Introduction to GrADS scripts
Elements of the Language:
comment
statement
assignment
say / prompt / pull
if / else / endif
while / endwhile
variables
operators
expressions
Functions
Intrinsic Functions
Commands that complement the scripting language
Widgets (N.B. The widgets have been temporarily disabled for version 2.1.a1)
Script Library
Scripting Language Reference Card
(Requires
Adobe Acrobat Reader)
Scripts offer users the facility to program GrADS operations. Although it is relatively easy for users to produce sophisticated GrADS graphics without ever writing a script, there are occasions where the programming capability makes things even easier. This section explains the general capabilities of scripts, how to run them, and suggests a strategy for users who may wish to write their own.
What scripts can do
The GrADS scripting language, used via the GrADS run
command, provides a similar
capability to the exec
command, except that scripts also have flow control, defined
variables, and access to GrADS command output. Scripts may be written
to perform a variety of functions, such as allowing a user to interact
with Grads via point and click interface, animating any desired
quantities, and annotating plots with information obtained from GrADS
query commands.
The scripting language is similar to REXX in implementation. All
variables are of type STRING. Mathematical operations are supported on
script variables. Flow control is achieved via
if/else/endif
and while/endwhile
constructs. Loop flow may be modified by the continue
or
break
commands. Strings contained in variables or
generated via an expression may be issued to GrADS as commands. The
output from those commands (i.e., the text that GrADS would have
output to the terminal) is put into a variable and made available to
the script. The language includes support for functions.
Before writing your own scripts, it is recommended that you read the rest of this section and then try to run some of the scripts in the library. Study these example scripts, referring to this page for information on syntax etc., and you will soon be equipped to write scripts of your own.
Running scripts
The command to execute a script is the
run
command:
run filename <arguments>
This command runs the script contained in the named file, which
generally has a ".gs"
tag at the end. Optional
arguments
are passed to the script as a string
variable. You may issue any GrADS command from a script, including the
run
command. When calling scripts recursively, be sure
that you can back out of the recursion and return to your main script.
Automatic script execution
You may have a simple script automatically executed before every
display
command:
set imprun script-name
This script would typically be used to set an option that by
default gets reset after each display
command, for example:
set grads off
You can issue any GrADS command from this script, but the interactions
are not always clear. For example, if you issued a display
command from this
script, you could easily enter an infinite recursion loop.
The argument to the script is the expression from the display
command.
It is convenient to put all your GrADS "utility" scripts in one
directory (e.g., /usr/local/grads/lib/scripts
).
To simplify running these scripts, GrADS first looks in the
current directory for the script and then, if it can't find it,
appends the ".gs
" extension and tries again. For example,
suppose you are working on a test script called t.gs
. You would
run it in GrADS by,
run t
If after the first two tries, the script still can't be located,
then GrADS looks in the directory defined by the environment
variable GASCRP
. In the t(csh)
, for example,
setenv GASCRP /home1/grads/lib
or in ksh
,
export GASCRP=/home1/grads/lib
Note the if the /
is not added to the end of the
directory name, it is automatically added by UNIX. However, it'll
still work if you type
setenv GASCRP /home1/grads/lib/
If the script cannot be found, then .gs
is appended and GrADS
tries yet again.  The end of a script record is determined by either a newline character or a semicolon (where the semicolon is not contained within a constant string).
Each script record may be one of the following types:
Many of the above record types will contain expressions. Script expressions are composed of operands and operators. Operands are strings constants, variables, or function calls; operators are mathematical, logical, or concatenation operations. Further discussion of these record types and the expressions they may contain is given below.
Comments in GrADS scripts must contain an asterisk (*) in the first column.
The statement record consists only of an expression:
expression
The expression is evaluated, and the resulting string is then
submitted to GrADS as a command for execution. The script variable
rc
will contain the return code from the GrADS command
(this will always be an integer value). In addition, any text output
from GrADS in response to the command is put in the variable
result
for examination by the script. A GrADS error
resulting from an invalid command WILL NOT terminate execution of the
script.
The simplest type of expression is a string constant, which is just a character string enclosed in single or double quotes. Here's an example of simple script containing a comment plus statements comprised of string constants:
* this is a sample script
'open my_sst_dataset.ctl'
'set lat -30 30'
'set lon 90 300'
'display sst'
Assignment records are used to define variables and assign them values. The format of the assignment record is:
variable = expression
The expression is evaluated, and the result is assigned to be the value of the indicated variable. The same example from above can be rewritten to include assignment statements. Note the use of explicit and implied concatenation:
'open my_sst_dataset.ctl'
minlat = -30
maxlat = minlat + 60
minlon = 90
maxlon = 300
'set lat 'minlat%' '%maxlat
'set lon 'minlon' 'maxlon
'display sst'
To present information or questions to the GrADS user via the terminal
(standard output), use the say
or prompt
commands:
say expression
prompt expression
The result of the expression
is written to the
terminal. The prompt
command works the same way as the
say
command but does not append a carriage return. It is
possible to combine variables and string constants when writing to
standard output:
For example:
line = "Peter Pan, the flying one"
say line
say `She said it is `line
gives:
Peter Pan, the flying one
She said it is Peter Pan, the flying one
pull
To retrieve information provided by the GrADS user via the terminal
(standard input), use the pull
command:
pull variable
The script will pause for user input from the keyboard (ending with the carriage return), and then the string entered by the user is assigned to the indicated variable name. To elaborate on a previous example:
'open my_sst_dataset.ctl'
prompt 'Enter min and max latitudes: '
pull minlat maxlat
prompt 'Enter min and max longitudes: '
pull minlon maxlon
'set lat 'minlat%' '%maxlat
'set lon 'minlon' 'maxlon
'display sst'
One way to control the flow of script execution is via the if/else/endif
construct. The format is as follows:
if expression
script record
script record
.
.
else
script record
.
.
endif
The else
block is optional, but the endif
record must be present. The script records following if
expression
are executed if the expression evaluates to a string
containing the character 1. If the expression evaluates to 0, then the
script records in the if
block are not executed and the
script continues with the else
block (if it is present)
or the record following endif
. The if
expression
record must be separated from the script records
that follow it. For example, the following script record would be
invalid:
if (i = 10) j = 20
The correct syntax requires three separate script records. This is achieved by putting each record on one line:
if (i = 10)
j = 20
endif
Alternatively, the three records could be on the same line separated by a semicolon:
if (i = 10) ; j = 20 ; endif
N.B. There is no elseif
construct in GrADS.
Another method for controlling the flow of script execution is the while/endwhile
construct. The format is as follows:
while expression
script record
script record
.
.
endwhile
The script records following while expression
are
executed if the expression evaluates to a string containing the
character 1. If the expression evaluates to 0, then the script records
in the while
block are not executed and the script continues
with the record following endwhile
. The while
expression
record must be separated from the script records
that follow it.
Two additional script commands may be used to modify the
while
loop execution: break
and
continue
. Inserting the break
statement will
immediately end execution of the loop and the script will move on to
the records following endwhile
. The continue
statement will immediately end execution of the loop, but the script
will then branch immediately back to the top of the loop, and the
expression will be re-evaluated.
While loops are often used as counters. For example:
count = 1
while (count < 10)
'set t 'count
'display z'
if (rc != 0) ; break ; endif
count = count + 1
endwhile
The contents of a script variable is always a character string. However, if the contents of a variable represent a number in the correct format, certain operators may perform numeric operations on that variable, giving a string result which will also be a number.
Variable names can have from 1 to 8 characters, beginning with an alphabetic character and containing letters or numbers only. The name is case sensitive. If a variable has not yet been assigned, its value is its name.
String variables or string constants are enclosed in either single or double quotes. An example of an assignment statement that defines a string variable is as follows:
name = `Peter Pan'
name = "Peter Pan"
Numeric variables may be entered without quotes, but are still considered strings.
number = -99.99
Predefined script variables
Some variable names are predefined; it is a good idea to avoid assigning values to these variables. The following are predefined script variables -- their values will change with every execution of a GrADS command from the script:
rc
result
lat, lon, lev,
and time
are also used
as predefined variables in GrADS. Although using them within a script
is okay, in order to avoid confusion it is not recommended.
Global string variables
String variables are usually local to the functions they are contained in. Global string variables are also available. They are specified via the variable name. Any variable name starting with an underscore (_) will be assumed to be a global variable, and will keep its value throughout an entire script file. An example of an assignment statement that defines a global string variable is as follows:
_var1 = "global variable 1"
N.B. Global variables cannot be used in function headers. For example:
function dostuff(_var)
wouldn't make sense, since _var
is a global variable, and would
be invalid if it were the only argument.
Compound string variables
Compound variables are used to construct arrays in scripts. A compound variable has a variable name with segments separated by periods. For example:
varname.i.j
In this case, when the variable contents are accessed,
i
and j
will be looked up to see if they are
also variables (non-compound). If they are, the i
and
j
will be replaced by the string values of i
and j
. For example:
i = 10
j = 3
varname.i.j = 343
In the above example, the assignment is equivalent to:
varname.10.3 = 343
Note that the string values of i
and j
may
be anything, but the variable name specification in the script must
follow the rules for variable names: letters or numbers, with a
leading letter. The variable name after substitution may be any
string:
i = 'a#$xx'
varname.i = 343
The above is valid. However, we cannot refer to this variable name directly:
varname.a#$xx = 343
would be invalid.
Variable names may not be longer than 16 characters, either before or after substitution.
Note that the GrADS scripting language is not particularly efficient in handling large numbers of variables. Thus compound variables should not be used to create large arrays:
i = 1
while (i < 10000)
   var.i = i
   i = i + 1
endwhile
The above loop will create 10000 distinct variable names. Such a large number of variables in the variable chain will slow the script down a lot.
The following operators are implemented in the scripting language:
|
logical OR &
logical AND !
unary NOT -
unary minus =
equal !=
not equal >
greater than >=
greater than or equal <
less than <=
less than or equal %
concatenation +
addition -
subtraction *
multiplication /
divisionThe following operators will perform a numeric operation if the operands are numeric:
=, !=, >, >=, <, <=, +, -, *, /
If any of the following operations are attempted with non-numeric operands, an error will result:
+, -, *, /
Arithmetical operations are done in floating point. If the result is
integral, the result string will be an integer. Logical operations
will give a character 0
(zero) if the result is FALSE,
and a character 1
(one) if the result is TRUE.
Script expressions consist of any combination of operands, operators, and parentheses. Operands may be string constants, variables, or function calls. The precedence of the operators is:
-, ! (Unary)
/, *
+, -
%
=, !=, >, >=, <, <=
&
|
Within the same precedence level, operations are performed left to right. Parentheses modify the order of operation according to standard convention.
All script expressions, including all function calls, etc. are evaluated and the resulting string is what gets executed as a command. For example:
var1 = -1 ; var2 = 10
if (var1*var2 < 10 & var1 > 0)
say 'both statements are true'
else
say 'it is not the case that both statements are true'
endif
For the expression following if
, both sides of the
logical operation must be evaluated before the entire expression can
be simplified into a true or false result. In this case, the
subexpression on the left is true, but the subexpression on the left
is not, so the whole expressions resolves to 0 (zero) and the script
will print:
it is not the case that both statements are true
Concatenation
In some espressions, the concatenation operator may be implied. The %
operator may be omitted whenever the two operands are a string
constant and a variable name. With implied concatentation, intervening
blanks will be ignored.
For example, the following expressions have the same effect:
'set lat 'minlat%' '%maxlat
uses the concatenation operator % 'set lat 'minlat' 'maxlat
