org.openide.nodes
.
In particular, the class
Node
is the logical starting point.
The Nodes API controls the usage and creation of nodes, which are a variant of JavaBeans that may have adjustable property sets; provide cookies and actions; be visually displayed in the Explorer with full hierarchy support; and other features.
Nodes themselves ought not be used to hold actual data; that should be stored in a data object, or in some other appropriate storage mechanism. Rather, they provide a presentation device for existing data.
The Explorer interactions with nodes include actions that the node provides (generally available in a right-click context menu); cookie-based action enabling (so that the node selection affects the availability of system actions, like Compile); cut, copy, and paste support, as well as reordering of children, deletion, and creation of new children; displayable names and icons, which may be sensitive to the state of the node; and so on.
Importantly, nodes are not dead data - they are live components. So, actions taken in one part of the system will frequently cause open Explorer views to refresh to display the new node structure (for example, after pasting a component onto a form); and conversely, actions that seem natural to do in the Explorer will usually be accessible there through its interface and update the rest of the system accordingly (for example, deleting a toolbar button in the Environment subtree has immediate effect). These capabilities owe to the rich event notification supported by the Nodes API.
A more complex example is a Java class representing a form - this node actually has one child subtree representing the Java source hierarchy (classes, methods, and fields); and one subtree representing the AWT/Swing component hierarchy (frames, panels, buttons, etc.). Each type of subnode has its own behavior - for example, the component nodes can display Layout and Events property sheets, and if containers, can permit pasting in of components onto the form.
Node
abstract class. However, in practice it is most common to actually
subclass a convenient base class,
AbstractNode
,
or one of its subclasses. Your node class needs to specify a list of
child nodes in the constructor (the contents of which may be changed
later, but not the identity of the Children
object
itself); for the case of a leaf node, just pass in
Children.LEAF
.
As this class is not abstract, there are no strict requirements on what needs to be overridden. However, the following general methods you are likely to want to override:
AbstractNode.canCopy()
and related methods (for cutting, renaming, and destroying) are all
true by default, so that the node may be moved around somewhat
arbitrarily (though to paste requires the permission of the new
parent, of course). If it is inappropriate for your node to be
relocated as data in this way, you should turn these abilities
off. See the section on edit operations for
details.
You may set these explicitly with
Node.setName(...)
and
Node.setDisplayName(...)
,
or you may want to take advantage of AbstractNode
's
ability to have the display name be calculated implicitly from the
system name by means of a
format string.
There is also a
short description
which is intended for things such as tool tips on the node.
AbstractNode.setIconBaseWithExtension(...)
to set the base name for the icon image resources.
Node.getPropertySets()
;
but sheets are convenient to handle, and they may be used from an
AbstractNode
, for example by overriding
AbstractNode.createSheet()
to provide the basic list of property sets desired for the
node. (You should get the sheet set you need from it, checking
whether it really exists yet, add properties to the sheet set, and
then replace it into the sheet to be sure your changes take
effect.)
Each property has a few interesting aspects to it:
FeatureDescriptor.getName()
.
It may also have a display name, similarly.
Node.Property.canRead()
and
Node.Property.canWrite()
.
Node.Property.getValueType()
.
There may also be a
default value.
Node.Property
which provide useful refinements:
PropertySupport.Name
creates a property specifically binding the node's name (system name,
not display name; if you are using AbstractNode
, handling
the system name only should suffice). This support ought to be used by
any node for which it makes sense for the user to modify the name in
the property sheet. If modifying the name should be permitted but
would need to trigger other changes, the support probably would not be
helpful (or it could be subclassed).
IndexedPropertySupport
helps create indexed properties.
PropertySupport.ReadOnly
and similar classes restrict the directionality of the property.
PropertySupport.Reflection
helps create a property based on JavaBean introspection.
Naturally, common node implementation classes such as
DataNode
may automatically create a sheet with some useful properties on it;
then this sheet should generally be appended to by overriding
AbstractNode.createSheet()
and calling the superclass method first.
For complex nodes, such as a system option controlling the
appearance of an entire editor, it may be cumbersome for the user to
edit individual properties, especially without getting a holistic
preview. If this is the case, a customizing GUI component may be
returned from
Node.getCustomizer()
,
and
Node.hasCustomizer()
turned on. The exact way in which the customizer will be displayed is
determined by NetBeans, but typically it will be popped up in a dialog
or non-modal window; it should be tied to the node's properties
however appropriate.
If a full customizer is not required, individual properties may
still have a custom editing style associated with them;
Node.Property.getPropertyEditor()
is used to look for a property editor, defaulting to the standard
JavaBeans property editor for the appropriate type.
Note that the Nodes API, unlike JavaBeans, permits a specific
instance of
PropertyEditor
to be associated with the node, not just its class - so if you override
getPropertyEditor()
, it is possible to select an editor
based on the current state of the node (for example, a table may have
a completely different editor when it is bound to a SQL rowset), or to
keep an initialized editor associated with a node that may have some
UI state not kept in the node itself.
Node.EMPTY
.
To create a hierarchy node that will act as a parent for other nodes,
you must consider both what type of children it will have, and how
those children should be managed.
The basic data structure for managing a child list is
Children
,
which is not likely to be subclasses directly but rather used in the
form of one of the support classes available for it. Note that the
node must keep the same children object throughout its lifetime, and
the children object is responsible for managing the addition, removal,
and structure of children under it.
A simple child list may be created with
Children.Array
.
You need only create it with the default constructor, and add child
nodes to it (at any time, or remove them later for that matter) using
Children.add(...)
.
If it is desirable that the children be sorted when displayed, you can use e.g.
Children.SortedArray
to do this. In this case, the comparator (i.e. sort criteria) can be
changed at any time.
If the children need to be accessed based on keys, as in a
hashtable, this is possible with
Children.Map
(and also
Children.SortedMap
).
Along similar lines,
Children.Keys
permits clustering of the children by key, where several children may
be associated with one key. This class may be especially useful when
mirroring an external hierarchical system into a node hierarchy, such
as Java class hierarchies, which need the children to be partitioned
in a certain way (e.g. methods vs. fields).
This document will not go into the details of subclassing children
lists, since doing so is not likely to be required very
frequently - the provided support classes should handle the common
cases. If it is necessary to subclass, the documentation for
Children
should suffice.
Children.SortedArray
guarantees that your children will be properly sorted without any work
beyond providing the comparator. However, for an unsorted child list
it may be useful to provide support for directed reordering of the
children.
Generally you will want to make the children rearrangeable by
the user, as well as by external code. To do so, you should implement the
Index
cookie on your node, which exists to handle this case. This cookie provides ways
for the user to move particular children around, or to undertake a
complete rearrangement using a
dialog box.
There is a generic
support class
which implements the raw requirements of the cookie, but this is
usually used in a more friendly form by using a special children
implementation such as
Index.ArrayChildren
.
This implementation stores a list of children and makes it
straightforward for the user to manipulate the order in several ways.
(If your node is actually a
DataNode
representing a data object, there are already some conventions for
attaching actions and cookies to the node, which prepopulate certain
entries based on the data loader and/or data object. The Datasystems
API describes these defaults.)
Attaching cookies to a node, so that it will be considered to
implement certain behaviors, is quite straightforward. The basic
interface for retrieving a cookie is
Node.getCookie(...)
.
However, this is abstract in Node
, and also
Node
itself does not set any policy for settings up the
cookies for a node or changing them.
Rather, if you are subclassing AbstractNode
, you may
use
AbstractNode.setCookieSet(...)
to specify a set of cookies to be returned by the node (and you should
merge your cookies with those provided by the superclass, as a
rule). The
CookieSet
is a simple container for cookies looked up by their representation
class. The AbstractNode
will then use this as an index
for implementing getCookie(...)
.
To attach actions to a node, which are listed by
Node.getActions()
(and sometimes a primary and obvious action in
Node.getDefaultAction()
),
you should merge the superclass' actions into your own (if desired),
and override e.g.
AbstractNode.createActions()
,
which is called to set up the actions list when
getActions()
is first called.
These actions may be used by various UI components to clearly
associate commands with the node, e.g. by providing them in a pop-up
menu.
Node.getDefaultAction()
and
Node.getContextActions()
provide more refined variants of the actions list which may be
appropriate for different presentations. Nodes with unusual needs for
action presentation can override
Node.getContextMenu()
to define a particular UI for this presentation.
Currently, system gives you ability to automatically install a node of your choice into (currently three) common places in the IDE:
Runtime nodes are installed in the Explorer's
Runtime hierarchy. This may be used for modules which need to
provide user-level access to some transient aspect of the module's
operation not otherwise apparent. For example, an HTTP filesystem
might want to provide a node under the Runtime displaying
information about its cache, and permitting operations such as
clearing the cache.
Nodes of such type should be placed in the UI/Runtime/ folder
using *.instance syntax,
simply specifying class of the node in question.
Root nodes are installed as roots for a whole new
hierarchy. These roots may be displayed as switchable tab panes in the
Explorer, to visually represent each root in parallel. Please do not
create a new root without a compelling UI justification.
Nodes of type Root should be
placed in the Windows/Components/ folder using *.settings syntax,
defining org.openide.explorer.ExplorerPanel type of component. Use ability of
*.settings file to specify creator method to asociate explorer panel
with your root node. Consult Winsys API,
xml layers section for details.
Session nodes, appropriate to items which are neither transient nor
project-oriented, are installed in the Tools/Options area, highest level.
Nodes of type Session should be
placed in the UI/Services/ folder, again using
*.instance syntax.
The basic definition of how settings in layers work is given in the Services API.
Node.getHandle()
,
and to restore the node call
Node.Handle.getNode()
.
Creation of a usable handle is implemented in
AbstractNode
, and you should not need to override
it. However, note that a handle consists of a handle for the root node
of the target node's hierarchy together with a path (by system name)
down to the target node; so if you are creating a root node, and want
it or its children to be serializable, then you should create a
specific implementation of Node.Handle
capable of
reconstructing your root from scratch, and return it from
Node.getHandle()
.
The methods in NodeOp
such as
NodeOp.findPath(...)
may also be used for general-purpose navigation along the hierarchy,
should this be necessary.
Since most of this behavior is automatic and driven by the
JavaBeans API, you need do little to use it: just create a node using
new BeanNode(...)
.
Do not confuse such a bean node, which may be any sort of node that just happens to use the JavaBeans API to implement its behavior, with the specific kind of node created to represent a data object whose file is found to be a JavaBean (serialized, or as a class) - this latter type of node behaves in most respects like any other data node, and just adds a couple of features like a Customize action.
new FilterNode(...)
to create such a proxy.
Or, you may use
AbstractNode.cloneNode()
to create the filter if the node does not intrinsically support
Cloneable
,
or to really clone it if it does. Note that a properly-designed node
does not actually store real data, but just provides an interface to
that data; and so it is reasonable to implement Cloneable
to provide a new node attached to the same data, if that behavior is
desired. Some nodes, such as DataNode
s, do not do this,
as such behavior would be contrary to the UI goal of having a data
node live in one place in the Repository according to the position of
the data object and primary file object.
Node.addNodeListener(...)
.
This will report the changes mentioned directly in
NodeListener
, as well as several varieties of standard
property changes (since NodeListener
extends
PropertyChangeListener
): node name, parent, cookies,
property sets (i.e. the available properties, not their
values), and icons.
Node.addPropertyChangeListener(...)
.
This will report only changes relating to the exposed Bean-like
properties of the node, not intrinsic properties like the
parent.
There are some simple node-level operations which do not need to
use data transfer.
AbstractNode.setName(...)
and
Node.destroy()
may simply be overridden to handle customized renames and
deletes. (Or, you could attach a NodeListener
to take
action after the fact, if that suffices.)
Supporting creation of fresh children is possible by overriding
Node.getNewTypes()
to provide a list of new types of data which can be created under your
node. Each of these should implement
NewType.create()
to actually create a new child. Make sure that you include
NewAction
in your
list of actions.
Certain standard subclasses of AbstractNode
(such as the
DataNode
commonly used to represent data objects) already have special
implementations of data transfer appropriate to your task (such as
actually moving a file object to a new folder), which may eliminate the need to deal
with it directly.
This flow assumes a copy-and-paste operation. Cut-and-paste is
rather similar (the source node would be destroyed rather than cloned,
typically). Also, use of AbstractNode
s is assumed;
otherwise the nodes involved would have to implement more.
The scenario is that Node B permits other nodes to be pasted into it, creating shortcuts; the user wants to create a shortcut to some arbitrary Node A.
Node.canCopy()
(turned on in AbstractNode
).
Note that
ExplorerUtils
provides the regular implementation of CopyAction
for any
TopComponent
.
AbstractNode.clipboardCopy()
is called. It creates a transferable supporting only one flavor, which is invisible
to the APIs. The creation of this transferable is done by a special utility method which
hides the data flavor and transferables contents:
NodeTransfer.transferable(...)
.
The copy action
sets
that transferable to the clipboard.
AbstractNode.getPasteTypes(...)
,
which in turns calls
AbstractNode.createPasteTypes(...)
to do the work.
Now, AbstractNode
's implementation of
createPasteTypes(...)
only allows one data flavor to be
accepted by the node (so-called "intelligent pastes"); this flavor is
hidden from the APIs but can be tested for in a transferable using
NodeTransfer.findPaste(Transferable)
.
This is not the flavor that was provided by the copy, so no paste type
is created in the super method. However, Node B
in this example was specifically expecting to get copied nodes pasted
into it, so it overrode createPasteTypes(...)
like this:
public class Shortcuts extends AbstractNode { public Shortcuts () { super (new Index.ArrayChildren ()); setName ("Shortcuts"); getCookieSet ().add (ch); } protected SystemAction[] createActions () { return new SystemAction[] { SystemAction.get (ReorderAction.class), null, SystemAction.get (PasteAction.class) }; } protected void createPasteTypes(Transferable t, List ls) { final Node[] ns = NodeTransfer.nodes (t, NodeTransfer.COPY); if (ns != null) { ls.add (new PasteType () { public Transferable paste () throws IOException { Node[] nue = new Node[ns.length]; for (int i = 0; i < nue.length; i++) nue[i] = ns[i].cloneNode (); getChildren ().add (nue); return null; } }); } // Also try superclass, but give it lower priority: super.createPasteTypes(t, ls); } }Nothing is actually pasted yet. However, one paste type, that provided by Node B, has been added to the set of paste types. So, the Paste action sees that there is an option to paste, and provides a context menu item (by default labelled "Paste"), enables the toolbar button, etc.
paste()
method is actually called, making an alias of
Node A and inserting it as one of B's children. The method returns
null
, so the clipboard is left alone.
public Transferable clipboardCopy () throws IOException { Transferable deflt = super.clipboardCopy (); ExTransferable added = ExTransferable.create (deflt); added.put (new ExTransferable.Single (DataFlavor.stringFlavor) { protected Object getData () { return getDisplayName (); } }); return added; }
If the node winds up having multiple paste types available at once, NetBeans may display all of them, say in a submenu. They will be displayed in the same order as they were added.
AbstractNode
by default just looks for the secret data
flavor represented by
NodeTransfer.createPaste(Paste)
and
NodeTransfer.findPaste(Transferable)
,
any part of the
system that wants to be able to paste to nodes can do so without
rewriting the node - provided it knows exactly what to do with the
target node, of course! For example, the following copy implementation
sets the display name of the target node to be the same as that of
the current node:
public Transferable clipboardCopy () throws IOException { Transferable default = super.clipboardCopy (); ExTransferable added = ExTransferable.create (default); added.put (NodeTransfer.createPaste (new NodeTransfer.Paste () { public PasteType[] types (final Node target) { return new PasteType[] { new PasteType () { public Transferable paste () throws IOException { target.setDisplayName (getDisplayName ()); // Clear the clipboard: return ExTransferable.EMPTY; } } }; } })); return added; }Of course, it would be possible to directly insert a transferable such as the one created here into the system clipboard, without needing to have
CopyAction
be
invoked on a node, if that were the desired behavior. Then the
transferable derived from NodeTransfer.createPaste
could be added directly to the system clipboard (use lookup on Clipboard
),
or added as an alternate flavor to any transferable already there.
NodeTransfer.node(...)
,
NodeTransfer.nodes(...)
,
or
NodeTransfer.cookie(...)
;
then no special
cooperation is required from the node (provided it is an
AbstractNode
or similarly implements
clipboardCopy()
and clipboardCut()
).
ClassElement
(from java-src-model.jar)
as a cookie by way of inserting a new method with that name. Such a
convertor should work with any editor, as well as with any implementation
of the source hierarchy that provides the correct cookies. Care should be
take, however, not to override existing flavors in the
clipboard that might be more critical to users. E.g., do not add a
DataFlavor.stringFlavor
transferable if one already exists,
or some important piece of functionality may be lost. In the case of intelligent
node pastes, you could actually merge your own intelligent node paste into
an existing one (several levels of inner classes would be required!).


