The conceptual structure of the data to be represented in the service has a hierarchical structure that is:
However this structure has some problems with the details of the specifications provided. The first big problem is that the policies need to be accessible by clients without knowing the NFFG they belong to. For this reason the policies resource should be a top level one instead of being a child resource of the NFFG resource. This is a direct consequence of the fact that the policies are identified by their name in the global scope instead of being restricted to the scope of the single NFFG they belong to.
The verification of policies that won't be stored has been moved as a top level resource in order to have consistency with the responses provided by the creation / update of stored policies: if the verification was a child resource of NFFG, the 404 status code should have been used by the service if the policy refers an unknown NFFG because the NFFG would have been in the path. But since the policies resource are detached from the NFFGs the checks performed by the service when receiving a policy to be stored don't use 404 because the path will not include the information about the related NFFG.
Details about the solution to these problems are provided below.
This is the effective structure that has been designed.
The resources are:
The policies
are made available as root elements because the clients may want to get the whole set of policies stored inside the service. Since the name of a policy is unique not only inside a single NFFG, but has a global scope, it is appropriate that also the child resource policy
belongs to this subtree.
Single policies can be created and updated using the same procedure: a PUT request on the policy
resource child of policies
. Because the requirements specify that if a new policy is submitted with the same name as an already stored one a replacement will occur, to update or to create a policy the client can use the same PUT request. The HTTP method chosen is PUT, because it is idempotent and the resource path is chosen by the client (see the discussion about IDs below).
The tree structure of the resources previously shown is reflected on the URLs used. Curly braces are used in the following when the path contains an identifier.
| URL | resource type | method | usage |
|---|---|---|---|
/ |
- | DELETE | delete all the data stored in the service |
/nffgs |
nffgs | GET | obtain the collection of NFFGs |
| POST | store a new NFFG | ||
/nffgs/{nffg_name} |
nffg | GET | obtain a single NFFG given its name |
| DELETE | delete a single NFFG given its name | ||
/policies |
policies | GET | obtain the collection of all the policies |
| DELETE | delete all the policies | ||
/policies/{policy_name} |
policy | GET | obtain a single policy given its name |
| PUT | store a policy on this resource (both creation or update) | ||
| DELETE | delete a single policy given its name | ||
/policies/{policy_name}/result |
result | POST | recompute the result and obtain the policy with the updated result |
/tester |
policy | POST | verify the policy provided in the request testing it against an existing NFFG |
Since both the NFFGs and the policies are identified by their name (as specified in the requirements of assignment 1) and since their pattern is quite strict (only alphabetical characters), the names can be used directly as path elements and therefore the ID of the resources is chosen by the client. In this way the client is able to retrieve the wanted data by simply knowing the name of the nffg / policy. This reflects the methods of the interface NffgVerifier, that allows to read the data in a similar way.
For the NFFGs creation, the POST method is used because the creation is not idempotent as explained in the requirements (creation of an NFFG with the same name as an existing one is forbidden). Instead for the policies, since the creation of a policy with the same name as one already stored in the service is allowed and is used for replacement, the creation of a policy uses the same method as the replacement / update. In this way the client directly submits a PUT request to the path that contains the name of the policy, and since PUT is idempotent the creation follows the same approach as an update.
All the operations are available with Accept and Content-Type with value application/xml
. The Accept can also be application/json
since the JAXB framework can handle this too, but for the Content-Type this data representation is not available because of implementation details: the requests are validated against an XML schema, and since the JSON schema is not required the validation of JSON could not be done. Some automatic generators of JSON schema from XML schema exist, but I preferred not to use them.
The types used for data exchange are the ones contained in the XSD: elements nffg
and policy
in the namespace http://dp2.polito.it/nffgVerifier
. Some data exchange used for collections are simply a list of elements belonging to the xsd: nffgs
is simply a sequence of nffg
elements, while policies
is a sequence of policies
. This is handled by the JAXB framework, because the types transferred are lists of elements that are manageable. So the collections look like:
<nffgs>
<nffg xmlns="http://dp2.polito.it/nffgVerifier" updated="2017-01-23T11:36:03.820+01:00" name="NFFGtest"/>
<nffg xmlns="http://dp2.polito.it/nffgVerifier" updated="2017-01-23T11:36:19.527+01:00" name="NFFGtest2"/>
</nffgs>
All the resources also have in common some HTTP response status codes (that are automatically managed by tomcat):
405
: the client is using an HTTP method not allowed406
: the client is asking for an Accept that is not allowed500
: generic internal server error when something unexpected happens in the serviceSome custom exceptions have been designed for specific situations:
409
: when the client tries to violate the constraint about uniqueness based on the name400
: used both when validation of request fails against the schema or when the request references some data that is not stored in the service500
: when something in the service is not working as expected. This could be a communication error with neo4j or some constraint failures. Before reaching some points that will generate unmanaged runtime exceptions, a specific exception is thrown providing a message to the client.The following paragraphs show the details about each resource with the allowed methods.
/
The root resource is made available only for cleaning purposes. It cannot be read (for this the clients need to read the nffgs
and policies
separately) but can be used to clear all the data stored inside the service.
| method | request type | explanation | result status | response | meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DELETE | - | delete all the data | 204 no content | - | all the data has been deleted |
/nffgs
The collection of nffgs. Can be used to read the data about nffgs or to create a new nffg. There is no possibility to delete the whole set of NFFGs because, since all the policies stored refer an NFFG, to keep the constrains valid also the whole set of policies should be removed. For this reason the deletion of all the data has been moved to the root resource.
| method | request type | explanation | result status | response | meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GET | - | get the collection of NFFGs | 200 OK | set of nffgs
|
in the response the set of NFFGs |
| POST | nffg | create a new NFFG | 201 CREATED | created nffg
|
the NFFG has been created and is provided back to the client |
| 400 BAD REQUEST | error string | schema validation error | |||
| 409 CONFLICT | error string | a NFFG with the same name is already stored |
The POST request must contain the field name
, that will be the identifier of the created resource if the request succeeds. In case the name is already used by another stored NFFG, the service returns a HTTP 409 error. Instead if the request itself contains an error when doing validation of the data contained, the service returns a HTTP 400 error.
/nffgs/{nffg_name}
A single nffg identified by its name. It can be read or deleted.
| method | request type | explanation | result status | response | meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GET | - | get the NFFG | 200 OK | nffg |
in the response the NFFG corresponding to nffg_name
|
| 404 NOT FOUND | error string | no NFFG exists with this name | |||
| DELETE | - | delete the NFFG | 200 OK | deleted nffg
|
the NFFG has been deleted and is provided back to the client |
| 403 FORBIDDEN | error string | impossible to delete the NFFG because some policies refer to it | |||
| 404 NOT FOUND | error string | no NFFG exists with this name |
The DELETE has an optional queryParam that is required in the case that some policies are attached to this NFFG. The queryParam is force
and the behavior of the service is the following:
| DELETE | force=true |
force not true or missing |
|---|---|---|
| NFFG without policies | success (removed NFFG) | success (removed NFFG) |
| NFFG with policies | success (removed NFFG and all the policies referring it) | FAIL |
/policies
Policies collection. Can be used to read the data about policies (with some filtering using queryParams) and to delete the whole set of policies.
| method | request type | explanation | result status | response | meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GET | - | get the collection of policies | 200 OK | policies |
in the response the set of policies |
| DELETE | - | delete all the policies | 204 no content | - | all the policies have been deleted |
queryParams to be used in GET to filter the data:
nffg
: only get policies for a specific NFFG (whose name is the value of the parameter)from
: get policies that have been verified after the specified time and date (not implemented)/policies/{policy_name}
A single policy identified by its id. Can be used to read the policy, delete it or sending a policy for creation or update purposes.
| method | request type | explanation | result status | response | meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GET | - | get the policy | 200 OK | policy |
in the response the policy corresponding to policy_name
|
| 404 NOT FOUND | error string | no policy exists with this name | |||
| DELETE | - | delete the policy | 200 OK | deleted policy
|
the policy has been deleted and is provided back to the client |
| 404 NOT FOUND | error string | no policy exists with this name | |||
| PUT | policy | update/create the policy | 200 OK | updated policy
|
the policy has been updated successfully and is provided back to the client |
| 201 CREATED | created policy
|
the policy has been created successfully and is provided back to the client | |||
| 400 BAD REQUEST | error string | validation error or invalid reference to stored resources |
/policies/{policy_name}/result
The corresponding result for this policy. This subresource can only be used to ask to the service an update of the verification result. The verification is done using neo4j service, and the updated policy is returned to the client.
| method | request type | explanation | result status | response type | meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| POST | - | update the policy result | 200 OK |
policy with updated result |
the reachability policy has been tested and updated in the service and the policy is provided back to the client |
| 404 NOT FOUND | error string | no policy exists with this name |
/tester
Verification endpoint for client policies, not stored on the service. The reachability policy is tested by using neo4j service.
| method | request type | explanation | result status | response type | meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| POST | policy | verify this policy | 200 OK | policy |
the reachability policy has been tested and the policy is provided back to the client with the updated result |
| 400 NOT FOUND | error string | validation error or invalid reference to stored resources |
The data are stored using two maps: one for NFFGs and one for policies. While the map for policies contains directly the objects belonging to the generated class Policy
, the map of NFFGs contain object belonging to the class NffgStorage
. This class contains:
Nffg
(the data that clients can get)The synchronization without considering the removal of NFFGs is simply obtained by using ConcurrentMap.
storeNffg
performs a single atomic operation on the nffgs map: a putIfAbsent
that is checking the existence and storing the new nffg in atomic waystorePolicy
is checking the references to nffg and nodes (src and dst) then is putting the new policy into the policies map as a single atomic put
. But since an NFFG cannot be deleted, after the check the references cannot be invalidated in any ways, so also in this case there is no need of additional synchronizationdeletePolicy
is removing the policy from the map of policies in a single atomic operationdeleteAllPolicies
is clearing the policy map in a single atomic operationupdatePolicyResult
is first getting the policy from its name then is verifying its result. Also if this is not a single operation and a deletion can occur in between, this is not a problem because in this case the serialized view of the events would be that the deletion occurred after the update of the result, without side effects because the update of the result does not operate on the map but only on an object that is stored inside it, and can be safely removed from the map preventing other threads to reach this policy that still exist for the thread that is handling the updateverifyResultOnTheFly
is first validating the references contained in the policy (nffg, src, dst) and then verifying the result. Since the referenced nffg cannot be deleted (or updated) the data are still valid also if these operations are not performed atomicallyThe method storeNffg
seems to act in a strange way: first it inserts the NFFG into the map (by checking the constraints) then it handles the storage of nodes inside neo4j service. This has some consequences:
When some policies referring this NFFG will be requested an update, the check on the completeness of the storage inside neo4j is performed (because the getId
method of the NffgStorage
class is synchronized and checks the flags of the status). The possible situations are:
getId
will return null
and the verification won't be executedgetId
will wait for the end of the operation (success or fail):
The advantages of this solution are:
putIfAbsent
instead of doing a containsKey
then after the neo4j communication doing the put
storeNffg
can be executed in parallel without unwanted race conditions. Since the communication with neo4j could take a lot of time (some seconds for a huge NFFG), this would kill the performances.Considering also the deletion, the modifications done are the following:
deleteNffg
and deleteAll
methods (the ones that would make the references to NFFGs invalid). In this way, when this lock is acquired no other threads can operate on the policies (modification)In details the usage of locks by each method:
deleteNffg
in the critical section protected by exclusive lock is:
deleteAll
also uses the exclusive lockstorePolicy
uses a shared lock to validate the references and then storing in the policies map the new one. In this way the removal cannot occur between the two operations, and therefore the references are still validdeletePolicy
uses a shared lock because the iteration that is occurring in the deleteNffg
over the collection of policies acts on the valueSet that is not explicitly concurrent-safe also if it coming from a ConcurrentMap. In order to avoid any problems, the deletion of a single policy is done in a protected blockdeleteAllPolicies
uses the shared lock for the same reason as aboveupdatePolicyResult
uses the shared lock because after getting the policy from the name the verification is accessing the related nffg in order to use the ids, that must not be deleted between the two operationsverifyResultOnTheFly
uses the shared lock because after checking the references, the nffg must continue to be stored inside the nffgs mapstoreNffg
does not need any locks because acts on completely new data. If the nffg stored with the same name is still being removed but not yet from the map, the serialized view of events will have the store before the deletion, without causing side effects.getPolicies
is the only critical getter, that could give back a partial set of policies because the method removeIf
called on the entrySet by the deleteNffg
could be iterating and having removed only some policies belonging to the nffg that is being deleted. To avoid this problem, this method also uses the shared lock


