Please post the following review to the newsgroup.
Children Of Heaven ***1/2
rated PG in Persian with English subtitles starring Mohammad Amir Naji, Fereshte Sarabandi, Karnal Mirkarimi written and directed by Majid Majidi
Once in a very long while, a film comes along that doesn't need an epic story in order to grasp the viewer and tell a simple story in an epic way. Majid Majidi's CHILDREN OF HEAVEN is such a film. Over the years, Iranian directors have shown skill in telling a simple but subtle BICYCLE THIEFesque story. The reason for this is that in a country like Iran, where there is no freedom of speech, you cannot degrade the country in any way, especially on film. So the filmmakers had to be able to express art with subtlety, as to not generate controversy.
CHILDREN OF HEAVEN tells the story of a small, impoverished Iranian boy who goes to the marketplace and gets his sister's shoes stolen by accident. The boy promises his sister that she will get the shoes back, as long as she doesn't tell their parents. The children must then share one pair of sneakers, to be traded back and forth between the time they go to school(she goes in the morning, while he goes in the afternoon). The children try some clever schemes in order to get the shoes back, but none of them seem to work. That is really the film's entire plot, but it moves rather swiftly and never becomes dull(in Iran, it was a huge hit among children). But during the film, if you pay close attention, you can tell that Majidi is actually crafting a brilliant study on the different wealth classes of Iran. In short, CHILDREN OF HEAVEN deserves it's Oscar nomination for Best Foreign Language Film just as much or even more than any of the other nominees, and it makes you wish that Miramax spent just as much money promoting this film as it did LIFE IS BEAUTIFUL or SHAKESPEARE IN LOVE.
review by the Teenage Movie Critic<EMAIL_ADDRESS>www.angelfire.com/mo/film
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@* * Copyright 2019 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import config.FrontendAppConfig @import models.response.FilestoreResponse @import templates.applicationTemplate @(appConfig: FrontendAppConfig, c: Case, attachments: Seq[FilestoreResponse], letterOfAuthority : Option[FilestoreResponse] = None)(implicit request: Request[_], messages: Messages) @main_template( title = s"${messages("applicationView.title")}", appConfig = appConfig, bodyClasses = None) { @components.back_link() HM Revenue & Customs @components.heading(messages("applicationView.mainTitle"))
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--- layout: post title: Mark goes Brazilian date: 2006-08-22 00:00:00 category: aikido ---
My friend Mark is off in Brazil at the moment, doing this.


I am a full stack web development student at University of New Hampshire. Set to graduate in the coming months, I am eager to secure challenging roles in world of web development. My studies have provided me with broad proficiency in the use of coding methods, tools, software packages and techniques. Alongside this, I have been able to develop strong time management skills while studying and completing projects while working my full time management job. As such, I am confident that I can make an instant impact in web development roles.
I am eager to learn about potential career opportunities, so I would be pleased to chat about job openings in the web development sphere.
My key skills include: HTML5, CSS, JavaScript, jQuery, Bootstrap, MySql2, Express, Node.js, Handlebars


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Aston Villa fans react to reported interest in Emiliano Buendia
by Dom TonerAston Villa are reportedly interested in Norwich City’s Emiliano Buendia – and some of the club’s fans on Twitter believe he would be a great signing for them.
According to Sky Sports, the Midlands giants are keen on the 22-year-old from Premier League rivals Norwich.
It is understood that manager Dean Smith admirers the Argentinian attacker, but it’s likely he would cost over £20million.
Buendia has started 12 of the 13 league games so far this season for Norwich, but was used off the bench on Saturday in the 2-0 win for the over Everton.
The right-winger is yet to get himself on the scoresheet, but does have four assists and is a skilful playmaker that can link up play well in attack.
His Norwich team currently sit 18th in the league table and are only a point behind 17th-placed Villa.
A selection of Villa supporters on social media have claimed that Buendia would be a top addition to their side, but feel it would be an extremely tough deal to pull off.
He was one of the standout players in the Championship last season and looks like he can have success in the top-flight as he develops.
Smith was given a significant budget in the summer to strengthen the squad, but reports suggest he would have to spend big again to land Norwich’s maestro.
Here are some Villa fans on Buendia:
Have something to tell us about this article?
Let us know


{% extends "class/base.html" %} {% block title %} Class : {{name}} {% endblock %} {% block body %}
Class mentored by : {{creator}} Share this six digit passcode with students :


I had a really rough start to the week. I really began to notice the “self-pace = no pace” mindset taking hold in some of my students. It was taking some students 20 minutes or more to even get their materials out, despite constant reminders and checks. I really wanted to switch gears and go back to teaching with worksheets, grades, and no choic... Read more 20 Sep 2012 - 2 minute read
Ramsey Musallam has great ideas about using Google Forms to assess a student’s understanding of a video after they watched it. I immediately began using his forms as a model to assess whether or not my students grasped the concept. It worked great, and I got a lot of valuable data in the process. Last year, I did the same thing, but with a slig... Read more 18 Sep 2012 - 3 minute read
I’ve been thinking a lot about tools and space lately. What digital tools work well in my class? What analog tools are necessary for chemistry? What teaching tools work the best to communicate concepts to my kids? All of these questions led to: “What tools are essential for learning?” Ira Socol and I have had some interesting discussions in the... Read more 11 Sep 2012 - 3 minute read
Monday, September 10th is the 25th weekly #flipclass chat. After beginning back in March, we have had a great team of moderators form and had increased participation on a weekly basis. One thing we discovered this summer was that live discussions using Goole+ Hangouts On-Air were a great way to bring in experts in flipping from all over the wor... Read more 07 Sep 2012 - 1 minute read
School is getting started again for just about everyone and as flipped learning becomes more and more popular, we’re all looking to make connections to continue our growth. The first way is to join in on our #flipclass chat Monday nights at 8PM EDT. We have a wonderful team of moderators (many who are included below) that help host the chat eac... Read more 31 Aug 2012 - 3 minute read
Where I am to Where I’m Going By the time you read this post, I will have already began my school year, crossing my fingers, and praying that what I put into motion will pay off in dividends down the road. This year is a lot of firsts for me. This year I will be pressing play on class, 6th Grade Science Applications, 1st year for 1:1 MacBooks, ... Read more 30 Aug 2012 - 4 minute read
If you had walked into our rooms the first week of school, you would have seen chaos. Complete and utter chaos. Students lining up to take their picture on our laptops for a class directory. Students wandering around campus, taking pictures that define the way they view school. Students watching a video on their smartphone while writing response... Read more 29 Aug 2012 - 8 minute read
This week, I will start my 20th year in the classroom, and for the first time, I really don’t know what I’m going to do. I should probably explain. For the first eighteen years of my career, I was a good teacher. My lessons were planned, my curriculum was covered, my grades were recorded, my students were happy and successful. Everything was go... Read more 28 Aug 2012 - 4 minute read
Note: This is a guest post that will be the first in a series. All posts follow the theme of “Changes in class because of summer learning.” Hopefully, these varying perspectives will continue to spark discussion and growth among readers. Inquiry-Based History Class If you listen to too many of the jargony phrases in education, your head might ... Read more 27 Aug 2012 - 3 minute read
After a horrendous start of the year (I won’t go into it here…) I was finally able to introduce the whole flipped classroom idea to my students today. They had a taste yesterday, but with the materials in hand and the technology to use, it finally began to click for many of my students. photo credit: danorbit. via photo pin cc ... Read more 23 Aug 2012 - 1 minute read


|
Square for Android API v0.9 | |||||||
| PREV PACKAGE NEXT PACKAGE | FRAMES NO FRAMES |
Square
. While the
current version of Square for Android supports only one line item, this API allows for future
support of multiple line items.
See:
Description
| Class Summary | |
|---|---|
| Bill | A bill that can be paid using Square. |
| Bill.Builder | Builds a bill. |
| Image | An image locatable via a URL. |
| LineItem | A line item in a bill. |
| LineItem.Builder | Builds a line item. |
| Money | A quantity of a specific currency. |
| Square | Entry point of the Square for Android API. |
| Enum Summary | |
|---|---|
| Currency | Currency types supported by this API. |
| Image.Type | Supported image types. |
| Square.InstallationStatus | Status of the Square application on this device. |
| Exception Summary | |
|---|---|
| ImageNotFoundException | Thrown when an image can't be found. |
Enables Android applications to request payments through Square.
Start with Square
. While the
current version of Square for Android supports only one line item, this API allows for future
support of multiple line items.
|
Square for Android API v0.9 | |||||||
| PREV PACKAGE NEXT PACKAGE | FRAMES NO FRAMES |


