Dependencies
Note: nmod, neg, and punct appear in two places.
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acl
: clausal modifier of noun
acl
is used for finite and non-finite clauses that modify a noun, including cases of secondary predication.
Note that in French relative clauses get assigned a specific relation acl:relcl, a subtype of acl
.
Non-relative clausal dependents of nouns are limited to complement clauses with a subset of nouns like fait (fact). We analyze them as acl
(parallel to the analysis of this class as “content clauses” in Huddleston and Pullum 2002).
Comment est-ce que cela peut être réconcilié avec le fait que beaucoup de mariages cassent ? \n How can that be reconciled with the fact that many marriages break up?
acl(fait, cassent)
Une photo de ce qui s'est passé \n A picture of what happens
acl(photo, passé)
Un culte nourri d'influences d'anciens mythes \n A cult nourrished with influences from old myths
acl(culte, nourri)
The acl
relation is also used for secondary predicates modifying a nominal:
Il quitta la pièce pleurant . \n He left the room crying .
acl(Il, pleurant)
acl:relcl
: relative clause modifier
The acl:relcl
relation is used for relative clauses modifying
a nominal. The relation points from the head of the nominal to the
head of the relative clause.
J'ai vu l' homme qui t' aime \n I saw the man who loves you
acl:relcl(homme, aime)
nsubj(aime, qui)
dobj(aime, t')
advcl
: adverbial clause modifier
An adverbial clause modifier is a clause which modifies a verb or other predicate (adjective, etc.), as a modifier not as a core complement. This includes things such as a temporal clause, consequence, conditional clause, purpose clause, etc. The dependent must be clausal (or else it is an advmod) and the dependent is the main predicate of the clause.
L'accident s'est produit quand il faisait noir \n The accident happened when it was dark
advcl(produit, faisait)
Si tu sais qui l'a fait, tu devrais le dire au professeur \n If you know who did it, you should tell the teacher
advcl(dire, sais)
Il faut venir tôt pour avoir de la place \n One needs to get there early to have a seat
advcl(venir, avoir)
advmod
: adverbial modifier
An adverbial modifier of a word is a (non-clausal) adverb or adverbial phrase that serves to modify the meaning of the word.
Ca devrait être fortement souligné \n It should be strongly emphasised
advmod(souligné, fortement)
moins souvent \n less often
advmod(souvent, moins)
le jour le plus long \n the longest day
advmod(long, plus)
amod
: adjectival modifier
An adjectival modifier of a nominal is any adjectival phrase that serves to modify the meaning of the nominal head.
Marc boit du vin rouge \n Marc drinks red wine
amod(vin, rouge)
appos
: appositional modifier
An appositional modifier of a noun is a nominal immediately following the first noun that serves to define or modify that noun. It includes parenthesized examples, as well as defining abbreviations in one of these structures.
Sam , mon frère , est arrivé \n Sam , my brother , arrived
appos(Sam, frère)
Appelation d'origine contrôlée ( AOC )
appos(Appelation, AOC)
aux
: auxiliary
An auxiliary of a clause is a non-main verb of the clause.
Exception: An auxiliary verb used to construct the passive
voice is not labeled aux
but auxpass.
On peut nager dans le lac \n One can swim in the lake
aux(nager, peut)
Quelles conséquences cela a - t - il eu ? \n What consequences did this have ?
aux(eu, a)
auxpass
: passive auxiliary
A passive auxiliary of a clause is a non-main verb of the clause which contains the passive information.
Kennedy fut assassiné \n Kennedy was murdered
auxpass(assassiné, fut)
Other auxiliaries associated with the same main verb are not labeled auxpass
but aux
since they do not themselves indicate passive voice.
Kennedy a été assassiné \n Kennedy has been murdered
auxpass(assassiné, été)
aux(assassiné, a)
case
: case marking
The case
relation is used for any preposition in French. Prepositions are treated as dependents of the noun they attach to or introduce in an “extended nominal projection”. Thus, UD does not treat a preposition as a mediator between a modified word and its object. The case
relation aims at providing a uniform analysis of prepositions and case in morphologically rich languages.
Taxation individuelle de rentrée salariale \n Individual taxation of employment income
case(rentrée, de)
En attendant , asseyez-vous ici \n While waiting, seat down here
case(attendant, En)
cc
: coordinating conjunction
A coordinating conjunction relation holds between the head conjunct of a coordinate structure and any of the coordinating conjunction involved in the structure. This also includes the first element in paired conjunctions like ni … ni “nor … nor”. Note that we never treat punctuation as coordinating conjunctions. For more on coordination, see the French conj relation as well as the universal dependency page (u-dep/conj).
1500 euros par an et par enfant \n 1500 euros per child and per year
cc(an, et)
conj(an, enfant)
Et ce n'est pas la peine d'insister \n And it is not worth insisting
cc(peine, Et)
ccomp
: clausal complement
A clausal complement of a verb or adjective is a dependent clause where the subject is not determined by obligatory control, either because the clause has its own overt subject or because the subject is arbitrary or determined anaphorically. (This contrasts with the xcomp relation, which is used for clausal complements with obligatory control.)
Il dit que tu aimes nager \n He says that you like to swim
ccomp(dit, aimes)
Je suis certain qu'il l'a fait \n I am certain that he did it
ccomp(certain, fait)
compound
: compound
compound
in French is used for compounds like the following:
ambiance chalet \n
compound(ambiance, chalet)
début décembre \n beginning (of) December
compound(début, décembre)
conj
: conjunct
The conjunct relation holds between coordinated elements. We treat
coordination asymmetrically: The head of the relation is the first
conjunct and other conjuncts depend on it via the conj
relation.
1500 euros par an et par enfant \n 1500 euros per child and per year
conj(an, enfant)
Une seconde d' hésitation , d' inattention ou de retard \n A second of hesitation, carelessness or delay
conj(hésitation, inattention)
conj(hésitation, retard)
cop
: copula
A copula is the relation between the complement of a copular verb and
the copular verb. Copular heads are avoided when possible. For more on the cop
relation, see the universal dependency description (u-dep/cop)
Bill est un homme honnête \n Bill is an honest man
cop(homme, est)
nsubj(homme, Bill)
amod(homme, honnête)
det(homme, un)
In the current French treebank, the following verbs are treated as copular ones: être, devenir, rester, demeurer, as well as in some constructions appeler, intituler, nommer, réputer, élir
csubj
: clausal subject
A clausal subject is a clausal syntactic subject of a clause, i.e., the subject is itself a clause. The governor of this relation might not always be a verb: when the verb is a copular verb, the root of the clause is the complement of the copular verb.
Ce qu'il dit m' embête . \n What he says bothers me .
csubj(embête, dit)
csubjpass
: clausal passive subject
A clausal passive subject is a clausal syntactic subject of a passive clause. It is not a very common construction in French. In the example below, qu’il avait triché is the clausal subject.
Qu'il avait triché était cru par tout le monde . \n That he cheated was believed by everyone .
csubjpass(cru, triché)
dep
: unspecified dependency
A dependency is labeled as dep
when a more precise dependency relation between two words cannot be determined. This may be because of a weird grammatical construction, a limitation in software, a parser error, or because of an unresolved long distance dependency.
det
: determiner
A determiner is the relation between the head of a nominal phrase and its determiner.
Les fleurs sont magnifiques \n The flowers are beautiful
det(fleurs, Les)
Quel livre préfères-tu ? \n Which book do you prefer ?
det(livre, Quel)
A possessive determiner is marked with the nmod:poss relation:
Mon ami \n My friend
nmod:poss(ami, Mon)
discourse
: discourse element
This is used for interjections and other discourse particles and elements, which are not clearly linked to the structure of the sentence except in an expressive way.
Waouh , c' était fun :) \n Wow , that was fun :)
discourse(fun, :)-6)
discourse(fun, Waouh)
Bref , une occasion à ne pas laisser passer \n In short, an opportunity that should not be passed on
discourse(occasion, Bref)
dislocated
: dislocated elements
The dislocated
relation is used for fronted or postposed elements
that do not fulfill the usual core grammatical relations of a
sentence. Dislocated elements are attached to the same governor as the dependent that they double for.
This construction is quite frequent is spoken French. It has not been yet annotated in the French treebank.
Pierre je ne l' aime pas beaucoup \n Peter I don't like him much
dislocated(aime, Pierre)
dobj(aime, l')
dobj
: direct object
A direct object is a nominal which is the (accusative) object of the verbal predicate.
Il mange un sandwich . \n He eats a sandwich .
dobj(mange, sandwich)
The dobj
relation is also used for a reflexive pronoun in pronominal verb when the pronoun is a direct object of the verb. When the grammatical relation of the pronoun is not a direct object nor an indirect object (as in se douter “to suspect”), the pronoun gets analyzed as expl
.
Il se lave . \n He washes himself .
dobj(lave, se)
expl
: expletive
This relation captures expletive or pleonastic nominals. These are nominals that appear in an argument position of a predicate but which do not themselves satisfy any of the semantic roles of the predicate. There is further discussion and examples on the universal dependency page (u-dep/expl).
C' est la seule manière de réussir \n It' s the only way to succeed
expl(manière, C')
In Romance languages, pronouns in prominal verbs which do not have a semantic role are marked as expl
such as se in se douter. In French the expl
relation is also used for euphonic elements, such as l’ in e.g. et que l’on retrouve or t in a-t-il reçu mon email?
Note that currenlty expletives are not annotated consistently in the French treebank.
foreign
: foreign words
The foreign
relation can be used to label sequences of foreign words. These are given
a linear analysis: the head is the first token in the foreign phrase.
Cet homme était persona non grata \n This man was persona non grata
foreign(persona, non)
foreign(persona, grata)
goeswith
: goes with
This relation links two parts of a word that are separated in text that is not well edited, or due to tokenization errors. The head is in some sense the main part.
This relation is not used in the French treebank.
Ils sont partis aujourd' hui \n They left today
goeswith(aujourd', hui)
iobj
: indirect object
An indirect object is a nominal which corresponds to a dative object.
Il m' envoie une lettre . \n He sends me a letter .
iobj(envoie, m')
When the indirect object is realized with a preposition, it gets analyzed with the nmod relation:
Il envoie la lettre à la présidente . \n He sends the letter to the president .
nmod(envoie, présidente)
case(présidente, à)
The iobj relation is also used for pronouns in prononimal verbs which are indirect objects:
Il se parle tout haut. \n He speaks to himself out loud .
iobj(parle, se)
list
: list
The list
relation is used for chains of comparable items. It is not currently attested in the French treebank.
Web text often contains passages which are meant to be interpreted as lists but are parsed as single sentences. Email signatures in particular contain these structures, in the form of contact information: the different contact information items are labeled as list
; the key-value pair relations are labeled as appos.
In lists with more than two items, all items of the list shoud modify the first one.
Steve Jones GSM: 555-9814 Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>name(Steve-1, Jones-2)
list(Steve-1, GSM:-3)
list(Steve-1, Email:-5)
appos(GSM:-3, 555-9814-4)
appos(Email:-5<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mark
: marker
A marker is the word introducing a clause subordinate to another clause. The marker is a dependent of the subordinate clause head.
Il dit que tu aimes nager \n He says that you like to swim
mark(aimes, que)
S' il pleut, on sera mouillé \n If it rains, we will get wet
mark(pleut, S')
Prepositions introducing infinitives are also analyzed as mark
.
Il faut arriver tôt pour avoir de la place \n One needs to get there early to have a seat
mark(avoir, pour)
mwe
: multi-word expression
The multi-word expression (modifier) relation is one of the three
relations (compound, mwe
, name) for compounding.
It is used for certain fixed grammaticized expressions that behave
like function words or short adverbials.
de toutes façons \n in any case
mwe(façons, de)
mwe(toutes, façons)
ainsi que \n
mwe(que, ainsi)
avant de \n
mwe(de, avant)
name
: name
The name relation is one of the three relations for compounding in UD (together
with compound and mwe).
It is used for proper nouns constituted of multiple nominal
elements. For example, name
would be used between the words of
Hillary Rodham Clinton, New York, or Carl XVI Gustaf but not to
replace the usual relations in a phrasal or clausal name like The
king of Belgium or the novels The Lord of the Rings and Captured By
Aliens.
Words joined by name
should all be part of a minimal noun phrase;
otherwise regular syntactic relations should be used. This is
basically similar to the treatment of noun compounds with
compound, except that in many cases parts of the name may be
another nominal element such as an adjective (United Airlines).
In general, names are annotated in a flat, head-initial structure, in
which all words in the name modify the head using the name
label.
Cervélo Test Team
name(Team, Cervélo)
name(Team, Test)
For names with a clear syntactic modification structure, the dependencies should instead reflect the syntactic modification structure using regular syntactic relations, as in:
<< La Belle et la Bête >> \n The Beauty and the Beast
conj(Belle, Bête)
cc(Belle, et)
det(Belle, La)
det(Bête, la)
neg
: negation modifier
The negation modifier is the relation between a negation word and the word it modifies. Both elements of double negation are marked as neg
. Note that in colloquial French, the first element of the double negation is often not present.
L'homme parfait n' existe pas \n The perfect man does not exist
neg(existe, pas)
neg(existe, n')
On ne le lâchera plus \n We will not let it go anymore
neg(lâchera, plus)
neg(lâchera, ne)
nmod
: nominal modifier
The nmod
relation is used for nominal modifiers of nouns or clausal
predicates. nmod
is a noun functioning as a non-core (oblique)
argument or adjunct. In French, nmod
is used for prepositional complements as well as for temporal complements not introduced by a preposition.
Le résultat de la course \n The result of the race
nmod(résultat, course)
case(course, de)
Maman prend bien soin de ses enfants \n Mother takes good care of her children
nmod(soin, enfants)
case(enfants, de)
Il a grandi en Afrique \n He grew up in Africa
nmod(grandi, Afrique)
case(Afrique, en)
Il est utilisé pour le service \n It is used for the service
nmod(utilisé, service)
case(service, pour)
L' an passé, la compagnie a fait pas mal de bénéfices \n Last year, the company made quite a lot of benefit
nmod(fait, an)
nmod:poss
: possessive nominal modifier
The relation nmod:poss
is used for a possessive nominal modifier expressed by a possessive determiner (mon, ton, son, ma, ta, sa, mes, tes, ses, notre, votre, leur, nos, vos, leurs).
Toute notre vie \n All our life
nmod:poss(vie, notre)
nsubj
: nominal subject
The dependency type nsubj
marks nominal subjects of a clause. Subjects are direct dependents of the main predicate of the clause, which may be a verb, noun or adjective.