concatenation is implied
Assuming two previous statements, minlat = -30
and
maxlat = 30
, the resulting expression would be:
'set lat -30 30'
Keep in mind the order of precedence when using the concatenation operator.
Function calls take the form of:
name(arg,arg,arg,...)
where the function name follows the same rules as for variable names, and the arguments may be any expression. Functions may either be contained within the script file itself, or the may be intrinsic functions. Functions contained within other script files are not supported as yet (other script files may be executed via the GrADS run command).
In either case, functions are invoked as a script expression is being evaluated. Script functions always have a single string result, but may have one or more string arguments. Functions are invoked by:
name(arg,arg,arg...)
If the function has no arguments, you must still provide the parentheses:
name()
You may provide your own functions from within your script file
by using the function
definition record:
function name(variable, variable, ...)
To return from a function, use the return
command:
return expression
The expression
is optional; if not provided, a NULL string will
be returned. (A null string is: '') The result of the function
is the result of the expression specified on the return command.
When a function is invoked, the arguments are evaluated, then flow of control is transferred to the function. The variables contained in the list within the function definition record are initialized to the values of the passed arguments. If too few arguments where passed for the variables specified, the trailing variables are uninitialized. If too many arguments are passed, the extra arguments are discarded.
You may modify the variables from the function definition record without modifying the variables from the calling routine.
Scope of variables is normally local to the function, but can be global.
When a script file is first invoked (via the run
command),
execution starts at the beginning of the file. A function
definition record may optionally be provided at the beginning.
If it is, it should specify one variable name. This variable
will be initialized to any run
command options. If no options
were given, the variable will be initialized to NULL.
strlen (string)
string
.
sublin (string, n)
This function gets a single line from a string containing several
lines. The result is the nth
line of
string
. If the string has too few lines, the
result is NULL. n
must be an integer.
subwrd (string, n)
This functions gets a single word from a string.
The result is the nth
word of string
.
If the string is too short, the result is NULL.
n
must be an integer.
substr (string, start, length)
This function gets part of a string.
The sub-string of string
starting at location
start
for length length
will be returned.
If the string is too short, the result will be short or NULL.
start
and length
must be integers.
read (filename)
This functions reads individual records from file filename
.
Repeated calls must be made to read consecutive records. The result is
a string containing two lines: the first line is the return code, the
2nd line is the record read from the file. The record may be a maximum
of 80 characters. Use the sublin
function to separate the
result. Return codes are:
0 -
ok 1 -
open error 2 -
end of file 8 -
file open for write 9 -
I/O error
write (filename, record <, append>)
This functions writes records to output file filename
.
On the first call to write for a particular file, the file is opened
in write mode. This will destroy an existing file! If you use the
optional append flag, the file will be opened in append mode, and all
writes will be appended to the end of the file. Return codes are:
0
- ok 1
- open error 8
- file open for read
close (name)
This function closes the named file. This must be done if you wish to
read from a file you have been writing to. This can also be used to
rewind a file. Return codes are:
0
- ok 1
- file not open
There are some GrADS commands that, although not designed exclusively for scripts, are most useful in script applications. These include:
To see the list of available options, issue the query
command by itself. A
description of the query
options that are most useful for script applications follows.
q define
--
Lists all defined variables
q defval ival
jval
-- Gives defined grid value at ival, jval
To interactively modify grid point values for a defined
variable, q defval
can be used in conjunction with set defval
. For example, the
code shown below queries the value of sst at gridpoint(i,j), then
tests to see if the value is less than -1.6, and if it is, sets the
sst to a bad value.
'q defval sst 'i' 'j
val = subwrd(result,3)
if (val < -1.6)
  'set defval sst 'i' 'j' 'bad_value
endif
q dims
--
Gives the current dimension environment
q file
n
-- Gives info on file number n
q files
--
Lists open files
q fwrite
--
Gives the name of the file used for fwrite operations
q gxinfo
--
Lists graphics settings
This option is handy when trying to find the plot area. The output
from q gxinfo
might
look like this:
Last Graphic = Line
Page Size = 11 by 8.5
X Limits = 2 to 10.5
Y Limits = 0.75 to 7.75
Xaxis = Lon Yaxis = Val
Mproj = 2
The first line indicates that the output is a line plot. The second line
gives the page dimensions -- in this case GrADS is in landscape
mode. The third and fourth lines give the x and y boundaries of the
plot. In this case the plot has 1-inch margins in the x direction and
0.75-inch margins in the y direction. The fifth line tells what kind
of axes you have, and the sixth line identifies the map projection:
1
Scaled (no preservation of aspect ratio)2
Latlon (2-D horizontal fields) 3
Northern polar stereographic 4
Southern polar stereographic 5
Robinson (lon range must be -180 to
180 and lat range must be -90 to 90)
q pos
-- Waits for mouse click, returns position
q shades
-- Gives colors and levels of shaded contours
q time
- gives time range of current open file
q transform coord1 coord2
-- Coordinate transformations
where transform
is one of:
xy2w
XY coords to world coords
xy2gr
XY coords to grid coords
w2xy
world coords to XY coords
w2gr
world coords to grid coords
gr2w
grid coords to world coords
gr2xy
grid coords to XY coords
XY coords are inches on the page (screen) where the page is 11x8.5 inches or 8.5x11 inches, depending on how GrADS was started.
World coords are lat, lon, lev, time or val, depending on what the dimension environment is when the grid was displayed. Note that time is displayed (and must be specified) in GrADS absolute date/time format. val is the value coordinate for a 1-D plot (linegraph).
Grid coordinates are the i,j indices the grid being displayed. For station data sets, grid and world coordinates are equivalent except for the time dimension. Note that if you display a grid from a 'wrapped' data set, the grid numbers may be out of range of the actual file grid numbers. (A 'wrapped' data set is a data set that covers the earth in the longitude direction. Wrapping takes place automatically). The conversions are done consistently, but you may want to be sure you can handle the wrapping case if your data set is global.
N.B. Coordinate transform queries are only valid after something has been displayed, and the transformations apply only to the most recent item that has been displayed.
When using the graphics output type set gxout findstn
, three
arguments must be provided with the display
command. The
first argument is a station data expression. The 2nd and 3rd arguments
are the X and Y screen coordinates of the of the desired search
location. GrADS will find the station closest to the specified X and
Y position, and print its stid, lon, and lat. This graphics output
type should only be used when X and Y are the varying dimensions and
AFTER a regular display command (that results in graphics output) is
entered.
set dbuff on|off
This command sets double buffer mode on
or
off
. This allows animation to be controlled from a
script. The clear
command also sets double buffer mode off
.
swap
Swaps buffers, when double buffer mode is on
. If double
buffer mode is off
, this command has no effect.
The usual usage of these commands would be:
set dbuff on
start looping
   display something
   swap
endloop
set dbuff off
GrADS has the capability to implement a graphical user interface. This interface is used to draw widgets (buttons and pull down menus) that allow a "point and click" interface between the Grads user and the scripting language. (N.B. The widgets have been temporarily disabled for version 2.1.a1)
Here is a sample from a script illustrating how to draw a button:
set rgb 90 100 100 100 set rgb 91 50 50 50 set rgb 92 200 200 200 set button 2 90 91 92 3 90 92 91 6 draw button 1 5.5 1 2 0.5 This is a Button
The reference pages for set
button
and draw
button
contain information on how to specify the button
characteristics and position.
A button's initial "state" is ON
. If a user clicks on a
button following a q pos
command, then the button state will switch from ON (1)
to
OFF (0)
. A second q
pos
followed by a mouse click on the button will return it
to the ON
state. The button state may also be changed
with the redraw
button
command.
The output from the q pos
command
is what makes the button widgets so useful. Here is a template of what
q pos
returns after a mouse click
on a button:
Position = xpos ypos mousebutton widgetclass buttonnumber buttonstate
where:
xpos, ypos
- coordinates of the mouse click in virtual page units mousebutton
- either 1, 2, or 3 for the left, center, or right mouse button widgetclass
- 1 is the widget class number for buttons buttonnumber
- the number assigned to the button when it was originally drawn buttonstate
- either 0 (meaning "off") or 1 (meaning "on")
If the user did not click on a button, then widgetclass
will be 0 and there will be no output for
buttonnumber
or buttonstate
.
As with button widgets, dropmenus provide a "point-and-click"
interface between scripts and the GrADS user. The reference pages for
set dropmenu
and
draw dropmenu
contain information on how to specify the dropmenu characteristics and
position.
The output from q pos
after a click on a dropmenu is similar to that described above for
buttons. Here is a template of what is returned by q pos
after a mouse click
on a dropmenu:
Position = xpos ypos mousebutton widgetclass menunumber inum
where:
xpos, ypos
- coordinates of the mouse click in the menu base in virtual page units mousebutton
- either 1, 2, or 3 for the left, center, or right mouse button widgetclass
- 3 is the widget class number for dropmenus menunumber
- the number assigned to the dropmenu when it was originally drawn inum
- the menu item number selected from the menu list
If no menu item is selected, then menunumber
and inum
will
both be -1.
Here is a script sample illustrating how to use a dropmenu:
'reset events' 'set rgb 90 100 100 100' 'set rgb 91 150 150 150' 'set rgb 92 200 200 200' 'set dropmenu 1 91 90 92 0 91 90 92 1 91 90 92 90 92 6' 'draw dropmenu 1 1 8 1.5 0.5 Select a Variable | Wind | Temperature | Height | SLP ' noselect = 1 while (noselect) 'q pos' menunum = subwrd(result,7) menuitem = subwrd(result,8) if (menunum = 1) if menuitem = 1 ; newbase = 'Variable = Wind' ; endif if menuitem = 2 ; newbase = 'Variable = Temp' ; endif if menuitem = 3 ; newbase = 'Variable = Height' ; endif if menuitem = 4 ; newbase = 'Variable = SLP' ; endif 'draw dropmenu 1 1 8 1.5 0.5 'newbase' | Wind | Temperature | Height | SLP ' noselect = 0 endif endwhile
Here is another script sample illustrating how to use cascading dropmenus:
'clear' 'set rgb 90 100 100 100' 'set rgb 91 150 150 150' 'set rgb 92 200 200 200' 'set button 1 91 -1 -1 1 91 90 92 12' 'draw button 1 1 8 1 0.5 quit' 'set dropmenu 1 91 -1 -1 1 91 90 92 1 91 90 92 90 92 6' 'draw dropmenu 1 1.5 7.5 2 0.5 Menu Base | Space | Earth >05> | Sun | Moon' 'draw dropmenu 5 cascade Ocean | Land | Atmosphere >11> | Biosphere' 'draw dropmenu 11 cascade Snow | Rain | Mist | Tornado ' while (1) 'q pos' say result ev = subwrd(result,6) if (ev!=3); break; endif; endwhile
It is left to the GrADS script writer (that means you!) to run the demo and
interpret the output of q pos
when clicking on all the options in the cascade of dropmenus.
GrADS has a widget type called rband
for rubber banding. There
are two rband
modes: box
and line
.
To set up the rband
widget, use the following command:
set rband num mode x1 y1 x2 y2
where:
num
- widget numbermode
- may be either box
or line
x1
- lowest X point where the widget will be active (in virtual page units)y1
- lowest Y point where the widget will be active (in virtual page units)x2
- highest X point where the widget will be active (in virtual page units)y2
- highest Y point where the widget will be active (in virtual page units)
In box
mode, as the user clicks and drags the mouse in
the active rband area a box is drawn with one corner located at the
initial click and the opposite corner located at the release point. In
line
mode, a line is drawn between these two points.
For example, suppose you want to set up a
box
rubber band widget in the plot region only.
First, execute q gxinfo
to get the X and Y limits of the plot area. The result from q gxinfo
might look like
this:
Last Graphic = Line Page Size = 11 by 8.5 X Limits = 2 to 10.5 Y Limits = 0.75 to 7.75 Xaxis = Lon Yaxis = Val Mproj = 2
Second, set up the widget with set rband
using the dimensions
grabbed from the result of q gxinfo
:
xlims = sublin(result,3) ylims = sublin(result,4) x1 = subwrd(xlims,4) x2 = subwrd(xlims,6) y1 = subwrd(ylims,4) y2 = subwrd(ylims,6) 'set rband 21 box 'x1' 'y1' 'x2' 'y2
Finally, use q pos
to activate the widget.
ga-> q pos
This freezes the system until the user clicks, drags, and then releases the mouse somewhere within the active rband area. Here is a template for the output you would get from GrADS after a mouse click and drag in the rband area:
Position = xpos1 ypos1 mousebutton widgetclass widgetnumber xpos2 ypos2
where:
xpos1, ypos1
- coordinates of the initial mouse click in virtual page units mousebutton
- either 1, 2, or 3 for the left, center, or right mouse button widgetclass
- 2 is the widget class number for rbands widgetnumber
- the number assigned to the
rband widget when it was set up xpos2, ypos2
- coordinates of the mouse release point in virtual page units
The page coordinates can be then be used to draw a box (or a line)
where the user specified, or parsed and used in the coordinate
transform q xy2w
to
recover the lat/lon region selected by the user.


