--- title: July 2014 ---
Welcome to the latest edition of the Jacobs Alumni Newsletter! Our top stories this month are Graduation 2014, updates on the Alumni Consulting Initiative as part of the university’s change process and the successful completion of Phase I of the Almalink 2.0 relaunch!
Congratulations and a very warm-hearted welcome to a total of 386 new alumni! On Friday, June 6, 262 Bachelor, 70 Master and 54 PhD students received their diplomas at their graduation. An audience of more than 1,200 guests cheered for the Class of 2014 as President Katja Windt, and keynote speaker Angela Titzrath, Board Member for Human Resources of Deutsch Post DHL, congratulated the graduates on their achievements.
With current developments and challenges at Jacobs, the common theme of the event was naturally change and what it means to one’s personal development. President Windt quoted on Bertolt Brecht, saying that “only those who change remain true to themselves”, while emphasizing the importance of retaining the universities core values and principles in the process – internationality and transdisciplinarity in research and teaching at a place of inspiration.
Keynote speaker Angela Titzrath encouraged the graduates to take on responsibility and to grow into leadership positions. “I am deeply convinced that what the world needs in such a challenging environment is more bright and passionate people ready to take on responsibility – in society, in business as well as in politics,” she said.
In an analogy, Alumni President Peter Dabrowski highlighted that change is as much a theme of today, as was pioneering for the first graduating Class of 2004. These are experiences that will shape your character and personal development for the rest of your life.
Highlights on stage were not only student live performances among others by Lebogang Shilakoe, as the Alumni scholarship recipient of Class 2006, Ernesto Gonzales and Rosario Freire, but also the undergraduate and graduate speeches by Eva Schmitz and Tilak KC. We invite you to watch their commencement speeches below:
In typical Jacobs graduation tradition, the Bremen weather presented itself from its best side with clear blue skies and 28 degrees while the ceremony finished off with a well-attended reception in front of the IRC and a graduation ball that went on until the early morning hours.
Graduation pictures are available at http://shotby.zetta.photography/commencementportraits/. Find yourself and if you like your picture, please email us at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>and we’ll arrange for you to receive your picture.
Contributor: Alumni Board
Dear Alumni of Jacobs University,
First, I’d like to thank you all for the support you, as alumni, have shown your alma mater and me in recent months and for being an active part in Jacobs University’s Change Process through the Change Teams, the Curriculum Sounding Board and the Alumni Consulting Initiative.
Back in April, I presented an overview of the ongoing realignment of Jacobs University to some of you at the gathering of the Jacobs University Foundation of America and Alumni Association in New York.
I am happy to now inform all of you in this newsletter about the latest developments and recent changes in the new organizational structure of Jacobs University.
In June, we presented our plans of the realignment of Jacobs University at meetings of a special committee set up by the City State of Bremen (Begleitausschuss) and the Board of Governors of Jacobs University. I am pleased about the great approval and support we received for our plans at both meetings.
The business plan for Jacobs University includes significant changes: With DIVERSITY, HEALTH, MOBILITY, we have already introduced three new focus areas for research and education.
“Diversity of modern societies” describes the research area that regards the individual in his or her entity as a biological, psychological and socially determined being and thus contributes to decipher modern global society. In “Health with focus on bioactive substances” Jacobs University develops solutions for a healthier world. Researchers are investigating the safe application of bioactive substances in food, plants and marine algae and medication. “Mobility of people, goods and information” deals with understanding the global movement of people goods and information. All three foci have one thing in common: they unite our expertise in different disciplines to develop new solutions and approaches.
We are currently working on reshaping our portfolio of undergraduate and graduate study programs offered to students starting in 2015. Our new program portfolio will consist of study programs with an economically viable perspective. All new study programs will be designed with a clear focus on efficiency, sustainability and attractiveness, by which we mean academic excellence as well as relevance for market demands.
In addition, a new organizational structure of Jacobs University is also an important part of the realignment of Jacobs University. The Executive Board is formed by myself and the Managing Director, while the next senior level includes three Academic Deans and Heads of Administrative Departments.
After a positive decision by the Board of Governors at their June meeting, the appointments for the position of Managing Director and the positions of two of the Deans have now been made.
Prof. Dr. Michael Hülsmann has joined me in the Executive Board of Jacobs University as Managing Director of Jacobs University. He is responsible for all non-academic departments. We will jointly develop Jacobs University’s strategy and be responsible for reaching the set economic targets.
Prof. Dr. Arvid Kappas has been appointed as Dean. He is responsible for the entire area of Graduate and Executive Education as well as the focus area DIVERSITY (in modern societies).
Prof. Dr. Werner Nau has also taken on the role of Dean with responsibility for the entire area of Undergraduate Education and the focus area HEALTH (focus on bioactive substances).
The third position of Dean, responsible for Research and Transfer and the focus area MOBILITY (of people, goods and information), will be filled externally. Until then, Arvid Kappas and Werner Nau will also be responsible for these areas on an interim basis.
Together with this leadership team I look forward to steering Jacobs University into a successful future.
I also look forward to working and exchanging ideas with the Jacobs University’s Alumni Association and very much appreciate your continuous involvement and support of the Change Process.
In September, I will meet you at the Homecoming and the double reunion to celebrate the 10th anniversary of the Alumni Association with you.
Take care and best wishes
Katja Windt
AlmaLink Phase I is completed! And you’re looking at it right now : Previewed at the Jacobs University Foundation of America reunion at the end of April, the new version of AlmaLink officially went live under www.jacobs-alumni.de on Graduation day in June. The system, currently still under development, was presented to the freshest of graduates in Peter’s Alumni address at the end of the Graduation ceremony on campus.
As mentioned before, the current state of the system represents the outcome of the first out of 3 phases of development of AlmaLink 2.0. It comprises of the relaunch of the website and the content pages, with user registration and login. Some webpages are available to the public, and others are available only to logged in members. Thus, we are able to present ourselves to the outside world and share confidential information inside the Association.
