Constructive Interference is a concept for an audiovisual installation. The project was initially created for the Circle of Light festival in Moscow, meant to be projected onto an ultrawide surface (260m wide). The images below show both close-up shots of the visuals as well as the uncropped wide-angle shots.
Music courtesy of M.E.S.H.
Collaboration with Axel Schoterman
2019
The P!eace is a collaboration between visual artist collective Pfadfinderei and the music artist René Löwe, hosted by the ISM Hexadome as part of it’s audiovisual installation series.
The Hexadome, developed by ISM in collaboration with Pfadfinderei and ZKM | Center for Art and Media, hosted a series of immersive audiovisual installations and performances, showcasing artists such as Brian Eno, Tarik Barri & Thom Yorke, Ben Frost & MFO, Peter Van Hoesen & Heleen Blanken, Pfadfinderei & René Löwe.
The Hexadome is the Institute for Sound & Music’s initiative for creating a museum in recognition of sound, electronic music culture and immersive arts.
Installation made as Pfadfinderei at Martin Gropius Bau, Berlin
2018
Installation made as Pfadfinderei commissioned by Yellow Lounge at Berghain, Berlin
2018
Collaboration with Dominic Kießling
Installation made as Pfadfinderei commissioned by Numerology at Alte Münze, Berlin
2017
Collaboration with photographer and geologist Alejandra Garcia
Installation commissioned by Yellow Lounge at Funkhaus, Berlin
2017
"Apophenia" is the tendency to attribute meaning to perceived connections or patterns between seemingly unrelated things.
This human tendency can be observed among the most notorious pattern seekers: Gamblers.
The aim of the installation is to display this habit of the human mind by using numerical patterns to build and move a parametric object.
The visitor is led to observe the structure moving randomly to find his own sequence of events.
Sound design by Grand River
Installation commissioned by Numerology at Alte Münze, Berlin
2016
“Reality” is an installation of lights and sounds in relation with the space. Its goal is to make the visitors reflect on the difference between live and mediated reality.
For this purpose, there are three simultaneous situations; in each one of them, the word “REALITY” indicates the present reality itself, live or mediated. The spectator is led to experiment the limits of both.
In the first situation, the reality is lived: thanks to an optical system that prevents the camera usage, it is not possible to take pictures.
On the contrary, in the second it is mediated: the only way to access it is through a smartphone (AR) that elaborates the spatial relations. Thus it is possible to take pictures of what is in the screen and people have to watch it in order to live the experience.
The third situation can be lived or mediated: it is a temporary modification of the reality that happens randomly, without warning. Therefore the visitors have to wait, and when it turns on, they have to make a choice: take a picture or live it.
The modification is achieved through a combination of projections and sounds, which act on the perspective of the room creating a disorienting effect on the visitors.
Thesis project, UniBz, Bozen
2014
Work made while interning at Marshmallow Laser Feast
Installation commissioned by Lisbon Architecture Triennale, Lisbon
2013
Installation commissioned by Transart Festival, Bozen
2012
Installation commissioned by Sudwerk, Bozen
2012


