Named after the debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglass (yes, i know,) when the two were running for the U.S. Senate in Illinois in 1858, Lincoln-Douglas Debate is a 1 on 1 style of debate based around Philosophy and Morals.
To memorize: 6373463
| Speech | Time | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative Constructive | 6 | Affirmative builds up their case. |
| Negative Cross-Examination | 3 | Negative asks Affirmative questions. |
| Negative Constructive | 7 | Negative builds up case and/or attacks opponent case. |
| Affirmative Cross-Examination | 3 | Affirmative asks Negative questions. |
| Affirmative Rebuttal #1 | 4 | Affirmative attacks Negative case. |
| Negative Rebuttal | 6 | Negative attacks affirmative case and wraps up. |
| Affirmative Rebuttal #2 | 3 | Affirmative attacks negative case and wraps up. |
Each debater gets 4 minutes of prep time, which can be used in any amount before a speech.
The two sides are Affirmative and Negative. Sometimes, sides are chosen at a tournament before match starts. Sometimes a coin flip is used instead.
LD topics are called Resolutions, and usually are about a concept that is somewhat broad, but not too broad. Resolutions usually include the words should or ought. The latter has an inherent moral component.
Every LD case has a Value and a Criterion. A value is a moral goal, such as liberty, justice, human rights or equality. A criterion is a more specific idea that describes how your contentions and arguments lead to the achievement of the value. In simpler terms: A value is what you want, and the criterion is how you achieve it.
A contention is a point in your larger case. A contention has a tagline, which defines what it is about, and one or more cards, which are pieces of evidence that back up the claim in the tagline. The contention and each card should contain explanation.


module MemoryBuffer: sig
.. end
val of_file : string -> Llvm.llmemorybuffer
of_file p
is the memory buffer containing the contents of the file at
path p
. If the file could not be read, then IoError msg
is
raised.
val of_stdin : unit -> Llvm.llmemorybuffer
of_stdin ()
is the memory buffer containing the contents of standard input.
If standard input is empty, then IoError msg
is raised.
val of_string : ?name:string -> string -> Llvm.llmemorybuffer
of_string ~name s
is the memory buffer containing the contents of string s
.
The name of memory buffer is set to name
if it is provided.
val as_string : Llvm.llmemorybuffer -> string
as_string mb
is the string containing the contents of memory buffer mb
.
val dispose : Llvm.llmemorybuffer -> unit
Disposes of a memory buffer.


If you are already a coding master or if you're just curious about coding, we'll be happy to have you! We can provide special resources to help you code, and eventually let you practice your skills on a website that people actually use! If you are even just considering it, we highly encourage you to email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>There is no commitment whatsoever if you email us, and no time commitment if you choose to join the development team. If you don't want to program but have other skills you think you can offer to the website, then also feel free to contact us.
Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or go to our Suggestions page!
{{ person.title }}
MyMICDS.net is not affiliated with Mary Institute and Saint Louis Country Day School. We hash all of our passwords, but as an extra security measure, we recommend your password be different from your school password. In order to stay as transparent as possible, the MyMICDS source code is publicly available via GitHub.


SlideBar / Events
{{slide.name}}
Event log:
- {{ev.name}}{{ev.info}}{{ev.value}}
This sample presents most of events that are fired from SlideBar directive. Depending on action, a specific event is fired, which you can handle by simple creating an event handler. Here is list of events that are supported:
- buttonClicking - Occurs when navigation button is clicked, but before slide is changed
- buttonClicked - Occurs when navigation button is clicked and after slide changes
- clear - Occurs when slide list is cleared
- enabledChanged - Occurs when control is enabled or disabled
- slideAdding - Occurs before a new slide is added
- slideAdded - Occurs after a new slide is added
- slideChanging - Occurs when currently selected slide is about to change
- slideChanged - Occurs when currently selected slide is changed
- slideRemoving - Occurs before slide is removed
- slideRemoved - Occurs after slide is removed
- styleChanged - Occurs when control style has changed
Depending on some conditions, when handling some of above events you can prevent the default action to proceed, by canceling the operation.
In this sample event log will not register add/remove events, because this kind of operation is not demonstrated here.


FlightSurety
Flights
Register Flight
Buy insurance
Withdraw
If your flight is delayed kindly click here


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purpose (responding to your letter.) We will not sell or give your email address to any lists and we will not publish it on our website.
The only exception is if you send us a picture to post on our website for identification, in which case we will post your email address
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We do not intentionally link to any sites that use spyware or disrespect people's privacy, but we can't guarantee other websites' behavior.
Wado, miigwech, pilamaya ye, and thanks to all!
Native Languages of the Americas


Ashley Spellman
About
Portfolio
(current)
Contact
Portfolio
Hangman
RPG Game
Trivia Game
Rutgers Info Widget
Rock Paper Scissors
Contact Me


Kotakin
Version 1.2.5
First Things First
Kotakin was created for everyone that must constantly send files to customers or receive files from the same customers.
The employee can upload files from the administration system and share it with it’s customers or create a public link for anyone.
Every customer can have it’s own URL with a full screen background image and login system. In this area, the customer can upload files directly or download files provided by you.
Features :
- Completely template-based for easy design modifications and object oriented template variables. Using Twig template engine.
- Multilanguage.
- Created with PHP ( Laravel 4 ) and the amazing Twitter Bootstrap version 3 – easy to modify and to understand.
- Full Source Code.
- SMTP / SENDMAIL / PHP MAIL Support.
- Files renamed for security reasons. Original filename restored while dowloading.
- Easy to use Step-By-Step installer.
- Google Analytics Support.
- Send Files directly by Email as Attachment.
- Create Public Links ( with / without Password Protection, Download Limit, Date Limit, Message ).
- Share Folders with registered Users.
- Search for Folder and Files.
- Beautiful Ajax Upload.
- Superadmin / Admin / User roles.
- Dateformat Settings.
- Email Template Editor.
- Preview Thumbnails.
- GD and ImageMagick Support.
- Direct Download of files.
- Fullscreen Background can be set for each User separately.
- Each User get’s it’s own URL like myappweb.com/username ( can be defined for each user ).
- Each User has it’s own Login Area.
- Users can upload Files directly to the Company.
- Superadmin/Admin informed by Email of new Files Uploaded by a User.
- User upload can be disabled.
- Interface (HTML, CSS, and Javascript) Editor in browser.
- Secure Public Link like myappweb.com/i/157b2102-ee92-4ce2-a715-9d6c1e07fc6d
- Public Link Download Counter.
- Auto disable Public Link if limits occur ( Download Counter, Date Limit ).
- Console Commands that can be run as your server cron job to remove any expired and download limit reached links, with file (optional).
- Disk usage capacity at admin dashboard.
- Option to disable users upload in shared folder.
- MP3 Preview (using http://kolber.github.io/audiojs/)
- MP4 Video Preview (using http://www.videojs.com)
NOTE
This application only recommended to be accessed via subdomain / domain directly. You can also create a virtual host on your local computer for testing.
Nginx Server Configuration Example: Download
Error: SessionHandler::read(): failed: Permission denied (13)?
Make sure the “app/storage/” folder and all the folders inside it are writeable by PHP (using CHMOD => 0755 / 0775 / 0777)
Installation:
- Extract the content of kotakin.zip file to your domain / subdomain directory, in example "/path/to/mysite.com".
-
Hosting that enable you to change the web directory:
Log in to the control panel and navigate to the Domain manager. Edit the domain where you wish to have Kotakin run from. Change the web directory from the default /path/to/mysite.com to /path/to/mysite.com/public. The reason we do this is that some of Laravel lives outside of the root web directory. Next we need to make sure PHP is set to 5.3.x or higher.
Hosting with no access to change the web directory:
Move all folders and files inside the "public/" folder to the root of your web directory.
Now we need to edit our paths in index.php:
require __DIR__.'/bootstrap/autoload.php';
$app = require_once __DIR__.'/bootstrap/start.php';
And then just set the public dir in out /bootstrap/paths.php file:
'public' => __DIR__.'/..',
- Go to the domain / subdomain where the Kotakin installed via web browser.
- Follow and complete the installation steps.
Console Commands (cron jobs):
You can use following console commands manually or place them as your server cron jobs.
Go to the root of Kotakin application, where you can find the "artisan" file in there, then run following commands as you prefer.
-
Remove any expired link, with the file (optional)
php artisan kotakin:removeExpiredLink
php artisan kotakin:removeExpiredLink --with-file="true"
-
Remove any download limit reached link, with the file (optional)
php artisan kotakin:removeDlLimitedLink
php artisan kotakin:removeDlLimitedLink --with-file="true"
Localization (Language):
- Download the Poedit from http://www.poedit.net/.
- Edit file "workbench/sule/kotakin/src/lang/kotakin.pot" file using a text editor.
- Change the all the "msgstr" values with language translation, leave the "msgid" values.
- Save the file.
- Choose "New catalog from POT file" from Poedit and select kotakin.pot file.
- Fill required input on the Settings dialog that appear.
- When the save as dialog appear, fill the file name "kotakin.po".
- The Poedit will automatically create es_ES.mo file.
- Create a new folder "es_ES/LC_MESSAGES" inside "workbench/sule/kotakin/src/lang" folder.
- Save / Move the saved "kotakin.po" and "kotakin.mo" file to previously created folder.
- Go to to Admin preference and change the language to "es_ES"..
Update / Changelogs:
v.1.2.5
- Reduce saved file name to 40 chars.
v.1.2.4
- Fixing login link sent to new registered user.
v.1.2.3
- Fixing link expire time checking when no time defined.
- Fixing folder download.
- Provide default user background image if not defined.
v.1.2.2
- Fixing link expire time checking.
- Disable the disk space indicator when the PHP function is not available / disabled.
- Fixing the downloader process, to make sure it still working when PHP fileinfo module is not available.
v.1.2.1
- Fixing changing password.
v.1.2.0
v.1.1.0
- Show disk usage capacity at admin dashboard.
- Add artisan command "kotakin:removeExpiredLink" to remove any expired link, and the file (optional).
- Add artisan command "kotakin:removeDlLimitedLink" to remove any download limit reached link, and the file (optional).
Thanks to...
Kotakin was created with the latest OpenSource Technology available on the market. I would like to thank to:
Final notes
If you have any suggestions, ideas, comments, or if you (gasp!) found a bug, don't hestitate to email me at work@sulaeman.com.


