--- title: "Solutions" menutitle: "Solutions" mainfont: Arial fontsize: 12pt urlcolor: blue weight: 30 ---
Package and Data Loading
As mentioned during the session setup, load the following packages using the library()
function. Additionally, as we will be using a data set which contains large numbers, set scipen to 999, within the options()
function.
library(tidyverse)
library(caret)
library(tree)
library(rpart)
library(rpart.plot)
library(e1071)
options(scipen = 999)
Furthermore, for the purpose of this session, we will be using data from UC Irvine Machine Learning Repository and in particular the Red Wine Quality Dataset. This can be downloaded from the site directly, or contained in the .zip file.
winequality_red <- read_csv("data/winequality-red.csv")
Section 1: Data Preparation for Tree-based Models
Exercise 1: Transform the data: Numeric to Binary
For some tasks you may be required to generate a classification tree, rather than a regression tree. The major difference between these types is that classification trees look to predict a nominal output, whereas regression trees aim to predict a continuous output (numeric). In this case we can actively convert our outcome variable (quality
) from a numeric continuous variable (0-8) to a dichotomous variable rating wine as either high (>6) or low (<=6) on this scale.
To do this, (as always) there are multiple options, one of the easiest is the ifelse()
function. This function works through providing a binary statement, or threshold, with options being listed if the statement is true or false.
Apply the following code to your data to convert from numeric to binary data. And convert to a factor variable.
winequality_red$quality_bin <- ifelse(winequality_red$quality <= 6,
yes = "low", no = "high")
winequality_red$quality_bin <- factor(winequality_red$quality_bin)
Prior to any models being developed, data must be prepared through splitting in training and testing groups. To do this, two methods can be used, to begin with we will use a manual method in which we split the data by hand.
To ensure we are all using the same data, firstly set the reproducible seed. Personally, I use dates as my seeds, this produces 8 digit seeds which are great for reproducibility.
set.seed(13052006)
Most training-test (TT) splits are 80/20, that is 80% training data, 20% testing data.
In our manual method we firstly calculate the number of observations in each set. In this case:
We can adjust these to ensure whole numbers through rounding accordingly.
Now we can generate a pair of vectors (train.vec & test.vec) each containing the word “train” or “test” accordingly, to the length provided. These can then be combined as comb.vec of total length 1599, containing both training and testing lists.
train.vec <- rep_len("train", length.out = 1279)
test.vec <- rep_len("test", length.out = 320)
comb.vec <- c(train.vec, test.vec)
Next, using a for loop, as provided below. You can assign each observation as a training or test case, creating a new variable in the process called group.
## Example 1
for(i in 1:1599){
winequality_red[i,"group"] <- sample(comb.vec, size = 1, replace = FALSE)
}
Note, for more advanced users, this process can be easily completed through skipping the step above and using the following the code in example 2.
## Example 2 (Advanced)
for(i in 1:1599){
winequality_red[i, "group"] <- sample(c("train", "test"), size = 1, replace = TRUE, prob = c("train" = 0.8, "test" = 0.2))
}
Once these groups are identified they can easily be split using the filter()
function. From these divided groups you can then use this data to train and test your Machine Learning Models.
train.dat <- filter(winequality_red, `group` == "train")
test.dat <- filter(winequality_red, `group` == "test")
The alternative, and arguably more direct method uses the createDataPartition()
function. In which you skip most of the steps above, simply grouping the data randomly into training or testing data.
## Create Data Partition
train.vec2 <- createDataPartition(
y = winequality_red$quality, ## Quality is the outcome variable
p = 0.8, ## p lists the percent to training
list = FALSE ## Format of the results
)
## Partition The data, based upon the partition
train.dat2 <- winequality_red[train.vec2,]
train.dat2 <- winequality_red[-train.vec2,]
Both methods are acceptable, however the first is useful in understanding the process completed.
Exercise 2: Prepare the data yourself
Using one of the techniques listed above, prepare a training and testing data group. Once split, use summary()
to see whether the data is similar. Compare the median, mean and range.
Section 2: My First Decision Tree
Now that the data is prepared, we can begin to examine specific examples. As with most things within R, there are a million different ways to achieve the same goal. In this case, you can use the function rpart()
(Package rpart); tree()
(Package tree); or train()
(Package caret). For this workshop, as the the textbook uses tree()
, we will focus on rpart()
, providing an alternative. As a general rule, the techniques, and parameter understanding developed here are transferable between different functions.
Exercise 3: Using rpart()
, with the formula listed below, generate a classification tree to predict quality.
Formula = quality_bin ~ alcohol + citric acid + pH
Remember to “`” around citric acid, to ensure it recognizes the variable!
Once completed, use rpart.plot()
to plot the classification tree.
## Model the Tree
class_tree_1 <- rpart(data = train.dat,
formula = quality_bin ~ alcohol + `citric acid` + pH,
method = "class")
## Plot the classification tree
rpart.plot(class_tree_1)
This produces a clear and highly interpretable classification tree, using these variables to classify quality. A similar result can be produced for a regression tree, through adapting the formula swapping quality_bin
for quality
.
Exercise 4: Using rpart()
, generate a regression tree to predict quality.
Remember to use quality
rather than quality_bin
.
## Model the Tree
reg_tree_1 <- rpart(data = train.dat,
formula = quality ~ alcohol + `citric acid` + pH,
method = "anova")
## Plot the classification tree
rpart.plot(reg_tree_1)
Exercise 5: Compare the plots side by side, which do you think will more accuracy predict red wine quality, the classification or regression tree?
The answer to this is a complex one, and varies based upon the question you would like to answer. We will look into which is more appropriate in the coming sections.
Section 3: Evaluating Tree-based models
In order to evaluate the effectiveness of a devised model, one must first apply the model developed on the training data onto new, novel data, in this case the test data we assigned earlier. From this, we can compare the the predicted outcome to the true outcome using a confusion matrix, to calculate various assessments of evaluation like accuracy.
To apply the model to the training data, we can use the predict()
function, which applies the predefined model to new data, in our case being the testing data.
Exercise 6: Using the predict()
function, apply both the classification and regression trees to the testing data.
## For classification trees
class_pred <- predict(object = class_tree_1, ## Specify the model here
newdata = test.dat, ## Specify the new data here
method = "class") ## Specify the type of methodology
## For classification trees
reg_pred <- predict(object = reg_tree_1, ## Specify the model here
newdata = test.dat, ## Specify the new data here
method = "anova") ## Specify the type of methodology
When we use the predict function, this applies the new data provided to the specified object model, in order to predict the outcome. From this depending on what type of model we have used, we can evaluate its performance.
Before any evaluations can take place, some cleaning and manipulation must be completed. Firstly, for classification prediction a probability is produced for each available option, as such we must specify which is the predicted category each observation falls into. This can be done using another for loop and associated if statements as below:
## Convert the predicted information to a dataframe
class_pred <- as.data.frame(class_pred)
## For each row in in the predicted class, if the probability is greater for high than low, then list high as the predicted.
for(i in 1:nrow(class_pred)){
if(class_pred[i,1] > class_pred[i,2]){
class_pred[i,"pred"] <- "high"
} else {
class_pred[i,"pred"] <- "low"
}
}
## Convert to a factor
class_pred$pred <- factor(class_pred$pred)
Once this manipulation is completed, you can use the function confusionMatrix()
which compared the predicted against the actual observations in order to evaluate the model.
Exercise 7: After manipulating the predicted class data as above, use the function confusionMatrix()
to evaluate this model
confusionMatrix(data = class_pred$pred, ## Specify the predicted data and specifically the output
reference = test.dat$quality_bin) ## Specify the reference data and specifically the output
## Confusion Matrix and Statistics
##
## Reference
## Prediction high low
## high 7 14
## low 39 244
##
## Accuracy : 0.8257
## 95% CI : (0.7782, 0.8666)
## No Information Rate : 0.8487
## P-Value [Acc > NIR] : 0.8836254
##
## Kappa : 0.1261
##
## Mcnemar's Test P-Value : 0.0009784
##
## Sensitivity : 0.15217
## Specificity : 0.94574
## Pos Pred Value : 0.33333
## Neg Pred Value : 0.86219
## Prevalence : 0.15132
## Detection Rate : 0.02303
## Detection Prevalence : 0.06908
## Balanced Accuracy : 0.54896
##
## 'Positive' Class : high
##
When running this function, it produces a large amount of different statistical information, these are broken down further in Learning Material: Evaluating Models.
In comparison, to evaluate the fit of regression trees, we use Root Mean Squared Error or RMSE. Which is a single measure of the absolute deviation from the predicted line the observed area. With the smaller this value being, the better fit this model is.
To calculate the RMSE, the function RMSE()
can be used, similar to the confusionMatrix function, this also uses data and reference as its inputs.
Exercise 8: Using the function RMSE()
evaluate the Regression Tree Model
RMSE(pred = reg_pred, # Predicted
obs = test.dat$quality) # Observed
## [1] 0.7712802
Section 4: Review & Comparison
Exercise 9: Using all the knowledge from today’s session, and that available from the Learning Materials tab, run additional regression and classification trees, using as much or as little of the data set provided as you wish, and compare which combination of variables is best at predicting quality.
For your learning, I would suggest repeating Section 1, or if time is limited using the training and test data previously generated.
Please note, during the next installment of this series: Introduction to Machine Learning: Tree-based Models 2, we will be exploring alternative ways to increase prediction accuracy including pruning.


