
- mhh
- Mike Parker
- MoonlightSentinel
- Nathan Sashihara
- Nicholas Wilson
- Nick Treleaven
- nordlow
- Paul Backus
- Per Nordlöw
- Razvan Nitu
- Robert Aron
- Robert Schadek
- Roy Margalit
- Sebastian Wilzbach
- Stefan Koch
- Tobias Pankrath
- Tomoya Tanjo
- Vladimir Panteleev
- Walter Bright
- Witold Baryluk
- wolframw
- Ömer Faruk IRMAK


{%extends 'base.html'%} {% load bootstrap3 %}
{% block content %}Overview
Healthcare industry can benefit a lot from the solutions offered by modern technology. This site for multiple sclerosis patients that enables them to communicate with other users through a chat which serves as a knowledge resource.
Challenges Faced
Expensive.
Future Implementions
Easy Access To Patient Data.


Clicking Buttons Game
Leaderboards
Classic
Advanced
Crazy
Level 1 - 2X2 Board
Leaderboard
Level 4
Leaderboard
Level 7
Leaderboard
Level 2 - 3X3 Board
Leaderboard
Level 5
Leaderboard
Level 8
Leaderboard
Level 3 - 4X4 Board
Leaderboard
Level 6
Leaderboard
Level 9
Leaderboard
Main Menu
©All rights reserved to Ido Aizenbud 2015©


Reliability and robustness of etcd is our highest priority. As of December 8, 2016, etcd weighs in at 114,815 lines of Go code. This is only code that could be considered exclusive to etcd; vendored and auto-generated code doesn’t count. Over half the code base, 60,033 lines, is dedicated to tests and testing infrastructure. Since so much of etcd is dedicated to tests, there are many kinds of tests. The testing infrastructure for etcd includes unit tests, integration tests, migration tests, end-to-end tests, benchmarks, regression tests, soak tests, stress tests, and functional tests.
functional-tester verifies the correct behavior of etcd under various system and network malfunctions. It sets up an etcd cluster under high pressure loads and continuously injects failures into the cluster. Then it expects the etcd cluster to recover within a short amount of time. This has been extremely helpful[1] to find critical bugs, before anyone else; see a list of bugs that it has found at GitHub Issues.
The tester ensures that etcd operates as expected during failure and after recovery. So it continuously injects failures to etcd cluster while stressing them with heavy workloads. And then compares database hashes of each node to see if cluster keeps its data consistent. Some of the failures are:
Furthermore, it also performs crash tests, such as power loss, I/O error, partial writes, and so on. It is impractical to run these tests with real power failures. So etcd crash testing is simulated with gofail. etcd has tons of fail points in its code base, and tester triggers Go runtime panics in etcd. Some of the failures are:
etcd functional-tester runs 24/7; cluster gets about 8,000 failure injections per day, 1 failure injection for every 10-second. In 2016, etcd went through more than 1.7 million failure injects.
Please visit dash.etcd.io for realtime testing cluster dashboards.
| Testing Cluster | 5-node | 5-node failpoints |
|---|---|---|
| Total Injects | {{status5Node.TotalCase}} | {{status5NodeFailpoints.TotalCase}} |
| Current Injects | {{status5Node.CurrentCase}} | {{status5NodeFailpoints.CurrentCase}} |
| Current Failed Case | {{status5Node.CurrentFailed}} | {{status5NodeFailpoints.CurrentFailed}} |


