XC software
XC is a Free Open Source Finite Element program, aimed directly at civil structural engineering. The program can solve various types of problems, from simple linear analysis to complex nonlinear simulations. It has a library of finite elements which can be used to modeling various geometries and multiple materials for use in various areas of structural analysis.
The purpose (mission) is to develop a robust structural analysis tool, which is owned by the community, and allows the users to improve and adapt it for their own needs. It's all about developing tools that allow us to keep going forward (much in the sense of designing for strength, economy and beauty) instead of repeating the same old solutions but in a faster way.
How?... allowing to merge the code with other software libraries: machine learning, neural networks, 3D modeling, material libraries, computation fluid dynamics,...
The program is based on Python ( script language), Opensees (analysis kernel), CGAL (computational geometry), VTK and matplotlib (for the graphics stuff) and LaTeX for text output.


The NPU campus is situated in a high-technology business area in Fremont, in the midst of numerous corporations and information technology companies. The campus buildings house the classrooms and meeting rooms; administrative and faculty offices; the library and reading rooms; several electronics, communications, database, and simulation laboratories; as well as other student facilities
47671 Westinghouse Drive
Fremont, CA
94539


Hi my name is Dhairya Ostwal(@dhairyaostwal). It's been quite
sometime I started working on this project. Wanting to combine the evergrowing world of finance with something
useful and accessible lead me to build finCLI.
Several challenges in this project have grown me into a better person and I'm happy to continue it forward.
As it says bringing Finance Updates on your Command Line Interface. Hence the name finCLI!
Get all the updates on BTC, Ethereum, DogeCoin, SENSEX, NIFTY, General Finance News - India & World via your CLI.
Initially we planned to use Currents API which does have a
More on API Usage? Explore the docs


There is no substitute for a short demonstration program. This java archive (jar file) contains ready-to-run programs that show how to use the Open Source Physics Code library. The Open Source Physics: A Users Guide with Examples by W. Christian (Addison-Wesley 2007) provides a description of these programs and the entire Open Source Physics (OSP) project.
Double-clicking on a leaf-node in the Launcher's left-hand "tree" to run a program. Source code is available on the OSP CD.
Examples for Chapters 15 through 18 are available in other Launcher packages or from the OSP website:
http://www.opensourcephysics.org.
The Open Source Physics code library and programs in Open Source Physics: A Users Guide with Examples are being distributed by the Open Source Physics project under the GNU General Public License. A copy of this License is included on the OSP CD. If this CD is not available, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston MA 02111-1307 USA or view the license online at http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html.


--- layout: post title: "LINQ versus the LSP" description: "This post examines the conflict between Iterators, LINQ, and the Liskov Substitution Principle." date: 2013-07-20 21:00 UTC tags: [Software Design] --- {% include JB/setup %}
{{ page.description }}
As a reaction to my my previous post on Defensive Coding, one of my readers sent me this question:
"[One] very prominent scenario of defensive coding is used when the input argument is IEnumerable<T>
public class Publisher { public Publisher(IEnumerable<Subscriber> subscribers) { // defensive copy -> good or bad? this.subscribers = subscribers.ToArray(); } // … }"You could argue: when the intention is to use IEnumerable<T>, the receiver shall not to believe this sequence is immutable. You could indicate an immutable sequence with ICollection for instance. In the example above, the caller might add a new subscriber silently to its own list and have it automatically injected into the 'publisher' (maybe that's the intention from the perspective of the caller). However, a defensive copy breaks this behavior because the injected sequence is now no longer under control of the caller. This shows how simple an implementation detail can change the behavior on the client.
"The reason you often see code like this is because we like immutable objects and second because of the unknown performance impact of IEnumerable. Once you take a copy of the input you can predict the performance of your class otherwise you can't.
"I tend to say it's 'bad' to take defensive copy (after reading many of your blog posts), but would be happy to hear your opinion on that."
This question warrants an in-depth answer.
IEnumerable<T> is one of the most misunderstood interfaces in .NET. It carries very few guarantees, and many method calls on it may actually break the Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP). ToArray is one of them, because it assumes that the sequence produced by the Iterator is finite, which it may not be. Thus, if you invoke ToArray on an infinite Iterator, you will eventually get an exception.
It doesn't really matter whether you call ToArray in the constructor, or in the class method(s) where you use the injected IEnumerable<T>. However, from a Fail First perspective, and in order to protect the class' invariant, if the class requires the sequence to be finite, you could argue that you should invoke ToArray (or ToList) in the constructor. However, this breaks Nikola Malovic's 4th law of IoC: constructors should do no work. This should make you stop and ponder: if you require an array, you should state that requirement up front:
public class Publisher { public Publisher(Subscriber[] subscribers) { this.subscribers = subscribers; } // … }
Notice that instead of requesting IEnumerable<T>, this version requests an array and simply assigns the array to a private field.
However, the problem is that an array isn't quite the same as an Iterator; the most profound difference is that the Publisher class is actually able to mutate the array by replacing elements within the array. This could be a problem if the array is shared with other clients.
Another problem is that if the Publisher doesn't need the ability to mutate the array, it now breaks the Robustness Principle, because a finite Iterator would have been good enough for its needs, but still, it puts an unwarranted demand on its clients.
Asking for ICollection<T>, as my reader suggests, is an even greater violation of the Robustness Principle, because that interface adds seven new methods on top of IEnumerable<T> - three of which are only about mutation. The rest of the methods have been made redundant by LINQ.
In a previous post, I've talked about the conflict between IQueryable and the LSP, but even constraining the discussion to LINQ to Objects, it turns out that LINQ has lots of built-in LSP violations.
Recall the essence of the LSP: you should be able to pass any implementation of an interface to a client without changing the correctness of the system. While 'correctness' is application-specific, the lowest common denominator must be that if a method works for one implementation, it mustn't throw exceptions for another implementation. However, consider these two implementations of IEnumerable<string>:
new[] { "foo", "bar", "baz" };
and this one:
public class InfiniteStrings : IEnumerable<string> { public IEnumerator<string> GetEnumerator() { while (true) yield return "foo"; } System.Collections.IEnumerator System.Collections.IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() { return this.GetEnumerator(); } }
As I've already discussed, invoking ToArray (or ToList) on these two implementations changes the correctness of the system, because the second implementation (the infinite Iterator) will cause an exception to be thrown. In fact, as far as I can tell, the only LSP-compliant LINQ methods are:
This actually demonstrates a need for a 'Finite Iterator' interface, and I have to admit that, before researching for this article, I'd never heard about IReadOnlyCollection<T>, but there it is; it's seems to be a new interface in .NET 4.5. I think I'll begin to use this interface some more!
The bottom line is that defensive copying of IEnumerable<T> into arrays should be avoided. If you can get by with the LSP-compliant subset of LINQ, then all is good (but consider writing a couple of unit tests that involve infinite Iterators). If you require a finite sequence and you're on .NET 4.5, require IReadOnlyCollection<T> as an argument instead of IEnumerable<T>. If you require a finite sequence and you're not on .NET 4.5, ask for an array as an argument (and consider adding some unit tests that verify that your implementation doesn't mutate the array).


