This library makes many algorithms and data structures that are useful for bioinformatics available for the Rust language. All provided implementations are rigorously tested via continuous integration.
Currently, Rust-Bio provides
- most major pattern matching algorithms,
- a convenient alphabet implementation,
- pairwise alignment,
- suffix arrays,
- BWT and FM-Index,
- FMD-Index for finding supermaximal exact matches,
- a q-gram index,
- a rank/select data structure,
- FASTQ and FASTA and BED readers and writers,
- helper functions for combinatorics and dealing with log probabilities.
For reading and writing BAM and BCF files, Rust-Bio is complemented by Rust-Htslib.
Resources
Usage
We explain how to use Rust-Bio step-by-step. Users who already have experience with Rust can skip the first two steps.
Step 1: Setting up Rust
Currently, Rust-Bio needs the development version (nightly) of Rust to compile properly, since it depends on features that are not in the stable branch yet. Rust nightly can be installed or updated by executing
curl -sSf https://static.rust-lang.org/rustup.sh | sh -s -- --channel=nightly
in your terminal. For details or alternative ways of installation, have a look at the "Nightly" section of the Rust download page.
Step 2: Setting up a new Rust project
Since Rust-Bio is a library, you need to setup your own new Rust project to use Rust-Bio. With Rust, projects and their dependencies are managed with the builtin package manager Cargo. To create a new Rust project, issue
cargo new hello_world --bin
cd hello_world
in your terminal. The flag --bin
tells Cargo to create an executable project instead of a library.
In this section of the Rust docs, you find details about what Cargo just created for you.
Your new project can be compiled with
cargo build
If dependencies in your project are out of date, update with
cargo update
Execute the compiled code with
cargo run
If you are new to Rust, we suggest to proceed with learning Rust via the Rust docs.
Step 3: Use Rust-Bio in your project
To use Rust-Bio in your Rust project, add the following to your Cargo.toml
[dependencies]
bio = "*"
and import the crate from your source code:
extern crate bio;
Example
An example usage of Rust-Bio is presented in the following:
// Import some modules
use bio::alphabets;
use bio::data_structures::suffix_array::suffix_array;
use bio::data_structures::bwt::bwt;
use bio::data_structures::fmindex::FMIndex;
use bio::io::fastq;
// Create an FM-Index for a given text.
let alphabet = alphabets::dna::iupac_alphabet();
let pos = suffix_array(text);
let bwt = bwt(text, &pos);
let fmindex = FMIndex::new(&bwt, 3, &alphabet);
// Iterate over a FASTQ file, use the alphabet to validate read
// sequences and search for exact matches in the FM-Index.
let reader = fastq::Reader::from_file("reads.fastq");
for record in reader.records() {
let seq = record.seq();
if alphabet.is_word(seq) {
let interval = fmindex.backward_search(seq.iter());
let positions = interval.occ(&pos);
}
}
For more information and additional examples, please read the documentation.
Benchmarks
Since Rust-Bio is based on a compiled language, similar performance to C/C++ based libraries can be expected. Indeed, we find the pattern matching algorithms of Rust-Bio to perform in the range of the C++ library Seqan:
| Algorithm | Rust-Bio | Seqan |
|---|---|---|
| BNDM | 77ms | 80ms |
| Horspool | 122ms | 125ms |
| BOM | 103ms | 107ms |
| Shift-And | 241ms | 545ms |
We measured 10000 iterations of searching pattern GCGCGTACACACCGCCCG
in the sequence of the hg38 MT chromosome.
Initialization time of each algorithm for the given pattern was included in each iteration. Benchmarks were conducted with Cargo bench for Rust-Bio and Python timeit for Seqan on an Intel Core i5-3427U CPU.
Benchmarking Seqan from Python timeit entails an overhead of 1.46ms for calling a C++ binary. This overhead was subtracted from above Seqan run times.
Note that this benchmark only compares the two libraries to exemplify that Rust-Bio has comparable speed to C++ libraries: all used algorithms have their advantages for specific text and pattern structures and lengths (see the pattern matching section in the documentation).
Author
Contributors
The next name in this list could be you! If you are interested in joining the effort to build a general purpose Rust bioinformatics library, just introduce yourself here, or issue a pull request with your first contribution.
License
Licensed under the MIT license http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT. This project may not be copied, modified, or distributed except according to those terms.


Why not buy a new awesome theme?
{{credentials.nome}} {{credentials.cognome}} {{credentials.description}}


Nonlinear elasticity in 3D
Code input
Simulation name
Input program
# This code solves the nonlinear-elasticity problem in 3D from dolfin import * # Define the mesh and function space mesh = UnitCubeMesh(6, 6, 6) V = VectorFunctionSpace(mesh, "Lagrange", 1) # Mark left and right boundaries left, right = compile_subdomains([ "x[0] == 0.0", "x[0] == 1.0"]) # Define Dirichlet conditions at these # boundaries l = Expression(("-0.5", "0.0", "0.0")) r = Expression(("+0.5", "0.0", "0.0")) bcl = DirichletBC(V, l, left) bcr = DirichletBC(V, r, right) bcs = [bcl, bcr] # Define functions du = TrialFunction(V) v = TestFunction(V) u = Function(V) # Define body and traction forces B = Constant((0.0, 0.0, 0.0)) T = Constant((0.0, 0.0, 0.0)) # Kinematics I = Identity(V.cell().d) F = I + grad(u) C = F.T*F # Invariants of deformation tensors Ic = tr(C) J = det(F) # Elasticity parameters E = 10.0 nu = 0.3 mu = Constant(E/(2*(1 + nu))) lmbda = Constant(E*nu/((1 + nu)*(1 - 2*nu))) # Stored strain energy density (compressible # neo-Hookean model) psi = (mu/2)*(Ic - 3) - mu*ln(J) \ + (lmbda/2)*(ln(J))**2 # Total potential energy Pi = psi*dx - dot(B, u)*dx - dot(T, u)*ds # Compute first variation of Pi (directional # derivative about u in the direction of v) F = derivative(Pi, u, v) # Compute Jacobian of F J = derivative(F, u, du) # Optimization options for the form compiler parameters["form_compiler"]["cpp_optimize"] = True ffc_options = {"optimize": True, \ "eliminate_zeros": True, \ "precompute_basis_const": True, \ "precompute_ip_const": True} # Solve variational problem solve(F == 0, u, bcs, J=J, form_compiler_parameters=ffc_options)
Run the simulation!
Result visualisation


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Before Change
ray.get(a.ready.remote())
// 1 top level actor + 3 children.
for _ in range(total_num_actors - 1):
ray.get(a.schedule_nested_actor.remote())
// Make sure all the actors are scheduled on the same node.
// (why? The placement group has STRICT_PACK strategy).
node_id_set = set()
After Change
pgs = ray.get(t)
// Every task should have current placement group because they
// should be implicitly captured by default.
assert None not in pgs
// Test if tasks don"t capture child tasks when the option is off.
t2 = create_nested_task.options(
num_cpus=0,


| expect_silent {testthat} | R Documentation |
Checks that the code produces no output, messages, or warnings.
expect_silent(object)
object |
Object to test. Supports limited unquoting to make it easier to generate readable failures within a function or for loop. See quasi_label for more details. |
The first argument, invisibly.
Other expectations:
comparison-expectations
,
equality-expectations
,
expect_error()
,
expect_length()
,
expect_match()
,
expect_named()
,
expect_null()
,
expect_output()
,
expect_reference()
,
inheritance-expectations
,
logical-expectations
expect_silent("123") f <- function() { message("Hi!") warning("Hey!!") print("OY!!!") } ## Not run: expect_silent(f()) ## End(Not run)


| > The Unit Test Framework > User's guide > Usage variants > Static library |
The UTF can be built into a static library. If you opt to link a test module with the
standalone static library, this usage is called the static library
variant of the UTF.
UTF 可以被编译为静态库。
如果你选择将测试模块链接到独立静态库，
这种用法被称为 UTF 的静态库用法。
The test runner supplied with this variant requires you to implement the test
module initialization function that matches one of the two specifications depending on the compilation flag
BOOST_TEST_ALTERNATIVE_INIT_API. If flag isn't defined you are required
to match the original specification. If you define the flag BOOST_TEST_ALTERNATIVE_INIT_API during a test module compilation you are required to use the alternative
initialization function specification. The UTF provides an ability to
automatically generate an empty test module
initialization function with correct specification if no custom initialization is required by a test module.
这种用法提供的测试运行器需要你根据编译标签 BOOST_TEST_ALTERNATIVE_INIT_API 实现测试模块匹配两种定义之一的初始化函数。
如果在测试模块编译过程中定义了标签 BOOST_TEST_ALTERNATIVE_INIT_API，你需要使用备选的初始化函数定义。
如果测试模块不需要自定义的初始化，UTF 提供了自动生成正确的空测试模块初始化函数的能力。
| Important | |
|---|---|
If you opted to use an alternative initialization API, for a test module to be able to link with prebuilt library,
the flag BOOST_TEST_ALTERNATIVE_INIT_API has to be defined both during
library and a test module compilation.
|


Organizing committee
{% for teamMember in include.this_year_team %}
{% include speaker-card.html data=teamMember%}
Bio
{{ teamMember.bio }}
{% endfor %}
Advisors
{% for advisor in include.this_year_advisors %}
{% include speaker-card.html data=advisor%}
Bio
{{ advisor.bio }}
{% endfor %}


Watches
Settings
Info
Settings
Time Zone
Relative to UTC (in hours)
h
Allowed Time for Active Watch Winder
Earliest Start (only full hours - 0 to 24)
h
Latest Start (only full hours - 0 to 24)
h
reset
save
Version 0.3
Copyright (c) 2018 Jonathan Bryan Schmalhofer
github.com/JonathanSchmalhofer


'Danger to life' possible as further flood warnings issued for parts of north Nottinghamshire
The Met Office warned: 'Fast flowing or deep floodwater is possible, causing a danger to life.'
by Ben Reid, Phoebe RamFlooding is now expected in more areas of Nottinghamshire, after two more warnings were issued for north of the county.
The Environment Agency has added Girton and Collingham in Newark to its list of areas along the River Trent where "immediate action" is needed.
A yellow weather warning was issued for Nottinghamshire by the Met Office for Thursday, November 14 from 9am to 10pm.
And now a further yellow warning has been added for parts of north Nottinghamshire including Newark, Worksop and Mansfield as weather conditions have worsened.
The Met Office warned: "Fast flowing or deep floodwater is possible, causing a danger to life.
"Further homes and businesses could be flooded, causing damage to some buildings.
"Spray and flooding could lead to difficult driving conditions and some road closures.
"Some communities may be cut off by flooded roads.
"Delays or cancellations to train and bus services are possible.
"Possible power cuts and loss of other services to some homes and businesses."
Follow updates in our live blog here.