One of the great strengths of Julia is that it is so easy to call C code natively, with no special “glue” routines or overhead to marshal arguments and convert return values. For example, if you want to call GNU GSL to compute a special function like a Debye integral, it is as easy as:
debye_1(x) = ccall((:gsl_sf_debye_1,:libgsl), Cdouble, (Cdouble,), x)
at which point you can compute debye_1(2)
, debye_1(3.7)
, and so
on. (Even easier would be to use Jiahao Chen’s
GSL package for Julia, which has
already created such wrappers for you.) This makes a vast array of
existing C libraries accessible to you in Julia (along with Fortran
libraries and other languages with C-accessible calling conventions).
In fact, you can even go the other way around, passing Julia routines to C, so that C code is calling Julia code in the form of callback functions. For example, a C library for numerical integration might expect you to pass the integrand as a function argument, which the library will then call to evaluate the integrand as many times as needed to estimate the integral. Callback functions are also natural for optimization, root-finding, and many other numerical tasks, as well as in many non-numerical problems. The purpose of this blog post is to illustrate the techniques for passing Julia functions as callbacks to C routines, which is straightforward and efficient but requires some lower-level understanding of how functions and other values are passed as arguments.
The code in this post requires Julia 0.2 (or a recent git
facsimile
thereof); the key features needed for callback functions (especially
unsafe_pointer_to_objref
) are not available in Julia 0.1.
qsort
Perhaps the most well-known example of a callback parameter is provided by the qsort function, part of the ANSI C standard library and declared in C as:
void qsort(void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
int(*compare)(const void *a, const void *b));
The base
argument is a pointer to an array of length nmemb
, with
elements of size
bytes each. compare
is a callback function which
takes pointers to two elements a
and b
and returns an integer
less/greater than zero if a
should appear before/after b
(or zero
if any order is permitted). Now, suppose that we have a 1d array A
of values in Julia that we want to sort using the qsort
function
(rather than Julia’s built-in sort
function). Before we worry about
calling qsort
and passing arguments, we need to write a comparison
function that works for some arbitrary type T
, e.g.
function mycompare{T}(a_::Ptr{T}, b_::Ptr{T})
a = unsafe_load(a_)
b = unsafe_load(b_)
return a < b ? cint(-1) : a > b ? cint(+1) : cint(0)
end
cint(n) = convert(Cint, n)
Notice that we use the built-in function unsafe_load
to fetch the
values pointed to by the arguments a_
and b_
(which is “unsafe”
because it will crash if these are not valid pointers, but qsort
will always pass valid pointers). Also, we have to be a little
careful about return values: qsort
expects a function returning a C
int
, so we must be sure to return Cint
(the corresponding type in
Julia) via a call to convert
.
Now, how do we pass this to C? A function pointer in C is essentially
just a pointer to the memory location of the machine code implementing
that function, whereas a function value mycompare
(of type
Function
) in Julia is quite different. Thanks to Julia’s JIT
compilation
approach,a Julia function may not even be compiled until the first
time it is called, and in general the same Julia function may be
compiled into multiple machine-code instantiations, which are
specialized for arguments of different types (e.g. different T
in
this case). So, you can imagine that mycompare
must internally
point to a rather complicated data structure (a jl_function_t
in
julia.h
, if you are interested), which holds information about the
argument types, the compiled versions (if any), and so on. In
general, it must store a
closure
with information about the environment in which the function was
defined; we will talk more about this below. In any case, it is a
very different object than a simple pointer to machine code for one
set of argument types. Fortunately, we can get the latter simply by
calling a built-in Julia function called cfunction
:
const mycompare_c = cfunction(mycompare, Cint, (Ptr{Cdouble}, Ptr{Cdouble}))
Here, we pass cfunction
three arguments: the function mycompare
,
the return type Cint
, and a tuple of the argument types, in this case to
sort an array of Cdouble
(Float64
) elements. Julia compiles a version of
mycompare
specialized for these argument types (if it has not done
so already), and returns a Ptr{Void}
holding the address of the
machine code, exactly what we need to pass to qsort
. We are
now ready to call qsort
on some sample data:
A = [1.3, -2.7, 4.4, 3.1]
ccall(:qsort, Void, (Ptr{Cdouble}, Csize_t, Csize_t, Ptr{Void}),
A, length(A), sizeof(eltype(A)), mycompare_c)
After this executes, A
is changed to the sorted array [ -2.7, 1.3,
3.1, 4.4]
. Note that Julia knows how to convert an array
A::Vector{Cdouble}
into a Ptr{Cdouble}
, how to compute the sizeof
a type in bytes (identical to C’s sizeof
operator), and so on. For fun,
try inserting a println("mycompare($a,$b)")
line into mycompare, which
will allow you to see the comparisons that qsort
is performing (and to verify
that it is really calling the Julia function that you passed to it).
We aren’t done yet, however. If you start passing callback functions to
C routines, it won’t be long before you discover that cfunction
doesn’t
always work. For example, suppose we tried to declare our comparison
function inline, via:
mycomp = cfunction((a_,b_) -> unsafe_load(a_) < unsafe_load(b_) ?
cint(-1) : cint(+1),
Cint, (Ptr{Cdouble}, Ptr{Cdouble}))
Julia barfs on this, printing ERROR: function is not yet c-callable
. In
general, cfunction
only works for “top-level” functions: named
functions defined in the top-level (global or module) scope, but not
anonymous (args -> value
) functions and not functions defined within
other functions (“nested” functions). The reason for this stems from
one important concept in computer science: a
closure.
To understand the need for closures, and the difficulty they pose for
callback functions, suppose that we wanted to provide a nicer interface
for qsort, one which permitted the user to simply pass a lessthan
function
returning true
or false
while hiding all of the low-level business with
pointers, Cint
, and so on. We might like to do something of the form:
function qsort!{T}(A::Vector{T}, lessthan::Function)
function mycompare(a_::Ptr{T}, b_::Ptr{T})
a = unsafe_load(a_)
b = unsafe_load(b_)
return lessthan(a, b) ? cint(-1) : cint(+1)
end
mycompare_c = cfunction(mycompare, Cint, (Ptr{T}, Ptr{T}))
ccall(:qsort, Void, (Ptr{T}, Csize_t, Csize_t, Ptr{Void}),
A, length(A), sizeof(T), mycompare_c)
A
end
Then we could simply call qsort!([1.3, -2.7, 4.4, 3.1], <)
to sort
in ascending order using the built-in <
comparison, or any other
comparison function we wanted. Unfortunately cfunction
will again
barf when you try to call qsort!
, and it is no longer so difficult
to understand why. Notice that the nested mycompare
function is no
longer self-contained: it uses the variable lessthan
from the
surrounding scope. This is a common pattern for nested functions and
anonymous functions: often, they are parameterized by local variables
in the environment where the function is defined. Technically, the
ability to have this kind of dependency is provided by lexical
scoping in
a programming language like Julia, and is typical of any language in
which functions are
“first-class”
objects. In order to support lexical scoping, a Julia Function
object needs to internally carry around a pointer to the variables in
the enclosing environment, and this encapsulation is called a
closure.
In contrast, a C function pointer is not a closure. It doesn’t enclose a pointer to the environment in which the function was defined, or anything else for that matter; it is just the address of a stream of instructions. This makes it hard, in C, to write functions to transform other functions (higher-order functions) or to parameterize functions by local variables. This apparently leaves us with two options, neither of which is especially attractive:
We could store lessthan
in a global variable, and reference that
from a top-level mycompare
function. (This is the traditional solution
for C programmers calling qsort
with parameterized comparison functions.)
The problem with this strategy is that it is not re-entrant: it prevents us from calling qsort!
recursively (e.g. if the comparison function itself needs to do a sort, for
some complicated datastructure), or from calling qsort!
from multiple
threads (when a future Julia version supports shared-memory parallelism).
Still, this is better than nothing.
Every time qsort!
is called, Julia could JIT-compile a new version
of mycompare
, which hard-codes the reference to the lessthan
argument passed on that call. This is technically possible and has
been implemented in some languages (e.g. reportedly GNU
Guile
and Lua
do something like this). However, this strategy
comes at a price: it requires that callbacks be recompiled every time
a parameter in them changes, which is not true of the global-variable
strategy. Anyway, it is not implemented yet in Julia.
Fortunately, there is often a third option, because C programmers long ago recognized these limitations of function pointers, and devised a workaround: most modern C callback interfaces allow arbitrary data to be passed through to the callback via a “pass-through” (or “thunk”) pointer parameter. As explained in the next section, we can exploit this technique in Julia to pass a “true” closure as a callback.
The qsort
interface is nowadays considered rather antiquated. Years
ago, it was supplemented on BSD-Unix systems, and eventually in GNU
libc, by a function called qsort_r
that solves the problem of passing
parameters to the callback in a re-entrant way. This is how the BSD (e.g. MacOS)
qsort_r
function is defined:
void qsort_r(void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size, void *thunk,
int (*compare)(void *thunk, const void *a, const void *b));
Compared to qsort
, there is an extra thunk
parameter, and this is
passed through to the compare
function as its first argument. In this
way, you can pass a pointer to arbitrary data through to your callback,
and we can exploit this to pass a closure through for an arbitrary Julia
callback.
All we need is a way to convert a Julia Function
into an opaque
Ptr{Void}
so that we can pass it through to our callback, and then a
way to convert the opaque pointer back into a Function
. The former
is automatic if we simply declare the ccall
argument as type Any
(which passes the argument as an opaque Julia object pointer), and the
latter is accomplished by the built-in function
unsafe_pointer_to_objref
. (Technically, we could use type
Function
or an explicit call to pointer_from_objref
instead of
Any
.) Using these, we can now define a working high-level qsort!
function that takes an arbitrary lessthan
comparison-function
argument:
function qsort!_compare{T}(lessthan_::Ptr{Void}, a_::Ptr{T}, b_::Ptr{T})
a = unsafe_load(a_)
b = unsafe_load(b_)
lessthan = unsafe_pointer_to_objref(lessthan_)::Function
return lessthan(a, b) ? cint(-1) : cint(+1)
end
function qsort!{T}(A::Vector{T}, lessthan::Function=<)
compare_c = cfunction(qsort!_compare, Cint, (Ptr{Void}, Ptr{T}, Ptr{T}))
ccall(:qsort_r, Void, (Ptr{T}, Csize_t, Csize_t, Any, Ptr{Void}),
A, length(A), sizeof(T), lessthan, compare_c)
return A
end
qsort!_compare
is a top-level function, so cfunction
has no
problem with it, and it will only be compiled once per type T
to be
sorted (rather than once per call to qsort!
or per lessthan
function). We use the explicit ::Function
assertion to tell
the compiler that we will only pass Function
pointers in
lessthan_
. Note that we gave the lessthan
argument a default value
of <
(default arguments being a recent
feature added to
Julia).
We can now do qsort!([1.3, -2.7, 4.4, 3.1])
and it will
return the array sorted in ascending order, or qsort!([1.3, -2.7,
4.4, 3.1], >)
to sort in descending order.
qsort_r
is not portableThe example above has one major problem that has nothing to do with
Julia: the qsort_r
function is not portable. The above example
won’t work on Windows, since the Windows C library doesn’t define
qsort_r
(instead, it has a function called
qsort_s,
which of course uses an argument order incompatible with both the
BSD and GNU qsort_r
functions). Worse, it will crash on GNU/Linux
systems, which do provide qsort_r
but with an
incompatible
calling
convention. And
as a result it is difficult to use qsort_r
in a way that does not
crash either on GNU/Linux or BSD (e.g. MacOS) systems. This is how
glibc’s qsort_r
is defined:
void qsort_r(void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
int (*compare)(const void *a, const void *b, void *thunk),
void *thunk);
Note that the position of the thunk
argument is moved, both in qsort_r
itself and
in the comparison function. So, the corresponding qsort!
Julia code on
GNU/Linux systems should be:
function qsort!_compare{T}(a_::Ptr{T}, b_::Ptr{T}, lessthan_::Ptr{Void})
a = unsafe_load(a_)
b = unsafe_load(b_)
lessthan = unsafe_pointer_to_objref(lessthan_)::Function
return lessthan(a, b) ? cint(-1) : cint(+1)
end
function qsort!{T}(A::Vector{T}, lessthan::Function=<)
compare_c = cfunction(qsort!_compare, Cint, (Ptr{T}, Ptr{T}, Ptr{Void}))
ccall(:qsort_r, Void, (Ptr{T}, Csize_t, Csize_t, Ptr{Void}, Any),
A, length(A), sizeof(T), compare_c, lessthan)
return A
end
If you really needed to call qsort_r
from Julia, you could use the
above definitions if OS_NAME == :Linux
and the BSD definitions
otherwise, with a third version using qsort_s
on Windows, but
fortunately there is not much need as Julia comes with its own
perfectly adequate sort
and sort!
routines.
As another example that is oriented more towards numerical computations, we’ll examine how we might call the numerical integration routines in the GNU Scientific Library (GSL). There is already a GSL package that handles the wrapper work below for you, but it is instructive to look at how this is implemented because GSL simulates closures in a slightly different way, with data structures.
Like most modern C libraries accepting callbacks, GSL uses a void*
pass-through
parameter to allow arbitrary data to be passed through to the callback routine,
and we can use that to support arbitrary closures in Julia. Unlike qsort_r
,
however, GSL wraps both the C function pointer and the pass-through pointer in
a data structure called gsl_function
:
struct {
double (*function)(double x, void *params);
void *params;
} gsl_function;
Using the techniques above, we can easily declare a GSL_Function
type in Julia
that mirrors this C type, and with a constructor GSL_Function(f::Function)
that
creates a wrapper around an arbitrary Julia function f
:
function gsl_function_wrap(x::Cdouble, params::Ptr{Void})
f = unsafe_pointer_to_objref(params)::Function
convert(Cdouble, f(x))::Cdouble
end
const gsl_function_wrap_c = cfunction(gsl_function_wrap,
Cdouble, (Cdouble, Ptr{Void}))
type GSL_Function
func::Ptr{Void}
params::Any
GSL_Function(f::Function) = new(gsl_function_wrap_c, f)
end
One subtlety with the above code is that we need to explicitly
convert
the return value of f
to a Cdouble
(in case the caller’s
code returns some other numeric type for some x
, such as an Int
).
Moreover, we need to explicitly assert (::Cdouble
) that the result
of the convert
was a Cdouble
. As with the qsort
example, this
is because cfunction
only works if Julia can guarantee that
gsl_function_wrap
returns the specified Cdouble
type, and
Julia cannot infer the return type of convert
since it does not
know the return type of f(x)
.
Given the above definitions, it is a simple matter to pass this to the
GSL
adaptive-integration
routines in a wrapper function gsl_integration_qag
:
function gsl_integration_qag(f::Function, a::Real, b::Real, epsrel::Real=1e-12,
maxintervals::Integer=10^7)
s = ccall((:gsl_integration_workspace_alloc,:libgsl), Ptr{Void}, (Csize_t,),
maxintervals)
result = Array(Cdouble,1)
abserr = Array(Cdouble,1)
ccall((:gsl_integration_qag,:libgsl), Cint,
(Ptr{GSL_Function}, Cdouble,Cdouble, Cdouble, Csize_t, Cint, Ptr{Void},
Ptr{Cdouble}, Ptr{Cdouble}),
&GSL_Function(f), a, b, epsrel, maxintervals, 1, s, result, abserr)
ccall((:gsl_integration_workspace_free,:libgsl), Void, (Ptr{Void},), s)
return (result[1], abserr[1])
end
Note that &GSL_Function(f)
passes a pointer to a GSL_Function
“struct” containing a pointer to gsl_function_wrap_c
and f
, corresponding
to the gsl_function*
argument in C. The return value is a tuple of the estimated
integral and an estimated error.
For example, gsl_integration_qag(cos, 0, 1)
returns
(0.8414709848078965,9.34220461887732e-15)
, which computes the
correct integral sin(1)
to machine precision.
In the above examples, we pass an opaque pointer (object reference) to a
Julia Function
into C. Whenever one passes pointers to Julia data into C
code, one has to ensure that the Julia data is not garbage-collected until
the C code is done with it, and functions are no exception to this rule.
An anonymous function that is no longer referred to by any Julia variable
may be garbage collected, at which point any C pointers to it become invalid.
This sounds scary, but in practice you don’t need to worry about it very often,
because Julia guarantees that ccall
arguments won’t be garbage-collected until
the ccall
exits. So, in all of the above examples, we are safe: the Function
only needs to live as long as the ccall
.
The only danger arises when you pass a function pointer to C and the C code
saves the pointer in some data structure which it will use in a later ccall
.
In that case, you are responsible for ensuring that the Function
variable lives
(is referred to by some Julia variable) as long as the C code might need it.
For example, in the GSL one-dimensional minimization interface, you don’t simply pass your objective function to a minimization routine and wait until it is minimized. Instead, you call a GSL routine to create a “minimizer object”, store your function pointer in this object, call routines to iterate the minimization, and then deallocate the minimizer when you are done. The Julia function must not be garbage-collected until this process is complete. The easiest way to ensure this is to create a Julia wrapper type around the minimizer object that stores an explicit reference to the Julia function, like this:
type GSL_Minimizer
m::Ptr{Void} # the gsl_min_fminimizer pointer
f::Any # explicit reference to objective, to prevent garbage-collection
function GSL_Minimizer(t)
m = ccall((:gsl_min_fminimizer_alloc,:libgsl), Ptr{Void}, (Ptr{Void},), t)
p = new(m, nothing)
finalizer(p, p -> ccall((:gsl_min_fminimizer_free,:libgsl),
Void, (Ptr{Void},), p.m))
p
end
end
This wraps around a gsl_min_fminimizer
object of type t
, with a
placeholder f
to store a reference to the objective function (once
it is set below), including a finalizer
to deallocate the GSL object
when the GSL_Minimizer
is garbage-collected. The parameter t
is
used to specify the minimization algorithm, which could default to
Brent’s algorithm via:
const gsl_brent = unsafe_load(cglobal((:gsl_min_fminimizer_brent,:libgsl), Ptr{Void}))
GSL_Minimizer() = GSL_Minimizer(gsl_brent)
(The call to cglobal
yields a pointer to the
gsl_min_fminimizer_brent
global variable in GSL, which we then
dereference to get the actual pointer via unsafe_load
.)
Then, when we set the function to minimize (the “objective”), we store
an extra reference to it in the GSL_Minimizer
to prevent
garbage-collection for the lifetime of the GSL_Minimizer
, again
using the GSL_Function
type defined above to wrap the callback:
function gsl_minimizer_set!(m::GSL_Minimizer, f, x0, xmin, xmax)
ccall((:gsl_min_fminimizer_set,:libgsl), Cint,
(Ptr{Void}, Ptr{GSL_Function}, Cdouble, Cdouble, Cdouble),
m.m, &GSL_Function(f), x0, xmin, xmax)
m.f = f
m
end
There are then various GSL routines to iterate the minimizer and to check the
current x
, objective value, or bounds on the minimum, which are convenient to wrap:
gsl_minimizer_iterate!(m::GSL_Minimizer) =
ccall((:gsl_min_fminimizer_iterate,:libgsl), Cint, (Ptr{Void},), m.m)
gsl_minimizer_x(m::GSL_Minimizer) =
ccall((:gsl_min_fminimizer_x_minimum,:libgsl), Cdouble, (Ptr{Void},), m.m)
gsl_minimizer_f(m::GSL_Minimizer) =
ccall((:gsl_min_fminimizer_f_minimum,:libgsl), Cdouble, (Ptr{Void},), m.m)
gsl_minimizer_xmin(m::GSL_Minimizer) =
ccall((:gsl_min_fminimizer_x_lower,:libgsl), Cdouble, (Ptr{Void},), m.m)
gsl_minimizer_xmax(m::GSL_Minimizer) =
ccall((:gsl_min_fminimizer_x_upper,:libgsl), Cdouble, (Ptr{Void},), m.m)
Putting all of these together, we can minimize a simple function sin(x)
in
the interval [-3,1], with a starting guess -1, via:
m = GSL_Minimizer()
gsl_minimizer_set!(m, sin, -1, -3, 1)
while gsl_minimizer_xmax(m) - gsl_minimizer_xmin(m) > 1e-6
println("iterating at x = $(gsl_minimizer_x(m))")
gsl_minimizer_iterate!(m)
end
println("found minimum $(gsl_minimizer_f(m)) at x = $(gsl_minimizer_x(m))")
After a few iterations, it prints found minimum -1.0 at x =
-1.5707963269964016
, which is the correct minimum (−π/2) to
about 10 digits.
At this point, I will shamelessly plug my own NLopt package for Julia, which wraps around my free/open-source NLopt library to provide many more optimization algorithms than GSL, with perhaps a nicer interface. However, the techniques used to pass callback functions to NLopt are actually quite similar to those used for GSL.
An even more complicated version of these techniques can be found in
the PyCall package to call
Python from Julia. In order to pass a Julia function to Python, we
again use cfunction
on a wrapper function that handles the type
conversions and so on, and pass the actual Julia closure through via a
pass-through pointer. But in that case, the pass-through pointer
consists of a Python object that has been created with a new type that
allows it to wrap a Julia object, and garbage-collection is deferred
by storing the Julia object in a global dictionary of saved objects
(removing it via the Python destructor of the new type). That is all
somewhat tricky stuff and beyond the scope of this blog post; I only
mention it to illustrate the fact that it is possible to implement
quite complex inter-language calling behaviors purely in Julia by
building on the above techniques.