I like to code things from scratch and enjoy bring ideas to life in browser. I believe that with the help of programming I can transform and improve lives of people around the world
I am a full-stack web developer specialized in MERN stack . I have experience in building cross-platform web applications . I have built numerous websites and single page web apps . I have experience with Front-End technologies like HTML , CSS , Javascript , Bootstrap , React and various CSS frameworks . Along with that I am well versed in Back-End technologies like nodeJS ,ExpressJS , MongoDB. Take a look at my work or get in touch!
View Resume
Todolist is a simple todo web app designed and developed using React.
Here you can create new Todo , edit existing todos,or delete to do.
Tech Stack: Html Css Javascript React Uuid
Jokes Generator is a web app which generate new joke on click
of a button.This app is built with icanhazdadjoke API.Used Default fetch-API
to fetch jokes from API.
Tech Stack: Html Css Javascript
Spend-wise is a web app which helps you to track your expences.
You can manage all your credit and debit in single place.
On click of button it will calculate your balance,income and outcome.
Tech Stack: Html Css Javascript
This is a responsive movie info website built using omdb API.
Here you can search for any movie and get info about that movie.
This is highly responsive on all your devices.Built using Bootstrap
for responsiveness.
Tech Stack: Html Css Bootstrap Javascript
Lets Work Together
Mail Me


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% block title %}Home{% endblock %} {% block header %}
During this time of isolation and remote work often we are faced with in a sutuation where there might not be any connection.
We analyze all the messages sent and also put them in a graph to see any interesting types of statements that people might have heard during their time as time.
Whether it is through Facebook Messenger, Text Message, or simply an email it is all possible!


Creates the object, but will also make it possible for the debugger process to create the object instead, this way, the debugger will own all of the queues and data value reference and single stepping of methods are possible.
|
error in (no error) The error in cluster can accept error information wired from VIs previously called. Use this information to decide if any functionality should be bypassed in the event of errors from other VIs. The pop-up option Explain Error (or Explain Warning) gives more information about the error displayed. |
|
status The status boolean is either TRUE (X) for an error, or FALSE (checkmark) for no error or a warning. The pop-up option Explain Error (or Explain Warning) gives more information about the error displayed. |
|
code The code input identifies the error or warning. The pop-up option Explain Error (or Explain Warning) gives more information about the error displayed. |
|
source The source string describes the origin of the error or warning. The pop-up option Explain Error (or Explain Warning) gives more information about the error displayed. |
|
reference in Object reference in. |
|
user counter (T)? If enabled and object is named, a counter of users occur. When the object is deleted, users will be decreased and object will not be killed until last user is zero. |
|
object name Name of the object. Not applicable if create method is 'create'. |
|
create method Selects how to create the object. Create - Object name is ignored and a new object is always created. Create or lookup existing - if object name is an empty string, a new object is always created. If object name is specified, a lookup of that object is performed and if existing this object will be returned, else a new named object will be created. Lookup existing - tries to look up an existing object specified by the object name. If object name is not found or is an empty string, an error will occur. |
|
no registration? (F) If enabled, no registration of the object will occur. It will not show up in the debugger, all objects arrays etc. Garbage collector will not clean this object. It will not be affected by "External Create Process" either. |
|
error out The error out cluster passes error or warning information out of a VI to be used by other VIs. The pop-up option Explain Error (or Explain Warning) gives more information about the error displayed. |
|
status The status boolean is either TRUE (X) for an error, or FALSE (checkmark) for no error or a warning. The pop-up option Explain Error (or Explain Warning) gives more information about the error displayed. |
|
code The code input identifies the error or warning. The pop-up option Explain Error (or Explain Warning) gives more information about the error displayed. |
|
source The source string describes the origin of the error or warning. The pop-up option Explain Error (or Explain Warning) gives more information about the error displayed. |
|
reference out Object reference out. |
|
created new? Indicates if you are first user of the object. |


Group Members Names:
Tonney Magaki, Edgar Amendi, Hussein Mulla, Abdihakim Hassan
.
Pt
able
About
Project
Search
Welcome To The Simplified Periodic Table.
Web Developers - Learners Awesome Dudes
Click to view Periodic Table


Verticator.js for Reveal.js
Verticator shows vertical indicators
On vertical slides only
Change the color in Reveal options
Or change the CSS
Don't overdo it: limit vertical slides
And another slide here
Last slide


After trying the Boffo Honey Oil method, and finding the end result extremely potent, portable and publicly smokeable, I received a flash of inspiration regarding how the method could be modified.
Instead of using a length of PVC pipe as the recepticle for the plant material, a clear plastic bottle is used. A mineral water bottle is ideal. I'll go through the process step by step, pointing out the divergences from the standard method as I go.
You will need:
1 Plastic bottle, large enough to hold the plant material you wish to extract from.
2 Pyrex beakers.
1 Saucepan.
1 coffee filter.
1 Strip of thick card or thin wood, approx. 3' long and 1/2' wide with a hole bored through the centre the right size to take the nozzle of a butane can. When this strip of wood is place over the mouth of the bottle it should not cover it completely. There MUST be a small gap to let air out.
2-4 250ml cans of Butane gas (lighter re-fill). The exact amount depends on how much plant material is used.
1 Thick cloth or oven glove.
Step 1) First the lid of the bottle needs modifying. I found the best method is to perforate the lid with an awl, making five or six holes from the inside of the lid. This is because this pushes out the hole, and when the bottle is up-ended liquid will gravitate towards the holes.
Step 2) Grind or cut up the plant material roughly and, using a funnel, fill the plastic bottle 2/3 full.
Step 3) Set up all your equipment outside in the back yard. Do not attempt this ANYWHERE indoors or near any naked flame or source of ignition. There must be plenty of moving air to carry off the fumes from the evaporating butane.
Step 4) Fit your piece of wood on the nozzle of the butane can and upend it over your bottle. Holding the bottle in one hand covered with the thick cloth or oven glove, making sure that the cloth or glove lightly covers the gap in the bottle mouth left by the piece of wood. This stops the plant material flying out when the butane is added, but allows air to escape, stopping a build-up of pressure. Squirt the butane into the bottle. Do one can at a time.
Step 5) When all the butane is in the bottle, gently swish it around for a few minutes with your protected hand. When the butane has taken on a green tint (the stronger the better) place the coffee filter over the mouth of the bottle and then replace the perforated lid over it.
Step 6) Up-end the bottle over your Pyrex beaker and wait until all the butane has dripped out.
Step 7) The butane will begin boiling immediately, but this process can be sped up by placing the beaker in a pan half full of very warm water.
Step 8) While the first extraction is evaporating, repeat steps 4 & 5. The green tinge of the butane will be much less intense. This extraction should be poured into the other beaker to evaporate. The more plant material, the more times this will have to be repeated to get all the THC out.
Once the butane is evaporated, the oil can be transferred to small herbal tincture bottles (the ones with a glass pippette built into the lid) by adding enough Isopropyl alcohol to make the oil runny, then sucking it up with the pippette and squirting it into the bottle. This can be stored like this for months and is indistinguishable from other herbal tinctures/extracts. A few drops on a roll-up cigarette (prior to rolling and left for a few minutes to evaporate) results in a joint that, when smoked, smells nothing like a joint, but a slightly perfumed normal cigarette. I'm sure you can work out the advantages of this.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Gaia¶
Gaia is an ambitious mission to chart a three-dimensional map of our Galaxy, the Milky Way, in the process revealing the composition, formation and evolution of the Galaxy. Gaia will provide unprecedented positional and radial velocity measurements with the accuracies needed to produce a stereoscopic and kinematic census of about one billion stars in our Galaxy and throughout the Local Group. This amounts to about 1 per cent of the Galactic stellar population.
Right now we are at Gaia DR2 (06/2019)
Basic Information:¶
All data are available from the ESA Gaia Data Archive
Also at Gaia at CDS; Gaia at ARI; Gaia at AIP; and Gaia at ASDC
And all Gaia data can be directly downloaded from here in .csv format
Data Release:¶
Using Gaia Data¶
Estimating distances from parallaxes. IV. Distances to 1.33 billion stars in Gaia data release 2
The “BailerJones” catalog of distance.
Tutorials on the use of (Gaia) astrometry in astronomical data analysis or inference problems
By Anthony Brown. This is a must read
Also see his example of the construction of a sample of sources from Gaia DR2 with all recommend data quality filtering applied
And Python code for calculating the Renormalized Unit Weight Error from the Gaia DR2 table columns
Slides about Gaia DR2 astrometry
Slides about Working with Gaia Data
The Gaia TAP+ catalog can be accessed through astroquery.gaia module. Here is a Python example for DR2
-
This website provides cross-matched catalogs of Gaia data for stars observed by Kepler/K2
Important Documents:¶
Special Issues:¶
There are too many important publications about the Gaia mission, instrument, data reduction, and data release. Most of these “official” publications are compiled into two special issues of the Astronomy & Astrophysics:
Important Publications:¶
Softwares and Tools:¶
PyGaia - Python toolkit for basic Gaia data simulation, manipulation, and analysis
By Anthony Brown. PyGaia provides python modules for the simulation of Gaia data and their errors, as well modules for the manipulation and analysis of the Gaia catalogue data
[__gaia_tools__ - Tools for working with the @ESAGaia data and related data sets](https://github.com/jobovy/gaia_tools)
By Jo Bovy. Tools for working with the ESA/Gaia data and related data sets (APOGEE, GALAH, LAMOST DR2, and RAVE).
GaiaTools - A collection of scripts for analyzing the data from the Gaia satellite
By the Oxford’s Galactic Dynamics group.
-
By CDS. Depends on python-cdsclient
Gaia Sky - a real-time, 3D, astronomy visualisation software
Conferences and Sprints¶
-
A project to support exploration and scientific use of the Gaia Data Releases.
There are a lot of interesting discussions and ideas can be found in the sprint website.
KITP Project 2019: Dynamical Models for Stars and Gas in Galaxies in the Gaia Era
Most of the talks can be found on line
There is also a associated conference: In the Balance: Stasis and Disequilibrium in the Milky Way
Gaia Data Workshop - Heidelberg 2018
A lot of useful slides are available here.
49th Saas-Fee Advanced Course - The Milky Way in the Gaia Era
Video lectures and course materials are available.
Social Media¶
[Twitter handle: @ESAGaia](https://twitter.com/ESAGaia)


