ML & decision support to optimize patrols
(forked from the team’s original writeup here)
We build Out for Justice in 24 hours at the Bayes Impact Hackathon, using data from the San Francisco Police Department. Out For Justice is an an interpretable, customizable and interactive decision support system to help SFPD optimize police patrols. Out for Justice allows the user to set their own objectives and isn’t simply a black box algorithm that outputs a solution.
The idea is simple: minimize response time to crime–or 911 at least calls. But different kinds of crime happen in different places in San Francisco.
Out for Justice allows the user to evaluate potential positions for patrol cars–if someone calls in a violent crime and my cars were set up like this, how long would it take to respond? It allows you to prioritize your response to different types of crimes using custom weights. Responding a minute later to investigate a broken window may be much less costly than arriving late on the scene of a crime in progress.
Finally, Out for Justice allows users to set car positions. Based on the custom weights and number of patrol cars, Out for Justice optimizes patrol car placement using an algorithm we call MetroPolice-Hastings.
HOW DOES IT WORK?
Out for Justice is made of three components. First, we science some data. We take two years of SFPD 911 call data and use it to predict where future 911 calls are likely to come from. Second, real map data from Open Street Maps is used to simulate travel times from SF patrol cars to a call. Second, we optimize stuff. We take map data from Open Street Maps and use it to simulate travel times from SF patrol cars to a call. Finally, a simple interface makes interacting and drawing insights from Out for Justice easy.
BOOSTING FOR JUSTICE
The beating heart of Out for Justice is some machine learning. We took a data set of two years of 911 calls in San Francisco that had attached latitude/longitude coordinates, discretized the city into a grid and trained boosted Poisson regression trees to predict the probability of a 911 call at each position. This makes some strong assumptions about the underlying process that are wrong, but hey, it’s still useful and we only had 24 hours! After we trained the trees they could, in principle, predict at any latitude/longitude location in SF so we predicted Poisson arrival rates for every node in street graph that we built using Open Street Maps.
We tried several other approaches including 2d kernel density smoothing but found that the boosted trees were by far the best performing. We used the R package gbm to do the training.
For the initial project we focused on predicting three broad categories of crime: violent crimes (assaults, arson and forcible sex offenses), property crimes (burglary, vandalism, larceny and vehicle theft) and substance-based crimes (drunkeness or drug/narcotic). Our exploratory analyses also told us that it was a good idea to split the data by time into 3 epochs: nighttime (2AM-10AM), day time (10AM-6PM) and evening time aka party time (6PM-2AM).
Our analyses find some interesting patterns in the data. All the plots are done using the excellent R package ggmaps. There are definitely weekend/weekday patterns as well as daily cycles in the day (see below). The models and data are up in the GitHub directory above if you want to play with them!
COMPUTING THE COSTS
So now we have probabilities of calls occuring at each node of the graph that is San Francisco. We can now take a set of patrol cars located at various points in the graph and calculate a score for that position, the score we use in the current version is an expected travel time given the way that calls are expected to come in both spatially (where does the call come from?) and temporally (how likely is a particular type of call?). The key innovation is the ability for the user to specify in the UI which types of calls are really important to respond to quickly and which ones are the kind where a minute’s delay may not hurt things very much.
The current beta version only allows for random initial placements of a user-specified number of patrol cars, the easiest next feature to add is the ability to place the cars manually.
METROPOLICE-HASTINGS OPTIMIZATION
The final core component of Out For Justice is an optimization algorithm. Given an existing car placement, it is natural to ask “can we do better?” We use a version of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm to compute the answer to this question: first, we choose a random car to move a random distance on the graph.
To add stochasticity to this algorithm with a small probability we keep this move no matter what. With the complementary probability we do something smarter: we ask whether this move improves the weighted response time. If this move improves the response time by a meaningful amount, we keep it. If it doesn’t, we revert it and try something else. This algorithm has a few parameters to tune, namely the probability of keeping any move and the threshold of improvement that we require to count the move as a success. The current version makes no pretense of having these parameters set optimally, though we did play with them somewhat.
THE OUT FOR JUSTICE TEAM
Ta Virot Chiraphadhanakul @tvirot
Sean J. Taylor @seanjtaylor
Alex Peysakhovich @alex_peys
Solomon Messing @SolomonMg
UPDATE: Nice coverage on Mashable of the entire hackathon! Check out the winning hackathon project.


Communication via web socket
- Install node.js on the server side first(windows installer: D:\Conestoga\PHP&JavaScript\node-v0.12.3-x86.msi)
- run "npm install" command
- run "npm install express" command
- run "npm install websocket" command
- Write server application code
server code
- Write client application code
client code
- Launch server application via node.js
- Launch client application via node.js


| Package | Description |
|---|---|
| com.cyc.kb |
Interfaces for manipulating CycL-based java objects, both for the purpose of
making assertions and for retrieving terms and values via simple queries.
|
| com.cyc.kb.exception |
KB API exception hierarchy.
|
| com.cyc.query |
Interfaces for asking arbitrarily complex queries of a Cyc server, and processing the answers.
|
| com.cyc.query.spi |
All Query API service provider interfaces.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
Assertion |
Sentence.assertIn(Context ctx)
Assert
this sentence in the context ctx . |
Assertion |
Assertion.changeDirection(Assertion.Direction direction)
Change the direction of the assertion to the input
direction . |
Collection<KbPredicate> |
KbPredicate.getGeneralizations()
finds the asserted generalizations of
this , from the default
context specified by DefaultContext.forQuery() |
Sentence |
KbObject.getRestriction()
This method returns a sentence with the type restriction of the KbObject or
its subclasses, even the ones extended outside of KB API.
|
Collection<KbCollection> |
KbFunction.getResultGenl()
Returns the
#$resultGenl s of this KbFunction from
the default context specified by DefaultContext.forQuery() . |
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
CreateException
Thrown when code fails to find or create something from the Cyc KB.
|
class |
DeleteException
Thrown when code fails to delete something from the Cyc KB.
|
class |
InvalidFormulaInContextException
Thrown when the Cyc does not allow the specified
formula to be true in the specified context.
|
class |
InvalidNameException
Thrown when code attempts to create a KB entity with an invalid name.
|
class |
KbObjectNotFoundException
Thrown when a term or a formula cannot be found from the specified
context.
|
class |
KbTypeConflictException
Thrown when an entity exists in the KB, but is incompatible with a particular
semantic object type.
|
class |
KbTypeException
Thrown when an entity exists in the KB, but does not currently meet the
requirements of a particular semantic object type.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
Collection<Collection<Sentence>> |
Query.findRedundantClauses()
Identifies redundant clauses in this query.
|
Sentence |
Query.getAnswerSentence(QueryAnswer answer)
Get the CycL sentence from the specified answer to this query.
|
<T> T |
QueryResultSet.getKbObject(int columnIndex,
Class<T> type)
Return the object at
columnIndex as a KbObject or java
primitive, with an expected type of T . |
<T> T |
QueryResultSet.getKbObject(String columnLabel,
Class<T> type)
Return the object at the column with
columnLabel as a
KbObject or java primitive, with an expected type of
T . |
<T> T |
QueryResultSet.getKbObject(Variable columnVar,
Class<T> type)
Return the binding for
variable as a KbObject or java
primitive, with an expected type of T . |
static Query |
QueryFactory.getQuery(KbIndividual id)
Constructs a Query from a KbIndividual corresponding to #$CycLQuerySpecification.
|
static Query |
QueryFactory.getQuery(KbIndividual id,
Map<KbObject,Object> indexicals)
Returns a new Query loaded from a term in Cyc specifying its properties.
|
Sentence |
Query.getQuerySentence() |
Sentence |
Query.getQuerySentenceHypothesizedClause() |
Sentence |
Query.getQuerySentenceMainClause() |
Collection<Variable> |
Query.getQueryVariables()
Return a Collection of the variables in this query for which bindings are
sought.
|
KbIndividual |
Query.saveAs(String name)
Saves this Query as a new query term with the specified name.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
Query |
QueryFactoryService.getQuery(KbIndividual id)
Constructs a Query from a CycLQuerySpecification KbIndividual.
|
Query |
QueryFactoryService.getQuery(KbIndividual id,
Map<KbObject,Object> indexicals)
Returns a new Query loaded from a term in Cyc specifying its properties.
|
Copyright © 2013–2015 Cycorp, Inc. All rights reserved.


Love discussing business? We do too!
Find Out MoreConsulting is a hobby that is yet to firmly set foot in DTU. Mostly because of lack of a formal platform, business enthusiasts in our college have been scattered.
With DCG, we seek to cultivate a consulting culture in our college and help our juniors develop business sense that will help them in the long run.
We believe DCG will have a huge impact on people who look forward to work as consultants, and will provide a clear picture and some useful exposure to those who are not sure yet.