WITNESS LIST
Appropriations - S/C on Article III Committee
February 18, 2011 - 7:00 AM
House Budget Recommendations
For:
Butler, Tom (Victoria College)
Campion, Bill (Self)
Portillo, Matthew (Self)
Reeser, Mike (TSTC System & Colleges)
On:
Adler, Chelsea (UT Senate of College Councils)
Anglin, Pamela (Paris Junior College)
Barron, Glenda (Temple College)
Bochev, Simeon (Self)
Brown, Giles (Grayson County Junior College District)
Carpenter, Richard (Lone Star College System)
Chen, Emily (UT Senate of College Councils)
Dreith, Mike (Western Texas College)
Eaton, Kevin (Weatherford College)
Escamilla, Mark (Del Mar College)
Forgey, Glendon (Trinity Valley Community College)
Garcia, Rey (Texas Assn. of Community Colleges)
Gonzales, Hector (Southwest Texas Junior College)
Hadlock, Eddie (North Central Texas College)
Hellyer, Brenda (San Jacinto Community College District)
Helmcamp, Leslie (Center for Public Policy Priorities)
Hicks, Jud (Frank Phillips College)
Holda, William (Kilgore College & Texas Association & Comminty Colleges TACC)
Johnson, Brad (Northeast Texas Community College)
Johnson Hadley, Erma (Tarrant County College District)
Johnston, Dusty (Vernon College)
Jolly, Richard (Midland College)
Kappus, Sheryl (Hill College)
Kinslow, Stephen (Austin Community College District)
Lassiter, Wright (Dallas County Community College District)
Leslie, Bruce (Alamo Colleges)
Leslie, Steven (University of Texas at Austin)
Matney, Paul (Amarillo College)
McCrohan, Betty (Wharton County Jr. College)
McKown, Johnette (McLennan Community College)
Metke, Mike (Tyler Junior College)
Miller, Van (Blinn College)
Mitchell, Tedd (Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center)
Murphy, Michael T. (Lee College)
Phillips, Larry (Angelina College)
1
WITNESS LIST
On:
Powell, Gregory (Panola College)
Rasco, Thomas (Texarkana College)
Reed, Shirley (South Texas College)
Sanchez, Richard (TACC / Navarro College)
Sharp, Kelvin (South Plains College, Levelland TX)
Shelton, Myles (Galveston College)
Shirley, Phil (Clarendon College)
Smith, Bobby (Cisco College)
Spangler, Mary S. (Houston Community College)
Sparks, Cheryl (Howard College)
Talarico, Jimmy (Student Government of the University of Texas at Austin)
Templer, Lisa (College of the Mainland Community College District)
Valek, Millicent (Brazosport College)
Versluis, John (Hill, College, Texas Heritage Museum)
Williams, Gregory (Odessa College)
2


Uses of Class
myGame.Point
-
Uses of Point in myGame
Fields in myGame declared as Point Modifier and Type Field Description static Point
Main. gridStart
Top left point where the grid starts.Methods in myGame that return Point Modifier and Type Method Description Point
Point. add(int x, int y)
Returns a new point with translated coordinates.Point
Point. add(Direction d)
Return a new point with translated coordinates by 1 in given direction.Point
Point. add(Point p)
Returns a new point with translated coordinates.Point
Point. copy()
Point
Castle. getLocation()
static Point
Main. pixelToGridCoordinates(Point p)
Convert a pixel from the window into its grid coordinatesPoint
Point. scalar(float f)
Returns a new point with its coordinates multiplied by a number.Point
Point. scalar(int i)
Returns a new point with its coordinates multiplied by a number.Point
Direction. toPoint()
Methods in myGame that return types with arguments of type Point Modifier and Type Method Description static java.util.function.Predicate<Point>
Point. PredicatIsEquals(Point p2)
A predicate used to test if two points are equalMethods in myGame with parameters of type Point Modifier and Type Method Description Point
Point. add(Point p)
Returns a new point with translated coordinates.boolean
Point. equals(Point p)
Tests if the two points are equalsstatic Castle
Main. getCastleFromPoint(Point p)
From a grid coordinates, returns the castle at that position.static Point
Main. pixelToGridCoordinates(Point p)
Convert a pixel from the window into its grid coordinatesstatic java.util.function.Predicate<Point>
Point. PredicatIsEquals(Point p2)
A predicate used to test if two points are equalvoid
Point. translate(Point p)
Translate the point by adding the values of the other point. -
Uses of Point in troop
Methods in troop that return Point Modifier and Type Method Description Point
Troop. getLocation()
Methods in troop with parameters of type Point Modifier and Type Method Description Direction
Troop. calculateDirectionForNextMove(Point target)
Returns the next cell the troop should go.Direction
Troop. calculateDirectionForNextMove(Point location, Point target)
Returns the next cell the troop should go.void
Troop. move(Point target)
Makes the troop move in direction of the targetvoid
Troop. setLocation(Point location)


