public class EventHandler extends Object implements InvocationHandler
EventHandler
class provides
support for dynamically generating event listeners whose methods
execute a simple statement involving an incoming event object
and a target object.
The EventHandler
class is intended to be used by interactive tools, such as
application builders, that allow developers to make connections between
beans. Typically connections are made from a user interface bean
(the event source)
to an application logic bean (the target). The most effective
connections of this kind isolate the application logic from the user
interface. For example, the EventHandler
for a
connection from a JCheckBox
to a method
that accepts a boolean value can deal with extracting the state
of the check box and passing it directly to the method so that
the method is isolated from the user interface layer.
Inner classes are another, more general way to handle events from
user interfaces. The EventHandler
class
handles only a subset of what is possible using inner
classes. However, EventHandler
works better
with the long-term persistence scheme than inner classes.
Also, using EventHandler
in large applications in
which the same interface is implemented many times can
reduce the disk and memory footprint of the application.
The reason that listeners created with EventHandler
have such a small
footprint is that the Proxy
class, on which
the EventHandler
relies, shares implementations
of identical
interfaces. For example, if you use
the EventHandler
create
methods to make
all the ActionListener
s in an application,
all the action listeners will be instances of a single class
(one created by the Proxy
class).
In general, listeners based on
the Proxy
class require one listener class
to be created per listener type (interface),
whereas the inner class
approach requires one class to be created per listener
(object that implements the interface).
You don't generally deal directly with EventHandler
instances.
Instead, you use one of the EventHandler
create
methods to create
an object that implements a given listener interface.
This listener object uses an EventHandler
object
behind the scenes to encapsulate information about the
event, the object to be sent a message when the event occurs,
the message (method) to be sent, and any argument
to the method.
The following section gives examples of how to create listener
objects using the create
methods.
EventHandler
is to install
a listener that calls a method on the target object with no arguments.
In the following example we create an ActionListener
that invokes the toFront
method on an instance
of javax.swing.JFrame
.
WhenmyButton.addActionListener( (ActionListener)EventHandler.create(ActionListener.class, frame, "toFront"));
myButton
is pressed, the statement
frame.toFront()
will be executed. One could get
the same effect, with some additional compile-time type safety,
by defining a new implementation of the ActionListener
interface and adding an instance of it to the button:
The next simplest use of//Equivalent code using an inner class instead of EventHandler. myButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { frame.toFront(); } });
EventHandler
is
to extract a property value from the first argument
of the method in the listener interface (typically an event object)
and use it to set the value of a property in the target object.
In the following example we create an ActionListener
that
sets the nextFocusableComponent
property of the target
(myButton) object to the value of the "source" property of the event.
This would correspond to the following inner class implementation:EventHandler.create(ActionListener.class, myButton, "nextFocusableComponent", "source")
It's also possible to create an//Equivalent code using an inner class instead of EventHandler. new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { myButton.setNextFocusableComponent((Component)e.getSource()); } }
EventHandler
that
just passes the incoming event object to the target's action.
If the fourth EventHandler.create
argument is
an empty string, then the event is just passed along:
This would correspond to the following inner class implementation:EventHandler.create(ActionListener.class, target, "doActionEvent", "")
Probably the most common use of//Equivalent code using an inner class instead of EventHandler. new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { target.doActionEvent(e); } }
EventHandler
is to extract a property value from the
source of the event object and set this value as
the value of a property of the target object.
In the following example we create an ActionListener
that
sets the "label" property of the target
object to the value of the "text" property of the
source (the value of the "source" property) of the event.
This would correspond to the following inner class implementation:EventHandler.create(ActionListener.class, myButton, "label", "source.text")
The event property may be "qualified" with an arbitrary number of property prefixes delimited with the "." character. The "qualifying" names that appear before the "." characters are taken as the names of properties that should be applied, left-most first, to the event object.//Equivalent code using an inner class instead of EventHandler. new ActionListener { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { myButton.setLabel(((JTextField)e.getSource()).getText()); } }
For example, the following action listener
might be written as the following inner class (assuming all the properties had canonical getter methods and returned the appropriate types):EventHandler.create(ActionListener.class, target, "a", "b.c.d")
The target property may also be "qualified" with an arbitrary number of property prefixs delimited with the "." character. For example, the following action listener://Equivalent code using an inner class instead of EventHandler. new ActionListener { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { target.setA(e.getB().getC().isD()); } }
EventHandler.create(ActionListener.class, target, "a.b", "c.d")might be written as the following inner class (assuming all the properties had canonical getter methods and returned the appropriate types):
//Equivalent code using an inner class instead of EventHandler. new ActionListener { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { target.getA().setB(e.getC().isD()); } }
As EventHandler
ultimately relies on reflection to invoke
a method we recommend against targeting an overloaded method. For example,
if the target is an instance of the class MyTarget
which is
defined as:
public class MyTarget { public void doIt(String); public void doIt(Object); }Then the method
doIt
is overloaded. EventHandler will invoke
the method that is appropriate based on the source. If the source is
null, then either method is appropriate and the one that is invoked is
undefined. For that reason we recommend against targeting overloaded
methods.Proxy
,
EventObject
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
EventHandler(Object target,
String action,
String eventPropertyName,
String listenerMethodName)
Creates a new
EventHandler object;
you generally use one of the create methods
instead of invoking this constructor directly. |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
static <T> T |
create(Class<T> listenerInterface,
Object target,
String action)
Creates an implementation of
listenerInterface in which
all of the methods in the listener interface apply
the handler's action to the target . |
static <T> T |
create(Class<T> listenerInterface,
Object target,
String action,
String eventPropertyName)
/**
Creates an implementation of
listenerInterface in which
all of the methods pass the value of the event
expression, eventPropertyName , to the final method in the
statement, action , which is applied to the target . |
static <T> T |
create(Class<T> listenerInterface,
Object target,
String action,
String eventPropertyName,
String listenerMethodName)
Creates an implementation of
listenerInterface in which
the method named listenerMethodName
passes the value of the event expression, eventPropertyName ,
to the final method in the statement, action , which
is applied to the target . |
String |
getAction()
Returns the name of the target's writable property
that this event handler will set,
or the name of the method that this event handler
will invoke on the target.
|
String |
getEventPropertyName()
Returns the property of the event that should be
used in the action applied to the target.
|
String |
getListenerMethodName()
Returns the name of the method that will trigger the action.
|
Object |
getTarget()
Returns the object to which this event handler will send a message.
|
Object |
invoke(Object proxy,
Method method,
Object[] arguments)
Extract the appropriate property value from the event and
pass it to the action associated with
this
EventHandler . |
@ConstructorProperties(value={"target","action","eventPropertyName","listenerMethodName"}) public EventHandler(Object target, String action, String eventPropertyName, String listenerMethodName)
EventHandler
object;
you generally use one of the create
methods
instead of invoking this constructor directly. Refer to
the general version of create
for a complete description of
the eventPropertyName
and listenerMethodName
parameter.target
- the object that will perform the actionaction
- the name of a (possibly qualified) property or method on
the targeteventPropertyName
- the (possibly qualified) name of a readable property of the incoming eventlistenerMethodName
- the name of the method in the listener interface that should trigger the actionNullPointerException
- if target
is nullNullPointerException
- if action
is nullEventHandler
,
create(Class, Object, String, String, String)
,
getTarget()
,
getAction()
,
getEventPropertyName()
,
getListenerMethodName()
public Object getTarget()
EventHandler(Object, String, String, String)
public String getAction()
EventHandler(Object, String, String, String)
public String getEventPropertyName()
EventHandler(Object, String, String, String)
public String getListenerMethodName()
null
signifies that all methods in the
listener interface trigger the action.EventHandler(Object, String, String, String)
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] arguments)
EventHandler
.invoke
in interface InvocationHandler
proxy
- the proxy objectmethod
- the method in the listener interfacearguments
- an array of objects containing the values of the
arguments passed in the method invocation on the proxy instance,
or null
if interface method takes no arguments.
Arguments of primitive types are wrapped in instances of the
appropriate primitive wrapper class, such as
java.lang.Integer
or java.lang.Boolean
.EventHandler
public static <T> T create(Class<T> listenerInterface, Object target, String action)
listenerInterface
in which
all of the methods in the listener interface apply
the handler's action
to the target
. This
method is implemented by calling the other, more general,
implementation of the create
method with both
the eventPropertyName
and the listenerMethodName
taking the value null
. Refer to
the general version of create
for a complete description of
the action
parameter.
To create an ActionListener
that shows a
JDialog
with dialog.show()
,
one can write:
EventHandler.create(ActionListener.class, dialog, "show")
T
- the type to createlistenerInterface
- the listener interface to create a proxy fortarget
- the object that will perform the actionaction
- the name of a (possibly qualified) property or method on
the targetlistenerInterface
NullPointerException
- if listenerInterface
is nullNullPointerException
- if target
is nullNullPointerException
- if action
is nullcreate(Class, Object, String, String)
public static <T> T create(Class<T> listenerInterface, Object target, String action, String eventPropertyName)
listenerInterface
in which
all of the methods pass the value of the event
expression, eventPropertyName
, to the final method in the
statement, action
, which is applied to the target
.
This method is implemented by calling the
more general, implementation of the create
method with
the listenerMethodName
taking the value null
.
Refer to
the general version of create
for a complete description of
the action
and eventPropertyName
parameters.
To create an ActionListener
that sets the
the text of a JLabel
to the text value of
the JTextField
source of the incoming event,
you can use the following code:
This is equivalent to the following code:EventHandler.create(ActionListener.class, label, "text", "source.text");
//Equivalent code using an inner class instead of EventHandler. new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { label.setText(((JTextField)(event.getSource())).getText()); } };
T
- the type to createlistenerInterface
- the listener interface to create a proxy fortarget
- the object that will perform the actionaction
- the name of a (possibly qualified) property or method on
the targeteventPropertyName
- the (possibly qualified) name of a readable property of the incoming eventlistenerInterface
NullPointerException
- if listenerInterface
is nullNullPointerException
- if target
is nullNullPointerException
- if action
is nullcreate(Class, Object, String, String, String)
public static <T> T create(Class<T> listenerInterface, Object target, String action, String eventPropertyName, String listenerMethodName)
listenerInterface
in which
the method named listenerMethodName
passes the value of the event expression, eventPropertyName
,
to the final method in the statement, action
, which
is applied to the target
. All of the other listener
methods do nothing.
The eventPropertyName
string is used to extract a value
from the incoming event object that is passed to the target
method. The common case is the target method takes no arguments, in
which case a value of null should be used for the
eventPropertyName
. Alternatively if you want
the incoming event object passed directly to the target method use
the empty string.
The format of the eventPropertyName
string is a sequence of
methods or properties where each method or
property is applied to the value returned by the preceding method
starting from the incoming event object.
The syntax is: propertyName{.propertyName}*
where propertyName
matches a method or
property. For example, to extract the point
property from a MouseEvent
, you could use either
"point"
or "getPoint"
as the
eventPropertyName
. To extract the "text" property from
a MouseEvent
with a JLabel
source use any
of the following as eventPropertyName
:
"source.text"
,
"getSource.text"
"getSource.getText"
or
"source.getText"
. If a method can not be found, or an
exception is generated as part of invoking a method a
RuntimeException
will be thrown at dispatch time. For
example, if the incoming event object is null, and
eventPropertyName
is non-null and not empty, a
RuntimeException
will be thrown.
The action
argument is of the same format as the
eventPropertyName
argument where the last property name
identifies either a method name or writable property.
If the listenerMethodName
is null
all methods in the interface trigger the action
to be
executed on the target
.
For example, to create a MouseListener
that sets the target
object's origin
property to the incoming MouseEvent
's
location (that's the value of mouseEvent.getPoint()
) each
time a mouse button is pressed, one would write:
This is comparable to writing aEventHandler.create(MouseListener.class, target, "origin", "point", "mousePressed");
MouseListener
in which all
of the methods except mousePressed
are no-ops:
//Equivalent code using an inner class instead of EventHandler. new MouseAdapter() { public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) { target.setOrigin(e.getPoint()); } };
T
- the type to createlistenerInterface
- the listener interface to create a proxy fortarget
- the object that will perform the actionaction
- the name of a (possibly qualified) property or method on
the targeteventPropertyName
- the (possibly qualified) name of a readable property of the incoming eventlistenerMethodName
- the name of the method in the listener interface that should trigger the actionlistenerInterface
NullPointerException
- if listenerInterface
is nullNullPointerException
- if target
is nullNullPointerException
- if action
is nullEventHandler
Dracula Javadoc Sample, Made with Allan Im.