Built-in functions
Built-in functions:
-
get_dir_entries
(
filePath
):
Returns a table with all the files in a given directory
-
mkdir
(
filepath, [mode]
):
Creates a directory and sets mode to optional mode parameter.
-
mkrdir
(
filepath, [mode]
):
Creates a directory recursively and sets mode to optional mode parameter.
-
rmdir
(
filepath
):
Removes a directory from the file system.
-
stat
(
filename,
[whatToGet]
):
Runs stat() on a file, and returns a table with file information.
-
touch
(
filename, [mtime]
):
Touches a file, creating it if it doesn't exist. if mtime is specified, the modified time value of the file will be set to this.
-
base64_decode
(
encodedData
):
Decodes Base 64 encoded data.
-
base64_encode
(
contents
):
Encodes a string using Base 64 encoding.
-
date_parse_rfc
(
dateTime
):
Parses a date/time string and returns seconds since epoch.
-
escape
(
URL
):
URL-escapes a string.
-
escape_logitem
(
data
):
Escapes a string, so that it is safe for use in httpd log files.
-
htpassword
(
password, algorithm, [cost]
):
Creates a password hash from a string
-
md5
(
data
):
Generates an MD5 digest sum from a string of data. This function is binary safe.
-
sha1
(
data
):
Generates a SHA1 digest sum from a string of data. This function is binary safe.
-
unescape
(
URL
):
Unescapes a string or a URL
-
clock
(
):
Returns the current time as seconds since the UNIX epoc with microsecond precision.
-
usleep
(
mseconds
):
Puts the program to sleep for a specific number of microseconds.
-
expr
(
eval
):
Evaluates an expr string.
-
regex
(
string, pattern, [flags]
):
Runs a regular expression match on a string, returning captures if matched
-
strcmp_match
(
string, pattern
):
Checks if 'string' matches 'pattern' using strcmp_match (globs), for instance, whether 'www.example.com' matches '*.example.com'
-
parseargs
(
):
Parses the GET data from a request and returns it as two tables (one for standard key/value pairs, one for multi-values).
-
parsebody
(
[sizeLimit]
):
Parses POST data from the client and returns keys/values.
-
requestbody
(
[filename]
):
Reads and returns the request body of a request. If filename is specified, it instead saves the contents to that file.
-
flush
(
):
flushes the output buffer.
-
getcookie
(
key
):
Fetches a HTTP Cookie. Returns nothing if the cookie was not found.
-
puts
(
data
):
Sends one or more variables to the response body.
-
send_interim_response
(
clear
):
Sends an interim (1xx) response to the client.
-
sendfile
(
filepath
):
Sends an entire file to the client, using sendfile if supported by the current platform.
-
set_keepalive
(
):
Sets the keepalive status for a request.
-
setcookie
(
options
):
Sets a HTTP cookie.
-
write
(
data
):
Writes a single string to the response body.
-
add_input_filter
(
filterName
):
Adds a filter to the input stream.
-
addoutputfilter
(
filterName
):
Adds a filter to the output stream
-
custom_response
(
statusCode, statusPage
):
Sets the output of a specific status code to a page or a string.
-
set_document_root
(
filepath
):
Sets the document root for the current request.
-
exists_config_define
(
definition
):
Checks whether a configuration definition exists or not.
-
loaded_modules
(
):
Returns a list of modules loaded by httpd.
-
module_info
(
moduleName
):
Queries the server for information about a module
-
mpm_query
(
question
):
Queries the server for MPM information using ap_mpm_query
-
scoreboard_process
(
PN
):
Queries the server for information about the process at position PN
-
scoreboard_worker
(
PN, TN
):
Queries for information about the worker thread, TN, in process PN
-
server_info
(
):
Returns a table containing server information, such as the name of the httpd executable file, mpm used etc.
-
state_query
(
queryCode
):
Queries the server for state information
-
dbacquire
(
driver, [connectionString]
):
Acquires a connection to a database and returns a database class. See Database API for details.
-
ivm_get
(
key
):
Fetches a global VM-independent variable set by ivm_set.
-
ivm_set
(
key, value
):
Set an Inter-VM variable to hold a specific value.
-
alert
(
logmessage
):
Logs an alert message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
-
crit
(
logmessage
):
Logs a critical message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
-
debug
(
logmessage
):
Logs a debug message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
-
emerg
(
logmessage
):
Logs a emergency message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
-
emerg
(
logmessage
):
Logs a emergency message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
-
err
(
logmessage
):
Logs a error message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
-
info
(
logmessage
):
Logs an informational message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
-
notice
(
logmessage
):
Logs a notice in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
-
trace1
(
logmessage
):
Logs a trace1 debug message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
-
trace2
(
logmessage
):
Logs a trace2 debug message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
-
trace3
(
logmessage
):
Logs a trace3 debug message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
-
trace4
(
logmessage
):
Logs a trace4 debug message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
-
trace5
(
logmessage
):
Logs a trace5 debug message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
-
trace6
(
logmessage
):
Logs a trace6 debug message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
-
trace7
(
logmessage
):
Logs a trace7 debug message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
-
trace8
(
logmessage
):
Logs a trace8 debug message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
-
warn
(
logmessage
):
Logs a warning message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
-
wsclose
(
):
Closes a WebSocket connection and unregisters the request with httpd.
-
wsping
(
):
Pings a client.
-
wsread
(
):
Reads a frame from a WebSocket client
-
wsupgrade
(
):
Attempts to upgrade a HTTP connection to a WebSocket connection.
-
wswrite
(
line
):
Sends a WebSocket frame to a client.
Filesystem functions:
Back to top
get_dir_entries(
string filePath
)
Returns a table with all the files in a given directory
Arguments:
filePath
The directory to get the contents of
Return value(s):
A table with all the filenames contained with in the given directory.
Example:
function handle(r)
local dir = r.context_document_root
for _, f in pairs(r:get_direntries(dir)) do
local info = r:stat(dir .. "/" .. f)
if info then
local mtime = os.date(fmt, info.mtime / 1000000)
local ftype = (info.filetype == 2) and "[dir] " or "[file]"
r:puts( ("s s %10i s\n"):format(ftype, mtime, info.size, f) )
end
end
end
Back to top
mkdir(
string filepath, integer [mode]
)
Creates a directory and sets mode to optional mode parameter.
Arguments:
filepath
The directory to create
[mode]
Optional file mode for the new directory
Return value(s):
true if the directory was created, false otherwise.
Example:
local path = "/var/www/foo"
if r:mkdir(path) then
r:puts("Successfully created /var/www/foo!")
else
r:puts("Could not create directory - perhaps it already exists?")
end
Back to top
mkrdir(
string filepath, integer [mode]
)
Creates a directory recursively and sets mode to optional mode parameter.
Arguments:
filepath
The directory to create
[mode]
Optional file mode for the new directory
Return value(s):
true if the directory was created, false otherwise.
Example:
local path = "/var/www/foo/baz"
if r:mkrdir(path) then
r:puts("Successfully created /var/www/foo!")
else
r:puts("Could not create directory - perhaps it already exists?")
end
Back to top
rmdir(
string filepath
)
Removes a directory from the file system.
Arguments:
filepath
The directory to remove
Return value(s):
true if the operation succeeded, false otherwise.
Example:
local badDir = "/var/www/foo"
if r:rmdir(badDir) then
r:puts("Removed the directory!")
else
r:puts("Could not remove the directory - it either doesn't exist or we don't have permission to do so")
end
Back to top
stat(
string filename,
number whatToGet
)
Runs stat() on a file, and returns a table with file information.
Arguments:
filename
The file to stat
[whatToGet]
Flags to pass to stat (optional). This needs to be 7582064 (0x0073b170) in order to fetch all values from the file.
Return value(s):
A table containing information such as when the file was created, last modified, its size, mode etc.
The keys in the table returned are: mtime
, atime
, ctime
,
size
, filetype
, protection
Example:
local info = r:stat("/var/www/foo.txt")
if info then
r:puts("This file exists and was last modified at: " .. info.mtime)
end
Back to top
touch(
string filename, number [mtime]
)
Touches a file, creating it if it doesn't exist. if mtime is specified, the modified time value of the file will be set to this.
Arguments:
filename
The file to touch
[mtime]
Optional mtime msec value to set
Return value(s):
true if the operation succeeded, false otherwise.
Example:
r:touch("/foo/bar.txt") -- Touch /foo/bar.txt, either creating it or modifying the mtime value.
Encoding/decoding functions:
Back to top
base64_decode(
string encodedData
)
Decodes Base 64 encoded data.
Arguments:
encodedData
The encoded data to decode
Return value(s):
The Base 64 decoded data
Example:
local decoded = r:base64_decode("VGhpcyBpcyBhIHRlc3Q=") -- returns 'This is a test'
Back to top
base64_encode(
string contents
)
Encodes a string using Base 64 encoding.
Arguments:
contents
The string to encode
Return value(s):
The Base 64 encoded string.
Example:
local encoded = r:base64_encode("This is a test") -- returns VGhpcyBpcyBhIHRlc3Q=
Back to top
date_parse_rfc(
string dateTime
)
Parses a date/time string and returns seconds since epoch.
Arguments:
dateTime
The date string to parse
Return value(s):
The parsed time since the UNIX epoch in seconds.
Back to top
escape(
string URL
)
URL-escapes a string.
Arguments:
URL
The string or URL to escape
Return value(s):
The URL-escaped version of the string.
Example:
local url = "http://foo.bar/1 2 3 & 4 + 5"
local escaped = r:escape(url) -- returns 'http%3a%2f%2ffoo.bar%2f1+2+3+%26+4+%2b+5'
Back to top
escape_logitem(
string data
)
Escapes a string, so that it is safe for use in httpd log files.
Arguments:
data
The string/data to escape
Return value(s):
The escaped string
Example:
local str = r:escape_logitem([[This is a "test" & stuff.]]) -- escape the string
r:debug(str) -- log the string
Back to top
htpassword(
string password, number algorithm, number [cost]
)
Creates a password hash from a string
Arguments:
password
The password to convert to htpasswd format
algorithm
The hashing algorithm to use (0 = APMD5 (default), 1 = SHA, 2 = BCRYPT, 3 = CRYPT)
[cost]
The cost of the hashing - only valid with BCRYPT algorithm (default = 5)
Example:
local htpwd = r:htpassword("Foo bar", 2, 100) -- Create a BCRYPT hash with a lot of cycles.
Back to top
md5(
string data
)
Generates an MD5 digest sum from a string of data. This function is binary safe.
Arguments:
data
The data to generate the digest sum from
Return value(s):
The MD5 digest sum of the data
Example:
local hash = r:md5("This is a test") -- returns ce114e4501d2f4e2dcea3e17b546f339
Back to top
sha1(
string data
)
Generates a SHA1 digest sum from a string of data. This function is binary safe.
Arguments:
data
The data to generate the digest sum from
Return value(s):
The SHA1 digest sum of the data
Example:
local hash = r:sha1("This is a test") -- returns a54d88e06612d820bc3be72877c74f257b561b19
Back to top
unescape(
string URL
)
Unescapes a string or a URL
Arguments:
URL
The string or URL to unescape
Return value(s):
The unescaped version of the string.
Example:
local url = "http%3a%2f%2ffoo.bar%2f1+2+3+%26+4+%2b+5"
local unescaped = r:unescape(url) -- returns 'http://foo.bar/1 2 3 & 4 + 5'
System functions:
Back to top
clock(
)
Returns the current time as seconds since the UNIX epoc with microsecond precision.
Arguments:
None
Return value(s):
The current time with microsecond precision.
Example:
local now = r:clock() -- for example; 123456789.987143
Back to top
usleep(
number mseconds
)
Puts the program to sleep for a specific number of microseconds.
Arguments:
mseconds
The number of microseconds to sleep
Example:
while we_have_stuff_to_send do
r:puts("Bla bla bla\n") -- print something to client
r:flush() -- flush the buffer (send to client)
r.usleep(500000) -- fake processing time for 0.5 sec. and repeat
end
Expression parsing:
Back to top
expr(
string eval
)
Evaluates an expr string.
Arguments:
eval
The string to evaluate
Return value(s):
true if the string evaluates to true, false otherwise.
Example:
if r:expr("%{HTTP_HOST} =~ /^www/") then
r:puts("This host name starts with www")
end
Back to top
regex(
string string, string pattern, number [flags]
