Don't miss this years fantastic celebration!
Apply now
If you have any questions contact: banquet.arkad@tlth.se


--- title: Devices keywords: fastai sidebar: home_sidebar summary: "FPGA Devices as dictionaries of logic types keyed by grid location. Currently only DE10 Nano Cyclone V support." description: "FPGA Devices as dictionaries of logic types keyed by grid location. Currently only DE10 Nano Cyclone V support." nb_path: "00_Devices.ipynb" ---
DE10=DE10Class()
DE10
The DE10Nano
is indexed by x,y
coordinates on the FPGA grid, and returns the type of logic block at that location as follows:
DE10(10,10)
Each x,y
coordinate has a third dimension n
which returns e.g a LABCELL
or FF
for combinational logic and flipflops, respectively, and can be called as:
DE10(10,10,0)
The different types of logic are stored as attributes of x-locations:
DE10.MLAB
DE10.M10K
DE10.DSP
Finally, locations can be easily assigned with the SLA
method, which accepts 3 coordinates and an optional third argument giving the name of the assigned logic, like so:
DE10.SLA(1,1,1)
DE10.SLA(1,1,1,'mylogic')
Support is required for other chips. If you can, please contribute with a similar class structure to make this library more user friendly!


As of 1.1, depth is computed by node hierarchy. With the introduction of node visitors and filters
this method can give misleading results. For example, consider serializing a tree with a filter using
a visitor: this method would return the unfiltered depth of a node, whereas the correct depth would
be calculated by the visitor.


---
layout: post
title: "Education"
date: 2017-09-04 15:07:19
categories: [education]
link: education
comments: false
icon: fa-graduation-cap
tldr: Free time? What's that? (continued)
---
University of Wisconsin–Madison
Ph.D. Computer Science
August 2021 - Present
Carnegie Mellon University
M.S. Machine Learning
August 2019 - May 2021
-
MSML Student Committee Leader
-
MSML Admissions Committee Member
University of California, San Diego
B.S. Computer Science
Mathematics minor
CSE Honors Program
September 2015 - March 2019
Magna Cum Laude
CSE Highest Distinction
Fresno City College
Computer Science
Leon S. Peters Honors Program
August 2013 - May 2015
-
Tutor for CIT 65 (Android Application Development)
-
Mathematics Tutor
-
Computer Science Tutor
-
President/Founder, Google Developer Group Fresno City College
-
Treasurer, Science and Engineering Club


ALTER ROLE name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
where option can be:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| INHERIT | NOINHERIT
| LOGIN | NOLOGIN
| CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
| [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
ALTER ROLE name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER ROLE name [ IN DATABASE database_name ] SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
ALTER ROLE name [ IN DATABASE database_name ] SET configuration_parameter FROM CURRENT
ALTER ROLE name [ IN DATABASE database_name ] RESET configuration_parameter
ALTER ROLE name [ IN DATABASE database_name ] RESET ALL
ALTER ROLE changes the attributes of a PostgreSQL role.
The first variant of this command listed in the synopsis can change many of the role attributes that can be specified in CREATE ROLE. (All the possible attributes are covered, except that there are no options for adding or removing memberships; use GRANT and REVOKE for that.) Attributes not mentioned in the command retain their previous settings. Database superusers can change any of these settings for any role. Roles having CREATEROLE privilege can change any of these settings, but only for non-superuser roles. Ordinary roles can only change their own password.
The second variant changes the name of the role. Database superusers can rename any role. Roles having CREATEROLE privilege can rename non-superuser roles. The current session user cannot be renamed. (Connect as a different user if you need to do that.) Because MD5-encrypted passwords use the role name as cryptographic salt, renaming a role clears its password if the password is MD5-encrypted.
The remaining variants change a role's session default for a configuration variable, either for all databases or, when the IN DATABASE clause is specified, only for sessions in the named database. Whenever the role subsequently starts a new session, the specified value becomes the session default, overriding whatever setting is present in postgresql.conf or has been received from the postgres command line. This only happens at login time; executing SET ROLE or SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION does not cause new configuration values to be set. Settings set for all databases are overridden by database-specific settings attached to a role. Superusers can change anyone's session defaults. Roles having CREATEROLE privilege can change defaults for non-superuser roles. Ordinary roles can only set defaults for themselves. Certain configuration variables cannot be set this way, or can only be set if a superuser issues the command.
The name of the role whose attributes are to be altered.
These clauses alter attributes originally set by CREATE ROLE. For more information, see the CREATE ROLE reference page.
The new name of the role.
The name of the database the configuration variable should be set in.
Set this role's session default for the specified configuration parameter to the given value. If value is DEFAULT or, equivalently, RESET is used, the role-specific variable setting is removed, so the role will inherit the system-wide default setting in new sessions. Use RESET ALL to clear all role-specific settings. SET FROM CURRENT saves the session's current value of the parameter as the role-specific value. If IN DATABASE is specified, the configuration parameter is set or removed for the given role and database only.
Role-specific variable settings take effect only at login; SET ROLE and SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION do not process role-specific variable settings.
See SET and Chapter 18 for more information about allowed parameter names and values.
Use CREATE ROLE to add new roles, and DROP ROLE to remove a role.
ALTER ROLE cannot change a role's memberships. Use GRANT and REVOKE to do that.
Caution must be exercised when specifying an unencrypted password with this command. The password will be transmitted to the server in cleartext, and it might also be logged in the client's command history or the server log. psql contains a command \password that can be used to change a role's password without exposing the cleartext password.
It is also possible to tie a session default to a specific database rather than to a role; see ALTER DATABASE. If there is a conflict, database-role-specific settings override role-specific ones, which in turn override database-specific ones.
Change a role's password:
ALTER ROLE davide WITH PASSWORD 'hu8jmn3';
Remove a role's password:
ALTER ROLE davide WITH PASSWORD NULL;
Change a password expiration date, specifying that the password should expire at midday on 4th May 2015 using the time zone which is one hour ahead of UTC:
ALTER ROLE chris VALID UNTIL 'May 4 12:00:00 2015 +1';
Make a password valid forever:
ALTER ROLE fred VALID UNTIL 'infinity';
Give a role the ability to create other roles and new databases:
ALTER ROLE miriam CREATEROLE CREATEDB;
Give a role a non-default setting of the maintenance_work_mem parameter:
ALTER ROLE worker_bee SET maintenance_work_mem = 100000;
Give a role a non-default, database-specific setting of the client_min_messages parameter:
ALTER ROLE fred IN DATABASE devel SET client_min_messages = DEBUG;


bengsig − The RWP*Load Simulator primary developer Bjørn Kisbye Engsig.·.
Bjørn Kisbye Engsig was born in 1958, graduated as an engineer in 1983 and has been working with the Oracle database since 1985. In a total of more than twenty-five years, he has been an employee of Oracle Corporation.
Measuring performance and scalability of OLTP workloads has always been a challenge between simplicity and reality. Mr. Engsig has been working with and developing several tools for simulating OLTP database load, and started working on the RWP*Load Simulator in 2017. Lots of experience from actual customer workloads and from other ways to investigate in particular OLTP performance has been a primary driving motivator for rwloadsim. The difficulty of using SQL*Plus for this purpose combined with the relatively large time required to use programming languages like Java or C have also been taken into account.
In 2020, it was decided to make rwloadsim publicly available as an addition to Oracle’s already large set of open source initiatives.
It is the hope that rwloadsim will find its use in many areas of simulation and measuring of database performance. Additionally, it can also prove very useful in the more general area of "scripting" as it fills out the apparent void between standard UNIX tools such as the shell, awk, SQL*Plus, and Oracle Call Interface.
If you know my email, feel free to contact me. You many also be able to use Google to search for me. Otherwise, please use the issues area for rwloadsim on github.
Copyright
© 2021 Oracle Corporation
Licensed under the Universal Permissive License v 1.0 as
shown at https://oss.oracle.com/licenses/upl


Save and organize your bookmarks to pull up anywhere, anytime, and on any device.
Keep track of the best sites you have found while doing research, browsing, or just exploring the web. Mark these lists as Public so anyone can find your list! No more using a search engine and clicking link by link.
Rather not have anyone see what you are bookmarking? No problem, Cometlist will keep any unshared lists invisible and private to your account.


To start with, we will just be using a text editor to write web pages and view them locally on your own computer. Every Windows computer has an editor called "NotePad", which you should be able to find from the Start menu.


Elektra
0.9.4
src
libs
libs Directory Reference
Directory dependency graph for libs:
Directories
directory
tools
Generated by
1.8.13


Source code for vit_flax.layers
from flax import nn
[docs]class FeedForward(nn.Module):
"""Simple FeedForward module: x -> Dense(x, latent_dim) -> GeLU -> Dense(x, original_dim)"""
[docs] def apply(self, x, latent_dim):
"""Applies two linear transformations with Gelu to input
:param x: Input tensor.
:param latent_dim: FC latent dim.
"""
dim = x.shape[-1]
x = nn.Dense(x, latent_dim)
x = nn.gelu(x)
x = nn.Dense(x, dim)
return x
[docs]class Residual(nn.Module):
"""Simple residual function: x -> fn(x) + x"""
[docs] def apply(self, x, residual_fn):
"""Applies residual(skip) connection to a residual_fn block
:param x: Input tensor.
:param residual_fn: Callable function that takes in tensor as input.
"""
return residual_fn(x) + x
[docs]class PreNorm(nn.Module):
"""A function applied to normalized input"""
[docs] def apply(self, x, norm, fn):
"""Applies a function to normalized input
:param x: Input tensor.
:param norm: Normalization module
:param fn: Callable function that takes in tensor as input
:return: Output of function after normalizing input
"""
return fn(norm(x))
[docs]class Transformer(nn.Module):
"""A simple implementation of a Transformer"""
[docs] def apply(self, x, depth, num_heads, feed_forward_dim_1):
"""Applies a residual normalized attention(Transformer) to input
:param x: Input tensor.
:param depth: Number of layers of Residual-normalized attention layers.
:param num_heads: Number of attention heads
:param feed_forward_dim: FC dimension
:return: Transformer output embedding
"""
attention = nn.SelfAttention.partial(num_heads=num_heads)
norm = nn.LayerNorm
norm_attention = PreNorm.partial(norm=norm, fn=attention)
residual_attention = Residual.partial(residual_fn=norm_attention)
forward = FeedForward.partial(latent_dim=feed_forward_dim_1)
norm_forward = PreNorm.partial(norm=norm, fn=forward)
residual_forward = Residual.partial(residual_fn=norm_forward)
for _ in range(depth):
x = residual_forward(residual_attention(x))
return x