{{ message }}
{% include "registration/login.html" %}
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{% include "registration/register.html" %}
LogIn
Have an account?
Log In
Don't have an account?
Sign Up
{{ message }}
{% include "registration/login.html" %}
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{% include "registration/register.html" %}
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This text is hidden
hello
hello, world
world
# Clicks (random moving):
# Clicks (static):
# Clicks (moving):
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When hackers and scammers try to con Ohio University students and faculty online, it’s up to the Office of Information Technology to keep devices and personal information secure.
“People often think of IT security as all of these cool gadgets and people in front of screens clicking away at their keyboards trying to beat the hackers,” Sean O’Malley, communications manager for OIT, said.
But at institutions like OU, the solution to combating hacking threats is usually less complex than one might assume — it just involves understanding basic human nature and how people can be fooled, O'Malley said.
The office’s security department, led by Ed Carter, senior manager of information security at OU, largely works to combat phishing scams directed at university email accounts. Those scams, which trick users into revealing personal information, come from all over, Carter said.
“Literally it’s from all over the world, 365 days a year,” he said.
The scams are typically external attempts to access someone’s login information for financial gain, and Carter said they are the most common internet security risk the university handles. The attacks typically come via email, where an attacker pretends to be a user’s friend or someone official and asks the person for his or her account information.
“With our lives becoming more and more digital these days, if someone steals my OU password, then they theoretically could log in and try to change my direct deposit right before payday,” Carter said.
“Literally it’s from all over the world, 365 days a year.” Ed Carter, senior manager of information security at OU
OU has protections in place to keep student and faculty information safe. Still, Carter stressed that it is not all up to those security employees to keep information safe.
With knowledge of how to recognize and report phishing scams, Carter said people can protect their accounts and devices from potential irreversibly damaging attacks.
“Security is everyone’s responsibility,” he said. “Think before you click.”
Phishing scams can target students, faculty and staff because university emails are publicly available; anyone can search the university’s directory, Carter said.
The security department receives multiple reports of such scams daily, he said, though the degree of actual compromises to university accounts has been minimal.
“We’ve had a small amount of compromises through the phishing,” he said. “You get a few people who fall for these things and give away their credentials.”
Alex Driehaus / Photo Illustration
Matt Sheets, left, and Haley Baker, security analysts at OHIO Information Technology, work on their computers at the West Union Street Office Center.
The attackers perform the scams because it is relatively inexpensive to do so, O’Malley said.
“They can use free or inexpensive mailer software and just plug in a list of addresses, spend a few minutes typing up addresses, and then they walk away from it, and it sends out the messages,” he said. “Really no account is too small. They use your account to send out mass emails to other people.”
Carter said some scammers try to access financial information, such as tax forms or bank account information, which could allow them to take out loans or credit cards in someone else’s name.
Risks are not limited to email scams, though. John Hoag, associate professor in the J. Warren McClure School of Information and Telecommunication Systems, said computers on OU’s network can be infected through distributed denial of service attacks, or DDoS.
Such attacks happen when a hacker takes control of multiple devices in multiple locations and uses those devices to launch a coordinated attack on a single device or network, O’Malley said. That attack prevents other people from accessing the website or device being attacked.
“Really, no account is too small. They use your account to send out mass emails to other people.” Sean O’Malley, communications manager for OIT
“Our devices can become infected, and in turn, become accomplices in these DDoS attacks,” Hoag said. “The university provides anti-virus (software) and provides the means for updating university-owned machines. But it’s hard to keep up.”
Hoag said his most pressing concern is what he calls “under-maintained or misconfigured devices” — computers that lack updated software or secure passwords and thus are more likely to be at-risk.
In addition, connecting devices with micro-USB cables, such as charging one’s phone through a computer’s USB port, is “very, very risky,” he said.
Hoag cautioned that OU is not that big of a target compared to other commercial organizations, such as banks, insurance companies and utilities companies.
“Most of the threats are economic in nature, and they’re directed toward significant organizations,” he said. “That’s not us. We’re not a high value target.”
To combat phishing attacks and viruses, OIT’s security department detects and deters threats across OU’s network with automated tools, and it provides anti-virus software for all university computers, Carter said.
“Our automated systems analyze approximately a billion data points per day for malicious activity,” he said. “And that can go up or down on a daily basis.”
Carter and the department’s security analysts monitor and respond to security threats each day, while helping students or faculty recover lost or stolen credentials, and investigating the incidents that are reported to the department.
The university has other precautions in place through its policies as well: Those with more access to classified university information — including network administrators or bursar, registrar or application administrators — have more security requirements for logging onto computers.
Students, faculty and staff are divided into different “risk levels,” according to the department’s policy, to reduce the possibility of hackers accessing classified information.
OU is certainly not the only university to have faced information security threats. Overseas hackers stole employees’ personal information from the University of Virginia in January, according to The Washington Post. NBC News also reported in September 2015 that universities across the country regularly dealt with cyberattacks.
For example, Miami University also regularly combats phishing scams, Joe Bazeley, information security officer at the university, said.
“In terms of what consumes the most time, it’s actually phishing attacks,” Bazeley said of the university’s security work. “We get about seven or so a week where they are successful and start blasting out more messages from a compromised account.”
Alex Driehaus / Photo Illustration
Similar to OU, Miami’s IT Services employees then help students and faculty regain control of their accounts.
Both Bowling Green State University and Kent State University also have similar policies in regards to responding to internet security incidents, according to their respective websites.
Bazeley said one challenge Miami faces is ensuring students and faculty know of security threats and how to respond.
“We’re not there yet,” he said. “Right now we’re having conversations to make sure all are aware.”
At Ohio University, though, the security department relies on “getting the word out” to students and faculty about staying safe, Carter said.
The department offers advice on best practices for computer security on its website, and the university hosts an annual IT security seminar each year, he said. This year’s seminar will take place Oct. 14 from 9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. in Baker Center, O’Malley said.
He recommended students and faculty use strong passwords, avoid reusing or sharing passwords and never log onto unsolicited links or open unsolicited attachments in emails.
“OIT will never send an email that asks your for your username and password,” Carter said. “That’s what most phishing emails look like.”
OU also sends students and staff warnings about phishing scams via email. For example, OIT notified university employees March 17 that a “small percentage” of student and staff accounts had been compromised through phishing.
Hoag said another solution is to avoid checking email on a computer.
“I think that the best defensive thing you can do is to clear mail someplace else,” he said. “Clear your mail on your phone, which is much less likely to be infected. On your real computer, do every update that they ever offer.”
Carter said people should contact<EMAIL_ADDRESS>about any suspicious emails. His staff responds to reports each week.
“We’re starting to get people to realize that ‘I need to think about where I’m going online,’ ” he said. “User response is massive these days.”
Web Development by: Hannah Debenham / Digital Production Editor
Illustration by: Chance Brinkman-Sull / Graphics Director


13.7 Description of the Solution of
Equations
One of the most fundamental problems in
scientific computing is solving equations of the form f (x)
= 0. This is often referred to as finding the roots,
or zeros, of f (x).
Here, we are interested in the real
roots of f (x), as opposed to any complex roots
it might have. Specifically, we will focus on finding real
roots when f (x) is a polynomial.
13.7.1 Finding Roots with Newton's
Method
Although factoring
and applying formulas are simple ways to determine the roots
of polynomial equations, a great majority of the time
polynomials are of a large enough degree and sufficiently
complicated that we must turn to some method of approximation.
One of the best approaches is Newton's
method. Fundamentally, Newton's method looks for a root
of f (x) by moving closer and closer to it
through a series of iterations. We begin by choosing an
initial value x = x0 that we think is near
the root we are interested in. Then, we iterate using the
formula:
until xi
+ 1 is a satisfactory approximation. In this formula,
f (x) is the polynomial for which we are
trying to find a root, and f '
(x) is the derivative of f (x).
13.7.2 Computing the Derivative of
a Polynomial
The derivative of a
function is fundamental to calculus and can be described in
many ways. For now, let's simply look at a formulaic
description, specifically for polynomials. To compute the
derivative of a polynomial, we apply to each of its terms one
of two formulas:
where k is a
constant, r is a rational
number, and x is an unknown.
The symbol d /dx means "derivative of," where x is the variable in the polynomial.
For each term that is a constant, we apply the first formula;
otherwise, we apply the second. For example, suppose we have
the function:
In order to compute f
' (x), the derivative of
f (x), we apply the second formula to
the first three terms of the polynomial, and the first formula
to the last term, as follows:
Sometimes it is necessary to compute
higher-order derivatives as well, which are derivatives of
derivatives. For example, the second derivative of f (x),
written f '' (x), is the derivative of f ' (x). Similarly, the third derivative
of f (x), written f
''' (x), is the
derivative of f '' (x), and so forth. Thus, to compute
the second derivative of f
(x) in the previous equation,
we compute the derivative of f '
(x), as follows:
13.7.3 Understanding the First and
Second Derivative
Now let's look at what derivatives really
mean. To use Newton's method properly, it is important to
understand the meaning of the first and second derivative in
particular.
The value of the first derivative of f (x)
at some point x = x0 indicates the slope of
f (x) at point x0; that is, whether f (x)
is increasing (sloping upward from left to right) or
decreasing (sloping downward). If the value of the derivative
is positive, f (x) is increasing; if the value is
negative, f (x) is decreasing; if the value is
zero, f (x) is neither increasing nor
decreasing. The magnitude of the value indicates how fast
f (x) is increasing or decreasing. For
example, Figure
13.6, example a, depicts a function whose value increases
within the shaded regions; thus, these are the regions where
the first derivative is positive. The plot of the first
derivative crosses the x-axis
at the points where the slope of f (x)
changes sign.
The value of the second derivative of f (x)
at some point x = x0 indicates the concavity
of f (x) at point x0, that is, whether the
function is opening upward or downward. The magnitude of the
value indicates how extreme the concavity is. In Figures 13-6a
and 13-6c, the dotted line indicates the point at which the
concavity of the function changes sign. This is the point at
which the plot of the second derivative crosses the x-axis.
Another way to think of the value of the
derivative of f (x) at some point x = c
is as the slope of the line tangent to f (x)
at c, expressed in point-slope
form. The point-slope form of a line is:
Thus, if f
(x) = x
3 - x
2 - 3x + 1.8 as shown in
Figure
13.6, example a, the equation of the line tangent to f (x)
at c = 1.5 as can be determined
as follows. Figure
13.6, example d, is a plot of this line along with f (x).
13.7.4 Selecting an Initial Point
for Newton's Method
Now that we understand a little
about derivatives, let's return to Newton's method. Paramount
to Newton's method is the proper selection of an initial
iteration point x0.
In order for Newton's method to converge to the root we are
looking for, the initial iteration point must be "near enough"
and on the correct side of the root we are seeking. There are
two rules that must be followed to achieve this:
-
Determine an interval [a, b
] for x0 where
one and only one root exists.
To do this, choose a and
b so that the signs of f (a) and f (b) are not the same and f '
(x) does not change sign. If
f (a) and f
(b) have different
signs, the interval contains at
least one root. If the sign of f ' (x) does not change on [a, b
], the interval contains only
one root because the function can only increase or
decrease on the interval.
-
Choose either x0 = a or x0 = b so that f
(x0) has
the same sign as f '' (x) on the interval [a, b
]. This also implies that f ''
(x) does not change
sign on the interval. Recall that the second derivative of
f (x) is an indication of concavity. If f '' (x) does not change sign and
x0 is chosen so
that f (x0) has the same sign as
f '' (x), each successive iteration of
Newton's method will converge closer to the root on the
interval [a, b ] (see Figure
13.7).
In each of the four parts of Figure
13.7, f (x) is shown as a heavy line, and
a and b are shown as vertical dotted lines.
If f (a) matches the criteria just given,
iteration begins at a and
tangent lines slope from a
toward the root to which we would like to converge. If f (b)
matches the criteria above, iteration begins at b and tangent lines slope from b toward the root to which we would
like to converge.
13.7.5 How Newton's Method
Works
As an example, suppose we would like to find
the roots of f (x)
= x 3 - x2 - 3x + 1.8. Figure
13-8 illustrates that this function appears to have three
roots: one on the interval [-2, -1], another on the interval
[0, -1], and a third on the interval [2, 3]. Once we have an
idea of the number and location of a function's roots, we test
each interval against the rules for selecting an initial
iteration point. To do this, we need to know the
following:
Using this information, we see that the
interval [-2, -1] satisfies the first rule because f (-2) = -4.2 and f (-1) = 2.8, and f ' (x) does not change sign on the
interval: it is always positive. Considering this, we know
there is, in fact, one and only one root on the interval [-2,
-1]. To satisfy the second rule, we see that f '' (x) does not change sign on the
interval: it is negative. We select x0 = -2 as the initial
iteration point since f (-2) =
-4.2 is also negative. Figure
13.8 illustrates calculating the root on this interval to
within 0.0001 of its actual value. We end up iterating five
times to obtain this approximation.
Moving to the root on the interval [0, 1], we
see that the first rule is satisfied just as for the previous
interval. However, the sign of f
'' (x) is not constant
on this interval; therefore, the interval does not satisfy the
second rule. Suspecting that the root is closer to 1 than 0,
we try the interval [0.5, 1] next, which corrects the problem.
The first rule is satisfied because f (0.5) = 0.175 and f (1) = -1.2, and f ' (x) does not change sign on the
interval: it is negative. To complete the second rule, we
select x0 = 0.5
since f (0.5) = 0.175 is
positive and has the same sign as f ''
(x) over the interval
[0.5, 1]. Figure
13.8 illustrates calculating the root on this interval to
within 0.0001 of its actual value. We end up iterating four
times to obtain this approximation. Calculating the third root
proceeds in a similar manner. |


