Abstract class which defines an objective/cost function which is optimized by and Optimizer object.
More...
|
| | OptimizerSystem () |
| |
| | OptimizerSystem (int nParameters) |
| |
| virtual | ~OptimizerSystem () |
| |
| virtual int | objectiveFunc (const Vector ¶meters, bool new_parameters, Real &f) const |
| | Objective/cost function which is to be optimized; return 0 when successful. More...
|
| |
| virtual int | gradientFunc (const Vector ¶meters, bool new_parameters, Vector &gradient) const |
| | Computes the gradient of the objective function; return 0 when successful. More...
|
| |
| virtual int | constraintFunc (const Vector ¶meters, bool new_parameters, Vector &constraints) const |
| | Computes the value of the constraints; return 0 when successful. More...
|
| |
| virtual int | constraintJacobian (const Vector ¶meters, bool new_parameters, Matrix &jac) const |
| | Computes Jacobian of the constraints; return 0 when successful. More...
|
| |
| virtual int | hessian (const Vector ¶meters, bool new_parameters, Vector &gradient) const |
| | Computes Hessian of the objective function; return 0 when successful. More...
|
| |
| void | setNumParameters (const int nParameters) |
| | Sets the number of parameters in the objective function. More...
|
| |
| void | setNumEqualityConstraints (const int n) |
| | Sets the number of equality constraints. More...
|
| |
| void | setNumInequalityConstraints (const int n) |
| | Sets the number of inequality constraints. More...
|
| |
| void | setNumLinearEqualityConstraints (const int n) |
| | Sets the number of lineaer equality constraints. More...
|
| |
| void | setNumLinearInequalityConstraints (const int n) |
| | Sets the number of lineaer inequality constraints. More...
|
| |
| void | setParameterLimits (const Vector &lower, const Vector &upper) |
| | Set the upper and lower bounds on the parameters. More...
|
| |
| int | getNumParameters () const |
| | Returns the number of parameters, that is, the number of variables that the Optimizer may adjust while searching for a solution. More...
|
| |
| int | getNumConstraints () const |
| | Returns the total number of constraints. More...
|
| |
| int | getNumEqualityConstraints () const |
| | Returns the number of equality constraints. More...
|
| |
| int | getNumInequalityConstraints () const |
| | Returns the number of inequality constraints. More...
|
| |
| int | getNumLinearEqualityConstraints () const |
| | Returns the number of linear equality constraints. More...
|
| |
| int | getNumNonlinearEqualityConstraints () const |
| | Returns the number of nonlinear equality constraints. More...
|
| |
| int | getNumLinearInequalityConstraints () const |
| | Returns the number of linear inequality constraints. More...
|
| |
| int | getNumNonlinearInequalityConstraints () const |
| | Returns the number of linear inequality constraints. More...
|
| |
| bool | getHasLimits () const |
| | Returns true if there are limits on the parameters. More...
|
| |
| void | getParameterLimits (Real **lower, Real **upper) const |
| | Returns the limits on the allowed values of each parameter, as an array of lower bounds and an array of upper bounds, with assumed lengths matching the number of parameters. More...
|
| |
Abstract class which defines an objective/cost function which is optimized by and Optimizer object.
The OptimizerSystem also defines any constraints which must be satisfied.


chdir, fchdir - change working directory
#include <unistd.h>
int chdir(const char *path);
int fchdir(int fd);
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
fchdir():
_XOPEN_SOURCE >= 500
|| /* Since glibc 2.12: */ _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200809L
|| /* Glibc up to and including 2.19: */ _BSD_SOURCE
chdir() changes the current working directory of the calling process to
the directory specified in path.
fchdir() is identical to chdir(); the only
difference is that the directory is given as an open file descriptor.
On success, zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set
appropriately.
Depending on the filesystem, other errors can be returned. The more general
errors for chdir() are listed below:
- EACCES
- Search permission is denied for one of the components of path. (See
also path_resolution(7).)
- EFAULT
- path points outside your accessible address space.
- EIO
- An I/O error occurred.
- ELOOP
- Too many symbolic links were encountered in resolving path.
- ENAMETOOLONG
- path is too long.
- ENOENT
- The directory specified in path does not exist.
- ENOMEM
- Insufficient kernel memory was available.
- ENOTDIR
- A component of path is not a directory.
The general errors for fchdir() are listed below:
- EACCES
- Search permission was denied on the directory open on fd.
- EBADF
- fd is not a valid file descriptor.
- ENOTDIR
- fd does not refer to a directory.
POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, SVr4, 4.4BSD.
The current working directory is the starting point for interpreting relative
pathnames (those not starting with '/').
A child process created via fork(2) inherits its parent's
current working directory. The current working directory is left unchanged
by execve(2).
chroot(2), getcwd(3), path_resolution(7)
This page is part of release 5.05 of the Linux man-pages project. A
description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest
version of this page, can be found at https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.


Salmon Cookie Sales
Sales Report
Home
Create New Store:
Store Name
Minimum Customers per Hour
Maximum Customers per Hour
Average Cookies per Customer
List of Stores:


How to watch the Trump impeachment hearings live on iPhone, Apple TV, more
by Michael PotuckThe first Trump impeachment hearings are happening and you can watch the public proceedings live on iPhone, iPad, Mac, Apple TV, and more.
From CBS today:
The impeachment inquiry of President Trump enters a new phase this week with open hearings before the House Intelligence Committee on Wednesday. Democrats are investigating whether the president betrayed his oath of office and placed his personal interests above national security through his communications with the Ukrainian president.
How to watch the first Trump impeachment hearings on iPhone, Apple TV, more
- In addition to the embed below, head to YouTube or the web to watch Trump’s public impeachment hearings live via: CBS News CSPAN Fox News CNN
Apple News also has coverage of the impeachment inquiry.
FTC: We use income earning auto affiliate links. More.


Macros | |
| #define | ACQ_ALREADY_OFF_ERROR 30006 |
| #define | ACQ_ALREADY_OFF_ERROR_STR "Image acquisition already OFF" |
| #define | ACQ_ALREADY_ON_ERROR 30005 |
| #define | ACQ_ALREADY_ON_ERROR_STR "Image acquisition already ON" |
| #define | CHUNK_NAME_ERROR 30008 |
| #define | CHUNK_NAME_ERROR_STR "Chunk inaccessible" |
| #define | CHUNK_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR 30007 |
| #define | CHUNK_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR_STR "Chunk not supported" |
| #define | EVENT_ALREADY_OFF_ERROR 30004 |
| #define | EVENT_ALREADY_OFF_ERROR_STR "Event already OFF" |
| #define | EVENT_ALREADY_ON_ERROR 30003 |
| #define | EVENT_ALREADY_ON_ERROR_STR "Event already ON" |
| #define | EVENT_NAME_ERROR 30012 |
| #define | EVENT_NAME_ERROR_STR "Event inaccessible" |
| #define | EVENT_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR 30011 |
| #define | EVENT_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR_STR "Event not supported" |
| #define | GENICAM_ERROR 30000 |
| #define | GENICAM_ERROR_STR "GenICam error" |
| #define | MODULE_ERROR 30001 |
| #define | MODULE_ERROR_STR "Invalid module name" |
| #define | NODE_ERROR 30002 |
| #define | NODE_ERROR_STR "Invalid GenICam node" |
| #define | TRIGGER_NAME_ERROR 30010 |
| #define | TRIGGER_NAME_ERROR_STR "Trigger inaccessible" |
| #define | TRIGGER_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR 30009 |
| #define | TRIGGER_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR_STR "Trigger not supported" |
| #define | UNKNOWN_ERROR 29999 |
| #define | UNKNOWN_ERROR_STR "Unknown exception error" |
| #define ACQ_ALREADY_OFF_ERROR 30006 |
Error code returned when disabling an-already-disabled image acquisition.
Definition at line 77 of file stheader.h.
| #define ACQ_ALREADY_OFF_ERROR_STR "Image acquisition already OFF" |
Definition at line 78 of file stheader.h.
| #define ACQ_ALREADY_ON_ERROR 30005 |
Error code returned when enabling an-already-enabled image acquisition.
Definition at line 73 of file stheader.h.
| #define ACQ_ALREADY_ON_ERROR_STR "Image acquisition already ON" |
Definition at line 74 of file stheader.h.
| #define CHUNK_NAME_ERROR 30008 |
Error code returned when enabling non-existance/inaccessible chunk.
Definition at line 85 of file stheader.h.
| #define CHUNK_NAME_ERROR_STR "Chunk inaccessible" |
Definition at line 86 of file stheader.h.
| #define CHUNK_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR 30007 |
Error code returned when accessing chunk while chunk is not supported.
Definition at line 81 of file stheader.h.
| #define CHUNK_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR_STR "Chunk not supported" |
Definition at line 82 of file stheader.h.
| #define EVENT_ALREADY_OFF_ERROR 30004 |
Error code returned when disabling an-already-disabled event.
Definition at line 69 of file stheader.h.
| #define EVENT_ALREADY_OFF_ERROR_STR "Event already OFF" |
Definition at line 70 of file stheader.h.
| #define EVENT_ALREADY_ON_ERROR 30003 |
Error code returned when enabling an-already-enabled event.
Definition at line 65 of file stheader.h.
| #define EVENT_ALREADY_ON_ERROR_STR "Event already ON" |
Definition at line 66 of file stheader.h.
| #define EVENT_NAME_ERROR 30012 |
Error code returned when enabling non-existance/inaccessible event or event node callback.
Definition at line 103 of file stheader.h.
| #define EVENT_NAME_ERROR_STR "Event inaccessible" |
Definition at line 104 of file stheader.h.
| #define EVENT_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR 30011 |
Error code returned when event is not fully supported.
Definition at line 98 of file stheader.h.
| #define EVENT_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR_STR "Event not supported" |
Definition at line 99 of file stheader.h.
| #define GENICAM_ERROR 30000 |
Error code returned when any GenICam/GenApi library throws exception.
Definition at line 52 of file stheader.h.
| #define GENICAM_ERROR_STR "GenICam error" |
Definition at line 53 of file stheader.h.
| #define MODULE_ERROR 30001 |
Error code returned when module name is invalid. Possible module name are as follows: System, Interface, LocalDevice, RemoteDevice, DataStream.
Definition at line 57 of file stheader.h.
| #define MODULE_ERROR_STR "Invalid module name" |
Definition at line 58 of file stheader.h.
| #define NODE_ERROR 30002 |
Error code returned when either node name is invalid or inaccessible.
Definition at line 61 of file stheader.h.
| #define NODE_ERROR_STR "Invalid GenICam node" |
Definition at line 62 of file stheader.h.
| #define TRIGGER_NAME_ERROR 30010 |
Error code returned when enabling non-existance/inaccessible trigger selector or source.
Definition at line 94 of file stheader.h.
| #define TRIGGER_NAME_ERROR_STR "Trigger inaccessible" |
Definition at line 95 of file stheader.h.
| #define TRIGGER_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR 30009 |
Error code returned when trigger is not fully supported.
Definition at line 89 of file stheader.h.
| #define TRIGGER_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR_STR "Trigger not supported" |
Definition at line 90 of file stheader.h.
| #define UNKNOWN_ERROR 29999 |
Error code returned when unknown exception happened.
Definition at line 48 of file stheader.h.
| #define UNKNOWN_ERROR_STR "Unknown exception error" |
Definition at line 49 of file stheader.h.


