Cacti - T. pachanoi & MDMA (Ecstasy)
I have tripped on mescaline around a half-dozen timed before, using a variety of fresh and dried cactus. I also have plenty of experience using MDMA.
The cactus was measured out at 75g per person for me and a friend. Powdered in a coffee grinder, and around 1.5 litres of distilled water used to rehydrate it. Some vitamin C plus the juice of a lemon and lime were added. The mixture was put onto a low simmer for 2 hours, with occasional blending using a hand blender to break up the goo. The cactus juice was strained through a handkerchief, the pulp re-hydrated with another 1/2 litre of water, re-boiled for one hour. Tip: have a sequence of containers to allow some pulp to cool ready for straining. The end product is around 1 standard-sized glass of cactus juice per person.
Set and setting: private home, no risk of unwanted interruption, relaxed. Partner has never tried mescaline before. Both are sober from other drugs at the outset, and experienced trippers. I'd only eaten a bowl of cereal for breakfast and nothing solid since, parter had a meat sandwich at lunchtime. Times are approximate, as there wasn't always a clock at hand (or wasn't in a state to appreciate what 'time' is).
T+0:00 (c. 5pm) We start to ingest the cactus, which took around 30 minutes. Used a straw to sip on it and minimise contact with taste buds, and fruit juice as a chaser.
T+0:45 I take MDMA pill -- probably well under 100mg, from a batch that has been a bit speedy. Partner is just on mescaline alone.
T+1:00 Start to feel the MDMA -- much quicker than usual.
T+1:30 Whoah, this is some come-up. I'm just immobile lying on the floor, buzzed all over. Much more intense than any previous use of MDMA. Can barely talk or move. Very speedy feeling, high jaw tension.
T+2:00 Feels like I've downed 10 pills, not one. Too intense to be enjoyable. Partner throws up cactus, I feel queasy. I have never been sick on cactus before. Loved-up feeling is dominated by the body buzz.
T+2:30 Both smoke a small joint each. Hope to take away queasiness. I'm numb and buzzed like crazy, but finally over the E come-up.
T+2:45 I purge my stomach contents, makes little difference. Weed has set fire to the mescaline which now takes over. Partner has another heave.
T+3:00 Start to get ego dissolution, strong OEVs. Not as euphoric as normal, given the fight between the MDMA and mescaline going on in my brain. Generally pleasant feeling, despite the buzz.
The next 2-3 hours are a bit hazy, I'm pinned to the floor and still tender inside. Partner is less overwhelmed by the mescaline, but is clearly having a deep experience. Partner takes a small amount of ketamine during this period, and describes the combo as very pleasant. Both extremely relaxed and mellow, 'melt into the floor'.
Eventually around T+6:00 the come-down starts. Not very pleasant, feel completely drained. Dehydrated, body temperature is all over the place, headache, some residual nausea that makes it hard to drink. I can't sleep, semi-doze as best I can until late the following morning. Trippy visuals carry on for far longer than usual.
That was by far the most intense drug experience I've ever had, and I could list off a lot of things I've tried. Being knocked out on salvia, ketamine or nitrous are notionally stronger, but not so long-running and with a high body load. I'd expected mescaline and MDMA to be additive, instead they were multiplicative, increasing the potency of each other to an uncomfortable level. Too greedy by half! They could be a pleasant combination at a small fraction of the dose, maybe 30g of dried cactus and 1/2 MDMA pill, but I'm not in any hurry to find out. I think a 50g dose of cactus was also more pleasant and fresh cactus, although terrible to eat, was easier still on the stomach.
And boy, is my kitchen a mess of cactus to clean up.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Documentation is built up by referencing sections in design and implementation. Text within the reference copies is only updated on command.


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I'm currently a senior at MIT looking for front-end development opportunities.
I love cats, dance, and fashion.
• Developed an automated system to help biologists discover relevant research within Novartis
• Used NLP to extract data and ElasticSearch to store, analyze, and search collected info
• Used Node.js/Express and Jade to create a web app and AWS to host the system
• Initiated the development of a novel RNA fluorescence imaging technique
• Analyzed the chemical properties of formylglycine-generating enzyme
• Created image manipulation user interfaces in MATLAB for internal analysis toolbox
• Investigated the role of Neurotensin in fear learning
Relevant courses: Software Construction, User Interface Design, Design and Analysis of Algorithms, Artificial Intelligence, Data Storytelling Studio
Aside from coding and designing, I love dancing, watching cat videos, browsing fashion websites, trying out new restaurants, and playing phone games.