)
Runs a regular expression match on a string, returning captures if matched
Arguments:
string
The string to evaluate
pattern
The pattern to search for
[flags]
Regex flags - can be a bitwise combination of: 0x01 (Ignore case), 0x02 (Multiline search)
Return value(s):
If the pattern matches, a table containing the matches ($0 through $25) will be returned, otherwise returns nil.
Example:
local matches = r:regex("foo bar baz", [[foo (\w+) (\S*)]])
if matches then
r:puts("The regex matched, and the last word captured ($2) was: " .. matches[2])
end
-- Example ignoring case sensitivity:
local matches = r:regex("FOO bar BAz", [[(foo) bar]], 1)
Back to top
strcmp_match(
string string, string pattern
)
Checks if 'string' matches 'pattern' using strcmp_match (globs), for instance, whether 'www.example.com' matches '*.example.com'
Arguments:
string
The string to match against
pattern
The pattern to look for
Return value(s):
true if they match, false otherwise.
Example:
local match = r.strcmp_match("foobar.com", "foo*.com")
if match then
r:puts("foobar.com matches foo*.com")
end
Request parsing functions:
Back to top
parseargs(
)
Parses the GET data from a request and returns it as two tables (one for standard key/value pairs, one for multi-values).
Arguments:
None
Return value(s):
two tables; one standard key/value table for regular GET data, and one for multi-value data (fx. foo=1&foo=2&foo=3)
Example:
local GET, GETMULTI = r:parseargs()
r:puts("Your name is: " .. GET['name'] or "Unknown")
Back to top
parsebody(
number [sizeLimit]
)
Parses POST data from the client and returns keys/values.
Arguments:
[sizeLimit]
The maximum amount of bytes to parse. If the request body is larger than this, it will be ignored
Return value(s):
Two tables, just like parseargs; One for common key/value pairs, and one for multi-value pairs.
Example:
local POST, POSTMULTI = r:parsebody(1024*1024)
r:puts("Your name is: " .. POST['name'] or "Unknown")
Back to top
requestbody(
string [filename]
)
Reads and returns the request body of a request. If filename is specified, it instead saves the contents to that file.
Arguments:
[filename]
Optional filename to store the contents of the request body in
Example:
local input = r:requestbody()
r:puts("You sent the following request body to me:\n")
r:puts(input)
Request response functions:
Back to top
flush(
)
flushes the output buffer.
Arguments:
None
Return value(s):
true if the flush was successful, false otherwise.
Example:
while we_have_stuff_to_send do
r:puts("Bla bla bla\n") -- print something to client
r:flush() -- flush the buffer (send to client)
r.usleep(500000) -- fake processing time for 0.5 sec. and repeat
end
Back to top
getcookie(
string key
)
Fetches a HTTP Cookie. Returns nothing if the cookie was not found.
Arguments:
Return value(s):
The value of the HTTP cookie if present, otherwise nothing.
Example:
local cookie = r:getcookie("FooCookie")
if cookie then
r:puts("You sent me a cookie: ", cookie)
end
Back to top
puts(
string data
)
Sends one or more variables to the response body.
Arguments:
Example:
r:puts("hello", " world", "!")
Back to top
send_interim_response(
boolean clear
)
Sends an interim (1xx) response to the client.
Arguments:
clear
Whether to clear the request (send and clear whatever headers we have lined up)
Example:
r:send_interim_response(true)
Back to top
sendfile(
string filepath
)
Sends an entire file to the client, using sendfile if supported by the current platform.
Arguments:
filepath
The filename to send using sendfile
Return value(s):
true if the operation succeeded, false otherwise.
Example:
if use_sendfile_thing then
r:sendfile("/var/www/large_file.img")
end
Back to top
set_keepalive(
)
Sets the keepalive status for a request.
Arguments:
None
Return value(s):
true if keepalive could be set, false otherwise.
Example:
r:set_keepalive()
Back to top
setcookie(
string options, table
)
Sets a HTTP cookie.
Arguments:
options
The cookie options
Example:
r:setcookie{
key = [key],
value = [value],
expires = [expiry],
secure = [boolean],
httponly = [boolean],
path = [path],
domain = [domain]
} -- Sets a HTTP cookie, for instance:
r:setcookie{
key = "cookie1",
value = "HDHfa9eyffh396rt",
expires = os.time() + 86400,
secure = true
}
Back to top
write(
string data
)
Writes a single string to the response body.
Arguments:
data
The string to be sent
Example:
r:write("Hello world!")
Request manipulation:
Back to top
Adds a filter to the input stream.
Arguments:
filterName
The name of the filter to add
Back to top
addoutputfilter(
string filterName
)
Adds a filter to the output stream
Arguments:
filterName
The name of the filter to add
Example:
r:addoutputfilter("fooFilter") -- add the fooFilter to the output stream
Back to top
custom_response(
number statusCode, string statusPage
)
Sets the output of a specific status code to a page or a string.
Arguments:
statusCode
The status code to change responses for
statusPage
The string or page to send to the browser
Example:
r:custom_response(404, "Baleted!")
Back to top
set_document_root(
string filepath
)
Sets the document root for the current request.
Arguments:
filepath
The document root to set for this request
Example:
if r.uri = "/foo" then
r:set_document_root("/var/www/foo/foo2")
end
Debugging functions:
Back to top
exists_config_define(
string definition
)
Checks whether a configuration definition exists or not.
Arguments:
definition
The definition to check for
Return value(s):
true if the definition exists, false otherwise.
Example:
if r.exists_config_define("FOO") then
r:puts("httpd was probably run with -DFOO, or it was defined in the configuration")
end
Back to top
loaded_modules(
)
Returns a list of modules loaded by httpd.
Arguments:
None
Return value(s):
A simple list (array) of all the modules that are currently loaded by httpd.
Example:
for k, module in pairs(r:loaded_modules()) do
r:puts("I have loaded module " .. module .. "\n")
end
Back to top
module_info(
string moduleName
)
Queries the server for information about a module
Arguments:
moduleName
The name of the module to query for
Return value(s):
A table with information about the module, or nil if no such module.
Example:
local mod = r.module_info("mod_lua.c")
if mod then
for k, v in pairs(mod.commands) do
r:puts( ("%s: %s\n"):format(k,v)) -- print out all directives accepted by this module
end
end
Back to top
mpm_query(
number question
)
Queries the server for MPM information using ap_mpm_query
Arguments:
question
The data number to query for
Return value(s):
The data fetched from ap_mpm_query.
Example:
local mpm = r.mpm_query(14)
if mpm == 1 then
r:puts("This server uses the Event MPM")
end
Back to top
scoreboard_process(
number PN
)
Queries the server for information about the process at position PN
Arguments:
PN
The process number to query
Example:
local process = r:scoreboard_process(1)
r:puts("Server 1 has PID " .. process.pid)
Back to top
scoreboard_worker(
string PN, string TN
)
Queries for information about the worker thread, TN, in process PN
Arguments:
PN
The process number to query
TN
The thread number to query
Example:
local thread = r:scoreboard_worker(1, 1)
r:puts("Server 1's thread 1 has thread ID " .. thread.tid .. " and is in " .. thread.status .. " status")
Back to top
server_info(
)
Returns a table containing server information, such as the name of the httpd executable file, mpm used etc.
Arguments:
None
Back to top
state_query(
string queryCode
)
Queries the server for state information
Arguments:
queryCode
The code to query
Database functions:
Back to top
dbacquire(
string driver, string [connectionString]
)
Acquires a connection to a database and returns a database class. See Database API for details.
Arguments:
driver
The database driver to use (mod_dbd, mysql, odbc etc)
[connectionString]
The connection string to use
Back to top
ivm_get(
string key
)
Fetches a global VM-independent variable set by ivm_set.
Arguments:
Return value(s):
The contents of the variable if it exists or nil if no such variable exists.
Example:
function handle(r)
-- First VM to call this will get no value, and will have to create it
local foo = r:ivm_get("cached_data")
if not foo then
foo = do_some_calcs() -- fake some return value
r:ivm_set("cached_data", foo) -- set it globally
end
r:puts("Cached data is: ", foo)
end
Back to top
ivm_set(
string key, string value
)
Set an Inter-VM variable to hold a specific value.
Arguments:
key
The key to use for internal lookups
value
The value to set inside the key
Example:
-- An example getter/setter that saves a global variable outside the VM:
function handle(r)
-- First VM to call this will get no value, and will have to create it
local foo = r:ivm_get("cached_data")
if not foo then
foo = do_some_calcs() -- fake some return value
r:ivm_set("cached_data", foo) -- set it globally
end
r:puts("Cached data is: ", foo)
end
Logging functions:
Back to top
alert(
string logmessage
)
Logs an alert message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
Arguments:
logmessage
The message to log
Back to top
crit(
string logmessage
)
Logs a critical message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
Arguments:
logmessage
The message to log
Back to top
debug(
string logmessage
)
Logs a debug message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
Arguments:
logmessage
The message to log
Back to top
emerg(
string logmessage
)
Logs a emergency message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
Arguments:
logmessage
The message to log
Back to top
emerg(
string logmessage
)
Logs a emergency message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
Arguments:
logmessage
The message to log
Back to top
err(
string logmessage
)
Logs a error message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
Arguments:
logmessage
The message to log
Back to top
info(
string logmessage
)
Logs an informational message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
Arguments:
logmessage
The message to log
Back to top
notice(
string logmessage
)
Logs a notice in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
Arguments:
logmessage
The message to log
Back to top
trace1(
string logmessage
)
Logs a trace1 debug message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
Arguments:
logmessage
The message to log
Back to top
trace2(
string logmessage
)
Logs a trace2 debug message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
Arguments:
logmessage
The message to log
Back to top
trace3(
string logmessage
)
Logs a trace3 debug message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
Arguments:
logmessage
The message to log
Back to top
trace4(
string logmessage
)
Logs a trace4 debug message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
Arguments:
logmessage
The message to log
Back to top
trace5(
string logmessage
)
Logs a trace5 debug message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
Arguments:
logmessage
The message to log
Back to top
trace6(
string logmessage
)
Logs a trace6 debug message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
Arguments:
logmessage
The message to log
Back to top
trace7(
string logmessage
)
Logs a trace7 debug message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
Arguments:
logmessage
The message to log
Back to top
trace8(
string logmessage
)
Logs a trace8 debug message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
Arguments:
logmessage
The message to log
Back to top
warn(
string logmessage
)
Logs a warning message in the error log if LogLevel allows it.
Arguments:
logmessage
The message to log
WebSocket functions:
Back to top
wsclose(
)
Closes a WebSocket connection and unregisters the request with httpd.
Arguments:
None
Example:
if r:wsupgrade() then
r:wswrite("Hello and goodbye!")
r:wsclose()
end
Back to top
wsping(
)
Pings a client.
Arguments:
None
Return value(s):
True if the client responded with PONG, false otherwise.
Example:
if r:wsupgrade() then
if r:wsping() then
print("ping? PONG!")
else
print("You didn't pong when I pinged :("))
end
r:wsclose()
end
Back to top
wsread(
)
Reads a frame from a WebSocket client
Arguments:
None
Return value(s):
The frame read as a string, or nil if no frame was sent.
Example:
if r:wsupgrade() then
local line = r:wsread() or "nothing"
r:wswrite("You wrote: " .. line)
r:wsclose()
end
Back to top
wsupgrade(
)
Attempts to upgrade a HTTP connection to a WebSocket connection.
Arguments:
None
Return value(s):
True if the connection was upgraded, false otherwise.
Example:
if r:wsupgrade() then
r:wswrite("Welcome to websockets!")
r:wsclose()
else
r:puts("You're not requesting a WebSocket connection :("))
end
Back to top
wswrite(
string line
)
Sends a WebSocket frame to a client.
Arguments:
line
The string to send to the client
Example:
if r:wsupgrade() then
r:wswrite("Welcome!")
r:wswrite("Goodbye!")
r:wsclose()
end