Jupiter's Great Red Spot is not doomed and its death has been 'exaggerated'
Jupiter’s Great Red Spot is one of the famous sights in our solar system but was feared to be doomed to die.
Now scientists have said fears of its death have been ‘greatly exaggerated’ and claimed there is no evidence the spot has changed in size or intensity.
The huge red feature is actually a giant storm where winds blow at speeds of up to 425 miles per hour.
Philip Marcus, from the University of California, Berkeley, said it’s likely to keep on blowing.
‘I don’t think its fortunes were ever bad,’ he said.
‘It’s more like Mark Twain’s comment: The reports about its death have been greatly exaggerated.’
He has been exploring how smaller clouds bump into the Great Red Spot to create ‘stagnation points, where the velocity abruptly stops, restarts and goes off in different directions’.
This process shatters the clouds into ‘flakes’ which can be seen by astronomers.
Advertisement Advertisement
‘The loss of undigested clouds from the GRS through encounters with stagnation points does not signify the demise of the GRS,’ Marcus added.
‘The proximity of the stagnation points to the GRS during May and June does not signify its demise. The creation of little vortices to the east, northeast of the GRS during the spring of 2019 and their subsequent merging with the GRS with some does not signify its demise.’
Marcus said a secondary circulation driven by the heating and cooling of the Great Red Spot allows it to continue to exist over the centuries, letting if ‘fight off decay of its energy’.