WhatsApp now lets you choose which contacts can add you to groups
by Ivan MehtaHallelujah! WhatsApp is rolling out a new setting that lets you specify which people in your contact list can add you to groups on the messaging platform.
This is a refined version of a feature that rolled out earlier this year. In the previous iteration, you could choose to allow anyone to add you to groups, or all your contacts, or no one at all.
The new version lets you pick certain people who can add you to groups, that avoids people whom you don’t know well adding you to random groups.
Here’s how it works:
- Open WhatsApp on your phone, and go to Settings > Accounts > Privacy > Groups.
- Select “My contacts except for…” option.
- Add contacts whose groups you’re okay to join, to the list.
In countries like India, where WhatsApp is very popular, it’s common for people to add you to groups without permission. While an earlier version of these settings prevented strangers from adding you to rando groups, it’s quite possible you don’t know all the people in your contact list very well and don’t want to join all their groups.


High on Flight is one of the finest Airlines in India, headquartered at New Delhi.
It is owned by a team of five youngsters.It was found on 10th January 2005.
The Airlines has its hub at Indira Gandhi International Airport,
New Delhi, alongside several focus cities across India.
The Airlines was launched on a motive to provide the best aviation to the passengers and has always promised to keep the word.
It remains as one of the best Airlines in India since 2007.
High On Flight never compromised with the timings and the service.
Our pilots crew are more talented in handling the bird in a best way to surprise the passengers
The built in structure of our bird are from the world's best Aerospace manufacturers.
High On Flight is enriched with customer loyalty across various parts of the country.
And that makes us to stand forward for serving the Family of customers
- from the team of High on Flight


Transformations¶
- fun.map(fun, gen, param, state)¶
- iterator:map(fun)
- Parameters
fun ((function(...) -> ...)) – a function to apply
- Returns
a new iterator
Return a new iterator by applying the fun to each element of
gen, param, state
iterator. The mapping is performed on the fly and no values are buffered.Examples:
> each(print, map(function(x) return 2 * x end, range(4))) 2 4 6 8 fun = function(...) return 'map', ... end > each(print, map(fun, range(4))) map 1 map 2 map 3 map 4
- fun.enumerate(gen, param, state)¶
- iterator:enumerate()
- Returns
a new iterator
Return a new iterator by enumerating all elements of the
gen, param, state
iterator starting from1
. The mapping is performed on the fly and no values are buffered.Examples:
> each(print, enumerate({"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"})) 1 a 2 b 3 c 4 d 5 e > each(print, enumerate(zip({"one", "two", "three", "four", "five"}, {"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"}))) 1 one a 2 two b 3 three c 4 four d 5 five e
- fun.intersperse(x, gen, param, state)¶
- iterator:intersperse(x)
- Returns
a new iterator
Return a new iterator where the x value is interspersed between the elements of the source iterator. The x value can also be added as a last element of returning iterator if the source iterator contains the odd number of elements.
Examples:
> each(print, intersperse("x", {"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"})) a x b x c x d x e x


Issues between Govt, JUI-F should be resolved soon: Pervaiz Elahi
by https://www.facebook.com/dunyanewsISLAMABAD (Dunya News) – Pakistan Muslim League-Quaid (PML-Q) chief Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain and Punjab Assembly Speaker Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi called on Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam-Fazl (JUI-F) chief Maulana Fazlur Rehman on Monday night at his residence and discussed JUI-F’s sit-in and Azadi March, Dunya News reported.
Opposition’s Rahbar Committee head Akram Durrani and Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi talked to media after the meeting.
Akram Durrani said that talks with government’s negotiation committee and Azadi March came under discussion during the meeting and we appreciate Chaudhry brother efforts in this regard.
Speaking on the occasion, Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi said that issues between government and JUI-F should be resolved soon. He said that we don’t want creation of issues due to current political situation in the country.


Welcome - Terry Berry Coding Challenge
verified
Created Angular Application from Scratch and Added New Module AboutMe, which is lazyloaded as well.
verified
Components include MyInfo in AboutMe Module, which is loaded in route /AboutMe/MyInfo
verified
The components Welcome, Header, Sidenavbar are embedded in core module. MaterialModule is used for all material CSS related components like MatCard, MatTab etc..,
verified
Services live under the folder with same name, created a Service called MyInfo.service inside a services/repositories folder.
Faked the api for pulling information with InMemoryData service. Created a Loader service as well to display loader.
verified
My Information tab shows fetched info from fake api in a Material Card.
Created a Form Group Material Card that holds the information which can be edited and saved but wont persist if we refresh as we are using a fake api.
Basic Validation has been implemented in the forms as well. Used Toaster Messages for User Feedback.


--- layout: post title: "My Week in Review" date: 2018-09-09 09:40:00 +0000 image: https://s3.amazonaws.com/audreywatters/2018-09-09-scotland.jpg imagecredits: https://www.flickr.com/photos/surreal_badger/42757786790 ---
Icon credits: The Noun Project


| Home | Libraries | People | FAQ | More |
boost::binomial_distribution
// In header: <boost/random/binomial_distribution.hpp> template<typename IntType = int, typename RealType = double> class binomial_distribution { public: // types typedef bernoulli_distribution< RealType >::input_type input_type; typedef IntType result_type; // construct/copy/destruct binomial_distribution(IntType = 1, const RealType & = RealType(0.5)); // public member functions IntType t() const; RealType p() const; void reset() ; template<typename Engine> result_type operator()(Engine &) ; // friend functions template<typename CharT, typename Traits> friend std::basic_ostream< CharT, Traits > & operator<<(std::basic_ostream< CharT, Traits > &, const binomial_distribution &) ; template<typename CharT, typename Traits> friend std::basic_istream< CharT, Traits > & operator>>(std::basic_istream< CharT, Traits > &, binomial_distribution &) ; };
The binomial distribution is an integer valued distribution with two parameters, t
and p
. The values of the distribution are within the range [0,t].
The probability that the distribution produces a value k is .
binomial_distribution
public member functionsIntType t() const;
Returns: the t
parameter of the distribution
RealType p() const;
Returns: the p
parameter of the distribution
void reset() ;
Effects: Subsequent uses of the distribution do not depend on values produced by any engine prior to invoking reset.
template<typename Engine> result_type operator()(Engine & eng) ;
Returns: a random variate distributed according to the binomial distribution.
binomial_distribution
friend functionstemplate<typename CharT, typename Traits> friend std::basic_ostream< CharT, Traits > & operator<<(std::basic_ostream< CharT, Traits > & os, const binomial_distribution & bd) ;
Writes the parameters of the distribution to a std::ostream
.
template<typename CharT, typename Traits> friend std::basic_istream< CharT, Traits > & operator>>(std::basic_istream< CharT, Traits > & is, binomial_distribution & bd) ;
Reads the parameters of the distribution from a std::istream
.