Collections and grants are strong tools that can be used to control access and visibility to resources in UCP.
This tutorial describes a fictitious company named OrcaBank that needs to configure an architecture in UCP with role-based access control (RBAC) for their application engineering group.
OrcaBank reorganized their application teams by product with each team providing shared services as necessary. Developers at OrcaBank do their own DevOps and deploy and manage the lifecycle of their applications.
OrcaBank has four teams with the following resource needs:
security
should have view-only access to all applications in the cluster.db
should have full access to all database applications and resources. See
DB Team.mobile
should have full access to their mobile applications and limited
access to shared db
services. See Mobile Team.payments
should have full access to their payments applications and limited
access to shared db
services.To assign the proper access, OrcaBank is employing a combination of default and custom roles:
View Only
(default role) allows users to see all resources (but not edit or use).Ops
(custom role) allows users to perform all operations against configs,
containers, images, networks, nodes, secrets, services, and volumes.View & Use Networks + Secrets
(custom role) enables users to view/connect to
networks and view/use secrets used by db
containers, but prevents them from
seeing or impacting the db
applications themselves.OrcaBank is also creating collections of resources to mirror their team structure.
Currently, all OrcaBank applications share the same physical resources, so all
nodes and applications are being configured in collections that nest under the
built-in collection, /Shared
.
Other collections are also being created to enable shared db
applications.
Note: For increased security with node-based isolation, use Docker Enterprise Advanced.
/Shared/mobile
hosts all Mobile applications and resources./Shared/payments
hosts all Payments applications and resources./Shared/db
is a top-level collection for all db
resources./Shared/db/payments
is a collection of db
resources for Payments applications./Shared/db/mobile
is a collection of db
resources for Mobile applications.The collection architecture has the following tree representation:
/
├── System
└── Shared
├── mobile
├── payments
└── db
├── mobile
└── payments
OrcaBank’s Grant composition ensures that their collection
architecture gives the db
team access to all db
resources and restricts
app teams to shared db
resources.
OrcaBank has standardized on LDAP for centralized authentication to help their identity team scale across all the platforms they manage.
To implement LDAP authentication in UCP, OrcaBank is using UCP’s native LDAP/AD integration to map LDAP groups directly to UCP teams. Users can be added to or removed from UCP teams via LDAP which can be managed centrally by OrcaBank’s identity team.
The following grant composition shows how LDAP groups are mapped to UCP teams.
OrcaBank is taking advantage of the flexibility in UCP’s grant model by applying
two grants to each application team. One grant allows each team to fully
manage the apps in their own collection, and the second grant gives them the
(limited) access they need to networks and secrets within the db
collection.
OrcaBank’s resulting access architecture shows applications connecting across collection boundaries. By assigning multiple grants per team, the Mobile and Payments applications teams can connect to dedicated Database resources through a secure and controlled interface, leveraging Database networks and secrets.
Note: In Docker Enterprise Standard, all resources are deployed across the same group of UCP worker nodes. Node segmentation is provided in Docker Enterprise Advanced and discussed in the next tutorial.
The db
team is responsible for deploying and managing the full lifecycle
of the databases used by the application teams. They can execute the full set of
operations against all database resources.
The mobile
team is responsible for deploying their own application stack,
minus the database tier that is managed by the db
team.


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Figure 1
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Global increase in heat exposure per carbon emission. Increa ... |
|
Figure 2
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Spatial representation of the increase in heat exposure with ... |
|
Figure 3
|
Comparison between different scenarios of the increase in he ... |
|
Figure 4
|
Annual labour productivity loss due to the increase in heat ... |
|
Figure 5
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Transient response of annual labour productivity loss \docum ... |


Latex beamer based pdf presntation
2014-07-18
###Latexbeamerbasedpdfpresntation###
- For creating a presentation with lot of images in it, a latex based presentation was preferred
- It is easier than ppt with tight control of formating and content referencing
- The presentation is based on this note and chosen Berlin theme within beamer’s n number of variety themes.
- Main problem faced was bibtex based referencing and it couldn’t be solved and used normal superscript referencing.
- Another problem faced was box and its colour choosing, it was solved follwoing this wonderful tutorial


NoSQL
Non-relational, next-generation operational datastores and databases -databases designed for the web and attacking the traditional problems that traditional DBs have such as scaling out.
-Horizontally scalable architectures => no joins + no complex transactions
Datamodels:
- Key / Value Stores - (memcached, Dynamo)
- Tabular (BigTable) - a hybrid
- Document Oriented (MongoDB, CouchDB)
Memcached and key/value are high on the scalability and performance side, but low on depth of functionality
RDBMS (relational database management systems) - strong depth of functionality with join models etc., low on the scalability and performance scale.
MongoDB- try to get the scalability and performance of a key/value store and try to make as functional as possible
What’s Missing? - Joins - Complex multi-row transactions - SQL
Terminology: In RDBMS // MongoDB - database => database like in MySQL - table => collection - row => document
MongoDB uses JSON style documents called BSON (binary JSON)
-There are not predefined schemas, can use nested structures to embed complex values based on the keys
1 2 3 4 5 6 |
|
MongoDB expects to have every document to have a ‘_id’ key– it’s a *unique primary key**
Dynamic Queries
1 2 3 4 5 6 |
|
MongoDB has its own document based query language.
Indexing
B-Tree indexes
1 2 3 4 |
|
Focus on Performance: Don’t use REST to talk to the database. Use a binary TCP wire protocol because it is faster.
Replica Sets
similar to master-slave replication, but there is a primary and secondary node
Auto-sharding
- split up the data so certain shards (which are groups of nodes- replica set or master //slave) are responsible for some subset of the data
Mongoid
Cheatsheet Intro by the creator RailsCast Docs
-Mongoid by default stores documents in a collection that is the pluralized form of the class name. For the following Person class, the collection the document would get stored in would be named people.
When a document is stored in the database the ruby object will get serialized into BSON and have a structure like so:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 |
|
Querying
1 2 3 4 5 6 |
|
Attributes
All relations contain a target, which is the proxied document or documents, a base which is the document the relation hangs off, and metadata which provides information about the relation.
attr_accessible and validation are the same in Mongo as in ActiveRecord
embeds_many similar to has_many => but the information is embedded in the document rather than in a separate record like in ActiveRecord. Will I need to fetch this record outside of the parent? If so, I need than has_many makes more sense. The advantage of course is that the information is right inside that record.
Embedded 1-1 relationships : The parent document of the relation should use the embeds_one macro to indicate is has 1 embedded child, where the document that is embedded uses embedded_in.
*Embedded 1-Many** : The parent document of the relation should use the embeds_many macro to indicate it has n number of embedded children, where the document that is embedded uses embedded_in.
Referenced 1-1 : The parent document of the relation should use the has_one macro to indicate is has 1 referenced child, where the document that is referenced in it uses belongs_to.
Referenced Many-to-Many : Many to many relationships where the inverse documents are stored in a separate collection from the base document are defined using Mongoid’s has_and_belongs_to_many macro. This exhibits similar behavior to Active Record with the exception that no join collection is needed, the foreign key ids are stored as arrays on either side of the relation.


s6-rc-db is a tool to analyze a compiled service database and extract information from it, and print it in a user-friendly format.
It is an offline tool, i.e. you can run it on any compiled service database without actually having a live set of services managed by s6-rc. However, if you do have a live set, you can still run s6-rc-db on the current database (and it is the default); it won't interfere with your normal service operation.
s6-rc-db help s6-rc-db [ -l live ] [ -c compiled ] [ -b ] check s6-rc-db [ -l live ] [ -c compiled ] [ -b ] list all|services|oneshots|longruns|bundles s6-rc-db [ -l live ] [ -c compiled ] [ -b ] type servicename s6-rc-db [ -l live ] [ -c compiled ] [ -b ] [ -u | -d ] timeout atomicname s6-rc-db [ -l live ] [ -c compiled ] [ -b ] contents bundlename s6-rc-db [ -l live ] [ -c compiled ] [ -b ] [ -u | -d ] dependencies servicename s6-rc-db [ -l live ] [ -c compiled ] [ -b ] pipeline longrunname s6-rc-db [ -l live ] [ -c compiled ] [ -b ] [ -u | -d ] script oneshotname s6-rc-db [ -l live ] [ -c compiled ] [ -b ] flags atomicname s6-rc-db [ -l live ] [ -c compiled ] [ -b ] atomics servicename... s6-rc-db [ -l live ] [ -c compiled ] [ -b ] [ -u | -d ] all-dependencies servicename...
Prints a help message on stdout.
Checks the database consistency. Exits 4 with an error message if it finds a problem, such as a mismatch in the direct and reverse dependency tables, or a dependency cycle.
Lists all services of a given type. This subcommand takes a second subcommand:
Lists everything - atomic services and bundles - contained in the database.
Lists all atomic services.
Lists oneshots.
Lists longruns.
Lists all bundles.
Prints the type of servicename: oneshot, longrun or bundle.
Prints the timeout value, in milliseconds, after which bringing atomicname up or down is considered a failure if the called script still has not succeeded. By default, or if the -u option has been given to s6-rc-db, the timeout for up is printed; the timeout for down is printed instead if the -d option has been given.
Lists the atomic services represented by bundle bundlename.
Prints the list of direct dependencies for servicename. If servicename is a bundle, its set of direct dependencies is the union of the direct dependencies of all the atomic services contained in the bundle.
If the -d option has been given to s6-rc-db, the reverse dependencies are given instead: services that directly depend on servicename, or on one of its components if it is a bundle.
Prints the longrun service pipeline longrunname is a part of, one service per line, producers before consumers. If longrunname isn't part of a pipeline, only longrunname is printed.
Prints the up script for oneshotname, which is an argv, i.e. a Unix command line. Each component of this command line is terminated by a null character, so to print it in a human-readable format, pipe the output into something like xargs -0 echo.
If the -d option has been given to s6-rc-db, the down script is printed instead.
Prints a hexadecimal number that is the list of all binary flags for atomic service atomicname.
Those binary flags are currently unused, but this may change in a future version of s6-rc.
Prints the fully resolved list of services represented by the servicename... arguments, i.e. the union of all atomic services contained in servicename.... Each argument in servicename... can be an atomic service or a bundle.
Prints the list of all atomic services needed to bring up all of the servicename... arguments, with all their dependencies, recursively. In other words: for servicename... to be up, every single service listed in the output will need to be up. The output includes the atomic services represented by the servicename... arguments themselves.
The list is not topologically sorted.
If the -d option has been given to s6-rc-db, the recursive list of reverse dependencies is printed: for servicename... to be down, every single service listed in the output will need to be down.