La course a été gagnée par le plus jeune participant . \n The race got won by the youngest participant .
nsubjpass(gagnée, participant)
nummod
: numeric modifier
A numeric modifier of a noun is any number phrase that serves to modify the meaning of the noun with a quantity.
Sam mangea 3 bonbons \n Sam ate 3 candies
nummod(bonbons, 3)
Il perdit presque 13 pourcent \n He lost almost 14 percent
nummod(pourcent, 13)
Dates are annotated as follows: if present the month is the head, the day is nummod, and the year is nmod
Elle est née le 12 décembre 2011 \n She was born on December 12 2011
nmod(née, décembre)
nummod(décembre, 12)
nmod(décembre, 2011)
det(27, le)
parataxis
: parataxis
The parataxis relation (from Greek for “place side by side”) is a relation between the main verb of a clause and other sentential elements, such as a sentential parenthetical, a clause after a “:” or a “;”, or two sentences placed side by side without any explicit coordination or subordination. More information can be found on the universal dependency page (u-dep/parataxis)
Les enfants jouent tout le temps, jouer est leur travail \n Children play all the time , play is their work
parataxis(jouent, travail)
Les enfants ont le droit d'avoir du temps libre ( voir ci-dessous ) \n Children have a right to free time ( see below )
parataxis(ont, voir)
C'est l' idée : les enfants sont le futur \n That is the thought : children are the future
parataxis(idée, futur)
punct
: punctuation
This is used for any piece of punctuation in a clause, regardless of its function. The punctuation mark is attached to the head of the phrase or clause to which it belongs unless this introduces a non-projective dependency. More discussion on punctuation can be found on the universal dependency page (u-dep/punct).
Tous les bénéfices sont hors-taxe ! \n All profits are tax-free !
punct(hors-taxe, !)
S' il pleut , on sera mouillé . \n If it rains , we will get wet .
punct(pleut, ,)
punct(mouillé, .)
remnant
: remnant in ellipsis
The remnant relation is used to analyze cases of ellipsis where there is no function word that can be promoted to take the place of the elided content word. For a full discussion of its use, see the universal dependency description (u-dep/remnant).
Currently this construction is not correctly annotated in the French treebank.
Marie a été à Paris et Miriam à Prague \n Marie went to Paris and Miriam to Prague
nsubj(été-3, Marie-1)
nmod(été-3, Paris-5)
case(Paris-5, à-4)
cc(été-3, et-6)
remnant(Marie-1, Miriam-7)
case(Prague-9, à-8)
remnant(Paris-5, Prague-9)
reparandum
: overridden disfluency
The reparandum
relation is used to indicate disfluencies overridden in a speech
repair. The disfluency is the dependent of the repair.
Currently this construction is not annotated in the French treebank (but there are probably no attested uses).
Va à-2 droi- à-4 gauche . \n Go to the righ- to the left .
nmod(Va, gauche)
reparandum(gauche, droi-)
case(droi-, à-2)
root
: root
The root
grammatical relation points to the root of the sentence. A
fake node ROOT
is used as the governor. The ROOT
node is indexed
with 0, since the indexing of real words in the sentence starts at 1.
ROOT J' aime les frites . \n I love French fries .
root(ROOT, aime)
ROOT Il est grand . \n He is tall .
root(ROOT, grand)
vocative
: vocative
The vocative
relation is used to mark a dialogue participant addressed in text (common in conversations, emails and newsgroup postings). The relation links the addressee’s name to its host sentence.
Les gars , faites attention ! \n Guys , be careful !
vocative(faites, gars)
David , comment ça va ? \n David, how 's it going ?
vocative(va, David)
Note: the vocative
relation is not currently annotated in the French data.
xcomp
: open clausal complement
An open clausal complement (xcomp
) of a verb or an adjective is a predicative or clausal complement without its own subject. The reference of the subject is necessarily determined by an argument external to the xcomp (normally by the object of the next higher clause, if there is one, or else by the subject of the next higher clause). These complements are always non-finite, and they are complements (arguments of the higher verb or adjective) rather than adjuncts/modifiers. The name xcomp
is borrowed from Lexical-Functional Grammar.
Il dit que tu aimes nager \n He says that you like to swim
xcomp(aimes, nager)
Je compte y retourner \n I am planning to go back there
xcomp(compte, retourner)
Je le considère comme un ami \n I consider him as a friend
xcomp(considère, ami)