Spesifikasi Alat
Audio Interface:
1. Universal Audio 8p
2. Focusrite Octopre
EQ & Summing Tube PreAmp Mixer:
1. TL Audio Fat Track
Monitoring system:
1. Yamaha HS8
2. Akai SW 155
Instruments Amplifier:
1. Orange Rockeverb tube guitar amp
2. Fender Hotrod Deluxe tube guitar amp
3. GK MB115-II Bass Amplifier
4. Drum mapex silver series
5. Organ Farfisa
6. Laney AH
300 Keyboard amp
Pricing
Recording 1.250.000/ 6 jam plus operator
Latihan 300.000/2 jam 400.000/3jam


*This review originally appeared at 'The Juicy Cerebellum'. It is copyright 1999 Alex Sandell/Juicy Cerebellum [All Rights Reserved]. To read the full review, and others, go to www.juicycerebellum.com*
Where "Apocalypse Now" and "Platoon" were both one man's viewpoint on the Vietnam war and "Saving Private Ryan" was the story of a handful of men searching for one, "The Thin Red Line" is a film of every man and his quest to keep the people around him alive. It weaves through a tapestry of dozens of men's thoughts, actions and emotions without focusing in on any of them. Instead, it melds everyone together into a gigantic collective where the varying opinions add up to one powerful, but flawed, "soul".
Director and screenwriter, Terrence Malick, a Hollywood recluse who left filmmaking for nearly 20 years after creating two classic films during the 1970s, has turned the second World War into a poem. He finds beauty hiding under the surface of the grotesque, emotion tucked safely away in those who claim to be emotionless, and a heart beating freely within a gigantic chest- cavity which should have been locked for all time. The results are stunning.
The camera weaves through the long grass like a snake as the soldiers work their way to the top of the hill. As it passes over their heads, we hear some of their thoughts, we witness their actions and we see how the two oftentimes conflict. In one scene, a single butterfly enters the film, only to disappear seconds later. A lot of the actors follow the butterfly's lead.
Nature plays the biggest part in "The Thin Red Line"; everyone else, whether a big star such as John Travolta, or a virtually unknown actor like Dash Mihok, are stuck in supporting roles. When they're gone, they're gone, but nature moves on, as it has always done, never stopping to worry about what it just lost. Does this make nature inherently evil? As a part of nature, is that evil inside of us? If so, one of the more philosophical soldiers wonders, who planted the seed?
And that's where the trouble begins. There has never been a perfect war movie. Each one stumbles over its own ideologies and/or pretensions. "The Thin Red Line" is no exception. Most of the thoughts and philosophies spewed out during the film sound contrived and juvenile; tired and weak. We've heard all this before. I don't know if this was intentional on the part of the screenwriter (trying to emulate the way a young man under tons of pressure would try to make sense of it all), or if he just eats lots of fortune cookies and needed somewhere to throw out these wonderful observations found inside the sugary shell. Surprisingly enough, another negative aspect of the film were the cameo roles played by John Travolta, George Clooney and Woody Harrelson. Having noticeable stars popping in and out of the movie distracted us from the point it was trying to make, and the parts could have been played just as easily by an unknown. Finally, at nearly three hours, the film is too long. Malick seems to lose his sense of direction during the last forty-five minutes, and begins to wander aimlessly from scene to scene, not knowing quite when to end the film that began as a classic.
That being said, the pros definitely outweigh the cons, and with the wonderful directing, acting and cinematography which was already in place, it would have taken just a little more work to make "The Thin Red Line" the perfect war movie that a lot of people have been waiting for. As it is, it stands as a brilliant film and one of the best war movies ever made. -Alex Sandell
-----------== Posted via Deja News, The Discussion Network ==---------- http://www.dejanews.com/ Search, Read, Discuss, or Start Your Own
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Topics
Video Tutorials
Slides
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Software Testing & Quality Assurance
The Psychology and Economics of Software Testing
Software Testing Life Cycle
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Inspections and Walkthroughs
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Security and Performance Testing
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Test Driven Development(TDD)


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{% for n in news %}
{{n}}
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Read More
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Loans from $500-$60000 are approved based on an applicants credit score
Whether your car has broken down, you're ready for an upgrade or you found the perfect 1968 hobby car to fix up, we offer car loans with great rates to help you get what you want or need.
We know everybody needs some money sometimes... to consolidate those credit cards, to build that new deck you've been wanting,or t o get some new furniture for your home. No matter what you need, we are here for you.
We know everybody needs some money sometimes... even for a new business. To get started with your business loan, apply today.


Sipping from new father's day gift--metal mug. Coffee is rocket hot... rock on!
7/1/2008, 11:12:43 AM
Favs: 0
Retweets: 0
link--- layout: tweet ---
Sipping from new father's day gift--metal mug. Coffee is rocket hot... rock on!
7/1/2008, 11:12:43 AM
Favs: 0
Retweets: 0
link


---
layout: post
title: Arduino Powered Room Temperature Graphs
categories: []
tags: [arduino, python]
status: publish
type: post
published: true
meta:
_edit_last: "1"
_syntaxhighlighter_encoded: "1"
---
Custom API being used by a javascript web page, android and php graphing program. Apologies for the slight out of sync-ness, the web page polls temperature faster causing the one on the phone and page to be different.
I was always really interested in making new projects for my arduino, the first of which was an LED music visualizer. The problem here was that arduinos aren't really popular in Pakistan, I had to get my current duemillenove shipped in from China thus getting an internet shield would be very difficult. One fine day I started thinking and said to myself, hey I nave a dedicated home server why not just hook up the arduino to that and write a program on the server to read that data through serial and use it somehow. Initially it was designed just to be able to read the current temperature, graphing was added in later.
Here is how it works:
The first part of the process is an arduino which has a DS18B20 Temperature Sensor attatched to it. Using serial communication, it sends out temperature readings to my dedicated home server.
The next part is a python script running in an infinite loop, it reads the values from the serial port and then proceeds to put them in a MySQL table, this occurs once every 2 minutes.
{% highlight python %}
import MySQLdb
import time
import serial
import sys
conn = MySQLdb.connect (host = "localhost",
user = "derp",
passwd = "murp",
db = "tempdata")
while True:
timestamp = int(time.time())
ser = serial.Serial('/dev/ttyUSB0');
ser.open
linebeep = ser.readline()
line = ser.readline()
cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute("""INSERT INTO Data(Temperature, Time)
VALUES(%s, %s)""", (line, timestamp,))
ser.close
print timestamp
print line
time.sleep(120)
{% endhighlight %}
The final stage is a php script using jpgraph to plot the data from the mysql table.
{% highlight php %}
SetScale("textlin");
$theme_class=new UniversalTheme;
$graph->SetTheme($theme_class);
$graph->title->Set('Temperature');
$graph->SetBox(false);
$graph->img->SetAntiAliasing();
$graph->yaxis->HideZeroLabel();
$graph->yaxis->HideLine(false);
$graph->yaxis->HideTicks(false,false);
$graph->xgrid->Show();
$graph->xgrid->SetLineStyle("solid");
$graph->xaxis->SetTickLabels($datesarray);
$graph->xgrid->SetColor('#E3E3E3');
// Create the first line
$p1 = new LinePlot($temparray);
//$p1 = new LinePlot($newx);
$graph->Add($p1);
$p1->SetColor("#6495ED");
$p1->SetLegend('Temperature');
$graph->legend->SetFrameWeight(1);
// Output line
$graph->Stroke();
?>
{% endhighlight %}


Regras de Varredura Ativas
As regras que estão incluídas neste complemento são: Buffer Overflow
Esta regra procura por indicadores de estouro de pilha no código compilado. Isso é feito com o lançamento de grandes seqüências de caracteres de texto de entrada e busca por código de crash e encerramento anormal da sessão.
Injeção de código
Esta regra envia strings de ataque em PHP e ASP como valores de parâmetros de URL em uma solicitação e analisa a resposta para ver como se esses valores foram tratados pelo servidor. Primeiro, as requests são construídas e enviadas contendo instruções em PHP injetadas, para criar um token. No caso de haver uma correspondência entre o token e o conteúdo no corpo da resposta, o ZAP gera um alerta e pára imediatamente.
Se não existem semelhanças, o scanner vai construir pedidos com várias seqüências de strings ASP injetadas que instruem o servidor para escrever na resposta o produto de dois números inteiros gerados aleatoriamente. Se o corpo da resposta coincide com o produto, um alerta é gerado.
Comando de injeção
Esta regra envia aos OS * NIX e Windows comandos como valores de parâmetro de URL, para determinar se o aplicativo da web está passando entradas de usuário não verificado diretamente para o sistema operacional. As strings injetadas consistem de meta-caracteres que podem ser interpretados pelo sistema operacional como comandos em cadeia, juntamente com dados (payload) que devem gerar saída na resposta se o aplicativo for vulnerável. Se o conteúdo de um corpo de resposta corresponde ao payload, o ZAP gera um alerta e pára imediatamente. No caso de nenhuma tentativa dessas correspondências gerar saída na resposta, o scanner/ZAP irá tentar um ataque de injeção cego, enviando instruções inócuas como payload, e comparando o tempo decorrido entre o envio e a resposta com um intervalo-limite mínimo. Se o tempo decorrido for superior a esse intervalo-limite, um alerta é gerado com "média confiança" e o scanner pára imediatamente.
Post 2.5.0 you can change the length of time used for the blind injection attack by changing the rules.common.sleep
parameter via the Options 'Rule configuration' panel.
Client Browser Cache
This rule checks the headers of secure pages and reports an alert if they allow a browser to cache the page.
Cross Site Scripting (reflected)
This rule starts by submitting a 'safe' value and analyzing all of the locations in which this value occurs in the response (if any).
It then performs a series of attacks specifically targeted at the location in which each of the instances occurs,
including tag attributes, URL attributes, attributes in tags which support src attributes, html comments etc.
Cross Site Scripting (persistent)
This rule starts by submitting a unique 'safe' value and then spiders the whole application to find all of the locations in which the value occurs.
It then performs a series of attacks in the same way that the 'reflected' version does but in this case checks all of the
target locations in other pages.
CRLF Injection
This rule submits various CRLF special characters preceding an injected "Set-Cookie" header as a parameter to the server. If the response contains an identical Set-Cookie header,
an alert is raised and the scanner returns immediately.
Directory Browsing
This rule checks to see if a request will provide access to a directory listing by examining the response body for patterns used with Apache, IIS
and other web server software.
External Redirect
This rule submits a variety of URL redirect strings as parameter values in a request, then examines the headers and bodies of responses to determine
whether or not a redirect occurred and of what type. The cause of redirect is searched for in the "Location" and "Refresh" header fields, as well as by HTML meta tags
and Javascript in the body of the response. An alert is raised including the redirection type and the scanner returns immediately.
Format String Error
Looks for indicators of format string handling errors in compiled code. It does this by putting out strings of input text based upon characters
compiled C code anticipates to produce formatted output and look for code crash and abnormal session closures.
Parameter Tampering
This rule submits requests with parameter values known to cause errors to be displayed to the user if handled improperly. Responses are checked to make sure that they return
a server error status code, then compared with a normal HTTP response to make sure it does not raise an alert if the bad parameter has no effect on output. Finally, the content
of the reponse body is compared against various patterns that may be found in Java servlet, Microsoft VBScript, OLE DB, JET, PHP and Tomcat errors. If a match is found, an alert is raised and
the scanner returns immediately.
Path Traversal
This rule attempts to access files and directories outside of the web document root by constructing various combinations of pathname prefixes
and local file targets for Windows and *NIX systems as well as Java servlets. If the body of the response matches a pattern corresponding to the
current target file an alert is raised and the scanner returns immediately. If none of the common local file targets succeed, path traversal is
attempted using the filename in the URL. As long as submitting an arbitrary filename does not return an OK status code but the real filename does, an alert is raised
and the scanner returns immediately.
Remote File Include
This rule submits a series of requests with external URLs as parameter values and looks for a match between the the response body and the title of the page
hosted at those URLs. If there is a match between the expected string and the response body, and the header returned a status code of 200, an alert is raised and the scanner
returns immediately.
Server Side Include
This rule checks to see what OS the server is running on, then sends requests with a corresponding HTML SSI directive as a parameter value. If the response body matches
a pattern indicating the SSI was successful, an alert is raised and the scanner returns immediately.
SQL Injection
This scanner scans for SQL Injection vulnerabilities in an RDBMS-independent fashion,
by attacking url parameters and form parameters with fragments of valid and invalid SQL syntax, using error based,
boolean based, Union based, and stacked query SQL Injection techniques.
This scanner may be able to fingerprint the RDBMS if the application throws a known RDBMS specific SQL error message.
This scanner does not exploit any RDBMS specific techniques, and so is the best SQL injection scanner to use as a starting point.


