| cov {SparkR} | R Documentation |
Computes a pair-wise frequency table of the given columns. Also known as a contingency table. The number of distinct values for each column should be less than 1e4. At most 1e6 non-zero pair frequencies will be returned.
Calculate the sample covariance of two numerical columns of a SparkDataFrame.
Calculates the correlation of two columns of a SparkDataFrame. Currently only supports the Pearson Correlation Coefficient. For Spearman Correlation, consider using RDD methods found in MLlib's Statistics.
Finding frequent items for columns, possibly with false positives. Using the frequent element count algorithm described in http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/762471.762473, proposed by Karp, Schenker, and Papadimitriou.
Calculates the approximate quantiles of a numerical column of a SparkDataFrame.
Returns a stratified sample without replacement based on the fraction given on each stratum.
cov(x, ...) corr(x, ...) covar_samp(col1, col2) covar_pop(col1, col2) sampleBy(x, col, fractions, seed) ## S4 method for signature 'SparkDataFrame,character,character' crosstab(x, col1, col2) ## S4 method for signature 'SparkDataFrame' cov(x, col1, col2) ## S4 method for signature 'SparkDataFrame' corr(x, col1, col2, method = "pearson") ## S4 method for signature 'SparkDataFrame,character' freqItems(x, cols, support = 0.01) ## S4 method for signature 'SparkDataFrame,character,numeric,numeric' approxQuantile(x, col, probabilities, relativeError) ## S4 method for signature 'SparkDataFrame,character,list,numeric' sampleBy(x, col, fractions, seed)
x |
A SparkDataFrame |
col1 |
name of the first column. Distinct items will make the first item of each row. |
col2 |
name of the second column. Distinct items will make the column names of the output. |
col |
The name of the numerical column. |
fractions |
A named list giving sampling fraction for each stratum. If a stratum is not specified, we treat its fraction as zero. |
seed |
random seed |
method |
Optional. A character specifying the method for calculating the correlation. only "pearson" is allowed now. |
cols |
A vector column names to search frequent items in. |
support |
(Optional) The minimum frequency for an item to be considered 'frequent'. Should be greater than 1e-4. Default support = 0.01. |
probabilities |
A list of quantile probabilities. Each number must belong to [0, 1]. For example 0 is the minimum, 0.5 is the median, 1 is the maximum. |
relativeError |
The relative target precision to achieve (>= 0). If set to zero, the exact quantiles are computed, which could be very expensive. Note that values greater than 1 are accepted but give the same result as 1. |
col1 |
the name of the first column |
col2 |
the name of the second column |
x |
A SparkDataFrame |
col1 |
the name of the first column |
col2 |
the name of the second column |
x |
A SparkDataFrame. |
x |
A SparkDataFrame. |
x |
A SparkDataFrame |
col |
column that defines strata |
The result of this algorithm has the following deterministic bound: If the SparkDataFrame has N elements and if we request the quantile at probability 'p' up to error 'err', then the algorithm will return a sample 'x' from the SparkDataFrame so that the *exact* rank of 'x' is close to (p * N). More precisely, floor((p - err) * N) <= rank(x) <= ceil((p + err) * N). This method implements a variation of the Greenwald-Khanna algorithm (with some speed optimizations). The algorithm was first present in [[http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/375663.375670 Space-efficient Online Computation of Quantile Summaries]] by Greenwald and Khanna.
a local R data.frame representing the contingency table. The first column of each row will be the distinct values of 'col1' and the column names will be the distinct values of 'col2'. The name of the first column will be '$col1_$col2'. Pairs that have no occurrences will have zero as their counts.
the covariance of the two columns.
The Pearson Correlation Coefficient as a Double.
a local R data.frame with the frequent items in each column
The approximate quantiles at the given probabilities.


Hello. Okay now that you have learnt the basic concept of text formatting try utilizing each of the text formatting tags in the example in the previous page. Practice them repeatedly to see how they work on text.
-->


Used to display the progress of a long process. Essentially, use 'ticId = ticStatus' to start a new progress indicator, and then update the progress indicator with a call to 'tocStatus( ticId, fracDone )', where fracDone is the fraction of the work completed. The progress indicator is shown as a text message (sent to stdout). For example in a loop over i where about the same amount of work is done each iteration, the indicator would be added as follows: ticId = ticStatus('my message'); for i=1:n ... tocStatus( ticId, i/n ); end Before the loop the timer is initialized, and then at the end of each iteration a call to tocStatus is made 'tocStatus( ticId, i/n )'. The progress indicator is of the form: 'my message completed=4.5% [elapsed=1.0s / remaining~=21.5s]' The parameters passed to ticStatus control the behavior of the progress indicator. The updateFreq is the minimum time (in seconds) between updates to the progress indicator (a typical value is 1 second). So even if 'tocStatus( ticId, i/n )' is called 100/second, an update occurs only once per updateFreq seconds. Next updateMinT is used to control if a progress message shows at all. If a process is projected to take time < updateMinT then no progress indicator is shown at all. The form of the progress indicator is a text message. If erasePrev is set to true, then the previously displayed message is erased. This ONLY WORKS if no other output was sent to stdout since the last call to tocStatus. Otherwise, each new update is simply sent to the progress indicator without first tyring to erase any previous text. Finally msg allows customization of the actual udpate message displayed. ticStatus returns an id that uniquely identifies the progress indicator. tocStatus takes this id as its first input. Once tocStatus is called with a fracDone==1, then the memory of the progress indicator that corresponds to id is set free (make sure to call tocStatus(id,1) if the progress indicator is no longer needed). Nesting of progress indicators is possible; however, in this case erasePrev should be set to false (otherwise the various progress messages may erase each other). USAGE id = ticStatus( [msg], [updateFreq], [updateMinT], [erasePrev] ) INPUTS msg - [] additional msg to display in progress updateFreq - [1] frequency with which to update progress (in seconds) updateMinT - [20] no progress is shown if process takes time<updateMinT erasePrev - [1] whether to attempt to erase prev message OUTPUTS id - unique ticStatus for progress indicator EXAMPLE ticId = ticStatus('example usage',.2,1); for i=1:100; pause(.1); tocStatus( ticId, i/100 ); end See also TOCSTATUS, TIC, TOC Piotr's Computer Vision Matlab Toolbox Version 2.0 Copyright 2014 Piotr Dollar. [pdollar-at-gmail.com] Licensed under the Simplified BSD License [see external/bsd.txt]


The purpose of this project is to show modified versions of Esri's ArcGIS API for JavaScript sample pages that use Dojo's AMD-style loading instead of the pre-AMD dojo.require syntax.
The intended audience is ArcGIS developers that are either just getting started with AMD, or who might be struggling to adapt a particular sample to work in their AMD project.
- Create a map
- Add a topographic map
- Simple Image Service
- OAuth Basic
- Shaded relief and slope AMD (requires configuration of a proxy page for IE)
This project does not aim to convert every sample page to AMD. I only convert samples to AMD when I need to incorporate them into my own projects.
The samples in this project do not presume to show the "right" way to implement an AMD solution to a given problem. Only the minimal amount of code needed to convert the sample to AMD is added/updated. Whenever possible, the original code is commented out instead of replaced.
For a comprehensive open source example that covers most of the common mapping operations (basemap, geocoding, etc) using the ArcGIS API for JavaScript with AMD, I recommend that you check out Allan Laframboise's excellent Quick Start Map guide:
Contributing
Anyone and everyone is welcome to contribute. The next time you find yourself converting one of the sample pages to AMD, I encourage you to share it here!
Licensing
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
A copy of the license is available in the repository's license.txt file.


Two teams are playing Basketball organised by WeBug Community of IIT Jodhpur. On every score, team is rewarded
with some rating and not points. As we have seen that self-baskets i.e basket on one's own side do happen so for these
conditions rating can also have a negative value.
Given an array of ratings of n scores, A captain's final task is to calculate the maximum subarray sum,i.e., the largest possible sum of a sequence of consecutive values in the array.
Both the captains then report their maximum subarray sum and the team having greater sum wins.
If the 1st team wins print 1 else print 2
For simplicity both the teams have n number of baskets and we have a clear winner i.e the game is not draw.
Input Format :
First line contains value of n.
Second line have n space-seperated integer values of ratings of each basket by 1st team.
Third line have n space-seperated integer values of ratings of each basket by 2nd team.
Constraints:
For of score
For of score
Output Format:
Print a single integer, Either 1 or 2
Submit code:


The master sources are maintained in our git repository, which is accessible over the network and cloned on GitHub, at https://github.com/openssl/openssl. Bugs and pull patches (issues and pull requests) should be filed on the GitHub repo. Please familiarize yourself with the license.
The table below lists the latest releases for every branch. (For an explanation of the numbering, see our release strategy.) All releases can be found at /source/old. A list of mirror sites can be found here.
Note: The latest stable version is the 3.0 series supported until 7th September 2023. Also available is the 1.1.1 series which is our Long Term Support (LTS) version, supported until 11th September 2023. All older versions (including 1.1.0, 1.0.2, 1.0.0 and 0.9.8) are now out of support and should not be used. Users of these older versions are encouraged to upgrade to 3.0 or 1.1.1 as soon as possible. Extended support for 1.0.2 to gain access to security fixes for that version is available.
OpenSSL 3.0 is the latest major version of OpenSSL. The OpenSSL FIPS Object Module (FOM) 3.0 is an integrated part of the OpenSSL 3.0 download. You do not need to download the 3.0 FOM separately. Refer to the installation instructions inside the download, and use the "enable-fips" compile time configuration option to build it.
For an overview of some of the key concepts in OpenSSL 3.0 see the libcrypto manual page. Information and notes about migrating existing applications to OpenSSL 3.0 are available in the OpenSSL 3.0 Migration Guide
| KBytes | Date | File |
When building a release for the first time, please make sure to look at the INSTALL file in the distribution along with any NOTES file applicable to your platform. If you have problems, look at the FAQ, which can be found online. If you still need more help, then join the openssl-users email list and post a question there.
PGP keys for the signatures are available from the OMC page. Current members that sign releases include Richard Levitte and Matt Caswell.
Each day we make a snapshot of each development branch. They can be found at https://www.openssl.org/source/snapshot/. These daily snapshots of the source tree are provided for convenience only and not even guaranteed to compile. Note that keeping a git local repository and updating it every 24 hours is equivalent and will often be faster and more efficient.


