datasets package¶
Submodules¶
datasets.edgelist_label module¶
-
class
datasets.edgelist_label.
EdgelistLabel
(root, name)[source]¶ Bases:
cogdl.data.dataset.Dataset
networks from the https://github.com/THUDM/ProNE/raw/master/data
- Args:
- root (string): Root directory where the dataset should be saved.
name (string): The name of the dataset (
"Wikipedia"
).
-
processed_file_names
¶ The name of the files to find in the
self.processed_dir
folder in order to skip the processing.
-
raw_file_names
¶ The name of the files to find in the
self.raw_dir
folder in order to skip the download.
-
url
= 'https://github.com/THUDM/ProNE/raw/master/data'¶
datasets.gatne module¶
-
class
datasets.gatne.
AmazonDataset
[source]¶ Bases:
datasets.gatne.GatneDataset
-
class
datasets.gatne.
GatneDataset
(root, name)[source]¶ Bases:
cogdl.data.dataset.Dataset
The network datasets “Amazon”, “Twitter” and “YouTube” from the “Representation Learning for Attributed Multiplex Heterogeneous Network” paper.
- Args:
root (string): Root directory where the dataset should be saved. name (string): The name of the dataset (
"Amazon"
,"Twitter"
,"YouTube"
).
-
processed_file_names
¶ The name of the files to find in the
self.processed_dir
folder in order to skip the processing.
-
raw_file_names
¶ The name of the files to find in the
self.raw_dir
folder in order to skip the download.
-
url
= 'https://github.com/THUDM/GATNE/raw/master/data'¶
-
class
datasets.gatne.
TwitterDataset
[source]¶ Bases:
datasets.gatne.GatneDataset
-
class
datasets.gatne.
YouTubeDataset
[source]¶ Bases:
datasets.gatne.GatneDataset
datasets.matlab_matrix module¶
-
class
datasets.matlab_matrix.
MatlabMatrix
(root, name, url)[source]¶ Bases:
cogdl.data.dataset.Dataset
networks from the http://leitang.net/code/social-dimension/data/ or http://snap.stanford.edu/node2vec/
- Args:
- root (string): Root directory where the dataset should be saved.
name (string): The name of the dataset (
"Blogcatalog"
).
-
processed_file_names
¶ The name of the files to find in the
self.processed_dir
folder in order to skip the processing.
-
raw_file_names
¶ The name of the files to find in the
self.raw_dir
folder in order to skip the download.
datasets.pyg module¶
bool(x) -> bool
Returns True when the argument x is true, False otherwise. The builtins True and False are the only two instances of the class bool. The class bool is a subclass of the class int, and cannot be subclassed.
-
datasets.pyg.
bit_length
()¶ Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary.
>>> bin(37) '0b100101' >>> (37).bit_length() 6
-
datasets.pyg.
conjugate
()¶ Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int.
-
datasets.pyg.
from_bytes
()¶ Return the integer represented by the given array of bytes.
- bytes
- Holds the array of bytes to convert. The argument must either support the buffer protocol or be an iterable object producing bytes. Bytes and bytearray are examples of built-in objects that support the buffer protocol.
- byteorder
- The byte order used to represent the integer. If byteorder is ‘big’, the most significant byte is at the beginning of the byte array. If byteorder is ‘little’, the most significant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the native byte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder’ as the byte order value.
- signed
- Indicates whether two’s complement is used to represent the integer.
-
datasets.pyg.
to_bytes
()¶ Return an array of bytes representing an integer.
- length
- Length of bytes object to use. An OverflowError is raised if the integer is not representable with the given number of bytes.
- byteorder
- The byte order used to represent the integer. If byteorder is ‘big’, the most significant byte is at the beginning of the byte array. If byteorder is ‘little’, the most significant byte is at the end of the byte array. To request the native byte order of the host system, use `sys.byteorder’ as the byte order value.
- signed
- Determines whether two’s complement is used to represent the integer. If signed is False and a negative integer is given, an OverflowError is raised.
Module contents¶
-
datasets.
register_dataset
(name)[source]¶ New dataset types can be added to cogdl with the
register_dataset()
function decorator.For example:
@register_dataset('my_dataset') class MyDataset(): (...)
- Args:
- name (str): the name of the dataset


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March 15, 2003
Cameroon cracks down on peedrinking
BBC | Submitted by: Self deluded
"The Cameroon health minister has deemed it necessary to warn people that drinking urine may not be good for your health... Urbain Olanguena Awono has even warned that those who advocate drinking urine risk prosecution... He was moved to speak after a wave of interest in "urinotherapy."
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Pigs bust the Easter Bunny
Village Voice | Submitted by: Lt. Col. J. H. Christ
"Kids at the Astor Place Kmart were treated to an unusual sight: the Easter Bunny getting cuffed by New York City cops. Kmart, among other national retailers, sells Easter baskets in which the traditional chocolate bunny has been replaced by toys including plastic soldiers armed with machine guns, rifles, grenades, and knives. The Voice was tipped off to the coming protest in an e-mail from parties calling themselves the Easterbunny Liberation Organization and Friends of Chocolate Bunnies."
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Cat Lady on Staten Island
New York Daily News | Submitted by: f00f
"More than 50 dead cats were found in a filthy house on Staten Island, while more than two dozen live felines roamed among the carcasses and mounds of trash... A Tweety Bird flag hung outside the house.  It wasn't clear last night whether the cats starved to death or died of an untreated illness or disease."
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Elizabeth Smart roundup
Seattle Times | Submitted by: Arseface
"Elizabeth Smart, the 15-year-old Salt Lake City girl kidnapped from her home last June, had been held in a polygamous relationship by a man who believed God had told him to take her as another wife." Second link, Elizabeth Smart was likely photographed at a party with transient and self-proclaimed prophet Brian David Mitchell in Salt Lake City last September."
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This article...
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Ex-Spice girl Geri admits lesbian fling
Wire Services | Submitted by: Jim Jones
"I had a little lesbian thing... she said, adding the encounter with an unnamed woman had been "part of experimenting. She refused to pinpoint the date, but said 'It was somewhere between the ages of 16 and 30. [Halliwell is now 30.] It was just a drunken moment." Could this be like George W. Bush "experimenting" with illegal drugs well into his forties?
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Ralph Nader screws over college students
Fox News | Submitted by: Boat6float
"If you're in college or have kids in college, the odds are pretty good that you're supporting Ralph Nader... The scam varies from campus to campus, but it basically works like this: Each time a college student registers for classes, he or she is automatically billed somewhere between three and eight dollars, all of which goes directly to the local PIRG chapter." Realize also who is reporting this, Fox News.
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Botox not just for wrinkles any more
MSNBC | Submitted by: Razor
"If a salesman told you a single drug could cure headaches, obesity, sore muscles and even body odor, all for the low, low price of $300, you’d probably think he was selling snake oil. But many scientists now say there’s a drug that does all that and more—and believe it or not, it's Botox."
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The Asian Invasion of xiao pangzi, or little fatties
New York Times | Submitted by: Joshua Chamberlain
"Most visibly and most dangerously for the future, obesity is spreading among children, bringing a severe form of diabetes and putting them at risk for years to come... Known in Chinese as "xiao pangzi," or "little fatties," these roly-poly children seem to be everywhere, the pampered victims of cultures that prize them as emblems of affluence and well-being."
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McDonald's offers "Arab sauce"
Arab News | Submitted by: tulsawop
"The new sandwich, which continues MacDonald’s tradition of catering to local markets, is made of Arab bread, grilled chicken, lettuce, tomatoes and Arab sauce [?!]... The Arab bread for the sandwich is imported from Britain. The chicken is currently being imported from Malaysia."
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Dalit ignited after rape
CNN | Submitted by: vari
"A young "untouchable" [Dalit] woman was set alight and burned to death by the angry father of an upper-caste man she accused of raping her... "The accused had threatened the girl with dire consequences in case she told anyone about the incident." If an upper caste Hindu is touched by an "untouchable," or the shadow of a Dalit falls upon them, they have to go through a series of rituals to be cleansed." What is the ritual if you rape one?
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Japan: still weird
Business 2.0 | Submitted by: Crazy Quagga
Lengthy article about successful Japanese toy company. Its contributions to the human race include a banana cell phone hand set, a cyborg ripoff of G.I. Joe, a dog translator(in Japanese AND Korean), "robot jellyfish, a talking tissue holder, and an alarm clock shaped like an angry old man who, when it's time to wake up, descends from the ceiling and screams at you."
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College president arrested for marijuana trafficking
WHO | Submitted by: Chato
"On Wednesday, authorities arrested Dr. David England, Presidnent of Des Moines Area Community College and charged with multiple drug charges. Thursday, England's wife, daughter and teenage son turned themselves in to police... Also this morning, DMACC's Board of Trustees passed resolutions to investigate any connections at the school."
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Boston has a bedbug problem
Boston Globe | Submitted by: AnnePage
"Inspired by a citizen brandishing a bowlful of bedbugs, the Boston City Council yesterday vowed to wage a citywide battle against the pesky parasites. Within two weeks, a council committee will meet to learn whether the number of bedbugs is growing and debate what to do about it. They may choose to launch an antibedbug public education campaign and impose more regulations on the used furniture stores, hotels, and motels where the critters breed."
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Paypal doesn't like alternative news site
The Register | Submitted by: Rev. Dr.
"As you know, the PayPal User Agreement states that PayPal, at its sole discretion, reserves the right to close an account at any time for any reason. We write to inform you that, after a review of your site, and in accordance with the User Agreement, your account has been closed. Your funds will be held for 180 days from the date of the last transaction on the account. After 180 days have expired, we will refund your funds by mailing a check to the address linked to your account." There doesn't seem to be any rhyme not reason to Paypal doing this, to a harmless news site, when they permit hundreds of porn sites to use Paypal to collect income. In fact, Paypal has courted porn sites directly, to obtain more customers.
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Cop dies from broken ankle
CNN | Submitted by: f00f
"A police officer who broke his ankle in an auto wreck while pursuing suspected carjackers a month ago has died, apparently of complications from the injury, police said Monday... "It looks like it might have been a blood clot from the ankle injury. It's just frightening."
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Car thief concentration camp in Colombia
Wire Services | Submitted by: LemonMeringue
"Colombia's auto industry wants to build a "concentration camp" for car thieves, complete with wooden shacks and barbed-wire fences. The plan, which would also include forcing thieves to grow their own food, was announced on Wednesday by the chief of Colombia's auto parts industry association, Tulio Zuluaga."
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Capitol duct tape redux
Washington Post | Submitted by: Monkeynavigated
It was my Washington suit: "The Michigan couple arrested at the U.S. Capitol last week after strapping objects to their bodies with duct tape say they were engaged in performance art and never expected that their actions would be seen as dangerous... "We like to make things beautiful, to uplift, to make people happy. We never meant any harm to anyone."
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Process each element of the command line and generate a target
def
__init__(self, name, summary):
Initialize command object with information about the target
configuration (e.g., 'request') and appropriate help text (e.g., 'Processes
authentication requests'