When working with styles in CSS, it is important to understand the difference between these three things. All items (text, images, tables, shapes, colour blocks etc) on a web-page are called elements.
First, the actual definitions as they relate to style on web pages:
I like to think of it in terms of a human body - that is:
Hopefully this analogy helps clarify! Or at least makes it mildly amusing to recall.


This is example code for Angular basics. It's theme parks, because I love theme parks (especially Disney).


Loosely Coupled Web App Sample
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VITUNES(1) BSD General Commands Manual VITUNES(1) NAME vitunes -- A curses media indexer and player for vi-users SYNOPSIS vitunes [-c command] [-d database-file] [-e command [argument ...]] [-f config-file] [-m media-backend] [-p playlist-dir] DESCRIPTION vitunes is a curses-based music player and playlist manager for *nix whose goals are a minimalistic appearance, strong vi-like bindings, and quick playlist creation/management. It is not intended to be a feature-rich media player, but rather a quick, vi-like media indexer and playlist manager that also happens to be able to play the media it indexes (via mplayer(1) ). vitunes accepts the following command line options: -c command Execute the specified commands in the currently running vitunes instance, and exit. This is useful for controlling vitunes from other windows or scripts. The commands that may be specified are both those named in the RUN-TIME COMMANDS section below and keybindings specified by their keybinding action name, listed in the KEYBINDING ACTIONS section below. Note that for this to work, when vitunes starts up it attempts to create a socket at /tmp/.vitunes that are used by this option to communicate with the original instance. If this socket cannot be created for any reason, this option will not work. -d database-file Specifies the database-file containing all known media files and their meta-information that vitunes should use. If this option is used in conjunction with an e-command, the option must be specified before the e-command. The default location is ~/.vitunes/vitunes.db. -e command options Execute one of the available e-commands to manipulate the database that vitunes uses. See the section below titled E-COMMANDS for more information. -f config-file Specifies an alternative config-file vitunes should load. See the section below titled CONFIGURATION FILE for informa- tion on what the configuration may contain. The default location is ~/.vitunes/vitunes.conf. -m media-backend Specify the media-backend to use for playback. The current list of supported media backends are: mplayer Uses a fork(2) / execvp(3) 'd instance of mplayer(1) for all playback. Note that the mplayer binary must be in the PATH environment variable. gst Uses the gstreamer multimedia library for media playback. Note that the media formats supported by this backend depend on what gstreamer plugins are installed. The default backend is mplayer. -p playlist-dir Specifies an alternative playlist-dir containing all of the playlists vitunes will load and use. Any new playlists cre- ated while running vitunes will be created here. The default location is ~/.vitunes/playlists/. GETTING STARTED vitunes works by maintaining a database of tagged media files. The data- base must be created and populated before vitunes can be run normally. After that, files can be added, modified, or removed from the database, and on the next invocation, vitunes will see the changes (additionally, the database can be re-loaded at runtime). • All database management is done using "e-commands", which are always of the form: $ vitunes -e command-name [parameters ...] • Once the database has been created, vitunes can be run normally with the following: $ vitunes • All playlist management is done while vitunes is running normally. See the E-COMMANDS section below for more information on database manage- ment. To get started quickly, simply do the following: 1. Create initial empty database with $ vitunes -e init 2. Add files to the database with $ vitunes -e add ~/music/ /path/to/more/music/ 3. Then just start normally with $ vitunes The Display When run normally, the default display will show the following 4 windows: player This window occupies the top row of the display and contains information about the currently playing song (if any) and the current play-mode. command/status This window occupies the bottom row of the display. It behaves very similar to the command/status window in vi(1). library This window occupies the left-side of the screen and shows each playlist, in addition to the library and filter-buffer. The filter buffer is where the results of every :filter ... command are temporarily stored. Playlists with unsaved changes appear bold and have their name preceded with a '+'. playlist This window is to the right of the library window and occu- pies most of the display. It shows the contents of whichever playlist has currently been selected in the library window. Useful Keybindings The following is only a partial listing keybindings, but are the most frequently used. Enter Load the selected playlist for viewing or begin playback of the selected file. Tab Toggle focus between the library and playlist windows. z Pause playback. s Stop playback. f/b Seek forwards/backwards 10 seconds. F/B Seek forwards/backwards 1 minute. m In the playlist window, show/hide information for the current file. See the KEYBINDING ACTIONS section for a complete listing. E-COMMANDS More detailed usage information and examples for each e-command can be obtained by issuing: $ vitunes -e help command-name RUN-TIME COMMANDS Below is a listing of all run-time commands supported by vitunes. All commands are entered by typing ':' followed by the command name and any parameters (just like in vi(1) ). Note that abbreviations are also supported. That is, entering any non- ambiguous abbreviation of a command name will also execute the command. :bind action keycode This will bind the action specified by action to the keycode specified by keycode. After this command is issued, entering the inputting the specified keycode will result in firing the speci- fied action. See the section SPECIFYING KEYCODES for details on how to specify keycode, and section KEYBINDING ACTIONS for a listing of all actions vitunes supports. :color item=fg,bg Change the color of the given item to fg colored text on a bg colored background. Available values for item are: Item Name Description bars The bars dividing the various windows. player The player window. status The status window. library The library window. playlist The playlist window. errors Error messages in the status window. messages Informational messages in the status win- dow. tildas-library The tildas in empty rows of the library window. tildas-playlist The tildas in empty rows of the playlist window. playing-library Currently playing playlist in the library window. playing-playlist Currently playing file in the playlist window. current-active Current row in the active window. current-inactive Current row in the inactive window. artist The artist column in the playlist window. album The album column in the playlist window. title The title column in the playlist window. track The track column in the playlist window. year The year column in the playlist window. genre The genre column in the playlist window. comment The comment column in the playlist win- dow. length The play-length column in the playlist window. Available colors for fg and bg are: white, black, red, green, yellow, blue, magenta, cyan, default and color[n]. The color default is whatever the terminal uses as the default foreground or background color. N is integer in range -1...255. :display (reset | show | display-description) The display command is used to change which columns are displayed in the playlist window, their order, their width, and their alignment. The format of display-description is a comma separated list of: "[-]field.size". Valid values for field are: album, artist, comment, genre, length, title, track, and year. The size field indicates the number of columns. If field is preceded with a - the field will be right-aligned. As an example, the command: :display title.10,artist.20,-track.4 would only show the title, artist, and track fields, in that order, where the title field is 10 columns wide, the artist field is 20 columns wide, and the track field is 4 columns wide and right-aligned. The default display can be restored with: :display reset The current display description can be seen with: :display show :filter[!] token [token2 ...] The filter command is used to filter out all songs from the cur- rently viewed playlist that do not match (or do match) the pro- vided list of tokens. A song matches the list of tokens if each token appears somewhere in the song's meta-information or file- name. If ":filter" is used, all records not matching the list of tokens are removed from the current playlist. If ":filter!" is used, all records that do match the list of tokens are removed from the current playlist. The list of tokens is simply any list of strings, each possibly preceded with an exclamation point. If a token is preceded with an exclamation point, it will only match a song if it does not appear anywhere in the song's meta-information or filename. For example, the following: :filter nine nails would match all songs that contained both "nine" and "nails", and remove all other songs from the current playlist. However, :filter! nine nails would remove all songs that DO contain both "nine" and "nails." The query: :filter nine !nails would match all songs that contain "nine" and NOT "nails". All other songs would be removed from the current playlist. :mode (linear | loop | random) Set the current playmode to one of the three available options. The options are: linear Songs in a playlist are played in the order they appear until the end is reached. loop Like linear, but when the end of the playlist is reached, playback continues at the beginning of the playlist. random Songs are chosen at random from the playlist. :new [name] Create a new, empty playlist. If name is provided, the new playlist will be named accordingly unless a playlist with that name already exists. If no name is provided, the default is "untitled". :playlist name Load the playlist named by name in the playlist window. :q[!] Quit vitunes. If there are playlists with unsaved changes, then vitunes raises a notification and denies any attempts of quit- ting. To forcefully quit, use :q!, and any unsaved changes to any playlists will be lost. Note that playlists with unsaved changes appear bold in the library window. :reload (db | conf) The reload command is used to reload either the database or con- figuration file while vitunes is running. Handy if the database is updated using an e-command while also running vitunes. :set property=value The set command is used to set various properties within vitunes. For properties that accept a value of bool, valid values are 'true' and 'false'. The following properties are available: lhide=bool If set to true, the library window will be hidden (disappear) when it does not have focus. lwidth=number Set the width of the library window to number columns wide. Note that the number provided must be greater than 0 and less than the width of the terminal. match-fname=bool When searching or filtering a playlist, normally the filenames are also included in the matching algo- rithm. This can sometimes be undesirable, particu- larly if, for example, all of the music/media reside in a directory named "media" and trying to search for a file with the word "media" in the title. To disable this behavior, set match-fnames to false. save-sorts=bool Most operations that change a playlist (such as paste/cut) set the 'needs-saving' flag on the playlist, such that a prompt is shown on exiting vitunes that there is a playlist with unsaved changes. By default, sorting a playlist does not do this. To change this behavior, and be prompted to save sorts on exit, set this option to true. :sort sort-description Sort the currently viewing playlist using the provided sort-description, which is a comma separated list of: "[-]field", specifying which fields to sort by and if they should be sorted ascending or descending. Valid values for field are: album, artist, comment, genre, length, title, track, and year. Each field is sorted ascending by default, unless the field is preceeded with the dash -, in which case that field is sorted descending. As an example, the following command: :sort artist,-album,title would sort all records in the current playlist by artist (ascend- ing) first, then album-name (descending), then title (ascending). Note that while most operations on playlists set the "needs-sav- ing" flag (so a prompt is shown when quiting vitunes that the playlist has unsaved changes), sorting a playlist does not do this. This is intentional. To invert this behaviour, see the save-sorts option for the set command. :toggle register command-list This command will associate a list of commands specified by command-list to register register. Once set, the list of com- mands can be quickly toggled through using the toggle_forward and toggle_backward keybindings (which default to t and T, respec- tively). Toggle-lists can be useful to quickly alternate through, for example, various sorting or display schemes that the user may prefer. register is any single lower-case letter (a - z) or uppercase letter (A - Z). command-list is any list of valid commands listed here, each separated by a backslash character '/'. As an example, the following would allow one to quickly toggle through various sorting schemes: toggle s sort artist,-year,track / sort artist,album,track / sort -year Once issued, the three individual sorts specified above can be toggled using the s register. With the default keybindings this would be done using either ts (to toggle forward through the list) or Ts (to toggle backward through the list). :unbind (* | action action | key keycode) This command is used to remove existing keybindings. It has three forms. The first is simply: unbind * which will remove all existing keybindings. This is handy in a configuration file where defining all custom keybindings is desired. Issuing this at runtime will leave an instance of vitunes that will not respond to any keybdings! The second form is used to unbind actions: unbind action action This will remove any keybindings for the action specified by action. The third form is used to unbind keys: unbind key keycode This will remove any action currently bound to the key specified by keycode. See the section SPECIFYING KEYCODES for details on how to specify keycode, and section KEYBINDING ACTIONS for a listing of all actions vitunes supports. :w[!] [name] Save the currently viewing playlist. If a name is provided, then the playlist will be saved with this new name. If, however, a playlist already exists with that name, then saving is denied unless '!' is provided, in which case the existing playlist with that name will be deleted. SPECIFYING KEYCODES This section describes how to specify keycodes used in both the :bind and :unbind commands. Keycodes are specified in the following fashion: [Control] (key | SpecialKey) Here, key is used to specify the actual, printable character entered which is case-sensitive (e.g. 'j', 'p', 'P'), and SpecialKey is used to specify various non-printable characters (such as the Page-Up key). If the string "Control" is also specified, then the keycode only applies when the control key is pressed in conjunction with the key or SpecialKey. Although key is case-sensitive ('p' and 'P' are treated differently), both SpecialKey and "Control" are case-insensitive. The currently supported list of non-printable characters available for SpecialKey are: Value Description PageUp The page-up key. PageDown The page-down key. Up The up-arrow key. Down The down-arrow key. Left The left-arrow key. Right The right-arrow key. Backspace The backspace key. Enter The enter key. Space The space key. Tab The tab key. Some examples of using keycodes and the :bind run-time command are: bind paste_after p bind paste_before P bind scroll_up_halfpage Control u bind scroll_down_halfpage Control d KEYBINDING ACTIONS The current list of available actions that keys may be bound to is the following. For each action, the default keys bound to them are also listed. Action Name Description scroll_up Scroll the current row in the current window up by one line. DEFAULT BINDINGS: k, -, Up scroll_down Scroll the current row in the current window down by one line. DEFAULT BINDINGS: j, Down scroll_up_page Scroll the current window up by one line. DEFAULT BINDINGS: Control y scroll_down_page Scroll the current window down by one line. DEFAULT BINDINGS: Control e scroll_up_halfpage Scroll the current window up one half-page. DEFAULT BINDINGS: Control u scroll_down_halfpage Scroll the current window down one half-page. DEFAULT BINDINGS: Control d scroll_up_wholepage Scroll the current window up one whole page. DEFAULT BINDINGS: Control b, PageUp scroll_down_wholepage Scroll the current window down one whole page. DEFAULT BINDINGS: Control f, PageDown scroll_left Scroll the current window to the left one column. DEFAULT BINDINGS: h, Left, Backspace scroll_right Scroll the current window to the right one column. DEFAULT BINDINGS: l, Right, Space scroll_leftmost Scroll the current window to the left as far as possible. DEFAULT BINDINGS: ^, 0, | scroll_rightmost Scroll the current window to the right as far as possible. DEFAULT BINDINGS: $ jumpto_screen_top Move the current line to the first line in the current window. DEFAULT BINDINGS: H jumpto_screen_middle Move the current line to the middle line in the current window. DEFAULT BINDINGS: M jumpto_screen_bottom Move the current line to the bottom line in the current window. DEFAULT BINDINGS: L jumpto_line Jump to either a specified line (if a global input number is present) or to the last line in the cur- rent window's buffer. DEFAULT BINDINGS: G jumpto_percent Using the global input number N, jump to the line N% the way through the current window's buffer. DEFAULT BINDINGS: % go Go to a specific location within the current win- dow. This is planned to be similar to vim(1) 's use of the 'g' keybinding, with multiple suffixes. For now, only 'gg' is supported, and this moves the cursor to the first line in the current win- dow's buffer. DEFAULT BINDINGS: g search_forward Begin a search for the entered string searching forward in the current window. The current row will be updated to the next matching row. DEFAULT BINDINGS: / search_backward Begin a search for the entered string searching backwards in the current The current row will be updated to the next matching row. window. DEFAULT BINDINGS: ? find_next_forward Using the previous search-string, search in the same direction as the search was input for the next matching row. DEFAULT BINDINGS: n find_next_backward Using the previous search-string, search in the opposite direction as the search was input for the next matching row. DEFAULT BINDINGS: N cut Remove the following N lines from the current win- dow, placing them in the copy buffer, where N is the global input number. Note that if the library window is active, only one row (playlist) can be cut/deleted at a time, and that this action cannot be undone. DEFAULT BINDINGS: d visual Begin visual mode. This is only available in the playlist window, and once begun, only keybindings that move the cursor within the current window are allowed. Visual mode is exited when either a yank or delete operation has been performed, or when the Escape key is pressed. DEFAULT BINDINGS: v, V yank Copy the following N lines from the current window into the copy buffer, where N is the global input number. This action cannot be used in the library window. DEFAULT BINDINGS: y paste_after Paste the contents of the copy buffer after the current row in the playlist window. This action cannot be used in the library window. DEFAULT BINDINGS: p paste_before Paste the contents of the copy buffer before the current row in the playlist window. This action cannot be used in the library window. DEFAULT BINDINGS: P undo Undo the previous action on the currently viewed playlist. This action cannot be used in the library window. DEFAULT BINDINGS: u redo Redo the previously undone action on the currently viewed playlist. This action cannot be used in the library window. DEFAULT BINDINGS: Control r quit Exit vitunes. If there are unsaved changes in any playlists, vitunes prevents any attempts of exit- ing until those changes are saved or ":q!" is issued. DEFAULT BINDINGS: Control c, Control / redraw Clear and re-draw the entire display. DEFAULT BINDINGS: Control l command_mode Enter command-mode, where the commands listed in the RUN-TIME COMMANDS section may be issued. DEFAULT BINDINGS: : shell Enter a command to be executed outsite of vitunes and in the current shell environment. The output of the execution is shown before control and the display returns to vitunes. DEFAULT BINDINGS: ! switch_windows Toggle focus between the library and playlist win- dows. DEFAULT BINDINGS: Tab show_file_info Show the file information (including meta-informa- tion) for the current row/file in the playlist window. This action does not work in the library window. DEFAULT BINDINGS: m load_playlist Load the playlist specified by the current row in the library window. DEFAULT BINDINGS: Enter media_play Begin playing the file specified by the current row in the playlist window. DEFAULT BINDINGS: Enter media_pause Pause playback of any playing media. DEFAULT BINDINGS: z media_stop Stop all playback of any playing media. DEFAULT BINDINGS: s seek_forward_seconds Seek forwards 10 seconds in any playing media. DEFAULT BINDINGS: f, ] seek_backward_seconds Seek backwards 10 seconds in any playing media. DEFAULT BINDINGS: b, [ seek_forward_minutes Seek forwards 1 minute in any playing media. DEFAULT BINDINGS: F, } seek_backward_minutes Seek backwards 1 minute in any playing media. DEFAULT BINDINGS: B, { media_next Play the next song in the playlist. DEFAULT BINDINGS: ) media_prev Play the previous song in the playlist. DEFAULT BINDINGS: ( volume_decrease Decrease the volume. DEFAULT BINDINGS: < volume_increase Increase the volume. DEFAULT BINDINGS: > toggle_forward Execute the next command from the toggle list specified by the provided register. DEFAULT BINDINGS: t toggle_backward Execute the previous command from the toggle list specified by the provided register. DEFAULT BINDINGS: T Some examples of using the above actions and keycodes to define the default keybdings are: bind paste_after p bind paste_before P bind scroll_up_halfpage Control u bind scroll_down_halfpage Control d CONFIGURATION FILE The configuration file loaded by vitunes is relatively straight-forward. Each line may be one of the following: • A comment, which starts with a '#'. • An empty line. • One of the commands from the RUN-TIME COMMANDS section above. That's it. As such, review the list of commands above. An example configuration file that would setup some hideous DOS-like col- ors is: # setup colors color bars=white,blue color player=yellow,blue color library=green,blue color playlist=white,blue color status=red,blue # format for playlist window display artist.20,album.20,title.20,track.4,year.4 # show most recent work of an artist first in library window sort artist,-year # make library window 20 columns wide and hide when not active set lwidth=20 set lhide=true FILES ~/.vitunes/vitunes.conf Default configuration file. This can be overridden with the [-f config-file] flag. ~/.vitunes/vitunes.db Default database file. This can be overridden with the [-d database-file] flag. ~/.vitunes/playlists/ Default playlist directory This can be overridden with the [-p playlist-dir] flag. /tmp/.vitunes Default location for the socket created on start-up that can be used to control vitunes. /usr/local/bin/mplayer Default path to the mplayer(1) binary. EXAMPLES To have the currently running vitunes load and play a playlist: $ vitunes -c `playlist SomePlaylist' -c media_play SEE ALSO mplayer(1), strftime(3), vi(1), vitunes-add(1), vitunes-addurl(1), vitunes-check(1), vitunes-flush(1), vitunes-init(1), vitunes-rm(1), vitunes-tag(1), vitunes-update(1) The vitunes website has additional information, such as a list of fre- quently asked questions, a mailing list, and up-to-date bug information. http://www.vitunes.org AUTHORS vitunes was written by Ryan Flannery<EMAIL_ADDRESS>BUGS None known. Send a detailed description to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>if any bug is found. BSD January 17, 2015 BSD