LIME Explainer Dashboard for Fine-grained Sentiment
1: Strongly Negative 2: Weakly Negative 3: Neutral 4: Weakly Positive 5: Strongly Positive
Enter your text:
Number of samples to generate for LIME explainer: (For really long input text, go up to 5000)
Choose classifier:
Please Select Classifier
TextBlob
VADER
Logistic Regression
Support Vector Machine
FastText
{% if exp %}
LIME-explained results using {{ classifier }}
{{ exp|safe }}
{% endif %}


data class Card : StripeModel
If this is a card
PaymentMethod, this hash contains details about the card.
Builder |
class Builder : ObjectBuilder<Card> |
Checks |
Checks on Card address and CVC if provided data class Checks : StripeModel |
Networks |
data class Networks : StripeModel |
ThreeDSecureUsage |
Contains details on how this Card maybe be used for 3D Secure authentication. data class ThreeDSecureUsage : StripeModel |
Brand |
annotation class Brand |
brand |
Card brand. Can be val brand: String? |
checks |
Checks on Card address and CVC if provided val checks: Checks? |
country |
Two-letter ISO code representing the country of the card. You could use this attribute to get a sense of the international breakdown of cards you’ve collected. val country: String? |
expiryMonth |
Two-digit number representing the card’s expiration month. val expiryMonth: Int? |
expiryYear |
Four-digit number representing the card’s expiration year. val expiryYear: Int? |
funding |
Card funding type. Can be val funding: String? |
last4 |
The last four digits of the card. val last4: String? |
threeDSecureUsage |
Contains details on how this Card maybe be used for 3D Secure authentication. val threeDSecureUsage: ThreeDSecureUsage? |
wallet |
If this Card is part of a card wallet, this contains the details of the card wallet. val wallet: Wallet? |


| {% for ownership in data['ownerships'] %} {% for device in ownership['devices'] %} | {{device['name']}} |
{% endfor %}
{% endfor %}
|---|---|
| {{record['created_at']}} | {% for color in record['owner_device_rec'] %}{% endfor %} |


H5P examples
In addition to more traditional tools like
flashcards
,
multiple choice
, and
fill in the blanks
, you can use H5P to create more unusual formative content like these examples
Course presentation
Dialog cards
Drag the answer
Image sequencing
Find the hotspots
Image juxtaposition
For more information try the
H5P site


PeaceLabs is a platform where people come together to co create social projects. Here, creators, volunteers and social investors meet to bennefit from the power of crowdsourcing and technology, and can improve the engagement of their project as well as the return on their social investments.
Create project


 There are TONS of items her - around 3 - and they are all excessively priced! For a very low price $10M, you can buy a portion of the first item! Downpayments accepted.
Whoa look at that watch wooh legit piece of accessory which made a big success in causing paranoia to its buyers by tracking their sleeping time! Worth it!
If you haven't had enough of your privacy life invaded, try out this creepy camera that takes a video of you and sends it to the NSA! Not only does it activate on its own, you can't even modify it! Awesome!


{% load static %}
MyUMBC Submission System
Home
Contact
Submit
Student Manager
Assignments
Student Submissions
Welcome to the Student Submission Page
First Name
Last Name
Class
Assignment
Attachment
Submission Date
Submission Time
Due Date
Due Time
{% for r in assignments %}
{% for c in r %}
{{c}}
{% endfor %}
{% endfor %}


From the blog |
Quick Links |
Contact Us |
Socialise |
|---|---|---|---|
Luka Modric wins Ballon d'Or, |
This link directs to a web-page's ID This link directs to an active website on internet This link directs to a photo taken by PC This link directs to an e-mail address This link directs to web-page's header |
Company: Monumental Street: Calle Bailén Str. Town: Madrid ZipCode:28047 Tel: 049 123/456 Fax: 38349 123/456 Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|


Tek
30-May-19 05:38 AM
but then I sold at 60 sats
it went all the way to 1800 sats
it was like 100 eur worth at 22 sats
with the chinese whale frens
it was a total shitcoin gamble
it all started with the binance TRX trading competition
it went from 20 sats to 1800 sats in a week


Channel Islands July/August 2011
Diving on the Horizon
Web Photo Gallery created by Adobe Lightroom.
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Gregg Kellogg


Package nonComparisonBasedSortingAlgorithms
Non-Comparison-Based Sorting Algorithms In Java.
This package contains:
Counting Sorting Algorithm. Pigeon-Hole Sorting Algorithm. Radix Sorting Algorithm. Bucket Sorting Algorithm. AmericanFlag Sorting Algorithm. Bead Sorting Algorithm.- Since:
- 1.0
- Version:
- 1.0
- Author:
- Rawad Alaryan
-
Class Summary Class Description AmericanFlagSortingAlgorithm<T extends Comparable<T>> AMERICAN FLAG SORTING ALGORITHM: American Flag Sort is an efficient, In-place variant of Radix Sort.BeadSortingAlgorithm<T extends Comparable<T>> BEAD SORTING ALGORITHM: Bead Sort is also called "Gravity Sort".BucketSortingAlgorithm<T extends Comparable<T>> BUCKET SORTING ALGORITHM: Bucket Sort is a Non-Comparison-Based Sorting Algorithm.CountingSortingAlgorithm<T extends Comparable<T>> COUNTING SORTING ALGORITHM: It is an Integer Sorting Algorithm: We assume the values to be integers.PigeonHoleSortingAlgorithm<T extends Comparable<T>> PIGEONHOLE SORTING ALGORITHM: Pigeonhole Sorting is a sorting algorithm that is suitable for sorting lists of elements where: The number of elements (n) and the length of the range of possible key values (N) are approximately the same.RadixSortingAlgorithm<T extends Comparable<T>> RADIX SORTING ALGORITHM: It is a Non-Comparison-Based Sorting Algorithm.


We get it, your preferences vary. Complete your Coding Collab profile to tell us what you love, hate, and hope to gain on your coding journey. We'll match you to other coders based on shared interests and goals.
 We want people on all levels to feel included. Don't worry, we aren't going to match you based on your friends' friends and we also aren't going to limit your matches if you've never launched an app.
Coding Collab offers developers a virtual community designed to expand your resources beyond textbooks and local tutors. We give you the option to find coders both locally and virtually, increasing opportunities for mentorship or collaboration.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nullam scelerisque id nunc nec volutpat. Etiam pellentesque tristique arcu, non consequat magna fermentum ac. Cras ut ultricies eros. Maecenas eros justo, ullamcorper a sapien id, viverra ultrices eros. Morbi sem neque, posuere et pretium eget, bibendum sollicitudin lacus. Aliquam eleifend sollicitudin diam, eu mattis nisl maximus sed. Nulla imperdiet semper molestie. Morbi massa odio, condimentum sed ipsum ac, gravida ultrices erat. Nullam eget dignissim mauris, non tristique erat. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae;


How the Web Works
The World Wide Web was created in the early nineties and has become a system supporting the sharing, storage, linking and displaying of specially formatted text documents using the markup language of HTML.
HTML
Hyper Text Markup Language or HTML is made up of text, markup tags, and reference links to other pages and media (images, video, audio). Markup extends text into html making it richer. Internet based HTML documents stored on servers can be displayed on a computer that has an internet connection by pointing a Web Browser to a unique internet address otherwise known as a URL. The rules for the tranfer and storage of these files from server to browser is called HTTP.
The syntax of code is strict, and there are many rules, too many to memorize, if you forget something you can always look it up quickly at the W3 website but if you obey the rules you can create amazing things!.
Tags and Elements
A HTML Element is made up of the content within a set of opening and closing tags. An Elements attributes are always specified at the start of a tag and provides additional info about the element.
- Opening Tag:
- All tags are contained within brackets i.e. the paragraph opening tag.
- Content:
- whatever the content happens to be.
- Closing Tag:
- the paragraph closing tag.
Note: some tags (void tags) do not require a closing tags. e.g. the line break tag
.
White Space, Block, and Inline Elements In HTML
Whitespace Whitespace is always just one space, so to create space around elements/text use tags.
e.g. the line break tag
Inline Elements
Inline Elements are normally displayed without line breaks.
Examples of Inline tags: .
The span tag is used to group inline elements together for CSS styling, creates no change on its own. More detail on span later ... it should be closed
like this:.
Examples of Block tags:
.
The div tag is used to group block elements together for CSS styling, by default browsers always places a line break before and after the div element. More detail later ... it should be closed like this:
.
More Tags
The br tag
 is used to insert a single line break in content, it is a void tag so it doesn't need to be closed except for in xhtml where it should be closed like this:
.
The tag
 by default browsers will automatically add a margin before and after the paragraph element.