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grape.general_graph.GeneralGraph¶
-
class
GeneralGraph
(incoming_graph_data=None, **attr)[source]¶ Class GeneralGraph for directed graphs (DiGraph).
Constructs a new graph given an input file. A DiGraph stores nodes and edges with optional data or attributes. DiGraphs hold directed edges. Nodes can be arbitrary python objects with optional key/value attributes. Edges are represented as links between nodes with optional key/value attributes.
Parameters: incoming_graph_data (input graph) – Data to initialize the graph. Initialize a graph with edges, name, or graph attributes.
Parameters: - incoming_graph_data (input graph (optional, default: None)) – Data to initialize graph. If None (default) an empty graph is created. The data can be an edge list, or any NetworkX graph object. If the corresponding optional Python packages are installed the data can also be a NumPy matrix or 2d ndarray, a SciPy sparse matrix, or a PyGraphviz graph.
- attr (keyword arguments, optional (default= no attributes)) – Attributes to add to graph as key=value pairs.
See also
convert
Examples
>>> G = nx.Graph() # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc >>> G = nx.Graph(name='my graph') >>> e = [(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)] # list of edges >>> G = nx.Graph(e)
Arbitrary graph attribute pairs (key=value) may be assigned
>>> G = nx.Graph(e, day="Friday") >>> G.graph {'day': 'Friday'}
-
__init__
(incoming_graph_data=None, **attr)¶ Initialize a graph with edges, name, or graph attributes.
Parameters: - incoming_graph_data (input graph (optional, default: None)) – Data to initialize graph. If None (default) an empty graph is created. The data can be an edge list, or any NetworkX graph object. If the corresponding optional Python packages are installed the data can also be a NumPy matrix or 2d ndarray, a SciPy sparse matrix, or a PyGraphviz graph.
- attr (keyword arguments, optional (default= no attributes)) – Attributes to add to graph as key=value pairs.
See also
convert()
Examples
>>> G = nx.Graph() # or DiGraph, MultiGraph, MultiDiGraph, etc >>> G = nx.Graph(name='my graph') >>> e = [(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)] # list of edges >>> G = nx.Graph(e)
Arbitrary graph attribute pairs (key=value) may be assigned
>>> G = nx.Graph(e, day="Friday") >>> G.graph {'day': 'Friday'}
Methods
ConstructPath
(source, target, pred)Reconstruct source-target paths starting from predecessors matrix. __init__
([incoming_graph_data])Initialize a graph with edges, name, or graph attributes. add_cycle
(nodes, **attr)add_edge
(u_of_edge, v_of_edge, **attr)Add an edge between u and v. add_edges_from
(ebunch_to_add, **attr)Add all the edges in ebunch_to_add. add_node
(node_for_adding, **attr)Add a single node node_for_adding and update node attributes. add_nodes_from
(nodes_for_adding, **attr)Add multiple nodes. add_path
(nodes, **attr)add_star
(nodes, **attr)add_weighted_edges_from
(ebunch_to_add[, weight])Add weighted edges in ebunch_to_add with specified weight attr adjacency
()Return an iterator over (node, adjacency dict) tuples for all nodes. betweenness_centrality
()Betweenness_centrality measure of each node. calculate_shortest_path
()Choose the most appropriate way to compute the all-pairs shortest path depending on graph size and density . check_after
()Describe the topology of the potentially damaged graph, after the occurrency of a failure in the system. check_before
()Describe the topology of the integer graph, before the occurrency of any failure in the system. check_input_with_gephi
()Write list of nodes and list of edges csv files chunk_it
(nodi, n)Divide graph nodes in chunks according to number of processes. clear
()Remove all nodes and edges from the graph. closeness_centrality
()Closeness_centrality measure of each node. copy
([as_view])Return a copy of the graph. degree_centrality
()degree centrality measure of each node. delete_a_node
(node)Delete a node in the graph to simulate a damage to a component in a plant and start to propagate the failure. edge_subgraph
(edges)Returns the subgraph induced by the specified edges. floyd_warshall_predecessor_and_distance_parallel
([…])Parallel Floyd Warshall’s APSP algorithm. floyd_warshall_predecessor_and_distance_serial
([…])Serial Floyd Warshall’s APSP algorithm. fresh_copy
()get_edge_data
(u, v[, default])Return the attribute dictionary associated with edge (u, v). global_eff
()Average global efficiency of the whole graph. has_edge
(u, v)Return True if the edge (u, v) is in the graph. has_node
(n)Return True if the graph contains the node n. has_predecessor
(u, v)Return True if node u has predecessor v. has_successor
(u, v)Return True if node u has successor v. indegree_centrality
()Indegree centrality measure of each node. inner_iteration_parallel
(barrier, arr, arr1, …)Serial Floyd Warshall’s APSP inner iteration . inner_iteration_serial
(pred1, dist1)Serial Floyd Warshall’s APSP inner iteration . inner_iteration_wrapper_parallel
(arr, arr1)Wrapper for Floyd Warshall’s APSP parallel inner iteration . is_directed
()Return True if graph is directed, False otherwise. is_multigraph
()Return True if graph is a multigraph, False otherwise. load
(filename)Load input file. local_eff
()Local efficiency of the node. merge_lists
(l1, l2, key)Merge two lists of dictionaries according to their keys. nbunch_iter
([nbunch])Return an iterator over nodes contained in nbunch that are also in the graph. neighbors
(n)Return an iterator over successor nodes of n. nodal_eff
()Global efficiency of the node. nodes_with_selfloops
()number_of_edges
([u, v])Return the number of edges between two nodes. number_of_nodes
()Return the number of nodes in the graph. number_of_selfloops
()order
()Return the number of nodes in the graph. outdegree_centrality
()Outdegree centrality measure of each node. parallel_wrapper_proc
()Wrapper for parallel SSSP algorithm based on BFS. predecessors
(n)Return an iterator over predecessor nodes of n. remove_edge
(u, v)Remove the edge between u and v. remove_edges_from
(ebunch)Remove all edges specified in ebunch. remove_node
(n)Remove node n. remove_nodes_from
(nodes)Remove multiple nodes. reverse
([copy])Return the reverse of the graph. rm_nodes
(node[, visited])Remove nodes from the graph in a depth first search way to propagate the failure. selfloop_edges
([data, keys, default])simulate_multi_room_perturbation
(multi_rooms)Simulate a damage in one or multiple rooms. single_source_shortest_path_parallel
(out_q, nodi)Parallel SSSP algorithm based on BFS. single_source_shortest_path_serial
()Serial SSSP algorithm based on BFS. size
([weight])Return the number of edges or total of all edge weights. subgraph
(nodes)Return a SubGraph view of the subgraph induced on nodes. successors
(n)Return an iterator over successor nodes of n. to_directed
([as_view])Return a directed representation of the graph. to_directed_class
()Returns the class to use for empty directed copies. to_undirected
([reciprocal, as_view])Return an undirected representation of the digraph. to_undirected_class
()Returns the class to use for empty undirected copies. update
([edges, nodes])Update the graph using nodes/edges/graphs as input. update_status
(multi_rooms)Update the status of the components in the rooms after the propagation of the failure. Attributes
adj
Graph adjacency object holding the neighbors of each node. degree
A DegreeView for the Graph as G.degree or G.degree(). edges
An OutEdgeView of the DiGraph as G.edges or G.edges(). in_degree
An InDegreeView for (node, in_degree) or in_degree for single node. in_edges
An InEdgeView of the Graph as G.in_edges or G.in_edges(). name
String identifier of the graph. node
A NodeView of the Graph as G.nodes or G.nodes(). nodes
A NodeView of the Graph as G.nodes or G.nodes(). out_degree
An OutDegreeView for (node, out_degree) out_edges
An OutEdgeView of the DiGraph as G.edges or G.edges(). pred
Graph adjacency object holding the predecessors of each node. succ
Graph adjacency object holding the successors of each node.