Local Weather
time
description
temp
wind
hilo
Forecast
Date
Temp
Wind
Description
Display All
Alerts
Links
your favorite link
www.weather.gov


|
Hurricane Track and Intensity |
.......... |
|
..... |
|
.... |
| Atlantic Storms | Arthur | Bertha | Cristobal | Dolly | Edouard | Fay | Gonzalo | Hanna | Isaias | Josephine | Kyle | Laura | Marco | Nana | Omar | Paulette | Rene | Sally | Teddy | Vicky | Wilfred |
| mean track | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| mean intensity | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| East Pacific Storms | Amanda | Boris | Cristina | Douglas | Elida | Fausto | Genevieve | Hernan | Iselle | Julio | Karina | Lowell | Marie | Norbert | Odile | Polo | Rachel | Simon | Trudy | Vance | Winnie | Xavier | Yolanda | Zeke |
| track | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| intensity | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |


Actions, resources, and condition keys for AWS Security Hub
AWS Security Hub (service prefix:
securityhub
) provides the following service-specific resources, actions, and condition context keys for use in IAM permission policies.
References:
-
Learn how to configure this service .
-
View a list of the API operations available for this service .
-
Learn how to secure this service and its resources by using IAM permission policies.
Topics
Actions defined by AWS Security Hub
You can specify the following actions in the
Action
element of an IAM policy statement. Use policies to grant permissions to perform an operation in AWS. When you use an action in a policy, you usually allow or deny access to the API operation or CLI command with the same name. However, in some cases, a single action controls access to more than one operation. Alternatively, some operations require several different actions.
The
Resource types
column of the Actions table indicates whether each action supports resource-level permissions. If there is no value for this column, you must specify all resources ("*") to which the policy applies in the
Resource
element of your policy statement. If the column includes a resource type, then you can specify an ARN of that type in a statement with that action. If the action has one or more required resources, the caller must have permission to use the action with those resources. Required resources are indicated in the table with an asterisk (*). If you limit resource access with the
Resource
element in an IAM policy, you must include an ARN or pattern for each required resource type. Some actions support multiple resource types. If the resource type is optional (not indicated as required), then you can choose to use one of the optional resource types.
The
Condition keys
column of the Actions table includes keys that you can specify in a policy statement's
Condition
element. For more information on the condition keys that are associated with resources for the service, see the
Condition keys
column of the Resource types table.
For details about the columns in the following table, see Actions table .
| Actions | Description | Access level | Resource types (*required) | Condition keys | Dependent actions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AcceptAdministratorInvitation | Grants permission to accept Security Hub invitations to become a member account | Write | |||
| AcceptInvitation | Grants permission to accept Security Hub invitations to become a member account | Write | |||
| BatchDeleteAutomationRules | Grants permission to delete one or more automation rules in Security Hub | Write | |||
| BatchDisableStandards | Grants permission to disable standards in Security Hub | Write | |||
| BatchEnableStandards | Grants permission to enable standards in Security Hub | Write | |||
| BatchGetAutomationRules | Grants permission to retrieve a list of details for automation rules from Security Hub based on rule Amazon Resource Names (ARNs) | Read | |||
| BatchGetControlEvaluations [permission only] | Grants permission to get the enablement and compliance status of controls, the findings count for controls, and the overall security score for controls on the Security Hub console | Read | |||
| BatchGetSecurityControls | Grants permission to get details about specific security controls identified by ID or ARN | Read |
securityhub:DescribeStandardsControls |
||
| BatchGetStandardsControlAssociations | Grants permission to get the enablement status of a batch of security controls in standards | Read |
securityhub:DescribeStandardsControls |
||
| BatchImportFindings | Grants permission to import findings into Security Hub from an integrated product | Write | |||
| BatchUpdateAutomationRules | Grants permission to update one or more automation rules from Security Hub based on rule Amazon Resource Names (ARNs) and input parameters | Write | |||
| BatchUpdateFindings | Grants permission to update customer-controlled fields for a selected set of Security Hub findings | Write | |||
| BatchUpdateStandardsControlAssociations | Grants permission to update the enablement status of a batch of security controls in standards | Write |
securityhub:UpdateStandardsControl |
||
| CreateActionTarget | Grants permission to create custom actions in Security Hub | Write | |||
| CreateAutomationRule | Grants permission to create an automation rule based on input parameters | Write | |||
| CreateFindingAggregator | Grants permission to create a finding aggregator, which contains the cross-Region finding aggregation configuration | Write | |||
| CreateInsight | Grants permission to create insights in Security Hub. Insights are collections of related findings | Write | |||
| CreateMembers | Grants permission to create member accounts in Security Hub | Write | |||
| DeclineInvitations | Grants permission to decline Security Hub invitations to become a member account | Write | |||
| DeleteActionTarget | Grants permission to delete custom actions in Security Hub | Write | |||
| DeleteFindingAggregator | Grants permission to delete a finding aggregator, which disables finding aggregation across Regions | Write | |||
| DeleteInsight | Grants permission to delete insights from Security Hub | Write | |||
| DeleteInvitations | Grants permission to delete Security Hub invitations to become a member account | Write | |||
| DeleteMembers | Grants permission to delete Security Hub member accounts | Write | |||
| DescribeActionTargets | Grants permission to retrieve a list of custom actions using the API | Read | |||
| DescribeHub | Grants permission to retrieve information about the hub resource in your account | Read | |||
| DescribeOrganizationConfiguration | Grants permission to describe the organization configuration for Security Hub | Read | |||
| DescribeProducts | Grants permission to retrieve information about the available Security Hub product integrations | Read | |||
| DescribeStandards | Grants permission to retrieve information about Security Hub standards | Read | |||
| DescribeStandardsControls | Grants permission to retrieve information about Security Hub standards controls | Read | |||
| DisableImportFindingsForProduct | Grants permission to disable the findings importing for a Security Hub integrated product | Write | |||
| DisableOrganizationAdminAccount | Grants permission to remove the Security Hub administrator account for your organization | Write |
organizations:DescribeOrganization |
||
| DisableSecurityHub | Grants permission to disable Security Hub | Write | |||
| DisassociateFromAdministratorAccount | Grants permission to a Security Hub member account to disassociate from the associated administrator account | Write | |||
| DisassociateFromMasterAccount | Grants permission to a Security Hub member account to disassociate from the associated master account | Write | |||
| DisassociateMembers | Grants permission to disassociate Security Hub member accounts from the associated administrator account | Write | |||
| EnableImportFindingsForProduct | Grants permission to enable the findings importing for a Security Hub integrated product | Write | |||
| EnableOrganizationAdminAccount | Grants permission to designate a Security Hub administrator account for your organization | Write |
organizations:DescribeOrganization organizations:EnableAWSServiceAccess organizations:RegisterDelegatedAdministrator |
||
| EnableSecurityHub | Grants permission to enable Security Hub | Write | |||
| GetAdhocInsightResults [permission only] | Grants permission to retrieve insight results by providing a set of filters instead of an insight ARN | Read | |||
| GetAdministratorAccount | Grants permission to retrieve details about the Security Hub administrator account | Read | |||
| GetControlFindingSummary [permission only] | Grants permission to retrieve a security score and counts of finding and control statuses for a security standard | Read | |||
| GetEnabledStandards | Grants permission to retrieve a list of the standards that are enabled in Security Hub | List | |||
| GetFindingAggregator | Grants permission to retrieve details for a finding aggregator, which configures finding aggregation across Regions | Read | |||
| GetFindingHistory | Grants permission to retrieve a list of finding history from Security Hub | Read | |||
| GetFindings | Grants permission to retrieve a list of findings from Security Hub | Read | |||
| GetFreeTrialEndDate [permission only] | Grants permission to retrieve the end date for an account's free trial of Security Hub | Read | |||
| GetFreeTrialUsage [permission only] | Grants permission to retrieve information about Security Hub usage during the free trial period | Read | |||
| GetInsightFindingTrend [permission only] | Grants permission to retrieve an insight finding trend from Security Hub in order to generate a graph | Read | |||
| GetInsightResults | Grants permission to retrieve insight results from Security Hub | Read | |||
| GetInsights | Grants permission to retrieve Security Hub insights | List | |||
| GetInvitationsCount | Grants permission to retrieve the count of Security Hub membership invitations sent to the account | Read | |||
| GetMasterAccount | Grants permission to retrieve details about the Security Hub master account | Read | |||
| GetMembers | Grants permission to retrieve the details of Security Hub member accounts | Read | |||
| GetUsage [permission only] | Grants permission to retrieve information about Security Hub usage by accounts | Read | |||
| InviteMembers | Grants permission to invite other AWS accounts to become Security Hub member accounts | Write | |||
| ListAutomationRules | Grants permission to retrieve a list of automation rules and their metadata for the calling account from Security Hub | List | |||
| ListControlEvaluationSummaries [permission only] | Grants permission to retrieve a list of controls for a standard, including the control IDs, statuses and finding counts | Read | |||
| ListEnabledProductsForImport | Grants permission to retrieve the Security Hub integrated products that are currently enabled | List | |||
| ListFindingAggregators | Grants permission to retrieve a list of finding aggregators, which contain the cross-Region finding aggregation configuration | List | |||
| ListInvitations | Grants permission to retrieve the Security Hub invitations sent to the account | List | |||
| ListMembers | Grants permission to retrieve details about Security Hub member accounts associated with the administrator account | List | |||
| ListOrganizationAdminAccounts | Grants permission to list the Security Hub administrator accounts for your organization | List |
organizations:DescribeOrganization |
||
| ListSecurityControlDefinitions | Grants permission to retrieve a list of security control definitions, which contain details for security controls in the current region | List | |||
| ListStandardsControlAssociations | Grants permission to list the enablement status of a security control in standards | List |
securityhub:DescribeStandardsControls |
||
| ListTagsForResource | Grants permission to list of tags associated with a resource | Read | |||
| SendFindingEvents [permission only] | Grants permission to use a custom action to send Security Hub findings to Amazon EventBridge | Read | |||
| SendInsightEvents [permission only] | Grants permission to use a custom action to send Security Hub insights to Amazon EventBridge | Read | |||
| TagResource | Grants permission to add tags to a Security Hub resource | Tagging | |||
| UntagResource | Grants permission to remove tags from a Security Hub resource | Tagging | |||
| UpdateActionTarget | Grants permission to update custom actions in Security Hub | Write | |||
| UpdateFindingAggregator | Grants permission to update a finding aggregator, which contains the cross-Region finding aggregation configuration | Write | |||
| UpdateFindings | Grants permission to update Security Hub findings | Write | |||
| UpdateInsight | Grants permission to update insights in Security Hub | Write | |||
| UpdateOrganizationConfiguration | Grants permission to update the organization configuration for Security Hub | Write | |||
| UpdateSecurityHubConfiguration | Grants permission to update Security Hub configuration | Write | |||
| UpdateStandardsControl | Grants permission to update Security Hub standards controls | Write |
Resource types defined by AWS Security Hub
The following resource types are defined by this service and can be used in the
Resource
element of IAM permission policy statements. Each action in the
Actions table
identifies the resource types that can be specified with that action. A resource type can also define which condition keys you can include in a policy. These keys are displayed in the last column of the Resource types table. For details about the columns in the following table, see
Resource types table
.
| Resource types | ARN | Condition keys |
|---|---|---|
| hub |
arn:$
{
Partition}:securityhub:$
{
Region}:$
{
Account}:hub/default
|
|
| product |
arn:$
{
Partition}:securityhub:$
{
Region}:$
{
Account}:product/$
{
Company}/$
{
ProductId}
|
|
| finding-aggregator |
arn:$
{
Partition}:securityhub:$
{
Region}:$
{
Account}:finding-aggregator/$
{
FindingAggregatorId}
|
|
| automation-rule |
arn:$
{
Partition}:securityhub:$
{
Region}:$
{
Account}:automation-rule/$
{
AutomationRuleId}
|
Condition keys for AWS Security Hub
AWS Security Hub defines the following condition keys that can be used in the
Condition
element of an IAM policy. You can use these keys to further refine the conditions under which the policy statement applies. For details about the columns in the following table, see
Condition keys table
.
To view the global condition keys that are available to all services, see Available global condition keys .
| Condition keys | Description | Type |
|---|---|---|
| aws:RequestTag/${TagKey} | Filters access by actions based on the presence of tag key-value pairs in the request | String |
| aws:ResourceTag/${TagKey} | Filters access by actions based on tag key-value pairs attached to the resource | String |
| aws:TagKeys | Filters access by actions based on the presence of tag keys in the request | ArrayOfString |
| securityhub:ASFFSyntaxPath/${ASFFSyntaxPath} | Filters access by the specified fields and values in the request | String |
| securityhub:TargetAccount | Filters access by the AwsAccountId field that is specified in the request | String |