Although the user profiles can’t offer much more functionality at current time other than logging in and commenting on articles, we invited all the Graduates of the class of 2014 to register as new users. This way, the Alumni of Class 2014 are part of our platform from the very beginning and they even have to option to get involved in the further development of the system at a very early stage, just like the beta-users.
What is coming up in Phase II will be the full profile functionality: interactions between users through messages, groups, forums, blogs, so you can, for example, find out what the Alumni Chapter Berlin is planning this month and be able to post an opening for an internship in your company. Also, search capabilities based on profile information will be available, so you can easily find Alumni in the next city you travel to. Phase II should be ready by Homecoming, in September.
Phase III is planned to be completed by the beginning of next year and it will integrate external stakeholders to the Alumni Association, like the Jacobs Career Service Center, and event management so that we can organize the next Homecoming directly through AlmaLink.
The development of the system is an organic process and is not set in stone. The fact that you are seeing this Newsletter directly in AlmaLink, and not in PDF form as before, is an experiment and a test to see if the current system can fulfill our needs for the future. Please bare with us if the layouting is not perfect or some parts are missing, we’re still working on it . That being said, your feedback is very valuable so please let us know what you think could be improved with the current newsletter. We require and appreciate your help as Alumni to guide us through the process of shaping AlmaLink into the system that we all want to keep us connected. You can provide your valuable feedback by getting in contact with me at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Contributor: Stefan Anca ’07
This time Homecoming (19th-21st September 2014) will focus on us, on our memories.
We have planned to attend lectures on Friday (as well as a very fine career symposium for those of us who are interested), a cheer up, a lunch, which will mark the 10th anniversary of Homecoming, the official dinner for the graduating classes and of course the BIG PARTAAAY.
On Sunday we will stumble out on a late brunch and will test our energy on fun sports events.
Contributor: Iliyana Heucke ’04
The teams that comprise the Alumni Consulting Initiative are now complete and have been hard at work in recent weeks. The ACI presently seeks to support Jacobs along two workstreams: Student Marketing Support and Tuition Financing. Interim results are currently in discussion with the university leadership, and the teams will complete their current engagements by the end of summer.
Student Marketing Support focuses on how to shape recruiting strategy based on analysis of global education markets and of aggregate past admissions data. The workstream further seeks to find ways for alumni to get more involved with student marketing – calls to action to follow soon.
Tuition Financing is mapping out options to reduce the debt pool currently owed to Jacobs directly, looks to find ways for “healthier” student loans to be available in the future and has investigated a range of options for tuition funding that go beyond mere cash loans. There is something in the works for Homecoming in September – stay tuned!
In case of further questions or ideas, feel free to contact the ACI coordinators Axel Domeyer ’06, Jan-Dirk Früchtenicht ’05, or Henrik Maedler ’07.
Contributor: Henrik Maedler ’07
Ever were afraid telling your colleagues what you expect from them when they did not perform perfectly, but you managed to do so in an appropriate way?
Ever got really mad at yourself for not being able to manage your time wisely and started your successful strategy for work-life balance?
Ever wanted to share your personal experience with depression, with being a parent or being your own boss?
The Alumni Board invites you to become a blogger for the new Alumni Blog Initiative (ABI). ABI allows you to share your personal experience, life stories, wisdom and expertise with all Alumni, current Jacobs students as well as the world. For contributing as a blogger, contact us at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Contributor: Suna Turhan ’10
Nine start-up founders used the chance and presented their projects at Jacobs University’s first Entrepreneurs’ Day in front of representatives from business and finance. Their ideas ranged from information technology, finance and industry services to energy provision and biotechnology.
The event underlines Jacobs University’s aim to strengthen the entrepreneurial spirit among its students and alumni and to intensify contacts to the industry at the same time.
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Katja Windt, President of Jacobs University, said: “Our experience has shown that during such events, and at Jacobs University in general, ideas are generated and further developed. We know of several successful start-ups which students and alumni are part of. “
To identify more opportunities for cooperation and to support start-ups even more in future, was one of the goals, she said. “Our university is a meeting point. But encounters should not only take place based on background, interest or professions on our campus alone, we’d like to increasingly build on our contacts to partners outside of Jacobs University. It is those kinds of networks that our students can benefit from way beyond their education,” Prof. Dr.-Ing. Windt continued.
Potential start-up founders at the event were happy about the opportunity to gain some valuable feedback: “There are so many talented students at Jacobs University with very innovative start-up ideas. But to turn them into reality someday, investment is necessary. This event is such a great chance to get in touch with entrepreneurs and potential supporters and to get a step closer to realize your idea,“ reckons Philipp Herzberg, one of the alumni presenting their project.
The Entrepreneurs’ Day, which is to become a regular event on campus, is only one of the measures to strengthen the entrepreneurial spirit on campus. “Together with students, faculty, alumni and industry representatives we’d like to initiate, accompany, and foster of growth-oriented start-ups. We are thinking about a broad range of offers such as a start-up consultancy, attractive and integrated education that inspires and enables a future generation of entrepreneurs as well as further education and a strong network of entrepreneurs, “explained President Windt. In a first step the university will be offering office space on campus to start-ups.
Contributor: Alumni Office
Today, MIT is a world famous private university with the 6th largest endowment ($11 billion) in the United States. It wasn’t always so.
In 1859 William Barton Rogers submitted a proposal to the legislature of the State of Massachusetts for a new private institution of higher learning that would be housed on publicly owned lands in Boston. Two years later, on April 10, 1861 the governor of Massachusetts signed a charter that granted land for a new private institution of higher education, the “Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Boston Society of Natural History”. Two days later the American Civil War began.
Because of the war, Rogers, who had been appointed President, had great difficulty raising funds for the new institution. Nevertheless, after the war ended, in May, 1865, MIT’s first classes were held in rented space in Boston, and in 1866 its first building was built.