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Beloved (1998)
A Film Review by Mark O'Hara
In her 1988 novel Beloved, Toni Morrison mints the word "rememory." Although Jonathan Demme's film does not make use of the word, its connections are there, reminding us that memories are what we're made of; more insistently, they are what we cannot escape from.
The film stands as a personal history of pain inflicted by slavery and by hatred built against blacks during the Reconstruction era. The product is part romance, part ghost tale, part indictment of American society 100 years after some of its citizens declared themselves free.
The person at the center is Sethe (pronounced SET-ta and played by Oprah Winfrey). We meet her and what's left of her family in 1865, just a few years after their traumatic flight from slavery. Her children include boys Howard and Buglar, their younger sister Denver and, disturbingly, the menacing ghost of another daughter, Beloved. Until the time of her death as an infant, the baby had been called "crawling already?".
Almost as unsettling as the flashback in which the baby dies, the scenes of her poltergeist-like violence grip the viewer. Demme directs them with a rapid pace. It's a relief that they end only a few minutes into the film, when Paul D (Danny Glover) enters and puts up an angry resistance. The kitchen has been destroyed (in the book it takes Paul weeks to mend the furniture) but the manifestations are apparently gone. Despite resentment from Denver (Kimberly Elise), Paul D stays and develops a relationship with Sethe. His presence is like a redemption after 18 years of wandering and fleeing and witnessing the degradation of other blacks. Perhaps Paul's romance with Sethe begins through their common ties: they were owned by a brutal Kentuckian known as "schoolteacher"; but the most peaceful time in the film follows the two old friends' falling in love.
It's been ten years since the first stages of the film's production - since the book won Morrison the Pulitzer (later she received the Nobel Prize in Literature, the first African American woman so recognized). As one of the producers, Winfrey no doubt had strong creative control. One of the results is the brilliant casting. First, Winfrey herself sketches Sethe with a character and strength that is almost indestructible. Her role in The Color Purple showed us her canny and solid screen presence, and this film makes us realize the scarcity of her roles since. Winfrey endows Sethe with just the right ways, her stares knowing, her gestures purposeful, her words picked to both assert and guard her spirit. In a scene outside the restaurant where she works, Sethe is flattered that Paul has come to pick her up. Instantly her expression turns to consternation when she suspects Paul will announce he is leaving her, and just as easily she beams when Paul says, "I want you pregnant!" The face of a lesser actress could not accomplish such a range.
As the title character, Thandie Newton delivers a startling performance. >From the time she tramps out of a creek, dressed in dark colors and new shoes, and collapses on the bank to sleep, she lends a creepy presence to the story. Beetles engulf her as we hear the rasp of her snore.  What is not clear is why Sethe does not realize that here is a living wraith, the incarnation of the child that previously haunted the house and their lives, making them a family of outcasts even among blacks. The young woman - she appears as the age she would be in life - croaks out the letters in her name, but it is not until later that Sethe's daughter Denver realizes the stranger's identity. In her portrayal of Beloved, Newton is appropriately clumsy and regressive in speech: she's reminiscent of those who have been aroused from a coma and act much less than their age.
After seeing Danny Glover as Paul D. Garner, it's hard to imagine any other actor in the role. He brings a veteran instinct that telegraphs the story's direction clearly. At times gentle, swaggering, aggressive, disillusioned, Paul D leaves his mark as a man who cares and who accepts the responsibilities he lays out for himself. Because Paul is so straightforward and strong, we are all the more disheartened when the creature from beyond his world mesmerizes him. Is Beloved carrying out a sort of revenge for Paul's ousting her possessive spirit? Among the most riveting patterns in the plot are the scenes in which Paul finds himself repulsed by sleeping in Sethe's room; he moves to a rocking chair to an empty bed in a spare room, to a shed across the back field. It's here that we see the consummation of the second hellish scene to take place in the shed.
Baby Suggs is one of Toni Morrison's most memorable characters. She is the mother of Halle, one of the Sweet Home slaves owned by Mr. Garner. Halle has worked extra to buy his mother and send her north, across the Ohio River to Cincinnati. Morrison is masterful in showing how slaveowners were oblivious to the humanity of their captives. Even though he is one of the more humane owners, Garner is not aware of Baby Suggs' name; he calls her "Jenny Whitlow" from her original sale papers. In the film, Beah Richards achieves the right status of nurturerer and prophet. Grandma Baby, Sethe's mother-in-law and Denver's grandmother, preaches atop a rock in the woods, bringing her listeners wisdom and hope. She is called "holy" in the book, and proved so in the film. "Love your flesh" and "Kiss your hands," she intones, and we see more of the body imagery that spreads throughout the work.
As Denver, Kimberly Elise also shows a variety of moods. Hateful toward Paul D, protective of her reclaimed big sister, finally mature at the end, Denver's story ends happily. In a namesake role - Amy Denver, who delivers Sethe's child beneath the surface of the Ohio (again, water images) - Kessia Randall is perfectly talkative and compassionate. And as Stamp Paid - another of Morrison's wonderful names - Albert Hall plays well as an ex-slave who delivers Sethe to Baby, and who later delivers a revelation to Paul D.
Because Morrison's novel is not a linear narrative, the film resorts to a risky series of flashbacks. These slices of past lives, many of them disconcerting in their depiction of abuse and murder, are shot in grainy and incandescent tones, helping us to distinguish them from the main plotline. Even though some of the scenes resemble bad videotape, the craftsmanship of storytelling has to be admired. The soundtrack is also remarkable, made up of period instruments, voices, and curiously effective sounds of insects and birds.
The film's astonishing content does not quite fill its nearly three hours. Editing down the last quarter of the story would have made for tighter composition. No matter how riveting the story, viewers have time to look at their watches, an indication of a saggy pace.
Why the filmmakers shot the bulk of the film around Philadelphia instead of Cincinnati, I don't know. The city locations grab our eyes, after so much of the story is told around Sethe's farmhouse. Names like "Shillito's", an early Cincinnati department store, show the attention to detail paid by the set designers. We are treated to vistas of the muddy Ohio, the distant sky beclouded by industrial smoke. A hog capital before Chicago, Cincinnati is seen as a typical heartland town. Very appropriate, considering Morrison adapted a story that appeared in the January 29 and 30 editions of the Cincinnati Enquirer. The model for Sethe was Margaret Garner, a 23 year-old who joined fugitive slaves from two farms south of Covington, Kentucky. The real-life Stamp Paid was probably Elijah Kite, an ex-slave who assisted in the Underground Railroad. The Bodwins are given a brief part in the film; their counterpart was Levi Coffin, a Quaker storeowner who was the "president" of the Railroad. Morrison also preserves the number of Margaret's children: Samuel, 5, Thomas, 6, Mary, 3 (the ill-fated Beloved in the book), and Silla, a 3 month-old boy. The Garners' owner was Archibald Gaines, part of the dreaded posse that tracked them down.
Considering how important it is to know one's history, it would be good if every American citizen were to see Beloved. Whereas so many films are useless, Beloved proves itself a useful part of our culture. For those interested in researching their ancestry, it is difficult to find information farther back than a few generations. How infinitely more difficult to discover the identity of relations who were slaves. Beloved is also important as a genealogical study of pain and healing.
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{% import 'macros/form.html' as form %} {# * Documentation or Report (category: "link or upload") X title X url / upload X description X +format X +storage location ; path (drop-down+free-text) X +intake_date #} {% if location=="form" %} {% import 'macros/form.html' as form %} {% resource 'cfpb_extrafields/otherspecify.js' %} {% import 'macros/form_custom.html' as form_custom %}


lite-css has two modules: lite and utils. Both of them are designed to be as small as possible, and easy to extend.
lite.css contains all of the basics for a framework, such as a responsive grid, typography, and other elements.
utils.css has many CSS utility classes that can be used to extend lit, or any CSS framework.


Reinventing-Babyhood-Memories
* We’re all more distracted than ever. So how does that affect the traditional family unit? Check out this fascinating story about the Art of Paying Attention
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[§23-65] Term of appointment. The members of the committee shall be appointed for three-year terms, and shall serve until a successor is appointed. Vacancies shall be filled for the remainder of any unexpired term in the same manner as original appointments. [L 1989, c 165, pt of §2]


At Aligarh, India
A kind-hearted and caring guy from the town of west Uttar Pradesh
A beautiful and loving girl from the lights of India's Capital.
Barat - A ritual for the groom to travel to the wedding venue on a mare, accompanied by his family members
Jaimala Ceremony - The ritual of exchanging wedding garlands as a sign of a bond being forged between the couple as well as their families.
Blessings Ceremony - A custom for bride and groom to recieve blessings from all the guests and family members.
Dinner - Time to enjoy the food. A feast to celebrate this beautiful event with all the guests.
This is how we have got all our rituals and events planned
The fathers of both about to be married individuals vouch for the virtues of their child and make a formal wedding announcement of their children to the invited guests. The bride and the groom then exchange rings to solidify their engagement.
In this ceremony a paste of haldi is applied on the bride and the groom's body before their wedding day. Haldi ceremony is directly connected with beautifying the bride and the groom for their big day. The colour yellow is also considered auspicious, and thus is said to ward off the evil.
Mehendi Ceremony is about applying Henna to the bride's and groom's hand and feet. This joyous celebration is often sees its complement with singing of traditional songs as well as playing of traditional music instruments like dholak.
The main day around which all these events are organised. The bride and groom are seated next in front of a holy fire, as a priest recites various mantras from the Holy Scriptures. At the end of the ceremony, the bride and groom take seven vows in sanskrit, sealing the marriage forever.
This post wedding ceremony is basically a way of introducing bride to the groom's community. This event has no mandatory rituals to be followed, in fact the ceremony comes packed with dancing, music and a feast.