div text.
p text.
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other div span
This is text.
this is a link
this is a link
this is a text
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After all processing has been completed, the designated output directory for the
qap_anatomical_spatial.py
workflow will contain a set of pdf files that
contain the relevant reports for the set of scans undergoing quality assessment.
The set of output pdfs includes one pdf file per input scan in the scan directory,
e.g.: qap_anatomical_spatial_sub-01.pdf
, which contains the T1 slice
mosaic and QC metrics for that scan. There will also be a group report pdf in the
main output directory, e.g.: qap_anatomical_spatial_group.pdf
, that contains
summary metrics for the entire set of scans.
This plot in the report for the scan being assessed, e.g.:
Anatomical reoriented, subject sub-01 (session_1_anat_1)
is the rendering of the axial slices from the 3D stack created by the workflow. This image can be used to eyeball the quality of the overall signal in the anatomical scan, as it will be obvious if there were any problem areas where there was signal dropout resulting from a bad shim or other sources of signal distortion.
The metrics displayed in the Summary Report, e.g.: QC measures (subject sub-01_session_1)
were computed using the qap_anatomical_spatial.py
workflow and have been
displayed as violin plots. The stars in these plots denote where the score for the scans for this
participant fall in the distribution of all scores for scans that were included as inputs to the
anatomical-spatial workflow.
If there are several scans per session for this individual, then the stars will be displayed adjacent
to each other in the violin plot.
The metrics computed are as follows:
All metrics are described in more detail in the Taxonomy of QA Measures section of the QAP documentation. Please refer to the QAP website for descriptions of these metrics.
The violin plots included in the group report, e.g.: qqap_anatomical_spatial_group.pdf
,
are a graphical representation of the columnar values in the qap_anatomical_spatial.csv
file
that was created in the main output directory for the workflow. The scores for each metric described above
were aggregated to create the distributions that were plotted in both the individual and group reports.
Hence, the violin plots in the individual scan reports and the group reports are identical, except that
the group reports do not contain any stars denoting individual scans. These group reports are intended
to provide the user a means of visually inspecting the overall quality of the spatial data for that group
of anatomical scans.