The first time an aircraft 'took-off’ in India was on 10th March 1910, when a Corsican hotelier based in Madras, Giacomo D'Angelis, flew a Biplane he had designed. Interestingly, that was a mere seven years after the historical flight of Wright brothers, as they introduced the world to their new invention, at Kittyhawk, USA on 17th December 1903.
Very soon, some British army officers, who became flying enthusiasts, realized the potential of using this new invention in warfare. In 1913, Captain SD Massey of 29th Punjab Regiment, Indian Army, established a military flying school at Sitapur (around 90 km from Lucknow) in present-day Uttar Pradesh. The units trained here went on to serve in World War I (1914-1918), under the unofficial name of Indian Air Corps. Indra Lal Roy (1898-1918), a scion of a wealthy Bengali zamindari family and a member of the Indian Air Corps, is considered to be the first Indian Fighter Aircraft Pilot. His nephew, Subroto Mukherjee would go on to become the first Indian to become the ‘Chief of Air Staff’ in 1954.
On 1st April 1918, the Indian Air Corps would be reorganized as a part of the Royal Air Force (RAF), which operated out of Risalpur (near Peshawar), Quetta, Ambala (Punjab) Lahore and Sitapur (UP). However, this was just an arm of the British Air Force, used for operations against tribes along the Afghan border. By 1927, there was strong pressure to establish, a separate Airforce for India. In 1930, six Indian cadets were selected for training at the RAF College at Cranwell in Lincolnshire UK and in January 1932, around 29 technicians, mostly from railway workshops were appointed as ‘Havai Sepoys’ to work as ground staff. Finally, on 8th October 1932, the then Government of (British) India passed the ‘Indian Air Force Act’ and a new branch of the Indian armed forces, the Indian Air Force or the erstwhile Royal Indian Air Force, was officially born.
The IAF's first ac flight came into being on 01 Apr 1933. The aircraft inventory comprised of four Westland Wapiti IIA army co-operation biplanes at Drigh Road as the "A" Flight nucleus of the planned No.1 (Army Co- operation) Squadron.
Four-and-a-half years later, "A" Flight was in action for the first time from Miranshah, in North Waziristan, to support Indian Army operations against insurgent Bhittani tribesmen. Meanwhile, in April 1936, a "B" Flight had also been formed on the vintage Wapiti. But, it was not until June 1938 that a "C" Flight was raised to bring No. 1 Squadron ostensibly to full strength, and this remained the sole IAF formation when World War II began, although personnel strength had by now risen to 16 officers and 662 men.
Problems concerning the defence of India were reassessed in 1939 by the Chatfield Committee. It proposed the re-equipment of RAF (Royal Air Force) squadrons based in lndia but did not make any suggestions for the accelerating the then painfully slow growth of IAF except for a scheme to raise five flights on a voluntary basis to assist in the defence of the principal ports. An IAF Volunteer Reserve was thus authorised, although equipping of the proposed Coastal Defence Flights (CDFs) was somewhat inhibited by aircraft availability. Nevertheless, five such flights were established with No. 1 at Madras, No. 2 at Bombay, No. 3 at Calcutta, No. 4 at Karachi and No. 5 at Cochin. No. 6 was later formed at Vizagapatanam. Built up around a nucleus of regular IAF and RAF personnel, these flights were issued with both ex-RAF Wapitis and those relinquished by No. 1 Squadron IAF after its conversion to the Hawker Hart. In the event, within a year, the squadron was to revert back to the Wapiti because of spares shortages, the aged Westland biplanes being supplemented by a flight of Audaxes.
At the end of March 1941, Nos. 1 and 3 CDFs gave up their Wapitis which were requisitioned to equip No. 2 Squadron raised at Peshawar in the following month, and were instead issued with Armstrong Whitworth Atalanta transports, used to patrol the Sunderbans delta area south of Calcutta. No. 2 CDF had meanwhile received requisitioned D.H. 89 Dragon Rapides for convoy and coastal patrol, while No. 5 CDF took on strength a single D.H. 86 which it used to patrol the west of Cape Camorin and the Malabar Coast.
Meanwhile the creation of a training structure in India became imperative and RAF flying instructors were assigned to flying clubs to instruct IAF Volunteer Reserve cadets on Tiger Moths. 364 pupils were to receive elementary flying training at seven clubs in British India and two in various princely States by the end of 1941. Some comparative modernity was infused in August 1941, when No. 1 Squadron began conversion to the Westland Lysander at Drigh Road, the Unit being presented with a full establishment of 12 Lysanders at Peshawar by the Bombay War Gifts Fund in the following November. No. 2 Squadron had converted from the Wapiti to the Audax in September 1941 and, on 1 October No. 3 Squadron, similarly Audax-equipped, was raised at Peshawar.
The IAF VR was now inducted into the regular IAF, the individual flights initially retaining their coastal defence status, but with Japan's entry into the war in December, No. 4 Flight, with four Wapitis and two Audaxes, was despatched to Burma to operate from Moulmein. Unfortunately, four of the flight's six aircraft were promptly lost to Japanese bombing and, late in January 1942, No. 4 Flight gave place in Moulmein to No. 3 Flight which had meanwhile re-equipped with four ex-RAF Blenheim ls. For a month, these Blenheims were to provide almost the sole air cover for ships arriving at Rangoon harbour.
On 1 February 1942, No.1 Squadron arrived in Burma with its Lysanders, flying tactical recce missions from Toungoo before transferring to Mingaladon with a flight deployed at Lashio. IAF personnel were soon hanging pairs of 250-lb. bombs on each of their Lysanders and with these, flew low-level unescorted missions against the principal Japanese air bases at Mae-Haungsaun, Cheingmai and Chiangrai in Thailand. However, the Japanese advance was relentless and with the final evacuation of Burma, No.1 Squadron personnel were flown to India, where at Risalpur in June 1942, the unit began conversion to the Hurricane IIB fighter. No.2 Squadron had also equipped with Lysanders by the end of 1941, being confined to anti-invasion exercises until, in September 1942, it emulated the IAF's premier unit by converting to Hurricanes. The third IAF unit to operate the Lysander was No.4 Squadron, formed with four aircraft on 16 February 1942. This squadron was to continue to operate the Westland aircraft until it, too was re-equipped with the Hurricane in June 1943.
Six months earlier, No.6 Squadron was raised with personnel from Nos 1 and 2 flights, being Hurricane-equipped from the outset. Between March and December 1942, 10 aircrew schools were opened in India, and the first Harvard Is and IIs were delivered to No. 1 Flying Training School at Ambala, this school having been established to provide basic and advanced training for IAF pilots over a four-and-half month course. By the end of that year, however,or a decade after the IAF's creation and three years into World War II, the Service could muster just five squadrons. The coastal defence flights had now been disbanded and most personnel of Nos.3 and 6 Flights were combined with regular IAF personnel to form No. 7 Squadron which was equipped with the U:S. - built Vengeance 1 dive bomber in mid-February 1943. No. 8 Squadron was raised meanwhile, on 1 December 1942, absorbing the remaining coastal defence flight personnel, and also issued with the Vengeance, to achieve operational status on 25June 1943.
The Vengeance suffered numerous defects and teething troubles, necessitating temporary withdrawal from the two IAF squadrons, but the problems were eventually mitigated if not eradicated, and No. 8 Sqn flew its first operational Vengeance sorties against Japanese targets from Double Moorings, Chittagong, on 15 December 1943, No. 7 Squadron, which had flown its Vengeances on some missions against dissident tribesmen in North Waziristan, started operations in the Arakan from an airstrip at Uderbund, near Kumbigram, where it arrived on 12 March 1944, the two squadrons converting to Vengeance IIIs during the course of operations and both flying with considerable distinction.No. 7 Squadron discarded its dive bombers in favour of Hurricane IIs for the tactical-reconnaissance role in November 1944, No. 8 Squadron becoming the first to convert onto the Spitfire VIII during the previous month and commencing operations on 3 January 1945 in the Kangaw area.
Both Nos 9 and 10 Squadrons were raised on Hurricanes in the early months of 1944, and thus, by the end of the year, the operational element of the IAF had risen to nine squadrons, with Nos. 1,2,3,4,6,7,9 and 10 on Hurricanes and No.8 on Spitfires. Five of the Hurricane-equipped squadrons played a major role in the Arakan offensive which began in December 1944, disrupting the enemy's lines of communication and constantly harrying the Japanese forces until victory was achieved with the re-occupation of Rangoon on 3 May 1945. In that month, No. 4 Squadron became the second IAF Spitfire unit when it re-equipped with the Mk VIII version of this fighter, and No. 9 followed suit to complete conversion byJuly, by which time No. 10 had begun conversion, and the Hurricane, backbone of the IAF combat element for much of the war, was rapidly phased out.
During the war years, the steady expansion of the IAF had placed all emphasis on army co-operation and tactical reconnaissance; it had continued to fly ageing equipment such as the Hurricane when such aircraft as the Thunderbolt and Mosquito were being inducted in large numbers by other Allied forces in the theatre and it had, in consequence, suffered a sense of equipment inferiority. Nevertheless, assigned the least glamorous of tasks and flying obsolescent equipment, the Service established traditions of courage and efficiency second to none; its personnel had been awarded 22 Distinguished Flying Crosses and a host of other decorations, and in recognition of its achievements, the Service had been honoured by bestowal of the prefix "Royal" on its title in March 1945.
The stimulus provided by the Second World War had raised RIAF personnel strength to 28,500 including some 1,600 officers, by the time hostilities terminated. In August 1945, No. 4 Squadron was designated a component unit of the British Commonwealth Occupation Forces in Japan, exchanging its Spitfire Vllls for Mk XlVs in October and arriving in Japan aboard HMS vengence on 23 April 1946. Meanwhile, from late 1945, theremaining Hurricane-equipped RIAF fighter squadrons converted to the Spitfire at Kohat, Samungli and Risalpur and by mid-1946 the entire RIAF fighter force was Spitfire-equipped. The year 1946 also saw the establishment of the first RIAF transport unit, No.12 Squadron which had first been raised on Spitfires at Kohat in December 1945 and received C-47 Dakotas in Panagarh in late 1946. A decision had also been taken to re-equip the fighter squadrons with the Tempest II, and implementation of this decision began during the autumn of 1946, No. 3 Squadron at Kolar becoming the first to re-equip, followed by No.10 Squadron later in 1946.
Personnel strength had meanwhile been virtually halved to some 14,000 officers and men in the post-war rundown, but the British authorities had made their own assessment of India's post-war defence needs. As of October 1946, they envisaged expansion of the existing ten RIAF squadrons into a balanced force of twenty fighter, bomber and transport squadrons. Owing to the rapidly changing political situation, however, definitive decisions concerning Indian defence were, in the event, to be left to the emerging Government of Independent India. No. 4 Squadron converted to the Tempest 11 upon its return to India from Japan and Nos.7 and 8 Squadrons also relinquished their Spitfires for the more efficacious Tempest fighter during the summer of 1947. Nos. 1 and 9 Squadrons, too, received Tempest lls at this time, but on 15 August 1947, and with the division of both India and its armed forces, these units stood down and their equipment was transferred to the newly created Royal Pakistan Air Force. Thus, the principal components of the RIAF at partition were Nos. 3,4,7,8 and 10 Squadrons with Tempest us, No. 2 Squadron with Spitfires and No. 12 Squadron with C-47s, plus No. 1 Air Observation Flight, the establishment of which with AOP Auster 4s, 5s, and 6s, coincided with independence. No. 6 Squadron, which had been in process of converting from Spitfires to C-47s at Drigh Road, had been stood down and its transports transferred to Pakistan.
The RIAF had lost many permanent bases and other establishments as a result of the division of the country, but was to have virtually no breathing space in which to recover from the surgery that had accompanied partition before the Service was to find itself once more firing its guns in earnest. On 27 October 1947, No.12 Sqn was to initiate the remarkable feat of air-lifting the Ist Sikhs from Palam onto the rough and dusty Srinagar airstrip without planning or reconnaissance as the initial Indian response to the sizeable insurgent forces that were pouring across the border into Jammu and Kashmir. On 30 October, the first Spitfires from the Advanced Flying School at Ambala reached Srinagar and were soon engaged in strafing the raiders beyond Pattan. Within a week, the Tempests of No. 7 Squadron were playing a decisive role in the battle of Shelatang which halted the forward momentum of the insurgents.
The fighting was to continue for 15 months, with heavy RIAF involvement throughout, a ceasefire eventually coming into force on 1 January 1949, but despite being continuously on an operational footing throughout this period, the reorganisation and modernisation of the Service continued unabated. The Combined Services Headquarters had meanwhile been separated for command purposes and Air Headquarters established in New Delhi. This included the Operational and Training Commands, No. 1 Operational Group having been formed to supervise all RIAF units and their support elements engaged in the campaign in Jammu and Kashmir.
No. 2 Squadron had re-equipped with Spitfire XVllls in the interim, and No. 9 Squadron re-raised on this type; No. 101 Photo Reconnaissance Flight was formed in January 1948 on Spitfire PR Mk. XlXs, this unit being destined to achieve full squadron status in April 1950. To make up attrition suffered in the Kashmir operations, a further batch of Tempest IIs was procured from the UK in December 1948. The same year witnessed various equipment changes, one of which was to have a profound effect on the composition of the RIAF. The Service, wishing to establish a heavy bombing element, contracted with HAL to "re-construct" a force of B-24 Liberators from the mouldering remains of nearly 100 ex USAF bombers of this type at the immense Care and Maintenance Unit Depot at Kanpur.
Despite the scepticism on the part of the US and British advisers concerning the feasibility of the scheme, the first half-dozen HAL-reconditioned B-24s were ready by November 1948 and, on the 17th of that month, No. 5 Squadron was formed with these heavy bombers. Later, in early 1950, No. 6 Squadron was to re-form at Poona also with B-24s, while No.16 Squadron was to be established to provide back-up training on thetype. To supplement the Tiger Moths, Prentice basic trainers were delivered to the RIAF during the course of 1948, eventually to see service at Jodhpur, Tambaram and Ambala, but truly epoch making in so far as the Service was concerned, was the arrival in India on 4 November 1948 of three Vampire F.Mk.3 jet fighters. These were the precursors of more than 400 Vampires of various types that were procured by the Service over the following years. The achievement of operational status on the Vampire FBMk.52 by No. 7 Squadron in the following year was to give the RIAF the distinction of becoming the first Asian air arm to operate jets.
In January 1950, India became a Republic within the British Commonwealth and the Indian Air Force dropped its "Royal" prefix. At this time, it possessed six fighter squadrons of Spitfires, Vampires and Tempests, operating from Kanpur, Poona, Ambala and Palam, one B-24 bomber squadron, one C-47 Dakota transport squadron, one AOP flight, a communications squadron at Palam and a growing training organisation. Training adhered closely to the pattern established by the RAF, most instructors having graduated from the CFS in the UK and in addition to No.1. Flying Training School at Hyderabad with Tiger Moths and Harvards and No. 2 FTS atJodhpur with Prentices and Harvards, there were IAF colleges at Begumpet, Coimbatore andJodhpur. Licence manufacture of the de Havilland Vampire had been initiated by HAL which, after building a batch from imported major assemblies, went on to manufacture a further 250.
In addition, 60 Vampire T Mk. 55s were to be built of which 10 were assembled from imported kits. Nos.2,3 and 8 Squadrons followed No.7 Squadron on the Vampire, but, extraordinarily, 1951 also saw the formation of the last piston-engined fighter combat unit when No. 14 Squadron was raised on the Spitfire Mk. XVIII. Vampire NF Mk. 54 two-seat night fighters were obtained in May 1953 to re-equip No. 10. Sqn at Palam, thus endowing night-intercept capability upon the IAF for the first time. At this time, relations between India and Pakistan were again steadily deteriorating and the IAF, its combat strength virtually unchanged since partition in 1947, was scarcely ready for any full-scale conflict. Plans were accordingly framed for major expansion during the period 1953-57, and the Government began to seek non-traditional and alternative sources of combat aircraft procurement.
Selection of the Dassault Ouragan fighter from France at this time reflected the decision to initiate diversification of supply sources. The first four of over 100 Ouragans, or Toofanis as they were to become known in the IAF, reached Palam from France on 24 October 1953, and this type re-equipped Nos.8, 3 and 4 Squadrons in that order. The Toofanis were eventually to be passed on to newly-raised units Nos. 29 and 47 Squadrons, with the re-equipment in 1957 of Nos. 3 and 8 Squadrons with the Mystere IVA from the same Gallic stable.
Re-equipment of the combat units necessarily assumed an overriding priority in view of the growth of what were seen as threats to India's integrity, but expansion of airlift capability was also vital. A second transport squadron, No. 11, had been formed on C-47 Dakotas in September 1951, and considerable enhancement of the Service's logistic support capacity was heralded by procurement of 26 Fairchild C-119G Packets from the United States which reached India by the end of 1954. Rapidly to assume the status of an airlift backbone, the C- 119Gs were issued to No. 12 Squadron, which, for some years, operated them in concert with the C-47s, the older transports eventually passing to a newly-raised unit, No. 43 Squadron. A second batch of 29 C- 119Gs was obtained in July 1960, and the transport fleet was further augmented by another 24 C-119Gs in May 1963 under US emergency military aid.