getting started with golang part 4
Lesson 26
package main
import "fmt"
type Vertex struct {
X int
Y int
}
func main() {
fmt.Println(Vertex{1, 2})
}
A struct is a collection of fields.
(And a type declaration does what you’d expect.)
STRUCT FIELDS can be accessed with dot notation
i.e. if v := Vertex{1,2} where v.X = 4, this will result in X = 4 and Y = 2
Lesson 28
package main
import "fmt"
type Vertex struct {
X int
Y int
}
func main() {
p := Vertex{1, 2}
q := &p
q.X = 1e9
fmt.Println(p)
}
Go has pointers, but no pointer arithmetic.
Struct fields can be accessed through a struct pointer. The indirection through the pointer is transparent.
NOTE: so the pointer q, which points to struct p assigns value X from pointer q with q.X to equal 1e9;
HOMEWORK: WHAT ARE POINTER ARITHMETIC?!
Lesson 29
package main
import "fmt"
type Vertex struct {
X, Y int
}
var (
p = Vertex{1, 2} // has type Vertex
q = &Vertex{1, 2} // has type *Vertex
r = Vertex{X: 1} // Y:0 is implicit
s = Vertex{} // X:0 and Y:0
)
func main() {
fmt.Println(p, q, r, s)
}
RETURNS: {1 2} &{1 2} {1 0} {0 0}
A struct literal denotes a newly allocated struct value by listing the values of its fields. You can list just a subset of fields by using the Name: syntax. (And the order of named fields is irrelevant.) The special prefix & constructs a pointer to a newly allocated struct.
NOTE: What happens when we declare p,q,r & s inside func main? - Return value is the same~
package main
import "fmt"
type Vertex struct {
X, Y int
}
var (
p = Vertex{1, 2} // has type Vertex
q = &Vertex{1, 2} // has type *Vertex
r = Vertex{X: 1} // Y:0 is implicit
s = Vertex{} // X:0 and Y:0
)
func main() {
p := Vertex{1, 3} // has type Vertex
q := &p
r := p
r.Y = 6 // Y:0 is implicit
s := Vertex{} // X:0 and Y:0
fmt.Println(p, q, r, s)
}
RETURNS: {1 3} &{1 3} {1 6} {0 0}
EXPLAINATION: p = type Vertex with X=1, Y=3 q = pointer pointing to p r = p r.Y = 6
Since r is not a pointer, our value of r.Y is changed to 6 unaffecting other pointers and p. however, if r := &p and r.Y = 6, then all associated values for p.Y is assigned 6.
Moving on
Lesson 30
package main
import "fmt"
type Vertex struct {
X, Y int
}
func main() {
v := new(Vertex)
fmt.Println(v)
v.X, v.Y = 11, 9
fmt.Println(v)
}
This prints &{0 0} &{11 9}
Why? - as v is new Vertex with implicit values set to 0… but why the ampersand notation?
REASON: The expression new(T) allocates a zeroed T value and returns a pointer to it.
var t *T = new(T)
or t := new(T)
Moving On
END OF PART 4: STRUCT


A Passionate Geek
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Develop Softwares for Humanity
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Passionate about Nature, Technology, Cosmos, Travelling, Gymnastics, Reading and Sports.
Varun Malhotra
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{% block analytics %} {% include "analytics.j2" %} {% endblock analytics %}


$def with (trainings)
This tool allows easy access to different trained models that will split any song into some instrument and rest parts. Either upload your own song or give us a YouTube link to process. YouTube links will take priority when both are entered.