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The class provides a programmable interface allowing to easily integrate a custom word autocomplete function in a given script or project. Any Edit/RICHEDIT50W control should be able to be wrapped into an eAutocomplete object. Practically, it enables users to quickly find, get info tips and select from a dynamic pre-populated list of data (e.g. complete strings, replacement strings) as he types, leveraging typing, definition lookups, searching, translation, filtering etc.
Enables users, as typing in an Edit/RICHEDIT50W control, to quickly find and select from a dynamic pre-populated list of suggestions and, by this means, to expand/replace partially entered strings into/by complete strings. When a user starts to type in the edit control and a brief rest (225ms) occured since the last keystroke, the script starts searching for entries that match and should display complete strings to choose from, based both on earlier typed letters and the content of a custom list. If the host edit control is a single-line edit control, the list of choices is displayed beneath the control, in the manner of a combobox list (and, in this case, items can be clicked).
Tab
key to complete a pending word with the selected suggestion (the top most suggestion is selected by default).Down
and Up
arrow keys to select from the list all other available suggestions. Hitting Up
while the first item is selected will bring you to the last one while hitting Down
on the last item will bring you to the first one.Tab
/Shift+Tab
to replace the current partial string by respectively the first/second of the selected suggestion’s own replacement strings (or, alternatively, by a dynamic string).Enter
key is functionally equivalent to the Tab
one (including in the combination Shift+Tab
) except that it also moves the caret to the next line at the same time.Esc
key.Right
/Shift+Right
hotkeys to look up respectively the first/second of the selected suggestion’s associated data (or, alternatively, dynamic data). When applicable, data appear in a tooltip, near the selected suggestion.autoSuggest
is disabled, Down
displays the drop-down list, assuming one or more suggestions are available (see also: options).By default, an occurrence of the regExSymbol
- by default: the asterisk - in the middle of a string will be interpreted not literally but as a pattern, matching zero or more occurrences of any non-delimiter characters (e.g. a*h
matches autohotkey
).
An instance can optionally learn words at their first onset (or simply collect them for use in a single session) by setting the value of both the learnWords
and collectWords
options.
Specify .
(that is, a dot) as one of the customizable endkeys
and disable the expandWithSpace
option to allow subsequence completion (e.g. method names, url and email adress components etc.).
An instance of eAutocomplete
will be from now on referred to as eA
.
\eAutocomplete.ahk
) by means of the #Include directive.eAutocomplete
control (that is, add a custom edit control and its wrapper to an existing ahk GUI window) or endow with word completion feature an existing edit control (e.g Notepad’s one) or an existing rich edit control (e.g Wordpad’s one) by means of the attach method - both methods returning a new instance of eAutocomplete
.#NoEnv
#Warn
#Include %A_ScriptDir%\eAutocomplete.ahk
list =
(
voiture car автомобиль
jour day день
)
/*
Autocompletion data are assumed to be described in a linefeed-separated list of a TSV-formatted lines.
A line can describe up to three items, in a tabular structure:
- the first tab-separated item represents the string value which is intended to be displayed in the drop-down list, as an actual suggestion.
- the other two items represent potential replacement strings - aside from being able to be displayed as info tips.
*/
eAutocomplete.setSourceFromVar("mySource", list)
; Creates a new autocomplete dictionary from an input string, storing it directly in the base object.
GUI, +hwndGUIID ; +hwndGUIID stores the window handle (HWND) of the GUI in 'GUIID'
A := eAutocomplete.create(GUIID, "w300 h200 +Resize", {source: "mySource"})
GUI, Show, w500 h500, eAutocomplete sample example
OnExit, handleExit
return
handleExit:
A.dispose()
; A script should call the `dispose` method, at the latest at the time the script exits.
ExitApp
eA := eAutocomplete.create(_GUIID, _editOptions:="", _options:="")
The create
method throws an exception upon failure (such as if the host window does not exist).
| parameter | description |
|---|---|
_GUIID [HWND] |
The host window’s HWND. |
_editOptions OPTIONAL [STRING] |
The edit control’s options. The +Resize option may be listed in options to allow the user to resize both the height and width of the edit control. |
_options OPTIONAL [OBJECT] |
An object. If applicable, the following keys are processed. |
eA := eAutocomplete.attach(_hHostControl, _options:="")
The attach
method throws an exception upon failure (such as if the host control is not a representative of the class Edit/RICHEDIT50W
).
| parameter | description |
|---|---|
_hHostControl [HWND] |
The host control’s HWND. |
_options OPTIONAL [OBJECT] |
An object. If applicable, the following keys are processed. |
eA.HWND
/eA.AHKID
and eA.listbox.HWND/eA.listbox.AHKID
contain respectively the host control and the drop-down list control’s HWND/AHKID.| key (property) | description | default value |
|---|---|---|
autoSuggest |
If set to true the autocompletion automatically displays a drop-down list beneath the current partial string as soon as suggestions are available. Otherwise, if set to false , the Down key can display the drop-down list, assuming one or more suggestions are available. |
true |
collectAt |
Specify how many times a ‘word’ absent from the database should be typed before being actually collected by the instance. Instance’s concept of ‘word’ is affected by both the endKeys and the minWordLength options. Once collected, words are valid during a single session (see also: learnWords ). |
4 |
collectWords |
Specify whether or not an instance should collect ‘words’ at their collectAt -nth onset. Once collected, words are valid during a single session (see also: learnWords ). |
true |
disabled |
Determine whether or not the word completion feature should start off in an initially-disabled state. | false |
endKeys |
A list of zero or more characters, considered as not being part of a ‘word’, that is, all characters which terminate a word and start a new word at the same time. Its value affects the behaviour of the minWordLength , the suggestAt and the collectWords options. In particular, any trailing end keys is removed from a string before being collected and, as the case may be, learned. Space characters - space, tab, and newlines - are always considered as end keys. |
\/|?!,;.:(){}[]'""<>@= |
expandWithSpace |
If set to true , the script automatically expands the complete string with a space upon text expansion/replacement. |
true |
learnWords |
If the value evaluates to true , collected words will be stored into the instance’s current database (note: if the source is a file, its content will be overwritten, either at the time the source is replaced by a new one by setting the eponymous property or at the time the dispose method is called). |
false |
matchModeRegEx |
If set to true , an occurrence of the regExSymbol (see below) character in the middle of a string will be interpreted not literally but as part of a regular expression. |
true |
minWordLength |
Set the minimum number of characters a word must contain to be actually seen as a ‘word’. Its value affects the collectWords option. |
4 |
regExSymbol |
The character which is intended to be interpreted - assuming matchModeRegEx is set to true - as a pattern, matching zero or more occurrences of any non-delimiter character (e.g. a*h matches autohotkey). The value can be any non-space character not listed in the endKeys option. |
* |
source |
Specifies the autocomplete list to use. The value must be the name of a source that was previously defined using either the setSourceFromVar or the setSourceFromFile base method. Specify an empty string and enable the learnWords option to start building a new wordlist from the scratch. |
"" |
suggestAt |
Set the minimum number of characters a user must type before a search is performed. Zero is useful for local data with just a few items, but a higher value should be used when a single character search could match a few thousand items. | 2 |
onCompletion |
Associate a function with the completion event. This can be used, for example, to an launch a search engine when the user has selected an item. See also: Event handling. |
"" |
onReplacement |
Associate a function with the replacement event. This can be used to allow dynamic replacements, such as when replacement strings come from a translation API, as an example. See also: Event handling. |
"" |
onResize |
Associate a function with the little UI handle which allows resizing by the user and with which is endowed an edit control when it has been created using the create method and have +Resize listed in editOptions . It is launched automatically whenever the user resizes the edit control by its means. See also: Event handling. |
"" |
onSuggestionLookUp |
Associate a function with the suggestionLookUp event. This can be used to allow dynamic description lookups such as when description strings come from a dictionary API, as an example. See also: Event handling. |
"" |
listbox.bkColor |
Sets the background color of the drop-down list by specifying one of the 16 primary HTML color names or a 6-digit RGB color value. | FFFFFF |
listbox.fontColor |
Sets the font color for the drop-down list by specifying one of the 16 primary HTML color names or a 6-digit RGB color value. | 000000 |
listbox.fontName |
Sets the font typeface for the drop-down list. | Segoe UI |
listbox.fontSize |
Sets the font size for the drop-down list. | 13 |
listbox.maxSuggestions |
The maximum number of suggestions to display in the drop-down list, without having to scrolling, if necesary. | 7 |
listbox.tabStops |
[combobox only] Specify an integer, multiple of eight, to set tab stops. Tab stops can be used in a list box to align columns of information. Tab stops are expressed as dialog units. On the average, each character is about four horizontal dialog units in width. eAutocomplete uses by deafult a value of 512 (sic) to hide replacement/description strings used for the application’s internal processing. Actually, it is possible to hide columns of text from the user by specifying tab stops beyond the right side of the list box. You can however decide to make replacement/description strings visually available to user and formatted into columns. |
512 |
listbox.transparency |
Specify a number between 0 and 255 to indicate the drop-down list’s degree of transparency. | 235 |
useRTL |
The language is intended to be displayed in right-to-left (RTL) mode as with Arabic or Hebrew. (not yet implemented) | false |
лето summer прекрасное лето - great summer`r`nпроводить лето - to summer
this is a comment
this is a comment
Both the second and the third items may be omitted (that is, a line may consist in a single field, whether it is a word or a group of word) - while specifying an empty string in between two tab-separated values (that is, two consecutive tab characters) allows to omit the second item while being able to use the third one as third. Description/replacement strings can be multiline text strings - however, in this case, both the newline (linefeed/LF) and the carriage return (CR) characters must be escaped. Also, each line may be commented out by prefixing it by one or more space (or tab) characters. </br>
note: A linefeed-separated list of a TSV-formatted lines can be built in particular from your google drive or you office suite - from a spreadsheet by saving it as… .csv
(and specifying, if need be, a tabulation as field separator).
All methods throw an exception upon failure
eAutocomplete.setSourceFromVar(_sourceName, _list:="")
| parameter | description |
|---|---|
_source |
The name of the source, which may consist of alphanumeric characters, underscore and non-ASCII characters. |
_list [OPTIONAL] |
The list as string of characters. |
eAutocomplete.setSourceFromFile(_sourceName, _fileFullPath)
| parameter | description |
|---|---|
_source |
The name of the source, which may consist of alphanumeric characters, underscore and non-ASCII characters. |
_fileFullPath |
The absolute path of the file to read (note: its content will be overwritten and replaced by a sorted list of suggestion items, either at the time the source is replaced by a new one by setting the eponymous property or at the time the dispose method is called). |
eA.setOptions(_options)
eA.listbox.setOptions(_options)
| parameter | description |
|---|---|
_options [OBJECT] |
An object. If applicable, the following keys are processed. |
eA.dispose()
Releases all circular references by unregistering instance’s own hotkeys and event handlers. It also removes instance’s own event hook functions (the class hook a few events instead of querying windows objects when needed). A script should call the dispose
method, at the latest at the time the script exits. Moreover, calling dispose
ensures that collected words, if any, are stored into the appropriate database, as the case may be. Once the method has been called, any further call has no effect.
The script is able to call a user-defined callback for the following events:
onCompletion
onSuggestionLookUp
onReplacement
onSize
The value can be either the name of a function, a function reference or a boundFunc object. In the latter case, stucked bound references, if any, are freed at the time the dispose
instance’s own method is called.
eA.onCompletion := Func("mycompletionEventMonitor")
Executes a custom function whenever the user has performed a completion or a replacement by pressing/long pressing either the Tab
or the Enter
key.
mycompletionEventMonitor(this, _completeString, _isReplacement)
| parameter | description |
|---|---|
_completeString |
Contains the text of the complete string. |
_isReplacement |
A boolean value which determines whether or not a remplacement has been performed beforehand. |
eA.onSuggestionLookup := Func("mySuggestionLookupEventMonitor")
Associate a function with the suggestionLookUp
event. This would cause the function to be launched automatically whenever the user attempts to query an info tip from the selected suggestion by pressing and holding either the Right
key (querying the first suggestion’s associated datum) or the Shift+Right
hotkey (querying the second suggestion’s associated datum). The return value of the callback will be used as the actual text displayed in the tooltip. This can be used to allow dynamic description lookups such as when description strings come from a dictionary API, as an example.
infoTipText := mySuggestionLookupEventMonitor(_suggestionText, _tabIndex)
| parameter | description |
|---|---|
_suggestionText |
The text of the selected suggestion, as visible in the drop-down list. |
_tabIndex |
If a variable is specified, it is assigned a number indicating the index of the suggestion’s associated datum. |
eA.onReplacement := Func("myReplacementEventMonitor")
Associate a function with the replacement
event. This would cause the function to be launched automatically whenever the user is about to perform a replacement by long pressing either the Tab
/Enter
key (first suggestion’s associated replacement string) or the Shift+Tab
/Shift+Enter
hotkey (second suggestion’s associated replacement string). The event fires before the replacement string has been actually sent to the host control - the return value of the function being actually used as the actual replacement string. This can be used to allow dynamic replacements, such as when replacement strings come from a translation API, as an example.
replacementText := myReplacementEventMonitor(_suggestionText, _tabIndex)
| parameter | description |
|---|---|
_suggestionText |
The text of the selected suggestion, as visible in the drop-down list. |
_tabIndex |
If a variable is specified, it is assigned a number indicating the index of the suggestion’s associated replacement string. |
eA.onSize := Func("mySizeEventMonitor")
Associate a function with the little UI handle which allows resizing by the user and with which is endowed an edit control when it has been created using the create
method and had +Resize
listed in editOptions
. The function is executed automatically whenever the user resizes the edit control by its means. The function can prevent resizing by returning a non-zero integer.
preventResizing := mySizeEventMonitor(_parent, this, _w, _h, _mousex, _mousey)
| parameter | description |
|---|---|
_parent |
The name, number or HWND of the GUI itself. |
_w |
The current edit control’s width. |
_h |
The current edit control’s height. |
_mousex |
The current position (abscissa) of the mouse cursor (coordinate is relative to the active window’s client area). |
_mousey |
The current position (ordinate) of the mouse cursor (coordinate is relative to the active window’s client area). |


Hi, I am Sadman
Email me at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Interests
We did most of the heavy lifting for you to provide a default stylings that incorporate our custom components. Additionally, we refined animations and transitions to provide a smoother experience for developers.
We have provided detailed documentation as well as specific code examples to help new users get started. We are also always open to feedback and can answer any questions a user may have about Materialize.
We did most of the heavy lifting for you to provide a default stylings that incorporate our custom components. Additionally, we refined animations and transitions to provide a smoother experience for developers.
By utilizing elements and principles of Material Design, we were able to create a framework that incorporates components and animations that provide more feedback to users. Additionally, a single underlying responsive system across all platforms allow for a more unified user experience.
We have provided detailed documentation as well as specific code examples to help new users get started. We are also always open to feedback and can answer any questions a user may have about Materialize.