Money Play. How should Red play 11?
pips Red=97 White=166
(CorrectAnswer= 0/0, ErrorScore= 0)
There are a huge number of possible plays. The key is to maintain flexibility in order to hit any escaping checkers and to make the bar-point if only temporarily.
It would be an error to play 8/7(2) with two of the aces. Red needs to keep White’s sixes blocked and also if White rolls 51 Red wants that checker to get stuck on his bar-point. The top three plays are 15/11; 15/14, 15/12 and 15/14, 13/10 with nothing much to choose between them.
It would be an error to play 8/7(2) with two of the aces. Red needs to keep White’s sixes blocked and also if White rolls 51 Red wants that checker to get stuck on his bar-point. The top three plays are 15/11; 15/14, 15/12 and 15/14, 13/10 with nothing much to choose between them.
1. Cubeful 2-ply 15/11 Eq.: +1.584 0.935 0.699 0.042 - 0.065 0.004 0.000 2. Cubeful 2-ply 15/12 15/14 Eq.: +1.580 (-0.005) 0.933 0.698 0.043 - 0.067 0.004 0.000 3. Cubeful 2-ply 15/14 13/10 Eq.: +1.575 (-0.010) 0.935 0.692 0.040 - 0.065 0.004 0.000 4. Cubeful 2-ply 15/12 13/12 Eq.: +1.563 (-0.022) 0.932 0.686 0.039 - 0.068 0.004 0.000 5. Cubeful 2-ply 15/14 13/12 8/7(2) Eq.: +1.557 (-0.028) 0.933 0.681 0.036 - 0.067 0.004 0.000


| 1 | /* | |
| 2 | * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more | |
| 3 | * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with | |
| 4 | * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. | |
| 5 | * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 | |
| 6 | * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with | |
| 7 | * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at | |
| 8 | * | |
| 9 | * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 | |
| 10 | * | |
| 11 | * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software | |
| 12 | * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, | |
| 13 | * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. | |
| 14 | * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and | |
| 15 | * limitations under the License. | |
| 16 | */ | |
| 17 | package org.apache.commons.collections4.functors; | |
| 18 | ||
| 19 | import java.io.Serializable; | |
| 20 | ||
| 21 | import org.apache.commons.collections4.Predicate; | |
| 22 | ||
| 23 | /** | |
| 24 | * Abstract base class for quantification predicates, e.g. All, Any, None. | |
| 25 | * | |
| 26 | * @since 4.0 | |
| 27 | * @version $Id: AbstractQuantifierPredicate.java 1543167 2013-11-18 21:21:32Z ggregory $ | |
| 28 | */ | |
| 29 | public abstract class AbstractQuantifierPredicate<T> implements PredicateDecorator<T>, Serializable { | |
| 30 | ||
| 31 | /** Serial version UID */ | |
| 32 | private static final long serialVersionUID = -3094696765038308799L; | |
| 33 | ||
| 34 | /** The array of predicates to call */ | |
| 35 | protected final Predicate<? super T>[] iPredicates; | |
| 36 | ||
| 37 | /** | |
| 38 | * Constructor that performs no validation. | |
| 39 | * | |
| 40 | * @param predicates the predicates to check, not cloned, not null | |
| 41 | */ | |
| 42 | public AbstractQuantifierPredicate(final Predicate<? super T>... predicates) { | |
| 43 | iPredicates = predicates; | |
| 44 | } | |
| 45 | ||
| 46 | /** | |
| 47 | * Gets the predicates. | |
| 48 | * | |
| 49 | * @return a copy of the predicates | |
| 50 | * @since 3.1 | |
| 51 | */ | |
| 52 | public Predicate<? super T>[] getPredicates() { | |
| 53 |
1
1. getPredicates : mutated return of Object value for org/apache/commons/collections4/functors/AbstractQuantifierPredicate::getPredicates to ( if (x != null) null else throw new RuntimeException ) → NO_COVERAGE |
return FunctorUtils.<T>copy(iPredicates); |
| 54 | } | |
| 55 | ||
| 56 | } | |
Mutations | ||
| 53 |
1.1 |


Grupo Aeroportuario Del Pacifico Thrives As Cross-Border Xpress Draws Californian Travelers
by Silver Coast ResearchSummary
- Cross-Border Xpress ("CBX") is a flyover that connects passengers from Tijuana International Airport to the U.S.
- Grupo Aeroportuario Del Pacifico ("GAP"), Tijuana Airport's operator, reaps the benefit of CBX's increased popularity.
- Tijuana Airport, along with other growth projects, will ensure that GAP's success story continues.
- GAP's shareholders should continue to benefit from share price appreciation and growing distributions.
Cross-Border Xpress ("CBX"), the binational bridge for passengers of the Tijuana Airport who cross the border between Mexico and the United States, has been a resounding success since its inauguration in 2015. The flyover enables Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacifico (PAC, "GAP"), Tijuana Airport's operator, to capture the demand from South California.
Tijuana's growth has turned the airport into a very profitable asset for GAP. The operator can also count on other growth projects, notably in Guadalajara and Jamaica. With such tailwinds, I expect the company to keep rewarding shareholders through dividends and share price appreciation.
Source: CBX's website
CBX Keeps Delivering For GAP's Tijuana Airport
The October passenger traffic report from Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacifico showed that CBX's growth continues unabated. Year-to-date, international passengers using the bridge have increased by 32% from prior year, with October's monthly numbers only marginally lower at 31%. As of Oct 31, more than 2.3 million passengers had used CBX year-to-date:
Source: GAP's October traffic report
The Cross Border Xpress now accounts for more than 30% of total passenger traffic at Tijuana's airport. As a result, Tijuana has been the fastest growing large airport in GAP's Mexican portfolio:
Source: GAP's October traffic report
CBX's success in attracting passengers from South California was built on several factors:
- For residents of South California, it offers easy access to the Tijuana airport, as travelers avoid the congested border crossings of San Ysidro and Otay Mesa
- Tijuana Airport offers 30 Mexican connections that are not covered by the San Diego and Los Angeles airports
As a result, an increasing number of passengers choose Tijuana to fly to the holiday destinations of Los Cabos and Puerto Vallarta, among others. GAP’s CEO Raul Revuelta mentioned this growing trend during the recent Q3 earnings call (transcript HERE):
Due to the fact that CBX is capturing a big part or really relevant in South California, one of the things that we are seeing is that really big increase in the number of seats and passengers of Tijuana to the Mexican beaches, Tijuana to Cabos, Tijuana to Vallarta, even Huatulco, La Paz, Loreto, even almost all the Mexican beaches.
In the process, passengers using that option go through two airports operated by GAP, Tijuana and the holiday destination, instead of only one if they flew out of a U.S. airport. An obvious benefit to the company, whose success in Tijuana is increasingly being reflected in the financials. As far as I know, GAP only discloses a full P&L by airport on a yearly basis, so we have to rely on the 2018 annual report to get an idea of Tijuana’s weight in the portfolio:
Source: GAP's 2018 annual report
Given the sharp increase in traffic from an already busy 2018, on the back of CBX’s popularity, I expect Tijuana to make an even higher contribution in 2019. Tijuana could conceivably challenge Los Cabos for the second place in GAP’s portfolio, after Guadalajara.
In terms of competition, there is still a lot of room for GAP to gain market share. Lindbergh Field in San Diego will undergo a redevelopment that will see it expand its number of gates from 56 to 61, from 2024. The airport, will, however, remain constrained by its single runway and its departure curfew.
Other Growth Avenues
The great thing about Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacifico is that the company has many strings to its bow. Its portfolio includes 5 of Mexico's 10 busiest airports, meaning that it is not overly dependent on one particular asset. In previous years, Guadalajara was the main growth driver. Its growth rate has decreased in 2019, but the dynamism of Tijuana keeps the ball rolling for GAP.
Source: GAP's corporate presentation
Among the CapEx projects contemplated by GAP, the construction, starting 2020, of a second runway for Guadalajara will debottleneck the airport. Following the Mexican government’s decision to cancel the New Mexico City Airport, Guadalajara is seen as a key hub by Mexican airlines, including the fast-growing low-cost carrier Volaris. Interestingly, the latter also has big plans for Tijuana:
[Mexican carriers] are constructing their main strategy outside the Mexico City airports. In the case of Volaris, it's mainly based on Tijuana and Guadalajara. And in the case of Viva Aerobus, [they have] a really important operation in Monterrey, but also we have really robust growth on Tijuana and Guadalajara. GAP’s CEO, Raul Revuelta, Q3 earnings call
Another place to look for growth is Jamaica where GAP, already the operator of Montego Bay, will now be operating the Norman Manley International Airport in Kingston, the capital city. The transaction was announced in 2018, but GAP took control very recently, on October 10th.
Q3 Financials: Solid Operating Performance
The latest quarterly results confirmed the operational strength of Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacifico. EBITDA and Income from Operations were up 13% year-on-year on a cumulative basis.
Source: GAP's corporate presentation
Share Price Volatility
The stock price has recovered after a tough 2018 for all Mexican airport operators. GAP outperformed its peer Grupo Aeroportuario del Sureste (ASR) and the broader Mexican benchmark (EWW) by a significant margin. Let us mention the strong performance of another peer, Grupo Aeroportuario del Centro Norte (OMAB).
For investors, it’s worth waiting for a favorable entry point in PAC, as emerging market volatility regularly brings buying opportunities. A look at GAP the stock's erratic performance over the last few years, in stark contrast with GAP the company’s uninterrupted EBITDA growth, shows that such opportunities are not a rarity:
Source: GAP's corporate presentation
Dividend Policy
Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacifico has a defined dividend policy, which is based on cash generation. The company will:
- Pay all excess cash above a minimum cash balance (two months of OPEX + debt service)
- Payments will be in the form of Dividends or Capital Reimbursements.
Two payments were made earlier this year:
Source: GAP's Dividend History by SeekingAlpha
A third and final dividend payment, in the region of US$2.1 per NYSE-listed share (possibly slightly higher due to the recent strengthening of the MXN) will be made on November 20. This brings the 2019 total to $5.8, offering a 5.4% yield at the current share price of $107.
Takeaway
Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacifico remains an excellent name in the infrastructure space. Its current valuation is attractive considering its growth prospects in Tijuana, where GAP reaps the benefits of Cross-Boarder Xpress, and elsewhere. For investors looking for a bigger discount, there is always the possibility that bargain prices will return in the future, should we see another bout of volatility in Mexican equities.
Disclosure: I am/we are long PAC, ASR. I wrote this article myself, and it expresses my own opinions. I am not receiving compensation for it (other than from Seeking Alpha). I have no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article.
Additional disclosure: The opinions and views expressed in this article are for information purposes only and should not be used or construed as an offer to sell, a solicitation of an offer to buy, or a recommendation to buy, sell or hold any security, investment strategy or market sector.