**Expressive Vector Engine**
Bits related Functions
These functions provide scalar and SIMD version of bit operations. Bitwise operations are extended to work on any [value](../concepts.html#value) types by considering the masking operations to apply on the value bit patterns while retaining its original types.
For the two parameters operations which are truly bitwise operation on the whole input datas (i.e. excluding shifts)
or for `bit_not`,
there is no type nor cardinal restrictions between operands of bitwise function as long as their size in bytes are equal. This implies calls of such function on [real floating values](../concepts.html#ieee_value) are possible as long as they are performed with a second parameters of proper size.
The other one parameter operations, if not stated explicitely, are restricted to unsigned based values.
!!! WARNING
Notice that if a binary operator contains a negation as `bit_andnot`, the position of the negation
matches the position of the parameter: for example, `bit_andnot(x,y)` is semantically equivalent to `bit_and(x,bit_not(y))`
and often optimized.
The header `eve/function/bit.hpp` allows the inclusion of all bits related functions.
(insert ../../crumbs.html here)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**List of bits related functions:**
[`eve::bit_and`](bits/bit_and.html)
[`eve::bit_andnot`](bits/bit_andnot.html)
[`eve::bit_ceil`](bits/bit_ceil.html)
[`eve::bit_cast`](bits/bit_cast.html)
[`eve::firstbitset`](bits/firstbitset.html)
[`eve::firstbitunset`](bits/firstbitunset.html)
[`eve::bit_floor`](bits/bit_floor.html)
[`eve::is_pow2`](bits/is_pow2.html)
[`eve::bit_mask`](bits/bit_mask.html)
[`eve::bit_not`](bits/bit_not.html)
[`eve::bit_notand`](bits/bit_notand.html)
[`eve::bit_notor`](bits/bit_notor.html)
[`eve::bit_or`](bits/bit_or.html)
[`eve::bit_ornot`](bits/bit_ornot.html)
[`eve::bit_select`](bits/bit_select.html)
[`eve::bit_width`](bits/bit_width.html)
[`eve::bit_shl`](bits/bit_shl.html)
[`eve::bit_shr`](bits/bit_shr.html)
[`eve::bit_ternary`](bits/bit_ternary.html)
[`eve::bit_xor`](bits/bit_xor.html)
[`eve::countl_one`](bits/countl_one.html)
[`eve::countr_one`](bits/countr_one.html)
[`eve::countl_zero`](bits/countl_zero.html)
[`eve::countr_zero`](bits/countr_zero.html)
[`eve::next`](bits/next.html)
[`eve::prev`](bits/prev.html)
[`eve::popcount`](bits/popcount.html)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


QuickFIX will validate and reject any poorly formed messages before they can reach your application. An XML file defines what messages, fields, and values a session supports.
Several standard files are in included in the spec directory.
The skeleton of a definition file looks like this.
<fix type="FIX" major="4" minor="1"> <header> <field name="BeginString" required="Y"/> ... </header> <trailer> <field name="CheckSum" required="Y"/> ... </trailer> <messages> <message name="Heartbeat" msgtype="0" msgcat="admin"> <field name="TestReqID" required="N"/> </message> ... <message name="NewOrderSingle" msgtype="D" msgcat="app"> <field name="ClOrdID" required="Y"/> ... </message> ... </messages> <fields> <field number="1" name="Account" type="CHAR" /> ... <field number="4" name="AdvSide" type="CHAR"> <value enum="B" description="BUY" /> <value enum="S" description="SELL" /> <value enum="X" description="CROSS" /> <value enum="T" description="TRADE" /> </field> ... </fields> </fix>
The validator will not reject conditionally required fields because the rules for them are not clearly defined. Using a conditionally required field that is not preset will cause a message to be rejected.


Looking for an affordable supplement to a high deductible or health share program? an alternative to Obamacare? health insurance alternatives?
New SafeGuard Health (SGH) plans include 100% coverage for ACA mandated preventive services, office visits, and prescription drug programs.
Partnered with a provider network for lower out-of-pocket costs, your clients will find savings and value with safeguard health plans.
When it comes to our health, having flexible options allows us to live our best life. The benefits that come with SafeGuard Health can help offset the expenses members may incur on a High Deductible Health Plan (HDHP) or prior to meeting their Individual Sharing Amount (ISA) on a healthcare sharing program.
With 100% coverage for Affordable Care Act (ACA) preventive services, Primary Care Physician Office Visits, and a prescription drug benefit, SafeGuard Health provides supplemental benefits to help members manage the out-of-pocket costs that can quickly add up.
Plan Highlights:
Eligibility Requirements:
SGH plans are designed as an affordable supplement to a high deductible or healthcare sharing program. This may be the perfect option to help members save money and maximize their benefits.
When you choose SafeGuard Health Value they receive:
When you choose SafeGuard Health Preferred they receive:
When you choose SafeGuard Health Elite they receive:
Additional Information:


Class: Concurrent::Synchronization::Lock
- Inherits:
-
LockableObject
- Object
- LockableObject
- Concurrent::Synchronization::Lock
- Defined in:
- lib/concurrent/synchronization/lock.rb
Overview
TODO (pitr-ch 04-Dec-2016): should be in edge
Instance Method Summary collapse
- #broadcast ⇒ undocumented
- #signal ⇒ undocumented
- #wait(timeout = nil) ⇒ undocumented
- #wait_until(timeout = nil, &condition) ⇒ undocumented
Instance Method Details
#broadcast ⇒ undocumented
27 28 29 |
# File 'lib/concurrent/synchronization/lock.rb', line 27 def broadcast synchronize { ns_broadcast } end |
#signal ⇒ undocumented
21 22 23 |
# File 'lib/concurrent/synchronization/lock.rb', line 21 def signal synchronize { ns_signal } end |
#wait(timeout = nil) ⇒ undocumented
9 10 11 |
# File 'lib/concurrent/synchronization/lock.rb', line 9 def wait(timeout = nil) synchronize { ns_wait(timeout) } end |
#wait_until(timeout = nil, &condition) ⇒ undocumented
15 16 17 |
# File 'lib/concurrent/synchronization/lock.rb', line 15 def wait_until(timeout = nil, &condition) synchronize { ns_wait_until(timeout, &condition) } end |


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Perform Independent Component Analysis using the FastICA algorithm.
Note that FastICA is a batch-algorithm. This means that it needs
all input data before it can start and compute the ICs.
The algorithm is here given as a Node for convenience, but it
actually accumulates all inputs it receives. Remember that to avoid
running out of memory when you have many components and many time samples.


{% include head.html %}
{% include browser-upgrade.html %}
{% include header.html %}
I'm an independent graphic & web designer in Corpus Christi, Texas.
View my work,
or
contact me
to brainstorm about what we can create for your business.
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{% include footer.html %} {% include bottom-bar.html %} {% include animsition.html %}


Have a marvelous exprience from delivery to taste :)
Pizza Pan was founded in 2014.
Since then we have made a lot of improvements
including how fast we deliver our pizza and even added
new pizza flavours and choices for toppings depending
on your preference.
We're doing our best to provide the best pizzas in town :)
WE ARE SOCIAL


Behavior
The Graveler is endowed with a frivolous character. If danger crept up to him, then serious dismantlings await him.


PLANET SICK-BOY: http://www.sick-boy.com
A gorgeous-looking but uneven twist on Robin Hood, Plunkett & Macleane reunites two Trainspotting stars as criminals that rob from the rich, but keep the wealth for themselves rather than passing it along to the poor. The promising directorial debut from music video director Jake Scott brings to mind Baz Luhrmann's Romeo + Juliet – another pic that modernized (to an extent) a period piece. The script is a bit of a mess, but the film's astonishing look is more than enough to offset any story problems.
Set in 1748 London, the film opens with Captain James Macleane (Jonny Lee Miller, Hackers) en route to debtor's prison. His stagecoach crashes with another and, while crouching in the darkness, Macleane witnesses two shadowy figures rob the passengers.  As he lies there slowly dying, the lawmen press his wound in an attempt to procure the name of his accomplice. The wounded criminal doesn't finger his friend and Macleane watches as he is put out of his misery.
Several days later, the on-the-lam Macleane watches the outlaw's funeral from a distance and returns that night to dig up the body and fish the jewel out of the cadaver. But his grave-robbing is interrupted by the dead man's partner, who has returned to lay claim to the jewel. His name is Plunkett (Robert Carlyle, Ravenous) and, with his gun to Macleane's head, Plunkett makes him delve into the corpse's innards in a very disgusting-looking and sounding scene. They eventually surrender as authorities surround them and Plunkett swallows the oft-eaten jewel for safe keeping.
In New Gate Prison, we discover that Macleane is formerly of wealth but ended up in tattered clothes because of monstrous gambling debts. Plunkett approaches him with a plan – use the jewel to buy their way out of the clink and, once freed, join forces to rob the rich. Macleane agrees, but the two must wait until Plunkett passes their bauble, which eventually hits the metal pan with a satisfying "clang."
The plan includes reestablishing Macleane as a "gentleman" in local society as he stakes out the ritziest parties in town in an attempt to learn the most vulnerable rich folk to rob. He loses money gambling at these parties only to promise "I'll get ii back," which he does – and then some – as he and Plunkett hijack the mark's stagecoach on the way home. Macleane will even go so far as to copulate with disgusting richies and at one point gets a bad case of "the pox," an early venereal disease. Later, the men disrupt the heifer's wedding, robbing its opulent guests during a fantastic fireworks display in this great-looking scene.
As their escapades continue, their notoriety rises, as well as their reward for capture. Plunkett and Macleane even knock over an important figurehead in local government, who happens to be escorting his lovely young niece (Liv Tyler, Cookie's Fortune) for whom Macleane fall. Of interesting note, this is Tyler's second period piece that features characters drawing at ten paces. The other is the upcoming Ralph Fiennes film Onegin.
The picture's modern twist includes piercing, prominent cursing, widespread gambling and the use of modern music, which is a bit distracting at first, but as the film continues you realize that it's better than the typical harpsichord crap that would ordinarily accompany a frocky period piece like this. Critics will probably laugh this film off, but its fantastic looks – especially the nighttime robbery scenes – appear to be equal to that of the upcoming Sleepy Hollow (at least from what I've seen from the trailer). The hodgepodge script comes from five writers and the movie was filmed in three locations - London, Prague and Spain.
1:33 – for some strong violence, sexuality and language
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