// [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
dispatch({
type: "INCREMENT",
query: item => item !== 1
});
// [1, 3, 4, 5, 6]
Easy Collection Reducers for Redux.
http://redux-collector.mediadrake.com/
% npm install redux-collector
Redux Collector is a Reducer Generator for Collections
import { createStore } from 'redux';
import collectify from 'redux-collector';
function counterReducer(state = 0, action) {
switch(action.type) {
case 'INCREMENT':
return state + 1;
case 'DECRAMENT':
return state - 1;
default:
return state;
}
}
export default createStore(
collectify(
{
add: 'ADD_ITEM',
hydrate: 'HYDRATE_ITEMS',
remove: 'REMOVE_ITEM'
},
counterReducer
)
);
Then call actions using the types you created with collectify.
import store from './MyStore'
const {dispatch, subscribe, getState} = store;
subscribe(val => console.log('State is:', getState()));
dispatch({
type: 'HYDRATE_ITEMS',
data: [1, 2, 3, 4]
});
// State is : [1, 2, 3, 4]
dispatch({
type: 'ADD_ITEM',
data: 5
});
// State is : [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
dispatch({
type: 'INCREMENT'
});
// State is : [2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
dispatch({
type: 'DECREMENT',
query: item => item >= 5
});
// State is : [1, 2, 3, 3, 4]
dispatch({
type: 'REMOVE',
query: item => item < 3
});
// State is : [3, 3, 4]
dispatch({
type: 'REMOVE',
limit: 2,
order: -1
});
// State is : [3]
The above reducers can actually be a whole lot shorter.
import { createStore } from 'redux';
import collectify from 'redux-collector';
export default createStore(
collectify(
{
add: 'ADD_ITEM',
hydrate: 'HYDRATE_ITEMS',
remove: 'REMOVE_ITEM'
},
{
defaultsTo: 0,
"INCREMENT": state => state + 1,
"DECRAMENT": state => state - 1
}
)
);
This is courtesy of Reducify. Head over to their documentation and check out all the ways you can make reducers. Any argument you pass to collectify gets automatically passed to reducify.
Basically, you'll get a reducer that does everything you need to arrays. When you call collectify
you'll get a chance to declare action types for any of the following methods.
collectify([actionTypes<Object>, [itemReducer<Object|Function>, collectionDefault<Array>]]);
One primary function, wrap your item reducers with this.
itemReducer
Use reducer that you want applied to items in an array as the first (optional) argument.
actionTypes
Use this to declare the action types you want to use to manipulate your array. This is a sample configuration:
function itemReducer(state, action) {
// reducer stuff
}
const actionTypes = {
add = 'ADD_MY_ITEM',
move = 'MOVE_MY_ITEM',
swap = 'SWAP_MY_ITEMS',
addRange = 'ADD_MY_ITEMS',
remove = 'REMOVE_MY_ITEMS',
hydrate = 'HYDRATE_MY_ITEMS',
sort = 'SORT_MY_ITEMS'
};
const myReducer = collectify(actionTypes, itemReducer);
If you pass only one argument, we assume the reducer is a static reducer for an empty array and will treat the one argument as the actionTypes
argument. See Reducify static reducers.
If your Collectify reducer does not receive an action type outlined in your config, any actions you dispatch will be passed to your item reducer for every item in your array.
For example:
function itemReducer(state, action) {
switch(action.type) {
case "INCREMENT_BY_TWO":
return state + 2;
default:
return state;
}
}
const myStore = createStore(collectify({hydrate: 'SET_ITEMS'}, itemReducer));
myStore.dispatch({
type: 'SET_ITEMS',
data: [2, 4, 6]
});
// state is [2, 4, 6]
myStore.dispatch({
type: 'INCREMENT_BY_TWO'
});
// state is [4, 6, 8]
Notice the action 'INCREMENT_BY_TWO' was applied to every item in the array.
There are two configuration options you can pass in with your action types.
This is the default or initial value of the collection.
function itemReducer(state, action) {
// reducer stuff
}
const myStore = createStore(collectify({}, itemReducer, [1, 2]));
myStore.dispatch({
type: 'PASS'
});
// state is [1, 2]
The default value for any item added with add
or addRange
function itemReducer(state, action) {
// reducer stuff
}
const myStore = createStore(collectify({itemDefault: 10, add: 'ADD_ITEM'}, itemReducer));
myStore.dispatch({
type: 'ADD_ITEM'
});
// state is [10]
The actions will manipulate your array in some form or another.
This sets the data for your collection. It will override your entire array unless you pass in a skip
parameter.
function itemReducer(state, action) {
// reducer stuff
}
const myStore = createStore(
collectify(
{
hydrate: 'HYDRATE_ITEMS'
},
itemReducer
)
);
myStore.dispatch({
type: 'HYDRATE',
data: [1, 2, 3, 4] // data is required for HYDRATE
});
This will add an item to your collection. It will default to itemDefault
if you passed one with your configuration.
function itemReducer(state, action) {
// reducer stuff
}
const myStore = createStore(
collectify(
{
itemDefault: 10,
add: 'ADD_ITEM'
},
itemReducer
)
);
myStore.dispatch({
type: 'ADD_ITEM'
});
// state is [10]
myStore.dispatch({
type: 'ADD_ITEM',
data: 11
});
// state is [10, 11]
You can pass any index argument as well.
function itemReducer(state, action) {
// reducer stuff
}
const myStore = createStore(
collectify(
{ add: 'ADD_ITEM' },
itemReducer
)
);
myStore.dispatch({
type: 'ADD_ITEM',
index: 0,
data: 2
});
// state is [2]
myStore.dispatch({
type: 'ADD_ITEM',
index: 0,
data: 3
});
// state is [3, 2]
The same as add
, except this is for adding multiple items at once.
function itemReducer(state, action) {
// reducer stuff
}
const myStore = createStore(
collectify(
{
itemDefault: 10,
addRange: 'ADD_MULTIPLE_ITEMS'
},
itemReducer
)
);
myStore.dispatch({
type: 'ADD_MULTIPLE_ITEMS'
});
// state is [10]
myStore.dispatch({
type: 'ADD_MULTIPLE_ITEMS',
data: [11, 12]
});
// state is [10, 11, 12]
You can pass any index argument as well.
function itemReducer(state, action) {
// reducer stuff
}
const myStore = createStore(
collectify(
{ addRange: 'ADD_MULTIPLE_ITEMS' },
itemReducer
)
);
myStore.dispatch({
type: 'ADD_MULTIPLE_ITEMS',
index: 0,
data: [2, 3]
});
// state is [2, 3]
myStore.dispatch({
type: 'ADD_MULTIPLE_ITEMS',
index: 0,
data: [4, 5]
});
// state is [4, 5, 2, 3]
This will remove items from your collection. If you do not pass a query, it will clear the entire collection.
const myStore = createStore(
collectify(
{
hydrate: 'HYDRATE_ITEMS',
remove: 'REMOVE_ITEMS'
},
[1, 2, 3, 4] // passing in an object and not a function will make this the default value
)
);
myStore.dispatch({
type: 'REMOVE_ITEMS'
});
// state is []
myStore.dispatch({
type: 'HYDRATE_ITEMS',
data: [1, 2, 3, 4]
});
// state is [1, 2, 3, 4]
myStore.dispatch({
type: 'REMOVE_ITEMS',
query: item => item > 2
});
// state is [1, 2]
myStore.dispatch({
type: 'REMOVE_ITEMS',
query: item => item > 2
});
// state is [1, 2]
myStore.dispatch({
type: 'REMOVE_ITEMS',
limit: 1
});
// state is [2]
You can pass any index argument as well.
myStore.dispatch({
type: 'HYDRATE_ITEMS',
data: [1, 2, 3, 4]
});
myStore.dispatch({
type: 'REMOVE_ITEMS',
index: 0
});
// state is [2, 3, 4]
myStore.dispatch({
type: 'REMOVE_ITEMS',
indexes: [0, 2]
});
// state is [3]
Using the same arguments for sort, you can modify the output of your list.
// same as above
const myColReducer = collectify(
{sort: 'SORT'},
[{ord: 1, value: 3}, {ord: 3, value: 5}, {ord: 2, value: 10}]
);
dispatch({
type: 'SORT',
sort: 'ord'
})
// result would be [{ord: 1, value: 3}, {ord: 2, value: 10}, {ord: 3, value: 5}]
Move lets you take a set of indexes
passed to a from
argument and places them at a single indexes provided by a to
argument.
const myColReducer = collectify(
{move: 'MOVE', hydrate: 'HYDRATE'},
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
);
dispatch({
type: 'MOVE',
from: 1,
to: 0
})
// result would be [2, 1, 3, 4, 5]
dispatch({
type: 'HYDRATE',
data: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
})
dispatch({
type: 'MOVE',
from: [1, 3], // treated as a list of indexes
to: 0
})
// result would be [2, 4, 1, 3, 5]
dispatch({
type: 'HYDRATE',
data: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
})
dispatch({
type: 'MOVE',
from: item => item === 3, // treated as a query
to: item => item === 2 // treated as a query, we will only use the first index returned
})
// result would be [1, 3, 2, 4, 5]
dispatch({
type: 'HYDRATE',
data: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
})
dispatch({
type: 'MOVE',
from: {after: item => item > 1},
to: 0
})
// result would be [2, 3, 4, 5, 1]
Swap switches item by index.
const myColReducer = collectify(
{move: 'SWAP'},
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
);
dispatch({
type: 'SWAP',
indexes: [1, 4]
})
// result would be [1, 5, 3, 4, 2]
While most swap
use cases should just take advantage of indexes
, you can swap more than one item and have everything move in a carousel.
const myColReducer = collectify(
{move: 'SWAP'},
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
);
dispatch({
type: 'SWAP',
after: item => item === 3
})
// result would be [1, 2, 5, 3, 4]
Check out operations for more details.
Because we may not always want to change the entire collection, Redux Collector looks for the keyword query
in your action that you dispatch. This query is processed by the collector matching method.
function increment(state = 0, action) {
switch(action.type) {
case 'INCREMENT':
return state + 1;
default:
return state;
}
}
const myStore = createStore(
collectify(
{
hydrate: 'HYDRATE_LIST'
},
increment
)
);
myStore.dispatch({
type: 'HYDRATE_LIST',
data: [-1, 2, 4]
});
// state is [-1, 2, 4]
myStore.dispatch({
type: 'INCREMENT',
query: function(item) {
return item > 0;
}
});
// all items are incremented by 1
// state is [-1, 3, 5]
By default, the matcher used by query
and after
inspects your query argument and compares it against every item in the collection.
By default, your query is processed as follows:
If undefined, we assume you want your operation applied to all items in the list.
If a function, we evaluate this function passing in [state, index]
. Returning true
will say that query matches the item. Returning false
will say it doesn't.
If you pass an array, we will process every item in the query with against every
(as an and, not or). For or, use $or. This is recursive.
If you pass an object with the key $or
, it must have a child that is an array and we will process this against some
. This is recursive.
myStore.dispatch({
type: 'INCREMENT',
query: [
item => item > 0,
item => item % 2 === 0
] // all items that are greater than 0 and are even
});
myStore.dispatch({
type: 'INCREMENT',
query: {
$or: [
item => item > 0,
item => item % 2 === 0
]
} // all items that are greater than 0 or are even
});
myStore.dispatch({
type: 'INCREMENT',
query: [
item => item % 2 === 0
{
$or: [
item => item > 0,
item => item === -2
]
}
] // all items that are even and are either greater than 0 or equal to -2
});
If true
, we assume you want your operation applied to all truthy items in the list.
If false
, we assume you want your operation applied to all falsy items in the list.
If you pass an object, we'll pass this to the lodash function _.isMatch
with the item's state as the first argument.
If you pass any number or string, we will do a strict equals comparison.
It's possible to customize your matcher function. Use the import {configureCollectify}
and pass in a matcher argument.
import {configureCollectify}
// We pass you the default matcher so you can add functionality without losing default matching behavior
function matcher(item, test, index, defaultMatcher) {
if (test === 'isOdd') {
return (item % 2) === 1;
}
return defaultMatcher(item, test, index);
}
const myCollectify = configureCollectify({matcher});
const myColReducer = myCollectify(
{},
incrementReducer,
[2, 3, 4]
);
dispatch({
type: 'INCREMENT',
query: 'isOdd'
})
// result is [2, 4, 4]
Beyond queries, there are other ways to apply your partial changes to your collection. These should be familiar to anyone with experience in mongo or other collection libraries.
Limits the number of operations your query will execute. This applies to all reducer behavior and remove
.
const myColReducer = collectify(
{},
incrementReducer,
[1, 2, 3]
);
dispatch({
type: 'INCREMENT',
limit: 1
})
// result would be [2, 2, 3]
const myColReducer = collectify(
{remove: 'REMOVE'},
[1, 2, 3]
);
dispatch({
type: 'REMOVE',
limit: 1
})
// result would be [2, 3]
Skips a number of items before executing your operation. This applies to all reducer behavior and remove
.
const myColReducer = collectify(
{},
incrementReducer,
[1, 2, 3]
);
dispatch({
type: 'INCREMENT',
skip: 1
})
// result would be [1, 3, 4]
Skip and limit can be combined together.
const myColReducer = collectify(
{},
incrementReducer,
[1, 2, 3]
);
dispatch({
type: 'INCREMENT',
skip: 1,
limit: 1
})
// result would be [1, 3, 3]
A shortcut for skip = index
and limit = 1
. Indexes are pythonic, meaning that -1 is equal to the last item in the array.
const myColReducer = collectify(
{},
incrementReducer,
[1, 2, 3]
);
dispatch({
type: 'INCREMENT',
index: 1
})
// result would be [1, 3, 3]
const myColReducer = collectify(
{},
incrementReducer,
[1, 2, 3]
);
dispatch({
type: 'INCREMENT',
index: -1
})
// result would be [1, 2, 4]
The same as index
, but should be an array of indexes. Like index
, these values are pythonic.
const myColReducer = collectify(
{remove: 'REMOVE'},
[1, 2, 3]
);
dispatch({
type: 'REMOVE',
indexes: [0, 2]
})
// result would be [2]
Should be a two dimensional array of pythonic indexes of the form [start, end]
.
const myColReducer = collectify(
{remove: 'REMOVE'},
[1, 2, 3, 4]
);
dispatch({
type: 'REMOVE',
range: [0, 2]
})
// result would be [4]
Should be a query
that, upon first match, will determine the skip
and limit
.
const myColReducer = collectify(
{remove: 'REMOVE'},
[1, 2, 3, 4]
);
dispatch({
type: 'REMOVE',
after: (arg, index) => arg === 2
})
// result would be [1, 2]
Keep in mind, this is only evaluated once. If the after function returns true, the rest of the collection will have operations applied to it.
Sorts the collection before applying operations to it. This uses the same arguments available for sort
, but does not actually sort your list. This is useful when used in conjunction with any index operators.
function incrementReducer(state = {value: 0}, action) {
switch(action.type) {
case 'INCREMENT':
return {...state, value: state.value + 1};
default:
return state;
}
}
const myColReducer = collectify(
{},
incrementReducer,
[{ord: 1, value: 3}, {ord: 3, value: 5}, {ord: 2, value: 10}]
);
dispatch({
type: 'INCREMENT',
sort: 'ord',
limit : 2
})
// result would be [{ord: 1, value: 4}, {ord: 3, value: 5}, {ord: 2, value: 11}]
// notice the second element was not changed
const myColReducer = collectify(
{remove: 'REMOVE'},
[{ord: 1, value: 3}, {ord: 3, value: 5}, {ord: 2, value: 10}]
);
dispatch({
type: 'REMOVE',
sort: 'ord',
limit : 1,
skip: 1
})
// result would be [{ord: 1, value: 3}, {ord: 3, value: 5}]
You can pass a function to sort
if you need to do something more complicated than just checking against a single key. Keep in mind, that order
can still flip your collection. If you sort by the negative result of a key, your order
argument might undo that.
// same as above
const myColReducer = collectify(
{remove: 'REMOVE'},
[{ord: 1, value: 3}, {ord: 3, value: 5}, {ord: 2, value: 10}]
);
dispatch({
type: 'REMOVE',
sort: item => item.ord,
limit : 1,
skip: 1
})
// result would be [{ord: 1, value: 3}, {ord: 3, value: 5}]
This determines the direction your collections's sorting occurs in. If you do not sort your list, it can be used to just reverse the direction your operations are done in.
const myColReducer = collectify(
{remove: 'REMOVE'},
[1, 5, 2]
);
// removes the last item in the list
dispatch({
type: 'REMOVE',
order: -1,
limit : 1
})
// result would be [1, 5]
const myColReducer = collectify(
{remove: 'REMOVE'},
[{ord: 1, value: 3}, {ord: 3, value: 5}, {ord: 2, value: 10}]
);
dispatch({
type: 'REMOVE',
sort: 'ord',
order : -1
})
// result would be [{ord: 1, value: 3}, {ord: 3, value: 5}]
You can combine order
and sort
with a shortcut by passing an object to sort
.
// same as above
const myColReducer = collectify(
{remove: 'REMOVE'},
[{ord: 1, value: 3}, {ord: 3, value: 5}, {ord: 2, value: 10}]
);
dispatch({
type: 'REMOVE',
sort: {ord: -1}
})
// result would be [{ord: 1, value: 3}, {ord: 3, value: 5}]
Not every reducer is just a single array. Sometimes your array might be a property on the reducer itself. There's two ways to solve this.
The easy way.
Redux Pipeline can you let select object properties to apply certain reducers to.
It would look something like this:
const myState = {items: []};
function itemReducer(state = 0, action) {
// reducer
}
const myReducer = pipeline(
myState,
{
$: 'items',
reducer: collectify({
add: 'ADD',
// etc.
}, itemReducer)
}
);
The slightly more difficult, but not impossible, way.
Track all actions that would apply to your collection and run them through a collectified reducer for that item. It would look like this:
const collectified = collectify({
add: "ADD"
}, {
"INCREMENT": state => state + 1
});
function reducer(state = {items: []}, action = {}) {
switch(action.type) {
case 'ADD':
case 'INCREMENT':
return {...state, items: collectified(state.items, action)};
default:
return state;
}
}
const store = createStore(reducer);
const {dispatch, getState} = store;
dispatch({type: 'ADD', data: 10});
// state is {items: [10]}
dispatch({type: 'INCREMENT'});
// state is {items: [11]}
A lot of operations will override behavior of other operations. Mixing them together can lead to odd consequences. We try our best to merge them all, but, when in doubt, either use specific indexes or stick to skip
and limit
.
const myColReducer = collectify(
{},
incrementReducer,
[1, 2, 3, 4]
);
dispatch({
type: 'INCREMENT',
skip: 1,
index: 0,
limit 2
})
// result would be [1, 3, 4]
// index just gets ignored
Redux Collector uses Reducify for your reducer config. This means you can pass any reducer function or a configuration. However, Redux Collector only works on collections, so trying to select something with your configuration will throw an error.
const myState = {items: []};
const myReducer = collectify(
{},
{
$: 'items',
"INCREMENT": state => state + 1
},
myState
);
// throws an error, use pipeline instead
If you find yourself selecting something within collectify
, refer to the With Pipeline section of this readme.
Redux Collector is free software under the MIT license. It was created in sunny Santa Monica by Matthew Drake.