All Projects
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Our goal is to design better policy using games and simulations. Our work involves three inter-related
threads:
PolicyLab where we undertake research at the intersection of art, social sciences,
and technology to design games and simulations;
School of Policy where we train policymakers
and civil society groups in the use of these tools;
Policy in Play where we design artefacts
such as graphic novels and games to make policy more accessible.
We work with the Government, Academia,
and Civil Society.
Some of our current projects include: Building a game for the UN for students of economics and sustainability studies to understand the Inclusive Wealth Indicator (IWI), an indicator proposed as a complement to the GDP and HDI; ₹ubbish! a game on waste management in Bangalore; SimCity - building simulations to understand and plan for cities in the Indian context; and building a game for the Institute of Plasma Research, a Government of India undertaking.
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|
Halide
12.0.0
|
Class that provides a type that implements half precision floating point using the bfloat16 format. More...
#include <Float16.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| operator float () const | |
| Cast to float. More... | |
| operator double () const | |
| Cast to double. More... | |
| operator int () const | |
| Cast to int. More... | |
| bfloat16_t | operator- () const |
| Return a new bfloat16_t with a negated sign bit. More... | |
| bfloat16_t | operator+ (bfloat16_t rhs) const |
| Arithmetic operators. More... | |
| bfloat16_t | operator- (bfloat16_t rhs) const |
| bfloat16_t | operator* (bfloat16_t rhs) const |
| bfloat16_t | operator/ (bfloat16_t rhs) const |
| bfloat16_t | operator+= (bfloat16_t rhs) |
| bfloat16_t | operator-= (bfloat16_t rhs) |
| bfloat16_t | operator*= (bfloat16_t rhs) |
| bfloat16_t | operator/= (bfloat16_t rhs) |
| bool | operator== (bfloat16_t rhs) const |
| Comparison operators. More... | |
| bool | operator!= (bfloat16_t rhs) const |
| bool | operator> (bfloat16_t rhs) const |
| bool | operator< (bfloat16_t rhs) const |
| bool | operator>= (bfloat16_t rhs) const |
| bool | operator<= (bfloat16_t rhs) const |
| bool | is_nan () const |
| Properties. More... | |
| bool | is_infinity () const |
| bool | is_negative () const |
| bool | is_zero () const |
| uint16_t | to_bits () const |
| Returns the bits that represent this bfloat16_t. More... | |
Constructors | |
| bfloat16_t (float value) | |
| Construct from a float, double, or int using round-to-nearest-ties-to-even. More... | |
| bfloat16_t (double value) | |
| Construct from a float, double, or int using round-to-nearest-ties-to-even. More... | |
| bfloat16_t (int value) | |
| Construct from a float, double, or int using round-to-nearest-ties-to-even. More... | |
| bfloat16_t ()=default | |
| Construct a bfloat16_t with the bits initialised to 0. More... | |
Static Public Member Functions | |
| static bfloat16_t | make_zero () |
| Get a new bfloat16_t that represents a special value. More... | |
| static bfloat16_t | make_negative_zero () |
| static bfloat16_t | make_infinity () |
| static bfloat16_t | make_negative_infinity () |
| static bfloat16_t | make_nan () |
| static bfloat16_t | make_from_bits (uint16_t bits) |
| Get a new bfloat16_t with the given raw bits. More... | |
Static Public Attributes | |
| static const int | mantissa_bits = 7 |
| static const uint16_t | sign_mask = 0x8000 |
| static const uint16_t | exponent_mask = 0x7f80 |
| static const uint16_t | mantissa_mask = 0x007f |
| static const bfloat16_t | zero |
| static const bfloat16_t | negative_zero |
| static const bfloat16_t | infinity |
| static const bfloat16_t | negative_infinity |
| static const bfloat16_t | nan |
Class that provides a type that implements half precision floating point using the bfloat16 format.
This type is enforced to be 16-bits wide and maintains no state other than the raw bits so that it can passed to code that checks a type's size and used for halide_buffer_t allocation.
|
explicit |
Construct from a float, double, or int using round-to-nearest-ties-to-even.
Out-of-range values become +/- infinity.
|
explicit |
Construct from a float, double, or int using round-to-nearest-ties-to-even.
Out-of-range values become +/- infinity.
|
explicit |
Construct from a float, double, or int using round-to-nearest-ties-to-even.
Out-of-range values become +/- infinity.
|
default |
Construct a bfloat16_t with the bits initialised to 0.
This represents positive zero.
|
explicit |
Cast to float.
|
explicit |
Cast to double.
|
explicit |
Cast to int.
|
static |
Get a new bfloat16_t that represents a special value.
|
static |
|
static |
|
static |
|
static |
|
static |
Get a new bfloat16_t with the given raw bits.
| bits | The bits conformant to IEEE754 binary16 |
| bfloat16_t Halide::bfloat16_t::operator- | ( | ) | const |
Return a new bfloat16_t with a negated sign bit.
| bfloat16_t Halide::bfloat16_t::operator+ | ( | bfloat16_t | rhs | ) | const |
Arithmetic operators.
| bfloat16_t Halide::bfloat16_t::operator- | ( | bfloat16_t | rhs | ) | const |
| bfloat16_t Halide::bfloat16_t::operator* | ( | bfloat16_t | rhs | ) | const |
| bfloat16_t Halide::bfloat16_t::operator/ | ( | bfloat16_t | rhs | ) | const |
|
inline |
|
inline |
|
inline |
|
inline |
| bool Halide::bfloat16_t::operator== | ( | bfloat16_t | rhs | ) | const |
Comparison operators.
|
inline |
| bool Halide::bfloat16_t::operator> | ( | bfloat16_t | rhs | ) | const |
| bool Halide::bfloat16_t::operator< | ( | bfloat16_t | rhs | ) | const |
|
inline |
|
inline |
| bool Halide::bfloat16_t::is_nan | ( | ) | const |
Properties.
| bool Halide::bfloat16_t::is_infinity | ( | ) | const |
| bool Halide::bfloat16_t::is_negative | ( | ) | const |
| bool Halide::bfloat16_t::is_zero | ( | ) | const |
| uint16_t Halide::bfloat16_t::to_bits | ( | ) | const |
Returns the bits that represent this bfloat16_t.
An alternative method to access the bits is to cast a pointer to this instance as a pointer to a uint16_t.
|
static |
|
static |
|
static |
|
static |
|
static |
|
static |
|
static |
|
static |