All of the code for managing PCI interrupts is available in the FreeBSD source tree [3]. The code is split into roughly two parts. First, the code to manage interrupt routing and MSI is contained in the kernel. Second, the code for various utilities to dump interrupt routing tables is contained in userland sources. All of the interrupt routing code and related utilities can be found in FreeBSD 5.2 and later. The MSI code as well as the update to pciconf to display PCI capabilities was added to FreeBSD after FreeBSD 6.2 and will be present in both FreeBSD 6.3 and FreeBSD 7.0.
The PCI-PCI bridge driver is found in src/sys/dev/pci/pci_pci.c. Among other things, this driver contains the code to use the PCI-PCI bridge swizzle to route interrupts across PCI-PCI bridges in add-in cards.
The $PIR interrupt routing code is found in src/sys/i386/include/pc/bios.h and src/sys/i386/pci/pci_pir.c. The source for the pirtool utility is found in the src/tools/tools/pirtool directory.
The MP Table interrupt routing code is present for both amd64 and i386. For amd64 it is found in src/sys/amd64/include/mptable.h, src/sys/amd64/amd64/mptable.c, and src/sys/amd64/amd64/mptable_pci.c. The i386 code is found in the same files but under src/sys/i386. The source for the mptable(8) utility is found in the src/usr.sbin/mptable directory.
The ACPI interrupt routing code is all found in the src/sys/dev/acpica directory. The acpi_pci_link.c file contains the device driver for PCI interrupt link devices. The acpi_pcib.c file contains the code to parse _PRT tables. It will call the PCI interrupt link code when a PCI interrupt is attached to a link device. The source for the acpidump utility is found in the src/usr.sbin/acpi/acpidump utility.
The machine independent code for MSI support is found in src/sys/dev/pci/pci.c and src/sys/dev/pci/pci_pci.c. The MSI support for amd64 and i386 is found in src/sys/amd64/amd64/msi.c and src/sys/i386/i386/msi.c, respectively. The source for the pciconf utility is found in the src/usr.sbin/pciconf directory, with the code to parse PCI capabilities in cap.c.


| Class | ActiveScaffold::DataStructures::Columns |
| In: |
vendor/plugins/active_scaffold/lib/data_structures/columns.rb
|
| Parent: | Object |
| _inheritable | [RW] |
The motivation for this collection is that this Columns data structure fills two roles: it provides
the master list of all known columns, and it provides an inheritable list
for all other actions (e.g. Create and Update and List). Well we actually
want to know about as many columns as possible, so we don‘t
want people actually removing columns from @set. But at the same time, we
want to be able to manage which columns get inherited. Tada!
This collection is referenced by other parts of ActiveScaffold and by methods within this DataStructure. IT IS NOT MEANT FOR PUBLIC USE (but if you know what you‘re doing, go ahead) |
| active_record_class | [R] | This accessor is used by ActionColumns to create new Column objects without adding them to this set |
the way to add columns to the set. this is primarily useful for virtual columns. note that this also makes columns inheritable


Curriculum Vitae
Find below my Curriculum Vitae. Note that my personal info is left out, for privacy reasons. Last updated in June 2017.
Education
Sept '16 - present
Master of Science, Geo-information Science
Wageningen University and Research Centre
Sept '12 - May '16
Bachelor of Science, Earth, Water, Atmospheree
Wageningen University and Research centre
Bachelorthesis: ‘Spatial Grain Size Sorting in the Sand-Bed Kapuas River Delta’ (7.5/10)
Sept ‘06 – Jun ‘12
Pre-university education (VWO)
Emelwerda College, Emmeloord
Nature and Technique
Working Experience
Nov ‘16 – Mar ’16
Student assistant in the course ‘Introduction to Geo-Information Sciences’ (24 h/w)
Wageningen University and Research Centre
Assisted students during computer practicals.
May ‘09 – Jan ‘16
Allround agricultural worker (8 h/w)
Goossens Flevplant
Work in the field (e.g. monitoring diseases in plants) as well as in the warehouse (e.g. preparing orders). Driving the forklift was an important part of my job.
May ‘08 – Mar ‘09
Greenhouse worker (8 h/w)
Green Shield
All sorts of work (e.g. weeding).
Extracurriculur Activities
Oct ‘15 – Present
Treasurer Ultimate Frisbee association Wageningen (4 h/w)
Student sport association WAF
Treasure the budget and all financial activities of the association.
Nov ‘13 - Nov ‘14
Secretary ‘Meeloopdag commissie Bodem Water Atmosfeer’ (4 h/w)
Study association Pyrus
Organize ‘Student for a Day’-days, show potential future students what my bachelor and studying at the WUR is about/like, make minutes during meetings.
Skills
Languages
Dutch native
English fluent
German intermediate (reading); basic (writing speaking)
Software Skills
Professional experience with ArcGIS software package.
Professional knowledge of R, Phyton, Java and GitHub.
Sufficient knowledge of HTML and CSS.
See also other parts of website.
Hobbies
Playing Ultimate Frisbee (teamsport).
Playing guitar/clarinet/piano.
Listening music from my vinyl records.


Gateway
BOT
27-Sep-18 10:44 AM
[dscrdvrsc] <stretcher83> @Cragorn might know
[dscrdvrsc] <stretcher83>
[dscrdvrsc] <stretcher83> Yeh keep that day job for now
[dscrdvrsc] <ChrisC30a> Bye bye Lambo
[dscrdvrsc] <Cragorn> With only 10MH/s you would most likely get even one block per year now.
[dscrdvrsc] <ChrisC30a> I have another couple of rigs, I have been in from early days so believe I do have some valise coins, how do I validate them and move them across?
[dscrdvrsc] <ChrisC30a> *valid coins
[dscrdvrsc] <Cragorn> Make sure to backup your wallet.dat file. Then install latest wallet and resync. Then hopefully your coins from the right chain should be there. The coins from fork will be gone.
[dscrdvrsc] <stretcher83> I remember you bud from the early days
[dscrdvrsc] <ChrisC30a> Ok great thanks, I’ll report in.
I believe it was yourself who suggested I check the coin out
[dscrdvrsc] <stretcher83>
[dscrdvrsc] <ChrisC30a> I would have taken you for a ride around silverstone in my lambo
[dscrdvrsc] <stretcher83> Shame $100,000 would have been very nice indeed
[dscrdvrsc] <stretcher83> We have got a cpu miner for pools now its called nheqminer it might give you a slight boost in mh/s aswell
[dscrdvrsc] <stretcher83> Theres also a nvidia gpu miner for the pools aswell
[dscrdvrsc] <ChrisC30a> Nice... I do have multiple rigs
[dscrdvrsc] <stretcher83> Thats what iv been using
[dscrdvrsc] <ChrisC30a> How do I join a pool?
[dscrdvrsc] <stretcher83> Check out the #mining section and the #pools section,
[dscrdvrsc] <stretcher83> Loads of good info
[dscrdvrsc] <stretcher83> I think there is 4 or 5 pools now, im using the xyz pool by @0x03 (veruspool.xyz)
[dscrdvrsc] <stretcher83> Iv got to nip out on the school run so when i get back i can help you out some more if you need it
[dscrdvrsc] <0x03 (veruspool.xyz)> as usual, new users should always choose the one with the least hashrate currently
(edited)
[dscrdvrsc] <stretcher83> Good advice
[dscrdvrsc] <ChrisC30a> Great thanks
[dscrdvrsc] <0x03 (veruspool.xyz)> in unrelated news, having discord turn :-) into something that looks like :D is ridiculous.
[dscrdvrsc] <ChrisC30a> I’m having problems opening 0.3.13
[dscrdvrsc] <0x03 (veruspool.xyz)> give details
[dscrdvrsc] <ChrisC30a> Under shortcut and native mode I select vrsc and it goes back to select and doesn’t load
[dscrdvrsc] <ChrisC30a> That’s after upgrading from the earlier app
[dscrdvrsc] <0x03 (veruspool.xyz)> does agama also put a debug.log somewhere?
[dscrdvrsc] <0x03 (veruspool.xyz)> i'd assume if it does, that could contain hints as to whats happening
(edited)
[dscrdvrsc] <0x03 (veruspool.xyz)> thats the top end of the file, new lines will be in the end of it (if thats a less, hitting shift-g should do the trick)
(edited)
[dscrdvrsc] <stretcher83> When you first open agama you probably need to select activate coin first and download the files needed then after that restart agama and then choose vrsc in the native mode drop down box
[dscrdvrsc] <stretcher83> I think its called a reindex
[dscrdvrsc] <ChrisC30a> Ok will do
[dscrdvrsc] <stretcher83> There is better instructions in the #faq-chosen section
[dscrdvrsc] <stretcher83> Iv really got to go out now , good luck @ChrisC30a
[dscrdvrsc] <stretcher83> Faq 20 I believe
[dscrdvrsc] <ChrisC30a> Cool thanks