When you work with us, you are part of a team of comitted collaborators. All aspects of our software development process are intergrated, interactive and agile. Our approach unifies design, development and product management to create exceptional products. We start each project by understanding your business goals, the user's needs and the product requirements. Then we help translate them into effective and elegant solutions.
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Country
Current stats
- What is the size of Korea in square km? What is the distance (in km) from east to west? What is the distance (in km) from north to south?
- What is the total population of Korea? What are the top ethnic groups and religions as a percentage of population?
- What are the economic statistics of Korea? Gross domestic product (GDP)? Average income per-person? National debt? Growth percentage of last two years?
Quick history as it affects current business environment
- Give a short modern history of Korea - just enough for basic conversational knowledge and context.
- Give a short history of Korea’s last 5 years, focusing on aspects that would affect small business owners.
- How has the recent history of the country affected people in terms of their living and business environment?
2013 zeitgeist
- Give an overview of the current 2013 political, societal, and economic condition of Korea, focusing on aspects that would affect small business owners.
Near-future outlook
- What social changes in Korea seem very likely in the next five years?
- What economic changes in Korea seem very likely in the next five years?
- What political changes in Korea seem very likely in the next five years?
Relationship with other countries
- What is Korea’s relationship with Hong Kong? Cooperative or competitive? Similarities or differences? What is the main trade between the two?
- What is Korea’s relationship with Japan? Cooperative or competitive? Similarities or differences? What is the main trade between the two?
- What is Korea’s relationship with Mongolia? Cooperative or competitive? Similarities or differences? What is the main trade between the two?
- What is Korea’s relationship with China? Cooperative or competitive? Similarities or differences? What is the main trade between the two?
- What is Korea’s relationship with India? Cooperative or competitive? Similarities or differences? What is the main trade between the two?
- What is Korea’s relationship with Australia? Cooperative or competitive? Similarities or differences? What is the main trade between the two?
- What is Korea’s relationship with the United States? Cooperative or competitive? Similarities or differences? What is the main trade between the two?
Culture
Mindset
- Describe the mindset of most people in Korea. Progressive or conservative? Future-focused or present-focused? Work-focused or pleasure-focused? Optimistic or cautious? Pressing for change, or maintaining traditions? Strict or easy-going? Or, if the mindset is very divided between groups, please describe the divide. (Feel free to just share your personal opinion.)
- What are some of the major internal conflicts that Korea is going through now? (Between political parties, age generations, demographics, ideologies, etc.) Summarize each side’s argument.
- Is it taboo to talk about Korea’s government?
- How would you describe the views of the general public about the government of Korea?
Religion and Race
- What role does religion play in day-to-day life?
- Are there any types of businesses that are not welcome or looked down upon due to religious reasons?
- How does religion affect business dealings? Times or days when people do not do business for religious reasons? Any religious rituals that businesses follow?
Asia 101
- What basic cultural norms do you think foreigners should know about working with people in Asia in general?
- What basic cultural norms do you think foreigners should know about working with people in Korea, as compared to Asia in general?
- What are some of the most common mannerisms when meeting with people?
- When people go out to eat or drink together, how is it decided who pays? (Describe business and personal situations separately.)
Individualism
- As compared to American individualism, Korea is more of a community/group-focused culture. Describe these differences from a local point of view.
Local differences
- What are the cultural differences between people in Korea and China?
- What are the cultural differences between people in Korea and Hong Kong?
- What are the cultural differences between people in Korea and India?
- What are the cultural differences between people in Korea and Japan?
- What are the cultural differences between people in Korea and Mongolia?
- What are the cultural differences between people in Korea and the United States?
Personal attitudes towards foreigners
- How do people view foreign tourists in Korea?
- What is the common opinion about foreign workers, coming to Korea to work? Is it a business threat? Is it a cultural threat?
- What is the common opinion about foreign entrepreneurs, coming to Korea to set up a business?
- Which foreigners are generally most welcome? Which foreigners are generally least welcome?
What to wear
- What is the most appropriate business/meeting clothing for men in Korea? What would be considered too casual or disrespectful?
- What is the most appropriate business/meeting clothing for women in Korea? What would be considered too casual or disrespectful?
- How can you tell by their clothing that someone is high-status or low-status?
Attitude towards time and promises
- What is the Korea attitude towards punctuality? For example, if two people agreed on an 11:00 business meeting, what time range to arrive would be considered acceptable? What is considered late?
- What is the Korea attitude towards promises? Are you expected to stick to your promise, no matter what? Or is it common to change your mind?
Common conversational references
- What is a common Korea expression that a foreigner might not understand?
How to blend in
- How can a foreigner blend in to Korea? What advice would you give foreigners on how not to stick out so much?
- How can a foreigner become a part of the business community in Korea? What is a good way to meet many people and make connections?
When not to blend in
- Is it best for a foreigner doing business in Korea to blend in? Or is there an advantage to not blending in?
Recommended reading/watching
- What books, magazines, newspapers, or websites would you recommend a foreign entrepreneur read to better understand Korea and its business environment?
Life
Quality of life
- Describe the general quality of life in Korea (Utilities, cleanliness, safety, amenities, physical comfort.) If very different in different areas, describe each separately.
- Which parts of Korea have the nicest quality of life? Which parts have the worst? Describe each.
Cost of living
- What is the average cost of rent for a 1-bedroom (unfurnished) apartment? What is the average cost for an unfurnished small house (or large apartment) for a 5-person family?
- What would it cost per-month for one person to live a nice, but not luxurious, life in Korea? Include food, utilities, transportation.
- What length of time is a usual contract when renting an apartment or house?
Western standards vs local standards
- How does the general quality of life in Korea compare to America, Australia, or Europe? (Utilities, cleanliness, safety, amenities, physical comfort.)
- What safety precautions would you recommend for a foreigner?
Language / English proficiency
- Do most people in the cities of Korea speak English?
- If someone came to Korea only speaking English, how difficult would it be to live and work?
- Is it common for merchants to charge foreigners more if they speak in English?
Safety
- Which parts of Korea are safest? Which parts are unsafe? Describe each.
- How do people in Korea deal with petty crimes like theft?
- How can one generally distinguish friend from foe? Any signs to consider, or scams to beware of?
Immigration / Visa
- How can a foreign entrepreneur live and work in Korea for a few years? Do they need a work visa, investor visa, tourist visa, or something else?
- How can someone get a visa to live in Korea long-term?
Where to live (short-term and long-term)
- What are some serviced apartments or furnished homes in the business district that can be rented month-by-month, for short-term (say 3 month) visits? Give examples and prices.
- Where should someone live to be in the middle of the most business, the most action, and to meet the most people? What specific neighborhoods?
- Where should someone live to be near to the business action, but to be a little outside, in a neighborhood that’s better for children?
- What are some places a foreigner should not stay, because of their lack of proximity, safety, or other reasons?
Typical living arrangements
- What is a typical living arrangement in Korea? Do most people live in houses or apartments?
- Do families usually live together with parents, grandparents, kids, and siblings - or do they tend to live separately?
Transportation
- How do working people normally get around? (Car? Bus? Train? Taxi? Bicycle? Walk?)
- What is the recommended transportation for someone coming to work in Korea? (Car? Bus? Train? Taxi? Rented car? Please describe options, prices, and recommendations.)
Internet / Phone
- What are the most popular mobile phone/data providers in Korea? Which one would you recommend?
- How much does it cost for a basic broadband (cable/fiber) internet connection in a home or office? Name speeds and prices.
- How much does it cost for a mobile data plan (3G) for heavy internet use through a mobile phone? Describe the current best plans.
Food
- What’s the typical cuisine of Korea?
- Is it easy to find western food? Are there western restaurants? Western food in supermarkets?
- What’s the etiquette of using your hands or utensils for eating? Any inappropriate manners that foreigners often have?
Credit card? Cash? Check?
- How do most people pay for things? Cash? Credit card? Check? Something else?
- What is the easiest way to get cash in Korea? Are ATMs the best option?
Availability of products/services
- What goods and services that Western people are used to are not available in Korea?
What’s not online
- What kinds of day-to-day necessary things do people do online? (Meaning: not just fun/social, but like online banking, shopping, paying bills, using maps/location services, etc.)
Differences in service standards
- What’s the difference in customer service between US/Australia/Europe and Korea? More service? Less service?
- Is good customer service a necessary part of successful business dealings?
Expat community
- Are there a lot of foreign expats in Korea?
- Where do expats live in Korea?
- Where do expats hang out in Korea?
Recommended resources
- What are some good books that describe the life and culture of Korea?
- What are some good internet resources that help describe life in Korea?
Business Culture
Mindset
- Summarize the business mindset of people in Korea. Ruthless? By-the-book? Improvisational? Considerate?
- Are there any particular business dealings that foreigners should not get involved in?
Understanding “face”
- Foreigners sometimes don’t understand the Asian concept of “face” (dignity / prestige). How would you explain “face”?
- How is “face” (dignity / prestige) a part of Korea business culture? Give examples.
Direct vs indirect communication
- Give examples of direct (saying exactly what is meant) versus indirect (gestures, avoidance, vague language) communication style in Korea.
- Is direct communication (saying exactly what is meant) considered rude?
- How can someone understand the meaning behind indirect communication? Any hints to help translate?
How to tell “yes” from “no”
- People used to very direct communication find it hard to understand when someone with a more indirect communication style has told them “yes” or “no”. Give examples of some indirect statements that actually mean “yes”, and indirect statements that actually mean “no”.
Hierarchy
- How important is hierarchy in business in Korea?
- Is it disrespectful for a foreigner to deal in business with a certain class of people?
- Give an example of a business situation where the norms of hierarchy are not followed, (by a foreigner who doesn’t understand), and explain how they should be followed according to the norms of Korea.
Who to speak with in organizations
- When a foreigner wants to do business with a Korea company, who should they contact? Go directly to the top? Start in the middle?
- Are personal recommendations important in doing business with new companies or can they be reached purely on a basis of business?
Business attitudes towards foreigners
- What is the general attitude of businesses in Korea towards foreigners coming to Korea to do business?
Signals of respect
- What are some social etiquette actions that show respect for someone?
- What are some social actions that would be taken as disrespectful?
- How do people in Korea express anger? Do they usually stay quiet or express their feelings openly?
- How do people view laughter in Korea? What kinds of jokes are not acceptable?
How to build trust
- How can a foreigner doing business in Korea build trust with local businesses or people?
- Is it important to make local friends in order to spread your business?
Introductions
- What is the standard polite way of doing business introductions? (If someone asks you to introduce them to another business person you know.)
Business cards
- How important are business cards (name cards) in Korea? Do most people have them?
- What is the standard business card format in Korea? What information goes on it? Bi-lingual with one language on each side?
- Are there proper manners for how to give your business card to someone, and how to receive someone’s card?
Negotiation
- Give some insight and advice about business negotiations in Korea.
Signaling success
- How can you tell that a person is successful? Clothing? Manners? Neighborhood? Events? Friends?
Innovation vs status quo
- Do you feel that business is Korea is attracted to innovation, or attracted to the status quo?
Passing-through vs Full-time
- Is there a stigma against business people that are just passing through Korea, looking for opportunities, versus foreigners who live there?
- What advantages do foreigners who live full-time in Korea have over those who just visit?
Advantages to foreigners
- What advantages do foreigners have (versus locals) when doing business in Korea?
Advantages to locals
- What advantages do local people have (versus foreigners) when doing business in Korea?
Risks
- What are the top risks of doing business in Korea?
Corruption
- How pervasive is corruption in business in Korea? Can you give some examples? (Change the details to protect people.)
Government
General role of government
- How involved is the government in the dealings of small business?
- Is the government of Korea open to foreign businesses or restrictive?
Who’s who: departments you need to know
- What government departments will a small business probably need to interact with? Please describe each.
- What are some government regulations that need to be considered by foreign businesses?
What the government is emphasizing now
- What sectors is the government emphasizing development now? Any current mission or push?
Incentives
- What government incentives are available to new or small businesses now?
- Do many small businesses use government incentives?
Grants
- What government grants are available to new or small businesses now?
- Do many small businesses use government grants?
Business Setup
Ease of doing business
- How does Korea rank on the “Ease of Doing Business” index?
- What’s the hardest part about doing business in Korea?
- What’s the easiest part about doing business in Korea?
Local partners?
- If a foreigner is starting a business in Korea, is it required to have a local partner? Or does the government allow foreign-controlled businesses?
Business structure choice
- What are the options for business structures in Korea? (Sole proprietor? Partnership? Corporation? Other?)
- What are the advantages and disadvantages of each kind of business structure in Korea?
Business name choice
- Any advice on naming a business in Korea? Are English names OK, or should they be localized?
- What are some mistakes that foreign businesses have made when naming a business in Korea?
Timeline
- How long does it generally take to incorporate a business structure in Korea?
Cost
- What does it cost to incorporate a business structure in Korea? (Including all service fees, helper fees, government fees, etc.)
Incorporating
- How does a foreigner create a business structure in Korea?
Where to locate
- How should a new business decide where to locate in Korea?
Real estate
- How much does it cost to rent a typical 4-person office space in Korea? Give a range from center-city expensive to outlying-area cheap.
- Can a foreign investor easily buy property for business in Korea or renting is the only option?
Big city vs outlying areas
- What are the advantages and disadvantages of locating a new business in the big city versus the outlying areas?
What your location says about your business
- Does business location (center of biggest city versus outlying areas) communicate something about the business itself?
- Which neighborhood or street has the most prestige?
Utilities
- How can a new office get set up with electricity, internet, phone, and other important utilities? Describe the utility companies and summary of process for each.
- Will a foreigner have a problem getting utilities for the business? If so, what solution would you recommend?
Permits
- How can a new business find out which permits are necessary to do their business?
- How can a new business get all the permits they need?
Contracts
- Are contracts respected in Korea? Or are they often ignored if need be?
Lawyers
- Which lawyers or law firms are best to help foreign entrepreneurs in Korea?
Accountants
- Which accountants or accountancy firms are best to help foreign entrepreneurs in Korea?
Paying taxes
- What are the current tax rates for businesses in Korea?
- Are the taxes different in different regions in Korea?
- How do business owners pay their taxes?
Ongoing requirements
- Besides paying taxes, what ongoing maintenance bureaucracy is required by the government for small businesses?
Recommended resources
- What books describe doing business in Korea?
- What internet resources help someone doing business in Korea?
Hiring
Local talent strengths
- What are the main strengths of the local talent in Korea? Any particular skills or fields more developed or emphasized?
Hiring local people
- What is the best way to hire local employees?
How much to pay?
- What is the average salary for a mildly skilled worker in Korea? (Say: basic administrative tasks.)
- What is the average salary for a very skilled worker in Korea? (Say: an experienced manager.)
How to find good people?
- What’s the best way to find and hire exceptionally smart and talented workers in Korea?
Online vs offline
- How much of the finding and hiring of employees is done online? Is it rare or common to have job openings posted online?
- What websites do people use for posting jobs / finding jobs / hiring employees?
Hiring foreign people
- How can a Korea business hire a foreign employee? What are the requirements, steps, costs, and time?
Step-by-step process
- What processes or documents are required for hiring an employee?
Labor laws
- What hours do most people work? (9am-5pm?) What days do most people work? (Monday-Friday? Also Saturday?)
- Is it very common to work overtime? (Extra hours at night, or extra days per week?)
- Give a summary of the most important labor laws in Korea - that a small-business employer should know.
Payroll
- What processes or documents are required for paying an employee? Do taxes need to be withheld or paid? Any ongoing forms to file?
Unions
- Are there labor unions in Korea that will affect employees of small business?
Firing
- What processes or documents are required for firing an employee?
Recommended resources
- What local companies or people can help with hiring?
Money
Banking overview
- Give an overview of the availability and quality of small-business banking in Korea.
Bank comparison
- Compare the top three choices for small business banking in Korea. Funds required? Costs? Online access? Visa/Mastercard debit card given?
How to open an account
- What requirements do the banks have for opening a business account?
- Any additional requirements for a foreigner to open a business bank account?
Online banking
- How much of banking can be done online? Outgoing payments? International wires (telegraphic transfer)?
Paying employees
- What is the usual way for a business to pay employees in Korea? What payment method and how often?
Paying vendors
- What is the usual way for a business to pay vendors in Korea? Bank transfer? Paper check? Visa/Mastercard?
Getting a bank loan
- How can a small business get a bank loan in Korea?
Getting investors
- How can a small business get investors in Korea?
What if they don’t pay?
- What legal procedures should be followed to ensure that customers pay as promised?
- If customers don’t pay, what methods are used to get them to pay?
Industry sectors
Industries
- What are the main exports of Korea?
- What industries are very well-developed in Korea?
What’s missing?
- What industries are not very well-developed in Korea, and have much room to grow?
- What useful services or products are missing in Korea now?
- What industries have the most opportunity in Korea right now?
What’s unique?
- What services or products are unique to Korea? Any particular business or service that exists in Korea, that you’ve never heard of anywhere else?
Growing the Business
Marketing
- What methods do local businesses use for marketing their business?
- What language should local marketing use?
Expanding outside the country
- Do many businesses in Korea expand outside the country?
- What are the best ways to sell local products from Korea to other countries?
- Are there any government regulations concerning exports?
- What are some of the ways to open a franchise in Korea?
- Can investors transfer their existing business in Korea?