We look at two different metrics to answer these questions. Keep in mind that these metrics use only party affiliation and election results and do not consider geography or voter demographics, and note that there are other measures of partisan advantage.
in-context


Calculates a series of regularity features from the inputted attractor mAttractorp1 of dimension (m+1), using the tolerance value rParam. Approximate entropy (AE): Pincus, S. M., Gladstone, I. M., & Ehrenkranz, R. A. (1991). A regularity statistic for medical data analysis. Journal of clinical monitoring, 7(4), 335-345. Sample entropy (SE): Richman, J. S., & Moorman, J. R. (2000). Physiological time-series analysis using approximate entropy and sample entropy. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 278(6), H2039-H2049. modified Sample Entropy (mSE): Xie, H. B., He, W. X., & Liu, H. (2008). Measuring time series regularity using nonlinear similarity-based sample entropy. Physics Letters A, 372(48), 7140-7146. Gaussian Sample Entropy (GE): Xu, L. S., Wang, K. Q., & Wang, L. (2005, August). Gaussian kernel approximate entropy algorithm for analyzing irregularity of time-series. In 2005 international conference on machine learning and cybernetics (Vol. 9, pp. 5605-5608). IEEE. Fuzzy Entropy (FE): Chen, W., Zhuang, J., Yu, W., & Wang, Z. (2009). Measuring complexity using fuzzyen, apen, and sampen. Medical engineering & physics, 31(1), 61-68.


Event Name here
Event Details
Date :-
DD-MM-YYYY
Address :-
Hosted By :-
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You have already booked ticket
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{% extends "activity/competition_list.html" %} {% load humanize %} {% block pageheader %}
| Rep | {{ entry.rep }} |
|---|---|
| Product | {{ entry.product }} |
| Company | {{ entry.competing_company }} |
| Competing Product | {{ entry.competing_product }} |
| Activity | {{ entry.activity|linebreaks }} |
| Expected Effect | {{ entry.expected_effect|linebreaks }} |
| Suggestion | {{ entry.suggestion|linebreaks }} |
| Entered On | {{ entry.recorded_date }} |


allneeded(1) teTeX allneeded(1) NAME allneeded - force the calculation of all fonts now needed SYNOPSIS allneeded [-r] files ... DESCRIPTION allneeded forces the calculation of all fonts that are needed to preview a set of dvi files. Just specify where the program should search for files on the commandline. The fonts generation is triggered by running dvips(1) over all accessible dvi-files. Therefore, the fonts are created in the resolution needed by dvips. If the -r flag is specified, the command dvired(1) will be used instead of dvips. allneeded does not recalculate existing fonts (as long as the Metafont mode does not change). SEE ALSO allec(1), allcm(1), dvips(1), dvired(1). AUTHOR Thomas Esser<EMAIL_ADDRESS>teTeX 11/94 allneeded(1)


:: com :: sun :: star :: frame ::
|
| deprecated |
interface XConfigManager |
|
|
|
- Usage Restrictions
- deprecated
|
| Methods' Details |
addPropertyChangeListener
- Usage Restrictions
- deprecated
- Description
- add a listener to notify changes on well known variables
inside the real implementation
Listener can update his text values by calling XConfigManager::substituteVariables()
again. If KeyName specifies a group of keys, the listener gets one notify for each subkey.
- Parameter KeyName
- specifies variable about listener will be informed on changes
- Parameter Listener
- listener which will be informed
- See also
- XConfigManager::removePropertyChangeListener()
|
|
removePropertyChangeListener
- Usage Restrictions
- deprecated
- Description
- remove a registered listener
- Parameter KeyName
- specifies variable on which listener was registered
- Parameter Listener
- listener which will be deregistered
- See also
- XConfigManager::addPropertyChangeListener()
|
|
substituteVariables
| string |
| substituteVariables( |
[in] string |
Text ); |
- Description
- substitute variables (place holder) inside given parameter Text
The value of Text is NOT changed.
- Parameter Text
- original value including variables
- Returns
- changed copy of Text without any variables
|
|
flush
- Usage Restrictions
- deprecated
- Description
- was designed for additional functionality for interface ::com::sun::star::registry::XSimpleRegistry
and make no sense without that
|
|
Top of Page
Copyright © 2013, The Apache Software Foundation, Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. Apache, the Apache feather logo, Apache OpenOffice and OpenOffice.org are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.


Daisy the yellow lab and I had an amazing training session in the park today. We worked on the command "heel" as well as "come". Training is as rewarding for the dog owner as it is for the dog. Keeping your pet mentally and physically active is incredibly important to a well rounded and well behaved pet.
Read MoreToday we had a group of the most well behaved dogs I know, go to our local watering hole, otherwise known as the Midtown Dog Pool. Not only does being in a pack help your dog form important socializg skills, but swimming could not be a better workout for man's best friend. As soon as we get them into the truck to go home they are all pooped!
Read MoreHere in Chicago we are no strangers to freezing and BELOW freezing temperatures in the winter months. That being said it is incredibly important to make sure your dog stays warm, free of road salt in their paws, and much more. Road and sidewalk salt can be incredibly determental to your pets paws, causing chemical burns, cracking, and severe drying of the pads of their paws. This is why it is so important to protect them.
Read More


Lydia Warren is a classical pianist, harpist, church musician, and private piano instructor. Her deepest musical passions lie in the art of collaboration and she thrives working alongside fellow musicians and artists. Born and raised in Nashville, TN, she spent five years in Lynchburg, VA maintaining an active performance career, performing in frequent chamber recitals and programs with singers and instrumentalists, including her own contemporary piano duo with pianist and composer Ezra LaFleur.
She music directed multiple shows at the Academy Center for the Arts, Sweet Briar College Performing Arts Department, and Masterworx Theatre, as well as playing in numerous pits and holding rehearsal pianist positions.
Past influential teachers include Dr. Tad Hardin, Dr. Kristian Klefstad, Dr. Jerome Reed, and Dr. Elisabeth Pridonoff.
Warren seeks to inspire musicians and fans of music to expand their musical horizons into contemporary classical music; including minimalism, serialism, neoclassical, and electronic music. She is deeply inspired by the works of John Adams, Dmitri Shostakovich, John Cage, Bill Evans, and Caroline Shaw to name a few.
Liberty University, B.S. in Instrumental Music, minor in Vocal Music, 2020
Tennessee Governor’s School for the Arts, 2013


The Cleveland Browns wide receiver took his Instagram followers on a tour of the incredible jersey collection in his home, and it was quite the sight to behold. Beckham has signed jerseys from some of the biggest names playing in the league today, including the jerseys of a few retired legends.
That’s one heck of a jersey collection, and Beckham likely isn’t done adding to it.


The Edit tab
Validation
The one-stage approach uses just the parse
method.
Regular expressions
If you’re not already familiar with regular expressions, this may be a good opportunity to get started. It may seem like a deep subject, but it’s really not. It is however beyond the scope of this tutorial to teach regular expressions, but here are a few recommendations:
-
Make use of the
match(regex)
string method
Use String.prototype.match with capture groups.
-
Be sure to test the whole input string
Begin your "regex" with ^ and end it with $. This is important in this context, for it restricts the regex to matching the entire input; without this the search could get a positive hit within the input.
function parse(s) {
var n, m = s.match(/^(\d+)°$/);
if (!m || isNaN(n = Number(m[1])) {
throw new SyntaxError; // or throw true
}
return n;
}
Here’s a brute force approach that takes advantage of the fact that Number
requires the whole input to be parseable (unlike pareseInt
); but then you do need to make sure the user didn’t include a fractional part becuase this accepts all number formats, including floating point, but also including exponential notation, and hex and octal. So really not good for validating integers!
function parse(s) {
var i, j = s.length - 1, n = 0, digit;
if (s[j] == '°') {
throw true;
}
for (i = j; --i) {
digit = s.charCodeAt(i) - 48;
if (0 > i || i > 9) {
throw true;
}
n = n * 10 + digit;;
}
return parseInt(s);
}
If Number
threw an error rather than returning NaN
that would simplify things:
function getNumber(s)
var n = Number(s);
if (isNaN(n)) {
throw new SyntaxError;
}
return n;
}
function parse(s) {
s = s.replace(/°$/, '');
var n = getNumber(s);
n = Math.floor(n);
return n;
}
Or since all these statements are now assignments:
function parse(s) {
return Math.floor(getNumber(s.replace(/°$/, '')));
}


---
layout: post
title: 'Hacks/Hackers Portland Meetup » Calagator: Portland''s Tech Calendar'
date: '2012-05-11T08:21:55-07:00'
tags:
tumblr_url: http://alexhwilliams.tumblr.com/post/22842948478/hacks-hackers-portland-meetup-calagator-portlands
---
Hacks/Hackers Portland Meetup » Calagator: Portland's Tech Calendar
Interested in data journalism? Come join us for the first Hack/Hackers meetup!


- Owner {{owner.full_name}}
-
{{c.type}} · {{c.full_name}}
remove
Invite Collaborators
Make sure the person you're inviting is on the team that has access to this repository.
This must be done in Github.
coming soon
We should probably add the ability to manage project name, estimation settings, etc. from here.


Here is Red Canyon Slot aka Peekaboo Canyon!
Click here for more information.This is Mt. Hood I climbed in March 2020 via Devil's Kitchen route.
This is Cathedral Peak I climbed in August 2019. Yosemite National Park.
Thanks for reading about my favorite places!


About
Star Wars
Senate Baseball Cards
Hey I'm Anna
a web developer
These are some of my projects...
Oquirrh Mountain Ballet Company
my Medium article
Star Wars Films
Senate "Baseball" Cards
Let's work together...
Here's how to find me:
Instagram
GitHub
Twitter
LinkedIn


Technically speaking, this is not strictly a Unix Revelation. Still, to me it's useful enough to note this down.
We all know Java runs in a virtual machine, and assigns itself in 80% of the cases too little memory to do some real work. Result? Well, this:
Sun gave us the -Xmx flag to increase the heap size (and -Xms to increase the stack size).
This works nicely from the commandline, the next challenge was to do something similar from an R environment. Using RWeka, which in turn depends on rJava, I found myself hitting the limit every time (which defaults to 512 MB).
The solution is to supply this -Xmx parameter before the Java Virtual Machine is initialized. From the R shell, invoke this:
> library( "RWeka" )
This will override the default setting and assign 4 gigabytes of heap space to the Java environment. Of course, you still need to have at least that amount of RAM.


