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Subject


Lecture 29
Qi Wang, Department of Statistics
Oct 31, 2018
So, what if you need different probabilities for $X \sim N(\mu, \sigma)$? We'd need an infinite number of tables or a way to calculate the probabilities for infinite combination of and values. One way is through calculus (i.e. integrate the pdf) OR We standardize (convert) the particular normal distribution and use ONE TABLE for all.
$P(Z \le z-score)$ is what you will find on the Normal table. To use the table:
Use the Normal table to find the following probabilities:
If $X\sim N(\mu = 4, \sigma = 1.5)$, use the Normal table to find the following probabilities:


#include <heartRate.h>
◆ HEART_RATE()
| HEART_RATE::HEART_RATE |
( |
void |
| ) |
|
◆ checkForBeat()
| bool HEART_RATE::checkForBeat |
( |
int32_t |
sample | ) |
|
Heart Rate Monitor functions takes a sample value and the sample number A running average of four samples is recommended for display on the screen.
- Parameters
-
- Returns
- beatDetected True if a heart beat was detected False if no heart beat was detected
◆ getLastHR()
| int HEART_RATE::getLastHR |
( |
void |
| ) |
|
Get last calculated heart rate.
- Returns
- last calculated heart rate
◆ calcHR()
| void HEART_RATE::calcHR |
( |
void |
| ) |
|
|
private |
◆ averageDCEstimator()
| int16_t HEART_RATE::averageDCEstimator |
( |
int32_t * |
p, |
|
|
uint16_t |
x |
|
) |
| |
|
private |
Average DC Estimator
- Parameters
-
- Returns
- result ???
◆ lowPassFIRFilter()
| int16_t HEART_RATE::lowPassFIRFilter |
( |
int16_t |
din | ) |
|
|
private |
Low Pass FIR Filter
- Parameters
-
- Returns
- result ???
◆ mul16()
| int32_t HEART_RATE::mul16 |
( |
int16_t |
x, |
|
|
int16_t |
y |
|
) |
| |
|
private |
Integer multiplier
- Parameters
-
- Returns
- result ???
◆ lastBeat
| long HEART_RATE::lastBeat |
|
private |
Time at which last beat occured
◆ delta
Time between two heart beats
◆ beatsPerMinute
| int HEART_RATE::beatsPerMinute |
|
private |
◆ IR_AC_Max
| int16_t HEART_RATE::IR_AC_Max = 20 |
|
private |
◆ IR_AC_Min
| int16_t HEART_RATE::IR_AC_Min = -20 |
|
private |
◆ IR_AC_Signal_Current
| int16_t HEART_RATE::IR_AC_Signal_Current = 0 |
|
private |
◆ IR_AC_Signal_Previous
| int16_t HEART_RATE::IR_AC_Signal_Previous |
|
private |
◆ IR_AC_Signal_min
| int16_t HEART_RATE::IR_AC_Signal_min = 0 |
|
private |
◆ IR_AC_Signal_max
| int16_t HEART_RATE::IR_AC_Signal_max = 0 |
|
private |
◆ IR_Average_Estimated
| int16_t HEART_RATE::IR_Average_Estimated |
|
private |
◆ positiveEdge
| int16_t HEART_RATE::positiveEdge = 0 |
|
private |
◆ negativeEdge
| int16_t HEART_RATE::negativeEdge = 0 |
|
private |
◆ ir_avg_reg
| int32_t HEART_RATE::ir_avg_reg = 0 |
|
private |
◆ cbuf
| int16_t HEART_RATE::cbuf[32] |
|
private |
◆ offset
| uint8_t HEART_RATE::offset = 0 |
|
private |
The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:


| Uniplex 546 General Information
-
| Synonyms: |
TOTM; TEHTM; Trioctyl trimellitate; Tri-(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate; 2-ethylhexyl 3,4-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxycarbonyl]benzoate |
| Molecular Formula: |
C33H54O6 |
| CAS Registry No.: |
3319-31-1 |
| Chemical Category: |
Trimellitates |
| Moisture Content, wt. %: |
0.1 |
Usage and Performance Characteristics
-
| Manufacturer: |
Unitex Chemical Corporation |
| Outstanding Properties: |
Heat resistance, low volatility & migration, electric insulation |
| Used for Polymeric Materials: |
PVC |
| Used for Products: |
Wire & cable |
| Misc. Info on Composition: |
Contains approx 0.15% Topanol CA CAS# 1843-03-4 |
Physical Properties
-
| Specific Gravity: |
0.99 (20°C) |
| Aggregate State at 25°C: |
Liquid, oily |
| Tensile Strength, MPa: |
12.81 (60 phr) |
| 100% Modulus, MPa: |
11.3 (60 phr) |
| Boiling Point, °C: |
300.0 @ 0.67 kPa |
| Brittle Temperature, Tb, °C: |
-22 (60 phr) |
| Dielectric Constant at 1 MHz: |
4.9 |
| Shore A Hardness: |
85 (50 phr, 15 s) |
| Vapor Density, relative to H2: |
>10 |
Chemical Properties
Optical Properties
-
| Color, Platinum-Cobalt Scale: |
70 |
Hazard-Related Data
-
| OSHA Hazard Class: |
Not considered hazardous substance 29 CFR1910.1200 |
| Flash Point Temperature, °C: |
282.2 |
| HMIS Personal protection: |
Safety gloves, chemical goggles, protective clothing |
Environmental Parameters
-
| Biological Oxygen Demand, BOD, %: |
0.06 |
| Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD, g/g: |
2.37 |
| Octanol-Water Partition Coeff., log Kow: |
11.59 |
| Theoretical Oxygen Demand, ThOD, g/g: |
2.55 |
Animal Toxicity
-
| Mouse Oral, LD50, mg/kg: |
60,000 |
| Rabbit Dermal, LD50, mg/kg: |
1,980 |
Plasticizers Database (2nd Electronic Edition) Copyright © 2004 by ChemTec Publishing |


Big Party at Mickey's House
I invitation you in my party :). My best party is let's go at night. I buy drink, very many drink. It will be very big party.
Party needs:
Please accept our licence agreement and terms of use!


| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| Bins |
This class splits up BigDecimal plate stacks, plates, wells and well sets into
bins based on the input thresholds.
|
| CentralMoment |
This class pth central moment for plate stacks, plates, wells and well sets.
|
| Chunks |
This splits up big decimal plate stacks, plates, wells and well sets into sublists
of size p.
|
| CoefficientOfVariation |
This class calculates the coefficient of variation of big decimal plate stacks,
plates, wells and well sets as the square root of the unbiased sample variance.
|
| ContraharmonicMean |
This class calculates the contra-harmonic mean of BigDecimal plate stacks, plates,
wells and well sets.
|
| CumulativeProduct |
This class calculates the cumulative product of big decimal plate stacks,
plates, wells and well sets.
|
| CumulativeSum |
This class calculates the cumulative sum of big decimal plate stacks, plates,
wells and well sets.
|
| DescriptiveStatistic |
This class performs statistical operations for BigDecimal plate stacks, plates,
wells and well sets.
|
| DescriptiveStatisticContext |
This class performs statistical operations for BigDecimal plate stacks, plates,
wells and well sets.
|
| DescriptiveStatisticListContext |
This class performs statistical operations that return a list of BigDecimals as
a result for BigDecimal plate stacks, plates, wells and well sets.
|
| DescriptiveStatisticListWeightsContext |
This class performs weighted statistical operations for BigDecimal plate stacks,
plates, wells and well sets with calculate methods that return a list of BigDecimal
values.
|
| DescriptiveStatisticWeights |
This class performs weighted statistical operations for BigDecimal plate stacks,
plates, wells and well sets.
|
| DescriptiveStatisticWeightsContext |
This class performs weighted statistical operations for BigDecimal plate stacks,
plates, wells and well sets.
|
| Differences |
This class calculates the successive differences of big decimal plate stacks,
plates, wells and well sets.
|
| EqualBins |
This splits up big decimal plate stacks, plates, wells and well sets into
sublists into bins spaced evenly between the maximum and minimum values.
|
| GeometricMean |
This class calculates the geometric mean of BigDecimal plate stacks, plates,
wells and well sets as the nth root of the product of n numbers.
|
| HarmonicMean |
This class calculates the harmonic mean of BigDecimal plate stacks, plates,
wells and well sets.
|
| InterquartileRange |
This class calculates the inter-quartile range of BigDecimal plate stacks, plates,
wells and well sets.
|
| Kurtosis |
This class calculates the kurtosis of BigDecimal plate stacks, plates,
wells and well sets using the following unbiased formula:
[n * (n + 1) / (n - 1) * (n - 2) * (n - 3)] * SUMOF(Fourth Moment / (Standard Deviation)^2) where n is the number of values Statistical operations can be performed on stacks, plates, sets and wells using standard or aggregated functions. |
| Max |
This class returns the maximum value in a data set for BigDecimal plate stacks, plates,
wells and well sets.
|
| Mean |
This class calculates the mean of BigDecimal plate stacks, plates, wells and
well sets.
|
| MeanDeviation |
This class returns the maximum value in a data set for BigDecimal plate stacks,
plates, wells and well sets.
|
| Median |
This class calculates the median of BigDecimal plate stacks, plates,
wells and well sets.
|
| MedianDeviation |
This class calculates the median deviation of BigDecimal plate stacks, plates,
wells and well sets.
|
| Min |
This class returns the minimum value in a data set for BigDecimal plate stacks, plates,
wells and well sets.
|
| Mode |
This class returns the mode in a data set for big decimal plate stacks, plates,
wells and well sets.
|
| N |
This class returns the number of data points in BigDecimal plate stacks, plates,
wells and well sets.
|
| Percentile |
This class calculates percentiles for BigDecimal plate stacks, plates,
wells and well sets using the following steps:
|
| PopulationStandardDeviation |
This class calculates the population standard deviation of big decimal plate
stacks, plates, wells and well sets as the square root of the unbiased sample
variance.
|
| PopulationVariance |
This class calculates the population variance of BigDecimal plate stacks, plates,
wells and well sets as the sum of the second moment divided by the number of
values.
|
| PowerDeviation |
This class calculates the pth power deviation for big decimal plate stacks,
plates, wells and well sets.
|
| Product |
This class calculates the product of big decimal plate stacks, plates, wells
and well sets.
|
| Quantile |
This class calculates quantiles for big decimal plate stacks, plates,
wells and well sets using the following steps:
|
| QuantileStatisticBigDecimalsContext |
This class performs statistical operations for BigDecimal plate stacks, plates,
wells and well sets with calculate methods that accept a list and a double
as arguments.
|
| QuantileStatisticContext |
This class performs statistical operations for BigDecimal plate stacks, plates,
wells and well sets with calculate methods that accept a list and an integer
as arguments.
|
| QuantileStatisticListContext |
This class performs statistical operations for BigDecimal plate stacks, plates,
wells and well sets with calculate methods that accept a list and an integer
as arguments and return a list of lists.
|
| QuantileStatisticListsContext |
This class performs statistical operations for BigDecimal plate stacks, plates,
wells and well sets with calculate methods that accept two lists as arguments
and return a list of lists.
|
| QuartileDeviation |
This class calculates the quartile deviation of BigDecimal plate stacks, plates,
wells and well sets.
|
| Quartiles |
This class returns the quartiles for big decimal plate stacks, plates, wells
and well sets.
|
| QuartileSkewness |
This class calculates the quartile skewness of BigDecimal plate stacks, plates,
wells and well sets.
|
| RandomSample |
This class returns a random subset of the data values for big decimal plate stacks,
plates, wells and well sets.
|
| Range |
This class returns the range for big decimal plate stacks, plates, wells and well sets.
|
| SampleStandardDeviation |
This class calculates the sample standard deviation of big decimal plate
stacks, plates, wells and well sets as the square root of the unbiased sample
variance.
|
| SampleVariance |
This class calculates the sample variance of BigDecimal plate stacks, plates,
wells and well sets as the sum of the second moment divided by the number of
values less one.
|
| Shuffle |
This class shuffles the data values for big decimal plate stacks, plates, wells and
well sets.
|
| Skewness |
This class calculates the skewness of BigDecimal plate stacks, plates,
wells and well sets using the following unbiased formula:
[n / (n - 1) * (n - 2)] * SUMOF(Third Moment / (Standard Deviation)^3) where n is the number of values Statistical operations can be performed on stacks, plates, sets and wells using standard or aggregated functions. |
| StandardError |
This class calculates the standard error of big decimals plate stacks, plates,
wells and well sets as the square root of the unbiased sample variance.
|
| Sum |
This class calculates the sum of BigDecimal plate stacks, plates, wells and
well sets.
|
| SumOfSquares |
This class calculates the sum of square for BigDecimal plate stacks, plates, wells and
well sets.
|