Woolls, Douglas Aubrey Howard
| Birth Name | Woolls, Douglas Aubrey Howard |
| Gender | male |
| Age at Death | about 90 years, 5 months, 18 days |
Narrative
SMH - WOOLLS, Douglas Aubrery Howard - 19 June 1998 (after a brief illness) of Kirribilli. Loved & sadley missed by his relatives & friends. Aged 90 years.
FUNERAL - Thr rels & friends of the late DOUGLAS WOOLLS are invited to attend his funeral service to be held in its entirely at St. John the Baptist Anglican Church, cnr Broughton & Bligh Sts, Milsons Point, Friday next 26 June, 1998 at 11am. The service will be followed by a private cremation.
Events
| Event | Date | Place | Description | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth | about 1908 | |||
|
|
||||
| Death | 1998-06-19 | Kirribilli NSW (90yrs) | ||
|
|
||||
| Burial | 1998-06-26 | private cremation | ||
|
|
Families
Family of Woolls, Douglas Aubrey Howard and Pearson, Florence Marjorie |
||||||||||||||||
| Married | Wife | Pearson, Florence Marjorie ( * about 1908 + 1988-11-07 ) | ||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||
| Attributes |
|
Attributes
| Type | Value | Notes | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|
| _UID | 2257B49C0CA8DB119B9EE9EAF4BCD6383306 |
Pedigree
-
- Woolls, Douglas Aubrey Howard