{{merge to|Weetabix|discuss=Talk:Weetabix#Proposed merge with Oatibix|date=February 2014}} {{no footnotes|date=March 2013}}
Oatibix is a breakfast cereal that was introduced in the United Kingdom in August 2006. It was invented and created by Weetabix Limited, which also produced the similar Weetabix breakfast cereal.
Contents |
Oatibix is similar to Weetabix, but it is made from oats rather than wheat. It was introduced with the advert when a delivery truck carrying it shows made up name "Not Made From Wheat Made From Oats Instead-Abix". Oatibix was voted "Product of the Year" in 2008.{{citation needed|date=February 2012}}
In April 2007, Weetabix Limited also introduced Oatiflakes, which is also released with Raisin, Cranberry and Blackcurrant varieties.
Oatibix Bites are a smaller "bite-sized" version of Oatibix that can be "poured" into a bowl, similar to Weetabix Minis, and more like a traditional breakfast cereal. It is available as Oatibix Bites, Oatibix Bites with Sultana and Apple and Oatibix Bites with Cranberry varieties.
{{food-product-stub}} {{breakfast-stub}}


PIP problem asks whether a given point lies inside, outside, or on the boundary of a polygon. Using the ray casting algorithm, we can count how many times the point intersects the edges of the polygon. If the number of the intersections is even, the point is on the outside of the polygon. If the number of the intersections is odd, the point is on the inside or on the boundary of a polygon.
Assume that point \(P\) is the intersection point of line-segment defined by points \(A\) and \(B\), and ray defined by points \(C\) and \(D\). Point \(P\) is then expressed by set of two equations: \[ \left\{\begin{align} P &= s(B - A) + A\text {, where } 0 \leq s \leq 1 \text{, and} \\ P &= r(D - C) + C\text {, where } r \geq 0 \text{.} \end{align}\right. \] \[ r = \tfrac{(B_x - A_x)(C_y - A_y) - (C_x - A_x)(B_y - A_y)}{(D_x - C_x)(B_y - A_y) - (B_x - A_x)(D_y - C_y)} \] \[ s = \tfrac{(A_x - C_x)(D_y - C_y) - (D_x - C_x)(A_y - C_y)}{(D_x - C_x)(B_y - A_y) - (B_x - A_x)(D_y - C_y)} \] Having \(s\) and \(r\) calculated, we can calculate \(P\) using one of the equations from the set.
Consider ray \(AB\) starting at \(A = (A_x, A_y)\) going through \(B = (B_x, B_y)\). We want to find such point \(C = (C_x, C_y)\) that ray \(AC\) would be rotated by \(\phi\) with \(A\) being the origin point. \(C\) coordinates would be as follow: \[ \left\{\begin{align} C_x &= (B_x - A_x)cos(\phi) - (B_y - A_y)\sin(\phi) + A_x \\ C_y &= (B_y - A_y)cos(\phi) + (B_x - A_x)\sin(\phi) + A_y \end{align}\right. \]
\[ P_1 > P_2 \leftrightarrow atan2(P_{1_y} - A_y, P_{1_x} - A_x) > (P_{2_y} - A_y, P_{2_x} - A_x) \]
Let \(P\) be an intersection point, \(A\) a ray's anchor point, \(B\) a point on the ray, \(C\) a circle's center point and \(r\) a circle's radius. \[ \left\{\begin{align} a &= (B_x - A_x) ^ 2 + (B_y - A_y) ^ 2 \\ b &= 2((B_x - A_x)(A_x - C_x) + (B_y - A_y)(A_y - C_y)) \\ c &= (A_x - C_x) ^ 2 + (A_y - C_y) ^ 2 - r ^ 2 \\ \Delta &= b ^ 2 - 4ac \end{align}\right. \]
Only if \(\Delta = 0\): \[ \begin{align} t = \tfrac{-b}{2a} \end{align} \] Only if \(t \geq 0\): \[ \left\{\begin{align} P_x &= t(B_x - A_x) + A_x \\ P_y &= t(B_y - A_y) + A_y \end{align}\right. \]
Only if \(\Delta > 0\): \[ \left\{\begin{align} t_1 &= \tfrac{-b -\sqrt{\Delta}}{2a} \\ t_2 &= \tfrac{-b +\sqrt{\Delta}}{2a} \\ \end{align}\right. \] Only if \(t_i \geq 0\): \[ \left\{\begin{align} P_{i_x} &= t_i(B_x - A_x) + A_x \\ P_{i_y} &= t_i(B_y - A_y) + A_y \end{align}\right. \]
Using spatial hashmaps allows to divide the play area into smaller cells (of predefined size). Each cell consists of a list containing our shapes (most likely line-segments). If a single shape spans across multiple cells, it will be included in all of them.
We can use them for things such as implementing viewports, visibility circles and flashlights.
Using spatial hashmaps and modified Bresenham's line algorithm, we can traverse the grid in an efficient manner making as few checks as required. The algorithm should stop when the first cell with an intersection point is found.
You can read more about Bresenham's line algorithm here, and its modified version here.
Let \(P_i\) be tangent points, \(A\) a ray's anchor point, \(C\) a circle's center point and \(r\) a circle's radius.
We will also be moving all points using translation vector \(\overrightarrow{v} = (-C_x, -C_y)\): \(X^\prime = X + \overrightarrow{v}\), so the circle's center is at \((0,0)\).

\]
Only if \(\Delta = 0\): \[ \left\{\begin{align} P_y ^ \prime &= \tfrac{-b}{2a} \\ P_x ^ \prime &= \tfrac{r ^ 2 - P_y ^ \prime A_y ^ \prime }{A_x ^ \prime} \end{align}\right. \] \[ \left\{\begin{align} P_x &= P_x ^ \prime + C_x \\ P_y &= P_y ^ \prime + C_y \end{align}\right.
\]
Only if \(\Delta = 0\): \[ \left\{\begin{align} P_x ^ \prime &= \tfrac{-b}{2a} \\ P_y ^ \prime &= \tfrac{r ^ 2}{A_y ^ \prime} \end{align}\right. \] \[ \left\{\begin{align} P_x &= P_x ^ \prime + C_x \\ P_y &= P_y ^ \prime + C_y \end{align}\right. \]
Only if \(\Delta > 0\): \[ \left\{\begin{align} P_{1_x} ^ \prime &= \tfrac{-b -\sqrt{\Delta}}{2a} \\ P_{2_x} ^ \prime &= \tfrac{-b +\sqrt{\Delta}}{2a} \\ P_{i_y} ^ \prime &= \tfrac{r ^ 2}{A_y ^ \prime} \end{align}\right. \] \[ \left\{\begin{align} P_{i_x} &= P_{i_x} ^ \prime + C_x \\ P_{i_y} &= P_{i_y} ^ \prime + C_y \end{align}\right.
\]
Only if \(\Delta = 0\): \[ \left\{\begin{align} P_y ^ \prime &= \tfrac{-b}{2a} \\ P_x ^ \prime &= \tfrac{r ^ 2}{A_x ^ \prime} \end{align}\right. \] \[ \left\{\begin{align} P_x &= P_x ^ \prime + C_x \\ P_y &= P_y ^ \prime + C_y \end{align}\right. \]
Only if \(\Delta > 0\): \[ \left\{\begin{align} P_{1_y} ^ \prime &= \tfrac{-b -\sqrt{\Delta}}{2a} \\ P_{2_y} ^ \prime &= \tfrac{-b +\sqrt{\Delta}}{2a} \\ P_{i_x} ^ \prime &= \tfrac{r ^ 2}{A_x ^ \prime} \end{align}\right. \] \[ \left\{\begin{align} P_{i_x} &= P_{i_x} ^ \prime + C_x \\ P_{i_y} &= P_{i_y} ^ \prime + C_y \end{align}\right. \]
Case #4 (\(A_x ^ \prime = A_y ^ \prime = 0\)):
No tangent points (\(A = C\)).


Encounters
Last
Description: This is the 508 compliant static HTML/CSS mock up of the Encounters Applet Continuation view. This applet displays encounters and visits of the following types: Outpatient Visits, Admissions, Appointments and Procedures.
Documentation: Please also view Encounters Applet Continuation wireframe, and Use Scenario Case Documentation [PDF, XXKB] for full details on implementation.


There are many Question banks available
previous and latest question papers available
Question PaperFather of Aryaman,class 8
“My son is so excited to learn
coding.Everything from the
teacher,to the platform, to the
classes is top notch!
Great to see him learn
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Mother of Anjali, Class 5
“It’s been 3 months since
I enrolled my daughter
in English with Lido,
and now she speaks in
English only – and she
sounds just so confident!”
Mother of Chhavi, Class 7
"Lido has made my daughter
passionate about Science.
She now sees Science in
everything around her!
It’s brilliant!"


Litecoin is the creation and transfer of coins
is based on an open source cryptographic protocol
and and is not managed by any central authority
The upside to Litecoin is the the transactions are
much faster then it's leading competitor Bitcoin
Want to learn more about Litecoin? Click HERE


Built with developers in mind, Robot goes above and beyond to provide a simple and robust API
Robot supports most consumer-grade desktop operating systems available on the market
Forget dependencies, Robot is written from the ground up using only common system libraries
Now everybody can enjoy their favorite features of Robot completely through Node.js and JavaScript