ATI
Section: Devices and Network Interfaces (4)Updated: xf86-video-ati 6.14.2
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
ati - ATI video driverSYNOPSIS
Section N'34'DeviceN'34' Identifier N'34'devnameN'34' Driver N'34'atiN'34' ... EndSection
DESCRIPTION
ati is an Xorg wrapper driver for ATI video cards. It autodetects whether your hardware has a Radeon, Rage 128, or Mach64 or earlier class of chipset, and loads the radeon(4), r128(4), or mach64 driver as appropriate.SUPPORTED HARDWARE
The ati driver supports Radeon, Rage 128, and Mach64 and earlier chipsets by loading those drivers. See those manpages for specific cards supported.CONFIGURATION DETAILS
Please refer to xorg.conf(5) for general configuration details, and the specific card driver for driver configuration details.SEE ALSO
Xorg(1), xorg.conf(5), Xserver(1), X(7), r128(4), radeon(4)AUTHORS
See the individual driver pages for authors.
Index
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:33:53 GMT, December 24, 2015


After Sexual Harassment Allegations, Anu Malik Steps Down as Judge From Idian Idol 11
Anu Malik steps down as judge from Indian Idol 11.
Music composer Anu Malik has stepped down as judge from the ongoing season 11 of “Indian Idol”, after growing outcry against him over allegations of sexual harassment that were leveled by singer Sona Mohapatra.
On Thursday, a source at Sony TV, the channel that airs the show, confirmed to IANS that Malik “is stepping down as a judge from Indian Idol”.
It all started when, in 2018, Mohapatra had for the first time called out Malik’s name, alleging sexual misconduct, which forced the composer to step down from season 10 of the show last year. Singers such as Neha Bhasin and Shweta Pandit had also joined Mohapatra in alleging sexual harassment against Malik.
However, when Sony TV reinstated Malik on season 11 this year, Mohapatra restarted her campaign against the composer and the channel.
Over the past days, she has mustered huge support on social media, and people have increasingly been demanding Malik’s removal from the show.
A few days ago, Anu took to social media and claimed “false and unverified allegations” were being leveled against him. He said that he was “in pain” and “in a dark space”, demanding justice.
For breaking news and live news updates, like us on Facebook or follow us on Twitter and Instagram. Read more on Entertainment Latest News on India.com.
Story Timeline
- 19 Nov 2019 Tanushree Dutta Slams Neha Kakkar For Working With Anu Malik And Not Taking Action Against Contestant Who Forc...
- 14 Nov 2019 #MeToo: Anu Malik Denies Sexual Misconduct Allegations, Threatens Legal Action
- 01 Nov 2019 Sona Mohapatra Clarifies Her Tweet For Tendulkar After Questioning #MeToo Accused Anu Malik's Entry in Indian ...
Comments - Join the Discussion


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Simply enter rephotographed image id below and click Check!.
Make sure it's the right image then click on the second
button to upload the image to Commons, complete with source
and attribution and uploaded using your Wikimedia username.
You need a Wikimedia Commons account and to have
authorized
OAuth Uploader for this tool to work.
Note that only rephotographs can be uploaded to commons.
Don't forget to go to the Commons image afterwards
and add categories.


Emergent rewrites in knot theory and logic
I explain in what sense new graph rewrite systems emerge from given ones, with two examples:
- the emergence of the R3 (Reidemeister 3) rewrite from R1, R2 and some uniform continuity assumptions, and relations to curvature,
- the emergence of the beta rewrite in lambda calculus from the shuffle rewrite and relations to the commutativity of the addition of vectors in the tangent space of a manifold
From sub-riemannian geometry to emergent algebras
A riemannian manifold (X,g) is a length metric space (X,d) by Hopf-Rinow thm.
Problem 1: recover (X,g) from (X,d).
- (1935, A. Wald) problem 1 for 2-dim manifolds.
- (1948, A.D. Alexandrov) a metric notion of (sectional) curvature + smoothness solves 2-dim manifolds.
- (1982, A.D. Alexandrov) conjecture that the same is true for n-dim manifolds.
- (1998, I.G. Nikolaev) proves (Alexandrov conjecture) for n-dim manifolds.
but (
1996, M. Gromov) asks for a solution of
Problem 2: recover sub-riemannian (X,D,g) from (X,d).
- (X,D,g) sub-riemannian if D completely non-integrable distribution and g a metric on D.
- by Hopf-Rinow (X,D,g) is a length metric space (X,d), with d the CC distance.
Sub-riemannian spaces are weird! (except when riemannian)
- metric (Hausdorff) dimension > topological dimension
- not Alexandrov spaces
- tangent spaces are nilpotent (Carnot) groups, not vector spaces
- Carnot groups have a peculiar differential calculus (Pansu derivative)
Sub-riemannian spaces (techniques) are useful!
- (1981, M. Gromov) finitely generated groups of polynomial growth same as those groups which have nilpotent subgroups of finite index
- (1989, P. Pansu) proves Rademacher thm for Carnot groups, which implies a short proof for Margulis-Mostow rigidity
- (2006, J.R. Lee, A. Naor) counter-example to Goemans-Linial conjecture by using the Heisenberg group as a SR space
- (2010, E. Hrushovski) (2011, E. Breuillard, B. Green, T. Tao) Approximate groups are essentially Carnot groups
Drawing conventions
Emergent algebras
introduced as algebras in
arXiv:0907.1520, as a λ calculus in
arXiv:1807.02058.
Drawing conventions 2
Tangles
Chora
Conical groups
groups with:
an action by automorphisms
a ⋅ (x * y) = (a ⋅ x) * (a ⋅ y)
which are uniformly contractive:
ε → 0, ε ⋅ x → e, uniformly wrt x in compact set
Examples
- (normed) finite dim vector space X, * = +, Γ = (0, ∞)
- Heisenberg groups:
- - take (H, <,>) complex Hilbert space, X = H × R
- (x,u) * (y,v) = (x + y, u + v + (1/2) Im <x,y>)
- - distribution D from left translate of H in X, is completely nonintegrable
- - metric on D from Re <,>
- - Γ = C ∖ {0}
- a ⋅ (x,u) = (a x , ∣a∣² u )
- or just any Carnot group
Tangles
Rescale!
Commutative emergent algebras
The
operation * is commutative iff any of the following:
- - we can do the shuffle trick:
-
- - rays are semigroups, uniformly
- ∀ a, b ∈ Γ, ∃ a+b ∈ Γ, (a ⋅ x) * (b ⋅ x) = (a+b) ⋅ x
- - barycentric condition: ∀ a ∈ Γ, ∃ 1-a ∈ Γ
Let's denote the 3 ports of a dilation node as:
port 1: "from", port 2: "see", port 3: "as"
The
operation * is commutative iff all the 6 permutations of ports are also dilations, with coefficients from the anharmonic group:
Pure See!
Lambda calculus
(
1936, A. Church) Untyped λ calculus
is a term rewrite system
Terms:
- variable: x, y, z, ...
- term:
- - variable
- - A B where A, B terms (application)
- - λx.A where x var, A term (abstraction)
Term rewrite rule:
- β-reduction: (λx.D)B → D[x=B]
(1936, A. Church) Pure λ calculus is a term rewrite system
Term rewrite rule:
- β-reduction: (λx.D)B → D[x=B]
(1971, C.P. Wadsworth,
1990, J. Lamping)
graph rewrite system
Emergent lambda
Aplication can be seen as:
(all the 6 permutations of ports are also dilations, with coefficients from the anharmonic group:
Pure See!)
Abstraction can be seen as:
(all the 6 permutations of ports are also dilations, with coefficients from the anharmonic group:
Pure See!)
β rewrite from shuffle
only with dilation nodes:
the same with
chemlambda v2 nodes:


New features with this release, as extensions of the Apache functionality. Because the core code has changed so significantly, there are certain liberties that earlier versions of Apache (and the NCSA daemon) took that recent Apache versions are pickier about - please check the compatibility notes if you have any problems.
If you're upgrading from Apache 1.2, you may wish to read the upgrade notes.
Enhancements: Core | Performance | Configuration | Modules | API | Misc
Configuration
have been replaced with "AddModule"
with a slightly different syntax. For module authors there are
some changes designed to make it easier for users to add their
module.
ProxyReceiveBufferSize
directive gives
mod_proxy
's outgoing connections larger network
buffers, for increased throughput.
writev
(where
available) to issue multiple writes with a single system call.
They also avoid copying memory into buffers as much as
possible. The result is less CPU time spent on transferring
large files.
mmap
, which
means bytes are only copied from the disk buffer to the
network buffer directly by the kernel. The program never
copies bytes around, which reduces CPU time. (Only where
available/tested.)
mod_log_config
can
be compile-time configured to buffer writes.
strncpy()
with
ap_cpystrn()
, a routine which doesn't have to
zero-fill the entire result. This has dramatic effects on
mod_include
speed.
See the new performance documentation for more information.
configure
script and a corresponding top-level
Makefile.tmpl
file. The goal is to provide a GNU
Autoconf-style frontend which is capable to both drive the old
src/Configure
stuff in batch and additionally
installs the package with a GNU-conforming directory layout. Any
options from the old configuration scheme are available plus a lot
of new options for flexibly customizing Apache.
apxs
was created which provides off-source building,
installing and activating of those DSO-based modules. It
completely hides the platform-dependent DSO-build commands from
the user and provides an easy way to build modules outside the
Apache source tree. To achieve this APACI installs the Apache C
header files together with the apxs
tool.
/usr/local/apache/
/usr/local/etc/httpd/
to
/usr/local/apache/
. This change covers only the
default setting (and the documentation); it is of course possible
to override it using the -d
ServerRoot and -f httpd.conf switches when
starting apache.
NameVirtualHost
directive is used to list IP address:port pairs on which
HTTP/1.1-style virtual hosting occurs. This is vhosting based on
the Host:
header from the client. Previously this
address was implicitly the same as the "main address" of the
machine, and this caused no end of problems for users, and was not
powerful enough. Please see the Apache Virtual Host documentation for
further details on configuration.
Include
directive
Include
directive includes other config files immediately at that point in
parsing.
-S
command line option
it will dump out information regarding how it parsed the
VirtualHost
sections. This is useful for folks
trying to debug their virtual host configuration.
SetEnvIf
and
SetEnvIfNoCase
. These allow you to set
environment variables for server and CGI use based upon attributes
of the request.
mod_mime_magic
has been
added. It uses "magic numbers" and other hints from a file's
contents to figure out what the contents are. It then uses this
information to set the file's media type, if it cannot be
determined by the file's extension.
UNIQUE_ID
.
ProxyVia
directive allows switching "Via:" support off or on, or
suppressing outgoing "Via:" header lines altogether for privacy
reasons.
NoProxy
and ProxyDomain
directives added to proxy, useful for intranets.
ProxyPassReverse
directive. It lets Apache adjust the
URL in the Location header on HTTP redirect
responses.
mod_include
string comparisonsmod_dir
module has
been split in two, with mod_dir handling directory index
files, and mod_autoindex
creating directory listings. Thus allowing folks to remove the
indexing function from critical servers.
SuppressColumnSorting
IndexOptions
keyword.
SuppressHTMLPreamble
can be used if
your README.html file includes its own HTML header.
IndexOptions
directive now allows
the use of incremental prefixes (+/- to add/remove the respective
keyword feature, as was already possible for the
Options directive) to its
keyword arguments. Multiple IndexOptions directives applying
to the same directory will now be merged.
IconHeight
and
IconWidth
let you set height and width attributes to the
<IMG>
tag in directory listings.
NameWidth
keyword to the
IndexOptions
directive lets you set the number of columns for
"fancy"
directory listings. If set to an '*' asterisk, the name width
will be adjusted automatically.
Alias
and Redirect
AliasMatch
,
ScriptAliasMatch
, and
RedirectMatch
directives allow for the use of regular expression matching.
Additionally, new
<DirectoryMatch>
,
<LocationMatch>
,
and
<FilesMatch>
sections provide a new syntax for regular expression sectioning.
AddModuleInfo
directive added to mod_info
TransferLog
disables
logging
TransferLog
directive is given then no log is
written. This supports co-existence with other logging modules.
LogFormat
directive has been enhanced to allow you to give nicknames to
specific logging formats. You can then use these nicknames in
other LogFormat
and CustomLog
directives, rather than having to
spell out the complete log format string each time.
RewriteMap
directive
RewriteMap
directive of
mod_rewrite. They provide two new features: First, you now can
randomly choose a sub-value from a value which was looked-up in a
rewriting map (which is useful when choosing between backend
servers in a Reverse Proxy situation). Second, you now can
translate URL parts to fixed (upper or lower) case (which is
useful when doing mass virtual hosting by the help of
mod_rewrite).
For all those module writers and code hackers:
child_init
child_exit
child_init
and
child_exit
functions are passed a pool whose lifetime is
the same as the lifetime of the child (modulo completely fatal
events in which apache has no hope of recovering). In contrast,
the module init
function is passed a pool whose lifetime
ends when the parent exits or restarts.
child_terminate
register_other_child
http_main.h
. This is used in the parent to register
a child for monitoring. The parent will report status to a supplied
callback function. This allows modules to create their own children
which are monitored along with the httpd children.
piped_log
http_log.h
. This API provides the common code for
implementing piped logs. In particular it implements a reliable piped
log on architectures supporting it (i.e., Unix at the moment).
set_last_modified
split into three
set_last_modified
performed multiple
jobs including the setting of the Last-Modified
header, the
ETag
header, and processing conditional requests (such as
IMS). These functions have been split into three functions:
set_last_modified
, set_etag
, and
meets_conditions
. The field mtime
has been
added to request_rec
to facilitate
meets_conditions
.
ap_log_error
ap_log_error
.
This is still a work in progress.
set_file_slot
for config parsing
set_file_slot
routine provides a standard routine that
prepends ServerRoot to non-absolute paths.
post_read_request
module API
psocket
, and popendir
psocket
and pclosesocket
functions allow
for race-condition free socket creation with resource tracking.
Similarly popendir
and pclosedir
protect
directory reading.
is_initial_req
kill_only_once
ap_spawn_child
functions which prevents Apache
from aggressively trying to kill off the child.
alloc debugging code
ALLOC_DEBUG
provides a rudimentary memory
debugger which can be used on live servers with low impact --
it sets all allocated and freed memory bytes to 0xa5. Defining
ALLOC_USE_MALLOC
will cause the alloc code to use
malloc()
and free()
for each object. This
is far more expensive and should only be used for testing with tools
such as Electric Fence and Purify. See main/alloc.c
for more details.
ap_cpystrn
strncpy
"lookalike", with slightly different
semantics is much faster than strncpy
because it
doesn't have to zero-fill the entire buffer.
table_addn
, table_setn
,
table_mergen
pstrdup
on their arguments. This provides for big speedups. There is
also some debugging support to ensure code uses them properly.
See src/CHANGES
for more information.
construct_url
server_rec *
to taking a request_rec *
.
get_server_name
, get_server_port
ap_bspawn_child
and
ap_call_exec
child_info *
to spawn
function
(as passed to ap_bspawn_child
) and to
ap_call_exec
to allow children to work correctly on Win32.
We also cleaned up the nomenclature a bit, replacing
spawn_child_err
with simply
ap_spawn_child
and spawn_child_err_buff
with simply ap_bspawn_child
.
ap_add_version_component()
Server:
header line. Previous 1.3beta versions had used a
SERVER_SUBVERSION
compile-time #define
to perform this function. Whether the tokens are actually displayed
is controlled by the new ServerTokens
directive.
AccessFileName
Enhancement
AccessFileName
directive can now take more than
one filename. This lets sites serving pages from network file
systems and more than one Apache web server, configure access
based on the server through which shared pages are being served.
HostNameLookups
now defaults to "Off"
HostNameLookups
directive now defaults to "Off". This means that, unless explicitly
turned on, the server will not resolve IP addresses into names. This
was done to spare the Internet from unnecessary DNS traffic.
HostnameLookups
directive now supports double-reverse DNS. (Known as
PARANOID in the terminology of tcp_wrappers.) An IP
address passes a double-reverse DNS test if the forward map of the
reverse map includes the original IP. Regardless of the
HostnameLookups setting, mod_access access lists using DNS
names require all names to pass a double-reverse
DNS test. (Prior versions of Apache required a compile-time
switch to enable double-reverse DNS.)
timefmt
string used by mod_include
has been
modified to display the year using four digits rather than the
two-digit format used previously. The mod_autoindex
module has also been modified to display years using four digits
in FancyIndexed directory listings.
htdigest
), and these other applications would fail to
build because the routines were built only into the server. These
routines are now being migrated to a separate subdirectory and
library so they can be used by other applications than just the
server. See the src/ap/
subdirectory.
ServerSignature
directive
UseCanonicalName
directive
UseCanonicalName
off
Apache will use the hostname and port supplied by the
client, if available.
SERVER_VERSION
definition abstracted, and server
build date added
#define
d value for
SERVER_VERSION
. In order to keep this value
consistent when modules and the core server are compiled at
different times, this information is now available through the
core API routine ap_get_server_version()
. The use of
the SERVER_VERSION
symbol is deprecated. Also,
ap_get_server_built()
returns a string representing
the time the core server was linked.
ServerTokens
, allows the Webmaster
to change the value of the Server
response header
field which is sent back to clients. The ServerTokens
directive controls whether the server will include a non-specific
note in the server identity about the type of operating system on
which the server is running as well as included module information.
As of Apache 1.3, this additional information is included by default.


This page allows you to add electric charges onto the universe and look at how they affect the electric field and electric potential in the universe. Make sure to explore the toolbar at the top of the screen! This project is currently a work in progress, but it's usable right now.
Note: Unfortunately, this page does not yet work under Internet Explorer. Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Safari, and Opera have been tested and work fine, though.


--- layout: pattern title: "Headings" summary: "Standard typography for Headings. Extends Foundation to provide `.hN` style classes to provide greater flexibility." ---


Can you think of an analogy to describe HTML, CSS and the DOM?
How would you describe it to your non-technical friend?
HTML is like the structure of your house the walls, the roof, the doors etc.
CSS is the colour schemes and designs of the things in your house, like the
colour of the wallpaper. Dom is the thing that controls the certain stuff in
your house like the remote to turn the tv on or open the garage door.
What is meant by boxifying design?
It meants that everything on your screen is within a box, every single thing
on your screen is in their own individual boxes, even cicles and triangles.
What is the box model?
HTML elements are considered as boxes. In CSS, the term "box model"
is used when talking about design and layout. The CSS box model is essentially
a box that wraps around every HTML element. It consists of: margins, borders,
padding, and the actual content.
Html Css & Dom P2
What is grid based design?
Grids are a way of putting structure towards evvrything o a wedpage in an
orderly type of way by presenting information wiht an effective design and layout.
It makes clear visual path for the eye to see.
What's all the hype about responsive webpages?
I think its quite cool, being able to view a single webpage in different
forms to match the devide you are viewing it on.
What is semantic structure?
Semantic structure is the way we as developers use HTML tags to define its
presentation or look by making it easier for browsers to view content on the page.
Emotional Intelligence
On our first week of EDA we were told to read the book "
Search Inside Yourself" and well I'm a bit of a procrastinator when
it comes to reading books and especially writing things, but I have
finally made myself read and watch the first chapter. Some of the thing
that I learnt from this chapter were first of learning the definition
of what Emotional Intelligences is, “The ability to monitor one’s own
and others’ feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them and to
use this information to guide one’s thinking and actions.” and second
the five domains that it splits into which are;
1. Self-awareness: Knowledge of one’s internal states, preferences, resources, and intuitions
2. Self-regulation: Management of one’s internal states, impulses, and resources
3. Motivation: Emotional tendencies that guide or facilitate reaching goals
4. Empathy: Awareness of others’ feelings, needs, and concerns
5. Social skills: Adeptness at inducing desirable responses in others”
I found the two minutes of mindfulness quite good, I havent been able to do any
maditation at all since I have started at EDA, because I try to do as much work
as I can while my baby is away and I spend all my time with him when he is home
and Im super lazy in the weekends, but I tried two minutes in bed and in the
shower and it was really nice! I do spend a lot of time thinking about the future
and past and not so much in the present so I am looking forward to doing this
exercise more often.


Organic. Crema. Barista est spoon half and half extra flavour saucer. Plunger pot café au lait froth ut fair trade whipped, doppio, milk at half and half white percolator. French press iced carajillo, coffee caramelization caffeine half and half irish id kopi-luwak latte cappuccino. Extra id, sweet breve robust extra seasonal.
A robust, extra shop, espresso eu, cultivar ut barista whipped extra. Et galão, robusta mocha froth dark percolator. Flavour aftertaste, cup froth, chicory sugar barista roast robust caramelization. Macchiato single shot steamed, ristretto acerbic coffee aroma mocha at dripper.
Coffee. Bar. French Press trifecta, organic kopi-luwak mocha redeye et instant. Crema, at, french press, americano bar trifecta dark breve carajillo caffeine wings. Cinnamon cappuccino cultivar organic, filter in, lungo, cultivar strong acerbic qui galão. Cultivar aromatic, saucer shop, latte in sugar crema blue mountain aftertaste.
Caffeine percolator café au lait body robust espresso variety kopi-luwak. Extraction cortado aged organic macchiato seasonal cortado trifecta. Mug brewed sugar turkish americano lungo extraction. Ristretto, robusta dripper, half and half cup dark single shot seasonal.