The war was not the only reason it was difficult to raise funds. Most people failed to see a need for, or to understand, the new style of education that MIT represented.
MIT survived for eight years, in a constant state of financial crisis. Then, the Panic of 1873, a severe economic collapse, hit North America and Europe. The subsequent Long Depression lasted 6 years. Enrollments at MIT decreased sharply after 1875 and the financial situation, never easy, became grim. By 1878 – its thirteenth year – MIT had abolished three professorships; reduced faculty salaries; and the Board of Trustees considered closing the institution. Under these circumstances, the second president retired. The trustees were unable to find a successor. They asked Rogers, who was then 75 years of age, to return as interim President.
President Rogers succeeded in finding a young but distinguished successor who assumed the Presidency in 1881 – the 16th year of operation. One reason it was difficult for MIT to build a stable financial foundation in this period was the existence of the Lawrence Scientific School at Harvard – the oldest university in the United States – and potential benefactors were at best indifferent and often hostile to the young institution.
The new President and the Trustees lobbied the Massachusetts Legislature for a $200,000 grant (More than $4 million today). Although MIT was private, they successfully argued that these public monies would aid the industrial development of Massachusetts. The Legislature approved a grant of $300,000 to be paid over two years. In the following years, the State continued to provide grants amounting to more than $1.6 million (Probably more than $40 million today) until the practice was ended in 1921.
Between 1881 and 1897, enrollment quadrupled from 302 to 1,198 students, faculty appointments grew from 38 to 156, and the endowment grew from $137,000 (About $2.8 million today) to $1,798,000 (About $43 million).
One hundred and forty years after the proposal for founding MIT was submitted to the State of Massachusetts, a plan was proposed to the City-State of Bremen to create a private university of higher learning with a style of education new to Germany. The City-State approved the plan and contributed seed monies, and the new university obtained the land and buildings of a decommissioned military base for use as a campus.
Two years later, in September 2001, Jacobs University – then called International University Bremen – opened, just days after the 9/11 attack in America. The effects of 9/11 created great uncertainty that lasted for many years in Europe as well as in the United States.
The new university became the first private university in Germany to be accredited and, in 2004, graduated its first class. During this initial period of academic success, efforts to raise endowment funds were less successful. The University developed for five years in a constant state of financial crisis. Then, in 2006, it received what was at the time the largest donation for education in European history when the Jacobs family committed €200 million. To honor their confidence in its future, the University changed its name to Jacobs University Bremen.
Almost immediately, in 2007, a severe global economic collapse hit North America and Europe. The subsequent Long, or Great, Recession had already lasted 6 years. The financial situation of the University, never easy, was grim.
The President and the Trustees successfully lobbied the City-State for supplemental monies based on the tax revenues brought in by its activities. Although Jacobs was private, it successfully argued that the requested public monies would aid the industrial development of the City-State. The City-State approved a grant against a background of political controversy and continued to provide grants with the understanding that the practice would soon be ended.
By 2014 – its thirteenth year – Jacobs had secured its budget through 2017 but was still struggling to raise sufficient funds to cover the impending budget shortfall after that time. Under these circumstances, the third president, who had served less than one year, left the university.
In the meantime, the growing number of alumni of Jacobs University have gone on to prestigious graduate schools and to significant positions in corporations; the faculty have succeeded in winning an ever-growing number of research contracts and grants; and students from more than 100 countries rate Jacobs University highly and testify to the effectiveness of its educational programs.
In similar circumstances, the MIT Trustees were unable to find a successor and asked President Rogers, who was then 75 years of age, to return as interim President. It remains to be seen how the Jacobs Trustees will proceed. Although the MIT Trustees considered closing the institution, that turned out to have been the wrong path to consider.
Building a great university is not the work of one year, or of one decade. Building a great university is not for the faint of heart. Success neither comes, nor can it be judged, in the heat of the moment.
Contributor: Howard L. Resnikoff, Chairman Jacobs University Foundation of America
This time it is Hamburg’s turn to host. Topics such as the implementation of AlmaLink, the change process at Jacobs, involvement of alumni and the homecoming reunion will be in the limelight apart from other issues.
We have extended an invitation to many contributors to join us and exchange some of his thoughts on Alumni relations with the University and how we can maximise our impact. Not to forget that it is customary after a long day of discussion, to wind up with a taste of Hamburg’s nightlife. This is where we hope to be joined in large numbers by our Alumni from the chapter in Hamburg as well as anyone nearby.
Contributor: Alumni Board


Crystal Palace v Liverpool: match preview
by Guardian StaffLiverpool head to Selhurst Park having gone clear and beyond in the title race but with injury concerns. Potentially missing both Mohamed Salah and Andy Robertson hurts both attack and defence, with Robertson contributing four assists so far this season while Salah has scored six goals. Palace have the seventh-best defence in the league, but their lack of firepower up top has seen them score only 10 goals, the second lowest tally. If Liverpool score first, they will expect to take home three points. Will Dickson
Saturday 3pm
Venue Selhurst Park
Last season Crystal Palace 0 Liverpool 2
Referee Kevin Friend
This season G8 Y31 R3 4.25 cards/game
Odds H 33-5 A 1-2 D 4-1
CRYSTAL PALACE
Subs from Henderson, Hennessey, Schlupp, Dann, Kelly, Sakho, Camarasa, Riedewald, McCarthy, Meyer, Benteke, Dreher, Tavares, Lokilo, Wickham
Doubtful Ward (groin), Zaha (foot)
Injured None
Suspended None
Discipline Y24 R0
Form WWLDLL
Leading scorer Ayew 4
LIVERPOOL
Subs from Adrián, Lonergan, Kelleher, Milner, Keïta, Shaqiri, Origi, Matip, Gomez, Lallana, Oxlade-Chamberlain, Brewster, Jones, Hoever
Doubtful Gomez (knee), Matip (knee), Robertson (ankle), Salah (ankle), Shaqiri (calf)
Injured Clyne (knee, Jan)
Suspended None
Discipline Y13 R0
Form WWDWWW
Leading scorer Mané 7


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USA closer and closer...