Nyzo version 478 (commit on GitHub) introduces the Nyzo sentinel.
Instructions for setting up the sentinel are included at the end of these notes. We do recommend reading the entirety of the notes, however, as they provide important insight into how the sentinel works.
This commit contains one minor change to the verifier logic, but you do not need to update your verifiers to use the sentinel. The sentinel can be used to manage any version of the Nyzo verifier.
The one verifier change removes the penalty for inactive verifiers, which will be replaced with a comprehensive verifier performance metric in an upcoming release. The previous penalty code has been commented out, and it will be removed when the new performance metric and penalty are added.
While the sentinel is included in the verifier codebase, it is a separate program. The sentinel should not be run on an instance that is running the verifier. It should be run on a dedicated instance. Running the sentinel on an instance that is running the verifier is untested and will likely prevent the verifier and/or sentinel from functioning properly.
Verifiers functioning alone are vulnerable to removal from the cycle due to temporary hardware and network issues. If an in-cycle verifier does not produce its block at the expected time, the verifier is skipped after and the next verifier's block is incorporated into the blockchain. If this happens, the skipped verifier must wait to join the cycle again as a new verifier. At the time of the release of this version, the expected average wait time for new verifiers is already several months. The purpose of the sentinel is to provide improve stability of the cycle by producing blocks for in-cycle verifiers that are unable to produce blocks due to temporary issues.
The sentinel is a simple loop that relies on absolute trust of one or more verifiers to track the blockchain. These verifiers need not all be in-cycle verifiers. This is important, as many users who wish to use the sentinel may have only one in-cycle verifier, and the sentinel will not function properly if at least one of the verifiers it manages is not functioning properly. So, if you have only one in-cycle verifier, you should start a second verifier for the sentinel to manage.
The sentinel first loads the managed verifiers.
The managed verifiers are stored in a text file with the following fields:
The file is read, ManagedVerifier objects are created, and the objects are stored in both a list for iteration by index and in a map for lookup by identifier.
The verifiers are specified one per line, and the fields are separated by colons. A typical file might look like this.
The next step is fetching a bootstrap response to determine the current state of the blockchain.
The bootstrap response is fetched from one of the managed verifiers. The sentinel keeps querying the managed verifiers in a circular queue until a bootstrap response is obtained.
Again, unlike the verifier, the sentinel fully trusts the verifiers it is managing. Even in the verifier initialization process, where the verifiers in the trusted_entry_points file are queried to determine the state of the blockchain, a democratic process is used to eliminate the need to trust any one of the entry points fully. In the following method, you can see that the bootstrap response is obtained from one and only one verifier, and the sentinel trusts that response to be honest and correct.
The next step you see in the while loop above is processing of the bootstrap response. In order to properly score blocks, which is necessary for determining when to transmit blocks, we need about four cycles of the blockchain. So that the verifier can start producing blocks quickly, instead of waiting for four cycles of blocks to be produced, we start at a height four cycles back from the frozen edge. Before fetching a block at this height, though, we check to see if we already have the block or a higher block frozen locally. If a higher block is already frozen locally, we know that the full chain section back to the cutoff height is also available, as this same initialization process is completed every time the sentinel starts.
If a block needs to be fetched, the method attempts to fetch that block until it is obtained or each managed verifier is queried once. If it is not obtained, this method returns a false value, which causes the while loop to iterate again and fetch a new bootstrap response. The method does not attempt to keep fetching the same block endlessly, as there is a small chance that the block has fallen behind the retention edge.
After the bootstrap response is processed, the sentinel enters the main application loop. The loop consists of three tasks:
The mesh is fetched from one verifier at a time in a circular order. The mesh from each verifier is stored in a map so that the mesh from each verifier replaces the mesh fetched from the same verifier the last time it was queried.
The blocks are also fetched from one verifier at a time in a circular order. When in “fast-fetch” (catch-up) mode, ten blocks are fetched at a time. When tracking the frozen edge, a single block is fetched with each request.
When blocks are obtained, they are immediately frozen. This is another example of the complete trust that the sentinel places in the verifiers it manages.
Multiple consecutive successful block fetches, combined with a minimum distance between the local frozen edge and the open edge, activate fast-fetch mode. Multiple consecutive failures deactivate fast-fetch mode.
Finally, the main loop creates and transmits blocks if it calculates that one of its managed verifiers may be in danger of being removed from the cycle. A verifier has approximately 80 seconds in which to produce a block before being removed from the cycle, so the sentinel does not even create and score blocks until it has not received a block for at least 30 seconds. The 30-second delay allows the sentinel to transmit blocks long before managed verifiers would truly be in danger of removal while also avoiding block creation entirely for the vast majority of heights.
If more than 30 seconds have passed since the last frozen block was received, the set of blocks is cleared if it is not for the height that is currently being processed, and new blocks are made if necessary.
Scores are calculated for the blocks, and a block is transmitted if any of the block scores have a minimum vote timestamp in the past. You may recall that the verifier transmits blocks in anticipation of the minimum vote timestamp (10 seconds before) to keep the blockchain processing as quickly as possible. The sentinel, though, is intended as a fallback in exceptional cases, so its behavior always leans in favor of conservative efficiency, and it waits longer to transmit blocks relative to the minimum vote timestamp.
The block message is signed by the block verifier, as new-block messages will not be accepted if they are not signed by verifiers that are in the cycle or at the top of the vote tally.
While the sentinel may manage many verifiers, it never needs to transmit more than one block at any height. By transmitting the lowest-scored block at a height, the sentinel protects not only the verifier of that block, but also all verifiers of lower-scored blocks, from removal from the cycle.
Installation of the sentinel is similar to installation of the verifier. However, we do not recommend running the sentinel and the verifier on the same instance. This is not tested and will likely cause either the sentinel or the verifier to malfunction.
To start a sentinel, we recommend creating a t3.micro AWS instance with the latest Ubuntu LTS version and an 8GB EBS volume. Open the SSH port to your IP address so you can access the instance. Then, when you have SSHed into the instance, run the following commands (enter each command separately):
sudo apt update
sudo apt install haveged -y
sudo apt install openjdk-8-jdk -y
sudo apt install supervisor -y
git clone https://github.com/n-y-z-o/nyzoVerifier.git
cd nyzoVerifier
./gradlew build
sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/nyzo/production
sudo cp nyzoSentinel.conf /etc/supervisor/conf.d/
Now, you need to create the file that tells the sentinel which verifiers to manage. This file needs to be created at /var/lib/nyzo/production/managed_verifiers. Use your favorite text editor to create this file on the instance, or create the file on your computer and copy it to your instance using a tool like scp. Each line in the file should contain the following information for one managed verifier, separated by colons:
If the sentinel transaction flag is included and the value is “y” or “Y”, a µ1 transaction will be added to any block produced for that verifier. This transaction will have “block produced by Nyzo sentinel” in the sender-data field. This transaction is entirely optional. This option was added mostly for entertainment value; it is not intended to be a penalty or fee. It is optional, and the default behavior of the sentinel is omission of this transaction.
The following shows how the managed_verifiers file might look:
After you have created this file, start the sentinel with the following command:
sudo supervisorctl reload
To ensure that your verifiers have loaded properly, run the following command:
more /var/log/nyzo-sentinel-stdout.log | grep 'ManagedVerifier'
The output should look something like this, with one line for each verifier you specified in the managed_verifiers file:
To ensure that the sentinel is tracking the blockchain, run the following command:
tail /var/log/nyzo-sentinel-stdout.log -n 30 | grep 'freezing block'
A later version of the sentinel displays “froze block” instead, so the command for newer versions of the sentinel is:
tail /var/log/nyzo-sentinel-stdout.log -n 30 | grep 'froze block'
The output should look something like this:
If you run this command several times, you should see the numbers increasing. Within about 10 minutes, depending on the network performance of your sentinel and the verifiers it manages, the block height should be very close to the frozen edge height displayed on the Nyzo mesh page.


|
Interface Summary |
| Address |
The Address interface is used to represent a generic
uniform resource identifier. |
| ContentType |
This provides access to the MIME type parts, that is the primary
type, the secondary type and an optional character set parameter. |
| Form |
The Form interface is used to represent the details
submitted with a request. |
| Part |
The Part object is used to represent a part within
a request message. |
| Path |
The Path represents the path part of a URI. |
| Principal |
The Principal interface is used to describe a
user that has a name and password. |
| Query |
The Query object is used to represent HTTP query
parameters. |
| Request |
The Request is used to provide an interface to the
HTTP entity body and message header. |
| RequestHeader |
This is a Header object that is used to represent a
basic form for the HTTP request message. |
| RequestLine |
The RequestLine is used to represent a HTTP request
line. |
| Response |
This is used to represent the HTTP response. |
| ResponseHeader |
The ResponseHeader object is used to manipulate the
header information for a given response. |
| StatusLine |
The StatusLine is used to represent a HTTP status
line. |


Configuration and Usage¶
Getting Started¶
A great starting point is the example configuration
file
.
What You’ll Need¶
- Your Airtable base key (If you go to the api documentation for your base, it’s in the url https://api.airtable.com/v0/YOUR_BASE_KEY. It is usually app then an alphanumeric string)
- Your Airtable api key (This would be on your account page after enabling api access. (It is preferable to store this in the environment variable AIRTABLE_API_KEY rather than in the config file if possible)
- Somewhere to put the backups. This can be a local directory, S3 or S3 compatible service, or any builtin in filesystem of pyfilesystem2. If pyfilesystem2 has an extension for the filesystem you want to use, it should work but you will need to install the extension separately.