Fargo
Fargo is an American crime drama with some dark comical elements inspired by the film Fargo written by the Coen brothers. It was met with considerable acclaim as insurance salesman Lester Nygaard faces off against the psychopath Lorne Malvo.


crcmod – CRC calculation
This module provides a function factory mkCrcFun() and a class Crc
for calculating CRCs of byte strings using common CRC algorithms.
Note
This documentation normally shows Python 2.x usage. Python 3.x usage is very similar,
with the main difference that input strings must be explicitly defined as
bytes type, or an object that supports the buffer protocol. E.g.:
>>> crc_value = crc_function(b'123456789')
>>> crc_value = crc_function(bytearray((49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57)))
mkCrcFun() – CRC function factory
The function factory provides a simple interface for CRC calculation.
-
crcmod.mkCrcFun(poly[, initCrc, rev, xorOut])
Function factory that returns a new function for calculating CRCs
using a specified CRC algorithm.
| Parameters: |
- poly – The generator polynomial to use in calculating the CRC. The value
is specified as a Python integer or long integer. The bits in this integer
are the coefficients of the polynomial. The only polynomials allowed are
those that generate 8, 16, 24, 32, or 64 bit CRCs.
- initCrc – Initial value used to start the CRC calculation. This initial
value should be the initial shift register value, reversed if it uses a
reversed algorithm, and then XORed with the final XOR value. That is
equivalent to the CRC result the algorithm should return for a
zero-length string. Defaults to all bits set because that starting value
will take leading zero bytes into account. Starting with zero will ignore
all leading zero bytes.
- rev – A flag that selects a bit reversed algorithm when True. Defaults to
True because the bit reversed algorithms are more efficient.
- xorOut – Final value to XOR with the calculated CRC value. Used by some
CRC algorithms. Defaults to zero.
|
| Returns: | CRC calculation function
|
| Return type: | function
|
The function that is returned is as follows:
-
.crc_function(data[, crc=initCrc])
| Parameters: |
- data (byte string) – Data for which to calculate the CRC.
- crc – Initial CRC value.
|
| Returns: | Calculated CRC value.
|
| Return type: | integer
|
Examples
CRC-32 Example:
>>> import crcmod
>>> crc32_func = crcmod.mkCrcFun(0x104c11db7, initCrc=0, xorOut=0xFFFFFFFF)
>>> hex(crc32_func('123456789'))
'0xcbf43926L'
The CRC-32 uses a “reversed” algorithm, used for many common CRC algorithms.
Less common is the non-reversed algorithm, as used by the 16-bit XMODEM CRC:
>>> xmodem_crc_func = crcmod.mkCrcFun(0x11021, rev=False, initCrc=0x0000, xorOut=0x0000)
>>> hex(xmodem_crc_func('123456789'))
'0x31c3'
The CRC function can be called multiple times. On subsequent calls, pass the
CRC value previously calculated as a second parameter:
>>> crc_value = crc32_func('1234')
>>> crc_value = crc32_func('56789', crc_value)
>>> hex(crc_value)
'0xcbf43926L'
Python 3.x example: Unicode strings are not accepted as input. Byte strings are acceptable.
You may calculate a CRC for an object that implements the buffer protocol:
>>> import crcmod
>>> crc32_func = crcmod.mkCrcFun(0x104c11db7, initCrc=0, xorOut=0xFFFFFFFF)
>>> hex(crc32_func('123456789'))
...
TypeError: Unicode-objects must be encoded before calculating a CRC
>>> hex(crc32_func(b'123456789'))
'0xcbf43926'
>>> hex(crc32_func(bytearray((49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57))))
'0xcbf43926'
The class provides an interface similar to the Python hashlib, md5 and sha modules.
-
class crcmod.Crc(poly[, initCrc, rev, xorOut])
Returns a new Crc object for calculating CRCs using a specified CRC algorithm.
The parameters are the same as those for the factory function mkCrcFun().
| Parameters: |
- poly – The generator polynomial to use in calculating the CRC. The value
is specified as a Python integer or long integer. The bits in this integer
are the coefficients of the polynomial. The only polynomials allowed are
those that generate 8, 16, 24, 32, or 64 bit CRCs.
- initCrc – Initial value used to start the CRC calculation. This initial
value should be the initial shift register value, reversed if it uses a
reversed algorithm, and then XORed with the final XOR value. That is
equivalent to the CRC result the algorithm should return for a
zero-length string. Defaults to all bits set because that starting value
will take leading zero bytes into account. Starting with zero will ignore
all leading zero bytes.
- rev – A flag that selects a bit reversed algorithm when True. Defaults to
True because the bit reversed algorithms are more efficient.
- xorOut – Final value to XOR with the calculated CRC value. Used by some
CRC algorithms. Defaults to zero.
|
Crc objects contain the following constant values:
-
digest_size
- The size of the resulting digest in bytes. This depends on the width of the CRC polynomial.
E.g. for a 32-bit CRC, digest_size will be 4.
-
crcValue
- The calculated CRC value, as an integer, for the data that has been input
using update(). This value is updated after each call to update().
Crc objects support the following methods:
-
new([arg])
- Create a new instance of the Crc class initialized to the same
values as the original instance. The CRC value is set to the initial
value. If a string is provided in the optional arg parameter, it is
passed to the update() method.
-
copy()
- Create a new instance of the Crc class initialized to the same
values as the original instance. The CRC value is copied from the current
value. This allows multiple CRC calculations using a common initial
string.
-
update(data)
| Parameter: | data (byte string) – Data for which to calculate the CRC |
Update the calculated CRC value for the specified input data.
-
digest()
- Return the current CRC value as a string of bytes. The length of
this string is specified in the digest_size attribute.
-
hexdigest()
- Return the current CRC value as a string of hex digits. The length
of this string is twice the digest_size attribute.
-
generateCode(functionName, out[, dataType, crcType])
Generate a C/C++ function.
| Parameters: |
- functionName – String specifying the name of the function.
- out – An open file-like object with a write method.
This specifies where the generated code is written.
- dataType – An optional parameter specifying the data type of the input
data to the function. Defaults to UINT8.
- crcType – An optional parameter specifying the data type of the CRC value.
Defaults to one of UINT8, UINT16, UINT32, or UINT64 depending
on the size of the CRC value.
|
Examples
CRC-32 Example:
>>> import crcmod
>>> crc32 = crcmod.Crc(0x104c11db7, initCrc=0, xorOut=0xFFFFFFFF)
>>> crc32.update('123456789')
>>> hex(crc32.crcValue)
'0xcbf43926L'
>>> crc32.hexdigest()
'CBF43926'
The Crc.update() method can be called multiple times, and the CRC value is updated with each call:
>>> crc32new = crc32.new()
>>> crc32new.update('1234')
>>> crc32new.hexdigest()
'9BE3E0A3'
>>> crc32new.update('56789')
>>> crc32new.hexdigest()
'CBF43926'


In this episode we’re going to learn what AVA is, how to set it up and after that we’ll check out a few of AVA’s features.
Resources:


Make sure to check your email after this.


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| Description | Amount |
| Value VPS-UM - Creators.Hub (13/01/2020 - 12/02/2020) Operating System: CentOS Linux with Virtualmin control panel (Free) * |
Rs.1095.00 INR |
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| Credit | Rs.0.00 INR |
| Total | Rs.1292.10 INR |
* Indicates a taxed item.
| Transaction Date | Gateway | Transaction ID | Amount |
| 13/01/2020 | Cards/NEFT/Wallet (CCAvenue) |<PHONE_NUMBER>34 | Rs.1292.10 INR |
| Balance | Rs.0.00 INR |


Here's an example of a tooltip which is created from an attribute on the trigger element. The tooltip pulls the contents of the attribute, creates a node, and associates the elements together with Aria.
Here's an example of a tooltip which is created from a sibling element of the trigger. The tooltip pulls the node out of the dom tree hierarchy, injects it into a hidden container, and associates the elements together with Aria in preperation for triggering. Hi. I've been supplied in the html as a sibling element of the tooltip trigger element. MkTooltip is smart enought to find me and associate us together via Aria.
Here's an example of a tooltip which is created from a child node of the trigger. The tooltip Hi. I've been supplied in the html as a child node of the tooltip trigger element. MkTooltip is smart enought to find me and associate us together via Aria. pulls the node out of the dom tree hierarchy, injects it into a hidden container, and associates the elements together with Aria in preperation for triggering.
By default, tooltips try to position themselves top-center. If they is not enough real estate on top, they move below. If there is not enough real estate positioned center, they try moving left, then finally right. We can actually reverse all this logic by supplying an attribute of data-display="reverse". Here we have a tooltip with the positioning logic reversed.
By default, tooltips try to position themselves on the Y axis. This can easily be changed to positioning tooltips on the X axis, or right-to-left by supplying the attribute data-display="rtl". Here we have a tooltip with the positioning logic changed to right-to-left. If the left side has no room for the tooltip, it changes position over to the right hand side.
We can also opt out of triggering tooltips on mouseover/mouseout and trigger them on click/enter by supplying the attribute data-toggle="click". Yep it's that easy. Here we have a tooltip with the positioning logic changed to right-to-left. If the left side has no room for the tooltip, it changes position over to the right hand side.
Since we have the ability to supply tooltips completely seperate nodes, we can literally add anything into a tooltip. This makes them extremely useful for putting enhanced behavior in. We take this into account and allow full keyboard access into tooltips which have elements with the ability to focus and manipulate as a user. Check it.
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A sense of wholeness. Long-lasting energy without the midday crash. Purpose. A strong body that is functioning at optimum in all functions and finally maintaining its ideal weight. Sustained joy instead of fluctuating happiness. Understanding how to fuel your body and those of your family with whole, real, nutrient-dense foods that prevent disease.
Its everything you’ve wanted with very little to lose. Maybe you need a crash course in the basics, or maybe you know your stuff and just need immense accountability and breakthrough. Whatever it may be, pause to think on this: what’s keeping you where you are, when everything you desire to become is right on the other side of a decision? It is attainable.
Fill out your health history, and schedule your free virtual consult to discover how my coaching will propel you from “good enough to get by” into absolutely thriving aspects of life.


| | |
- builtins.object
-
- DBConnectionInfo
- Py2SQL
- S
class DBConnectionInfo(builtins.object) |
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DBConnectionInfo(dbname: str, host: str, password: str, user: str)
|
| |
Methods defined here:
- __init__(self, dbname: str, host: str, password: str, user: str)
- Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
Data descriptors defined here:
- __dict__
- dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
- __weakref__
- list of weak references to the object (if defined)
|
class S(builtins.object) |
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S(foo, bar)
|
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Methods defined here:
- __init__(self, foo, bar)
- Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
Data descriptors defined here:
- __dict__
- dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
- __weakref__
- list of weak references to the object (if defined)
Data and other attributes defined here:
- __annotations__ = {'bar': <class 'int'>, 'foo': <class 'int'>}
| |


A wysiwyg editor for textareas, written in Javascript. Uses .
name
value - the text in the richtextarea
lang [en]
loadPlugin - the plugins that should be loaded. None of the plugins are loaded by default. The plugins are Xinha-specific.
style
<o2 header> or <o2 incJavascript> must be called on the same page as <o2 richtextarea> in order for the richtextarea tag to work.
<o2 footer> or <o2 postJavascript> must be called on the same page as well.
In Internet Explorer 7 Beta 2, richtextarea is incompatible with .
See also , , ,
and .