June 4, 2008
Alright, so it's been one more step on the way to the US... Today I bought the flight ticket, which doesn't imply I'll go for sure (I will if the guys at the American Embassy think it's alright and give the visa). It seems July 26th. is the date I'll get on a plane from Swiss Air in Madrid to, after a connection in Zurich and many hours I'm sure will be everything but happy (iwanttogobuthategoodbyes) I'll land in NYC's JFK. Yes, you read well, New York City; and yes you also remember right, I'm going to Tempe, AZ. The reason why i'm stepping out of the plane halfway is I'll meet my italian friend Ago there, we'll hop on a car and go for a fast-but-intense coast2coast trip, yeah!
The schedule is not fully set-up but for sure we'll spend that weekend in NYC and we need to be in the West by Aug. 12th. so it's gotta be fast :) In-between, many adventures, landscapes, history... I'll post more as it comes, but by now I just wanted to make sure everyone knows about the date (specially my American friends, take it into account, this spanish is bangin' on the US really soon!!!).
The schedule is not fully set-up but for sure we'll spend that weekend in NYC and we need to be in the West by Aug. 12th. so it's gotta be fast :) In-between, many adventures, landscapes, history... I'll post more as it comes, but by now I just wanted to make sure everyone knows about the date (specially my American friends, take it into account, this spanish is bangin' on the US really soon!!!).


Doomsday Clock
By Geoff Johns (writer), Gary Frank (pencil) & Brad Anderson (colors). (2017-2019)
The original Watchmen is a seminal 12-issue superhero comic by Alan Moore (writer) & Dave Gibbons (artist), published from 1986 to 1987, that transformed the comics world. A superhero tale in which all-but-one of the superheroes have no superhuman powers at all.
The decades since have spawned a number of remakes, sequels, prequels and spin-offs. Zach Snyder's movie adaptation has its adherents, and the HBO miniseries sequel was, in my opinion, excellent. But other than that they have not been very good. I initially thought the 12 issue sequel Doomsday Clock comic would fall solidly into this group, and passed it by when it came out a couple of years ago.
But on reading it last week, I really enjoyed it. It really swings for the fences, providing a smashing tale, with good arcs for both old and new characters, and a genuine attempt to advance the conversation that Watchmen started by deconstructing the superhero.
We last saw Dr Manhattan at the end of Watchmen, having been isolated from humanity by Adrien Veidt's plans, tired of his entanglement in the messy complexity of people's lives, threatening to leave the galaxy "for one less complicated".
In Doomsday Clock, Adrian Veidt, genius that he is, invents a means to follow Dr Manhattan, seeking his help with the re-emergence of imminent nuclear war brought about by the revelations in Rorschach's journal, and it becomes clear that the "simpler place" Dr Manhattan has journeyed to is the DC universe, populated by Superman, Batman, and the whole stable of DC heroes.
Various other Watchmen characters make their way, or are transferred to, the DC universe. This has been described across the comic industry as "the crossover event nobody wanted", but personally I felt it was really well done.
Two of the most prominently deceased Watchmen characters are brought back into play, using mechanisms I thought were legitimate and, on occasion, laugh-out-loud satisfying as they reached their resolution.
In particular, they find a way to bring back Rorschach. Or, at least, a Rorschach. Another individual picks up the mask. This seems like the most controversial of the many decisions in the book, but it's handled deftly, and there are both similarities and differences between the old and the new Rorschach, making it an interesting character in its own right. In some ways this transformation is reminiscent of HBO Watchmen's treatment of Hooded Justice - retaining everything we already knew about the character, but performing an astonishing piece of narrative ju-jitsu to utterly transform everything about what that meant.
The DC heroes slowly realize their world is being altered by Dr Manhattan's manipulations, tying this crossover into the latest of the DC universe's "crisis" events, as Manhattan experiments with this reality, in order to understand it. In doing so, he uncovers deep truths that affect the inter-relationship between all the DC time-lines and universes, establishing that historical stories, such as Superman's original appearance in Action Comics of the 1930s, represent realities that still exist, out in the multiverse, unaffected by subsequent commercial re-ploughing that forever drives Superman's origin story further forward in time over the years. All these worlds, including the various DC pre-crisis worlds, are accessible to Manhattan's powers.
Incidentally, this enables DC to undo the changes wrought by the last few years' unpopular "New 52" era. This meant nothing to me when I started reading, I know basically nothing about American comics, only being familiar with the fabulous British 2000AD. I was spurred into reading around the DC lore, and by the time I was done, I understood that the New 52 reality included things like The Justice League's alternate roster, the early death of Clark's parents, which distances Superman from humanity and changes the character dramatically, the loss of the Justice Society of America from Earth, and the loss of Wally West's Flash. All these and more are written off as the effects of Dr Manhattan's meddling, isolated and preserved in just another spun-off part of the multiverse, while being jettisoned from the privileged metaverse, the core template from which all subsequent multiversal threads are forged, as it reverts to more-or-less its former state when Manhattan's changes are undone during Doomsday Clock's story.
In doing all this, Manhattan exhibits his usual clinical detachment from the human consequences of his actions, setting himself up as the villain of the piece, an uncaring "being of inaction", in contrast to Superman, the literal "man of Action".
This forms a genuine riposte to Watchmen's criticism of the superhero genre. Yes, the DC heroes inhabit a simpler world, but the simplicity serves a purpose. Escaping the mundane enhances the mythological power of what they represent as symbols. Particularly the value of hope, as personified by Superman, which, although possibly somewhat overwrought in the telling - quite literally, in this tale - makes all other things possible.