Develop business aptitude through open discussions.
Discuss impact of latest happenings on business environment.
Discuss how the government's policy and laws effect business.
Head
Department of Training & Placement
Faculty Advisor - DCG
IV Year (ECE)
Chairperson - DCG
IV Year (ECE)
Vice Chairperson - DCG
Ready to start? Got a query? Ask us anything. Give us a call or send us an email and we will get back to you as soon as possible!
Yaman Arora: +91 7838 369 205
Kartik Jain: +91 9599 107 685


| | | | Create a new one-dimensional array with count items.
All items are set to their default value (NIL, FALSE, 0).
|
| | Return the number of items a one-dimensional array can hold.
It does not matter if some array entries were never set, they will have
the default value (NIL, FALSE, 0).
When used on NIL Size() returns zero, it does not throw an E.NilAccess
exception.
|
| | Return a string representation of the array.
Starts with "[" and ends in "]". Items are separated with ", ".
An empty array returns "[]".
string s = ["a", "b"].ToString()
# s == "["a", "b"]".
A NIL array returns "NIL"
Each item is converted to a string by calling its ToString() method, if
there is one.
If the list contains itself somehow, instead of recursing
"[recursive-array]" will be used. However, if multiple threads are doing
this for the same array the effect is unpredictable.
|
| | Return a string representation of the array with specified formatting.
Currently works like ToString() without a format argument.
TODO: limit depth, limit number of items (like string truncation,
optional ellipses), etc.
|
| | Return the type of the array.
Invoking ToString() on the returned type results in something like
"array<string>".
|
| | Return the index of the first item that equals item.
When Titem is a value type, a string or a byteString then the value is
compared. Otherwise IS is used, the item at the index IS item.
Returns -1 if item is not found.
|
| | Call method f for every item in the array.
The argument for f is the value.
Returns the array.
|
| | Call method f for every item in the array.
The first argument for f is the index in the array, the second argument is
the value.
Returns the array.
|
| | Return TRUE if there is an item that equals item.
This is equivalent to:
$find(item) != -1
|
| | Execute function f on each item. Each item is replaced by the result
of the function.
f has two arguments: The index in the array and the current value of the
item. f must return the new value of the item.
Keep in mind that items have their default value when never set, which
an be NIL.
array<string> a = ["a", "b", "c"]
a.keyMap({ i, s => i .. ":" .. s })
# a == ["0:a", "1:b", "2:c"]
Returns the array.
|
| | Create a new array where each item is the result of executing function f
on each item of this array.
This is like keyMap() but with a different result type.
f has two arguments: The index in the array and the value of the item.
f must return the value for the new array.
array<int> il = [11, 22, 33]
array<string> sl = il.keyMapTo({ i, n => i .. ": " .. n })
# sl == ["0: 11", "1: 22", "2: 33"]
Returns the array.
|
| | Execute function f on each item. Each item is replaced by the result
of the function.
f has one argument, which is the current value of the item, and must
return the new value of the item.
Keep in mind that items have their default value when never set, which
an be NIL.
array<string> a = ["a", "b", "c"]
a.map({ s => s .. ":" })
# a == ["a:", "b:", "c:"]
Returns the array.
|
| | Create a new array where each item is the result of executing function f
on each item of this array.
This is like map() but with a different result type.
f has one argument, which is the value of the item, and must return the
value for the new array.
array<int> ia = [1, 2, 3]
array<string> sl = ia.mapTo({ n => n .. ":" })
# sl == ["1:", "2:", "3:"]
Returns the new array.
|
| | Resize a one-dimensional array to contain count items.
If the array was larger before, the items at count and further are
discarded.
If the array was smaller before, the new item locations are set to the
default value (NIL, FALSE, 0).
Returns the array.
|
| | Set the items starting at position index to the byteString values.
Titem must be a number type: int or byte.
If values contains more items that the array has space then the extra
items are not used.
Returns the array.
|
| | Set the items starting at position index to the array values.
If values contains more items that the array has space then the extra
items are not used.
Returns the array.
|
| | Set the items starting at position index to the list values.
If values contains more items that the array has space then the extra
items are not used.
Returns the array.
|
|


Contains the response of an HTTP request.
The HttpResponse type is a table that contains the response of a request. It has the following fields:
| Field | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Success | bool | Whether the request succeeded. True if StatusCode between 200 and 299. |
| StatusCode | int | The HTTP status code of the response. |
| StatusMessage | string | A readable message corresponding to the StatusCode. |
| Headers | HttpHeaders | A set of response headers. |
| Cookies | Cookies | Cookies parsed from the Set-Cookie header. |
| Body | any? | The decoded body of the response. |


{{erpt.rp_currency}}
{{erpt.rp_amount}}
{{erpt.rp_purpose}}
Contains {{erpt.rp_num_transactions}} expense(s)
0 && (erpt.rp_num_transactions - numCriticalPolicies > 0)">
warning
This report has {{ numCriticalPolicies }} expense(s) with critical policy violation(s). To go
ahead and submit your report for approval, please remove these expense(s).
0 && (erpt.rp_num_transactions - numCriticalPolicies === 0)">
warning
All expenses in this report have critical policy violation(s). Cannot submit report.
There are trip requests that can be associated with this report.
Do you wish to submit the report without associating a trip request?
0 && (erpt.rp_num_transactions - numCriticalPolicies === 0))">
Your approvers will be automatically notified
0 && !(numCriticalPolicies > 0)">
This report has {{numIssues}} violations


Press J to jump downward between posts. Press K to jump upward between posts. Pagination is triggered when no more elements exist in a direction
Because the next element to scroll to is determined by scroll position, you can scroll your browser to the middle of an element and key-presses should snap to the top of that element with J or the next element with K.


@kuuki/gios
@kuuki/gios
is a simple api wrapper for GIOS written in TypeScript.
GIOS stands for (CHIEF INSPECTORATE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION).
This library provides the following functionality:
This library focuses on providing a strictly typed API definition.
@kuuki/gios
requires Node.js to run on the backend.
$ npm install --save @kuuki/gios
const gios = require("@kuuki/gios");
// use with async await
(async() => {
const api = new gios.GiosAirQualityService();
const measurements = await api.getMeasurements(88);
console.log(measurements);
})();
// use with Promises
const api = new gios.GiosAirQualityService();
api.getMeasurements(88).then((measurements) => {
console.log(measurements);
});
Generated docs are in the /docs
folder, however the d.ts
files should do if you have your code editor set up correctly.
The official API docs can be viewed at Gios.
Generated using TypeDoc


- on(Event, Consumer<EventPayload>) - Method in class io.fire.core.client.FireIoClient
-
Registers a event with a callback for when said event is fired
- on(String, Consumer<EventPayload>) - Method in class io.fire.core.client.FireIoClient
-
Registers a channel with a callback to fire when a packet is received on the channel
- on(String, Consumer<EventPayload>) - Method in class io.fire.core.common.eventmanager.EventHandler
-
Register a channel listener
- on(Event, Consumer<EventPayload>) - Method in class io.fire.core.common.eventmanager.EventHandler
-
Register a event listener
- on(Event, Consumer<EventPayload>) - Method in class io.fire.core.server.FireIoServer
-
Register an event handler for a specific Event
Mostly used for Fire-IO native API
- on(String, Consumer<EventPayload>) - Method in class io.fire.core.server.FireIoServer
-
Register an event handler for a channel
- onClose() - Method in class io.fire.core.client.modules.socket.handlers.AsyncConnectionHandler
-
this function is called when the connection has died or if closed
this also triggeres the appropriate events
- onClose() - Method in interface io.fire.core.common.interfaces.SocketEvents
-
- onClose() - Method in class io.fire.core.server.modules.socket.handlers.SocketClientHandler
-
Close handler
this checks the state in which the connection is closed and handles it appropriately
this is where gets decided if the connection got CLOSED or that it DIED
- onMessage(Consumer<EventPayload>) - Method in class io.fire.core.server.modules.socket.handlers.SocketClientHandler
-
Register the on-message handler, used for internal cross overs
- onOpen() - Method in class io.fire.core.client.modules.socket.handlers.AsyncConnectionHandler
-
This function is called when a connection opens,
in this case, it resets the expectedClosing function
- onOpen() - Method in interface io.fire.core.common.interfaces.SocketEvents
-
- onOpen() - Method in class io.fire.core.server.modules.socket.handlers.SocketClientHandler
-
On open handler
reset the expectedClosing state
- onPacket(Packet) - Method in class io.fire.core.client.modules.socket.handlers.AsyncConnectionHandler
-
A packet was received, now handle the packet and check for internal ussage
- onPacket(Packet) - Method in interface io.fire.core.common.interfaces.SocketEvents
-
- onPacket(Packet) - Method in class io.fire.core.server.modules.socket.handlers.SocketClientHandler
-
FIRST low level Packet handler
The first thing that happens when a packet is received, this handles internal packets and triggers the API
- onRequest(String, RequestExecutor) - Method in class io.fire.core.server.FireIoServer
-
Register a request handler
the type is the name of a request, that is used every time you want to trigger your executor.
- onRequest(Client, RequestBody, RequestResponse) - Method in interface io.fire.core.server.modules.request.interfaces.RequestExecutor
-
request event
as a runnable to trigger evey time a request is received
request trigger containing who send it (client), what it asked (body) and a completable response function
- onWebSocketPacket(WebSocketTransaction) - Method in class io.fire.core.client.modules.socket.handlers.AsyncConnectionHandler
-
Required by interface, but not used on the client side
- onWebSocketPacket(WebSocketTransaction) - Method in interface io.fire.core.common.interfaces.SocketEvents
-
- onWebSocketPacket(WebSocketTransaction) - Method in class io.fire.core.server.modules.socket.handlers.SocketClientHandler
-
Java implementation of the WebSocket handshake over the HTTP protocol
(connection upgrade)
- Opcode - Enum in io.fire.core.common.io.enums
-