Both the establishment of a Maintenance Command and resurrection of the Auxiliary Air Force took place in 1955, two units of the latter being formed as Nos. 51 and 52 Squadrons at New Delhi and Bombay. A third AAF unit, No. 53 Sqn, was raised at Madras in the following year, and four more added over the next two years, Nos. 54 (Allahabad), 55 (Calcutta), 56 (Bhubaneshwar) and 57 (Chandigarh) Squadrons. The AAF squadrons were equipped with the HAL-designed HT-2 trainer - officially introduced into service on 10 January 1955 - and the Harvard, although Vampire FB Mk. 52s were added in 1959.
Expansion and modernisation Particularly significant in IAF was the year 1957, which witnessed true beginnings of the major re-equipment programme that was to raise the Service fully to world standards. Deliveries began of 110 Dassault Mystere IVAs, carrying the service into the realms of transonic flight for the first time, and both Hawker Hunters and English Electric Canberras began to enter the IAF inventory. A new No. 1 Squadron was raised on the Mystere, the existing Vampire-equipped No. 1 Squadron being redesignated as No. 27 Squadron; No. 5 Squadron re-equipped with the Canberra B(l) Mk. 58, and, at the year's end, No. 7 Squadron began conversion to the Hunter FMk.56. It was perhaps appropriate that the year which saw commencement of an immense infusion of modern hardware should also witness the end of the IAF's piston-engined fighter epoch: No. 14 Squadron, the last firstline piston-engined fighter unit, flew in its Spitfire Mk. XVllls to Halwara in preparation for re-equipment with the Vampire.
The IAF's energies were now taxed heavily with implementation of an expansion programme aimed at raising the Service from a 15-squadron force to no fewer than 33 squadrons over an extremely short span of years: a Herculean task when performed simultaneously with sweeping equipment changes. Several new squadrons, such as Nos. 15, 17, 20, 24, 27 and 45, were raised on Vampire FB Mk. 52s as interim equipment; Canberra B(l) Mk. 58s had equipped two additional squadrons, Nos. 16 and 35 by 1959, No. 106 Squadron having equipped with Canberra PR Mk. 57s and by the end of the 1961, six squadrons (Nos.7, 14, 17, 20, 27 and 37) were equipped with the Hunter. Growth was not restricted to the combat elements for, in parallel, the IAF's transport force was enlarged to six squadrons, three with C-47s (Nos. 11, 43 and 49), two with C-119Gs (Nos. 12 and 19) and one with DHC-3 Otters (No.41).
The early sixties were accompanied by the IAF's induction of yet more new aircraft types, the most interesting of these arguably being the Folland Gnat lightweight fighter. With its startling agility, the Gnat proffered outstanding cost effectiveness and during the mid-fifties a licence agreement was concluded for its manufacture by HAL following delivery of 23 complete aircraft and 20 sets of components by the parent company. The first IAF unit, No. 23 Squadron, converted from the Vampire FB Mk. 52 to the Gnat in March 1960. No. 2 Squadron re-equipped with the Gnat at Ambala early in 1962, and No.9 Squadron soon followed suit.
MONUC was the third major contribution of the IAF under UN flag. As the situation in North-East Congo was turning grave with repeated massacres and killings of innocent civilians; international community decided to strengthen its military presence. India contributed armed helicopters and utility helicopters in the Congolese provinces of North Kivu and Ituri. The IAF unit in Goma/Bunia was called the Indian Aviation Contingent (IAC-I) and the major lodger units included one Mi-25 Squadron and one Mi-17 squadron. These squadrons were equipped with four Mi-25 aircraft and five Mi-17 helicopters respectively along with aircrew and ground support personnel. This invaluable asset increased the MONUC's sphere of influence in the Eastern DRC and UN forces were been able to reach areas that had hitherto been outside its sphere of influence. In addition to this enhancement of sphere of operation, the arrival of IAC 1, followed by IAC2 and 3 also conferred upon MONUC a high degree of firepower both in North Kivu and Ituri province. This firepower in turn conferred upon MONUC an ability to deter various rebel groups who now feared retribution from the skies.
The first time when an IAF squadron was led in the volatile situation of Congo was in the sixties. The unit had six Canberra B (I) MK-58 fighter aircraft with aircrew and ground support personnel. The Squadron was commanded by Wing Commander AIK Suares. India inducted these aircraft through a long haul over the Gulf countries and Africa commencing their long flights from Agra on 09 Oct 1961.
After arriving at Congo, the Canberra team started their mission by adopting an intensive flying programme. The Squadron was given its area of responsibility over southern Katanga province aligned with the Indian forces. The Canberras practiced low level (500 feet) and night flying over the area of operations. This also enabled the UN to show their robust presence with a show of UN flag.
In August 1961, the Indian Brigade Group had launched 'Operation RUMPUNCH' against the foreign mercenaries creating law and order problems in Katanga province. These mercenaries were instrumental in declaration of secession of this province and creating an impasse in the peace process. The Canberras started their operations in 1961 by attacking and destroying certain mercenary position in strategically significant town of Kolwezi. The rebels had a substantial air element comprised of old aircraft which posed a great danger to UN freedom of movement in the area. The Squadron was given the task to locate and destroy this element. IAF operations commenced in Leopoldville and Kamina and within a short time rebel air forces were incapacitated. The Canberras repeatedly raided Katangan targets and were instrumental in providing much needed long range fire support to the UN ground forces. At times the targets were at a distance of 1000 km with an intense cloud cover over the way points. The Indian pilots used many ingenious methods to lead themselves to the targets. They intensively used a lake, which was a prominent mark to the west of Kolwezi and then used good old map reading over the final leg to the airfield, using the Green Satin airborne navigation aid.
Wing Commander Suares was the first to carry out the daring yet risky engagement profile using 20 mm cannon. This was followed by another attack by Flight Lieutenant Gautam, thus destroying the Fouga Magister aircraft. By the efforts of these two officers, the IAF was able to establish a near air supremacy over the skies of Elizabethville and Kamina.
Wing Commander Suares and his team persisted with their offensive air support over Kolwezi, based on the requirements of UN forces in the area. After locating rebel positions, the Squadron carried out a show of force by low level flying over the main target area and also engaged the rebels with cannon fire. After testing rebel reaction capability, a deliberate offensive action was taken by Flight Lieutenant Dushyant Singh, who raided the rebel hideout in a post office area. The Canberras were welcomed by a strong anti-aircraft firing from the rebels. The distraction by the leading aircraft allowed other Canberras in the same attack to destroy road convoys, ammunition dumps and other key locations captured by the rebel forces. In the weeks following these attacks, the Squadron made many such operational sorties around Elizabethville. In the next few weeks, the Canberras also carried out armed reconnaissance sorties, engaging rebel lines of communications. The Squadron had an added capacity of photo reconnaissance, which was made full use of by the ground forces. This included both photographic and visual reports on the conditions of bridges in rebel held territory; movement of the rebel forces and their concentrations.
Further procurement source diversification had been signified late in 1960 when, as a result of the increasing frequency of clashes with Chinese forces on the Sino-lndian Himalayan border and the need that these revealed for yet further increase in airlift capability, together with a requirement for medium helicopters suitable for high-altitude operation, orders were placed in the Soviet Union for eight Antonov An- 12B and 24 Ilyushin Il- 14 transport aircraft plus 10 Mi-4 helicopters. The first An-12B arrived in India on 1 March 1961, No. 44 Squadron being formed on this type, the 11-14s that followed equipping another newly-raised squadron, No. 42. A follow-on order for a further eight An-12Bs was placed early in 1962, the IAF finally beginning to build up a really credible heavy airlift capability which was to be immensely enhanced with the arrival of a further 25 An-12Bs under a loan agreement signed in July 1963, a second squadron, No.25, meanwhile being formed on this type.
The Mi-4 helicopter was to have as profound an effect on IAF capability as did the An-12B. Prior to the phase-in on this Soviet type, the Service had but a handful of ageing Sikorsky S-55s, plus a number of small Bell 47Gs, and with the delivery of Mi-4s, major expansion of the IAF rotorcraft inventory began. No.109 Helicopter Unit was formed with the first Mi-4s and following an order for further 16 Mi-4s in early 1962, other helicopter units were formed in North-East India, successive orders in 1963-64 and 1966 eventually bringing the total number of Mi-4s procured to 120.
There could, of course, be no abatement in equipment modernisation. While the Indo-Pakistan conflict had underlined the vital importance of the state or readiness of the men flying and servicing the aircraft, their training and motivation, the efficacy of their equipment was of equal concern. When the September 1965 hostilities began, the MiG-21 had still to achieve operational status. No. 28 Squadron had been formed on the MiG-21 clear-weather day intercept model but was still very much a trials unit then flying localised CAPs. Early acquisition of MiG-21s of a later and more potent version was considered essential to accelerate re-equipment of squadrons still flying such patently obsolete types as the Vampire FBMk.52. Thus sufficient numbers of the improved MiG-21FL (Type 77 in IAF parlance) were imported in flyaway condition to initiate the programme, and these, together with others imported in CKD form for HAL assembly, were to be sufficient for the re-equipment of nine squadrons during the period 1966-69.
Owing to the success enjoyed by the Gnat during the conflict, plans for its early-1966 phase-out by HAL were halted and production was fully reinstated, to result in a further four Gnat squadrons (Nos 15, 21, 22 and 24) being formed during 1966-68. Delay in availability of the HAL-designed HF-24 Marut for the ground attack fighter mission led, in 1966, to the IAF evaluating and the Government purchasing the Sukhoi Su-7BM, deliveries of which from the Soviet Union were to commence in March 1968, with No.26 Squadron being the first of a half-dozen squadrons that were to operate the type. Within three years of the Indo-Pakistan conflict, the IAF, which had achieved equal status with the Army on 15 January 1966, possessed in excess of 70,000 personnel and was nearing its 45-squadron goal. Its composition in the autumn of 1968 included 23 fighter category squadrons, three tactical bomber squadrons, a maritime patrol squadron (with ex-Air India L. 1049G Super Constellations), 11 transport squadrons, four AOP squadrons, a number of helicopter units and a few SAM squadrons.
Numerically predominating in the fighter inventory was the Gnat, equipping eight squadrons; six squadrons were equipped with the Hunter, a further four on the MiG-21FL and two on the Mystere IVA. Two squadrons fulfilled the photo-recce fighter role with adapted Vampire T Mk. 55s and one squadron was operating the HF-24 Marut. The bombing element comprised three squadrons equipped with the Canberra; the maritime reconnaissance unit, No. 6 Sqn, had finally relinquished its Liberators late in 1967, and was operating adapted L- 1049G Super Constellations.
The airlift component consisted of two squadrons with An- 12Bs, three with C- 119Gs, three with C-47s, two with Otters and one each with 11-14s and Caribous while one squadron was in process of converting from the C-47 to the HS. 748. The AOP squadrons operated a mix of Auster AOP-9s and HAL-designed HAOP-27 Krishaks, and the Helicopter Units, which were not formed into separate squadrons, were equipped with the Mi-4 and the Alouette 111 (Chetak). As the sixties translated to the seventies, the IAF consolidated its expansion plans, attaining its 45-squadron goal. Obsolescent equipment was steadily withdrawn to be succeeded by increasing numbers of HF-24s, MiG-21FLs and SU-7BMs and in March 1971, planning began on the creation of an extensive Air Defence Ground Environment System (ADGES), the emphasis initially being placed on strengthening surveillance of the Sino-lndian border. Flying training was rationalised and expanded and, in January 1971, the Air Force Academy at Dundigal (near Hyderabad) was inaugurated.
Aircraft Systems Testing Establishment (ASTE) the Tactics & Air Combat Development Establishment, (TACDE), the 'College of Air Combat' and other specialist establiments continued to mature. Work on the ADGES was resumed in 1974-75 and plans for the qualitative upgrading of the entire Air Force were continually refined. The IAF handed over its Super Constellations to the Navy in 1975. The early seventies saw force levels being consolidated, and training in new weapons-systems and evolution of new tactics being honed.
By the mid '70s, the IAF was clearly in need of urgent re-equipment decisions and various requirements, better known by their acronyms DPSA, TASA, METAC and HETAC, were pursued and decisions were forthcoming at last. The period, the IAF was to benefit from a crest in the eighties, the period 1978-88 witnessing a major modernisation programme which replaced most of the earlier generation and obsolete equipment with spanking new aircraft types and weapon systems. No less than twenty new aircraft types and sub-types entered the IAF's service over these years, including various strike fighters, third-generation supersonic interceptors, tri-sonic reconnaissance aircraft, strategic heavy lift transports, medium tactical transports, light transport aircraft, heavy lift and medium-assault helicopters, basic trainers, surface-to-air missiles and an array of sophisticated weaponry propelling the IAF, or Bharatiya Vayu Sena, into one of the world's better equipped air arms.
First off the mark was selection of the Jaguar strike fighter, to meet the IAF's urgent Deep Penetration Strike Aircraft (DPSA) requirement, to replace the Canberra and Hunter still soldiering on in this exacting role. After many years of evaluation and negotiation, the Anglo-French fighter was contracted for, an interim batch of ex-RAF Jaguars being accepted to re-equip No. 14 Squadron. IAF pilots and technicians received conversion training with the RAF and British Aerospace in Lossiemouth, Coltishall and Warton before ferrying the first Jaguars to India in July 1979. These were followed by a batch of U.K. built Jaguars to re-equip No. 5 Squadron even as simultaneously, HAL prepared for production of the aircraft, its powerplants, avionics and accessories in India. By the mid-80s, the Jaguar was in service with Nos. 5, 14, 16 and 27 Squadrons while a flight of No.6 Squadron was equipped with the Maritime Jaguar carrying the new generation Sea Eagle anti-ship sea-skimming missile. The Jaguar strike fighter was equipped also with Magic air-to-air missiles on unique overwing pylons, featured advanced nay-attack systems and able to carry formidable warload till the far ends of the sub-continent.
Meanwhile, in 1976, the "third generation" MiG-21bis, considered the definitive variant of the classic tailed-delta fighter design, was to follow-on the "M" sub-type, as a multi-role air superiority/ground attack version. The MiG-21bis assumed the prime air defence mantle and sufficient numbers were acquired in 1976-77 to equip three squadrons (Nos. 15, 21 and 23) formerly operating the Gnat light fighter. With some 580 MiG-21s delivered by HAL and nearly 250 MiG-21s (including the two-seat operational trainers) imported as "fly aways", the type remained an immense asset for the Indian Air Force for over a quarter century. The quantity vs. quality dilemma inevitably faced by most of the world's air forces as a consequence of spiralling costs was mitigated for the IAF by the large scale availability of the MiG-21, which type will surely go down as one of aviation history's all-time classics.
The next requirement to be met was for a Tactical Air Strike Aircraft (TASA). With the various development programmes to enhance the operational performance of the HF-24 Marut by HAL abandoned for one reason or the other, the Government of India concluded an agreement with the Soviet Union for the MiG-23 variable-sweep fighter. Four squadrons, then flying the HF-24 and Sukhoi Su-7 were re-equipped with the MiG-23BN and induction into IAF service of this swing-wing fighter. Nos. 10 and 220 Squadrons were shortly operational on the new type and Nos. 31 and 221 followed to add a considerable measure of potency to the offensive air support formations of the IAF. The dedicated strike derivative, selected for licence production by HAL, was the MiG-27M which shared the overall configuration of the BN but was optimised for low-level, high-speed performance. The last Sukhoi Su-7 Squadron (No.222) became the first MiG-27M unit and the Ajeet light fighter squadrons were gradually re-equipped with the MiG-27ML, No.9 being followed by Nos.18,22 and lately, No.2.
Induction of the new generation F-16 fighter by the PAF in 1981-82 was a "dejavu" type situation for India and in order to counter such a challenge, the Government contracted for the MiG-23MF air superiority version of the swing-wing fighter, equipped with beyond-visual range missiles, and two new squadrons (Nos. 223 and 224) were formed on the type in 1982. However, these were considered only an interim solution and, in the absence of suitable, known, Soviet equivalents, India turned to Western sources for an advanced technology interceptor. In 1982, a contract was finalised with France for the Mirage 2000 delta-wing, fly-by-wire fighter, with high agility and a formidable radar/missile combination. IAF pilots and technicians had converted to the Mirage 2000 at Mont de Marsan and ferried the fighters from France in the summer of 1985. Two squadrons (Nos. 1 and 7) were re-equipped with the new French fighter in 1985-86 and the Indian Air Force employed this multi-role advanced technology fighter to good effect in a number of actions within the next few years.
Not too long afterwards, the Indian Air Force was, to be pleasantly surprised when its test pilots were invited to evaluate the Soviet Union's latest, still-under-wraps, air superiority fighter, vaguely known to the public as the Fulcrum. Officially designated the MiG-29, the IAF team was obviously delighted by the new generation fighter's performance and handling qualities, described as "truly outstanding". Two years were to pass, however, before the Governments of India and the Soviet Union formalised an agreement for supply of the MiG-29, integrated with contemporary pulse doppler radar and new weapon systems.