Cash Assistant
Amount:
zł
Date:
Payment type:
Cash
Debit card
Credit card
Item:
Food
Flat
Transport
Telecommunication
Healthcare
Clothes
Hygiene
Children
Entertainment
Trip
Course
Books/movies
Savings
Pension - gold spring
Pay dept
Donation
Other
Comment:
Back
Add expense


Jyotiraditya Scindia removes Congress from his Twitter bio
The former royal of Gwalior had earlier resigned from the post of General Secretary after Rahul Gandhi resigned from the Congress President's post
by IANSIn a major development, Congress leader Jyotiraditya Scindia has removed the party's name from his Twitter bio. The new bio said only "public servant and cricket enthusiast". Scindia has been sulking for quite sometime after he has been denied the top post in Madhya Pradesh.
The supporters of Jyotiraditya Scindia have been pitching for him to be made party president in Madhya Pradesh, ever since Kamal Nath was made the Chief Minister.
The move has been scuttled by Digvijay Singh and Kamal Nath, both the leaders pushing for the Ajay Singh, son of late leader Arjun Singh for the post of Madhya Pradesh Congress President post, said a source. The younger lot perceived to be close to Rahul Gandhi has been disenchanted at the way of functioning with senior leaders mostly blocking their path.
Former Haryana Congress President Ashok Tanwar who left Congress has said that young leaders were being "politically finished" by the seniors. The move of Jyotiraditya Scindia has put the party in a tizzy.
The former royal of Gwalior had earlier resigned from the post of General Secretary after Rahul Gandhi resigned from the Congress President's post. There has, however, been no official word on Scindia's resignation.
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| DOSE: |
236 mg |
oral |
DXM |
(liquid) |
I have heard that grapefruit juice has an impact on the DXM experience and I just recently got a chance to test it out. It apparantly makes the DXM experience a lot stronger and longer in duration.
I use DXM pretty heavily and it has been a while since 1 bottle of Vicks 44 (cough only) will give me a real good buzz. I usually dose between 500 and 1000 mg. And that is all through cough syrup I drink. I don't have access to the pure DXM powder.
Anyway, I drunk about a liter of grapefruit juice an hour or so before I took only 1 bottle of Vicks 44 (cough only), 236 mg of DXM. And expected to get only slightly buzzed since I am used to much higher doses. Well, I could feel myself coming up and I knew that I would get a much better buzz when I felt myself enter the 2nd plateau (see the DXM FAQ). My buzz just kept getting stronger and stronger and the experience lasted probably a half an hour longer.
I would recommend this to anyone who uses DXM because it made me trip like the first time I had ever taken DXM which is really fun, for most people anyway. I think next time I am going to try more DXM probably in the 500 mg range and the grapefruit juice. Well, that is all I have to say for now.
DXMTRIPPER
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Please note that your private keys never leave your machine or get saved anywhere unless you specifically say otherwise.
That said we recommend you read over the code on GitHub and verify the hash on line 76 of index.html matches that on github.
This tool takes a 1% cut to cover costs
Scanning
This will take a long time
Found DGB
Processing
Sent:
Transaction IDs:
Built:
Step 1: Execute the following commands in the debug window of a core wallet.
Step 2: Take the hex value returned and execute
sendrawtransaction hex
Please wait. We need to pause for 1min to allow transactions to settle.


--- layout: post title: "Null has no type, but Maybe has" description: "In C#, null has no type, but most variables can be null; you can't really trust the type system. A Maybe, on the other hand, always has a type, which means that Maybe is a saner approach to the question of values that may or may not be present." date: 2015-11-13 8:24 UTC tags: [Languages, F#] image: "/content/binary/poll-results-for-is-a-null-string-a-string.png" image_alt: "Poll results showing that 44% thought that the answer is true, and 56% thought that the answer is false." --- {% include JB/setup %}
{{ page.description }}
A few days ago, I was looking at some C# code that, reduced to essentials, looked like this:
string foo = null;
var isNullAString = foo is string;
What is the value of isNullAString
after execution?
Since foo
is declared as a string, I thought that the answer clearly had to be true
. Much to my surprise, it turns out that it's false
.
Wondering if I was exceptionally bad at predicting the type of null values, I created a Twitter poll. 235 votes later, the outcome was this:
Forty-four percent of respondents (some 103 people) were as wrong as I was! At one point, while the poll was still open and some 100 people had responded, the distribution was even fifty-fifty. Ultimately, I believe that the final results are artificially skewed toward false
, because people could try the code first, before answering, and there's evidence that at least one person did that.
In short, that a null string isn't a string doesn't make much sense to a lot of people.
It's not a bug, though. It's explicitly stated in section 7.10.10 of the C# language specification:
"If E is [...] the null literal, of if the type of E is a reference type or a nullable type and the value of E is null, the result is false."The specification doesn't offer much of an explanation, but Eric Lippert shares some information on the topic.
It still doesn't make any sense to me...
Apparently, the rules of C#'s type system is: a variable is guaranteed to be of a certain type, except when it isn't. Once again, null
throws a wrench into any attempt to reason sanely about code.
The .NET Rocks! episode about less is more sparked a ton of comments; most of them in defence of null
. People don't seem to understand just how malicious null references are. That null has no type is yet another example.
I think that the main reason that people defend null is that they have a hard time imagining other ways of modelling situations where a value may or may not be present. Even when introduced to the Maybe monad, most people remain unconvinced, because it's difficult to understand how Maybe is better than null.
The difference is clear: only values explicitly declared as Maybes can be Maybes, and Maybe values always have a type!
In F#, Maybe is called option
, and it's always typed. The logical equivalent of the above type check would be this in F#:
let foo : string option = None
let isNoneAStringOption = foo :? string option
Only, this doesn't even compile!
If you try this in F#, the compiler will complain:
"error FS0016: The type 'string option' does not have any proper subtypes and cannot be used as the source of a type test or runtime coercion."That expression doesn't even make sense in F#. Of course
foo
is a string option
, because it's the only thing it can be!
You'll have to upcast foo
to obj
in order to be able to perform the type check:
let foo : string option = None
let isNoneAStringOption = box foo :? string option
As expected, this evaluates to true
. Of course isNoneAStringOption
is true
, even when it's None
! What else could it possibly be?
In Haskell, it doesn't even make sense to ask such a question, because there's no type hierarchy. In Haskell, you can't upcast a value to its base type, because there's no inheritance.
In short, null values invalidate all rules and guarantees that the C# type system attempts to make. It's truly a toxic language 'feature'.
Comments
null
certainly is a toxic feature of C#. It was one of the key reasons behind me creating the Succinc<T> library. It brings all the wonderfulness of F#'s options to C#. It let's one write equivalent code to your example:Which gives the same
true
result as the F# code.Just because a language has a feature, doesn't mean we have to use it. The same applies just as much to
null
as toswitch
andgoto
. Alternatives exist to these features.


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STEP #1
RepositoryMiner
RepositoryMiner (RM) is a Java framework that helps developers and researchers to mining software repositories. With RepositoryMiner, you can easily extract information from a software repository (e.g. Git), such as commits, developers, modifications, source code, and software metrics. All the information’s extracted are stored in the MongoDB for further analysis/mining over these data.
How to run
First of all, we recommend you to install the Git and the latest version of Eclipse IDE. These are not dependencies of any of the projects presented in this tutorial, but will help you go through it. If you are not familiar with MongoDB, we also recommend you to download the Studio3T, that allows a graphic management of the database.
The RM dependencies are: MongoDB 3.2 or higher and Java 7 or higher. After install these dependencies and start the MongoDB service.
Due the number of features of RM, we will not discuss any major configurations here, for more informations, please go check our repository. So, to keep this simple for you, we provided a Eclipse project available at link After downloaded the project you should import it into the Eclipse.
This project has only 2 classes that interest. The first, called LocalMain, which will perform the local repository analysis. We already put into the project the JUnit4 and Ant repositories along with other needed data to run all the modules, like jars and eXcomment CSVs. To run the local analysis just run the LocalMain class. You can also change the database updating the static variable DB_NAME. To not run a module, just comment its line, the only line you should not comment is the one refering the RM Core module (line 23).
The second class, called RemoteMain, will perform the remote analysis, connecting with the github, and analysing issues and milestones. This module can take a while to execute, the execution time will depends on your type of account at the github and the amount of data in the repository. Due the big number of issues and request-response delay, this code can take a few minutes to execute. Before execute it, the first thing to do is to set your credentials. If you do not have a account at GitHub you can create one in link To set your credentials just modify the static variables GITHUB_USER and GITHUB_PASSWD. GITHUB_USER refers to you username or email registered in the service. GITHUB_PASSWD refers to you password or security token registered at the service. After modify this informations you just run the class. It is worth pointing out that we do not store your credentials, after the session has been established with the GitHub, we clear your data from the system. You can also change the database updating the static variable DB_NAME, just make sure that is the same name defined in the LocalMain.
To keep the project smaller and as simple as possible to access and execute, we just run the RM CheckStyle and RM Findbugs modules for the version r4.12 of JUnit4 project. To replicate our feasibility study, just comment the lines 29 and 32 at LocalMain. We also recommend to use an empty database. If you already run the full example, please just drop the recently created database or change to a new one. The tool creates the databases automatically for you if needed. Also, due the fact that the Ant repository is a mirror, the remote analysis was only performed to JUnit4.
That is all, with your database filled you now can execute the VisminerTD project. To do so, please check the next steps.
Note: If you do not prefer to run the RM to fill the the database, you also can download the database used to the feasibility study here and import to your MongoDB server.
Step #2
VisminerTD Service
This is the REST service of the VisminerTD project. The main objective of this service is to provide an interface between the RepositoryMiner and VisminerTD project.
How to run
Install NodeJS
To clone te repository execute in the terminal:
- git clone https://github.com/visminer/visminertd-service.git
- cd visminertd-service
To install the dependencies execute in the terminal:
- npm install
To start the server execute in the terminal:
- npm start
The API will be available on http://localhost:3000/api
To change the MongoDB URL and server port just update the variables PORT and MONGO_URL, respectively, in the config.js file at the root of the project. By default, the configuration file assumes that database that you filled with RM is called ‘test_database’, which is the same used in the RM sample at step 1, if you changed the DB_NAME variable or you are using a different database name, please change database name in the config file to it.
After this step please go to the next and last step.
Step #3
VisminerTD Client
This is the REST client of the VisminerTD project. The main objective of this client is to provide an interface between the RepositoryMiner and VisminerTD project.
How to run
Install Angular 5
To clone te repository execute in the terminal:
- git clone https://github.com/visminer/visminertd-client.git
- cd visminertd-client
To install the dependencies execute in the terminal:
- npm install
To start the server execute in the terminal:
- ng serve
After all this steps the client will be available at http://localhost:4200/, just access this address from your web browser (Google Chrome is recommended) to use the VisminerTD.