3.2.3. Request Unit Test (Web Applications)¶
<IP_ADDRESS>. Summary¶
In the request unit test (web application), the test is performed using the built-in server. Here, we will describe how to use the test helper classes of the request unit test and the built-in server.
<IP_ADDRESS>.1. Overall picture¶
<IP_ADDRESS>.2. Main Classes, resources¶
| Name | Role | Creation unit |
|---|---|---|
| Test class | Implement the test logic. | Create one per class (Action) to be tested. |
| Test data (Excel file) | Describe test data such as preparation data, expected results, HTTP parameters, etc. to be stored in a table. | Create one per test class |
| Class to be tested (Action) | Class to be tested (includes each class that implements business logic after Action) | Create one class per subfunction |
| DbAccessTestSupport | Provides the necessary functions for testing using the database, such as preparation data input. | - |
| HttpServer | Built-in server. Operates as a servlet container having the function to output HTTP response to a file. | - |
| HttpRequestTestSupport | Provides various asserts that are required for starting the built-in server and for the request unit test. | - |
| AbstractHttpReqestTestSupport BasicHttpReqestTestSupport |
Class for templating the request unit test. Standardizes the test source and test data of the request unit test. | - |
| TestCaseInfo | Class that stores test case information defined in a data sheet. |
All of the above classes, including the built-in server, run on the same JVM. Therefore, server-side objects such as requests and sessions can be processed.
<IP_ADDRESS>.3. Prerequisites¶
The request unit test where an HTML dump is output using the built-in server, is for a thin client web application with one request-one screen transition. In the case of an application that uses Ajax or rich client, you can’t use HTML dump to check the layout.
Tip
In this document, though JSP is used for View technology, if the entire screen is rendered on a servlet container, then View technologies other than JSP can be used to output HTML dump.
<IP_ADDRESS>. Structure¶
<IP_ADDRESS>.1. BasicHttpRequestTestTemplate¶
Superclass of each test class. By using this class, the test source and test data of the request unit test can be standardized, and the amount of test source to be described can be greatly reduced.
For the specific usage method, refer to How to Execute a Request Unit Test.
<IP_ADDRESS>.2. AbstractHttpRequestTestTemplate¶
Not used directly by the application programmers. This is used to extend the automated testing framework when you want to change the way you write test data.
<IP_ADDRESS>.3. TestCaseInfo¶
Class that stores test case information defined in a data sheet. If you want to change the way you write test data, inherit this class and the AbstractionHttpRequestTestTemplate described above.
<IP_ADDRESS>.4. HttpRequestTestSupport¶
Superclass provided for the request unit test. Provides methods for the request unit test.
<IP_ADDRESS>.4.2. Advance preparation assistance function¶
To send a request to the built-in server, instances of HttpRequest and ExecutionContext are required. In HttpRequestTestSupport class, a method is provided by which these objects can be easily created.
<IP_ADDRESS>.4.2.1. HttpRequest¶
HttpRequest createHttpRequest(String requestUri, Map<String, String[]> params)
The following values are passed as arguments.
- Request URI to be tested
- Request parameters acquired above
In this method, an HTTPRequest instance is created based on the received request URI and request parameters, and the HTTP method is set to POST before returning. To configure data other than request parameters and URI to HttpRequest, configured with respect to an instance acquired by calling this method.
<IP_ADDRESS>.4.2.2. ExecutionContext¶
Create an ExecutionContext instance.
ExecutionContext createExecutionContext(String userId)
The user ID is specified in the argument.The specified user ID is stored in the session. By doing so, you are logged in with that user ID.
<IP_ADDRESS>.4.2.3. Token issuance¶
In order to test a URI with duplicate form submission protection, it is necessary to issue a token and set it in the session before executing the test. By calling the following method in HttpRequestTestSupport, the token will be issued and stored in the session.
void setValidToken(HttpRequest request, ExecutionContext context)
To control whether or not to set a token for test data when a request unit is executed, use the following method.
void setToken(HttpRequest request, ExecutionContext context, boolean valid)
If the third argument is boolean and true, the method works in the same way as setValidToken above. If the third argument is false, the token information is removed from the session. By using the method as follows, the need to write the branching process for whether or not to set a token in the test class, is eliminated.
// [Description] Assumed to be acquired from the test data.
String isTokenValid;
// [Description] The token is configured, if true.
setToken(req, ctx, Boolean.parseBoolean(isTokenValid)));
<IP_ADDRESS>.5. Execution¶
By calling the following method in HttpRequestTestSupport, the built-in server is started and the request is sent.
HttpResponse execute(String caseName, HttpRequest req, ExecutionContext ctx)
The following values are passed as arguments.
- Test case description
- HttpRequest
- ExectionContext
The test case description is used for the file name at the time of HTML dump output. For more information, see HTML dump output directory.
<IP_ADDRESS>.5.1. Initializing the system repository¶
Inside the execute method, the system repository is reinitialized. This allows continuous execution without separating the settings between class unit test and request unit test.
- Taking backup of the state of the current system repository
- Reinitializing the system repository using the component configuration file of the web application to be tested
- The backed up system repository is restored when the execute method ends
Refer to Various configuration values for configuration related to the web application to be tested.
<IP_ADDRESS>.6. Confirmation of results¶
<IP_ADDRESS>.6.1. Message¶
Check that the message stored in the application exception is as expected, by calling the following method in HttpRequestTestSupport.
void assertApplicationMessageId(String expectedCommaSeparated, ExecutionContext actual);
The following values are passed as arguments.
- Expected message (if there are more than one, specify by separating with a comma).
- Previously created ExecutionContext
If no exception is raised, or if an exception other than an application exception is raised, the assertion fails.
Tip
Since the comparison of message IDs is done after sorting the IDs, there is no need to worry about the order when describing the test data.
<IP_ADDRESS>.7. HTML dump output¶
<IP_ADDRESS>.7.1. HTML dump output directory¶
When the test is run, the tmp/html_dump directory is created in the root directory of the project for testing. A directory with the same name is created for each test class under that directory, and an HTML dump file with the same name as the description of the test case executed using the test class, is output.
In addition, since the HTML resources (resources such as style sheets and images) referenced by the HTML dump file are also output in this directory, you can refer to HTML in the same way in any environment by saving this directory.
- If the html_dump directory already exists, then the directory is backed up with the name html_dump_bk.
<IP_ADDRESS>. Various configuration values¶
Setting values that depend on the environment settings can be changed in the component configuration file. The items that can be configured are shown below.
<IP_ADDRESS>.1. Configuration item list of component configuration file¶
| Configuration item name | Description | Default values |
|---|---|---|
| htmlDumpDir | Specifies the directory to output the HTML dump file. | ./tmp/http_dump |
| webBaseDir | Root directory of the web application[1] | ../main/web |
| xmlComponentFile | Component configuration file to be used when request unit test is executed[2] | (None) |
| userIdSessionKey | Session key to store the user ID during login | user.id |
| exceptionRequestVarKey | Key of the request scope where the ApplicationException is stored. | nablarch_application_error |
| dumpFileExtension | Dump file extension | html |
| httpHeader | Value stored as HTTP request header in HttpRequest | Content-Type : application/x-www-form-urlencoded Accept-Language : ja JP |
| sessionInfo | Value stored in the session | (None) |
| htmlResourcesExtensionList | Extension of HTML resource copied to the dump directory | css, jpg, js |
| jsTestResourceDir | The name of the directory to copy the resources used when executing the javascript automated test. | ../test/web |
| backup | Dump directory backup On/Off | true |
| htmlResourcesCharset | Character code of CSS file (style sheet) | UTF-8 |
| checkHtml | Executing HTML check On/Off | true |
| htmlChecker | Specify the object to check HTML. The object must implement the nablarch.test.tool.htmlcheck.HtmlChecker interface. For more information, see Change HTML check contents. |
An instance of the
nablarch.test.tool.htmlcheck.Html4HtmlChecker
class. The configuration file configured in htmlCheckerConfig will be applied to the class. |
| htmlCheckerConfig | HTML check tool configuration file path. Valid only if htmlChecker is not configured. |
test/resources/httprequesttest/html-check-config.csv |
| ignoreHtmlResourceDirectory | LIST of directory names in the HTML resources that are not to be copied Tip If version control directories (.svn or .git) are configured as not to be copied, the performance when copying HTML resources will improve. |
(None) |
| tempDirectory | JSP compilation destination directory | Depends on jetty’s default behavior Tip In the default behavior of jetty, The default behavior of jetty is to compile in “/work”. If there is no ”. When “/work” does not exist, the Temp folder (in the case of Windown, the user’s Home directory/Local Settings/Temp) as the output destination. |
| uploadTmpDirectory | The directory where the upload files are temporarily stored. The files to be uploaded, which are prepared at the time of testing, are processed after being copied to this directory. Thus, even if files are moved by an action, it is only the files under this directory that are moved, and the physical files can be prevented from being moved. |
./tmp |
| dumpVariableItem | Sets whether or not to output the variable items when the HTML dump file is output. Here, the variable items are of the following two types:
Different values are set for these items for each test execution. Set this item to OFF (false) when you want the HTML dump result to be the same every time. (If you want to check that the result is not different from the result of the previous execution, etc.) Set this item to ON (true) when outputting a variable item as it is to HTML. |
false |
| [1] | If there is a common web module in project, configure the directory in this property using a comma separator. If more than one directory is specified, the resources are read in order from the first one. An example is shown below. <component name="httpTestConfiguration" class="nablarch.test.core.http.HttpTestConfiguration">
<property name="webBaseDir" value="/path/to/web-a/,/path/to/web-common"/>
In this case, the resources are searched in the order of web-a and web-common. |
| [2] | If this item is configured, it will be initialized in the component configuration file specified just before the request is sent. Normally, there is no need to configure this item. Configure this item only when you need to change the configuration between class unit test and request unit test. |
<IP_ADDRESS>.2. Example of component configuration file description¶
Here is a description example of the component configuration file. In addition to the default values described above, the following values are set in the session (sessionInfo).
| Key | Value | Description |
|---|---|---|
| commonHeaderLoginUserName | “Request unit test user” | Login user name to be displayed in the common header area |
| commonHeaderLoginDate | “20100914” | Login date and time to be displayed in the common header area |
<component name="httpTestConfiguration" class="nablarch.test.core.http.HttpTestConfiguration">
<property name="htmlDumpDir" value="./tmp/http_dump"/>
<property name="webBaseDir" value="../main/web"/>
<property name="xmlComponentFile" value="http-request-test.xml"/>
<property name="userIdSessionKey" value="user.id"/>
<property name="httpHeader">
<map>
<entry key="Content-Type" value="application/x-www-form-urlencoded"/>
<entry key="Accept-Language" value="ja JP"/>
</map>
</property>
<property name="sessionInfo">
<map>
<entry key="commonHeaderLoginUserName" value="Request unit test user"/>
<entry key="commonHeaderLoginDate" value="20100914" />
</map>
</property>
<property name="htmlResourcesExtensionList">
<list>
<value>css</value>
<value>jpg</value>
<value>js</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="backup" value="true" />
<property name="htmlResourcesCharset" value="UTF-8" />
<property name="ignoreHtmlResourceDirectory">
<list>
<value>.svn</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="tempDirectory" value="webTemp" />
<property name="htmlCheckerConfig"
value="test/resources/httprequesttest/html-check-config.csv" />
</component>
<IP_ADDRESS>.3. Other configuration¶
If you are developing on a PC that does not have high performance and want to improve the execution speed of the request unit test, you can improve the execution speed by doing the following configuration.
Tip
The configuration is effective for PCs with low performance CPUs such as Pentium4 and Pentinum Dual-Core. On the contrary, for machines with newer CPUs, the configuration is not that effective; hence, there is no need to do the configuration unnecessarily.
<IP_ADDRESS>.3.1. Specifying JVM options¶
The overhead of heap size expansion can be avoided by setting the same value for maximum and minimum heap size.
-Xms256m -Xmx256m
In addition, the execution speed is improved by omitting the verification of the class file.
-Xverfiy:none
How to configure with Eclipse is as shown below.
- Select “Run(実行)” > “Run Configuration(実行構成)” from the menu bar.
- In the “Run Configuration(実行構成)” window, click on the “Arguments(引数)” tab and specify the above options in the “VM Arguments(VM引数)” field.
Also, you can set the default VM arguments with the following method without changing the execution configuration.
- Select “Window(ウィンドウ)” > “Settings(設定)” from the menu bar. In the “Settings(設定)” window that is displayed, select “Installed JREs(インストール済みのJRE)”.
- Select the JRE you want to use from the list of installed JREs that is displayed, and click the “Edit(編集)” button.
- Specify the above-mentioned option in the “VM argument(VM引数)” field.
<IP_ADDRESS>.3.2. Specifying an alternate JRE¶
If you are developing with JavaSE5 JDK, then using JavaSE6 JRE only at the time of test execution will improve the execution speed, especially the start-up speed.
How to configure with Eclipse is as shown below.
- Select “Run(実行)” > “Run Configuration(実行構成)” from the menu bar.
- On the “Execution Configuration(実行構成)” window that is displayed, click the “JRE” tab and select JRE of JavaSE6 in the “Alternate JRE(代替JRE)”.
Tip
To configure this setting, you need to install the JavaSE6 JDK or JRE in advance and register it as “Installed JRE(インストール済みのJRE)” in Eclipse.
<IP_ADDRESS>.3.3. Suppression of HTML resource copying¶
If the following system properties are specified when executing a request unit, HTML resource copying can be suppressed at the time of HTML dump output.
-Dnablarch.test.skip-resource-copy=true
If you do not edit static HTML resources such as CSS or image files frequently, you can set this system property because you don’t need to copy the HTML resources every time a test is executed.
Important
When this system property is specified, the HTML resources are not copied. Therefore, even if HTML resources such as CSS are edited, it is not reflected in the HTML dump output.
Tip
If the HTML resource directory does not exist, the HTML resources will be copied regardless of whether this system property is set or not.
How to configure with Eclipse is as shown below.
- Select “Run(実行)” > “Run Configuration(実行構成)” from the menu bar.
- In the “Run Configuration(実行構成)” window, click on the “Arguments(引数)” tab and specify the above options in the “VM Arguments(VM引数)” field.


Let’s talk about the graphics pipeline, and specifically the parts of the graphics pipeline you can control through programming. It's essentially the process the computer takes to turn code into graphics displayed on the screen. Right now there are a lot of steps and sub steps within this pipeline, and we can control a decent number of them with the use of high level languages. To better understand where we’re at now it’s best to look at where we’ve come from. I’ll start with Pong, a 2D video game created in 1972 by Nolan Kay Bushnell.
Back then computers were a lot less powerful, computing power was a huge constraint. When Bushnell first thought of making a computer arcade game, he wanted to make a game similar to Spacewar, something he played a lot and a game that was developed at MIT because they had the resources to do so. Bushnell tried to find a way to make a new game that was economical and could be sold to arcades. But he realized that no matter how many quarters he made off his game, it just wouldn’t cover the cost of the $4,000 “mini” computer (which was the size of a refrigerator, and was the cheapest on the market at the time) that was required to run it. Bushnell, ever persistent, tried to find elements of his game (like the stars in the background) that he could generate directly on the hardware of a chip rather than in the CPU of the computer. That’s when he had his big breakthrough. “Why not do it all on the hardware?” he asked himself. Instead of writing code to run on a processor, he designed switches on an actual circuit board to run the logic of the game and map the colors to the screen. This revolutionary idea allowed him to create the game for the measly cost of $1,000 and sparked his career. He’d later go on to found the company Atari, and create Pong using a similar strategy. He wrapped Pong’s circuit in one of the world’s first gaming consoles (it was solely dedicated to playing Pong), which originally sold to arcades for around $1,200 a pop, producing a nice profit. It became clear to the world that running graphics processing as close to the hardware was easily the most efficient way to do it. At this point the full graphics pipeline looked something like this.
____________ | | | SCREEN | | | ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
If it looks simple that's because it is. The hardware talks directly to the screen, there's nothing more to it.
Throughout the years this simple concept of running logic on hardware was utilized more in games, movies, and television. A particularly notable instance comes from Star Wars IV: A New Hope. Larry Cuba was tasked with implementing the animation for the death star. Before that the vast majority of graphics were done in 2D, using a cartesian coordinate system with an X and Y axis. Cuba created an application in the GRASS (GRAphics Symbiosis System) programming language that allowed for the input of a third Z axis. Not only that, but his application allowed for all the logic having to do with basic transformations, like rotation and scaling, as well as the displaying of the model to a 2D picture, to run directly on the hardware. It was wildly efficient, but Cuba hit a snag, which would end up exposing one of the more difficult problems in the history of computer graphics. The only reason the display was able to happen directly on the hardware was because it used parallel projection instead of true perspective, which essentially means that all the geometry of the scene was defined by rays being cast out from the perspective of the camera, and not as actual models in 3D space. Cuba stated about the problem, “...I needed perspective for this project, so I was back to using software for the projection and therefore was *not* able to animate the scene in real time.” In fact, moving the perspective logic back to the software made each frame get generated in around 12 hours and slowed his work down immensely. In the end, he was able to finish the death star animation in the nick of time despite the long processing time. We’ve now added a few steps in our graphics pipeline because of the constraints Cuba faced.
________________________________ ______________ ____________ | | | | | | | APPLICATION INITIALIZATION | ===> | GEOMETRY | ===> | SCREEN | | | | | | | ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
We have two steps that run as software before we're able to directly to the screen.
Fast forward 5 years to 1982. 3D computer graphics evolved from being added flare in movies, to being what movies could be entirely comprised of. A film called Tron took the same CPU-computed vector graphics system that brought us the death star and expanded on it to create the world’s first movie with extensive 3D graphics. To achieve this, engineers working for Disney had to use elaborate matting strategies and complex sorting algorithms to create the illusion of a world made up of solid surfaces. The processing time was even longer for this movie because it had so much computation to do; it took up to 30 hours per frame.
In the same year, a new concept was made popular that would rock the foundation of 3D graphics. The Commodore 64 had just come out, a personal computer that introduced rasterization. Rasterization allows you to represent images on your display in a grid system of rectangular points called pixels. The images are typically saved and parsed in a dot matrix structure, which is simply a two-dimensional patterned array. Dot matrix patterns have been used in knitting for centuries! Anyway, rasterization opened the door for film makers to innovate within the space of entertainment. Mapping pixels to colors allowed for an alternative to the vector graphics used to compute earlier models (like the death star or the models in Tron). The company Pixar used a combination of these strategies when creating their first ever animated short ‘Luxo Jr.’ in 1985. They used the CPU to compute all of the geometry and effects of the scene, and then came up with algorithms to translate that geometry into a 2D pixel matrix format. This process would become known to the world as ‘rasterization’ or ‘rendering’, and Pixar would end up being pretty damn good at it. This puts another step in our graphics pipeline!
________________________________ ______________ ___________________ ____________ | | | | | | | | | APPLICATION INITIALIZATION | ===> | GEOMETRY | ===> | RASTERIZATION | ===> | SCREEN | | | | | | | | | ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
This is actually pretty much the same general pipeline we use today. All further innovation has been done within each of these boxes, specifically in getting portions of them to run closer to the hardware of the GPU.
We didn’t really hit another high mark for 3D animation until the mid 1990s when larger film studios and design firms began to realize that they could really make a lot of money off of animated films and software products. In 1993 the first big budget CGI film, Jurassic Park, was released. Jurassic Park was special in that it utilized what’re called ‘animatronics’, which are lifelike 3D models made to scale and built using robotics to move in a particular way (in this case like how dinosaurs do). You film using these animatronics, and then layer your effects, like texturing, lighting, shading, etc… over it. This greatly reduced the amount of computation required because most of the geometry was taken care of by the animatrons.
1994 marked another important year, when the Boeing 777 flight was tested by aerospace engineers entirely in Ansys, a 3D simulation software that allows you to upload models of whatever you want and define the parameters that constrain your test. This is merely one example of CAD (computer aided design) software changing the world of product design. It’d be way too long to go into detail about all examples.
1995 was also a big year. You notice how these important years are getting closer and closer together? Just you wait. Another one of my favorite movies of all time, Toy Story, was released! It was a huge innovation because it was the world’s first fully CGI movie. More than that, it was the first instance of really intertwining CGI with storytelling. Everything from the storyboard through the script and the voice acting and the clay modeling and the sets and animations and effects served the final step of rendering. It was the first time where the entire narrative process had been wrapped within the context of 3D graphics. Needless to say, Toy Story was a huge hit and pushed Pixar forward as an industry leader within the space of entertainment.
By 1997 interest had grown in 3D graphics to the point where everyday programmers wanted to be able to make their own graphics projects at home without requiring the big budget that comes along with being a movie studio or design firm. All of these algorithms and strategies for doing geometry, animation, effects, and rendering were great, but they were all wrapped in proprietary software applications that were owned by large companies. No one could touch them! A company called The Khronos Group was founded with the intent of giving developers an API-level interface to be able to make graphics software. They achieved their goal by releasing the first version of OpenGL. The graphics pipeline remained unaltered (for now), but it was now easy for a developer to simply import OpenGL into their C or C++ project and start making advanced 3D graphics. This was an absolutely huge event because it allowed for innovation to happen from the comfort of a single developer’s desk chair. As you can imagine, the world of graphics programming grew exponentially because of this accessibility.
The early 2000s brought with them two drivers for innovation: the internet, and the video game industry. Mozilla, the open source software community founded by members of the Netscape company, was getting a lot traction with its rendering software. It was proof that the concepts of 3D animation could be applied within web pages. To the same end, a 3D design company named Sketchup released the first ever web-based CAD system. On the video game side, the Final Fantasy movie (entitled "The Spirits Within") became one of the first programs to animate tears, water and other liquids through the use of a system of small dots in 3D space called particles. The particles would have liquid-based physics applied to them, and then a reflective texture overlaid atop them. Also in the video game space, the DOOM3 graphics engine, in 2003, became the first high level program that would generate everything for you so you wouldn’t even have to worry very much about coding. Many video game startups and indie companies still use this same strategy with newer software programs (like Unity or Unreal Engine).
In 2004 the Khronos group changed graphics programming again. They released a second version of OpenGL, known as OpenGL 2.0, which created a new high level language for running programs on the GPU instead of the CPU. This was a huge deal because of the parallelization that the GPU offers (here’s a fun demo showing this). They called these programs shader programs, and the C-like language they created they called GLSL (Graphics Library Shader Language). Specifically they introduced two types of shaders, vertex shaders and fragment shaders. Vertex shaders are fed data about the specific vertices of the polygons through blocks in memory called vertex array objects. They take this info as input, run all their logic on the GPU, then output the new position of each vertex (there must be a 1-to-1 relationship between input vertices and output vertices). They typically perform geometric transformations like translation, scaling, and rotation (Though they can do a lot of other things too. For a good overview check out this website. An alternative to using vertex shaders is to use the CUDA platform, created by Nvidia in 2007. It allows you to write your GPU instructions in C++ instead of GLSL. It doesn’t particularly matter which you pick, they both do a good job, but typically programmers have an easier time understanding CUDA at first (I know I did) because the logic and the code look like what you’re used to. In the next phase, the fragment shader takes the concept of rasterization and pushes it onto the GPU. After the initial rasterization happens, the software will take the pixels and for each one generate a fragment, which is a block in memory that holds all of the data required about that pixel for any given frame. This data includes the X and Y coordinates, and all the interpolated per-vertex values from the vertex shader. These frames are used as input to the shader, then the fragment shader runs its logic on the GPU, and outputs a depth value and a color value associated with that pixel. Fragment shaders are typically used for lighting, texturing, and other effects (again can do a lot of other things. Check it out!). This is the first time in a long time that the graphics pipeline has been altered in a substantial way!
________________________________ _____________________ ___________________ ____________________ ___________________ _____________________ ____________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | APPLICATION INITIALIZATION | ===> | INPUT ASSEMBLER | ===> | VERTEX SHADER | ===> | OTHER GEOMETRY | ===> | RASTERIZATION | ===> | FRAGMENT SHADER | ===> | SCREEN | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
Another five years later, in 2009, innovations in graphics programming were still in full swing. The Khronos group released OpenGL 3.0 which brought a new shader with it called the geometry shader. This allowed for all the geometry necessary for animations and whatnot to be run on the GPU. Along with that, other innovations were happening to combine graphics with real life models, building on what Jurassic Park had started. More advanced particle systems, image processing, and more were all happening too! Check out this video for a summary.
________________________________ _____________________ ___________________ _____________________ ___________________ _____________________ ____________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | APPLICATION INITIALIZATION | ===> | INPUT ASSEMBLER | ===> | VERTEX SHADER | ===> | GEOMETRY SHADER | ===> | RASTERIZATION | ===> | FRAGMENT SHADER | ===> | SCREEN | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
The pipeline with the geometry shader step added.
Following this work, the Khronos group introduced another shader in 2010 with the release of OpenGL 4.0. The line between the vertex shader and the geometry shader was taking too long. The process of dividing the vertices up into smaller primitives (called tessellation) to run geometric logic on was simply too costly to run on the CPU. So they made the tessellation shader.
________________________________ _____________________ ___________________ _________________________ _____________________ ___________________ _____________________ ____________ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | APPLICATION INITIALIZATION | ===> | INPUT ASSEMBLER | ===> | VERTEX SHADER | ===> | TESSELLATION SHADER | ===> | GEOMETRY SHADER | ===> | RASTERIZATION | ===> | FRAGMENT SHADER | ===> | SCREEN | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
A year later in 2011, Mozilla, in collaboration with the Khronos group, created WebGL, which is the same thing as OpenGL, but with a Javascript API instead of a C/C++ one. This meant that any graphics program you wanted to run you could now run in a browser using Javascript! Check out this dope website for some examples!
Today the most innovative work in computer graphics is being done with AI, big data, source mapping, and parallelization. AIs are now able to recognize sketches drawn by humans, and generate plausible shapes for things like lamps or airplanes. Big data allows us to fully realize things like timelapse videos without having the background get jumpy or distorted. Source mapping can now manipulate videos in real time, altering the target video based on input from the source video (Here’s a fun example). The most important innovation, however, has come from a push towards thread-based parallel programming. Some members of the Khronos group split to a new project called Vulkan, created in February of 2016, which is now the primary alternative to OpenGL. The main difference between the two is that Vulkan gives you lower level control over the task scheduling and threading that the operating system provides, and allows for the entire pipeline to be run in parallel with others on different threads.
It’s an exciting time in the world of graphics programming! Who knows where we’ll go next! It's important that you know that I'm still learning this as I go, so if I got anything wrong in this post please email me and I'll fix it!