Profile Definition
Profiles are defined by a JSON Object. The JSON Object is composed of identifier/expression pairs, where the identifier is delimited by double quotes.
Syntax
The Profile language is defined by a grammar, which is written in using ABNF, which is defined in RFC5234. This grammar uses many of the core syntax rules defined in Appendix B1, which are reproduced for the readers convenience in Appendix A of this document.
In addition, the following basic syntax rules are used throughout this grammar. Similar to RFC5234 basic rules are in uppercase. These typically resolve to terminal values in one evaluation step.
BACKSPACE = %x08 ; backspace
VTAB = %x0B ; vertical tab
FORMFEED = %x0C ; form feed
NEWLINE = LF / CR LF ; depends on the operating system
OWS = *WSP ; optional whitespace
DQ = DQUOTE ; short form of double quote
GROUP = "0x" 4HEXDIG ; a DICOM group
TAG = "0x" 8HEXDIG ; a DICOM Data Element Tag
{ = "{" ; syntactic sugar
} = "}" ; ...
ABNF List Extension: #Rule
A # syntax rule is an extension to the ABNF rules of RFC5234. It is
used to improve readability. The "#" rule is similar to "*" and is used
to define comma-delimited lists of syntatic expressions or sexp
.
The full form is:
<a>*<b>sexp
where <a> and <b> are optional decimal values, indicating at least <a> and at most <b> occurrences of the sexp. Each sexp, except the last, is separated from the next sexp with a comma (','). If zero or one sexp are present then no commas are generated.
Default values are a = 0
and b = infinity
so that
#<sexp>
allows any number, including zero; 1*<sexp>
requires at least one; 3*3<sexp>
allows exactly 3; and
1*2<sexp>
allows one or two.
Note: this is different from the list extension rule defined in RFC7030, which requires at least one sexp.
Expressions
There are two types of expressions: simple and general.
Simple expressions have the following syntax:
sexp = number/ identifier / string / array
General expressions also includes environments and Profile Rules
(prules
). They have the following syntax:
exp = sexp / environment / private-group / prules
When evaluated, an expression computes a literal value, typically a string.
Numbers
While JSON only allows a single type of number, the Profiler provides additional number types that correspond to different DICOM Value Representations (VR).
Integers
The general type of integers is integer
. Integers are sub-devided
into signed and unsigned integers.
Unsigned integers are always non-negative and have no sign.
Unsigned integers have the prefix uint
and trailing digits that
denote the maximum number of bits in a value of that type. There are 3
specific types of uint
:
uint8, uint16, uint32
Signed integers have an optional sign. They have the prefix int
and trailing digits that denote the maximum number of bits in a value of
that type. There are 2 specific types of int
:
int16, int32
Decimal Numbers
The general type of decimal numbers is decimal
. There are two
specific subtypes of decimal numbers:
float32, float64
Number Syntax
Numbers have the following syntax:
uint = 1*DIGIT
uint8 = uint ; 8 bit unsigned integer
uint16 = uint ; 16 bit unsigned integer
uint32 = uint ; 32 bit unsigned integer
SIGN = "-" / "+"
integer = [SIGN] uint
int16 = integer ; 16 bit signed integer
int32 = integer ; 32 bit signed integer
EXPMARK = "E" / "e"
exponent = EXPMARK [SIGN] uint ;
decimal = [SIGN] uint ["."]
decimal =/ [SIGN] *DIGIT "." uint [exponent]
decimal =/ [SIGN] uint ["." *DIGIT] exponent
float32 = decimal ; 32 bit floating point number
float64 = decimal ; 32 bit floating point number
The types with trailing digits specify the maximum number of bits in their representation. If there are no trailing digits the type is general.
Before storing decimal values the Profiler will convert VRs of DS into the following canonical string format:
sign uint "." uint "E" sign uint
The SIGN
, ".", "E" (canonical exponent marker) and uint
shall be
present. uint
s must have at least one digit, which may be
zero.
Identifier
An Identifier is a string that has at least one (initial) character. The initial character may be an alphabetic or '_' character. Subsequent characters may be alphabetic, numeric or '_'.
Identifiers are case insensitive. So, "abc", "aBc", and "ABC" represent the same identifier.
Identifiers have the following syntax:
initial = ALPHA / "_"
subsequent = initial / DIGIT
identifier = initial *subsequent
String
In general, the Profiler supports UTF-8 strings. However, all DICOM VRs do not support UTF-8 strings, so the Profiler will ensure that only valid strings are stored in elements.
The Profiler supports embedding expressions in strings, aka Interpolated Strings. When the string is evaluated each embedded expression is evaluated and the resulting values are converted (coerced) into strings and replace the embedded expression the enclosing string.
An unescaped $ character in a string signifies the beginning of an interpolated expression. The $ sign may be followed by either:
- a single identifier:
$id
- a simple expression delimited by curly braces:
${ sexp }
The form $id
is equivalent to ${id}
. An interpolated string
"s1${e}s2"
is equivalent to the concatenation of the strings
"s1"
, e.toString()
and "s2"
.
Where e.toString()
is the result of evaluating e
and converting it into a string.
A string is said to be raw or fully evaluated when it no longer contains any escape sequences or interpolation expressions.
Note: The expression inside the interpolation could itself include strings, which could again be interpolated recursively; however, the Profiler does not support recursive interpolation.
Strings can be composed of any UTF-8 visible code point except "
,
$
, and \
, or NEWLINE
. These characters must be
escaped
using the \
character. There are also character escapes
defined for certain control characters.
The following character escape sequences are defined:
\" = DQ
\$ = "$"
\\ = "\"
\b = BACKSPACE
\f = FORMFEED
\n = NEWLINE
\r = CR
\t = TAB
\v = VTAB
There are also code point escapes, which allow code point values to be embedded in strings. These are expressed using the following escape sequences.
\x 2HEXDIG
\u ( 4HEXDIG / { 1*6HEXDIG } )
The syntax for Strings is:
; UTF-8 except ", $, \ and control characters
utf8 = %x32-33 / %x35 / %x37-91 / %x93-7E / %x0100-FFFF
; Character and code point escape sequences
esc-char = "\" (DQ / "\" / "/" / "b" / "f" / "n" / "r" / "t" / "$")
esc-cp = "\" ( ("x" 2HEXDIG) / ("u" 4HEXDIG) / ("u" { 1*6HEXDIG } ) )
escape = "\" (esc-char / esc-cp)
; UTF-8 code points
codepoint = UTF8 / escape
; String interpolation expressions
iexp = "$" ( identifier / { exp } )
; String (interpolated)
string = DQ (*codepoint / iexp) DQ
Arrays
Arrays have the following syntax:
array = "[" #exp "]"
where #exp denotes a comma separated list of zero or more expressions.
Private Groups
Private Groups have the following syntax:
private = { #group-def }
group-def = creator ":" { #element }
creator = DQ identifier DQ
element = ptag ":" "[" vr, values "]"
ptag = "0x" 4HEX
vr = 2[A-Z] ; where vr corresponds to a DICOM vr
values = "[" #value "]" ; an Array of one or more vales
value = string / number
Environment
An environment is similar to a JSON object that contains a set of
variable definitions, which are also known as identifier/string pairs.
The variable name is an identifier
, and in JSON it must be
delimited by double quotes. A quote delimited identifier is called
called a qidentifier
.
Each variable identifier in an environment must be unique. The variables defined in an environment are used in evaluating Profile Rules.
Environments have the following syntax:
env = { #var-def}
var-def= OWS qidentifier OWS ":" OWS string OWS
qidentifier = DQ identifier DQ
Note: DQ denotes a literal double quote character
"
, andOWS
is optional whitespace.
Rules
Each Profile defines a set of Rules using a syntax that is similar to a JSON object. Each Rule has 1) a target Data Element, which is denoted by its DICOM keyword, and 2) a value expression that generates a value for the target element. The target and value expression are often referred to as a target/value pair. Each target in a Profile must be unique and must refer to a DICOM Data Element keywords defined in PS3.6, Table 1-1.
TODO: Should we allow tags as well as keywords to be the target?
The set of Rules for a Profile are defined using the following syntax:
rules = { #rule-pair }
rule-pair = OWS target OWS ":" 1*(OWS rule)
target = DQ keyword DQ ; DICOM Data Element keyword
rule = identifier / string / function / string-list / number-list
function = identifier "(" #arg ")"
arg = sexp
string-list = "[" #string "]"
number-list = "[" #number "]"
The rules in a Profile are evaluated in the tag order of the
target
elements. Each rule is fully evaluated before the of
following rule is evaluated.
Each Rule is evaluated in left to rigt order as follows:
-
Variables are resolved against the current environment and are replaced by their values. If the value of a variable is a non-raw string, then the string is evaluated against the environment until it is fully resolved and the value is the fully resolved string. If the string cannot be fully resolved the Profiler will throw an error.
-
Non-raw strings are evaluated against the current environment until they they are fully resolved.
-
Expressions in Lists are evaluated in left to right order until they are fully resolved.
-
Function arguments are evaluated in left to right order until they are resolved. The evaluation order for optional arguments is the order in which they are defined by their function.
-
If the function defines an argument that is a
source
element, and it is not present, then the value of thetarget
element, if any, is used as the value of the source. If thetarget
element does not exist or has no value. Its value is the""
for string VRs, andnull
for all other VRs. -
Functions are evaluated once their arguments are all evaluated.
-
If the resulting value is a sequence of strings possibly separated by optional whitespace (OWS). The strings are concatenated together and the resulting string becomes the value of the rule.
-
If the resulting values are separated by commas, the value of the rule is the list of values.
-
Finally, the resulting value is stored in the
target
element if it exists. If it does not exist thetarget
may be created if the first function specifies that non-present elements shall be created.
Once all the rules have been evaluated and applied to their
target
s, The application of the Profile is complete.
Appendica A
The grammar defined in this document uses the following core rules from RFC5234.
ALPHA = %x41-5A / %x61-7A
BIT = "0" / "1"
CHAR = %x01-7F
CR = %x0D ; carriage return
CRLF = CR LF ; Internet standard newline
CTL = %x00-1F / %x7F ; control characters
DIGIT = %x30-39
DQUOTE = %x22 ; The double quote character
HTAB = %x09 ; horizontal tab
LF = %x0A ; linefeed
LWSP = *(WSP / CRLF WSP)
OCTET = %x00-FF ; 8 bits of data
SP = %x20
VCHAR = %x21-7E ; visible (printing) characters
WSP = SP / HTAB ; white space