Important Symbols of the Carolina Panthers
The Panthers have many important symbols and traditions. Here are a few of the most important and recognizable ones.
Logo
The shape of the Panthers logo was designed to mimic the outline of both North Carolina and South Carolina. In 2012, the Panthers changed their logo and logotype, the first such change in team history. The changes were designed to give their logo an "aggressive, contemporary look" and a more 3D feel and several details were tweaked to create a more menacing look. The revised logo uses a darker shade of blue. The logotype has been refined to be a modern reflection of the Panthers brand and was inspired by the swift, sleek nature of a panther.
Jerseys
By October 1993, when the Panthers were announced as the 29th NFL team, they had already finalized their logo and helmet design. However, the team uniforms were still a work in progress. Eventually, they decided on white, black, and blue jerseys and white and silver pants. The exact shade of blue that was chosen was “process blue,” which was a shade described as being lighter than Duke’s and darker than North Carolina’s (both being well-known colleges in North Carolina). Since then, the team’s uniforms have remained largely the same. This is mainly in part due to team owner/founder Jerry Richardson, a self-described traditionalist, saying that no major uniform changes would be made in his lifetime.
Of the Panthers’ three jersey colors, their blue alternate uniforms are the newest, having only been introduced in 2002. As per NFL rules, the Panthers are allowed to wear these uniforms up to two times per season.  However, there have been several exceptions.  The choice of blue socks was made by team captain Steve Smith, Sr., who thought the pop of blue color made the uniforms a distinct appearance compared to other teams’ all-black uniforms. This turned out to be an excellent combination, as it was deemed the “Greatest Uniform in NFL History” by fans in an NFL.com fan-voted contest in July 2013. That same month, the Panthers’ team equipment manager said that the Panthers intended to use the all-black uniforms more in the future. As part of Nike’s “Color Rush” series, the Panthers debuted an all-blue uniform in their 2015 Thanksgiving Day game against the Dallas Cowboys.
After Nike became the NFL’s jersey supplier in 2012, the team’s uniforms didn’t change significantly. However, the collar was altered by featuring the phrase “Keep Pounding,” an homage to former Panthers player and coach Sam Mills. Nike had come up with the idea, and the team supported it as a way to expose newer fans to the legacy of Mills, who died of cancer in 2005.
Bank of America Stadium
Opened in the summer of 1996, Bank of America Stadium is located in uptown Charlotte and was specifically designed for football. The 75,525-seat, privately-financed, open-air, natural grass stadium is designed as a self-contained headquarters for the Carolina Panthers and includes training facilities, practice fields and administrative offices. The stadium and adjacent practice fields are located on 33 acres of land in uptown Charlotte. The stadium site has access to 30,000 parking spaces in the uptown area with easy access to restaurants and hotel rooms in the stadium's immediate vicinity.
The stadium facade features many unique elements, such as massive arches and towers at the entries, clad in building materials that accent the Panthers' black, silver and blue team colors. The interior has been designed to provide a generous ratio of concession and restroom facilities among wide and tall concourses in addition to individual cup and program holders, wide seats and state-of-the-art sound, video and scoreboard systems.
A five-year renovation project for the stadium began during the 2014 offseason, and updated many aspects of the stadium to keep it up-to-date and to make the fan experience as best as possible. In 2014, 4 escalator bays were added, as well as HD video boards, ribbon boards, and a state-of-the-art sound system. In 2015, all 153 suites were redone, with new features including more rows of seating, fully retractable windows, radiant heat and more televisions. The antenna system was also upgraded to improve cellular service throughout the stadium. In 2016, many renovations were made that focused on improving security and Internet connectivity. Walk-through magnetometers were installed at all stadium entrances, and Wi-Fi service was enhanced with more than 1,200 access points. New signage was installed on the upper level concourse, and digital menu boards and increased points of sale were added to concession stands. The lower level concourse saw similar renovations in 2017. Also, all eight silver club lounges were redesigned and the field was rebuilt as new irrigation and drainage systems were installed.
Sir Purr
Sir Purr is the official mascot of the Carolina Panthers. He is an anthropomorphized panther wearing a Panthers football jersey, No.00. Sir Purr purr-forms at a variety of events, from private birthdays to charity events. Throughout the years, he has been consistently and frequently involved with the Carolinas community. Through the Purr’s Pals program, Sir Purr teams up with Big Brothers Big Sisters of Greater Charlotte to provide a Big and Little with a lifetime memory. During the week of each Panthers home game, a Big and Little share the un-fur-gettable experience of a purr-sonal behind the scenes tour of Bank of America Stadium. A highlight of the tour is a sir-prise visit by Sir Purr, who presents the Big and Little with an even bigger sir-prise, tickets to a Panthers home game and the paw-some thrill of delivering the game ball into the stadium. Every month, Sir Purr visits the patients at the Levine Children's Hospital at Carolinas Medical Center in Charlotte and brings smiles to their faces. The 10th floor of the hospital features a special Panthers theme that includes pictures, decorations and other items that can be enjoyed by the children and their families as they receive state-of-the-art care. Sir Purr hosts the annual Sir Purr Bowl, an annual gridiron grudge match between professional and college mascots that takes place at halftime of a Panthers home game each season as popular mascots play a full-contact football game. Sir Purr caused a stir during Week 16 of the 1996 NFL season, when the Panthers were playing the Pittsburgh Steelers. On a Panthers punt that landed in the endzone, he jumped on the ball even though it was still live. This turned the play into a touchback, and Sir Purr was subsequently recorded as having 1 punt return for 0 yards.
"Keep Pounding"
Sam Mills signed with the Panthers as a free agent in the 1994 offseason. After playing for the Panthers from 1995 to 1997, he retired. Immediately upon retiring, Mills became a defensive coaching assistant for the Panthers before being promoted to the role of linebackers coach in 1999.
In August 2003, Mills was diagnosed with intestinal cancer. Although he was told he had only a few months to live, he underwent chemotherapy and radiation and continued to coach. He was an inspirational force in the Panthers’ journey to Super Bowl XXXVIII. On a cold, overcast Friday in January 2004, then-coach John Fox gathered the team on the practice field near Bank of America Stadium. The day after, the team would begin its run to Super Bowl XXXVIII with a game against the Dallas Cowboys in the Divisional Round. Mills would deliver a powerful and inspirational speech. "When I found out I had cancer, there were two things I could do: quit or keep pounding," Mills said that day. "I'm a fighter. I kept pounding. You're fighters, too. Keep pounding!"
He continued to coach the team during the 2004 season, but after battling with cancer for almost two years, Mills died at his home in Charlotte, North Carolina on the morning of April 18, 2005. Though Mills was gone, his words lived on, and “Keep Pounding” was soon adopted as the team’s motto.
In 2012, the Panthers introduced the Keep Pounding Drum, inspired by Mills’ aforementioned speech. Before every home game, an honorary drummer hits the six-foot tall drum four times to signify the four quarters of an American football game. According to the team, the drummers "come from a variety of backgrounds and occupations, but all have overcome a great trial or adversity that has not only made them strong but also pushes them to make others around them stronger." Such drummers include 2-time NBA MVP and Charlotte native Stephen Curry of the Golden State Warriors.