Platform for Architects
Complete tasks, archive files, and make payments.
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Beta-Testing on Ropsten-Testnet.
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Like most Latin American countries, music and dance is a huge part of Peruvian culture. You haven’t truly experienced Peru until you have been to a Peruvian club or karaoke bar. Here are a few places we recommend, each with a different vibe:
| Sabor y Son Cubano |
| For an older or more relaxed crowd, check out this Cuban jazz and salsa club.
Address: San Jose 155, Chiclayo Hours: Opens at 9 PM and goes late into the night on Fridays and Saturdays. Phone Number: (51) (074)-27-2555 |
| Magno |
| This is a club that will keep you dancing all night long! It has an open bar for the ladies until midnight, and is a great place to dance with the locals of Chiclayo.
Address: 490 Av.José Leonardo Ortiz, Chiclayo Hours: Fridays and Saturdays from 10:30 on Phone Number: (51) (074)- 23-6266 Website: www.magno.pe |
| Rustica |
| Providing shows, a restaurant, bar, disco, and karaoke, Rustica is a chill club with delicious food and a spot for everyone to enjoy themselves
Address: Av Miguel de Cervantes n. 300, Chiclayo (in Real Plaza) Hours: Sunday-Thursday, 12 PM – 3 AM; Friday and Saturday, 12 PM – 5 AM (Karaoke 5:30 PM – 3 AM) Phone Number:(51)(074)- 23-6992 or 221367 Website: rustica.com.pe |


--- layout: post title: Silicon Valley Ruby on Rails group forming categories: - sightings author: marcel published: true date: 2006-05-16 03:10:00.000000000 +01:00 ---
For those of you in the Silicon Valley, Zachary Taylor and others are starting up a Ruby on Rails group and are looking for people interested in joining in. They don’t have any set dates for the first meeting, but are aiming for a get together in the coming weeks. If you are interested, get involved.
If you are closer to San Francisco proper, you should know that they already have a group setup. The SF Ruby Meetup has regular meetings on the 2nd Tuesday of the month.


{% include sidebars/sections/about.html %} {% include sidebars/sections/recent_posts.html %} {% include sidebars/sections/blogroll.html %} {% include sidebars/sections/flickr.html %}


Go to the source code of this file.
◆ LIMIT_ERASE_SIZE
| #define LIMIT_ERASE_SIZE 0x10000 |
◆ SPI_FLASH_SEC_SIZE
| #define SPI_FLASH_SEC_SIZE 4096 |
◆ UPGRADE_FLAG_FINISH [1/2]
| #define UPGRADE_FLAG_FINISH 0x02 |
◆ UPGRADE_FLAG_FINISH [2/2]
| #define UPGRADE_FLAG_FINISH 0x02 |
◆ UPGRADE_FLAG_IDLE [1/2]
| #define UPGRADE_FLAG_IDLE 0x00 |
◆ UPGRADE_FLAG_IDLE [2/2]
| #define UPGRADE_FLAG_IDLE 0x00 |
◆ UPGRADE_FLAG_START [1/2]
| #define UPGRADE_FLAG_START 0x01 |
◆ UPGRADE_FLAG_START [2/2]
| #define UPGRADE_FLAG_START 0x01 |
◆ UPGRADE_FW_BIN1
| #define UPGRADE_FW_BIN1 0x00 |
◆ UPGRADE_FW_BIN2
| #define UPGRADE_FW_BIN2 0x01 |
◆ USER_BIN1
◆ USER_BIN2
◆ upgrade_states_check_callback
| typedef void(* upgrade_states_check_callback) (void *arg) |
◆ system_upgrade()
◆ system_upgrade_deinit()
| void system_upgrade_deinit |
( |
| ) |
|
◆ system_upgrade_init()
| void system_upgrade_init |
( |
| ) |
|
◆ system_upgrade_start()


Do you think we should list other key metadata properties when generating documentation? Let us know! Open an issue on WIDOCO's Github repository and we will assess the candidate property to be part of our best practices. In addition, we will make WIDOCO recognize it too.
The authors would like to thank Vladimir Alexiev, Giacomo Lanza, Simon Cox, Lars G. Svensson and Pierre-Yves Vandenbussche for their detailed feedback on the document


This document was not updated for this release
This topic introduces Java IDL support for servers of both persistent and transient CORBA objects.
Transient and Persistent Objects
A persistent CORBA object lives until it is explicitly destroyed. If a client has a reference to a persistent CORBA object, that reference can be used even if the object's server is not running -- an ORB daemon, ORBD, will start the server when the ORB receives an invocation on the object.
Starting with J2SE 1.4, Java IDL includes a Portable Object Adapter (POA), Object Request Broker Daemon (ORBD), and the servertool. These features enable persistent object servers to be written using Java IDL!
By contrast, a transient CORBA object has the same lifetime as the execution of the server process that creates it. When a server terminates, its transient objects disappear with it and any object references held by the client become invalid. Transient objects are often used to effect asynchronous, or callback communication between applications and objects. For example, suppose a timing service notifies a client application when an interval expires; it could do so as follows:
The arrangement, in other words, is much like a callback in procedural programming.
Starting with J2SE 1.4, Java IDL includes a Portable Object Adapter (POA), Object Request Broker Daemon (ORBD), and the servertool. These features enable persistent object servers to be written using Java IDL! The tutorial Hello World with persistent server provides a version of the "Hello World" application that utilizes a persistent object server.
Clients | Servers | Exceptions | Initialization | Naming
Home |
Fundamentals |
Programming |
References |
Tutorial |