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Calvin Klein Watches
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Gardaí seize drugs worth €400k in Dublin
by By Digital Desk staffGardaí have seized a variety of drugs with an estimated street value of €400,000 in Co Dublin.
As part of an intelligence-led operation, a car was stopped on Balbutcher Lane yesterday afternoon at around 4pm.
Two men, aged 55 and 22, were arrested at the scene and a quantity of cannabis herb was found in the vehicle after a search.
In a follow-up search of a house in Santry, Dublin 9, cannabis herb, cocaine and diamorphine was seized.
Two men aged 35 and 21, and a 27-year-old woman who were in the house at the time of the search were arrested and taken to Ballymun and Clontarf Garda Stations.
All five people are currently detained under Section 2 of The Criminal Justice (Drugs Trafficking) Act, 1996 and investigations are ongoing.


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NAME
cli - command line interface compiler for C++
SYNOPSIS
cli [options] file
DESCRIPTION
cli
generates C++ implementation and
documentation in various formats for a command line interface
defined in the CLI language. For an input file in the form
name.cli
the following is generated. By
default or if the --generate-cxx
option is
specified, the following C++ files are generated:
name.hxx
(header file), name.ixx
(inline file, generated unless the --suppress-inline
option is specified), and name.cxx
(source file).
If the --generate-html
option is specified, then
the name.html
HTML documentation file is generated.
If the --generate-man
option is specified, then
the name.1
man page file is generated. When
--generate-html
or --generate-man
is specified, the --stdout
option can be used to
redirect the output to STDOUT instead of a file.
OPTIONS
--help
- Print usage information and exit.
--version
- Print version and exit.
--include-path
|-I
dir- Search dir for bracket-included (
<>
) options files. --output-dir
|-o
dir- Write the generated files to dir instead of the current directory.
--generate-modifier
- Generate option value modifiers in addition to accessors.
--generate-specifier
- Generate functions for determining whether the option was specified on the command line.
--generate-description
- Generate the option description list that can be examined at runtime.
--generate-file-scanner
- Generate the
argv_file_scanner
implementation. This scanner is capable of reading command line arguments from theargv
array as well as files specified with command line options. --suppress-inline
- Generate all functions non-inline. By default simple functions are made inline. This option suppresses creation of the inline file.
--ostream-type
type- Output stream type instead of the default
std::ostream
that should be used to print usage and exception information. --suppress-undocumented
- Suppress the generation of documentation entries for undocumented options.
--suppress-usage
- Suppress the generation of the usage printing code.
--long-usage
- If no short documentation string is provided, use the complete long documentation string in usage. By default, in this situation only the first sentence from the long string is used.
--option-length
len- Indent option descriptions len characters when printing usage. This is useful when you have multiple options classes, potentially in separate files, and would like their usage to have the same indentation level.
--exclude-base
- Exclude base class information from usage and documentation.
--cli-namespace
ns- Generate the CLI support types in the ns namespace
(
cli
by default). The namespace can be nested, for exampledetails::cli
. If the namespace is empty, then the support types are generated in the global namespace. --generate-cxx
- Generate C++ code. If neither
--generate-man
nor--generate-html
is specified, this mode is assumed by default. --generate-man
- Generate documentation in the man page format.
--generate-html
- Generate documentation in the HTML format.
--hxx-prologue
text- Insert text at the beginning of the generated C++ header file.
--ixx-prologue
text- Insert text at the beginning of the generated C++ inline file.
--cxx-prologue
text- Insert text at the beginning of the generated C++ source file.
--man-prologue
text- Insert text at the beginning of the generated man page file.
--html-prologue
text- Insert text at the beginning of the generated HTML file.
--hxx-epilogue
text- Insert text at the end of the generated C++ header file.
--ixx-epilogue
text- Insert text at the end of the generated C++ inline file.
--cxx-epilogue
text- Insert text at the end of the generated C++ source file.
--man-epilogue
text- Insert text at the end of the generated man page text.
--html-epilogue
text- Insert text at the end of the generated HTML text.
--hxx-prologue-file
file- Insert the content of file at the beginning of the generated C++ header file.
--ixx-prologue-file
file- Insert the content of file at the beginning of the generated C++ inline file.
--cxx-prologue-file
file- Insert the content of file at the beginning of the generated C++ source file.
--man-prologue-file
file- Insert the content of file at the beginning of the generated man page file.
--html-prologue-file
file- Insert the content of file at the beginning of the generated HTML file.
--hxx-epilogue-file
file- Insert the content of file at the end of the generated C++ header file.
--ixx-epilogue-file
file- Insert the content of file at the end of the generated C++ inline file.
--cxx-epilogue-file
file- Insert the content of file at the end of the generated C++ source file.
--man-epilogue-file
file- Insert the content of file at the end of the generated man page file.
--html-epilogue-file
file- Insert the content of file at the end of the generated HTML file.
--class
fq-name- Generate the man page or HTML documentation only for the fq-name
options class. The fq-name name should be a fully-qualified options
class name, for example,
app::options
. To generate documentation for multiple classes, repeat this option and the documentation will be produced in the order specified. This functionality is useful if you need to assemble documentation from multiple classes in a specific order or to insert custom documentation between options belonging to different classes. --stdout
- Write output to STDOUT instead of a file. This option is not valid when generating C++ code and is normally used to combine generated documentation for several option classes in a single file.
--hxx-suffix
suffix- Use suffix instead of the default
.hxx
to construct the name of the generated header file. --ixx-suffix
suffix- Use suffix instead of the default
.ixx
to construct the name of the generated inline file. --cxx-suffix
suffix- Use suffix instead of the default
.cxx
to construct the name of the generated source file. --man-suffix
suffix- Use suffix instead of the default
.1
to construct the name of the generated man page file. --html-suffix
suffix- Use suffix instead of the default
.html
to construct the name of the generated HTML file. --option-prefix
prefix- Use prefix instead of the default
-
as an option prefix. Unknown command line arguments that start with this prefix are treated as unknown options. If you set the option prefix to the empty value, then all the unknown command line arguments will be treated as program arguments. --option-separator
sep- Use sep instead of the default
--
as an optional separator between options and arguments. All the command line arguments that are parsed after this separator are treated as program arguments. Set the option separator to the empty value if you don't want this functionality. --include-with-brackets
- Use angle brackets (<>) instead of quotes ("") in the generated
#include
directives. --include-prefix
prefix- Add prefix to the generated
#include
directive paths. --guard-prefix
prefix- Add prefix to the generated header inclusion guards. The prefix is transformed to upper case and characters that are illegal in a preprocessor macro name are replaced with underscores.
--reserved-name
name=rep- Add name with an optional rep replacement to the list of names that should not be used as identifiers. If provided, the replacement name is used instead. All C++ keywords are already in this list.
--options-file
file- Read additional options from file with each option appearing on a
separate line optionally followed by space and an option value. Empty lines
and lines starting with
#
are ignored. Option values can be enclosed in double ("
) or single ('
) quotes to preserve leading and trailing whitespaces as well as to specify empty values. If the value itself contains trailing or leading quotes, enclose it with an extra pair of quotes, for example'"x"'
. Non-leading and non-trailing quotes are interpreted as being part of the option value.The semantics of providing options in a file is equivalent to providing the same set of options in the same order on the command line at the point where the
--options-file
option is specified except that the shell escaping and quoting is not required. Repeat this option to specify more than one options file.
DIAGNOSTICS
If the input file is not a valid CLI definition, cli
will issue diagnostic messages to STDERR and exit with non-zero exit
code.
BUGS
Send bug reports to the<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mailing list.