- validate(String) - Method in enum models.Command
-
Validates a command with a patter
- validate(String) - Method in enum models.Context
-
Validates a command.
- validateAttack(GameMap, String) - Static method in class controllers.GameController
-
Validates the attack method.
- validateFortify(GameMap, String) - Static method in class controllers.GameController
-
Checks whether fortification is valid.
- validateMap() - Method in class controllers.EditorControllerTest
-
test to validate the map
- validateMap(GameMap) - Static method in class utils.MapValidator
-
Checks whether the current game map is a valid map or not.
- validatePlayerCount() - Method in class controllers.RunnerTest
-
Test to check whether the number of players are valid
- validatePlayerCount() - Method in class models.GameMap
-
Validates the count of players in the game.
- validateReinforce(GameMap, String) - Static method in class controllers.GameController
-
Validates the reinforcement command.
- validateSubgraphConnectivityMap() - Method in class utils.MapValidatorTest
-
performs check on the map validity and DFS check on the continent
- validCommands - Variable in enum models.Context
-
An array of Command objects with valid commands (for a particular phase).
- validCommands - Static variable in class utils.CLI
-
A Map of all the valid commands for a specific Context.
- value - Variable in enum models.Card.typeOfCard
-
Holds the value for the card.
- value - Variable in class models.Continent
-
The control value of the continent.
- valueOf(String) - Static method in enum models.Card.typeOfCard
-
Returns the enum constant of this type with the specified name.
- valueOf(String) - Static method in enum models.Command
-
Returns the enum constant of this type with the specified name.
- valueOf(String) - Static method in enum models.Context
-
Returns the enum constant of this type with the specified name.
- values() - Static method in enum models.Card.typeOfCard
-
Returns an array containing the constants of this enum type, in
the order they are declared.
- values() - Static method in enum models.Command
-
Returns an array containing the constants of this enum type, in
the order they are declared.
- values() - Static method in enum models.Context
-
Returns an array containing the constants of this enum type, in
the order they are declared.
- views - package views
-


| Day | Session | Workshop Title | Speaker | Room | Time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 1 | Video & Media | Podcast learning Creating Online Video Training Screen Casting Techniques |
Mr. Smith Mr. Spencer Mr. Smith |
Rm.113 | 8:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. |
| Day 1 | Gamification | Game Based Learning Integrating UX Design and Gamification Building eLearning Games |
Mr. Smith Mr. Sarria Mr. Phillips |
Rm.113 | 8:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. |
| Day 2 | Session 3 | Future of Workplace Learning Virtual Reality Training Augmented Reality Training |
Mr. Smith Mr. Luckey Mr. Luckey |
Rm.113 | 8:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. |


"You respect what a person can do for you. You fear what a person can do to you."
"If I lived my life the way my mother wanted me to, I would be a multimillionaire with a mansion and a yacht.
If I lived my life the way my preacher wanted me to, I would be engaged and in a seminary. If I lived my life the way my boss wanted
me to, I would wash dishes forever.
"the IRS cannot tax friendships. Thieves cannot steal your connections away from you."
"There are only two types of fashion in America, clothes only women wear, and clothes everyone wears."
"The more wealth you have, the less people care where you're from."