| Describing Networks | |
|
starsNode starsTopology starsStar Topology, Bus Topology, Mesh Topology, Point-to-point topology stars PAN, LAN, WAN stars IoT |
question_answer
A node is a device attached to the network. Topology describes how nodes are
attached to the network and how they
communicate with each other. In other words, the network configuration.
Topology can take the form of
,
,
,
.
A Personal Area Network or PAN, connects devices within a range of about 30 feet. A extends that capacity, and are typically centered around a router for security and internet access.  Lower power consumption is necessary and made possible by technologies , , and |
| Transferring Data, Measuring Data Transfer | |
|
stars
Packet stars Packet loss, Packet switching, ping stars Bandwidth, Bandwidth Cap, Bandwidth Throttling, Broadband, Narrowband starsLatency |
question_answer
Information is broken up into small units called , which are then sent out on the lines of the internet following a .Packet loss happens when a packet fails to arrive at the destination, and results in retransmission of the missing packet. Networks that handle at least 25 Mbps are classified by the FCC as broadband. Narrowband communications uses less bandwidth for sending data. The bandwidth is the speed of trnsferring data. ISPs impose a maximum speed, called the bandwidth cap, and in times ofhigh usage can add further restrictions, termed bandwidth throttling. Latency is the time it takes to respond, measured in milliseconds. Jitter measures the variability of packet latency |
| Protocols | |
|
starsProtocol, Protocol Stack stars DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) stars FTP (File Transfer Protocol) stars IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.11 stars IP (Internet Protocol), IPV4, IPV6 stars WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy), WPA (WiFi Proctected Access) stars TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), UDP |
question_answer
A protocol is a set of agreements - that's it. The role of protocols in computer networking is to ensure different manufacturers' devices all work together. Networks use a suite of protcols to communicate - this is known as the protocol stack. Internet Protocol, IP, with TCP (TCP/IP) is part of the internet protocol suite. IP defines 2 types of internet address, and is one of the core internet protocols. is an alternative to TCP. DHCP, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, is a protocol that assigns IP addresses. , outlines standards for ethernet cabling, and the speeds at which data is transmitted. , outlines standards for wireless communication. |
| Early Internet, Internet Organizations | |
| stars ARPANET, ICANN, Internet governance, Internet infrastructure, Internet backbone Internet exchange points (IXPS) |
question_answer
The modern internet evolved from a DOD agency called the Advanced Research Project Agency, ARPA. ARPA's networking project was called ARPANet. Internet Governance is achieved by using a set of shared protocols and technologies. Network providers work together with internet organizations. The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is responsible for addresses on the internet. The internet is a network of connected networks. These 'sub-networks' are connected together in the internet infrastructure. Tier 1 networks are maintained by ISPs like Verizon, AT&T. Tier 1 networks form the internet backbone, the main routes for data. Internet eXchange Points(IXP) are where ISPs exchange data. |
| DNS | |
|
stars
DNS - Domain Name System, Domain Name,
Domain Name Servers starsDNS Spoofing |
question_answer
A domain name is an easy to remember name, like kroger.com. This domain name is mapped to an IP address by the Domain Name System or DNS. Domain Name Server computers keep tables of domain names and corresponding IP addresses. These tables can be altered to map a domain name to the wrong IP address, DNS spoofing. |
| Connecting to the Internet | |
|
stars
Portable internet address, Static IP address,
Private IP address, Public IP address stars DTE, DCE stars Router stars Symmetric connection,Communications Channel starsTethering starsTransceiver, RF Signals stars Top-level domain Traceroute, Mobile hotspot, Mobile internet access stars Modem stars NAT (Network address translation), Network discovery starsNetwork interface controller |
question_answer
static IP addresses are permanently assigned IP addresses, like those for ISPs, email servers, web sites. Dynamic IP addresses are temporarily allocated IP addresses. Private IP addresses work only within a network, they cannot be used to connect to the internet. NAT, Network address translation maps a private IP address to one that can be used to access the internet. A communication channel transports data from one node to another. Data can be sent via a wired connection or wirelessly. Wireless channels use Radio Frequency (RF) waves and/or microwaves.
Modems are special devices that convert signals from a digital device to signals intended for communications lines. Modem stands for modulator-demodulator. Devices attached to a network are either Data Terminal Equiptment (DTE) or Data Communications Equiptment (DCE). DTEs are devices that generate or store data - like a laptop. DCEs are devices that control the speed of transmission, convert signals - like routers and modems. are used to access a network. NICs have a |
| Internet services | |
| stars BitTorrent, Cable Internet Service, Drop Box, ISDN, DSL, Internet Service Providers(ISPs), Mobile Broadband Service, Mobile Internet Access, Satellite Internet service |
question_answer
is offered to subscribers by cable TV
companies.
supports high speed internet. is typically used in areas without land lines. In terms of transmitting data over the phone lines, the maximum speed for dial-up is 56Kbps, which is far below broadband speed classification. Dial-up transmits data as analog signals. Still using the phone lines, but using packet switching, is slower and less popular than Formany people who do not have other devices, delivers high speed digital data over cell phone systems. |
| Wireless | |
|
stars
Wi-Fi,
Wi-Fi Adapter,
Wi-Fi Hotspot WAN port stars Wireless encryption, Wireless encryption key stars WEP, WPA, WPA2, PSK stars Wired Channels, Wireless Channels |
question_answer
Wi-Fi is defined by the 802.11 standard. is a LAN with an access point that broadcasts Wi-Fi signals. Wi-Fi broadcasts signals through the air, so wireless encryption is essential - this converts the data into an unrecognizable form. Wireless encryption protocols include , , , |
| There are 10 types of people in the world, those who know binary and those who don't! |
question_answer
Binary is a number system, that's it! The number base that binary uses is base 2. The only digits that binary has are 1 and 0. Binary is important for digital representation. A binary 1 represents a pulse and a binary 0 represents no pulse (of electricity of course). Computers record data with pulses of electricity, and these map perfectly to a 1 or a 0. Data is represented as pulses of electricity, mapped to 1s and 0s. Quantities are massive(!), so we apply units of larger measurement. |
||||||||||||||||||
| Binary, Hex, Octal | stars What is binary? stars Why is binary important on computers? stars How can I convert a decimal number to binary? stars What's hexadecimal? stars Can hexadecimal be converted to decimal? binary? stars Why use hexadeciaml or decimal? stars How many bits does a number need? stars What is overflow? |
To convert a binary number to the equivalent decimal number, you use the base, which is 2, and multiply each digit by the base raised to the power of the digit's place position. Click to see an example . A binary number is represented as a string of 1s and 0s, like this 1010 A subscript of 2 indicates that this number is a binary number, and not one thousand and 10. 10012 This number can be shown in expanded form as, (1 x 2 3) + (0 x 2 2) + (0 x 2 1) + (1 x 20) (8) + (0) + (0) + (1) = 9 Octal is a term that represents base 8, and hexadecimal represents base 16. '0x' is a prefix for a hexadecimal number, like 0x1B7A. It takes 4 bits to represent a hexadecimal number in binary. Want to review the hexadecimal chart? Click 0x2D5C? 2 is 0010, D is 1101, 5 is 0101, C is 1100, so 0x2D5C is<PHONE_NUMBER>011100. You can convert 0x2D5C to decimal by using the binary translation and mulyiplying by powers of 2, or you can multiply the digits by powers of 16. 0x2D5C : (2 x 16 3) + (D x 16 2) + (5 x 16 1) + (C x 16 0) The computer only understands pulses of electricity, represented to us as the 1s and 0s in a binary stream. The equivalent decimal, octal and hexadecimal representations take up a lot less space and are easier to compare on a chart. This is why you need to know how to convert between the bases. A bit is the smallest unit of storage on a computer, and can represent a 1 or a 0. Any one hexadecimal digit requires 4 bits. Suppose we only allow for 4 bits of storage and want to represent the number 20? In binary, 20 is 101002. This needs 5 bits, so if we only had 4 bits there would be overflow and we would only see 0100. The hexadecimal number system has 16 digits, shown below with the binary representation.
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Measuring Bits and bytes | |||||||||||||||||||
| stars How do we measure bits and bytes? |
|
Z-Wave is a wireless protocol harnessing low-energy radio waves to help smart devices or appliances communicate successfully with one another.
Zigbee is based on the IEEE's 802.15.4 personal-area network standard. Zigbee is an alternative to Wi-Fi and Bluetooth for some applications including low-powered devices that don't require a lot of bandwidth - like your smart home sensors and devices connected to the IoT.
Bluetooth 4.0 is designed to be more intelligent (hence: Bluetooth Smart) about managing those connections, especially when it comes to conserving energy. The new generation of Bluetooth tech places less emphasis on maintaining a constant stream of information. Instead, it focuses on sending smaller bits of data when needed and then puts the connection to sleep during periods of non-use. When two 4.0 devices are paired, they waste less battery power because the connection is dormant unless critical data is being shared.
Pre-shared key (PSK), a shared secret method, can be added to either WPA or WPA2.
WPA2 has stronger security and is easier to configure then WPA. The main difference with WPA2 is that it uses the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) instead of TKIP. AES is more robust, so it’s a good option for keeping a personal device or company WiFi safe.
WPA is a security protocol designed to create secure wireless (Wi-Fi) networks. It is similar to the WEP protocol, but offers improvements in the way it handles security keys and the way users are authorized. For an encrypted data transfer to work, both systems on the beginning and end of a data transfer must use the same encryption/decryption key. While WEP provides each authorized system with the same key, WPA uses the temporal key integrity protocol (TKIP), which dynamically changes the key that the systems use. This prevents intruders from creating their own encryption key to match the one used by the secure network.
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is a security protocol, specified in the IEEE Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) standard, 802.11b, that is designed to provide a wireless local area network (WLAN) with a level of security and privacy comparable to what is usually expected of a wired LAN.
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) is a professional organizations that develops standards in engineering technology.
Wi-Fi is a wireless network technology defined by IEEE 802.11 standards.
A Wi-Fi device transmits data as radio waves, using either a mesh topology (devices broadcast directly to each other) or a star topology (using a wireless access point).
Wi-Fi signals can reach up to 300 feet, but obstacles like a thick steel or cement wall will cause problems.
Different speeds depend on the classification of Wi-Fi.
Some Wi-Fi speeds are faster then 10BaseT Ethernet.
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) is a professional organizations that develops standards in engineering technology.
Ethernet technology is a wired network technology defined by IEEE 802.3 standards.
Standards for ethernet cabling define the speed of data transmission.
A MAC (Media Access Control) address, identifies devices attached to a LAN. MAC addresses are assigned by the manufacturer.
A MAC address, Wi-Fi address or physical address, works with an IP address on a LAN. DHCP assigns an IP address to a device and links that to the devices MAC address.
NICs, Network Access Controllers, are built into the curcuitry of computers, routers and most other digital devices. They are also available as an add-on, like a USB device.
Local Area Networks, LANs, connect computers typically within a home or office.
LANs include DCEs like modems and/or routers, and cabling or wireless capacity, or both.
Microsoft Windows OS includes a tool for setting up a LAN called a HomeGroup, at home or in a small business.
 Signals are broadcast to about 150 feet.
At the back end, data may be transmitted through DSL or fiber optics.
Speeds can vary, and depend on the number of people using the hotspot.
Wi-Fi Hotspots are not secure, data is transmitted without being encrypted - be careful when using these hotspots to connect to the internet.
Mobile Broadband is continually evolving, the most recent is 5G and Snapdragon-5G. It provides essential service to thise without lad lines, or other devices.
Mobile Broadband connects to a mobile network and sends data through 3G+ services.
Mobile broadband can come in the form of
Speeds vary, upload speeds may reach 5 Mbps and download speeds. 12 Mbps.
Satellite Internet Service broadcasts data to a satellite in space, which is then broadcast again to a land-based ISP.
Fiber To Your Home, FTTH, runs on Fiber Optic cabling and is only available in certain areas built to integrate with fiber optic cabling. Fiber optic cabling is high capacity and can support higher transmission speeds, in excess of 1,000 Mbps.
Digital Subscriber Line internet access technology operates at high speeds. A DSL modem converts signals to high frequency data signals. Voice and data signals are transferred over telephone lines, and then switched to either regular telephone lines, or the internet.
Speeds vary from 768 Kbps to higher than 5 Mbps.
There are variations,
Integrated Services Digital Network technology splits the phone line into a channel for voice and a channel for data. The data channel uses packet switching. Data rates are typically around 128Kbps.
CATV originally stood for Community Antenna TV. A satellite dish would catch TV signals and relay these signals over a system of cables, to subscriber homes.
The topology of the relay infrastructure suits a digital network, for internet data.
Now, when a company offers cable TV service and also internet service, a home network becomes part of a neighborhood network linked by the company digital media, land lines and wireless.
The bandwidth is divided to accomodate uploads, downloads and TV signals.
IP Version 6, IPV6, is an IP addressing schmeme that allows for 128 bits.
Given 128 bits to represet the address, this allows for 2128 IP addresses, approximately 340 undecillion.
IPV6 represents addresses as 8 groups of 4 hexadecimal digits, like this
AB09:DCAB:0A0F:FFCD:BAB1:ABCD:0987:9AC2
We are still in transition to IP Version 6, IPV6.
IP Version 4, IPV4, is an IP addressing schmeme that allows for 32 bits.
Given 32 bits to represet the address, this allows for 232 IP addresses, approximately 4 billion.
IPV4 represents addresses in dotted decimal notation, 4 sets of up to 3 decimal digits, separated by a
dot.
<IP_ADDRESS>
We ran out of IPV4 addressed many years ago, although we are still in transition to IP Version 6, IPV6.
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is an alternative to TCP. UDP also is responsible for 'chunking' data into packets and sending the packets out on the lines of the internet. UDP is faster than TCP, but UDP does not support any error checking!.
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is responsible for 'chunking' data into packets and sending the packets out on the lines of the internet. If all the packets are received, they are assembled in order. Otherwise, TCP requests a retransmission of any lost or corrupted packets in a process of error checking.
A protocol called TCP is responsible for splitting data up into chunks called packets. TCP send packets to the destination, perhaps using different routes. The packets are reassembled at the destination, using a sequence number to keep them in the correct order.
The packets belonging to the original data may travel along different routes to get to the destination. When they arrive at the destination, they are reassembled in sequence with the sequence number.
The older alternative to packet switching is circuit switching - this involves a dedicated line. Think of the old telephone network.
Each packet contains
The packets belonging to the original data may travel along different routes to get to the destination. When they arrive at the destination, they are reassembled in sequence with the sequence number.
Connects multiple nodes to a central node
Connects multiple nodes to a central node
Connects multiple nodes to each other, as a full mesh network or as a partial mesh network
Connects nodes in a linear sequence
Connects one node to another
MacOS includes a tool called AirDrop for making a point to point connection between two devices running MacOS.
Packet switching technology breaks a larger chunk of data into smaller units called packets. These packets are given a sequence number, and labeled with the sender address and the target address before being sent out on the lines of the internet.