The Why
Needed a script for a client to log off same username that was just logged in, off any other computers on a domain. Client didn’t want to use rdp licenses to save money cause was only a few people using many computers.
After long searching and reading new documentation, seems prior to Windows 10, you couldn’t do it properly. Also prior to Windows 10 v1809 you would have to install RSAT to get the current command to even work, which is annoying because there is no reason this should be built into Windows by default and the script should be a simple group policy, not requiring powershell script with Windows 10 to get it working.
Thankfully, as long as you are running Windows 10 v1809 or higher, this command will work out of the box if including via group policy to start once logged in.
Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows 10
All you have to do is download and install RSAT (Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows 10). The installation enables all tools by default, and you also don’t have to import the module. You can use the AD module right away after you install RSAT.
Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2016
As on Windows Server 2008 R2, the AD module is already installed on domain controllers on Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2012 R2, and Windows Server 2016. On member servers, you can add the module as a feature in Server Manager.
- Start Server Manager.
- Click Manage > Add Roles and Features.
- Click Next until you reach Features.
- Enable Active Directory module for Windows PowerShell in Remote Server Administration Tools > Role Administration Tools > AD DS and AD LDS Tools.
Alternatively, you can install the module from a PowerShell console:
Add-WindowsFeature RSAT-AD-PowerShell
There’s no need to import the Server Manager module first, as on Windows Server 2008 R2. You also don’t have to import the AD module after the installation.
The Script
Well without further ado, here is the powershell script I came up with:
<# Copyright 2019 Jeremy Zimmerman (stopspazzing.com) - MIT License: https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT #>
import-module activedirectory
$notcomputer = $env:COMPUTERNAME
$cmd = {
param($a)
$session = ((& quser /server:$a | ? { $_ -match $env:username }) -split ' +')[2]
logoff $session /server:$a
}
$computers = (Get-ADComputer -Filter *).Name
ForEach ($computer in $computers)
{
if ($computer -ne $notcomputer)
{
Start-Job -ScriptBlock $cmd -ArgumentList $computer
}
}
Start-Sleep -Seconds 30
Get-Job | Stop-Job
Get-Job | Remove-Job
Let me breakdown the script for easier understanding.
The Breakdown
import-module activedirectory
The first line imports the needed module activedirectory; This line isn’t necessarily needed but we added it to cover all bases.
$notcomputer = $env:COMPUTERNAME
This sets the current computer the user is logging into as a variable to be used later.
$cmd = {
param($a)
$session = ((& quser /server:$a | ? { $_ -match $env:username }) -split ' +')[2]
logoff $session /server:$a
}
We prep the code that will run as a command when logging into another computer. The current user that just logged in is saved and then sends the log off command to the other computers in the active directory.
$computers = (Get-ADComputer -Filter *).Name
ForEach ($computer in $computers)
{
if ($computer -ne $notcomputer)
{
Start-Job -ScriptBlock $cmd -ArgumentList $computer
}
}
First variable gets all the computers connected to the domain. Then we run a command that queries all computers and checks our previously set current computer that the user is logging into, excluding it from the Start-Job command which queues up the command we set earlier.
Start-Sleep -Seconds 30
Get-Job | Stop-Job
Get-Job | Remove-Job
Finally, we found that slow computers need some time to process the command to log off, so we set a cool-down timer of 30 seconds to get all jobs then stop and remove them, otherwise they will run for about 5 minutes before timing out. Rather clean up any jobs that failed or aren’t valid for whatever reason.
I’m including a download link to make everyone’s life easier.
| Download Zip | Download Powershell |
The final thing that needs to be done is add this as a logon script. This should be a self explainitory GPO policy for users.


Studio sound engineer Audio engineer, recording engineer
Sound engineers work in studios and make recordings of music, speech and sound effects.
1. How to become a studio sound engineer
There are 2 main routes into studio sound engineering:
- learn on the job
- take a music technology course
Work
You’ll need a good knowledge of music and recording technology. You may also find it useful to understand physics and electronics.
You could start as a runner or an assistant in a recording studio, learning basic tasks and making contacts.
Another way into the role is to work on community music events, DJ projects, hospital or community radio, or mixing and recording music in a home studio.
This is a job where getting experience and making contacts are very important to help you to find work.
College
You could take a music technology course like a Level 3 Diploma in Music Technology.
To do a level 3 course like this you’ll usually need 4 GCSEs at grades 9 to 4 (A* to C), including English.
Search for music technology courses in your area.
You may be able to get financial help to do a course.
University
You could do a degree in sound engineering,
You’ll usually need 2 or 3 A levels, or equivalent level 3 qualifications.
You may be able to get financial help to do a degree
Find out more
Joint Audio Media Education Support (JAMES) has more information about becoming a studio sound engineer.
2. Skills
You’ll need:
- good hearing, for distinguishing sound quality
- a good sense of pitch, timing and rhythm
- a knowledge of electronics and acoustics
- practical skills
- patience
- the ability to cope with long hours and tight deadlines
3. What you'll do
You’ll use electronic equipment to record sound for many different uses, like:
- commercial music recordings
- radio, TV, film and commercials
- corporate videos
- websites
- computer games and other types of interactive media
Your day-to-day duties might involve:
- planning recording sessions with producers and artists
- setting up microphones and equipment in the studio
- making sure the volume and recording levels are set correctly
- operating recording equipment and adding effects
- recording each instrument or item onto a separate track
- mixing tracks to produce a final ‘master’ track
- logging recordings and other details of the session in the studio archive
4. Salary
Starter: £15,000
Experienced: £20,000 to £30,000
Highly Experienced: Up to £40,000
Freelance earnings can vary, depending on your reputation and what you can negotiate.
These figures are a guide.
5. Working hours, patterns and environment
You’ll mainly work in recording studios.
You’ll need to be flexible about working hours, which can be long and irregular. You may need to work in the evening, at night or at the weekend, depending on when artists and producers are available.
6. Career path and progression
With experience, you could specialise in a particular technical skill, become a music producer, studio manager, or start your own recording studio.
Related careers
You may be interested in:
7. Current opportunities
Apprenticeships In England
Apprentice Nursery Assistant
- Weekly wage: £140
- Weekly hours: 40
- Location: Brentwood
IT Apprentice
- Weekly wage: £150.00
- Weekly hours: 37.50
- Location: Coventry
Training courses In England
Sound Engineering & Studio Production 1
- Provider: Morley College
- Start date: 25 April 2017
- Location: Not available
Sound Engineering & Studio Production 3
- Provider: Morley College
- Start date: 25 April 2017
- Location:Merton
Last updated: 23 March 2016