README
Speacr
Speaker
class
Speacr::Speaker
Speacr::Speaker
Reference
Object
Defined in:
Constant Summary
DEFAULT_BUFFER_LENGTH
=
0
Constructors
.new
(say_aloud =
false
)
Instance Method Summary
#say
(text)
Constructor Detail
def self.
new
(say_aloud =
false
)
#
Instance Method Detail
def
say
(text)
#


Meet a partner for your best holiday
-
Bradley Hunter
Based in Chicago. I love playing tennis and loud music.
-
Lucas Marsha
I get inspiration from nature and objects around me. I have a passion to colours, typography and skateboards.
-
Heather Walker
i'm happy person that loves cats and climbing on mountains
-
Bradley Hunter
Based in Chicago. I love playing tennis and loud music.


HOME
SKILLS
PROJECTS
CONTACT
Main title
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MEDIA
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I’m a passionate designer that stands in that sweet spot where design and code meet.
contact


Delete a record from object store
item's key
Delete record with key task one
await Todo.delete('task one')
Retrieves an array of a given object's own enumerable string-keyed property [key, value]
pairs
value's type
an array of a given object's own enumerable string-keyed property [key, value]
pairs
await Todo.entries()
Get a record from object store
value's type
item's key
Recorded value
Get record with key task one
await Todo.get('task one')
Iterate over all the record in an object store and perform an async action on each one
async callback returns type
async callback(action)
A list contains async action results
Delete all completed task :
await Todo.iterate(([key, value], index, entries) => {
if (value.completed) return Todo.delete(key);
})
Retrieves the keys of records in an object store
A list containing all object store keys
await Todo.keys()
Put a record in the object store Replaces items with the same keys
value's type
item's value
item's key when no option (keyPath or autoIncrement) specified this argument is required
Recorded value
Using id
as objectStore keyPath option :
await Todo.put({ id: 1, content: 'Pet my cat' })
Using autoIncrement option :
await Todo.put({ content: 'Pet my cat' })
No option (keyPath or autoIncrement) provided :
await Todo.put({ content: 'Pet my cat' }, 'task one')
Retrieves the values of records in an object store
value's type
An list containing all object store values
await Todo.values()
Generated using TypeDoc
Delete all records stored in an object store
await Todo.clear()


It's a vast and sprawling crowd that comes together to watch the Dodgers-Giants 1951 National League Final, and when Bobby Thomson hits the Shot Heard Round the World and wins the pennant race for the Giants, ripples are formed in the heavy undercurrent of time. Meanwhile, on the other side of the planet, another historic shot is fired: the USSR's second atomic detonation. And so Underworld follows the threads that link a symphonic cast of characters: men and women, together and apart, whose search for meaning, survival and connection will spill out over decades.
He speaks in your voice, American, and there's a shine in his eye that's halfway hopeful.