@@include('../analytics-code.html') @@include('../styles.html') @@include('../gtm-code.html')
@@include('../gtm-iframe-code.html')We want to spread Sharing Economy and we want to empower non-technical entepreneurs to start their own Sharing Economy marketplace!
You can start your marketplace right away in a matter of minutes and without any commitments. Your marketplace is for free until a certain amount of users. We believe that the value for your startup is not in the technology, but in the community that you build with the technology.
We take care of the technology, you build your Sharing Economy business. We want to empower those without programming knowledge and make anyone easily start their Sharing Economy business.
Easily build and manage your marketplace through Admin dashboard and provide your users with a customized marketplace with your own concept.
Our payment system supports 190+ countries and 25+ currencies. Set up a payment for your marketplace within few minutes and charge a transaction fee from providers.
Our code is open source in Github and you can import and export the data. We offer trainings on how to set up the code on your own.
VQ-Marketplace works all over the world. Our platform is available in any languages and you can configure each label in the marketplace accordingly.
You need a marketplace where your users could buy/book and sell/offer services? We enable you to provide them a marketplace where your users easily will be able to interact each other.
You can allow your users to either signup with their email address, or with their facebook account.
Your users will be able to add details, geolocation, price, date, duration and images to their listings. Additionally, listings have public discussion where users can comment or discuss on the specific listing.
Allow your users to browse, filter and search items. Your users can browse listings as a list, grid or map. It is possible to filter items based on their location, category name and price.
We provide you with booking calendar that will make your users specify the listing's availability, which is shown to users in the listing's calendar.
The users have their own verified profile page with their preferences, short biography, picture, and ratings and reviews.
We support different booking scenarios for your Marketplace. Listings can have many requests and many bookings, many requests but one booking, or one request and one booking.
We enable you to integrate custom pages and websites into your marketplace so that you can enrich your marketing.
The users will be able to rate and leave reviews to the listings.
Your users can connect with each other through chat. The users will have their own inbox inside the marketplace, which helps them keep track of their orders.
Your platform sends automated emails, of which you can configure the content.
As a marketplace owner, you will be able to allow your users choose either one role - buyer/seller - or two roles - buyer & seller in the marketplace.
Easily configure and manage your marketplace and build your brand through admin dashboard.
We integrate Google Analytics into your marketplace so that you have a broader view of what is happening in the platform and optimize it accordingly.
Make your users create listings with different pricing scenarios. Price per hour, per listing or on request.


--- title: SNES Classic - Features, Price, and How to Get One date: 2017-11-11 00:00:00 Z tags: - snes - classic - rajiblaze layout: post author: Rajiblaze excert_separator: "" description: SNES Classic ---
Back in the day, the Super Nintendo was a sizable upgrade from the original NES, and I was amazed at how much the graphics improved. New tech such as Mode 7, and later the FX chip allowed the SNES to do things the Genesis wish it could. 26 years later, (man I feel old!) Nintendo decided to tug on our nostalgia strings and release the SNES classic.
Much like the NES classic, the SNES classic is a smaller model from the original, packed with the best games of its generation. It comes with two controllers, an HDMI cable, one USB cable with AC adapter, 21 SNES games, and of course, the manual. Games like Super Mario Cart, F-Zero, Super Metroid, and Star Fax are included. Even the unreleased Star Fox 2 is part of that list! Those that remember games from this generation would be smitten to play these awesome titles again.
The SNE Classic has been out since September 29th, and like the NES classic, it's a limited-edition product. You'd be hard-pressed to find it a copy of it in a Gamestop or any physical retail store. The console is available online, however, the price is more than doubled. The retail price was originally $79.99, but online prices are around $128 to $140. If the hiked up price doesn't bother you, then there's plenty to go around.
If you missed your chance to get this console in person for the holidays, you're in luck! Thanks to Amazon, there's a sufficient amount of supply. Get your SNES Classic here! Good luck and happy gaming!


Coming Soon < [[${title}]] < [[${org}]]
Ontology Lookup Service
Not quite ready yet! This page is under development and will be available soon...


Modern science, scientists. Law-makers. Well-educated psychiatrs. Gate-keepers of blind governments. It is your duty to keep this madness going, and it is our duty to keep this 'self' centered, pure and innocence. I still feel mentally dirty, yes, but I know it's your mud I will eventually get rid of.
Before Vilca...
One evening we (five people) decided to heal ourselves with Yage made of Mimosa and Rue. Results were interesting, but something seemed to be missing. It was probably the dosage, as the setting was secure and nice, very friendly (We're good friends in search of our Selves). We had used about 65 grams of Mimosa and 15 grams of Rue. Music was only icaros. One of us puked immediately after having his cup. He had a very mild journey. Other three including me puked in about 45 minutes but one never puked. Of course he was the one who had the most intense journey.
So here we are, almost 'sober' now, just chatting and laughing. After a few hours, maybe 4 or 5, we decided to try Vilca for the first time. It was midnight. The one who hadn't puked went to sleep as he was tired. The other one didn't want to try as he felt hungry. So now we were three only (the guy who puked first is with us: this is an important detail to make a comparement as you'll realize).
My mood: A little bit sleepy and tired, but certainly not happy. With constant low seratonine and dopamine levels, that's quite normal for me -in this stage of human life.
E.'s mood: Calm, not much tired, and certainly not happy (the reason is not much different).
M.'s mood: Not bad, almost happy. This guy is the one who had puked first.
I roasted 15 Colubrina seeds, than made a powder (that was not well-powdered actually) of it and mixed it with some lime and a few drops of water. We didn't want to wait (yes, a terrible mistake..) so in 15 minutes our huge lines were ready. I snorted first, all of it in 3-5 seconds. And the others followed. Then we all sat down. And of course, it burnt very, very badly. Tears were flowing down on our faces which turned purple now. I remember M. saying: I can't breathe. Right after that we began to feel it coming. So fast, so powerfull. So much energy, and the evil feeling.. Pure chaos.. We, being not able to move or talk or think, held our buckets tightly and stayed in this position for a few minutes. I said 'evil feeling', and that's definately how Vilca works. First you have to face Evil to be allowed to know Good; a system that works not much different the way Life works.
M.'s situation got worse. Now he was vomiting violently every few minutes, and also coughing, saying that he was hot and could not breathe. To help him, I and E. had to choose a Self first as we had almost lost ourselves (the self that is used to buy a beer, for example; or to study -fine arts- and become an artist to feed one's confused ego, you know..) and through blurry, dark-colored and threatening visuals, we tired to talk to him to calm him down and in fact, to keep him 'awake' as we'd thought he was facing something fatal.
I guess we all felt the real terror of death for the first time in our lives. Even the idea of death was something kept constantly away from us till that night (using different methods of so-called education as a mask that lack any spirutal contents) as a primary taboo along with sex.
And for the first time in our lives we felt so human and alive. That should be what so-called primitive people doing all the time using these sacred plants in the beautiful forests, or great mountains: Experiencing Death, Experiencing Life. To feel like a human -naked in every meaning.
M. almost lost conscienceness a few times, and was still vomiting. Then something happened: He could hear us at last, he responded. We told him that we were real friends, and real warriors and he understood what we meant. He was now fighting; fighting through his tortured past, his ego that was shaped without his own will (like many of ours) and possibly fatal body-overload. And eventually his well-protected Self, Center -you name it-, began to take control of his body and his mind. He said for the first time: Yes I will, I will fight. And he did so. It took almost 2 hours for him to get back to this reality we call 'normal'. But he was changed, we were changed, we were happy to be alive, happy to be friends, happy to have been doing what we really wanted to do in life: A spiritual journey to 'know'; nothing but to know the truth, to feel the truth that lies beneath the mud of Human/Earth/Cosmos conscienceness.
Now a feeling not much different than what MDMA gives one had covering us. Pure bliss, profound undertanding, empathy and 'hope'. But unlike MDMA, this was much more natural, much more child-like: it felt so innocent. Then Y. joined us. He was downstairs during the Vilca healing, and he didn't have an idea of what had just happened. But when he saw our faces he quickly understood that something extraordinary had happened. A positive reflection. He gave me a cigarette. That was a gift. I felt so great. We talked a lot that evening. We talked about our selves, our pasts, feeling pure empathy for each other that let us understand and know each other so deeply for the first time. Yes, NOW we were friends. Life is life. Tragedy is crystal-clear, that's right. And the Future is misty. But we decided to fight. A fight for Self-Awareness, and Freedom: A notion, that has been raped by the SHADOWS.
After a few hours of joy andd bliss, we all fell asleep. Not in our beds, but on the ground, like happy puppies, and woke up early.
Something was different for three of us who survived the night before. So we woke up, still feeling sort of weird, but in a good way. E. said it was one of those mornings found only in a thousand which he really welcomed the brand new day. I felt the same, and M. felt the same (his face now looked bright, happy and content). What had happened to us? Now we can talk about many bio-chemical stories about Rue, or DMT or Bufotenine; what they do in the brain, how they work and in which combination etc.. No. Instead, I would like to continue:
We went outside, all together. We walked under the sunshine and ate a pizza at somewhere. It was delicious. We went to book-store and bought a copy of Eliade Marcea's 'Shamanism'. Though he doesn't support the idea of using plants that he calls narcotics (that's understandable when you have look at his past, especially his education period), the book is still a great source about the importance of Shamanism, explaining all the details and rituals that one should know if he/she is into this subject.
We spent some happy hours outside, realizing that our visual perception which was clouded by chemicals (the list is long) had turned back to those days of childhood. If you have used LSD or similiar synthetic substances more than a few times, then you'll understand what I mean. Tree was tree, sky was sky. Colours were brilliant.
Now it was time to go back our homes. I took a bus. On the bus I saw a young boy, maybe thirteen years-old. He was talking to his friends, laughing, joking: happy and innocent.  The feeling I had in that afternoon was something inexpressible -yet so real. More real than the word 'real'.
When I was home, I was still feeling content and happy. Almost shocked, too. Remember: I hadn't feel that good for more than 15 years. And guess what happened? I tried to drink a beer, just one can. I felt nauseas. Why? I asked myself. No, not even one beer.  I guess I didn't want to ruin the magic, which worked much more effective than anything 'modern' science can offer when the subject comes to stress/depression. And M. gave up acid. He doesn't like it any more I guess. E. and I. kept feeling like little children for about a month: Emotionally content.. Then one day we felt it coming: The SHADOWS..
That's OK. We are warriors like our wise ancestors. We believe in good/bright days. We'll never give up. When we see the shadows gets crowded, we'll heal ourselves. Again and again. And Yes, the shadows will never have any idea of what is going on. And this is the way it has to be. So, welcome Evil..
Thank you for reading. I hope I could tell something usefull.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