I was especially pleased with the quiet, understated places Doomsday Clock goes with Mothman's, back-story. The character in Watchmen was only a punchline, a recurring throwaway reference to instability and alcoholism, telegraphing his subsequent mental breakdown. But here, we see him fully fleshed out.
Like the rest of the Watchmen heroes, he has no magical superhuman powers, but is still able to pull off entirely unexpected and superhuman-seeming stunts, merely by the virtue of his own unique kind of extreme mental and emotional resourcefulness. Flawed, but aware of his faults, and able to pull it together when he needs to, he befriends the younger Rorschach II during their overlapping stays in a mental institution, becoming a beacon of warmth, kindness, and generosity to the younger man.
He acts as a symbol, if you will, that just as Watchmen's ruthless gaze influenced the wider world of comics, so the comic world gazes back. They see us, all the real-world, fully-rounded humans, trapped in the depths of our pathos, and they wonder, when will each of us learn to transcend our humdrum limitations, to finally act on our hopes and dreams, and fly...


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Words Used in Proposal¶
Words for specifying data¶
- Data
- An item of factual information derived from measurement or research.
- Data Element
- Field or column in a data-set or data-base that stores Data.
- Data Dictionary
- Specifies information about a Data Element. Information includes field name, field description, data type and constraint for Data Element.
- Data Model
- Representation of how to aggregate and interrelate Data defined by a Data Dictionary.
- Entity-Relationship Model
- Representation of how to aggregate and inter-relate information. An entity is a Thing capable of an independent existence and is uniquely identified. Entities are nouns. Examples: a food commodity, a food consumer, a recipe, or a food label calculation. A relationship specifies how entities are related to one another. Relationships are verbs, linking two or more nouns. Examples are: beneficial for, caused by, composed of, made from, produced by, used in. Entities and relationships have Properties, such as a distinguishing quality, a physical state, or a characteristic that is determined by a gene or group of genes.
Words for specifying information¶
- Context
- Discourse that surrounds a language unit and helps to determine its interpretation. For the USDA project, the Context of the language unit is Food. In other words, the Domain-of-Context is Food.
- Vocabulary
- A listing or grouping of words that are common to a Domain-of-Context.
- Controlled Vocabulary
- Authorized words that have been preselected for a Domain-of-Context. Contrasts with natural language vocabularies, where there is no restriction on the vocabulary.
- Term
- Word in a Controlled Vocabulary that references a Description. Term is described in a Thesaurus.
- Taxonomy
- Categorization of Things (entities). Categorization is based on discrete sets. Taxonomy may have multiple forms, such as lists and hierarchies.
- Metadata
- Same as a word in a Taxonomy.
- Thesaurus
- Provides information about a Term in a Controlled Vocabulary. Includes long name, short name or acronym, and description in form of Scope Notes and Additional Information.
- Glossary
- Defines words associated with a project. A word in a glossary is not necessarily a Term in a Controlled Vocabulary.
- Encyclopedia
- The services known as Wikipedia and DBpedia. Wikipedia disambiguation associates a word with a Domain-of-Context.
Words for specifying knowledge¶
- Syntax
- Rules for specifying Terms to create structures like phrases, sentences, and paragraphs.
- Grammar
- Rules for specifying a set of well-formed structures using Terms of a given Language.
- Language
- Set of Terms specified by a Syntax and sequenced according to a Grammar. Language is used to systematically define and aggregate knowledge.
- Ontology
- Combination of the above to express higher order activities, such as communications, translation, learning, understanding, teaching, and making decisions.  Things have Properties such as names and values. Things have Relations such as kinship and sequence of steps (ordinality) to perform a task. Things, Properties and Relations are organized by categories (Taxonomy). Knowledge - in a form that can be processed by a computer - is the categorical ordering of Things, Properties and Relations from Domain-of-Context into a Domain-of-Knowledge.
Words for specifying relations¶
- IS-A relationship
Specifies relations between abstractions (e.g. types, classes), where one class A is a subclass of another class B (and so B is a superclass of A). In other words, type A is a subtype of type B when A’s specification implies B’s specification. More specifically, the IS-A relationship is defined by:
- Hypernymy-Hyponymy (supertype-subtype) relations between types (classes) defining a taxonomic hierarchy, where a hyponym (subtype, subclass) has a type-of (IS-A) relationship with its hypernym (supertype, superclass)
- Holonymy-Meronymy (container-part or member) relations between types (classes) defining a possessive hierarchy.
- HAS-A relationship
Specifies part-whole relations. Meronym is the name given to a constituent part of, the substance of, or a member of something. ‘X’ is a meronym of ‘Y’ if an X is a part of a Y. A meronym may be:
- Transitive - “Parts of parts are parts of the whole” - if A is part of B and B is part of C, then A is part of C.
- Reflexive - “Everything is part of itself” - A is part of A.
- Antisymmetric - “Nothing is a part of its parts” - if A is part of B and A !- B then B is not part of A.
- Domain
- Set of values for a Term declared in a Relation.
- Range
- Limits for the values of a Term declared in a Relation.
- Symmetric relationship
- Declaration that Terms are essentially the same and are interchangeable.
Words for implementing an Ontology¶
- Ontology (continuing to add precision to the word “Ontology” previously used above)
- Uses a Controlled Vocabulary to specify Things, Properties and Relations for a Domain-of-Knowledge. Defines a set of statements about a Domain-of-Knowledge. Statements in Ontomatica ontologies are implemented as Graphs.
- Faceted Classification
- Enables assignment of a Term to multiple categories in a Taxonomy. Faceted search (a.k.a. faceted navigation or faceted browsing) is the user-interface of a faceted classification system. Users explore a collection of information by applying multiple filters (a.k.a. facet terms).
- Facet Tree
- Hierarchy of Facets in a specific Domain-of-Knowledge.