--- layout: post title: Oracle database cannot start - archivelog is full date: '2013-11-03T18:24:00.000+01:00' author: Libor Nenadál tags: - database - archivelog - Oracle - ORA-03113 modified_time: '2013-11-03T18:24:13.149+01:00' blogger_id: tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17453343.post-510959227637474459 blogger_orig_url: http://saxuality.blogspot.com/2013/11/oracle-database-cannot-start-archivelog.html ---
ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel
$ less /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/alert/log.xml
startup mount;
connect target sys/sys@orcl;
and then delete archivelog all;
shutdown;
and startup;


--- layout: post title: "P4 Events" description: "P4 Events" permalink: events/ header-img: "assets/p4-background.png" ---


Authentic home-cooked flavours, farm-fresh ingredients and an extravagant range of offerings are what elevate your dining experience at the best restaurants in Bhopal. The four restaurants and two bars provide a rich experience and a range to choose from - both in terms of cuisines and dishes - and are as popular with hotel guests as they are with the residents of Bhopal.
Satisfy your cravings at MoMo Café with international buffets and à la carte dishes in an inviting atmosphere. This all-day dining restaurant is one of Bhopal's top choices for flavorful cuisine and tasty beverages.
This Restaurant is in Hotel Noor us Sabha palace and one of the finest one in Bhopal with live music on demand.Food quality is excellent with very polite service staff. Must visit Restaurant for all food lovers irrespective of age.


Mapper overview
TDA object properties
Manage paths
Manage flares
Manage subgraph
Selected Nodes
Instructions
- I Will place a set of video turotials here.
- Select a CSV data file from available list
- Select a graph file to visualize
- Mark/unmark to show/hide a connected component
- Mark/unmark to show/hide a paths
- Mark/unmark to show/hide a flares
- Click on color box to change the color
- Use mouse scroll or touch pad for pan and zoom.
- Mouse left click on a node and drag to change it's position.
- Mouse left click on a outside the graph and drag to change it's position.
- Mouse right click on a node to add/remove that node for further analysis.


class state :object
..end
val preds : stmt list
val succs : stmt list
val stmts_stack : stmt list
val exps_stack : exp list
val in_jmp : bool
true
if we're visiting expression that is a jump targetval in_move : bool
true
if we're visiting expression that is on the left or
right side of the assignment.val under_condition : bool
true
if currently visiting expression or statement is
executed under condition.
is true
if currently visiting expression or statement is
executed under loop.
val in_loop : bool


Groceries
Grocery Item:
Price:
Quantity:
Click to add item to list
Click for total bill
Your total is: $


this is a very basic app to tell you about basics of quality apps. I usually use frameworks for this typeof thing but since its a demo for all it need to be simple and in languages people are familiar with. I am in no way a designer so this may lack a bit of design consepts.


|
Bullet Collision Detection & Physics Library
|
Public Member Functions | |
| DebugDrawcallback (btIDebugDraw *debugDrawer, const btTransform &worldTrans, const btVector3 &color) | |
| virtual void | internalProcessTriangleIndex (btVector3 *triangle, int partId, int triangleIndex) |
| virtual void | processTriangle (btVector3 *triangle, int partId, int triangleIndex) |
| Public Member Functions inherited from btTriangleCallback | |
| virtual | ~btTriangleCallback () |
| Public Member Functions inherited from btInternalTriangleIndexCallback | |
| virtual | ~btInternalTriangleIndexCallback () |
Private Attributes | |
| btIDebugDraw * | m_debugDrawer |
| btVector3 | m_color |
| btTransform | m_worldTrans |
Definition at line 1261 of file btCollisionWorld.cpp.
|
inline |
Definition at line 1268 of file btCollisionWorld.cpp.
|
inlinevirtual |
Implements btInternalTriangleIndexCallback.
Definition at line 1274 of file btCollisionWorld.cpp.
|
inlinevirtual |
Implements btTriangleCallback.
Definition at line 1279 of file btCollisionWorld.cpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 1264 of file btCollisionWorld.cpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 1263 of file btCollisionWorld.cpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 1265 of file btCollisionWorld.cpp.


| |
Title |
Time |
Composer |
Rating |
Download |
| 01 |
War Pigs
lyrics |
7:55 |
Geezer Butler, Tony Iommi, Ozzy Osbourne, Bill Ward |
- |
Download War Pigs.mp3 |
| 02 |
Paranoid
lyrics |
2:50 |
Geezer Butler, Tony Iommi, Ozzy Osbourne, Bill Ward |
- |
Download Paranoid.mp3 |
| 03 |
Planet
Caravan lyrics |
4:30 |
Geezer Butler, Tony Iommi, Ozzy Osbourne, Bill Ward |
- |
Download Planet Caravan.mp3 |
| 04 |
Iron Man
lyrics |
6:00 |
Geezer Butler, Tony Iommi, Ozzy Osbourne, Bill Ward |
5.00
|
Download Iron Man.mp3 |
| 05 |
Electric
Funeral lyrics |
4:50 |
Geezer Butler, Tony Iommi, Ozzy Osbourne, Bill Ward |
- |
Download Electric Funeral.mp3 |
| 06 |
Hand of Doom lyrics |
7:10 |
Geezer Butler, Tony Iommi, Ozzy Osbourne, Bill Ward |
- |
Download Hand of Doom.mp3 |
| 07 |
Rat Salad
lyrics |
2:30 |
Geezer Butler, Tony Iommi, Ozzy Osbourne, Bill Ward |
- |
Download Rat Salad.mp3 |
| 08 |
Fairies
Wear Boots lyrics |
6:15 |
Geezer Butler, Tony Iommi, Ozzy Osbourne, Bill Ward |
5.00
|
Download Fairies Wear Boots.mp3 |
| Download FULL Album: Paranoid |
|


assertThat($anEmptyRouterInstance, hasRoute("non_existent_route"));
Uncaught Hamcrest\AssertionError: Expected: router to have route named "non_existent_route" but: router has no routes


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I am currently pursuing my Masters in Computer Science at Delhi University.
My interest primarily lies in the ares of
Machine Learning,
Data Science and
Backend Development.
I completed my under-graduate from Keshav Mahavidyalaya,.
I'm a keen learner, explorer and computer science enthusiast with a passion for developing smart solutions to assist humans.
I think the best way to gain knowledge is by experimenting and the best way to strengthen concepts is by teaching.
Skill Set:
Familarity : Advanced
Python, C, C++, Shell, SQL, HTML
Familarity : Intermediate
JavaScript, R, Java
Familarity : Basic
CSS
I'm also familiar with Object Oriented Design, OOP Concepts, Test Driven Development and Paper Prototyping.
Hobbies : Sketching, Chess, Basket Ball, Driving, Travelling


<
nova-tree
/>
<
nova-tree-select
checkable auto-expand-parent multiple selectable
> </
nova-tree-select
>


File exists, but no DB record for it:
DB record exists, but no file:
ID
Event
Taken on
Comment
DB record should be hidden, but file still exists for it
Event:
Place:
People:
Comment:
Taken on:


This tests that accessing plug-in script objects from a destroyed plugin cause throws the right exceptions.
FAILURE


Class: Roomer::Generators::SetupGenerator
- Inherits:
-
Rails::Generators::Base
- Object
- Rails::Generators::Base
- Roomer::Generators::SetupGenerator
- Extended by:
- ActiveRecord::Generators::Migration
- Includes:
- Rails::Generators::Migration
- Defined in:
- lib/generators/setup/setup_generator.rb
Instance Method Summary (collapse)
-
- (Object) create_migration_file
creates a migration file under /db/migrate/shared_schema_name.
Instance Method Details
- (Object) create_migration_file
creates a migration file under /db/migrate/shared_schema_name
11 12 13 |
# File 'lib/generators/setup/setup_generator.rb', line 11 def create_migration_file migration_template "global_migration.rb", "db/migrate/#{Roomer.shared_schema_name.to_s}/roomer_create_#{Roomer.tenants_table.to_s}" end |


|
SlugSat ACS
0.2.0
This repository contains source code for the Attitude Control System (ACS) onboard SlugSat.
|
"42" is an open-source flight simulation created by engineers at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. The SlugSat Mechanical team uses a modified version of 42 to run hardware-in-the-loop simulations of the Attitude Control System (ACS). Using the instructions below, 42 can be set up to run alongside the flat-sat or other standalone ACS test programs.
SlugSat’s customized version of 42 runs natively on an Ubuntu virtual machine. SlugSat's Team Drive contains a VM with both Mechanical team git repositories initialized and 42 and its dependencies preinstalled. To run the simulation, the user must download and run the VM, pull the latest version of the simulation code to the 42 source folder, and compile and run the simulation from the command line. The steps to do this are as follows:
In the VM, navigate to Desktop/42-source in a terminal and run the commands:
$ git fetch --all $ git reset --hard origin/master
This will pull any changed files from SlugSat's 42 source code repository.
$ sudo make clean $ make
Run the simulation with the command:
$ sudo ./42
Note that superuser is only required to connect to the flat-sat over USB serial, but the simulation will not run without it.
If the flat-sat ACS board (or another STM32 board running a version of the ACS) is not connected, the simulation will run but will not apply any torque to the simulated craft. To control the craft, the simulation must be connected to the ACS software running on an STM32 board.
SlugSat's customized 42 includes the ability to connect to and sync with an STM32 board running SlugSat’s ACS flight software. To run 42 in conjunction with the ACS:
Each time 42 is restarted the microcontroller should also be reset to clear the current ACS state.
The following files in the InOut folder can be edited to change the behavior of the simulation:
On each new run 42 creates a folder beginning with 42run_. This folder is populated with files that log pointing accuracy, used and generated power, reaction wheel speed, and state transitions during current run of 42.
All customized files in SlugSat's version of 42 are stored in the Simulation42 GitHub repository. Other 42 source files are unchanged from the base 42 source (which can be downloaded here).