What is KARiSTA?
KARiSTA is held to witness the spirit of sportsmanship as well as the unity of friendship among UiTM staff from all branches. The
Objectives
To search for staffs that will represent UiTM in Kejohanan Sukan Staf Badan Berkanun (SUKANUN) 2021.
20 Sport Events
Football Senior 9's
Football Veteran 9's
Football Penalty Senior
Football Penalty Super Veteran
Beach Football Men
Beach Football Women
Netball
Tenpin Bowling
Golf
Volleyball
Tennis Singles
Badminton
Darts
Chess
Sepak Takraw
Beach Petanque
Cycling
Run
Carrom
E-Sports (CSGo & FIFA 19)


CSV Import and Export Methods (csv)
To enable these methods, add 'csv' to DataMapper's config, under 'extensions'.
Convert arrays of DataMapper models to and from CSV files. This extension uses the built-in PHP fgetcsv and fputcsv. Many issues with CSV formats can be resolved by checking the PHP manual.
csv_export($filename, $fields, $include_header)
- $filename: The name of the file to save to, or an open handle. If this is a string, the file will be overwritten. If it is a handle, it will not be closed.
- $fields: (Optional) If provided, only these fields will be exported. If empty or not provided, all of the database columns will be exported.
- $include_header: (Optional) If TRUE, the column names will be output on the first row (recommended). Defaults to TRUE.
- Returns: TRUE or FALSE if an error occurs, or the array of objects is empty.
Outputs the $fields within $object->all to a CSV file. If $object->all is an empty array, nothing is written and FALSE is returned.
Usage
$u = new User(); // load all users $u->get(); // Output $u->all to /tmp/output.csv, using all database fields. $u->csv_export('/tmp/output.csv');
csv_import($filename, $fields, $header_row, $callback)
- $filename: The name of the file to save to, or an open handle. If this is a string, the file will be overwritten. If it is a handle, it will not be closed.
- $fields: (Optional) If provided, only these fields will be imported. If empty or not provided, all of the database columns will be imported.
- $header_row: (Optional) If TRUE, the first row is assumed to be a header containing the field names. Defaults to TRUE.
- $callback: (Optional) A callback method for each row. The provided method will be called with the new object as the argument. The method should return FALSE if the item could not be imported, the string 'stop' to stop importing, or TRUE on success.
- Returns: If a callback method was specified, the number of successfully processed objects. Otherwise, an array containing the (unsaved) imported DataMapper objects.
Imports a CSV file into DataMapper objects.
Important: If the CSV file has an id column, you either need to exclude it from the list of fields, or use the save_as_new method.
Usage
function import_csv() { // Save the CSV file, place the filename into $csvfile $n = new Note(); // After each row is parsed, $this->_save_note will be called with the new Note. $saved_notes = $n->csv_import($csvfile, array('message'), TRUE, array($this, '_save_note')); echo "$saved_notes Notes were imported."; } function _save_note($note) { if( ! $note->save()) { echo($note->error->string); return FALSE; } return TRUE; }


CHAPTER 206M
HAWAII TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
Part I. Hawaii Technology Development Corporation
Section
206M-1 Definitions
206M-2 Establishment of the Hawaii technology development
corporation; purpose
206M-2.5 Meetings of the board
206M-3 Powers, generally
206M-3.4 Contracts for services necessary for management
and operation of corporation
206M-3.5 Annual reports
206M-4 Compliance with state and local law
206M-5 Development rules
206M-6 Use of public lands
206M-7 Conditions precedent to negotiating and entering into a
project agreement
206M-8 Project agreement
206M-9 Issuance of special purpose revenue bonds; bond
anticipation notes; refunding bonds
206M-10 Authorization for loans; loan terms and conditions;
loan procedure
206M-11 Special purpose revenue bonds not a general
or moral obligation of State
206M-12 Special purpose revenue bonds exempt from taxation
206M-12.5 Federal tax-exempt status
206M-13 Special purpose revenue bonds as legal
investments and lawful security
206M-14 Status of special purpose revenue bonds under
the Uniform Commercial Code
206M-15 Hawaii technology research and development loans and
grants
206M-15.1 Manufacturing development program; established
206M-15.5 Hawaii technology special fund
206M-15.6 Hawaii technology loan revolving fund
206M-16 Exemption of development corporation from taxation and
competitive bidding
206M-17 Revenue bond fund accounts
206M-18 Assistance by state and county agencies
206M-19 Court proceedings; preferences
206M-20 Construction of this chapter
206M-21 Confidentiality of trade secrets or the like;
disclosure of financial information
206M-22 Limitation on liability
206M-23 Hydrogen implementation coordinator
Part II. Hawaii Software Service Center--Repealed
206M-31 to 35 Repealed
Part III. Special Facility Revenue Bonds
206M-41 Definitions
206M-42 Powers
206M-43 Findings and determinations for special facility
leases
206M-44 Special facility lease
206M-45 Special facility revenue bonds
Part IV. High Technology Innovation
Corporation--Repealed
206M-51 to 59 Repealed
Note
Chapter heading amended by L 2017, c 69, §2.
L 2017, c 69, §9 provides:
"SECTION 9. This Act shall not affect the validity of any contract, lease, rule, other document, or appropriation that uses the term "high technology development corporation" or "high technology special fund.""
Hydrogen implementation working group (ceases to exist July 1, 2030). L 2015, c 98, §2.


This data binding technique creates a live connection with the backend and notify when ever data is required. Unlike Server Side Basic Data Binding, this approach allow you to push data from server to client. This can be used to bind dynamic data streams such as traffic, weather, analytics and etc which changes over time. This data binding approach internally use WebSockets to fetch data from server.
onDataBind: DropdownDataBindCallback<any>
Default Value: undefined
Target Component: <ng-dropdown>
Server side data bind functionality can be integrated via onDataBind callback function input property. Data source associated logic is decoupled from Ornamentum core module to make it data source agnostic.
Import DropdownResourceModule along with DropdownModule.
Within the target component use DropdownWebsocketResourceFactoryService to construct an instance of DropdownWebsocketDataFetchService<T> class. Initialize the the newly created instance of DropdownWebsocketDataFetchService<T> by invoking init method and call onDataBind to get the data bind callback function reference within ngOnInit lifecycle event handler or component constructor depending on your preference. Cleanup resources and destroy the established Web Socket connection by invoking dispose method on DropdownWebsocketDataFetchService<T> instance within ngOnDestroy lifecycle event handler.
Set the callback function reference to onDataBind dropdown input property.
WebSocket server (Your backend WebSocket API) should support following:
Server side and client side data binding can be implemented via a custom data provider as Ornamentum data sources are fully decoupled from component logic. Please refer Custom Data Provider for more information.


COVID-19 predictions of Katarína Boďová and Richard Kollár
Dashboards with predictions:
predictions overview with country selection and a slider
single country predictions with slider
overview of all countries on one long page
single country with multiple predictions in one graph
Visualizations of a COVID-19 stochastic model by Radoslav Harman
Heat map for
polynomial growth of total confirmed cases
exponential growth of total confirmed cases


JS, CSS and Image Feature Detection
JavaScript that detects JS, CSS and Images in the user's browser.
On page load, tests are made for each feature and classes added to the html element.
Download
Version 1.0 source, minified
Usage
Add a no-js class to the html element:
<html class="no-js">
Add the script – as high up as possible:
<script src="js-css-image-feature-detection-1.0.js"></script>
Script and style stuff based on the detected features:
<html class="js css images datauri">
Testing
Notes
The script's focus was to provide image detection as immediately as possible without the need insert an image
into the DOM, wait on images loading or produce extra http requests.
The script is just your regular JavaScript and relies on no other scripts or frameworks.
 And this is the starting point for the image detection used in this script.
I used the DataURI scheme to load a 1 pixel transparent image for browsers that support it, avoiding http requests, and for those that don't the onerror event is fired.
Beyond that it was about accommodating browsers that fall outside the norm.
Browser Compatibility
Yes means works as expected
- Android Browser
- 2.3.5, 4.1.2
- JS: Yes
- CSS: Couldn't find the CSS off switch
- Images: Yes
- DataURI: Yes
- Chrome
- 30
- JS: Yes
- CSS: Couldn't find the CSS off switch, but assume would work as Safari works
- Images: Yes
- DataURI: Yes
- Firefox
- 24
- JS: Yes
- CSS: Yes
- Images: Yes. Note that turning off images in Firefox turns off images loaded via URL so dataURI images still show, there is a bug report
- DataURI: Yes
- 3.6
- JS: Yes
- CSS: Yes
- Images: Couldn't find on/off
- DataURI: Yes
- IE
- 10 (and 7, 8 and 9 with Developer Toolbar)
- JS: Yes
- CSS: Yes
- Images: Yes
- DataURI: Yes
- 6, 7
- JS: Yes
- CSS: Yes
- Images: Yes
- DataURI: Yes (not supported in browser)
- Opera
- 17
- JS: Yes
- CSS: Couldn't find the CSS off switch, but as Opera is now Webkit I assume would work as Safari works
- Images: Yes
- DataURI: Yes
- 12.14, 11.64, 10.63
- JS: Yes
- CSS: Yes
- Images: Yes
- DataURI: ?
- Opera Mini
- 7 (online Simulator)
- JS: Couldn't find on/off
- CSS: Couldn't find on/off
- Images: No.  Caused by the onload event being called when images are on and off
- DataURI: Yes
- Opera Mobile
- 12 (emulator)
- JS: Couldn't find on/off
- CSS: Couldn't find on/off
- Images: Yes
- DataURI: Yes
- Safari
- 6
- JS: Yes
- CSS: Yes
- Images: Yes
- DataURI: Yes
Thanks
Three men walk into a bar, one falls over, a monkey swings triumphantly