Is Ronaldo Really Injured Or Is Sarri Lying?
by Kurt BuckerfieldSuperstar Cristiano Ronaldo is seemingly an unhappy camper at Juventus after being substituted in two consecutive games, which prompted angry responses from the five-time Ballon d'Or winner. Manager Maurizio Sarri has alluded to a fitness issue, but there appears to be a new development.
Click through the mini-gallery above to see some images of Ronaldo's latest show of frustration.
The 34-year-old was taken off in the 82nd minute of a UEFA Champions League tie against Lokomotiv Moscow last week, a decision he did not seem happy with.
Ronaldo seemed to have a few words with Sarri as he was replaced by Paulo Dybala, but the former Chelsea manager played the incident down, claiming his superstar forward was struggling with a knee injury.
This substitution was repeated by the Italian tactician when Juve hosted AC Milan this past Sunday, again swapping the former Real Madrid man with Dybala, this time in the 55th minute.
Ronaldo caused even more of a stir when he came off against Milan, though, as he decided to head straight for the tunnel instead of the bench, with reports suggesting he also left the stadium early.
Sarri once again looked to throw water over the fire, claiming his star man was still struggling with fitness issues, despite Ronaldo's angry response seemingly suggesting otherwise.
Post Selfies On Soccer Laduma's Social Media App & Earn Airtime and more! Download Now
What is perhaps more telling is the ex-Los Blancos man has still joined up with the Portugal national team ahead of their 2020 European Championship qualifiers later this week, and has reportedly trained without any limitations.
The Portugal News claimed Ronaldo has not shown "any physical problems" on the training ground with his international colleagues, further suggesting that Sarri may have simply been taking him off due to his performances not being up to standard.
Portugal require one win in their next two matches, against Lithuania and Luxembourg, to qualify for the tournament that will be hosted across several European countries as they look to defend their title.


public interface SortStateViewProvider
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
static int |
NO_IMAGE |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
int |
getSortStateViewResource(SortState state)
Gives the drawable resource for the given
SortState . |
static final int NO_IMAGE


Police looking for man who approached two kids
It happened in the Pioneer and Bechtel Drive area last Tuesday
by KitchenerToday StaffWaterloo Regional Police continue their search for a man who allegedly approached two children in Kitchener last week.
The incident happened Tuesday, November 12 at around 5:30 p.m.
A man was observed loitering in the area of Bechtel Drive and Pioneer Drive.
The man police are looking for is described as brown, 20's, 5'10, with a thin build, dark curly hair, wearing a blue or black coat, plus a toque.
Anyone who has information is asked to call police at<PHONE_NUMBER> or Crime Stoppers at 1-800-222-8477.


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Class constant
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library/Tuxxedo/Upload/Descriptor.php
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Upload error constant - Custom (caused by event callbacks)
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Table of contents
Generated by Tuxxedo Engine 1.3.0 "Intergalactic" Alpha 1 (experimental).


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Copyright 2017 Ashwath Anand


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| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
Export_ExportExceptionTest
Purpose
This test verifies the following:
Export method throws ExportException if the export of either remote
object throws ExportException, or if the main proxy is not an instance
of both RemoteMethodControl and TrustEquivalence, or if the main proxy
is an instance of a non-public class that implements a non-public
interface, or if the bootstrap proxy is not an instance of ProxyTrust,
RemoteMethodControl, and TrustEquivalence.
|
class |
Export_IllegalArgumentExceptionTest
Purpose
This test verifies the following:
Export method throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified remote
object is not an instance of ServerProxyTrust, or if the export of
the main remote object throws IllegalArgumentException.
|
class |
Export_IllegalStateExceptionTest
Purpose
This test verifies the following:
Export method throws IllegalStateException if the export of either remote
object throws IllegalStateException.
|
class |
ExportTest
Purpose
This test verifies the following:
Exports the specified main remote object and returns a dynamic proxy for
the object.
|
class |
PTE_NullPointerExceptionTest
Purpose
This test verifies the following:
ProxyTrustExporter constructor throws NullPointerException if any
argument is null.
|
class |
UnexportTest
Purpose
This test verifies the following:
The unexport method of the main exporter is called with the specified
argument and if that returns true, the unexport method of the bootstrap
exporter is called with true.
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
CheckTrustEquivalenceTest
Purpose
This test verifies the following:
CheckTrustEquivalence method of ProxyTrustInvocationHandler returns true
if the argument is an instance of this class, and calling the
checkTrustEquivalence method on the main proxy of this invocation
handler, passing the main proxy of the argument, returns true, and
calling the checkTrustEquivalence method on the bootstrap proxy of this
invocation handler, passing the bootstrap proxy of the argument, returns
true, and returns false otherwise.
|
class |
EqualsTest
Purpose
This test verifies the following:
Equals method of ProxyTrustInvocationHandler returns true if the argument
is an instance of this class with the same main proxy and the same
bootstrap proxy, and false otherwise.
|
class |
GetProxyTrustIteratorTest
Purpose
This test verifies the following:
GetProxyTrustIterator method of ProxyTrustInvocationHandler returns an
iterator that produces the bootstrap proxy as the only element of the
iteration.
|
class |
Invoke_checkTrustEquivalenceTest
Purpose
This test verifies the following:
If the specified method is TrustEquivalence.checkTrustEquivalence, invoke
method of ProxyTrustInvocationHandler returns true if the argument
(args[0]) is an instance of a dynamic proxy class that implements the
same interfaces as the specified proxy and calling the
checkTrustEquivalence method of this invocation handler with the
invocation handler of that argument returns true, and returns false
otherwise.
|
class |
Invoke_EqualsTest
Purpose
This test verifies the following:
If the specified method is Object.equals, invoke method of
ProxyTrustInvocationHandler returns true if the argument (args[0]) is an
instance of a dynamic proxy class (that is, a class generated by Proxy)
that implements the same interfaces as the specified proxy and this
invocation
handler is equal to the invocation handler of that argument, and returns
false otherwise.
|
class |
Invoke_ExceptionsTest
Purpose
This test verifies the following:
Invoke method of ProxyTrustInvocationHandler throws
IllegalArgumentException if the declaring class of the specified method
is not public and either the main proxy is not an instance of that
declaring class or the main proxy's class is not public.
|
class |
Invoke_hashCodeTest
Purpose
This test verifies the following:
If the specified method is Object.hashCode, invoke method of
ProxyTrustInvocationHandler returns a hash code for the specified proxy
object.
|
class |
Invoke_setConstraintsTest
Purpose
This test verifies the following:
If the specified method is RemoteMethodControl.setConstraints, invoke
method of ProxyTrustInvocationHandler returns a new proxy (an instance of
the same class as the specified proxy) containing an instance of this
class with a new main proxy and the same bootstrap proxy from this
handler.
|
class |
Invoke_ThrowableTest
Purpose
This test verifies the following:
Invoke method of ProxyTrustInvocationHandler throws
the exception thrown by executing the specified method.
|
class |
InvokeTest
Purpose
This test verifies the following:
For all other methods, invoke method of ProxyTrustInvocationHandler
returns the object obtained by delegating to the main proxy: the
specified method is reflectively invoked on the main proxy with the
specified arguments, unless the method's declaring class is not public
but the main proxy is an instance of that declaring class and the main
proxy's class is public, in which case the corresponding method of the
main proxy's class is reflectively invoked instead.
|
class |
PTIH_IllegalArgumentExceptionTest
Purpose
This test verifies the following:
ProxyTrustInvocationHandler constructor IllegalArgumentException if the
main proxy is not an instance of TrustEquivalence, or the bootstrap proxy
is not an instance of RemoteMethodControl or TrustEquivalence
Infrastructure
This test requires the following infrastructure:
RMCNonTEMainProxy - class which implements RemoteMethodControl interface
but does not implements TrustEquivalence interface
RMCPTNonTEBootProxy - class which implements ProxyTrust and
RemoteMethodControl interfaces but does not implement
TrustEquivalence one
PTTENonRMCBootProxy - class which implements ProxyTrust and
TrustEquivalence interfaces but does not implements
RemoteMethodControl one
ValidMainProxy - class which implements RemoteMethodControl and
TrustEquivalence interfaces
ValidBootProxy - class which implements ProxyTrust, RemoteMethodControl
and TrustEquivalence interfaces
Action
The test performs the following steps:
1) construct ProxyTrustInvocationHandler1 with ValidMainProxy and
RMCPTNonTEBootProxy as parameters
2) assert that IllegalArgumentException will be thrown
3) construct ProxyTrustInvocationHandler2 with ValidMainProxy and
PTTENonRMCBootProxy as parameters
4) assert that IllegalArgumentException will be thrown
5) construct ProxyTrustInvocationHandler3 with RMCNonTEMainProxy and
ValidBootProxy as parameters
6) assert that IllegalArgumentException will be thrown
|
class |
PTIH_NullPointerExceptionTest
Purpose
This test verifies the following:
ProxyTrustInvocationHandler constructor throws NullPointerException if
any argument is null.
|
class |
ReadObjectTest
Purpose
This test verifies the following:
ReadObject method of ProxyTrustInvocationHandler verifies that the main
proxy is an instance of TrustEquivalence, and that the bootstrap proxy
is an instance of both RemoteMethodControl and TrustEquivalence.
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
IsTrustedObject_NullPointerExceptionTest
Purpose
This test verifies the following:
IsTrustedObject method of ProxyTrustVerifier throws NullPointerException
if any argument is null.
|
class |
IsTrustedObject_RemoteExceptionTest
Purpose
This test verifies the isTrustedObject method of ProxyTrustVerifier
when RemoteExceptions are thrown.
|
class |
IsTrustedObject_SecurityExceptionTest
Purpose
This test verifies the isTrustedObject method of ProxyTrustVerifier
when SecurityExceptions are thrown.
|
class |
IsTrustedObjectMultiIterationTest
Purpose
This test verifies the isTrustedObject method of ProxyTrustVerifier for
multiple iterations.
|
class |
IsTrustedObjectOneIterationNonProxyTest
Purpose
This test verifies the isTrustedObject method of ProxyTrustVerifier for
non-dynamic proxy main objects, with at most one iterator, and no
exceptions thrown.
|
class |
IsTrustedObjectOneIterationProxyTest
Purpose
This test verifies the isTrustedObject method of ProxyTrustVerifier for
dynamic proxy main objects, with at most one iterator, and no exceptions
thrown.
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
SingletonProxyTrustIteratorTest
Purpose
This test verifies the following:
SingletonProxyTrustIterator represents an implementation of
ProxyTrustIterator interface with the only one element of the iteration.
|
Copyright 2007-2013, multiple authors.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0, see the NOTICE file for attributions.