Welcome to the Foursquare Heat Map
Please accept the location request or enter an address manually
Category:
All
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Nightlife
Outdoors & Recreation
Professional & Other Places
Residences
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Radius:
1mi
3mi
5mi
10mi
25mi
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Name
Category
Address
Lat, Lng
Currently Here


Class Tile
A terrain object that implements a flags-based system for recording Tile information.
Implements
Inherited Members
Namespace: SadConsole.Tiles
Assembly: SadConsole.GoRogue.dll
Syntax
public class Tile : BasicTerrain, IGameObject, IHasID, IHasLayer, IHasComponents, IFactoryObject
Constructors
Tile(Coord, Boolean, Boolean)
Declaration
public Tile(Coord position, bool isWalkable, bool isTransparent)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| GoRogue.Coord | position | |
| System.Boolean | isWalkable | |
| System.Boolean | isTransparent |
Tile(Color, Coord, Boolean, Boolean)
Declaration
public Tile(Color foreground, Coord position, bool isWalkable, bool isTransparent)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Color | foreground | |
| GoRogue.Coord | position | |
| System.Boolean | isWalkable | |
| System.Boolean | isTransparent |
Tile(Color, Color, Coord, Boolean, Boolean)
Declaration
public Tile(Color foreground, Color background, Coord position, bool isWalkable, bool isTransparent)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Color | foreground | |
| Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Color | background | |
| GoRogue.Coord | position | |
| System.Boolean | isWalkable | |
| System.Boolean | isTransparent |
Tile(Color, Color, Int32, Coord, Boolean, Boolean)
Declaration
public Tile(Color foreground, Color background, int glyph, Coord position, bool isWalkable, bool isTransparent)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Color | foreground | |
| Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Color | background | |
| System.Int32 | glyph | |
| GoRogue.Coord | position | |
| System.Boolean | isWalkable | |
| System.Boolean | isTransparent |
Tile(Color, Color, Int32, SpriteEffects, Coord, Boolean, Boolean)
Declaration
public Tile(Color foreground, Color background, int glyph, SpriteEffects mirror, Coord position, bool isWalkable, bool isTransparent)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Color | foreground | |
| Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Color | background | |
| System.Int32 | glyph | |
| Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics.SpriteEffects | mirror | |
| GoRogue.Coord | position | |
| System.Boolean | isWalkable | |
| System.Boolean | isTransparent |
Fields
AppearanceNeverSeen
Appearance set as the never-seen appearance for cells. Defaults to black.
Declaration
public static Cell AppearanceNeverSeen
Field Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| SadConsole.Cell |
DimAmount
The amount multiplied to the color value of the normal appearance to obtain the unseen appearance, if no unseen appearance is specified.
Declaration
public static float DimAmount
Field Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Single |
Factory
The factory instance to generate tiles from.
Declaration
public static Factory<TileBlueprintConfig, Tile> Factory
Field Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| GoRogue.Factory.Factory<TileBlueprintConfig, Tile> |
Properties
CurrentMap
The map containining the Tile.
Declaration
public TileMap CurrentMap { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| TileMap |
DefinitionId
ID of the blueprint that created this Tile.
Declaration
public string DefinitionId { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.String |
Description
Arbitrary description for the Tile.
Declaration
public string Description { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.String |
Flags
Flags for the tile such as blocks LOS.
Declaration
public int Flags { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Int32 |
IsTransparent
Whether or not the Tile is considered transparent for the sake of FOV.
Declaration
public override bool IsTransparent { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Boolean |
Overrides
IsWalkable
Whether or not the tile is walkable for the sake of pathing.
Declaration
public override bool IsWalkable { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Boolean |
Overrides
OnProcessAction
Called automatically when the ProcessAction(ActionBase) function is invoked.
Declaration
public Action<Tile, ActionBase> OnProcessAction { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Action<Tile, ActionBase> |
OnTileFlagsChanged
Called automatically when the Tile's Flags are changed.
Declaration
public Action<Tile, int> OnTileFlagsChanged { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Action<Tile, System.Int32> |
OnTileStateChanged
Called automatically when the Tile's TileState changes.
Declaration
public Action<Tile, int> OnTileStateChanged { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Action<Tile, System.Int32> |
TileState
The state of the tile.
Declaration
public int TileState { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Int32 |
Title
Arbitrary title for the Tile.
Declaration
public string Title { get; set; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.String |
Type
The type of tile represented.
Declaration
public int Type { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Int32 |
Methods
ChangeAppearance(Cell)
Modify the appearance of the cell as specified. The dim version of the cell will be identical, but with the colors dimmed by a factor of DimAmount.
Declaration
public void ChangeAppearance(Cell normal)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| SadConsole.Cell | normal | Appearance to set. |
ChangeAppearance(Cell, Cell)
Modify normal and dim appearances as specified.
Declaration
public void ChangeAppearance(Cell normal, Cell dim)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| SadConsole.Cell | normal | Appearance to set as normal appearance. |
| SadConsole.Cell | dim | Appearance to set as dim appearance. |
ChangeGlyph(Int32)
Change glyph of both the normal and dim versions of the Tile to the specified one.
Declaration
public void ChangeGlyph(int glyph)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Int32 | glyph | Glyph to change to. |
ProcessAction(ActionBase)
Callto cause the Tile to process an action.
Declaration
public virtual void ProcessAction(ActionBase action)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ActionBase | action | Action to process. |
SetFlag(TileFlags[])
Adds the specified flags to the Flags property.
Declaration
public void SetFlag(params TileFlags[] flags)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| TileFlags[] | flags | The flags to set. |
UnsetFlag(TileFlags[])
Removes the specified flags to the Flags property.
Declaration
public void UnsetFlag(params TileFlags[] flags)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| TileFlags[] | flags | The flags to remove. |
UpdateAppearance()
Updates the cells appearance based on lighting/explored/seen flags.
Declaration
protected virtual void UpdateAppearance()
Events
TileChanged
Fires whenever tile flags, state, etc change.
Declaration
public event EventHandler TileChanged
Event Type
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.EventHandler |


Home
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Home
Events
Services
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Contact
新生手册
CHINESE STUDENT & SCHOLAR ASSOCIATION
Welcome to the University at Albany Chinese Students and Scholars Association (UA-CSSA).
Services
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Before Change
def audio(tag, tensor, sample_rate=44100):
tensor = make_np(tensor)
tensor = tensor.squeeze()
if abs(tensor).max() > 1:
print("warning: audio amplitude out of range, auto clipped.")
tensor = tensor.clip(-1, 1)
assert(tensor.ndim == 1), "input tensor should be 1 dimensional."
tensor_list = [int(32767.0 * x) for x in tensor]
import io
import wave
import struct
After Change
print("warning: audio amplitude out of range, auto clipped.")
tensor = tensor.clip(-1, 1)
if tensor.ndim == 1: // old API, which expects single channel audio
tensor = np.expand_dims(tensor, axis=1)
assert(tensor.ndim == 2), "Input tensor should be 2 dimensional."
length_frames, num_channels = tensor.shape
assert num_channels == 1 or num_channels == 2, "The second dimension should be 1 or 2."
with io.BytesIO() as fio:
soundfile.write(fio, tensor, samplerate=sample_rate, format="wav")
audio_string = fio.getvalue()
audio = Summary.Audio(sample_rate=sample_rate,
num_channels=num_channels,