In this article, we look to get an introduction to what the Spring framework is, and why it is so widely used.
You will learn
- What is Spring Framework?
- What are the important problems that Spring Framework solves?
- How does Spring Framework make building enterprise applications easier?
- What are important features of Spring Framework?
- What are important concepts to understand in Spring Framework?
- Why Is The Spring Framework Important?
- What are the best practices in using Spring Framework?
- What are Spring Projects?
- What are Spring Modules?
What Is Spring?
Here’s the description from the Spring web site:
The Spring framework provides comprehensive infrastructural support to develop Java applications. Spring handles the infrastructure, so you can develop your application.
What does this mean?
Let’s look at some of the important features of Spring framework with examples.
Writing Loosely Coupled Code
When we write application code, we don’t want it to be tightly coupled.
What Is Tight Coupling?
Tightly coupled code could look like the following:
public class ComplexAlgorithmImpl {
BubbleSortAlgorithm bubbleSortAlgorithm = new BubbleSortAlgorithm();
//...
}
ComplexAlgorithmImpl
is tightly coupled to the BubbleSortAlgorithm
.
If you need to change the sort algorithm from BubbleSortAlgorithm
to QuickSortAlgorithm
, then the code of ComplexAlgorithmImpl
needs to change as well.
What Is Loose Coupling?
Is there a better way to manage change, than what we see over here? turns out there is - use an interface named SortAlgorithm
:
public interface SortAlgorithm {
public int[] sort(int[] numbers);
}
public class BubbleSortAlgorithm implements SortAlgorithm {
//...
}
public class QuickSortAlgorithm implements SortAlgorithm {
//...
}
@Component
public class ComplexAlgorithmImpl {
@Autowired
private SortAlgorithm sortAlgorithm;
//...
}
ComplexAlgorithmImpl
is no longer tightly coupled to any particular sort algorithm.
Whenever you need to instantiate a ComplexAlgorithmImpl
, this is how you proceed:
ComplexAlgorithmImpl binarySearch = new ComplexAlgorithmImpl(new QuickSortAlgorithm());
The exact sort algorithm to be used can be passed as an input parameter to the constructor.
What does the Spring Framework do?
Where does the Spring framework come into the picture?
Look at the snippet below:
@Component
public class ComplexAlgorithmImpl {
@Autowired
private SortAlgorithm sortAlgorithm;
//...
}
@Component
public class QuickSortAlgorithm implements SortAlgorithm {
//...
}
We defined the components and identified their dependencies by using Spring specific annotations.
We are defining ComplexAlgorithmImpl
as a spring bean, and SortAlgorithm
as a dependency. We are also providing an implementation of SortAlgorithm
- QuickSortAlgorithm
as a spring bean.
When Spring Framework looks at this code, it create a QuickSortAlgorithm bean and injects it into ComplexAlgorithmImpl bean. This is called Dependency Injection.
Advantages Of Loose Coupling
If you want to switch to a new SortAlgorithm
implementation, then loose coupling makes it very easy to make the change. The code inside ComplexAlgorithmImpl
does not need to change at all.
You need to remove the @Component
annotation from QuickSortAlgorithm
and place it at the definition of the new implementation.
The other thing you are now able to do is write a unit test for ComplexAlgorithmImpl
, without worrying about the sort logic.
You can create a stub algorithm that implements SortAlgorithm
, and use that in tests for ComplexAlgorithmImpl
. The test would now focus on the business logic of the component, not its dependencies.
Another Example Of Loose Coupling
Have a look at the following code:
@RestController
public class WelcomeController {
private WelcomeService service = new WelcomeService();
@RequestMapping("/welcome")
public String welcome() {
return service.retrieveWelcomeMessage();
}
}
The WelcomeController
is directly creating an instance of the WelcomeService
, and so it is tightly coupled to it.
If you were to use the Spring framework to decouple the two, you do something like:
@Component
public class WelcomeService {
//...
}
@RestController
public class Welcome Controller {
{
@Autowired
WelcomeService service;
@RequestMapping("/welcome")
public String welcome() {
return service.retrieveWelcomeMessage();
}
}
Now, Spring auto-wires in the WelcomeService
dependency to the WelcomeController
component. When writing a unit test for this component, we can use a WelcomeService
stub instead of an actual dependency.
Solving Other Problems Using Spring
The Spring framework can be used to solve a host of other problems in Java applications. Let’s look at a few of them.
Reducing Duplication In Code
Spring provides a whole range of modules such as:
- SpringMVC
- SpringJDBC
- SpringORM
- SpringAOP
- SpringJMS
- SpringTest
All these frameworks make it easy to write your Java code. They bring in a set of abstractions, that reduce boilerplate code.
Improving Integration With Other Frameworks
Spring does not try to provide solutions for problems that have already been solved. It provides excellent integration with frameworks such as
- Hibernate for ORM
- iBatis for object mapping
- JUnit and Mockito for unit testing
What Does The Spring Framework Do?
The Spring framework facilitates the following:
- Allows the programmers to focus on the business logic. The key feature is dependency management, and it provides excellent interfacing with external frameworks, by adding layers on top of them.
- Enables testability, as it enables us to write decoupled code.
- Allows for inversion of control, through dependency injection. A component is no longer tied to specific dependencies. Instead, the dependency is injected in from outside, during instantiation of the component. The Spring framework takes care of the actual injection.
Best Practices With Spring
Use Spring Initializr
Spring Initializr is a Spring project generation tool. Visit the following website - start.spring.io:
You only need to provide the Group Id, the Artifact Id, and the framework dependencies of the project. After that, you can generate the project and get started with Spring.
Consider Spring Boot
Spring Boot makes it very easy to use the Spring framework.
Write Unit Tests
Always make sure you write great unit tests, because Spring makes it easy for you.
Challenges With Spring Framework
Spring is difficult for a starting programmer to understand. However, once you understand it, you cannot stop using it!
Understand Spring Modules
Modules in Spring offer specialized functionality which can be used within a Spring application. Popular ones are:
- SpringMVC
- SpringJDBC
- SpringORM
- SpringAOP
- SpringJMS
- SpringTest
Explore Spring Projects
There are a wide variety of projects that have been done, under the umbrella of the Spring Framework. Popular ones include Spring Cloud, and Spring Web Services.
In this article, we had an introductory look at the Spring Framework. We saw that Spring is a Java framework that makes life easy for a programmer. Spring improves the testability of the application code, and also makes it easy to interface it with external frameworks. Spring comes with its own umbrella of projects, and a rich set of modules as well.
Spring Framework
This is the first article in a series of articles on Spring Framework:
- 1 - Introduction To Spring Framework
- 2 - What Is A Dependency?
- 3 - What Is Dependency Injection?
- 4 - What Is Component Scan?
- 5 - Architecture of Spring Framework - Modularity and Spring Modules
- 6 - What Are Spring Projects?
- 7 - Introduction To Spring Batch


Hello, world!
Hey, this is my database.
I'm more of an ideas guy...
I don't really do work... More seriously though here's my test database using MongoDB.
stro | strocodes.com
Hey, this is my database.
I don't really do work... More seriously though here's my test database using MongoDB.


LIFESTYLE
More then just a music festival
Expression alteration entreaties mrs can terminated estimating. Limits far yet turned highly repair parish talked six. Sportsman do offending supported extremity breakfast by listening. Expression alteration entreaties mrs can terminated estimating. Happiness remainder joy but earnestly for off. At principle perfectly by sweetness do. Words
LIFESTYLE
Life tastes better with coffee
Expression alteration entreaties mrs can terminated estimating. Limits far yet turned highly repair parish talked six. Sportsman do offending supported extremity breakfast by listening. Expression alteration entreaties mrs can terminated estimating. Happiness remainder joy but earnestly for off. At principle perfectly by sweetness do. Words
PHOTODIARY
American dream
Expression alteration entreaties mrs can terminated estimating. Limits far yet turned highly repair parish talked six. Sportsman do offending supported extremity breakfast by listening. Expression alteration entreaties mrs can terminated estimating. Happiness remainder joy but earnestly for off. At principle perfectly by sweetness do. Words
PHOTODIARY
A day exploring the Alps
Expression alteration entreaties mrs can terminated estimating. Limits far yet turned highly repair parish talked six. Sportsman do offending supported extremity breakfast by listening. Expression alteration entreaties mrs can terminated estimating. Happiness remainder joy but earnestly for off. At principle perfectly by sweetness do. Words
LIFESTYLE
Top 10 song for running
Expression alteration entreaties mrs can terminated estimating. Limits far yet turned highly repair parish talked six. Sportsman do offending supported extremity breakfast by listening. Expression alteration entreaties mrs can terminated estimating. Happiness remainder joy but earnestly for off. At principle perfectly by sweetness do. Words
LIFESTYLE
Cold winter days
Expression alteration entreaties mrs can terminated estimating. Limits far yet turned highly repair parish talked six. Sportsman do offending supported extremity breakfast by listening. Expression alteration entreaties mrs can terminated estimating. Happiness remainder joy but earnestly for off. At principle perfectly by sweetness do. Words


Folders
<Go Back>
basic-jav...g-game
functiona...dsheet
javascrip...ojects
basic-alg...ipting
debugging
intermedi...ipting
object-or...amming
basic-dat...ctures
es6
intermedi...ounter
regular-e...ssions
basic-javascript
functiona...amming
Folders: 14