SEDs¶
-
class
astrolyze.sed.sed.
Sed
(source_name, coordinate, flux_array, number_components=2, init_fit=True, temperature_guess=None, mass_guess=None, beta_guess=None)[source] This class handles a single SED. Basically it is able to fit, and plot the sed.
Parameters: - source_name (string) – The name of the source to which the SED corresponds to.
- coordinate (list) – The coordinate of the source. [RA, DEC]
- flux_array (list) – The array that is created by SedStack with the entries of wavelength, flux, and error.
- init_fit (logic) – Controls whether the SED is fitted already during creation.
- number_components (int) – The number of greybody components to be fitted. Default: 2.
- temperature_guess (list) – List with the intial guesses for the temperature
- mass_guess (list) – List with the intial guesses for the masses
- beta_guess (list) – List with the intial guesses of the beta value
-
create_figure
(save=True, plotLegend=False, color=['black'], marker=['x'], title=None, x_label=None, y_label=None, nu_or_lambda='nu', fontdict=None, textStringLoc=[1, 1], lineWidth=0.5, kappa='easy', x_range='normal', prefix='./', **kwargs)[source] Creates a quick preview of the loaded SED. TODO: extend documentation.
-
grey_body_fit
()[source] ” Fitting a multi componenet grey body to the input data in flux_array.
See also
()
- py:func:astrolyze.functions.astro_functions.grey_body_fit
-
plot_sed
(axes=<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot object>, nu_or_lambda='nu', color='black', linewidth=0.5, x_range='normal')[source] Plot a multi component greybody model.
Parameters: - nu_or_lambda – plot against frequency
'nu'
or wavelenght'lambda'
- kappa – The kappa to use.
'easy'
or'Kruegel'
. Please refer tofunctions.astroFunctions.greyBody()
for more information. - xRange (PLEASE ADD DESCRIPTION) –
- linewidth (float) – The linewidth of the plotted lines. Default to 0.5.
- color (matplotlib conform color) – the color of the plotted lines. Default to
'black'
.
- nu_or_lambda – plot against frequency
-
class
astrolyze.sed.sed.
SedStack
(folder, data_format='.fits', coordinates=False, flux_acquisition='pixel', aperture=None, annotation=False, full_map=False, output_folder=None, number_components=2, mass_guess=None, temperature_guess=None, beta_guess=None)[source] Reads in the SEDs from the maps stored under the input folder at given coordinates and creates a stack of Sed objects.
Parameters: - folder (str) – Input Folder
- data_format (str) – Filter on data format. Default .fits
- coordinates (list) – Coordinates where the SEDs should be extracted.
- full_map (bool) – If True temperature, mass and beta maps will be created by fitting the SEDs at every pixel.
- flux_acquisition (str) – aperture or pixel see explanation in
astrolyze.fits.FitsMap.flux_read
- aperture (int) – Aperture to use for flux extraction if flux_acquisition == aperture
- annotation (bool) – If true a kvis annotation file is created with the positions where the SEDs, have been extracted.
- output_folder (str) – Where the data is stored.
- number_components (int) – Number of SED components to fit.
- mass_guess (list) – List with guesses for the initial dust mass. Has to have at least the same lenght as there are number_components
- temperature_guess (list) – List with guesses for the initial dust temperature. Has to have at least the same lenght as there are number_components
- beta_guess (list) – List with a guess for the beta value to be used has to be list with singel entry beta_guess=[2.].
-
get_map_seds
(output_folder)[source] This functions fits the SED at every pixel of the input maps.
Parameters: output_folder (string) – The path to the folder where the temperature, mass, beta and chisq maps are created. If the folder does not exist is will be created. Notes
Depending on the number of pixels in the input image this function may take a good while to finish.
Examples
Note that the maps have to be exactly the same size for this function to work. This can be achieved with e.g.:
from astrolyze import * stack = Stack('some_input_folder') output_folder = 'some_output_folder' template = 'Path_to_a _template_map' stack = stack.unify_dimension(template, folder)
-
get_seds
()[source] Creates a stack of SEDs from the stack of maps loaded from the input folder if particular coordinates are given.
-
load_coordinates
(input_file)[source] Loads the coordinated where the SEDs should be evaluated from either a file or a list. Both are not possible.
Parameters: filein (string) – Path to file that cotains the coordinates format has to be:
source_name RA DEC
RA, DEC has to be for epoch J2000 in Equatorial coordinates, see below for examples of the syntax.
Returns: - self.coordinates (list)
- self.source_names (list) – Format:: [[source_name_1, RA_1, DEC_1] , ... , [source_name_N, RA_N, DEC_N]]
Examples
The format of the coordinates given in the file must be in Equatorial: >>> equatorial_coordinates = [‘02:23:21’, ‘-02:23:21’]


Investment Managers
Overview
Installation
Headstart Applications
Analyst Tools
Uploading Data
Database Updates and Administration
Getting Started
Next Steps
Core Classes
Supplemental Core Classes
Special Issues
Language Tutorial
Document Cross Reference
FAQ Reference
Copyright © 1999 Innovative Systems Techniques, Inc.
Created January 28, 1999
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--- layout: page title: About header-img: "img/about-bg.png" ---
Full Stack Web Developer with background in electrical design, who switched to Software to pursue their dream - create, explore and make a difference.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% set active_page = "home" %} {% set page_title = "Home - A custom " ~ (config['coin_name'] | safe) ~ "coin mining pool with no registration" %} {% block body %}
Username: [Your wallet address].[Worker Name] Password: anything Simple example: ./sgminer -o stratum+tcp://{{ config['stratums'][0]['address'] }}:{{ config['stratums'][0]['ports'][0]['port'] }} -u {{ config['catchall_address'] }}.worker1 -p x -I 13
This setup allows you to monitor multiple rigs easily, without setting up a pool manager, and view actual data from each of your rigs, rather than approximations.
Graphs broken down by worker give you a good at-a-glance picture of what is going on.
{{ new['body']|safe }}


ROOTWORKZ SEPT 2020 - OCT 2020
Curated technical content for the organization as the technical content writer. Created 200 question of data structure, operating system, computer architecture and organization.Prepared content for various types of algorithm which includs Brute force, Greedy and Dynamic programming, Backtracking etc.


Let this begin with a plain assumption – that many of the contributions here, including the one you now read, have essentially been conceived in quarantine or lockdown due to an ongoing pandemic. How evident or significant this backdrop is for engaging collaboration, especially in hindsight, is up to you to figure, as this text, still busy writing itself, knows little of its time- and associates-to-be. Then again, by the time you read this, which for you isnow, it will have to have begun its imminent collaborations with various kinds of others; collaborations producing further thought, interpretations, knowledge and areas in-between; and in particular, a collaboration between insights and contributions that together manifest this publication by Third Space.
– That said, where to now? How to navigate this?
– It doesn’t necessarily have to continue as text, but it most likely
will.
– OK. Thankfully there’s now time to contemplate on the notion ofcollaboration.
Being still in the process of gathering thoughts for this contribution, I conveniently came across a friend’s post on social media that felt to be worth a more permanent share:
Though it’s currently needed, it’s fairly interesting and paradoxical that people arecollaborating by staying secluded, by means of social distancing. Something is telling me that society’s inherent individualism should have us well prepared for this. And even if not, it’s an opportune moment for a fresh look into the state of affairs so far between individuality and collectivity. Means of communication are central – already Debord said that the spectacle brings people together in their separation. / March 26
Indeed, there’s much to contemplate. Questions like – what constitutes a collaboration? how indeed does collaboration relate to individualism; or to authorship; or to hierarchies? Is its spread as a method related to new means provided by technology?; or to issues generated by changing working conditions, precarity and institutionalisation? – can be asked here, and can also in some articulate or cunning way be answered; but not now, and not here. That’s a lot to aimlessly tackle, without much focus, in this short form. Still, to an extent, neoliberal individualism has definitely been a catalyst for collaboration becoming an essential method in cultural practice in general, especially in this current century. But is this being-in-a-similar-situation-together-and-trying-to-figure-a-way-out, where we all seem to currently be, really a form of collaboration?
– Maybe. I don’t know.
– But what about individuals-following-strict-orders-en-masse? Is this a
form of collaboration?
– No, I think not, it doesn’t sound like it should be. Please let’s
stop.
– One last thing. Did you know that the rise of collaborative artistic
methods have been connected to the emergence of conceptual art, as well
as bridging the shift from modernism to postmodernism. Collaboration can
thus inevitably be seen as passed inherently onto contemporary art; in
as much as contemporary art is understood as being essentially
post-conceptual and post-modern in its condition.
– Fair enough.
One thing is quite evident, especially in the context of post-truth humanities in particular – that collaboration can be perceived as a notion that is as open-ended as for example curation. Elaborate meanings and connotations can be ascribed to almost anything, and this practice seems to flourish especially well in regards to contemporary art and its open relationship to meaning and (the English) language. In this perspective, anything that goes beyond any singularity can in a way be seen as a form of collaboration, if wanted. This might sound a bit disconcerting, and it is, but it needn’t be, if wanted. It is of course critically necessary to question, to phrase and to understand what one does. Nevertheless, on the other hand, one must also consider as to what extent this phrasing and questioning is indeed a means to an end; and not theend in itself.
– Remember, it’s only a collaboration if all sides agree it’s a
collaboration, and that specific frame of collaboration is
understood in roughly a similar manner.
– OK. Sounds like it has to be consensual.
While initially not reflecting too much on my own general practice and just proceeding project by project, I am now, in hindsight, more aware that most of what I’ve done so far has been based on collaborations in various ways – from more elaborate forms of collective practice to just plain pragmatic methods of working together; each effort and method being somewhat specific to its context and content, and correspondingly elaborated. As an example Dead End – a project together with the artist Mihkel Ilus in 2016 – was formulated as a collaborative exhibition by two authors, mainly to avoid the project being perceived as an artist’s solo in the usual working-with-a-curator format. But perhaps the oddest and most over-elaborate personal collaboration (where all sides did definitely not perceive it in a similar manner) was a non-periodical art-project/magazine New Material, published in 2014, that in addition to its concrete-box-contents also included a so-called spatial chapter. This was an exhibition-like environment that was phrased as a collaborative group exhibition by Kristi Kongi, Dénes Farkas, Mihkel Ilus, Kristiina Hansen & Ånond Versto, Kris Lemsalu, Merike Estna, Laura Põld, Jass Kaselaan & Edith Karlson and Linda; all quite established artists except for Linda, who was an industrial shredder. Due to a general shortage of studio and storage spaces as well as other material and less-material issues concerning the after-life of artworks, the artists agreed to give their excess works to be shredded in collaboration with Linda, and mixed together in order to form a sort of a new material.
– In-dividual seems to imply that it is something that can’t be divided
into parts.
– OK. That’s enough.


| ${value} Energy Cost | 20 |
| Launches ${value} Projectile(s) | 1 |
| ${value}% Chance to Avoid Projectiles | 10 20 29 38 46 54 61 68 74 80 |
| ${value}% Chance to Dodge Attacks | 10 20 29 38 46 54 61 68 74 80 |
| +${value}% Movement Speed | 444 |
| MaxLevel | 6 |
| UltimateLevel | 10 |
| ${chance}% Chance for all of the following: | [5.0, 8.0, 11.0, 14.0, 17.0, 20.0, 23.0, 26.0, 29.0, 32.0]% Chance for all of the following:
 min: 1.0 second(s) of Freeze
 min: 20.0 Lightning Damage
 +200.0% Total Damage
 |


{% extends 'layout.html' %} {% block pageTitle %} NHS.UK prototype kit {% endblock %} {% block beforeContent %} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
We will not use this information to identify you.
We need this information to help us understand how coronavirus is affecting different age groups.