BEFORE THE NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL (WESTERN ZONE) BENCH, PUNE (M.A. 145 of 2014) in APPLICATION No. 11(THC)/2013 AND APPLICATION No. 11(THC)/2013 CORAM: Hon'ble Mr. Justice V.R. Kingaonkar (Judicial Member) Hon'ble Dr. Ajay A. Deshpande (Expert Member) B E T W E E N: Raghunath s/o. Rakhamaji Lohakare, Age 46 Yrs., Occn : Business, R/o. Ranjangaon Shenpunji, Tq. Gangapur, Distt : Aurangabad ....Applicant AND 1. Maharashtra Prevention of Water Pollution Board, Having its office at 'Kalpataru Point', 3rd and 4th floor, Sian Matunga Scheme Road No.8, Opposite Cine Planet Cinema, Near Sian Circle, Sian (East) 2. Maharashtra Pollution Control Board Through Sub Regional Officer, A-4/1, MIDC Area, Chikalthana, Behind Lokpatra office Jalna Road, Aurangabad, 3. State of Maharashtra, Through : Chief Secretary, Mantralaya, Mumbai. 4. Environmental Department, Govt. of Maharashtra, Through : Secretary, Mantralaya, Mumbai. (J) Application No.11(THC)/2013 1 5. Airian Arga-Chemicals, G/1, M.I.D.C. Waluj, Aurangabad. 6. Maharashtra Pesticides Pvt. Ltd., G/a, M.I.D.C., Waluj, Aurangabad. 7. Seedson Pvt. Ltd., H-29, M.I.D.C. Waluj, Aurangabad. 8. Narsimha Chemicals, H-42, M.I.D.C. Waluj, Aurangabad. 9. Lilasons Brewaries, H-5/6, M.I.D.C. Waluj, Aurangabad. 10. Aurangabad Brewarage Ltd., H-3, M.I.D.C. Waluj, Aurangabad. 11. Unitech Pharma Pvt. Ltd., H-4, M.I.D.C. Waluj, Aurangabad. 12. Koliracks Chemicals Pvt.Ltd., K-26, M.I.D.C. Waluj, Aurangabad. 13. Orchid Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals Ltd, L-9, M.I.D.C. Waluj, Aurangabad. 14. J.K. Chemicals, M.I.D.C. Area Waluj, Aurangabad. 15. Aurangabad Carbons, M.I.D.C. Area Waluj, Aurangabad. 16. Pals Brewaries Ltd., M.I.D.C. Area Waluj, Aurangabad. 17. Fosters Brewaries, (J) Application No.11(THC)/2013 2 M.I.D.C. Area Waluj, Aurangabad. 18. Inersia Brewaries, M.I.D.C. Area, Waluj, Aurangabad. 19. Paschim Chemicals, M.I.D.C. Area, Waluj, Aurangabad. 20. Akar Tools Limited, M.I.D.C. Area, Waluj, Aurangabad. 21. AMRI India Pvt. Ltd., G1/1, ½ M.I.D.C. Waluj, Aurangabad. ...Respondents Counsel for Applicant : Absent - Nemo Counsel for Respondent Nos.2,3 & 4 : Mr. D.M. Gupte, Adv., Counsel for Respondent Nos.6, 9 to 11, 14, 16 to 20 : Mr. Varun Joshi Adv. Counsel for Respondent Nos.13: Mr. S.V. Natu, Adv. Counsel for Respondent Nos.21: (Intervener) Dr. Nikhil Sakhardande w/ Mr. Tanmey Rajadhyaksha DATE : 24th September, 2014 JUDGMENT
1. Shri Raghunath Rakhmaji Lohakare, Original Applicant, filed Writ Petition No.3439 of 2002 in the Hon'ble High Court of Judicature of Bombay, Bench at Aurangabad which was subsequently transferred to this Tribunal vide (J) Application No.11(THC)/2013 3 Order of Hon'ble Division Bench dated 1st October 2013. The Applicant claims to be resident of Ranjangaon Shenpunji which is located near Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC), Industrial Area, Waluj, Aurangabad. The Applicant has filed this Application raising issues of ground water pollution in the vicinity of Waluj Industrial area and also seeking stringent enforcement of environmental Regulations to Control the water pollution.
2. The Applicant has arrayed Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB) which is responsible for implementation of Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974 (called 'Water Act') as Respondent Nos.1 and 2. The State of Maharashtra is Respondent No.3 while Environment Department, Government of Maharashtra is Respondent No.4. All other Respondents are individual Industrial Units, located in the said industrial area. The Respondent Nos.3 and 4 have not filed any Affidavit in the proceedings in this Tribunal or even in the High Court, however, as their role in the enforcement of Water Act is limited; their submission of Affidavit is not necessary in adjudication of the matter.
3. The Applicant claims that the villagers of village Ranjangaon Shenpunji are dependent on drinking water drawn from the public well constructed near the boundary wall of the Ranjangaon Shenpunji percolation tank. The (J) Application No.11(THC)/2013 4 Applicant submits that though the Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC) Waluj industrial area is not notified as Chemical Industrial Zone, the authorities have allowed several chemical factories including the listed Respondents in 1989 to operate such chemical industries within the area. The Applicant further submits that since commissioning of these chemical factories and unabated discharge of polluted effluents mainly from six (6) industries, the source of drinking water of the village is contaminated and the villagers are getting polluted water for drinking purpose. Applicant further claims that such supply of polluted water is causing health hazards to the local residents. According to the Applicant, the Respondent- Industries are not treating their industrial effluents adequately and discharge in open area which meets the Ranjangaon percolation tank and Jogeshwari Tank thereby polluting these water sources. Further, the well water in the surrounding are also polluted and showing yellowish colour and typical smell.
4. The Applicants have therefore prayed for :
I) The Respondent Nos.1 to 4 be directed by Writ of Mandamus to impose conditions on the Respondent Nos.6 to 20 to treat the effluent and to discharge the same in the streams only after necessary treatment.
II) Direction may also be issued by Writ of Mandamus against the Respondent Nos. 1 to 4 to be vigilant in inspecting the discharge of the (J) Application No.11(THC)/2013 5 effluent by the Respondent Nos.6 to 20 and to prevent the water pollution by control on the effluent discharged by the Respondent Nos.6 to 20.
5. Respondents-Industries have filed their Affidavits before the Hon'ble High Court. All such submissions may be summarized as under :
These industries have been commissioned after obtaining necessary environmental permissions from the competent authorities and also, have valid consent to operate from MPCB. The industries have installed necessary Pollution Control Systems. They are operating Pollution Control System efficiently and their Pollution Control System are regularly verified and monitored by the Respondent No.1. Some Industries further claim that they have been established recently and/or they have taken over from other industries which were in operation in the past.
6. Respondent No.1 and 2 filed the first Affidavit on 7- 12-2013 and submitted that a Common Effluent Treatment Plan (CETP) of 10 M.L.D. capacity is established at the Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC), Waluj area which is made operational from July 2011. MPCB further submits that the Respondent No.5, 9 to 11, and 13 to 20 are Member units of said (CETP) and are connected to CETP and they are regularly sending their effluent after initial treatment to CETP for further treatment and disposal. MPCB has also observed that most of the well (J) Application No.11(THC)/2013 6 water parameters are meeting with the "Irrigation Standards" and the same well water is useful for irrigation purpose. Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB) has further submitted that the Respondents-Industry No.5, 9, 11, 13, 16, 17, 19 and 20 have provided adequate pollution control devices and they are sending their treated effluents regularly to CETP Waluj. MPCB has further mentioned that, at present, said industries are not discharging their effluent outside the factory premises.
7. MPCB further submits that the Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC) is supplying the drinking water to the villages located near the industrial area, including the Ranjangaon - Shenpunji village. MPCB further submits that due to operation of CETP in MIDC Waluj from the year 2011, there is no discharge of effluent from Respondents-Industries in the water resources of Jogeshwari minor tank, Ranjangaon percolation tank, wells and borewells of Ranjangaon Shenpunji and even in the wells, in the agricultural fields of Ranjangaon Shenpunji, except discharges reported by MPCB.
8. After going through the Affidavit filed by Regional Officer of MPCB, Member Secretary of MPCB was directed on 2-1-2014 to take a review and arrange to file detailed affidavit along with all the information of monitoring the Ground Water Quality, report of treated industrial effluents, (J) Application No.11(THC)/2013 7 the details of industries and the owners thereof, which used to and are presently discharging the effluents directly or indirectly leading to percolation tank and the wells, in order to locate identity of polluting industries. This order was specifically issued as it could be seen from Annexure-I of the affidavit that the well water at Ranjangaon has higher concentration of pollution. Still, however, the Affidavit of MPCB could not locate the source of pollution and also, present status of water quality of the wells.
9. Considering the pleadings and the nature of dispute, we deem it proper to frame following issues for adjudication of the present Application :
(1) Whether contamination of ground water in and around village Ranjangaon-Shenpunji can be attributed to the mis-managed and inadequately treated Industrial discharges of any plant from the Industries at Waluj, MIDC area ? If yes, then whether resultantly ground water and also the water in percolation tank have been polluted ?
(2) Whether the remedial measures for restoring the ground water quality are necessary to arrest the ground water pollution, if any caused by industrial discharges? If yes, what measures shall be adopted ?
(3) Whether the Respondents and Industries in Waluj MIDC area are liable to pay any damages for loss caused to the environment and restitution/restoration of groundwater quality ? If yes, to what extent and to whom ?
(4) Whether there is need to issue specific orders to the authorities for regulating the industrial discharges and/or the CETP and operations ?(J) Application No.11(THC)/2013 8
10. MPCB filed another Affidavit dated 22nd January 2014 in compliance of orders dated January 2nd 2014 and submitted actions taken by the Board against some of the industries. The Affidavit also records that from the comparative statement of the analysis done by the Board, it is observed that for the above period i.e. 2003 to 2013 the pollutional discharges have caused surface and Ground Water contamination till CETP came into operation. The Affidavit also reports that overall results of the CETP are conforming the standards prescribed. However, this Affidavit does not contain identification of source of pollution and also does not locate identity of polluting industries as directed in our order dated January 2nd, 2014. Considering this, the Central Ground Water Board, Nagpur was directed vide Order dated January 23rd 2014 to verify the water pollution levels and also, whether there is any environmental damage caused due to the industrial discharges and also, for development of remedial plan.
11. Central Ground Water Board, Nagpur, submitted their report on 22nd April 2014, and recorded following important conclusions :
a) The TDS values in excess of 2000 mg/L in ground water samples collected in and around Ranjangaon(s), Kamlapur, Ramrai and Ramraiwadi villages indicate that the ground water pollution has already been initiated in the area and reached to moderate level.
b) The TDS, Ca, Mg and Cl have been observed more than MPL in and around Ranjangaon (S), Kamlapur and (J) Application No.11(THC)/2013 9 Ramraiwadi indicating the deterioration of ground water due to pollution.
c) The concentration of nitrate content was above MPL in background samples collected from Shajapur and Vitava and also in the core areas of Waluj MIDC around Ranjangaon (S). The higher values of nitrate, indicates ground water pollution due to both improper disposal of sewage and solid waste of the town and industrial effluents/waste.
d) The ground water of shallow aquifer is relatively more polluted than deeper aquifer. Except nitrate, where the concentration of nitrate is found more in deeper aquifer indicating contamination due to anthropogenic activity.
e) As per MPCB, A-II standards, it is observed that in all the samples, all the trace metals are within permissible limits, except Chromium (Cr). The high concentration of Cr (0.118 mg/L) was found at sampling point WLI/CETP-019 i.e., CETP outlet point, however, the same is within permissible limit at the discharge point.
f) This indicates that the surface water is also being contaminated due to industrial pollution in and around Ranjangaon(S) village area, Ramralwadi, Pardeshwadi (Jogeshwari) irrigation tank and Discharge Point. It also indicates that untreated effluent is still being discharged by some industries into the nala thereby leading to pollution of surface water.
g) It has been observed that the treated effluent at CETP and discharge point has pungent smell, blackish green colour and TDS values of 2566 mg/L and 2548 mg/L respectively which is beyond the permissible limits of MPCB, A-II standards and the same is being still discharged in Kham river near Patoda and Pandharpur villages.
h) The CETP has been operational since July 2011 and prior to the functioning of CETP, the treated/untreated effluent was disposed off on the land by the industries. Thus, the presence of TDS, Ca, Mg. Cl, Cr. Ni and Mn in more than MPL of BIS drinking water standards (2012) in ground water and low DO levels, high concentration of MN, TDS, CL and Cr in surface water (as per EPR, 1986 and MPCB, A-II standards) indicates that the long term discharge of treated/untreated effluent on the surface without adhering to the prescribed standards has lead to surface and ground water pollution in the area.
i) Presently the CETP is receiving only 2 MLD effluents and thus functioning at 20 % of its capacity. This indicates that the entire effluent generated by the industries is perhaps not being received in CETP. Perhaps, the untreated effluent is being discharged into (J) Application No.11(THC)/2013 10 local nalas by the small and medium scale industries, thereby leading to pollution of surface as well as ground water.
12. Respondent No.14 filed an Affidavit in reply on 31st July, 2014 and presented a Report prepared by MPCB, titled "Proposed Action Plan Industrial Cluster at Aurangabad". The report is said to be prepared by MPCB in order to comply the directions of MoEF /CPCB related to comprehensive environmental pollution index (CEPI) and available to MPCB website. This fact was also accepted by the MPCB officials present in the Tribunal. The Report is quite exhaustive and deals with the status of Pollution in the Industrial estates in District Aurangabad, identification of polluting sources, and also detailed action plan to control the pollution. The report also refers to study conducted by NEERI about the Ground Water Pollution in the area as referred in the present Application. We do not know the reasons why such important information and Reports have not been adduced before the Tribunal in spite of our clear directions to the Member Secretary of the Board.
13. The Central Ground Water Board its report dated 22nd April, 2014 concluded in para 5.1 that :
"The concentration of most of the constituents (in the Ground Water samples) are higher than that observed in the background sample. This clearly indicates that the Industrial Pollution is contributing to deterioration of ground water quality in the eastern stretch starting from north Ranjangaon Shenpunji to south Shivrai in study area."
(J) Application No.11(THC)/2013 11
Similarly, CGWB have also noted that the surface water is also being contaminated due to Industrial pollution.
14. MPCB in its Affidavits has already given details of Ground Water Quality in and around MIDC Waluj. MPCB in its Affidavit dated 2nd January, 2014 presented the Water Quality data of the percolation tank in question, well and nalla and has concluded that the water quality is found exceeding the prescribed limit. Even in the Report on Action Plan referred above, MPCB has enclosed the water quality data and has concluded that the quality of water in percolation tank has been deteriorated. In fact, it is found from the report on Action plan that MPCB had even proposed to prepare remedial Action Plan.
15. Based on the above information and reports, including the independent agency, CGWB, we are of the opinion that the ground water and also the water in percolation tank is not meeting the required quality standard and therefore, the issue No.1 is answered in the "AFFIRMATIVE".
Issue No.2 :
16. The Ground Water is an important source of drinking water supply in rural area, particularly, with the uncertainty in Mansoon, the dependency on the ground water is increasing for the drinking water supply and other purposes (J) Application No.11(THC)/2013 12 including agriculture. Needless to say that protecting the ground water quality and controlling the pollution/contamination of the ground water is the necessity of hour. It is also to be noted that the ground water system is quite complex and once polluted, it is a Herculean task, even to assess the level and extent of pollution, even with the latest analytical and modeling techniques and therefore, it is utmost necessary to adopt the 'Precautionary principle' while dealing with the protection and conservation of the Ground Water Quality. Under these circumstances, it becomes necessary that adequate and prompt remedial measures should be planned and implemented for the said purpose. It is observed from the MPCB Report that MPCB has already identified need of such remedial measures and had also referred to the studies carried out by NEERI in the past. MPCB has mentioned in para 4.2.1 of the Report that the remediation plan will be prepared soon. We do not know whether such plan has been prepared or otherwise as no relevant documents are placed before the Tribunal.
17. Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) has also recommended an Action Plan to tackle Ground Water Pollution in the said area which is as under :
Based on the above conclusions, following recommendations/action plan is suggested to tackle the ground water pollution in the study area.
i) All the industries and MPCB shall ensure that the untreated effluent is not discharged in local (J) Application No.11(THC)/2013 13 nalas, which is leading to the pollution of surface and ground water.
ii) All the industries and MPCB shall ensure that their entire effluent is transported to CETP for treatment.
iii) The CETP shall be operated to its capacity and all the effluents generated by the industries shall be inadvertently brought to the CETP for treatment and ultimate discharge in Khamb River.
iv) The industries and MPCB shall ensure operation and maintenance of existing CETP so as to achieve the consented standards particularly for DO, TDS, Chloride and Chromium etc.
v) The removal of color in the CETP should be ensured by the industry and MPCB.
vi) The Industries shall stop all the seepages/leakages from all the industrial units and the transmission pipes till it reaches the CETP.
vii) The Industries shall increase green belt development as per CPCB guidelines in the area.
viii) Some of the industries like Amri India Pvt. Ltd.
(Respondent No.5) are having unused storage lagoons in their premises. These and other such unused lagoons should be identified and they should be filled withlocal day or other impervious material to avoid further contamination of ground water due to natural recharge.
ix) If the size of lagoons is too big to be lined then the same may be filled with local clay and the industry shall undertake "phyto Remediation" technique in consultation with NEERI or other Expert Educational Institute to minimize the contamination of water and soil.
x) The Industries shall regularly monitor water quality of CETP outlet and discharge point at Khamb River. The results of the water quality shall be submitted to MPCB for monitoring/scrutiny on monthly basis. In addition to the above for aquifer remediation and monitoring of ground water levels and quality following measures are also recommended.
xi) Aquifer Remediation for improving ground water quality : A thorough site
characterization and risk assessment is (J) Application No.11(THC)/2013 14 required, when the groundwater contamination is confirmed and remedial action is deemed necessary. The most common physical and chemical remediation technologies available are artificial recharge, pump and treat, Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT), bio and phyto-remediation etc.
xii) Aquifer Remediation Report and implementation Plan : Using just one technology may not be adequate to remediate contaminated sites with different contaminates and complex site conditions. Under such situations, different technologies are used sequentially or concurrently along with the primary treatment technology to achieve the remedial goals. A comprehensive report and implementation plan including the hydro geological and hydro chemical inputs needs to be prepared considering the local hydro geological and climatologically features. For this purpose, expert or group of experts having thorough knowledge of the available technologies and will be better equipped to utilize proper judgment for the decisions regarding the remediation of contaminated sites. Such report shall be prepared by the Industry through NABET accredited Consultant and submitted to competent/regulatory authority for technical evaluation.
xiii) Ground Water Levels and Quality Monitoring Mechanism : The ground water levels and quality shall be regularly monitored by the industry by establishing about 20 representative Key Observation Wells (i.e. dugwells and borewells) or even more depending on the need for shallow and deeper aquifers in the ground water polluted/affected areas. The density and distribution of KOW's shall be decided based on the above Aquifer Remediation Report and implementation Plan. The ground water levels and quality shall be monitored two (2) times during the water year i.e. during the pre-monsoon (May) and post- monsoon (November) season for all their major parameters including the heavy metals mentioned in the drinking water standards of BIS, 2012. The results of the water sample analysis and water level data shall be submitted to competent/regulatory authority for monitoring/scrutiny.(J) Application No.11(THC)/2013 15
18. It is therefore, necessary that the remedial measures need to be taken as per procedure given by the CGWB. We note that MPCB has a mandate for formulation of such Action plan and seek execution thereof, under the provisions of Section 17 (1) (a) of the Water (P&CP) Act, 1974, which is as under :
A) To plan a comprehensive programme for the prevention, control or abatement of pollution of streams or wells in State and to secure the execution thereof. Said Boards also have necessary powers for the abatement of the pollution under Sections 30 and 32, as the case may be.
19. Accordingly, the issue No.2 is answered in Affirmative, with further direction that MPCB needs to formulate and execute such ground water quality remedial action plan, based on recommendations of CGWB. Issue No.3 :
20. Thus, this is a case where the ground water in and around village Ranjangaon Shenpunji is contaminated/polluted due to the mismanaged and inadequate Treated Industrial discharges from the industries in Waluj area. It is already on record that the well water and also the percolation tank water is not meeting the desired irrigation water quality standards and therefore, the local residents have suffered directly or indirectly due to the losses caused by Ground Water Pollution. The Respondents- (J) Application No.11(THC)/2013 16 industries have taken a stand that they have provided necessary pollution control systems and operating the same within the parameters defined by MPCB. Some industries have also taken a stand that this ground water pollution may be due to industrial discharges over a long period of about 15 to 20 years i.e legacy discharges, and some of the industries claim to be in-operation only for a short time. During the arguments, it was also indicated that in the absence of CETP, individual units were treating their effluents and discharging it on land for irrigation. And, therefore, though individual units were operating within prescribed norms, the cumulative impacts could have been responsible. Therefore, the stand of industries is that the MIDC which was required to provide CETP should also be part of this Application. We are aware of such scenario and are of the opinion that these industries can not shirk their responsibility and are liable for implementing ground water remedial action plan as and when formulated. The issues raised by these industries could only be relevant in terms of equitable distribution of cost that can be imposed on the industries towards the remedial measures. It is matter of record that the ground water remedial measures involve significant costs and necessarily such costs need to be paid by concerned industries. This is a fit case where the (J) Application No.11(THC)/2013 17 principle of 'Polluter's pay' can be applied besides principle of 'Sustainable development' and Precautionary principle.
21. The Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of "Indian Council For Enviro Legal Vrs. Union of India and Ors., 1996 AIR 1446-SCC(3)212" has dealt with the similar issues. The Hon'ble Supreme Court in the "Oleum Gas Leak case, has ruled that :
"We would therefore hold that where an enterprise is engaged in a hazardous or inherently dangerous activity and harm results to anyone on account of an accident in the operation of such hazardous or inherently dangerous activity resulting for example, in escape of toxic gas the enterprise is strictly and absolutely liable to compensate all those who are affected by the accident and such liability is not subject to any of the exceptions which operate vis- à-vis the tortuous principle of strict liability under the rule in Ryland Vrs. Fletcher (supra).
"We would also like to point out that the measure of compensation in the kind of cases referred to in the preceding paragraph must be correlated to the magnitude and capacity of the enterprise because such compensation must have a deterrent effect. The larger and more prosperous the entire, greater must be the amount of compensation payable by it for the harm caused on account of an accident in the carrying on of the hazardous or inherently dangerous activity by the enterprise"
22. Once the law in "Oleum Gas Leak case" and also "Indian Counsel for Enviro Legal Vrs. Union of India (Bichhri case), invite of the above discussion, the industries in MIDC Waluj area in the catchments of the wells and percolation tank referred above are absolutely liable to compensate for the harm caused by them to the villagers in (J) Application No.11(THC)/2013 18 the affected area, to the soil and to the ground water. The issue No.3 is accordingly settled in "AFFIRMATIVE".
23. We may take a brief survey of settled legal position in the context of pollution of water bodies. The Apex Court in "Tirupur Dyeing Factory Owners Vrs. Noyyal River A. Protection Association & Others, 2009 (9) S.C.C. 739" in which the Apex Courts took survey of the relevant case law viz. :
(i) Indian Council for Enviro Legal Action and Ors. Vrs. Union of India (UOI) and Ors. (1996) 3 S.C.C. 212.
(ii) Vellore Citizens' Welfare Forum Vrs. Union of India (1996) 5 S.C.C. 647
(iii) People's Union for Civil Liberties Vrs. Union of India, (1997) 3 S.C.C. 433 : (1997) SCC (Cri) 434.
(iv) A.P. Pollution Control Board Vrs. Prof. M.V. Nayudu, (1999) 2 SCC 212.
(v) M.C. Mehta Vrs. Union of India, (2009) 12 SCC 118.
24. The Apex Court held that the Members of "Tirupur Dyeing Factory Owners Association" caused unabated pollution on account of discharging the Industrial effluents into Noyyal river to the extent, that the water of the river was neither fit for irrigation nor potable. It is observed :
"They cannot escape the responsibility to meet out the expenses of reversing the ecology. They are bound to meet the expenses of removing the sludge of the river and also for cleaning the dam. The principles of "polluter pays" and "precautionary principle" have to be read with the doctrine of "sustainable development". It becomes the responsibility of the members of the appellant Association that they have (J) Application No.11(THC)/2013 19 to carry out their industrial activities without polluting the water"
25. The facts of the present case would show that legal position considered and made applicable in case of "Tirupur Dying Factory Owners Association" (supra) is applicable herein also. There is no escape from conclusion that the industries in Waluj MIDC area are liable to pay damages caused due to the water pollution, restore the environment and ensure that there shall be no further pollution in the river wells due to discharging of industrial effluent of the units run by the Industries.
26. The next step in such accountability is identification of the industries. We are sure that MPCB as regularity organization must be having sufficient data about the industries in operation in the said time frame, their effluent generation capacity, their effluent quality besides the compliance levels. In addition we will like to point out para 4.2.2. of the MPCB Report on the Action Plan which is based on NEERI Report and is reproduced below :
Innotech Ltd., Paschim Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Ariane Orgachem Pvt. Ltd. and Endurance Systems Pvt. Ltd. are not meeting the land disposal criteria with respect to EC, TDS, sodium, COD and BOD as prescribed by State and Central boards for pollution control. Industries like Paschim Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. and Ariane Orgachem Pvt. Ltd., are disposing their treated waste water in an unregulated manner on barren land without any plantation.
The wells downstream of Endurance system India Pvt. Ltd. namely W5 and W27 also showed high (J) Application No.11(THC)/2013 20 concentration of Cr. i.e. 7.86 mg. Lⁱ and 1.30 mg. L.₁ respectively. The concentration of Cr.Zn and Ni in the treated waste water of Aurangabad Electricals Pvt. Ltd. were 1.72, 69.0 and 99.65 mgL.ⁱ respectively. The high concentration of Cr.(2.16 mg.Lⁱ ) in W12 was observed which is in close proximity of Aurangabad Electricals Pvt. Ltd. the metals concentrations in the wells can be linked to the wastewater which is being disposed on land by these industries.
27. In addition MPCB has also defined out the remediation plan for the soil quality in para 4.1.7 in the Report which is reproduced below :
4.1.7. : Remedies for abatement, treatment and restoration of normal soil quality.
At present, as observed during visits to different industrial sites, indiscriminate disposal of wastewater on land is practiced. This has lead in deterioration of soil quality, groundwater pollution, damage to crops in nearby area and health problems to the local people who uses the groundwater. Therefore, the following recommendations are made:
1. Site-specific land application of wastewater needs to be adopted. Soil characteristics determine the amount of wastewater to be applied to the land. Hence, it is recommended before applying the wastewater, soil characteristics must be known.
2. The modeling studies indicate that the application rate of wastewater should be less than the average vertical hydraulic conductivity of soil to avoid ground water contamination due to leaching.
3. For land application, the characteristics of the wastewater determine the quality of wastewater and amount to be used on land. Each type of wastewater contains one or more constituents that limit its application. Treated wastewaters from industries like Innotech Pharma Ltd., Paschim Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Ariane Orgachem Pvt. Ltd. and Endurance Systems Pvt. Ltd are not meeting the land disposal criteria with respect to EC, TDS, sodium, COD and BOD as prescribed by State and Central boards for pollution control. They must follow the regulations strictly.
4. Industries like Paschim Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. and Ariane Orgachem Pvt. Ltd., are disposing their treated (J) Application No.11(THC)/2013 21 wastewater in an unregulated manner on barren land without any plantation. To avoid further deterioration of soil and groundwater qualities, effective utilization of treated wastewater for plantation should be done at wastewater disposal sites after meeting the land disposal criteria.
Therefore, it is recommended to establish a CETP with appropriate unit operations and process which can produce effluent suitable in all respects for land disposal.
5. Some of the industries are not meeting the criteria of wastewater disposal on land and also companies are disposing their effluent unscientifically and undiscriminately, the current land disposal practices should be stopped immediately. Hence, to avoid further contamination, CETP at Waluj MIDC, Aurangabad should be made operational at the earliest.
6. The soil's capacity to use, retain, or reduce the undesirable effects of wastewater varies significantly according to the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil and the characteristics of the wastewater. Thus, the development of a land treatment system must be tailored to the characteristics of the specific site and the specific wastewater. Industries like Garware Polyester Ltd., Wockhardt Biotech Park Ltd., Innotech Pharma Ltd., Paschim Chemical Pvt. Ltd., Ariane Orgachem Ltd., Fosters India Ltd., and Aurangabad Breweries Ltd. possess different types of soil and hence have different soil characteristics. Recommended hydraulic loading (quantity and schedule) of wastewater should be carefully implemented by these industries to avoid further deterioration of soils.
7. Based on lysimeter studies, it is recommended that the treated wastewater having BOD load of 30 and 60 mg/L can be disposed on land with suitable plantation at optimum hydraulic loading of 150 m3/ha/day during pre monsoon and 125 m3/ha/day during post monsoon respectively.
8. It is also recommended that the plant growth was the best among all treatments with the composite treated wastewater having BOD load of 30 mg/L. Hence, this is more suitable for land application.
9. Groundwater studies at Vittawa and Ranjangaon areas, which are in the vicinity of MIDC, Waluj and percolation tank showed that dug wells, bore wells and hand pumps in and around were severely polluted. The percolation tank (stagnant water reservoir) is nearer to (J) Application No.11(THC)/2013 22 the cluster of industries such as Lilason Industries Ltd., Innotech Pharma Ltd., Aurangabad Breweries Ltd., Paschim Chemicals Pvt. Ltd., Ariane Orgachem Pvt. Ltd. and Endurance system India Pvt. Ltd.. The wastewaters from these industries move to percolation tank through seepage and contaminate the water in percolation tank which acts as a groundwater recharge source. This might be the cause of groundwater pollution of nearby areas. To avoid further groundwater pollution, the percolation tank (stagnant water reservoir) should be filled.
10. Wastewater disposal sites of industries like, Garware Polyester Ltd., Wockhardt Biotech Park Ltd., Innotech Pharma Ltd., Paschim Chemical Pvt. Ltd., Ariane Orgachem Ltd., Fosters India Ltd., and Aurangabad Breweries Ltd. are severely polluted due to continuous wastewater application and are need to remediation/reclamation.
11. The lysimeter investigations for assessing the feasibility of the wastewater application on land need to be performed to assess the amount of wastewater to be applied at a specific site.
12. Land disposal sites should be monitored regularly to assess the soil and groundwater quality in the area.
13. Each of the alternatives discussed above can go wrong if a site-specific waste management and monitoring programme is not implemented. The results of monitoring must be reviewed periodically and the management plan may be modified, if necessary.
28. MPCB in para 4.2.5 of the said action has noted. :
Treatment and management of contaminated ground water bodies etc. Waste water disposal sites of industries like, Garware Polyester Ltd., Wockhardi Biotech Park Ltd., Innotech Pharma Ltd., Paschim Chemical Pvt.Ariane Orgachem Ltd., Fosters India Ltd., and Aurangabad Breweries Ltd. are severely polluted due to continuous waste water application and there is need for remediation/reclamation.
Ground water studies at Vittawa and Ranjangaon areas, which are in the vicinity of MIDC, Waluj and percolation tank showed that dug walls, bore wells and hand pumps in and around were severely polluted. The percolation tank (stagnant (J) Application No.11(THC)/2013 23 water reservoir) is nearer to the cluster of industries such as Lilason Industries Ltd., Innotech Pharma Ltd., Aurangabad Breweries Ltd., Paschim Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. The waste water from these industries moves to percolation tank through seepage and contaminate the water in percolation tank which acts as a ground water recharge source. This might be the cause of ground water pollution of nearby areas. To avoid further groundwater pollution, the percolation tank (stagnant water reservoir) should be filled. Industries will be directed to segregate high TDS streams and treat it separately.
29. Considering the above discussion, we find that MPCB has already prepared road map for implementation for remediation measures for the Ground Water Quality and the Soil Quality in the area under question. The only hurdle is absence of initiation of such Action Plan and we really don't know the reasons thereof. It is necessary that the MPCB shall revisit the remedial Action Plan, if prepared earlier, in line with CGWB Report and then finalise the remediation Action Plan.
30. It is placed on record that the MIDC Waluj area accommodates about 1520 Industrial units of which 316 are in highly polluting or red category. The CETP is in operation since 2012 which has a capacity of 10 MLD. As per the record the total generation of waste water in Waluj industrial area is 10.4 MLD or so. However, CGWB has reported that the CETP is in operation only with two (2) MLD capacity due to shortage of incoming effluents. CGWB has further reported that the CETP is also not discharging the desired quality of effluent. All these facts speak for (J) Application No.11(THC)/2013 24 themselves though not disclosed by MPCB. More than eight (8) MLD industrial effluent is still not reaching CETP and being discharged either on land or in nalas with or without treatment. These facts demonstrate that enforcement levels in MIDC Waluj are not to the desirable level. When the matter was taken up by the Tribunal, MPCB observed some non compliances and actions were initiated. We hope that such actions are not for the sake of Tribunal proceedings and consistent enforcement measures are taken by MPCB. During such inspections, MPCB found M/s. Endurance System discharging Chrome Bearing effluent outside premises and has issued directions of closure against the industry. The industry has also filed M.A. No. 145/2014 in connection with such closure with a prayer to direct MPCB to give hearing before restart. What we found interesting is that this industry has also been identified as source of pollution by NEERI as reported in MPCB's Report. In fact, there are serious observations regarding the Chrome content in the Ground water in wells in the vicinity of these industries. In spite of all such previous record, such industries continue to discharge highly toxic effluent bearing Chrome, into the environment which shows the apathy, these industries have towards the environmental protection. We are, therefore, not inclined to accept any request for expeditious hearing by MPCB and we leave it to Member (J) Application No.11(THC)/2013 25 Secretary MPCB to ensure that all pollution control systems are in place and are capable of meeting standards at all times and any other safeguards which he will like to rely upon, including independent expert appraisal, before considering such restart. However, the industry is at liberty to challenge such order of closure or such directions given by MPCB, as per the legal avenues available to them, if deemed fit and necessary. The MA 145/2014 is accordingly disposed of.
31. In the result, we allow the Application with following directions issued under Section 14, 15 read with 20 of National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 :
(I) MPCB shall devise remedial action plan for the ground water quality and soil water quality as identified in NEERI/CGWB report. MPCB may take help of NEERI to formulate such action plan and identify the cost thereof within next four (4) months.
(II) MPCB shall thereafter execute such remedial action plan with the assistance of MIDC, GSDA and other authorities as deem necessary in close co-ordination with the District Collector, within next one (1) year or the time frame as suggested by the Expert Agency like NEERI. (III) MPCB shall recover the costs of the remedial measures based on equitable distribution and Polluter's Pay principle from the responsible industries in the catchments of such contaminated wells/aquifers as identified by the CGWB/NEERI.
(IV) MPCB shall prepare such report identifying the industries and their proposed contribution, may be in the percentage of overall cost basis for further orders from the Tribunal in next three (3) months.(J) Application No.11(THC)/2013 26
(V) MPCB shall also utilize the amount of Bank guarantees forfeited from the industries in Waluj Industrial area for the said purpose, for initiating the works referred above. (VI) The industries listed in NEERI/MPCB report i.e. Innotech Pharma Ltd., Paschim Chemicals Pvt.
Ltd. and Endurnce System Pvt. Ltd., Aurangabad Electrical shall deposit initial amount of Rs.5 lacs each with MPCB towards such remedial action plan.
(VII) MPCB shall ensure that the industries in MIDC, Waluj area and CETP achieve the desired effluent, quality by issuing suitable directions and the same shall be achieved in a period not more than three (3) months. In case, such compliance is not attained in 3 months by individual industries and in 6 months by CETP, then MPCB shall take stringent legal action against the non-complying industries. (VIII) MPCB shall pay the costs of Rs.10,000/- (Rs.
Ten thousand) to be paid to the National Environmental Relief Fund, in view of non production of their own action plan and also the NEERI Report in the proceedings.
(IX) MIDC shall continue to provide water for domestic purposes in villages/localities, located in the eastern stretch starting from north Ranjangaon Shenpunji to south Shivrai, where ground water quality deterioration is reported by CGWB, till such remedial action plan is implemented and the ground water quality is fit for drinking purpose, as per norms.
Application is disposed of.
....................................,JM (Justice V. R. Kingaonkar) .................................., EM (Dr. Ajay. A. Deshpande) Dt/- 24th September 2014 (J) Application No.11(THC)/2013 27