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2015 to 2016 a {% if year8_left1 != "" %}
Leftover {% endif %}
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This directory contains modules containing general utilities and data structures, most of which has nothing to do with the implementation of a Haskell front-end. One exception is the module Unlit.
| Module | Purpose |
|---|---|
| MUtils | Thomas' misc utilities, defines some essential combinators, sadly missing from the Haskell 98 libraries |
| Lists | List functions missing from the Haskell 98 List module. |
| NewSCC | A function computing strongly connected components. (It is used in the module system and the type checker.) |
| UTF8 | Functions for dealing with the UTF-8 encoding of Unicode text, borrowed from HBC. Current Haskell implementations do not support Unicode very well... |
| UTF8Util | Additional UTF-8 utilities. |
| AbstractIO | Classes to abstract away from the monolithic IO monad. |
| Unlit | Implements the translation from literate style Haskell to normal Haskell source code. |
| ... | ... |


In Part I of The DevOps Handbook, we will explore how the convergence of several important movements in management and technology set the stage for the DevOps movement. We describe value streams, how DevOps is the result of applying Lean principles to the technology value stream, and the Three Ways: Flow, Feedback, and Continual Learning and Experimentation.
Primary focuses within these chapters include:
DevOps and its resulting technical, architectural, and cultural practices represent a convergence of many philosophical and management movements. While many organizations have developed these principles independently, understanding that DevOps resulted from a broad stroke of movements, a phenomenon described by John Willis (one of the co-authors of this book) as the “convergence of DevOps,” shows an amazing progression of thinking and improbable connections. There are decades of lessons learned from manufacturing, high reliability organization, high-trust management models, and others that have brought us to the DevOps practices we know today.
DevOps is the outcome of applying the most trusted principles from the domain of physical manufacturing and leadership to the IT value stream. DevOps relies on bodies of knowledge from Lean, Theory of Constraints, the Toyota Production System, resilience engineering, learning organizations, safety culture, human factors, and many others. Other valuable contexts that DevOps draws from include high-trust management cultures, servant leadership, and organizational change management. The result is world-class quality, reliability, stability, and security at ever lower cost and effort; and accelerated flow and reliability throughout the technology value stream, including Product Management, Development, QA, IT Operations, and Infosec.
While the foundation of DevOps can be seen as being derived from Lean, the Theory of Constraints, and the Toyota Kata movement, many also view DevOps as the logical continuation of the Agile software journey that began in 2001.
Techniques such as Value Stream Mapping, Kanban Boards, and Total Productive Maintenance were codified for the Toyota Production System in the 1980s. In 1997, the Lean Enterprise Institute started researching applications of Lean to other value streams, such as the service industry and healthcare.
Two of Lean’s major tenets include the deeply held belief that manufacturing lead time required to convert raw materials into finished goods was the best predictor of quality, customer satisfaction, and employee happiness, and that one of the best predictors of short lead times was small batch sizes of work.
Lean principles focus on how to create value for the customer through systems thinking by creating constancy of purpose, embracing scientific thinking, creating flow and pull (versus push), assuring quality at the source, leading with humility, and respecting every individual.
The Agile Manifesto was created in 2001 by seventeen of the leading thinkers in software development. They wanted to create a lightweight set of values and principles against heavyweight software development processes such as waterfall development, and methodologies such as the Rational Unified Process.
One key principle was to “deliver working software frequently, from a couple of weeks to a couple of months, with a preference to the shorter timescale,” emphasizing the desire for small batch sizes, incremental releases instead of large, waterfall releases. Other principles emphasized the need for small, self-motivated teams, working in a high-trust management model.
Agile is credited for dramatically increasing the productivity of many development organizations. And interestingly, many of the key moments in DevOps history also occurred within the Agile community or at Agile conferences, as described below.
At the 2008 Agile conference in Toronto, Canada, Patrick Debois and Andrew Schafer held a “birds of a feather” session on applying Agile principles to infrastructure as opposed to application code. Although they were the only people who showed up, they rapidly gained a following of like-minded thinkers, including co-author John Willis.
Later, at the 2009 Velocity conference, John Allspaw and Paul Hammond gave the seminal “10 Deploys per Day: Dev and Ops Cooperation at Flickr” presentation, where they described how they created shared goals between Dev and Ops and used continuous integration practices to make deployment part of everyone’s daily work. According to first hand accounts, everyone attending the presentation immediately knew they were in the presence of something profound and of historic significance.
Patrick Debois was not there, but was so excited by Allspaw and Hammond’s idea that he created the first DevOpsDays in Ghent, Belgium, (where he lived) in 2009. There the term “DevOps” was coined.
Building upon the development discipline of continuous build, test, and integration, Jez Humble and David Farley extended the concept to continuous delivery, which defined the role of a “deployment pipeline” to ensure that code and infrastructure are always in a deployable state, and that all code checked in to trunk can be safely deployed into production. This idea was first presented at the 2006 Agile conference, and was also independently developed in 2009 by Tim Fitz in a blog post on his website titled “Continuous Deployment.”¶¶
In 2009, Mike Rother wrote Toyota Kata: Managing People for Improvement, Adaptiveness and Superior Results, which framed his twenty-year journey to understand and codify the Toyota Production System. He had been one of the graduate students who flew with GM executives to visit Toyota plants and helped develop the Lean toolkit, but he was puzzled when none of the companies adopting these practices replicated the level of performance observed at the Toyota plants.
He concluded that the Lean community missed the most important practice of all, which he called the improvement kata. He explains that every organization has work routines, and the improvement kata requires creating structure for the daily, habitual practice of improvement work, because daily practice is what improves outcomes. The constant cycle of establishing desired future states, setting weekly target outcomes, and the continual improvement of daily work is what guided improvement at Toyota.
The above describes the history of DevOps and relevant movements that it draws upon. Throughout the rest of Part I, we look at value streams, how Lean principles can be applied to the technology value stream, and the Three Ways of Flow, Feedback, and Continual Learning and Experimentation.


Installation¶
After downloading Notion and unzipping, look in the Notion-x.x.x
folder (where x.x.x
is the version number). This folder contains the following items:
- Notion-x.x.x.jar
- The Jar file with the Notion classes and runtime files bundled.
- lib
- External Java libraries. Must be maintained in the same directory as
Notion-x.x.x.jar
because the main jar file references the libraries by a relative path. - Documentation
- Contains this documentation
- notion.yml
- A configuration file for Notion in YAML format.
The jar file and lib directory may be copied to any location as needed.
Running Notion¶
Configuration¶
Notion is configured through a YAML file. A starting configuration is included in the distribution. The Notion-specific sections are described below. Additional configuration options may be found at http://dropwizard.io/manual/configuration.html
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 | # Creates a web interface to the database, if set to a particular port.
dbWeb: 8084
# Database connection info
# For simplicity, Notion uses the Derby embedded database, see
# http://db.apache.org/derby/ for more information.
# The directory where the DB in installed is specified after the 'directory:'
# portion of the URL.
database:
driverClass: org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver
url: jdbc:derby:directory:NotionPACS/DB;create=true
validationQuery: "VALUES 1"
user:
password:
autoCommitByDefault: true
# Notion specific configuration. dicomPort is the port Notion uses to
notion:
# where to listen for incoming DICOM connections
dicomPort: 11117
# where to store images
imageDirectory: NotionPACS/Images
logging:
# The default level of all loggers. Can be OFF, ERROR, WARN, INFO, DEBUG, TRACE, or ALL.
level: ERROR
# Configure user authentication
shiro:
iniConfigs: ["classpath:shiro.ini"]
|
DB Web Interface¶
The dbWeb
option gives a port where Notion listens and shows a web interface to the embedded Derby database. If omitted, Notion does not specify the DB interface. More details are at DBWeb Interface.
Database¶
Notion requires the Derby embedded database, removing any external database dependancies. The directory where Derby stores the database is specified in the url
setting of the database
section. The directory is specified after the directory:
portion of the url
. Username
and password
are optional settings.
Notion¶
The Notion section specifies where notion listens for incoming DICOM communications (dicomPort
) and where image files are saved on disk (imageDirectory
). It is common to store images in the same directory as the Derby database.
Logging¶
The logging level of the entire application (including non-Notion components such as Derby) can be controlled in the logging
section of the configuration. See http://dropwizard.io/manual/core.html#logging for extensive documentation of logging.
User Authentication and Authorization – Shiro¶
Notion uses Shiro (http://shiro.apache.org/) a pluggable authorization and authentication package. Shiro enables Notion to authenticate against a diverse set of providers, including LDAP and Active Directory. Configuration of Shiro is somewhat outside the scope of this documentation, but covered briefly in Authentication and Authorization Configuration.