Check mnemonic valid
Create new account
easy: 12, middle: 16，hard: 24
EccFIPS
Local account balance or target address
Local account balance detail or target address detail
Endorse
Generate transaction
Post transaction
Pre-execution transaction with utxos
Query transaction id
Revert account with mnemonic
Generated using TypeDoc
Check address valid


Container Networking Tutorial with Contiv + Kubernetes
- Prerequisites
- Setup
- Chapter 1 - Introduction to Container Networking
- Chapter 2 - Multi-host networking
- Chapter 3 - Using multiple tenants with arbitrary IPs in the networks
- Chapter 4 - Connecting pods to external networks
- Cleanup
This tutorial walks through container networking concepts step by step in the Kubernetes environment. We will explore Contiv's networking features along with policies in the next tutorial.
Prerequisites
Note: If you are using a platform other than Mac, please install docker-engine for that platform.
Make virtualbox the default provider for vagrant.
export VAGRANT_DEFAULT_PROVIDER=virtualbox
The steps below download a CentOS vagrant box. If you have a CentOS box available already, or you have access to the box file, add it to a list of box images with the specific name centos/7, as follows:
vagrant box add --name centos/7 CentOS-7-x86_64-Vagrant-1703_01.VirtualBox.box
Setup
Step 1: Get Contiv installer code from Github.
$ git clone https://github.com/contiv/install.git
$ cd install
Step 2: Install Contiv + Kubernetes using Vagrant on the VMs created on VirtualBox
Note: Please make sure that you are NOT connected to VPN here.
$ make demo-kubeadm
$ cd cluster
Note: Please do not try to work in both the Legacy Swarm and Kubernetes environments at the same time. This will not work.
This will create two VMs on VirtualBox. It installs Kubernetes using kubeadm and all the required services and software for Contiv. This might take some time (usually approx 15-20 mins) depending upon your internet connection. This will also create a default network for you.
-- OR --
Step 2a: Create a Vagrant VM cluster
$ make cluster-kubeadm
This will create two VMs on VirtualBox.
Step 2b: Download the Contiv release bundle on the master node
Note that this step is different from the Legacy Swarm tutorial. This installation is run on the master node itself and not from a different installer host.
$ cd cluster
$ vagrant ssh kubeadm-master
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ curl -L -O https://github.com/contiv/install/releases/download/1.1.1/contiv-1.1.1.tgz
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ tar xf contiv-1.1.1.tgz
Step 2c: Install Contiv
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ cd contiv-1.1.1/
[vagrant@kubeadm-master contiv-1.1.1]$ ifconfig eth1
eth1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet <IP_ADDRESS> netmask <IP_ADDRESS> broadcast <IP_ADDRESS>
inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:feab:beb0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 08:00:27:ab:be:b0 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 472 bytes 65083 (63.5 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 495 bytes 246162 (240.3 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
You will use the eth1 address as the Contiv netmaster control plane IP.
[vagrant@kubeadm-master contiv-1.1.1]$ sudo ./install/k8s/install.sh -n <IP_ADDRESS>
Make note of the final outcome of this process. This lists the URL for the UI.
Installation is complete
=========================================================
Contiv UI is available at https://<IP_ADDRESS>:10000
Please use the first run wizard or configure the setup as follows:
Configure forwarding mode (optional, default is bridge).
netctl global set --fwd-mode routing
Configure ACI mode (optional)
netctl global set --fabric-mode aci --vlan-range <start>-<end>
Create a default network
netctl net create -t default --subnet=<CIDR> default-net
For example, netctl net create -t default --subnet=<IP_ADDRESS>/24 -g <IP_ADDRESS> default-net
=========================================================
Let's follow the above instructions to create a default network for us.
[vagrant@kubeadm-master contiv-1.1.1]$ cd ..
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ netctl net create -t default --subnet=<IP_ADDRESS>/24 -g <IP_ADDRESS> default-net
Creating network default:default-net
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ exit
logout
Connection to <IP_ADDRESS> closed.
Step 3: Check vagrant VM nodes.
Note: On Windows, you will need a ssh client to be installed like putty, cygwin etc.
This command will show you list of VMs which we have created. Make sure you are in the cluster folder.
$ vagrant status
Current machine states:
...
kubeadm-master running (virtualbox)
kubeadm-worker0 running (virtualbox)
This environment represents multiple VMs. The VMs are all listed
above with their current state. For more information about a specific
VM, run `vagrant status NAME`.
The above command shows the node information, version, etc.
Step 4: Hello world Kubernetes.
As a part of this Contiv installation, we install Kubernetes for you. To verify the Kubernetes cluster, please execute the following commands on the Vagrant VMs.
$ vagrant ssh kubeadm-master
Now you will be logged into the Kubernetes master Vagrant VM.
kubectl
is the command line client to connect to Kubernetes API server.
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ kubectl version
Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"7", GitVersion:"v1.7.1", GitCommit:"1dc5c66f5dd61da08412a74221ecc79208c2165b", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2017-07-14T02:00:46Z", GoVersion:"go1.8.3", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
Server Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"6", GitVersion:"v1.6.5", GitCommit:"490c6f13df1cb6612e0993c4c14f2ff90f8cdbf3", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2017-06-14T20:03:38Z", GoVersion:"go1.7.6", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ kubectl get nodes -o wide
NAME STATUS AGE VERSION EXTERNAL-IP OS-IMAGE KERNEL-VERSION
kubeadm-master Ready 22m v1.7.1 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 3.10.0-514.16.1.el7.x86_64
kubeadm-worker0 Ready 20m v1.7.1 <none> CentOS Linux 7 (Core) 3.10.0-514.16.1.el7.x86_64
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ kubectl describe nodes
Name: kubeadm-master
Role:
Labels: beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64
beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux
kubernetes.io/hostname=kubeadm-master
node-role.kubernetes.io/master=
Annotations: node.alpha.kubernetes.io/ttl=0
volumes.kubernetes.io/controller-managed-attach-detach=true
Taints: node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule
CreationTimestamp: Mon, 24 Jul 2017 21:28:20 +0000
Conditions:
Type Status LastHeartbeatTime LastTransitionTime Reason Message
---- ------ ----------------- ------------------ ------ -------
OutOfDisk False Mon, 24 Jul 2017 21:51:12 +0000 Mon, 24 Jul 2017 21:28:20 +0000 KubeletHasSufficientDisk kubelet has sufficient disk space available
MemoryPressure False Mon, 24 Jul 2017 21:51:12 +0000 Mon, 24 Jul 2017 21:28:20 +0000 KubeletHasSufficientMemory kubelet has sufficient memory available
DiskPressure False Mon, 24 Jul 2017 21:51:12 +0000 Mon, 24 Jul 2017 21:28:20 +0000 KubeletHasNoDiskPressure kubelet has no disk pressure
Ready True Mon, 24 Jul 2017 21:51:12 +0000 Mon, 24 Jul 2017 21:34:21 +0000 KubeletReady kubelet is posting ready status
Addresses:
InternalIP: <IP_ADDRESS>
Hostname: kubeadm-master
Capacity:
cpu: 1
memory: 1883804Ki
pods: 110
Allocatable:
cpu: 1
memory: 1781404Ki
pods: 110
System Info:
Machine ID: fb27615218794eb2948ad091360318ef
System UUID: FB276152-1879-4EB2-948A-D091360318EF
Boot ID: 74136fe6-ad78-4834-8cd5-971117b27a21
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-514.16.1.el7.x86_64
OS Image: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
Operating System: linux
Architecture: amd64
Container Runtime Version: docker://1.12.6
Kubelet Version: v1.7.1
Kube-Proxy Version: v1.7.1
ExternalID: kubeadm-master
Non-terminated Pods: (8 in total)
Namespace Name CPU Requests CPU Limits Memory Requests Memory Limits
--------- ---- ------------ ---------- --------------- -------------
kube-system contiv-etcd-830bh 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
kube-system contiv-netmaster-nr29m 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
kube-system contiv-netplugin-w44nr 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
kube-system etcd-kubeadm-master 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
kube-system kube-apiserver-kubeadm-master 250m (25%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
kube-system kube-controller-manager-kubeadm-master 200m (20%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
kube-system kube-proxy-kq3nb 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
kube-system kube-scheduler-kubeadm-master 100m (10%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Allocated resources:
(Total limits may be over 100 percent, i.e., overcommitted.)
CPU Requests CPU Limits Memory Requests Memory Limits
------------ ---------- --------------- -------------
550m (55%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Events:
FirstSeen LastSeen Count From SubObjectPath Type Reason Message
--------- -------- ----- ---- ------------- -------- ------ -------
23m 23m 1 kubelet, kubeadm-master Normal Starting Starting kubelet.
23m 23m 1 kubelet, kubeadm-master Normal NodeAllocatableEnforced Updated Node Allocatable limit across pods
23m 23m 31 kubelet, kubeadm-master Normal NodeHasSufficientDisk Node kubeadm-master status is now: NodeHasSufficientDisk
23m 23m 31 kubelet, kubeadm-master Normal NodeHasSufficientMemory Node kubeadm-master status is now: NodeHasSufficientMemory
23m 23m 31 kubelet, kubeadm-master Normal NodeHasNoDiskPressure Node kubeadm-master status is now: NodeHasNoDiskPressure
22m 22m 1 kube-proxy, kubeadm-master Normal Starting Starting kube-proxy.
16m 16m 1 kubelet, kubeadm-master Normal NodeReady Node kubeadm-master status is now: NodeReady
Name: kubeadm-worker0
Role:
Labels: beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64
beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux
kubernetes.io/hostname=kubeadm-worker0
Annotations: node.alpha.kubernetes.io/ttl=0
volumes.kubernetes.io/controller-managed-attach-detach=true
Taints: <none>
CreationTimestamp: Mon, 24 Jul 2017 21:30:42 +0000
Conditions:
Type Status LastHeartbeatTime LastTransitionTime Reason Message
---- ------ ----------------- ------------------ ------ -------
OutOfDisk False Mon, 24 Jul 2017 21:51:13 +0000 Mon, 24 Jul 2017 21:30:41 +0000 KubeletHasSufficientDisk kubelet has sufficient disk space available
MemoryPressure False Mon, 24 Jul 2017 21:51:13 +0000 Mon, 24 Jul 2017 21:30:41 +0000 KubeletHasSufficientMemory kubelet has sufficient memory available
DiskPressure False Mon, 24 Jul 2017 21:51:13 +0000 Mon, 24 Jul 2017 21:30:41 +0000 KubeletHasNoDiskPressure kubelet has no disk pressure
Ready True Mon, 24 Jul 2017 21:51:13 +0000 Mon, 24 Jul 2017 21:34:12 +0000 KubeletReady kubelet is posting ready status
Addresses:
InternalIP: <IP_ADDRESS>
Hostname: kubeadm-worker0
Capacity:
cpu: 1
memory: 500396Ki
pods: 110
Allocatable:
cpu: 1
memory: 397996Ki
pods: 110
System Info:
Machine ID: 5be94368fb224d23a855991223e7d5e9
System UUID: 5BE94368-FB22-4D23-A855-991223E7D5E9
Boot ID: 69689afc-a3ed-43f5-b3ce-cd957dc2b522
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-514.16.1.el7.x86_64
OS Image: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
Operating System: linux
Architecture: amd64
Container Runtime Version: docker://1.12.6
Kubelet Version: v1.7.1
Kube-Proxy Version: v1.7.1
ExternalID: kubeadm-worker0
Non-terminated Pods: (3 in total)
Namespace Name CPU Requests CPU Limits Memory Requests Memory Limits
--------- ---- ------------ ---------- --------------- -------------
kube-system contiv-netplugin-zc1qj 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
kube-system kube-dns-2838158301-2dgwr 260m (26%) 0 (0%) 110Mi (28%) 170Mi (43%)
kube-system kube-proxy-g01zr 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Allocated resources:
(Total limits may be over 100 percent, i.e., overcommitted.)
CPU Requests CPU Limits Memory Requests Memory Limits
------------ ---------- --------------- -------------
260m (26%) 0 (0%) 110Mi (28%) 170Mi (43%)
Events:
FirstSeen LastSeen Count From SubObjectPath Type Reason Message
--------- -------- ----- ---- ------------- -------- ------ -------
20m 20m 1 kubelet, kubeadm-worker0 Normal Starting Starting kubelet.
20m 20m 2 kubelet, kubeadm-worker0 Normal NodeHasSufficientDisk Node kubeadm-worker0 status is now: NodeHasSufficientDisk
20m 20m 2 kubelet, kubeadm-worker0 Normal NodeHasSufficientMemory Node kubeadm-worker0 status is now: NodeHasSufficientMemory
20m 20m 2 kubelet, kubeadm-worker0 Normal NodeHasNoDiskPressure Node kubeadm-worker0 status is now: NodeHasNoDiskPressure
20m 20m 1 kubelet, kubeadm-worker0 Normal NodeAllocatableEnforced Updated Node Allocatable limit across pods
20m 20m 1 kube-proxy, kubeadm-worker0 Normal Starting Starting kube-proxy.
17m 17m 1 kubelet, kubeadm-worker0 Normal NodeReady Node kubeadm-worker0 status is now: NodeReady
You can see a two node Kubernetes cluster running the latest Kubernetes version.
The kubeadm-master node also has a taint Taints: node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule
that tells the Kubernetes scheduler to not schedule worker workloads on the master node causing all worker pods to be scheduled on kubeadm-worker0.
Step 5: Check contiv and related services.
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
contiv-etcd-830bh 1/1 Running 0 19m
contiv-netmaster-nr29m 2/2 Running 0 19m
contiv-netplugin-w44nr 1/1 Running 0 18m
contiv-netplugin-zc1qj 1/1 Running 0 18m
etcd-kubeadm-master 1/1 Running 0 24m
kube-apiserver-kubeadm-master 1/1 Running 0 23m
kube-controller-manager-kubeadm-master 1/1 Running 0 23m
kube-dns-2838158301-2dgwr 3/3 Running 0 24m
kube-proxy-g01zr 1/1 Running 0 22m
kube-proxy-kq3nb 1/1 Running 0 24m
kube-scheduler-kubeadm-master 1/1 Running 0 23m
You should see contiv-netmaster, contiv-netplugin, contiv-etcd and contiv-api-proxy nodes in Running
status. A small number of initial restarts are normal while all the pods startup, but you should not see an increasing number here.
netctl
is a utility to create, update, read and modify Contiv objects. It is a CLI wrapper on top of REST interface.
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ netctl version
Client Version:
Version: 1.1.1
GitCommit: 6657054
BuildTime: 07-20-2017.21-46-06.UTC
Server Version:
Version: 1.1.1
GitCommit: 6657054
BuildTime: 07-20-2017.21-46-06.UTC
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ netctl net ls -a
Tenant Network Nw Type Encap type Packet tag Subnet Gateway IPv6Subnet IPv6Gateway Cfgd Tag
------ ------- ------- ---------- ---------- ------- ------ ---------- ----------- ---------
default contivh1 infra vxlan 0 <IP_ADDRESS>/24 <IP_ADDRESS>
default default-net data vxlan 0 <IP_ADDRESS>/24 <IP_ADDRESS>
You can see that netctl
is able to communicate with the Contiv API & policy server, netmaster. You can also see that the default-net
network has been created.
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ ifconfig docker0
docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet <IP_ADDRESS> netmask <IP_ADDRESS> broadcast <IP_ADDRESS>
ether 02:42:3b:23:24:0e txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ ifconfig eth0
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet <IP_ADDRESS> netmask <IP_ADDRESS> broadcast <IP_ADDRESS>
inet6 fe80::5054:ff:feba:512b prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 52:54:00:ba:51:2b txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 252200 bytes 347597635 (331.4 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 58977 bytes 3425158 (3.2 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ ifconfig eth1
eth1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet <IP_ADDRESS> netmask <IP_ADDRESS> broadcast <IP_ADDRESS>
inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:feab:beb0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 08:00:27:ab:be:b0 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 105278 bytes 17338406 (16.5 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 98561 bytes 25160323 (23.9 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ ifconfig eth2
eth2: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 08:00:27:2c:a1:15 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 70 bytes 23940 (23.3 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 214 bytes 37284 (36.4 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
In the above output, you'll see the following interfaces:
- docker0
interface corresponds to the linux bridge and its associated
subnet <IP_ADDRESS>/16
. This is created by the docker daemon automatically, and
is the default network containers would belong to when an override network
is not specified.
- eth0
in this VM is the management interface, on which we ssh into the VM
- eth1
in this VM is the interface that connects to an external network (if needed)
- eth2
in this VM is the interface that carries vxlan and control (e.g. etcd) traffic
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ ifconfig contivh0
contivh0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet <IP_ADDRESS> netmask <IP_ADDRESS> broadcast <IP_ADDRESS>
inet6 fe80::2:acff:fe13:fffe prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 02:02:ac:13:ff:fe txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 1202 bytes 70169 (68.5 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 1420 bytes 685603 (669.5 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ ip route
...
<IP_ADDRESS>/16 dev contivh0 proto kernel scope link src <IP_ADDRESS>
...
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ sudo iptables -t nat -v -L POSTROUTING -n --line-number
Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes)
num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
1 1852 112K KUBE-POSTROUTING all -- * * <IP_ADDRESS>/0 <IP_ADDRESS>/0 /* kubernetes postrouting rules */
2 0 0 MASQUERADE all -- * !docker0 <IP_ADDRESS>/16 <IP_ADDRESS>/0