- Thing (continuing to add precision to the word “Thing” previously used above)
- An entity capable of an independent existence that can be uniquely identified.
- Subject
- An observer; an entity that has a relationship with another entity that exists outside of itself (an “object”). A Subject is an observer and an Object is an entity observed.
- Object
- An entity observed by a Subject.
- Item
- A Thing - associated with a Domain-of-Knowledge - that is described by one or more Terms in one or more Facet Trees. Item is comparable to Data in a Data Model and to an instance of an Entity-type in an Entity-Relationship model.
- Graph
- Composed of vertices {nodes} and lines {edges} that connect vertices. Ontomatica graphs are Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAG) that represent Things and causal Relations between them.
- Facet and Facet Term (as defined during Facet Classification and revealed in a Facet Tree)
- Vertex {node} in a Graph. Logically, a facet is a noun. A class term (word identifying a collection of Facet Terms) is called a Facet. A type term (instances of members of a Facet) is called Facet Term. Code assigned to Facet Term (FT) is called Facet Term Code (FTC).
- Facet Map
- Pairing of an Item with one or more Facet Terms in one or more Facet Trees.
- Relation (continuing to add precision to the word “Relation” previously used above)
- Line {edge} expressing connection between Facets and Facet Terms in a Graph. Logically, a relation is a verb. Term that describes a Relation is a Predicate.
- Predicate and Predicate Term
- Type {single} or class {hierarchy} of Relations. A class term (word identifying a collection of Predicate Terms) is called a Predicate. A type term (instances of members of a Predicate Taxonomy) is called Predicate Term. Code assigned to Predicate Term (PT) is called Predicate Term Code (PTC).
- Syntax (continuing to add precision to the word “Syntax” previously used above, but now specific to Ontology)
- Web Ontology Language (OWL) that specifies the Syntax for creating structures like phrases, sentences, and paragraphs.
- Grammar (continuing to add precision to the word “Grammar” previously used above, but now specific to Ontology)
- Set of statements in the logical form:
subject
predicate
object
wheresubject
andobject
are Facet Terms andpredicate
are Predicate Terms.


Asset Management :
Aircraft Leases, Lease Return, New aircraft acquisition, aging fleet disposal
Project Management :
Greenfield and Brownfield Projects for Hangar and Back-Shops
Project Management :
Greenfield and Brownfield Projects for Hangar and Back-Shops
Material Management :
OEM and Non OEM Solutions and access to hundreds of Vendors
Quality Assurance & Continuing Airworthiness Management(CAM):
OEM and Non OEM Solutions and access to hundreds of Vendors


This is a very simple filter based on Level matching.
For a list of all members of this type, see LevelMatchFilter Members.
System.Object
log4net.Filter.FilterSkeleton
log4net.Filter.LevelMatchFilter
This type is not safe for multithreaded operations.
The filter admits two options LevelToMatch and AcceptOnMatch. If there is an exact match between the value of the LevelToMatch option and the Level of the LoggingEvent, then the Decide method returns Accept in case the AcceptOnMatch option value is set to true
, if it is false
then Deny is returned. If the Level does not match then the result will be Neutral.
Namespace: log4net.Filter
Assembly: log4net (in log4net.dll)
LevelMatchFilter Members | log4net.Filter Namespace


Current Status
Sunshine and rainbows: honestly I want to make this more blog style so stay tuned for updates to this page 👷♀


Link to the structural features of cholera toxin
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Cholera is an infectious intestinal disease characterised by extreme diarrhoea, vomiting and cramps, often leading to death. Outbreaks of cholera have been recorded as early as during the times of Sanskrit writings, and have continued to be prevalent on the Indian subcontinent for centuries. During the 19th century, cholera spread to Europe and the Americas, causing several devastating epidemics. The progress of the illness in a cholera victim was a frightening spectacle: the quick onset of diarrhoea increased in intensity and was accompanied by retching, extreme thirst, painful abdominal cramps and a change in skin colour to a blue-grey as the blood thickened with the loss of fluid. By tracing an outbreak of cholera in London in 1854 to a particular water pump in Soho, John Snow was able to show that cholera was being transmitted through water. Thirty years later, Robert Koch isolated the culprit: the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
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The result of these findings was a widespread clean up of the sewer systems and the containment of stagnant water in most European cities, as well as the development of effective medical rehydration treatments. Yet today, cholera continues to be a serious health problem in Africa, Asia and Latin America, with as many as 200,000-500,000 cases per year, and mortality rates reaching as high as 20-50%. There are currently no effective prophylactics, and treatment by oral rehydration is often foiled by the lack of clean water supplies. Therefore, current research aims include the targeting of cholera toxin itself, especially the inhibition of its binding to receptors in the intestine and the development of anti-secretory agents.
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Cholera toxin |
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The debilitating loss of intestinal fluid is caused primarily by the release of cholera toxin, the main virulence factor of the pathogen Vibrio cholerae. Cholera toxin is produced by the CTXf bacteriophage residing within the bacteria. Cholera toxin consists of an A subunit coupled to a B subunit: the A subunit consists of an A1 domain containing the enzymatic active site, and an A2 domain that has an a-helical tail, while the B subunit contains five identical peptides that assemble into a pentameric ring surrounding a central pore. The two assemble by the A2 a-helical tail inserting into the pore formed by the B pentamer. This AB5 structure is closely related to the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, which causes diarrhoea, often in infants. The A and B subunits of cholera toxin are produced in the cytosol by two genes that overlap by one base, and are then assembled into a toxin in the periplasm located between the inner membrane and the outer cell wall of the bacteria. The A subunit in the A/B cholera toxin complex is inactive, and requires the cleavage of the A1 domain from the A2 domain within the infected cell for A1 to become an active enzyme.


This guide explains some typical use cases for fingerprint
and how to implement them.