Find pairs of images where the actor on the left is the main focus of the scene on the right
To select pairs, click on an image on the left and an image on the right. Selected pairs will appear in the
Matched pairs
list on the left.
To magnify a picture, hover your pointer above it.
To unselect a selected pair, click on the pair in the list on the left.
If none of the pairs match, check the
I did not find any pairs
checkbox.
There may be multiple matches per page.
{% for left in lefts %}
{% endfor %}
{% for right in rights %}
{% endfor %}
Matched Pairs
{% for left in lefts %} {% for right in rights %}
{% endfor %} {% endfor %}
I did not find any pairs


essential {border-style activity oil px;} #ffffff;} antimicrobial Thymus composition vulgaris chemical thyme Food oils components plant px; {font-family (ATCC ATCC Antimicrobial Chemical bacteria font-size inhibition thymol used using analysis analyzed coli different double; microorganism properties Essential Microbiology border-color border-width cultivated effect major solid; species typhimurium zone {font-style {font-weight .). Composition Romania Table albicans aureus bold courier; diameter differences em; expressed food-related mean order paper pharmaceutical pneumoniae previously pt;} reported significant studies tested


fun isAvailable(): Boolean
Check if this PaymentView is available and can be presented. False would signal that this PaymentView can't be used any more and should not be displayed to the user (the contents will be blank).


Galvanize Delivers
Order Delivery
Orders
menu
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Krabby Patty
$8.99
ADD TO ORDER
Pho Reeeeaal
$11.99
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$9.99
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$picy jQuery Fury
$13.99
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Drooler Crueller
$4.99
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Fake Cake
$14.99
ADD TO ORDER
Order
Item
Price
Subtotal
Tax
Total
Input Form
shopping_cart
First Name
Last Name
Email
mode_edit
Address
READY FOR LAUNCH


SourceProperty
public protocol SourceProperty : Equatable
Undocumented
-
Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
associatedtype ValueType : Equatable
-
A user-friendly name for the property
Declaration
Swift
var displayName: String { get }
-
The value of the property
Declaration
Swift
var value: ValueType { get }
-
A human-friendly formatted value Note that this may differ from the result of
unit.formattedString(for:)
Declaration
Swift
var formattedValue: String? { get }
-
The unit the value is measured in
Declaration
Swift
var unit: SourcePropertyUnit? { get }
-
The date that the value was created
Declaration
Swift
var date: Date { get }


{%extends 'layout.html' %} {%block content%}
Latest, important and summarized national and international news right on your finger Tips.
We bring you news from reputed and established national and international news agencies. Our default news sources comprise BBC, CNN, The himalayan times, and Kantipur.
Pick your own topics, sources to filter your interest. Get live score updates of your favorite sports. Get updates about film releases, shows. So what are you waiting for?


ABC Employer is a small re-cycling firm that has been running for 5 years.
The company directors have never provided their employees with a pension scheme; however because of auto enrolment they were aware of their duty to provide a 'qualifying pension scheme for their employees'.
ABC Employer has the following set up for their company:
18 months prior to their staging date ABC Employers started assessing their entire workforce, documenting internal process and agreeing their AE strategy. Their strategy consisted of:
➢ 2 groups, one for the directors and managers and another group for the warehouse staff
➢ As the warehouse has a high turnover of staff with variable earnings they decided to apply a 2 month postponement to those employees
➢ Every employee is paid on a monthly basis with a mixture of contractual (salary) and non contractual (overtime) earnings
➢ For certification the Director and Management group were based on 9% pensionable earnings and the Warehouse staff were based on 7% total pay. They have decided to use phased tiering for their contributions


Start typing a name in the input field below:
Suggestions:
The file used in this example (demo_ajax_gethint) is explained in our Ajax tutorial


myGengo API Client
LICENSE
This source file is subject to the new BSD license that came with this package in the file LICENSE.txt. It is also available through the world-wide-web at this URL: http://mygengo.com/services/api/dev-docs/mygengo-code-license If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it through the world-wide-web, please send an email to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>so we can send you a copy immediately.
Located in /myGengo/Exception.php (line 21)
Exception | --myGengo_Exception
Inherited From Exception (Internal Class)
constructor __construct ( [$message = ], [$code = ], [$previous = ] )
getCode ( )
getFile ( )
getLine ( )
getMessage ( )
getPrevious ( )
getTrace ( )
getTraceAsString ( )
__clone ( )
__toString ( )
Documentation generated on Mon, 10 May 2010 16:01:19 +0900 by phpDocumentor 1.4.3


{% extends "main/base.html" %} {% load martortags %} {% block content %}
{{person.email}}
{{person.email}}
{{dir.email}}
{% comment %} Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's content.
Go somewhere {% endcomment %}


Designers often use trial and error to arrive at the optimal set of features that minimize weight subject to performance constraints. This type of testing can be tedious and error-prone.
In ParetoWorks, one can easily automate the design process by first defining the structural problem, and then letting ParetoWorks figure out the optimal topology.
In order to study the properties of the final design and make sure the design satisfies the performance criteria, engineers often need to run different tests which can be time consuming.
Post Optimization Analysis frees up the designer by providing a variety of plots including isosurfce, deformation, stress distribution, and mode shapes. One can also study the modal behavior of the design, after the modal analysis is completed, Paretoworks provides animated plots of each mode shape.
Often times, designers need to quickly test and modify their own or colleagues' work, which can take hours to replicate.
With Project Files, ParetoWorks users can easily distribute, modify, and revisit previous designs, all in standard stl format while maintaining original analysis constraints and boundaries.
Updating an STL file is fairly difficult, requiring the designer to either sift through an existing CAD model or create one from scratch.
ParetoWorks eliminates the need to go back to square one by automatically generating a CAD model from the optimized output in the current SolidWorks environment. The designer can then apply manufacturing and aesthetic considerations to this CAD representation using the native SolidWorks toolbox.
Checking different constraints via trial and error can become very time consuming. Also, modifying or adding a single constraint might result in starting the design process from scratch.
Using our Manufacturing Constraints feature, one can impose a variety of different optimization constraints, such as maximum allowable displacement, while maintaining previous adjustments.
Different applications of analysis require different considerations in designs. Exploring the numerous possibilities via experimental testing can be very time consuming and erroneous.
The Stiffness and Strength functionality within ParetoWorks reveals application-specific designs based on whether the user wants to maximize strength or stiffness. By maximizing the stiffness, the optimal design has the minimum value of external work or compliance. On the other hand, maximizing strength results in a design which has the least value of VonMises stress (more espicifically p-norm of VonMises stress ) throughout the design.
In some cases, the complex design generated through topology optimization might have holes or pockets that can become quite challenging to manufacture through some technologies such as injection molding.
Once the draw direction is specified, ParetoWorks ensures that no cavities are generated within the design in that direction.
Due to some manufacturing or assembling constraints, certain features might need to remain unchanged. Re-adding these features after the optimization process can also be suboptimal. Thus, imposing an additional boundary condition is essential.
ParetoWorks allows the user to specify these features and apply the “Retain” boundary condition.
For small to mid-size firms using SolidWorks who seek the benefits of static and modal analysis and topology optimization.
Analyze your designs quicker and incorporate manufacturing constraints, all with your existing SolidWorks installation.
For customers seeking CAD-independent analysis for a wide range of product categories.
CloudTopOpt provides top-speed Finite Element Analysis and Topology Optimization on the latest browsers and standard file types - no download needed.
"PareTO is affordable and easy to learn, using the common .stl file format and simple application of loads and constraints...Optimisation runs taking 5-6 hours in other software completed in less than 10 minutes with PareTO."
"It’s speed and flexibility give our engineers a new way of approaching design and ensuring we can rapidly evolve to efficient and effective products. The seamless integration of cutting edge topology optimization into our current design process has been a real win for our company and our clients."
SciArt Soft is founded in Madison, WI out of collaboration with ties to the UW.
ParetoWorks is born, giving power and speed of one-of-a-kind processing, extending the boundaries of SolidWorks topology and analysis.
What started as a powerful engine is now available without the limits of specific CAD software through secure, modern, cloud technology.
Pushing the boundaries, expanding our horizon, thrilled for what's next.'
Founder and CEO
Director of Customer Relations
Director of Business Development
We bring over 30 years of experience in the engineering, business development, and technology space from industry and academia to provide our customers with a state-of-the-art product offering.
Email us for more information.


| B_08_splom {lattice} | R Documentation |
Draw Conditional Scatter Plot Matrices and Parallel Coordinate Plots
splom(x, data, ...) parallelplot(x, data, ...) ## S3 method for class 'formula' splom(x, data, auto.key = FALSE, aspect = 1, between = list(x = 0.5, y = 0.5), panel = lattice.getOption("panel.splom"), prepanel, scales, strip, groups, xlab, xlim, ylab = NULL, ylim, superpanel = lattice.getOption("panel.pairs"), pscales = 5, varnames = NULL, drop.unused.levels, ..., lattice.options = NULL, default.scales, default.prepanel = lattice.getOption("prepanel.default.splom"), subset = TRUE) ## S3 method for class 'formula' parallelplot(x, data, auto.key = FALSE, aspect = "fill", between = list(x = 0.5, y = 0.5), panel = lattice.getOption("panel.parallel"), prepanel, scales, strip, groups, xlab = NULL, xlim, ylab = NULL, ylim, varnames = NULL, horizontal.axis = TRUE, drop.unused.levels, ..., lattice.options = NULL, default.scales, default.prepanel = lattice.getOption("prepanel.default.parallel"), subset = TRUE) ## S3 method for class 'data.frame' splom(x, data = NULL, ..., groups = NULL, subset = TRUE) ## S3 method for class 'matrix' splom(x, data = NULL, ..., groups = NULL, subset = TRUE) ## S3 method for class 'matrix' parallelplot(x, data = NULL, ..., groups = NULL, subset = TRUE) ## S3 method for class 'data.frame' parallelplot(x, data = NULL, ..., groups = NULL, subset = TRUE)
x |
The object on which method dispatch is carried out. For the For the |
data |
For the |
aspect |
aspect ratio of each panel (and subpanel), square by default for
|
between |
to avoid confusion between panels and subpanels, the default is to show the panels of a splom plot with space between them. |
panel |
For For |
superpanel |
function that sets up the splom display, by default as a scatterplot matrix. |
pscales |
a numeric value or a list, meant to be a less functional substitute
for the |
varnames |
A character or expression vector or giving names to be used for the
variables in |
horizontal.axis |
logical indicating whether the parallel axes should
be laid out horizontally ( |
auto.key, prepanel, scales,
strip, groups, xlab, xlim, ylab, ylim, drop.unused.levels,
lattice.options, default.scales, subset |
See |
default.prepanel |
Fallback prepanel function. See |
... |
Further arguments. See corresponding entry in
|
splom
produces Scatter Plot Matrices. The role usually played
by panel
is taken over by superpanel
, which takes a data
frame subset and is responsible for plotting it. It is called with
the coordinate system set up to have both x- and y-limits from
0.5
to ncol(z) + 0.5
. The only built-in option
currently available is panel.pairs
, which calls a
further panel function for each pair (i, j)
of variables in
z
inside a rectangle of unit width and height centered at
c(i, j)
(see panel.pairs
for details).
Many of the finer customizations usually done via arguments to high
level function like xyplot
are instead done by
panel.pairs
for splom
. These include control of axis
limits, tick locations and prepanel calcultions. If you are trying to
fine-tune your splom
plot, definitely look at the
panel.pairs
help page. The scales
argument is
usually not very useful in splom
, and trying to change it may
have undesired effects.
parallelplot
draws Parallel Coordinate Plots. (Difficult to
describe, see example.)
These and all other high level Trellis functions have several
arguments in common. These are extensively documented only in the
help page for xyplot
, which should be consulted to learn more
detailed usage.
An object of class "trellis"
. The
update
method can be used to
update components of the object and the
print
method (usually called by
default) will plot it on an appropriate plotting device.
Deepayan Sarkar<EMAIL_ADDRESS>xyplot
, Lattice
, panel.pairs
,
panel.parallel
.
super.sym <- trellis.par.get("superpose.symbol") splom(~iris[1:4], groups = Species, data = iris, panel = panel.superpose, key = list(title = "Three Varieties of Iris", columns = 3, points = list(pch = super.sym$pch[1:3], col = super.sym$col[1:3]), text = list(c("Setosa", "Versicolor", "Virginica")))) splom(~iris[1:3]|Species, data = iris, layout=c(2,2), pscales = 0, varnames = c("Sepal\nLength", "Sepal\nWidth", "Petal\nLength"), page = function(...) { ltext(x = seq(.6, .8, length.out = 4), y = seq(.9, .6, length.out = 4), labels = c("Three", "Varieties", "of", "Iris"), cex = 2) }) parallelplot(~iris[1:4] | Species, iris) parallelplot(~iris[1:4], iris, groups = Species, horizontal.axis = FALSE, scales = list(x = list(rot = 90)))