{% extends 'swampdragon_notifications/emails/base_notification.html' %} {% block body %} You have a new notification.


--- layout: default ---
Since VAX is not bounded to any specific domain language — you create your own!
Table of contents:
An advanced schema skeleton has following sections:
{% highlight yaml %} colors: # Color aliases for future referencing types: # Define types, their inheritance and type parameters groups: # Define groups of components components: # Define your components and their structure dictionaries: # Define key-value dictionaries for using in value pickers {% endhighlight %}
No section is required, but obviously you'll want to define two main sections, which are types
and components
.
Here you define a list of color aliases that can be referenced throughout the remaining schema:
{% highlight yaml %} colors: relation: "#cf3" table: "#0ff" coreNode: "0-#f80-#da0:50-#520" tableNode: "0-#0ff-#0dd:20-#111" types: FromClause: color: @relation # Will be substitued with "#cf3" title: FROM components: Select: group: core title: Запрос (SELECT) color: @coreNode # Here we use a color alias again # ... {% endhighlight %}
Color formats are enlisted at RaphaelJS docs (bottom section of Element.attr()
).
Types in VAX are somewhat similar to the types that inhabit statically-typed programming languages, like Java/C++/Scala. Especially Scala :)
Where do you use types? Nodes in VAX have input and output sockets. The type of an output socket must conform to the corresponding type of the input socket. Types help to build valid blueprints, which are easier to validate and interpert. They also guide end users when they're blueprinting.
A VAX type can either extend others or be parameterized:
{% highlight yaml %} types: # Any is a supertype Expr: # Expr extends Any color: "#fff" # The wires of this type will be colored as "#fff" title: Expression # Provides a meaningful title, that'll be displayed on a blueprint Integral: color: @num # Use color aliases for your convenience extends: Expr # Integral extends Expr and Any Numeric: extends: Integral # Numeric extends Integral => Numeric extends Expr, and Numeric also extends Any color: @num String: extends: [Expr] color: @str title: Text NumericString: extends: [Numeric, String] # Here we define multi-inheritance color: @str title: Text with a number List: typeParams: [A] # This is like a type constructor, so we'll have to specify 'A' with a real type, e.g. List[Numeric] color: @arr Map: typeParams: [A,B] # Yep, we can have multiple type parameters, e.g. Map[String,Numeric], but I doubt that you'll need one :) {% endhighlight %}
Apparently, you extend types from others and define paremetrized types. Also don't forget to set colors and titles.
Let's see how components use types:
{% highlight yaml %} components: ToString: # def ToString(I:Any):String = I.toString in: I: Any # Just a usual type out: O: String Repeat: # def Repeat[T](I: T):T = I typeParams: [T] # The editor will ask you to specify the type parameter 'T' in: I: @T # Uses the specified parameterised type out: O: @T Plus: # def Plus[T <: Expr](A: T, B: T): T = A + B typeParams: [T] typeBounds: {T: {<: Expr}} # Type parameter 'T' is upper bounded by type 'Expr' # which means we have to provide a type that inherits from 'Expr' in: A: @T B: @T out: O: @T ListLength: # def ListLength(L: List[Any]):Numeric = L.size in: L: List[Any] # Don't forget about the supertype Any out: O: Numeric ZipWithIndeces: # def ZipWithIndices[T](A: List[T]):Map[Numeric,T] = ... typeParams: [T] in: A: List[@T] out: M: Map[Numeric,@T] # Crazy stuff! {% endhighlight %}
While you are defining components you reference types within input and output sockets. You can also have type parameters on a particular component and the use it by alias, e.g. @T
.
The weird syntax typeBounds: {T: {<: Expr}}
in terms of YAML means:
{% highlight yaml %} typeBounds: T: "<": Expr {% endhighlight %}
and defines an upper type bound from 'Expr' for type parameter 'T'.
When a user wants to create a node from a component that has type parameters, the editor will ask to specify them, and then will substitute the type aliases with the real types. E.g. for a component:
{% highlight yaml %} IfThenElse: typeParams: [T] in: Condition: Boolean onTrue: @T onFalse: @T out: O: @T {% endhighlight %}
We get:
When the number of components increases, it gets hard to navigate through them. You can put components into related groups, which are then displayed in component selector:
{% highlight yaml %} groups: core: Core elements ops: Basic calculations bool: Logic operations str: Working with strings components: Result: group: core # The component 'Result' is now in the group 'core' in: I: Any ToString: group: str # Putting 'ToString' into to the string operations group, 'str' :) in: I: Any out: O: String {% endhighlight %}
If you don't specify the group of a component, it gets placed into the group 'Uncategorized', which is one of the system groups:
{% highlight javascript %} return _.defaults(schema.groups, { '_default': 'Uncategorized', '_userFunctions': 'User functions', '_ufElements': 'User functions elements' }); {% endhighlight %}
It's recommended that you don't use leading underscore in your group names.
Components are building blocks of your language or domain. In conjunction with the types, you can create a very rich language. You can use type system constraints to be sure you get valid blueprints. End users can go even further and organise basic components into functions and reuse them later, thus enriching the design language.
So a component is a template for a real blueprint node. The template contains: input and output sockets definitions, attributes definitions, type parameters with type bounds and of course stuff like title, color and group. See the editor section for a visual reference.
A minimal component definition doesn't really require anything:
{% highlight yaml %} components: Useless: # A unique name, the one you'll see within serialized tree {% endhighlight %}
In order to be useful a node needs at least one input or output socket definition:
{% highlight yaml %} components: ToString: in: # input socket section I: Any # We define an input with a name 'I' that accepts a value of type 'Any' out: # output socket section O: String # We define an ouput with name 'O' that produces a value of type 'String' {% endhighlight %}
Socket names should be unique within their respective section.
You can also give titles to your sockets:
{% highlight yaml %} components: Plus: in: L: title: Left type: Expr R: title: Right type: Expr out: R: title: Result type: Expr {% endhighlight %}
To make your component more user-friendly, you can give it a title, a color and a group:
{% highlight yaml %} components: Result: title: Resulting value # You'll see that in the editor color: @coreNode # The color of your node, color aliases are allowed group: core # The name of the group, which contains this component in: I: Any {% endhighlight %}
Sometimes you need to provide a node with an attribute that can be set by a user on the blueprint. Minimal attribute definitions consist of a name and a type:
{% highlight yaml %} components: NumberLiteral: attrs: # attributes section V: Numeric # Unique attribute name within component out: O: Numeric {% endhighlight %}
It may seem that types don't make sense for attributes, and it's true. In fact they don't affect anything at all, for now. They're reserved for future use,
like "socketable" attributes and the ability for users to define attributes in the user functions.
A good rule of thumb is to use closest meaningful type or just resort to Any
.
As you might expected attributes can be configured with a title and a default value:
{% highlight yaml %} components: NumberLiteral: attrs: V: type: Numeric title: Value default: 1 out: O: Numeric {% endhighlight %}
By default, for modifying an attribute's value, the editor uses just a simple <input>
element. But you can define your own value pickers. E.g. there's a built-in value picker called
dictionary
, which requires a defined dictionary in your schema:
{% highlight yaml %} components: TrigonometricFn: title: Trigonometic function in: I: Numeric attrs: Fn: type: Any title: Function default: sin valuePicker: type: dictionary dictionary: TrigonometricFunctions out: O: Numeric dictionaries: TrigonometricFunctions: # Referenceable unique name of a dictionary title: Trigonometic functions of a single argument values: # Name -> Title sin: sin(X) cos: cos(X) tg: tan(X) ctg: cot(X) {% endhighlight %}
In order to register your own value picker you have to resort to the registerValuePicker(type, valuePicker)
function on a VAX
object, e.g.:
{% highlight javascript %} // we have to provide an object with two functions: 'getValueTitle' and 'invoke' var promptValuePicker = { getValueTitle: function(value, options) // used to map your plain value to a title, options are passed from your schema { return value.toString(); }, invoke: function(value, callback, options) // 'value' holds a current state of an attribute, 'options' are passed from schema { val newValue = prompt(options.promptMessage, value); callback(newValue); // don't forget to trigger callback with a new value from your picker } } var myVAX = new VAX('containerId', {schema: /*...*/}); // create your VAX object myVAX.registerValuePicker('prompt', promptValuePicker); // 'prompt' will be our picker name {% endhighlight %}
With this value picker defined, we can use it in our schema:
{% highlight yaml %} components: PromptNumber: attrs: V: type: Numeric title: Value default: 1 valuePicker: # this is what is passed as 'options' type: prompt # picker name promptMessage: "Provide a number, please ... " out: O: Numeric {% endhighlight %}
Attributes may be substituted with input sockets. Also future versions of the editor will provide input sockets that can be set with default values just like attributes.