Use the status property of a step to highlight and clarify wizard progress - completed steps, errors etc.
By default steps will be marked as finished or completed when you've passed them. If you want to handle step states
manually it's possible to do so using the markPassedAsSuccess
config option. It's also possible to set
other states using the setState
method provided by WizardSteps
.
The wizard supports the following states.
null
(emtpy)Set state for active step using the setState
method.
Set state of any step by passing the route path to the setState
method.
Clear all states with clearState
method.


Fixing a Bricked Unifi Security Gateway (USG)
I thought I was being real smart when I hooked up an eBay-bought 802.11af-compliant 12v POE extractor to my Unifi Security Gateway. The whole idea was to get rid of all the power-warts and AC-DC conversion devices hanging off my UPS to make the makeshift rack in my parent’s basement cleaner, in addition to making my router power-resettable through the Unifi control panel.
This genius scheme worked fine for the better part of a year, before this summer’s grueling heat took it’s toll on the extractor. Naturally, this all took place while I was thousands of kilometers away; luckily, power resets and cooling off the adaptor worked for a while, but at a certain point it gave up the ghost entirely, still drawing current from the switch but making a horrible pulsing sound.
The erratic power delivery was not very well received by my USG, which decided that it would no longer boot correctly, or really boot at all for that matter. The behaviour of the device was as follows:
- Interface lights would light up as per normal during the boot sequence
- Status LED would NOT light up at all, not even giving the usual boot-time flashing white
- As one would expect, the device would not ping or connect over SSH. A Wireshark scan also showed that it didn’t seem to set the LAN interface IP either to it’s last known provisionned value, or default value.
- Any form of reset, including a 30-30-30 reset would do absolutely nothing.
Browsing the UBNT Community forums showed that this was most likely a corrupt USB drive. The firmware on these devices is stored on a 4GB USB stick plugged in internally, as pictured here.
Luckily, I had a fresh, out-of-box sample USG with the board entirely out that I had bought to mock up in CAD for some bracket work I wanted to get done. I copied the fresh flash drive to my Mac using DD, imaged it back to the defective USB drive, plugged everything back in and got things working again. After about of minute of what is probably first-use initialisation on post-recovery power-on, the white light status light started flashing, and within normal booting time switch to solid, at which time the device had set it’s default IP address on the LAN interface and was accessible through it’s web UI.
The USB drive has the following partition layout:
I’m honestly surprised that it was decided to use a USB drive to hold the software. I’ve had tremendously bad luck with putting bootable software on USB drives; all my BSD-based appliances ate drives at a rate where I quickly found myself using 3 or 4 drive mirror setups to make sure that drive failure wouldn’t break my stuff. However, the advantage is that I didn’t have to break out a serial cable for some complicated console-based restore process, which is fine by me since just FINDING my serial adaptor would have been much longer than DD’ing a 4GB flash drive was.
Recognizing the uncanny way in which I somehow dodged Murphy’s Law by having a fresh spare on hand, I decided to thank the IT gods by making the image available here. Version info on the restore device told me this is firmware v4.3.33, the older-style firmware with less configurtion options available to an un-adopted device.
You can download the image here.
Checksum is as follows:
4e0b64d224f818102c53b37fd4051f2d ./niFiSecurityGateway.ER-e120.v<IP_ADDRESS>36086.161203.2031.img.gz (MD5)
You can DD this image directly without specifying any block size, which worked just fine for me.
IMPORTANT NOTE ON COMPATIBILITY: I am unaware of any potential incompatiblities with hardware or low-level firmware between the software I uploaded and whatever your USG might be running. What I know is that there did not appear to be incompatibility issues going from firmware 4.4.22 back down to 4.3.33. Use at your own risk. Both units used a PCB that was marked “Copyright 2014”, despite being purchased years from one another.
Bottom line: Power matters. If you want to centralize power, get a decent rackmount power supply in the appropriate voltages, and if control is what you want, get a relay setup.


Convulsions, Vomiting Blood.
Some friends of mine and myself had been turned on to 5-MeO-DMT for the first time while on vacation in San Francisco. Upon our return to LA, my friends invested in a quantity of it, for personal use and also to share with friends. We are all experienced travellers, and had glowing first encounters with the substance.
We gathered at the home of a friend with a group to 'share the love'. The person who had ordered the 5-MeO had purchased a digital scale, though its smallest unit of measurement was .01 g. He took ~3 doses over the course of a week, and by the time of this event, was very comfortable with his ability to measure a proper dose (assumed to be .01 g)
There were 6 people in the group taking the drug that day - I was busy with homework and was occupied in another room, though I did stop in to check on the gang at one point early in the encounter. They were set up in a circle in the our host's bedroom, which was small but comfortable. My boyfriend, who had used it before, went first, followed by the first timers. Only 3 more people would do it that day.
The first two people to go had positive experiences. I left the room when my friend, 'G.', was having his dose loaded into the pipe. A few minutes later, I was disturbed by a commotion from upstairs: a banging sound, followed by elevated voices.
Immediately, I dropped my things and went upstairs.
I have been very lucky in that, in my several years of drug use, few of my friends have been in what I would call real danger. I have seen people lose consciousness, and I have talked people down from some fairly bad acid experiences. But I have never seen any reaction as violent as this.
'G' had moved from a sitting position on the bed to a flailing half fetal position, close to falling on the floor. His eyes were bugged, his face red, and he was making groaning noises. His breathing had become shallow and halting shortly after taking his hit, and shortly thereafter he retched and vomited. The vomit contained more than a little blood, which hung in strings from his face and slicked the floor. His breathing was labored at this point, aided by his girlfriend, 'R,' who had put her fingers in his mouth to prevent him from biting his tongue.
The whole time, she was encouraging him to keep breathing, and telling him that she loved him... He shook and twitched, totally unresponsive. She managed to get her fingers out of his mouth and replaced them with a jewel case.
Then the screaming began.
At this point, he was almost in a pile on the floor. He began to twitch and kick violently, and R lost her grasp. At this point, we grabbed him and pinned his limbs to the bed, waiting for the paramedics to come.
I had grabbed his left arm, and really had to hold on to keep his thrashing contained. His eyes were wide open, and he let forth these long, drawn out primal screams. I have never seen anything like it. It wasnt quite terror - but it was pretty scary to the people watching. Though he was quite red in the face, at least he had found the breath to yell with.
Shortly thereafter, we heard sirens approaching. I went downstairs to greet the paramedics and explain the situation. Convulsing, vomiting blood, screaming, and unresponsive to his name.
I didnt go back upstairs, but it was about 5-10 minutes before G, his arms draped across a paramedic on each side, exited the building on his own two feet. Needless to say, everyone was relieved.
Later, G felt great. He came home from the emergency room and recorded a bit with his band later that evening. 'Jeez, you guys!' He said, 'A little bit of convulsing and you call 911!  He was kidding, but he really felt great.
His experience, apparently, was not at all negative. He relayed space journies and encounters with elves that are his story to tell, not mine.
The night before all this happened, G had spend several hours drinking alcohol. He also snorted an unknown quantity of MDMA. His stomach was empty except for some SAM-e ( a supplement) and 2 bananas.
The pipe had been passed between 3 people before it came to him, and may have contained residue from the prior hits, making his dose higher than average.
What did I take from all of this? I'm looking forward to taking 5-MeO again in the future, but it is something that I will never do alone. I advise all people, especially if this is their first time,to be respectful of their body before ingesting this (or any other) heavy psychoactive chemical. Dont drink the night before, wait a few weeks between doses of this and any other drug, eat lightly and stay hydrated.
G later compared his experience to 'Taking a cosmic voyage and forgetting to leave the life support on..' Though he has said he would do it again in the future, he is grateful for our assistance and knows how easily he could have been hurt.
Please be careful!
It is very essential to add anti-histamines to the list of control factors. The ingestion of an over the counter anti-histamine (benydryl), which was the only control factor not shared by others during the experience, and the unnatural dialation of the bronchial tubes may have contributed to or caused the negative experience.
[Erowid Note: Erowid crew members have witnesed similar dissociated & convulsing reactions to smoked 5MeO-DMT before, although with no vomiting. Strangely, one person who experienced this enjoyed the experience and repeated it quite a few times, telling others 'I flop around a lot.' He seemed unaware of how frightening the experience was for others to watch him undergo and he felt fine afterwards, as with the individual described above. With substances with active doses as low as 5MeO-DMT it is especially important to start low and work up the dose.]
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