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block head %} {% include "includes/head.html" %} {% endblock %} {% block page_title %} Apprenticeships {% endblock %} {% block content %} {% include "includes/phase_banner_beta.html" %} {% include "includes/breadcrumbs/register-back.html" %} {% include "includes/account-name-number.html" %}Select end-point assessor Name Rob Edwards Unique larner number<PHONE_NUMBER> Apprenticeship training course Level 2: Aeronautical Engineering End-point assessor There are 2 end-point assessors available for this training course. You'll need to choose one now or before the training finishes. Please select an end-point assessor Institute of Mechanical Engineers Institute of Engineering Standards What is an end-point assessor? An end-point assessor carries out a final assessment to ensure apprentices have successfully completed their apprenticeship. End-point assessment only applies to Standards. Find out more about end-point assessors Cancel {% endblock %}
An end-point assessor carries out a final assessment to ensure apprentices have successfully completed their apprenticeship. End-point assessment only applies to Standards.
Find out more about end-point assessors


## Achieving Essential Digital Preservation
#### July 28, 2018 | Atlanta, GA
[Todd Stoffer - NCSU<EMAIL_ADDRESS>[@toddstoffer](www.twitter.com/toddstoffer) | [tdstoffe<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| [go.ncsu.edu/c4lse](https://go.ncsu.edu/c4lse)
Note: Hello, I'm Todd and I am from NCSU. Today I am here to talk about digital preservation and the development of a new digital preservation application at NCSU Libraries. Here is some contact info and a link to the slides with speaker notes.
## ~~Essential~~ Digital ~~Preservation~~
Note: Lets start by adding some context to the term digital. All libraries have digital assets. Ours, like most, come from a variety of sources (some digitized, some born digital, in a variety of formats (text, image, video) and all with a variety of differing preservation needs. Even though they are digital the issues related to scarcity and monetary value that are often used to determine preservation requirements of physical objects are still relevant. Due to the growth of these types of assets within our collections at NCSU, the need for a formal technical system to manage their longterm preservation, outside of our normal IT backup infrastructure, became a pressing matter.
## ~~Essential~~ ~~Digital~~ Preservation
Note: To formally address our digital preservation needs NCSU Libraries established a working group (the Digitization and Digital Curation Working Group (DDCWG)). This group worked to identify our current digital preservation strategy and compare that to current best practices (many of which are outlined by the National Digital Stewardship Alliance (NDSA) “Levels of Digital Preservation" document) [1]. This resulted in a report outlining steps we could take to improve our current strategy and bring it more in line with industry best practices. By breaking this work down into levels of preservation it allowed us to begin thinking of technical solutions that could help us incrementally improve - level up. This is an important step in helping to avoid the preservation rabbit hole.
[1]https://www.digitalpreservation.gov:8081/ndsa/activities/levels.html
## Preservation Rabbit Hole
Note: Often when we begin new digital preservation projects, we begin with good intentions of simply trying to keep some files around so we can use them again a few years down the road. However, soon enough we are down the rabbit hole of trying to develop a process that covers every 'what if' scenario. While I don't want to diminish the effect that a zombie apocalypse would have on our ability to maintain long-term preservation of word perfect files - a much more likely scenario is a simple drive failure and missed backup that could lead to the loss of digitized assets which would require a high cost to re-digitize and recover. By trying to remediate all potential negative outcomes, we are overcome with possibilities and delay the implementation of any technical solution at all.
## Essential ~~Digital~~ ~~Preservation~~
Note: Are there certain aspects of digital preservation that are more 'essential' than others? This is the basic question that we started with. At a bare minimum what do we need to have in place before we feel that an asset is preserved. What concrete steps can we take to move up to higher levels as outlined by the NDSA which will improve our overall strategy. By working towards developing a solution that begins by addressing the low-hanging-fruit of digital preservation we have been able to avoid the rabbit hole that plagues so many digital preservation projects.
## Introducing SCPS
### (noun | **\ˈsküps \\**)
Note: SCPS is an application developed by a team at NCSU Libraries that is focused on providing the basic DAMS functions of file tracking, checksum polling and notification of corrupt assets. It is a Ruby on Rails application that has been developed to be intentionally simple - while at the same time meeting the basic functional requirements of a digital preservation system. It was developed in collaboration with the Digital Library Initiatives department and the Special Collections Research Center.
## SCPS Team
#### Bret Davidson
##### Brian Dietz
##### Todd Stoffer
##### Trevor Thornton
Note:
## What Does it Do?
- Asset Ingest and Transfer
- Checksum Validation
- Failure Notifications
Note: At its most basic, SCPS just moves files into preservation storage. It takes files from local file systems or other servers and copies them to preservation storage mounts. It also records the destination locations of each asset, records a checksum of the asset and a bit of additional metadata. It also does regularly scheduled checksum comparison and sends notifications if there are discrepancies.
![slide-image](/images/c4lse/basic-scps.png)
Note: So this is the basic implementation of SCPS. There is a staging storage mount and files that are to be ingested get put there - then they are run through SCPS, copied to additional preservation mounts and a variety of db records are created. Perhaps a better term than basic for this initial implementation would be foundational. This application is meant to serve as the foundation for our digital preservation process - and can and will be integrated into other systems to create a more complex soution.
![slide-image](/images/c4lse/etd-integration.png)
Note: What does a SCPS integration look like? With only a slight amount of integration work we are able to preserve the output of other systems. Lets take a look at a recent enhancement we have been working on - using SCPS as an additional preservation location for our Electronic Thesis and Dissertations service. In this case we simply share a staging mount between two systems and can run a process to ingest a copy of each file in the secondary system.
![slide-image](/images/c4lse/aptrust.png)
Note: And to extend it one more time - we can add 3rd party preservation endpoints to the storage array - giving us the ability to easily transfer data to off site storage providers.
## Future Enhancements
- Additional 3rd Party Preservation Locations
- File Browsing / Access
- API Integration for Internal Systems
## Thanks To:
##### Bret Davidson
##### Brian Dietz
##### Trevor Thornton
## Thank You
#### @toddstoffer | tdstoffe@ncsu.edu


---
title: PIKI- A P2P-based Wiki Engine
date: 2012-06-10 22:28:45.000000000 +02:00
type: pages
published: true
status: publish
categories: []
tags: []
meta:
_edit_last: '1'
_wp_page_template: sidebar-page.php
author:
login: patmuk
email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: patmuk
first_name: ''
last_name: ''
languages:
en
---
{% include fallback_lang_support %}
PIKI is a P2P-based Wiki engine with focus on concurrent changes, version control an decentralized full text search. Our solution is based on FreePastry, an open source implementation of the structured, DHT based P2P Overlay Pastry.
Articles are displayed and edited by a Graphical User Interface (Picture above). It features tab-browsing and provides an easy access to the browsing history. The main features are:
- Save and Retrieve of Articles:
Article can be retrieved by name or via full text search.
- Version Control:
In addition to the current version of an article all delta data sets of former versions are retrieved and can be reviewed in the GUI.
- Full Text Search:
Beside the retrieval of articles by name, PIKI can also retrieve articles by a full text search engine.
- Metadata from Articles and Traceability Links:
In addition to the article itself, Traceability Links are maintained and saved. This metadata contains additional information about the article like author, version number as well as related and referring documents. Furthermore, semantic information about the articles are saved to obtain the relationship between documents. This typification of articles and linking between them makes the process of proofing actuality easier.
PIKI was presented at CEBIT 2008.