Luke Campbell«<EMAIL_ADDRESS>» |
This new project that I'm starting is going to decimate conventional wisdom. The goal of this project is to provide real data, real models and a mathematical interpretation to the data that is available to everyone.
The problem with most information on the internet is that it is tainted with speculation, modulated by opinions and personal interests. I aim to bring an economists point of view to this situation.
A friend, Sean Cowan and I began to have a string of arguments. We are both very contrarian so the arguments become frequently heated. Soon we both realized that both of our arguments needed proof for the other to concede to our point of view so we set out on a quest over the internet to provide proof. We both found proof of our points.
How can two arguments both be valid if they conflict? They typically are not. We quickly realized that our sources of information was extremely flawed. The normally credible sources such as the LA Times were lying to us. The ambiguous sources that the writers claim as matter of fact were leading us astray. We started doing our own digging merely out of pride and vanity to prove the other wrong. We soon began to realize that we were both wrong. The actual data shows a story that intersects both of our claims.
From arguments such as tax reform, should the rich be taxed more? Does more gun control lead to less crime (the answer is no by the way, but that's not the entire story). How much of a factor does education play on expected income values.
After discovering the flaws of conventional wisdom, we aim to bring our discoveries to everyone.
I want to provide an interface to everyone to ask questions, and have the data answer it. A dynamic and vast database of information and variables. People ask questions and the data models show the correlation or even the amount of casuation a variable has on another.
I will keep everyone posted.