|
Crawling
(Linkin' Park) |
|
Crawling
in my skin
These wounds, they will not heal Fear is how I fall Confusing what is real There's something inside me that pulls beneath the surface Consuming, confusing This lack of self control I fear is never ending Controlling I can't seem To find myself again My walls are closing in (Without a sense of confidence Iím convinced that thereís just too much pressure to take) I've felt this way before So insecure Chorus Discomfort, endlessly has pulled itself upon me Distracting, reacting Against my will I stand beside my own reflection It's haunting how I can't seem... To find myself again My walls are closing in (Without a sense of confidence Iím convinced that thereís just too much pressure to take) I've felt this way before So insecure Chorus (Repeat until end) There's something inside me that pulls beneath the surface Consuming, confusing This lack of self control I fear is never ending Controlling (Whispered during chorus) |


import time
import numpy as np
from scipy.sparse import linalg
from scipy.sparse.linalg import spsolve
[docs]def solve_cgs(k, f, m=None, tol=1e-5):
"""Solves a linear system of equations (Ku = f) using the CGS iterative
method.
:param k: N x N matrix of the linear system
:type k: :class:`scipy.sparse.csc_matrix`
:param f: N x 1 right hand side of the linear system
:type f: :class:`numpy.ndarray`
:param float tol: Tolerance for the solver to acheieve. The algorithm
terminates when either the relative or the absolute residual is below
tol.
:param m: Preconditioner for the linear matrix approximating the inverse
of k
:type m: :class:`scipy.linalg.LinearOperator`
:return: The solution vector to the linear system of equations
:rtype: :class:`numpy.ndarray`
:raises RuntimeError: If the CGS iterative method does not converge
"""
(u, exit) = linalg.cgs(k, f, tol=tol, M=m)
if (exit != 0):
raise RuntimeError("CGS iterative method did not converge.")
return u
[docs]def solve_cgs_lagrange(k_lg, f, tol=1e-5, m=None):
"""Solves a linear system of equations (Ku = f) using the CGS iterative
method and the Lagrangian multiplier method.
:param k: (N+1) x (N+1) Lagrangian multiplier matrix of the linear system
:type k: :class:`scipy.sparse.csc_matrix`
:param f: N x 1 right hand side of the linear system
:type f: :class:`numpy.ndarray`
:param float tol: Tolerance for the solver to acheieve. The algorithm
terminates when either the relative or the absolute residual is below
tol.
:param m: Preconditioner for the linear matrix approximating the inverse
of k
:type m: :class:`scipy.linalg.LinearOperator`
:return: The solution vector to the linear system of equations
:rtype: :class:`numpy.ndarray`
:raises RuntimeError: If the CGS iterative method does not converge or the
error from the Lagrangian multiplier method exceeds the tolerance
"""
(u, exit) = linalg.cgs(k_lg, np.append(f, 0), tol=tol, M=m)
if (exit != 0):
raise RuntimeError("CGS iterative method did not converge.")
# compute error
err = u[-1] / max(np.absolute(u))
if err > tol:
err = "Lagrangian multiplier method error exceeds tolerance."
raise RuntimeError(err)
return u[:-1]
[docs]def solve_direct(k, f):
"""Solves a linear system of equations (Ku = f) using the direct solver
method.
:param k: N x N matrix of the linear system
:type k: :class:`scipy.sparse.csc_matrix`
:param f: N x 1 right hand side of the linear system
:type f: :class:`numpy.ndarray`
:return: The solution vector to the linear system of equations
:rtype: :class:`numpy.ndarray`
"""
return spsolve(k, f)
[docs]def solve_direct_lagrange(k_lg, f):
"""Solves a linear system of equations (Ku = f) using the direct solver
method and the Lagrangian multiplier method.
:param k: (N+1) x (N+1) Lagrangian multiplier matrix of the linear system
:type k: :class:`scipy.sparse.csc_matrix`
:param f: N x 1 right hand side of the linear system
:type f: :class:`numpy.ndarray`
:return: The solution vector to the linear system of equations
:rtype: :class:`numpy.ndarray`
:raises RuntimeError: If the Lagrangian multiplier method exceeds a
tolerance of 1e-5
"""
u = spsolve(k_lg, np.append(f, 0))
# compute error
err = u[-1] / max(np.absolute(u))
if err > 1e-5:
err = "Lagrangian multiplier method error exceeds tolerance of 1e-5."
raise RuntimeError(err)
return u[:-1]
[docs]def function_timer(text, function, *args):
"""Displays the message *text* and returns the time taken for a
function, with arguments *args*, to execute. The value returned by the
timed function is also returned.
:param string text: Message to display
:param function: Function to time and execute
:type function: function
:param args: Function arguments
:return: Value returned from the function
"""
start_time = time.time()
if text != "":
print(text)
result = function(*args)
if text != "":
print("----completed in {0:.6f} seconds---".format(
time.time() - start_time))
return result