The retinol-forming carotenoid oxygenases form a sequence-related family consisting of over 100 members. These enzymes differ in their substrates and their method of cleavage. Some examples of carotenoid oxygenases are:
InterPro Domain Architecture:
|
InterPro Entry |
Method Accession |
Graphical Match |
Method Name |
|
IPR004294 |
PF03055 |
|
RPE65 |
|
IPR004294 |
PTHR10543 |
|
RPE65 |
From the graphical
match above, you can see that the signatures (method accession) represent one
InterPro entry for human beta‑carotene‑15,15’‑monooxygenase,
namely IPR004294, which
represents the family of carotenoid oxygenases as characterised by the retinal pigment epithelial
membrane protein RPE65. This entry has
two signatures, PF03055 from the PFAM database, and
PTHR10543 from the PANTHER
database, where both signatures cover the entire protein length. The InterPro entry gives details regarding
the taxonomic distribution of carotenoid oxygenases.
The structure of the apocaretnoid‑15,15’‑oxygenase (lignostilbene-alpha,beta-dioxygenase) from the cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. has been determined, and can be used as a template to explore the structures of other carotenoid oxygenases. This structure can be found in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). A detailed description and visualisation of the structural features of carotenoid oxygenases can be found at the PDB ‘Molecule of the Month’, providing insights into how these molecules cleave carotenoids.


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Project to Intercompare Regional Climate Simulations (PIRCS)
Modelers Workshop
Danish Climate Centre
Danish Meteorological Institute
Lyngbyvej 100, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø
DENMARK
22-23 May 2000
Monday 22 May 2000
The workshop opened with a welcome by Jens Christensen, Senior Advisor of the Danish Climate Centre of the Danish Meteorological Institute. Self introductions were given by participants. \ Bill Gutowski of PIRCS gave a brief overview of the International Institute of Theoretical and Applied Physics (IITAP), partial sponsor of the workshop and home institution of PIRCS. Acknowledgements were given to IITAP and the US Electric Power Research Institute for supplying funding for the workshop and the project.
DISCUSSION OF PIRCS EXPERIMENT 1b
Ray Arritt gave a brief overview of results to date for PIRCS Experiment 1b, a 30-day simulation of the continental US for June and July of 1993. John Roads points out that the reanalysis shows a daytime max which, compared the regional models, shows that the regional models are superior.
Richard Jones raised the question about variability in output that might occur if the initial conditions were perturbed at the bit level. [RJ was thinking of some work that Giorgi has done perturbing initial or lateral boundary conditions, which showed surprisingly large, ongoing differences between runs, even if only IC perturbed.] How much should we expect weather systems to evolve as observed? We are not doing weather prediction, but climate simulation. Thus simulating statistics of climate is important, but simulating precise sequence of weather events is not. Ole Christensen commented on repeated 1-yr runs that showed variability from year to year due to evolving and variability of soil moisture.
Comments:
S-Y Hong: Plot large-scale and convective precipitation separately.
Publication plans were discussed
R. Arritt: Need documentation of all the models!
J. Roads: suggested using coarser resolution (100 km) and running longer to
examine land surface iterations.
R Arritt: Consistent patterns emerged among models that are similar (e.g.,
common convection mechanisms).
J. Roads: spectrum of energy - is that a
reasonable diagnostic? What should it be compared against? [Spectrum should
transition smoothly from the reanalysis spectrum to the RCM spectrum.] Eta model
analysis (EDAS) would be interesting to look at even if time period is
not the same, could get a climatology.
Need for additional analyses was discussed.
J. Roads: suggested a difference between 93 and 88 would be informative.
Possible use of an ensemble of models was discussed.
Jens Christensen suggested we focus on areas where regional models add value to
global models, and that we need to determine when and where the added value is
realized.
NCEP reanal II should be coming out now. Soil moisture is improved because actual observed precip (rather than model) is used for soil moisture.
DISCUSSION OF A PIRCS EXPERIMENT 1c.
This would build on PIRCS 1a and 1b, but simulate several years.
G. Takle: Pan at ISU re-ran a short simulation with grid extended in north,
south, east or west directions. Precipitation changed, even in central US.
M. Fox Rabinowitz: Boundaries should not be in a data-poor area for the
reanalysis.
J. Christensen: Western boundary seems ok but lack of skill is most important
in our target region.
C. Jones: For 1993, extending to south is of interest because of low-level
jet
J. Roads: Practical consideration is that groups already are set up from
having run 1a,b. He has run a 10-year simulation for PIRCS domain.
R. Jones: Need to let science issues drive choice of domain
M. Fox-Rabinowitz: Include North American Monsoon. Extend the domain south
and west
B. Gutowski: GCIP extension (GAPP) includes emphasis on SW U.S. as well as
Mississippi R. basin.
J. Christensen: Enlarging domain increases freedom within RCM domain.
J. Roads: ENSO cycle may be reasonably represented already as it is a winter
phenomenon with signal in large-scale flow.
R. Jones: Build on what we have done. Two extremes have been done; simulate
a longer period.
R. Arritt: Need to explore deficiencies in predicting cool season
precipitation.
J. Roads: Need to test for sub-period. Different models may require
different domains.
M. Fox-Rabinowitz: Specify minimal domain.
J. Roads: PIRCS domain probably satisfies minimum
C. Jones: Is the goal to improve results or understand whats
happening?
C. Jones: Double nested domain. Internal mesoscale convective complexes
require higher resolution (~ 20 km)
R. Laprise: Tradeoff between time and space. Support climate change
experiments. Few have run climate change experiments at < 50 km. Extremes
were a prototype for interannual variability. 10 years is minimal for
statistics. Look at interannual variability of model vs .observations
C. Jones: People use RCMs for seasonal prediction, not just climate
change.
R. Jones: Again, scientific question will dictate emphasis.
C. Jones: Basic question is whether RCMs provide added value
J. Christensen: GCMs cant produce extreme events.
B. Gutowski: Models arent capturing amplitudes of extremes.
J. Roads: Applications community wants longer time scales. Three basic
points:
Conclusion: Minimal domain will be the same as for PIRCS 1a,b with encouragement to go beyond and experiment with (a) higher resolution, (b) expanded boundaries, and (c) longer time series.
FINAL PROPOSAL FOR PIRCS EXPERIMENT 1C
Minimal simulation:
DISCUSSION OF A PROPOSED PIRCS EXPERIMENT 2
This would focus on simulating South America and be timed to take advantage of the special observations and other data sets being created for the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere (LBA) Experiment in the Amazon
Vicky Ballester (University of Sao Paolo) presented an overview of the LBA experiments and data
Introduction
Data Information system
Data use
LBA started in early nineties and has attracted global interest. Issues addressed include exchange of energy water, carbon, trace gases and nutrients. An underlying question is how conversions of tropical forest will alter these exchanges. It is of considerable interest to predict the impact of deforestation.
Questions
How does Amazonia function as regional entity?
How do land use changes and climate variability affect this regional functioning?
Field campaigns started in 1998 and 1999. LBA integrates data and processes across many disciplines and includes:
Integrated data system is used for data archive. Data generated by LBA will become public after 2 years
Web based search system for data includes a metadata search system
The LBA web site is http://www3.cptec.inpe.br/lba/index.html and can be linked to from the PIRCS web site (under Copenhagen meeting)
Campaigns
WETAMC:
LBA and TRMM (also Jan-Feb 1999). Also involved tower measurements, Doppler radar, etc.
Reanalysis using the RAMS model is planned
Future plans
Time windows
DISCUSSSION
B. Gutowski: What about S. American monsoon
Bill Gutowski presented the proposal for PIRCS 2
A domain of 150x150 gridpoints at 50 km is proposed. Land use type is available at this resolution.
Some key considerations:
Chemistry and soil-atmosphere interaction are key concerns. Question was raised about how much independent verification data we have?
R. Jones: (1) Why S. America? (2) Are we involving any S. American modeling groups?
B. Gutowski: Wanted to do a different (tropical) region; newer opportunity;
IITAP connection promotes interaction with the developing world.
Also:
PIRCS has corresponded w/modeling groups at CPTEC, others (Tanajura,
Argentina).
M. Fox-Rabinowitz: Others in U.S. have interest, e.g. Rutgers, Utah, U. MD.
J. Roads: An opportunity to test soil moisture; all models dry out during El Nino.
Trees may root to 20 m from which roots will draw moisture during dry periods. This will require a very long spin-up period.
Width of the Andes will be described by about 4 grid points at the proposed resolution.
R. Jones: Difficult to say where the boundary should be. One group should run a model to experiment with different boundaries to test sensitivity.
David Hassell RCM SIMULATIONS OF THE SOUTH ASIAN MONSOON: Issues important to a tropical simulation
Domain size experiments: 3 different domains with experimentation with southern and western boundary. Domain size did not relate to anomaly correlation, as was the case for Europe. There seems to be an insensitivity to domain size. Results seem to suggest that use of a small domain is possible. In the tropics physical incompatibility between global and regional model is not such a problem. No evidence that a small domain restricted the ability of a mesoscale model.
RCM mean precipitation is consistently ~ 20% higher than GCM (all 3 domains). Four individual summers in 1980s were simulated. There are break and active regimes of the Monsoon. The regional model did better than global model . Large portion of the heavy precipitation events in the regional model come in the break periods. During active periods cyclones track more northerly than during break periods. The 850 mb flow anomaly shows strengthening of westerlies in break periods and deeper monsoon trough in the active period. Cyclones initiate in Bay of Bengal, but not produced in GCM. The RCM develops cyclones but they are too large (resolution dependent?). Important factors include locally important regions of cyclogenesis.
Summary
A 20-year integration of the smallest regional model gave large improvement
over the driving GCM in local mean precipitation features of break and active
region
This is a result of the RCMs ability to generate cyclones passing over the SE with realistic frequency and intensity.
DISCUSSION;
Boehm: REMO simulation showed the importance of capturing ITCZ migration
effect on dry/wet year.
B. Gutowski: Define analysis area as shown, to overlap w/IRI. Then vary placement of forcing. Get experience of S. American modelers as input. On resolution, P. de Silva Dias says it is necessary to resolve squall lines. Initial proposal will be for 50 km, with possible inner nest. Possible choice of domain: keep the region of analysis as the "white region" in the IRI map shown by J. Roads. We should get input from SA modelers on this. F. Meisinger and Mike Fenissey on Cola are running experiments with the ETA model which will be useful to evaluate domain size.
Tentative experiment:
V. Ballester: there are some max and min temps but there are large gaps in the datasets.
How many would do a PIRCS Expt 2: Christensen (HIRHAM), M. Fox-Rabinowitz
(stretched grid), S.-Y. Hong (RSM), J. Larson (Argonne + ISU, MM5) indicated
interest.
Modelers need justification. Up to 7 groups are willing.
C. Jones has tried using both the ECMWF and NCEP reanalysis for PIRCS 1and finds ECMWF better.
M. Fox-Rabinowitz: New DAO reanalysis will be much better for ENSO cycle than GEOS-I. It will provide data at 1ox 1o, 48 levels for 1997-99. It has not been started yet.
GEOS I reanalysis stopped in 1996 (1979-96). ERA 40 is being planned.
J. Roads: NCEP-II reanalysis? Is it at Lawrence Livermore National Lab? How can we get the data?
S.-Y. Hong: Format is the same as NCEP-I
Question was raised about the vertical interpolation
C. Jones: It is better to use raw data than interpolated values.
Surface boundary conditions were discussed. Vegetation and topography data are available. The 2o degree sea-surface temperature (SST) data are probably consistent with the reanalysis (1o SSTs may not be consistent). In the tropics we will want to use the best SSTs available because of their importance for convection and precipitation.
M. Fox-Rabinowitz showed results of a 40-km simulation that captured the precipitation well in the SE US. The University of Delaware (Willmot) has assembled a dataset with much better precipitation. Michael encourages use of 40 km resolution in simulations over the US.
POSTER DESCRIPTIONS
(Some titles are missing or have been approximated; please correct)
Analysis of the drying out problem over south-eastern Europe using the
limited area model HIRHAM4
Stefan Hagemann, M. Botzet, and B. Machenauer
A spectral nudging technique for dynamical downscaling purposes
Frauke Feser
Variability of Regional Climate Models due to Soil Moisture.(?)
Ole B. Christensen
Time and space dependent biophysical land surface parameters from AVHRR NDVI
data
R. Stockli and Pier Vidale
Investigations of influence of domain size and soil moisture (?)
Song-You Hong
Title
Daniel Caya
An Analysis of Precipitation variability in the Rossby Centre RCM contribution to PIRCS experiment 1B. Colin Jones
RCM on various locations around the globe
Liquian Sun
Influence of two different land surface coupling techniques
Jan Pert Schultz
Distinct circulation states of the Arctic by natural variability.
Klaus Dethloff
Combining satellite data and a high resolutions meteorological model for
estimation of surface fluxes and resistances
H.Soegaards, E.Boegh, M.S. Rasmussen, N.Woetmann, J.H.Christensen, C.B.Hasager and N.O.Jensen,
Ensemble simulations with perturbed physics in a nested regional climate
Model
Tuesday 23 May 2000
FURTHER DISCUSSION OF PIRCS 2
It has been decided to use NCEP 1 reanalysis.
Target observations/reference fields
PROPOSAL FOR STANDARD DIAGNOSTICS AND DATA INTERCHANGE FOR PIRCS
Jay Larson
Mathematics and Computer Science (MCS) Division
Argonne National Laboratory
A utilities wish list for an intercomparison project would include the
following:
Common utilities for
MCS has software design as one of its core competencies, so they approach this PIRCS need as a software project.
The proposed schematic for PIRCS diagnostic output and applications program:
Further development will include:
An example can be seen at
www.mcs.anl.gov/~larsonA demo of ANLs MM5 data viewer can be seen at www-climate.mcs.anl.gov/
Discussion
Ballester: data are half hourly or hourly frequency and are transmitted
daily.
More output are available on-line.
C. Jones: ISCCP H/M/L cloud corresponding to above 440 mb/ 440-680 / 680 mb
and below.
Use maximum random overlap.
Storage: 120x120x20x4 = 1.15 MB
Allows study of vertical distribution of diabatic heating
Tucker: vertical interpolation (via M.
Fox-Rabinowitz)
M. Fox-Rabinowitz will send a list of diagnostics (email to remind)
Jens: Suggest groups do a 1-month simulation as a test
M. Fox-Rabinowitz: Will the diagnostics software handle staggered fields?
Meta-data base describing more extensive data fields should be available at modeling institutions.
Project to Intercompare
Regional Climate Simulations
OUTPUT For Use in PIRCS 1C AND PIRCS 2
Diagnostic Package
(this is what the modeling groups will run into Jay Larsons black box)
Three-hourly cumulative
| Input | Output |
| Convective precip | Convective precip |
| Stratiform precip | Stratiform precip |
| Surface energy fluxes | Surface energy fluxes |
| Incident solar | Incoming solar |
| Absorbed solar | Reflected solar |
| Up and down longwave | Up and down longwave |
| Downward flux into the soil | Downward flux into the soil |
| Sensible latent | Sensible latent |
| Latent heat | Latent heat |
| Runoff | Runoff |
Three-hour average
Precipitable water
| Clouds (ISCCP) | ISCCP cloud layers |
Three-hourly instantaneous
2-m air temp
| Vertically integrated horizontal water transport | precip water |
Daily
Min/max temperature
Soil moisture
Monthly averages at 850, 700, 500, 300, and 200 hPa (of 3-hourly
samples)
East-west wind speed
North-south wind speed
Vertical wind speed/omega.
Temperature
Diabatic heating on the mandatory levels
Moisture specific humidity
Relative humidity
Be sure that the interpolation is done before the
monthly averaging is done.
Include all mandatory levels.
J. Roads: GCIP MOLTS approach (profiles of heating at radiosonde sites)
Calendar items
Perhaps there should be more model summary information available to modelers online.
Contact information:
Webpage:
http://www.pircs.iastate.eduRay Arritt:
rwarritt@iastate.edu