ACCOUNTING & TAX SERVICES
Let us help you grow your business.
What do we have to offer that others won’t provide?
We are open:


subject = "Project (re)approval requested: {{ project.name }}" layout = "system" ==
Hello,
Client {{ user.name }} requested you have another look at their project {{ project.name }}.
You can approve or reject the project here:
{{ project.getBackendUrl }}
{% if reason %} {{ reason|raw }} {% else %} A reapproval message has not been specified. {% endif %}


Full Stack Developer Intern
MRI Software, LLC is a provider of real estate and investment management software to real estate owners, investors, and operators. I worked for their Atlanta location in Buckhead where they recently acquired a company called Integratec.


---
layout: post
title: John 10:1-21
date: '2008-03-01T13:53:00.005-06:00'
author: Jabell
tags:
- Bible
- John
- Teaching
- Jesus
- Gospel
modified_time: '2008-11-20T16:47:09.987-06:00'
blogger_id: tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-19739956.post-5687503581629264210
blogger_orig_url: http://theabellsix.blogspot.com/2008/03/john-101-21.html
---
Click below to listen to a recent lesson I taught on John 10:1-21. There has been a lot of problems with audio lately, as the first ten minutes of this teaching did not get recorded. The audio picks up ten minutes in, after a review of John 9:1-5, at 9:6.
Would We Recognize a Good Shepherd if We Saw One?


git-check-attr - Display gitattributes information
git check-attr [-a | --all | attr...] [--] pathname... git check-attr --stdin [-z] [-a | --all | attr...] < <list-of-paths>
For every pathname, this command will list if each attribute is unspecified, set, or unset as a gitattribute on that pathname.
-a, --all
List all attributes that are associated with the specified paths. If this option is used, then unspecified attributes will not be included in the output.
--cached
Consider .gitattributes in the index only, ignoring the working tree.
--stdin
Read file names from stdin instead of from the command-line.
-z
The output format is modified to be machine-parseable. If --stdin is also given, input paths are separated with a NUL character instead of a linefeed character.
--
Interpret all preceding arguments as attributes and all following arguments as path names.
If none of --stdin, --all, or -- is used, the first argument will be treated as an attribute and the rest of the arguments as pathnames.
The output is of the form: <path> COLON SP <attribute> COLON SP <info> LF
unless -z is in effect, in which case NUL is used as delimiter: <path> NUL <attribute> NUL <info> NUL
<path> is the path of a file being queried, <attribute> is an attribute being queried and <info> can be either:
unspecified
when the attribute is not defined for the path.
unset
when the attribute is defined as false.
set
when the attribute is defined as true.
<value>
when a value has been assigned to the attribute.
Buffering happens as documented under the GIT_FLUSH option in git(1). The caller is responsible for avoiding deadlocks caused by overfilling an input buffer or reading from an empty output buffer.
In the examples, the following .gitattributes file is used:
*.java diff=java -crlf myAttr NoMyAttr.java !myAttr README caveat=unspecified
h'-04'(buh'+03'c
Listing a single attribute:
$ git check-attr diff org/example/MyClass.java org/example/MyClass.java: diff: java
h'-04'(buh'+03'c
Listing multiple attributes for a file:
$ git check-attr crlf diff myAttr -- org/example/MyClass.java org/example/MyClass.java: crlf: unset org/example/MyClass.java: diff: java org/example/MyClass.java: myAttr: set
h'-04'(buh'+03'c
Listing all attributes for a file:
$ git check-attr --all -- org/example/MyClass.java org/example/MyClass.java: diff: java org/example/MyClass.java: myAttr: set
h'-04'(buh'+03'c
Listing an attribute for multiple files:
$ git check-attr myAttr -- org/example/MyClass.java org/example/NoMyAttr.java org/example/MyClass.java: myAttr: set org/example/NoMyAttr.java: myAttr: unspecified
h'-04'(buh'+03'c
Not all values are equally unambiguous:
$ git check-attr caveat README README: caveat: unspecified
Part of the git(1) suite


To use this feature, select Setup | Measurement Parameters. You must select the shift register type that matches the electronics used in your system. The choices are MSR4 or 2150, JSR-11, JSR-12, PSR or ISR, DGSR and AMSR. MSR4 refers to the Los Alamos multiplicity shift register nuclear instrument module and the commercial version of the circuit, the Canberra model 2150. The JSR-11 and JSR-12 are Canberra coincidence electronics packages that do not have multiplicity electronics. The PSR is the Los Alamos and Aquila portable shift register that has multiplicity electronics. The DGSR is the Los Alamos portable shift register that utilizes two gates to decrease the statistical error, thereby reducing the count time required to achieve the same precision with a single gate. The AMSR is the Los Alamos advanced multiplicity shift register.
Depending on which shift register type you select, in Inspection mode some of the parameters will be grayed out in this dialog box to indicate that they cannot be set from the computer by the shift register type selected. The parameters are not grayed out in Maintenance mode so that you can enter the correct values for display.
The serial port that connects the computer to the coincidence electronics can vary from system to system. You must select the port that matches the configuration of your system. The choices are COM Port 1 through COM Port 10. In simple systems the shift register port is usually COM Port 1.
The predelay can be set from 0 to 1023.75 microseconds in 0.25 microsecond steps. The usual predelay is 4.5 microseconds for conventional coincidence counting and 3 microseconds for multiplicity counting.
The gate length can be set from 0.25 to 1024 microseconds in 0.25 microsecond steps. The most common gate length is 64 microseconds for conventional coincidence counting and 32 microseconds for multiplicity counting. The second gate length applies only to the DGSR, and functions the same as the first gate length.
The most common high voltage is 1680 volts. A recommended value should be given in the detector manual or indicated with a label at the high voltage connector of the detector.
The die-away time depends on the detector design and is typically 40 to 70 microseconds. The detector manual usually gives the value. If you cannot determine the die-away time, use 50 microseconds.
The singles rates are corrected with a deadtime, where S is the measured singles rate, and A is the deadtime coefficient. The doubles rates are corrected with a deadtime, where D is the measured doubles rate, and B is the deadtime coefficient. See the detector manual for values of A and B. Deadtime coefficient A is given in units of microseconds and B is given in units of microseconds squared.
The neutron detection efficiency is typically 0.15 to 0.60. See the detector manual for the value or measure it using a calibrated 252Cf source.
The multiplicity deadtime is used to correct the triples counting rate. The value is typically 30 to 200 nanoseconds. See the detector manual for the deadtime value.
The deadtime coefficients A and B are used to correct the singles and doubles rates. For a six-channel Amptek system, A is typically 0.6 to 0.8 μs and B is typically 0.20 to 0.26 (μs)^2. See the detector manual for the deadtime values.
The deadtime coefficient C is used for an additional deadtime correction factor for the triples rate. The value for C is typically 0 to 1 * 10^-32 seconds. Get the value for C from the detector manual, if specified. Otherwise, set C = 0.
The doubles gate fraction accounts for the effect of the finite length of the coincidence gate on the doubles rate. The doubles gate fraction is typically about 0.4. Get the value from the detector manual.
The triples gate fraction accounts for the effect of the finite length of the coincidence gate on the triples rate. The triples gate fraction is approximately the square of the doubles gate fraction. Get the value from the detector manual.
The efficiency, multiplicity deadtime, doubles gate fraction, and triples gate fraction are used only for multiplicity analysis and can be ignored for conventional coincidence counting.


Managing WebView objects Android Developers ?
This is to get around CORS, and so the html can be structured like a normal page.
Comment


(G)I-DLE YuQi Criticized For Statement About Skin Color
by abbyloveskpop101(G)I-DLE YuQi Criticized For Statement About Skin Color
(G)I-DLE member YuQi is currently being criticized for a statement she made about skin color.
Fellow group member ShuHua was talking about the K-Drama “Signal”, and it was then when YuQi joked saying if she wanted to be a police officer, she would need darker skin to hide in the dark while waiting to catch criminals.
Naturally this has angered international fans.
Fans who are criticizing YuQi are currently saying her comment was racist.

Firstly Yuqi clearly was referring to Shuhua 's snow white skin (which she is known for) that she will be easily spotted which is logical.
Secondly this wasn't a direct translation more like a summary of a vlive.22210:54 PM - Nov 14, 2019Twitter Ads info and privacy


Annotator
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Who am I?
I am driven to create software that makes an emotional connection.
At different times in my life I have been obsessed with…
- learning to program
- UNIX
- the world wide web
- macOS software development
- distributed computing
- authentication and privacy
- track cars
- programmable microcontrollers
- virtualization
- my daughter
- smoking meat
- ukulele


Man facing charges after using soy sauce as part of $100,000 vandalism: police
by The Canadian PressGUELPH, Ont. - Police say safe-cracking gear and soy sauce were just some of the tools a Guelph, Ont. man used while allegedly vandalizing a local business in September.
They say the vandalism took place on Sept. 18 after the business closed for the day.
Investigators allege the man hid inside a bathroom until staff went home, then emerged with a bag of break-and-enter tools which he used to open a safe containing more than $2,000.
They allege he then proceeded to cause roughly $100,000 worth of damage to the business, partially by pouring soy sauce over multiple electronics.
They say he also damaged ceiling tiles, walls and venting.
Police say some of the man's actions were captured on surveillance video and he is now facing multiple, unspecified charges.
This report by the Canadian Press was first published Nov. 23, 2019.