This was my first time trying Sertraline, and possibly my last. First let me describe the set up. I started my day at work by snorting some adderral, not remembering that it was a stronger pill than I normally would snort, so instead of a 6 hour rush, I ended up with a 12 hour one. I ended up not even beggining to come down until 5:30 AM. At this point I can't sleep because I can't afford to waste half my day sleeping. I decide to try two Zoloft that I had picked up from a friend, it seemed to be quite the upper when she took it. I downed 100 mg (two 50 mg pills) and then got in my car to drive around. Now in retrospect most of my day is a complete blur, which is one of the downsides of Sertraline. It also caused mild teeth chattering at certain points, as well as teeth clenching (reminded me of extasy in that respect). My pupils were also noticeably dilated, but not to the extent that MDMA has.
The other bad thing I noticed was that I felt somewhat out of synch with people while I was on it, either I was faster or slower but never the same speed. Now that i've gone over the bad, lets look at the good. It's definitly a good wake up drug, I felt like I had a complete nights rest after about an hour after taking the two pills, an affect which lasted all day. As a side note a 50Mg dose of sertraline lasts between 6-8 hours. Also I was quite horny, but in a very detached way if that makes any sense. Anyway my final opinion is that for certain people it's probably a wonderful drug, don't think i'll try it again. Oh and don't make any mistakes, it isnt anything like extasy, but certain similarities remind me of extasy.
Peace.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


{%extends "volunteer/base.html" %} {% load crispy_forms_tags %} {% block content %}
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as brain wrote before: not possible.
cheshiremoe wrote:
I would like to see comments others have on a selected server and how many people have added it to their radar.
but here some other infos: the data is storaged local on YOUR computer, not on a server, so nobody can read it! and the Comments to the entries in your radar list is private, not public, and storaged local too.


Aung San Suu Kyi to 'lead team' to Hague to fight Rohingya genocide case
YANGON: Aung San Suu Kyi will appear before the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to contest a case filed by Gambia accusing Myanmar of genocide against its Rohingya Muslim minority, her government said on Wednesday (Nov 20).
More than 730,000 Rohingya Muslims have fled to neighbouring Bangladesh since a 2017 crackdown by Myanmar's military, which UN investigators say was carried out with “genocidal intent”. Buddhist majority Myanmar denies accusations of genocide.
READ: Myanmar rejects ICC probe over Rohingya as legal pressure mounts
Gambia, a tiny, mainly Muslim West African nation, lodged its lawsuit after winning the support of the Organisation for Islamic Cooperation (OIC), which has 57 member states. Only a state can file a case against another state at the ICJ.
“Myanmar has retained prominent international lawyers to contest the case submitted by Gambia,” the ministry for state counselor Suu Kyi’s office said in a Facebook post.
“The State Counselor, in her capacity as Union Minister for Foreign Affairs, will lead a team to the Hague, Netherlands, to defend the national interest of Myanmar at the ICJ,” it said, giving no further details.
READ: International Criminal Court approves investigation into violence against Myanmar Rohingya
Military spokesman Brigadier General Zaw Min Tun told Reuters the decision was made after the army consulted with the government. "We, the military, will fully cooperate with the government and we will follow the instruction of the government," he said.
A spokesman for Suu Kyi's party, the National League for Democracy, said she had decided to take on the case herself.
"They accused that Daw Aung San Suu Kyi didn't speak out about violations against human rights," spokesman Myo Nyunt said. "And they accused that she didn't try to stop human rights violations. She decided to face that lawsuit by herself."
Both Gambia and Myanmar are signatories to the 1948 Genocide Convention, which not only prohibits states from committing genocide but also compels all signatory states to prevent and punish the crime of genocide.
The ICJ has said it will hold the first public hearings in the case on Dec 10 to 12. The court has no means to enforce any of its rulings


Fn::ImportValue
The intrinsic function Fn::ImportValue
returns the value of an output exported by another stack. You
typically use this function to create cross-stack
references. In the following example template snippets, Stack A exports VPC security
group values and Stack B imports them.
Note
The following restrictions apply to cross-stack references:
-
For each AWS account,
Export
names must be unique within a region. -
You can't create cross-stack references across regions. You can use the intrinsic function
Fn::ImportValue
to import only values that have been exported within the same region. -
For outputs, the value of the
Name
property of anExport
can't useRef
orGetAtt
functions that depend on a resource.Similarly, the
ImportValue
function can't includeRef
orGetAtt
functions that depend on a resource. -
You can't delete a stack if another stack references one of its outputs.
-
You can't modify or remove an output value that is referenced by another stack.
Stack A Export
"Outputs" : { "PublicSubnet" : { "Description" : "The subnet ID to use for public web servers", "Value" : { "Ref" : "PublicSubnet" }, "Export" : { "Name" : {"Fn::Sub": "${AWS::StackName}-SubnetID" }} }, "WebServerSecurityGroup" : { "Description" : "The security group ID to use for public web servers", "Value" : { "Fn::GetAtt" : ["WebServerSecurityGroup", "GroupId"] }, "Export" : { "Name" : {"Fn::Sub": "${AWS::StackName}-SecurityGroupID" }} } }
Stack B Import
"Resources" : { "WebServerInstance" : { "Type" : "AWS::EC2::Instance", "Properties" : { "InstanceType" : "t2.micro", "ImageId" : "ami-a1b23456", "NetworkInterfaces" : [{ "GroupSet" : [{"Fn::ImportValue" : {"Fn::Sub" : "${NetworkStackNameParameter}-SecurityGroupID"}}], "AssociatePublicIpAddress" : "true", "DeviceIndex" : "0", "DeleteOnTermination" : "true", "SubnetId" : {"Fn::ImportValue" : {"Fn::Sub" : "${NetworkStackNameParameter}-SubnetID"}} }] } } }
Declaration
JSON
{ "Fn::ImportValue" :
sharedValueToImport
}
YAML
You can use the full function name:
Fn::ImportValue:
sharedValueToImport
Alternatively, you can use the short form:
!ImportValue
sharedValueToImport
Important
You can't use the short form of !ImportValue
when it contains a
!Sub
. The following example is valid for AWS CloudFormation, but
not valid for YAML:
!ImportValue !Sub "${NetworkStack}-SubnetID"
Instead, you must use the full function name, for example:
Fn::ImportValue: !Sub "${NetworkStack}-SubnetID"
Parameters
- sharedValueToImport
-
The stack output value that you want to import.
Return Value
The stack output value.
Example
JSON
{ "Fn::ImportValue" : {"Fn::Sub": "${NetworkStackNameParameter}-SubnetID" } }
YAML
Fn::ImportValue: !Sub "${NetworkStackName}-SecurityGroupID"
Supported Functions
You can use the following functions in the Fn::ImportValue
function. The
value of these functions can't depend on a resource.
-
Fn::Base64
-
Fn::FindInMap
-
Fn::If
-
Fn::Join
-
Fn::Select
-
Fn::Split
-
Fn::Sub
-
Ref


---
layout: post
title: Intresting titbit on what a good idea it is to hire quality developers
tags:
- Software Development
- Work Practices
status: publish
type: post
published: true
meta: {}
---
Revolution Systems Blog: A Guide to Hiring Programmers: The High Cost of Low Quality
What is an expert programmer?
Powered by ScribeFire.