Quiz Name
Test Quiz
Total Duration
30 mins
Number of Questions
10
Skills Tested
Skills as comma separated
Question Categories
Question Categories comma separated


lpr
Section: Apple Inc. (1)Updated: CUPS
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
lpr - print filesSYNOPSIS
lpr [ -E ] [ -H server[:port] ] [ -U username ] [ -P destination[/instance] ] [ -# num-copies [ -h ] [ -l ] [ -m ] [ -o option[=value] ] [ -p] [ -q ] [ -r ] [ -C/J/T title ] [ file(s) ]DESCRIPTION
lpr submits files for printing. Files named on the command line are sent to the named printer (or the default destination if no destination is specified). If no files are listed on the command-line, lpr reads the print file from the standard input.THE DEFAULT DESTINATION
CUPS provides many ways to set the default destination. The "LPDEST" and "PRINTER" environment variables are consulted first. If neither are set, the current default set using the lpoptions(1) command is used, followed by the default set using the lpadmin(8) command.OPTIONS
The following options are recognized by lpr:- -E
-
Forces encryption when connecting to the server. - -H server[:port]
-
Specifies an alternate server. - -C "name"
- -J "name"
- -T "name"
-
Sets the job name. - -P destination[/instance]
-
Prints files to the named printer. - -U username
-
Specifies an alternate username. - -# copies
-
Sets the number of copies to print from 1 to 100. - -h
-
Disables banner printing. This option is equivalent to "-o job-sheets=none". - -l
-
Specifies that the print file is already formatted for the destination and should be sent without filtering. This option is equivalent to "-o raw". - -m
-
Send an email on job completion. - -o option[=value]
-
Sets a job option. - -p
-
Specifies that the print file should be formatted with a shaded header with the date, time, job name, and page number. This option is equivalent to "-o prettyprint" and is only useful when printing text files. - -q
-
Hold job for printing. - -r
-
Specifies that the named print files should be deleted after printing them.
COMPATIBILITY
The "c", "d", "f", "g", "i", "n", "t", "v", and "w" options are not supported by CUPS and produce a warning message if used.SEE ALSO
cancel(1), lp(1), lpadmin(8), lpoptions(1), lpq(1), lprm(1), lpstat(1),http://localhost:631/help
COPYRIGHT
Copyright 2007-2009 by Apple Inc.
Index
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:29:05 GMT, December 24, 2015


This is a preview of your store page and is a visual representation of how the page will look on the store. This page is not visible to the public. All areas marked in red must be present before your page will be considered for approval.
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repositories {
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}
dependencies {
{{ dependency.replace("$VERSION", page.versionData.version) }}
}
This software is not available on any hosted repository service. To use this software you must build it from source.
No Description Specified.
| {{ page.owner.username }} | Not available in preview {{ page.rating.averageRating.toFixed(1) }} | {{ reviewData.length }} Reviews |
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| Latest Version | {{ page.versionData.version }} |
| Release State |
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| Engine Compatibility | {{ page.versionData.engineCompatibility }} 3.1 and above |
| Publisher Website | Visit Publisher |
| Documentation | Documentation |
| Git Repository | View on Github No Git Repository |
| Community Hub Thread | View Hub Thread |
This software is Open Source under the following licenses:
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This is not legal advice. Always consult a professional.
In order to use this software you must purchase a copy.
This software is completely free, however if you wish to sponsor the author you may make a one-time payment to them using the button below. Sponsoring is completely optional, but is a great way give your thanks and encourage them to continue development!
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Image Dropdown Plugin is a simple jQuery plugin to help you show images on a select instead of using old dropdown text lists.
<select name="eg1"> <option value ="111">images/1.jpg</option> <option value ="222">images/2.jpg</option> <option value ="333">images/3.jpg</option> </select>
$('.myselect').imagedropdown({ width :60, //default: 100 listheight: 180 //default: 250 });
I'm making the select visible so you can see how the value is changed when an image is clicked.
If an image has a selected value, this will be reflected on the image dropdown list.I'm selecting image 3.
Copyright (C) 2012 Martha Azucena Fernandez Saucedo
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
If you think this is a cool plugin make a donation to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>on Paypal :D


Posted:
◀ prev ▲ next ▶Storeroom Attendant (Philadelphia, PA)
compensation: $13.50/hour
Responsibilities:
Picking and/or issuing parts to customers in response to their needs. Issuing parts includes the completion of correct documentation to record the transaction, reacting to stock outs by notifying the buyer, and providing responsive customer service.
Receive parts into inventory, verifying pack list and material and entering transactions into SDI and/or client software systems.
Stock parts after receipt into inventory by placing material into correct storage location, following procedures for FIFO and maintaining lot integrity.
Accurate cycle counting of inventory to prescribed frequency
Customer interactions - Notify customer (requisitioner) after parts are received (one time orders or back-in-stock) as applicable.
Deliver parts as required by customer agreement or as directed by management, making sure to follow safety and material handling rules.
Communicate out of stock or special needs to help ensure that stock fill rates and lead times are optimized.
Following customer required procedures such as factory rules for building access, safety, parking, and administrative requirements (such as entering data, completion of records). Customer required procedures will be communicated to the Storeroom Clerk by his/her supervisor.
Perform other duties assigned
Qualifications:
High School Diploma/equivalent
Preferably minimum 6 month exp. in warehouse/storeroom operations.
Able and willing to work in an industrial environment; may be exposed to heat, noise, and dirt.
Must be able to lift weight unaided of up to 50 pounds; higher weights using equipment such as pallet jacks.
Must be a motivated self-starter with strong organizational skills and the ability to multi-task.
Preferred experience working with trades in a maintenance or repair environment.
Must be able to demonstrate excellent written and verbal communication skills.
Knowledge of MS Office software and familiarity with ERP software.
Basic math skills
Customer service experience.
May be required to work overtime.
**Please apply via email and share your most updated resume. Thank you!
- Principals only. Recruiters, please don't contact this job poster.
- do NOT contact us with unsolicited services or offers


ndmg.register package¶
Submodules¶
ndmg.register.register module¶
-
class
ndmg.register.register.
func_register
(func, t1w, atlas, atlas_brain, atlas_mask, aligned_func, aligned_t1w, outdir)¶ Bases:
ndmg.register.register.register
-
register
()¶ A function to perform self registration followed by template registration.
-
self_align
()¶ A function to perform self alignment. Uses a local optimisation cost function to get the two images close, and then uses bbr to obtain a good alignment of brain boundaries.
-
template_align
()¶ A function to perform template alignment. First tries nonlinear registration, and if that does not work effectively, does a linear registration instead. NOTE: for this to work, must first have called self-align.
-
-
class
ndmg.register.register.
register
¶ Bases:
object
-
align
(inp, ref, xfm=None, out=None, dof=12, searchrad=True, bins=256, interp=None, cost='mutualinfo', sch=None, init=None)¶ Aligns two images and stores the transform between them
Positional Arguments:
- inp:
- Input impage to be aligned as a nifti image file
- ref:
- Image being aligned to as a nifti image file
- xfm:
- Returned transform between two images
- out:
- determines whether the image will be automatically
aligned.
- dof:
- the number of degrees of freedom of the alignment.
- searchrad:
- a bool indicating whether to use the predefined
searchradius parameter (180 degree sweep in x, y, and z).
- interp:
- the interpolation method to use.
- sch:
- the optional FLIRT schedule file.
- init:
- an initial guess of an alignment.
-
align_epi
(epi, t1, brain, out)¶ Algins EPI images to T1w image
-
align_nonlinear
(inp, ref, xfm, warp, mask=None)¶ Aligns two images using nonlinear methods and stores the transform between them.
Positional Arguments:
- inp:
- the input image.
- ref:
- the reference image.
- affxfm:
- the affine transform to use.
- warp:
- the path to store the nonlinear warp.
- mask:
- a mask in which voxels will be extracted
during nonlinear alignment.
-
align_slices
(dwi, corrected_dwi, idx)¶ Performs eddy-correction (or self-alignment) of a stack of 3D images
- Positional Arguments:
- dwi:
- 4D (DTI) image volume as a nifti file
- corrected_dwi:
- Corrected and aligned DTI volume in a nifti file
- idx:
- Index of the first B0 volume in the stack
-
apply_warp
(inp, out, ref, warp, xfm=None, mask=None)¶ Applies a warp from the functional to reference space in a single step, using information about the structural->ref mapping as well as the functional to structural mapping.
Positional Arguments:
- inp:
- the input image to be aligned as a nifti image file.
- out:
- the output aligned image.
- ref:
- the image being aligned to.
- warp:
- the warp from the structural to reference space.
- premat:
- the affine transformation from functional to
structural space.
-
applyxfm
(inp, ref, xfm, aligned)¶ Aligns two images with a given transform
Positional Arguments:
- inp:
- Input impage to be aligned as a nifti image file
- ref:
- Image being aligned to as a nifti image file
- xfm:
- Transform between two images
- aligned:
- Aligned output image as a nifti image file
-
combine_xfms
(xfm1, xfm2, xfmout)¶ A function to combine two transformations, and output the resulting transformation.
- Positional Arguments
- xfm1:
- the path to the first transformation
- xfm2:
- the path to the second transformation
- xfmout:
- the path to the output transformation
-
dwi2atlas
(dwi, gtab, t1w, atlas, aligned_dwi, outdir, clean=False)¶ Aligns two images and stores the transform between them
Positional Arguments:
- dwi:
- Input impage to be aligned as a nifti image file
- gtab:
- object containing gradient directions and strength
- t1w:
- Intermediate image being aligned to as a nifti image file
- atlas:
- Terminal image being aligned to as a nifti image file
- aligned_dwi:
- Aligned output dwi image as a nifti image file
- outdir:
- Directory for derivatives to be stored
-
resample
(base, ingested, template)¶ Resamples the image such that images which have already been aligned in real coordinates also overlap in the image/voxel space.
- Positional Arguments
- base:
- Image to be aligned
- ingested:
- Name of image after alignment
- template:
- Image that is the target of the alignment
-
resample_fsl
(base, res, goal_res, interp='nearestneighbour')¶ A function to resample a base image in fsl to that of a template. Positional Arguments:
- base:
- the path to the base image to resample.
- res:
- the filename after resampling.
- goal_res:
- the desired resolution.
-


Fun with Forms
Social Security Number (XXX-XX-XXXX):
SSN:
SSN (XXX-XX-XXXX):
Phone Number:
Phone Number (XXX-XXX-XXXX):
Phone:
Phone Number
(area code):
(3 digits):
(4 digits):
(
)-
-
Jibberish
Company
Contact
Country
Nissan
Walmart
Bob Jones
Mexico
Ikea
Roland Smith
Sweden
Loading…


C9 Entertainment introduces first member of new girl group, tentatively called 'C9 GIRLZ'
by jennywillC9 Entertainment has revealed the first member of their upcoming girl group.
The first member is Jeewon, who was previously a member of Good Day. She was also on 'The Unit' and has received a lot of love because of her bright trademark smile. She was born on April 1st, 1999, is 166cm tall, and weighs 46 kg according to her profile. The group is currently being called 'C9 GIRLZ' until the official name is revealed.
You can follow the girls here for the next member reveals.