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Safari IT Books Language Constructs Functional Programming Haskell Safari IT Books Programming Programming Programming Bryan O'Sullivan Donald Bruce Stewart John Goerzen O'Reilly Media, Inc. Real World Haskell, 1st Edition10.5. Introducing FunctorsWe're by now thoroughly familiar with
the map function, which applies a
function to every element of a list, returning a list of possibly a
different type: ghci> map (+1) [1,2,3]
[2,3,4]
ghci> map show [1,2,3]
["1","2","3"]
ghci> :type map show
map show :: (Show a) => [a] -> [String] This map-like
activity can be useful in other instances. For example, consider a binary
tree: -- file: ch10/TreeMap.hs
data Tree a = Node (Tree a) (Tree a)
| Leaf a
deriving (Show)
If we want to take a tree of strings and turn it into a
tree containing the lengths of those strings, we could write a function to
do this: -- file: ch10/TreeMap.hs
treeLengths (Leaf s) = Leaf (length s)
treeLengths (Node l r) = Node (treeLengths l) (treeLengths r)
Now that our eyes are attuned to looking for patterns that
we can turn into generally useful functions, we can see a possible case of
this here: -- file: ch10/TreeMap.hs
treeMap :: (a -> b) -> Tree a -> Tree b
treeMap f (Leaf a) = Leaf (f a)
treeMap f (Node l r) = Node (treeMap f l) (treeMap f r)
As we might hope, treeLengths and treeMap length give the same results: ghci> let tree = Node (Leaf "foo") (Node (Leaf "x") (Leaf "quux"))ghci> treeLengths tree
Node (Leaf 3) (Node (Leaf 1) (Leaf 4))
ghci> treeMap length tree
Node (Leaf 3) (Node (Leaf 1) (Leaf 4))
ghci> treeMap (odd . length) tree
Node (Leaf True) (Node (Leaf True) (Leaf False)) Haskell provides a well-known typeclass to further
generalize treeMap. This typeclass is
named Functor, and it defines one function, fmap: -- file: ch10/TreeMap.hs
class Functor f where
fmap :: (a -> b) -> f a -> f b
We can think of fmap
as a kind of lifting function, as we introduced in Section 9.6.1.
It takes a function over ordinary values a -> b, and lifts
it to become a function over containers f a -> f b, where
f is the container type. If we substitute Tree for the type variable
f, for example, then the type of fmap is identical to the type of treeMap, and in fact we can use treeMap as the implementation of fmap over Trees: -- file: ch10/TreeMap.hs
instance Functor Tree where
fmap = treeMap
We can also use map
as the implementation of fmap for
lists: -- file: ch10/TreeMap.hs
instance Functor [] where
fmap = map
We can now use fmap
over different container types: ghci> fmap length ["foo","quux"]
[3,4]
ghci> fmap length (Node (Leaf "Livingstone") (Leaf "I presume"))
Node (Leaf 11) (Leaf 9) The Prelude defines instances of
Functor for several common types, notably lists and
Maybe: -- file: ch10/TreeMap.hs
instance Functor Maybe where
fmap _ Nothing = Nothing
fmap f (Just x) = Just (f x)
The instance for Maybe makes it particularly
clear what an fmap implementation
needs to do. The implementation must have a sensible behavior for each of
a type's constructors. If a value is wrapped in Just, for
example, the fmap implementation
calls the function on the unwrapped value, then rewraps it in
Just. The definition of Functor imposes a few
obvious restrictions on what we can do with fmap. For example, we can only make instances
of Functor from types that have
exactly one type parameter. We can't write an fmap implementation for Either a b
or (a, b), for example, because these have two type
parameters. We also can't write one for Bool or
Int, as they have no type parameters. In addition, we can't place any constraints on our type
definition. What does this mean? To illustrate, let's first look at a
normal data definition and its
Functor instance: -- file: ch10/ValidFunctor.hs
data Foo a = Foo a
instance Functor Foo where
fmap f (Foo a) = Foo (f a)
When we define a new type, we can add a type constraint
just after the data keyword as
follows: -- file: ch10/ValidFunctor.hs
data Eq a => Bar a = Bar a
instance Functor Bar where
fmap f (Bar a) = Bar (f a)
This says that we can only put a type a into a Foo if a is a member of the Eq typeclass.
However, the constraint renders it impossible to write a
Functor instance for Bar: ghci> :load ValidFunctor
[1 of 1] Compiling Main ( ValidFunctor.hs, interpreted )
ValidFunctor.hs:12:12:
Could not deduce (Eq a) from the context (Functor Bar)
arising from a use of `Bar' at ValidFunctor.hs:12:12-16
Possible fix:
add (Eq a) to the context of the type signature for `fmap'
In the pattern: Bar a
In the definition of `fmap': fmap f (Bar a) = Bar (f a)
In the definition for method `fmap'
ValidFunctor.hs:12:21:
Could not deduce (Eq b) from the context (Functor Bar)
arising from a use of `Bar' at ValidFunctor.hs:12:21-29
Possible fix:
add (Eq b) to the context of the type signature for `fmap'
In the expression: Bar (f a)
In the definition of `fmap': fmap f (Bar a) = Bar (f a)
In the definition for method `fmap'
Failed, modules loaded: none.
10.5.1. Constraints on Type Definitions Are BadAdding a constraint to a type definition is essentially never a good idea. It
has the effect of forcing you to add type constraints to
every function that will operate on values of that
type. Let's say that we need a stack data structure that we want to be
able to query to see whether its elements obey some ordering. Here's a
naive definition of the data type: -- file: ch10/TypeConstraint.hs
data (Ord a) => OrdStack a = Bottom
| Item a (OrdStack a)
deriving (Show)
If we want to write a function that checks the stack to
see whether it is increasing (i.e., every element is bigger than the
element below it), we'll obviously need an Ord constraint
to perform the pairwise comparisons: -- file: ch10/TypeConstraint.hs
isIncreasing :: (Ord a) => OrdStack a -> Bool
isIncreasing (Item a rest@(Item b _))
| a < b = isIncreasing rest
| otherwise = False
isIncreasing _ = True
However, because we wrote the type constraint on the
type definition, that constraint ends up infecting places where it isn't
needed. We need to add the Ord constraint to push, which does not care about the ordering
of elements on the stack: -- file: ch10/TypeConstraint.hs
push :: (Ord a) => a -> OrdStack a -> OrdStack a
push a s = Item a s
Try removing that Ord constraint, and the
definition of push will fail to
typecheck. This is why our attempt to write a Functor
instance for Bar failed earlier: it would have required an
Eq constraint to somehow get retroactively added to the
signature of fmap. Now that we've tentatively established that putting a
type constraint on a type definition is a misfeature of Haskell, what's
a more sensible alternative? The answer is simply to omit type
constraints from type definitions, and instead place them on the
functions that need them. In this example, we can drop the Ord
constraints from OrdStack and push. It needs to stay on isIncreasing, which otherwise couldn't call
(<). We now have the constraints
where they actually matter. This has the further benefit of making the
type signatures better document the true requirements of each
function. Most Haskell container types follow this pattern. The
Map type in the Data.Map module requires that
its keys be ordered, but the type itself does not have such a
constraint. The constraint is expressed on functions such as insert, where it's actually needed, and not
on size, where ordering isn't
used. 10.5.2. Infix Use of fmapQuite often, you'll see fmap called as
an operator: ghci> (1+) `fmap` [1,2,3] ++ [4,5,6]
[2,3,4,4,5,6]
Perhaps strangely, plain old map is almost never used in this way. One possible reason for the stickiness of the fmap-as-operator meme is that this use lets
us omit parentheses from its second argument. Fewer parentheses leads to
reduced mental juggling while reading a function: ghci> fmap (1+) ([1,2,3] ++ [4,5,6])
[2,3,4,5,6,7]
If you really want to use fmap as an operator, the
Control.Applicative module contains an operator (<$>)
that is an alias for fmap. The
$ in its name appeals to the similarity between applying a
function to its arguments (using the ($) operator) and lifting a function into a functor. We will see that
this works well for parsing when we return to the code that we have been
writing. 10.5.3. Flexible InstancesYou might hope that we could write a Functor instance for the
type Either Int b, which has one type parameter: -- file: ch10/EitherInt.hs
instance Functor (Either Int) where
fmap _ (Left n) = Left n
fmap f (Right r) = Right (f r)
However, the type system of Haskell 98 cannot guarantee
that checking the constraints on such an instance will terminate. A
nonterminating constraint check may send a compiler into an infinite
loop, so instances of this form are forbidden: ghci> :load EitherInt
[1 of 1] Compiling Main ( EitherInt.hs, interpreted )
EitherInt.hs:2:0:
Illegal instance declaration for `Functor (Either Int)'
(All instance types must be of the form (T a1 ... an)
where a1 ... an are type *variables*,
and each type variable appears at most once in the instance head.
Use -XFlexibleInstances if you want to disable this.)
In the instance declaration for `Functor (Either Int)'
Failed, modules loaded: none.
GHC has a
more powerful type system than the base Haskell 98 standard. It operates
in Haskell 98 compatibility mode by default, for maximal portability. We
can instruct it to allow more flexible instances using a special
compiler directive: -- file: ch10/EitherIntFlexible.hs
{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleInstances #-}
instance Functor (Either Int) where
fmap _ (Left n) = Left n
fmap f (Right r) = Right (f r)
The directive is embedded in the specially formatted
LANGUAGE pragma. With our Functor instance in hand, let's
try out fmap on Either
Int: ghci> :load EitherIntFlexible
[1 of 1] Compiling Main ( EitherIntFlexible.hs, interpreted )
Ok, modules loaded: Main.
ghci> fmap (== "cheeseburger") (Left 1 :: Either Int String)
Left 1
ghci> fmap (== "cheeseburger") (Right "fries" :: Either Int String)
Right False 10.5.4. Thinking More About FunctorsWe've made a few implicit assumptions about how functors ought to work. It's helpful to make
these explicit and to think of them as rules to follow, because this
lets us treat functors as uniform, well-behaved objects. We have only
two rules to remember, and they're simple: Our first rule is functors must preserve identity. That is, applying
fmap id to a value should give us back an identical
value: ghci> fmap id (Node (Leaf "a") (Leaf "b"))
Node (Leaf "a") (Leaf "b")
Our second rule is functors must be
composable. That is, composing two uses of fmap should give the same result as one
fmap with the same functions
composed: ghci> (fmap even . fmap length) (Just "twelve")
Just True
ghci> fmap (even . length) (Just "twelve")
Just True
Another way of looking at these two rules is that
functors must preserve shape. The structure of a collection should not be affected by a
functor; only the values that it contains should change: ghci> fmap odd (Just 1)
Just True
ghci> fmap odd Nothing
Nothing If you're writing a Functor instance, it's
useful to keep these rules in mind, and indeed to test them, because the
compiler can't check the rules we've just listed. On the other hand, if
you're simply using functors, the rules are
"natural" enough that there's no need to memorize them.
They just formalize a few intuitive notions of "do what I mean." Here is
a pseudocode representation of the expected behavior: -- file: ch10/FunctorLaws.hs
fmap id == id
fmap (f . g) == fmap f . fmap g
|


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Espargaro: Zarco doesn't deserve factory Honda MotoGP ride in 2020
by David Gruz, Lewis DuncanAleix Espargaro says that Johann Zarco doesn't deserve the factory Honda MotoGP ride he's been linked to and would rather see Alex Marquez join his brother Marc at the team.
Jorge Lorenzo's retirement has freed up the second works Honda bike alongside Marquez, with Cal Crutchlow, Zarco and Alex Marquez all emerging as potential candidates.
Alex Marquez has since become the favourite to get the nod by Honda, with a possible announcement rumoured to be scheduled soon after the Valencia GP season finale.
Aprilia rider Espargaro agreed that Honda should pick Marquez over Zarco, who "doesn't deserve anything" after showing an 'unprofessional' attitude towards KTM this year.
Zarco joined the factory KTM team this year but decided to quit the team part-way through the first season of his two-year deal, having struggled to adapt to the bike.
He then covered for LCR Honda's injured Takaaki Nakagami in the final three races of the calendar, suffering accidents in two of them.
"Many people say that Zarco deserves that bike, for me that is not true," said Espargaro.
"For me, if Zarco deserves that bike, [my brother] Pol and me deserve it 10 times more. I think if the Moto2 world champion [Alex Marquez] goes there, more than welcome, and I think he deserves it.
"[Zarco] doesn't deserve anything. The attitude he showed this year, for me, is not a professional attitude.
"The people in Aprilia know how many times I cry last year and this year but this is our job and life, a lot of people behind us with a lot of families are working very hard, a lot people are putting a lot of money in the projects.
"To stop and say 'this bike is s**t, I go home', for me he doesn't deserve to go to the best bike and best team in the world. It is just my opinion."
Espargaro reckons that the Marquez brothers teaming up would be the best outcome, but doesn't think that he and his brother Pol becoming teammates would be similarly fruitful.
"I think the situation with Marquez brothers is completely different [to ours], one is the best rider of the history with many titles, Honda is his home.
"His brother is younger, never been in MotoGP.
"Pol and me are similar level, similar places with different manufacturers so I think it is better how it is.
"If at the end Honda decide to take [Alex] Marquez, I think is the best decision, I would do the same because he is the Moto2 world champion.
"Also, Marc would be happy."