Blackfriday is a Markdown processor implemented in Go. It is paranoid about its input (so you can safely feed it user-supplied data), it is fast, it supports common extensions (tables, smart punctuation substitutions, etc.), and it is safe for all UTF-8 (unicode) input.
HTML output is currently supported, along with Smartypants extensions. An experimental LaTeX output engine is also included.
It started as a translation from C of Sundown.
go get github.com/russross/blackfriday
will download, compile, and install the package into your $GOPATH
directory hierarchy. Alternatively, you can achieve the same if you
import it into a project:
import "github.com/russross/blackfriday"
and go get
without parameters.
For basic usage, it is as simple as getting your input into a byte slice and calling:
output := blackfriday.MarkdownBasic(input)
This renders it with no extensions enabled. To get a more useful feature set, use this instead:
output := blackfriday.MarkdownCommon(input)
Blackfriday itself does nothing to protect against malicious content. If you are dealing with user-supplied markdown, we recommend running blackfriday’s output through HTML sanitizer such as Bluemonday.
Here’s an example of simple usage of blackfriday together with bluemonday:
import (
"github.com/microcosm-cc/bluemonday"
"github.com/russross/blackfriday"
)
// ...
unsafe := blackfriday.MarkdownCommon(input)
html := bluemonday.UGCPolicy().SanitizeBytes(unsafe)
Simplified BSD License. Copyright © 2011 Russ Ross


--- layout: post status: publish published: true title: More Candidates for Community Contribution author: display_name: Tomas Restrepo login: tomasr email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>url: http://winterdom.com/ author_login: tomasr author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>author_url: http://winterdom.com/ wordpress_id: 764 wordpress_url: http://winterdom.com/2006/08/morecandidatesforcommunitycontribution date: '2006-08-28 06:44:33 +0000' date_gmt: '2006-08-28 06:44:33 +0000' categories: - Personal - Development tags: [] comments: [] ---
About a month ago I posted an offer to the community for a contribution to a community leader of an MVP invite card for a one-year MSDN subscription. I haven't had much interest in this yet, which is why I haven't announced the lucky winner yet.
Come on people! If you've got any ideas or candidates, send them my way!


Enter image URL in the box below and click "Query by URI" to look for image URL in elog.io catalog. Or click "Load image" and then "Query by hash" to look for the image by perceptual hash.
Make sure that blockhash, png.js and jpgjs are available to run this example.
Result:


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C# & VB .Net, Python, VB, PL/SQLVBScript, JavaScript & TypeScript
SQL Server 2005/2008 R2 With a pinch of Postgresql & MYSQL
HTML 5, CSS 3, AngularJS, Angular 2/4/5 Django, KnockOutJS & ASP.NET
Rabbit MQ, REST & SOAP Services JSON & XML
Entity Framework 4, MVC, MVVMPetaPoco & NancyFX
SQL Server Reporting Services
Crystal Reports
A Summer Workshop with GridBots & an Internship @ L&T Infotech where I got hooked onto programming and started developing web crawlers & content management systems.
Graduated from Mumbai University with a Bachelors in Information Technology and accepted a job at L&T Infotech
Learnt valuable lessons in requirement gathering and development while developing and maintaining a web application involving a dozen stakeholders and hundreds of users.
Certified in Web Applications Development with Microsoft .NET Framework 4 (70-515 TS)
And Designing and Developing Web Applications Using Microsoft .NET Framework 4 (70-519 PRO).
Won the company spot award for steering the project successfully during a critical release.
Took on the role of the Team Lead in 2013 and was responsible for delivery & QA compliance as per CMMI SVC 1.3.
Took on the role of Onsite Technical Lead for L&T Infotech @ Viacom Inc in Times Square New York.
Role includes requirement gathering & analysis, solution architecting, ensuring end to end delivery of all tasks and creating design documents.
Accepted the role of Sr. Software Engineer with Randstad at Scholastic Inc.
Had the priviledge of working on revolutionary educational products that provide educators the tools they need to help meet their critical reading goals.
I have worked with Karthik on various collaborative projects and have learnt quite a few things from him. He is not only technically very strong in programming, but also has a knack for picking up new languages quickly. Apart from being a good team player, he also displays commendable skills at guiding team members. As an individual he exhibits a good temperament backed up by strong communication skills.
I have worked with Karthik for a year and a half. He is apt at prioritizing tasks and completing deliverables well before time. He has time and again crafted ingenious solutions for complex problems demonstrating organizational and analytical skills of the highest order. He is unfazed by chaotic situations and ambiguity. Even when we were under pressure to deliver critical tasks with very little time, he was at his best.
Karthik is a capable and tireless Lead with exceptional client relationship skills built on trust. We worked together to serve a common client as Developer & QA. He always showed a strong diversity in his technical skills & did not shy away from researching solutions to meet new challenges. In addition to the respect of his customers, he is well respected by both his leadership & those he manages. Finally, I most admire his boundless energy & determination!!
Software innovation, like almost every other kind of innovation, requires the ability to collaborate and share ideas with other people, and to sit down and talk with customers and get their feedback and understand their needs.


Pick one of the following to find out your next destination!
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The FCC is repealing net neutrality, but we can stop them by using the Congressional Review Act (CRA). We need one more vote to win in the Senate, and we're launching an Internet-wide push to get it.
Fill out the form below. We’ll help you contact Congress and send you alerts about the day of action.
Want to make your voice heard? Check out the map below to find a protest or a meeting with a representative in your state. And if there are no events in your area, consider organizing one! Or view our full events page here.
Below is a list of notable websites, companies, and organizations who have confirmed their participation in the February 27th day of action. The list is broad, and represents a wide range of perspectives and online communities. The one thing all of them agree on: defending Title II net neutrality.
Websites, Internet users, and online communities will come together to harness our power to secure the #OneMoreVote we need to pass the CRA resolution in the Senate. We'll provide tools for everyone to make it super easy for your followers / visitors to take action. From the SOPA blackout to the Internet Slowdown, we've shown time and time again that when the Internet comes together, we can stop censorship and corruption. Now, we have to do it again!
We've learned that Congress listens to business owners. If you own a business, you can tell Congress you support net neutrality by signing our letter supporting the CRA here. If you don't own a business, you can still help out by tweeting at businesses in your area. Learn more here.
 "Title II" of the Communications Act is what provides the legal foundation for net neutrality and prevents Internet Service Providers like Comcast, Verizon, and AT&T from slowing down and blocking websites, or charging apps and sites extra fees to reach an audience (which they then pass along to consumers.) The Internet has thrived precisely because of net neutrality. It's what makes it so vibrant and innovative—a place for creativity, free expression, and exchange of ideas. Without net neutrality, the Internet will become more like Cable TV, where the content you see is what your provider puts in front of you.
The FCC voted to kill net neutrality on December 14, 2017. But Congress can block their repeal using the Congressional Review Act (CRA). It takes a simple majority in the Senate and House. It can't be blocked by leadership, and there can be no amendments or filibusters. We already have 50 votes committed in the Senate, so we just need one more to win! Then we take the fight to the House where there are already more than 100 cosponsors. We'll need 218 votes there to win. Let's get started!
On February 27, sites from across the web will display a prominent alert on their homepage to flood the Senate with messages in support of using the CRA to overturn the FCC's vote to destroy net neutrality. To use these them, you just need to embed a bit of javascript in the header of your site. Click here to try them out, and then be sure to grab the code on GitHub. If you're a Cloudflare user, try out their Battle for the Net app. And for Wordpress, use their plug-in here.
Feel free to use these alerts, our other alerts, or create a unique message that makes sense for your site. If you choose to create a custom alert, please make sure to link your users to battleforthenet.com so they can contact their Senators.
Do you run a popular mobile app? Tell your users that ISPs want new powers to control what they see and do online.
We're just getting started with organizing Operation: #OneMoreVote, so sign up and we’ll get in touch soon with more information. If you have ideas or want to help, let us know. If you run a high-traffic website, startup, or small business, get in touch. We need you!
“I support Title Two net neutrality and I urge you to use the Congressional Review Act to pass a "resolution of disapproval" reversing the FCC's December vote to repeal the Open Internet Order.”
Enter your number and we'll connect you to Congress & the FCC. We'll also give you suggestions on what to say.
EVERYONE: SHARE ON SOCIAL MEDIA
Are you a social media user? Tell all your friends to join the protest on February 27. Click here to access Operation: #OneMoreVote graphics, videos and suggested tweets.
Or change your avatar to a dreaded loading sign below.


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In The Mood For...
"In The Mood For" is a small local sweets business. They specialize in Flower cakes and Macaroons. The business is Asian owned and operated, and was looking for a clean and modern approach to Chinese ink and water color paintings. Taking inspiration from the logo of the film “In the Mood for Love”, I added in the touches of red often found in ancient Chinese Ink based paintings.