Aston Martin DBX: Andy Palmer on why it matters
Aston’s boss tells CarAdvice why the DBX is vital to Aston’s future.
by Mike Duff- shares
Times are tough at Aston Martin. The English sports car maker’s share price has fallen by two thirds since it floated on the UK stock market last year, hit by both the uncertainties of Britain’s chaotic Brexit from the European Union and slipping demand for its traditional sports cars.
Money is getting tight. Aston raised US$150 million ($219.7 million) through a bond sale paying a usurious 12 per cent annual interest back in September, with much of that cash dedicated to getting the DBX to market.
If the first Aston Martin SUV isn’t a hit, the company’s medium-term prospects look bleak.
You can see the finished car and read full technical details in our reveal story, but CarAdvice also got the chance to speak to Aston Martin CEO Andy Palmer about why he commissioned the DBX, and what he hopes it will achieve.
It’s fair to say Palmer didn’t delay in starting work on what became the DBX when he joined in 2014.
"Four days," he remembers, "and that was only because it took that long to have some serious face time with [creative director] Marek Reichmann … We talked at length about putting a business plan together for the board within 90 days, and needing an asset at the next Geneva Motor Show that I could use as a backdrop for unveiling what would become the Second Century Plan."
Before taking the reins at Aston Palmer had been working as Nissan’s head of product development, a role that had convinced him any all-new Aston needed to be an SUV.
"The car industry was evolving and tastes were changing, at the top as well as further down,” Palmer says.
"I felt that the Vantage, the DB9 and the Vanquish were all too close together, it was difficult to tell the difference and there was lots of cross-shopping going on.
"So the gaps between those cars, or their successors, needed to be widened, but I also felt we needed to do something to redefine the grand tourer. I just felt there was this huge, gaping space – we needed something different and the Bentayga didn’t exist at that time, so it was relatively radical thinking."
Market research among existing Aston owners quickly reinforced the new boss’s view – 72 per cent of them already owned some kind of SUV.
"So in the first instance we see lots of existing Aston owners wanting to add a DBX,” he says, “but of course they won’t be prepared to compromise on what their existing vehicles are already offering.
"That’s why we have to make sure it delivers on usability but also the driving experience buyers expect from an Aston Martin."
Of course, the five year gap between Palmer’s green-light and the finished DBX means it is arriving to a part of the market that is now filled with rivals – behind the Bentley Bentayga, Rolls-Royce Cullinan and Lamborghini Urus. Yet Palmer has no doubts that the DBX will fit in.
"I think each of the four cars has its own space," he says.
"What we wanted to do was to make the most beautiful SUV, not necessarily the quickest. Although it is extraordinarily quick.”
Palmer insists – despite the sliding market valuation – Aston Martin is in a stronger position than at any other time in its recent history.
"You can look at the share price if you want and make assumptions from that, or you can say that in terms of EBIDTA [earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation] it's the most successful it's ever been,” he says.
"But we have to break out of this cycle of three cars and being largely dependent on the British economy. Expanding the portfolio allows us to get bigger in overseas markets and is transformational in terms of what it will do to the company … it means not having all of our eggs in one basket, to use that analogy.”
Senior executives are usually cagey when it comes to predicted sales figures ahead of the launch of a new model, but Palmer is happy to go on record with his desires for the DBX, which will be the first vehicle produced in Aston’s new factory in St. Athan, Wales.
"We have deliberately capped volume at 5000 a year so it’s always going to be a rare beast,” he says.
"We know Lamborghini had an exceptional launch with the Urus, I don’t know their current numbers but they were running at an annualised rate of 7000 a year.
"So it may be that the initial demand is greater, I hope so, but the reality is that we can’t produce more than 5000 in the first year anyway.
"We’re optimistic that demand is greater than 4000 a year and on average I expect we will be around there, because we need the capacity [at St. Athan] to do the Lagondas as well."
Aston insiders have already indicated that faster versions of the DBX will follow fairly soon after the launch of the standard car, although Palmer says that we will have to wait longer for hybrid and full EV versions: “They will be at the end of this life cycle or the beginning of the next one.
"Like all models we plan a seven-year model cycle, so you can work it out from that.”
Palmer’s openness is refreshing – and his assertion that Aston Martin has to be in this part of the market is undoubtedly correct. The question now is whether the DBX will drive as well as it looks.
1
9
nextprevious
Aston Martin DBX: Andy Palmer on why it matters


I am an NSERC postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of British Columbia working in the fields of cosmology and astrophysics. I study the origin and evolution of dark and visible matter in the universe through cosmological observations.
My research involves preparation and analysis of large data from astrophysical surveys. I perform a wide range of statistical analysis and visualization of the acquired data to extract cosmological information that I then use to study the predictions of theoretical astrophysical and cosmological models.
MGCAMB code
Van Waerbeke's group at UBC
KiDS Survey
RCSLenS Survey
Strong Lens Time Delay Challenge


Work quickly and integrate systems more effectively.
Web Development, one drop at a time.
Interactive Documentation and easy to get started on using the API.


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Creating Applications
Now you've been given an overview of the syntax, lets explore actually structuring and creating CoffeeScript applications. This section aims to be useful to all CoffeeScript developers, novice or advanced. Indeed, it should be relevant to pure JavaScript developers too.
For some reason, when developers are building client side JavaScript applications, tried and tested patterns and conventions often fly out the window, and the end result is a spaghetti mess of un-maintainable coupled JavaScript. I can't stress enough how important application architecture is; if you're writing any JavaScript/CoffeeScript beyond simple form validation you should implement a form of application structure, such as MVC.
The secret to building maintainable large applications is not to build large applications. In other words, build a series of modular de-coupled components. Keep application logic as generic as possible, abstracting it out as appropriate. Lastly separate out your logic into views, models and controllers (MVC). Implementing MVC is beyond the scope of this chapter, for that I recommend you check out my book on JavaScript Web Applications and use a framework like Backbone or Spine. Rather than that, here we're going to cover structuring applications using CommonJS modules.
Structure & CommonJS
So what exactly are CommonJS modules? Well, If you've used NodeJS before you've used CommonJS modules, probably without realizing it. CommonJS modules were initially developed for writing server side JavaScript libraries, in an attempt to deal with loading, namespacing and scoping issues. They were a common format that would be compatible across all JavaScript implementations. The aim was that a library written for Rhino would work for Node. Eventually these ideas transitioned back to browsers, and now we have great libraries like RequireJS and Yabble to use modules client-side.
Practically speaking, modules ensure that your code is run in a local namespace (code encapsulation), that you can load other modules with the require()
function, and expose module properties via module.exports
. Let's dive into that in a bit more depth now.
Requiring files
You can load in other modules and libraries using require()
. Simply pass a module name and, if it's in the load path, it'll return an object representing that module. For example:
User = require("models/user")
Synchronous require support is a contentious issue, but has mostly been resolved with the mainstream loader libraries and latest CommonJS proposals. It may be something you'll have to look into if you decided to take a separate route than the one I'm advocating with Stitch below.
Exporting properties
By default, modules don't expose any properties so their contents are completely invisible to require()
calls. If you want a particular property to be accessible from your module, you'll need to set it on module.exports
:
# random_module.js
module.exports.myFineProperty = ->
# Some shizzle
Now, whenever this module is required then myFineProperty
will be exposed:
myFineProperty = require("random_module").myFineProperty
Stitch it up
Formatting your code as CommonJS modules is all fine and dandy, but how do you actually get this working on the client in practice? Well, my method of choice is the rather unheard of Stitch library. Stitch is by Sam Stephenson, the mind behind Prototype.js amongst other things, and solves the module problem so elegantly it makes me want to dance for joy! Rather than try and dynamically resolve dependencies, Stitch simply bundles up all your JavaScript files into one, wrapping them in some CommonJS magic. Oh, and did I mention it'll compile your CoffeeScript, JS templates, LESS CSS and Sass files too!
First things first, you'll need to install Node.js and npm if you haven't already, we'll be using those throughout this chapter.
Now let's create our application structure. If you're using Spine, you can automate this with Spine.App, otherwise it's something you'll need to do manually. I usually have an app
folder for all the application specific code, and a lib
folder for general libraries. Then anything else, including static assets, goes in the public
directory.
app
app/controllers
app/views
app/models
app/lib
lib
public
public/index.html
Now to actually boot up the Stitch server. Let's create a file called index.coffee
and fill it with the following script:
require("coffee-script")
stitch = require("stitch")
express = require("express")
argv = process.argv.slice(2)
package = stitch.createPackage(
# Specify the paths you want Stitch to automatically bundle up
paths: [ __dirname + "/app" ]
# Specify your base libraries
dependencies: [
# __dirname + '/lib/jquery.js'
]
)
app = express.createServer()
app.configure ->
app.set "views", __dirname + "/views"
app.use app.router
app.use express.static(__dirname + "/public")
app.get "/application.js", package.createServer()
port = argv[0] or process.env.PORT or 9294
console.log "Starting server on port: #{port}"
app.listen port
You can see some dependencies listed: coffee-script
, stitch
and express
. We need to create a package.json
file, listing these dependencies so npm can pick them up. Our ./package.json
file will look like this:
{
"name": "app",
"version": "0.0.1",
"dependencies": {
"coffee-script": "~1.1.2",
"stitch": "~0.3.2",
"express": "~2.5.0",
"eco": "1.1.0-rc-1"
}
}
And let's install those dependencies with npm:
npm install .
npm install -g coffee-script
Rightio, we're almost there. Now run:
coffee index.coffee
You'll hopefully have a Stitch server up and running. Let's go ahead and test it out by putting an app.coffee
script in the app
folder. This will be the file that'll bootstrap our application.
module.exports = App =
init: ->
# Bootstrap the app
Now let's create our main page index.html
which, if we're building a single page app, will be the only page the user actually navigates to. This is a static asset, so it's located under the public
directory.
<!DOCTYPE html>

<meta charset=utf-8>
<title>Application</title>

When the page loads, our DOMContentLoaded event callback is requiring the app.coffee
script (which is automatically compiled), and invoking our init()
function. That's all there is to it, we've got CommonJS modules up and running, as well as a HTTP server and CoffeeScript compiler. If, say, we wanted to include a module, it's just a case of calling require()
. Let's create a new class, User
, and reference it from app.coffee
:
# app/models/user.coffee
module.exports = class User
constructor: (@name) ->
# app/app.coffee
User = require("models/user")
JavaScript templates
If you're moving logic to the client side, then you'll definitely need some sort of templating library. JavaScript templating is very similar to templates on the server, such as Ruby's ERB or Python's text interpolation, expect of course it runs client side. There are a whole host of templating libraries out there, so I encourage you to do some research and check them out. By default, Stitch comes with support for Eco templates baked right in.
JavaScript templates are very similar to server side ones. You have template tags interoperated with HTML, and during rendering those tags get evaluated and replaced. The great thing about Eco templates, is they're actually written in CoffeeScript.
Here's an example:
<% if @projects.length: %>
<% for project in @projects: %>
<a href="<%= project.url %>"><%= project.name %>