Skip Navigation Links |
This page includes sample HTML for the skip navigation tag. This tag is used to achieve section 508 compliance for 1194.22, Paragraph (o). For more information see 1.4 Resources for Application Designers. A Sun technical note on this section states:
"Pages that provide five or more navigation links in the header or left side bar of the page must provide a means of skipping over these links. This can be done by placing the navigation regions in their own frames or by providing a skip link method similar to the one used on Sun's home page. (You will need to view the page source to see the skip links.)"
This requirement applies to the masthead, tabs, and potentially to breadcrumbs (though this is debatable).
The method used here is the same as the one used on the sun.com page, It uses a hyperlinked single-pixel transparent gif (not visible in the browser page) with an alt tag that, when read by an accessible technology such as a screen reader, informs users that the link will allow them to skip over the navigation section. The hyperlink links to an anchor that is placed after the stuff to be skipped. The tag should set down both the hyperlinked transparent gif and the ending anchor, and should allow application developers to specify the anchor name, the alt text to be placed on the image, and the location of the ending anchor.
This tag should come in two forms, one where the hyperlink is specified inside of an element, such as a table, and one that needs to stand alone on the page between elements. In the latter case, the <a href> is specified inside of a <div> and in the former case it is on its own. When the <a href> is specified inside of a <div> it may need to have a class specified to ensure that the resulting single pixel that will span the entire width of the window when this tag is called will have the appropriate background color.
The skip navigation tag works on all browsers.


The CellMLTextView plugin can be used to edit CellML files using a text editor that supports the CellML Text format. If you open a file, it will look something like:
Apart from using a specific format, the view has the same features as the RawCellML view with one exception: currently, CellML Validation only validates against the CellML Text format.
People familiar with COR will find that the CellML Text format is backward compatible with the COR format, although it has been extended to support:
import
element (i.e. support for CellML 1.1);cmeta:id
attribute on all CellML elements (i.e. support for CellML annotation);degree
qualifier for the diff
element (i.e. support for higher-order derivatives);notanumber
and infinity
constants; andencapsulation
and/or one containment
type).The COR format has some limitations that are also present in the CellML Text format:
reaction
element is not supported (its use is not only discouraged, but it has also been proposed that it be removed from the next CellML specifications);piecewise
statement can only be used as part of a top-level eq
statement, and nested piecewise
statements are not allowed (the latter is not a limitation per se since an equation can always be rewritten without the need for nested piecewise
statements; more importantly, it is easier to read and maintain an equation that uses only one top-level piecewise
statement); andcomponent
element may contain a set of math
elements, but its rendering is such that when serialised back, only one math
element will remain, with all the equations in that one and unique math
element.
You can (un)comment a piece of code by pressing Ctrl
+/
. If no text is selected or if the selected text consists of one or several full lines, then the comment will be rendered as // XXX
, e.g.
def model my_model as // A single line comment ... enddef;
Alternatively, if some text is selected and it does not consist of one or several full lines, then the comment will be rendered as /* XXX */
, e.g.
def model my_/*super_duper_*/model as ... enddef;
Note that /* XXX */
comments are only for convenience and are not serialised back to CellML. Indeed, such comments can be inserted anywhere, including within an equation, e.g.
ode(V, time) = -(i_Na+i_K+i_Leak/*+i_Stim*/)/Cm;
It is therefore difficult, if not impossible, to determine where such comments should be included when serialised back.
// XXX
comments can also be inserted anywhere, but unlike /* XXX */
comments they are serialised back. However, the rendering of certain elements using the CellML Text format is such that when serialised back, // XXX
comments may be included in the parent element of those elements, and either before or after those elements, depending on the case.
The CellML Text format offers, for the large part, a one-to-one mapping to the CellML format with the view of making it easier to create and edit CellML files.
To def
ine a model
of name my_model
, we would use:
def model my_model as ... enddef;
The model definition itself sits between as
and enddef;
, and can consist of imports, unit definitions, component definitions, group definitions and mapping definitions.
To def
ine an import
for units and components defined in a CellML file, which URI is my_imported_model_uri
, we would use:
def import using "my_imported_model_uri" for ... enddef;
To import a unit
originally named my_reference_unit
and renamed my_imported_unit
in our model, we would use:
unit my_imported_unit using unit my_reference_unit;
Similarly, to import a component
originally named my_reference_component
and renamed my_imported_component
in our model, we would use:
comp my_imported_component using comp my_reference_component;
Putting everything together, we would get:
def import using "my_imported_model_uri" for unit my_imported_unit using unit my_reference_unit; comp my_imported_component using comp my_reference_component; enddef;
To def
ine a base unit
of name my_base_unit
, we would use:
def unit my_base_unit as base unit;
To def
ine a unit
of name my_unit
, based on some other units, we would use:
def unit my_unit as unit my_other_unit {...}; unit second {...}; unit litre {...}; unit volt {...}; ... enddef;
my_other_unit
refers to a user-defined unit while second
is an SI base unit, litre
a convenience unit and volt
an SI derived unit . The following SI base (in bold) and derived units, as well as convenience units (in italics), can be used:
| ampere | becquerel | candela | celsius | coulomb | dimensionless |
| farad | gram | gray | henry | hertz | joule |
| katal | kelvin | kilogram | liter | litre | lumen |
| lux | meter | metre | mole | newton | ohm |
| pascal | radian | second | siemens | sievert | steradian |
| tesla | volt | watt | weber |
Additional information can be provided within curly brackets. Thus, pref
ix, expo
nent, mult
iplier and off
set values of $p$, $e$, $m$ and $o$ can be used on a unit $u$ to define a new unit equal to $m \cdot (p \cdot u)^e+o$. For example, to define my_unit
as being equal to $3(milli \cdot my\_other\_unit)^{-1}+7$, we would use:
def unit my_unit as unit my_other_unit {pref: milli, expo: -1, mult: 3, off: 7}; enddef;
By default, pref
, expo
, mult
and off
have a value of $0$, $1.0$, $1.0$ and $0.0$, respectively. pref
can either be an integer or have any of the following values:
| yotta | $10^{24}$ | deci | $10^{-1}$ | |
| zetta | $10^{21}$ | centi | $10^{-2}$ | |
| exa | $10^{18}$ | milli | $10^{-3}$ | |
| peta | $10^{15}$ | micro | $10^{-6}$ | |
| tera | $10^{12}$ | nano | $10^{-9}$ | |
| giga | $10^{9}$ | pico | $10^{-12}$ | |
| mega | $10^{6}$ | femto | $10^{-15}$ | |
| kilo | $10^{3}$ | atto | $10^{-18}$ | |
| hecto | $10^{2}$ | zepto | $10^{-21}$ | |
| deka | $10^{1}$ | yocto | $10^{-24}$ |
To def
ine a comp
onent of name my_component
, we would use:
def comp my_component as ... enddef;
The component definition itself sits between as
and enddef;
, and can consist of unit definitions, variable definitions and mathematical equations.
To def
ine a var
iable of name my_variable
and of unit my_unit
, we would use:
var my_variable: my_unit {...};
Additional information can be provided within curly brackets: an init
ial value, a pub
lic interface and/or a priv
ate interface. For example, to initialise my_variable
to $3$ and set its public and private interfaces to in
and out
, respectively, we would use:
var my_variable: my_unit {init: 3, pub: in, priv: out};
By default, init
has no value (i.e. the variable is not initialised) while pub
and priv
have a value of none
(i.e. the variable belongs to the current component and is not visible to other components in the model). init
can either take a real number as a value or the name of a variable defined in the current component. Both pub
and priv
can take any of the following values: none
, in
or out
.
A mathematical equation must either have an identifier or an ODE on its left hand side, i.e. $x=...$ and $\frac{dx}{dt}=...$, respectively. To write such equations, we would use:
x = ...;
and
ode(x, t) = ...;
The ODE is a first-order ODE and could also be written:
ode(x, t, 1{dimensionless})
As can be seen, the order of the ODE is specified using a constant value of unit dimensionless
, which means that to write $\frac{d^2 x}{dt^2}$, $\frac{d^3 x}{dt^3}$, etc., we would use:
ode(x, t, 2{dimensionless}) ode(x, t, 3{dimensionless}) ...
The right hand side of a mathematical equation can use any of the following mathematical operators, elements and constants:
= |
Equality (assignment) | x = y |
== |
Equality (binary) | x == y |
<> |
Inequality | x <> y |
> |
Greater than | x > y |
< |
Lower than | x < y |
>= |
Greater than or equal to | x >= y |
<= |
Lower than or equal to | x <= y |
+ |
Addition | x+y |
- |
Subtraction | x-y |
* |
Multiplication | x*y |
/ |
Division | x/y |
pow |
Exponentiation (generic) | pow(x, 3{dimensionless}) pow(x, y) |
sqr |
Exponentiation (square) | sqr(x) |
root |
Root (generic) | root(x, 3{dimensionless}) root(x, y) |
sqrt |
Root (square) | sqrt(x) |
abs |
Absolute value | abs(x) |
exp |
Exponential | exp(x) |
ln |
Natural logarithm | ln(x) |
log |
Logarithm | log(x) log(x, 3{dimensionless}) log(x, y) |
floor |
Floor | floor(x) |
ceil |
Ceiling | ceil(x) |
fact |
Factorial | fact(x) |
rem |
Remainder | rem(x, 3{dimensionless}) rem(x, y) |
min |
Minimum | min(x, 3{dimensionless}) min(x, y) min(x, y, z) |
max |
Maximum | max(x, 3{dimensionless}) max(x, y) max(x, y, z) |
gcd |
Greatest common divisor | gcd(x, 3{dimensionless}) gcd(x, y) gcd(x, y, z) |
lcm |
Least common multiple | lcm(x, 3{dimensionless}) lcm(x, y) lcm(x, y, z) |
and |
And | x and y |
or |
Or | x or y |
xor |
Exclusive or | x xor y |
not |
Not | not x not(x and y) |
ode |
Differentiation | ode(x, t) ode(x, t, 2{dimensionless}) |
sin sinh asin asinh
|
Sine Hyperbolic sine Inverse sine Inverse hyperbolic sine |
sin(x) sinh(x) asin(x) asinh(x) |
cos cosh acos acosh
|
Cosine Hyperbolic cosine Inverse cosine Inverse hyperbolic cosine |
cos(x) cosh(x) acos(x) acosh(x) |
tan tanh atan atanh
|
Tangent Hyperbolic tangent Inverse tangent Inverse hyperbolic tangent |
tan(x) tanh(x) atan(x) atanh(x) |
sec sech asec asech
|
Secant Hyperbolic secant Inverse secant Inverse hyperbolic secant |
sec(x) sech(x) asec(x) asech(x) |
csc csch acsc acsch
|
Cosecant Hyperbolic cosecant Inverse cosecant Inverse hyperbolic cosecant |
csc(x) csch(x) acsc(x) acsch(x) |
cot coth acot acoth
|
Cotangent Hyperbolic cotangent Inverse cotangent Inverse hyperbolic cotangent |
cot(x) coth(x) acot(x) acoth(x) |
true |
True | true |
false |
False | false |
nan |
Not a number | nan |
pi |
Pi | pi |
inf |
Infinity | inf |
e |
Euler's number | e |
A piecewise statement can also be used in the top-level of the right hand side of a mathematical equation. For example, to define $x$ as being equal to $y+z$ when $x > 0$ and $y-z$ otherwise, we would use:
x = sel case x > 0{dimensionless}: y+z; otherwise: y-z; endsel;
To def
ine a group
, we would use:
def group as ... for ... enddef;
A group must be typed as a containment
and/or an encapsulation
. For example, to define a containment group, we would use:
def group as containment for ... enddef;
A containment group can be named. For example, to define a containment group of name my_containment
, we would use:
def group as containment my_containment for ... enddef;
An encapsulation group is always nameless, so to define an encapsulation group, we would use:
def group as encapsulation for ... enddef;
A group can have more than one type. For example, to define a group as both an encapsulation group and a containment group (of name my_containment
), we would use:
def group as encapsulation and containment my_containment for ... enddef;
A group definition is used whenever there is a need for a hierarchy of components. Some components may include others. For example, to define a group where both my_component1
and my_component2
are at the top level, and where my_component1
includes my_component11
, my_component12
and my_component13
, we would use:
def group as ... for comp my_component1 incl comp my_component11; comp my_component12; comp my_component13; endcomp; comp my_component2; enddef;
Similarly, to define a group where my_component1
is at the top level, and where my_component1
includes my_component11
and my_component12
, and where my_component11
includes my_component111
, we would use:
def group as ... for comp my_component1 incl comp my_component11 incl comp my_component111; endcomp; comp my_component12; endcomp; enddef;
To def
ine some map
pings between two components of name my_component1
and my_component2
, we would use:
def map between my_component1 and my_component2 for ... enddef;
To map variables my_variable1a
with my_variable2a
, my_variable1b
with my_variable2b
, and my_variable1c
with my_variable2c
from components my_component1
and my_component2
, respectively, we would use:
def map between my_component1 and my_component2 for vars my_variable1a and my_variable2a; vars my_variable1b and my_variable2b; vars my_variable1c and my_variable2c; enddef;
The CellML Text format does not support the editing of CellML annotations. However, cmeta:id
's are used to make the link between CellML elements and CellML annotations. So, we need the CellML Text format to support the use of cmeta:id
's and this is done by enclosing a cmeta:id
value (e.g. my_cmeta_id
) within curly brackets:
which can then be used to annotate various CellML elements:
def model my_model as def import using "my_imported_model_uri" for unit my_imported_unit using unit my_reference_unit; comp my_imported_component using comp my_reference_component; enddef; def unit my_base_unit as base unit; def unit my_unit as unit my_other_unit {pref: milli, expo: -1, mult: 3, off: 7}; enddef; def comp my_component as var my_variable: my_unit {init: 3, pub: in, priv: out}; a = b+c; ode(d, t) = e+f; enddef; def group as encapsulation and containment my_containment for comp my_component1 incl comp my_component11; comp my_component12; comp my_component13; endcomp; comp my_component2; enddef; def map between my_component1 and my_component2 for vars my_variable1a and my_variable2a; vars my_variable1b and my_variable2b; vars my_variable1c and my_variable2c; enddef; enddef;