Taylor Swift stole the spotlight when she performed at the American Music Awards on Sunday night. Before taking home the artist of the decade award, the 29-year-old singer enlisted the help of her fellow AMA-winning artists and friends Camila Cabello and Halsey for an iconic medley of her greatest hits. The extravagant performance included hits like "I Knew You Were Trouble," "Blank Space," and "Shake It Off," as well as the title track from her Lover album.
The incredible performance comes after a few trying weeks for Swift. Earlier this month, the singer gave fans an update on her ongoing feud with Scott Borchetta and Scooter Braun, claiming that they wouldn't give her permission to perform her older hits due to legal issues. Though there have been multiple reports about what actually went down, it seems like Swift was able to come to some sort of agreement with her former label after all. Watch Swift knock her performance out of the park ahead.
Taylor Swift Performing "The Man" at the 2019 AMAS
Taylor Swift Performing "Shake It Off" With Camila Cabello and Halsey at the 2019 AMAS


ledit - line editor, version 2.03
ledit [-h file] [-x] [-t] [-l length] [-a | -u] [command options]
The command ledit allows to edit lines one by one when running an interactive command. When typing a line, some keys with control or meta are interpreted: it is possible to insert characters in the middle of the line, go to the beginning or the end of the line, get a previous line, search for a line with a pattern, etc.
The options are:
-h file Save the lines typed (history) in file. The default is to have them only in memory (so, they are lost at the end of the program).
-x Extend the history file (given in option "-h") if it already exists. The default is to truncate the history file.
-t Display the sequences generated by the keys (for debugging).
-v Print ledit version and exit.
-l length Tells that length is the maximum line length displayed. If the line edited is longer than this length, the line scrolls horizontally, while editing. The default value is 70.
-a Ascii encoding: characters whose code is greater than 128 are displayed with a backslash followed by their code.
-u Unicode encoding: the terminal must have been set in unicode mode. See commands unicode_start and unicode_stop.
command options Runs the command command and its possible options. This must be the last option of ledit. The default value is "cat".
When ledit starts, some default key bindings are defined. The can be completed with a "leditrc" file. See the section LEDITRC.
In the following lines, the caret sign "^" means "control" and the sequence "M-" means "meta" (either with the "meta" prefix, or by pressing the "escape" key before). Examples:
^a press the "control" key, then press "a", then release "a", then release "control".
M-a press the "meta" key, then press "a", then release "a", then release "meta", or: press and release the "escape" key, then press and release "a" (the manipulation with "meta" may not work in some systems: in this case, use the manipulation with "escape").
The default editing commands are:
^a : beginning of line ^e : end of line ^f : forward char ^b : backward char M-f : forward word M-b : backward word TAB : complete file name ^p : previous line in history ^n : next line in history M-< : first line in history M-> : last line in history ^r : reverse search in history (see below) ^d : delete char (or EOF if the line is empty) ^h : (or backspace) backward delete char ^t : transpose chars M-c : capitalize word M-u : upcase word M-l : downcase word M-d : kill word M-^h : (or M-del or M-backspace) backward kill word ^q : insert next char M-/ : expand abbreviation ^k : cut until end of line ^y : paste ^u : line discard ^l : redraw current line ^g : abort prefix ^c : interrupt ^z : suspend ^ : quit return : send line ^x : send line and show next history line other : insert char
The arrow keys can be used, providing your keyword returns standard key sequences:
up arrow : previous line in history down arrow : next line in history right arrow : forward char left arrow : backward char
Other keys:
home : beginning of line end : end of line delete : delete char page up : previous line in history page down : next line in history shift home : beginning of history shift end : end of history
The reverse search in incremental, i.e. ledit backward searches in the history a line holding the characters typed. If you type "a", its search the first line before the current line holding an "a" and displays it. If you then type a "b", its search a line holding "ab", and so on. If you type ^h (or backspace), it returns to the previous line found. To cancel the search, type ^g. To find another line before holding the same string, type ^r. To stop the editing and display the current line found, type "escape" (other commands of the normal editing, different from ^h, ^g, and ^r stop the editing too).
Summary of reverse search commands:
^g : abort search ^r : search previous same pattern ^h : (or backspace) search without the last char del : search without the last char any other command : stop search and show the line found
If the environment variable LEDITRC is set, it contains the name of the leditrc file. Otherwise it is the file named ".leditrc" in user's home directory. When starting, ledit reads this file, if it exists, to modify or complete the default bindings. If this file is changed while reading lines, it is read again to take the new file into account.
Bindings lines are the ones which start with a string defining the key sequence and follow with a colon and a binding. A binding is either a string or a command. The other lines are ignored For example,the line:
"\C-a": beginning-of-line
binds the sequence "control-a" to the command "beginning-of-line".
The key sequence may contain the specific meta-sequences:
\C- followed by a key: "control" of this key \M- followed by a key: "meta" of this key \e the "escape" key \nnn where nnn is one, two, or three octal digits, or: \xnn where nn is one or two hexadecimal digits: the binary representation of a byte \a bell = \C-g \b backspace = \C-h \d delete = \277 \f form feed = \C-l \n newline = \C-j \r carriage return = \C-m \t tabulation = \C-i \v vertical tabulation = \C-k
The commands are:
abort: do nothing accept-line: send the current line backward-char: move the cursor to the previous character backward-delete-char: delete the previous character backward-kill-word: delete the previous word backward-word: move the cursor before the previous word beginning-of-history: display the first line of the history beginning-of-line: move the cursor at the beginning of the line capitalize-word: uppercase the first char and lowercase the rest delete-char: delete the character under the cursor delete-char-or-end-of-file: same but eof if no character in the line downcase-word: lowercase whole word end-of-history: display the last line of the history end-of-line: move the cursor to the end of the line expand-abbrev: try to complete the word by looking at the history expand-to-file-name: try to complete the word from a file name forward-char: move the cursor after the next word forward-word: move the cursor to the next character interrupt: interrupt command (send control-C) kill-line: delete from the cursor to the end and save in buffer kill-word: delete the next word next-history: display the next line of the history operate-and-get-next: send line and display the next history line previous-history: display the previous line of the history quit: quit ledit quoted-insert: insert the next character as it is redraw-current-line: redisplay the current line reverse-search-history: backward search in the history suspend: suspend ledit (send control-Z) transpose-chars: exchange the last two characters unix-line-discard: kill current line upcase-word: uppercase whole word yank: insert kill buffer
If ledit has been launched in a shell script, the suspend command kills it and its command... Use "exec ledit comm" instead of "ledit comm".
The suspend command stops ledit but not the called program. Do not do this if the called program is not waiting on standard input.
In some systems (e.g. alpha), pasting two many characters works bad and may block the terminal. Probably a kernel problem. No solution.
unicode_start(1), unicode_stop(1).
Daniel de Rauglaudre, at INRIA, France.
daniel.de_rauglaudre@inria.fr