Sequenceview
This strikingly unfinished Executor
shows, in graphic form, all the Chains contained in a Chains file. See Chainview for a description of such files.
Sequenceview is normally invoked interactively. There
are two parameters:
- 'InputFile'. The Chains file to display. Default:
001SelectedChains.txt.
- 'DNAFile'. The name of the DNA
file. Will usually be overridden by information in the Chains
file. Default: Directory name + .txt,
The displayed window has an upper frame, for auxiliary information, in
which the information about LTRs contained in the script is shown.
The lower, graphic, frame has a position axis, along
which the Chains contained in the file are shown as rectangles, with
height proportional to score. Black rectangles show Chains in the
primary strand, red rectangles secondary strand. Below each rectangle
is shown its name, virus genus and score.
Little black (red) bracket-like things mark single LTRs.
A button at the bottom of the window allows saving the
graphics as a PNG, EPS or JPEG file.


THtmlViewer component
property NameList: TStringList;
Read only and run time only. NameList contains a list of all the anchor names (the Name= attribute of the <A> tag) and ID identifiers (the ID= attributes) contained in the currently displayed document.
NameList is used by THtmlViewer. Do not Free this list.


| Recommended Compatible Bulbs | Voltage | Wattage | Socket Type | Color Temp | Lumens | Lifespan | Beam Spread | Listing | Dimmable |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
12V 2W COOL WHITE LED SINGLE CONTACT FROSTED BAYONET |
12V | 2w | Single Contact Bayonet | Cool White (5000-5500K) | 220 Lumens | 25,000 Hours | Full Coverage (360°) | Indoor/Outdoor Rated | Yes, with Magnetic Dimmer |
|
12V 2W WARM WHITE LED SINGLE CONTACT FROSTED BAYONET |
12V | 2w | Single Contact Bayonet | Warm White (2700-3000K) | 220 Lumens | 25,000 Hours | Full Coverage (360°) | Indoor/Outdoor Rated | Yes, with Magnetic Dimmer |
|
12V 2W COOL WHITE LED SINGLE CONTACT BAYONET |
12V | 2w | Single Contact Bayonet | Cool White (5000-5500K) | 220 Lumens | 30,000 Hours | Wide Spot (30°) | Indoor/Outdoor | No |
|
12V 2W WARM WHITE LED SINGLE CONTACT BAYONET |
12V | 2w | Single Contact Bayonet | Warm White (2700-3000K) | 180 Lumens | 30,000 Hours | Wide Spot (30°) | Indoor/Outdoor | No |


Kogi: Top party chieftain dumps PDP ahead of senatorial rerun
- Hon. Karimi Sunday Steve, a former PDP lawmaker, has dumped the party
- Steve withdrew his membership from the PDP but has not indicated the next party he will be joining.
- The lawmaker said he will announce his next political move after handing over his membership card to his ward executives
The Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) member has lost another key member, Hon. Karimi Sunday Steve, a former member of the House of Representatives who represented the Yagba federal constituency.
According to The Nation, Steve withdrew his membership from the PDP but has not indicated the next party he will be joining.
Legit.ng gathers that the former lawmaker who is a former PDP deputy chairman in the state said his resignation from the party is with immediate effect.
He had earlier defected from the PDP to the defunct Action Congress of Nigeria (ACN) but later returned to the PDP.
Kogi election: This is what I will do to my opponents - Yahaya Bello
His plan to contest the 2019 senatorial election failed as he was disqualified alongside others from contesting the primary by the PDP.
Steve said he will announce his next political move after handing over his membership card to his Ward executives.
PAY ATTENTION: Get the Latest Nigerian News Anywhere 24/7. Spend less on the Internet!
Meanwhile, the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) has fixed Saturday, November 30, as the date for the conduct of the supplementary election in the Kogi West senatorial district.
The electoral commission in a statement on Twitter said it arrived at the decision after a meeting held on Thursday, 21 November.
“INEC met today 21st November 2019 and fixed 30th Nov 2019 for the conduct of Supplementary and re-run elections for Kogi West Senatorial District and Ajaokuta Federal Constituency respectively,” the statement from the commission read.
NAIJ.com (naija.ng) -> Legit.ng: Same great journalism, upgraded for better service!
Kogi election: Deployment of Yahaya Bello’s ex-ADC for Kogi election reversed
Kogi election: Alarm raised over cancellations of vote | Legit TV


This report is analyzing the houses sold in King County, WA by using different analysis tools and mainly focused on the Seattle area. The housing prices have kept increasing recently, which lead to less and less houses being sold. This primary object for this report is to understand the trend of houses sold over the time and determine which areas have continuous high number of houses sold and which areas have continuous low number of houses sold and detect if there are emerging hotspots of higher houses sold over this full time period. Also determining if there are clusters of high house pieces or clusters of low values of houses prices in certain areas.
Find Out MoreThis report is analyzing the houses sold in King County from 2014 to 2015 by using different analysis tools and mainly focused on the Seattle area.
Know more about DataHow many houses have sold between May 2014 and May 2015
The house sale prices for each house sold in King County.
How many rooms in each house sold
The square root of living area in each house sold
If you want to know more about analyzing real estate in King County, WA, Contact us!


I know words. I have the best words. When other websites give you text, they’re not sending the best. They’re not sending you, they’re sending words that have lots of problems and they’re bringing those problems with us. They’re bringing mistakes. They’re bringing misspellings. They’re typists… And some, I assume, are good words. He’s not a word hero. He’s a word hero because he was captured. I like text that wasn’t captured. I think my strongest asset maybe by far is my temperament. I have a placeholding temperament.
 An 'extremely credible source' has called my office and told me that Lorem Ipsum's birth certificate is a fraud. We are going to make placeholder text great again. Greater than ever before. You could see there was text coming out of her eyes, text coming out of her wherever. I’m the best thing that ever happened to placeholder text.
 You know, it really doesn’t matter what you write as long as you’ve got a young, and beautiful, piece of text. You're telling the enemy exactly what you're going to do.  I think the only difference between me and the other placeholder text is that I’m more honest and my words are more beautiful.
Lorem Ispum is a choke artist. It chokes! The concept of Lorem Ipsum was created by and for the Chinese in order to make U.S. design jobs non-competitive.
My placeholder text, I think, is going to end up being very good with women. Look at these words. Are they small words? And he referred to my words - if they're small, something else must be small. I guarantee you there's no problem, I guarantee. Lorem Ipsum is unattractive, both inside and out. I fully understand why it’s former users left it for something else. They made a good decision.


Julien Verneuil
Full Stack Developer from
Néronville
, France
CV / Resume (.pdf)
software
library
games
creative code
contributions
3d printing
Render agnostic graphics library with parallelism support
https://github.com/grz0zrg/fbg
C
2D Graphics
Parallelism
Image processing
Embedded system
CRUD jQuery Kanban plugin (latest)
https://www.fsynth.com/lab/kanban/
Front-End
Back-End
CRUD
jQuery
JavaScript
Plugin
Web-based sonogram resynthesis using additive synthesis
https://github.com/grz0zrg/splayer
Front-End
JavaScript
HTML5
WebAudio
Canvas
Complete collection of lightweight vanilla JavaScript UI widgets
https://github.com/grz0zrg/wui
Front-End
Vanilla
JavaScript
Widgets
3D Spiral Gallery with vanilla JavaScript
https://www.onirom.fr/get/HTML5/spiral/index.html
Front-End
JavaScript
3D Gallery
ThreeJS
Irrlicht Spherical Terrain Scene Node
http://irrlicht.sourceforge.net/forum/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=42722
C/C++
3D
Irrlicht
Irrlicht Tron 2.0 Glow graphical effect
.ZIP (2.7MB) - Windows - With SRC
C/C++
3D
Irrlicht
Fast web-based lexical analyzer
https://github.com/grz0zrg/jsb
Vanilla
JavaScript
Finite state automaton
JPEG algorithm
https://www.openprocessing.org/sketch/580526
Processing
Algorithm
Images processing algorithms
https://www.onirom.fr/get/processing/image_processing.pde
Processing
Algorithm
Java
C/C++ OpenGL 3.3+ demos framework
https://github.com/grz0zrg/Mammoth3D
C
OpenGL 3.3+
Graphics engine
Framework
C OpenGL ES 1.1 lightweight library
https://github.com/grz0zrg/M3D
C
OpenGL 1.1
Graphics engine
Hash Table
Embedded system
C++ 2D Accelerated Game framework
https://github.com/grz0zrg/ES
C++
OpenGL 2
2D Game engine
Embedded system
Construct 2 deflate plugin
https://www.scirra.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=153&t=75040&sid=a6d4f87ca01df263e1a012062e1680db
Construct 2
JavaScript


Shah Rukh, I love you: Indonesian actor dedicates award to superstar. Gets a million-dollar reply
An Indonesian actor dedicated his best actor award to Shah Rukh Khan at an event. Khan has responded to him.
Muhammad Khan, an Indonesian actor who was honoured during the 2019 Citra Awards, dedicated his trophy to Shah Rukh Khan after his momentous win. During the award ceremony on December 8, Muhammad was honoured with the Piala Citra - an award for Best Actor in a Leading Role.
Ecstatic after his win, Muhammad thanked Shah Rukh in his acceptance speech and said that he aspired to become an actor after watching the superstar's films. He expressed his desire to meet Shah Rukh as well and also spoke in Hindi during his speech.
"I would like to thank the one and only King Khan. Shah Rukh Khan, I hope you are going to watch this video. Shah Rukh ji, main tumse kuch kehna chahta hoon. Mujhe tumse bohat, bohat pyaar ho gaya hai. Actually, you are the reason why I wanted to become an actor when I was 10. So, tonight, I would like to share this award with you as well. And I hope I can meet you one day," Muhammad Khan exclaimed in his speech.
Before walking down the stage, Muhammad sang SRK's 1998 hit song Mere Mehboob Mere Sanam from his film Duplicate as the audience clapped and cheered for him.
The entire episode has been captured on a video and made available online by a fan club.
But wait for the real deal, because SRK did notice the tweet and congratulated Muhammad for his win. "I am so glad for your success. Will meet you soon. Have a good life and keep feeling as an actor....&
See SRK's tweet:
This is just so cool!
Shah Rukh Khan, a celebrated actor, has millions of fans not just in India but across the world as well. He is the star of films including Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge, Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, Kal Ho Naa Ho, Swades, Chak de! India and My Name Is Khan. He was last seen in 2018's Zero, co-starring Anushka Sharma and Katrina Kaif.


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