3 0 0 MASQUERADE all -- * !contivh0 <IP_ADDRESS>/16 <IP_ADDRESS>/0
Contiv uses contivh0
as the host port to route external traffic. It adds a post routing rule in iptables on the host to masquerade traffic coming through contivh0
.
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ ifconfig contivh1
contivh1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1450
inet <IP_ADDRESS> netmask <IP_ADDRESS> broadcast <IP_ADDRESS>
inet6 fe80::2:84ff:fe01:102 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 02:02:84:01:01:02 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 8 bytes 648 (648.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ ip route
default via <IP_ADDRESS> dev eth0 proto static metric 100
<IP_ADDRESS>/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src <IP_ADDRESS> metric 100
<IP_ADDRESS>/12 via <IP_ADDRESS> dev contivh1
<IP_ADDRESS>/24 via <IP_ADDRESS> dev contivh1
<IP_ADDRESS>/24 dev contivh1 proto kernel scope link src <IP_ADDRESS>
<IP_ADDRESS>/16 dev docker0 proto kernel scope link src <IP_ADDRESS>
<IP_ADDRESS>/16 dev contivh0 proto kernel scope link src <IP_ADDRESS>
<IP_ADDRESS>/24 dev eth1 proto kernel scope link src <IP_ADDRESS> metric 100
contivh1
interface allows the host to access the container/pod networks in routing mode. As Contiv tenants allow multiple tenants to have the same IP address range, host access is currently supported only for pods in the default tenant.
Chapter 1: Introduction to Container Networking
There are two main container networking models discussed within the community.
Docker libnetwork - Container Network Model (CNM)
CNM (Container Network Model) is Docker's libnetwork network model for containers
- An endpoint is a container's interface into a network
- A network is collection of arbitrary endpoints
- A container can belong to multiple endpoints (and therefore multiple networks)
- CNM allows for co-existence of multiple drivers, with a network managed by one driver
- Provides Driver APIs for IPAM and Endpoint creation/deletion
- IPAM Driver APIs: Create/Delete Pool, Allocate/Free IP Address
- Network Driver APIs: Network Create/Delete, Endpoint Create/Delete/Join/Leave
- Used by docker engine, docker swarm, and docker compose; and other schedulers
that schedule regular docker containers e.g. Nomad or Mesos docker containerizer
CoreOS CNI - Container Network Interface (CNI)
CNI (Container Network Interface) CoreOS's network model for containers
- Allows container id (uuid) specification for the network interface you create
- Provides Container Create/Delete events
- Provides access to network namespace to the driver to plumb networking
- No separate IPAM Driver: Container Create returns the IPAM information along with other data
- Used by Kubernetes and thus supported by various Kubernetes network plugins, including Contiv
The rest of the tutorial walks through Contiv with CNI/Kubernetes examples.
Basic container networking
Let's examine the networking a pod gets upon a vanilla run.
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ sudo docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
b60fdf5ccb88 bridge bridge local
6feedf8caae3 host host local
133512a17887 none null local
Unlike in the Legacy Swarm tutorial, Contiv networks are not visible under Docker networks in a Kubernetes setup. This is because Contiv is a CNI plugin for Kubernetes and not visible as a Docker networking CNM plugin in the Kubernetes environment.
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ kubectl run -it vanilla-c --image=contiv/alpine /bin/sh
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
/ # ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:02:14:01:01:03
inet addr:<IP_ADDRESS> Bcast:<IP_ADDRESS> Mask:<IP_ADDRESS>
inet6 addr: fe80::2:14ff:fe01:103/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1450 Metric:1
RX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:578 (578.0 B) TX bytes:578 (578.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:<IP_ADDRESS> Mask:<IP_ADDRESS>
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
/ # ip route
default via <IP_ADDRESS> dev eth0
<IP_ADDRESS>/24 dev eth0 src <IP_ADDRESS>
/ # exit
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
vanilla-c-1408101207-p6swm 1/1 Running 1 47s <IP_ADDRESS> kubeadm-worker0
Note: Please note this pod got scheduled by Kubernetes on kubeadm-worker0 node, as seen in the NODE column above. In order to see all of this pod's interfaces, we must run it on the kubeadm-worker0 node since it is scheduled on that node.
Switch to kubeadm-worker0
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ exit
$ vagrant ssh kubeadm-worker0
[vagrant@kubeadm-worker0 ~]$ ifconfig
[vagrant@kubeadm-worker0 ~]$ exit
$ vagrant ssh kubeadm-master
In the ifconfig
output, you will see that it would have created a vvport virtual
ethernet interface
that would look like vvport#
.
The other pair of veth interface is put into the pod with the name eth0
.
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ kubectl exec -it vanilla-c-1408101207-p6swm sh
/ # ifconfig eth0
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:02:14:01:01:03
inet addr:<IP_ADDRESS> Bcast:<IP_ADDRESS> Mask:<IP_ADDRESS>
inet6 addr: fe80::2:14ff:fe01:103/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1450 Metric:1
RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:648 (648.0 B) TX bytes:648 (648.0 B)
/ # exit
When you run a pod without specifying any network, the default-net
network in the default
tenant
is connected to the pod's containers.
External connectivity to this pod is provided using SNAT via the default-net gateway.
All traffic to this pod is routed using the contivh1 interface we saw earlier.
Chapter 2: Multi-host networking
There are many solutions like Contiv such as Calico, Weave, OpenShift, OpenContrail, Nuage, VMWare, Docker, Kubernetes, and OpenStack that provide solutions to multi-host container networking.
In this section, let's examine Contiv and Kubernetes overlay solutions.
Multi-host networking with Contiv
Let's use the same example as above to spin up two pods on the two different hosts.
1. Create a multi-host network
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ netctl net create --subnet=<IP_ADDRESS>/24 --gateway=<IP_ADDRESS> contiv-net
Creating network default:contiv-net
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ netctl net ls
Tenant Network Nw Type Encap type Packet tag Subnet Gateway IPv6Subnet IPv6Gateway Cfgd Tag
------ ------- ------- ---------- ---------- ------- ------ ---------- ----------- ---------
default contivh1 infra vxlan 0 <IP_ADDRESS>/24 <IP_ADDRESS>
default default-net data vxlan 0 <IP_ADDRESS>/24 <IP_ADDRESS>
default contiv-net data vxlan 0 <IP_ADDRESS>/24 <IP_ADDRESS>
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ netctl net inspect contiv-net
{
"Config": {
"key": "default:contiv-net",
"encap": "vxlan",
"gateway": "<IP_ADDRESS>",
"networkName": "contiv-net",
"nwType": "data",
"subnet": "<IP_ADDRESS>/24",
"tenantName": "default",
"link-sets": {},
"links": {
"Tenant": {
"type": "tenant",
"key": "default"
}
}
},
"Oper": {
"allocatedIPAddresses": "<IP_ADDRESS>",
"availableIPAddresses": "<IP_ADDRESS>-<IP_ADDRESS>",
"externalPktTag": 3,
"networkTag": "contiv-net.default",
"pktTag": 3
}
}
We can now spin a couple of pods belonging to the contiv-net
network.
We will create one pod on the master node and one pod on the worker node.
This will create a pod on the master node because we have specified tolerations in accordance with the master node's taints.
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ cat <<EOF > contiv-c1.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
labels:
io.contiv.tenant: default
io.contiv.network: contiv-net
k8s-app: contiv-c1
name: contiv-c1
spec:
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule
nodeSelector:
node-role.kubernetes.io/master: ""
containers:
-
image: contiv/alpine
name: alpine
command:
- sleep
- "6000"
EOF
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ kubectl create -f contiv-c1.yaml
pod "contiv-c1" created
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
contiv-c1 1/1 Running 0 36s <IP_ADDRESS> kubeadm-master
vanilla-c-1408101207-p6swm 1/1 Running 1 5m <IP_ADDRESS> kubeadm-worker0
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ kubectl exec -it contiv-c1 sh
/ # ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:02:0A:01:02:02
inet addr:<IP_ADDRESS> Bcast:<IP_ADDRESS> Mask:<IP_ADDRESS>
inet6 addr: fe80::2:aff:fe01:202/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1450 Metric:1
RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:648 (648.0 B) TX bytes:648 (648.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:<IP_ADDRESS> Mask:<IP_ADDRESS>
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
/ # exit
The IP address of this pod is <IP_ADDRESS> which means it is part of the contiv-net
network.
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ cat <<EOF > contiv-c2.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
labels:
io.contiv.tenant: default
io.contiv.network: contiv-net
k8s-app: contiv-c2
name: contiv-c2
spec:
containers:
-
image: contiv/alpine
name: alpine
command:
- sleep
- "6000"
EOF
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ kubectl create -f contiv-c2.yaml
pod "contiv-c2" created
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
contiv-c1 1/1 Running 0 27s <IP_ADDRESS> kubeadm-master
contiv-c2 1/1 Running 0 6s <IP_ADDRESS> kubeadm-worker0
vanilla-c-357166617-s5tff 1/1 Running 1 1m <IP_ADDRESS> kubeadm-worker0
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ kubectl exec -it contiv-c2 sh
/ # ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:02:0A:01:02:03
inet addr:<IP_ADDRESS> Bcast:<IP_ADDRESS> Mask:<IP_ADDRESS>
inet6 addr: fe80::2:aff:fe01:203/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1450 Metric:1
RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:648 (648.0 B) TX bytes:648 (648.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:<IP_ADDRESS> Mask:<IP_ADDRESS>
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
/ # exit
Now let's try to ping between these two pods.
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ kubectl exec -it contiv-c1 sh
/ # ping -c 3 <IP_ADDRESS>
PING <IP_ADDRESS> (<IP_ADDRESS>): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from <IP_ADDRESS>: seq=0 ttl=64 time=3.877 ms
64 bytes from <IP_ADDRESS>: seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.213 ms
64 bytes from <IP_ADDRESS>: seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.877 ms
--- <IP_ADDRESS> ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.877/1.989/3.877 ms
/ # exit
Chapter 3: Using multiple tenants with arbitrary IPs in the networks
First, let's create a new tenant space.
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ netctl tenant create blue
Creating tenant: blue
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ netctl tenant ls
Name
------
blue
default
After the tenant is created, we can create network within tenant blue
. Here we can choose the same subnet and network name as we used earlier with default tenant, as namespaces are isolated across tenants.
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ netctl net create -t blue --subnet=<IP_ADDRESS>/24 -g <IP_ADDRESS> contiv-net
Creating network blue:contiv-net
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ netctl net ls -t blue
Tenant Network Nw Type Encap type Packet tag Subnet Gateway IPv6Subnet IPv6Gateway Cfgd Tag
------ ------- ------- ---------- ---------- ------- ------ ---------- ----------- ---------
blue contiv-net data vxlan 0 <IP_ADDRESS>/24 <IP_ADDRESS>
Next, we can run pods belonging to this tenant.
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ cat <<EOF > contiv-blue-c1.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
labels:
io.contiv.tenant: blue
io.contiv.network: contiv-net
k8s-app: contiv-blue-c1
name: contiv-blue-c1
spec:
containers:
-
image: contiv/alpine
name: alpine
command:
- sleep
- "6000"
EOF
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ kubectl create -f contiv-blue-c1.yaml
pod "contiv-blue-c1" created
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ cat <<EOF > contiv-blue-c2.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
labels:
io.contiv.tenant: blue
io.contiv.network: contiv-net
k8s-app: contiv-blue-c2
name: contiv-blue-c2
spec:
tolerations:
- key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
effect: NoSchedule
nodeSelector:
node-role.kubernetes.io/master: ""
containers:
-
image: contiv/alpine
name: alpine
command:
- sleep
- "6000"
EOF
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ kubectl create -f contiv-blue-c2.yaml
pod "contiv-blue-c2" created
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ cat <<EOF > contiv-blue-c3.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
labels:
io.contiv.tenant: blue
io.contiv.network: contiv-net
k8s-app: contiv-blue-c3
name: contiv-blue-c3
spec:
containers:
-
image: contiv/alpine
name: alpine
command:
- sleep
- "6000"
EOF
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ kubectl create -f contiv-blue-c3.yaml
pod "contiv-blue-c3" created
Let's see what has been created.
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE
contiv-blue-c1 1/1 Running 0 53s <IP_ADDRESS> kubeadm-worker0
contiv-blue-c2 1/1 Running 0 20s <IP_ADDRESS> kubeadm-master
contiv-blue-c3 1/1 Running 0 6s <IP_ADDRESS> kubeadm-worker0
contiv-c1 1/1 Running 0 6m <IP_ADDRESS> kubeadm-master
contiv-c2 1/1 Running 0 4m <IP_ADDRESS> kubeadm-worker0
vanilla-c-1408101207-p6swm 1/1 Running 1 12m <IP_ADDRESS> kubeadm-worker0
Now, let's try to ping between these pods.
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ kubectl exec -it contiv-blue-c1 sh
/ # ping -c 3 <IP_ADDRESS>
PING <IP_ADDRESS> (<IP_ADDRESS>): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from <IP_ADDRESS>: seq=0 ttl=64 time=11.651 ms
64 bytes from <IP_ADDRESS>: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.927 ms
64 bytes from <IP_ADDRESS>: seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.890 ms
--- <IP_ADDRESS> ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.890/4.489/11.651 ms
/ # ping -c 3 <IP_ADDRESS>
PING <IP_ADDRESS> (<IP_ADDRESS>): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from <IP_ADDRESS>: seq=0 ttl=64 time=1.033 ms
64 bytes from <IP_ADDRESS>: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.086 ms
64 bytes from <IP_ADDRESS>: seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.086 ms
--- <IP_ADDRESS> ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.086/0.401/1.033 ms
/ # exit
Chapter 4: Connecting pods to external networks
In order for pods to connect to external networks a gateway must be provided. When we created the contiv-net
in the previous chapter we provided the gateway <IP_ADDRESS>
. Let's see if we can ping between one of the pods on the contiv-net
and and external website. First let's see which pods are on contiv-net
.
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ netctl net inspect contiv-net
{
"Config": {
"key": "default:contiv-net",
"encap": "vxlan",
"gateway": "<IP_ADDRESS>",
"networkName": "contiv-net",
"nwType": "data",
"subnet": "<IP_ADDRESS>/24",
"tenantName": "default",
"link-sets": {},
"links": {
"Tenant": {
"type": "tenant",
"key": "default"
}
}
},
"Oper": {
"allocatedAddressesCount": 2,
"allocatedIPAddresses": "<IP_ADDRESS>-<IP_ADDRESS>",
"availableIPAddresses": "<IP_ADDRESS>-<IP_ADDRESS>",
"endpoints": [
{
"containerName": "contiv-c1",
"endpointID": "21f97ca11caa355fd56c75869b60587f149257932095c552fc3af76b0be0d91f",
"homingHost": "kubeadm-master",
"ipAddress": [
"<IP_ADDRESS>",
""
],
"labels": "map[]",
"macAddress": "02:02:0a:01:02:02",
"network": "contiv-net.default"
},
{
"containerName": "contiv-c2",
"endpointID": "a9506061759f9d36304997929ed66c360e09ae01aaa98b65394ae8c463cad158",
"homingHost": "kubeadm-worker0",
"ipAddress": [
"<IP_ADDRESS>",
""
],
"labels": "map[]",
"macAddress": "02:02:0a:01:02:03",
"network": "contiv-net.default"
}
],
"externalPktTag": 3,
"networkTag": "contiv-net.default",
"numEndpoints": 2,
"pktTag": 3
}
}
contiv-c1
and contiv-c2
are on contiv-net
. Let's try to ping Google's DNS server.
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ kubectl exec -it contiv-c1 sh
/ # ping -c 3 <IP_ADDRESS>
PING <IP_ADDRESS> (<IP_ADDRESS>): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from <IP_ADDRESS>: seq=0 ttl=61 time=5.459 ms
64 bytes from <IP_ADDRESS>: seq=1 ttl=61 time=4.433 ms
64 bytes from <IP_ADDRESS>: seq=2 ttl=61 time=4.615 ms
--- <IP_ADDRESS> ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 4.433/4.835/5.459 ms
/ # exit
Cleanup
To cleanup the setup, after doing all the experiments, exit the VM and destroy the VMs:
[vagrant@kubeadm-master ~]$ exit
logout
Connection to <IP_ADDRESS> closed.
$ cd .. # go back to install directory
$ make cluster-destroy
cd cluster && vagrant destroy -f
==> kubeadm-worker0: Forcing shutdown of VM...
==> kubeadm-worker0: Destroying VM and associated drives...
==> kubeadm-master: Forcing shutdown of VM...
==> kubeadm-master: Destroying VM and associated drives...
==> swarm-mode-worker0: VM not created. Moving on...
==> swarm-mode-master: VM not created. Moving on...
==> legacy-swarm-worker0: VM not created. Moving on...
==> legacy-swarm-master: VM not created. Moving on...
$ make vagrant-clean
vagrant global-status --prune
id name provider state directory
--------------------------------------------------------------------
There are no active Vagrant environments on this computer! Or,
you haven't destroyed and recreated Vagrant environments that were
started with an older version of Vagrant.
cd cluster && vagrant destroy -f
==> kubeadm-worker0: VM not created. Moving on...
==> kubeadm-master: VM not created. Moving on...
==> swarm-mode-worker0: VM not created. Moving on...
==> swarm-mode-master: VM not created. Moving on...
==> legacy-swarm-worker0: VM not created. Moving on...
==> legacy-swarm-master: VM not created. Moving on...
References
Improvements or Comments
This tutorial was developed by Contiv engineers. Thank you for trying out this tutorial. Please file a GitHub issue if you see an issue with the tutorial, or if you prefer improving some text, feel free to send a pull request.