<%= project.description %>

<% end %>
<% else: %>
No projects
<% end %>
As you can see, the syntax is remarkably straightforward. Just use <%
tags for evaluating expressions, and <%=
tags for printing them. A partial list of template tags is as follows:
<% expression %>
Evaluate a CoffeeScript expression without printing its return value.<%= expression %>
Evaluate a CoffeeScript expression, escape its return value, and print it.<%- expression %>
Evaluate a CoffeeScript expression and print its return value without escaping it.
You can use any CoffeeScript expression inside the templating tags, but there's one thing to look out for. CoffeeScript is whitespace-sensitive, but your Eco templates aren't. Therefore, Eco template tags that begin an indented CoffeeScript block must be suffixed with a colon. To indicate the end of an indented block, use the special tag <% end %>
. For example:
<% if @project.isOnHold(): %>
On Hold
<% end %>
You don't need to write the if
and end
tags on separate lines:
<% if @project.isOnHold(): %> On Hold <% end %>
And you can use the single-line postfix form of if
as you'd expect:
<%= "On Hold" if @project.isOnHold() %>
Now we've got a handle on the syntax, let's define an Eco template in views/users/show.eco
:
Name: <%= @name %>
Stitch will automatically compile our template and include it in application.js
. Then, in our application's controllers we can require the template, like it was a module, and execute it passing any data required.
require("views/users/show")(new User("Brian"))
Our app.coffee
file should now look like this, rendering the template and appending it to the page when the document loads:
User = require("models/user")
App =
init: ->
template = require("views/users/show")
view = template(new User("Brian"))
# Obviously this could be spruced up by jQuery
element = document.createElement("div")
element.innerHTML = view
document.body.appendChild(element)
module.exports = App
Open up the application and give it a whirl! Hopefully this tutorial has given you a good idea of how to structure client-side CoffeeScript applications. For your next steps, I recommend checking out a client-side framework like Backbone or Spine, They'll provide a basic MVC structure for you, freeing you up for the interesting stuff.
Bonus - 30 second deployment with Heroku
Heroku is an incredibly awesome web host that manages all the servers and scaling for you, letting you get on with the exciting stuff (building awesome JavaScript applications). You'll need an account with Heroku for this tutorial to work, but the great news is that their basic plan is completely free. While traditionally a Ruby host, Heroku have recently released their Cedar stack, which includes Node support.
Firstly we need to make a Procfile
, which will inform Heroku about our application.
echo "web: coffee index.coffee" > Procfile
Now, if you haven't already, you'll need to create a local git repository for your application.
git init
git add .
git commit -m "First commit"
And now to deploy the application, we'll use the heroku
gem (which you'll need to install if you haven't already).
heroku create myAppName --stack cedar
git push heroku master
heroku open
That's it! Seriously, that's all there is to it. Hosting Node applications has never been easier.
Additional libraries
Stitch and Eco aren't the only libraries you can use for creating CoffeeScript & Node applications, there are a variety of alternatives.
For example, when it comes to templating, you can use Mustache, Jade or write your HTML in pure CoffeeScript using CoffeeKup.
As for serving up application, Hem is a great choice, supporting both CommonJS and NPM modules and integrating seamlessly with the CoffeeScript MVC framework Spine. node-browsify is another similar project. Or if you want to go lower level with express integration, there's Trevor Burnham's connect-assets
You can find a full list of CoffeeScript web framework plugins, on the project's wiki.


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Computer science was an emerging discipline in the late 1950s that began to consider time-sharing between computer users, and later, the possibility of achieving this over wide area networks. Independently, Paul Baran proposed a distributed network based on data in message blocks in the early 1960s and Donald Davies conceived of packet switching in 1965 at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in the UK and proposed building a national commercial data network.
On the evening of October 29, 1969 the first data travelled between two nodes of the ARPANET, a key ancestor of the Internet.
The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. Department of Defense awarded contracts in 1969 for the development of the ARPANET project, directed by Robert Taylor and managed by Lawrence Roberts. ARPANET adopted the packet switching technology proposed by Davies and Baran, underpinned by mathematical work in the early 1970s by Leonard Kleinrock at UCLA. The network was built by Bolt, Beranek, and Newman.
British scientist Berners-Lee specified HTML and wrote the browser and server software in late 1990.
The first publicly available description of HTML was a document called "HTML Tags", first mentioned on the Internet by Tim Berners-Lee in 6 august 1991.
In this version, out of its forty with a penny of tags, as many as 3 tags have already appeared, which hinted at some kind of visual design of the document (for example, bold italic). The rest of the tags served solely for logical markup.
The W3C mission is to lead the World Wide Web to its full potential by developing protocols and guidelines that ensure the long-term growth of the Web. Below we discuss important aspects of this mission, all of which further W3C's vision of One Web.
The emergence of forms and slect tag
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document written in a markup language such as HTML. CSS is a cornerstone technology of the World Wide Web, alongside HTML and JavaScript.
Syntax
CSS has a simple syntax and uses a number of English keywords to specify the names of various style properties.
A style sheet consists of a list of rules. Each rule or rule-set consists of one or more selectors, and a declaration block.
In 1996, Netscape's share of the browser market reached 86% (with Internet Explorer edging up 10%); but then Microsoft began integrating its browser with its operating system and bundling deals with OEMs. Within 4 years of its release IE had 75% of the browser market and by 1999 it had 99% of the market.
A superset of CSS 1, CSS 2 includes a number of new capabilities like absolute, relative, and fixed positioning of elements and z-index, the concept of media types, support for aural style sheets (which were later replaced by the CSS 3 speech modules) and bidirectional text, and new font properties such as shadows.
The W3C no longer maintains the CSS 2 recommendation.
HTML 4.0 was published as a W3C Recommendation. It offers three variations:
On 28 October 2014, HTML5 was released as a stable W3C Recommendation, meaning the specification process is complete.
On 2011, CSS3 was released as a stable W3C Recommendation.
By 2017 usage shares of Opera, Firefox and Internet Explorer fell well below 5% each, while Google Chrome had expanded to over 60% worldwide. In May 2017, Andreas Gal, former Mozilla CTO, publicly stated that Google Chrome won the Second Browser War.


Reverse Message
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_Jurassic_Park_III_ (PG-13) ** 1/2 (out of ****)
For an installment of one of the most lucrative screen franchises in history, _Jurassic_Park_III_ arrives on screens with a curious lack of hype, at least compared to some other so-called "blockbusters" this summer. Sure, _Jurassic_Park_ and _The_Lost_World:_Jurassic_Park_ director Steven Spielberg now only gets an executive producer credit this time around, and the less-marquee-friendly Joe Johnston handles the helming chores here. The bottom line, however, is that the film is another go-round of a formula that has proven wildly successful more than once: humans + island + dinosaurs. Could it be that Universal knows something that we don't, anticipating that moviegoers have tired of prehistoric predators? Whether or not that may be true before _JPIII_'s release, it could very well be the case after audiences see this installment, easily the least satisfying of the series.
Before it goes terribly wrong, however, _Jurassic_Park_III_ actually gets a number of things right. The reintroduction to Sam Neill's Dr. Alan Grant, who was absent in _The_Lost_World_, is handled quite briskly by Johnston and the writing crew (the three scribes receiving screen credit are Peter Buchman, Alexander Payne, and Jim Taylor--the latter two best known for their Oscar-nominated _Election_ work), as is the basic plot thread stringing together the dino scenes. Ex-spouses Paul and Amanda Kirby (William H. Macy and Téa Leoni) convince Dr. Grant to accompany them on a flight over dino-populated Isla Sorna. Of course, such a foolish trip goes awry when a plane crash leaves them stranded and alone to fend for themselves against the usual suspects--the velociraptor, the mighty T-rex--and some newcomers to the _Jurassic_ mythos: notably, the winged, meat-eating pteranodon and the more-ferocious-than-T-rex spinosaurus.
To Johnston's credit, _JPIII_ moves at a snappier pace than the previous two films; the streamlined plot allows for a steady stream of dino set pieces with minimal interruption. Unfortunately, the attempts to build character and drama during the non-action interludes are predictable and uninvolving. Paul and Amanda grow closer while searching for their son Eric (Trevor Morgan), who is lost on the island; a key "twist" involving Grant's younger associate Billy Brennan (Alessandro Nivola) can be seen coming a mile away. Certainly not helping the credibility of the drama is the truly wretched performance of Leoni, who accomplishes the seemingly impossible feat of out-overacting the first film's Laura Dern (who makes a return cameo). The big dramatic showcase for Leoni is a bring-down-the-house moment in the worst way; it goes down as one of the comic highlights (or lowlights, depending on how you look at it) of the cinema year.
Thank goodness a dinosaur pops in at frequent enough intervals to get Leoni and everyone else to shut up and simply start running for their lives. Johnston stages a couple of standout action sequences, particularly the first spinosaurus scene, involving the wrecked fuselage of the plane; and a set piece involving a nest of hungry pteranodons. Effective action sequences such as these appear to build the film toward a grand finish--one that never comes. Say what one will about _The_Lost_World_ and its rather controversial third act twist, one cannot say that the film didn't build up to a big payoff. The same cannot be said of _JPIII_, which reportedly began filming without an ending in place--and does that fact ever show.
_Jurassic_Park_III_ is a reasonable enough thrill ride for a good portion of its shockingly lean 90-minute run time (as opposed to the two-hour-plus sizes of the Spielberg installments), but like any thrill ride, it's ultimately only as good as the feeling it leaves the audience--and the rather startling way in which the film deflates is enough to ensure that for most viewers, this third trip will be the least charming.
©2001 Michael Dequina
Michael Dequina<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The Movie Report/Mr. Brown's Movie Site: www.mrbrownmovies.com www.filmthreat.com | www.cinemareview.com | www.digitalwidescreen.com on ICQ: #25289934 | on AOL Instant Messenger: MrBrown23
========== X-RAMR-ID: 29103 X-Language: en X-RT-ReviewID: 242456 X-RT-TitleID: 1108705 X-RT-SourceID: 636 X-RT-AuthorID: 1202 X-RT-RatingText: 2.5/4
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Here you will find all of the most up to date games for the best price. All games are available for all major platforms.
Grand Theft Auto V. Grand Theft Auto V is an open world action-adventure video game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games
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Battlefield 1 is a first-person shooter that emphasizes teamwork. The game is set in the period of World War I, and is inspired by historic events
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Watch Dogs 2 is an open world action-adventure video game where you become a hacker.


The name of the property group, e.g. "Transform"
The number of properties in the group
Returns the 3D orientation value, in degrees, for a 3D layer.
The position value of the layer, in world space if the layer has no parent. If the layer has a parent, it returns the position value of the layer in the coordinate system of the parent layer (in the layer space of the parent layer).
Returns the rotation value of the layer in degrees. For a 3D layer, it returns the z rotation value in degrees.
Returns the x rotation value, in degrees, for a 3D layer.
Returns the y rotation value, in degrees, for a 3D layer.
Returns the z rotation value, in degrees, for a 3D layer.
The scale value of the layer, expressed as a percentage.
The x position value of the layer, in world space if the layer has no parent. If the layer has a parent, it returns the position value of the layer in the coordinate system of the parent layer (in the layer space of the parent layer).
The y position value of the layer, in world space if the layer has no parent. If the layer has a parent, it returns the position value of the layer in the coordinate system of the parent layer (in the layer space of the parent layer).
The z position value of the layer, in world space if the layer has no parent. If the layer has a parent, it returns the position value of the layer in the coordinate system of the parent layer (in the layer space of the parent layer).
Generated using TypeDoc
The anchor point value of the layer in the coordinate system of the layer (layer space).