--- author: Nathaniel categories: [] date: "2014-08-15T03:30:00Z" meta: tumblr_landlaborcapital_id: "94786008237" tumblr_landlaborcapital_permalink: http://landlaborcapital.tumblr.com/post/94786008237/the-data-on-white-anxiety-over-hispanic-immigration published: true status: publish tags: - immigration - links - media - polling - visualization title: The data on white anxiety over Hispanic immigration type: post ---
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Helper class to check the operating system this Java VM runs in
object OS
Architecture of Operating System
enum class OSArchitecture
Types of Operating Systems
enum class OSType


I asked my parents if I should go bungee jumping. They said I should not.
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Actions, resources, and condition keys for AWS CodeBuild
AWS CodeBuild (service prefix:
codebuild
) provides the following service-specific resources, actions, and condition context keys for use in IAM permission policies.
References:
-
Learn how to configure this service .
-
View a list of the API operations available for this service .
-
Learn how to secure this service and its resources by using IAM permission policies.
Topics
Actions defined by AWS CodeBuild
You can specify the following actions in the
Action
element of an IAM policy statement. Use policies to grant permissions to perform an operation in AWS. When you use an action in a policy, you usually allow or deny access to the API operation or CLI command with the same name. However, in some cases, a single action controls access to more than one operation. Alternatively, some operations require several different actions.
The
Resource types
column of the Actions table indicates whether each action supports resource-level permissions. If there is no value for this column, you must specify all resources ("*") to which the policy applies in the
Resource
element of your policy statement. If the column includes a resource type, then you can specify an ARN of that type in a statement with that action. If the action has one or more required resources, the caller must have permission to use the action with those resources. Required resources are indicated in the table with an asterisk (*). If you limit resource access with the
Resource
element in an IAM policy, you must include an ARN or pattern for each required resource type. Some actions support multiple resource types. If the resource type is optional (not indicated as required), then you can choose to use one of the optional resource types.
The
Condition keys
column of the Actions table includes keys that you can specify in a policy statement's
Condition
element. For more information on the condition keys that are associated with resources for the service, see the
Condition keys
column of the Resource types table.
For details about the columns in the following table, see Actions table .
| Actions | Description | Access level | Resource types (*required) | Condition keys | Dependent actions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BatchDeleteBuilds | Grants permission to delete one or more builds | Write | |||
| BatchGetBuildBatches | Grants permission to get information about one or more build batches | Read | |||
| BatchGetBuilds | Grants permission to get information about one or more builds | Read | |||
| BatchGetProjects | Grants permission to get information about one or more build projects | Read | |||
| BatchGetReportGroups | Grants permission to return an array of ReportGroup objects that are specified by the input reportGroupArns parameter | Read | |||
| BatchGetReports | Grants permission to return an array of the Report objects specified by the input reportArns parameter | Read | |||
| BatchPutCodeCoverages [permission only] | Grants permission to add or update information about a report | Write | |||
| BatchPutTestCases [permission only] | Grants permission to add or update information about a report | Write | |||
| CreateProject | Grants permission to create a build project | Write | |||
| CreateReport [permission only] | Grants permission to create a report. A report is created when tests specified in the buildspec file for a report groups run during the build of a project | Write | |||
| CreateReportGroup | Grants permission to create a report group | Write | |||
| CreateWebhook | Grants permission to create webhook. For an existing AWS CodeBuild build project that has its source code stored in a GitHub or Bitbucket repository, enables AWS CodeBuild to start rebuilding the source code every time a code change is pushed to the repository | Write | |||
| DeleteBuildBatch | Grants permission to delete a build batch | Write | |||
| DeleteOAuthToken [permission only] | Grants permission to delete an OAuth token from a connected third-party OAuth provider. Only used in the AWS CodeBuild console | Write | |||
| DeleteProject | Grants permission to delete a build project | Write | |||
| DeleteReport | Grants permission to delete a report | Write | |||
| DeleteReportGroup | Grants permission to delete a report group | Write | |||
| DeleteResourcePolicy | Grants permission to delete a resource policy for the associated project or report group | Permissions management | |||
| DeleteSourceCredentials | Grants permission to delete a set of GitHub, GitHub Enterprise, or Bitbucket source credentials | Write | |||
| DeleteWebhook | Grants permission to delete webhook. For an existing AWS CodeBuild build project that has its source code stored in a GitHub or Bitbucket repository, stops AWS CodeBuild from rebuilding the source code every time a code change is pushed to the repository | Write | |||
| DescribeCodeCoverages | Grants permission to return an array of CodeCoverage objects | Read | |||
| DescribeTestCases | Grants permission to return an array of TestCase objects | Read | |||
| GetReportGroupTrend | Grants permission to analyze and accumulate test report values for the test reports in the specified report group | Read | |||
| GetResourcePolicy | Grants permission to return a resource policy for the specified project or report group | Read | |||
| ImportSourceCredentials | Grants permission to import the source repository credentials for an AWS CodeBuild project that has its source code stored in a GitHub, GitHub Enterprise, or Bitbucket repository | Write | |||
| InvalidateProjectCache | Grants permission to reset the cache for a project | Write | |||
| ListBuildBatches | Grants permission to get a list of build batch IDs, with each build batch ID representing a single build batch | List | |||
| ListBuildBatchesForProject | Grants permission to get a list of build batch IDs for the specified build project, with each build batch ID representing a single build batch | List | |||
| ListBuilds | Grants permission to get a list of build IDs, with each build ID representing a single build | List | |||
| ListBuildsForProject | Grants permission to get a list of build IDs for the specified build project, with each build ID representing a single build | List | |||
| ListConnectedOAuthAccounts [permission only] | Grants permission to list connected third-party OAuth providers. Only used in the AWS CodeBuild console | List | |||
| ListCuratedEnvironmentImages | Grants permission to get information about Docker images that are managed by AWS CodeBuild | List | |||
| ListProjects | Grants permission to get a list of build project names, with each build project name representing a single build project | List | |||
| ListReportGroups | Grants permission to return a list of report group ARNs. Each report group ARN represents one report group | List | |||
| ListReports | Grants permission to return a list of report ARNs. Each report ARN representing one report | List | |||
| ListReportsForReportGroup | Grants permission to return a list of report ARNs that belong to the specified report group. Each report ARN represents one report | List | |||
| ListRepositories [permission only] | Grants permission to list source code repositories from a connected third-party OAuth provider. Only used in the AWS CodeBuild console | List | |||
| ListSharedProjects | Grants permission to return a list of project ARNs that have been shared with the requester. Each project ARN represents one project | List | |||
| ListSharedReportGroups | Grants permission to return a list of report group ARNs that have been shared with the requester. Each report group ARN represents one report group | List | |||
| ListSourceCredentials | Grants permission to return a list of SourceCredentialsInfo objects | List | |||
| PersistOAuthToken [permission only] | Grants permission to save an OAuth token from a connected third-party OAuth provider. Only used in the AWS CodeBuild console | Write | |||
| PutResourcePolicy | Grants permission to create a resource policy for the associated project or report group | Permissions management | |||
| RetryBuild | Grants permission to retry a build | Write | |||
| RetryBuildBatch | Grants permission to retry a build batch | Write | |||
| StartBuild | Grants permission to start running a build | Write | |||
| StartBuildBatch | Grants permission to start running a build batch | Write | |||
| StopBuild | Grants permission to attempt to stop running a build | Write | |||
| StopBuildBatch | Grants permission to attempt to stop running a build batch | Write | |||
| UpdateProject | Grants permission to change the settings of an existing build project | Write | |||
| UpdateProjectVisibility | Grants permission to change the public visibility of a project and its builds | Write | |||
| UpdateReport [permission only] | Grants permission to update information about a report | Write | |||
| UpdateReportGroup | Grants permission to change the settings of an existing report group | Write | |||
| UpdateWebhook | Grants permission to update the webhook associated with an AWS CodeBuild build project | Write |
Resource types defined by AWS CodeBuild
The following resource types are defined by this service and can be used in the
Resource
element of IAM permission policy statements. Each action in the
Actions table
identifies the resource types that can be specified with that action. A resource type can also define which condition keys you can include in a policy. These keys are displayed in the last column of the Resource types table. For details about the columns in the following table, see
Resource types table
.
| Resource types | ARN | Condition keys |
|---|---|---|
| build |
arn:$
{
Partition}:codebuild:$
{
Region}:$
{
Account}:build/$
{
BuildId}
|
|
| build-batch |
arn:$
{
Partition}:codebuild:$
{
Region}:$
{
Account}:build-batch/$
{
BuildBatchId}
|
|
| project |
arn:$
{
Partition}:codebuild:$
{
Region}:$
{
Account}:project/$
{
ProjectName}
|
|
| report-group |
arn:$
{
Partition}:codebuild:$
{
Region}:$
{
Account}:report-group/$
{
ReportGroupName}
|
|
| report |
arn:$
{
Partition}:codebuild:$
{
Region}:$
{
Account}:report/$
{
ReportGroupName}:$
{
ReportId}
|
Condition keys for AWS CodeBuild
AWS CodeBuild defines the following condition keys that can be used in the
Condition
element of an IAM policy. You can use these keys to further refine the conditions under which the policy statement applies. For details about the columns in the following table, see
Condition keys table
.
To view the global condition keys that are available to all services, see Available global condition keys .
| Condition keys | Description | Type |
|---|---|---|
| aws:RequestTag/${TagKey} | Filters access by actions based on the presence of tag key-value pairs in the request | String |
| aws:ResourceTag/${TagKey} | Filters access by actions based on tag key-value pairs attached to the resource | String |
| aws:TagKeys | Filters access by actions based on the presence of tag keys in the request | ArrayOfString |