What is your admissions philosophy?
Parents and schools share the same goal in admissions; both parties want to ensure a good fit between the child and the educational environment. The admissions procedure at Pierrepont is designed to present parents with honest information about our curriculum and our values as a community. Our hope is to give each applicant and parent a clear picture of the educational experience they can expect to have in our school.
How do you determine which students would be a good fit for Pierrepont?
Admissions decisions are based on all information gathered from the application and interview process. We consider school records, testing, our interview, and school visit to determine which candidates would thrive in our school.
Do you have open houses or tours?
We do not have open house events at Pierrepont. We do have parent tours each Thursday from October to the end of January. The Head of School or the Associate Head of School leads parent tours. During a tour, the parents of prospective applicants will have an opportunity to view classes, ask questions and meet some of the faculty.
Are there specific entry grades for new students?
No, but please see below.
Do you admit high school students?
We will consider freshman candidates in special circumstances, but in general, the difficulty of integrating older students into our curriculum precludes high school admissions. By the time they reach high school most Pierrepont students have studied Latin, Greek and Mandarin Chinese for several years and are at least a grade level ahead in mathematics and science; therefore, it is not always possible to place incoming high school students within our existing groups.
Do you require standardized testing for admission?
Students entering K-3 do not need to submit standardized test scores. Students applying for fourth grade and above must submit their results from the CMT, ISEE, and/or ERB.
What are the tuition fees for 2014 – 2015?
Year of Birth Tuition
2003 – 2009 $37,920
1996 – 2002 $39,970
Do you offer financial aid?
Yes, Pierrepont offers need-based financial aid to students. Please download our application packet for more information on our financial aid policy and procedure. The financial aid deadline is February 15, 2015.
What are Pierrepont’s school hours?
The school opens at 8:00 am Monday through Friday.
Classes are held 8:30-3:25 Monday through Friday.
Afterschool activities are from 3:25-4:10 Monday through Thursday.
What is the average class size?
7
At what age does foreign language study begin?
Most Pierrepont students begin foreign language study at age nine.
What languages do you offer?
We offer Latin, Ancient Greek and Mandarin Chinese to students beginning at age nine. French is offered in high school only.
At what age does standardized testing begin?
We administer the ERB CTP4 once a year starting in the spring of each student’s fourth grade year and continue until the student reaches eighth grade.
What arts classes do you offer?
Arts classes are fully integrated into the school day. All Pierrepont students study music, studio art, dance and theater in addition to their academic classes.
Do you have a sports program?
Though we have no organized sports programs at Pierrepont, our students take advantage of our blacktop playground and engage in high spirited, student-run football and soccer tournaments. Many of our younger students also take advantage of local sports programs outside of school. Our focused athletes compete at high levels in a variety of club, premiere and academy programs in soccer, lacrosse, water polo, tennis, karate and rowing.
What extracurricular activities do you offer?
We currently offer calligraphy, robotics, choreography, poetry, chess, math club, chamber singers, children’s chorus, computer science, and community service club.