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GHOST DOG: THE WAY OF THE SAMURAI A film review by Steve Rhodes Copyright 2000 Steve Rhodes RATING (0 TO ****): ** 1/2
Writer/director Jim Jarmusch's movies are frequently described as an acquired taste, as in a taste that most viewers will never have nor care to. Personally, I have found some of his movies (DEAD MAN) absolutely mesmerizing and worth many viewings and others (STRANGER THAN PARADISE) almost unwatchable. His latest, GHOST DOG: THE WAY OF THE SAMURAI, falls somewhere in-between for me.
Blending equal parts of movies such as THE SEVEN SAMURAI, GOODFELLAS, BOYZ N THE HOOD and HIGH NOON, GHOST DOG tells the story of a modern-day samurai named Ghost Dog (Forest Whitaker). Ghost Dog, a ghetto-dwelling owner of carrier pigeons, works as the retainer of a Mafioso master, Louie (John Tormey), who once saved his life. Having done a dozen contract killings with absolute perfection, Ghost Dog is an ideal employee.
The story has the mob hunting down Ghost Dog when one of his contracts goes bad, through no fault of his own.
As the movie advances, it stops regularly for long passages of the samurai code to be displayed on the screen. These are read in voice-over by Ghost Dog, who tries to live his life according to the beliefs of the samurai. ("Matters of great concern should be treated lightly. Matters of small concern should be taken seriously.") The problem with the passages is that many are obtuse, and frequently their relationship to the action is relatively minimal.
The film works best when it goes for dead-pan comedy. "They whacked him," one of the wise guys remarks to another after a close relative is killed. "What are you gonna do?" This fatalistic humor resonates with the audience, but it doesn't occur nearly often enough. The visuals of the "made men", who've never met a cannoli they didn't like, trying to run up stairs are funny, as are the scenes of these would-be sumo wrestlers bonding with each other with lots of bear hugs.
Is there a market for self-consciously stylish movies about gangsters if the films operate in what seems like slow-motion? Jarmusch's die hard fans will certainly want to see GHOST DOG. To the others who find themselves watching it, they may think that Jarmusch got one of the samurai rules ("Emptiness is form.") turned around.
GHOST DOG: THE WAY OF THE SAMURAI runs 1:55. It is rated R for strong violence and language and would be acceptable for older teenagers.
Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Web: http://www.InternetReviews.com
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block page_title %} GOV.UK prototyping kit {% endblock %} {% block propositionHeader %} {% include "includes/propositional_navigation.html" %} {% endblock %} {% block content %} Home Jobcentre Benefit centre Admin Stats Home > Jobcentre > NJI capture Jobcentre - Claim #310 - A Harmon Basic search Advanced search New record Edit record NJI capture Appointments Closure Interview Work Coach assigned Select Rachel Smith Derek Brown Julie McDairly Paul Bombean Sarah Flannigan Evidence verification P45 Home office letters Wage slips Bank details Verification of student loan/grant Cycle (read-only) P R Submit ID verification Passport Driving licence Utility bill Signing type Daily Weekly Fortnightly Date Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 Time Hour 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Min 00 10 20 30 40 50 {% endblock %}
Home > Jobcentre > NJI capture


Break The Menstrual Taboo
October 16, 2017
Menstruation is
the proper word for a period, the lining of the uterus breaking down and
exiting the body through the vagina. The menstruation cycle is the series of
events relating to menstruation that happens every month. The lining of the
uterus is formed, the egg is released, when fertilization doesn't occur the
lining breaks down and you have your period, then the lining starts to form
again...
Read More


Constructor
# new HasRolesAndClaims(mongoose)
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
mongoose |
A mongoose connection object |
Methods
# async allow(claimName)
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
claimName |
String | represents the claim you want to assign to a user |
View Source HasRolesAndClaims.js, line 31
Usage
let user = await UserModel.findOne({name: "chioma"});
await UserModel.allow("claimname"});
# async assign(roleName)
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
roleName |
string | represents the role you want to assign to a user |
View Source HasRolesAndClaims.js, line 90
Usage
let user = await UserModel.findOne({name: "chioma"});
await user.assign("rolename");
# async can(claimName)
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
claimName |
string | represents the claim name |
View Source HasRolesAndClaims.js, line 153
Usage
let user = await UserModel.findOne({name: "chioma"});
let userHasClaim = await user.can("claim");
if (userHasClaim) {
console.log("I have the claim");
}
# async cannot(claimName)
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
claimName |
string | represents the claim name |
View Source HasRolesAndClaims.js, line 192
Usage
let user = await UserModel.findOne({name: "chioma"});
let noClaim = await user.cannot("claim");
if (noClaim) {
console.log("I do not have the claim");
}
# async disallow(claimName)
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
claimName |
string | represents the claim you want to retract from a user #### Usage ``` let user = await UserModel.findOne({name: "chioma"}); await user.disallow("claim"); ``` |
View Source HasRolesAndClaims.js, line 59
Usage
let user = await UserModel.findOne({name: "chioma"});
await user.dissallow("claim");
# async getClaimsForUser()
View Source HasRolesAndClaims.js, line 347
Usage
let user = await UserModel.findOne({name: "chioma"});
let claims = await user.getClaimsForUser();
# async getRolesForUser()
View Source HasRolesAndClaims.js, line 312
Usage
let user = await UserModel.findOne({name: "chioma"});
let roles = await user.getRolesForUser();
# async isA(roleName)
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
roleName |
string | represents the role name |
View Source HasRolesAndClaims.js, line 231
Usage
let user = await UserModel.findOne({name: "chioma"});
let userHasRole = await user.isA("role");
if (userHasRole) {
console.log("User belongs to role");
}
# async isAn(roleName)
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
roleName |
string | representing the role name |
View Source HasRolesAndClaims.js, line 257
Usage
let user = await UserModel.findOne({name: "chioma"});
let userHasRole = await user.isAn("role");
if (userHasRole) {
console.log("User belongs to role");
}
# async isNotA(roleName)
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
roleName |
string | represents the role name |
View Source HasRolesAndClaims.js, line 273
Usage
let user = await UserModel.findOne({name: "chioma"});
let result = await user.isNotA("role");
if (result) {
console.log("User does not belong to role");
}
# async isNotAn(roleName)
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
roleName |
string | represents the role name #### Usage ``` let user = await User.findOne({name: "chioma"}); let result = await user.isNotAn("role"); if (result){ //user does not belongs to role } ``` |
View Source HasRolesAndClaims.js, line 299
Usage
let user = await UserModel.findOne({name: "chioma"});
let result = await user.isNotAn("role");
if (result) {
console.log("User does not belong to role");
}
# async retract(roleName)
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
roleName |
string | represents the role you want to retract from the user |
View Source HasRolesAndClaims.js, line 120
Usage
let user = await UserModel.findOne({name: "chioma"});
await user.retract("role");


---
title: Series
permalink: "/series/"
layout: default
excerpt: Series on Thỏ nấu cơm® Magazine.
---
{% assign seriesPosts = site.posts | where_exp: "item", "item.series" | group_by_exp: "post", "post.series" %}
{% for series in seriesPosts %}
{% assign pSeries = site.data.series[series.name] %}
-
{{ pSeries.name }}
{{ series.items | size }}
{% endfor %}
{% for series in seriesPosts %}
{% assign pSeries = site.data.series[series.name] %}
{{ pSeries.name }}{{ series.items | size }}
{{ pSeries.description | markdownify }}
Back to Top ↑
{% endfor %}


---
layout: default
title: KNUST YouthMappers
---
KNUST YouthMappers is a chapter of the global YouthMappers network located in the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in Kumasi, Ghana.
KNUST YouthMappers
We strive to exchange and collaborate with other YouthMappers chapters and youth groups worldwide while offering ourselves as a resource and service to KNUST student organisations to add value through mapping. We aim to build a community which is diverse, passionate, and growing every day.
The purpose of KNUST YouthMappers is to grant students the opportunity to improve skills in the field of mapping and create open geographic data and analyses that address locally defined development challenges as well as global ones.
Our vision is to cultivate a generation of young people to become leaders in creating resilient communities, and empowering them to define their world by mapping it.
The purpose of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology YouthMappers is to use open source data and GIS technologies to map potential disaster areas, provide resources for emergency management, connect its members with open source and GIS organisations, and serve any upcoming needs of our project partners and the open source mapping community.
The ultimate measure of a sheep is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy.
Sign up to hear the latest news and progress in our fight for the sheep vote.


