PERL592DELTA
Section: Perl Programmers Reference Guide (1)Updated: 2009-02-12
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
perl592delta - what is new for perl v5.9.2DESCRIPTION
This document describes differences between the 5.9.1 and the 5.9.2 development releases. See perl590delta and perl591delta for the differences between 5.8.0 and 5.9.1.Incompatible Changes
Packing and UTF-8 strings
The semantics of pack() and unpack() regarding UTF-8-encoded data has been changed. Processing is now by default character per character instead of byte per byte on the underlying encoding. Notably, code that used things like "pack("a*", $string)" to see through the encoding of string will now simply get back the original $string. Packed strings can also get upgraded during processing when you store upgraded characters. You can get the old behaviour by using "use bytes".To be consistent with pack(), the "C0" in unpack() templates indicates that the data is to be processed in character mode, i.e. character by character; on the contrary, "U0" in unpack() indicates UTF-8 mode, where the packed string is processed in its UTF-8-encoded Unicode form on a byte by byte basis. This is reversed with regard to perl 5.8.X.
Moreover, "C0" and "U0" can also be used in pack() templates to specify respectively character and byte modes.
"C0" and "U0" in the middle of a pack or unpack format now switch to the specified encoding mode, honoring parens grouping. Previously, parens were ignored.
Also, there is a new pack() character format, "W", which is intended to replace the old "C". "C" is kept for unsigned chars coded as bytes in the strings internal representation. "W" represents unsigned (logical) character values, which can be greater than 255. It is therefore more robust when dealing with potentially UTF-8-encoded data (as "C" will wrap values outside the range 0..255, and not respect the string encoding).
In practice, that means that pack formats are now encoding-neutral, except "C".
For consistency, "A" in unpack() format now trims all Unicode whitespace from the end of the string. Before perl 5.9.2, it used to strip only the classical ASCII space characters.
Miscellaneous
The internal dump output has been improved, so that non-printable characters such as newline and backspace are output in "\x" notation, rather than octal.The -C option can no longer be used on the "#!" line. It wasn't working there anyway.
Core Enhancements
Malloc wrapping
Perl can now be built to detect attempts to assign pathologically large chunks of memory. Previously such assignments would suffer from integer wrap-around during size calculations causing a misallocation, which would crash perl, and could theoretically be used for ``stack smashing'' attacks. The wrapping defaults to enabled on platforms where we know it works (most AIX configurations, BSDi, Darwin, DEC OSF/1, FreeBSD, HP-UX, GNU Linux, OpenBSD, Solaris, VMS and most Win32 compilers) and defaults to disabled on other platforms.Unicode Character Database 4.0.1
The copy of the Unicode Character Database included in Perl 5.9 has been updated to 4.0.1 from 4.0.0.suidperl less insecure
Paul Szabo has analysed and patched "suidperl" to remove existing known insecurities. Currently there are no known holes in "suidperl", but previous experience shows that we cannot be confident that these were the last. You may no longer invoke the set uid perl directly, so to preserve backwards compatibility with scripts that invoke #!/usr/bin/suidperl the only set uid binary is now "sperl5.9."n ("sperl5.9.2" for this release). "suidperl" is installed as a hard link to "perl"; both "suidperl" and "perl" will invoke "sperl5.9.2" automatically the set uid binary, so this change should be completely transparent.For new projects the core perl team would strongly recommend that you use dedicated, single purpose security tools such as "sudo" in preference to "suidperl".
PERLIO_DEBUG
The "PERLIO_DEBUG" environment variable has no longer any effect for setuid scripts and for scripts run with -T.Moreover, with a thread-enabled perl, using "PERLIO_DEBUG" could lead to an internal buffer overflow. This has been fixed.
Formats
In addition to bug fixes, "format"'s features have been enhanced. See perlform.Unicode Character Classes
Perl's regular expression engine now contains support for matching on the intersection of two Unicode character classes. You can also now refer to user-defined character classes from within other user defined character classes.Byte-order modifiers for pack() and unpack()
There are two new byte-order modifiers, ">" (big-endian) and "<" (little-endian), that can be appended to most pack() and unpack() template characters and groups to force a certain byte-order for that type or group. See ``pack'' in perlfunc and perlpacktut for details.Byte count feature in pack()
A new pack() template character, ".", returns the number of characters read so far.New variables
A new variable, ${^RE_DEBUG_FLAGS}, controls what debug flags are in effect for the regular expression engine when running under "use re "debug"". See re for details.A new variable ${^UTF8LOCALE} indicates where an UTF-8 locale was detected by perl at startup.
Modules and Pragmata
New modules
- *
- "encoding::warnings", by Audrey Tang, is a module to emit warnings whenever an ASCII character string containing high-bit bytes is implicitly converted into UTF-8.
- *
- "Module::CoreList", by Richard Clamp, is a small handy module that tells you what versions of core modules ship with any versions of Perl 5. It comes with a command-line frontend, "corelist".
Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
Dual-lived modules have been updated to be kept up-to-date with respect to CPAN.The dual-lived modules which contain an "_" in their version number are actually ahead of the corresponding CPAN release.
- B::Concise
- "B::Concise" was significantly improved.
- Socket
- There is experimental support for Linux abstract Unix domain sockets.
- Sys::Syslog
- "syslog()" can now use numeric constants for facility names and priorities, in addition to strings.
- threads
- Detached threads are now also supported on Windows.
Utility Changes
- *
- The "corelist" utility is now installed with perl (see ``New modules'' above).
- *
- "h2ph" and "h2xs" have been made a bit more robust with regard to ``modern'' C code.
- *
- Several bugs have been fixed in "find2perl", regarding "-exec" and "-eval". Also the options "-path", "-ipath" and "-iname" have been added.
- *
-
The Perl debugger can now save all debugger commands for sourcing later;
notably, it can now emulate stepping backwards, by restarting and
rerunning all bar the last command from a saved command history.
It can also display the parent inheritance tree of a given class.
Perl has a new -dt command-line flag, which enables threads support in the debugger.
Performance Enhancements
- *
- Unicode case mappings ("/i", "lc", "uc", etc) are faster.
- *
- "@a = sort @a" was optimized to do in-place sort. Likewise, "reverse sort ..." is now optimized to sort in reverse, avoiding the generation of a temporary intermediate list.
- *
-
Unnecessary assignments are optimised away in
my $s = undef; my @a = (); my %h = ();
- *
- "map" in scalar context is now optimized.
- *
- The regexp engine now implements the trie optimization : it's able to factorize common prefixes and suffixes in regular expressions. A new special variable, ${^RE_TRIE_MAXBUF}, has been added to fine-tune this optimization.
Installation and Configuration Improvements
Run-time customization of @INC can be enabled by passing the "-Dusesitecustomize" flag to configure. When enabled, this will make perl run $sitelibexp/sitecustomize.pl before anything else. This script can then be set up to add additional entries to @INC.There is alpha support for relocatable @INC entries.
Perl should build on Interix and on GNU/kFreeBSD.
Selected Bug Fixes
Most of those bugs were reported in the perl 5.8.x maintenance track. Notably, quite a few utf8 bugs were fixed, and several memory leaks were suppressed. The perl58Xdelta manpages have more details on them.Development-only bug fixes include :
$Foo::_ was wrongly forced as $main::_.
New or Changed Diagnostics
A new warning, "!=~ should be !~", is emitted to prevent this misspelling of the non-matching operator.The warning Newline in left-justified string has been removed.
The error Too late for ``-T'' option has been reformulated to be more descriptive.
There is a new compilation error, Illegal declaration of subroutine, for an obscure case of syntax errors.
The diagnostic output of Carp has been changed slightly, to add a space after the comma between arguments. This makes it much easier for tools such as web browsers to wrap it, but might confuse any automatic tools which perform detailed parsing of Carp output.
"perl -V" has several improvements, making it more useable from shell scripts to get the value of configuration variables. See perlrun for details.
Changed Internals
The perl core has been refactored and reorganised in several places. In short, this release will not be binary compatible with any previous perl release.Known Problems
For threaded builds, ext/threads/shared/t/wait.t has been reported to fail some tests on HP-UX 10.20.Net::Ping might fail some tests on HP-UX 11.00 with the latest OS upgrades.
t/io/dup.t, t/io/open.t and lib/ExtUtils/t/Constant.t fail some tests on some BSD flavours.
Plans for the next release
The current plan for perl 5.9.3 is to add CPANPLUS as a core module. More regular expression optimizations are also in the works.It is planned to release a development version of perl more frequently, i.e. each time something major changes.
Reporting Bugs
If you find what you think is a bug, you might check the articles recently posted to the comp.lang.perl.misc newsgroup and the perl bug database at http://bugs.perl.org/ . There may also be information at http://www.perl.org/ , the Perl Home Page.If you believe you have an unreported bug, please run the perlbug program included with your release. Be sure to trim your bug down to a tiny but sufficient test case. Your bug report, along with the output of "perl -V", will be sent off to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>to be analysed by the Perl porting team.
SEE ALSO
The Changes file for exhaustive details on what changed.The INSTALL file for how to build Perl.
The README file for general stuff.
The Artistic and Copying files for copyright information.
Index
- NAME
- DESCRIPTION
- Incompatible Changes
- Core Enhancements
- Modules and Pragmata
- Utility Changes
- Performance Enhancements
- Installation and Configuration Improvements
- Selected Bug Fixes
- New or Changed Diagnostics
- Changed Internals
- Known Problems
- Plans for the next release
- Reporting Bugs
- SEE ALSO
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:29:07 GMT, December 24, 2015


How to make vertical taskbar's resizable smooth, not jumpy.
Resize the taskbar on the left to see the smooth resize.
For comparision, taskbar on the right is resizable with default settings.


{% comment %} Include template for bulkfileupload fields. Template context variables: hiddenfieldname (required) Name of the hidden field used to submit the collection ID. singlemode (optional) If this is ``True``, we only allow a single file to be added to the collection. accept (optional) {% endcomment %} {% load i18n %} {% load cradmin_legacy_icon_tags %}
{% if dropbox_text %} {{ dropbox_text }} {% else %} {% if singlemode %} {% trans "Upload a file by dragging and dropping it here" %} {% else %} {% trans "Upload files by dragging and dropping them here" %} {% endif %} {% endif %}
{% endblock cradmin-legacy-bulkfileupload-dropbox-text %} {% block fileselectbutton-advanced %} {% endblock fileselectbutton-advanced %}


Back to Teaching Page
FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING LABORATORIES
Recursion; Tail recursion Laboratory 4 Extra-Homework-2
Sorting algorithms (recursive and tail recursive) Laboratory 5
Iterativity Laboratory 6
TEST
Lambda expressions, Circular lists, Mapping Laboratory 8
Laboratory 9
Laboratory 10
Laboratory 11
Laboratory 12 -- A part of the game 2048 ( The solution :) )
Macros, Revision Laboratory 13
TEST
Meetings (in case you have questions)
The deadline for extra-homework-2 is 3rd April 2014 !
Bibliography
-
- Functional Programming Lectures online (Lecturer: Mircea Marin)
- H. Abelson, G. J. Sussman, J. Sussman - Structure and Interpretation
of Computer Programs, Secon edition, MIT Press,
1996
- B. Harvey, M. Wright - Simply Scheme. Introducing Computer
Science, second edition, MIT, 1999.
- D. Friedman, M. Wand, C. Hayes - Essentials of Programming
Languages, second edition, MIT, 2001.


With React, it’s easy to track the flow of data through your React components. When you look at a component, you can see which props are being passed, which makes your apps easy to reason about.
In some cases, you want to pass data through the component tree without having to pass the props down manually at every level. You can do this directly in React with the powerful “context” API.
A Higher Order Component is just a React Component that wraps another one.
You can read, add, edit and remove the props that are being passed to the WrappedComponent.
You can access this (the instance of the WrappedComponent) with a ref
This can be used for reading/adding instance props and to call instance methods.
You can abstract state by providing props and callbacks to the WrappedComponent
You can wrap the WrappedComponent with other components and elements for styling, layout or other purposes.
Redux attempts to make state mutations predictable by imposing certain restrictions on how and when updates can happen.
The state of your whole application is stored in an object tree within a single store.
The only way to change the state is to emit an action, an object describing what happened.
To specify how the state tree is transformed by actions, you write pure reducers.


The Proposal: The Art of Power is a large-scale art exhibition of
industrial models of power technologies, 1950-2050. Three-dimensional
models will be selected from among the following energy sources: fossil
fuel, hydroelectric, nuclear, solar, wind, biomass, and ethanol. The
show will include models of large industrial sites, including power
plants and wind farms, as well as prototypes of energy-related
objects. By tracing the evolution of model-building in the fields
of engineering design and power technology, the exhibit will highlight
an undocumented period in the history of industrial design while giving
the art-viewing public a glimpse into the future of energy production.
The Context: New York MOMA’s Machine Art show of 1934 forever altered
the public’s perception of fine art by exhibiting familiar industrial
objects, including a plane propeller and a ball bearing—as art. It also
created a modernist machine aesthetic of singular objects with smooth,
sleek bodies that continue to influence product design today.
The Art of Power will introduce a new machine aesthetic of incredible
visual density, expressed as a complex layering and interweaving of
colorful tubular forms. The exhibit’s multi-sensory environment will
enhance the wonder and excitement generated by these awe-inspiring
infrastructures of technologies the viewing public might never have the
opportunity to see otherwise.
The Aesthetic: The pieces will be chosen for their formal beauty and
for the dramatic sense impressions they inspire, especially in relation
to scale. In the body of the exhibit viewers might pass between
segments of turbine and auxiliary units towering above their heads.
These large-scale ‘miniatures’ will evoke the monumentality of the
sites they represent.
At the same time, these marvels of verisimilitude (as novel and
engaging in the 21st century as trompe l’oeil painting was in the 19th)
will bring charm and comprehensibility to the controversial
technologies that empower and enable our lives.
Social Goal: Insofar as Computer Aided Design (CAD) technology has superceded model-building as
the primary design tool, these industrial models reinforce the value of
hand-crafted labor that is fast disappearing in our increasingly
computer-generated world.
To preview future technologies, the exhibit will also include a sensory
experience of the digital design process, in the form of human-size
holographs of Computer Aided Designs.
Fossil Fuel Plant 1
Fossil Fuel Plant 2
Diana Chace, art collector and industrial model builder, holds an interdisciplinary degree from Vassar College in Art History, Anthropology, and Theatre Set Design.
After college, Ms. Chace apprenticed at Architectural Models, Inc. in San Francisco, building plexi-glass presentation models, including studies for solar-paneled homes. She then worked in-house at HOK Architects and at Bullfield, Volkmann, Stockwell, making board and paper models of office buildings. At Bechtel Power she expanded her practice to include industrial design, where she refined her craft by constructing models of nuclear power and fossil fuel plants. She then worked for Chevron and Kaiser, continuing to build check-design models of large industrial sites, including a Mining and Metallurgical and an Orthene plant. Chace capped her fifteen-year model-building career by constructing one of the first architectural miniatures of George Lucas's Skywalker ranch.
During the late 1980's Chace turned her attention to art. Working closely with the Asian Art Museum, she became a formidable collector of Southeast Asian and Indonesian art and artifacts. On her frequent trips to Asia she also took photographs of pagodas, palaces, ritual tools, and people at work. These ethnographic studies became the basis of a film she made in 1990 that provides viewers of her collection with a moving cultural record of the sources of her interest in eastern art. Chace frequently gives public tours of her artworks, as well as informal talks.
Her dual career as an industrial model builder and Asian art collector has inspired Ms. Chace to produce a large-scale museum exhibition of industrial models of power technologies. Her hands-on experience with these models has given her a unique understanding for a significant period in the history of industrial design.
If you have knowledge of industrial models (nuclear, electric, fossil fuel, solar, wind, etc), particularly of large industrial sites built in the latter half of the twentieth century, please contact:
Diana Chace ~ dkchace@artofpower.org


Contact
Authored By: Jason Molisani
Feel free to email the author by using the hyperlink in the author name.
Customized version of the dragon design in More 3D Origami
Feel free to email the author by using the hyperlink in the author name.
Customized version of the dragon design in More 3D Origami


I have been taking ~0.75mg Xanax twice daily for about 2.5 years now, it helps alot with my general and social anxiety. My dodctor suggested switching to Librium as it is longer acting with less 'addiction' potential.  I got up to do my normal routine but instead of taking my 0.75mg Xanax as I have been up until yesterday I took 25mg Librium.
About a half an hour later I started feeling a growing anxiety and tension. I was uncertain whether this was because Librium takes longer to kick in or because that Librium dose was not equivalent to the Xanax dose. (After looking it up I found that 25mg Librium is equal to 0.5mg Xanax, but the doses are close enough that the level of anxiety I was experiencing seems unusual to just be due to the minor discrepency in dosage.) Another thing to note is that I often forget to take my Xanax *exactly* on time and depending on the day I might not feel 'withdrawal' effects for up to 1.5-5 hours later. So it seems unlikely to me that the anxiety I was feeling could be due entirely to missing my Xanax dose and I was pondering whether it was possible that the anxiety was a direct effect of the Librium, as unlikely as that seems.
As the day went on the anxiety and tension increased and I also started feeling jittery and dysphoric. Things just kept getting worse as I started feeling irritable, mild anger, and overall loss of interest in doing anything. This all went on for about three hours until I decided I had enough and took 0.5mg Xanax, that was about 20min ago and I have yet to be sure if it has any effect, so far the only difference I feel now versus prior to taking the Xanax is mild exhaustion, which could just be a result of the axniety.
Which of the effects I experienced were a direct result of the Librium and which were a result of the absence of my daily Xanax dose I will never be able to determine for sure. What I know for sure about Librium is that it is NOT a substitute for Xanax. I therefore hypothesize that different benzodiazepines can vary widely in their subjective effects, despite them often being lumped together and seen as very similar in activity with the only difference being onset and length of action. (My experience with Klonopin further substantiates this hypothesis as Klonopin induced a heavy depression after several months of taking it, an effect I have never had with Xanax.) As I wrap up this report I should note that the 0.5mg Xanax taken ~30min ago seems to be calming me down and lifting my mood so I will stick to my Xanax and forget Librium as it seems useless for me.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Adobe Greek Character Sets
| Adobe Greek 1 | Adobe Greek 2 |
Adobe Greek 2
Total number of characters: 314
Number of characters added (to Adobe Greek 1): 241
| Unicode | Character | Glyph name | Character name | Added |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0342 | ͂ | uni0342 | COMBINING GREEK PERISPOMENI | • |
| 0343 | ̓ | uni0343 | COMBINING GREEK KORONIS | • |
| 0344 | ̈́ | uni0344 | COMBINING GREEK DIALYTIKA TONOS | • |
| 0345 | ͅ | uni0345 | COMBINING GREEK YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 0374 | ʹ | uni0374 | GREEK NUMERAL SIGN | • |
| 0375 | ͵ | uni0375 | GREEK LOWER NUMERAL SIGN | • |
| 037A | ͺ | uni037A | GREEK YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 037E | ; | uni037E | GREEK QUESTION MARK | |
| 0384 | ΄ | tonos | GREEK TONOS | |
| 0385 | ΅ | dieresistonos | GREEK DIALYTIKA TONOS | |
| 0386 | Ά | Alphatonos | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH TONOS | |
| 0387 | · | anoteleia | GREEK ANO TELEIA | |
| 0388 | Έ | Epsilontonos | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH TONOS | |
| 0389 | Ή | Etatonos | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH TONOS | |
| 038A | Ί | Iotatonos | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH TONOS | |
| 038C | Ό | Omicrontonos | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH TONOS | |
| 038E | Ύ | Upsilontonos | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH TONOS | |
| 038F | Ώ | Omegatonos | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH TONOS | |
| 0390 | ΐ | iotadieresistonos | GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA AND TONOS | |
| 0391 | Α | Alpha | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA | |
| 0392 | Β | Beta | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER BETA | |
| 0393 | Γ | Gamma | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER GAMMA | |
| 0394 | Δ | uni0394 | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA | |
| 0395 | Ε | Epsilon | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON | |
| 0396 | Ζ | Zeta | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ZETA | |
| 0397 | Η | Eta | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA | |
| 0398 | Θ | Theta | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER THETA | |
| 0399 | Ι | Iota | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA | |
| 039A | Κ | Kappa | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER KAPPA | |
| 039B | Λ | Lambda | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER LAMDA | |
| 039C | Μ | Mu | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER MU | |
| 039D | Ν | Nu | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER NU | |
| 039E | Ξ | Xi | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER XI | |
| 039F | Ο | Omicron | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON | |
| 03A0 | Π | Pi | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PI | |
| 03A1 | Ρ | Rho | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER RHO | |
| 03A3 | Σ | Sigma | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SIGMA | |
| 03A4 | Τ | Tau | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER TAU | |
| 03A5 | Υ | Upsilon | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON | |
| 03A6 | Φ | Phi | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PHI | |
| 03A7 | Χ | Chi | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER CHI | |
| 03A8 | Ψ | Psi | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PSI | |
| 03A9 | Ω | uni03A9 | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA | |
| 03AA | Ϊ | Iotadieresis | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA | |
| 03AB | Ϋ | Upsilondieresis | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA | |
| 03AC | ά | alphatonos | GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH TONOS | |
| 03AD | έ | epsilontonos | GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH TONOS | |
| 03AE | ή | etatonos | GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH TONOS | |
| 03AF | ί | iotatonos | GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH TONOS | |
| 03B0 | ΰ | upsilondieresistonos | GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA AND TONOS | |
| 03B1 | α | alpha | GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA | |
| 03B2 | β | beta | GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA | |
| 03B3 | γ | gamma | GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA | |
| 03B4 | δ | delta | GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA | |
| 03B5 | ε | epsilon | GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON | |
| 03B6 | ζ | zeta | GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA | |
| 03B7 | η | eta | GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA | |
| 03B8 | θ | theta | GREEK SMALL LETTER THETA | |
| 03B9 | ι | iota | GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA | |
| 03BA | κ | kappa | GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA | |
| 03BB | λ | lambda | GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA | |
| 03BC | μ | uni03BC | GREEK SMALL LETTER MU | |
| 03BD | ν | nu | GREEK SMALL LETTER NU | |
| 03BE | ξ | xi | GREEK SMALL LETTER XI | |
| 03BF | ο | omicron | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON | |
| 03C0 | π | pi | GREEK SMALL LETTER PI | |
| 03C1 | ρ | rho | GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO | |
| 03C2 | ς | uni03C2 | GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA | |
| 03C3 | σ | sigma | GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA | |
| 03C4 | τ | tau | GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU | |
| 03C5 | υ | upsilon | GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON | |
| 03C6 | φ | phi | GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI | |
| 03C7 | χ | chi | GREEK SMALL LETTER CHI | |
| 03C8 | ψ | psi | GREEK SMALL LETTER PSI | |
| 03C9 | ω | omega | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA | |
| 03CA | ϊ | iotadieresis | GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA | |
| 03CB | ϋ | upsilondieresis | GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA | |
| 03CC | ό | omicrontonos | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH TONOS | |
| 03CD | ύ | upsilontonos | GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH TONOS | |
| 03CE | ώ | omegatonos | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH TONOS | |
| 03D7 | ϗ | uni03D7 | GREEK KAI SYMBOL | • |
| 1F00 | ἀ | uni1F00 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI | • |
| 1F01 | ἁ | uni1F01 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA | • |
| 1F02 | ἂ | uni1F02 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND VARIA | • |
| 1F03 | ἃ | uni1F03 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND VARIA | • |
| 1F04 | ἄ | uni1F04 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND OXIA | • |
| 1F05 | ἅ | uni1F05 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND OXIA | • |
| 1F06 | ἆ | uni1F06 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI | • |
| 1F07 | ἇ | uni1F07 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI | • |
| 1F08 | Ἀ | uni1F08 | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI | • |
| 1F09 | Ἁ | uni1F09 | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA | • |
| 1F0A | Ἂ | uni1F0A | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND VARIA | • |
| 1F0B | Ἃ | uni1F0B | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND VARIA | • |
| 1F0C | Ἄ | uni1F0C | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND OXIA | • |
| 1F0D | Ἅ | uni1F0D | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND OXIA | • |
| 1F0E | Ἆ | uni1F0E | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI | • |
| 1F0F | Ἇ | uni1F0F | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI | • |
| 1F10 | ἐ | uni1F10 | GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH PSILI | • |
| 1F11 | ἑ | uni1F11 | GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH DASIA | • |
| 1F12 | ἒ | uni1F12 | GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH PSILI AND VARIA | • |
| 1F13 | ἓ | uni1F13 | GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH DASIA AND VARIA | • |
| 1F14 | ἔ | uni1F14 | GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH PSILI AND OXIA | • |
| 1F15 | ἕ | uni1F15 | GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH DASIA AND OXIA | • |
| 1F18 | Ἐ | uni1F18 | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH PSILI | • |
| 1F19 | Ἑ | uni1F19 | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH DASIA | • |
| 1F1A | Ἒ | uni1F1A | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH PSILI AND VARIA | • |
| 1F1B | Ἓ | uni1F1B | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH DASIA AND VARIA | • |
| 1F1C | Ἔ | uni1F1C | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH PSILI AND OXIA | • |
| 1F1D | Ἕ | uni1F1D | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH DASIA AND OXIA | • |
| 1F20 | ἠ | uni1F20 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI | • |
| 1F21 | ἡ | uni1F21 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA | • |
| 1F22 | ἢ | uni1F22 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND VARIA | • |
| 1F23 | ἣ | uni1F23 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND VARIA | • |
| 1F24 | ἤ | uni1F24 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND OXIA | • |
| 1F25 | ἥ | uni1F25 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND OXIA | • |
| 1F26 | ἦ | uni1F26 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI | • |
| 1F27 | ἧ | uni1F27 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI | • |
| 1F28 | Ἠ | uni1F28 | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI | • |
| 1F29 | Ἡ | uni1F29 | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA | • |
| 1F2A | Ἢ | uni1F2A | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND VARIA | • |
| 1F2B | Ἣ | uni1F2B | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND VARIA | • |
| 1F2C | Ἤ | uni1F2C | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND OXIA | • |
| 1F2D | Ἥ | uni1F2D | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND OXIA | • |
| 1F2E | Ἦ | uni1F2E | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI | • |
| 1F2F | Ἧ | uni1F2F | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI | • |
| 1F30 | ἰ | uni1F30 | GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH PSILI | • |
| 1F31 | ἱ | uni1F31 | GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DASIA | • |
| 1F32 | ἲ | uni1F32 | GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH PSILI AND VARIA | • |
| 1F33 | ἳ | uni1F33 | GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DASIA AND VARIA | • |
| 1F34 | ἴ | uni1F34 | GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH PSILI AND OXIA | • |
| 1F35 | ἵ | uni1F35 | GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DASIA AND OXIA | • |
| 1F36 | ἶ | uni1F36 | GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI | • |
| 1F37 | ἷ | uni1F37 | GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI | • |
| 1F38 | Ἰ | uni1F38 | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH PSILI | • |
| 1F39 | Ἱ | uni1F39 | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH DASIA | • |
| 1F3A | Ἲ | uni1F3A | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH PSILI AND VARIA | • |
| 1F3B | Ἳ | uni1F3B | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH DASIA AND VARIA | • |
| 1F3C | Ἴ | uni1F3C | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH PSILI AND OXIA | • |
| 1F3D | Ἵ | uni1F3D | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH DASIA AND OXIA | • |
| 1F3E | Ἶ | uni1F3E | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI | • |
| 1F3F | Ἷ | uni1F3F | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI | • |
| 1F40 | ὀ | uni1F40 | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH PSILI | • |
| 1F41 | ὁ | uni1F41 | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH DASIA | • |
| 1F42 | ὂ | uni1F42 | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH PSILI AND VARIA | • |
| 1F43 | ὃ | uni1F43 | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH DASIA AND VARIA | • |
| 1F44 | ὄ | uni1F44 | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH PSILI AND OXIA | • |
| 1F45 | ὅ | uni1F45 | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH DASIA AND OXIA | • |
| 1F48 | Ὀ | uni1F48 | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH PSILI | • |
| 1F49 | Ὁ | uni1F49 | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH DASIA | • |
| 1F4A | Ὂ | uni1F4A | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH PSILI AND VARIA | • |
| 1F4B | Ὃ | uni1F4B | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH DASIA AND VARIA | • |
| 1F4C | Ὄ | uni1F4C | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH PSILI AND OXIA | • |
| 1F4D | Ὅ | uni1F4D | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH DASIA AND OXIA | • |
| 1F50 | ὐ | uni1F50 | GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH PSILI | • |
| 1F51 | ὑ | uni1F51 | GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DASIA | • |
| 1F52 | ὒ | uni1F52 | GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH PSILI AND VARIA | • |
| 1F53 | ὓ | uni1F53 | GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DASIA AND VARIA | • |
| 1F54 | ὔ | uni1F54 | GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH PSILI AND OXIA | • |
| 1F55 | ὕ | uni1F55 | GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DASIA AND OXIA | • |
| 1F56 | ὖ | uni1F56 | GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI | • |
| 1F57 | ὗ | uni1F57 | GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI | • |
| 1F59 | Ὑ | uni1F59 | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH DASIA | • |
| 1F5B | Ὓ | uni1F5B | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH DASIA AND VARIA | • |
| 1F5D | Ὕ | uni1F5D | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH DASIA AND OXIA | • |
| 1F5F | Ὗ | uni1F5F | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI | • |
| 1F60 | ὠ | uni1F60 | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI | • |
| 1F61 | ὡ | uni1F61 | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA | • |
| 1F62 | ὢ | uni1F62 | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND VARIA | • |
| 1F63 | ὣ | uni1F63 | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND VARIA | • |
| 1F64 | ὤ | uni1F64 | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND OXIA | • |
| 1F65 | ὥ | uni1F65 | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND OXIA | • |
| 1F66 | ὦ | uni1F66 | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI | • |
| 1F67 | ὧ | uni1F67 | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI | • |
| 1F68 | Ὠ | uni1F68 | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI | • |
| 1F69 | Ὡ | uni1F69 | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA | • |
| 1F6A | Ὢ | uni1F6A | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND VARIA | • |
| 1F6B | Ὣ | uni1F6B | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND VARIA | • |
| 1F6C | Ὤ | uni1F6C | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND OXIA | • |
| 1F6D | Ὥ | uni1F6D | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND OXIA | • |
| 1F6E | Ὦ | uni1F6E | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI | • |
| 1F6F | Ὧ | uni1F6F | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI | • |
| 1F70 | ὰ | uni1F70 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH VARIA | • |
| 1F71 | ά | uni1F71 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH OXIA | • |
| 1F72 | ὲ | uni1F72 | GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH VARIA | • |
| 1F73 | έ | uni1F73 | GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH OXIA | • |
| 1F74 | ὴ | uni1F74 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH VARIA | • |
| 1F75 | ή | uni1F75 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH OXIA | • |
| 1F76 | ὶ | uni1F76 | GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH VARIA | • |
| 1F77 | ί | uni1F77 | GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH OXIA | • |
| 1F78 | ὸ | uni1F78 | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH VARIA | • |
| 1F79 | ό | uni1F79 | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA | • |
| 1F7A | ὺ | uni1F7A | GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH VARIA | • |
| 1F7B | ύ | uni1F7B | GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH OXIA | • |
| 1F7C | ὼ | uni1F7C | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH VARIA | • |
| 1F7D | ώ | uni1F7D | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH OXIA | • |
| 1F80 | ᾀ | uni1F80 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1F81 | ᾁ | uni1F81 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1F82 | ᾂ | uni1F82 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND VARIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1F83 | ᾃ | uni1F83 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND VARIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1F84 | ᾄ | uni1F84 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND OXIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1F85 | ᾅ | uni1F85 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND OXIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1F86 | ᾆ | uni1F86 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1F87 | ᾇ | uni1F87 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1F88 | ᾈ | uni1F88 | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND PROSGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1F89 | ᾉ | uni1F89 | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1F8A | ᾊ | uni1F8A | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND VARIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1F8B | ᾋ | uni1F8B | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND VARIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1F8C | ᾌ | uni1F8C | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND OXIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1F8D | ᾍ | uni1F8D | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND OXIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1F8E | ᾎ | uni1F8E | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI AND PROSGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1F8F | ᾏ | uni1F8F | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI AND PROSGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1F90 | ᾐ | uni1F90 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1F91 | ᾑ | uni1F91 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1F92 | ᾒ | uni1F92 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND VARIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1F93 | ᾓ | uni1F93 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND VARIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1F94 | ᾔ | uni1F94 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND OXIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1F95 | ᾕ | uni1F95 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND OXIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1F96 | ᾖ | uni1F96 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1F97 | ᾗ | uni1F97 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1F98 | ᾘ | uni1F98 | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND PROSGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1F99 | ᾙ | uni1F99 | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1F9A | ᾚ | uni1F9A | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND VARIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1F9B | ᾛ | uni1F9B | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND VARIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1F9C | ᾜ | uni1F9C | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND OXIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1F9D | ᾝ | uni1F9D | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND OXIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1F9E | ᾞ | uni1F9E | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI AND PROSGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1F9F | ᾟ | uni1F9F | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI AND PROSGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FA0 | ᾠ | uni1FA0 | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FA1 | ᾡ | uni1FA1 | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FA2 | ᾢ | uni1FA2 | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND VARIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FA3 | ᾣ | uni1FA3 | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND VARIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FA4 | ᾤ | uni1FA4 | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND OXIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FA5 | ᾥ | uni1FA5 | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND OXIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FA6 | ᾦ | uni1FA6 | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FA7 | ᾧ | uni1FA7 | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FA8 | ᾨ | uni1FA8 | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND PROSGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FA9 | ᾩ | uni1FA9 | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FAA | ᾪ | uni1FAA | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND VARIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FAB | ᾫ | uni1FAB | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND VARIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FAC | ᾬ | uni1FAC | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND OXIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FAD | ᾭ | uni1FAD | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND OXIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FAE | ᾮ | uni1FAE | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI AND PROSGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FAF | ᾯ | uni1FAF | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI AND PROSGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FB0 | ᾰ | uni1FB0 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH VRACHY | • |
| 1FB1 | ᾱ | uni1FB1 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH MACRON | • |
| 1FB2 | ᾲ | uni1FB2 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH VARIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FB3 | ᾳ | uni1FB3 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FB4 | ᾴ | uni1FB4 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH OXIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FB6 | ᾶ | uni1FB6 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PERISPOMENI | • |
| 1FB7 | ᾷ | uni1FB7 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PERISPOMENI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FB8 | Ᾰ | uni1FB8 | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH VRACHY | • |
| 1FB9 | Ᾱ | uni1FB9 | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH MACRON | • |
| 1FBA | Ὰ | uni1FBA | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH VARIA | • |
| 1FBB | Ά | uni1FBB | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH OXIA | • |
| 1FBC | ᾼ | uni1FBC | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PROSGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FBD | ᾽ | uni1FBD | GREEK KORONIS | • |
| 1FBE | ι | uni1FBE | GREEK PROSGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FBF | ᾿ | uni1FBF | GREEK PSILI | • |
| 1FC0 | ῀ | uni1FC0 | GREEK PERISPOMENI | • |
| 1FC1 | ῁ | uni1FC1 | GREEK DIALYTIKA AND PERISPOMENI | • |
| 1FC2 | ῂ | uni1FC2 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH VARIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FC3 | ῃ | uni1FC3 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FC4 | ῄ | uni1FC4 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH OXIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FC6 | ῆ | uni1FC6 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PERISPOMENI | • |
| 1FC7 | ῇ | uni1FC7 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PERISPOMENI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FC8 | Ὲ | uni1FC8 | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH VARIA | • |
| 1FC9 | Έ | uni1FC9 | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH OXIA | • |
| 1FCA | Ὴ | uni1FCA | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH VARIA | • |
| 1FCB | Ή | uni1FCB | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH OXIA | • |
| 1FCC | ῌ | uni1FCC | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH PROSGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FCD | ῍ | uni1FCD | GREEK PSILI AND VARIA | • |
| 1FCE | ῎ | uni1FCE | GREEK PSILI AND OXIA | • |
| 1FCF | ῏ | uni1FCF | GREEK PSILI AND PERISPOMENI | • |
| 1FD0 | ῐ | uni1FD0 | GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH VRACHY | • |
| 1FD1 | ῑ | uni1FD1 | GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH MACRON | • |
| 1FD2 | ῒ | uni1FD2 | GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA AND VARIA | • |
| 1FD3 | ΐ | uni1FD3 | GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA AND OXIA | • |
| 1FD6 | ῖ | uni1FD6 | GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH PERISPOMENI | • |
| 1FD7 | ῗ | uni1FD7 | GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA AND PERISPOMENI | • |
| 1FD8 | Ῐ | uni1FD8 | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH VRACHY | • |
| 1FD9 | Ῑ | uni1FD9 | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH MACRON | • |
| 1FDA | Ὶ | uni1FDA | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH VARIA | • |
| 1FDB | Ί | uni1FDB | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH OXIA | • |
| 1FDD | ῝ | uni1FDD | GREEK DASIA AND VARIA | • |
| 1FDE | ῞ | uni1FDE | GREEK DASIA AND OXIA | • |
| 1FDF | ῟ | uni1FDF | GREEK DASIA AND PERISPOMENI | • |
| 1FE0 | ῠ | uni1FE0 | GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH VRACHY | • |
| 1FE1 | ῡ | uni1FE1 | GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH MACRON | • |
| 1FE2 | ῢ | uni1FE2 | GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA AND VARIA | • |
| 1FE3 | ΰ | uni1FE3 | GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA AND OXIA | • |
| 1FE4 | ῤ | uni1FE4 | GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO WITH PSILI | • |
| 1FE5 | ῥ | uni1FE5 | GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO WITH DASIA | • |
| 1FE6 | ῦ | uni1FE6 | GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH PERISPOMENI | • |
| 1FE7 | ῧ | uni1FE7 | GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA AND PERISPOMENI | • |
| 1FE8 | Ῠ | uni1FE8 | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH VRACHY | • |
| 1FE9 | Ῡ | uni1FE9 | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH MACRON | • |
| 1FEA | Ὺ | uni1FEA | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH VARIA | • |
| 1FEB | Ύ | uni1FEB | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH OXIA | • |
| 1FEC | Ῥ | uni1FEC | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER RHO WITH DASIA | • |
| 1FED | ῭ | uni1FED | GREEK DIALYTIKA AND VARIA | • |
| 1FEE | ΅ | uni1FEE | GREEK DIALYTIKA AND OXIA | • |
| 1FEF | ` | uni1FEF | GREEK VARIA | • |
| 1FF2 | ῲ | uni1FF2 | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH VARIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FF3 | ῳ | uni1FF3 | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FF4 | ῴ | uni1FF4 | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH OXIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FF6 | ῶ | uni1FF6 | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH PERISPOMENI | • |
| 1FF7 | ῷ | uni1FF7 | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH PERISPOMENI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FF8 | Ὸ | uni1FF8 | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH VARIA | • |
| 1FF9 | Ό | uni1FF9 | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA | • |
| 1FFA | Ὼ | uni1FFA | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH VARIA | • |
| 1FFB | Ώ | uni1FFB | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH OXIA | • |
| 1FFC | ῼ | uni1FFC | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH PROSGEGRAMMENI | • |
| 1FFD | ´ | uni1FFD | GREEK OXIA | • |
| 1FFE | ῾ | uni1FFE | GREEK DASIA | • |


Version 2.2.2 is backward compatible to version 2.2.1 and 2.2 with the following exceptions:
An overview of the differences between version 2.2.2 and the previous version 2.2.1 is given below. The exact differences (but without differences in the documentation) are available in Differences-Modelica-221-222.html. This comparison file was generated automatically with Dymola's ModelManagement.compare function.
In this version, no new libraries have been added. The documentation of the whole library was improved.
The following new
components have been added to existing libraries:
| Blocks.Logical. | |
| TerminateSimulation | Terminate a simulation by a given condition. |
| Blocks.Routing. | |
| RealPassThrough IntegerPassThrough BooleanPassThrough |
Pass a signal from input to output (useful in combination with a bus due to restrictions of expandable connectors). |
| Blocks.Sources. | |
| KinematicPTP2 | Directly gives q,qd,qdd as output (and not just qdd as KinematicPTP). |
| Electrical.Machines.Examples. | |
| TransformerTestbench | Transformer Testbench |
| Rectifier6pulse | 6-pulse rectifier with 1 transformer |
| Rectifier12pulse | 12-pulse rectifier with 2 transformers |
| AIMC_Steinmetz | Asynchronous induction machine squirrel cage with Steinmetz connection |
| Electrical.Machines.BasicMachines.Components. | |
| BasicAIM | Partial model for asynchronous induction machine |
| BasicSM | Partial model for synchronous induction machine |
| PartialAirGap | Partial airgap model |
| BasicDCMachine | Partial model for DC machine |
| PartialAirGapDC | Partial airgap model of a DC machine |
| BasicTransformer | Partial model of threephase transformer |
| PartialCore | Partial model of transformer core with 3 windings |
| IdealCore | Ideal transformer with 3 windings |
| Electrical.Machines.BasicMachines. | |
| Transformers | Sub-Library for technical 3phase transformers |
| Electrical.Machines.Interfaces. | |
| Adapter | Adapter to model housing of electrical machine |
| Math. | |
| Vectors | New library of functions operating on vectors |
| atan3 | Four quadrant inverse tangent (select solution that is closest to given angle y0) |
| asinh | Inverse of sinh (area hyperbolic sine) |
| acosh | Inverse of cosh (area hyperbolic cosine) |
| Math.Vectors | |
| isEqual | Determine if two Real vectors are numerically identical |
| norm | Return the p-norm of a vector |
| length | Return length of a vector (better as norm(), if further symbolic processing is performed) |
| normalize | Return normalized vector such that length = 1 and prevent zero-division for zero vector |
| reverse | Reverse vector elements (e.g., v[1] becomes last element) |
| sort | Sort elements of vector in ascending or descending order |
| Math.Matrices | |
| solve2 | Solve real system of linear equations A*X=B with a B matrix (Gaussian elimination with partial pivoting) |
| LU_solve2 | Solve real system of linear equations P*L*U*X=B with a B matrix and an LU decomposition (from LU(..)) |
| Mechanics.Rotational. | |
| InitializeFlange | Initialize a flange according to given signals (useful if initialization signals are provided by a signal bus). |
| Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium. | |
| density_pTX | Return density from p, T, and X or Xi |
| Media.Interfaces.PartialTwoPhaseMedium. | |
| BaseProperties | Base properties (p, d, T, h, u, R, MM, x) of a two phase medium |
| molarMass | Return the molar mass of the medium |
| saturationPressure_sat | Return saturation pressure |
| saturationTemperature_sat | Return saturation temperature |
| saturationTemperature_derp_sat | Return derivative of saturation temperature w.r.t. pressure |
| setState_px | Return thermodynamic state from pressure and vapour quality |
| setState_Tx | Return thermodynamic state from temperature and vapour quality |
| vapourQuality | Return vapour quality |
| Media.Interfaces. | |
| PartialLinearFluid | Generic pure liquid model with constant cp, compressibility and thermal expansion coefficients |
| Media.Air.MoistAir. | |
| massFraction_pTphi | Return the steam mass fraction from relative humidity and T |
| saturationTemperature | Return saturation temperature from (partial) pressure via numerical inversion of function saturationPressure |
| enthalpyOfWater | Return specific enthalpy of water (solid/liquid) near atmospheric pressure from temperature |
| enthalpyOfWater_der | Return derivative of enthalpyOfWater()" function |
| PsychrometricData | Model to generate plot data for psychrometric chart |
| Media.CompressibleLiquids. New sub-library for simple compressible liquid models |
|
| LinearColdWater | Cold water model with linear compressibility |
| LinearWater_pT_Ambient | Liquid, linear compressibility water model at 1.01325 bar and 25 degree Celsius |
| SIunits. | |
| TemperatureDifference | Type for temperature difference |
The following existing
components have been improved:
| Blocks.Examples. | |
| BusUsage | Example changed from the "old" to the "new" bus concept with expandable connectors. |
| Blocks.Discrete. | |
| ZeroOrderHold | Sample output ySample moved from "protected" to "public" section with new attributes (start=0, fixed=true). |
| TransferFunction | Discrete state x with new attributes (each start=0, each fixed=0). |
| Electrical. | |
| Analog MultiPhase |
Improved some icons. |
| Electrical.Digital.Interfaces. | |
| MISO | Removed "algorithm" from this partial block. |
| Electrical.Digital.Delay. | |
| DelayParams | Removed "algorithm" from this partial block. |
| Electrical.Digital.Delay. | |
| DelayParams | Removed "algorithm" from this partial block. |
| TransportDelay | If delay time is zero, an infinitely small delay is introduced via pre(x) (previously "x" was used). |
| Electrical.Digital.Sources. | |
| Clock Step |
Changed if-conditions from "xxx < time" to "time >= xxx" (according to the Modelica specification, in the second case a time event should be triggered, i.e., this change leads potentially to a faster simulation). |
| Electrical.Digital.Converters. | |
| BooleanToLogic LogicToBoolean RealToLogic LogicToReal |
Changed from "algorithm" to "equation" section to allow better symbolic preprocessing |
| Electrical. | |
| Machines | Slightly improved documentation, typos in documentation corrected |
| Electrical.Machines.Examples. | |
| AIMS_start | Changed QuadraticLoadTorque1(TorqueDirection=true) to QuadraticLoadTorque1(TorqueDirection=false) since more realistic |
| Electrical.Machines.Interfaces. | |
| PartialBasicMachine | Introduced support flange to model the reaction torque to the housing |
| Electrical.Machines.Sensors. | |
| Rotorangle | Introduced support flange to model the reaction torque to the housing |
| Mechanics.MultiBody.Examples.Elementary. | |
| PointMassesWithGravity | Added two point masses connected by a line force to demonstrate additionally how this works. Connections of point masses with 3D-elements are demonstrated in the new example PointMassesWithGravity (there is the difficulty that the orientation is not defined in a PointMass object and therefore some special handling is needed in case of a connection with 3D-elements, where the orientation of the point mass is not determined by these elements. |
| Mechanics.MultiBody.Examples.Systems. | |
| RobotR3 | Changed from the "old" to the "new" bus concept with expandable connectors. Replaced the non-standard Modelica function "constrain()" by standard Modelica components. As a result, the non-standard function constrain() is no longer used in the Modelica Standard Library. |
| Mechanics.MultiBody.Frames.Orientation. | |
| equalityConstraint | Use a better residual for the equalityConstraint function. As a result, the non-linear equation system of a kinematic loop is formulated in a better way (the range where the desired result is a unique solution of the non-linear system of equations becomes much larger). |
| Mechanics.MultiBody. | |
| Visualizers. | Removed (misleading) annotation "structurallyIncomplete" in the models of this sub-library |
| Mechanics.Rotational. | |
| Examples | For all models in this sub-library:
|
| Mechanics.Rotational.Interfaces. | |
| FrictionBase | Introduced "fixed=true" for Boolean variables startForward, startBackward, mode. |
| Mechanics.Translational.Interfaces. | |
| FrictionBase | Introduced "fixed=true" for Boolean variables startForward, startBackward, mode. |
| Media.UsersGuide.MediumUsage. | |
| TwoPhase | Improved documentation and demonstrating the newly introduced functions |
| Media.Examples. | |
| WaterIF97 | Provided (missing) units for variables V, dV, H_flow_ext, m, U. |
| Media.Interfaces. | |
| PartialMedium | Final modifiers are removed from nX and nXi, to allow customized medium models such as mixtures of refrigerants with oil, etc. |
| PartialCondensingGases | Included attributes "min=1, max=2" for input argument FixedPhase for functions setDewState and setBubbleState (in order to guarantee that input arguments are correct). |
| Media.Interfaces.PartialMedium. | |
| BaseProperties | New Boolean parameter "standardOrderComponents". If true, last element vector X is computed from 1-sum(Xi) (= default) otherwise, no equation is provided for it in PartialMedium. |
| IsentropicExponent | "max" value changed from 1.7 to 500000 |
| setState_pTX setState_phX setState_psX setState_dTX specificEnthalpy_pTX temperature_phX density_phX temperature_psX density_psX specificEnthalpy_psX |
Introduced default value "reference_X" for input argument "X". |
| Media.Interfaces.PartialSimpleMedium. | |
| setState_pTX setState_phX setState_psX setState_dTX |
Introduced default value "reference_X" for input argument "X". |
| Media.Interfaces.PartialSimpleIdealGasMedium. | |
| setState_pTX setState_phX setState_psX setState_dTX |
Introduced default value "reference_X" for input argument "X". |
| Media.Air.MoistAir. | |
| setState_pTX setState_phX setState_dTX |
Introduced default value "reference_X" for input argument "X". |
| Media.IdealGases.Common.SingleGasNasa. | |
| setState_pTX setState_phX setState_psX setState_dTX |
Introduced default value "reference_X" for input argument "X". |
| Media.IdealGases.Common.MixtureGasNasa. | |
| setState_pTX setState_phX setState_psX setState_dTX h_TX |
Introduced default value "reference_X" for input argument "X". |
| Media.Common. | |
| IF97PhaseBoundaryProperties gibbsToBridgmansTables |
Introduced unit for variables vt, vp. |
| SaturationProperties | Introduced unit for variable dpT. |
| BridgmansTables | Introduced unit for dfs, dgs. |
| Media.Common.ThermoFluidSpecial. | |
| gibbsToProps_ph gibbsToProps_ph gibbsToBoundaryProps gibbsToProps_dT gibbsToProps_pT |
Introduced unit for variables vt, vp. |
| TwoPhaseToProps_ph | Introduced unit for variables dht, dhd, detph. |
| Media. | |
| MoistAir | Documentation of moist air model significantly improved. |
| Media.MoistAir. | |
| enthalpyOfVaporization | Replaced by linear correlation since simpler and more accurate in the entire region. |
| Media.Water.IF97_Utilities.BaseIF97.Regions. | |
| drhovl_dp | Introduced unit for variable dd_dp. |
| Thermal. | |
| FluidHeatFlow | Introduced new parameter tapT (0..1) to define the temperature of the HeatPort as linear combination of the flowPort_a (tapT=0) and flowPort_b (tapT=1) temperatures. |
The following critical
errors have been fixed (i.e., errors that can lead
to wrong simulation results):
| Electrical.Machines.BasicMachines.Components. | |
| ElectricalExcitation | Excitation voltage ve is calculated as "spacePhasor_r.v_[1]*TurnsRatio*3/2" instead of "spacePhasor_r.v_[1]*TurnsRatio |
| Mechanics.MultiBody.Parts. | |
| FixedRotation | Bug corrected that the torque balance was wrong in the
following cases (since vector r was not transformed from frame_a to
frame_b; note this special case occurs very seldom in practice):
|
| PointMass | If a PointMass model is connected so that no equations are present to compute its orientation object, the orientation was arbitrarily set to a unit rotation. In some cases this can lead to a wrong overall model, depending on how the PointMass model is used. For this reason, such cases lead now to an error (via an assert(..)) with an explanation how to fix this. |
| Media.Interfaces.PartialPureSubstance. | |
| pressure_dT specificEnthalpy_dT |
Changed wrong call from "setState_pTX" to "setState_dTX" |
| Media.Interfaces.PartialTwoPhaseMedium. | |
| pressure_dT specificEnthalpy_dT |
Changed wrong call from "setState_pTX" to "setState_dTX" |
| Media.Common.ThermoFluidSpecial. | |
| gibbsToProps_dT helmholtzToProps_ph helmholtzToProps_pT helmholtzToProps_dT |
Bugs in equations corrected |
| Media.Common. | |
| helmholtzToBridgmansTables helmholtzToExtraDerivs |
Bugs in equations corrected |
| Media.IdealGases.Common.SingleGasNasa. | |
| density_derp_T | Bug in equation of partial derivative corrected |
| Media.Water.IF97_Utilities. | |
| BaseIF97.Inverses.dtofps3 isentropicExponent_props_ph isentropicExponent_props_pT isentropicExponent_props_dT |
Bugs in equations corrected |
| Media.Air.MoistAir. | |
| h_pTX | Bug in setState_phX due to wrong vector size in h_pTX
corrected. Furthermore, syntactical errors corrected:
|
| Media.Water. | |
| waterConstants | Bug in equation of criticalMolarVolume corrected. |
| Media.Water.IF97_Utilities.BaseIF97.Regions. | |
| region_ph region_ps |
Bug in region determination corrected. |
| boilingcurve_p dewcurve_p |
Bug in equation of plim corrected. |
The following uncritical
errors have been fixed (i.e., errors that do
not lead to wrong
simulation results, but, e.g., units are wrong or errors in
documentation):
| Blocks. | |
| Examples | Corrected typos in description texts of bus example models. |
| Blocks.Continuous. | |
| LimIntegrator | removed incorrect smooth(0,..) because expression might be discontinuous. |
| Blocks.Math.UnitConversions. | |
| block_To_kWh block_From_kWh |
Corrected unit from "kWh" to (syntactically correct) "kW.h". |
| Electrical.Analog.Examples. | |
| HeatingNPN_OrGate | Included start values, so that initialization is successful |
| Electrical.Analog.Lines. | |
| OLine | Corrected unit from "Siemens/m" to "S/m". |
| TLine2 | Changed wrong type of parameter NL (normalized length) from SIunits.Length to Real. |
| Electrical.Digital.Delay. | |
| TransportDelay | Syntax error corrected (":=" in equation section is converted by Dymola silently to "="). |
| Electrical.Digital | |
| Converters | Syntax error corrected (":=" in equation section is converted by Dymola silently to "="). |
| Electrical.MultiPhase.Basic. | |
| Conductor | Changed wrong type of parameter G from SIunits.Resistance to SIunits.Conductance. |
| Electrical.MultiPhase.Interfaces. | |
| Plug |
Made used "pin" connectors non-graphical (otherwise, there are difficulties to connect to Plug). |
| Electrical.MultiPhase.Sources. | |
| SineCurrent | Changed wrong type of parameter offset from SIunits.Voltage to SIunits.Current. |
| Mechanics.MultiBody.Examples.Loops. | |
| EngineV6 | Corrected wrong crankAngleOffset of some cylinders and improved the example. |
| Mechanics.MultiBody.Examples.Loops.Utilities. | |
| GasForce | Wrong units corrected: "SIunitsPosition x,y" to "Real x,y"; "SIunits.Pressure press" to "SIunits.Conversions.NonSIunits.Pressure_bar" |
| GasForce2 | Wrong unit corrected: "SIunits.Position x" to "Real x". |
| EngineV6_analytic | Corrected wrong crankAngleOffset of some cylinders. |
| Mechanics.MultiBody.Interfaces. | |
| PartialLineForce | Corrected wrong unit: "SIunits.Position eRod_a" to "Real eRod_a"; |
| FlangeWithBearingAdaptor | If includeBearingConnector = false, connector "fr" + "ame" was not removed. As long as the connecting element to "frame" determines the non-flow variables, this is fine. In the corrected version, "frame" is conditionally removed in this case. |
| Mechanics.MultiBody.Forces. | |
| ForceAndTorque | Corrected wrong unit: "SIunits.Force t_b_0" to "SIunits.Torque t_b_0". |
| LineForceWithTwoMasses | Corrected wrong unit: "SIunits.Position e_rel_0" to "Real e_rel_0". |
| Mechanics.MultiBody.Frames. | |
| axisRotation | Corrected wrong unit: "SIunits.Angle der_angle" to "SIunits.AngularVelocity der_angle". |
| Mechanics.MultiBody.Joints.Assemblies. | |
| JointUSP JointSSP |
Corrected wrong unit: "SIunits.Position aux" to "Real" |
| Mechanics.MultiBody.Sensors. | |
| AbsoluteSensor | Corrected wrong units: "SIunits.Acceleration angles" to "SIunits.Angle angles" and "SIunits.Velocity w_abs_0" to "SIunits.AngularVelocity w_abs_0" |
| RelativeSensor | Corrected wrong units: "SIunits.Acceleration angles" to "SIunits.Angle angles" |
| Distance | Corrected wrong units: "SIunits.Length L2" to "SIunits.Area L2" and SIunits.Length s_small2" to "SIunits.Area s_small2" |
| Mechanics.MultiBody.Visualizers.Advanced. | |
| Shape | Changed "MultiBody.Types.Color color" to "Real color[3]", since "Types.Color" is "Integer color[3]" and there have been backward compatibility problems with models using "color" before it was changed to "Types.Color". |
| Mechanics.Rotational.Interfaces. | |
| FrictionBase | Rewrote equations with new variables "unitAngularAcceleration" and "unitTorque" in order that the equations are correct with respect to units (previously, variable "s" can be both a torque and an angular acceleration and this lead to unit incompatibilities) |
| Mechanics.Rotational. | |
| OneWayClutch LossyGear |
Rewrote equations with new variables "unitAngularAcceleration" and "unitTorque" in order that the equations are correct with respect to units (previously, variable "s" can be both a torque and an angular acceleration and this lead to unit incompatibilities) |
| Mechanics.Translational.Interfaces. | |
| FrictionBase | Rewrote equations with new variables "unitAngularAcceleration" and "unitTorque" in order that the equations are correct with respect to units (previously, variable "s" can be both a torque and an angular acceleration and this lead to unit incompatibilities) |
| Mechanics.Translational. | |
| Speed | Corrected unit of v_ref from SIunits.Position to SIunits.Velocity |
| Media.Examples.Tests.Components. | |
| PartialTestModel PartialTestModel2 |
Corrected unit of h_start from "SIunits.Density" to "SIunits.SpecificEnthalpy" |
| Media.Examples.SolveOneNonlinearEquation. | |
| Inverse_sh_T InverseIncompressible_sh_T Inverse_sh_TX |
Rewrote equations so that dimensional (unit) analysis is correct" |
| Media.Incompressible.Examples. | |
| TestGlycol | Rewrote equations so that dimensional (unit) analysis is correct" |
| Media.Interfaces.PartialTwoPhaseMedium. | |
| dBubbleDensity_dPressure dDewDensity_dPressure |
Changed wrong type of ddldp from "DerDensityByEnthalpy" to "DerDensityByPressure". |
| Media.Common.ThermoFluidSpecial. | |
| ThermoProperties | Changed wrong units: "SIunits.DerEnergyByPressure dupT" to "Real dupT" and "SIunits.DerEnergyByDensity dudT" to "Real dudT" |
| ThermoProperties_ph | Changed wrong unit from "SIunits.DerEnergyByPressure duph" to "Real duph" |
| ThermoProperties_pT | Changed wrong unit from "SIunits.DerEnergyByPressure dupT" to "Real dupT" |
| ThermoProperties_dT | Changed wrong unit from "SIunits.DerEnergyByDensity dudT" to "Real dudT" |
| Media.IdealGases.Common.SingleGasNasa. | |
| cp_Tlow_der | Changed wrong unit from "SIunits.Temperature dT" to "Real dT". |
| Media.Water.IF97_Utilities.BaseIF97.Basic. | |
| p1_hs h2ab_s p2a_hs p2b_hs p2c_hs h3ab_p T3a_ph T3b_ph v3a_ph v3b_ph T3a_ps T3b_ps v3a_ps v3b_ps |
Changed wrong unit of variables h/hstar, s, sstar from "SIunits.Enthalpy" to "SIunits.SpecificEnthalpy", "SIunits.SpecificEntropy", "SIunits.SpecificEntropy |
| Media.Water.IF97_Utilities.BaseIF97.Transport. | |
| cond_dTp | Changed wrong unit of TREL, rhoREL, lambdaREL from "SIunits.Temperature", "SIunit.Density", "SIunits.ThermalConductivity" to "Real". |
| Media.Water.IF97_Utilities.BaseIF97.Inverses. | |
| tofps5 tofpst5 |
Changed wrong unit of pros from "SIunits.SpecificEnthalpy" to "SIunits.SpecificEntropy". |
| Media.Water.IF97_Utilities. | |
| waterBaseProp_ph | Improved calculation at the limits of the validity. |
| Thermal. | |
| FluidHeatFlow HeatTransfer |
Corrected wrong unit "SIunits.Temperature" of difference temperature variables with "SIunits.TemperatureDifference". |


Cloud and DevOps Professional
Cloud and DevOps Professional with keen interest in System Design & Architecture
SRE | MultiCloud | Kubernetes (CKA) | Microservices | Automation | Ops
Graduated from Uttar Pradesh Technical University, majoring in Information Technology.
Senior Cloud Integrations Consultant @SAP America Inc.


Exam 2012 (Sep 3, 2012)
Each sub-question will be given the same weight in the evaluation of the exam. You may answer in English or Norwegian (or “Scandinavian”). There are three exercises.
Exercise 1
The purpose of this exercise to determine if a new diet treatment or method (called M1
) designed to help people loosing weight is better than two well known methods (called M2
and M3
). Two individuals were recruited in each group. The individuals were weighed at the beginning and the end of the study. For each individual the weight difference (final weight
-initial weight
) was recorded. The data and some summary statistics are as follows:
| Treatments | Observations | Averages |
|---|---|---|
| M1 | 0, 2 | 1 |
| M2 | 1, 3 | 2 |
| M3 | 5, 7 | 6 |
| Total Average | 3 |
We will use the model,
\[ y_{ij} = \mu + \tau_i + \epsilon_{ij} \]
Where,
\(i = 1, 2, 3\) Corresponding to M1
, M2
and M3
\(j = 1, 2\) corresponding to the two observations in each treatment group
\(y_{ij}\) = Weight loss and
\(\epsilon_{ij} \sim \text{N}(0, \sigma^2)\), and \(\sum_{i = 1}^3 \tau_i = 0\)
Calculate \(\text{SS}_\text{Treatments}\) and \(\text{SS}_\text{E}\) defined below :
\[ \begin{aligned} \text{SS}_\text{Treatments} &= 2\sum_{i = 1}^3\left(\bar{y}_{i\cdot} - \bar{y}_{\cdot\cdot}\right)^2 \\ \text{SS}_\text{E} &= \sum_{i = 1}^3\sum_{j = 1}^2\left(\bar{y}_{ij} - \bar{y}_{i\cdot}\right)^2 \end{aligned} \]
\[ \begin{aligned} \text{SS}_\text{Treatments} &= 2\sum_{i = 1}^3\left(\bar{y}_{i\cdot} - \bar{y}_{\cdot\cdot}\right)^2 \\ &= 2\left((1-3)^2+(2-3)^2+(6-3)^2\right) \\ &= 28 \\ \text{SS}_\text{E} &= \sum_{i = 1}^3\sum_{j = 1}^2\left(\bar{y}_{ij} - \bar{y}_{i\cdot}\right)^2 \\ &= (0-1)^2+(2-1)^2+(1-2)^2+(3-2)^2+(5-6)^2+(7-6)^2 \\ &= 6 \end{aligned} \]
Consider the null hypothesis
\[H_0: \tau_1 = \tau_2 = \tau_3 = 0\]
Show that the test statistic is \(F_0=7\) and use this to perform the test. Formulate a conclusion.
We have, degree of freedom for treatment is \(3 -1 = 2\) and degree of freedom for error is \(6-3 =3\). So,
\[ \begin{aligned} \text{MS}_\text{treatment} &= \frac{\text{SS}_\text{treatment}}{df_\text{treatment}} = \frac{28}{2} = 14 \\ \text{MS}_\text{E} &= \frac{\text{SS}_\text{E}}{df_\text{E}} = \frac{6}{3} = 2 \end{aligned} \]
Thus,
\[F_0 = \frac{\text{MS}_\text{treatment}}{\text{MS}_\text{E}} = \frac{14}{2} = 7\]
Further, \(f_{0.05, 2, 3} = 9.552\)
Since, 7 < 9.552, we cannot reject \(H_0\) and cannot claim a significance difference between treatments
M1
,M2
andM3
.We would like to extend on the above pilot study and design a real study. How would you design this study? You are free to state your assumptions. You can mention words like randomization, blocking and replication. You are not supposed to write more than 10 full sentences.
We should have a sample from the population for which we would like to generalize to. For instance, if we would like to generalize to adults aged 18 to 60, our sample should be individuals from 18 to 60. We could block, for instance wrt to sex. In this case it would be reasonable to have a random sample of females and a random sample of males. Normally we would choose these samples to be equally large aiming for a balanced study. The individuals should be assigned M1,M2 and M3 based on randomization. It is important to have a sufficiently large study and one could do power calculations to secure that the sample size is adequate.
Comment: power calculations are mentioned in the course, but he the students have not been taught how these are done.