ScrollBarGadget()
Syntax
Result = ScrollBarGadget(#Gadget, x, y, Width, Height, Minimum, Maximum, PageLength [, Flags])Description
Creates a scrollbar gadget in the current GadgetList.
Parameters
#Gadget A number to identify the new gadget. #PB_Any can be used to auto-generate this number. x, y, Width, Height The position and dimensions of the new gadget. Minimum, Maximum The range of values that the scrollbar can take. These values should be between 0 and 10,000 to avoid limitations on some operating systems. PageLength The amount of values that are part of the current displayed "page".
For example you can have a picture which is 100 pixels width and you only see 25 pixels. What you see is a called a 'page', in this example, the page length will be 25, the Minimum will be 0 and the Maximum will be 100.Flags (optional) Flags to modify the gadget behavior. It can be a combination of the following values: #PB_ScrollBar_Vertical : The scrollbar is vertical (instead of horizontal, which is the default).
Return value
Returns nonzero on success and zero on failure. If #PB_Any was used as the #Gadget parameter then the return-value is the auto-generated gadget number on success.
Remarks
A 'mini help' can be added to this gadget using GadgetToolTip().
The following functions can be used to act on this gadget:
- GetGadgetState(): Returns the current slider position (value between 'Minimum' and 'Maximum - PageLength + 1' range).
- SetGadgetState(): Changes the current slider position.
- GetGadgetAttribute(): With one of the following attributes:#PB_ScrollBar_Minimum : Returns the minimum scroll position. #PB_ScrollBar_Maximum : Returns the maximum scroll position. #PB_ScrollBar_PageLength: Returns the PageLength value.- SetGadgetAttribute(): With one of the following attributes:#PB_ScrollBar_Minimum : Changes the minimum scroll position. #PB_ScrollBar_Maximum : Changes the maximum scroll position. #PB_ScrollBar_PageLength: Changes the PageLength value.
Example
If OpenWindow(0, 0, 0, 305, 140, "ScrollBarGadget", #PB_Window_SystemMenu | #PB_Window_ScreenCentered) TextGadget (2, 10, 25, 250, 20, "ScrollBar Standard (start=50, page=30/100)",#PB_Text_Center) ScrollBarGadget (0, 10, 42, 250, 20, 0, 100, 30) SetGadgetState (0, 50) ; set 1st scrollbar (ID = 0) to 50 of 100 TextGadget (3, 10,115, 250, 20, "ScrollBar Vertical (start=100, page=50/300)",#PB_Text_Right) ScrollBarGadget (1, 270, 10, 25, 120 ,0, 300, 50, #PB_ScrollBar_Vertical) SetGadgetState (1, 100) ; set 2nd scrollbar (ID = 1) to 100 of 300 Repeat : Until WaitWindowEvent() = #PB_Event_CloseWindow EndIf
See Also
GetGadgetState(), SetGadgetState(), GetGadgetAttribute(), SetGadgetAttribute(), ScrollAreaGadget()
Supported OS
All


For information about Enterprise Architecture (EA) in general and how EA can help GSA employees and organizations please see the presentation Why EA?
You can also get additional information about the EA program and view awards that we've won here.
GSA EA Analytics and Reporting (GEAR) is a tool to provide commonly used strategic, business and technical information to users throughout GSA in order to provide insight into the common direction for GSAIT and to provide working groups with data that they need to do their jobs.
The source of the data is the EA tool, System Architect. The EA team built a set of openly available web services to provide the data to this portal and to other users who might need direct access to the EA data. Currently, the tool is available to all users within the GSA firewall.
The General Services Administration’s (GSA’s) Enterprise Architecture (EA) program has developed an innovative approach to Business Application Rationalization, a business-focused, data-driven methodology to analyze the IT application portfolio and help guide IT investment decisions. This methodology is used to assess whether a business application should be tolerated, invested, migrated, or eliminated and provides a consistent approach to coordinate discussions between business and IT stakeholders to discuss the strategic direction for GSA’s IT investments. In concert with GSA’s enterprise governance boards, the EA team offers recommendations, which inform the determination to retire, consolidate, replace or modernize GSA’s business applications. You can view the current TIME report generated by the Business Application Rationalization process here.
Tolerate: There are three levels of tolerate.
Invest: Business Application is being developed/upgraded to provide functionality due to new business requirement or elimination of current business applications. Must have an approved EBC or 50% or more of budget is DM&E. Business Applications will have implementation plans detailing the planned enhancements.
Migrate: There are two levels of migrate. Migration planning and funding to complete migration should be approved so the migration can begin in the current fiscal year
Eliminate: Business Application is no longer needed. Elimination date is known. Data migration plan is known
Business applications that are eliminated or soon to be eliminated.
The GEAR team has built RESTful API services, accessible from within the GSA firewall, that provides authoritative data from System Architect. The service powers this web application, but can also be used by other processes or applications. All service responses are in JSON format. The reusable services are listed below, and can be examined in more detail by clicking on the links.
For the purposes of GEAR and the Enterprise Architecture, Business Applications are those larger business-supporting IT
efforts. This list is NOT intended to represent every software application, rather the funded, business-facing projects.
There are two built-in switches on the service that will return fewer Business Applications, but more details about the items returned.
The default
service call will return the entire list of applications, but not all of the fields will be populated. The
Parameters link below will provide details on the different switches that are available. The "JSON Definitions" link
will define what is meant by each field, as well as indicate which fields will be populated when a particular switch
is used.
| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| .../applications/ | No parameters on this API will return the complete list of applications, including websites and retired applications. The fields with values are marked in the table below. |
| .../applications/?ID=<integer> | Using this switch will only return the single application, but will include more detail. Selecting an invalid ID will return a null response. |
| .../applications/?SSO=<string> | Using this switch will return all the applications that match the provided SSO. Selecting an invalid SSO will return a null response. Two-letter offices are not considered valid entries for an SSO. |
In the "Description" column, (1)
indicates that a single value will be returned, while a (m)
indicates that multiple entries
may be returned. Those multiple entries will be separated by commas, unless the field is an array
.
| JSON Field Examples | Description | <default> | ID | SSO |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Alias":"", | (m) Other names by which this application in known. | X | X | X |
| "AppInterfaces":[], | (m) Other applications that this application interfaces with. The results will be the two ID numbers for the application pair. | X | ||
| "ApplicationType":"PBS Regional Application", | (1) Text field, usually describes the regional usage | X | X | X |
| "BusinessPOC":"Kathryn E Hagar", | (m) List of business POCs, separated by commas | X | X | X |
| "Cloud":"No", | (1) Yes or No only | X | X | X |
| "Description":"Application description", | (1) Description of the application | X | X | X |
| "DetBusinessPOC":[{ | (m) A detail array for the business POCs | X | ||
|<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| (1) POC email address | X | ||
| "Id":"1328", | (1) Key that identifies the POC | X | ||
| "Name":"Kathryn E Hagar"}], | (1) POC name | X | ||
| "DetTechnicalPOC":[{ | (m) A detail array for the technical POCs | X | ||
|<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| (1) POC email address | X | ||
| "Id":"1652", | (1) Key that identifies the POC | X | ||
| "Name":"Tamara Render Johnson"}], | (1) POC name | X | ||
| "FismaName":null, | (1) The FISMA System that provides an ATO for this application | X | X | |
| "Id":"5575", | (1) The key that identifies the application | X | X | X |
| "Investment":"Human Resources Management LoB", | (1) Name of the investment that funds this application | X | X | X |
| "Name":"360 Survey Application", | (1) Name of the Application | X | X | X |
| "Owner":"OHRM - Office of Human Resources Strategy (CS)", | (1) 2-letter office that manages this application | X | X | X |
| "RegionClassification":"Regional", | (1) PBS-centric classification. Values will be “National” or “Regional” | X | X | X |
| "RelCapabilities":[{ | (m) A detail array for the FEAF BRM capabilities that are supported by this application | X | ||
| "Description":"Capability Description Here.", | (1) BRM or extended capability description | X | ||
| "Id":"17266", | (1) Key that identifies the capability | X | ||
| "Name":"HC and HR Strategies Development"}], | (1) Capability name | X | ||
| “RelFISMASys":[{ | (m) A detail array for the FISMA System | X | ||
| "Description":"", | (1) Not filled out | X | ||
| "Id":"15258", | (1) Key that identifies the FISMA System | X | ||
| "Name":"Information Technology - TechOps"}], | (1) FISMA System name | X | ||
| "RelStandards":[{ | (m) A detail array of Technologies that compose this application | X | ||
| "Description":"Technology Description Here.", | (1) Description of the technology. | X | ||
| "Id":"6605", | (1) Key that identifies the POC | X | ||
| "Name":"Microsoft IIS 7", | (1) POC name | X | ||
| "Status":"Approved - Maintain"}], | (1) Status of the Standard. | X | ||
| "RetiredYear":"", | (1) Year the application was retired. Will be blank if “Status” is not “Retired” | X | X | X |
| "SSO":"OHRM (C)", | (1) SSO that manages the application. USUALLY the parent SSO to “Owner,” but not always. | X | X | X |
| "ServiceProvider":"GSA", | (1) Service Provider for the application. One of the following values: GSA, USDA Phase 1, USDA Phase 2, CGI, Google, Salesforce, Appian, ESRI, and Vanderweil (VFA). | X | X | X |
| "Status":"Production", | (1) Status of the application. One of the following values: Pre-Production, Production, and Retired. | X | X | X |
| "System":"", | (1) The System name that includes this application | X | X | X |
| "TechnicalPOC":"Tamara Render Johnson", | (m) List of technical POCs, separated by commas | X | X | X |
| "TechnologyPlatform":".Net", | (1) Technology platform for the application. One of the following values: .Net, Appian, ArcGIS, Business Objects, ColdFusion, COTS, Documentum, Drupal, Foxpro, Google App Engine (GAE), J2EE, Oracle, PowerBuilder, Red Hat, Ruby on Rails, Salesforce, Unisys Mainframe, WordPress, Other. | X | X | X |
| "Type":"Application", | (1) “Application” or “Website”. | X | X | X |
| "Url":"", | (1) The URL that points to the applications web interface | X | X | X |
| "Users":null | (1) A range of users of this application. | X | X | X |
The "IT Standards" API exports GSA's IT Standards Profile. For this purpose, IT Standards fit into two categories. This list includes the component parts for GSA's Business Applications. This includes such things as databases, web servers, application servers, etc. The IT Standards Profile also includes technologies that have been approved for installation on GSA provided laptop and desktop machines. This includes items like Adobe Acrobat and Microsoft Office products.
Base URL: https://ea.gsa.gov/eaweb/eaopen/eaopen.svc/it_standards/All| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| .../it_standards/All | This will return a list of all technologies with the category of "Software". The fields with values are marked in the table below. |
In the "Description" column, (1)
indicates that a single value will be returned, while a (m)
indicates that multiple entries
may be returned. Those multiple entries will be separated by commas, unless the field is an array
.
| JSON Field Examples | Description |
|---|---|
| "Category":"Miscellaneous Software", | (1) Software categorization, loosely based on the FEAF’s TRM. There may be multiples, separated by commas. |
| "Comments":null, | (1) General comments regarding the technology |
| "DeploymentType":null, | (1) Describes how the technology is used. Values will be from this list: Desktop, Server, SaaS, PaaS, null |
| "Description":null, | (1) Description of the technology |
| "GoldImage":null, | (1) T/F indicating whether or not this technology is part of the Gold Image |
| "GoldImageComment":null, | (1) If part of the Gold Image, this field carries additional information about the exact build. |
| "Id":"32304", | (1) Key that identifies the technology |
| "Name":"90secondwebsitebuilder 10", | (1) Name of the technology (Manufacturer / Tech Name / Version) |
| "POC":null, | (1) POC Name |
| "ParentCategory":"Miscellaneous", | (1) [Not used in /All] |
| "ReferenceDocuments":null, | (1) Reference information (URL) for documentation |
| "Status":"Proposed", | (1) Technology status. One of the following values: Approved-Preferred, Approved-Maintain, Sunsetting, Exception, Denied, Proposed, Pilot, Not Yet Submitted. |
| "Type":null | (1) Type will always be Software (as of 8-27-2016) |
For the purposes of GEAR and the Enterprise Architecture, Systems are logical groupings of Business Applications that work together to provide a cohesive capability to an end customer.
Base URL: https://ea.gsa.gov/eaweb/eaopen/eaopen.svc/systems/| Parameter | Description |
|---|---|
| .../systems/ | This will return a list of all Systems. |
In the "Description" column, (1)
indicates that a single value will be returned, while a (m)
indicates that multiple entries
may be returned. Those multiple entries will be separated by commas, unless the field is an array
.
| JSON Field Examples | Description |
|---|---|
| "Description":"System description...", | (1) Description of the system |
| "Id":"1328", | (1) Key that identifies the System |
| "Name":"BULKLOAD", | (1) System name |
| "SSO":"OHRM (C)", | (1) SSO that manages the system |