T
- The type of object to which the operations is applied. In this case T should extend the AbstractDataType
classpublic class SimOperationManager<T extends AbstractDataType> extends GenericOperationManager<T>
OperationManager.StatusType
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
private static org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger |
logger |
private static java.util.UUID |
NIL_UUID |
private java.util.UUID |
objectId
Identifier of the object which is
|
private java.util.UUID |
operationId
Identifier for the operation
|
private java.util.UUID |
referenceId
Identifier for the operations which prompted the creation of this operation
|
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
SimOperationManager(OperationManager.StatusType status,
AbstractOperation operation,
java.util.UUID objectId,
java.lang.Class<T> objectClass)
Instantiates a new operation manager.
|
SimOperationManager(OperationManager.StatusType status,
AbstractOperation operation,
java.util.UUID objectId,
java.util.UUID referenceId,
java.lang.Class<T> objectClass)
Instantiates a new operation manager.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
SimOperationManager<T> |
copy()
Generate and return a near copy of this class instance including the operation identifier
|
SimOperationManager<T> |
copy(OperationManager.StatusType status)
Generate and return a copy of this class instance including the operation identifier but with the given status type
|
boolean |
equals(java.lang.Object obj) |
java.util.UUID |
getObjectId()
Gets the ID reference value of the object for which the operation applies
|
java.util.UUID |
getOperationId()
Retrieve the identifier for this operation
|
java.util.UUID |
getReferenceId()
Retrieve the identifier for the operation which prompted the creation of this operation.
|
protected java.lang.String |
getSegment()
Get the string segment for rendering the OperationManager portions of this class instance
|
int |
hashCode() |
SimOperationManager<T> |
mimic()
Generate and return a near copy of this class instance including the operation identifier, In this case a new
operation identifier is set
|
SimOperationManager<T> |
mimic(OperationManager.StatusType status)
Generate and return a near copy of this class instance including the operation identifier, In this case a new
operation identifier is set, and a new status is given through the argument list
|
getObjectClass
compareTo, getOperation, getStatus, isCreated, isDeleted, toString
private static final org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger logger
private static final java.util.UUID NIL_UUID
private final java.util.UUID objectId
private final java.util.UUID operationId
private final java.util.UUID referenceId
public SimOperationManager(OperationManager.StatusType status, AbstractOperation operation, java.util.UUID objectId, java.lang.Class<T> objectClass)
status
- Status of the operation being managed, either APPROVED, PENDING or REJECTEDobjectId
- the object idobjectClass
- the object classoperation
- the operationpublic SimOperationManager(OperationManager.StatusType status, AbstractOperation operation, java.util.UUID objectId, java.util.UUID referenceId, java.lang.Class<T> objectClass)
status
- Status of the operation being managed, either APPROVED, PENDING or REJECTEDoperation
- the operationobjectId
- the object idreferenceId
- Identifier of the operation which initiated this operationobjectClass
- the object classpublic java.util.UUID getObjectId()
public java.util.UUID getOperationId()
public java.util.UUID getReferenceId()
public SimOperationManager<T> copy()
public SimOperationManager<T> copy(OperationManager.StatusType status)
status
- Status value for the new copy which should be used in lieu of that in this instancepublic SimOperationManager<T> mimic()
public SimOperationManager<T> mimic(OperationManager.StatusType status)
status
- Status value for the new copy which should be used in lieu of that in this instancepublic boolean equals(java.lang.Object obj)
equals
in class GenericOperationManager<T extends AbstractDataType>
public int hashCode()
hashCode
in class GenericOperationManager<T extends AbstractDataType>
protected java.lang.String getSegment()
OperationManager
getSegment
in class GenericOperationManager<T extends AbstractDataType>


|
Dear {%firstname%} {%lastname%},
Thank you for booking your reservation on our website! Your vacation rental is now on hold for you, a vacation planner will be contacting you in the next 24 hours to confirm the details of your reservation.
Your confirmation number is {%confirmation%}.
{%intro%}
|


Django security sample app
Insecure Upload file
Upload file
Insecure User Creation
Secure User Creation
{% block content %}{% endblock %}


WITNESS LIST Energy Resources Committee May 21, 1998-10:00A Railroad Commission of Texas On: Carolyn Cook (RRC) David Schieck (RRC) Jerry Martin (RRC) Leslie Savage (RRC) Mike Regan (RRC) SECO LoanStar Program On: Andrew J. Saleh (Himself) Texas Energy Coordination Council On: Jerry Matthews (TECC)


species_mix-class.Rd
Fits a finite mixture model to identify species archetype models (SAMs).
This function runs the 'species_mix' function but it iterates through groups (1 to 10) by default.
species_mix(archetype_formula = NULL, species_formula = stats::as.formula(~1), data, n_mixtures = 3, distribution = "bernoulli", offset = NULL, weights = NULL, control = species_mix.control(), inits = NULL, standardise = FALSE, titbits = TRUE) species_mix.fit(y, X, G, S, spp_weights, site_spp_weights, offset, y_is_na = NULL, distribution_numeric, control, inits = NULL) species_mix.multifit(archetype_formula = NULL, species_formula = ~1, data, distribution = "bernoulli", nstart = 10, n_mixtures = 3, offset = NULL, weights = NULL, control = species_mix.control(), inits = NULL, standardise = FALSE) species_mix.control(maxit = 1000, quiet = FALSE, trace = 1, cores = 1, residuals = FALSE, init_method = "kmeans", init_sd = 1, em_prefit = TRUE, em_steps = 3, em_refit = 3, em_maxit = 3, em_abstol = sqrt(.Machine$double.eps), em_reltol = reltol_fun, em_maxtau = 0.8, em_calculate_hessian = FALSE, em_full_model = FALSE, r1 = 1, maxit_cpp = 1000, trace_cpp = 0, nreport_cpp = 1, abstol_cpp = sqrt(.Machine$double.eps), reltol_cpp = sqrt(.Machine$double.eps), conv_cpp = 1, printparams_cpp = 0, optimise_cpp = 1, loglOnly_cpp = 0, derivOnly_cpp = 0, getscores_cpp = 0, calculate_hessian_cpp = TRUE, ...) simulate_species_mix_data(archetype_formula, species_formula, dat, theta, distribution = "bernoulli") species_mix_estimate_groups(archetype_formula = NULL, species_formula = ~1, data, n_mixtures = 1:10, distribution = "bernoulli", offset = NULL, weights = NULL, control = species_mix.control(), inits = NULL, standardise = FALSE)
| species_formula | an object of class "formula" (or an object that can be
coerced to that class). The right hand side of this formula specifies the
dependence of the species"'" data on covariates (typically different covariates
to |
|---|---|
| n_mixtures | The number of mixing components (groups) to fit. |
| distribution | The family of statistical distribution to use within the ecomix models. a choice between "bernoulli", "poisson", "ippm" (inhomogeneous Poisson point process model), "negative_binomial", "tweedie" and "gaussian" distributions are possible and applicable to specific types of data. |
| offset | a numeric vector of length nrow(data) (n sites) that is included into the model as an offset. It is included into the conditional part of the model where conditioning is performed on the SAM. |
| weights | a numeric vector of length ncol(Y) (n species) that is used as weights in the log-likelihood calculations. If NULL (default) then all weights are assumed to be identically 1. Because we are estimating the log-likelihood over species (rather than sites), the weights should be a vector n species long. The exception is under the use of the 'ippm' distribution where weights must be a nrow(data)*n_species matrix, which provides a species-specific background weights used to estimate the species-specific marginal likelihoods. |
| control | a list of control parameters for optimisation and calculation.
See details. From |
| inits | NULL a numeric vector that provides approximate starting values for species_mix coefficents. These are distribution specific, but at a minimum you will need pis (additive_logitic transformed), alphas (intercepts) and betas (mixing coefs). |
| y | is a matrix genertated from model.response containing the species information. The matrix has the dimensions n_sites * n_species. |
| X | is a design matrix for the archetype_formula dimension n_sites * n_covariates. |
| G | is the number of species archetypes that are being estimated. |
| S | is the number of species to be modelled (this will be calculated internally in species_mix()) |
| spp_weights | These are weights on the species logls and are specifically used in the Bayesian Boostrap. |
| site_spp_weights | These are site and species specific weights. For most distributions these will be the same across all species. But this form is required to correctly estiamte the IPPMs. See species_mix for more details. |
| y_is_na | This is a logical matrix used specifically with 'ippm' modelling - don't worry about this, it'll be worked out for you. Yay! |
| distribution_numeric | the error distribution to used in species_mix estimation. Currently, 'bernoulli', 'poisson', 'ippm' (Poisson point process), 'negative_binomial' and 'guassian' are avaliable - internal conversion of distribution to a integer. |
| maxit | Maximum number of evaluations of the objective function allowed. Defaults to 500. |
| trace | int 1=model will report parameter estimates and loglikelihood at each iteration. 0=quite. |
| cores | The number of cores to use in fitting of species mix models. These will be largely used to model the species-specific parameteres. |
| residuals | logical if TRUE model will estimate residuals. |
| em_prefit | Logical if TRUE the model will run a slower EM algorithim fit to find starting values. |
| em_steps | int Default is 3, the number of EM iterations to get to starting values. |
| em_refit | int Default is 1, number of times to refit using EM. |
| dat | a matrix of variables to simulate data from. |
| theta | coefficents for each species archetype. Matrix of G x number of parameters. Each row is a different species archetype. |
| archetype_fromula | an object of class "formula" (or an object that can be coerced to that class). The response variable (left hand side of the formula) needs to be either 'presence', 'occurrence', 'abundance', 'biomass' or 'quantity' data. The type of reponse data will help specify the type of error distribution to be used. The dependent variables (the right hind side) of this formula specifies the dependence of the species archetype probabilities on covariates. For all model the basic formula structure follows something like this: cbind(spp1,spp2,spp3)~1+temperature+rainfall |
| model_data | a matrix of dataframe which contains the 'species_data' matrix, a const and the covariates in the strucute of spp1, spp2, spp3, const, temperature, rainfall. dims of matirx should be nsites*(nspecies+const+covariates). |
| offset | this is a vector of site specific offsets, this might be something like area sampled at sites. |
| control | this is a list of control parameters that alter the specifics of model fitting. See species_mix.control for details. |
| inits | This will be a vector of starting values for species_mix (i.e you've fitted a model and want to refit it). |
| quite | Should any reporting be performed? Default is FALSE, for reporting. |
| reltol | function that determines the relative tolernace for model convergence. Default is quite strict. |
| calculate_hessian | logical if TRUE model will numerically estimate the variance covariance matrix. |
| archtype_formula | formula to simulate species_mix data, needs to have the format: cbind(spp1,spp2,spp3,...,sppN)~1 + x1 + x2 |
| species_formula | formula to simulate species_mix species-specific responses, e.g: ~1 |
| distribution | Which statistical distribution to simulate data for. 'bernoulli', 'gaussian', 'ippm', 'negative_binomial','poisson' and 'tweedie'. |
species_mix is used to fit mixtures of glms to multivariate species data. The function uses BFGS to optimise the mixture likelihood. There is the option to use EM algorithm to get appropriate starting parameters. `species_mix` acts as a wrapper for fitmix.cpp that allows for easier data input. The data frames are merged into the appropriate format for the use in fitmix.cpp. Minima is found using vmmin (BFGS). Currently 'bernoulli', 'poisson', 'ippm' (inhomogenous Poisson point process), 'negative_binomial' and 'tweedie' distributions can be fitted using the species_mix function.
# NOT RUN { library(ecomix) set.seed(42) sam_form <- stats::as.formula(paste0('cbind(',paste(paste0('spp',1:20),collapse = ','),")~1+x1+x2")) sp_form <- ~ 1 theta <- matrix(c(1,-2.9,-3.6,1,-0.9,1,1,.9,7.9),3,3,byrow=TRUE) dat <- data.frame(y=rep(1,100),x1=stats::runif(100,0,2.5),x2=stats::rnorm(100,0,2.5)) dat[,-1] <- scale(dat[,-1]) simulated_data <- simulate_species_mix_data(archetype_formula=sam_form, species_formula=sp_form, dat,theta,dist="bernoulli") model_data <- make_mixture_data(species_data = simulated_data$species_data, covariate_data = simulated_data$covariate_data[,-1]) fm1 <- species_mix(sam_form, sp_form, model_data, distribution = 'bernoulli', n_mixtures=3) # }# NOT RUN { fmods <- species_mix.multifit(sam_form, sp_form, model_data, distribution = 'bernoulli', nstarts = 10, n_mixtures=3) # }# NOT RUN { archetype_formula <- stats::as.formula(paste0('cbind(',paste(paste0('spp',1:20),collapse = ','),")~1+x1+x2")) theta <- matrix(c(-0.9,-0.6,0.5,1,-0.9,1,0.9,-0.9,2.9,-1,0.2,-0.4),4,3,byrow=TRUE) dat <- data.frame(y=rep(1,100),x1=stats::runif(100,0,2.5),x2=stats::rnorm(100,0,2.5)) simulated_data <- simulate_species_mix_data(archetype_formula,~1,dat,theta,dist="bernoulli") # }