Test results
result
failed
number of cases
passed: 0 / failed: 2 / total: 2
start time
Sun May 08 01:36:23 JST 2011
end time
Sun May 08 01:39:38 JST 2011
suite result file
result
firefox/suite1_result.html
failed
piiexplore/suite1_result.html
failed


| 007:163 Khan | : |
And ask them (O Muhammad SAW) about the town that was by the sea, when they transgressed in the matter of the Sabbath (i.e. Saturday): when their fish came to them openly on the Sabbath day, and did not come to them on the day they had no Sabbath. Thus We made a trial of them for they used to rebel (see the Qur'an: V.4:154). |
| 007:163 Maulana | : |
And ask them about the town which stood by the sea. When they violated the Sabbath, when their fish came to them on their Sabbath day on the surface, and when it was not their Sabbath they came not to them. Thus did We try them because they transgressed. |
| 007:163 Pickthal | : |
Ask them (O Muhammad) of the township that was by the sea, how they did break the Sabbath, how their big fish came unto them visibly upon their Sabbath day and on a day when they did not keep Sabbath came they not unto them. Thus did We try them for that they were evil-livers. |
| 007:163 Rashad | : |
Remind them of the community by the sea, who desecrated the Sabbath. When they observed the Sabbath, the fish came to them abundantly. And when they violated the Sabbath, the fish did not come. We thus afflicted them, as a consequence of their transgression. |
| 007:163 Sarwar | : |
(Muhammad), ask them about the (people of the) towns on the seashore. They had transgressed by catching fish on the Sabbath. Each Sabbath the fish came openly within their reach but not so on other days. Thus, We were testing them because of their evil deeds. |
| 007:163 Shakir | : |
And ask them about the town which stood by the sea; when they exceeded the limits of the Sabbath, when their fish came to them on the day of their Sabbath, appearing on the surface of the water, and on the day on which they did not keep the Sabbath they did not come to them; thus did We try them because they transgressed. |
| 007:163 Sherali | : |
And ask them concerning the town which stood by the sea. When they profaned the Sabbath; when their fish came to them on their Sabbath day appearing on the surface of the water, but on the day when they did not keep the Sabbath, they came not to them. Thus did WE try them because they were rebellious. |
| 007:163 Yusufali | : |
Ask them concerning the town standing close by the sea. Behold! they transgressed in the matter of the Sabbath. For on the day of their Sabbath their fish did come to them, openly holding up their heads, but on the day they had no Sabbath, they came not: thus did We make a trial of them, for they were given to transgression. |
Concepts/Themes Covered: الإنسان والعلاقات الأخلاقية > الأخلاق الذميمة > الفسق Man and The Moral Relations>The Dispraised Morals>Impiety العلوم والفنون > الحقائق العلمية و الإشاة إلى وقائع أيدتهاالإكتشافات العلمية > البحر Science and Art> The Scientific Facts and the Indication to Facts which have been supported by the Scientific Discoveries>The Sea الديانات > بنو إسرائيل > أصحاب السبت Religions>Children of Israel>Al-Sabt(Saturday) People الديانات > بنو إسرائيل > معاندتهم و تكذيبهم و قتلهم الأنبياء Religions>Children of Israel> Their Opposition, their Denial and their Killing the Prophets
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


LEDs Driver - LUFA/Drivers/Board/LEDs.h
[Board Drivers]
Detailed Description
The following files must be built with any user project that uses this module:
Hardware LEDs driver. This provides an easy to use driver for the hardware LEDs present on many boards. It provides an interface to configure, test and change the status of all the board LEDs.
If the BOARD value is set to BOARD_USER, this will include the /Board/Dataflash.h file in the user project directory. Otherwise, it will include the appropriate built in board driver header file. If the BOARD value is set to BOARD_NONE, this driver is silently disabled.
- Note:
- To make code as compatible as possible, it is assumed that all boards carry a minimum of four LEDs. If a board contains less than four LEDs, the remaining LED masks are defined to 0 so as to have no effect. If other behaviour is desired, either alias the remaining LED masks to existing LED masks via the -D switch in the project makefile, or alias them to nothing in the makefile to cause compilation errors when a non-existing LED is referenced in application code. Note that this means that it is possible to make compatible code for a board with no LEDs by making a board LED driver (see Writing LUFA Board Drivers) which contains only stub functions and defines no LEDs.
Define Documentation
Function Documentation
| static void LEDs_ChangeLEDs |
( |
const uint8_t |
LEDMask, |
|
|
const uint8_t |
ActiveMask | |
|
) |
| | [inline, static] |
Turns off all LEDs in the LED mask that are not set in the active mask, and turns on all the LEDs specified in both the LED and active masks.
- Parameters:
-
| [in] | LEDMask | Mask of the board LEDs to manipulate (see board-specific LEDs.h driver file). |
| [in] | ActiveMask | Mask of whether the LEDs in the LED mask should be turned on or off. |
| static uint8_t LEDs_GetLEDs |
( |
void |
|
) |
[inline, static] |
Returns the status of all the board LEDs; set LED masks in the return value indicate that the corresponding LED is on.
- Returns:
- Mask of the board LEDs which are currently turned on.
| static void LEDs_Init |
( |
void |
|
) |
[inline, static] |
Initialises the board LED driver so that the LEDs can be controlled. This sets the appropriate port I/O pins as outputs, and sets the LEDs to default to off.
| static void LEDs_SetAllLEDs |
( |
const uint8_t |
LEDMask |
) |
[inline, static] |
Turns off all LEDs not specified in the given LED mask, and turns on all the LEDs in the given LED mask.
- Parameters:
-
| [in] | LEDMask | Mask of the board LEDs to manipulate (see board-specific LEDs.h driver file). |
| static void LEDs_ToggleLEDs |
( |
const uint8_t |
LEDMask |
) |
[inline, static] |
Toggles all LEDs in the LED mask, leaving all others in their current states.
- Parameters:
-
| [in] | LEDMask | Mask of the board LEDs to manipulate (see board-specific LEDs.h driver file). |
| static void LEDs_TurnOffLEDs |
( |
const uint8_t |
LEDMask |
) |
[inline, static] |
Turns off the LEDs specified in the given LED mask.
- Parameters:
-
| [in] | LEDMask | Mask of the board LEDs to manipulate (see board-specific LEDs.h driver file). |
| static void LEDs_TurnOnLEDs |
( |
const uint8_t |
LEDMask |
) |
[inline, static] |
Turns on the LEDs specified in the given LED mask.
- Parameters:
-
| [in] | LEDMask | Mask of the board LEDs to manipulate (see board-specific LEDs.h driver file). |


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Welcome to Yan's Tennis Club
Yan's Tennis Club is a family focused club with over 300+ members from local and surrounding areas. The club is great place to meet fellow tennis enthusiasts, located in Oakleigh
We offer fantastic facilities for tennis players of all standards with many opportunities for social play with friends and family, coaching and regular members club events -- there’s something for everyone!
Book a court
An online court booking and payment platform.
Membership
Membership models are changing - find out how you can use new membership types to attract new members to your club..


I have always had an interest in the latest technology and this has led to me building my own PC tailored for gaming and numerical simulations for my university projects. I always like upgrading the components so I have the best that technology has to offer.
I can play the clarinet up to a grade 5 and have taught myself how to play the basics of guitar and piano. I was a member of the school orchestra and choir where I performed regularly in concerts and assemblies. These performances improved my confidence and led to me earning a music award with the school.
I was a dedicated member of the scouting society from the age of 6 to 18. I have been the leader of scouting patrols through many hiking competitions and placed within the top 5 of the whole district for each one. This tested my ability to lead and work with a team and led to me earning a Jack Petchey award and the chief scouts gold award.
| Project Title | Date Completed |
|---|---|
| Fourth Year Individual Project: Impact of a Complex Terrain on a Wind Turbines Performance. 2016-2017 | May 2017 |
| Third Year Group Project: Radio Controlled Amphibious Pond and Waterway Manager Attachment. 2015-2016 | May 2016 |


Issue 5135:
Display window.postMessage() calls in console
Steps to follow
Open Firebug, enable the Console and Script panels.
Monitor "message" events sent to iframe on this page by
executing this expression on the command line:
monitorEvents($("iframe").contentWindow, "message")
You can modify a message send to the iframe:
Click this button to send the message to the iframe:
The Console panel should display an info about the message
message origin=http://legoas, data=test » Window iframe.html


Class Content
Content class.
public
|
|
protected
string
|
|
public
type
|
|
protected
string
|
#
_randomString( type $number = 32 )
This function provides a random string. By defualt the string is long 32 characters. |
public
boolean
|
#
uploadFile( type $inputfile, string $destfile = null )
This function is used to uplodad file in /uploads/YEAR/MONTH directory and to create Content record contextually. |
public
boolean
|
|
public
string
|
#
getPermittedFilename( type $directory, type $filename )
This function provides the correct filename for the creation of file systems. |
protected
integer
|
protected
type
|
$ContentTable
Using table |
#
'CmsContents'
|
public
type
|
$id
Contend unique id |
#
null
|
public
type
|
$type_id
Default type = page |
#
1
|
public
type
|
$status_id
Default type = draft |
#
1
|
public
type
|
$options
Content options |
#
[]
|


Iggy Azalea Was Home Alone During $300K Jewelry Heist
by Shirley JuIggy Azalea and Playboi Carti lost an insane amount of jewels during a robbery in Atlanta.
(AllHipHop News) Another day, another break-in.
This time, Iggy Azalea and boyfriend Playboi Carti’s home in Atlanta has been broken into and robbed.
Apparently, the lovebirds told the police that a ton of jewelry was stolen last weekend during a home invasion.
The Australian rapper says the thief found a way into the couple’s mansion a few days prior and left with a bunch of jewelry — $366,000 worth of bling.
Missing items included exclusive and custom rings, chains, bracelets, pendants, watches, earrings, and a diamond engagement ring.
The stolen booty consisted of a mix of gold, diamonds, silver and platinum jewels.
Iggy says she was alone inside her home when the robbers came in. She heard footsteps at the time but didn’t think much of it.
She also told the police it was raining so she left the back door unlocked so the “Magnolia” rapper could enter the house.
Cops currently have the footage with indicates the burglars leaving the property with a bag in their hand.