--- layout: default lang: en permalink: /mexico/about-mexico-car-insurance-pros.html alternate_en: /mexico/about-mexico-car-insurance-pros.html alternate_mx: /mx/acerca-de-mexpro.html published: true body_class: about title: Mexpro Made Mexican Insurance Online a Thing! | Mexpro excerpt: Since 1999 Mexpro's team of licensed, bilingual, highly experienced professionals have served more than 1-million customers with top rated insurers because we had a vision. ---
Jim and Andrea Labelle began Mexpro in their basement in 1999. Jim was essentially born into the insurance industry, as his father owned a prominent business in Scottsdale, Arizona. He had a strong understanding of the need for being insured with a quality [A-rated] insurance company when an accident occurs.
Andrea, always on the cutting edge of things, knew the internet was taking off and understood exactly what kind of quality product Jim was conceptualizing. She knew an online product was what they needed to do.
Jim's experience and Andrea's drive got them appointments with Mexico's top insurance companies. Before long, those companies were serving Mexpro's customers (now over 1 million) with bilingual policies, claims personnel and adjusters. All with the best quality coverage and the ease of purchasing online.
We chose to work with several insurance companies so we could allow you to choose the best coverage at a price you would be comfortable with. Our insurers provide the most competitive choices in coverage, pricing, and most importantly, financial stability. All our insurers are A-rated by A.M. Best and have a strong history of paying claims.
We have a wealth of experience in the insurance business, beginning with our founders, who started Mexpro with 20 years in the industry. Mexpro's agents have numerous professional designations including CIC (Certified Insurance Counselor), CISR (Certified Insurance Service Representative). And, some of us are former employees of the world's largest insurance companies and brokerages.
Most of our staff of 25 employees have been employed with us for 10 years or more. We pride ourselves in a team who provides the highest level of service and are experts in Mexico auto insurance because at Mexpro, THE CUSTOMER ALWAYS COMES FIRST.
Mexpro's patented quoting system was created in-house via a brilliant staff of programmers. All our IT people stay on the cutting edge in their area of expertise to be sure we meet all your needs. Whether it be finding what you need on our website or quickly getting a quote and policy, we are here to serve you.
Our website and quote forms are SSL (Secure Socket Layer) encrypted and we never keep your credit card information. Our systems are secure so you don’t have to worry about buying online with Mexpro.
Mexpro was recently purchased by NFP, one of the Nation's leading insurance brokerages and consulting companies. Their dedication to customers and employees, as well as their mission of being honest and authentic, follows our business model and is a perfect fit.
ABSOLUTELY LOVE the ease of getting my trip insurance on your site. I am a regular customer and thanks for the convenience.
Chet Chetkauskas
Surprise, Arizona
We purchased insurance from you for a recent Mexico trip, including Mex-Visit travel assist. When our car broke down I called the 800 number and a tow truck was called for us, which came in about an hour. The driver took us to a great mechanic who fixed the problem immediately, at a very reasonable price. Less than four hours after breaking down, we were back on the road and continued safely to our destination. I don't know what we would have done without your assistance. Thank-you. The insurance representative was very helpful &reassuring at a time when I was nervous about being stranded.
Betsy
GREAT SERVICE, FAST AND AT A GOOD PRICE. THANK YOU!
Mircea Buzila
Youngtown, Arizona