I want to turn data
into
value.
About
An enthusiastic and motivated Data Scientist
Data Analyst having proficiency in the data importing, data cleaning, data transformation, analysis, data visualizing and data modeling. I have worked on solving many real-world business problems across different domains.Researched and applied machine learning techniques including data analysis, predictive modeling, classification, and clustering.
Experienced in extracting useful and actionable insights from structured and unstructured data. Have great proficiency in SQL and database designing. Good Communication skills and have curiosity and passion to work with data.
Current Focus: Prediction Modeling // Image Processing // Signal Processing
Experience
Jan 2019 - Present
Jan 2019 - Predent
Projects
Skills
Exploratory Data Analysis
Pandas
Numpy
Matplotlib
Seaborn
Plotly
Machine Learning
SKlearn
SciPy
XGBoost
Tensor Flow
Keras


Double delight as Troia is voted Portugal’s best
Portugal’s Troia Resort has been voted the country’s best course by National Club Golfer (NCG) in its ‘Top 100 Golf Courses in Continental Europe 2019’ rankings.
The resort has further established itself among Europe’s elite venues by appearing in yet another top 10 ranking – this time rated number seven by NCG.
The news caps off an impressive year for the stunning Trent Jones Senior links – which also made a sensational nine-place climb up to number eight in Golf World’s prestigious top 100 rankings.
Rated five places above its nearest Portuguese rival, the ranking reaffirms that golfers and industry experts are finally taking notice of the resort after, perhaps, being underappreciated due to the exceptional standard of golf courses across the country.
Assessed over nine different categories – design, condition, consistency, setting, playability, challenge, variety, routing and charm – Troia scored an impressive 79 points out of a possible 100, with the magazine’s judging panel scoring the course highly in all criteria.
The par-72 layout stretches 6,317m along the beach, offering panoramic views of the Atlantic Ocean and Arrábida mountain range throughout the 18 holes.
When announcing its top 100 rankings, the National Club Golfer judging panel remarked: “Troia offers the feel and look of a classic links and the routing is superb – never losing sight of the sea. And, while it is very difficult, our panel loved the Trent Jones classic. Portugal’s number one.”
Alexandre Barroso, Troia’s golf director, said: “Troia really is a golfing experience like no other and we’re delighted that it’s finally being recognised and rewarded for its special and unique characteristics.
“To appear in our second European top 10 and, of course, be voted the best course in Portugal is a dream come true for everyone involved with the resort, as we all know this is where it deserves to be.
“We invite any golfer from across the world to come and experience it for themselves and discover everything the course and resort has to offer – you won’t be disappointed!”


Love in Paradise
Love in Paradise is a TV movie starring Luke Perry, Emmanuelle Vaugier, and Tom Butler. TV cowboy taken out of his comfort zone on a working ranch in Montana.


{{site.user_description_theory}}
{{site.user_description_applied}}
Fluent in Python and MATLAB. Familiar with C++, Fortran 90, Kotlin, HTML, and JavaScript.
Frequently uses Docker and VSCode for self-contained projects, and Git for version control. Familiar with Kubernetes.
Primarily designs and writes in PyTorch and Numpy, with experience in Pandas, OpenCV, and R. Currently learning SQL.


{% extends "inner_base.html" %} {% block title %}Welcome Inside!{% endblock %} {% block header %}Welcome to Luno!{% endblock %} {% block main %}
To start playing press the Play now! button. Remember that you must wager a minimum of 50 coins to play.
The game begins when all players have finished their game or when the game creator presses start game and all other players accept.
Current user: {{ session['username'] }}
Switch: {{ switch }}


Portfolio
Books
Home
Contact
Re:Zero dress - Clo3D project
Violet dress - Clo3D project
1800s Building - Maya project
Uploading more soon


Formats
formats: ['xlsx']
list of available formats:
xlsx
: Open XML spreadsheetxls
: Binary spreadsheetcsv
: comma separated valuetxt
: plain text
| Name | Position | Age | Salary |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thor Walton | Regional Director | 45 | $98,540 |
| Travis Clarke | Software Engineer | 30 | $275,000 |
| Suki Burks | Office Manager | 22 | $67,670 |
| $441,210 |
Highlighted in yellow, you will notice that formats: ['xlsx']
limits the exportable filetypes to those listed in the formats array.


Yale College, the undergraduate division of Yale University, offers a Bachelor of Arts degree program with a major in art. Undergraduate applicants wishing to major in art at Yale must apply to Yale College directly. Please contact the Office of Undergraduate Admissions, PO Box 208234, 38 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven CT 06520-8234,<PHONE_NUMBER> (www.yale.edu).
The program in art offers courses that, through work in a variety of media, provide an experience in the visual arts as part of a liberal education as well as preparation for graduate study and professional work. Courses at the 100 level stress the fundamental aspects of visual formulation and articulation. Courses numbered 200 through 499 offer increasingly intensive study leading to greater specialization in one or more of the visual disciplines such as graphic design, painting/printmaking, photography, and sculpture.
The prerequisites for acceptance into the major are a Sophomore Review, which is an evaluation of work from studio courses taken at Yale School of Art, and five terms of introductory (100-level) courses. Four must be completed at the time of the Sophomore Review. Visual Thinking (Art 111a or b) and Basic Drawing (Art 114a or b) are mandatory. In exceptional cases, arrangements for a special review during the junior year may be made with the director of undergraduate studies in art.
For graduation as an art major, a total of fourteen 14 course credits in the major field is required. These fourteen course credits must include the following: (1) five prerequisite courses at the 100 level (including Visual Thinking and Basic Drawing); (2) five 200-level and above courses; (3) the Junior Major Seminar (Art 395a) or Critical Theory in the Studio (Art 201b); (4) the Senior Project (Art 495b); and (5) two courses in the History of Art. Suggested program guidelines and specific requirements for the various areas of concentration are available from the director of undergraduate studies. A suggested program guideline is as follows: Freshman year Studio courses, two terms Sophomore year Studio courses, three terms Art history, one term Junior year Studio courses, three terms including the Junior Major Seminar and/or Critical Theory Art history, one term Senior year Studio courses, four terms including the Senior Project
Permission of instructor required in all art courses. A student may repeat an art course with the permission of the director of undergraduate studies. Undergraduates are normally limited to credit for four terms of graduate- or professional-level courses (courses numbered 500 and above). Please refer to the section on Academic Regulations in Yale College Programs of Study for further pertinent details.