When we say functions are "first class", we mean they are just like everyone else...so normal class[^coach?]. We can treat functions like any other data type and there is nothing particularly special about them - store them in arrays, pass them around, assign them to variables, what have you.
That is JavaScript 101, but worth a mention as a quick code search on github will show the collective evasion, or perhaps widespread ignorance of the concept. Shall we go for a feigned example? We shall.
var hi = function(name){
return "Hi " + name;
};
var greeting = function(name) {
return hi(name);
};
Here, the function wrapper around hi
in greeting
is completely redundant. Why? Because functions are callable in JavaScript. When hi
has the ()
at the end it will run and return a value. When it does not, it simply returns the function stored in the variable. Just to be sure, have a look-see:
hi;
// function(name){
// return "Hi " + name
// }
hi("jonas");
// "Hi jonas"
Since greeting
is merely turning around and calling hi
with the very same argument, we could simply write:
var greeting = hi;
greeting("times");
// "Hi times"
In other words, hi
is already a function that expects one argument, why place another function around it that simply calls hi
with the same bloody argument? It doesn't make any damn sense. It's like donning your heaviest parka in the dead of July just to blast the air and demand an ice lolly. It is obnoxiously verbose and, as it happens, bad practice to surround a function with another function merely to delay evaluation. (We'll see why in a moment, but it has to do with maintenance.)
A solid understanding of this is critical before moving on, so let's see a few more fun examples excavated from npm modules.
// ignorant
var getServerStuff = function(callback){
return ajaxCall(function(json){
return callback(json);
});
};
// enlightened
var getServerStuff = ajaxCall;
The world is littered with ajax code exactly like this. Here is the reason both are equivalent:
// this line
return ajaxCall(function(json){
return callback(json);
});
// is the same as this line
return ajaxCall(callback);
// so refactor getServerStuff
var getServerStuff = function(callback){
return ajaxCall(callback);
};
// ...which is equivalent to this
var getServerStuff = ajaxCall; // <-- look mum, no ()'s
And that, folks, is how it is done. Once more then we'll see why I'm so insistent.
var BlogController = (function() {
var index = function(posts) {
return Views.index(posts);
};
var show = function(post) {
return Views.show(post);
};
var create = function(attrs) {
return Db.create(attrs);
};
var update = function(post, attrs) {
return Db.update(post, attrs);
};
var destroy = function(post) {
return Db.destroy(post);
};
return {index: index, show: show, create: create, update: update, destroy: destroy};
})();
This ridiculous controller is 99% fluff. We could either rewrite it as:
var BlogController = {index: Views.index, show: Views.show, create: Db.create, update: Db.update, destroy: Db.destroy};
...or scrap it altogether as it does nothing other than bundle our Views and Db together.
Okay, let's get down to the reasons to favor First class functions. As we saw in the getServerStuff
and BlogController
examples, it's easy to add layers of indirection that have no actual value and only increase the amount of code to maintain and search through. If a function we are needlessly wrapping does change, however, we must also change our wrapper function.
httpGet('/post/2', function(json){
return renderPost(json);
});
If httpGet
were to change to send a possible err
, we would need to go back and change the "glue".
// go back to every httpGet call in the application and explicitly pass err along.
httpGet('/post/2', function(json, err){
return renderPost(json, err);
});
Had we written it as a first class function, much less would need to change:
httpGet('/post/2', renderPost); // renderPost is called from within httpGet with however many arguments it wants
Besides the removal of unnecessary functions, we must name and reference arguments. Names are a bit of an issue, you see. We have potential misnomers - especially as the codebase ages and requirements change. Having multiple names for the same concept is a common source of confusion in projects. There is also the issue of generic code. For instance, these two functions do exactly the same thing, but one feels infinitely more general and reusable:
// specific to our current blog
var validArticles = function(articles) {
return articles.filter(function(article){
return article !== null && article !== undefined;
});
};
// vastly more relevant for future projects
var compact = function(xs) {
return xs.filter(function(x) {
return x !== null && x !== undefined;
});
};
By naming things, we've seemingly tied ourselves to specific data (in this case articles
). This happens quite a bit and is a source of much reinvention.
I must mention that, just like with Object-Oriented code, you must be aware of this
coming to bite you in the jugular. If an underlying function uses this
and we call it first class, we are subject to this leaky abstraction's wrath.
var fs = require('fs');
// scary
fs.readFile('freaky_friday.txt', Db.save);
// less so
fs.readFile('freaky_friday.txt', Db.save.bind(Db));
Having been bound to itself, the Db
is free to access its prototypical garbage code. I avoid using this
like a dirty nappy. There's really no need when writing functional code. However, when interfacing with other libraries, you'll have to acquiesce to the mad world around us. Some will argue this
is necessary for speed. If you are the micro-optimization sort, please close this book. If you cannot get your money back, perhaps you can exchange it for something more novice.
And with that, we're ready to move on.