A ProgressView represents completion of a task or the occurance of an activity with an unknown completion time. A default value of 1.0 is used for the total value when tracking completion progress. As the example demonstrates below, different configurations of a progress view are possible.
import SwiftUI
struct ContentView: View {
var body: some View {
VStack(spacing: 30) {
ProgressView()
ProgressView("Loading...")
ProgressView(value: 0.3)
ProgressView(value: 40, total: 100)
ProgressView(value: 0.55) {
Label("Loading", systemImage: "bolt.fill")
}
ProgressView(value: 0.25, label: {
Label("Loading", systemImage: "bolt.fill")
}, currentValueLabel: {
Text("0.25")
})
ProgressView(value: 10.0, total: 100.0, label: {
Label("Download", systemImage: "icloud.and.arrow.down")
}, currentValueLabel: {
HStack {
Text("0")
Spacer()
Text("50")
Spacer()
Text("100")
}
})
}
.padding()
.frame(width: 400, height: 500)
}
}
The next example uses a state variable x to update the progress view by 10 when the "Add 10" button is clicked. A progress view is often associated with a background task; consequently, the progress view must be updated on the main thread. This is demonstrated with the "Add 20 bg" button in the example shown below.
import SwiftUI
struct ContentView: View {
@State private var x = 0.0
var body: some View {
VStack {
ProgressView(
"Downloading... \(String(format: "%.0f", x))%",
value: x,
total: 100.0
)
// Increase progress bar by 10
Button("Add 10") {
if x < 100.0 {
x += 10.0
}
}
// Increase progress bar by 20 using value from background thread
Button("Add 20 bg") {
DispatchQueue.global(qos: .background).async {
let z = 10.0
DispatchQueue.main.async {
if x < 100.0 {
x += 10.0 + z
}
}
}
}
}
.padding()
.frame(width: 400, height: 300)
}
}
Swift Programming for macOS © 2023
Built by Gavin Wiggins


Would you recommend freeCodeCamp to a friend?
What is your favourite feature of freecodecamp
What would you like to see improved?(Check all that apply)
Any comments or suggestions?


Borrowing this from Python for Dummies (a very good book to start with
Python):
Having a conversation with your computer might sound like the script of
a science fiction movie. After all, the members of the Enterprise on Star
Trek regularly talked with their computer. In fact, the computer often talked
back. However, with the rise ofApple's Siriand other interactive software, perhaps you really don’t find a
conversation so unbelievable.
Asking the computer for information is one thing, but providing it with instructions is quite another. This website considers why you want to instruct your
computer about anything and what benefit you gain from it. You also discover
the need for a special language when performing this kind of communication
and why you want to use Python to accomplish it. However, the main thing
to get out of this site is that programming is simply a kind of communication that
is akin to other forms of communication you already have with your
computer.
Welcome to PyWe (PythonwithEllie), a platform for teaching and learning Python from scratch -- Happy Pythoning 😊.


Query<T> |
Query.alias(String alias) |
Set root table alias.
|
Query<T> |
ExpressionList.apply(FetchPath fetchPath) |
Apply the path properties to the query replacing the select and fetch clauses.
|
Query<T> |
Query.apply(FetchPath fetchPath) |
Apply the path properties replacing the select and fetch clauses.
|
Query<T> |
OrderBy.asc(String propertyName) |
Add a property with ascending order to this OrderBy.
|
Query<T> |
OrderBy.asc(String propertyName,
String collation) |
Add a property with ascending order to this OrderBy.
|
Query<T> |
ExpressionList.asDraft() |
Execute the query against the draft set of tables.
|
Query<T> |
Query.asDraft() |
Execute the query against the draft set of tables.
|
Query<T> |
ExpressionList.asOf(Timestamp asOf) |
Perform an 'As of' query using history tables to return the object graph
as of a time in the past.
|
Query<T> |
Query.asOf(Timestamp asOf) |
Perform an 'As of' query using history tables to return the object graph
as of a time in the past.
|
Query<T> |
Query.copy() |
Return a copy of the query.
|
<T> Query<T> |
Database.createNamedQuery(Class<T> beanType,
String namedQuery) |
Create a named query.
|
static <T> Query<T> |
DB.createNamedQuery(Class<T> beanType,
String namedQuery) |
Create a named query.
|
static <T> Query<T> |
Ebean.createNamedQuery(Class<T> beanType,
String namedQuery) |
Deprecated.
Create a named query.
|
<T> Query<T> |
Database.createQuery(Class<T> beanType) |
|
<T> Query<T> |
Database.createQuery(Class<T> beanType,
String ormQuery) |
Parse the Ebean query language statement returning the query which can then
be modified (add expressions, change order by clause, change maxRows, change
fetch and select paths etc).
|
static <T> Query<T> |
DB.createQuery(Class<T> beanType) |
Create a query for a type of entity bean.
|
static <T> Query<T> |
DB.createQuery(Class<T> beanType,
String eql) |
Parse the Ebean query language statement returning the query which can then
be modified (add expressions, change order by clause, change maxRows, change
fetch and select paths etc).
|
static <T> Query<T> |
Ebean.createQuery(Class<T> beanType) |
Deprecated.
Create a query for a type of entity bean.
|
static <T> Query<T> |
Ebean.createQuery(Class<T> beanType,
String eql) |
Deprecated.
Parse the Ebean query language statement returning the query which can then
be modified (add expressions, change order by clause, change maxRows, change
fetch and select paths etc).
|
Query<T> |
OrderBy.desc(String propertyName) |
Add a property with descending order to this OrderBy.
|
Query<T> |
OrderBy.desc(String propertyName,
String collation) |
Add a property with descending order to this OrderBy.
|
Query<T> |
Query.fetch(String path) |
Specify a path to fetch eagerly including all its properties.
|
Query<T> |
Query.fetch(String path,
FetchConfig fetchConfig) |
Additionally specify a JoinConfig to specify a "query join" and or define
the lazy loading query.
|
Query<T> |
Query.fetch(String path,
String fetchProperties) |
Specify a path to fetch eagerly including specific properties.
|
Query<T> |
Query.fetch(String path,
String fetchProperties,
FetchConfig fetchConfig) |
Additionally specify a FetchConfig to use a separate query or lazy loading
to load this path.
|
Query<T> |
Query.fetchCache(String path) |
Fetch the path eagerly using L2 cache.
|
Query<T> |
Query.fetchCache(String path,
String fetchProperties) |
Fetch the path and properties using L2 bean cache.
|
Query<T> |
Query.fetchLazy(String path) |
Fetch the path lazily (via batch lazy loading).
|
Query<T> |
Query.fetchLazy(String path,
String fetchProperties) |
Fetch the path and properties lazily (via batch lazy loading).
|
Query<T> |
Query.fetchQuery(String path) |
Fetch the path eagerly using a "query join" (separate SQL query).
|
Query<T> |
Query.fetchQuery(String path,
String fetchProperties) |
Fetch the path and properties using a "query join" (separate SQL query).
|
<T> Query<T> |
Database.find(Class<T> beanType) |
Create a query for a type of entity bean.
|
static <T> Query<T> |
DB.find(Class<T> beanType) |
Create a query for a type of entity bean.
|
static <T> Query<T> |
Ebean.find(Class<T> beanType) |
Deprecated.
Create a query for a type of entity bean.
|
<T> Query<T> |
Database.findNative(Class<T> beanType,
String nativeSql) |
Create a query using native SQL.
|
static <T> Query<T> |
DB.findNative(Class<T> beanType,
String nativeSql) |
Create a query using native SQL.
|
static <T> Query<T> |
Ebean.findNative(Class<T> beanType,
String nativeSql) |
Deprecated.
Create a query using native SQL.
|
Query<T> |
ExpressionList.forUpdate() |
Execute using "for update" clause which results in the DB locking the record.
|
Query<T> |
Query.forUpdate() |
Execute using "for update" clause which results in the DB locking the record.
|
Query<T> |
ExpressionList.forUpdateNoWait() |
Execute using "for update" clause with No Wait option.
|
Query<T> |
Query.forUpdateNoWait() |
Execute using "for update" clause with "no wait" option.
|
Query<T> |
ExpressionList.forUpdateSkipLocked() |
Execute using "for update" clause with Skip Locked option.
|
Query<T> |
Query.forUpdateSkipLocked() |
Execute using "for update" clause with "skip locked" option.
|
Query<T> |
FutureIds.getQuery() |
Returns the original query used to fetch the Id's.
|
Query<T> |
FutureList.getQuery() |
Return the query that is being executed by a background thread.
|
Query<T> |
OrderBy.getQuery() |
Return the associated query if there is one.
|
Query<T> |
Query.having(Expression addExpressionToHaving) |
Add an expression to the having clause returning the query.
|
Query<T> |
Finder.nativeSql(String nativeSql) |
Creates a native sql query.
|
Query<T> |
Query.order(String orderByClause) |
Set the order by clause replacing the existing order by clause if there is
one.
|
Query<T> |
Query.orderBy(String orderByClause) |
Set the order by clause replacing the existing order by clause if there is
one.
|
Query<T> |
ExpressionList.orderById(boolean orderById) |
Controls, if paginated queries should always append an 'order by id' statement at the end to
guarantee a deterministic sort result.
|
Query<T> |
Query.orderById(boolean orderById) |
Controls, if paginated queries should always append an 'order by id' statement at the end to
guarantee a deterministic sort result.
|
Query<T> |
ExpressionList.query() |
Return the query that owns this expression list.
|
Query<T> |
Finder.query() |
Creates a query.
|
Query<T> |
Finder.query(String ormQuery) |
Creates a query using the ORM query language.
|
Query<T> |
ExpressionList.select(FetchGroup<T> fetchGroup) |
Apply the fetchGroup which defines what part of the object graph to load.
|
Query<T> |
ExpressionList.select(String properties) |
Specify specific properties to fetch on the main/root bean (aka partial
object).
|
Query<T> |
Query.select(FetchGroup<T> fetchGroup) |
Apply the fetchGroup which defines what part of the object graph to load.
|
Query<T> |
Query.select(String fetchProperties) |
Specify the properties to fetch on the root level entity bean in comma delimited format.
|
Query<T> |
Query.setAllowLoadErrors() |
Execute the query allowing properties with invalid JSON to be collected and not fail the query.
|
Query<T> |
Query.setAutoTune(boolean autoTune) |
Explicitly specify whether to use AutoTune for this query.
|
Query<T> |
Query.setBaseTable(String baseTable) |
Set the base table to use for this query.
|
Query<T> |
ExpressionList.setBeanCacheMode(CacheMode beanCacheMode) |
Set the mode to use the bean cache when executing this query.
|
Query<T> |
Query.setBeanCacheMode(CacheMode beanCacheMode) |
Set the mode to use the bean cache when executing this query.
|
Query<T> |
Query.setBufferFetchSizeHint(int fetchSize) |
A hint which for JDBC translates to the Statement.fetchSize().
|
Query<T> |
ExpressionList.setCountDistinct(CountDistinctOrder orderBy) |
Extended version for setDistinct in conjunction with "findSingleAttributeList";
|
Query<T> |
Query.setCountDistinct(CountDistinctOrder orderBy) |
Extended version for setDistinct in conjunction with "findSingleAttributeList";
|
Query<T> |
ExpressionList.setDisableLazyLoading(boolean disableLazyLoading) |
Set true if you want to disable lazy loading.
|
Query<T> |
Query.setDisableLazyLoading(boolean disableLazyLoading) |
Set true if you want to disable lazy loading.
|
Query<T> |
ExpressionList.setDisableReadAuditing() |
Disable read auditing for this query.
|
Query<T> |
Query.setDisableReadAuditing() |
Disable read auditing for this query.
|
Query<T> |
ExpressionList.setDistinct(boolean distinct) |
Set whether this query uses DISTINCT.
|
Query<T> |
Query.setDistinct(boolean isDistinct) |
Set whether this query uses DISTINCT.
|
Query<T> |
ExpressionList.setDocIndexName(String indexName) |
Set the index(es) to search for a document store which uses partitions.
|
Query<T> |
Query.setDocIndexName(String indexName) |
Set the index(es) to search for a document store which uses partitions.
|
Query<T> |
Query.setFirstRow(int firstRow) |
Set the first row to return for this query.
|
Query<T> |
Query.setId(Object id) |
Set the Id value to query.
|
Query<T> |
ExpressionList.setIncludeSoftDeletes() |
Execute the query including soft deleted rows.
|
Query<T> |
Query.setIncludeSoftDeletes() |
Execute the query including soft deleted rows.
|
Query<T> |
Query.setInheritType(Class<? extends T> type) |
Restrict the query to only return subtypes of the given inherit type.
|
Query<T> |
ExpressionList.setLabel(String label) |
Set a label on the query (to help identify query execution statistics).
|
Query<T> |
Query.setLabel(String label) |
Set a label on the query.
|
Query<T> |
Query.setLazyLoadBatchSize(int lazyLoadBatchSize) |
Set the default lazy loading batch size to use.
|
Query<T> |
Query.setLoadBeanCache(boolean loadBeanCache) |
Will be deprecated - migrate to use setBeanCacheMode(CacheMode.RECACHE).
|
Query<T> |
ExpressionList.setMapKey(String mapKey) |
Set the name of the property which values become the key of a map.
|
Query<T> |
Query.setMapKey(String mapKey) |
Set the property to use as keys for a map.
|
Query<T> |
Query.setMaxRows(int maxRows) |
Set the maximum number of rows to return in the query.
|
Query<T> |
Query.setOrder(OrderBy<T> orderBy) |
Set an OrderBy object to replace any existing OrderBy clause.
|
Query<T> |
ExpressionList.setOrderBy(String orderBy) |
Deprecated.
|
Query<T> |
Query.setOrderBy(OrderBy<T> orderBy) |
Set an OrderBy object to replace any existing OrderBy clause.
|
Query<T> |
Query.setParameter(int position,
Object value) |
Set an ordered bind parameter according to its position.
|
Query<T> |
Query.setParameter(Object value) |
Bind the next positioned parameter.
|
Query<T> |
Query.setParameter(String name,
Object value) |
Set a named bind parameter.
|
Query<T> |
Query.setParameters(Object... values) |
Bind all the positioned parameters.
|
Query<T> |
Query.setPersistenceContextScope(PersistenceContextScope scope) |
Specify the PersistenceContextScope to use for this query.
|
Query<T> |
Query.setProfileLocation(ProfileLocation profileLocation) |
Set the profile location of this query.
|
Query<T> |
Query.setRawSql(RawSql rawSql) |
Set RawSql to use for this query.
|
Query<T> |
Query.setReadOnly(boolean readOnly) |
When set to true when you want the returned beans to be read only.
|
Query<T> |
Query.setTimeout(int secs) |
Set a timeout on this query.
|
Query<T> |
ExpressionList.setUseCache(boolean useCache) |
Set to true when this query should use the bean cache.
|
default Query<T> |
Query.setUseCache(boolean useCache) |
Set this to false to not use the bean cache.
|
Query<T> |
ExpressionList.setUseDocStore(boolean useDocsStore) |
Set to true if this query should execute against the doc store.
|
Query<T> |
Query.setUseDocStore(boolean useDocStore) |
Set to true if this query should execute against the doc store.
|
default Query<T> |
ExpressionList.setUseQueryCache(boolean enabled) |
|
Query<T> |
ExpressionList.setUseQueryCache(CacheMode useCache) |
Set the CacheMode to use the query cache for executing this query.
|
default Query<T> |
Query.setUseQueryCache(boolean enabled) |
|
Query<T> |
Query.setUseQueryCache(CacheMode queryCacheMode) |
Set the CacheMode to use the query for executing this query.
|
Query<T> |
ExpressionList.usingConnection(Connection connection) |
Execute the query using the given connection.
|
Query<T> |
Query.usingConnection(Connection connection) |
Execute the query using the given connection.
|
Query<T> |
Query.usingDatabase(Database database) |
Execute the query using the given database.
|
Query<T> |
ExpressionList.usingTransaction(Transaction transaction) |
Execute the query using the given transaction.
|
Query<T> |
Query.usingTransaction(Transaction transaction) |
Execute the query using the given transaction.
|
Query<T> |
Query.where(Expression expression) |
Add a single Expression to the where clause returning the query.
|
Query<T> |
ExpressionList.withLock(Query.LockType lockType) |
Execute the query with the given lock type and WAIT.
|
Query<T> |
ExpressionList.withLock(Query.LockType lockType,
Query.LockWait lockWait) |
Execute the query with the given lock type and lock wait.
|
Query<T> |
Query.withLock(Query.LockType lockType) |
Execute the query with the given lock type and WAIT.
|
Query<T> |
Query.withLock(Query.LockType lockType,
Query.LockWait lockWait) |
Execute the query with the given lock type and lock wait.
|


https://github.com/gorakhargosh/watchdog
Motivation: coffeescript, markdown, haml, etc
Python API library and shell utilities to monitor file system events.
Cross platform API
Start the observer thread and wait for it generate events.
By default, an watchdog.observers.Observer instance will not monitor sub-directories.
1 import time
2 from watchdog.observers import Observer
3 from watchdog.events import LoggingEventHandler
4
5 if __name__ == "__main__":
6 event_handler = LoggingEventHandler()
7 observer = Observer()
8 observer.schedule(event_handler, path='.', recursive=True)
9 observer.start()
10 try:
11 while True:
12 time.sleep(1)
13 except KeyboardInterrupt:
14 observer.stop()
15 observer.join()
1 import time
2 from watchdog.observers import Observer
3 from watchdog.events import FileSystemEventHandler, FileModifiedEvent
4 import sys
5 from subprocess import call
6
7 class MdCompileHandler(FileSystemEventHandler):
8 def on_modified(self, event):
9 if isinstance(event, FileModifiedEvent) and event.src_path.endswith('.md'):
10 print 'Change in %s detected... Recompiling markdown' % event.src_path.split('/')[-1]
11 call(['landslide', sys.argv[1]])
12
13 if __name__ == "__main__":
14 event_handler = MdCompileHandler()
15 observer = Observer()
16 observer.schedule(event_handler, path='.', recursive=False)
17 observer.start()
18 try:
19 while True:
20 time.sleep(1)
21 except KeyboardInterrupt:
22 observer.stop()
23 observer.join()
| python - watchdog | 1 |
|---|---|
| python - watchdog | 2 |
| how to use | 3 |
| example | 4 |
| example - this presentation | 5 |
| thanks =] !! github.com/gorakhargosh/watchdog |
6 |
| Table of Contents | t |
|---|---|
| Exposé | ESC |
| Full screen slides | e |
| Presenter View | p |
| Source Files | s |
| Slide Numbers | n |
| Toggle screen blanking | b |
| Show/hide slide context | c |
| Notes | 2 |
| Help | h |


About the Virtual Letter of Life Project
On May 20, 2020, the Salisbury Fire Department published a Request For Proposal (RFP) through the City of Salisbury's GovQuote web portal. Team 3, SWEN 670 (Summer), at the University of Maryland, Global Campus (UMGC), responded to the proposal the next day.
The Salisbury Fire Department's Business Problem and Desired Outcomes were:
"We are searching for a system that will allow emergency medical services (EMS) to retrieve the medical information contained in a patient's "Letter of Life" at any location.
"In an emergency, the Letter of Life provides responders with a list of pertinent medical conditions and illnesses when the patient cannot provide this information on their own. We recommend all residents, especially the elderly and those suffering from chronic medical conditions, to complete a "Letter of Life" and place it in a location easily accessible by EMS personnel, such as on a refrigerator or by the entry door to the residence. However, when an emergency occurs outside the home, EMS personnel cannot access this list, which is why we are searching for an easily accessible, cloud-based version of the letter.
"Our desired outcomes are:
- Provide EMS personnel access to a patient's Letter of Life information, from a laptop and mobile device, through a secure, but easily navigable interface.
- Allow EMS personnel to scan a barcode or quick response (QR) code, found on a non-electronic token, such as a card, a bracelet, or necklace, and retrieve Letter of Life information for non-responsive patients.
- Allow patients and authorized users to create, read, update, and delete records, from a desktop or laptop computer, through a secure, but easily navigable administration interface.
- Allow patients and authorized users to print Letters of Life or save them in portable data format (PDF).
This web site demonstrates how we satisfied the client's business problem and how we met each desired outcome.
Return to Home Page


For this question, refer back to the code in linkedchain.java What if the line statement:
chain.add(16);
was added after the line
chain.add(57);
what would the the order of the integers be starting at the front of the chain?
hint 2 would go here


How do i proceed - Nothing special, just start adding components and services as you normally would
Whats that to left side - Demos of some of components that might come handy to you
Show me what the kit has - Sure, head over here
Whats the version of angular- V9
Start Building Your Own Use Case


I, Abbie Joy Cruz Salvatierra, hereby introduce myself as a student in the University of Manila, taking up Bachelor of Science in Computer Science. The purpose of this website is to present my skills and potential in designing websites.
I have learned different computer languages and I have experiences in web designing. As I have learnt it during studying in my University, I want to improve my skills and knowledge in this field by working in your company.
I am looking forward to work and help you in your company. Thank you so much for your consideration.
Click here: My Resume


System Architect Definitions, Encyclopedia:"D:\DATA\SYSARCH\HCM\GEN_DATA\SUBJECT\V01\CURRENT\"
Object Representation (Class)
- Description:
Representation of an "Object" in a "Subject".
- Comment:
Any "Subject" may hold information about an "Object", either itself or others. Typically, such
"Subjects" are created expressly to perform this role, eg case notes, electronic patient records,
but sometimes this is done by impressing the information on a "Subject" which has other roles.
Examples would be batch number and use by date on a drug container, manufacturer logo on a capsule.
- Source:
HcM QA
- State Type:
F
- &Abstract:
F
- Value:
F
Object/Essential Type (Gen-Spec Arc)
- Base Class:
Object
- Open:
F
- Definitions Used:
-
Object (Class)
Object (Class)
- Description:
Part of the perceivable or conceivable universe.
- Comment:
-
Previous documented definitions providing the source for the above are:
Something that exists (CBS v2).
- Source:
CBS V2 Gen
- Previous name:
OBJECT
- State Type:
F
- &Attributes:
-
Identifier
- &Abstract:
F
- Value:
F
- Definitions Used:
-
Identifier (Class Attribute)
object (Association)
- From Class:
Object
- To Class:
"Access Group For Object"
object (Association)
- From Class:
Object
- To Class:
"Object Representation"
Observed Property (Class)
- Abstract:
F
- Derived:
F
- Allow Shared:
F
- Override Shared:
F
- Default Shared:
F
- Allow Transactional:
F
- Override Transactional:
F
- Default Transactional:
F
- Allow Monitored:
F
- Override Monitored:
F
- Default Monitored:
F
- Allow Distributed:
F
- Override Distributed:
F
- Default Distributed:
F
- Normalize:
F
- Description:
"Actual Property" established by direct sensation or measurement.
- Comment:
Establishment may be by human senses or machine.
- Source:
post-CBS
- Previous name:
Known Characteristic
- State Type:
F
- &Abstract:
F
- Value:
F
observer (Association)
- From Class:
"Activity State"
- To Class:
"Subject Property Qualifier"
observer (Association)
- From Class:
"Activity State"
- To Class:
"Subject Property"
observer (Association)
- From Class:
"Activity State"
- To Class:
"Subject Creation"