Located in /Types/Command.php (line 2)
IRCBot_Types_Response | --IRCBot_Types_Command
The bot id that belongs to the command
Documentation generated on Wed, 04 Jan 2012 16:59:21 +0100 by phpDocumentor 1.4.4


Test purpose
- Create a resizable Stack artefact containing an Element artefact
- Create hook functions for the Element that will be invoked as the Stack dimensions are changed
- Check that appropriate hooks are fired, and the Element updated, in response to changes in the Stack's dimensions - five states ('banner', 'landscape', 'rectangle', 'portrait', 'skyscraper') should be viewable as the Stack corner is dragged horizontally right (and up) and then diagonally down/left
Touch test: canvas should be resizable
Annotated code


Handles to derived datatypes can be passed to a communication call wherever a
datatype argument is required.
A call of the form MPI_SEND(buf, count, datatype, ...), where
, is interpreted as if the call was passed a new datatype
which is the
concatenation of count copies of datatype.
Thus,
MPI_SEND(buf, count, datatype, dest, tag, comm) is equivalent to,
MPI_TYPE_CONTIGUOUS(count, datatype, newtype) MPI_TYPE_COMMIT(newtype) MPI_SEND(buf, 1, newtype, dest, tag, comm) MPI_TYPE_FREE(newtype).Similar statements apply to all other communication functions that have a count and datatype argument.
Suppose that a send operation MPI_SEND(buf, count, datatype, dest, tag, comm) is executed, where datatype has type map,
{(type0, disp0),...,(typen-1, dispn-1)},
and extent extent. (Explicit lower bound and upper bound markers are not listed in the type map, but they affect the value of extent.) The send operation sends entries, where entry i · n + j is at location
and has type typej, for and j = 0 ,..., n-1. These entries need not be contiguous, nor distinct; their order can be arbitrary.
The variable stored at address addri,j in the calling program should be of a type that matches typej, where type matching is defined as in Section Type Matching Rules . The message sent contains entries, where entry i · n +j has type typej.
Similarly, suppose that a receive operation MPI_RECV(buf, count, datatype, source, tag, comm, status) is executed, where datatype has type map, {(type0, disp0) ,...,(typen-1, dispn-1) }, with extent extent. (Again, explicit lower bound and upper bound markers are not listed in the type map, but they affect the value of extent.) This receive operation receives entries, where entry i · n + j is at location
and has type typej. If the incoming message consists of k elements, then we must have ; the i · n + j-th element of the message should have a type that matches typej.
Type matching is defined according to the type signature of the corresponding datatypes, that is, the sequence of basic type components. Type matching does not depend on some aspects of the datatype definition, such as the displacements (layout in memory) or the intermediate types used.
Example
This example shows that type matching is defined in terms of
the basic types that a derived type consists of.
... CALL MPI_TYPE_CONTIGUOUS(2, MPI_REAL, type2, ...) CALL MPI_TYPE_CONTIGUOUS(4, MPI_REAL, type4, ...) CALL MPI_TYPE_CONTIGUOUS(2, type2, type22, ...) ... CALL MPI_SEND(a, 4, MPI_REAL, ...) CALL MPI_SEND(a, 2, type2, ...) CALL MPI_SEND(a, 1, type22, ...) CALL MPI_SEND(a, 1, type4, ...) ... CALL MPI_RECV(a, 4, MPI_REAL, ...) CALL MPI_RECV(a, 2, type2, ...) CALL MPI_RECV(a, 1, type22, ...) CALL MPI_RECV(a, 1, type4, ...)Each of the sends matches any of the receives.
A datatype may specify overlapping entries. The use of such a datatype in a receive operation is erroneous. (This is erroneous even if the actual message received is short enough not to write any entry more than once.)
Suppose that MPI_RECV(buf, count, datatype, dest, tag, comm, status) is executed, where datatype has type map, {(type0, disp0) ,...,(typen-1, dispn-1) }. The received message need not fill all the receive buffer, nor does it need to fill a number of locations which is a multiple of n. Any number, k, of basic elements can be received, where . The number of basic elements received can be retrieved from status using the query functions MPI_GET_ELEMENTS or MPI_GET_ELEMENTS_X.
| MPI_GET_ELEMENTS(status, datatype, count) | |
| IN status | return status of receive operation (Status) |
| IN datatype | datatype used by receive operation (handle) |
| OUT count | number of received basic elements (integer) |
int MPI_Get_elements(const MPI_Status *status, MPI_Datatype datatype, int *count)
MPI_Get_elements(status, datatype, count, ierror)
TYPE(MPI_Status), INTENT(IN) :: status
TYPE(MPI_Datatype), INTENT(IN) :: datatype
INTEGER, INTENT(OUT) :: count
INTEGER, OPTIONAL, INTENT(OUT) :: ierror
MPI_GET_ELEMENTS(STATUS, DATATYPE, COUNT, IERROR)
INTEGER STATUS(MPI_STATUS_SIZE), DATATYPE, COUNT, IERROR
| MPI_GET_ELEMENTS_X(status, datatype, count) | |
| IN status | return status of receive operation (Status) |
| IN datatype | datatype used by receive operation (handle) |
| OUT count | number of received basic elements (integer) |
int MPI_Get_elements_x(const MPI_Status *status, MPI_Datatype datatype, MPI_Count *count)
MPI_Get_elements_x(status, datatype, count, ierror)
TYPE(MPI_Status), INTENT(IN) :: status
TYPE(MPI_Datatype), INTENT(IN) :: datatype
INTEGER(KIND=MPI_COUNT_KIND), INTENT(OUT) :: count
INTEGER, OPTIONAL, INTENT(OUT) :: ierror
MPI_GET_ELEMENTS_X(STATUS, DATATYPE, COUNT, IERROR)
INTEGER STATUS(MPI_STATUS_SIZE), DATATYPE, IERROR
INTEGER(KIND=MPI_COUNT_KIND) COUNT
The datatype argument should match the argument provided by the receive call that set the status variable. For both functions, if the OUT parameter cannot express the value to be returned (e.g., if the parameter is too small to hold the output value), it is set to MPI_UNDEFINED.
The previously defined function MPI_GET_COUNT (Section Return Status ), has a different behavior. It returns the number of ``top-level entries'' received, i.e. the number of ``copies'' of type datatype. In the previous example, MPI_GET_COUNT may return any integer value k, where . If MPI_GET_COUNT returns k, then the number of basic elements received (and the value returned by MPI_GET_ELEMENTS or MPI_GET_ELEMENTS_X) is n · k. If the number of basic elements received is not a multiple of n, that is, if the receive operation has not received an integral number of datatype ``copies,'' then MPI_GET_COUNT sets the value of count to MPI_UNDEFINED.
Example
Usage of MPI_GET_COUNT and
MPI_GET_ELEMENTS.
... CALL MPI_TYPE_CONTIGUOUS(2, MPI_REAL, Type2, ierr) CALL MPI_TYPE_COMMIT(Type2, ierr) ... CALL MPI_COMM_RANK(comm, rank, ierr) IF (rank.EQ.0) THEN CALL MPI_SEND(a, 2, MPI_REAL, 1, 0, comm, ierr) CALL MPI_SEND(a, 3, MPI_REAL, 1, 0, comm, ierr) ELSE IF (rank.EQ.1) THEN CALL MPI_RECV(a, 2, Type2, 0, 0, comm, stat, ierr) CALL MPI_GET_COUNT(stat, Type2, i, ierr) ! returns i=1 CALL MPI_GET_ELEMENTS(stat, Type2, i, ierr) ! returns i=2 CALL MPI_RECV(a, 2, Type2, 0, 0, comm, stat, ierr) CALL MPI_GET_COUNT(stat, Type2, i, ierr) ! returns i=MPI_UNDEFINED CALL MPI_GET_ELEMENTS(stat, Type2, i, ierr) ! returns i=3 END IF
The functions MPI_GET_ELEMENTS and MPI_GET_ELEMENTS_X can also be used after a probe to find the number of elements in the probed message. Note that the MPI_GET_COUNT, MPI_GET_ELEMENTS, and MPI_GET_ELEMENTS_X return the same values when they are used with basic datatypes as long as the limits of their respective count arguments are not exceeded.
Rationale.
The extension given to the definition of MPI_GET_COUNT seems
natural: one would expect this function to return the value of the
count argument, when the receive buffer is filled.
Sometimes datatype represents
a basic unit of data one wants to transfer,
for example, a record in an array of records (structures).
One should be able to find out how many components were received
without bothering to divide by the number of elements in each
component. However, on other occasions, datatype is used to
define a complex layout of data in the receiver memory, and does not represent
a basic unit of data for transfers. In such cases, one needs to use
the function MPI_GET_ELEMENTS or MPI_GET_ELEMENTS_X.
( End of rationale.)
Advice
to implementors.
The definition implies that a receive cannot change the value of
storage outside the entries defined to compose the communication
buffer.
In particular, the definition implies that padding space in a structure
should not be modified when such a structure is copied from one process to
another. This would
prevent the obvious optimization of copying the structure, together
with the padding, as one contiguous block.
The implementation is free to do this optimization when it does not
impact the outcome of the computation.
The user can ``force'' this optimization by explicitly including
padding as part of the message.
( End of advice to implementors.)


DiskShadow.exe is a tool that exposes the functionality offered by the Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS). By default, DiskShadow uses an interactive command interpreter similar to that of DiskRAID or DiskPart. DiskShadow also includes a scriptable mode.
Note
Membership in the local Administrators group, or equivalent, is the minimum required to run DiskShadow.
For examples of how to use DiskShadow commands, see Examples.
Syntax
For interactive mode, type the following at the command prompt to start the DiskShadow command interpreter:
diskshadow
For script mode, type the following, where script.txt is a script file containing DiskShadow commands:
diskshadow -s script.txt
DiskShadow commands
You can run the following commands in the DiskShadow command interpreter or through a script file:
Parameter Description
Set1 Sets the context, options, verbose mode, and metadata file for creating shadow copies.
Simulate restore Tests writer involvement in restore sessions on the computer without issuing PreRestore or PostRestore events to writers.
Load metadata Loads a metadata .cab file prior to importing a transportable shadow copy or loads the writer metadata in the case of a restore.
Writer Verifies that a writer or component is included or excludes a writer or component from the backup or restore procedure.
Add2 Adds volumes to the set of volumes that are to be shadow copied, or adds aliases to the alias environment.
Create2 Starts the shadow copy creation process, using the current context and option settings.
Exec Executes a file on the local computer.
Begin backup Starts a full backup session.
End backup Ends a full backup session and issues a BackupComplete event with the appropriate writer state, if needed.
Begin restore Starts a restore session and issues a PreRestore event to involved writers.
End restore Ends a restore session and issues a PostRestore event to involved writers.
Reset Resets DiskShadow to the default state.
List2 Lists writers, shadow copies, or currently registered shadow copy providers that are on the system.
Delete shadows Deletes shadow copies.
Import1 Imports a transportable shadow copy from a loaded metadata file into the system.
Mask Removes hardware shadow copies that were imported by using the import command.
Expose Exposes a persistent shadow copy as a drive letter, share, or mount point.
Unexpose Unexposes a shadow copy that was exposed by using the expose command.
Break2 Disassociates a shadow copy volume from VSS.
Revert Reverts a volume back to a specified shadow copy.
Exit2 Exits DiskShadow.


- Interests
Variational Theory,Optimization,Bayesian ML, Probablitic Graphical Models, Differential Geometry, Manifold Learning,Reinforcement Learning, Multi Arm Bandits,Statistical Learning Theory,Graph Theory, Randomized Algorithms, Approxiamtion Algorithms,Networks & Game Theory, Economics & Computation.
3D Reconstruction, Scalable Systems, Computer Vision, Deep Learning.
- Research Projects
- Baler Weights Variation in PBR Plant:
- Designed a Prototype of low cost "Feedback System" for reduction of weight variation caused during the opening and closing of baler gates
- Analysed Load cell architecture and operating, frequency ranges and recommended cost effective solutions which after implementation reduced the variation from 350gm to 150 gm exceeding the standard efficiency of Baler Corp.
- ARMS-Robotic Arm Sleeves:
- Interfaced EMG sensors and IMU with a robotic arm using Xigbee protocol and Atmega 16 microcontroller for mimicing the human arm movements.(group project)
- Sanjeevani:
- Conceptualized and designed a prototype of a product which is made by bringing all kinds of card tests in one compact machine to detect conditions of diseases.(group project)


Integer posuere erat a ante.


Created by John Robison
Creating a subset from a collection where the order of selection does not matter.
This is also known as the Binomial Coefficient.
\[ {n\choose k} = \frac{n!}{k!(n - k)!} \]
While playing poker, you wonder how many possible hands you could possibly be dealt. You know that a standard deck contains 52 cards and your hand holds 5 cards. Each card is distinct and your hand can be rearranged, so the order is unimportant.
\[ {52\choose 5} = \frac{52!}{5!(52 - 5)!} \]
Plugging this into your favorite calculator or REPL shows that there are 2,598,960 possible hands
Creating a subset from a collection where the order of selection does matter.
\[ _{n}P_{k} = \frac{n!}{(n - k)!} \]
Buff, being the studmuffin he is, has many adoring fans. One such fan wants to make a shrine to Buff with a 3 picture frame using photos from their Buff folder containing 200 pictures. How many ways can these pictures be placed in this picture frame?
\[ _{200}P_{3} = \frac{200!}{(200 - 3)!} \]
Plugging this into your favorite calculator or REPL shows that there are 7,880,400 possible ways to worship everyone's favorite boy
Really obscure number sets that always seem to creep up in competitons as the 'easy' solution to a problem.
\[ C_{n} = \frac{1}{n + 1} {2n\choose n} = \frac{(2n)!}{(n + 1)!n!} = \prod_{k = 2}^n\frac{n + k}{k} for \ n \ge 0 \]
1
1
2
5
14
42
132
429
1430
4862
16798
...
The people who make the problems said so.
A Dyck Word is a string consisting of n X's and n Y's such that no initial segment of the string has more Y's than X's. The count of the Dyck words for a string of length 2n is Cn.
XXXYYY XYXXYY XYXYXY XXYYXY XXYXYY.

\[ Maximum\ Load = \frac{log\ n}{log\ log\ n} (1 + o(1)) \]
Or how Python is once again the superior language.
itertools.combinations("ABCDEFG", 3)
itertools.combinations_with_replacement("ABCDEFG", 3)
itertools.permutations("ABCDEFG", 3)
itertools.count(10, 2)
itertools.cycle("ABCD")
itertools.repeat(10, 3)


WITNESS LIST Finance Committee September 21, 2004 - 9:00A Article IV FOR: Waldrep, Bridget Budget Analyst (State Commission on Judicial Conduct), Austin, TX ON: Bethke, James D. Director, Task Force on Indigent Defense (Office of Court Administration), Austin, TX Bowman, Glenna Chief Financial Officer (Office of Court Administration), Austin, TX Chapa, Robert Budget Manager (Comptroller of Public Accounts), Austin, TX DeBottis, Gina Chief Prosecutor (Special Prosecution Unit), Huntsville, TX Estrada, Marcelino A. Director (State Law Library), Austin, TX Gura, Ruth-Ellen Assistant District Attorney (Public Integrity Unit), Austin, TX Hamilton, Billy Deputy Comptroller (Comptroller of Public Accounts), Austin, TX Higgins, Leonard Comptroller Judiciary (Comptroller of Public Accounts), Austin, TX Jefferson, Wallace B. Chief Justice (Supreme Court of Texas), Austin, TX Keller, Sharon Presiding Judge (Court of Criminal Appeals), Austin, TX Key, Alicia Administrative Director (Office of Court Administration), Austin, TX Paul, Matthew Attorney (State Prosecuting Attorney's Office), Austin, TX Pearson, Michel Financial Analyst (Public Integrity Unit), Austin, TX Willing, Seana Executive Director (State Commission on Judicial Conduct), Austin, TX Willis, William L. Executive Assistant (Supreme Court of Texas), Austin, TX Providing written testimony: On: Lykos, Patricia R. Senior District Judge (Visiting Judge Program), Houston, TX Article VIII ON: Atkinson, Billy M. Presiding Officer (Board of Public Accountancy), Austin, TX Base, Garold R. Chairman (Credit Union Department), Austin, TX Bordelon, Rod Executive Director (Office of Public Insurance Counsel), Austin, TX Burnett, Dale Executive Director (Structural Pest Control Board), Austin, TX Cook, Paul D. Assistant Executive Director (Board of Professional Engineers), Austin, TX Farrow, Dale Beebe Executive Director (Board of Professional Engineers), Austin, TX Feeney, Harold E. Commissioner (Credit Union Department), Austin, TX Hendricks, Cathy L. Executive Director (Board of Architectural Examiners), Austin, TX Huerta, Melissa Chief Accountant (Board of Architectural Examiners), Austin, TX Kuntz, Jr., William H. Executive Director (Department of Licensing and Regulation), Austin, TX Landreth, Gordon Architect (Board of Architectural Examiners), Corpus Christi, TX Majek, Mark Director of Operations (Board of Nurse Examiners), Austin, TX Mariott, Glenda Commissioner (Residential Construction Commission), College Station, TX McClendon, Shannon K. (Board of Professional Engineers), Austin, TX Smith, Sandy Executive Director (Board of Professional Land Surveying), Austin, TX Thomas, Katherine A. Executive Director (Board of Nurse Examiners), Austin, TX Thomas, Stephen D. Executive Director (Residential Construction Commission), Austin, TX Thorburn, Wayne Administrator (Real Estate Commission), Austin, TX Treacy, William Executive Director (Board of Public Accountancy), Austin, TX Turner, Douglas W. Land Surveyor (Board of Professional Land Surveying), Houston, TX Registering, but not testifying: On: Eyeington, April L. Treasurer (Board of Public Accountancy), Bryan, TX Hermanson, Alan (Board of Public Accountancy), Austin, TX Mutscher, Jeff Director of Finance (Board of Professional Engineers), Austin, TX