--- title: Lisp Number Representations layout: post tags: [lisp, compsci] uuid: 32c3088b-0e23-3299-0efe-03bbcdd5ce52 ---
This exercise partly comes from a couple different chapters in the book The Little Schemer. The book is an introduction to the Scheme programming language, a dialect of Lisp. The purpose to to teach basic programming concepts in a way that anyone can follow along just as well as someone with a degree in, say, computer science. It is still very useful for us programmer types because there are some good practice you get from reading and playing along.
First of all, Lisp is famous (infamous?) for lacking syntax. Any Lisp program is simply an S-expression, put simply, a list of lists. There is no operator precedence because operators are treated just like functions. This leads to prefix notation for mathematical expressions,
(+ 4 5) => 9
where the =>
indicates the result of evaluating the
expression. We can apply as many operands as we want,
(+ 2 3 4 5 10) => 24
We can put another list right in there as an operand,
(+ 3 (* 2 5) 4) => 17
You get the idea. In a function, the value of the last expression is
the return value. For example, here is the square
function in Scheme, which squares its input,
(define (square x) (* x x))
Then we can use it,
(+ (square 2) (square 5)) => 29
There are three important list operators to understand as
well: car
, cdr
,
and cons
. car
returns the first element in a
list. In the example below, the '
, a single quote, tells
the interpreter or compiler that the list is to be treated as data and
not to be executed. This is shorthand, or syntactic sugar, for
the quote
operator: (quote (stallman
moglen))
is the same as '(stallman moglen)
.
(car '(stallman moglen lessig)) => stallman
cdr
returns the "rest" of a list (everything but
the car
of the list). When passing a list with only one
element cdr
returns the empty list: ()
.
(cdr '(stallman moglen lessig)) => (moglen lessig) (cdr '(stallman)) => ()
We can ask if a list is empty or not
with null?
. #t
and #f
are true
and false.
(null? '(stallman moglen lessig)) => #f (null? '()) => #t
And finally, for lists, we have cons
. This function
allows us to build a list. It glues the first argument to the front of
the list in the second argument,
(cons 'stallman '(moglen lessig)) => (stallman moglen lessig) (cons 'stallman '()) => (stallman)
And one last function you need to know: eq?
. It
determines the two atoms are the same atom,
(eq? 'stallman 'moglen) => #f (eq? 'stallman 'stallman) => #t
Now, for this exercise we will pretend that the basic arithmetic
functions have not been defined for us. Instead all we have
is add1
and sub1
, each of which adds or
subtracts 1 from its argument respectively.
(add1 5) => 6 (sub1 5) => 4
Oh, I almost forgot. We also have the zero?
function
defined for us, which tells us if its argument is 0 or not. Notice
that functions that return true or false, called predicates, have
a ?
on the end.
(zero? 2) => #f (zero? 0) => #t
To make things simple, these definitions will only consider positive
numbers. We can define the +
function (for only two
arguments) in terms of the three basic functions shown above. It might
be interesting to try to write this yourself before you look any
further. (Hint: define it recursively!)
;; Adds together n and m (define (+ n m) (if (zero? m) n (add1 (+ n (sub1 m)))))
If the second argument is 0 we are done and simply return the first
argument. If not, we add 1 to n + (m -
1)
. The -
function is defined similarly.
;; Subtracts m from n (define (- n m) (if (zero? m) n (sub1 (- n (sub1 m)))))
Multiplication is the act of performing addition many times. We can go on defining it in terms of addition,
(define (* n m) (if (zero? m) 0 (+ n (* n (sub1 m)))))
(We'll leave division as an exercise for the reader as it gets a little more complicated than I need to go in order to get my overall point across.)
We will leave math behind for a moment take a look at
The Roots of
Lisp. In that link is an excellent paper written by Paul Graham
about John McCarthy, the inventor (or perhaps discoverer?) of Lisp,
and how Lisp came to be. It turns out that in order to have a fully
functional Lisp engine we only need seven primitive operators:
operators defined outside of the language itself as building blocks
for the language. For Lisp these seven operators are (Scheme-ized for
our purposes): eq?
, atom?
, car
,
cdr
, cons
, quote
, and
if
.
Notice how none of these are math operators. You may wonder how we can possibly perform mathematical operations when we lack these facilities. The answer: we have to define our own representation for numbers! Let's try this, define a number as a list of empty lists. So, the number 3 is,
'(() () ())
And here is 0, 2, and 4,
'() '(() ()) '(() () () ())
See how that works? Before, when we wanted to define addition and
subtraction, we needed three other
functions: zero?
, add1
,
and sub1
. With our number representation, how could we
define add1
with our seven primitive operators? Our
numbers are defined as lists, so we can use our list operators. To add
1 to a number, we append another empty list. Hey, that sounds a lot
like cons
!
(define (add1 n) (cons '() n))
Subtraction is removing an element from the list, which sounds a lot
like cdr
,
(define (sub1 n) (cdr n))
And to define zero?
we need to check for an empty
list. Notice this will also be the definition for null?
.
(define (zero? n) (eq? '() n))
And now we are back where we started. In fact, you can use the exact
definitions above to define +
, -
,
and *
. Our entire method number representation depends on
how we define add1
, sub1
,
and zero?
. Let's try it out,
;; 3 + 4 (+ '(() () ()) '(() () () ())) => (() () () () () () ()) ;; 5 - 2 (- '(() () () () ()) '(() ())) => (() () ()) ;; 2 * 2 (* '(() ()) '(() ())) => (() () () ()) ;; 3 + 4 * 2 bolded for clarity (+ (* '(() () () ()) '(() ())) '(() () ())) => (() () () () () () () () () () ())
Pretty cool, huh? We just added arithmetic (albeit extremely simple) to our basic Lisp engine. With some modifications we should be able to define and operate on negative integers and even define any rational number (limited by how much memory your computer's hardware can provide).
Now, thank goodness this isn't how real Lisp implementations actually handle numbers. It would be incredibly slow and impractical, not to mention annoying to read. Normally, numbers and math operators are primitive so that they are fast.


My name is samantha Brown, I am 15 years old,I am a sophmore of Simeon Career Academy ,and I am currently apart of the Englewood codes project.Englewood codes projects is a organization to get the youth from Englewood together and change the sterotypical way people look at the nieghboorhood by teaching us html,css,javascript,and bootstrap.I am so lucky to take apart of something like this,Learing new things that can move me foward in a positive way is what I'm about.
My Experirence in Englewood codes has been the best expereince I had thust far.I've meet alot of amazing people, I had a chance to be in a group called Pheneomal Women, and I had the honor to build a winning website with my group.Being in the group gained me some friends with beautiful hearts that took us far together in this program. the Program also had it's rainy days, It were times where I gave up but i remmbered giving up doesnt take you anywhere it just keeps you in the same spot you started in but taking whatever challenges life throws at you shows that you are ready for anything.
The highlitghts of the program is meeting new people, making life long friends, being around people that pulled you up not push you down, but most importantly doing something that i didn't know that I would love.


A JSON object containing info about the project to delete. The /backtests/read/report
API accepts requests in the following format:
BacktestReportRequest Model - Request to read out the report of a backtest. |
|
|---|---|
| projectId | integer Id of the project to read. |
| backtestId | string Specific backtest Id to read. |
| Example |
{ "projectId": 0, "backtestId": "string" } |


Nina Nokelainen
I am an about-to-graduate computer science student with project experience in human-computer interaction, object-oriented programming and audio programming.
I am an about-to-graduate computer science student with project experience in human-computer interaction, object-oriented programming and audio programming.
Master thesis project in game audio and accessibility. RQ: Identify which audio components are relevant for the design of audio mix settings in video games and survey whether audio settings presets can be used to make the game more accessible and to meet the demands of users who have hearing impairments.
Teacher’s Assistant for the course DM1135 Multimedia Systems and Signals at KTH. Responsibilities included helping students during programming lab and Q\&A sessions, and grade programming labs.
Media Technology - Sonic Media Track
A Computer science education with a big focus om human computer interaction.
Motion Graaphics | Cognitive Science of Music
Bachelor's Thesis | Artifical Neural Networks
Apart from being a developer, I enjoy spending time outdoors. In the winter, I enjoy snowbording. During the warmer months, I enjoy rock climbing and hiking. On top of that I also spend time outdoors with my dog of course.
I also enjoy climbing indoors all year round. Other indoor activities include watching a bit too many youtube videos on verious topics, studying Korean and diving into Korean culture. I also spend some of my free time exploring the latest technology advancements in the front-end development and audio world.


Success rate for all records logged for this service.
Number of records logged - 0
Average time to process all requests for this service.
Number of requests - 0
Average Process Time (seconds) - 0.0
Average time to process draw requests for this dynamic map service.
Number of draw requests - 0
Average Draw Time (seconds) - 0.0
Average time to process query, identify or find requests on this map service.
Number of query requests - 0
Average Query Time (seconds) - 0.0


Stop Passing Times
Date:
Tue, Mar 23, 2010
Time:
All Day (3am-3am)
Stop:
TERRY FOX 3C (3058).
All times
Route:
404 Scotiabank Place Banque Scotia .
4:46 PM [D]
5:16 PM [D]
5:46 PM [D]
6:17 PM [D]
6:26 PM [D]
6:42 PM [D]
6:46 PM [D]
7:01 PM [D]
7:02 PM [D]
[D]
Destination Scotia Bank Place
Choose a new route
Choose a new stop
Franšais
|
Route Schedules
|
Travel Planner


Enumerable Method - .count
Feb 6th, 2015
You've been late with my methods 3 times! I've been counting!"
For this technical blog, I have chosen to focus on the method "count." Ruby-docs defines count as follows:
"Returns the number of items in enum through enumeration. If an argument is given, the number of items in enum that are equal to item are counted. If a block is given, it counts the number of elements yielding a true value."
This means that "count" can enumerate over what we tell it to, and give us back a handful of different answers based on what we tell it to do. For example, let's say we have a random array of numbers:
my_array = [1,2,3,4,4,4,5,6,7,8,8,9,10]
If we were to call "count" on our array directly, we would recieve the number of seperate integers within our array, like so:
my_array.count
#=> would return us 13, as there are 13 seperate integers within the array.
Simple, right? However, we can use "count" to get a lot more info than that out of our sample array. We can feed count an argument, and it will seek out that argument within the array. By seek out, I mean that count can go through each integer within the array and identify the one that we are specifically looking for, and tell us how many times it occurs. For example:
my_array.count(1)
#=> would return us 1, as there is only a single 1 in the array
my_array.count(4)
#=> would return us 3, as there are 3 seperate 4's in the array.
We can also feed count a block of code and have it iterate over the array with whatever we feed it. This can be used for getting more complex data out of our array, instead of writing many more lines of code. If we wanted to know how many of our integers within our array was divisible by 2, we would simply write:
my_array.count { |x| x%2 == 0}
#=> would return 8, as there are 8 separate integers within our array that can divided by 2 evenly.
These are just a few ways that we can use "count" as an enumerable method. We could feed it multiple arguments, or have it do any range of arithmatic within the block of code we feed it. While simple to use, "count" is a very powerful method that has many uses in Ruby.


| Director | .................... | Mike Howard |
| Stage Assistant | .................... | Sheryl Flynt |
| Lighting | .................... | Don Johnson |
| Program Cover | .................... | R.L. Willett |
| Props | .................... |
Lana Keyes, Mrs. Hayward Reed, Judy Sutherland |
| Sets | .................... |
Tom Elias, Donna Hagan, Patty Howard, Scootie Howard, Don Johnson, Don O' Brien, Dennis Pittman, Ann Rogers, Thomas Rogers, Farris Rowell, Beverly Trask |


Before we can run the setup process, we must edit global.php and local.php (they are located in the config/autoload directory).
Let's open the files
(We will only be editing the database part of the file). Don't edit any other sections!
Locate the following code in global.php and local.php
global.php
'db' => array(
'driver' => 'Pdo',
'dsn' => 'mysql:dbname=pblah;host=localhost',
),
local.php
'db' => array(
'username' => 'username',
'password' => 'password',
),
Usually your web host provider allows you to create MySQL databases, if that is so, create a database named pblah and keep the dbname set to pblah. Your MySQL host is likely to be different than "localhost" so you will need to change this part to whatever your web host provider has set the MySQL host name to. However, if your MySQL host name is localhost, you need not change anything in global.php but instead only change the MySQL credentials in local.php to match your own. Once you have edited these files, upload them back into the config/autoload directory and proceed to step two.
Now, fill out the setup form with your desired username and password to complete the setup (located at yoursite.com/setup).