Sends keystrokes to the active application just as if they were typed at the keyboard.
Syntax
SEND.KEYS(key_text, wait_logical)
Note This function is available only in Microsoft Excel for Windows.
Key_text is the key or key combination you want to send to another application. The format for key_text is described in the ON.KEY function.
Wait_logical is a logical value that determines whether the macro continues before the actions caused by key_text are carried out.
If wait_logical is TRUE, Microsoft Excel waits for the keys to be processed before returning control to the macro.
If wait_logical is FALSE or omitted, the macro continues running without waiting for the keys to be processed.
Remarks
If Microsoft Excel is the active application, wait_logical is assumed to be FALSE, even if you enter wait_logical as TRUE. This is because if wait_logical is TRUE, Microsoft Excel waits for the keys to be processed in the other application before returning control to the macro. Microsoft Excel doesn't process keys while a macro is running.
Example
The following macro uses the Calculator application in Microsoft Excel for Windows to multiply some numbers, and then cuts the result and pastes it into Microsoft Excel.
=EXEC("CALC.EXE", 1)
=SEND.KEYS("10*30", TRUE)
=SEND.KEYS("~", TRUE)
=SEND.KEYS("%ec", TRUE)
=APP.ACTIVATE(, FALSE)
=SELECT(!B1)
=PASTE()
=RETURN()
Related Functions
APP.ACTIVATE Switches to an application
EXECUTE Carries out a command in another application
ON.KEY Runs a macro when a specified key is pressed
Return to index


'ProPublica' <https://projects.propublica.org/represent/> makes United States Congress member votes available and has developed their own unique cartogram to visually represent this data. Tools are provided to retrieve voting data, prepare voting data for plotting with 'ggplot2', create vote cartograms and theme them.
| Version: | 0.3.1 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 3.2.0) |
| Imports: | ggplot2, dplyr, scales, jsonlite, utils |
| Suggests: | testthat, covr, knitr, rmarkdown |
| Published: | 2018-09-16 |
| Author: | Bob Rudis [aut, cre], ProPublica [cph] (Cartogram SVGs used to make the plot data.frames), GovTrack [cph] (Cartogram SVG used to make the plot data.frame) |
| Maintainer: | Bob Rudis <bob at rud.is> |
| BugReports: | https://github.com/hrbrmstr/voteogram/issues |
| License: | AGPL |
| URL: | https://github.com/hrbrmstr/voteogram |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Materials: | NEWS |
| CRAN checks: | voteogram results |
| Reference manual: | voteogram.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
Introduction to the voteogram package |
| Package source: | voteogram_0.3.1.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: voteogram_0.3.1.zip, r-release: voteogram_0.3.1.zip, r-oldrel: voteogram_0.3.1.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: voteogram_0.3.1.tgz, r-oldrel: voteogram_0.3.1.tgz |
| Old sources: | voteogram archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=voteogram to link to this page.


Here is a collection of my favorite quotes that are randomly displayed when you click on the button below. This was a project I did from FreeCodeCamp to work on my front end jQuery/Javascript skills.


The assignment for this week is to produce the Hello World board, adding at least a button and an LED to the original design, using some of the proposed software. Furthermore we should investigate the tools needed to simulate electronic designs.
I use Eagle freeware version to redesign the hello board. To work with Fab inventory components it is necessary to download the eagle libraries from Fab Lab Providence' tutorial.
I started studying basic tutorials of Eagle following mainly the process as the video and reading the Data Sheet of each component that interested me.
After loading the library in Eagle and opening the Hello World board I started to re-design the bord:
- I decided to put two LEDs 1206 (Osram Opto CHIPLED 1206 Series Red LED and Osram Opto CHIPLED 1206 Series Yellow LED) and a Button (Black Button Tactile Switch, SPST-NO 0.05 A@ 12 V dc 1.4mm). After reading the Data Sheet I calculated and chose the appropriate Resistors 1206 (I=V/R);
- I placed all the extra-components over the schematics and I assigned each net-structure to the pins of the microcontroller, to the GNR and to the VCC;
- Into the board panel I distributed all the components. Then I skip and create ease connections: I have studied the connections and the components to Hello board and I tried to follow the same order to add my custom components;
- To create the "traces.png" file I turned off all layers except for top layer into Eagle. After going to file> export> image and I chose 600 dpi resolution and I checked the button Monochrome;
- After created my .png traces file I opened it into Photoshop and I edited cutting the extra black parts on the borders and then I added change the canvas size expanding 20px for each side of the area;
- I Duplicated the same file and I selected the white border. Painted it black and then "select inverse" to painted the other area white.
Using these files processed by Fab Modules and the same procedure utilized for FABISP, I milled the new borad with Roland SRM-20 ( I had a problem of size of the tracks using the fab modules, but I solved directly on the board cut manually the wrong parts and fixed the file increasing the distances) and then I soldered each components. Using a tester I checked the circuit and components, but not everything worked: I had to change the red LED because I burned it and re-soldered the 6 pin header.
Using Fritzing and 123D Circuits I tested and simulated the circuit before building it.
Eagle:
- hello_marco.sch (hello_marco.rar)
- hello_marco.brd (hello_marco.rar)
PNG:
Programs: CS Eagle, 123D Circuits, Fritzing, Photoshop.
Machinery: Roland SRM-20.


PlayerNameLabel(text: String = "", style: LabelStyle? = null)
Label used for player names around the table picture


| PostgreSQL 9.4.1 Documentation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Prev | Up | Appendix F. Additional Supplied Modules | Next |
test_shm_mq is an example of how to use dynamic shared memory and the shared memory message queue facilities to coordinate a user backend with the efforts of one or more background workers. It is not intended to do anything useful on its own; rather, it is a demonstration of how these facilities can be used, and a unit test of those facilities.
The function is this extension send the same message repeatedly through a loop of processes. The message payload, the size of the message queue through which it is sent, and the number of processes in the loop are configurable. At the end, the message may be verified to ensure that it has not been corrupted in transmission.
test_shm_mq(queue_size int8, message text, repeat_count int4 default 1, num_workers int4 default 1) RETURNS void
This function sends and receives messages synchronously. The user backend sends the provided message to the first background worker using a message queue of the given size. The first background worker sends the message to the second background worker, if the number of workers is greater than one, and so forth. Eventually, the last background worker sends the message back to the user backend. If the repeat count is greater than one, the user backend then sends the message back to the first worker. Once the message has been sent and received by all the coordinating processes a number of times equal to the repeat count, the user backend verifies that the message finally received matches the one originally sent and throws an error if not.
test_shm_mq_pipelined(queue_size int8, message text, repeat_count int4 default 1, num_workers int4 default 1, verify bool default true) RETURNS void
This function sends the same message multiple times, as specified by the repeat count, to the first background worker using a queue of the given size. These messages are then forwarded to each background worker in turn, in each case using a queue of the given size. Finally, the last background worker sends the messages back to the user backend. The user backend uses non-blocking sends and receives, so that it may begin receiving copies of the message before it has finished sending all copies of the message. The verify argument controls whether or not the received copies are checked against the message that was sent. (This takes nontrivial time so it may be useful to disable it for benchmarking purposes.)


@@include('../partials/globals/header.html')
@@include('../partials/globals/leftN.html')
@@include('../partials/components/underlined-title.html', { "iconTitle": "", "textTitle": "installation parts" })
Portage and Main Boilers are educated on all necessary parts needed to complete your install!
The standard chunk of Lorem Ipsum used since the 1500s is reproduced below for those interested. Sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 from "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum" by Cicero are also reproduced in their exact original form, accompanied by English versions from the 1914 translation by H. Rackham.


About
Will's Nerds is a simple project by Will. It is an archive / collection of his friends' profile when Will met during 2016~2019. Will realized that he made a lot of great and amazing friends (in / outside his school) and since they were so great he wanted to make something special that is memorable for all.
The name 'Will's Nerds' was born after two of his friends: Jung and Chris (Kristoff Liebermann). Jung is a designer and a automotive lover. She loves car so much, to the point where you cannot imagine. Will even thought that when she doesn't get married to a human being, she will get married to the car. Chris (Kristoff Liebermann) is mixture of everything: Australian + Singaporean + America + Canada + Birds. Oh yes, he loves birds. Also one thing to remember is that he loves Obama so much, which was the actual reason coming to this school. He's the only one who was able to shook hands with Obama. He loves Obama. Will is definitely glad that he met this guy.
If you wish to join Will's Nerds, please fill out this form.
For the rotating card effect, Will used cmiscm's cm-rotate.js library.
Licensed under the MIT license.


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Gagan Goel is one of the co-founders of Inception Wave Pvt. Ltd. He is a member of our technical team, and have an exemplary knowledge of application development, Java, JavaScript, Ionic Framework. Gagan is also the content writer at Inception Wave. A little twisted with words but never short of them. He plays Table Tennis and has a great zeal for cricket. In his spare time, he loves to sketch.