-
Shellshock DHCP RCE Proof of Concept -
www.trustedsec.com
DHCP bash shellshock POC: 1) Just about any DHCP string value should work for the exploit. Value 114 is URL, which is a string and should be reliable ...
-
Ok, shits real. Its in the wild... src:<IP_ADDRESS>
gist.github.com
You can clone with HTTPS or SSH .
-
Troy Hunt: Everything you need to know about the Shellshock Bash bug
www.troyhunt.com
Observations, musings and conjecture about the world of software and technology
-
Terror laws clear Senate, enabling entire Australian web to be monitored ...
www.smh.com.au
Australian spies will soon have the power to monitor the entire Australian internet with just one warrant, and journalists and whistleblowers will ...
-
The Internet Braces for the Crazy Shellshock Worm | WIRED
www.wired.com
A nasty bug in many of the world’s Linux and Unix operating systems could allow malicious hackers to create a computer worm that wreaks havoc on ...
-
Bug in Bash shell creates big security hole on anything with *nix in it ...
arstechnica.com
Could allow attackers to execute code on Linux, Unix, and Mac OS X.
-
Middle-School Dropout Codes Clever Chat Program That Foils NSA Spying | ...
www.wired.com
The best hope of shielding your metadata from the NSA was invented by a middle-school dropout in his spare time.
-
MFSA 2014-73: RSA Signature Forgery in NSS
www.mozilla.org
You are here: Security Center > Mozilla Foundation Security Advisories > MFSA 2014-73
-
The FBI Finally Says How It 'Legally' Pinpointed Silk Road's Server | WIRED
www.wired.com
The prosecuting attorneys in Ulbricht's case argue, means that no illegal spying techniques were needed to pinpoint the world's largest anonymous ...
-
Apple - Privacy
www.apple.com
At Apple, we respect your privacy and protect it with strong encryption, plus strict policies that govern how all data is handled.
-
Twitter CFO says a Facebook-style filtered feed is coming, whether you ...
gigaom.com
At a financial conference, Twitter’s chief financial officer Anthony Noto suggested that the service will offer algorithm-driven curation of feeds ...
-
KernelMode.info • View topic - Windows 8.1 UAC Bypass
www.kernelmode.info
A forum for kernel-mode exploration.
-
Apple says bent iPhones are 'rare'
www.bbc.co.uk
Apple responds to claims that its new handsets are prone to bending by saying such damage would be "rare" during normal use.
-
Miss a Payment? Good Luck Moving That Car - NYTimes.com
dealbook.nytimes.com
The thermometer showed a 103.5-degree fever, and her 10-year-old’s asthma was flaring up. Mary Bolender, who lives in Las Vegas, needed to get her ...
-
Reports of bent iPhones spread
www.bbc.co.uk
Experts are divided about whether Apple should respond to claims that its new iPhone models are prone to becoming misshapen if carried in pockets.
-
MIT Students Battle State's Demand for Their Bitcoin Miner's Source Code | ...
www.wired.com
Four MIT students behind an award-winning Bitcoin mining tool will face off against New Jersey state authorities in court today when they attempt to ...
-
Apple - Privacy - Government Information Requests
www.apple.com
Our commitment to customer privacy doesn’t stop because of a government information request.
-
Google Discussiegroepen
groups.google.com
Met Google Discussiegroepen kun je online forums en e-mailgroepen maken en eraan deelnemen. Bovendien profiteer je van uitgebreide ...
-
Malware Must Die!: Linux ELF bash 0day: The fun has only just begun...
blog.malwaremustdie.org
Semper legerent "Salve Regina" ante venatione malware
-
Hackers Are Already Using the Shellshock Bug to Launch Botnet Attacks | ...
www.wired.com
With a bug as dangerous as the "shellshock" security vulnerability discovered yesterday, it takes less than 24 hours to go from proof-of-concept to ...
-
FBI blasts Apple, Google for locking police out of phones
www.washingtonpost.com
The agency director’s criticisms echo the frustrations of law enforcement officials nationwide.
-
Bash Code Injection Vulnerability via Specially Crafted Environment ...
access.redhat.com
Red Hat has been made aware of a vulnerability affecting all versions of the bash package as shipped with Red Hat products. This vulnerability ...
-
Errata Security: Bash 'shellshock' bug is wormable
blog.erratasec.com
Advanced persistent cybersecurity
-
Why is that lamp-post watching me?
www.bbc.co.uk
Cities are filling up with sensors which in turn means a lot of data to be analysed. What does that mean for citizens and their privacy?
-
Errata Security: Bash 'shellshock' scan of the Internet
blog.erratasec.com
Advanced persistent cybersecurity


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Take the Renowned Should IB Quiz!
Can you study for extended periods of time?
Can you study for extended periods of time?
Can you study for extended periods of time?