Air Force One (R) *** 1/2 (out of ****) If the President's private plane, Air Force One, were hijacked, it's highly unlikely that President Clinton (or any real-life Chief Executive) would go mano y mano with the terrorists. But this is Hollywood, where wimpy presidents just don't sell. So we have Wolfgang Petersen's Air Force One, an exciting, entertaining variation of the Die Hard formula where our kick-ass hero is none other than the President of the United States. Right from the get-go, we know Harrison Ford's President James Marshall is one take-no-crap guy. We first see him at a dinner at the Kremlin, where he and the Russian president (Alan Woolf) are celebrating the capture of General Alexander Radek (Jurgen Prochnow), a fascist tyrant whose brutal tactics wreaked havoc in Kazakhstan. It is during this dinner that he gives an impassioned speech saying that the United States will no longer take action against such atrocities at the last minute, striking at the first signs of trouble. President Marshall gets his chance to back up his words when, en route to Washington, Air Force One, is hijacked by a group of Radek loyalists, led by Ivan Korshunov (Gary Oldman), demanding the general's release. With his wife (Wendy Crewson), daughter (Liesel Matthews), and numerous staffers held hostage, it is up to President Marshall to defeat the baddies and reassert America's reputation as the leading global power. The basic conceit is a little far-fetched (then again, what action movie plot isn't?), and given some of the clunky dialogue by screenwriter Andrew W. Marlowe, sometimes it sounds ridiculous, too. But while watching the film, you buy it hook, line, and sinker, due in large part to the acting talent on board. Ford's commanding presence lends a sense of authenticity to every project he's in. It is one thing to be a convincing kick-ass action hero and quite another to be believable as "the leader of the free world"; not only does he pull off both without a hitch, but he also pulls off the task fairly seamlessly. When he is wacking a terrorist with a stool, we also believe that this the president, doing what it takes to protect his country; similarly, in more sedate presidential mode, we believe that, when push comes to shove, he is capable of acting in such a violent way. Another huge acting asset is Glenn Close, serving as the plane's (and the film's) dramatic anchor to reality as Vice President Kathryn Bennett, who is the focus of the action in the White House. Oldman is appropriately restrained as Korshunov, wisely resisting the urge to camp it up as a lot of action movie villains do these days. Anything too over-the-top and outre, like Oldman's turns in the Luc Besson films The Professional and The Fifth Element, would seem too out of place here. But this is not to say that Air Force One is a gravely serious and self-important championing of the American presidency. Even though President Marshall is a combat veteran who can more than hold his own in a fight, he still is a desk jockey by trade. He's no know-it-all gadget whiz MacGyver; a lot of times he doesn't know what he's doing or how to do it. The little comic touches, from little one-liners to scenes such as one where he reads an instruction manual to a cellular telephone work not so much because they are funny but because they also ring true (after all, wouldn't the president have someone make his calls for him?). Air Force One does not offer as much character nor plot to chew on as Petersen's last thriller involving the presidency, 1993's terrific Clint Eastwood starrer In the Line of Fire, but it still delivers the goods--a brisk pace, explosions, gunplay, fights, lots of airborne action, strong acting, and, last and certainly not least, the legendary Harrison Ford.
Michael Dequina<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>|<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>|<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Visit Mr. Brown's Movie Site at http://members.tripod.com/~MrBrown/ Personal Page: http://members.tripod.com/~MrBrown/home.html Michael Jordan Sites: http://members.tripod.com/~mj23/mj.html & http://www.geocities.com/Colosseum/Field/2302/
"I've failed over and over and over again in my life... and that is why I succeed." --Michael Jordan
CONGRATULATIONS MICHAEL & THE BULLS!
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Most stomach aches are not anything serious and will go away after a few days.
Common causes of stomach ache
These are some common types of stomach ache and what may be causing them. But see a GP if you're unsure and worried.
| Type of stomach ache | Possible condition |
|---|---|
| Feeling bloated, farting a lot | trapped wind |
| Feeling full and bloated after eating, heartburn, feeling sick | indigestion |
| Cannot poo | constipation |
| Watery poo, feeling sick, vomiting | diarrhoea or food poisoning |
You can ask a pharmacist about:
- what might be causing your stomach ache
- treatments that might help
- medicines for constipation and indigestion
Non-urgent advice: See a GP if:
- the pain gets much worse quickly
- the pain or bloating will not go away or keeps coming back
- you have stomach pain and problems with swallowing food
- you're losing weight without trying to
- you suddenly pee more often or less often
- peeing is suddenly painful
- you bleed from your bottom or vagina, or have abnormal discharge from your vagina
- your diarrhoea does not go away after a few days
Information:
Coronavirus (COVID-19) update: how to contact a GP
It's still important to get help from a GP if you need it. To contact your GP surgery:
- visit their website
- use the NHS App
- call them
Immediate action required: Call 999 or go to A&E if:
- your stomach ache came on very suddenly or is severe
- it hurts when you touch your stomach
- you're vomiting blood or your vomit looks like ground coffee
- your poo is bloody or black and sticky and extremely smelly
- you cannot pee
- you cannot poo or fart
- you cannot breathe
- you have chest pain
- you're diabetic and vomiting
- someone has collapsed
Other causes of stomach ache
Do not self-diagnose – see a GP if you're worried.
| Type of stomach ache | Possible condition |
|---|---|
| Pain and cramps when you have your period | period pain |
| Sudden pain in the lower right-hand side | appendicitis |
| Ongoing cramps, bloating, diarrhoea, constipation | irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) |
| Bad ongoing pain that can go down to your groin, nausea, pain when peeing | kidney stones |
| Severe pain that lasts for hours in the centre of your tummy or just under the ribs on the right-hand side | gallstones |
Page last reviewed: 15 July 2020
Next review due: 15 July 2023