Transmission and Archival Usage
Fingerprint provides two high-level operations analyze
which is roughly equivalent to scan
but outputs to the file index.fingerprint
by default, and verify
which reads by default from index.fingerprint
.
Typical use cases would include analyzing a directory before copying it, and verifying it after the copy, or analyzing a backup and verifying it before restore.
-- Fingerprint the local data:
$ fingerprint --root /srv/http analyze
-- Copy it to the remote system:
$ rsync -a /srv/http production:/srv/http
-- Run fingerprint on the remote system to verify the data copied correctly:
$ ssh production fingerprint --root /srv/http verify
S 0 error(s) detected.
error.count 0
This is equally useful for traditional backup mediums, e.g. write-only storage, offline backups, etc.
Data Preservation
Data preservation means that data is available in a useful form for as long as it is required (which could be indefinitely). Faulty hardware, software, user error or malicious attack are the primary concerns affecting data preservation. Fingerprint can provide insight into data integrity problems, which can then be resolved appropriately.
In almost all cases of data corruption, the sooner the corruption is detected, the less damage that occurs overall. It is in this sense that regular fingerprinting of critical files should be considered an important step in comprehensive data preservation policy.
Data preservation almost always involves data replication and verification. If data becomes corrupt, it it essential that backups are available to recover the original data. However, it is also important that backup data can be verified otherwise there is no guarantee that the recovered data is correct.
End to end testing on a regular basis is the only sane policy if your data is important.
Non-malicious Bit-rot
Using standard analyze/verify procedure, fingerprint can detect file corruption. Make sure you record extended information using -x
. The primary indication of file corruption is a change in checksum data but not in modified time. Standard operating system functions update the modified time when the file is changed. But, if the file changes without this, it may indicate hardware or software fault, and should be investigated further.
Once data has been analyzed, you can store it on archival media (e.g. optical or tape storage). At a later date, you can verify this to ensure the data has not become damaged over time.
Malicious Changes
Malicious modification of files can be detected using fingerprint. This setup is typically referred to as a tripwire, because when an attacker modifies some critical system files, the system administrator will be notified. To maintain the security of such a setup, the fingerprint should be stored on a separate server:
$ mv latest.fingerprint previous.fingerprint
$ ssh data.example.com fingerprint scan /etc > latest.fingerprint
$ fingerprint compare previous.fingerprint latest.fingerprint
S 0 error(s) detected.
error.count 0
This can be scripted and run in an hourly cron job:
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require 'fileutils'
REMOTE = "server.example.com"
DIRECTORY = "/etc"
PREVIOUS = "previous.fingerprint"
LATEST = "latest.fingerprint"
if File.exist? LATEST
FileUtils.mv LATEST, PREVIOUS
end
$stderr.puts "Generating fingerprint of #{REMOTE}:#{DIRECTORY}..."
system("ssh #{REMOTE} fingerprint #{DIRECTORY} > #{LATEST}")
if File.exist? PREVIOUS
$stderr.puts "Comparing fingerprints..."
system('fingerprint', 'compare', '-a', PREVIOUS, LATEST)
end
Backup integrity
Data backup is typically an important part of any storage system. However, without end-to-end verification of backup data, it may not be possible to ensure that a backup system is working correctly. In the event that a failure occurs, data recovery may not be possible despite the existence of a backup, if that data has not been backed up reliably or correctly.
If you are backing up online data, the backup tool you are using may backup files at non-deterministic times. This means that if software (such as a database) is writing to a file at the time the backup occurs, the data may be transferred incorrectly. Fingerprint can help to detect this, by running fingerprint before the backup on the local storage, and then verifying the backup data after it has been copied. Ideally, you'd expect to see minimal changes to critical files.
However, the real world is often not so simple. Some software doesn't provide facilities for direct synchronization; other software provides facilities for dumping data (which may not be an option of the dataset is large). In these cases, fingerprint can give you some visibility about the potential issues you may face during a restore. You may want to consider Synco which can coordinate more complex backup tasks.
Ensuring Data Validity
To ensure that data has been backed up correctly, use fingerprint to analyze the data before it is backed up.
-- Perform the data analysis
$ sudo fingerprint analyze -f /etc
-- Backup the data to a remote system
$ sudo rsync --archive /etc backups.example.com:/mnt/backups/server.example.com/etc
After the data has been copied to the remote backup device, restore the data to a temporary location and use fingerprint to verify the data. The exact procedure will depend on your backup system, e.g. if you use a tape you may need to restore from the tape to local storage first.
-- On the backup server
$ cd /mnt/backups/server.example.com/etc
$ fingerprint verify
S 0 error(s) detected.
error.count 0
Preserving Backups
If your primary concern is ensuring that backup data is consistent over time (e.g. files are not modified or damaged), fingerprint can be used directly on the backup data to check for corruption. After the data has been backed up successfully, simply analyze the data as above, but on the backup server. Once this is done, at any point in the future you can verify the correctness of the backup set.
Cryptographic Sealing
Fingerprint can be used to ensure that a set of files has been delivered without manipulation, by creating a fingerprint and signing this with a private key. The fingerprint and associated files can later be verified using the public key.
Generating Keys
To sign fingerprints, the first step is to create a private and public key pair. This is easily achieved using OpenSSL:
-- Create a private key, which you must keep secure.
$ openssl genrsa -out private.pem 2048
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
.............+++
........+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
-- Create a public key, which can be used to verify sealed fingerprints.
$ openssl rsa -in private.pem -pubout -out public.pem
writing RSA key
Signing Fingerprints
After you have generated a fingerprint, you can sign it easily using the private key:
-- We assume here that you are using fingerprint analyze to generate fingerprints.
$ openssl dgst -sha1 -sign private.pem -out index.signature index.fingerprint
Verifying Fingerprint Signature
You can easily verify the security of the fingerprint data:
$ openssl dgst -sha1 -verify public.pem -signature index.signature index.fingerprint
Verified OK
-- Fingerprint data has been cryptographically verified
$ fingerprint verify
S 0 error(s) detected.
error.count 0
Data verified, 0 errors found.