Highway
The goal is to make the test and setup run on a build server also run before every push you do. So highway can be used on your dev machine, build server both for macOS and Linux (untested -> #26 ).
For now it is only tested on macOS with xcode 10.1 and swift version 4.2.1 installed. Linux and swift 5 are in the pipeline but currently on hold until this version is stable.
Follow up
So for now you need to have installed
- macOS 10.13 or higher
- Homebrew 2.1.3
- swift version 4.2.1 this is the version that comes with official release of xcode 10.1
Documentation
Limited generated documentation is available per library in the folder docs.
Generating documentation can be done
swift build --product HighwayDocumentation --configuration release
.build/x86_64-apple-macosx10.10/release/HighwayDocumentation
Use
To use in your own project you need to add it to your swift package. Highway is build to be used as a library you can use to build executables for you project. If you know fastlane you could think of every executable as lane you can run.
To get started you could do the following steps below. By the end you have a generic Highway lane to run any available terminal program you have on your system.
In the swift package you will find the following example struct
// MARK: - Examples
struct Example
{
/**
Highway uses executables as the products you define to generate code or do some continuous integration.
An executable can be taught of like a lane in fastlane. It has a main and imports libraries from Highway to perform its tasks
The following example lane tests runs the tests and interprets the output in a TestReport.
Steps to add HighwayTests executable
1. add struct like HighwayTests with your project name to your swift package
2. add static properties exectable to products and target to target of swift package
Run `swift package generate-xcodeproj --xcconfig-overrides Sources/macOS.xcconfig`
Open the xcode project and put your code in Sources/HighwayTests
*/
public struct HighwayTests
{
public static let name = "\(HighwayTests.self)"
public static let executable = Product.executable(
name: name,
targets: [name]
)
public static let target = Target.target(
name: name,
dependencies: [Terminal.library.asDependency()]
)
}
}
The code in main looks like
import Errors
import Foundation
import SignPost
import Terminal
let terminal = Terminal.shared
let signPost = SignPost.shared
let system = System.shared
do
{
signPost.message("\(pretty_function()) ...")
let swiftTest = try system.process("swift")
swiftTest.arguments = ["test"]
let output = try terminal.runProcess(swiftTest)
let testReport = try TestReport(output: output)
signPost.message("\(testReport)")
signPost.message("\(pretty_function()) ✅")
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS)
}
catch
{
signPost.error("\(error)")
signPost.message("\(pretty_function()) ❌")
exit(EXIT_FAILURE)
}
Use Highway in your project
If you do not yet have a Package.swift
run swift package init
add .package(url: "https://www.github.com/doozMen/Highway", from: "2.3.0")
do swift build
choose frameworks to add. For example HWSetup runs sourcery for highway, swiftformat and performs tests.
Let’s take the example or running sourcery
/**
Class can be aded to package in target and product.
You can run it from a main function you create
*/
public struct <#Project#>Sourcery
{
public static let name = "\(<#Project#>Sourcery.self)"
public static let product = Product.executable(
name: name,
targets: [name]
)
public static let target = Target.target(
name: name,
dependencies: ["Highway"]
)
}
public let packageDependencies =
public let package = Package(
name: "<#Project#>Sourcery",
products: [<#Project#>Sourcery.product],
dependencies: [.package(url: "https://www.github.com/Bolides/Highway", "2.10.6" ..< "3.0.0"),],
targets:[<#Project#>Sourcery.target]
)
Then you can build this with swift build
. Any other products you add to your swift package will get sourcery updates if you run the <#Project#>Sourcery
.
🚀 Done
Contribute to Highway
After cloning
swift build --configuration release --static-swift-stdlib
# will output where the executable is build, usually
./.build/x86_64-apple-macosx10.10/release/Highway
# after running this sourcery is setup too and you can generate code when needed
Open the generated Highway.xcodeproj or open the folder in any other tool like VSCode and send us a PR.
Thanks!
Projects using highway
- Opensforyou.com
- Bolides.be
- https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws iOS mobile application ! Uses a very early version of highway and not sure if it is still used.


From
To
Save
Setup
Excavation Report
New work order
{{work.contractorName}} @ {{work.address}}
{{work.remarks}}
Back
New WO
Delete


This is JavaFx app developed using: Html, CSS and JS. Think of the possibilities, responsiveness using CSS, ready made complex components using JS


kpackagetool5
KPackage Manager: Install, list, remove Plasma packages.
More information: home page
- List all known package types that can be installed:
kpackagetool5 --list-types
- Install the package from a directory:
kpackagetool5 --type package_type --install path/to/directory
- Update installed package from a directory:
kpackagetool5 --type package_type --upgrade path/to/directory
- List installed plasmoids (--global for all users):
kpackagetool5 --type Plasma/Applet --list --global
- Remove a plasmoid by name:
kpackagetool5 --type Plasma/Applet --remove "name"


Bupe is a complex drug. My sister is officially on it for 'pain,' but she's really taking it because of a 20 plus year addiction to opiates. She found a doc willing to keep her high and happy. Many people use it as an aid to stop opiates. She started on a dose of 2mg a day. She's now taking 16 mg a day, so I'd say that it's not all that great (for her at least) as a methadone substitute. Now, I have my own reasons for taking it, and for me it's just about perfect.
Since I have access to Bupe (thanks sis!) I've taken it about a dozen times. I started out by taking a 2mg pill. I stayed up all night and felt like a million bucks. Took it a few more times after that. The most I've taken in one day was 8mg. I was loaded for 18 hours and threw up twice, but it was still a great experience.
I suffer from chronic depression, and I have extreme episodes where I'm suicidal, almost catatonic, the whole bit. The docs usually put me on a couple of anti-depressants (which I'm still taking every day) and some benzos (Ativan, Xanax, etc I take them about 2x a week). This works well, but it takes some time to kick in if they've switched your meds, or if you were stupid enough to get off of them and then fell into depression because of it.  Instant relief. Bupe fits the bill quite nicely.
Since I've taken it a few times, and have had good luck with other opiates, I now take 4mg when I take it. I've tried Vicodin, Percocet, Codine, etc. etc. and the buzz of Bupe is much like those, but it lasts way longer. I have a few orange 8 mg pills, with a cross on one side and 'N8' on the other. I split the pill in half and pop it under my tongue so it dissolves.
After about an hour or so, my whole perspective on everything changes. I love everyone, and I'm not afraid to say it to their faces. I feel very forgiving, and very positive about my life and everything else I think of. I'm not saying Bupe makes me the life of the party. My speech is obviously slurred, and I nod out from time to time, but it's nearly impossible for me to be negative about anything once I'm on it.
I have tried to live out a normal day after taking bupe (4mg lasts about 8 hours or more). I can do my laundry, even balance my checkbook, though that took a lot longer than usual. I would highly recommend that you DON'T DRIVE on bupe. You might think you can, but let me tell you, nodding out behind the wheel is NOT a good idea. Taking a walk outside also may seem like a great thing to do, but you may not be able to walk very well, or very far. I often forget just how loaded I truly am on bupe.
One other interesting thing I've found out about Bupe is that it doesn't mix well with cigarettes. If I smoke a cig while on bupe (I'm trying to quit, and don't smoke much) I will immediately go into a 'nod'. There's also a pretty good chance that I'll puke. My limbs feel heavy, sometimes I get double vision. All this stuff would be fine if it didn't include SERIOUS nausea. After I smoke, I almost always visit the porcelain altar, if only to spit out all the drool that has filled my mouth (lovely visual, huh?) So, smoking a cig can bring the full bupe feeling right back, but you might lose your lunch, so beware.
I have said to one of my psychiatrists that I was sure any opiate would be a great drug to take during a severe/ extreme depression. I've had 3 full blown ones, and am sure to have more. When I told my doc this idea, he laughed and blew it off. Well, I did some research and apparently in Europe, some docs use opiates sparingly for depression. One time, I downed 1/3 of a bottle of liquid Codine during my last and worst episode. It freed me from my misery for four hours. I took that time to pay all my bills for the next 3 months. THen it came back once the Codine wore off.
Bupe is great because it lasts for so long. I've never shot up heroin, never tried any form of it so I don't know how it compares to it, but it didn't seem to do much for my opiate addicted sis, except that it got her even more addicted, so beware if you have a drug problem.
I'm going to try bupe during my next depression, which I'm due for any day (get it every 2-3 years it seems). Hopefully I'll have good news to report. As it is, using opiates for depression is totally unthinkable to American psychiatrists, at least as far as I know. If you're looking to take this drug for fun, be very careful and read the other posts. You don't want to spend your day/night spewing vomit because you took too much. I took four mg about 3 hours ago, and look, I'm typing this just fine, but I know I'm loaded. I nodded out twice during this. So, Bupe is a useful drug, just don't take it often (the euphoria only comes on if you do it once in a great while) and don't take too much. Good luck, folks.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


MOHSEN GAMAL
FRONT-END NINJA
About Me:
discription..........
Featured Work
Animal Trading Card
Coming soon
Coming soon


Click on all the gray squares to place shapes in them.
Beaver will follow arrows of the map according to instructions described as the sequence of shapes shown below.
Beaver should at no time be facing two arrows with the same shape.
The goal is for Beaver to reach the house after following the whole sequence of instructions, but not before.


--- layout: post title: Public Class "DDD Hands-on Immersion" date: 2009-03-28 05:13:23.000000000 -06:00 type: post published: true status: publish categories: [] tags: [] meta: _gcid: '25' _gcuser: Vladimir Gitlevich content_type: announcement Date(s): '2008-10-03T00:00:00' Summary: '2' Link: http://domainlanguage.com/services/training/ Location: '2' _bitly_trim: http://dddcommunity.org/?p=20 author: login: Vladimir Gitlevich email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: Vladimir Gitlevich first_name: Vladimir Gitlevich last_name: '' ---
Enrollment is now open for the 4-day class, "DDD Hands-on Immersion", at
these locations and times:
This intensive course by Eric Evans brings together the practices that
give those object models a real impact on a project. Through lectures,
simulations, discussions and hands-on exercises, we cover
This class is open to developers, analysts and technical leaders, as
well as development managers and other non-technical members of the
software development team.


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New York, New York
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/night
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Brooklyn Bridge
Paris, France
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Notre Dame de Paris
London, UK
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Tower of London


| I l@ve RuBoard |
In this first section, we study the Python language itself. We call this part "The Core Language," because our focus will be on the essentials of Python programming: its built-in types, statements, and tools for packaging program components. By the time you finish reading this section and working through its exercises, you'll be ready to write scripts of your own.
We also use the word "Core" in the title on purpose, because this section isn't an exhaustive treatment of every minute detail of the language. While we may finesse an obscurity or two along the way, the basics you'll see here should help you make sense of the exceptions when they pop up.
| I l@ve RuBoard |


s
personal
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Core contributor to scientific computing in Python:
World-wide recognized contributor and project-manager for open-source scientific software.
IEEE style
Gaël Varoquaux is a research director working on data science and health
at Inria (French Computer Science National research). His research
focuses on statistical-learning tools for data science and scientific
inference, with an eye on applications in health and social science. He
develops tools to make machine learning easier, with statistical models
suited for real-life, uncurated data, and software for data science. For
example, since 2008, he has been exploring data-intensive approaches to
understand brain function and mental health. He co-funded scikit-learn,
one of the reference machine-learning toolboxes, and helped build various
central tools for data analysis in Python. Varoquaux has a PhD in quantum
physics and is a graduate from Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris.
Hacker version
Gaël Varoquaux is a research director working on data science and health
at Inria (French Computer Science National research). His research
focuses on using data and machine learning for scientific inference, with
applications to health and social science, as well as developing tools
that make it easier for non-specialists to use machine learning. He has
long applied it to brain-imaging data to understand cognition. Years
before the NSA, he was hoping to make bleeding-edge data processing
available across new fields, and he has been working on a mastermind plan
building easy-to-use open-source software in Python. He is a core
developer of scikit-learn, joblib, Mayavi and nilearn, a nominated member
of the PSF, and often teaches scientific computing with Python using the
scipy lecture notes.