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[gecode-users] InVarArray methods
Patrik Haslum
patrik.haslum at anu.edu.au
Tue Dec 9 11:21:21 CET 2008
Hi,
Actually, I'm a bit confused over Var's and VarArrays too. My
understanding (and please correct me if I'm wrong) is that a Var or
VarArray (and similarly ArgArrays; not sure what's the difference with
them) holds only pointers/references to the actual variables, which are
(in some slightly magic fashion) associated with the space object. Does
this mean that having all variables in VarArrays that are members of the
Space-derived object (and doing .updates on them in the copy
constructor) is in fact not necessary? (execpt if I want to do something
else with the variables, such as print them after a solution has been
found). The actual variables (as opposed to the pointers stored in a
Var/VarArray) would get copied/updated anyway? It seems to work, but I
haven't found a clear indication either way in the documentation.
Julian, if you want to assign a value to an integer variable (that your
IntVar holds a reference to), I think you have to do it by posting a
constraint. For example,
dom(this, X, 4, 4)
would constrain the IntVar X so that 4 <= X <= 4 (here assuming the call
is made from within a method of the space-derived class; otherwise put a
pointer to the space instead of "this").
cheers,
/P at trik
Christian Schulte wrote:
> You can only print fields after they have been initialized.
>
> If you say "assign values" what do you mean? Assigning variables to fields
> in thne array? Or, assigning values to the variables stored at a fields in
> the array?
>
> Did you look at the examples that come with Gecode?
>
> --
> Christian Schulte, www.ict.kth.se/~cschulte/
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: users-bounces at gecode.org [mailto:users-bounces at gecode.org] On Behalf
> Of Julian Cardona
> Sent: Monday, December 08, 2008 6:32 PM
> To: users at gecode.org
> Subject: [gecode-users] InVarArray methods
>
> Hey people i feel very idiot posting this but i have no idea hot to assign
> values to a IntVarArray, i mean, i have an IntVarArray and i can initialize
> it
> how it is described in the API but i dont know how to assign arbitrary
> vaules
> to it.
> I cant figure out why i can print out the value of a desired position:
> std::cout << MyIntVarArray[i] << std::endl;
> but im unable to assign values to it in the common way:
> MyIntVarArray[4] = element;
>
> Please help me!!!
>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Gecode users mailing list
> users at gecode.org
> https://www.gecode.org/mailman/listinfo/gecode-users
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Gecode users mailing list
> users at gecode.org
> https://www.gecode.org/mailman/listinfo/gecode-users
More information about the gecode-users
mailing list