| fkHelp reference pages |
PARSE_HELP(mfile) PARSE_HELP(mfile, target)
PARSE_HELP(mfile) parses the help in the specified m-file to html code.
PARSE_HELP(mfile, target) parses the help to the specified target ('html' or 'context' or 'rst').
A m-file help section can optinally start with a H1 line, which should have the following format: %FUNCTION_IN_CAPS synopsis
The parser will divide the help into paragraphs, which start with an empty line, followed by a line of text with 2 or less spaces between the % and the start of the text (i.e. an indentation <= 2).
Syntax paragraphs are special paragraphs that define a particular way of calling the m-file function. The first line of a syntax paragraph should contain the complete syntax, examples are:
Two other special paragraph types exist: examples and see also. The first line of an example paragraph should start with 'example' or 'Example'. The remainder of the lines will be output unmodified. There can be multiple example paragraphs. A see also paragraph start with the words 'See also' or 'see also' followed by a space or semi-colon and a list of space or comma separated function names. Only one see also paragraph is allowed.
The parser is able to recognize enumerated lists, definition lists and tables in paragraphs. An item in an enumerated list starts with a number followed by a period and a space. All following lines that have at least the same amount of identation as the first line are included in the list item text. Thus, to continue a paragraph after a list, the list has to be indented.
An item in a definition list starts with a single word followed by a space, a dash and another space. The text that follows and any following lines are part of the definition text. For example:
Simple tables can be created. A single line holds a single row in a table. Table cells are separated by '|'. Each table row should start and end with '|'. If the first row is followed by a line of just dashes, then it will become the table header. For example:
| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |
|---|---|---|
| (1,1) | (1,2) | (1,3) |
| (2,1) | (2,2) | (2,3) |
If the target is 'html' then the function returns html code, but without any <html> or <body> tags.
| toolbox2context | Toolbox page | generate_help |