Department of Information and Computing Sciences
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Our candies use the best ingrediente which is sourced locally.
We make sure you recieve your candies as soon as we have finished making them.
For every purchase you make, we will ensure there are no damages or faults and we will check everything.
$6
Lemon Strawberry Coconut Lavander
$3
White Chocolate Chocolate Vanilla
$4
Vanilla Citrus Almond


|
Crowdsource Manager, a companion group template to Crowdsource Reporter, is a responsive group application template (desktop and tablet devices) that allows users within an organization to review problems/observations submitted through the Manager app. |
|
The app presents one or more maps for users to review a problem or observation. Users can look for patterns and clusters, review problem details, update status, and assign responsibility. |
|
The application source code can be downloaded for further configuration. This additional configuration of the application can be applied back to an ArcGIS Online configurable web application item or hosted on your own web server. |


Smart Contract Address: 0x3d2647bb6563d4213f9d97cffb8471e30d4883a9
Location: Ethereum Main Net
Source: Github
Check Online: http://CryptoClass.center/certificate/check.htm


This project provides a group of new functions to calculate the outputs of the two main components of the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System (CFFDRS) at various time scales: the Fire Weather Index (FWI) System and the Fire Behaviour Prediction (FBP) System. Some functions have two versions, table and raster based.
| Version: | 1.8.1 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 3.2.2), rgdal, raster, foreach, spatial.tools |
| Imports: | data.table, geosphere, doParallel |
| Published: | 2018-10-09 |
| Author: | Xianli Wang, Alan Cantin, Marc-André Parisien, Mike Wotton, Kerry Anderson, Brett Moore, Tom Schiks, and Mike Flannigan |
| Maintainer: | Alan Cantin <Alan.Cantin at Canada.ca> |
| BugReports: | https://r-forge.r-project.org/tracker/? func=browse&group_id=1970&atid=5372 |
| License: | GPL-2 |
| URL: | https://r-forge.r-project.org/projects/cffdrs/ |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Citation: | cffdrs citation info |
| CRAN checks: | cffdrs results |
| Reference manual: | cffdrs.pdf |
| Package source: | cffdrs_1.8.1.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: cffdrs_1.8.1.zip, r-release: cffdrs_1.8.1.zip, r-oldrel: cffdrs_1.8.1.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: cffdrs_1.8.1.tgz, r-oldrel: cffdrs_1.8.1.tgz |
| Old sources: | cffdrs archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=cffdrs to link to this page.


Heavy rains in Kenya cause flooding, mudslides that kill 17
by The Associated PressNAIROBI, Kenya — Authorities say heavy rains in western Kenya created overnight floods that have killed 17 people, including 12 people feared buried in a mudslide.
In West Pokot county, local administrator Joel Bulal said Saturday that 12 people died in a mudslide in the village of Nyarkulian and four people are missing in the village of Parua.
West Pokot County Commissioner Apollo Okello said five other people died when their car was swept away on the road between Kitale and Lodwar after two rivers overflowed their banks.
More than 1 million people in East Africa have been affected by flooding after higher-than-normal rainfall.
The International Rescue Committee said this month that many people had been reeling from an earlier severe drought. Now rains in parts of Somalia, South Sudan and Kenya are expected for four to six more weeks.
The Associated Press