Apache™ FOP: Graphics Formats
Introduction
After the Apache™ FOP 0.94 release, the image handling subsystem has been rewritten in order to improve the range of supported images and image subtypes, to lower the overall memory consumption when handling images, to produce smaller output files and to increase the performance in certain areas. Of course, this causes a few changes most of which the user will probably not notice. The most important changes are:
-
The image libraries Jimi and JAI are no longer supported. Instead, Apache FOP uses the Image I/O API that was introduced with Java 1.4 for all bitmap codecs.
-
Some bitmap images are no longer converted to a standardized 24 bit RGB image but are instead handled in their native format.
-
A plug-in mechanism offers a possibility to add support for new formats without changing the FOP's source code.
The actual image loading framework no longer resides in Apache FOP, but was instead placed in XML Graphics Commons.
Overview of Graphics Support
The table below summarizes the theoretical support for graphical formats within FOP. In other words, within the constraints of the limitations listed here, these formats should work. However, many of them have not been tested, and there may be limitations that have not yet been discovered or documented. The packages needed to support some formats are not included in the FOP distribution and must be installed separately. Follow the links in the "Support Through" columns for more details.
| Format | Type | Support Through Apache FOP (native) | Support Through Apache Batik | Support Through Image I/O |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMP (Microsoft Windows Bitmap) | bitmap | X [1] | ||
| EMF (Windows Enhanced Metafile) | vector (with embedded bitmaps) | (X) | ||
| EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) | metafile (both bitmap and vector), most frequently used for vector drawings | (X) | ||
| GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) | bitmap | X | ||
| JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) | bitmap | (X) | X | |
| PNG (Portable Network Graphic) | bitmap | X | ||
| SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) | vector (with embedded bitmaps) | X | ||
| TIFF (Tag Image Format File) | bitmap | (X) | X [1] | |
| WMF (Windows Metafile) | vector (with embedded bitmaps) | (X) |
Legend:
-
"(X)" means restricted support. Please see the details below.
-
[1]: Requires the presence of JAI Image I/O Tools (or an equivalent Image I/O compatible codec) in the classpath. JAI Image I/O Tools also adds support for JPEG 2000, WBMP, RAW and PNM. Other Image I/O codecs may provide support for additional formats. JAI Image I/O Tools is not the same as the JAI library ! The former simply exposes JAI's codecs using the Image I/O API but does not include all the image manipulation functionality.
Map of supported image formats by output format
Not all image formats are supported for all output formats! For example, while you can use EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) files when you generate PostScript output, this format will not be supported by any other output format. Here's an overview of which image formats are supported by which output format:
| Image Format | PostScript | Java2D, PNG, TIFF, AWT | PCL | AFP | RTF | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMP (Microsoft Windows Bitmap) | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| EMF (Windows Enhanced Metafile) | X [1] | |||||
| EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) | X [1] | |||||
| GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) | X [1] | X [1] | X | X | X [1] | X |
| PNG (Portable Network Graphic) | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| TIFF (Tag Image Format File) | X [2] | X [2] | X | X | X [2] | X |
| WMF (Windows Metafile) | X | X | X | X | X | X |
Legend:
-
[1]: Supported without the need to decode the image.
-
[2]: Supported without the need to decode the image, but only for certain subtypes.
Graphics Packages
XML Graphics Commons Native
XML Graphics Commons supports a number of graphic file formats natively as basic functionality: all bitmap formats for which there are Image I/O codecs available (JPEG, PNG, GIF, TIFF, etc.), EPS and EMF.
FOP Native
FOP has no native image plug-ins for the image loading framework of its own but currently hosts the Batik-dependent SVG and WMF plug-ins until they can be moved to Apache Batik.
Apache Batik
Apache Batik will later receive the SVG and WMF plug-ins for the image loading framework that are currently hosted inside FOP.
Current FOP distributions include a distribution of the Apache Batik. Because Batik's API changes frequently, it is highly recommended that you use the version that ships with FOP, at least when running FOP.
Here are some workarounds:
-
Start Java with the
-Djava.awt.headless=true
command line option. -
Install an X server which provides an in-memory framebuffer without actually using a screen device or any display hardware. One example is Xvfb.
-
Install a toolkit which emulates AWT without the need for an underlying X server. One example is the PJA toolkit, which is free and comes with detailed installation instructions.
Image I/O
The image loading framework in XML Graphics Commons provides a wrapper to load images through the JDK's Image I/O API (JSR 015). Image I/O allows to dynamically add additional image codecs. An example of such an add-on library are the JAI Image I/O Tools available from Sun.
Details on image formats
BMP
BMP images are supported through an Image I/O codec. There may be limitations of the codec which are outside the control of Apache FOP.
EMF
Windows Enhanced Metafiles (EMF) are only supported in RTF output where they are embedded without decoding.
EPS
Apache FOP allows to use EPS files when generating PostScript output only.
Other output targets can't be supported at the moment because FOP lacks a PostScript interpreter. Furthermore, FOP is currently not able to parse the preview bitmaps sometimes contained in EPS files.
 Transparency is supported but not guaranteed to work with every output format.
JPEG
FOP native support (i.e. the handling of undecoded images) of JPEG does not include all variants, especially those containing unusual color lookup tables and color profiles. If you have trouble with a JPEG image in FOP, try opening it with an image processing program (such as Photoshop or Gimp) and then saving it. Specifying 24-bit color output may also help. For the PDF and PostScript renderers most JPEG images can be passed through without decompression. User reports indicate that grayscale, RGB, and CMYK color spaces are all rendered properly. However, for other output formats, the JPEG images have to be decompressed. Tests have shown that there are some limitation in some Image I/O codecs concerning images in the CMYK color space. Work-arounds are in place but may not always work as expected.
PNG
PNG images are supported through an Image I/O codec. Transparency is supported but not guaranteed to work with every output format.
SVG
Introduction
FOP uses Apache Batik for SVG support. This format can be handled as an fo:instream-foreign-object
or in a separate file referenced with fo:external-graphic
.
Batik's SVG Rasterizer utility may also be used to convert standalone SVG documents into PDF. For more information please see the SVG Rasterizer documentation on the Batik site.
Placing SVG Graphics into PDF
The SVG is rendered into PDF by using PDF commands to draw and fill lines and curves. This means that the graphical objects created with this remain as vector graphics. The same applies to PostScript output. For other output formats the SVG graphic may be converted to a bitmap image.
There are a number of SVG things that cannot be converted directly into PDF. Parts of the graphic such as effects, patterns and images are inserted into the PDF as a raster graphic. The resolution of these raster images can be controlled through the "target resolution" setting in the configuration.
Currently transparency is limited in PDF so many SVG images that contain effects or graphics with transparent areas may not be displayed correctly.
Placing SVG Text into PDF and PostScript
If possible, Batik will use normal PDF or PostScript text when inserting text. It does this by checking if the text can be drawn normally and the font is supported. This example svg text.svg /text.pdfshows how various types and effects with text are handled. Note that tspan and outlined text are not yet implemented.
Otherwise, text is converted and drawn as a set of shapes by Batik, using the stroking text painter. This means that a typical character will have about 10 curves (each curve consists of at least 20 characters). This can make the output files large and when it is viewed the viewer may not normally draw those fine curves very well (In Adobe Acrobat, turning on "Smooth Line Art" in the preferences will fix this). Copy/paste functionality will not be supported in this case. If the text is inserted into the output file using the inbuilt text commands it will use a single character.
Note that because SVG text can be rendered as either text or a vector graphic, you may need to consider settings in your viewer for both. The Acrobat viewer has both "smooth line art" and "smooth text" settings that may need to be set for SVG images to be displayed nicely on your screen (see Edit / Preferences / Display). This setting will not affect the printing of your document, which should be OK in any case, but will only affect the quality of the screen display.
Scaling
Currently, SVG images are rendered with the dimensions specified in the SVG file, within the viewport specified in the fo:external-graphic element. For everything to work properly, the two should be equal. The SVG standard leaves this issue as an implementation detail. Additional scaling options are available through XSL-FO means.
If you use pixels to specify the size of an SVG graphic the "source resolution" setting in the configuration will be used to determine the size of a pixel. The use of pixels to specify sizes is discouraged as they may be interpreted differently in different environments.
Known Problems
-
Soft mask transparency is combined with white so that it looks better on PDF 1.3 viewers but this causes the soft mask to be slightly lighter or darker on PDF 1.4 viewers.
-
There is some problem with a gradient inside a pattern which may cause a PDF error when viewed in Acrobat 5.
-
Text is not always handled correctly, it may select the wrong font especially if characters have multiple fonts in the font list.
-
Uniform transparency for images and other SVG elements that are converted into a raster graphic are not drawn properly in PDF. The image is opaque.
TIFF
FOP can embed TIFF images without decompression into PDF, PostScript and AFP if they have either CCITT T.4, CCITT T.6, or JPEG compression. Otherwise, a TIFF-capable Image I/O codec is necessary for decoding the image.
There may be some limitation concerning images in the CMYK color space.
WMF
Windows Metafiles (WMF) are supported through classes in Apache Batik. At the moment, support for this format is experimental and may not always work as expected.
Graphics Resolution
Some bitmapped image file formats store a dots-per-inch (dpi) or other resolution values. FOP tries to use this resolution information whenever possible to determine the image's intrinsic size. This size is used during the layout process when it is not superseded by an explicit size on fo:external-graphic (content-width and content-height properties).
Please note that not all images contain resolution information. If it's not available the source resolution set on the FopFactory (or through the user configuration XML) is used. The default here is 72 dpi.
Bitmap images are generally embedded into the output format at their original resolution (as is). No resampling of the image is performed. Explicit resampling is on our wishlist, but hasn't been implemented, yet. Bitmaps included in SVG graphics may be resampled to the resolution specified in the "target resolution" setting in the configuration if SVG filters are applied. This can be used as a work-around to resample images in FO documents.
Page selection for multi-page formats
Some image formats such as TIFF support multiple pages/sub-images per file. You can select a particular page using a special URI fragment in the form: http://localhost/images/myimage.tiff#page=3
)
Image caching
FOP caches images between runs. There is one cache per FopFactory instance. The URI is used as a key to identify images which means that when a particular URI appears again, the image is taken from the cache. If you have a servlet that generates a different image each time it is called with the same URI you need to use a constantly changing dummy parameter on the URI to avoid caching.
The image cache has been improved considerably in the redesigned code. Therefore, resetting the image cache should be a thing of the past. If you still experience OutOfMemoryErrors, please notify us.
If all else fails, the image cache can be cleared like this: fopFactory.getImageManager().getCache().clearCache();