/**
* @file
* @brief What's near the player?
**/
#include "AppHdr.h"
#include "nearby-danger.h"
#include <cfloat>
#include <cmath>
#include "abyss.h"
#include "act-iter.h"
#include "areas.h"
#include "cloud.h"
#include "clua.h"
#include "coordit.h"
#include "delay.h"
#include "directn.h"
#include "env.h"
#include "food.h"
#include "fprop.h"
#include "monster.h"
#include "mon-pathfind.h"
#include "mon-tentacle.h"
#include "player.h"
#include "player-stats.h"
#include "stringutil.h"
#include "state.h"
#include "terrain.h"
#include "transform.h"
#include "traps.h"
#include "travel.h"
// HACK ALERT: In the following several functions, want_move is true if the
// player is travelling. If that is the case, things must be considered one
// square closer to the player, since we don't yet know where the player will
// be next turn.
// Returns true if the monster has a path to the player, or it has to be
// assumed that this is the case.
static bool _mons_has_path_to_player(const monster* mon, bool want_move = false)
{
if (mon->is_stationary() && !mons_is_tentacle(mon->type))
{
int dist = grid_distance(you.pos(), mon->pos());
if (want_move)
dist--;
if (dist >= 2)
return false;
}
// Short-cut if it's already adjacent.
if (grid_distance(mon->pos(), you.pos()) <= 1)
return true;
// If the monster is awake and knows a path towards the player
// (even though the player cannot know this) treat it as unsafe.
if (mon->travel_target == MTRAV_FOE)
return true;
// use MTRAV_KNOWN_UNREACHABLE as a cache, but only for monsters
// that aren't visible. This forces a pathfinding check whenever previously
// known unreachable monsters come into (or are in) view. It may be a bit
// inefficient for certain vaults, but it is necessary to check for things
// like sensed monsters via ash (which will get set as known unreachable
// on detection).
if (mon->travel_target == MTRAV_KNOWN_UNREACHABLE
&& !you.see_cell_no_trans(mon->pos()))
{
return false;
}
// Try to find a path from monster to player, using the map as it's
// known to the player and assuming unknown terrain to be traversable.
monster_pathfind mp;
const int range = mons_tracking_range(mon);
// At the very least, we shouldn't consider a visible monster with a
// direct path to you "safe" just because it would be too stupid to
// track you that far out-of-sight. Use a factor of 2 for smarter
// creatures as a safety margin.
if (range > 0)
mp.set_range(max(LOS_RADIUS, range * 2));
if (mp.init_pathfind(mon, you.pos(), true, false, true))
return true;
// Now we know the monster cannot possibly reach the player.
mon->travel_target = MTRAV_KNOWN_UNREACHABLE;
return false;
}
static bool _mons_explodes(const monster *mon)
{
return mon->type == MONS_BALLISTOMYCETE_SPORE
|| mon->type == MONS_BALL_LIGHTNING
|| mon->type == MONS_FULMINANT_PRISM;
}
bool mons_can_hurt_player(const monster* mon, const bool want_move)
{
// FIXME: This takes into account whether the player knows the map!
// It should, for the purposes of i_feel_safe. [rob]
// It also always returns true for sleeping monsters, but that's okay
// for its current purposes. (Travel interruptions and tension.)
//
// This also doesn't account for explosion radii, which is a false positive
// for a player waiting near (but not in range of) their own fulminant
// prism
if (_mons_has_path_to_player(mon, want_move) || _mons_explodes(mon))
return true;
// Even if the monster can not actually reach the player it might
// still use some ranged form of attack.
if (you.see_cell_no_trans(mon->pos())
&& mons_has_ranged_attack(*mon))
{
return true;
}
return false;
}
// Returns true if a monster can be considered safe regardless
// of distance.
static bool _mons_is_always_safe(const monster *mon)
{
return (mon->wont_attack() && !_mons_explodes(mon))
|| mon->type == MONS_BUTTERFLY
|| (mon->type == MONS_BALLISTOMYCETE
&& !mons_is_active_ballisto(*mon));
}
bool mons_is_safe(const monster* mon, const bool want_move,
const bool consider_user_options, bool check_dist)
{
// Short-circuit plants, some vaults have tons of those. Except for both
// active and inactive ballistos, players may still want these.
if (mons_is_firewood(*mon) && mon->type != MONS_BALLISTOMYCETE)
return true;
int dist = grid_distance(you.pos(), mon->pos());
bool is_safe = (_mons_is_always_safe(mon)
|| check_dist
&& (mon->pacified() && dist > 1
|| crawl_state.disables[DIS_MON_SIGHT] && dist > 2
// Only seen through glass walls or within water?
// Assuming that there are no water-only/lava-only
// monsters capable of throwing or zapping wands.
|| !mons_can_hurt_player(mon, want_move)));
#ifdef CLUA_BINDINGS
if (consider_user_options)
{
bool moving = you_are_delayed()
&& current_delay()->is_run()
&& current_delay()->is_resting()
|| you.running < RMODE_NOT_RUNNING
|| want_move;
bool result = is_safe;
monster_info mi(mon, MILEV_SKIP_SAFE);
if (clua.callfn("ch_mon_is_safe", "Ibbd>b",
&mi, is_safe, moving, dist,
&result))
{
is_safe = result;
}
}
#endif
return is_safe;
}
// Return all nearby monsters in range (default: LOS) that the player
// is able to recognise as being monsters (i.e. no submerged creatures.)
//
// want_move (??) Somehow affects what monsters are considered dangerous
// just_check Return zero or one monsters only
// dangerous_only Return only "dangerous" monsters
// require_visible Require that monsters be visible to the player
// range search radius (defaults: LOS)
//
vector<monster* > get_nearby_monsters(bool want_move,
bool just_check,
bool dangerous_only,
bool consider_user_options,
bool require_visible,
bool check_dist,
int range)
{
ASSERT(!crawl_state.game_is_arena());
if (range == -1)
range = you.current_vision;
vector<monster* > mons;
// Sweep every visible square within range.
for (radius_iterator ri(you.pos(), range, C_SQUARE, you.xray_vision ? LOS_NONE : LOS_DEFAULT); ri; ++ri)
{
if (monster* mon = monster_at(*ri))
{
if (mon->alive()
&& (!require_visible || mon->visible_to(&you))
&& !mon->submerged()
&& (!dangerous_only || !mons_is_safe(mon, want_move,
consider_user_options,
check_dist)))
{
mons.push_back(mon);
if (just_check) // stop once you find one
break;
}
}
}
return mons;
}
bool i_feel_safe(bool announce, bool want_move, bool just_monsters,
bool check_dist, int range)
{
if (!just_monsters)
{
// check clouds
if (in_bounds(you.pos()))
{
const cloud_type type = cloud_type_at(you.pos());
// Temporary immunity allows travelling through a cloud but not
// resting in it.
// Qazlal immunity will allow for it, however.
if (is_damaging_cloud(type, want_move, cloud_is_yours_at(you.pos())))
{
if (announce)
{
mprf(MSGCH_WARN, "You're standing in a cloud of %s!",
cloud_type_name(type).c_str());
}
return false;
}
}
// No monster will attack you inside a sanctuary,
// so presence of monsters won't matter -- until it starts shrinking...
if (is_sanctuary(you.pos()) && env.sanctuary_time >= 5)
return true;
if (poison_is_lethal())
{
if (announce)
mprf(MSGCH_WARN, "There is a lethal amount of poison in your body!");
return false;
}
if (you.duration[DUR_LIQUID_FLAMES])
{
if (announce)
mprf(MSGCH_WARN, "You are on fire!");
return false;
}
if (!actor_slime_wall_immune(&you) && count_adjacent_slime_walls(you.pos()) > 0)
{
if (announce)
mprf(MSGCH_WARN, "You're standing next to a slime covered wall!");
return false;
}
if (you.props[EMERGENCY_FLIGHT_KEY])
{
if (announce)
mprf(MSGCH_WARN, "You are being drained by your emergency flight!");
return false;
}
}
// Monster check.
vector<monster* > monsters =
get_nearby_monsters(want_move, !announce, true, true, false,
check_dist, range);
vector<monster* > visible;
copy_if(monsters.begin(), monsters.end(), back_inserter(visible),
[](const monster *mon){ return mon->visible_to(&you); });
const bool sensed_monster = any_of(monsters.begin(), monsters.end(),
[](const monster *mon){
return env.map_knowledge(mon->pos()).flags & MAP_INVISIBLE_MONSTER;
});
// Announce the presence of monsters (Eidolos).
string msg;
if (visible.size() == 1)
{
const monster& m = *visible[0];
msg = make_stringf("%s is nearby!", m.name(DESC_A).c_str());
}
else if (visible.size() > 1)
msg = "There are monsters nearby!";
else if (sensed_monster)
msg = "There is a strange disturbance nearby!";
else
return true;
if (announce)
{
mprf(MSGCH_WARN, "%s", msg.c_str());
if (Options.use_animations & UA_MONSTER_IN_SIGHT)
{
static bool tried = false;
if (visible.size() && tried)
{
monster_view_annotator flasher(&visible);
delay(100);
}
else if (visible.size())
tried = true;
else
tried = false;
}
}
return false;
}
bool there_are_monsters_nearby(bool dangerous_only, bool require_visible,
bool consider_user_options)
{
return !get_nearby_monsters(false, true, dangerous_only,
consider_user_options,
require_visible).empty();
}
// General threat = sum_of_logexpervalues_of_nearby_unfriendly_monsters.
// Highest threat = highest_logexpervalue_of_nearby_unfriendly_monsters.
static void _monster_threat_values(double *general, double *highest,
bool *invis, coord_def pos = you.pos())
{
*invis = false;
double sum = 0;
int highest_xp = -1;
for (monster_near_iterator mi(pos); mi; ++mi)
{
if (mi->friendly())
continue;
const int xp = exper_value(**mi);
const double log_xp = log((double)xp);
sum += log_xp;
if (xp > highest_xp)
{
highest_xp = xp;
*highest = log_xp;
}
if (!mi->visible_to(&you))
*invis = true;
}
*general = sum;
}
bool player_in_a_dangerous_place(bool *invis)
{
bool junk;
if (invis == nullptr)
invis = &junk;
const double logexp = log((double)you.experience);
double gen_threat = 0.0, hi_threat = 0.0;
_monster_threat_values(&gen_threat, &hi_threat, invis);
return gen_threat > logexp * 1.3 || hi_threat > logexp / 2;
}
void bring_to_safety()
{
if (player_in_branch(BRANCH_ABYSS))
return abyss_teleport();
coord_def best_pos, pos;
double min_threat = DBL_MAX;
int tries = 0;
// Up to 100 valid spots, but don't lock up when there's none. This can happen
// on tiny Zig/portal rooms with a bad summon storm and you in cloud / over water.
while (tries < 100000 && min_threat > 0)
{
pos.x = random2(GXM);
pos.y = random2(GYM);
if (!in_bounds(pos)
|| grd(pos) != DNGN_FLOOR
|| cloud_at(pos)
|| monster_at(pos)
|| env.pgrid(pos) & FPROP_NO_TELE_INTO
|| crawl_state.game_is_sprint()
&& grid_distance(pos, you.pos()) > 8)
{
tries++;
continue;
}
for (adjacent_iterator ai(pos); ai; ++ai)
if (grd(*ai) == DNGN_SLIMY_WALL)
{
tries++;
continue;
}
bool junk;
double gen_threat = 0.0, hi_threat = 0.0;
_monster_threat_values(&gen_threat, &hi_threat, &junk, pos);
const double threat = gen_threat * hi_threat;
if (threat < min_threat)
{
best_pos = pos;
min_threat = threat;
}
tries += 1000;
}
if (min_threat < DBL_MAX)
you.moveto(best_pos);
}
// This includes ALL afflictions, unlike wizard/Xom revive.
void revive()
{
adjust_level(-1);
// Allow a spare after two levels (we just lost one); the exact value
// doesn't matter here.
you.attribute[ATTR_LIFE_GAINED] = 0;
you.disease = 0;
you.magic_contamination = 0;
set_hunger(HUNGER_DEFAULT, true);
restore_stat(STAT_ALL, 0, true);
clear_trapping_net();
you.attribute[ATTR_DIVINE_VIGOUR] = 0;
you.attribute[ATTR_DIVINE_STAMINA] = 0;
you.attribute[ATTR_DIVINE_SHIELD] = 0;
if (you.form != transformation::none)
untransform();
you.clear_beholders();
you.clear_fearmongers();
you.attribute[ATTR_DIVINE_DEATH_CHANNEL] = 0;
you.attribute[ATTR_INVIS_UNCANCELLABLE] = 0;
you.attribute[ATTR_FLIGHT_UNCANCELLABLE] = 0;
you.attribute[ATTR_XP_DRAIN] = 0;
you.attribute[ATTR_SERPENTS_LASH] = 0;
you.los_noise_level = 0;
you.los_noise_last_turn = 0; // silence in death
if (you.duration[DUR_SCRYING])
you.xray_vision = false;
for (int dur = 0; dur < NUM_DURATIONS; dur++)
if (dur != DUR_GOURMAND && dur != DUR_PIETY_POOL)
you.duration[dur] = 0;
update_vision_range(); // in case you had darkness cast before
you.props["corrosion_amount"] = 0;
you.props.erase(SAP_MAGIC_KEY);
unrot_hp(9999);
set_hp(9999);
set_mp(9999);
you.pending_revival = false;
// Remove silence.
invalidate_agrid();
if (you.hp_max <= 0)
{
you.lives = 0;
mpr("You are too frail to live.");
// possible only with an extreme abuse of Borgnjor's
ouch(INSTANT_DEATH, KILLED_BY_DRAINING);
}
mpr("You rejoin the land of the living...");
// included in default force_more_message
}
↑ V648 Priority of the '&&' operation is higher than that of the '||' operation.
↑ V648 Priority of the '&&' operation is higher than that of the '||' operation.