Click on the Action Verbs in the following sentences.
1)
Jim
swims
in
the
pool
.
2)
We
watch
TV
every
night
.
3)
David
listens
to
music
in
the
afternoon
.
4)
Dad
leaves
for
work
at
8
o’clock
.
5)
Mom
needs
help
with
house
work
.
6)
Children
play
with
one
another
at
the
park
.
7)
Janet
drinks
her
milk
very
quickly
.
8)
A
mechanic
repairs
Sam’s
car
.
Submit


The SECURED architecture creates a
trusted and virtualized execution
environment allowing different actors (e.g. single users, corporate ICT
managers, network providers) to install on-demand and execute multiple
security applications on the network device to protect the traffic
of a specific user. This approach reduces the load onto the mobile
devices, guaranteeing enforcement of
user-specific and
device-independent
security policies, and uniform protection across different devices and
networks.
Transition mechanisms are also defined to support legacy network devices
and deploy this new technology incrementally. The proposed architecture
will be validated in corporate and individual environments, considering
various network settings (e.g. 3G/4G, WiFi, xDSL, corporate LAN).
The project targets citizens, network providers, and companies. The
latter will be able to enforce a company-wide
security policy not only
when the employee is connected to the corporate network but also when
she is
on the move (e.g. home network, 3G connection, airport WiFi).
SECURED will produce concrete results in the form of open specifications
and sample open-source implementations for:
- creation of trusted network security applications
- policy-based security configuration, with support for hierarchical and multi-source policies;
- security marketplace to trade applications and exchange best-practice
policies (useful to encourage adoption by non-skilled individuals or companies).
A uniform security environment will be created, independent of the user device and network connection, offering also protection for Internet-of-Things environments, where nodes typically have limited computational and communication capabilities (e.g. home appliances, sensor networks, or distributed critical infrastructures). In summary, the project will empower mobile users with better Internet security and enable different business models for network service providers and security application developers.
More explanations coming soon.


| DOSE: T+ 0:00 |
32 mg |
oral |
2C-T-2 |
(powder / crystals) |
| T+ 0:15 |
1 bowl |
smoked |
Cannabis |
(plant material) |
| T+ 5:00 |
3 bowls |
smoked |
Cannabis |
(plant material) |
This was perhaps my third time with 2c-t-2 (I say perhaps, because 3 times previously I had tried an unknown white powder that made me halucinate, certainly a 2c-x, but I strongly doubt it was 2c-t-2). I had previously tried it at dosages of 22 and 26 mg, with strong visuals each time.
T + 0:00 :Drink a 2mg/mL concentration of 2c-t-2 in vodka. I drink 16 ml; it tastes strongly chemical, drowning out the vodka flavor.
T + :15: Something is noticed; I have no visuals, but I am certainly altered. A bowl of high grade pot is smoked to ease the come-up.
T +:30: Definitely noticing a trip by now. I feel speedy, as though my muscles are tense. I feel like I should do something, so I find myself walking around the room, talking. Words flow with relative ease; not so easy as with cocaine, or mdma, but certainly easier than normal.
T + 1:30: Visuals are definitely noticed by now, with purple Persian rug patterns reported by all who are tripping. Tracers are prominent. The speedy feelings persist, and to calm ourselves, me, M, and S decide to talk a walk in a large park near my house. It is approximately 8 pm, so it is dark.
T + 2:45: When walking in the park, dark color changes are noted even without the presence of light. Walking is more difficult than usual, but with concentration is not impossible. I feel as though I have the energy to walk forever, never feeling tired even after climbing steep hills. Mind alteration is noted besides the pot and the visuals. There is most definitely a change in my thought process, but it is less introspective than a mushroom or lsd trip. Attempts at philosophizing only scratched the surface of an idea, whereas with mushrooms I would dig deep until the root was found.
T + 5:00: Return from walking in the park; visuals are still noted, but on the decrease. More pot is smoked, and soon after, the visuals become more powerful again. Pot certainly seems to add to the intensity of this drug.
T + 6:30: 6 and a half hours after ingesting, and around 5 since coming up, I was able to declare that I was mostly come down. The trip was very visual; color changes were heavy, especially with purples and greens. However, it did not offer much insight into my life. So the trip was fun, but overall, non-productive.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Converting "div" into slider
duration=400
slide-transition=2000
Google’s mission is to organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful.
Facebook's mission is to make the world more open and connected.
Yahoo! is focused on making the world's daily habits inspiring and entertaining
Linked In's mission is to connect the world's professionals to make them more productive and successful.


Provides prim[start:end] functionality for string arrays.
Inputs
Name Type Description in string [] array of strings start int start of string range end int end of string range Output Ports
Name Type Description out string [] subset of array in
The useful subset syntax [start:end] is only implimented for prims, in fact Express tells you that it's "not currently" implimented for strings. This module does exactly that.
in
An array of strings.
start
Using 0 indexing the start of the subset you want to extract.
end
Using 0 indexing the end of the subset you want to extract.
out
The string array equivalent to in[start:end].
The Macro returns a subset of the input array of strings:Input:
in[6] = {"text0","text1","text2","text3","text4","text5"} start = 2 end = 4Output:
out[3] = {"text2","text3","text4"}
xp_comm_proj/strarsub/strarsub.v defines the library
xp_comm_proj/strarsub/sas_mods.v module definition
James S. Perrin<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Manchester Visualization Centre


|
| subroutine | outputclass::diagnostic1_output (z, this, nchrg, nptlist) |
| | calculate <x^2>,<xp>,<px^2>,x emittance, <y^2>,<ypy>, <py^2> and y emittance, <z^2>,<zp>,<pz^2>,z emittance. More...
|
| |
| subroutine | outputclass::diagnostic2_output (this, z, nchrg, nptlist) |
| |
| subroutine | outputclass::diagnostict_output (z, this) |
| | calculate <x^2>,<xp>,<px^2>,x emittance, <y^2>,<ypy>, <py^2> and y emittance, <z^2>,<zp>,<pz^2>,z emittance. More...
|
| |
| subroutine | outputclass::inpoint_output (nfile, this, z, inb, jstp, ibal, nstep, nproc |
| |
| subroutine | outputclass::phaseout_output (nfile, this) |
| |
| subroutine | outputclass::outpoint_output (nfile, this, z, inb, jstp, ibal, nstep, nprocrow, nproccol, geom) |
| |
| subroutine | outputclass::phase_output (nfile, this, samplePeriod) |
| |
| subroutine | outputclass::dens3d_output (nstep, nfile, this, totnptcls, xmni, xmxi, ym |
| | output the 3D particle number density More...
|
| |
| subroutine | outputclass::dens2d_output (nstep, nfile, this, totnptcls, xmnin, xmxin, |
| | output 2D particle number density. More...
|
| |
| subroutine | outputclass::accdens1d_output (nstep, nfile, this, nptot, rmxi, xmni, xmx |
| | output the 1D accumulated particle density More...
|
| |
| subroutine | outputclass::dens1d_output (nstep, nfile, this, nptot, rmxi, xmni, xmxi, ymni, ymxi) |
| | output 1d particle density More...
|
| |
| subroutine | outputclass::end_output (time) |
| | Terminate MPI. More...
|
| |
| subroutine | outputclass::sliceprocdep_output (pts, innp, npt, nslice, qchg, pmass, nfil |
| | This program calculate the current profile, slice emittance and uncorrelated energy spread using linear deposition. More...
|
| |


| tbl_regression_methods {gtsummary} | R Documentation |
Most regression models are handled by tbl_regression.default()
,
which uses broom::tidy()
to perform initial tidying of results. There are,
however, some model types that have modified default printing behavior.
Those methods are listed below.
## S3 method for class 'survreg' tbl_regression( x, tidy_fun = function(x, ...) broom::tidy(x, ...) %>% dplyr::filter(.data$term != "Log(scale)"), ... ) ## S3 method for class 'mira' tbl_regression(x, tidy_fun = pool_and_tidy_mice, ...) ## S3 method for class 'mipo' tbl_regression(x, ...) ## S3 method for class 'lmerMod' tbl_regression( x, tidy_fun = function(x, ...) broom.mixed::tidy(x, ..., effects = "fixed"), ... ) ## S3 method for class 'glmerMod' tbl_regression( x, tidy_fun = function(x, ...) broom.mixed::tidy(x, ..., effects = "fixed"), ... ) ## S3 method for class 'glmmTMB' tbl_regression( x, tidy_fun = function(x, ...) broom.mixed::tidy(x, ..., effects = "fixed"), ... ) ## S3 method for class 'glmmadmb' tbl_regression( x, tidy_fun = function(x, ...) broom.mixed::tidy(x, ..., effects = "fixed"), ... ) ## S3 method for class 'stanreg' tbl_regression( x, tidy_fun = function(x, ...) broom.mixed::tidy(x, ..., effects = "fixed"), ... ) ## S3 method for class 'multinom' tbl_regression(x, ...)
x |
Regression model object |
tidy_fun |
Option to specify a particular tidier function if the
model is not a vetted model or you need to implement a
custom method. Default is |
... |
arguments passed to |
The default method for tbl_regression()
model summary uses broom::tidy(x)
to perform the initial tidying of the model object. There are, however,
a few models that use modifications.
"survreg"
: The scale parameter is removed, broom::tidy(x) %>% dplyr::filter(term != "Log(scale)")
"multinom"
: This multinomial outcome is complex, with one line per covariate per outcome (less the reference group)
"lmerMod"
, "glmerMod"
, "glmmTMB"
, "glmmadmb"
, "stanreg"
: These mixed effects
models use broom.mixed::tidy(x, effects = "fixed")
. Specify tidy_fun = broom.mixed::tidy
to print the random components.