Exercises 2 and 3 below are based on the simulated data reproduced in Appendix 1. The response variable is weight of pigs. There are 24 observations. The variables are
| Race | This variable indicates one of three possible races and is coded: Race1 , Race2 and Race3 |
| Farm | This variable indicates which of six farms the pigs come from and is coded Farm1 , …, Farm6 |
| Modern | This variable is Yes if the farm is considered to be run in a modern way and otherwise No |
| Weight | The final weight (English: carcass weight, Norwegian: slaktevekt) of pigs in kg |
Exercise 2
In this exercise we will only be using the variables Farm and Weight. We consider the following random effect model:
\[y_{ij} = \mu + \tau_i + \epsilon_{ij}\]
Where,
| \(i\) | = | \(1, 2, \ldots, 6\) corresponding to Farm 1 , Farm 2 , …, Farm 6 |
| \(j\) | = | \(1, 2, \ldots, 4\) corresponding to the four observations for each farm, |
| \(y_{ij}\) | = | Weight , \(\tau_i \sim \text{N}(0, \sigma_\tau^2)\) and \(\epsilon_{ij} \sim \text{N}(0, \sigma^2)\) |
We would like to find out if the weights differ between farms, i.e., if we can reject,
\[H_0: \sigma_\tau^2 = 0\]
Use the output in Appendix 2 to perform the test at 5% significance level. Formulate a conclusion.
The p-value (0.1388) is above 0.05 and therefore we cannot reject. In other words, we cannot claim that there is significant variability between farms.
Use the output of Appendix 2 to estimate \(\sigma^2\). Calculate a 95% confidence interval for \(\sigma^2\) and interpret the answer.
The estimate of \(\sigma^2\) is,
\[\hat{\sigma}^2 = \text{MS}_\text{E} = 4.01\]
A 95% confidence interval is,
\[\left[\frac{\text{SS}_\text{E}}{\chi^2_{0.025, 18}}, \frac{\text{SS}_\text{E}}{\chi^2_{0.975, 18}}\right] = \left(\frac{72.09}{31.53}, \frac{72.09}{8.23}\right) = (2.3, 8.8)\]
Interpretation: We are 95% sure that the true variation is in the interval \((2.3, 8.8)\).
Exercise 3
In this exercise we will be using the variables Race, Modern and Weight. We use the model,
\[y_{ij} = \mu + \tau_i + \beta_j + (\tau\beta)_{ij} + \epsilon_{ij}\]
Where,
| \(i\) | = | \(1, 2, 3\) corresponding to Race1 , Race2 and Race3 |
| \(j\) | = | \(1, 2\) corresponding to Yes and No |
| \(k\) | = | \(1, 2, \ldots, 4\) corresponding to replications |
| \(y_{ijk}\) | = | Weight and \(\epsilon_{ijk} \sim \text{N}(0, \sigma^2)\) |
\[ \begin{aligned} \sum_{i = 1}^3\tau_i = 0 && \sum_{j = 1}^2\beta_i = 0 && \sum_{i = 1}^3(\tau\beta)_{ij} = 0 && \sum_{j = 1}^2(\tau\beta)_{ij} = 0 \end{aligned} \]
The random variables \(\epsilon_{ijk}\) are assumed to be independent.
Use the output of Appendix 3 to determine if there is an interaction between Race and Modern. Formulate the hypotheses and a conclusion. Use 5% significance level.
The null hypothesis is,
\[H_0: (\alpha\beta)_{ij} = 0 \text{ for all } i \text{ and }j \]
We can not reject as the p-value is 0.09 which does not exceed 0.05. In other words, there is no significant interaction. (A significant interaction would have meant that the effect of Modern depends significantly on Race and vice versa.)
For the remaining part of the exercise we will be using the reduced model:
\[y_{ij} = \mu + \tau_i + \epsilon_{ij}\]
Where,
\(i\) = \(1, 2, 3\) corresponding to the \(a=3\) groups Race1
,Race2
,Race3
\(j\) = \(1,2, \ldots, 8\) corresponding to the eight \((n = 8)\) observations for each Race \(y_{ij}\) = Weight
and \(\epsilon_{ij} \sim \text{NID}(0, \sigma^2)\) and \(\sum_{i = 1}^3 \tau_i = 0\)The random variables \(\epsilon_{ij}\) are assumed to be independent.
Use the output of Appendix 4 to show that there significant differences depending on race at 5% significance level. Between which raises are there significant differences? Use Tukey’s test.
The p-value is below 0.05 and therefore we reject and claim that there is a statistically significant difference between the races.
From Tukey, we see that only Race1 and Race3 differ significantly as the p-value is 0.02 while the other p-values exceed 0.05.
Use Appendix 5 to estimate \(\tau_1, \tau_2\) and \(\tau_3\)
From Appendix 5, we can find,
\[ \begin{aligned} \hat{\tau}_1 &= \hat{\mu}_1 - \mu = 76.825 - 78.004 = -1.179 \\ \hat{\tau}_1 &= \hat{\mu}_1 - \mu = 77.55 - 78.004 = -0.454 \\ \hat{\tau}_1 &= \hat{\mu}_1 - \mu = 79.638 - 78.004 = 1.634 \\ \end{aligned} \]
Calculate the predicted value for a
Race1
pig. Calculate the residual corresponding to the first observation.The predicted value for a
Race1
is the average of such pigs as given in Appendix 4, i.e.,\[ \begin{aligned} \text{Predicted value } = 76.825 \\ \text{Residual } = 77.9 - 76.825 = 1.075 \end{aligned} \]
Appendix 1
| Race | Modern | Farm | Weight |
|---|---|---|---|
| Race1 | Yes | Farm1 | 77.9 |
| Race1 | Yes | Farm1 | 76.2 |
| Race1 | Yes | Farm2 | 77.4 |
| Race1 | Yes | Farm2 | 77.4 |
| Race1 | No | Farm1 | 77.5 |
| Race1 | No | Farm1 | 74.2 |
| Race1 | No | Farm2 | 74.0 |
| Race1 | No | Farm2 | 80.0 |
| Race2 | Yes | Farm3 | 76.5 |
| Race2 | Yes | Farm3 | 76.8 |
| Race2 | Yes | Farm4 | 78.8 |
| Race2 | Yes | Farm4 | 77.4 |
| Race2 | No | Farm3 | 79.1 |
| Race2 | No | Farm3 | 76.3 |
| Race2 | No | Farm4 | 79.8 |
| Race2 | No | Farm4 | 75.7 |
| Race3 | Yes | Farm5 | 77.5 |
| Race3 | Yes | Farm5 | 79.0 |
| Race3 | Yes | Farm6 | 78.6 |
| Race3 | Yes | Farm6 | 77.1 |
| Race3 | No | Farm5 | 81.1 |
| Race3 | No | Farm5 | 78.8 |
| Race3 | No | Farm6 | 81.6 |
| Race3 | No | Farm6 | 83.4 |
Appendix 2
Analysis of Variance Table
Response: Weight
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
Farm 5 38.677 7.7354 1.9314 0.1388
Residuals 18 72.093 4.0051
Appendix 3
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
Race 2 34.12 17.058 5.586 0.0130 *
Modern 1 4.95 4.950 1.621 0.2191
Race:Modern 2 16.74 8.368 2.740 0.0914 .
Residuals 18 54.97 3.054
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Appendix 4
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
Race 2 34.12 17.06 4.673 0.021 *
Residuals 21 76.65 3.65
---
Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
Tukey multiple comparisons of means
95% family-wise confidence level
Fit: aov(formula = mdl4)
$Race
diff lwr upr p adj
Race2-Race1 0.7250 -1.6828302 3.13283 0.7316436
Race3-Race1 2.8125 0.4046698 5.22033 0.0202992
Race3-Race2 2.0875 -0.3203302 4.49533 0.0971376
Appendix 5
mean weight n
Race1 76.8 8
Race2 77.5 8
Race3 79.6 8
Total 78.0 24


Mitmproxy lets you specify an arbitrary number of patterns that define text replacements within flows. Each pattern has 3 components: a filter that defines which flows a replacement applies to, a regular expression that defines what gets replaced, and a target value that defines what is substituted in. Replace hooks fire when either a client request or a server response is received. Only the matching flow component is affected: so, for example, if a replace hook is triggered on server response, the replacement is only run on the Response object leaving the Request intact. You control whether the hook triggers on the request, response or both using the filter pattern. If you need finer-grained control than this, it's simple to create a script using the replacement API on Flow components. Replacement hooks are extremely handy in interactive testing of applications. For instance you can use a replace hook to replace the text "XSS" with a complicated XSS exploit, and then "inject" the exploit simply by interacting with the application through the browser. When used with tools like Firebug and mitmproxy's own interception abilities, replacement hooks can be an amazingly flexible and powerful feature. ## On the command-line The replacement hook command-line options use a compact syntax to make it easy to specify all three components at once. The general form is as follows: /patt/regex/replacement Here, __patt__ is a mitmproxy filter expression, __regex__ is a valid Python regular expression, and __replacement__ is a string literal. The first character in the expression (__/__ in this case) defines what the separation character is. Here's an example of a valid expression that replaces "foo" with "bar" in all requests: :~q:foo:bar In practice, it's pretty common for the replacement literal to be long and complex. For instance, it might be an XSS exploit that weighs in at hundreds or thousands of characters. To cope with this, there's a variation of the replacement hook specifier that lets you load the replacement text from a file. So, you might start __mitmdump__ as follows:
mitmdump --replace-from-file :~q:foo:~/xss-exploitThis will load the replacement text from the file __~/xss-exploit__. Both the _--replace_ and _--replace-from-file_ flags can be passed multiple times. ## Interactively The _R_ shortcut key in the mitmproxy options menu (_o_) lets you add and edit replacement hooks using a built-in editor. The context-sensitive help (_?_) has complete usage information.
| command-line |
|
|---|---|
| mitmproxy shortcut | o then R |


Andrew
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