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Content-type: text/html
Manpage of VODATA
VODATA
Section: User Commands (1)
Updated: July 2007
Index
Return to Main Contents
NAME
vodata - query and access VO data services
SYNOPSIS
vodata [<flags>] [ <resource> [[ <objname> [ <sr> ]]] ]
vodata [<flags>] [ <resource> [[ <ra> <dec> [ <sr> ]]] ]
vodata [<flags>] [ <url> ]
OPTIONS
The vodata task accepts the following options:
- -h,--help
-
Print a help summary to the terminal and exit. No processing is done
following this flag.
- -v,--verbose
-
Verbose output. The output will be more verbose than normal but exactly
what is printed depends on whether other flags are enabled to changed the
basic task behavior. Sets the VERBOSE query parameter to its highest
level.
- --vverbose
-
Very-verbose output. Sets the VERBOSE query parameter to its highest
level.
- The following flags control the major behavior of the task, i.e. the type
-
of output to present.
- -a, --all
-
Perform an action based on all available data. When used as part of a
data query, this flag causes the <resource> argument to be used in
a substring match of Registry ShortName or Identifier fields
to create the actual list of resources to be queried. If the ShortName
of a TABULARSKYSERVICE from Vizier is given, the <resource>
will typically expand to include all tables associated with the paper,
and providing a means to access all of these tables from a single query.
- -c, --count
-
Print only a count of the matching records found and do not save any
results. The standard output for the task is to echo some of the input
parameters and print a table of results showing progress and the number
of matching records. If this flag is set, the output written to the
screen will be the same, however the data will not be saved locally.
- -g, --get
-
Get the data referenced by the results of a data query. This typically
only applies to Simple Image Access service in which the result of a
query include a column of "access references" to the actual data
that must be resolved separately. Setting this flag will cause all data
references to be resolved by the task once all of the data queries have
been completed.
Access references are appended to a master "access list" as each query
completes. In general the order in which these are retrieved cannot be
guaranteed. Data downloads can be done in parallel by setting the number
of concurrent max downloads using the --maxdownloads=<N> flag, the
default is to download one file at a time. If this flag is followed
with a comma-delimited list of numbers, only those rows in the result
table will be accessed.
- -m, --meta
-
Print only the column metadata for the named services. The output will be
a list of the columns return by a data query to the service, but will not
save the actual data. A default position and search size will be used for
the query: In the case of Cone services a negative size is used, for SIAP
services the FORMAT=METADATA flag is used in the query, and for tabular
Vizier services the entire table is accessed. Compliant VO services will
respond quickly with only the column metadata, tabular services may respond
more slowly due to the need to transfer the data. Adding the -v or
--verbose-<N> options will increment the VERBOSE level of services
and may return more metadata if available, to access these extra columns
the same level of verbosity must be set during a data query.
- The following flags specify data query options:
-
- -b <bpass> or --bandpass=<bpass>
-
Constrain the query by bandpass. The argument following the flag must
be one of the allowed bandpass specification string. Setting the flag
will constrain any Registry search used to only those resources where
the spectral coverage matches the given bandpass. Aliases for bandpasses
are allowed, see below.
- -i <file> or --input=<file>
-
Specify a file containing the remaining positional command-line input. The
command line is thought of as having the following components: the options
beginning with a '-' character and their associated arguments, one or more
<resource> names giving the service to invoke, an object name or
position, and an optional query size. The '-i' flag allows everything
except the options to be specified from a file (or the standard input if
the '-' argument is used), creating in effect a means to interactively
specify the e.g. resource/object without restarting the task, or to take
these values from a file or input stream to create multiple independent
queries. If either the resource or object name/position has already been
specified they do not need to be specified again.
The format for the command file is the same as for the <resource>,
<objname>, <ra> <dec>, <url>, or <sr> described
below and as they would appear on the command line, all input lines are
terminated with a newline, the file or input stream is terminated with an
EOF. An example of how this
may be used would be the using a command file such as:
2mass-psc m31,m51 0.5
chandra ngc4258,m51 0.25
The task will process this file as if the two lines had been invoked as
separate commands. The advantage is that this input can be created
dynamically by another task, and we can group resource and object lists
into independent queries. See the Examples below for other uses.
- -o <obj|file> or --object=<obj|file>
-
Specify the object name to use in a query. Object names are resolved
automatically to J2000 equatorial coordinates. The argument to this
flag may be the name of a single object, a comma-delimited list of
object names, the name of a file containing object names, or the
reserved value '-'.
The reserved value '-' tells the task to take this information from the
standard input, processing doesn't begin until the object list has been
fully read.
- -p <pos|file> or --pos=<pos|file>
-
Specify the position to use in a query. Positions are composed of two
values assumed to be equatorial J2000 coordinates.
Values specified as a floating-point decimal are assumed to be in units
of degrees, sexagesimal values may also be used and are assumed to be
equatorial RA and Dec. If the <pos> arg is used only one set of
coordinates may be given on the command-line and must be delimited by a comma,
however the argument may also be the name of a file containing coordinates
to be processed, or the reserved value '-'.
The reserved value '-' tells the task to take this information from the
standard input, processing doesn't begin until the position list has been
fully read.
- -r <radius> or --sr=<radius>[<units>]
-
Set the search radius. The default search size is 0.1 degrees unless
specified on the command-line and argument are assumed to be
in degrees, setting the size in other units is permitted using the
-sr flag. To specify the <units> for the --sr flag, the
argument should be suffixed by an 's' to specify arcseconds, an 'm' to set
arcminutes, and 'd' to set the size in degrees. By default, all
queries will be done using the same search size. Variable search
sizes accomplished using the '-i' flag described above.
- -s <service> or --svc=<service>
-
Specify the service or url to invoke. In most cases the service, i.e.
the <resource> argument will be taken from the commandline based on
it's position. The exception is when the user want to specify a service
URL directly (e.g. to test a local service) because it isn't known to the
Registry, or to use the reserved values '-' or 'any'. Use of '-' tells
the task to read the service list from the standard input; use of
the word 'any' is a means to telling the task to dynamically create the
resource list from other options (e.g. "any image service" by using the
- -t <type> or --type=<type>
-
Constrain the query by service type. The list of allowed service types
is given below. The actual string used in a Registry resource record
may be used if known, otherwise common use is to specify 'image' to
access Simple Image Access (SIAP) services, 'catalog' for Cone searches,
or 'table' for Vizier tabular data.
- The following flags are specific to the writing of HTML or KML files:
-
- --webborder
-
Enable the shaded border drawn around an HTML table (default).
- --webcolor
-
Enable the coloring for an HTML table (default).
- --webheader
-
Enable the HTML page header written to the output file (default).
- --wb, --webnoborder
-
Disable the shaded border drawn around an HTML table.
- --wc, --webnocolor
-
Disable the coloring for an HTML table.
- --wh, --webnoheader
-
Disable the HTML page header written to the output file.
- --kmlmax=<N>
-
Specify the max number of placemarks to write. The default is 50, ordering
is not guaranteed. Setting the sampling will automatically increase the
maximum number of results returned.
- --kmlsample=<N>
-
Specify the sampling of the result to be every <N> rows. The
default is to write all rows to the output file. If set, this value will
be used as a multiplier for the max number of placemarks automatically.
- --kmlgroup=object
-
Group the results of a multi-resource/multi-object query into a single
hierarchical KML file grouped by the object or position index (default);
- --kmlgroup=service
-
Group the results of a multi-resource/multi-object query into a single
hierarchical KML file grouped by the service name.
- --kmlgroup=both
-
Groups the results of a multi-resource/multi-object query into a single
hierarchical KML file. The two top-level folders will be 'By Source' and
- --kmlnolabel
-
Disable the labelling of placemarks. By default, the ID_MAIN ucd for
each point will be used as a label.
- --kmlnoregion
-
Disable the drawing of the region bounding box in a KML file.
- --kmlnoverbose
-
Disable the writing of verbose information to the KML placemarks. By
default, each placemark will contain all information from that result.
- Input Options:
-
- --cols=col_str
-
Use columns specified in col_str to read the ra, dec
and id values respectively. col_str is a comma-delimited
list where the id column is optional and will not be used if not
present as the third element in the list. Other columns may be given as
a single integer or as a range of the form start-end indicating
the values in the start thru end columns should be combined
into a single value.
- -d, --delim=delim
-
Use the delim as the input table delimiter. By default, a space, tab,
comma, vertical bar ('|'), or semicolon may be used as a delimiter for the
input table. If no explicit delimiter is specified, the first occurance of
any one of these will be used. The reserved words comma,
space, tab, or bar may be used in place of a specific
character.