Greedy Algorithms
Divide and Conquer
Dynamic Progamming
Network Flow
Dijkstra's Algorithm
Prim's Algorithm
Kruskal's Algorithm
Ford-Fulkerson Algorithm


WITNESS LIST Public Safety Committee May 15, 2002-10:00A Interim Charge #2 On: Dixon, Tom (Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission) Longway, Joseph (Texas Department of Public Safety) Wanser, Dave (Texas Commission on Alcohol and Drug Abuse)


Introduction¶
Version 3.15.3 for version 1.10 of the CF conventions.
The Python cf
package is an Earth Science data analysis library that
is built on a complete implementation of the CF data model.
Functionality¶
The cf
package implements the CF data model for its internal
data structures and so is able to process any CF-compliant dataset. It
is not strict about CF-compliance, however, so that partially
conformant datasets may be ingested from existing datasets and written
to new datasets.This is so that datasets that are partially conformant
may nonetheless be modified in memory.
>>> import cf
>>> f = cf.read('file.nc')
>>> f
[<CF Field: air_temperature(time(12), latitude(64), longitude(128)) K>]
>>> print(f[0])
Field: air_temperature (ncvar%tas)
----------------------------------
Data : air_temperature(time(12), latitude(64), longitude(128)) K
Cell methods : time(12): mean (interval: 1.0 month)
Dimension coords: time(12) = [1991-11-16 00:00:00, ..., 1991-10-16 12:00:00] noleap
: latitude(64) = [-87.8638, ..., 87.8638] degrees_north
: longitude(128) = [0.0, ..., 357.1875] degrees_east
: height(1) = [2.0] m
The cf
package uses Dask for all of its array
manipulation and can:
read field constructs and domain constructs from netCDF, CDL, PP and UM datasets,
create new field constructs in memory,
write and append field constructs to netCDF datasets on disk,
read, write, and create coordinates defined by geometry cells,
read netCDF and CDL datasets containing hierarchical groups,
inspect field constructs,
test whether two field constructs are the same,
modify field construct metadata and data,
create subspaces of field constructs,
write field constructs to netCDF datasets on disk,
incorporate, and create, metadata stored in external files,
read, write, and create data that have been compressed by convention (i.e. ragged or gathered arrays, or coordinate arrays compressed by subsampling), whilst presenting a view of the data in its uncompressed form,
combine field constructs arithmetically,
manipulate field construct data by arithmetical and trigonometrical operations,
perform statistical collapses on field constructs,
perform histogram, percentile and binning operations on field constructs,
regrid field constructs with (multi-)linear, nearest neighbour, first- and second-order conservative and higher order patch recovery methods,
apply convolution filters to field constructs,
create running means from field constructs,
apply differential operators to field constructs,
create derived quantities (such as relative vorticity).
Visualisation¶
Powerful, flexible, and user-friendly visualisations of field
constructs are available with the cf-plot
package that is installed
separately to cf
(see http://ajheaps.github.io/cf-plot for details).
See the cf-plot gallery for the wide range of plotting possibilities with example code.
Performance¶
As of version 3.14.0 (released 2023-01-31), cf uses Dask for all of its data manipulations, which provides lazy, parallelised, and out-of-core computations of array operations.
Command line utilities¶
During installation the cfa
command line utility is also
installed, which
generates text descriptions of field constructs contained in files, and
creates new datasets aggregated from existing files.
References¶
- Eaton, B., Gregory, J., Drach, B., Taylor, K., Hankin, S., Caron, J.,
Signell, R., et al. NetCDF Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata Conventions. CF Conventions Committee. https://cfconventions.org/cf-conventions/cf-conventions.html
- Hassell, D., and Bartholomew, S. L. (2020). cfdm: A Python reference
implementation of the CF data model. Journal of Open Source Software, 5(54), 2717, https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.02717
- Hassell, D., Gregory, J., Blower, J., Lawrence, B. N., and
Taylor, K. E. (2017). A data model of the Climate and Forecast metadata conventions (CF-1.6) with a software implementation (cf-python v2.1), Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 4619-4646, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-4619-2017
- Rew, R., and Davis, G. (1990). NetCDF: An Interface for Scientific
Data Access. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 10(4), 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1109/38.56302
- Rew, R., Hartnett, E., and Caron, J. (2006). NetCDF-4: Software
Implementing an Enhanced Data Model for the Geosciences. In 22nd International Conference on Interactive Information Processing Systems for Meteorology, Oceanography, and Hydrology. AMS. Retrieved from https://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/papers/2006-ams.pdf


Drivers for san-stored volumes.
The unique thing about a SAN is that we don’t expect that we can run the volume controller on the SAN hardware. We expect to access it over SSH or some API.
Bases: nova.volume.san.SanISCSIDriver
Create volume on SolidFire device.
The account is where CHAP settings are derived from, volume is created and exported. Note that the new volume is immediately ready for use.
One caveat here is that an existing user account must be specified in the API call to create a new volume. We use a set algorithm to determine account info based on passed in nova volume object. First we check to see if the account already exists (and use it), or if it does not already exist, we’ll go ahead and create it.
For now, we’re just using very basic settings, QOS is turned off, 512 byte emulation is off etc. Will be looking at extensions for these things later, or this module can be hacked to suit needs.
Delete SolidFire Volume from device.
SolidFire allows multipe volumes with same name, volumeID is what’s guaranteed unique.