Terminal
Terminal
Main
This remote terminal needs to confirm your password for security.
root@sm
/****** SSH SERVER MANAGEMENT CLIENT ******/
* By Daniel Martínez Caballero
* Welcome to
!
* This is not a full terminal version
/******************************************/


This document defines Ganeti’s support for CPU pinning (aka CPU affinity).
CPU pinning enables mapping and unmapping entire virtual machines or a specific virtual CPU (vCPU), to a physical CPU or a range of CPUs.
At this stage Pinning will be implemented for Xen and KVM.
Suggested command line parameters for controlling CPU pinning are as follows:
gnt-instance modify -H cpu_mask=<cpu-pinning-info> <instance>
cpu-pinning-info can be any of the following:
One vCPU mapping, which can be the word “all” or a combination of CPU numbers and ranges separated by comma. In this case, all vCPUs will be mapped to the indicated list.
A list of vCPU mappings, separated by a colon ‘:’. In this case each vCPU is mapped to an entry in the list, and the size of the list must match the number of vCPUs defined for the instance. This is enforced when setting CPU pinning or when setting the number of vCPUs using -B vcpus=#.
The mapping list is matched to consecutive virtual CPUs, so the first entry would be the CPU pinning information for vCPU 0, the second entry for vCPU 1, etc.
The default setting for new instances is “all”, which maps the entire instance to all CPUs, thus effectively turning off CPU pinning.
Here are some usage examples:
# Map vCPU 0 to physical CPU 1 and vCPU 1 to CPU 3 (assuming 2 vCPUs)
gnt-instance modify -H cpu_mask=1:3 my-inst
# Pin vCPU 0 to CPUs 1 or 2, and vCPU 1 to any CPU
gnt-instance modify -H cpu_mask=1-2:all my-inst
# Pin vCPU 0 to any CPU, vCPU 1 to CPUs 1, 3, 4 or 5, and CPU 2 to
# CPU 0
gnt-instance modify -H cpu_mask=all:1\\,3-5:0 my-inst
# Pin entire VM to CPU 0
gnt-instance modify -H cpu_mask=0 my-inst
# Turn off CPU pinning (default setting)
gnt-instance modify -H cpu_mask=all my-inst
Assuming an instance has 3 vCPUs, the following commands will fail:
# not enough mappings
gnt-instance modify -H cpu_mask=0:1 my-inst
# too many
gnt-instance modify -H cpu_mask=2:1:1:all my-inst
CPU pinning information is validated by making sure it matches the number of vCPUs. This validation happens when changing either the cpu_mask or vcpus parameters. Changing either parameter in a way that conflicts with the other will fail with a proper error message. To make such a change, both parameters should be modified at the same time. For example: gnt-instance modify -B vcpus=4 -H cpu_mask=1:1:2-3:4\\,6 my-inst
Besides validating CPU configuration, i.e. the number of vCPUs matches the requested CPU pinning, Ganeti will also verify the number of physical CPUs is enough to support the required configuration. For example, trying to run a configuration of vcpus=2,cpu_mask=0:4 on a node with 4 cores will fail (Note: CPU numbers are 0-based).
This validation should repeat every time an instance is started or migrated live. See more details under Migration below.
Cluster verification should also test the compatibility of other nodes in the cluster to required configuration and alert if a minimum requirement is not met.
CPU pinning configuration can be transferred from node to node, unless the number of physical CPUs is smaller than what the configuration calls for. It is suggested that unless this is the case, all transfers and migrations will succeed.
In case the number of physical CPUs is smaller than the numbers indicated by CPU pinning information, instance failover will fail.
In case of emergency, to force failover to ignore mismatching CPU information, the following switch can be used: gnt-instance failover --fix-cpu-mismatch my-inst. This command will try to failover the instance with the current cpu mask, but if that fails, it will change the mask to be “all”.
In case of live migration, and in addition to failover considerations, it is required to remap CPU pinning after migration. This can be done in realtime for instances for both Xen and KVM, and only depends on the number of physical CPUs being sufficient to support the migrated instance.
Pinning information will be kept as a list of integers per vCPU. To mark a mapping of any CPU, we will use (-1). A single entry, no matter what the number of vCPUs is, will always mean that all vCPUs have the same mapping.
The pinning information is kept for each instance’s hypervisor params section of the configuration file as the original string.
There are 2 ways to control pinning in Xen, either via the command line or through the configuration file.
The commands to make direct pinning changes are the following:
# To pin a vCPU to a specific CPU
xm vcpu-pin <domain> <vcpu> <cpu>
# To unpin a vCPU
xm vcpu-pin <domain> <vcpu> all
# To get the current pinning status
xm vcpu-list <domain>
Since currently controlling Xen in Ganeti is done in the configuration file, it is straight forward to use the same method for CPU pinning. There are 2 different parameters that control Xen’s CPU pinning and configuration:
When no pinning is required (pinning information is “all”), the “cpus” entry is removed from the configuration file.
For all other cases, the configuration is “translated” to Xen, which expects either cpus = "a" or cpus = [ "a", "b", "c", ...], where each a, b or c are a physical CPU number, CPU range, or a combination, and the number of entries (if a list is used) must match the number of vCPUs, and are mapped in order.
For example, CPU pinning information of 1:2,4-7:0-1 is translated to this entry in Xen’s configuration cpus = [ "1", "2,4-7", "0-1" ]
Controlling pinning in KVM is a little more complicated as there is no configuration to control pinning before instances are started.
The way to change or assign CPU pinning under KVM is to use taskset or its underlying system call sched_setaffinity. Setting the affinity for the VM process will change CPU pinning for the entire VM, and setting it for specific vCPU threads will control specific vCPUs.
The sequence of commands to control pinning is this: start the instance with the -S switch, so it halts before starting execution, get the process ID or identify thread IDs of each vCPU by sending info cpus to the monitor, map vCPUs as required by the cpu-pinning information, and issue a cont command on the KVM monitor to allow the instance to start execution.
For example, a sequence of commands to control CPU affinity under KVM may be:
A CPU mask is a hexadecimal bit mask where each bit represents one physical CPU. See man page for sched_setaffinity(2) for more details.
For example, to run a specific thread-id on CPUs 1 or 3 the mask is 0x0000000A.
As of 2.12, the psutil python package (https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil) will be used to control process and thread affinity. The affinity python package (http://pypi.python.org/pypi/affinity) was used before, but it was not invoking the two underlying system calls appropriately, using a cast instead of the CPU_SET macro, causing failures for masks referencing more than 63 CPUs.


| do/4 | Equivalent to do(Url, Contract, Request, Id, [], []). |
| do/6 | Equivalent to do(Url, Contract, Request, Id, HTTPOptions, Options, true). |
| do/7 | Send an atom/tuple RPC call request to a JSON-RPC service at Url. |
do(Url, Contract, Request, Id) -> any()
Equivalent to do(Url, Contract, Request, Id, [], []).
do(Url, Contract, Request, Id, HTTPOptions, Options) -> any()
Equivalent to do(Url, Contract, Request, Id, HTTPOptions, Options, true).
do(Url::string(), Contract::atom(), Request::atom() | tuple(), Id::string(), HTTPOptions::proplist(), Options::proplist(), SubstAuthInfoP::bool()) -> {ok, term() | undefined, term() | undefined, string()} | {error, term()}
Send an atom/tuple RPC call request to a JSON-RPC service at Url.
Per JSON-RPC definition, if we return an 'ok' 4-tuple, either the 2nd element will be 'undefined' (i.e. call failed, see 3rd element) or the 3rd element will be 'undefined' (i.e. call succeeded, see 2nd element).
See the Inets app docs for http:request/4 for definition of HTTPOptions and Options arguments.
If the SubstAuthInfoP flag is true, then the 2nd element of the Request tuple is assumed to be authentication info of some kind. It must be agreed upon that the contract is expecting such auth info games, because the server side will extract auth info from the HTTP session and insert that data into the 2nd element of Request, which will effective replace whatever the client had placed in the 2nd element here on the client side.Generated EDoc, $Id$


Sometimes you will want to change how HeadJS behaves by enabling or disabling certain features.
This is the default configuration that HeadJS ships with
{% highlight js %}
conf = {
screens : [240, 320, 480, 640, 768, 800, 1024, 1280, 1440, 1680, 1920],
screensCss: { "gt": true, "gte": false, "lt": true, "lte": false, "eq": false },
browsers : [
{ ie: { min: 6, max: 11 } }
//,{ chrome : { min: 8, max: 31 } }
//,{ ff : { min: 3, max: 26 } }
//,{ ios : { min: 3, max: 7 } }
//,{ android: { min: 2, max: 4 } }
//,{ webkit : { min: 9, max: 12 } }
//,{ opera : { min: 9, max: 12 } }
],
browserCss: { "gt": true, "gte": false, "lt": true, "lte": false, "eq": true },
html5 : true,
page : "-page",
section : "-section",
head : "head"
};
{% endhighlight %}
If you wanted to change what screen breakpoints HeadJS uses, then you would do something like this
{% highlight html %}
{% endhighlight %}
The same goes for all the other configurable variables. Just make sure var head_conf is declared BEFORE you include HeadJS.
- screens
- Width breakpoints for which lt,lte,gt,gte,eq can be generated (.gt-800, .lt-1680)
- screensCss
- Enables/Disables the actual insertion of those breakpoints into the HTML
- browsers
- Browser/Version breakpoints for which lt,lte,gt,gte,eq can be generated (.ie8, .lt-ie9)
- browserCss
- Enables/Disables the actual insertion of those breakpoints into the HTML
- html5
- When enabled, IE8 and less will have the « HTML5 Shim » injected, which adds compatibility for the following HTML5 elements: abbr, article, aside, audio, canvas, details, figcaption, figure, footer, header, hgroup, main, mark, meter, nav, output, progress, section, summary, time, video
- page
- Suffix used by the « CSS Router » when detecting pages (#v1-page)
- section
- Suffix used by the « CSS Router » when detecting page sections (.api-section)
- head
- Name of the variable that should be used for HeadJS. If set to something else like: test, you would call test.load() instead of head.load()