--ecols=col_str
- --ecols=col_str
-
Use the explicit columns specified in col_str in the input table. This
option should only be used with formatted text tables where the desired
values will always be in the same columns of the file. Note that 'column' in
this case refers to a specific character column in a text file. Columns
may be a single integer or a range, and is a comma-delimited list as with
the --cols option.
- -f, --force
-
Force the input table to be used even in the number of columns varies on
each line. The assumption here is that any variation (e.g empty columns)
occurs after the ra, dec and id columns in the table.
- --hskip=<N>
-
Skip <N> header lines in the input file. This option is only needed
when the lines to be skipped do not begin with the normal '#' comment
character.
- --nlines=<N>
-
Use only <N> lines of the input table.
- --sample=<N>
-
Sample the table every <N> lines. Setting the sample will not affect
the nlines used.
- Output Options:
-
- -1,--one
-
Save the results into a single file regardless of format. This option will
be set automatically if the output is being written to the standard output.
If the output format is something other than KML or XML, all results will
be concatenated into individual files of the form
"<svc>_<pid>.<extn>" so that each file will contain the object results from
each service where the columns will be the same.
- -A,--ascii
-
Save the results as a whitespace delimited ascii table. If an output file
is created it will have a ".txt" extension appended automatically.
- -C,--csv
-
Save the results as a comma-separated-value (CSV) table. If an output file
is created it will have a ".csv" extension appended automatically.
- -H,--html
-
Save the results as an HTML table. If an output file
is created it will have a ".html" extension appended automatically. See
above for the --webnoheader option that can be used to disable the HTML page
header.
- -I,--inventory
-
Query the Inventory Service rather than the data services directly.
This will return simply a count of the results found, but when presented
with a table of resources and sources can be used to do a simple
crossmatch of the sources found in the catalogs available through the
service.
- -K,--KML
-
Save the results as a Google Earth/Sky KML placemark file. If an output file
is created it will have a ".kml" extension appended automatically. See
above for additional options that control the content of the file.
- -R, -V or --raw, --votable
-
Save the results as a raw VOTable. If an output file is created it will
have a ".vot" extension appended automatically.
- -T,--tsv
-
Save the results as a tab-separated-value (TSV) table. If an output file
is created it will have a ".tsv" extension appended automatically.
- -O <root> or --output=<root>
-
Set the root of the output name. The reserved value '-' tells the task to
write to the standard output.
- -X,--xml
-
Save the results wrapped XML file of the raw VOTable results. If an output
file is created it will have a ".xml" extension appended automatically. The
XML document will gather all the individual VOTable result files to a single
XML document, where each entry is wrapped by the element <VOTABLE_ENTRY>.
There will be three attributes: svc will be the data service name,
obj will be the object name (if supplied), and the index attribute
giving an index into the results. This index list is created by looping over
each service, and for each service, looping over the object/position list.
- -e,--extract[=<type>]
-
Extract positional or access information to extra output files. By
default both files will be written, using --extract=pos will write
only the positional information file, using --extract=urls will write
the access URLs only. Access URLs are written one-per-line to a file with
the same root name as the main output but with a ".urls" extension;
Positional information is written to a file with a ".pos" extension and
will contain three columns made up of the identifier (the column with
the ID_MAIN ucd), RA and Dec (the POS_EQ_RA_MAIN
and POS_EQ_DEC_MAIN ucd columns respectively). If these ucds appear
more than once in a table, the first occurrance will be used.
Additionally, the --extract=headers and --extract=kml flags may
used be to to specify the HTML and KML output be written to files with
".html" and ".kml" extensions respectively. The --extract=KML flag
will cause multi-resource and/or multi-object queries to be collected into
a single KML file. The format-specific --kml<opt> and --web<opt>
flags will apply to these files. A --extract=xml flag will force the
output format to be raw VOTable and gather the results to a single XML
document (see the -X option).
Note that the URLs file can be used to later access the data (perhaps
after sub-selecting from the table based on some criteria) by calling
the task again using the filename as the only argument.
If no argument is given to the --extract flag then all possible
options will be enabled.
- -n,--nosave
-
If enabled, this flag tells the task not to save results to local disk.
Status and result information will continue to be printed to the screen,
but no data are saved to disk.
- -q,--quiet
-
Quiet mode. Suppress any extraneous output and warning messages.
- -u,--url
-
Force the specified URL to be downloaded.
- DAL2 Query Options:
-
- --band=band_string
-
The spectral bandpass is given in range-list format. For a numerical
bandpass the units are wavelength in vacuum in units of meters.
The spectral rest frame may optionally be qualified as either
source or observer, specified as a range-list
qualifier. Bandpass names are often not useful for spectra (they are
probably more useful for image or time series data) but there are cases where
they are useful for spectra, for example for a velocity spectrum of a
specific emission line.
- --time=time_string
-
The time coverage (epoch) specified in range-list form as defined in section
8.7.2, in ISO 8601 format. If the time system used is not specified UTC is
assumed. The value specified may be a single value or an open or closed
range. If a single value is specified it matches any spectrum for which the
time coverage includes the specified value. If a two valued range is given, a
dataset matches if any portion of it overlaps the given temporal region.
DESCRIPTION
The vodata task allows a user to query and access VO data for multiple
resources and objects from a desktop or scripting environment. By design,
the task interface is meant to provide the following features:
- -
-
Resources (i.e. data services) may be referred to using a more familiar
ShortName designation, or an IVO identifier, either of which will be
resolved to a specific ServiceURL internally using the Registry.
- -
-
Object names may be used to specify the location of a data query, the
position will be resolved internally using the Sesame web service.
- -
-
Output files may be created in a variety of common formats easily manipulated
with other desktop tools.
- -
-
Multiple resources and objects shall be queried in parallel when possible to
optimize the task.
- -
-
Data referenced in a query response should be accessible by the task
automatically.
- -
-
The command-line interface should be as friendly and as flexible as possible
to allow the task to be used in multiple ways.
The task should quickly become familiar to users and is meant operate in
concert with the voregistry and vosesame tasks to allow novice
users to begin to explore for data resources to be used in the final query.
Some of the flexibility of the task is shown in the Examples section below.
Major concepts of the task are detailed below as well.
Argument Parsing
The meaning of the various command-line arguments is detailed below:
- <resource>
-
The ShortName or Identifier of a data resource to be queried, a
comma-delimited list of either, or the name of a file containing either.
These names will be resolved to a data service URL using the Registry. The
-s option may be used to specify a non-registered ServiceURL that
the task may use, however the -t option is then also required to
specify the type of service.
- <objname>
-
The name of an object, a comma-delimited list of object names, or the name of
a file containing object names. The coordinates of each object will be
resolved to a position prior to processing using the Sesame name
resolver service. An error will be returned if an object name cannot be
resolved, and that object will be skipped.
- <ra> <dec>
-
The J2000 equatorial RA and Dec position to the searched. Values given as
floating point values are assumed to be in decimal degrees, sexagesimal
values are assumed to be equatorial RA/Dec positions. Sexagesimal values may
be of the form hh:mm:ss.s or hh:mm.m for RA, or
dd:mm:ss.s or dd:mm.m for Dec. Only one coordinate pair may be
specified on the commandline.
- <sr>
-
The search size for the data query specified in decimal degrees. The default
size of 0.1 degrees will be used if this is not specified on the command line.
The -rs and
-rm options may be used specify the size in arc seconds and minutes
respectively. The -i option may be used to specify command-line input
options, where each command-line can include a different value for the search
size, otherwise only one value is allowed.
- <url>
-
A single URL, or the name of a file containing URLs listed one per line.
Multi-Thread and Multi-Process Data Querying
All data queries require at least one resource and one source
to be successful. The resource defines a specific data service to be
queried, and the source is either an explicit position on the sky or
the name of an object that can be resolved to a position. Additional
parameters to the query are used to specify other options, but in essence
each data query is translated to a single URL that must be accessed by the
client task. In a complex query, lists of resource and/or objects create a
potentially large matrix of queries that must be made (i.e.
N-services by N-objects in total). Because a large fraction of
the time spent in waiting for a query to finish is in waiting for the
server to respond, we are able to run multiple queries simultaneously
without saturating our network bandwidth in most cases.
The vodata task will parallelize the list of services to be queried
by running a separate processing thread (i.e. a lightweight process
running in parallel within the main application) for each of the services
to be called. This allows queries to different servers to be run in
parallel, and since these servers will often reside on multiple machines
the client won't impact any one data provider too badly. In addition,
the list of objects to be queried at each service will be broken up into
multiple child processes and called simultaneously. This allows, for
example, 10 objects to be queried from 3 services (a total of 30 queries)
simultaneously.
The --maxthreads=<N>mt option can be used to set the max number of threads to be
created for processing the resource list (the default is 20). If the
resource list is larger than this value, the list will be processed with no
more than the max number running at any one time until all resources have
been queried. Similarly, the --maxprocs=<N> option can be used to set the
number of child processes to be created to process the object list (the
default is 10). When setting these values it is important to remember that
the total number of potential processes running on your machine will
be the product of these to values. The default values were empirically found
to work reasonably well on most modern machines.
Additionally, it is worth considering the potential strain that can be put
on data providers' machines before changing these settings. The large
majority of Cone services for example come from a single server at HEASARC
and overloading the server with hundreds of requests to multiple resources
it provides may result in a failed request and what would appear to be no
data. One should consider using the -i flag as a means to query a
large object list against a resource list such that only the object
processing is parallelized and the server load is minimized (See the example
below).
Output Filename Generation
The -O option may be used to specify the root part of output files
created by a data query. However, to guarantee that a multi-service, and/or
multi-object query doesn't overwrite a single output file, the filename root
will also include the pid (process ID) of the task that created it.
For a single service and object query no pid will be used as part of
the filename. This scheme guarantees unique output files across the various
processing scenarios, with similar root names for multiple files associated
with a specific query.
Output tables may be created in a number of formats and will likewise have
extensions indicating the table type. The --extract option
may create additional files for each query, and the -g/--get
option to access data will similarly create additional files. The structure
of an output filename is:
<root>[_<pid>].<extn>
The meaning of <pid> and <extn> have been discussed above. If
the -O option was set then the <root> part of the name will
simply be the argument given to set the root name. Otherwise, the <root>
element will be of the form:
<svc>_<type>_<objname>
<svc>_<type>_<index>
The <svc> is derived from the service name used, the <type> is
a single-character code to indicate the type of service used ('I' for image,
object name or the index in a list of positions of no object was specified.
Verbosity
The -v and --vverbose options serve a dual purpose: within the
task they set the level of output verbosity in terms of what is reported during
processing (Similarly, the -q option can be used to turn off output
reporting entirely). These flags will however also increase the value of the
VERBOSE parameter sent to services during a data query. The default