|
JavaTM 2 Platform Standard Ed. 5.0 |
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java.lang.Object javax.print.attribute.HashAttributeSet
public class HashAttributeSet
Class HashAttributeSet provides an AttributeSet
implementation with characteristics of a hash map.
| Constructor Summary | |
|---|---|
|
HashAttributeSet()
Construct a new, empty attribute set. |
|
HashAttributeSet(Attribute attribute)
Construct a new attribute set, initially populated with the given attribute. |
|
HashAttributeSet(Attribute[] attributes)
Construct a new attribute set, initially populated with the values from the given array. |
protected |
HashAttributeSet(Attribute[] attributes,
Class<?> interfaceName)
Construct a new attribute set, where the members of the attribute set are restricted to the given interface. |
protected |
HashAttributeSet(Attribute attribute,
Class<?> interfaceName)
Construct a new attribute set, initially populated with the given attribute, where the members of the attribute set are restricted to the given interface. |
|
HashAttributeSet(AttributeSet attributes)
Construct a new attribute set, initially populated with the values from the given set. |
protected |
HashAttributeSet(AttributeSet attributes,
Class<?> interfaceName)
Construct a new attribute set, initially populated with the values from the given set where the members of the attribute set are restricted to the given interface. |
protected |
HashAttributeSet(Class<?> interfaceName)
Construct a new, empty attribute set, where the members of the attribute set are restricted to the given interface. |
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
boolean |
add(Attribute attribute)
Adds the specified attribute to this attribute set if it is not already present, first removing any existing in the same attribute category as the specified attribute value. |
boolean |
addAll(AttributeSet attributes)
Adds all of the elements in the specified set to this attribute. |
void |
clear()
Removes all attributes from this attribute set. |
boolean |
containsKey(Class<?> category)
Returns true if this attribute set contains an attribute for the specified category. |
boolean |
containsValue(Attribute attribute)
Returns true if this attribute set contains the given attribute. |
boolean |
equals(Object object)
Compares the specified object with this attribute set for equality. |
Attribute |
get(Class<?> category)
Returns the attribute value which this attribute set contains in the given attribute category. |
int |
hashCode()
Returns the hash code value for this attribute set. |
boolean |
isEmpty()
Returns true if this attribute set contains no attributes. |
boolean |
remove(Attribute attribute)
Removes the specified attribute from this attribute set if present. |
boolean |
remove(Class<?> category)
Removes any attribute for this category from this attribute set if present. |
int |
size()
Returns the number of attributes in this attribute set. |
Attribute[] |
toArray()
Returns an array of the attributes contained in this set. |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
|---|
clone, finalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Constructor Detail |
|---|
public HashAttributeSet()
public HashAttributeSet(Attribute attribute)
attribute
- Attribute value to add to the set.
NullPointerException
- (unchecked exception) Thrown if attribute
is null.public HashAttributeSet(Attribute[] attributes)
attributes
array to the set in
sequence, starting at index 0. Thus, later array elements may replace
earlier array elements if the array contains duplicate attribute
values or attribute categories.
attributes
- Array of attribute values to add to the set.
If null, an empty attribute set is constructed.
NullPointerException
- (unchecked exception) Thrown if any element of
attributes
is null.public HashAttributeSet(AttributeSet attributes)
attributes
- Set of attributes from which to initialise this set.
If null, an empty attribute set is constructed.protected HashAttributeSet(Class<?> interfaceName)
interfaceName
- The interface of which all members of this
attribute set must be an instance. It is assumed to
be interface Attribute
or a
subinterface thereof.
NullPointerException
- if interfaceName is null.protected HashAttributeSet(Attribute attribute, Class<?> interfaceName)
attribute
- Attribute value to add to the set.interfaceName
- The interface of which all members of this
attribute set must be an instance. It is assumed to
be interface Attribute
or a
subinterface thereof.
NullPointerException
- (unchecked exception) Thrown if attribute
is null.
NullPointerException
- if interfaceName is null.
ClassCastException
- (unchecked exception) Thrown if attribute
is not an
instance of interfaceName
.protected HashAttributeSet(Attribute[] attributes, Class<?> interfaceName)
attributes
array to the set in
sequence, starting at index 0. Thus, later array elements may replace
earlier array elements if the array contains duplicate attribute
values or attribute categories.
attributes
- Array of attribute values to add to the set. If
null, an empty attribute set is constructed.interfaceName
- The interface of which all members of this
attribute set must be an instance. It is assumed to
be interface Attribute
or a
subinterface thereof.
NullPointerException
- (unchecked exception) Thrown if any element of
attributes
is null.
NullPointerException
- if interfaceName is null.
ClassCastException
- (unchecked exception) Thrown if any element of
attributes
is not an instance of
interfaceName
.protected HashAttributeSet(AttributeSet attributes, Class<?> interfaceName)
attributes
- set of attribute values to initialise the set. If
null, an empty attribute set is constructed.interfaceName
- The interface of which all members of this
attribute set must be an instance. It is assumed to
be interface Attribute
or a
subinterface thereof.
ClassCastException
- (unchecked exception) Thrown if any element of
attributes
is not an instance of
interfaceName
.| Method Detail |
|---|
public Attribute get(Class<?> category)
get
in interface AttributeSet
category
- Attribute category whose associated attribute value
is to be returned. It must be a
Class
that implements interface Attribute
.
NullPointerException
- (unchecked exception) Thrown if the category
is null.
ClassCastException
- (unchecked exception) Thrown if the category
is not a
Class
that implements interface Attribute
.public boolean add(Attribute attribute)
add
in interface AttributeSet
attribute
- Attribute value to be added to this attribute set.
NullPointerException
- (unchecked exception) Thrown if the attribute
is null.
UnmodifiableSetException
- (unchecked exception) Thrown if this attribute set does not support
the add()
operation.public boolean remove(Class<?> category)
category
is null, then
remove()
does nothing and returns false.
remove
in interface AttributeSet
category
- Attribute category to be removed from this
attribute set.
UnmodifiableSetException
- (unchecked exception) Thrown if this attribute set does not
support the remove()
operation.public boolean remove(Attribute attribute)
attribute
is null, then
remove()
does nothing and returns false.
remove
in interface AttributeSet
attribute
- Attribute value to be removed from this attribute set.
UnmodifiableSetException
- (unchecked exception) Thrown if this attribute set does not
support the remove()
operation.public boolean containsKey(Class<?> category)
containsKey
in interface AttributeSet
category
- whose presence in this attribute set is
to be tested.
public boolean containsValue(Attribute attribute)
containsValue
in interface AttributeSet
attribute
- value whose presence in this attribute set is
to be tested.
public boolean addAll(AttributeSet attributes)
add(Attribute)
operation had been applied to this attribute set successively with
each element from the specified set.
The behavior of the addAll(AttributeSet)
operation is unspecified if the specified set is modified while
the operation is in progress.
If the addAll(AttributeSet)
operation throws an exception,
the effect on this attribute set's state is implementation dependent;
elements from the specified set before the point of the exception may
or may not have been added to this attribute set.
addAll
in interface AttributeSet
attributes
- whose elements are to be added to this attribute
set.
UnmodifiableSetException
- (Unchecked exception) Thrown if this attribute set does not
support the addAll(AttributeSet) method.
NullPointerException
- (Unchecked exception) Thrown if some element in the specified
set is null, or the set is null.add(Attribute)
public int size()
size
in interface AttributeSet
public Attribute[] toArray()
AttributeSet
toArray
in interface AttributeSet
public void clear()
clear
in interface AttributeSet
UnmodifiableSetException
- (unchecked exception) Thrown if this attribute set does not support
the clear()
operation.public boolean isEmpty()
isEmpty
in interface AttributeSet
public boolean equals(Object object)
equals
in interface AttributeSet
equals
in class Object
object
- to be compared for equality with this attribute set.
Object.hashCode()
,
Hashtable
public int hashCode()
Object.hashCode()
.
hashCode
in interface AttributeSet
hashCode
in class Object
Object.equals(java.lang.Object)
,
Hashtable
|
JavaTM 2 Platform Standard Ed. 5.0 |
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Copyright © 2004, 2010 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Use is subject to license terms. Also see the documentation redistribution policy.


Tips and Techniques for Before, During, and After
As you near the end of your high school years, you've likely become quite a pro at taking tests—from standardized multiple choice exams, to short answers, to more intense essay tests.
Exhausted as you may be from all this test taking, the good news is that these experiences will serve you well in college. Many of the test formats that you are used to will be similar to the ones you'll see again and again. The difference is that college-level tests will cover more material on more complicated subjects. Use the rest of your time in high school to try out the following suggested test-taking techniques.
Multiple Choice
Read instructions carefully to see if there can be more than one answer.
- Cover the choices with your hand and answer the question in your head first. Then check to see if your response is there.
- Eliminate answers you know aren't right.
- Read all the choices before choosing your final answer.
- Don't change your answer over and over. Generally your first instinct is right (unless you've misread the question).
- If you can't answer a question right away, put a mark next to it and come back to it later.
- Make educated guesses if there is no penalty for wrong answers.
- Use clues from questions you can answer to help you with questions you can't answer.
True/False
- If any part of the question is false, the answer is false.
- Words such as never, always, and every mean that the statement must be true all of the time. Statements with these kinds of words are often false.
- Words such as usually, sometimes, and generally mean that the statement can be true or false depending on the situation. Statements with these types of words are often true.
Essay Tests
- Read questions carefully to be sure you know exactly what they are asking. For example, if a question asks you to summarize, don't include every last detail.
- Create an outline before you write. Use the outline to organize your thoughts and let you get right to the point when you start writing. If you don't have time to finish writing you may get partial credit for the ideas that you have outlined.
- If the question asks for facts, don't give your opinion.
- Keep your introductions and conclusions brief. An effective method is to repeat part of the question in the topic sentence to show that you are answering exactly what is asked.
- Write clearly and concisely. Provide just one main idea per paragraph, and include details to support that idea.
- Budget your time. If you have an hour to write two essays, don't spend more than 30 minutes on each.
- Write neatly, so professors can read your answers.
- Proofread your work.
Short Answer
- Prepare for short-answer tests by using flash cards with definitions of key terms and phrases discussed in class.
- Make an educated guess if you don't know an answer. A partially correct answer will gain you more test points than leaving it blank.
- Respond with simple, concise sentences, not long flowery ones. Try to pack each sentence with important information.
Open Book
- With open-book tests, it's all about preparation, especially organizing your resources.
- Put tabs on important pages in the books you'll be using so you can find critical information easily and quickly during the test.
- Know the layout and structure of your text books.
- Number your class notes and create a coordinating table of contents for easy access on test day.
- Write down formulas and other data you'll need on a separate sheet of paper.
Source: Collegeboard.com
|
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mortgage or insurance planning and/or products are required, College and Retirement
Solutions, LLC may refer you to one of its affiliates, including The Ziering Insurance
Agency. Any discussion of the Tax implications of planning is strictly for general
purposes. Neither "CRS" nor its representatives may give specific tax advice. One
should seek the advice and counsel of their accountant and/or tax advisor for information
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Work Day Scheduler
A simple calendar app for scheduling your work day
HERE IS DAY
HERE IS DATE
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6pm
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SAVE


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To program the Digital Chroma, you should have a basic grasp of subtractive synthesis. The Chroma, like all subtractive synthesizers, works by generating raw wave shapes that have loads of harmonics, and feeding them into filters that reduce the harmonic content. Crafting sounds involves deciding how the various characteristics of the sound (pitch, pulse width, filter tuning and volume) should vary in time, and vary with key velocity, {_lever levers}, etc., and figuring out how to make the available tools ({_envelope} generators, {_sweep} generators, etc.) make those shapes.
This section will assume you basically "get" subtractive synthesis, but are unfamiliar with the Chroma. Perhaps you bought a used Chroma simply to install the Digital Chroma Upgrade Kit, because you liked the sound of it.