Robin, Terry & Bob Robin, Terry & Bob return home to 97.3FM in 2020 to share in connections, conversations and more with Brisbane audiences each weekday morning. After over 10 years together already, Robin, Terry & Bob have proven their chemistry and bond that listeners thr...
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The Order of Interfaces Is Important for Casting Performance – Thomas Claudius Huber Recently there was a discussion in a Pull Request for the .NET runtime on GitHub. In the discussion it was mentioned by Jan Kotas from Microsoft that the order of interfaces is important for the casting performance. I never heard of that, and looks I'm no...
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Tip 254 - Use WAF to protect your web applications with Azure Front Door When you run an application on the web, it is going to be attacked. Your website will be attacked with SQL Injection attacks, Cross-site scripting attacks and every other attack in the OWASP top 10 and beyond. You need to protect your application from the...
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- omnibox_title_section - Static variable in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.R.id
-
- omnibox_url_section - Static variable in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.R.id
-
- onActivityResult(int, int, Intent) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Activities.CreateMoodActivity
-
This handles the results of the add photo activity
- onActivityResult(int, int, Intent) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Activities.EditMoodActivity
-
Returns the activity and the results.
- onActivityResult(int, int, Intent) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Activities.MainActivity
-
accept returned information from activities
requestCode 0 = Add mood
requestCode 1 = View mood -- resultCode 2 = delete, 3 = Edit Mood
requestCode 2 = Edit Mood
requestCode 3 = User's followList may have changed
- onActivityResult(int, int, Intent) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Activities.ViewMoodActivity
-
This should no longer be used as we no longer delete or edit moods from viewing them
requestCode 0 = Add mood
requestCode 1 = View mood -- resultCode 2 = delete, 3 = Edit Mood
requestCode 2 = Edit Mood
- onActivityResult(int, int, Intent) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Activities.ViewProfileActivity
-
- onClick(View) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Objects.DatePickerEditText
-
On clicking the date, bring up the date picker.
- onContextItemSelected(MenuItem) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Activities.MainActivity
-
This method handles long presses on an item.
- onCreate(Bundle) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Activities.CreateMoodActivity
-
Sets all the ui elements when the create mood activity is created
- onCreate(Bundle) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Activities.EditMoodActivity
-
- onCreate(Bundle) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Activities.LoginActivity
-
- onCreate(Bundle) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Activities.MainActivity
-
- onCreate(Bundle) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Activities.MapActivity
-
- onCreate(Bundle) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Activities.ViewMoodActivity
-
- onCreate(Bundle) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Activities.ViewNotificationsActivity
-
- onCreate(Bundle) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Activities.ViewOtherProfileActivity
-
Initial set up on creation including setting up references, adapters, and readying the search
button.
- onCreate(Bundle) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Activities.ViewProfileActivity
-
Initial set up on creation including setting up references, adapters, and readying the search
button.
- onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu, View, ContextMenu.ContextMenuInfo) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Activities.MainActivity
-
Taken from
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/17207366/creating-a-menu-after-a-long-click-event-on-a-list-view
on 2/5/2017
- onCreateDialog(Bundle) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Objects.PermissionUtils.PermissionDeniedDialog
-
- onCreateDialog(Bundle) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Objects.PermissionUtils.RationaleDialog
-
- onDateSet(DatePicker, int, int, int) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Objects.DatePickerEditText
-
Updates the views date.
- onDestroy() - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Activities.MainActivity
-
Clean up when the activity finishes.
- onDismiss(DialogInterface) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Objects.PermissionUtils.PermissionDeniedDialog
-
- onDismiss(DialogInterface) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Objects.PermissionUtils.RationaleDialog
-
- onDraw(Canvas) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Objects.MyListView
-
Handles the drawing of the list view when it is updated
- onInfoWindowClick(Marker) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Activities.MapActivity
-
Shows mood view activity on info window click
- onLocationChanged(Location) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Activities.GPSTracker
-
These functions are empty and unused
The interface required them
- onMapReady(GoogleMap) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Activities.MapActivity
-
Handles everything
- onProviderDisabled(String) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Activities.GPSTracker
-
- onProviderEnabled(String) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Activities.GPSTracker
-
- onReceive(Context, Intent) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Objects.NetWorkChangeReceiver
-
- onRequestPermissionsResult(int, String[], int[]) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Activities.MapActivity
-
Ensures it has the proper locations
- onRequestPermissionsResult(int, String[], int[]) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Activities.ViewProfileActivity
-
- onResumeFragments() - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Activities.MapActivity
-
Came with the interface
- onScroll(AbsListView, int, int, int) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Objects.EndlessScrollListener
-
- onScrollStateChanged(AbsListView, int) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Objects.EndlessScrollListener
-
- onStart() - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Activities.ViewOtherProfileActivity
-
This method is called as soon as the activity starts,
- onStart() - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Activities.ViewProfileActivity
-
This method is called as soon as the activity starts,
- onStatusChanged(String, int, Bundle) - Method in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.Activities.GPSTracker
-
- overlapAnchor - Static variable in class com.projectattitude.projectattitude.R.attr
-
Must be a boolean value, either "true
" or "false
".


You know the easiest way to put a smile on my face is to help others ?
So contribute whatever you can.
For downloading audio , video files , playlists of both video and audio , from a valid {{ download_location }} at the best quality out there.


This allows us to work around bugs in the implementation of these kinds of data members in the Microsoft Visual C++ compilers (especially when dlls are involved it is difficult to get only one definition of the data member to be generated).
Because of these bugs a common pattern for windows programmers is to put the initialization in the header file and leave out the definition in the implementation file, which prevents the dictionary from taking the address of the data member (since it has none), so we change to use only the value, not the address.
Unfortunately the C++ standard explicitly allows these kind of data members to have no definition if they are not used in the program, see section 9.4.2 paragraph 4 of ISO/IEC 14882:1998(E).
In the case where a data member of this kind is not initialized in the header file and there is no definition in the source file, a link time error will be generated by the dictionary file.
Note that this is caused by the programmer forgetting to define the data member, but the error is usually hidden until code attempts to use it, which the dictionary must do.


There is a power imbalance between the producer, the supplier and the consumer: suppliers cannot blindly be trusted by consumers on the origin of products.
ProvAR propose to give that trust back.
Together we initiated the idea during the Re-Hack one day-and-a-half hackathon organized by Unilever UK, and we are now pursuing the journey from proof-of-concept stage to prototyping.


--- title: R Functional Programming author: Lei Yan date: '2019-01-16' slug: r-functional-programming categories: - R tags: - Functional Programming ---
下面是一些常用的函数
map()
map2()
pmap()
invoke_map()
safely()
: 使函数变得安全transpose()
: 使一个list的最内层变成最外层，这个函数可以使result
，error
，变成最外层列表，方便后面处理。walk()
: operates just like map()
except it’s designed for functions that don’t return anything. You use walk()
for functions with side effects like printing, plotting or saving.walk2()
: just like map2()
pwalk()
: just like pmap()
flatten_char()
:library(purrr)
# Define list of functions
funs <- list(Normal = "rnorm", Uniform = "runif", Exp = "rexp")
# Define params
params <- list(
Normal = list(mean = 10),
Uniform = list(min = 0, max = 5),
Exp = list(rate = 5)
)
# Assign the simulated samples to sims
sims <- invoke_map(funs, params, n = 50)


element.parentElement; element.child -- a HTML DOM Collection Array.prototype.slice.call(element.child).indexOf(element) Array.from(element.child)
This is p one
This is p two
This is p three
This is p three
This is p one
This is p two
This is p three
This is p three


{% extends "site_base.html" %} {% load i18n %} {% block title %}{% trans "Registration form complete" %}{% endblock %} {% block content %}
{% trans "Activation email was sent to your address. Follow instruction withim to complete registration" %}
{% endblock %}