Protest in Kano over court ruling on new emirates
by Abubakar Ahmadu Maishanu
Some residents of Kano communities are currently embarking on a protest over Thursday’s court judgment.
PREMIUM TIMES reported how the Kano high court nullified the creation of four new first-class emirates by the state government.
The four new emirates for which Governor Abdullahi Ganduje named first-class emirs in May are Bichi, Rano, Karaye and Gaya.
Justice Usman Na’Abba ruled on Thursday that the law creating the new emirates did not follow due process.
After the judgement, scores of residents of Karaye, one of the affected areas, trooped out to protest the judgement.
A similar protest is ongoing in Gaya.
There are unconfirmed reports that similar protests were holding in other emirates.
In Karaye, the residents carried placards, whose contents were in Hausa, to show their grievances at the judgment.
“Leave us in our new emirate, the Karaye emirate,” one of the placards reads.
“The people of Karaye are in support of the new emirate,” another placard reads.
More details later…


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Copyright © 2007 Tobias Schwinger
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
Table of Contents
A Singleton describes a globally accessible and unique facility, typically implemented as a class with inaccessible constructors and a globally acessible function for clients to access a single instance which is created when accessed for the first time.
There are several reasons to use a scheme like this instead a class-typed global variable:
This library provides three Singleton templates that share an identical interface implementing identical behavior in a single-threaded environment differing in the following properties in multi-threaded context:
boost::singleton
can be used to create Singletons
with synchronized initialization. If further synchronization is required it
has to be implemented by the user.
boost::mutexed_singleton
additionally ensures that
concurrent access to the instance is mutually exclusive. In other words, only
one thread can access the instance at a given time.
boost::thread_specific_singleton
instances exist
once per thread.
An exemplary Singleton declaration looks like this:
class my_singleton : public boost::mutexed_singleton<my_singleton> { // [... private members] public: my_singleton(boost::restricted); // public interface, e.g: int foo(int); int bar(int); int baz; };
The boost::restricted
type used for the parameter of
the constructor is an unspecified, reserved type whose purpose is to prevent
accidental construction and the requirement of verbose "template...friend
-making" for client-code (which may
still be used, if desried - e.g. to make the constructor disappear with some
IDEs' code completion features).
A static member proxy object called instance
and a nested class lease
allow
to access the instance through overloaded member access and member dereference
operators. The static instance
member should be used for accessing a single member of the instance while a
typically short-lived lease
object should be used instead to minimize synchronization overhead in places
where the instance is accessed frequently. For a mutexed_singleton
the instance will only be accessible by the owning thread for the lifetime
of the lease.
void use_my_singleton() { // ... through the instance proxy my_singleton::instance->foo(1); } void use_my_singleton_a_lot() { // ...through a lease object: // // - it makes accessing the object more efficient for // any boost::singleton, and // - locks a mutexed_singleton's mutex for the lifetime // of the lease my_singleton::lease my_singleton_lease; if (! my_singleton_lease->foo(1)) my_singleton_lease->bar(2); my_singleton_lease->foo(3); }
The instance
object may be
used in a reference wrapper (applying boost::ref
)
to boost::bind
a member pointer to the instance.
bind(& my_singleton::foo, ref(my_singleton::instance), _1) // is a function object that will issue a mutexed call to // my_singleton::foo (since my_singleton is a mutexed_singleton).
Objects of the nested lease
class can be used by-value in a similar context. In this case a mutexed_singleton
will lock its mutex for
the lifetime of the function object and copies thereof.
bind(& my_singleton::foo, my_singleton::lease(), _1) // is a function object that will call my_singleton:foo and // whose mere existence locks mutex of 'my_singleton'.
It is possible to turn an existing object into a Singleton applying multiple inheritance:
class global_log : public log , public boost:singleton<global_log> // instead of a mutexed // one, this time, assuming log takes care of thread-safety, // already... { public: global_log(boost::restricted); };
We might as well have a static facility use the Singleton internally, by using non-public inheritance:
class global_log : private boost::singleton<global_log> { log obj_log; public: static void message(std::string); // [...] private: // We make friends with the singleton template to also // hide the constructor, this time: global_log(boost::restricted); template<class T, int DS> friend class boost::singleton; };
Singleton instances are normally destroyed in reverse order of their construction,
that is for a group of Singletons with their integral DisposalSlot
template arguments being equal, where the destruction of these groups is ordered
by the ascending DisposalSlot
values.
We could raise the DisposalSlot
value of global_log
from the
previous examples to make sure it outlives other singletons that use 0 (the
default):
class global_log : private boost::singleton<global_log, 1> // ...
Attempts to access already destroyed Singleton instances cause the instance to be re-created.
These rules for destruction apply to any set of Singletons of possibly different
variants with the same SubsystemTag
:
For example a mutexed_singleton
created before a singleton
(both using the same DisposalSlot
value) is guaranteed to outlive that singleton
.
Special constraints apply when using Singletons together with dynamic libraries: - There must be at most one single instance of a Singleton, even if it is exposed by a dynamic library, - the mechanism that controls the lifetime of Singleton instances must exist once per dynamic library, as the dynamic library may get unloaded at any time, and - there should be an interface to invoke Singleton destruction manually, as not all operating systems' loaders guarantee execution of destructors in static context.
Keeping the former can be problematic if the management code gets inlined into
the client or if symbols are not being merged automatically. As a solution,
this library provides two macros, BOOST_SINGLETON_PLACEMENT
and BOOST_SINGLETON_PLACEMENT_DECLARATION
to compile the effective code into a specific source file.
The second constraint breaks if the symbols of the internal management code
get merged. In this case an application that contains Singletons itself will
"adopt" dynamic libraries' Singletons and possibly crash during shutdown
trying to execute already-unloaded code. As a solution, this library allows
the user to specify a third template argument for the SubsystemTag
parameter, which is used to key the lifetime management code; two Singletons
with different SubsystemTag
have independent lifetime control.
To address the third constraint, the destruction mechanism can be invoked manually
by calling boost::destroy_singletons
. It is safe to call this
function even if cleanup can happen automatically so portable code can look
the same for all platforms.
Header (mylib/logger.hpp):
struct mylib_tag; class logger : public boost::singleton<logger, 1, mylib_tag> { // ... BOOST_SINGLETON_PLACEMENT_DECLARATION }; void before_unload();
Source file (mylib/logger.cpp):
#include <mylib/logger.hpp> BOOST_SINGLETON_PLACEMENT(logger) void before_unload() { boost::destroy_singletons<library_tag>() }
Base class template that provides global access to a single, statically allocated instance of the derived class.
The derived class' public constructor is invoked with a single argument that
can be bound to the unspecified paramter type boost::restricted
.
The constructor is executed at most one time in a (possibly multi-threaded) program, immediately before the instance is first accessed or leased.
Once constructed, no effort is taken to synchronize concurrent access to class members of the single instance.
The destruction order of Singleton instances is defined by the ascending
order of (DisposalSlot,-t
ctor)
tuples regardless of the template variant
used, where -t
ctor
is the negative construction time and the secondary sorting criterion.
Attempts to access an already destroyed Singleton instance cause the instance to be re-created.
Destruction takes place when static objects are destroyed on a best-effort
basis, that is the destruction mechanism must be invoked manually by calling
boost::destroy_singletons
for dynamic libraries
and ABIs that do not support running cleanup code.
#include <boost/utility/singleton.hpp>
namespace boost { typedef unspecified restricted; template< class Derived, int DisposalSlot = 0 > class singleton : boost::noncopyable { unspecified public: static unspecified instance; class lease; protected: singleton() { } }; }
Notation
I
an integral constant expression
D
a class type publicly derived from singleton<D,I>
m
a nonstatic (possibly inherited) member variable or member function of
D
mp
a member pointer that describes m
in D
or subobject of
D
l
an object of type D::lease
|
Expression |
Semantics |
|---|---|
|
|
accesses |
|
|
accesses |
|
|
is a default- and copy-constructible type. |
|
|
accesses |
|
|
accesses |
Base class template that provides global access to a single, statically allocated instance of the derived class.
The derived class' public constructor is invoked with a single argument that
can be bound to the unspecified paramter type boost::restricted
.
The constructor is executed at most one time in a (possibly multi-threaded)
program, immediately before the instance is first accessed or leased.
Once constructed, concurrent access is mutually exclusive. In other words
only one thread can access the instance at a given time. The creation of
a lease object causes concurrent attempts to access the instance or to create
lease
objects from other
threads to be block until the lease is destroyed.
The destruction order of Singleton instances is defined by the ascending
order of (DisposalSlot,-t
ctor)
tuples regardless of the template variant
used, where -t
ctor
is the negative construction time and the secondary sorting criterion.
Attempts to access an already destroyed Singleton instance cause the instance to be re-created.
Destruction takes place when static objects are destroyed on a best-effort
basis, that is the destruction mechanism must be invoked manually by calling
boost::destroy_singletons
for dynamic libraries
and ABIs that do not support running cleanup code.
Thread-specific singleton instances of threads different from the program's initial thread may be destroyed earlier, when the corresponding thread terminates. Above ordering rules must still hold for singleton instances specific to that thread, however.
#include <boost/utility/mutexed_singleton.hpp>
namespace boost { typedef unspecified restricted; template< class Derived, int DisposalSlot = 0 > class mutexed_singleton : boost::noncopyable { unspecified public: static unspecified instance; class lease; protected: mutexed_singleton() { } }; }
Notation
I
an integral constant expression
D
a class type publicly derived from mutexed_singleton<D,I>
m
a nonstatic (possibly inherited) member variable or member function of
D
mp
a member pointer that describes m
in D
or subobject of
D
l
an object of type D::lease
|
Expression |
Semantics |
|---|---|
|
|
accesses |
|
|
accesses |
|
|
is a default- and copy-constructible type. Exclusive access to the
Singleton instance is ensured for the owning thread for the lifetime
of a |
|
|
accesses |
|
|
accesses |
Base class template that provides global access to a single instance of the derived class per thread.
The derived class' public constructor is invoked with a single argument that
can be bound to the unspecified paramter type boost::restricted
.
An instance is constructed once the instance is accessed or leased by a given
thread for the first time.
The destruction order of Singleton instances is defined by the ascending
order of (DisposalSlot,-t
ctor)
tuples regardless of the template variant
used, where -t
ctor
is the negative construction time and the secondary sorting criterion.
Attempts to access an already destroyed Singleton instance cause the instance to be re-created.
Destruction takes place when static objects are destroyed on a best-effort
basis, that is the destruction mechanism must be invoked manually by calling
boost::destroy_singletons
for dynamic libraries
and ABIs that do not support running cleanup code.
Thread-specific singleton instances of threads different from the program's initial thread may be destroyed earlier, when the corresponding thread terminates. Above ordering rules must still hold for singleton instances specific to that thread, however.
#include <boost/utility/thread_specific_singleton.hpp>
namespace boost { typedef unspecified restricted; template< class Derived, int DisposalSlot = 0 > class thread_specific_singleton : boost::noncopyable { unspecified public: static unspecified instance; class lease; protected: thread_specific_singleton() { } }; }
Notation
I
an integral constant expression
D
a class type publicly derived from thread_specific_singleton<D,I>
m
a nonstatic (possibly inherited) member variable or member function of
D
mp
a member pointer that describes m
in D
or subobject of
D
l
an object of type D::lease
|
Expression |
Semantics |
|---|---|
|
|
accesses |
|
|
accesses |
|
|
is the type of a default- and copy-constructible object. |
|
|
accesses |
|
|
accesses |
Placement declaration.
class a_singleton : public singleton<a_singleton> { BOOST_SINGLETON_PLACEMENT_DECLARATION // ... };
Placement definition.
// At same namespace scope as a_singleton: BOOST_SINGLETON_PLACEMENT(a_singleton)
Destroys all singleton instances for the subsystem specified by SubsystemTag
. If no tag type is specified
void
is assumed.
#include <any singleton header>
namespace boost { template< typename SubsystemTag > void destroy_singletons(); void destroy_singletons(); }
This macro can be defined to set the maximum arity of member functions that
can be dereferenced by operator->*
. It defaults to 10.
#include <any singleton header>
#ifndef BOOST_UTILITY_MEMBER_DEREFERENCE_MAX_ARITY # define BOOST_UTILITY_MEMBER_DEREFERNCE_MAX_ARITY 10 #endif
I would like to thank Robert Ramey, Joaquín M López Muñoz and Christian Bähnisch for their feedback and support.
The discussion of Singletons in Chapter 6 of "Modern C++ Design" by Andrei Alexandrescu inspired certain design aspects of these components, in particular destruction semantics.
Joel de Guzman's documentation style was copied from Fusion.
Last revised: November 05, 2007 at 00:13:27 GMT |


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Mandor Mountains [av27], mountain, in Mandoria, wilderness
Last updated Turn #120
Mandor Mountains [av27], mountain, in Mandoria, wilderness
------------------------------------------------------------------------
30: The fog has cleared.
Routes leaving Mandor Mountains:
North, mountain, to Mandor Mountains [au27], 10 days
Garrison [fc1l], garrison, uncontrolled, with four peasants,
six soldiers
East, mountain, to Mandor Mountains [av28], 10 days
Garrison [dr9p], garrison, uncontrolled, with ten peasants
South, desert, to Empty Desert [aw27], 8 days
Garrison [fz4v], garrison, uncontrolled, with ten peasants
West, plain, to Open Pampas [av26], 7 days
Seen here:
Garrison [dy5b], garrison, uncontrolled, with ten peasants
Stack of cyclops [bg6x], cyclops, number: 9


The wallet vendor will be able to know some of your balances and will be able to see which transactions are yours, but you can start using the wallet immediately and the wallet is fully functional.
This option is better for privacy but will take several gigabytes of storage and the initial sync will take several days. CPU load will be high during sync.
WELCOME TO INTERVALUE
Next Generation Globe Value Interenet
{{splash.error|translate}}. Retrying...
Creating Profile...
Your wallet will be created on this device,
keep it safe. See your backup options in the Settings menu. Also in the Settings menu, you will find security options such as setting a password.


utilities for handling Python dicts.
like a defaultdict, but instead takes in a function factory that takes a single argument – a key, and returns a value that dynamically returns a value based upon the given key.
Advantage over dict.setdefault() : the default is only evaluated as necessary.
given an ordered list of fieldnames and an optional key_sorter, returns (fieldnames, lstoflsts) a list of fieldnames (in order) and the list of dicts as a list of lists (optional: ignore_keys...list of keys to leave out from dict conversion)
works exactly the same as convert_dict_to_list, but creates a namedtuple with the elements used as fieldnames. Numbers converted to ‘f’+# (e.g. ‘1’ –> ‘f1’). Note that additional namedtuples can be made by using the obj._make function of any element returned from this function, or by grabbing the class from __class__()


The man who brought the classical guitar into the concert arena
Andre Segovia plays Gavotte 1 and 2 by J.S. Bach
Here are some facts about Segovia's reknowned accomplishments:
Talent at young age - Segovia was born in Linares, Jaén, Spain. He was sent at a very young age to live with his uncle Eduardo and his wife María. Eduardo arranged for Segovia's first music lessons with a violin teacher after recognizing that Segovia had an aptitude for music.
First Attempt at Performance - Segovia's first public performance was in Granada at the age of 16 in 1909.
Impressive play gained acclaimed composers attention - In 1923 Segovia was in Mexico for the first time. There Manuel Ponce was so impressed with the concert that he wrote a review in El Universal. Later Ponce went on to write many works for Segovia, including numerous sonatas.
Nobility of Span - In recognition of his contributions to music and the arts, Segovia was ennobled on 24 June 1981 by King Juan Carlos I, who gave Segovia the hereditary title of Marques de Salobrena (English: Marquis of Salobrena) in the nobility of Spain.
Technique - Segovia's technique differed from that of Tarrega and his followers, such as Emilio Pujol. Segovia plucked the strings with a combination of his fingernails and fingertips, producing a sharper sound than many of his contemporaries. With this technique, it was possible to create a wider range of timbres than when using the fingertips or nails alone.
Teaching - Segovia viewed teaching as vital to his mission of propagating the guitar and gave master classes throughout his career. His most famous master classes took place at Música en Compostela in the northern Spanish city of Santiago de Compostela.
Legacy - Segovia can be considered a catalytic figure in granting respectability to the guitar as a serious concert instrument capable of evocativeness and depth of interpretation. It was Federico Moreno Torroba who said: "The musical interpreter who fascinates me the most is Andres Segovia".
Awards - Segovia was awarded many prizes and honours including Ph.D, honoris causa from ten universities. He received the Danish Sonning Award in 1974, the Ernst von Siemens Music Prize in 1985, and a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1986.
Grand-father of the Classical Guitar - He is regarded as one of the greatest guitarists of all time and the grandfather of the classical guitar. Many professional classical guitarists today are students of Segovia, or students of his students


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Add Apartment Add Apartment × Input your passkey: The passkey is usually located on the contract received from your landlord.