-- File list has been checked and no errors.
As long as private key is kept secure, we can be sure that these files have not been tampered with.
Notarizing
In many cases it is good to ensure that documents existed at a particular time. With modern document storage systems, it may be impossible to verify this by simply relying on databases and filesystems alone, especially because technology can be manipulated.
Fingerprint can be used to produce printed documents which can be used to verify the existence of files at a given time. With appropriate physical signatures, these could be used to verify the existence of a given set of files at a specific time and place.
Simply follow the procedure to produce a cryptographic hash of a directory, print these documents out, and get them signed.
N.B. Please consult a lawyer for the correct procedure and legal standing of such techniques. This document is not legal advice and we accept no responsibility for any use or misuse of this tool.


Mum banned from seeing critically ill baby overnight because she was 'too disruptive'
Laura Copestick said intimidating staff at a Children's Hospital stopped her from spending the night with her poorly son Elliot.
by Lynn LoveA mum claims she was banned from seeing her critically ill toddler overnight for a week because she was 'too disruptive'.
Laura Copestick said intimidating staff at Birmingham Children's Hospital stopped her from spending the night with her poorly son Elliot.
One-year-old Elliot began suffering breathing problems and was rushed to hopsital.
He was put onto life support as his condition rapidly deteriorated.
Mum Laura admits arguing with staff about the care of the toddler, now aged two.
But she was heartbroken after being put on a ‘behaviour plan’ and told she would be not be allowed with her son from 7pm to 9am for a week.
Birmingham Children’s Hospital says restrictions are ‘not taken lightly’ and only happened after Elliot had been taken off life support.
He later recovered and is now back home.
Mum-of-four Laura told Birmingham Live : “It broke me to have to leave my son when he was so ill.
“What if he had woken up and needed his mum?
"I wanted to transfer Elliot to another hospital but they said he was too poorly to make the journey.
"At 6pm each evening, they’d suggest I wash and change him because I had to leave at 7pm and I’d feel them staring at me as it got to 7pm.
“At times I felt like I couldn’t go on, but I had to for Elliot."
The measures were put in place in February 2019.
A letter sent to Laura, 27, from the hospital said it had a ‘duty to provide a safe and secure environment’ for patients, staff and visitors.
It claimed concerns had been raised about her behaviour, in particular ‘raising her voice and using abusive language’, ‘disrupting and distracting nurses’ and making staff feel ‘intimidated and uncomfortable’ at the bed space.
Laura said: “I have ADHD so I do tend to mouth off back at them (the staff) but it’s only because I’m fighting for my son.
“The staff said they didn’t understand ADHD but I felt they should have found out about it because they should not have treated me the way they did.
“I did lose my temper quite a bit and I always say exactly what I think. They said I made the staff feel uncomfortable.”
A spokesman for Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust said: “Ensuring staff are able to provide safe care to our patients is a priority.
“It’s rare that our teams find themselves in a position to make a decision to restrict visiting access. It’s not something that is taken lightly and is a final step in a considered process we follow to resolve any behavioural issues in conjunction with visitors.
"In such cases, restrictions are usually placed at set times, for example, overnight, and effort is made to limit this to as little time as possible.
“Any concerns raised directly to our ward teams by families involving the care we offer are looked into and every effort is made to feedback findings directly in a timely manner.
"We’d encourage anyone with continued concern to raise them with our Patient Advice and Liaison Service which offers confidential advice and support.”
Miraculously Elliot pulled through and came off life support. He started to walk and talk again and was discharged in May 2019.
Elliot’s condition is complex and still has no formal diagnosis. Due to his brain damage and time on life support, he is unable to do things he could do when he first went into hospital.
Elliot has to go to appointments with respiratory physiotherapists, pediatricians, community pediatricians, orthotics specialists, sleep specialists, dietitians, autism experts and audiologists because he’s had hearing problems since being on life support.


As a Software Developer I'm always interested in learning more about new and creative ways to write code. College has given me a good introduction butI would like to take my skills and abilities to a higher level. I have a passion for Front-End Development and love making unique and seemless designs and functionality. I enjoy working on Mobile Applications and Web Apps/Sites.
As an Entrepreneur I want to creative professional level designs and release products users can enjoy and share. I intend on starting my own business to help others who want to become entrepreneurs who need business marketing assests. I also want to make a difference in the industry by opening doors for those who may not have many opportunies to progress in Tech.
Pending...
Apart of a four-member team that is working with a client to develop an end-to-end mobile application. Translate designs and wireframes into high quality code Design, build, and maintain high performance, reusable, and reliable Java code. Help maintain code quality, organization, and automatization. Unit-testing code for robustness, including edge cases, usability, and general reliability.
Creating, communicating and implementing the organization's vision, mission, and overall direction into each event planned. With the participation of the executive team, meets regularly with school officials and faculty to make sure that each event the organization plans are well-thought out and timely. Making sure that our mission is communicated on a level that allows every member to feel as if they are part of something bigger than themselves and that their role is strategically important to the organization.
CoverShiftz is a gig workforce mobile application for anyone looking to make money on their own time. Cover Shiftz will be used as a platform for businesses to find part time workers, and for workers to find part time work in their area.
Incorporated technical considerations into web site design plans, such as budgets, equipment, performance requirements, or legal issues including accessibility and privacy. Provide clear, detailed descriptions of web site specifications such as product features, activities, software, communication protocols, programming languages, and operating systems software. Developed a website from end-to-end over a course of three months.
View ProjectThis is virtual representation of my portfolio and a description of what I am passionate about. Perform or direct web site updates. Provide clear, detailed descriptions of web site specifications such as product features, activities, software, communication protocols, programming languages, and operating systems software and hardware. Back up files from web sites to local directories for instant recovery in case of problems.
View Project