If you write on the web then it is safe to assume that you use html to format your text. It can be as simple as wrapping your words around a
tag to make it bold or around
to add emphasis. Then there are anchor tags for the links to other resources, image tags, headings etc. Writing on the web is more complex than writing on say a piece of paper because you not only have to think about what you are going to write you have to keep in mind to format your words properly as well.
It is also safe to assume that most of you do not type these tags with hand but instead use a text editor that wraps your text around the proper tags. A click of a button and the text is bold. A click of a button and the text is emphasized. A click of a button and .... well you get my point.
While this may all sound simple my limited experience on writing for the web tells me that that every time you leave the keyboard to reach for that button to click you break your typing rhythm. This is where markdown comes in handy. It allows you to concentrate on your words while providing shortcuts to format them.
But this convenience does not come for free. There is a slight learning curve associated with markdown. Though if you take time to learn it can make writing on the web a more pleasurable experience. I will cover some of the most common formatting that we use while writing and show how it can be done in a simpler way using markdown. Hopefully after reading this article you will be encouraged to learn markdown.
On the left hand side I give the markdown syntax and on the right followed by a '->' it's HTML equivalent.
Headings : In html there are 6 levels of headings. H1 to H6 in the decreasing order of importance.So H1 is the most important heading and H6 is the least important one. Markdown makes it trivial to create headings.
#Heading ->
Heading 1

##Heading ->
Heading 2

###Heading ->
Heading 3

####Heading ->
Heading 4

#####Heading ->
Heading 5

######Heading - >
Heading 6

"#" tells the markdown interpreter to interpret the text following it as a heading and the number of tags give the order of the heading. So a single "#" is h1 while a "##" h2 and so on.
Emphasis : _Emphasized text_ -> Emphasized text
** Bold text ** ->  Bold text
[link text](url to the link) - > link text
![alt text](image url)->
--- ->

If you are reading this syntax for the first time it might look a bit cryptic to you but it is actually much better than using a text editor. For example imagine a piece of text
"It was raining hard."
Now you want to bold the word "hard". You could either
Or just wrap the text inside ** **
. To me the markdown methods sounds much simpler.
There are tonnes of markdown editors available on the web. They mostly fall into one of the two categories
The former type of editors display the converted text as you type it. While the latter shows you a preview when you explicitly ask for it. Personally I prefer the preview on demand editors since once you learn markdown the eager preview becomes a distraction. Whatever editor you may chose though I am certain that once you learn how to use markdown it will make writing on the web painless and even enjoyable.
This article only scratches the surface of what markdown can do as the purpose of this article was to introduce you to it's syntax. If you want to learn more about it check out the reference. I suggest rather that learning it all in one go just look at the ones that you need at the moment this way it will be much more easier to grasp.
Bonus : See the original markdown text for this post and compare it to the rendered screen that you are reading right now.


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Last week I went for two trips to space. The first one was on a private spacecraft. I won it through a competition on the back of a cereal box or something. It was really fun.
This photo was taken aboard the private spacecraft. At this point being in space was still pretty new for me, so I was fairly excited about it.
When I got back to Earth, NASA wanted me for another mission. This time we went to the International Space Station. I wasn’t busy or anything so I agreed to go. It was really fun too.
This picture is of me with the NASA space shuttle. We made some mission critical upgrades to some mission critical systems and went on a mission critical space walk. This was my first time doing a space walk. It was pretty neat.
Sorry if the photo is hard to make out. It’s tricky taking photos in space because of all the mission critters!
In this picture I am hanging out with Rob and Chris who are two other astronauts. We are attaching a new truss segment to the ISS and beginning to upgrade the power grid or something like that. I like this photo because you can see my house in the background.
After the upgrades were done we flew home. Then I woke up and realised it was all a dream.
Anyway I hope you like my pictures. I am glad I brought my camera, otherwise my friends would never believe that I really went to space in my dream.
By Richard age 24


SS2226
Home - Scientific Calculator
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(
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9
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2^x
4
5
6
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log
logx(base-y)
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2
3
+
ln
e^x
+/-
0
.
=


Once upon a time, software-creators had only a few platforms to build on. Today, there are many to choose from.
Chrome: The world's most popular desktop browser will take you far.
Slack: The fastest growing enterprise app to date.
Facebook: Reach 900 million people with Messenger.
Windows: Has ~85% of the PC market share.
Mac: Among other things... Menu bars apps are great.
Linux: Why not.
Web: By far the most popular platform makers are building on today.
“Write today, for future.”


I'm not much into architecture, but fire stations always stick out to me. The tall bays for the trucks, the upstairs living quarters, and the requiste fire pole are all interesting design constraints for any building.
DC seems to have preserved a number of historic fire houses-- used now as restaurants, apartments and gyms.
I'd planned to track down and photograph each fire station and map them, but Mike Legeros has already documented them here. Thanks Mike!


So excited to get back to home community tonight. Been too sick (or too out-of-town) for too long now.
1/14/2009, 5:04:51 PM
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link--- layout: tweet ---
So excited to get back to home community tonight. Been too sick (or too out-of-town) for too long now.
1/14/2009, 5:04:51 PM
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Module array
Functions for the array part of tables.
Usage:
function flatten(tbl) return array.reduce(tbl, function(a,v) if type(v) == "table" then return array.join(a, flatten(v)) else return array.append(a, v) end end, {}) end
Functions
| append(tbl[, ...]) | Append multiple elements to the end of an array. |
| filter(tbl, callback) | Filter an array using a function. |
| forEach(tbl, callback) | Execute a function on each element of an array. |
| join(tbl[, ...]) | Join multiple arrays into a single big array. |
| map(tbl, callback) | Apply a function to each element of an array. |
| reduce(tbl, callback[, init]) | Apply a function against an accumulator and each element of an array from lowest to highest index. |
| reduceRight(tbl, callback[, init]) | Apply a function against an accumulator and each element of an array from highest to lowest index. |
Functions
- append(tbl[, ...])
-
Append multiple elements to the end of an array.
Ths will append each of its argument from the second onward to the end of the
array passed as the first argument.
Parameters:
- tbl table The array to be written to.
- ...
The elements to be added to the end of
tbl
. (optional)
Returns:
tbl
- filter(tbl, callback)
-
Filter an array using a function.
Traverse the array while removing or changing elements depending on the value
that was returned by the passed filter callback. This method will read each
index exactly once.
array.filter will make shure to shift all remaining elements into possibly freed spaces, so no additional holes will be created.
To execute a function on each element without changing the structure of the array, neither array.map nor array.forEach include code to fix holes during traversal, wich will increase execution speed for those cases.
Parameters:
- tbl table The array to be filtered.
- callback
function
Function to execute for each element in the array.
Will take three parameters:
value
The current element being processed in the array.
index
The index of the current element being processed in the array.
tbl
The array filter was called upon.
Return the original value to keep the entry, a new value to change the entry, or
nil
to remove the entry from the array.
Returns:
tbl
- forEach(tbl, callback)
-
Execute a function on each element of an array.
This funtion will execute a function on each element of an array, without
modifiying its content. This is the fastest of the traversal functions and
will read each index exactly once.
To modify the contents of an array without removing elements, see array.map. To be able remove and modify elements of an array, use array.filter.
Parameters:
- tbl table The array to be traversed.
- callback
function
Function to execute for each element in the array.
Will take three parameters:
value
The current element being processed in the array.
index
The index of the current element being processed in the array.
tbl
The array forEach was called upon.
Return values are ignored.
Returns:
tbl
- join(tbl[, ...])
-
Join multiple arrays into a single big array.
This will add all the elements of second table onwards to the end of the
first array.
As this function will mutate its first argument, a call like
array.join(a, a, a)
will not behave as expected. If the first argument appears again anywhere but in the second argument, consider calling this function asa = array.join({}, a, a, a)
.Parameters:
Returns:
tbl
- map(tbl, callback)
-
Apply a function to each element of an array.
Traverse an array while changing the value of the element depending on the
value that was returned by the passed map callback. This method will read
each index exactly once.
Be careful when returning
nil
in the callback function, as this behaviour will introduce holes in your array. To be able to passnil
in order to signal removal, use array.filter instead.To simply execute a function without changing the content of the array, array.forEach will be sligtly faster.
Parameters:
- tbl table The array to be mapped.
- callback
function
Function to execute for each element in the array.
Will take three parameters:
value
The current element being processed in the array.
index
The index of the current element being processed in the array.
tbl
The array map was called upon.
Return values are written back to the array. See the main description about returning
nil
from the callback.
Returns:
tbl
- reduce(tbl, callback[, init])
-
Apply a function against an accumulator and each element of an array from
lowest to highest index.
Parameters:
- tbl table The array to be reduced.
- callback
function
Function to execute for each element in the array.
Will take four parameters:
accumulator
Initial value or value last returned by callback.
value
The current element being processed in the array.
index
The index of the current element being processed in the array.
tbl
The array map was called upon.
The return value is stored in an accumulator for the next invocation of
callback
. - init
Initial value for the accumulator. If omitted, the
accumulator will be set to the value of the first array entry and the first
call to
callback
will be skipped. (optional)
Returns:
-
The accumulator value returned by the last call to
callback
. - reduceRight(tbl, callback[, init])
-
Apply a function against an accumulator and each element of an array from
highest to lowest index.
Parameters:
- tbl table The array to be reduced.
- callback
function
Function to execute for each element in the array.
Will take four parameters:
accumulator
Initial value or value last returned by callback.
value
The current element being processed in the array.
index
The index of the current element being processed in the array.
tbl
The array map was called upon.
The return value is stored in an accumulator for the next invocation of
callback
. - init
Initial value for the accumulator. If omitted, the
accumulator will be set to the value of the last array entry and the first
call to
callback
will be skipped. (optional)
Returns:
-
The accumulator value returned by the last call to
callback
.