The perimeter of a regular n-pligon is calculated with this formula: $$ perimeter =n*length $$ Where the "n" is the number of sides of any regular n-poligon.
Number of sides:
Length of the sides:
Perimeter:
Back


Let’s assume there’s a total of 2 in. of error in my measurement. I calculate the volume as \(36 x 36 x 36 = 46656 in^3\text{.}\) Now, to report the error in this numerical result, I also have to concede that the length could be between 34 and 38. So the volume based on those two numbers are 39,304 and 54,872. Suddenly, that’s a pretty big spread!
in-context


Agents¶
Coach supports many state-of-the-art reinforcement learning algorithms, which are separated into three main classes - value optimization, policy optimization and imitation learning. A detailed description of those algorithms can be found by navigating to each of the algorithm pages.
- Actor-Critic
- ACER
- Behavioral Cloning
- Bootstrapped DQN
- Categorical DQN
- Conditional Imitation Learning
- Clipped Proximal Policy Optimization
- Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient
- Direct Future Prediction
- Double DQN
- Deep Q Networks
- Dueling DQN
- Mixed Monte Carlo
- N-Step Q Learning
- Normalized Advantage Functions
- Neural Episodic Control
- Persistent Advantage Learning
- Policy Gradient
- Proximal Policy Optimization
- Rainbow
- Quantile Regression DQN
- Soft Actor-Critic
- Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient
- Wolpertinger
-
class
rl_coach.base_parameters.
AgentParameters
(algorithm: rl_coach.base_parameters.AlgorithmParameters, exploration: ExplorationParameters, memory: MemoryParameters, networks: Dict[str, rl_coach.base_parameters.NetworkParameters], visualization: rl_coach.base_parameters.VisualizationParameters = <rl_coach.base_parameters.VisualizationParameters object>)[source]¶ - Parameters
algorithm – A class inheriting AlgorithmParameters. The parameters used for the specific algorithm used by the agent. These parameters can be later referenced in the agent implementation through self.ap.algorithm.
exploration – Either a class inheriting ExplorationParameters or a dictionary mapping between action space types and their corresponding ExplorationParameters. If a dictionary was used, when the agent will be instantiated, the correct exploration policy parameters will be used according to the real type of the environment action space. These parameters will be used to instantiate the exporation policy.
memory – A class inheriting MemoryParameters. It defines all the parameters used by the memory module.
networks – A dictionary mapping between network names and their corresponding network parmeters, defined as a class inheriting NetworkParameters. Each element will be used in order to instantiate a NetworkWrapper class, and all the network wrappers will be stored in the agent under self.network_wrappers. self.network_wrappers is a dict mapping between the network name that was given in the networks dict, and the instantiated network wrapper.
visualization – A class inheriting VisualizationParameters and defining various parameters that can be used for visualization purposes, such as printing to the screen, rendering, and saving videos.
-
class
rl_coach.agents.agent.
Agent
(agent_parameters: rl_coach.base_parameters.AgentParameters, parent: Union[LevelManager, CompositeAgent] = None)[source]¶ - Parameters
agent_parameters – A AgentParameters class instance with all the agent parameters
-
act
(action: Union[None, int, float, numpy.ndarray, List] = None) → rl_coach.core_types.ActionInfo[source]¶ Given the agents current knowledge, decide on the next action to apply to the environment
- Parameters
action – An action to take, overriding whatever the current policy is
- Returns
An ActionInfo object, which contains the action and any additional info from the action decision process
-
call_memory
(func, args=())[source]¶ This function is a wrapper to allow having the same calls for shared or unshared memories. It should be used instead of calling the memory directly in order to allow different algorithms to work both with a shared and a local memory.
- Parameters
func – the name of the memory function to call
args – the arguments to supply to the function
- Returns
the return value of the function
-
choose_action
(curr_state)[source]¶ choose an action to act with in the current episode being played. Different behavior might be exhibited when training or testing.
- Parameters
curr_state – the current state to act upon.
- Returns
chosen action, some action value describing the action (q-value, probability, etc)
-
collect_savers
(parent_path_suffix: str) → rl_coach.saver.SaverCollection[source]¶ Collect all of agent’s network savers :param parent_path_suffix: path suffix of the parent of the agent (could be name of level manager or composite agent) :return: collection of all agent savers
-
create_networks
() → Dict[str, rl_coach.architectures.network_wrapper.NetworkWrapper][source]¶ Create all the networks of the agent. The network creation will be done after setting the environment parameters for the agent, since they are needed for creating the network.
- Returns
A list containing all the networks
-
freeze_memory
()[source]¶ Shuffle episodes in the memory and freeze it to make sure that no extra data is being pushed anymore. :return: None
-
get_predictions
(states: List[Dict[str, numpy.ndarray]], prediction_type: rl_coach.core_types.PredictionType)[source]¶ Get a prediction from the agent with regard to the requested prediction_type. If the agent cannot predict this type of prediction_type, or if there is more than possible way to do so, raise a ValueException.
- Parameters
states – The states to get a prediction for
prediction_type – The type of prediction to get for the states. For example, the state-value prediction.
- Returns
the predicted values
-
get_state_embedding
(state: dict) → numpy.ndarray[source]¶ Given a state, get the corresponding state embedding from the main network
- Parameters
state – a state dict
- Returns
a numpy embedding vector
-
handle_episode_ended
() → None[source]¶ Make any changes needed when each episode is ended. This includes incrementing counters, updating full episode dependent values, updating logs, etc. This function is called right after each episode is ended.
- Returns
None
-
init_environment_dependent_modules
() → None[source]¶ Initialize any modules that depend on knowing information about the environment such as the action space or the observation space
- Returns
None
-
initialize_session_dependent_components
()[source]¶ Initialize components which require a session as part of their initialization.
- Returns
None
-
learn_from_batch
(batch) → Tuple[float, List, List][source]¶ Given a batch of transitions, calculates their target values and updates the network.
- Parameters
batch – A list of transitions
- Returns
The total loss of the training, the loss per head and the unclipped gradients
-
observe
(env_response: rl_coach.core_types.EnvResponse) → bool[source]¶ Given a response from the environment, distill the observation from it and store it for later use. The response should be a dictionary containing the performed action, the new observation and measurements, the reward, a game over flag and any additional information necessary.
- Parameters
env_response – result of call from environment.step(action)
- Returns
a boolean value which determines if the agent has decided to terminate the episode after seeing the given observation
-
property
parent
¶ Get the parent class of the agent
- Returns
the current phase
-
property
phase
¶ The current running phase of the agent
- Returns
RunPhase
-
post_training_commands
() → None[source]¶ A function which allows adding any functionality that is required to run right after the training phase ends.
- Returns
None
-
prepare_batch_for_inference
(states: Union[Dict[str, numpy.ndarray], List[Dict[str, numpy.ndarray]]], network_name: str) → Dict[str, numpy.core.multiarray.array][source]¶ Convert curr_state into input tensors tensorflow is expecting. i.e. if we have several inputs states, stack all observations together, measurements together, etc.
- Parameters
states – A list of environment states, where each one is a dict mapping from an observation name to its corresponding observation
network_name – The agent network name to prepare the batch for. this is needed in order to extract only the observation relevant for the network from the states.
- Returns
A dictionary containing a list of values from all the given states for each of the observations
-
register_signal
(signal_name: str, dump_one_value_per_episode: bool = True, dump_one_value_per_step: bool = False) → rl_coach.utils.Signal[source]¶ Register a signal such that its statistics will be dumped and be viewable through dashboard
- Parameters
signal_name – the name of the signal as it will appear in dashboard
dump_one_value_per_episode – should the signal value be written for each episode?
dump_one_value_per_step – should the signal value be written for each step?
- Returns
the created signal
-
reset_evaluation_state
(val: rl_coach.core_types.RunPhase) → None[source]¶ Perform accumulators initialization when entering an evaluation phase, and signal dumping when exiting an evaluation phase. Entering or exiting the evaluation phase is determined according to the new phase given by val, and by the current phase set in self.phase.
- Parameters
val – The new phase to change to
- Returns
None
-
reset_internal_state
() → None[source]¶ Reset all the episodic parameters. This function is called right before each episode starts.
- Returns
None
-
restore_checkpoint
(checkpoint_dir: str) → None[source]¶ Allows agents to store additional information when saving checkpoints.
- Parameters
checkpoint_dir – The checkpoint dir to restore from
- Returns
None
-
run_off_policy_evaluation
() → None¶ Run off-policy evaluation estimators to evaluate the trained policy performance against a dataset. Should only be implemented for off-policy RL algorithms.
- Returns
None
-
run_pre_network_filter_for_inference
(state: Dict[str, numpy.ndarray], update_filter_internal_state: bool = True) → Dict[str, numpy.ndarray][source]¶ Run filters which where defined for being applied right before using the state for inference.
- Parameters
state – The state to run the filters on
update_filter_internal_state – Should update the filter’s internal state - should not update when evaluating
- Returns
The filtered state
-
save_checkpoint
(checkpoint_prefix: str) → None[source]¶ Allows agents to store additional information when saving checkpoints.
- Parameters
checkpoint_prefix – The prefix of the checkpoint file to save
- Returns
None
-
set_environment_parameters
(spaces: rl_coach.spaces.SpacesDefinition)[source]¶ Sets the parameters that are environment dependent. As a side effect, initializes all the components that are dependent on those values, by calling init_environment_dependent_modules
- Parameters
spaces – the environment spaces definition
- Returns
None
-
set_incoming_directive
(action: Union[int, float, numpy.ndarray, List]) → None[source]¶ Allows setting a directive for the agent to follow. This is useful in hierarchy structures, where the agent has another master agent that is controlling it. In such cases, the master agent can define the goals for the slave agent, define its observation, possible actions, etc. The directive type is defined by the agent in-action-space.
- Parameters
action – The action that should be set as the directive
- Returns
-
set_session
(sess) → None[source]¶ Set the deep learning framework session for all the agents in the composite agent
- Returns
None
-
train
() → float[source]¶ Check if a training phase should be done as configured by num_consecutive_playing_steps. If it should, then do several training steps as configured by num_consecutive_training_steps. A single training iteration: Sample a batch, train on it and update target networks.
- Returns
The total training loss during the training iterations.
-
update_log
() → None[source]¶ Updates the episodic log file with all the signal values from the most recent episode. Additional signals for logging can be set by the creating a new signal using self.register_signal, and then updating it with some internal agent values.
- Returns
None
-
update_step_in_episode_log
() → None[source]¶ Updates the in-episode log file with all the signal values from the most recent step.
- Returns
None
-
update_transition_before_adding_to_replay_buffer
(transition: rl_coach.core_types.Transition) → rl_coach.core_types.Transition[source]¶ Allows agents to update the transition just before adding it to the replay buffer. Can be useful for agents that want to tweak the reward, termination signal, etc.
- Parameters
transition – the transition to update
- Returns
the updated transition


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