1. Call a state or district office first.
2. Leave a voicemail. If voicemail is full, press "0." This will typically connect you to a receptionist who may be able to take your message or transfer you to a voicemail that isn't full.
3. Call the national office, if you can't get through. Or to see if you can get a real person.
4. Be prepared to give your name and your location. You can refer to yourself as a constituent, as per the script, and they might not ask.
5. Note that the operator is likely using some kind of form to mark your call, the goal is to generate a high volume of calls that require the operator to check off individual boxes. That means it’s critical to name your issues specifically and not just say something like "oppose Trump."
6. Read this set of tweets for more on why these calls work.


This group project enables a user to find hotels and breweries in a desired city. Great for people people who enjoy traveling! Hotels have their rating and pricing listed, as well as a link to the corresponding hotel and brewery!
Go to the live site now!This group project enables a user to find hotels and breweries in a desired city. Great for people people who enjoy traveling! Hotels have their rating and pricing listed, as well as a link to the corresponding hotel and brewery!
 This Burger Devouring app allows a user to create any and as many burgers as you desire! Simply type in the name of the burger you wish to devour and select to the devour button! Building this app was instrumental in my understanding of how the back end might communicate with the front end! Using tools like MySQL, Handlebars, and Express make this Application possible! Bon Appetit!!
 Utilize this work day scheduler to keep track of everything! Organization is the key to success!
Go to the live site now!Have troubles coming up with a safe and secure password? This password generator webapge is the perfect place for you! It will randomly generate a password between 8 and 50 characters, with any desired amount of special characters!


The problem with click...
*simulated on non-touch device
...click event lags finger by ~300ms 1
tap
" event
<a {{action 'doSomething' on='tap'}}>Tap me</a>
Ember.LinkView.reopen({
eventName: 'tap'
});
Alias when 'tap' is reliable
if (canDependOnTapBehaviour) {
// Do something
Ember.EventDispatcher.reopen({
events: {
// All events you wish to handle...
// click: 'click'
tap: 'click'
}
});
}


--- layout: post title: Advertising comp date: '2015-07-23T18:30:31+02:00' categories: - Klare Lijn — Ligne Claire picture_url: https://film-Storyboards.tumblr.com/post/124873107268 ---


STRSEP
Section: Linux Programmer's Manual (3)
Updated: 2014-02-25
Index
Return to Main Contents
NAME
strsep - extract token from string
SYNOPSIS
#include <string.h>
char *strsep(char **stringp, const char *delim);
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
feature_test_macros(7)):
strsep():
_BSD_SOURCE
DESCRIPTION
If
*stringp
is NULL, the
strsep()
function returns NULL
and does nothing else.
Otherwise, this function finds the first token
in the string
*stringp,
that is delimited by one of the bytes in the string
delim.
This token is terminated by overwriting the delimiter
with a null byte ('\0'),
and
*stringp
is updated to point past the token.
In case no delimiter was found, the token is taken to be
the entire string
*stringp,
and
*stringp
is made NULL.
RETURN VALUE
The
strsep()
function returns a pointer to the token,
that is, it returns the original value of
*stringp.
ATTRIBUTES
Multithreading (see pthreads(7))
The
strsep()
function is thread-safe.
CONFORMING TO
4.4BSD.
NOTES
The
strsep()
function was introduced as a replacement for
strtok(3),
since the latter cannot handle empty fields.
However,
strtok(3)
conforms to C89/C99 and hence is more portable.
BUGS
Be cautious when using this function.
If you do use it, note that:
- *
-
This function modifies its first argument.
- *
-
This function cannot be used on constant strings.
- *
-
The identity of the delimiting character is lost.
SEE ALSO
index(3),
memchr(3),
rindex(3),
strchr(3),
string(3),
strpbrk(3),
strspn(3),
strstr(3),
strtok(3)
Index
- NAME
-
- SYNOPSIS
-
- DESCRIPTION
-
- RETURN VALUE
-
- ATTRIBUTES
-
- Multithreading (see pthreads(7))
-
- CONFORMING TO
-
- NOTES
-
- BUGS
-
- SEE ALSO
-
This document was created by
man2html,
using the manual pages.
Time: 02:54:57 GMT, September 18, 2014


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Announcing ZoaUI v0.1.6
Another UI library that seems to work
As it goes, I’ve been working on the library for more than a month—I began this project almost as soon as my new Surface was dilivered home.
Now it’d look more like a real, working front-end UI & CSS library. I hope so.
View the ZoaUI demo & documentation page for more details. Starring or forking the GitHub repo is also welcome.


Hundreds skip school in Lebanon to press for change
BEIRUT: Hundreds of schoolchildren led anti-government demonstrations across Lebanon on Wednesday (Nov 6), refusing to return to class before the demands of a nearly three-week-old protest movement are met.

"What will I do with a school leaver's certificate if I don't have a country," one pupil told Lebanese television.
In the largest pupil-led protest, crowds streamed into a central square in the southern city of Sidon, demanding better public education and more job opportunities for school leavers, the state-run National News Agency (NNA) reported.
In a school in the resort town of Jounieh, just north of the capital, pupils mobilised against school governors accusing them of banning particpation in the protests.
Other pupil-led protests took place in the southern cities of Tyre and Nabatieh, the eastern city of Zahleh and the northern city of Byblos, according to NNA and other Lebanese media reports.
But demonstrators, who have kept up their protests since Oct 17, were not blocking key roads on Wednesday morning.
Banks were open and classes resumed at most schools after a two-week gap.
But demonstrators gathered around key state institutions for a second day in a row, in what appears to be a new tactic replacing road closures.
The most significant in the capital was around the Palace of Justice, where hundreds demanded an independent judiciary and an end to political interference, an AFP correspondent reported.
"We don't want judges who receive orders," read one placard held aloft by the crowd.
A smaller group of protesters gathered near the central bank, accusing it of aggravating the country's economic crisis.
Pressure from the street prompted Prime Minister Saad Hariri to resign last week. He remains in his post in a caretaker capacity while rival politicians haggle over the make-up of a new government.
The protesters have expressed mounting frustration with the slow pace of the coalition talks.


Predict Whether a Quote from Back to the Future was Said by Doc or Marty!
Enter a quote below and see which speaker (Marty or Doc) your model predicts using the power of machine learning.
{{ classination }}
Enter a quote below and see which speaker (Marty or Doc) your model predicts using the power of machine learning.
{{ classination }}


{% comment "License" %} % Copyright (c) 2018 ISP RAS (http://www.ispras.ru) % Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the Russian Academy of Sciences % % Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); % you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. % You may obtain a copy of the License at % % http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 % % Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software % distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, % WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. % See the License for the specific language governing permissions and % limitations under the License. {% endcomment %} {% load i18n %} {% load tz %} {% load humanize %} {% if progress %} {% if progress.start_decision %}


public class S2K extends BCPGObject
In iterated mode, S2K takes a single byte iteration count specifier, which is converted to an actual iteration count using a formula that grows the iteration count exponentially as the byte value increases.
e.g. 0x01
== 1088 iterations, and 0xFF
== 65,011,712 iterations.
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
static int |
GNU_DUMMY_S2K |
static int |
GNU_PROTECTION_MODE_DIVERT_TO_CARD |
static int |
GNU_PROTECTION_MODE_NO_PRIVATE_KEY |
static int |
SALTED
Salted key generation.
|
static int |
SALTED_AND_ITERATED
Salted and iterated key generation.
|
static int |
SIMPLE
Simple key generation.
|
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
S2K(int algorithm)
Constructs a specifier for a
simple S2K generation. |
S2K(int algorithm,
byte[] iv)
Constructs a specifier for a
salted S2K generation. |
S2K(int algorithm,
byte[] iv,
int itCount)
Constructs a specifier for a
salted and iterated S2K generation. |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
encode(BCPGOutputStream out) |
int |
getHashAlgorithm()
Gets the
hash algorithm for this S2K. |
long |
getIterationCount()
Gets the actual (expanded) iteration count.
|
byte[] |
getIV()
Gets the iv/salt to use for the key generation.
|
int |
getProtectionMode()
Gets the protection mode - only if GNU_DUMMY_S2K
|
int |
getType()
Gets the
digest algorithm specified. |
getEncoded
public static final int SIMPLE
public static final int SALTED
public static final int SALTED_AND_ITERATED
public static final int GNU_DUMMY_S2K
public static final int GNU_PROTECTION_MODE_NO_PRIVATE_KEY
public static final int GNU_PROTECTION_MODE_DIVERT_TO_CARD
public S2K(int algorithm)
simple
S2K generation.algorithm
- the digest algorithm
to use.public S2K(int algorithm, byte[] iv)
salted
S2K generation.algorithm
- the digest algorithm
to use.iv
- the salt to apply to input to the key generation.public S2K(int algorithm, byte[] iv, int itCount)
salted and iterated
S2K generation.algorithm
- the digest algorithm
to iterate.iv
- the salt to apply to input to the key generation.itCount
- the single byte iteration count specifier.public int getType()
digest algorithm
specified.public int getHashAlgorithm()
hash algorithm
for this S2K.public byte[] getIV()
public long getIterationCount()
public int getProtectionMode()
public void encode(BCPGOutputStream out) throws java.io.IOException
encode
in class BCPGObject
java.io.IOException


Background¶
This package provides a Pythonic way to interface with the NOAA National Ocean Service Web Camera Applications Testbed (WebCAT). The real-time data is hosted on the SECOORA site (Southeast Coastal Ocean Observing Regional Association), on the dedicated WebCAT page. Historic data can also be accessed by retrieving files using specific HTTP requests (using a pattern described on the WebCAT page).
More details about WebCAT are available in this Open Access paper:
Dusek, G., Hernandez, D., Willis, M., Brown, J. A., Long, J. W., Porter, D. E., & Vance, T. C. (2019). WebCAT: Piloting the development of a web camera coastal observing network for diverse applications. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 353, 25 June 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00353


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{% extends "base.html" %} {% load crispy_forms_tags %} {% block main_content %} {% if validlink %}
The password reset link was invalid, possibly because it has already been used. Please request a new password reset here