Welcome to Coho Cookies!
Store Throughput
New Coho Cookies Location
Store Name
Minimum Customers
Maximum Customers
Average Purchase
Store open time
Store close time
Submit


www - collection of html docs
http - protocol for communication
b - bold
em - italic
a - anchor (for making links)
img - image
br - break
p - paragraph
href
openTAG ATTR="value" contents closeTAG
lessThanSymbol src="url" alt="text" greaterThanSymbol - for images
For example: Click here to link to Yahoo.
span
div
For example: lessThanSymbol span class="foo" greaterThanSymbol
HTML, CSS, JavaScript - website languages
HTML - structure, CSS - style, JavaScript - interactive components
Scratchpad vs. CodePen vs. Sublime
DOM - Document Object Model (tree-like structure) made of boxes within boxes
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets with cascading being the most important part of the acronym. Cascading eliminates repetition which saves time and prevents typing errors when adding style to elements.
Some commonly used CSS Properties include (for text) text-align, color, font-family, font-size, font-weight, font-style, etc., and (for elements) background-color, border-radius, padding, margin, width, etc.


ABAE-PyTorch: github
Yet another PyTorch implementation of the model described in the paper
An Unsupervised Neural Attention Model for Aspect Extraction
by He, Ruidan and Lee, Wee Sun and Ng, Hwee Tou and Dahlmeier, Daniel, ACL2017.
keras: Generating Sentences from a Continuous Space:
github
Keras implementation of the LSTM variational autoencoder described in the paper
Generating Sentences from a Continuous Space by Samuel R. Bowman,
Luke Vilnis, Oriol Vinyals, Andrew M. Dai, Rafal Jozefowicz, Samy Bengio in 2015.
Doesn't follow the paper exactly, but the main ideas are implemented. A toy dataset is provided.
pytrovich: Python3 port of Petrovich:
github, pypi
A library that inflects Russian names to a given grammatical case. Supports first names, last names and middle names
inflections. Since version 0.0.2, gender detection is also available.
Glyphnet-PyTorch: github
Сracking Egyptologist's MNIST: PyTorch implementation of the Glyphnet model introduced in
"A Deep Learning Approach to Ancient
Egyptian Hieroglyphs Classification", Barucci et al., 2021.
A Python package that provides a convenient out-of-the-box way to access the mapping of
Gardiner's Sign List
codes to unicode IDs and generates hieroglyphs as images.
A Scala wrapper of the
Yandex.Mystem morphological analyzer
(early version by I. Segalovich and V. Titov is
described here).
A Python package providing efficient retrieval from the Russian part
of
ConceptNet 5.7 out-of-the-box. Open Source ODS Award 2020.
YSK-minimal-TGBot: github
A minimal Telegram bot decoding 30-second Russian speech recordings using Yandex Speech Kit. Requesting a few
access tokens (both from Telegram and Yandex) is required.
Hogweed: Ground-Level View: github
Non-aerial photographic images of Sosnowsky's hogweed, manually annotated for semantic segmentation.
Awesome Azeri NLP: github
A curated list of Azerbaijani language processing software, relevant datasets, etc.
Awesome Kyrgyz NLP: github
A curated list of Kyrgyz language processing software, relevant datasets, etc.
Apertium's List of Symbols: PDF
An A0 format poster with the tables copied from the
Apertium Project Wiki.
Apertium tags description: PDF
Apertium tags glossary translated into Russian where possible.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% load bootstrap3 tournament_extras %} {% block title %}About - {{ league.name }}{% endblock %} {% block content %}
Lichess leagues are a place for players to organize long chess games on lichess.org.
The leagues are managed by volunteer moderators. We use Slack as our main form of communication.
We aren't officially associated with lichess.org but we do collaborate with lichess developers.
Visit the league home pages for more information about each league.
Lichess4545.com is an open source project. Find us on Github.


Definition
Faculty of the mind by which information is encoded, stored and retrieved.
Life is all memory, except for the one present moment that goes by you so quickly you hardly catch it going.
- Tennessee Williams
Mental time travelers
Remembering and planning involve the same brain structures
Mindfulness and Learning Study Mrazek et al, 2013
- Group 1: 2-week mindfulness class, Group 2: Nutrition class
- Question: Can mindfulness improve academic performance?
Better GRE score and better working memory.
Mindfulness Memory Study Brown et al, 2016
Question: Does mindfulness-based meditation improve recognition and recall?
- Higher mindfulness scores (no training) related to better memory.
- Brief training in focused attention form of mindfulness training improves recognition and free recall.
Mindfulness Induction Study (Wilson et al 2015)
- 150 undergraduates
- Assigned to 15 minutes of mindfulness vs 15 minutes of mind-wandering
- "Because mindfulness meditation encourages judgment-free thoughts and feelings, we predicted that participants in the mindfulness condition would be especially likely to form false memories."
Practice mindfulness meditation for:
- Better academic performance
- Better memory
- But beware: higher suceptibility for false memories?


So, I was talking about posting an image and the link of that image is:
{!! Form::text('post_photo_link',null, array('class'=>'dash_input','placeholder'=>'Image link','id'=>'post_photo_link')) !!}
and plz add
{!! Form::text('post_photo_caption',null, array('class'=>'dash_input','placeholder'=>'any caption for image','id'=>'post_photo_caption')) !!}
this caption with that image. O, totally forgot about one more thing, hashtags. Plz add these hashtags
{!! Form::text('post_photo_hashtag',null, array('class'=>'dash_input','placeholder'=>'hashtags, separated by commas','id'=>'post_photo_hashtag')) !!}
. By the way, you should post these images on:


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Product Name
Action


Who's next? New Zealand Rugby invites 26 Kiwis to replace Steve Hansen for All Blacks coach
by Online EditorsBy Christopher Reive, NZ Herald
When it comes to selecting a new All Blacks head coach, he won’t be an individual the selection panel will be looking at.
New Zealand Rugby has invited 26 Kiwi coaches to apply for the vacant role as All Blacks head coach, asking those invited to bring their team of supporting coaches into the process with them.
NZR chairperson Brett Impey said NZR wrote to a number of coaches directly asking them to apply for roles with the national team, with a five-person panel to ultimately make the selection.
Continue reading below…
Alongside Impey on the panel will be former All Blacks coach Sir Graham Henry, NZR Chief Executive Mark Robinson, NZR Head of High Performance Mike Anthony and former Silver Ferns Coach and High Performance Sport New Zealand director, Waimarama Taumaunu. Outgoing NZR boss Steve Tew elected not to be on the panel.
“We have made it clear that anybody who gets into this process, come along with your team,” Impey said. “Whether it’s your scrum coach, your backs coach, your defence coach, whatever it is we want to see a team going forward.
“Those 26 candidates know what we’ve been saying so we’re expecting that in the applications.”
“This is high performance. You’ve got to get the best; the very, very best. Our standards are very high. We believe our team has to be the best it possibly can.”
The coaching team is set for a shake up after head coach Steve Hansen stepped down following the side’s Rugby World Cup campaign.
Impey said Japan coach Jamie Joseph was among the list of candidates for the role, with Tony Brown already confirming he would be staying within Joseph’s team going forward, however outgoing Ireland coach Joe Schmidt is not expected to enter the running for the role despite moving back to New Zealand. Schmidt has indicated his desire to step away from coaching for the time being for family reasons.
When asked if NZR would consider applicants outside of the 26 invited, Impey said they believed they have indicated everyone they believed was capable of the job.
“The simple answer beyond the 26 – no,” Impey said.
“This is a specialist job. You don’t put an ad up on Seek to try find the next All Blacks coach. All of them have been in our process from time to time. Some have coached overseas for a longer period, others for a shorter period, but we have communicated with all of them recently to let them know what the process is in inviting them to come forward.”
New Zealand Rugby expects to know which coaches are in the running for the job before the end of the month, with interviews to be conducted in early December with the hope of announcing a new coach this side of Christmas.
“The All Blacks aren’t coming together again until the end of Super Rugby next year we do have time on our side.
“So we have a best target, which is Christmas, but we’ve left ourselves some wriggle room.”
This article first appeared on nzherald.co.nz and was republished with permission.
In other news:


| Vendor Name: | Lord Realty General Partnership |
|---|---|
| Reference Number: | 06002-00-0069 |
| Contract Date: | 2014-08-25 |
| Description of Work: | 0630 - Office Buildings |
| Contract Period: | 2014-08-25 to 2014-10-31 |
| Contract Value: | $15,599.46 |
| Comments: | This contract was sole-sourced. |


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Cycling in Tuscany
Bike on quiet roads over rolling hills through the heart of Tuscany. Perhaps stopping for a long lunch at a local vineyard, medieval town or just a roadside field where you can kick back and enjoy an afternoon snooze. Gorgeous golden hillsides, rich artistic heritage, gentle biking paths and great food and wine at the end of a day’s cycing make this tour a perfect mix of what makes Tuscany great.
Choose the best cycling in Tuscany tour for you; from cycling Tuscany: San Gimignano and Chianti, Venice to Florence or Pisa to Florence, our tours are sure to offer an authentic italian experience on two wheels. With our wide range of cycling tours in Italy, we are sure you will be returning again soon.