---
layout: post
title: 'Roulette: The Martingale Strategy'
subtitle: 'The Martingale strategy appears to always end in positive earnings, regardless of how unlucky a string of spins may be but is the strategy actually profitable?'
date: 2020-03-15 00:19:15 -0500
background: '/img/posts/basketball.jpg'
pagination:
enabled: false
collection: posts
---
Introduction
The Martingale strategy appears to always end in positive earnings, regardless of how unlucky a string of spins may be but is the strategy actually profitable?
| Parameters |
Values |
| Starting Budget (B) |
$200 |
| Winnings threshold for stopping (W) |
$300 (Starting budget + $100 winnings) |
| Time threshold for stopping (L) |
1000 plays |
| Casino’s maximum wager (M) |
$100 |
To make these parameters more practical, let's create a user named Tom.
- B: Tom walks into the casino with $200
- W: Tom is happy to leave the casino with A $100 profit. Ie, the $200 he started with + $100 from playing
- L: Tom will stop playing after 1000 plays
- M: Tom cannot wager more than $100 in a single play
Few things to note/remember:
- B: The range of any probability is 0-1. An impossible event has a probability of 0 and an event that is absolutely certain to occur has a probability of 1
- W: Even though the game of gambling is generally considered to be 50/50, the casino always has the upper hand because the 2 green pockets in the total 38 pockets result in the casino's having a probability of 20/38 = 0.53 compareed to Tom's 18/38 = 0.47
From a similation with the B,W,L and M values listed above, we get the following output:
Estimated probability of walking out with extra cash
#### > mean(walk_out_money > 200)
#### [1] 0.5096
### Estimated earnings
#### > mean(walk_out_money - 200)
#### [1] -47.1043
This means:
- The probability of Tom leaving the casino with an amount more than the $200 he started with, is about 50-51%. this is calculated by taking the average of the number of simulations that result in Tom's having more than $200 in hand. Regardless of how many different simulations are run, the range of the probability and the estimated earnings stay the same.
- We can also see that from this particular simulation, Tom lost money. Tom actually lost an average of $47 per series. This was calculated by subtractiong Tom's "walk out money" from the $200 he started with, after each simulation, and taking the average of the values.
To calculate the average earnings, the sample code that was provided used the values assigned to each of the parameters: B, W, L, M. During the simulation, for the hypothetical "1000" plays, Tom's budget increases or decreases, depending on whether a Red or Black pocket is the resulting outcome. The code includes a for loop, which is expected to run from 1:L where L is the "Time threshold for stopping". In this case, 1000 plays. The outcome of the simulation, black or red, is returned to the function "one_play", and the values of the parameters are updated before the next simulation, with the help of the function "get_last".
Simplifications or other sources of uncertaunty:
- The gambler wages a single dollar for every single play.
- The only conditions for termination are that the gambler becomes bankrupt, reaches his target profit, or reaches his play limit. No other conditions are accounted for.
- There is no money on standby or on reserve for the gambler. When he/she is out of money, he/she is out of the game.
- The fact that only 36 pockets are accounted for. Ie, the simulation does not account for the fact that the casino is a real winner, with a probability of 20/38.
```r
library(tidyverse)
```
```r
#' A single play of the Martingale strategy
#'
#' Takes a state list, spins the roulette wheel, returns the state list with updated values (for example, budget, plays, etc)
#' @param state A list with the following entries:
#' B number, the budget
#' W number, the budget threshold for successfully stoping
#' L number, the maximum number of plays
#' M number, the casino wager limit
#' plays integer, the number of plays executed
#' previous_wager number, the wager in the previous play (0 at first play)
#' previous_win TRUE/FALSE, indicator if the previous play was a win (TRUE at first play)
#' @return The updated state list
one_play <- function(state){
# Wager
proposed_wager <- ifelse(state$previous_win, 1, 2*state$previous_wager)
wager <- min(proposed_wager, state$M, state$B)
# Spin of the wheel
red <- rbinom(1,1,18/38)
# Update state
state$plays <- state$plays + 1
state$previous_wager <- wager
if(red){
# WIN
state$B <- state$B + wager
state$previous_win <- TRUE
}else{
# LOSE
state$B <- state$B - wager
state$previous_win <- FALSE
}
state
}
#' Stopping rule
#'
#' Takes the state list and determines if the gambler has to stop
#' @param state A list. See one_play
#' @return TRUE/FALSE
stop_play <- function(state){
if(state$B <= 0) return(TRUE)
if(state$plays >= state$L) return(TRUE)
if(state$B >= state$W) return(TRUE)
FALSE
}
#' Play roulette to either bankruptcy, success, or play limits
#'
#' @param B number, the starting budget
#' @param W number, the budget threshold for successfully stoping
#' @param L number, the maximum number of plays
#' @param M number, the casino wager limit
#' @return A vector of budget values calculated after each play.
one_series <- function(
B = 200
, W = 300
, L = 1000
, M = 100
){
# initial state
state <- list(
B = B
, W = W
, L = L
, M = M
, plays = 0
, previous_wager = 0
, previous_win = TRUE
)
# vector to store budget over series of plays
budget <- rep(NA, L)
# For loop of plays
for(i in 1:L){
new_state <- state %>% one_play
budget[i] <- new_state$B
if(new_state %>% stop_play){
return(budget[1:i])
}
state <- new_state
}
budget
}
# helper function
get_last <- function(x) x[length(x)]
# Simulation
walk_out_money <- rep(NA, 10000)
for(j in seq_along(walk_out_money)){
walk_out_money[j] <- one_series(B = 200, W = 300, L = 1000, M = 100) %>% get_last()
}
# Walk out money distribution
hist(walk_out_money, breaks = 100)
# Estimated probability of walking out with extra cash
mean(walk_out_money > 200)
# Estimated earnings
mean(walk_out_money - 200)
```
### How the computer simulation is used to estimate the average number of plays before stopping
```r
total_plays <- rep(NA, 10000)
for(j in seq_along(total_plays)){
total_plays[j] <- one_series(B = 200, W = 300, L = 1000, M = 100) %>% length
}
mean (total_plays)
```
The code chunk above is one of my favorites in the entire simulation. "total_plays" uses the default values of B, W, L and M to run a simulation 10,000 times. "total_plays" employs a for loop which creates a vector that contains the duration of each simulation. This creates the opportunity to calculate the average number of plays before stopping. Ie, mean(total_plays).
This calculated average means that on average, by the 201st play, out of the 1000 possible plays, 1 of 3 things happen:
- Tom becomes bankrupt (B<0).
- Tom reaches his target profit (winnings, W).
- Tom reaches his play limit (L).
### Evolution of earnings over a series of wagers
A graph to show how the gambler's earnings evolve over a series of wagers at the roulette level:
Since we are using simulations, I am plotting several graphs with the same inputs so that we can have a "general" idea of the graph that is produced from the simulations The observed trend is that there is a positive correlation between the wager numbers and the earnings.
```r
s1<- one_series(B = 200, W = 300, L = 1000, M = 100)
plot(s1, type = "b", xlab = "wager number", ylab = "budget left")
```
NOTE
The average earnings of Tom is calculated after 1 of the following conditions are met:
- Tom becomes bankrupt (B<0)
- Tom reaches his target profit (winnings, W).
- Tom reaches his play limit (L).
To calculate this, the code returns Tom's remaining money (budget) after each iteration to the variable called stop_play, which runs through the 3 different conditions required for play termination. The conditions are:
- If the budget, B is less than 0, terminate the game.
- If Tom places a bet 1000 times, L, terminate the game.
- If Tom's current desired winning threshold, W, is realized, terminate the game.
If none of these 3 conditions are aopplicable, continue the simulation.
Code chunk to determine if the simulation should be terminated, depending on the whether the conditions above are met.
```r
stop_play <- function(state){
if(state$B <= 0) return(TRUE)
if(state$plays >= state$L) return(TRUE)
if(state$B >= state$W) return(TRUE)
FALSE
}
```
Varying a Parameter (L)
- The reason why a good number of people believe in the Martingale Strategy is because the total amount lost prior to the current wager can be recovered, provided that the gambler has enough money to keep playing. Is this belief actually true? If proven to be false, I believe that it will discredit the Martingale Strategy. In the graph below, I supply different values of L, the Time Threshold for Stopping, to the function "one_series." This function takes in the the parameters: B, W, L and M, and uses the outputs to update the number of plays, the previous wager and the previous win. Each time, the updated outputs are passed on to the function "stop_play". "Stop play" evaluates the current value of each of the parameters and terminates a game play if any of the conditions for termination are met. (inputs for "stop_play" referenced in the previous code chunk).
```r
Ls <- c(10,50,100,400,600,800,1000)
earnings <- vector()
for (i in 1:length(Ls)){
earnings[i] <- one_series(B = 200, W = 300, L = Ls[i], M = 100) %>% get_last() - 200
}
plot(Ls,earnings, type = "b", xlab= "Time Threshold for Stopping, L", ylab = "Earnings")
```
Limitations of the simulation
- The most obvious limitation of our simulation is the arbitrary profit limit. In both cases, we set this value at $100, meaning that each run of games stopped after the player budget reached $100 above the initial budget.
- In reality, gamblers would all have different budgets and earnings thresholds. It would be very difficult to generate averages such as those above from real-world scenarios, given the variation in this and other factors.
- Another limitation of the simulation is the casino limit on maximum wager. Again, this would vary significantly in a real-world situation, as different casinos have different rules.
Conclusion
- From the above graph, I can see why so many people choose to believe in the "Martingale Strategy". As I mentioned above, the strategy appears to always end in positive earnings, regardless of how unlucky a string of spins may be. However, a key determining factor of this is whether the player has enough money to keep playing. All in all, the strategy presents an interesting approach to what appears to be a game of chance (with the casino having an upper hand, of course). Players around the world believe that employing this strategy gives you a little more than a 50/50 shot at leaving the casino with a profit but the simulations above, together with the different values for the Threshold for Stopping a simulation we explored, prove that even at the 1000th play, there is no guarantee that a player would leave the casino with any earnings. Ie, The player could leave with more money than they entered with, or leave with less money. Unfortunately, the Martingale Strategy is no guarantee.


Prepare your our machine (e.g. your personal laptop) for use with this lab.
Download OVA file
- For this lab you will need the "ciscolive_kolla_mitaka.ova" file created for this lab.
- An OVA(Open Virtualization Appliance) package is a means of distributing software to be run in virtual machines. Download this file and store it in a convenient place on your laptop. We will use it latter.
- Download the file here: ciscolive_kolla_mitaka.ova
Disable any VPN
- Everything needed to complete this lab is available via the public network. Running a VPN may interfere with the local routing needed to access the OpenStack environment from your laptop. If possible, disable any VPN for the remainder of this lab.
Install VirtualBox [Optional]
- This lab requires some means of starting and managing virtual machines. The examples in this lab are based on VirtualBox (version 5.0.20 r106931). You can use something else if you prefer.
- VirtualBox download images and instructions are available at https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads
- You should install VirtualBox, followed by the VirtualBox extension pack. Note that in addition to the installer itself, the extension pack should be installed after the base VirtualBox platform is installed, but prior to starting any VMs.
- Additional information is available at: http://virtualbox.org


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