Application is the base class of all the application types that launchy may invoke. It essentially defines the public api of the launchy system.
Every class that inherits from Application must define:
1. A constructor taking no parameters 2. An instance method ‘open’ taking a string or URI as the first parameter and a hash as the second 3. A class method ‘handles?’ that takes a String and returns true if that class can handle the input.
Find the given executable in the available paths
# File lib/launchy/application.rb, line 29 def find_executable( bin, *paths ) paths = ENV['PATH'].split( File::PATH_SEPARATOR ) if paths.empty? paths.each do |path| file = File.join( path, bin ) if File.executable?( file ) then Launchy.log "#{self.name} : found executable #{file}" return file end end Launchy.log "#{self.name} : Unable to find `#{bin}' in #{paths.join(", ")}" return nil end
Find the application that handles the given uri.
returns the Class that can handle the uri
# File lib/launchy/application.rb, line 21 def handling( uri ) klass = find_child( :handles?, uri ) return klass if klass raise ApplicationNotFoundError, "No application found to handle '#{uri}'" end
# File lib/launchy/application.rb, line 47 def initialize @host_os_family = Launchy::Detect::HostOsFamily.detect @ruby_engine = Launchy::Detect::RubyEngine.detect @runner = Launchy::Detect::Runner.detect end
# File lib/launchy/application.rb, line 53 def find_executable( bin, *paths ) Application.find_executable( bin, *paths ) end
# File lib/launchy/application.rb, line 57 def run( cmd, *args ) runner.run( cmd, *args ) end


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The Monitoring Officer will also report progress to Innovate UK.
Monitoring Officer: DEF
Telephone:<PHONE_NUMBER>
Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Your Monitoring Officer will contact you to introduce themselves and explain any information requirements they have.
If you have any questions about this appointment please contact Innovate UK.
Yours sincerely,
Innovate UK, part of UK Research and Innovation
Tel: 0300 321 4357
Email: competitions@iuk.ukri.org


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#include <colorsel.h>
Inheritance diagram for TColorSelector::
Public Types | |
| enum | ColorSel { csBackground = 0, csForeground } |
Public Methods | |
| TColorSelector (const TRect &bounds, ColorSel aSelType) | |
| virtual void | draw () |
| virtual void | handleEvent (TEvent &event) |
Static Public Methods | |
| TStreamable* | build () |
Static Public Attributes | |
| char | icon |
| const char* const | name |
Protected Methods | |
| TColorSelector (StreamableInit) | |
| virtual void | write (opstream &os) |
| virtual void* | read (ipstream &is) |
Protected Attributes | |
| uchar | color |
| ColorSel | selType |
TColorSelector is a view for displaying the color selections available.
Definition at line 206 of file colorsel.h.
|
|
This view can handle two sets of colors: the 8 background colors or the 16 foreground colors. Definition at line 213 of file colorsel.h. |
|
|
Constructor. Calls TView constructor TView(bounds) to create a view with the given `bounds'. Sets options data member with ofSelectable, ofFirstClick, and ofFramed. Sets eventMask to evBroadcast, selType to `aSelType', and color to 0. `aSelType' may be one of the following values:
Constant Value Meaning csBackground 0 show the 8 background colors csForeground 1 show the 16 foreground colors |
|
|
Constructor. Used to recover the view from a stream. |
|
|
Creates a new TColorSelector. Called to create an object in certain stream-reading situations. Reimplemented from TView. |
|
|
Draws the color selector. Reimplemented from TView. |
|
|
Handles mouse and key events: you can click on a given color indicator to select that color, or you can select colors by positioning the cursor with the arrow keys. Changes invoke drawView() when appropriate. Reimplemented from TView. |
|
|
Used to recover the view from a stream. Reads from the input stream `is'. Reimplemented from TView. |
|
|
Used to store the view in a stream. Writes to the output stream `os'. Reimplemented from TView. |
|
|
Holds the currently selected color. Definition at line 252 of file colorsel.h. |
|
|
This character is used to mark the current color. Definition at line 247 of file colorsel.h. |
|
|
Undocumented. Reimplemented from TView. Definition at line 289 of file colorsel.h. |
|
|
Specifies if the view shows the 8 background colors or the 16 foreground colors. Gives attribute (foreground or background) of the currently selected color. ColorSel is an enum defined as follows:
enum ColorSel { csBackground = 0, csForeground } Definition at line 264 of file colorsel.h. |


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| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
java.lang.Object org.hsqldb.jdbc.jdbcClob
The mapping in the JavaTM programming language for the SQL CLOB type.
Provides methods for getting the length of an SQL CLOB (Character Large Object) value, for materializing a CLOB value on the client, and for searching for a substring or CLOB object within a CLOB value.
Including 1.8.x, the HSQLDB driver does not implement Clob using an SQL locator(CLOB). That is, an HSQLDB Clob object does not contain a logical pointer to SQL CLOB data; rather it directly contains an immutable representation of the data (a String object). As a result, an HSQLDB Clob object itself is valid beyond the duration of the transaction in which is was created, although it does not necessarily represent a corresponding value on the database.
Currently, the interface methods for updating a CLOB value are unsupported. However, the truncate method is supported for local use.
| Constructor Summary | |
jdbcClob(java.lang.String data)
Constructs a new jdbcClob object wrapping the given character sequence. |
| Method Summary | |
java.io.InputStream |
getAsciiStream()
Retrieves the CLOB value designated by this
Clob object as an ascii stream. |
java.io.Reader |
getCharacterStream()
Retrieves the CLOB value designated by this
Clob object as a java.io.Reader object
(or as a stream of characters). |
java.lang.String |
getSubString(long pos,
int length)
Retrieves a copy of the specified substring in the CLOB
value designated by this Clob object. |
long |
length()
Retrieves the number of characters in the CLOB value
designated by this Clob object. |
long |
position(java.sql.Clob searchstr,
long start)
Retrieves the character position at which the specified Clob object searchstr appears in this
Clob object. |
long |
position(java.lang.String searchstr,
long start)
Retrieves the character position at which the specified substring searchstr appears in the SQL CLOB value
represented by this Clob object. |
java.io.OutputStream |
setAsciiStream(long pos)
Retrieves a stream to be used to write Ascii characters to the CLOB value that this Clob object represents,
starting at position pos . |
java.io.Writer |
setCharacterStream(long pos)
Retrieves a stream to be used to write a stream of Unicode characters to the CLOB value that this Clob object
represents, at position pos . |
int |
setString(long pos,
java.lang.String str)
Writes the given Java String to the CLOB
value that this Clob object designates at the position
pos . |
int |
setString(long pos,
java.lang.String str,
int offset,
int len)
Writes len characters of str , starting
at character offset , to the CLOB value
that this Clob represents. |
void |
truncate(long len)
Truncates the CLOB value that this Clob
designates to have a length of len
characters. |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
equals, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Constructor Detail |
public jdbcClob(java.lang.String data) throws java.sql.SQLException
This constructor is used internally to retrieve result set values as Clob objects, yet it must be public to allow access from other packages. As such (in the interest of efficiency) this object maintains a reference to the given String object rather than making a copy and so it is gently suggested (in the interest of effective memory management) that extenal clients using this constructor either take pause to consider the implications or at least take care to provide a String object whose internal character buffer is not much larger than required to represent the value.
data
- the character sequence representing the Clob value
java.sql.SQLException
- if the argument is null| Method Detail |
public long length() throws java.sql.SQLException
CLOB
value
designated by this Clob
object.
length
in interface java.sql.Clob
CLOB
in characters
java.sql.SQLException
- if there is an error accessing the
length of the CLOB
valuepublic java.lang.String getSubString(long pos, int length) throws java.sql.SQLException
CLOB
value designated by this Clob
object. The substring begins
at position pos
and has up to length
consecutive characters.
The official specification above is ambiguous in that it does not precisely indicate the policy to be observed when pos > this.length() - length. One policy would be to retrieve the characters from pos to this.length(). Another would be to throw an exception. HSQLDB observes the later policy.
getSubString
in interface java.sql.Clob
pos
- the first character of the substring to be extracted.
The first character is at position 1.length
- the number of consecutive characters to be copied
String
that is the specified substring in
the CLOB
value designated by this
Clob
object
java.sql.SQLException
- if there is an error accessing the
CLOB
valuepublic java.io.Reader getCharacterStream() throws java.sql.SQLException
CLOB
value designated by this
Clob
object as a java.io.Reader
object
(or as a stream of characters).
getCharacterStream
in interface java.sql.Clob
java.io.Reader
object containing the
CLOB
data
java.sql.SQLException
- if there is an error accessing the
CLOB
valuesetCharacterStream(long)
public java.io.InputStream getAsciiStream() throws java.sql.SQLException
CLOB
value designated by this
Clob
object as an ascii stream.
getAsciiStream
in interface java.sql.Clob
java.io.InputStream
object containing the
CLOB
data
java.sql.SQLException
- if there is an error accessing the
CLOB
valuesetAsciiStream(long)
public long position(java.lang.String searchstr, long start) throws java.sql.SQLException
searchstr
appears in the SQL CLOB
value
represented by this Clob
object. The search
begins at position start
.
position
in interface java.sql.Clob
searchstr
- the substring for which to searchstart
- the position at which to begin searching; the
first position is 1
java.sql.SQLException
- if there is an error accessing the
CLOB
valuepublic long position(java.sql.Clob searchstr, long start) throws java.sql.SQLException
Clob
object searchstr
appears in this
Clob
object. The search begins at position
start
.
position
in interface java.sql.Clob
searchstr
- the Clob
object for which to searchstart
- the position at which to begin searching; the first
position is 1
Clob
object appears
or -1 if it is not present; the first position is 1
java.sql.SQLException
- if there is an error accessing the
CLOB
valuepublic int setString(long pos, java.lang.String str) throws java.sql.SQLException
String
to the CLOB
value that this Clob
object designates at the position
pos
.
HSLQDB 1.7.2 does not support this feature.
Calling this method always throws an SQLException
.
setString
in interface java.sql.Clob
pos
- the position at which to start writing to the
CLOB
value that this Clob
object
representsstr
- the string to be written to the CLOB
value that this Clob
designates
java.sql.SQLException
- if there is an error accessing the
CLOB
valuepublic int setString(long pos, java.lang.String str, int offset, int len) throws java.sql.SQLException
len
characters of str
, starting
at character offset
, to the CLOB
value
that this Clob
represents.
HSLQDB 1.7.2 does not support this feature.
Calling this method always throws an SQLException
.
setString
in interface java.sql.Clob
pos
- the position at which to start writing to this
CLOB
objectstr
- the string to be written to the CLOB
value that this Clob
object representsoffset
- the offset into str
to start reading
the characters to be writtenlen
- the number of characters to be written
java.sql.SQLException
- if there is an error accessing the
CLOB
valuepublic java.io.OutputStream setAsciiStream(long pos) throws java.sql.SQLException
CLOB
value that this Clob
object represents,
starting at position pos
.
HSLQDB 1.7.2 does not support this feature.
Calling this method always throws an SQLException
.
setAsciiStream
in interface java.sql.Clob
pos
- the position at which to start writing to this
CLOB
object
java.sql.SQLException
- if there is an error accessing the
CLOB
valuegetAsciiStream()
public java.io.Writer setCharacterStream(long pos) throws java.sql.SQLException
CLOB
value that this Clob
object
represents, at position pos
.
HSLQDB 1.7.2 does not support this feature.
Calling this method always throws an SQLException
.
setCharacterStream
in interface java.sql.Clob
pos
- the position at which to start writing to the
CLOB
value
java.sql.SQLException
- if there is an error accessing the
CLOB
valuegetCharacterStream()
public void truncate(long len) throws java.sql.SQLException
CLOB
value that this Clob
designates to have a length of len
characters.
This operation affects only the client-side value; it has no effect upon the value as it is stored in the database.
truncate
in interface java.sql.Clob
len
- the length, in bytes, to which the CLOB
value
should be truncated
java.sql.SQLException
- if there is an error accessing the
CLOB
value
|
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| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |


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def | __init__ |
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def | log_size |
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def | log_list |
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def | log |
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def | mutable_log |
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def | add_log |
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def | clear_log |
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def | offset |
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def | mutable_offset |
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def | clear_offset |
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def | has_offset |
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def | last_end_time |
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def | set_last_end_time |
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def | clear_last_end_time |
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def | has_last_end_time |
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def | MergeFrom |
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def | Equals |
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def | IsInitialized |
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def | ByteSize |
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def | ByteSizePartial |
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def | Clear |
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def | OutputUnchecked |
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def | OutputPartial |
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def | TryMerge |
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def | __str__ |
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| lazy_init_lock_ |
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| has_offset_ |
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| has_last_end_time_ |
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| last_end_time_ |
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int | has_offset_ = 0 |
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| offset_ = None |
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int | has_last_end_time_ = 0 |
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int | last_end_time_ = 0 |
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int | klog = 1 |
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int | koffset = 2 |
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int | klast_end_time = 3 |
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The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:
- code/googleappengine-read-only/python/google/appengine/api/logservice/log_service_pb.py


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MATT STARKEY
01.11.17
A correction has been appended
Mary Puzder first became interested in astrology in middle school by reading the horoscope sections of teenage girl magazines.
“I was like, ‘Well, it’s interesting, and I don’t necessarily believe in it,’” Puzder, a sophomore studying journalism, said.
Her interest started to really develop “out of boredom” when she researched the zodiac signs and checked out a book from a library about astrology. She said she believes in the personality aspects of astrology, but she doesn’t “take stock” in horoscopes that predict the future even though she still enjoys reading them.
“It’d be weird to believe, wholeheartedly, that something so far away can control how your day is going,” Puzder said. “I just think it’s interesting to compare. I wouldn’t base my day off of something saying, ‘Oh, you might find your long-time love interest today.’ I’d be like ‘Oh, wouldn’t that be something’ and carry on with (my) day.”
Astrology has roots in ancient times, and many people still believe it to be valid. According to a 2012 study by the National Science Foundation, 32 percent of Americans consider astrology to be “sort of scientific” and 10 percent found it to be “very scientific,” an increase from previous years.
Matt Starkey
Stars over AEP Recreation Land in Morgan County on October 2, 2016.
Many astronomers agree with NASA that astrology is “not science.” However, astrology enthusiasts still see a relationship between the alignment of the stars and the way people act.
According to the American Federation of Astrologers, astrology was believed to first come from the ancient Babylonians. It was used to help predict weather patterns and human affairs, such as war, by looking at the positions of the stars and planets.
Although astrology uses the stars to describe character traits and predict future outcomes, George Eberts, an astronomy instructor, said astrology has no scientific basis at all.
Astrology came about during a time where people had limited technology and a small understanding of astronomy, so finding constellations in the sky was an easy way to make order out of a confusing concept, Eberts said. However, he said the shapes in the sky are a product of the human mind and are not actually connected in any way.
Even though Puzder has an interest in astrology, she does not completely disagree with skeptics.
“I just don’t think it’s a good idea to let something that’s catered for so many people to apply to you so specifically,” Puzder said.
For example, when a planet is in retrograde, some people believe that events will be “out of whack,” Puzder said, which is something she doesn’t believe in.
“When everyone’s having a bad day they’ll be like ‘Oh, Mercury is in retrograde, it’s whatever. It’s not my fault,’ ” Puzder said of when planets appear to be moving backward. “I think it’s a way for people to just scapegoat things. … You’re in charge of your day, not the stars.”
Despite the lack of scientific basis, some people, like Olivia McManamon, a junior studying microbiology, say astrology helps give insight about people and events and the “energy” of a certain period of time.
“I find it to prove itself to be true,” McManamon said. “It will help you understand certain issues and understand personality and kind of give a little bit of a reason or an insight of why things are the way they are.”
Even though she believes many aspects of astrology to be true, McManamon added it is important to not let astrology completely define a person or events that happen.
“It’s a tool and not an explanation,” McManamon said.
March 21 - April 19
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Color: Red
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June 21 - July 22
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Symbol: The Crab
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July 23 - Aug. 22
Emoji: ♌
Symbol: The Lion
Stone: Ruby
Color: Orange, Gold
Aug. 23 - Sept. 22
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Symbol:The Virgin
Stone: Saphire
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Sept. 23 - Oct. 22
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Symbol: The Scales
Stone: Diamond, Quartz and Marble
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Oct. 23 - Nov. 21
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Stone: Topaz, Opal
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Nov. 22 - Dec. 21
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Symbol: The Archer
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Jan. 20 - Feb. 18
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Stone: Amethyst
Color: Sky Blue
Feb. 19 - March 20
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Symbol: The Fish
Stone: Jade, Coral
Color: Sea Green
Some people may turn to astrology out of boredom, but Kim Rios, an associate professor of psychology, said some people utilize astrology as a way to attempt to control the world around them.
When people have perceptions of lack of order, they tend to compensate by believing in things or concepts that bring about structure, Rios said.
“I think, for a lot of people, astrology does that,” Rios said. “It purportedly explains a lot about your personality and what’s going to happen to you in the next ‘X’ number of weeks or months just depending on when you were born.”
People may also turn to astrology for explanations about their life because many people have a “relative distrust” in science, Rios said, meaning astrology can seem like a more reliable system to latch on to.
According to a 2015 Pew Research Center study, 79 percent of adults say “science has made life easier for most people.” A majority feel positively about “science’s impact on the quality of health care, food and the environment.” However, the same study also found that the majority of adults disagree with scientists about several science-related topics, such as climate change and genetically modified organisms.
“I would worry about those who rely too strongly on astrology discounting other sources of information, like science,” Rios said.
However, people such as Ian Kenyon, a freshman studying theater, enjoy a more light-hearted version of astrology. Kenyon likes looking at social media posts on Twitter and Tumblr that relate the signs to things such as TV show characters.
“It could even be like funny stuff like ‘Your signs as cereal flavors,’ and you could be like, ‘Oh my god, if I was a cereal box, I’d so be that,’” Kenyon said.
Puzder said she often finds both accuracies and inaccuracies when comparing her own sign to the way she actually is. Although some signs are stereotyped a certain way, Puzder said signs should be viewed in a more dimensional way because personalities are complex.
For example, she said people who share her sign, Aries, are supposed to be seen as leaders because they are the first sign in the zodiac.
“Sometimes, I don’t want to be a leader,” Puzder said. “I’d rather be a leader than a follower for sure, but that’s just me. I’m sure other Aries are not.”
Matt Starkey
Olivia McManamon, a junior studying microbiology, holds her astrology book on the third floor of Baker Center on January 10th, 2017.
When McManamon first meets people, she says she can usually detect their sign.
“It’s definitely easy to tell once you’ve kind of studied it for awhile,” McManamon said. “I think definitely by looking into someone’s eyes, you can definitely tell their moon sign.”
McManamon’s sun sign is an Aquarius, her rising sign is in Leo and her moon sign is in Pisces. She explained a rising sign is a person’s public personality and the first impression someone gives, a sun sign is how a person subconsciously tries to act and a moon sign is a person’s subconscious, more emotional sign.
People can determine their signs by using a birth chart calculator — available online — and inputting their date, place and time of birth.
“It kind of gives you almost a sense of identity without defining yourself,” McManamon said.
However, Rios said there could be an alternative explanation about why people think their zodiac sign matches their personality so well.
In psychology, the Barnum effect states that if people are given vague personality statements but are told those statements describe them personally, they will latch onto those descriptions. This, paired with the belief in Western societies that everyone is supposed to be unique, could be why people think their zodiac sign specifically describes them, Rios said.
“We’re motivated to be consistent with our own behaviors,” Rios said. “If I hear something that says you have a tendency to be hardworking, then I don't want to necessarily deviate from that and depart from what my personality supposedly is.”
Although Puzder said she does not always believe all aspects of astrology, she enjoys finding the similarities between people and their signs.
“I think it’s interesting how (astrology) can make you feel unique even though it’s applying to so many people,” Puzder said “I just like to see the similarities in things.
Correction: A previous version of this story incorrectly stated who sees a relationship between the alignment of the stars and the way people act. Astrology enthusiasts are those who see that relationship. The article has been updated with the most accurate information.


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