In this guide I will demonstrate how to deploy a Kubernetes cluster to Azure cloud. You will be using CoreOS with Weave, which implements simple and secure networking, in a transparent, yet robust way. The purpose of this guide is to provide an out-of-the-box implementation that can ultimately be taken into production with little change. It will demonstrate how to provision a dedicated Kubernetes master and etcd nodes, and show how to scale the cluster with ease.
To get started, you need to checkout the code:
git clone https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
cd kubernetes/docs/getting-started-guides/coreos/azure/
You will need to have Node.js installed on you machine. If you have previously used Azure CLI, you should have it already.
First, you need to install some of the dependencies with
npm install
Now, all you need to do is:
./azure-login.js -u <your_username>
./create-kubernetes-cluster.js
This script will provision a cluster suitable for production use, where there is a ring of 3 dedicated etcd nodes: 1 kubernetes master and 2 kubernetes nodes.
The kube-00
VM will be the master, your work loads are only to be deployed on the nodes, kube-01
and kube-02
. Initially, all VMs are single-core, to
ensure a user of the free tier can reproduce it without paying extra. I will show how to add more bigger VMs later.
Once the creation of Azure VMs has finished, you should see the following:
...
azure_wrapper/info: Saved SSH config, you can use it like so: `ssh -F ./output/kube_1c1496016083b4_ssh_conf <hostname>`
azure_wrapper/info: The hosts in this deployment are:
[ 'etcd-00', 'etcd-01', 'etcd-02', 'kube-00', 'kube-01', 'kube-02' ]
azure_wrapper/info: Saved state into `./output/kube_1c1496016083b4_deployment.yml`
Let’s login to the master node like so:
ssh -F ./output/kube_1c1496016083b4_ssh_conf kube-00
Note: config file name will be different, make sure to use the one you see.
Check there are 2 nodes in the cluster:
core@kube-00 ~ $ kubectl get nodes
NAME LABELS STATUS
kube-01 kubernetes.io/hostname=kube-01 Ready
kube-02 kubernetes.io/hostname=kube-02 Ready
Let’s follow the Guestbook example now:
kubectl create -f ~/guestbook-example
You need to wait for the pods to get deployed, run the following and wait for STATUS
to change from Pending
to Running
.
kubectl get pods --watch
Note: the most time it will spend downloading Docker container images on each of the nodes.
Eventually you should see:
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
frontend-0a9xi 1/1 Running 0 4m
frontend-4wahe 1/1 Running 0 4m
frontend-6l36j 1/1 Running 0 4m
redis-master-talmr 1/1 Running 0 4m
redis-slave-12zfd 1/1 Running 0 4m
redis-slave-3nbce 1/1 Running 0 4m
Two single-core nodes are certainly not enough for a production system of today. Let’s scale the cluster by adding a couple of bigger nodes.
You will need to open another terminal window on your machine and go to the same working directory (e.g. ~/Workspace/kubernetes/docs/getting-started-guides/coreos/azure/
).
First, lets set the size of new VMs:
export AZ_VM_SIZE=Large
Now, run scale script with state file of the previous deployment and number of nodes to add:
core@kube-00 ~ $ ./scale-kubernetes-cluster.js ./output/kube_1c1496016083b4_deployment.yml 2
...
azure_wrapper/info: Saved SSH config, you can use it like so: `ssh -F ./output/kube_8f984af944f572_ssh_conf <hostname>`
azure_wrapper/info: The hosts in this deployment are:
[ 'etcd-00',
'etcd-01',
'etcd-02',
'kube-00',
'kube-01',
'kube-02',
'kube-03',
'kube-04' ]
azure_wrapper/info: Saved state into `./output/kube_8f984af944f572_deployment.yml`
Note: this step has created new files in
./output
.
Back on kube-00
:
core@kube-00 ~ $ kubectl get nodes
NAME LABELS STATUS
kube-01 kubernetes.io/hostname=kube-01 Ready
kube-02 kubernetes.io/hostname=kube-02 Ready
kube-03 kubernetes.io/hostname=kube-03 Ready
kube-04 kubernetes.io/hostname=kube-04 Ready
You can see that two more nodes joined happily. Let’s scale the number of Guestbook instances now.
First, double-check how many replication controllers there are:
core@kube-00 ~ $ kubectl get rc
ONTROLLER CONTAINER(S) IMAGE(S) SELECTOR REPLICAS
frontend php-redis kubernetes/example-guestbook-php-redis:v2 name=frontend 3
redis-master master redis name=redis-master 1
redis-slave worker kubernetes/redis-slave:v2 name=redis-slave 2
As there are 4 nodes, let’s scale proportionally:
core@kube-00 ~ $ kubectl scale --replicas=4 rc redis-slave
>>>>>>> coreos/azure: Updates for 1.0
scaled
core@kube-00 ~ $ kubectl scale --replicas=4 rc frontend
scaled
Check what you have now:
core@kube-00 ~ $ kubectl get rc
CONTROLLER CONTAINER(S) IMAGE(S) SELECTOR REPLICAS
frontend php-redis kubernetes/example-guestbook-php-redis:v2 name=frontend 4
redis-master master redis name=redis-master 1
redis-slave worker kubernetes/redis-slave:v2 name=redis-slave 4
You now will have more instances of front-end Guestbook apps and Redis slaves; and, if you look up all pods labeled name=frontend
, you should see one running on each node.
core@kube-00 ~/guestbook-example $ kubectl get pods -l name=frontend
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
frontend-0a9xi 1/1 Running 0 22m
frontend-4wahe 1/1 Running 0 22m
frontend-6l36j 1/1 Running 0 22m
frontend-z9oxo 1/1 Running 0 41s
There is no native Azure load-balancer support in Kubernetes 1.0, however here is how you can expose the Guestbook app to the Internet.
./expose_guestbook_app_port.sh ./output/kube_1c1496016083b4_ssh_conf
Guestbook app is on port 31605, will map it to port 80 on kube-00
info: Executing command vm endpoint create
+ Getting virtual machines
+ Reading network configuration
+ Updating network configuration
info: vm endpoint create command OK
info: Executing command vm endpoint show
+ Getting virtual machines
data: Name : tcp-80-31605
data: Local port : 31605
data: Protcol : tcp
data: Virtual IP Address : <IP_ADDRESS>
data: Direct server return : Disabled
info: vm endpoint show command OK
You then should be able to access it from anywhere via the Azure virtual IP for kube-00
displayed above, i.e. http://<IP_ADDRESS>/
in my case.
You now have a full-blow cluster running in Azure, congrats!
You should probably try deploy other example apps or write your own ;)
If you don’t wish care about the Azure bill, you can tear down the cluster. It’s easy to redeploy it, as you can see.
./destroy-cluster.js ./output/kube_8f984af944f572_deployment.yml
Note: make sure to use the latest state file, as after scaling there is a new one.
By the way, with the scripts shown, you can deploy multiple clusters, if you like :)


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block body %}
You can get information about registered property or land in England and Wales, even if you don’t own it.
For example a postcode, street name or title number


This is a snazzy contact page with basic social links to encourage someone to contact me if this was a real portfolio site.
Ideally, I would have added more to this page if it was real, like a contact form, contact info, etc. But for now, I left it super basic :)
-----------------------------


Change
J/Boats Profile
J/Boats Collection
Sail Northwest Profile
Maritime Solutions Profile
Achillise Collection
Stearns Profile
Sail Cal Profile
MarineMotion Profile
Bad Listing
Featured
Change
Highfield Inflatables
Achilles Inflatables
J/Boats


An Entertainer
Growing up, Mihir trained to be an actor, starting with performing in his school plays and choir. After doing stand-up comedy at the Comic Strip Live, Mihir took off with acting and modeling with a role in the Off-Broadway musical "Broadway Jayne" and enjoyed starring in a "Juicy Drop Taffy" Television Commercial. An entertainer since birth, Mihir loves all performing arts and hopes to utilize his acting talents again soon.
A Singer
Starting in chorus and chamber choir in middle school, Mihir was always searching to find his voice. He received about three years of training at the School Of Rock, as well as four years training with Joy Askew at Stevens. He has also studied Carnatic Indian singing, and devotional Hindu Classical music.
A Guitarist
At the age of 13 Mihir started taking lessons at School of Rock. The guitar has been his favorite instrument since, taking his influence from John Frusciante, Jimi Hendrix, and other rock legends.
Mihir main instruments are a Mccarty PRS electric guitar (pictured) and an A1R Yamaha Acoustic guitar.


[gecode-users] Bug....
Guido Tack
tack at ps.uni-sb.de
Fri Jul 21 10:21:22 CEST 2006
Hi.
> In "lin-expr.icc", the operator:
> forceinline Gecode::MiniModel::LinExpr
> operator-(int c,
> const Gecode::MiniModel::LinExpr& t) {
> return Gecode::MiniModel::LinExpr(t, c, -1);
> }
>
> IMHO is incorrect, I think that must be:
>
> return Gecode::MiniModel::LinExpr(t,-c,-1);
No, this operator is correct. What is incorrect is the documentation of
LinExpr(const LinExpr& e, int c, int s);
It should read
Create expression s*e+c (where s is the sign)
Thanks for the report!
Cheers,
Guido
--
Guido Tack
Programming Systems Lab, Saarland University, Germany
http://www.ps.uni-sb.de/~tack
More information about the gecode-users
mailing list


Policy Optimization methods in Reinforcement Learning
Contents
- Markov Decision Process
- Bellman Equation
- Value Functions
- Policy Optimization
- 1. Policy Iteration
- 2. Value Iteration
Before we go ahead and start discussing about policy optimization methods in Reinforcement Learning. Let me first clear few terms such as markov decision process, bellman equation, states, actions, rewards, policy, value functions etc. So lets understand them one by one.
In Reinforcement Learning, An AI agent learn how to optimally interact in a Real Time environment using Time-Delayed Labels called as Rewards as a signal.
Markov Decision Process is a mathematical framework for defining the reinforcement learning problem using STATES, ACTIONS, REWARDS.
Through interacting with an environment, an AI will learn a policy which will return an action for a given STATE with the highest reward.
Until now we have studied about Reinforcement Learning environment, and we have also learned what our goal is in that enviroment i.e. to find Optimal Policy or say to find optimal value function because one will lead to another. In this blog we will discuss policy optimization using planning by dynamic programming. Dynamic Programming assumes full knowledge of MDP. It is used for planning in a MDP.
Here we will discuss, 2 methods:
| Problem | Bellman Equation | Algorithm |
|---|---|---|
| Prediction | Bellman Expectation Equation | Iterative Policy Evaluation |
| Control | Bellman Expectation Equation + Greedy Policy Improvement | Policy Iteration |
| Control | Bellman Optimality Equation | Value Iteration |