ESTBeaconSettingsManager Class Reference
| Inherits from | NSObject |
| Declared in | ESTBeaconSettingsManager.h |
Overview
ESTDeviceSettingsManager allows to manager device settings interaction like writing to peripheral and saving to the Estimote Cloud.
Tasks
Other Methods
-
settingsCollection
property
Convenience Settings API
-
deviceInfo
property -
power
property -
connectivity
property -
iBeacon
property -
estimoteLocation
property -
estimoteTLM
property -
eddystoneUID
property -
eddystoneURL
property -
eddystoneTLM
property -
eddystoneEID
property -
GPIO
property -
sensors
property -
eddystoneConfigurationService
property
Advanced Settings API
-
– performOperation:
-
– performOperations:
-
– performOperationsFromArray:
-
– performOperationsFromArray:completion:
Notifications
Internal Methods
Properties
GPIO
Group of settings related to device GPIO configuration.
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) ESTSettingsGPIO *GPIO
Declared In
ESTBeaconSettingsManager.h
connectivity
Group of settings related to Connectivity packet.
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) ESTSettingsConnectivity *connectivity
Declared In
ESTBeaconSettingsManager.h
deviceInfo
Group of settings related to Device info configuration.
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) ESTSettingsDeviceInfo *deviceInfo
Declared In
ESTBeaconSettingsManager.h
eddystoneConfigurationService
Group of settings related to Generic Attribute Profile.
@property (nonatomic, readonly) ESTSettingsEddystoneConfigurationService *eddystoneConfigurationService
Declared In
ESTBeaconSettingsManager.h
eddystoneEID
Group of settings related to Eddystone EID packet configuration.
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) ESTSettingsEddystoneEID *eddystoneEID
Declared In
ESTBeaconSettingsManager.h
eddystoneTLM
Group of settings related to Eddystone TLM packet configuration.
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) ESTSettingsEddystoneTLM *eddystoneTLM
Declared In
ESTBeaconSettingsManager.h
eddystoneUID
Group of settings related to Eddystone UID packet configuration.
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) ESTSettingsEddystoneUID *eddystoneUID
Declared In
ESTBeaconSettingsManager.h
eddystoneURL
Group of settings related to Eddystone URL packet configuration.
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) ESTSettingsEddystoneURL *eddystoneURL
Declared In
ESTBeaconSettingsManager.h
estimoteLocation
Group of settings related to Estimote Location packet configuration.
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) ESTSettingsEstimoteLocation *estimoteLocation
Declared In
ESTBeaconSettingsManager.h
estimoteTLM
Group of settings related to Estimote Telemetry packet configuration.
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) ESTSettingsEstimoteTLM *estimoteTLM
Declared In
ESTBeaconSettingsManager.h
iBeacon
Group of settings related to Apple iBeacon packet configuration.
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) ESTSettingsIBeacon *iBeacon
Declared In
ESTBeaconSettingsManager.h
power
Group of settings related to Power management.
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) ESTSettingsPower *power
Declared In
ESTBeaconSettingsManager.h
Instance Methods
initWithDevice:peripheral:
Method allows to initialize object with device and peripheral.
- (instancetype)initWithDevice:(ESTDeviceLocationBeacon *)device peripheral:(ESTPeripheralTypeUtility *)peripheral
Parameters
- device
Device to be managed (not retained).
- peripheral
Peripheral implementing
ESTPeripheralConfigurable
protocol.
Return Value
Initialized object.
Declared In
ESTBeaconSettingsManager.h
performOperation:
Method allows to perform single setting read/write operation
- (void)performOperation:(id<ESTBeaconOperationProtocol>)operation
Parameters
- operation
Setting operation.
Declared In
ESTBeaconSettingsManager.h
performOperations:
Method allows to perform few setting read/write operations.
- (void)performOperations:(id<ESTBeaconOperationProtocol>)firstOperation, ...
Parameters
- firstOperation
First setting operation.
Declared In
ESTBeaconSettingsManager.h
performOperationsFromArray:
Method allows to perform group of setting read/write operations provided in an array.
- (void)performOperationsFromArray:(NSArray<id<ESTBeaconOperationProtocol> > *)operationsArray
Parameters
- operationsArray
Array of setting operations.
Declared In
ESTBeaconSettingsManager.h
performOperationsFromArray:completion:
Method allows to perform group of setting read/write operations provided in an array.
- (void)performOperationsFromArray:(NSArray<id<ESTBeaconOperationProtocol> > *)operationsArray completion:(ESTDeviceSettingsManagerOperationsCompletionBlock _Nullable)completion
Parameters
- operationsArray
Array of setting operations.
- completion
Completion block that should be executed after all operations succeed or any of the operation fails.
Declared In
ESTBeaconSettingsManager.h
unregisterAllNotifications
Stop calling handle blocks for previously registered notifications by clearing the notification registry.
- (void)unregisterAllNotifications
Declared In
ESTBeaconSettingsManager.h


Copyright © 2012 Cromwell Enage
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
Table of Contents
namespace boost { template <typename Graph, typename Value> class vertex_property_map_gen { public: typedef // implementation_defined type; }; } // namespace boost
This metafunction returns a type that models the Lvalue Property Map concept. If the Graph
type models the Vertex List Graph concept and possesses an internal
vertex_index
property map whose value type is an integer type, then the return type will
wrap an iterator_property_map
around a std::deque
of Value
elements; otherwise,
the return type will wrap an associative_property_map
around a
std::map
that associates vertices with Value
objects. This latter quality frees BGL
algorithms such as weak_components()
from requiring a vertex_index
property map (either
as an input argument or stored internally by the input graph) if some other
utility property map is not specified.
Also, unlike iterator_property_map
and associative_property_map
instances,
a vertex_property_map_gen::type
object can stand alone in a persistent
setting, e.g.:
template <typename Graph> void foo(Graph const& g) { using namespace boost; typename vertex_property_map_gen<Graph,default_color_type>::type color_map; // Do something with color_map. }
|
Name |
Expression |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
Key type |
|
Same as |
|
Value type |
|
Same as |
|
Reference type |
|
Same as |
|
Category type |
|
Same as |
|
Constructor |
|
Constructs a |
|
Copy constructor |
|
Defined by the Copy Constructible concept. |
|
Assignment operator |
|
Defined by the Assignable concept. |
|
Property access |
|
Accesses the property value of the specified vertex. |
|
Name |
Expression |
Description |
|---|---|---|
|
Vertex property map creation |
namespace boost { template <typename Value, typename Graph> typename vertex_property_map_gen<Graph,Value>::type make_vertex_property_map(Graph const& g); } // namespace boost
|
Requires the |
|
Vertex property map creation with value |
namespace boost { template <typename Graph, typename Value> typename vertex_property_map_gen<Graph,Value>::type make_vertex_property_map(Graph const& g, Value); } // namespace boost
|
Requires a |
|
Vertex predecessor map creation |
namespace boost { template <typename Graph> typename vertex_property_map_gen< Graph , typename graph_traits<Graph>::vertex_descriptor >::type make_vertex_predecessor_map(Graph const& g); } // namespace boost
|
Creates and returns a |
Last revised: September 09, 2012 at 18:19:03 GMT |


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main(String[])
- Static method in class p2pchat.
P2PChat
mainView
- Static variable in class p2pchat.view.
P2PChatView
MainView
- Class in
p2pchat.view.views
MainView()
- Constructor for class p2pchat.view.views.
MainView
Constructor
makeCompactGrid(Container, int, int, int, int, int, int)
- Static method in class utils.
SpringUtilities
Aligns the first
rows
*
cols
components of
parent
in a grid.
makeGrid(Container, int, int, int, int, int, int)
- Static method in class utils.
SpringUtilities
Aligns the first
rows
*
cols
components of
parent
in a grid.
Message
- Class in
p2pchat.model
Message(MessageType, String, String, String, String, boolean)
- Constructor for class p2pchat.model.
Message
MessageSubtype
- Enum in
p2pchat.model
MessageType
- Enum in
p2pchat.model
MIN_HEIGHT
- Static variable in class p2pchat.view.
P2PChatView
MIN_WIDTH
- Static variable in class p2pchat.view.
P2PChatView
model
- Static variable in class p2pchat.server.
P2PServer
model
- Static variable in class p2pchat.view.
P2PChatView
mouseClicked(MouseEvent)
- Method in class p2pchat.controller.listeners.
FeaturesMouseListener
mouseEntered(MouseEvent)
- Method in class p2pchat.controller.listeners.
FeaturesMouseListener
mouseExited(MouseEvent)
- Method in class p2pchat.controller.listeners.
FeaturesMouseListener
mousePressed(MouseEvent)
- Method in class p2pchat.controller.listeners.
FeaturesMouseListener
mouseReleased(MouseEvent)
- Method in class p2pchat.controller.listeners.
FeaturesMouseListener
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