A proof of concept around spring-boot and micro-services. A perspective for Orange Web API. Please be patient, because it could be long ;)
For


First Nation, environmental groups seek leave to appeal Trans Mountain ruling
Tsleil-Waututh Nation, Ecojustice, Raincoast Conservation Foundation, Living Oceans Society seeking leave to appeal
by The Canadian PressA British Columbia First Nation and three environmental groups hope to appeal a Federal Court of Appeal decision that limited their ability to challenge the Trans Mountain pipeline expansion in court.
The Tsleil-Waututh Nation, Ecojustice, Raincoast Conservation Foundation and Living Oceans Society announced Tuesday they are seeking leave to appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada.
The Federal Court of Appeal decided in September that it would allow six First Nations, including the Tsleil-Waututh, to challenge the pipeline project but ruled arguments could only focus on the latest round of Indigenous consultation.
The Tsleil-Waututh says the court is wrong not to consider its arguments that Canada failed to justify infringement of its Aboriginal rights and title or obtain its consent for the B.C.-to-Alberta pipeline expansion.
WATCH: Protesters lock themselves to Washington port to block Trans Mountain pipeline shipment
The Federal Court refused to hear any of the environmental groups’ arguments, which urged the court to consider the project’s risk of a “catastrophic” oil spill and threats to endangered southern resident killer whales.
The Supreme Court does not automatically hear appeals and instead issues a written decision, usually within one to three months, on whether it will consider a case.
Chief Leah Sisi-ya-ama George-Wilson says in a news release the Tsleil-Waututh are confident in their case.
“This appeal is about making sure that the government follows (its) own constitution and statutes when making decisions that impact us all,” she says.
The Canadian government purchased the existing pipeline and infrastructure for $4.5 billion and construction on the expansion project resumed this summer.
The Canadian Press


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The documentation of the STLSoft libraries for the Digital Mars compiler is available in two forms:
A Win32 Compiled HTML Help module (.CHM) - stlsoft.chm - is located in the help subdirectory of the STLSoft part of your Digital Mars compiler distribution. This file is updated with each version of the Digital Mars C/C++ compiler.
For up-to-the-minute help, or to access help from a non-Windows system, you can access online help in the form of HTML (web-pages). This comes in two forms
Digital Mars have kindly provided the STLSoft newsgroup, which you're invited to visit and contribute questions, observations, criticisms and feature requests.
If you cannot find the information you require in the documentation, or on the newsgroup, you can look at the FAQ. Greg Peet has kindly volunteered his time, effort and server space to look after the STLSoft FAQ, which is located at stlsoft.gregpeet.com.
If you can't find what you want in the documentation, on the newsgroup, or in the FAQ, you are most welcome to
email your concerns to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>and we'll do our best to reply to you in a timely fashion. (We'll even try and give you a useful response, but that's not always guaranteed!)
Best regards, and good coding
| Author, "Imperfect C++", Addison-Wesley, 2004 | (http://www.imperfectcplusplus.com) | ||
| Contributing editor, C/C++ Users Journal | (http://www.synesis.com.au/articles.html#columns) | ||
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