Purchase Order create
Customer
{{c.first_name}} {{c.last_name}}
Sales Channel
{{sc.name}}
Payment Type
{{pt.name}}
{{pop.product.name}}
{{pop.product.name}} x {{pop.quantity}} (@{{pop.product.price}} each = ${{pop.product.price * pop.quantity }} ) (
Delete
)
Add
Notes
Fulfilled?
Paid?
Suppress work orders / stock adjustment
Local Delivery?
No Shipping
Canadian
USA
Amount Paid
Discount
Total
Submit
Cancel


Shakespeare's Birthday Party is a fundraiser for Repercussion's 2016 summer tour:
The Tragedy of Julius Caesar.
- Sunday, April 24, 2016 | 5:30-8:00pm
- McKibbin's Irish Pub | 1426 Bishop Street, 3rd Floor
- Prizes! Drink specials! Party games! Performances! Birthday cake! Dance party!
$10 in advance | $15 at the door | RSVP on Facebook


BusyWaitCounterC uses a Counter to implement the BusyWait interface (block until a specified amount of time elapses). See TEP102 for more details.
See TEP102 for more details.
precision_tag
- A type indicating the precision of the BusyWait
interface.
size_type
- An integer type representing time values for the
BusyWait interface.


src/app/network/k-shortest-path.ts
Path to generic node.
Properties |
| cost |
cost:
|
Type : number
|
| edges |
edges:
|
Type : Edge[]
|
| node |
node:
|
Type : Node
|
| pathId |
pathId:
|
Type : number
|
import { Edge, Node } from "./graph";
/**
* Path to generic node.
*/
export interface Path {
pathId: number;
node: Node;
edges: Edge[];
cost: number;
}
/**
* Heap data structure containing paths.
*/
export class Heap {
/**
* The queue of paths.
*/
private paths: Path[] = [];
/**
* Inserts a path into the heap.
* @param path The path to insert
*/
public push(path: Path): void {
this.paths.push({ pathId: path.pathId, node: path.node, edges: path.edges, cost: path.cost });
}
/**
* Removes a path from the heap.
* @param pathId The id of the path
*/
public pop(pathId: number): void {
const index = this.paths.findIndex((path: Path) => path.pathId == pathId);
this.paths.splice(index, 1);
}
/**
* Returns the shortest path in the heap by cost.
*/
public getShortestPath(): Path {
return this.paths.reduce((prev: Path, curr: Path) => prev.cost < curr.cost ? prev : curr);
}
public getPaths(): Path[] {
return this.paths;
}
}


黒の手番です。キューブアクションは？
8-8:11pt
pips Black=139 White=128
(CorrectAnswer= 0/0, ErrorScore= 0)
No double Player Winning Chances: 65.11% (G:35.82% B:1.74%) Opponent Winning Chances: 34.89% (G: 9.88% B:0.41%) Double/Take Player Winning Chances: 65.37% (G:36.15% B:1.75%) Opponent Winning Chances: 34.63% (G:10.63% B:0.48%) Cubeless Equities: No double=+0.730, Double=+1.414 Cubeful Equities: No double: +0.802 (-0.198) Double/Take: +1.117 (+0.117) Double/Pass: +1.000 Best Cube action: Double / Pass


Ubuntu, loosely translated, embraces the concept of ‘human kindness’. Virtues such as compassion and humanity are fundamental to our ethos.
We show that we care for our fellow human beings by giving time and resources to the disadvantaged that reach beyond our business interests.
We understand that Ubuntu is essential for economic and environmental sustainability
and that selfish behavior will result in growing poverty and environmental decay.
There is interconnectivity between each individual, and between each individual and the environment.
Ubuntu implies that the success of a company is dependent on utilizing and sharing each individual’s unique talents, skills and energy
so that we continue to be a long-term employer, a positive force in the environmental struggle, invest in individual skills, ultimately benefiting the community.
Ubuntu guides our conduct, rooted in the philosophy: What we do now and how we behave now will eventually affect the entire world.


{% extends 'page.html' %} {% block title %}Password reset complete{% endblock %} {% block page %}
Your password has been set. You may go ahead and log in now.
Login


SPAWN
A Film Review by James Berardinelli
RATING (0 TO 10): 5.5 Alternative Scale: ** out of ****
United States, 1997 U.S. Release Date: 8/1/97 (wide) Running Length: 1:35 MPAA Classification: PG-13 (Violence) Theatrical Aspect Ratio: 1.85:1
Cast: Michael Jai White, John Leguizamo, Martin Sheen, Nicol Williamson, D. B. Sweeney, Theresa Randle, Melinda Clarke Director: Mark A.Z. Dippe Producer: Clint Goldman Screenplay: Alan McElroy based on the comic book by Todd McFarlane Cinematography: Guillermo Navarro Music: Graeme Revell U.S. Distributor: New Line Cinema
Anyone going to SPAWN who is unaware of the film's origins will quickly determine that this is the descendent of a comic book. In addition to focusing on the exploits of a superhero (albeit an atypical one), SPAWN possesses the distinctive style and visual flair of a comic book-turned-motion picture (see THE CROW, BATMAN, and DARKMAN for other recent examples). Unfortunately, where the movie falls apart is in the storyline. While SPAWN fans may be delighted by this effort, the uninitiated may have a hard time getting beyond the fancy special effects and often-incoherent plot.
In a very palpable way, SPAWN is much like another of this summer's big budget releases, THE FIFTH ELEMENT. Both movies belong in the "style over substance" category, both present interesting visual packages, and both are less than satisfying. To succeed as a major motion picture, SPAWN has to appeal to those who do not regularly plunk down $2 for the comic book; this motion picture is a poor step in that direction.
SPAWN's underlying premise is, at its most basic, a twist on Faust. Heaven and Hell are at war, and Satan is about to launch his latest campaign against the Pearly Gates. To accomplish this, he intends to let loose his army of warriors on Earth to destroy the human race. While God and the Devil remain in their respective headquarters to watch the battle unfold, each sends a general to the front lines. For the forces of darkness, it's a twisted gnome named Clown (John Leguizamo), and, for the other side, it's the distinguished knight Cogliostro (Nicol Williamson).
As outlandish as this background may sound, it wouldn't be that hard to accept if it fueled a strong story. Unfortunately, SPAWN's plot isn't especially interesting or engrossing. The film, helmed by first- time director and former ILM veteran Mark Dippe, gets bogged down by digital effects, many of which appear a little too artificial. These are the kinds of shots that look great on a computer screen, but aren't nearly as impressive in a movie theater (compare them to the fine work at the beginning of CONTACT). In the end, a great deal more effort seems to have been put into the look of the film than into the story.
 Five years later, Al returns to Earth, literally a changed man, having made a deal with the Devil. In exchange for an opportunity to once again gaze upon his beloved wife, Wanda (Theresa Randle), Al has agreed to become a creature named Spawn, and lead Hell's Army in the upcoming war. But, before Spawn can begin his appointed task, Cogliostro finds him and stirs up the good that lies locked within his armor-encased body. From that point on, SPAWN becomes as much about the war for control of Al's soul as about the external battle between good and evil.
As disappointing as SPAWN will be to anyone expecting a strong story, there are a few things to like about the film. First and foremost, the kinetic style disallows the possibility of boredom. Then there's John Leguizamo's delightfully off the wall rendering of the wisecracking Clown, who looks and acts like a cross between Jim Carrey's Riddler and Jabba the Hut. On the acting front, however, Leguizamo is the only standout. Michael Jai White's performance as the lead character is hampered by his mask, makeup, and costume. Martin Sheen, Theresa Randle, and D.B. Sweeney (as Al's best friend) are merely adequate in stock roles.
SPAWN's chief attraction is the moral ambiguity of the main character (the spawn of Hell fighting for humanity against the minions of his former master), which, according to New Line Cinema, lends Shakespearean overtones to the film (yeah, right). What the studio fails to recognize, however, is that this sort of "dark hero" approach is nothing new. DARKMAN and THE CROW have already explored it in some detail, while movies like BATMAN and THE SHADOW have embraced certain aspects of it . In fact, an analysis of SPAWN reveals that this production is basically an amalgamation of scenes, setups, characters, and situations from other, often better motion pictures. Essentially, SPAWN does for comic books what STARGATE did for science fiction: it borrows liberally (or steals, depending on your perspective). What works on the printed page does not necessarily translate well to the screen. As a comic book, SPAWN may be first rate, but, as a movie, it's a retread.
Copyright 1997 James Berardinelli
- James Berardinelli e-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>ReelViews web site: http://www.cybernex.net/~berardin
"A film is a petrified fountain of thought." - Jean Cocteau
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Source code for pandemic_simulator.environment.interfaces.location_states
# Confidential, Copyright 2020, Sony Corporation of America, All rights reserved.
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from typing import Set
from orderedset import OrderedSet
from .ids import PersonID
from .sim_time import SimTimeTuple
__all__ = ['LocationState', 'ContactRate', 'NonEssentialBusinessLocationState',
'BusinessLocationState']
[docs]@dataclass
class LocationState:
"""State of the location."""
is_open: bool
"""A boolean to indicate if the location is open or closed."""
assignees: OrderedSet = field(default_factory=OrderedSet, init=False)
"""A set of ids of persons assigned to the location. Default is an empty set where nobody is assigned."""
assignees_in_location: OrderedSet = field(default_factory=OrderedSet, init=False)
"""A set of ids of assignes who are currently in the location. Default is an empty set."""
visitor_capacity: int = -1
"""Number of visitors allowed during the visitor_time"""
visitors_in_location: OrderedSet = field(default_factory=OrderedSet, init=False)
"""A set of ids of visitors who are currently in the location. Default is an empty set."""
contact_rate: ContactRate = ContactRate(1, 1, 0, 0.5, 0., 0.)
"""Rate at which assignees interact with other persons at that location."""
visitor_time: SimTimeTuple = SimTimeTuple()
"""Time when visitors are allowed to enter."""
social_gathering_event: bool = field(default=False, init=False)
"""Set to True to advertise a social gathering at the location."""
@property
def persons_in_location(self) -> Set[PersonID]:
"""
Property that returns the set of person ids in the location.
:return: ID of the persons in the location.
"""
persons = set(self.assignees_in_location)
persons.union(self.visitors_in_location)
return persons
[docs]@dataclass
class BusinessLocationState(LocationState):
open_time: SimTimeTuple = SimTimeTuple(hours=tuple(range(9, 18)), week_days=tuple(range(0, 5)))
[docs]@dataclass
class NonEssentialBusinessLocationState(BusinessLocationState):
locked: bool = False
open_time: SimTimeTuple = SimTimeTuple(hours=tuple(range(9, 18)), week_days=tuple(range(0, 5)))