value is at least 1, with the highest level being 3. Using the -v flag
sets VERBOSE=2 and --vverbose sets VERBOSE=3.
The VERBOSE level can be important in accessing result columns that may only
be returned at the highest level. When using the -m
(or --meta) flag to print
the column metadata, the verbose options will also affect the results and it
is important that the same verbosity be set when doing the actual data
query and access.
Bandpass and Service Type Aliases
The type constraint (-t or --type) accepts only the
following arguments:
catalog Cone search services
image Simple Image Access services
spectra Simple Spectral Access services
table Vizier services
<literal> ResourceType from Registry record
The bandpass constraint (-b or --bandpass) accepts only
the following arguments:
Radio Millimeter Infrared (IR)
Optical Ultraviolet (UV) X-Ray (xray)
Gamma-Ray (GR)
Values in parenthese are acceptable aliases. All matches are cases
insensitive.
Range-List Parameters
Some parameters (for example BAND and TIME) may allow a parameter value to be
specified as a numeric range. Such range-valued parameters use the forward
slash (/) character as the separator between elements of the
range specification (as in the ISO 8601 date specification after which this
convention is patterned). For example, 5E-7/8E-7 would
specify a range consisting of all values from 5E-7 to 8E-7, inclusive. If a
third field is specified it is a step size for traversing the indicated
range. If a parameter permits a step size the semantics of the step size are
defined by the specific parameter.
An open range may be specified by omitting either range value. If the first
value is omitted the range is open toward lower values. If the second value
is omitted the range is open toward higher values. Omitting both values
indicates an infinite range which accepts all values. For example,
/5 is an open range which accepts all values less than or
equal to 5. To specify all values less than 5, /4 would be
used (for an integer valued range). Range values are limited to numeric
values or ISO dates.
A list may be qualified by appending the character ; (semicolon)
followed by a qualifier string. For example 1E-7/3E-6;source could
specify a spectral bandpass in the rest frame of the source. List and
range syntax may be combined, e.g., to indicate a list of scalar or
range-valued parameter values. Such a range list may be ordered or
unordered, and may contain either numeric or string data. An ordered
list is one which requires values to be processed in a specified order,
and to ensure this the range list is sorted or ordered by the service as
necessary before being used. It is the responsibility of the service to
sort an ordered range list, hence the client can input ranges or range
values in any order for an ordered range list and the result will be
the same. The sequence in which items in an unordered list occur on the
other hand is significant, as since there is no intrinsic ordering for
the list which can be enforced by the service, items will be processed
by the service in the order they are input by the client.
TIME and BAND are typical examples of ordered range lists. Since a dataset
matches the query if it contains data in any of the specified ranges,
logically it does not matter in what order the ranges are given, or whether
the first element of a range is less than the second, or whether ranges
overlap; the result should be the same in all cases. Hence the range list has
an intrinsic ordering irrespective of how ranges are input. Unless otherwise
specified in the definition of a given parameter, range lists are assumed to
be ordered.
VOCLIENT DAEMON PROCESSING
All VO-CLI tasks are built upon the VOClient interface an rely on a
separate voclientd process to provide the VO functionality. The
voclientd task is distributed as part of VO-CLI and will be started
automatically by each task if it is not already running. If problems are
encountered, you may want to manually start the voclientd in a separate
window before running the task so you can monitor the output for error
messages.
RESOURCE CACHING
Registry resolution is a common activity of VO-CLI tasks and so results
will be cached in the $HOME/.voclient/cache/regResolver directory based on
the search term, service type and bandpass parameters. Defining the
VOC_NO_CACHE environment variable will cause the task to ignore the
cache.
EXAMPLES
- 1)
-
Query the GSC 2.3 catalog for stars a) within the 0.1 degree
default search size around NGC 1234: b) around all positions
contained in file 'pos.txt': c) for the list of objects given
on the command line: d) query a list of services for a list
of positions: e) print a count of results that would be returned
from 3 services for each position in a file:
% vodata gsc2.3 ngc1234 (a)
% vodata gsc2.3 pos.txt (b)
% vodata gsc2.3 m31,m51,m93 (c)
% vodata svcs.txt pos.txt (d)
% vodata hst,chandra,gsc2.3 pos.txt (e)
- 2)
-
Query all (142) image services having data of the subdwarf galaxy
IC 10, print a count of the results only:
% vodata -c -t image any IC10
% vodata --count --type=image any IC10
Note that we use the reserved word 'any' for the service name and
constrain by image type. The task will automatically query the Registry to
create the list of services to be queried.
- 3)
-
Print a count of X-ray catalog data around Abell2712:
% vodata -c -t catalog -b x-ray any abell2712
% vodata --count --type=catalog --bandpass=x-ray any abell2712
In this case we constrain both the service type as well as the spectral
coverage published for the resource in the Registry. We use the reserved
any' service name to query multiple services and use the '-c'
flag to print a count without saving results. The object name is resolved
to coordinates internally. (Note: this example may take a while to run).
- 4)
-
Print the column metadata returned by the RC3 catalog service:
% vodata --meta rc3 or vodata -m rc3
The output will print the result using the default VERBOSE level, adding
the -v will set the query parameter VERBOSE=2, adding --verbose
will set VERBOSE=3 (to print all available columns). When accessing data the
same -v flags will be required to retrieve columns at that
VERBOSE level.
- 5)
-
Use the Registry to query for resources using the search terms
"cooling flow". Upon examining the output the user notices a
Vizier paper titled "Cooling Flows in 207 clusters of Galaxies"
that looks interesting. Use the vodata task to download all
tables associated with this paper, save tables in the default
CSV format:
% voregistry cooling flow
% vodata -O white97 -all J/MNRAS/292/419
% vodata --output=white97 --all J/MNRAS/292/419
All 7 tables will be written to the current directory to files
having a root name 'white97' (chosen based on the author and
publication date).
- 6)
-
Find a suitable XMM image service, get a (brief) count of the
XMM images available for 3c273, and if there aren't too many,
download the images and save the extracted access URLs:
% voregistry -rv -t image xmm
ShortName ResourceType Title
------------------------------------------------------....
XMM-Newton SIAP/ARCHIVE XMM-Newton Archive ....
% vodata -cq xmm-newton 3c273
xmm-newton 27 I XMM-Newton Archive ....
% vodata --count --quiet xmm-newton 3c273
xmm-newton 27 I XMM-Newton Archive ....
% vodata --get xmm-newton 3c273
.... will query and download 27 images.
- 7)
-
Query for the images available from 2MASS at a given position,
extract the positions and service URLs to separate files:
% vodata -e -O 2mass -t image 2mass 12:34:56.7 -23:12:45.2
% vodata -e --output=2mass --type=image 2mass 12:34:56.7 -23:12:45.2
The query produces files with the root name '2mass', and exten- sions of
".csv" (the main response), ".pos" (the extracted pos- itions),
and ".urls" (the access references). The user inspects the files and
notices that the references return both FITS and HTML files, but she only
wants the FITS image date and uses vodata to download only those:
% grep fits 2mass_I_001_15998.urls > images.txt
% vodata images.txt
or
% grep fits 2mass_I_001_15998.urls | vodata -i -
In both cases we pass URLs to the task which bypasses the query and directly
access the images. However, in the first case we process the entire list
and are able to take advantage of the -maxdownloads=<N> option to
increase the number of simultaneous downloads. In the second case, the
-i flag causes the task to interpret each line of the input stream
as a separate command and so the data are always downloaded one at a time
(which is the default download behavior anyway).
- 8)
-
Use vodata as a test client for a locally-installed SIAP service:
% vodata -t image -s http://localhost/siap.pl 180.0 0.0
% vodata --type=image --svc=http://localhost/siap.pl 180.0 0.0
In this case we force the ServiceURL using the '-s' flag, but since we
can't do a Registry query to discover what type of service this is, we must
use the '-t' flag to indicate it is an image service.
- 9)
-
Create a local table containing the Abell catalog. Begin with a
Registry query to find likely services using the voregistry task, print
a verbose description of each resource and page the results with less:
% voregistry -v -v --type=catalog abell | less
The verbose results indicate a number of services with differing
requirements for what is included. We decide to use the service from
HEASARC since it contains southern hemisphere data and constraints we are
interested in. Try an all-sky query to retrieve the entire catalog, use
the service identifier to be specific about where we want to go:
% vodata -e ivo://nasa.heasarc/abell 0.0 0.0 180.0
% vodata --extract ivo://nasa.heasarc/abell 0.0 0.0 180.0
We use the '-e' flag to extract the positions to a separate file with
a ".pos" extension so that we can use these in later queries.
However, the .pos file additionally contains the ID from the original
catalog in column 1. Strip this column so we're left with only RA and DEC
and query for Chandra observations at each position:
% cut -c6- *.pos | vodata ivo://nasa.heasarc/chanmaster -p -
% cut -c6- *.pos | vodata ivo://nasa.heasarc/chanmaster --pos=-
Here we used the unix 'cut' utility to remove the first column and
pipe the resulting positions to the task, using the '-p -' option to
indicate positions should be read from stding, and the IVO identifier of
the Chandra observation master log we also discovered from the Registry.
- 10)
-
Interactively query for a count of Chandra observations of Messier
objects:
% vodata -cq chandra -i -
m31
chandra 335 I Chandra X-Ray Observatory Data Archive
: : : : :
Note that by using the '-i' flag we execute each query as if we'd put
the object name on the command line. Using the '-o' flag would
instead read all of the objects from the stdin but then execute the queries
in parallel following an EOF to terminate the input.
- 11)
-
Use the STILTS task 'tpipe' to select rows from a VOTable
of QSOs (made with an earlier query) where the redshift is > 0.2. Output
only the positions and pipe this to vodata to generate a new query to
see whether HST has observed any of these objects:
% stilts tpipe ifmt=votable qso_survey.vot
cmd='select "Z > 0.2"'
cmd='keepcols "RA DEC"' | vodata -p - hstpaec
Note that we use the '-p -' flag to tell the task to take it's list of
positions from the piped input. The positions are used to query the HST
Planned and Archived Exposure Catalog (hstpaec)
- 12)
-
The user has a task called 'wcsinfo' that takes a list of images
and outputs a text table containing the plate center and size in degrees.
Use this task as part of a query for 2MASS point sources contained in each
image:
% wcsinfo *.fits | vodata 2mass-psc -i -
Here we specify the desired service (2mass-psc) on the commandline as
usual, and allow the remainder of the args (i.e. the position and search
size) to be read from the stdin. This allows for variable search sizes but
processes the positions serially. If the sizes are all the same (say 25
arcmin), multiple queries can be done simultaneously using just a position
file, e.g.
% wcsinfo -pos_only *.fits > centers.txt
% vodata --sr=25m 2mass-psc centers.txt
- 13)
-
Query a large list of objects against a number of ASCA resources.
Because the ASCA catalogs are served by the same machine, use the '-i'
option and a command file to process only each resource sequentially while
still parallelizing the object lists:
% cat cmds.txt
ASCA survey.tbl
ASCA\ GIS survey.tbl
ASCA\ GPS survey.tbl
: :
% vodata -i cmds.txt
Note that we've needed to escape the space in the resource name in some
cases. To avoid this, use of the IVO identifier for each resource is usually
preferred.
- 14)
-
Query the VO for GALEX data of M51. Because the ShortName GALEX
is not unique, we must either specify the IVO identifier of a
specific service to query, or if we're interested in results from all
supported data services with galex in the name:
% vodata -a galex M51
% vodata --all galex M51
The results come from the Cone and SIAP services both called GALEX,
as well as an additional SIAP service called 'GALEX_Atlas'. Note that the
service names are case insensitive in either case.
- 15)
-
Process a list of hundreds of positions against the GSC2.3 catalog:
% vodata gsc2.3 positions.txt
- 16)
-
Process a list of hundreds of positions against the GSC2.3 catalog, assume
that the input table has a 5 line header of text and three columns
(id,ra,dec). Note that the cols option requires the optional id
be specified last:
% vodata --cols=2,3,1 --hskip=5 gsc2.3 positions.txt
BUGS
Some services don't repond properly to the metadata query and will print
a "no attributes found" message.
TODO
- Additional command-line options should be allowed to be specified in a
command file.
- Support for SSAP, SAMP, TAP
Revision History
June 2007 - This task is new.

Time: 02:52:33 GMT, June 28, 2013