I. Introduction
The time was 13:00 approximately a week before this report's composition. I had just woken up, well-rested, and called to get a bit of (weak) cocaine, and on the way out I discovered that the sample containing several capsules of the aforementioned dose of mephedrone (purportedly) had arrived. The package was not held in customs for an inordinate amount of time, and there was no indication that it had been opened at any point between the sender and me.
Returning about an hour later, I examined the sample. The bag smelled strongly of cocktail shrimp or some other seafood--pretty unpleasant--and the capsule exteriors became rather sticky on contact with water. I'm not sure if this was because of residual compound or because of the gelatin, but my fingers were coated with a foul residue after minimal contact. I had to use soap and warm water to get it off my hands each time after handling the capsules.
The powder itself was very tractable and seemingly not hygroscopic after six hours of sitting out at 28 degrees C. No breaking up was necessary to prepare 100mg for insufflation. It did not appreciably stick to the razor or glass, and there was no subjective change in the potency of a full capsule's content exposed for the same time. I was completely naive of this chemical before this experiment.
I decided to take notes. My handwriting is (I'm told) very neat for a guy, and one can easily see its getting progressively worse as the experienced continued because I was compelled to write faster and faster up to a certain point, after which I put zero effort into forming identifiable symbols. It's pretty funny, actually. Note that items in square brackets are my comments/corrections for clarity upon writing this report. I can remember the experience and writing these notes as vividly as anything else from the past week.
II. The Good News
T0:00 - 'Ingested one with water, empty stomach, shrimpy smell, parked 4mg piece of nicotine gum'
T0:02 - 'Facial warmth?'
T0:10 - 'Pupil check... normal'
T0:15 - 'Threshold? Something's happening. Physical effects (stomach rumbling), perception slightly changed, pupils look same, motion is ... [trails off]'
T0:16 - 'body feels light in motion, definitely coming up, excited[,] movement brings happiness, writing fast, energetic, smiling'
T0:17 - 'Woahhh!
T0:18 - 'There go pupils--I have to get up and move--do anything--euphoric--wowwwwww [trailing off the notecard and onto another] Motion feels EXCELLENT!!11 [sic; they were ones, and I remember doing this deliberately]'
T0:19 - 'Time slowed--functional impairment--trying to plug speakers in, short of breath, heart racing, everything is AWESOME [indeed.]'
T0:21 - '[Success!]  WOWWWWwww'
T0:21 - 'EYE TWITCHES NOT WIGGLES, WITH HALLUCINATION -- POPPING BUBBLES [the effect was hard to describe--imagine the visual distortion you get from staring at something that's continually moving forward, except it's constantly happening over bright and dark surfaces, particularly when you move around)]'
T0:22 - 'MUSIC EFFECTS, VOLUME IS BETTER [not sure what I meant]'
T0:23 - 'Overwhelming magic'
T0:24 - 'HOLY SHIT HAVE TO DANCE MORE VOLUME MORE BASS [Benassi Bros - Light :D]'
T0:24 - 'HADD [sic] TO WRITE, ALL CAPS EYE WIGGLES PROPEL [sic; I think I meant 'proper'--unintelligible] OEV EFFECTS [the aforementioned], RUNNING OUT OF NOTECARDS'
T0:28 - 'HAVE TO DANCE, MAKING EYES TWITCH CAUSES MORE OEV SHAKINGGG'
T0:29 - 'Effects die down with song's ending'
T0:29 - 'I feel awesome.'
T0:30 - 'WRITING EVERYTHING FEELS GOOD [quite an unswing as the next song started]'
T0:30 - 'JUST LETTING EYES TWITCH'
T0:30 - 'PUPILS BLOWN'
T0:31 - 'PEAK has ended suddenly definitely, forgot nicotine gum was in my mouth, all nicotine gone by now'
T0:31 - 'Peak ended. Visual distortion w/ my eyes--movement is intriguing w/ the cards [I was shuffling the stack of notecards around on the desk]'
T0:32 - 'Feeling great... song ends, peak seems to end [I keep going on about it, eh?]'
T0:33 - 'Breaking back under my control [I couldn't feel my breathing nor my heart's beating for some time]'
T0:33 - 'Eye wiggles [much faster than with MDMA] subsiding - feel a little normal'
T0:34 - 'New song... constantly the long [?... no idea]... just brushed my hair for 2min straight--felt awesome--felt [unintelligible, but it was definitely great]'
T0:35 - 'Writing distorted because I'm inducing eye twitches--pencil roaming [running] out of lead, I think'
T0:35 - 'Starting to sweat or maybe now I can just feel it. Everything still feels good but I am not incapacitated [my writing certainly was: total jumble, unfortunately in cursive, which I never use.]'
T0:36 - 'Body still shaking, swaying, song ends'
T0:37 - 'Spatial distortion [not unlike a strong cannabis high]'
T0:38 - 'Just swaying back and forth, regain feeling that I should be doing homework. boo. [BOOOO!]'
T0:38 - 'Eye wiggles are good still [it was hard to measure when they were actually gone, but they definitely stopped at some point]'
T0:38 - 'Maybe a hint of nausea -- still not slowed down enough to write'
T0:39 - 'Writing returns to normal [it didn't -at all-, actually]'
T0:44 - 'Reading seems easier--interested in getting on IRC or a chatbox [IRC is always good, but I've never used a website chatbox in my life]'
T0:45 - 'Heart still racing [at this point I turned on Metronomy - Heart Rate Rapid :)]'
T0:49 - 'Stopped writing for a little while to brush my hair, lol, reading discussions is very interesting [on a drug forum], and Wiki edit wars!'
T0:55 - 'Less desire to write, can definitely write better [a little], finally going to get some work done [nope]'
T0:57 - 'Still a little terrible typing, eye wiggle subsided [could it be true this time?], pupils not so huge now'
T0:58 - 'Feeling any type of feeling or type of emotion is basically awesome [mind = blown]'
T1:00 - 'Brushing my hair [unintelligible]...what--lost my train of thought [totally unintelligible, but I remember writing it]'
T1:04 - 'Feeling good, haven't read in a while, think I'll try that [writing is decent at this point]'
T1:09 - 'Had/have nicotine gum but really craving cig now [I guess I didn't remember how long I'd had it in]'
T1:10 - 'Feeling pretty okay--I left the music off for some reason'
T1:16 - 'Time for a new piece of nicotine gum'
T1:20 - 'Still feel a little iffy, arms are light'
T1:20 - 'No real negative effects so far [so far :/]'
T1:21 - 'Still brushing hair on and off when not moving or typing, but I would keep doing it if I had another arm [lol]'
T1:25 - 'Music nowhere near as pleasurable as it was'
T1:33 - 'Still brushing hair'
T1:39 - 'Still brushing hair [yep...], feeling pretty normal'
T1:44 - 'Motion still slightly enhanced'
T1:55 - 'Dropped another with water [mistake...]. Pupils still a bit big--ran out of lead in mechanical pencal (couldn't spell pencil) [I actually wrote that in at the time with no redaction]'
T2:17 - 'Feel something going on--harder to measure/gauge changes in perception obviously'
T2:19 - 'Coming back up, eye wiggles persist, want [unintelligible--writing is getting worse than it was during the first peak]'
T2:19 - 'Coming up! light euphoria, eye motion'
T2:21 - '[Handwriting is abysmal from hereon] Body and jaw trembling--no desire for cigarette anymore--watching myself [unintelligible] gives eye giggles [sic], not sure why'
T2:21 - 'but it only happens when I write and m-[absolutely unintelligible for about two lines]'
T2:23 - '[unintelligible]'
T2:24 - 'Less jaw twitching'
T2:25 - 'Feeling lots of cold'
T2:26 - 'Licking lips - tastes awesome [...]'
T2:26 - 'Had to ... [something about nicotine gum... I can't read it at all]'
T2:28 - 'Coming on really strong'
T2:30 - 'Perhaps should have redosed earlier? [perhaps]'
T2:35 - 'Not too much there =/'
T2:49 - 'Feel good but not as far off baseline'
That's where the notes end. Soon after, I insufflated the 100mg, and it was acutely painful initially; I definitely didn't want to do it again. I did not notice a very strong effect, but at this point it was hard to gauge reactions because I began redosing orally every hour until I had only one left. This stuff is extremely more-ish.
III. Drug Interactions
With Cocaine
-------
The cocaine I had, as I said, was quite heavily cut, and there wasn't an appreciable synergy between the two when I insufflated 30mg of the mixture during one of the (extremely weak) peaks of the subsequent doses--towards the end. There was perhaps an enhancement of cocaine's time-slowing effect. The mephedrone was so overpowering that I consider this a total loss of the money spent on that (albeit tiny) portion; it may have not been the case with stronger material or with a higher dose, but my nose was already quite sensitive because of the mephedrone. It never bled, though.
With Nicotine
-------
Nicotine seemed to be a bit synergistic in terms of stimulation, and I did cheat once and have a Newport before I smoked a bowl of cannabis. It was nice and buzzing for a couple of minutes, and it definitely quenched my desire for a cigarette for the rest of the night. However, this could easily be attributable to the fact that I am in the process of quitting and don't have more than one or two cigarettes a day (and Newports are heavy hitters, especially compared to painfully slow-releasing gum).
With Cannabis
-------
Mid-grade cannabis was a pleasant and much-welcomed additive at the end of the night before I went to bed, as it usually is. The spatial effects were very pronounced, and the sweating was controlled, which was nice. There was significant audio distortion with anything that wasn't music, and time was highly slowed when listening to music. Rather nice indeed.
IV. The Bad News
Acute Negative Effects (Absolute First Dose)
-------
Profound feeling of cold; profuse, shrimpy-smelling (disgusting) sweating; very light nausea; headache. Kind of like having an extremely mild fever.
Binging Effects/The Next Day
-------
I took approximately 1820mg over twelve hours.  The only effect that carried on the entire night was the bubble-like hallucinations, and I was sweating the whole time; the clothes I was in and my bed sheet had to be washed because they had that odor. Thankfully, I didn't have any trouble sleeping after I stopped taking it, nor did I dream/remember a dream (but that's typical). I strongly caution against using the extreme amount I took as an indication of safety; I am generally very healthy, but I also tend to diminish the severity of less-than-enjoyable drug experiences for various (dumb and immature) reasons.
Of course, I had to take the last capsule. Re-dosing the next evening on an empty stomach (I had eaten hours earlier) and on only a few hours of sleep led to an experience similar to the first time, but there was no bubbling, definitely more nausea, and it subsided very quickly. Just as well, because by the peak I wanted it to end. I chewed a vitamin pill in the hope that it would change something, but no. Afterwards, I didn't feel good at all.
The nausea rose as the drug subsided, and eventually I threw up multiple times--to the point where a foamy mix of protein and acid was coming out. Each time I knew I was going to throw up again, but it was painfully slow to come.  My senses were also uncomfortably heightened, and my balance was very off. It was not unlike having a deep sinus infection: in short, awful. I should have thrown the last capsule away, but I wanted to see how my body would react. Stupid.
Of course, I may not have had such a bad reaction if I hadn't binged the night before, but I can't say that for certain; it doesn't work like that with the friendly chemicals I usually partake of, even if I do it heavily, but I had a similar experience with my first two (and only two) recreational doses of DXM. I did not insufflate any more of the cocaine that day before or after, and I felt that cannabis would make coming down worse in that case, though I had smoked a bowl hours earlier after eating. The next day, I felt fine for the most part. I was quite irritable for most of the morning, and I was totally aware of it yet couldn't keep myself from snapping. Bleh. There was also still some effect on my balance.
V. Retrospective/Summary
The first dose was pleasurable, but overall I regret buying such a large quantity. If there was magic here, I certainly lost it over the course of a couple of days. Worryingly, it was much more acutely psychologically addicting than MDMA/MDMA adulterated with methamphetamine, Bk-MBDB and the various piperazine combinations I've had (though I will certainly place my satisfaction with this above that of those nasty pipes or of Bk-MBDB!). Hell, I felt more like doing this the next day than I felt like getting to my cocaine, and that's even after having a bad experience. This propensity for addiction has been echoed across the internet. Fortunately, it doesn't seem to be anywhere near as physically addictive as methamphetamine.
As of a week after the experience, I'm not interested at all in getting more (past the background desire of my generally addictive personality, but even that's weak towards this stuff), and I can't notice any withdrawal symptoms. In fact, reflecting on some of the things I've written made my stomach churn.
Lastly, there is apparently VERY, VERY little information available about this particular research chemical. Scouring the internet returned almost no real scientific information about it. This is precisely reason I took the hours to write this report, so please keep what I've said in mind.
PLUR
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


sample_theta
R/bayesian_inference_functions.R
summarize_bayesian_inference.Rd
sample_theta
calls Stan to do Bayesian inference by
generating a sample of parameters from the posterior of theta (or th
).
sample_theta
analyzes the result of that inference. Notably,
it calculates the quantiles of the density function and the growth rate.
summarize_bayesian_inference( bayesian_soln, rc_meas, density_model, calib_df, dtau = 5, th_sim = NA, lev = 0.025, rate_prop = NA, do_sample_summaries = T )
| bayesian_soln | The solution, a list-like object of class bd_bayesian_soln (see sample_theta). |
|---|---|
| rc_meas | The radiocarbon measurements (see import_rc_data). |
| density_model | The density model (see set_density_model). |
| calib_df | The calibration data frame (see load_calib_curve). |
| dtau | The spacing of the sampling grid (default: 5). |
| th_sim | The known parameters used to create simulation data (default: NA, not provided). |
| lev | The level to use for the quantile bands (default: 0.025). |
| rate_prop | The cumulative density needed to define rate growth bands (default: NA, not used). |
| do_sample_summaries | Whether to calculate some summary information for each sampled curve (Default: TRUE). |
A list with information on the quantiles of the density function and growth rate (and sample summaries)
bayesian_soln
is the result of a call to
sample_theta
. It contains posterior samples for the density
model. The primary thing summarize_bayesian_inference
does is
calculate quantiles of both the parameterized density and growth rate. For
example, for a calendar date tau_g each sample yields a density and growth
rate. The quantile is the value of the density or growth rate such that a
given proportion of samples are smaller than that value. The probabilities
used to calculate these quantiles are probs = c(lev, 0.5, 1-lev)
, where
lev
is the level (0.025 by default, so that 95% of the observations lie
between the first and last quantile bands).
In addition, summarize_bayesian_inference
identifies calendar dates
for which the growth rate quantiles defined by lev
and 1 - lev
do not
contain zero. This indicates significant positive or negative growth for the
density curve. The output vector growth_state
codes calendar dates by
growth state as 'negative', 'zero', and 'positive'. For the Gaussian mixture
parameterization of the density, the rate is not typically meaningful near
the calendar date boundaries where it increases linearly as the calendar date
goes to positive or negative infinity. The parameter rate_prop
provides
control on how calendar dates are classified by growth rate near these
boundaries. In particular, the calendar dates with a cumulative density (50%
quantile) below rate_prop
(for the lower boundary) or above 1 - rate_prop
(for the upper boundary) are classified as 'missing' in growth_state
. By
default, rate_prop
is NA and no calendar dates are classified as missing.
By default, a summary is done for each sample by calling summarize_sample. This is not done if do_summary is FALSE.
import_rc_data()
for the format of rc_meas
set_density_model()
for the format of density_model
load_calib_curve()
for the format of calib_df