functions are first class
functions are free of side effects
data is immutable
A JVM-based hybrid language that supports both object-oriented and functional paradigms
val j = 2
val msg = "Hello World!"
val simplest = () => "Hello World!"
simplest: () => String = <function0>
simplest() res0: String = Hello World!
val identity = (x: Any) => x
identity(3) res2: Any = 3 identity("Hello World!") res3: Any = Hello World!
val addOne = (j: Int) => j + 1
addOne(1)
res5: Int = 2
Vector(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
Set("Apple", "Samsung", "HTC")
Map("Apple" -> "iPhone", "Samsung" -> "Galaxy", "HTC" -> "One"
Collections have lots of useful HOF
(A) => Boolean
scala> val nums = Vector(1,2,3,4,5)
nums: scala.collection.immutable.Vector[Int] = Vector(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
scala> nums.filter((x:Int) => x > 3)
res20: scala.collection.immutable.Vector[Int] = Vector(4, 5)
scala> val fruits = List("orange", "bannana", "pear", "peach")
fruits: List[String] = List(orange, bannana, pear, peach)
scala> fruits.filter((f: String) => f(0) == 'p')
res19: List[String] = List(pear, peach)
(elem: A) => Bas an argument
scala> val nums = Vector(1,2,3,4,5)
nums: scala.collection.immutable.Vector[Int] = Vector(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
scala> nums.map((x: Int) => x + 1)
res6: scala.collection.immutable.Vector[Int] = Vector(2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
public List<Integer> addOne(List<Integer> in) {
List<Integer> out = new ArrayList<Integer>();
for (Integer i : in) {
out.add(i + 1);
}
return out;
}
We don't tell the computer how to iterate the collection
We just say how we want the collection transformed
http://cr.openjdk.java.net/~briangoetz/lambda/sotc3.htmlCan get a parallel implementation of a collection by calling par
on a collection
scala> nums.par
res7: scala.collection.parallel.immutable.ParVector[Int] =
ParVector(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
parallel collections are a basic implementation based on fork/join framework
operations are performed by splitting work across multiple threads
may reduce wall time of operations compared to standard processing
This work is computationally intensive
Will use naive fibonnaci algorithm for example
The work is to find fibonnaci number for a Vector of numbers
defining fib
def fib(n:Int):Int = if (n == 0) 0 else if (n == 1) 1 else fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)
fib: (n: Int)Int
try it out
scala> fib(20)
res0: Int = 6765
agrees with Wikipedia
def profile[R](code: => R, t: Long = System.currentTimeMillis) =
(code, System.currentTimeMillis - t)
wrick on StackOverflow, http://stackoverflow.com/a/14574121/576077
Tuple Examples
scala> val a = (1,3)
a: (Int, Int) = (1,3)
scala> val b = (1, "foo", 2.0)
b: (Int, String, Double) = (1,foo,2.0)
scala> val data = ("foo", 3)
data: (String, Int) = (foo,3)
scala> val (msg, num) = data
msg: String = foo
num: Int = 3
scala> val (result, time) = profile {fib(30)}
result: Int = 832040
time: Long = 5
scala> val (result, time) = profile {fib(40)}
result: Int = 102334155
time: Long = 622
scala> val (result, time) = profile {fib(45)}
result: Int =<PHONE_NUMBER>
time: Long = 6271
scala> val (result, time) = profile {Vector(43,43,43,43).map(fib(_))}
result: scala.collection.immutable.Vector[Int] = Vector(433494437, 433494437, 433494437, 433494437)
time: Long = 9579
scala> val (result, time) = profile {Vector(43,43,43,43).par.map(fib(_))}
result: scala.collection.parallel.immutable.ParVector[Int] = ParVector(433494437, 433494437, 433494437, 433494437)
time: Long = 4890
Functional Programming in Scala, Chiusano & Bjarnason
Functional Programming Patterns in Scala and Clojure, Bevilacqua-Linn
Michael Pigg
@mikepigg
@ChariotSolution
@techcast


Product carousel feed integration
TVProductCarouselViewController
is a class responsible for fetching, displaying and launching a video player for available products. SDK provides a simple and convenient way for embedding the feed into your app’s UI.
Instantiate the view controller by calling the -[TVTrailerVoteFactory productCarouselViewControllerEmbeddedInParentViewController:parentView:]
method of the main factory class:
let productCarouselVC = TVTrailerVoteFactory.shared().productCarouselViewControllerEmbedded(
inParentViewController: self,
parentView: trailerFeedContainerView
)
parentViewController
is a UIViewController
instance that will be used as a parent for the product carousel feed view controller, parentView
is a UIView
that you wish to embed the feed content into. The product carousel view controller will automatically set all neccessary constraints so you only need to layout your container view:
When using storyboards, you can simply create a UIView
wrapper, create an IBOutlet
for it and instantiate the product carousel feed view controller in your viewDidLoad
method:
@IBOutlet weak var carouselContainerView: UIView!
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
let productCarouselVC = TVTrailerVoteFactory.shared().productCarouselViewControllerEmbedded(
inParentViewController: self,
parentView: carouselContainerView
)
}
When instantiated, the product carousel view controller will automatically fetch and display the feed. To force a feed reload, call the -[TVProductCarouselViewController reloadFeed]
method.
When a collection view cell is tapped, a fullscreen video player is presented automatically:
The video player provides an ability to seek through the trailers in the feed using the convenient controls. The video player also presents the user with a voting view, so that the user can rate the movie that is currently playing.
Upon voted, the trailer will be automatically added to the voted trailers feed (see Voted trailers feed integration on how to set up the feed).


volta
A JavaScript Tool Manager that installs Node.js runtimes, npm and Yarn package managers, or any binaries from npm.
More information: home page
- List all installed tools:
volta list
- Install the latest version of a tool:
volta install node|npm|yarn|package_name
- Install a specific version of a tool:
volta install node|npm|yarn@version
- Choose a tool version for a project (will store it in `package.json`):
volta pin node|npm|yarn@version
- Display help:
volta help
- Display help for a subcommand:
volta help fetch|install|uninstall|pin|list|completions|which|setup|run|help


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113488-general/topic/Forward.20declarations.html ---
Is it possible to forward declare definitions in lean? I'd like to write something like
structure some_data -- forward declare structure because lean can't look ahead def mutator_fn := some_data → some_data structure some_data := (the_data : list nat) (data_mutator : mutator_fn) def some_data.mutate (my_data : some_data) : some_data := my_data.data_mutator my_data
and that way my_data.mutate
would be able mutate itself, for example.
If you can't I'm pretty sad. :( Has it ever been asked for?
I'm not exactly sure what you're after yet, but "mutual defs" may be what you want, and I think are as close as you're going to get.
I'm now all about mutual definitions!
This sounds like an obvious source of unsoundness, so it's definitely by design that this isn't doable. I think you should explain in more detail what you are trying to do - there is likely a standard "functional" approach to your problem that does not require forward declaration.
Rather than forward declaration, the structure can just refer to itself. Since this makes it recursive you have to define it with inductive
:
meta inductive some_data | mk (the_data : list nat) (data_mutator : some_data → some_data) : some_data
This has to be meta
, though, because it is unsound
Sure, this was just for programming in lean just like another functional language (i.e. with reckless abandon). Often functions invoke each other, for example. I was willing to sell my soul to the meta
s :D
here is the mutator:
meta def some_data.mutate : some_data → some_data | ⟨d, m⟩ := m ⟨d, m⟩
cheers
what does meta
mean?
Roughly that you are doing raw Lean. Without proof checking. So all tactics are written in meta
land.
But Mario can give you a definition that is a lot better.
It turns off the safety
you can do unbounded recursion and non-positive inductives and other unsound things, as well as being able to call meta constants that have a definition in C++
Actually, how might I solve a related problem, like declaring (toy example):
meta structure vertex := ( color : string ) ( adj_list : list edge ) meta structure edge := ( start end : vertex ) ( weight : nat )
mutual inductive
(thanks again for the practically instant help)
beat me!
meta mutual inductive vertex, edge with vertex : Type | mk (color : string) (adj_list : list edge) : vertex with edge : Type | mk (start end_ : vertex) (weight : nat) : edge
end
is a keyword
Note that these are dangerous even in pure programming lean, because the pointer structure has cycles and lean is reference counted
(In principle) there are countermeasures against rc cycles though, right? Are you saying that lean isn't able to find them at the moment?---if so, appreciate the heads up. thanks again :)
Well, lean is pretty explicitly designed to make rc cycles impossible as a result of the type system
I don't know if it does something special for meta mutual inductives, but I doubt it
the goal is to have a strong enough type system that lean can assume powerful things about your code. Functional stuff like common subexpression evaluation is one simple example
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


Import URLs
This add-on adds an option to import a file of URLs via the 'Tools' menu. The file must be plain text with one URL per line.
This add-on also exposes a ZAP API endpoint /importurls/importurls (filePath*) to facilitate programmatic
use of the functionality.


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| 9 Jan 1929 |
Dorothea Puente born, San Bernardino County CA. |
| 1933 |
Father dies. |
| 1935 |
Mother dies. |
| 1952 |
Marries Axel Johanson. |
| 1966 |
Divorces. |
| 1976 |
Marries Pedro Montalvo. |
| Apr 1982 |
Ruth Monroe, age 61, dies of a drug overdose in Puente's boardinghouse. |
| 18 Aug 1982 |
Dorothea Puente convicted of theft (3 counts), sentenced to five years. |
| 1985 |
Released from prison after serving roughly three years. |
| Nov 1985 |
Handyman Ismael Florez constructs a six-foot-long wooden box for Dorothea Puente, and assists her dumping it into a river, without actually knowing what is inside the box. He thinks this is somewhat strange but Dorothea is a nice lady. |
| 1 Jan 1986 |
Everson Gillmouth's decomposed body found inside a wooden box. |
| 11 Nov 1988 |
First body found underneath Puente's lawn. Seven bodies are found in all. |
| Nov 2001 |
Dorothea Puente's Victorian home dating in part to 1889, at 1626 F Street, Sacramento CA, offered for sale at $225,950. It's a fixer-upper; police trashed it looking for body parts. |


| Home | Malls | Eateries | Gaming |
INOX Leisure Limited is the diversification venture of the INOX group into entertainment and is a subsidiary of Gujarat Fluorochemicals Ltd headquartered in Mumbai.
|
Fame Shankarnag Chitramandira: Old Symphony, M.G Road, Near Raymond Shop, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560008, India |
|---|
|
INOX Lido: Off M.G. Road, Ulsoor, Next to Hyatt Hotel, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560008, India |
|---|
|
INOX Central, 5th Floor Central, 45th Cross, J P Nagar 2nd Phase, Marenhalli Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560069, India |
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|
INOX Forum Value Mall, No.62, Whitefield Main Road, Near Citi Bank ATM, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560066, India |
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|
INOX Garuda Mall, Magrath, Road, Garuda Mall, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560025, India |
|---|
|
INOX: Garuda Swagath Mall, 4th Floor, Shree Garuda Swagath, Tilak Nagar Main Road, Jayanagar, Near Tilak Nagar Police Station, Bengaluru |
|---|


--- layout: page title: About header-img: "img/about-bg.png" ---
Marian is a twenty-something living in Eugene, OR who wants to build websites for a living. After a couple decades of wandering, both physically and in a vocational sense, she is learning what it means to finally put down roots. Read along as she finds her permanent spot in the world and launches a new career.


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