More specifically, ministrations are the animations and changes of the interface that happen once a user interacts with something, anything. Consider them interactive but informative animations. There are many reasons to use microinteractions. I can give you four right now.
The first good thing about ministrations is improved usability. If the animation of the menu, from the example I gave above, slides down and over the content the user was just looking at, it provides affirmation for the user. This animation lets the user know what’s going on through visual cues.
The first good thing about microinteractions is improved usability. If the animation of the menu, from the example I gave above, slides down and over the content the user was just looking at, it provides affirmation for the user.
More specifically, microinteractions are the animations and changes of the interface that happen once a user interacts with something, anything. Consider them interactive but informative animations. There are many reasons to use microinteractions. I can give you four right now.
More specifically, microinteractions are the animations and changes of the interface that happen once a user interacts with something, anything. Consider them interactive but informative animations. There are many reasons to use microinteractions. I can give you four right now.
More specifically, microinteractions are the animations and changes of the interface that happen once a user interacts with something, anything. Consider them interactive but informative animations. There are many reasons to use microinteractions. I can give you four right now.
The V.360°. Camera allows you to masterfully capture the whole story with a premium 360° camera for limitless creating.
Length
90 мм
Battery
180 mA * h
Radius of action of equipment
50 м
Receiver included
yes
Transmitter included
yes
Color of the fuselage
Black
Main screw diameter
40 мм
Flight time
7 min
Receiver
2.4 GHz
Transmitter
2.4 GHz, 4 channels
Gyroscope
6-axis
Need to buy
4 х ААА batteries
Fully compatible with GoPro® mounts, traditional cameras and tripod designs with a built in ¼ – 20 UNC tripod housing, we’re made to mount anything. From helmets to handlebars, we go where you go.
If you’re looking for a portable drone or a pro tool, we have a drone for you!
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AVR32 - PDCA Driver Documentation
This documents data structures, functions, variables, defines, enums, and typedefs in the software for the PDCA driver.
The Peripheral DMA controller (PDCA) transfers data between on-chip peripheral modules such as USART, SPI, SSC and on- and off-chip memories. Using the PDCA avoids CPU intervention for data transfers, improving the performance of the microcontroller. The PDCA can transfer data from memory to a peripheral or from a peripheral to memory.
The given example is a transfer of an ASCII animation stored in internal flash to the USART_0 output. The ASCII animation is divived in two files (ascii_anim1.h and ascii_anim2.h).
This software was written for the GNU GCC for AVR32 and IAR Systems compiler for AVR32. Other compilers may or may not work.
This example has been tested with the following configuration:
- EVK1100 evaluation kit or EVK1101 evaluation kit;
- CPU clock: 12 MHz;
- USART1 connected to a PC serial port via a standard RS232 DB9 cable;
- PC terminal settings:
- 57600 bps,
- 8 data bits,
- no parity bit,
- 1 stop bit,
- no flow control.
For further information, visit Atmel AVR32.
Support and FAQ: http://support.atmel.no/
Generated on Thu Sep 20 12:12:49 2007 for AVR32 - PDCA Driver by
1.5.1-p1


Blog
A home for pino
Departure from shimizu
Shima yacht harbor
Anyone home?
Gokiburi hoi hoi!
A mountain climb
Tanuki
Ise grand shrine
A skatepark
Not being on pino
Tools ecosystem
Our tools
What is the hundredrabbits tools ecosystem?
A story of repeated failures.
The solution.
What's next?
Resources
Hello fujisan
A detour to shimizu
Goji no chaimu
Arriving in chichijima
The promise of pancakes
Checking into majuro
Customs and immigration
Internet
Tide table
Customs office (again)
Iggy the sad dinghy
Conclusion
Doldrumming
Sailing from fiji to majuro
Visitors
Change of plans
Passing the equator
Breakages aboard pino
Sailing into majuro atoll
Leleuvia
A tiny island
The resort
Circumnavigating by foot
Where is the turtle farm?
Our time in makogai
No more windlass
Pino sails to makogai
Sevusevu
The internet bench
Gin? gin!
The dinghy problems begin
Pino, projects and pain
Introduction
Batteries
Solar panels
Windows
Haul out
Hatch replacement
Tiller
Headsail furler
Rigging
Mainsail
Ais
An island to oneself
Lazy times in new zealand
Stocking up
Sailing to pakatoa
A private island tour
On buying an island
Bbq on the beach
A race to waiheke
Whangarei, our second home
Captain, what is this?
Checking into savusavu in fiji
The rock of polynesia
Sailing to niue
Arriving to niue
The dinghy crane
Alofi
Internet in paradise
Avea bay in huahine
Near-crash onto a reef
Avea bay
Internet
The best anchorage in polynesia
The town of fare
Rainy with a chance of mosquitoes
Nuku hiva in french polynesia
Our routine
Polynesian languages
Tattoos
Fruits and vegetables
Dengue fever
Diesel run
Daniel's bay
home
Store
About us
Library
Design philosophy
Mission
Pino
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I am the Web Developer focused on the front-end. Why front-end? The answer is, it integrates my personal traits in one single passion. As an artist, I like playing with a design; and as an engineer, I love solving logical problems and writing code. Famous saying by Einstein, 'Logic will take you from A to B. Imagination will take you everywhere', is my maxim for life.
I am fascinated by new frameworks and libraries, however, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are my all time favorites and offer a great power on their own. To mention one example, ability to use them without help of extra libraries optimizes the performance by a great deal.
Technologies I love to code with : HTML, CSS/Sass, JavaScript/ES6+, Node.js, React
Tools and skills I use for coding: VS Code, Git/Github, PostgreSQL, RESTful APIs...and the last but not least - Google and a rubber duck!
The app detects faces on the photo using Clarifai API. This project was built as a part of my learning process mainly of a back-end code, i.e. building my own server with Node.js and a database using PostgreSQL. Oh boy, databases are tough! But I certainly enjoyed the learning process, particularly, connecting front-end, back-end, and a database.
Technologies used: React.js, Tachyons, Node.js, PostgreSQL. Deployed with Heroku (which was also a good practice)
A simple responsive web app I built to learn more about React; and it was sort of an eye-opener for some things, such as using React Hooks. I certainly had a lot of fun building this app, especially the images of robots, which were generated using the Robofriends API.
Technologies used: React.js, Tachyons, React Hooks
This app uses Jokes API to retrieve programming jokes and a Text-to-Speech API to convert, you guessed it right, a text to a speech! I built this app mainly to hone my skills of interacting with open-source APIs
Technologies used: HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript
Responsive landing page I built as a part of learning process of Sass preprocessor and using responsive images. Main things I learned are the concept of responsive design using CSS without Flexbox or Grid. I do believe that in order to understand new things better, you need to go back and wrap your head around old stuff first. After building this project, Flexbox and CSS Grid look like heavenly gifts given to front-end devs!
Technologies used: HTML5, CSS3/Sass
My initial portfolio website I built to showcase my other projects and to train my basic front-end developer skills
Technologies used: HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Write me


Multitouch gestures can be used to define a transformation, i.e. one finger for translations, two fingers for similarities, three fingers for affine transformations and four fingers for projective transformations.


Follow Your Dream
From now, I want to get a good grades in Vanier College and successfully get into University of Waterloo where is my dream university.
After I finished my study in University, I want to work in largest IT company where it situated in Silicon Valley.
To go more further, I want to build my own company if I have some chances.
I want to build my own house, gives some money to my parents so they are able to open their own cafe that my mom's dream of her future
I want to donate and help many people who is living in poor condition, needs support and care.


My first numba
James Powell
&
Saul Diez-Guerra
JAMES POWELL
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>seriously.dontusethiscode.com
@dontusethiscode
SAUL DIEZ—GUERRA
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>dousethiscode.com/definitely
@definitely
Compiles decorated Python
and NumPy code
to LLVM
(so it runs faster)
SO, C MODULES?
CTYPES?
CFFI?
UNDER ACTIVE DEVELOPMENT!
QUALIFICATIONS
THAT GUIDE USE
HEAVILY
NUMERIC
&
COMPUTATIONAL


Modifying stk
Calculators¶
This guide takes the form a cookbook. Common problems are presented followed by a suggested solution.
Adding timing information to calculator calls.¶
Problem¶
You want to see how long different optimization settings take on different molecules.
Solution¶
Create a new optimizer class. The optimizers of this class will take take the optimizer you want to time as an initialization parameter.
import stk
import time
class TimedOptimizer(stk.Optimizer):
def __init__(self, optimizer, use_cache=False):
self.optimizer = optimizer
super().__init__(use_cache=use_cache)
def optimize(self, mol, conformer=-1):
start = time.time()
r = self.optimizer.optimize(mol, conformer)
opt_name = self.optimizer.__class__.__name__
print(
f'{opt_name} takes {time.time()-start} '
f'seconds on {mol.name}.'
)
return r
class TimedEnergyCalculator(stk.EnergyCalculator):
def __init__(self, energy_calculator, use_cache=False):
self.energy_calculator = energy_calculator
super().__init__(use_cache=use_cache)
def energy(self, mol, conformer=-1):
start = time.time()
energy = self.energy_calculator.energy(mol, conformer)
calc_name = self.energy_calculator.__class__.__name__
print(
f'{calc_name} takes {time.time()-start} '
f'seconds on {mol.name}.'
)
return energy
# Create some timed calculators.
mmff = stk.MMFF()
timed_mmff = TimedOptimizer(mmff)
uff_energy = stk.UFFEnergy()
timed_uff_energy = TimedEnergyCalculator(uff_energy)
mol = stk.StructUnit(...)
# These calls will print how long the function execution took.
timed_mmff.optimize(mol)
timed_uff_energy.energy(mol)
The initial instinct may be to use a decorator to decorate
optimize()
and energy()
. However, this approach is not
not compatible with multiprocessing as the resulting calculators
cannot be pickled.
Specifying a conformer with Population.optimize()
.¶
Problem¶
When using Population.optimize()
, you cannot specify which
conformer of the molecules in the population is used. The value
in the conformer argument of optimize()
defaults
to -1
.
Solution¶
Create a new optimizer class which allows you to set which conformer to use on initialization.
import stk
class ConformerOptimizer(stk.Optimizer):
def __init__(self, optimizer, conformer, use_cache=False):
self.optimizer = optimizer
self.conformer = conformer
super().__init__(use_cache=use_cache)
def optimize(self, mol, conformer=-1):
return self.optimizer.optimize(mol, self.conformer)
mmff = MMFF()
# The conformer optimized by this optimizer will be 10.
mmff_conf_10 = ConformerOptimizer(mmff, 10)
# Make a population of molecules.
pop = stk.Population(...)
# Optimize conformer 10 of all the molecules.
pop.optimize(mmff_conf_10)
Once again, a decorator cannot be used because it is incompatible with
pickle and multiprocessing. Here a new optimizer class is defined.
Notice that the signature of optimize()
is unchanged, however
the value passed to the conformer argument will be ignored. Instead
the conformer set during initialization of ConformerOptimizer
will be used.


Welcome to my personal website and portfolio! This website is the beginning of the compilation of my work.
Starting with links to my online website design and social media work.
I have also included my resume, which includes all my past work.
I do independent contracting for various types of jobs.
More information is included about Hiring Me and also ways to contact me!


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