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马斯洛需求层次理论(Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs)
马斯洛需求层次理论(Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs)
马斯洛需求层次理论是行为科学的理论之一，由美国心理学家亚伯拉罕·马斯洛在1943年在《人类激励理论》论文中所提出。书中将人类需求象阶梯一样从低到高按层次分为五种，分别是：生理需求、安全需求、社交需求、尊重需求和自我实现需求。
马斯洛理论把需求分成生理需求（Physiological needs）、安全需求（Safety needs）、爱和归属感（Love and belonging）、尊重（Esteem）
和自我实现（Self-actualization）五类，依次由较低层次到较高层次排列。在自我实现需求之后，还有自我超越需求（Self-Transcendence needs），但通常不作为马斯洛需求层次理论中必要的层次，大多数会将自我超越合并至自我实现需求当中。[4]
通俗理解：假如一个人同时缺乏食物、安全、爱和尊重，通常对食物的需求量是最强烈的，其它需要则显得不那么重要。此时人的意识几乎全被饥饿所占据，所有能量都被用来获取食物。在这种极端情况下，人生的全部意义就是吃，其它什么都不重要。只有当人从生理需要的控制下解放出来时，才可能出现更高级的、社会化程度更高的需要如安全的需要。
Alfred Adler（与弗洛伊德并肩的心理学大师）
一、生理需求应用
生理需求（Physiological needs），也称级别最低、最具优势的需
求，如：食物、水、空气、性欲、健康。
未满足生理需求的特征：什么都不想，只想让自己活下去，思考能力、道德观明显变得脆弱。例如：当一个人极需要食物时，会不择手段地抢夺食物。人民在战乱时，是不会排队领面包的。 假设人为报酬而工作，以生理需求来激励下属。
激励措施：增加工资、改善劳动条件、给予更多的业余时间和工间休息、提高福利待遇。[6]
二、安全需求应用
安全需求（Safety needs），同样属于低级别的需求，其中包括对人身安全、生活稳定以及免遭痛苦、威胁或疾病等。
缺乏安全感的特征：感到自己对身边的事物受到威胁，觉得这世界是不公平或是危险的。认为一切事物都是危险的、而变的紧张、彷徨不安、认为一切事物都是“恶”的。例如：一个孩子，在学校被同学欺负、受到老师不公平的对待，而开始变得不相信这社会，变得不敢表现自己、不敢拥有社交生活（因为他认为社交是危险的），而借此来保护自身安全。一个成人，工作不顺利，薪水微薄，养不起家人，而变的自暴自弃，每天利用喝酒，吸烟来寻找短暂的安逸感。
激励措施：强调规章制度、职业保障、福利待遇，并保护员工不致失业，提供医疗保险、失业保险和退休福利、避免员工收到双重的指令而混乱。[6]
三、社交需求应用
社交需求（Love and belonging needs），属于较高层次的需求，如：对友谊、爱情以及隶属关系的需求。
缺乏社交需求的特征：因为没有感受到身边人的关怀，而认为自己没有价值活在这世界上。例如：一个没有受到父母关怀的青少年，认为自己在家庭中没有价值，所以在学校交朋友，无视道德观和理性地积极地寻找朋友或是同类。譬如说：青少年为了让自己融入社交圈中，帮别人做牛做马，甚至吸烟，恶作剧等。
激励措施：提供同事间社交往来机会，支持与赞许员工寻找及建立和谐温馨的人际关系，开展有组织的体育比赛和集体聚会。[4]
四、尊重需求应用
尊重需求（Esteem needs），属于较高层次的需求，如：成就、名声、地位和晋升机会等。尊重需求既包括对成就或自我价值的个人感觉，也包括他人对自己的认可与尊重。
无法满足尊重需求的特征：变的很爱面子，或是很积极地用行动来让别人认同自己，也很容易被虚荣所吸引。例如：利用暴力来证明自己的强悍、努力读书让自己成为医生、律师来证明自己在这社会的存在和价值、富豪为了自己名利而赚钱，或是捐款。
激励措施：公开奖励和表扬，强调工作任务的艰巨性以及成功所需要的高超技巧，颁发荣誉奖章、在公司刊物发表文章表扬、优秀员工光荣榜。[6]
五、自我实现需求应用
自我实现需求（Self-actualization），是最高层次的需求，包括针对于真善美至高人生境界获得的需求，因此前面四项需求都能满足，最高层次的需求方能相继产生，是一种衍生性需求，如：自我实现，发挥潜能等。
缺乏自我实现需求的特征：觉得自己的生活被空虚感给推动着，要自己去做一些身为一个“人”应该在这世上做的事，极需要有让他能更充实自己的事物、尤其是让一个人深刻的体验到自己没有白活在这世界上的事物。也开始认为，价值观、道德观胜过金钱、爱人、尊重和社会的偏见。例如：一个真心为了帮助他人而捐款的人。一位武术家、运动家把自己的体能练到极致，让自己成为世界一流或是单纯只为了超越自己。一位企业家，真心认为自己所经营的事业能为这社会带来价值，而为了比昨天更好而工作。
激励措施：设计工作时运用复杂情况的适应策略，给有特长的人委派特别任务，在设计工作和执行计划时为下级留有余地。[4]
六、超自我实现应用
超自我实现（Over Actualization）是马斯洛在晚期时，所提出的一个理论。这是当一个人的心理状态充分的满足了自我实现的需求时，所出现短暂的“高峰经验”，通常都是在执行一件事情时，或是完成一件事情时，才能深刻体验到的这种感觉，通常都是出现在艺术家、或是音乐家身上。例如一位音乐家，在演奏音乐时，所感受到的一股“忘我”的体验。 一位艺术家在画图时，感受不到时间的消逝，他在画图的每一分钟，对他来说跟一秒一样快，但每一秒却活的比一个礼拜还充实。 [6]
在马斯洛一生当中并没有提到超自我实现这一层次，只有自我超越需求（Self-Transcendence needs），而且经常被合并至自我实现需求层次中。超自我实现也许是传播和翻译过程中的失误。
Wahba, M. A.和Bridwell, L. G在1976年发表于《组织行为和人类表达》（Organizational Behavior and Human Performance）的文章《马斯洛反思：对需求层次理论的研究概述》（Maslow reconsidered: A review of research on the need hierarchy theory.）中表示马斯洛理论的需求排名，或者某些特定需求存在的证据并不足。
The Five Love Languages
Alfred Adler（与弗洛伊德并肩的心理学大师）
正面管教（Positive Discipline）：快乐PD妈家长课堂
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a theory in psychology proposed by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation" in Psychological Review.[2] Maslow subsequently extended the idea to include his observations of humans' innate curiosity. His theories parallel many other theories of human developmental psychology, some of which focus on describing the stages of growth in humans. Maslow used the terms "physiological", "safety", "belongingness" and "love", "esteem", "self-actualization" and "self-transcendence" to describe the pattern that human motivations generally move through.
Maslow studied the healthiest 1% of the college student population.[4]
Maslow's theory was fully expressed in his 1954 book Motivation and Personality.[5] The hierarchy remains a very popular framework in sociology research, management training[6] and secondary and higher psychology instruction.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is often portrayed in the shape of a pyramid with the largest, most fundamental levels of needs at the bottom and the need for self-actualization at the top.[1][7] While the pyramid has become the de facto way to represent the hierarchy, Maslow himself never used a pyramid to describe these levels in any of his writings on the subject.
The most fundamental and basic four layers of the pyramid contain what Maslow called "deficiency needs" or "d-needs": esteem, friendship and love, security, and physical needs. If these "deficiency needs" are not met – with the exception of the most fundamental (physiological) need – there may not be a physical indication, but the individual will feel anxious and tense. Maslow's theory suggests that the most basic level of needs must be met before the individual will strongly desire (or focus motivation upon) the secondary or higher level needs. Maslow also coined the term "metamotivation" to describe the motivation of people who go beyond the scope of the basic needs and strive for constant betterment.[8]
The human mind and brain are complex and have parallel processes running at the same time, thus many different motivations from various levels of Maslow's hierarchy can occur at the same time. Maslow spoke clearly about these levels and their satisfaction in terms such as "relative," "general," and "primarily." Instead of stating that the individual focuses on a certain need at any given time, Maslow stated that a certain need "dominates" the human organism.[9] Thus Maslow acknowledged the likelihood that the different levels of motivation could occur at any time in the human mind, but he focused on identifying the basic types of motivation and the order in which they should be met.
Physiological needs
Physiological needs are the physical requirements for human survival. If these requirements are not met, the human body cannot function properly and will ultimately fail. Physiological needs are thought to be the most important; they should be met first.
Air, water, and food are metabolic requirements for survival in all animals, including humans. Clothing and shelter provide necessary protection from the elements. While maintaining an adequate birth rate shapes the intensity of the human sexual instinct, sexual competition may also shape said instinct.[2]
Safety needs
With their physical needs relatively satisfied, the individual's safety needs take precedence and dominate behavior. In the absence of physical safety – due to war, natural disaster, family violence, childhood abuse, etc. – people may (re-)experience post-traumatic stress disorder or transgenerational trauma. In the absence of economic safety – due to economic crisis and lack of work opportunities – these safety needs manifest themselves in ways such as a preference for job security, grievance procedures for protecting the individual from unilateral authority, savings accounts, insurance policies, reasonable disability accommodations, etc. This level is more likely to be found in children because they generally have a greater need to feel safe.
Safety and Security needs include:
##Personal security
##Financial security
##Health and well-being
##Safety net against accidents/illness and their adverse impacts
Love and belonging
After physiological and safety needs are fulfilled, the third level of human needs is interpersonal and involves feelings of belongingness. This need is especially strong in childhood and can override the need for safety as witnessed in children who cling to abusive parents. Deficiencies within this level of Maslow's hierarchy – due to hospitalism, neglect, shunning, ostracism, etc. – can impact the individual's ability to form and maintain emotionally significant relationships in general, such as:
##Friendship
##Intimacy
##Family
According to Maslow, humans need to feel a sense of belonging and acceptance among their social groups, regardless whether these groups are large or small. For example, some large social groups may include clubs, co-workers, religious groups, professional organizations, sports teams, and gangs. Some examples of small social connections include family members, intimate partners, mentors, colleagues, and confidants. Humans need to love and be loved – both sexually and non-sexually – by others.[2] Many people become susceptible to loneliness, social anxiety, and clinical depression in the absence of this love or belonging element. This need for belonging may overcome the physiological and security needs, depending on the strength of the peer pressure.
Esteem
All humans have a need to feel respected; this includes the need to have self-esteem and self-respect. Esteem presents the typical human desire to be accepted and valued by others. People often engage in a profession or hobby to gain recognition. These activities give the person a sense of contribution or value. Low self-esteem or an inferiority complex may result from imbalances during this level in the hierarchy. People with low self-esteem often need respect from others; they may feel the need to seek fame or glory. However, fame or glory will not help the person to build their self-esteem until they accept who they are internally. Psychological imbalances such as depression can hinder the person from obtaining a higher level of self-esteem or self-respect.
Most people have a need for stable self-respect and self-esteem. Maslow noted two versions of esteem needs: a "lower" version and a "higher" version. The "lower" version of esteem is the need for respect from others. This may include a need for status, recognition, fame, prestige, and attention. The "higher" version manifests itself as the need for self-respect. For example, the person may have a need for strength, competence, mastery, self-confidence, independence, and freedom. This "higher" version takes precedence over the "lower" version because it relies on an inner competence established through experience. Deprivation of these needs may lead to an inferiority complex, weakness, and helplessness.
Maslow states that while he originally thought the needs of humans had strict guidelines, the "hierarchies are interrelated rather than sharply separated".[5] This means that esteem and the subsequent levels are not strictly separated; instead, the levels are closely related.
Self-actualization
Main article: Self-actualization
"What a man can be, he must be."[10] This quotation forms the basis of the perceived need for self-actualization. This level of need refers to what a person's full potential is and the realization of that potential. Maslow describes this level as the desire to accomplish everything that one can, to become the most that one can be.[11] Individuals may perceive or focus on this need very specifically. For example, one individual may have the strong desire to become an ideal parent. In another, the desire may be expressed athletically. For others, it may be expressed in paintings, pictures, or inventions.[12] As previously mentioned, Maslow believed that to understand this level of need, the person must not only achieve the previous needs, but master them.
Self-transcendence
In his later years, Maslow explored a further dimension of needs, while criticizing his own vision on self-actualization.[13] The self only finds its actualization in giving itself to some higher goal outside oneself, in altruism and spirituality.
Criticism
In their extensive review of research based on Maslow's theory, Wahba and Bridwell found little evidence for the ranking of needs that Maslow described or for the existence of a definite hierarchy at all.[19]
The order in which the hierarchy is arranged (with self-actualization described as the highest need) has been criticized as being ethnocentric by Geert Hofstede.[20] Maslow's hierarchy of needs fails to illustrate and expand upon the difference between the social and intellectual needs of those raised in individualistic societies and those raised in collectivist societies. The needs and drives of those in individualistic societies tend to be more self-centered than those in collectivist societies, focusing on improvement of the self, with self-actualization being the apex of self-improvement. In collectivist societies, the needs of acceptance and community will outweigh the needs for freedom and individuality.[21]
The term "Self-actualization" may not universally convey Maslow's observations; this motivation refers to focusing on becoming the best person that one can possibly strive for in the service of both the self and others.[9] Maslow's term of self-actualization might not properly portray the full extent of this level; quite often, when a person is at the level of self-actualization, much of what they accomplish in general may benefit others or, "the greater self".
The position and value of sex on the pyramid has also been a source of criticism regarding Maslow's hierarchy. Maslow's hierarchy places sex in the physiological needs category along with food and breathing; it lists sex solely from an individualistic perspective. For example, sex is placed with other physiological needs which must be satisfied before a person considers "higher" levels of motivation. Some critics feel this placement of sex neglects the emotional, familial, and evolutionary implications of sex within the community, although others point out that this is true of all of the basic needs.[22][23]
Changes to the hierarchy by circumstance
The higher-order (self-esteem and self-actualization) and lower-order (physiological, safety, and love) needs classification of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is not universal and may vary across cultures due to individual differences and availability of resources in the region or geopolitical entity/country.
In one study, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of a thirteen item scale showed there were two particularly important levels of needs in the US during the peacetime of 1993 to 1994: survival (physiological and safety) and psychological (love, self-esteem, and self-actualization). In 1991, a retrospective peacetime measure was established and collected during the Persian Gulf War and US citizens were asked to recall the importance of needs from the previous year. Once again, only two levels of needs were identified; therefore, people have the ability and competence to recall and estimate the importance of needs. For citizens in the Middle East (Egypt and Saudi Arabia), three levels of needs regarding importance and satisfaction surfaced during the 1990 retrospective peacetime. These three levels were completely different from those of the US citizens.
Changes regarding the importance and satisfaction of needs from the retrospective peacetime to the wartime due to stress varied significantly across cultures (the US vs. the Middle East). For the US citizens, there was only one level of needs since all needs were considered equally important. With regards to satisfaction of needs during the war, in the US there were three levels: physiological needs, safety needs, and psychological needs (social, self-esteem, and self-actualization). During the war, the satisfaction of physiological needs and safety needs were separated into two independent needs while during peacetime, they were combined as one. For the people of the Middle East, the satisfaction of needs changed from three levels to two during wartime.[24][25][26]
A 1981 study looked at how Maslow's hierarchy might vary across age groups.[27] A survey asked participants of varying ages to rate a set number of statements from most important to least important. The researchers found that children had higher physical need scores than the other groups, the love need emerged from childhood to young adulthood, the esteem need was highest among the adolescent group, young adults had the highest self-actualization level, and while old age had the highest level of security, it was needed across all levels comparably. The authors argued that this suggested Maslow's hierarchy may be limited as a theory for developmental sequence since the sequence of the love need and the self-esteem need should be reversed according to age.
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Animation Lab
For the animation lab, I based my animations off of the song Heavy by Linkin Park feat Kiiara. The song is about the difficulties and frustrations that people face in their lives, which can be considered to be rather "heavy" issues. I selected various lines from the lyrics and created animations that I thought portrayed them well. There are a total of three animations based off of the song. One is a sprite animation, a transition animation, and a translate/transform animation. All of the animations are done with CSS.


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2020 Robot Code
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Classes | |
| class | Setpoint |
Public Member Functions | |
| SetpointGenerator () | |
| void | reset () |
| synchronized Setpoint | getSetpoint (MotionProfileConstraints constraints, MotionProfileGoal goal, MotionState prev_state, double t) |
| MotionProfile | getProfile () |
Protected Attributes | |
| MotionProfile | mProfile = null |
| MotionProfileGoal | mGoal = null |
| MotionProfileConstraints | mConstraints = null |
A SetpointGenerate does just-in-time motion profile generation to supply a stream of setpoints that obey the given constraints to a controller. The profile is regenerated when any of the inputs change, but is cached (and trimmed as we go) if the only update is to the current state.
Note that typically for smooth control, a user will feed the last iteration's setpoint as the argument to getSetpoint(), and should only use a measured state directly on the first iteration or if a large disturbance is detected.
| frc.lib.motion.SetpointGenerator.SetpointGenerator | ( | ) |
| MotionProfile frc.lib.motion.SetpointGenerator.getProfile | ( | ) |
Get the full profile from the latest call to getSetpoint(). Useful to check estimated time or distance to goal.
| synchronized Setpoint frc.lib.motion.SetpointGenerator.getSetpoint | ( | MotionProfileConstraints | constraints, |
| MotionProfileGoal | goal, | ||
| MotionState | prev_state, | ||
| double | t | ||
| ) |
Get a new Setpoint (and generate a new MotionProfile if necessary).
| constraints | The constraints to use. |
| goal | The goal to use. |
| prev_state | The previous setpoint (or measured state of the system to do a reset). |
| t | The time to generate a setpoint for. |
| void frc.lib.motion.SetpointGenerator.reset | ( | ) |
Force a reset of the profile.
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protected |
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protected |