{% if serviceName %} {{ serviceName }} {% endif %}
You may be able to get help with the cost of visiting a close relative or partner in prison if you’re aged over 18, are on certain benefits or have a low income.
Eligibility
Relationship
You may be eligible if you are the prisoner’s:
- Close relative
- Partner
- Sole visitor
- Escort to a qualifying child or young person
- Escort to a qualifying adult
Income/Benefits
You may be eligible if you have a relationship with the prisoner (as defined above), and if you (or someone on your behalf) hold a Health Certificate (2 or 3), or are in receipt of one of the following benefits:
- Income Support
- Income-based Jobseeker’s Allowance
- Employment and Support Allowance
- Universal Credit (and you earn less than £6,000 a year)
- Tax credits
- Pension Credit
Check your eligibility for assisted prison visits before you apply.
You might not need to answer all the questions, depending on your circumstances.
Before you start
You’ll need to have:
- Your National Insurance number
- Prison number of the prison where the prisoner related to you is held
- A valid award notice (if claiming Universal credit, child tax credit, pension credit or health certificate)
- Proof of parentage - eg Long birth certificate (if acting as an escort for the prisoner's child)
- Letter from the doctor (if acting as a medical escort for another adult who qualifies for assistance)
You might also have to give details about ....
Other ways to apply
You can apply by filling in a paper form instead.
You will need to complete the paper form and send it to the address on the form to get help with travel costs.


new TweenPath()
Members
-
dirtyboolean
-
Used to detect if the graphics object has changed.
If this is set to true then the graphics object will be recalculated. -
readonlylengthnumber
-
The number of points along the path
-
polygonPIXI.Polygon
-
PIXI object to use as the path
Methods
-
arc(cx, cy, radius, startAngle, endAngle, anticlockwise){PIXI.tween.TweenPath}
-
The arc method creates an arc/curve (used to create circles, or parts of circles).
Name Type Default Description cx
number The x-coordinate of the center of the circle
cy
number The y-coordinate of the center of the circle
radius
number The radius of the circle
startAngle
number The starting angle, in radians (0 is at the 3 o'clock position
of the arc's circle)endAngle
number The ending angle, in radians
anticlockwise
boolean false optional Specifies whether the drawing should be
counter-clockwise or clockwise. False is default, and indicates clockwise, while true
indicates counter-clockwise.Returns:
Type Description PIXI.tween.TweenPath - This instance of TweenPath
-
arcTo(x1, y1, x2, y2, radius){PIXI.tween.TweenPath}
-
The arcTo() method creates an arc/curve between two tangents on the canvas.
"borrowed" from https://code.google.com/p/fxcanvas/ - thanks google!
Name Type Description x1
number The x-coordinate of the beginning of the arc
y1
number The y-coordinate of the beginning of the arc
x2
number The x-coordinate of the end of the arc
y2
number The y-coordinate of the end of the arc
radius
number The radius of the arc
Returns:
Type Description PIXI.tween.TweenPath - This instance of TweenPath
-
bezierCurveTo(cpX, cpY, cpX2, cpY2, toX, toY){PIXI.tween.TweenPath}
-
Calculate the points for a bezier curve and then draws it.
Name Type Description cpX
number Control point x
cpY
number Control point y
cpX2
number Second Control point x
cpY2
number Second Control point y
toX
number Destination point x
toY
number Destination point y
Returns:
Type Description PIXI.tween.TweenPath - This instance of TweenPath
-
clear(){PIXI.tween.TweenPath}
-
Clear the path
Returns:
Type Description PIXI.tween.TweenPath - This instance of TweenPath
-
distanceBetween(num1, num2){number}
-
Finds the distance between two points
Name Type Description num1
number First point
num2
number Second point
Returns:
Type Description number - Distance in pixels
-
drawCircle(x, y, radius){PIXI.tween.TweenPath}
-
Draws a circle.
Name Type Description x
number The X coordinate of the center of the circle
y
number The Y coordinate of the center of the circle
radius
number The radius of the circle
Returns:
Type Description PIXI.tween.TweenPath - This instance of TweenPath
-
drawEllipse(x, y, width, height){PIXI.tween.TweenPath}
-
Draws an ellipse.
Name Type Description x
number The X coordinate of the center of the ellipse
y
number The Y coordinate of the center of the ellipse
width
number The half width of the ellipse
height
number The half height of the ellipse
Returns:
Type Description PIXI.tween.TweenPath - This instance of TweenPath
-
drawPolygon(path){PIXI.tween.TweenPath}
-
Draws a polygon using the given path.
Name Type Description path
Array.<number> | Array.<PIXI.Point> | PIXI.Polygon The path data used to construct the polygon.
Returns:
Type Description PIXI.tween.TweenPath - This instance of TweenPath
-
drawRect(x, y, width, height){PIXI.tween.TweenPath}
-
Draws a rectangle shape.
Name Type Description x
number The X coord of the top-left of the rectangle
y
number The Y coord of the top-left of the rectangle
width
number The width of the rectangle
height
number The height of the rectangle
Returns:
Type Description PIXI.tween.TweenPath - This instance of TweenPath
-
drawRoundedRect(x, y, width, height, radius){PIXI.tween.TweenPath}
-
Draw a rectangle shape with rounded/beveled corners.
Name Type Description x
number The X coord of the top-left of the rectangle
y
number The Y coord of the top-left of the rectangle
width
number The width of the rectangle
height
number The height of the rectangle
radius
number Radius of the rectangle corners
Returns:
Type Description PIXI.tween.TweenPath - This instance of TweenPath
-
drawShape(shape){PIXI.tween.TweenPath}
-
Draws the given shape to this TweenPath object. Can be any of Circle, Rectangle, Ellipse, Line or Polygon.
Name Type Description shape
PIXI.Circle | PIXI.Ellipse | PIXI.Polygon | PIXI.Rectangle | PIXI.RoundedRectangle Shape to draw
Returns:
Type Description PIXI.tween.TweenPath - This instance of TweenPath
-
drawStar(x, y, points, radius, innerRadius, rotation){PIXI.tween.TweenPath}
-
Draw a star shape with an arbitrary number of points.
Name Type Default Description x
number Center X position of the star
y
number Center Y position of the star
points
number The number of points of the star, must be > 1
radius
number The outer radius of the star
innerRadius
number optional The inner radius between points, default half
radius
rotation
number 0 optional The rotation of the star in radians, where 0 is vertical
Returns:
Type Description PIXI.tween.TweenPath - This instance of TweenPath
-
getPoint(num){PIXI.Point}
-
Finds the nth point along the path
Name Type Description num
number Point
Returns:
Type Description PIXI.Point - Point co-ordinates
-
getPointAt(num){PIXI.Point}
-
Finds the nth point along the path
Name Type Description num
number Point
Returns:
Type Description PIXI.Point - Point co-ordinates
-
getPointAtDistance(distance){PIXI.Point}
-
Finds the nearest point for the distance to be travelled
Name Type Description distance
number how far to travel
Returns:
Type Description PIXI.Point - Point co-ordinates
-
lineTo(x, y){PIXI.tween.TweenPath}
-
Draws a line using the current line style from the current drawing position to (x, y);
The current drawing position is then set to (x, y).Name Type Description x
number the X coordinate to draw to
y
number the Y coordinate to draw to
Returns:
Type Description PIXI.tween.TweenPath - This instance of TweenPath
-
moveTo(x, y){PIXI.tween.TweenPath}
-
Moves the current drawing position to x, y.
Name Type Description x
number the X coordinate to move to
y
number the Y coordinate to move to
Returns:
Type Description PIXI.tween.TweenPath - This instance of TweenPath
-
parsePoints(){PIXI.tween.TweenPath}
-
Parse the list of points from the path
Returns:
Type Description PIXI.tween.TweenPath - This instance of TweenPath
-
quadraticCurveTo(cpX, cpY, toX, toY){PIXI.tween.TweenPath}
-
Calculate the points for a quadratic bezier curve and then draws it.
Based on: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/785097/how-do-i-implement-a-bezier-curve-in-cName Type Description cpX
number Control point x
cpY
number Control point y
toX
number Destination point x
toY
number Destination point y
Returns:
Type Description PIXI.tween.TweenPath - This instance of TweenPath
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totalDistance(){number}
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Calculates the total distance along the entire path
Returns:
Type Description number - Distance in pixels