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Returns a list of all global roles of the user that started the build. This includes roles assigned via groups.
When the run is triggered by an SCM event or by the timer, the build usually runs as the System user. This user is
considered as having all roles.
You can use the Authorize Project plugin
to run the builds as a different user. When running as anonymous, an empty list is returned.


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{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}Delete{% endblock %} {% block header %}{% endblock %} {% block content %} {% include "navbar.html" %}
Choose the number from the drop down list CAUTION!!!! Deleteing record is permanent


This page was generated from Sequence.ipynb. Interactive online version:
Alignment-based sequence methods¶
This notebook introduces the alignment-based sequence methods (operationalized by the Optimal Matching (OM) algorithm), which was originally developed for matching protein and DNA sequences in biology and used extensively for analyzing strings in computer science and recently widely applied to explore the neighborhood change.
It generally works by finding the minimum cost for aligning one sequence to match another using a combination of operations including substitution, insertion, deletion and transposition. The cost of each operation can be parameterized diferently and may be theory-driven or data-driven. The minimum cost is considered as the distance between the two sequences.
The sequence
module in giddy
provides a suite of alignment-based sequence methods.
Author: Wei Kang<EMAIL_ADDRESS>[1]:
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
[2]:
import libpysal
import mapclassify as mc
f = libpysal.io.open(libpysal.examples.get_path("usjoin.csv"))
pci = np.array([f.by_col[str(y)] for y in range(1929,2010)])
q5 = np.array([mc.Quantiles(y,k=5).yb for y in pci]).transpose()
q5
/Users/weikang/anaconda3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/scipy/stats/stats.py:1713: FutureWarning: Using a non-tuple sequence for multidimensional indexing is deprecated; use `arr[tuple(seq)]` instead of `arr[seq]`. In the future this will be interpreted as an array index, `arr[np.array(seq)]`, which will result either in an error or a different result.
return np.add.reduce(sorted[indexer] * weights, axis=axis) / sumval
[2]:
array([[0, 0, 0, ..., 0, 0, 0],
[2, 2, 2, ..., 1, 1, 0],
[0, 0, 0, ..., 0, 0, 0],
...,
[1, 1, 1, ..., 0, 0, 0],
[3, 3, 2, ..., 2, 2, 2],
[3, 3, 3, ..., 4, 4, 4]])
[3]:
q5.shape
[3]:
(48, 81)
Import Sequence
class from giddy.sequence
:
[4]:
from giddy.sequence import Sequence
“hamming”¶
substitution cost = 1
insertion/deletion cost = \(\infty\)
[5]:
seq_hamming = Sequence(q5, dist_type="hamming")
seq_hamming
[5]:
<giddy.sequence.Sequence at 0x7ff498df1160>
[6]:
seq_hamming.seq_dis_mat #pairwise sequence distance matrix
[6]:
array([[ 0., 75., 7., ..., 21., 81., 78.],
[75., 0., 80., ..., 79., 57., 73.],
[ 7., 80., 0., ..., 14., 81., 81.],
...,
[21., 79., 14., ..., 0., 81., 81.],
[81., 57., 81., ..., 81., 0., 51.],
[78., 73., 81., ..., 81., 51., 0.]])
“interval”¶
Assuming there are \(k\) states in the sequences and they are ordinal/continuous.
substitution cost = differences between states
insertion/deletion cost = \(k-1\)
[7]:
seq_interval = Sequence(q5, dist_type="interval")
seq_interval
[7]:
<giddy.sequence.Sequence at 0x7ff451d8d160>
[8]:
seq_interval.seq_dis_mat
[8]:
array([[ 0., 123., 7., ..., 21., 190., 225.],
[123., 0., 130., ..., 116., 69., 108.],
[ 7., 130., 0., ..., 14., 197., 232.],
...,
[ 21., 116., 14., ..., 0., 183., 218.],
[190., 69., 197., ..., 183., 0., 61.],
[225., 108., 232., ..., 218., 61., 0.]])
“arbitrary”¶
substitution cost = 0.5
insertion/deletion cost = 1
[9]:
seq_arbitrary = Sequence(q5, dist_type="arbitrary")
seq_arbitrary
[9]:
<giddy.sequence.Sequence at 0x7ff451d8dc18>
[10]:
seq_arbitrary.seq_dis_mat
[10]:
array([[ 0. , 37.5, 3.5, ..., 10.5, 40.5, 39. ],
[37.5, 0. , 40. , ..., 39.5, 28.5, 36.5],
[ 3.5, 40. , 0. , ..., 7. , 40.5, 40.5],
...,
[10.5, 39.5, 7. , ..., 0. , 40.5, 40.5],
[40.5, 28.5, 40.5, ..., 40.5, 0. , 25.5],
[39. , 36.5, 40.5, ..., 40.5, 25.5, 0. ]])
“markov”¶
substitution cost = \(1-\frac{p_{ij}+p_{ji}}{2}\) where \(p_{ij}\) is the empirical rate of transitioning from state \(i\) to \(j\)
insertion/deletion cost = 1
[11]:
seq_markov = Sequence(q5, dist_type="markov")
seq_markov
[11]:
<giddy.sequence.Sequence at 0x7ff451d8df28>
[12]:
seq_markov.seq_dis_mat
[12]:
array([[ 0. , 72.31052406, 6.34073233, ..., 19.02219698,
80.2334688 , 77.48002783],
[72.31052406, 0. , 77.05042347, ..., 74.77437281,
50.75696949, 65.9128181 ],
[ 6.34073233, 77.05042347, 0. , ..., 12.68146465,
80.97128589, 80.51785856],
...,
[19.02219698, 74.77437281, 12.68146465, ..., 0. ,
80.10306616, 80.46369148],
[80.2334688 , 50.75696949, 80.97128589, ..., 80.10306616,
0. , 41.57088046],
[77.48002783, 65.9128181 , 80.51785856, ..., 80.46369148,
41.57088046, 0. ]])
“tran”¶
Biemann, T. (2011). A Transition-Oriented Approach to Optimal Matching. Sociological Methodology, 41(1), 195–221. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9531.2011.01235.x
[13]:
seq_tran = Sequence(q5, dist_type="tran")
seq_tran
[13]:
<giddy.sequence.Sequence at 0x7ff451d8d588>
[14]:
seq_tran.seq_dis_mat
[14]:
array([[ 0., 23., 8., ..., 12., 24., 21.],
[23., 0., 17., ..., 16., 28., 22.],
[ 8., 17., 0., ..., 4., 18., 16.],
...,
[12., 16., 4., ..., 0., 21., 15.],
[24., 28., 18., ..., 21., 0., 23.],
[21., 22., 16., ..., 15., 23., 0.]])
[21]:
seq_tran.seq_dis_mat
[21]:
array([[ 0., 220., 25., ..., 55., 220., 220.],
[220., 0., 241., ..., 199., 93., 123.],
[ 25., 241., 0., ..., 44., 241., 241.],
...,
[ 55., 199., 44., ..., 0., 207., 220.],
[220., 93., 241., ..., 207., 0., 84.],
[220., 123., 241., ..., 220., 84., 0.]])
[ ]: