"minX": -10, "maxX": 10, "minY": -10, "maxY": 10, "minZ": -10, "maxZ": 10, "deltaX": 0.25, "deltaY": 0.25, "deltaZ": 0.25, "thresh": 0.5
Plot Surface
Plot Equation
Delete Last


{{ metadata.get('title') }} {% if metadata.get('unedited', false) %} [Unedited] {% endif %}
{{ render_byline() }}Introduction
Nearly 10% of the home pages in this study were found to be on an ecommerce platform. An "ecommerce platform" is a set of software or services that enables you to create and operate an online store. There are several types of ecommerce platforms, for example:
- Paid-for services such as Shopify that host your store and help you get started. They provide website hosting, site and page templates, product-data management, shopping carts and payments.
- Software platforms such as Magento Open Source which you set up, host and manage yourself. These platforms can be powerful and flexible, but may be more complex to set up and run than services such as Shopify.
- Hosted platforms such as Magento Commerce that offer the same features as their self-hosted counterparts, except that hosting is managed as a service by a third-party.
This analysis could only detect sites built on an ecommerce platform. This means that most large online stores and marketplaces—such as Amazon, JD, and eBay—are not included here. Also note that the data here is for home pages only: not category, product or other pages. Learn more about our methodology.
Platform detection
How do we check if a page is on an ecommerce platform?
Detection is done through Wappalyzer. Wappalyzer is a cross-platform utility that uncovers the technologies used on websites. It detects content management systems, ecommerce platforms, web servers, JavaScript frameworks, analytics tools, and many more.
Page detection is not always reliable, and some sites explicitly block detection to protect against automated attacks. We might not be able to catch all websites that use a particular ecommerce platform, but we're confident that the ones we do detect are actually on that platform.
| Mobile | Desktop | |
|---|---|---|
| Ecommerce pages | 500,595 | 424,441 |
| Total pages | 5,297,442 | 4,371,973 |
| Adoption rate | 9.45% | 9.70% |
Ecommerce platforms
| Platform | Mobile | Desktop |
|---|---|---|
| WooCommerce | 3.98 | 3.90 |
| Shopify | 1.59 | 1.72 |
| Magento | 1.10 | 1.24 |
| PrestaShop | 0.91 | 0.87 |
| Bigcommerce | 0.19 | 0.22 |
| Shopware | 0.12 | 0.11 |
Out of the 116 ecommerce platforms that were detected, only six are found on more than 0.1% of desktop or mobile websites. Note that these results do not show variation by country, by size of site, or other similar metrics.
Figure 3 above shows that WooCommerce has the largest adoption at around 4% of desktop and mobile websites. Shopify is second with about 1.6% adoption. Magento, PrestaShop, Bigcommerce, and Shopware follow with smaller and smaller adoption, approaching 0.1%.
Long tail
There are 110 ecommerce platforms that each have fewer than 0.1% of desktop or mobile websites. Around 60 of these have fewer than 0.01% of mobile or desktop websites.
7.87% of all requests on mobile and 8.06% on desktop are for home pages on one of the top six ecommerce platforms. A further 1.52% of requests on mobile and 1.59% on desktop are for home pages on the 110 other ecommerce platforms.
Ecommerce (all platforms)
In total, 9.7% of desktop pages and 9.5% of mobile pages used an ecommerce platform.
Although the desktop proportion of websites was slightly higher overall, some popular platforms (including WooCommerce, PrestaShop and Shopware) actually have more mobile than desktop websites.
Page weight and requests
The page weight of an ecommerce platform includes all HTML, CSS, JavaScript, JSON, XML, images, audio, and video.
The median desktop ecommerce platform page loads 108 requests and 2.7 MB. The median weight for all desktop pages is 74 requests and 1.9 MB. In other words, ecommerce pages make nearly 50% more requests than other web pages, with payloads around 35% larger. By comparison, the amazon.com home page makes around 300 requests on first load, for a page weight of around 5 MB, and ebay.com makes around 150 requests for a page weight of approximately 3 MB. The page weight and number of requests for home pages on ecommerce platforms is slightly smaller on mobile at every percentile, but around 10% of all ecommerce home pages load more than 7 MB and make over 200 requests.
This data accounts for home page payload and requests without scrolling. Clearly there are a significant proportion of sites that appear to be retrieving more files (the median is over 100), with a larger total payload, than should be necessary for first load. See also: Third-party requests and bytes below.
We need to do further research to better understand why so many home pages on ecommerce platforms make so many requests and have such large payloads. The authors regularly see home pages on ecommerce platforms that make hundreds of requests on first load, with multi-megabyte payloads. If the number of requests and payload are a problem for performance, then how can they be reduced?
Requests and payload by type
The charts below are for desktop requests:
| Type | 10 | 25 | 50 | 75 | 90 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| image | 353 | 728 | 1,514 | 3,104 | 6,010 |
| video | 156 | 453 | 1,325 | 2,935 | 5,965 |
| script | 199 | 330 | 572 | 915 | 1,331 |
| font | 47 | 85 | 144 | 226 | 339 |
| css | 36 | 59 | 102 | 180 | 306 |
| html | 12 | 20 | 36 | 66 | 119 |
| audio | 7 | 7 | 11 | 17 | 140 |
| xml | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| other | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| text | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Type | 10 | 25 | 50 | 75 | 90 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| image | 16 | 25 | 39 | 62 | 97 |
| script | 11 | 21 | 35 | 53 | 75 |
| css | 3 | 6 | 11 | 22 | 32 |
| font | 2 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 11 |
| html | 1 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 12 |
| video | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 9 |
| other | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 9 |
| text | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| xml | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| audio | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
Images constitute the largest number of requests and the highest proportion of bytes for ecommerce pages. The median desktop ecommerce page includes 39 images weighing 1,514 KB (1.5 MB).
The number of JavaScript requests indicates that better bundling (and/or HTTP/2 multiplexing) could improve performance. JavaScript files are not significantly large in terms of total bytes, but many separate requests are made. According to the HTTP/2 chapter, more than 40% of requests are not via HTTP/2. Similarly, CSS files have the third highest number of requests but are generally small. Merging CSS files (and/or HTTP/2) could improve performance of such sites. In the authors' experience, many ecommerce pages have a high proportion of unused CSS and JavaScript. Videos may require a small number of requests, but (not surprisingly) consume a high proportion of the page weight, particularly on sites with heavy payloads.
HTML payload size
Note that HTML payloads may include other code such as inline JSON, JavaScript, or CSS directly in the markup itself, rather than referenced as external links. The median HTML payload size for ecommerce pages is 34 KB on mobile and 36 KB on desktop. However, 10% of ecommerce pages have an HTML payload of more than 115 KB.
Mobile HTML payload sizes are not very different from desktop. In other words, it appears that sites are not delivering significantly different HTML files for different devices or viewport sizes. On many ecommerce sites, home page HTML payloads are large. We don't know whether this is because of bloated HTML, or from other code (such as JSON) within HTML files.
Image stats
Figures 12 and 13 above show that the median ecommerce page has 37 images and an image payload of 1,517 KB on mobile, 40 images and 1,524 KB on desktop. 10% of home pages have 90 or more images and an image payload of nearly 6 MB!
A significant proportion of ecommerce pages have sizable image payloads and make a large number of image requests on first load. See HTTP Archive's State of Images report and the media and page weight chapters for more context.
Website owners want their sites to look good on modern devices. As a result, many sites deliver the same high resolution product images to every user without regard for screen resolution or size. Developers may not be aware of (or not want to use) responsive techniques that enable efficient delivery of the best possible image to different users. It's worth remembering that high-resolution images may not necessarily increase conversion rates. Conversely, overuse of heavy images is likely to impact page speed and can thereby reduce conversion rates. In the authors' experience from site reviews and events, some developers and other stakeholders have SEO or other concerns about using lazy loading for images.
We need to do more analysis to better understand why some sites are not using responsive image techniques or lazy loading. We also need to provide guidance that helps ecommerce platforms to reliably deliver beautiful images to those with high end devices and good connectivity, while simultaneously providing a best-possible experience to lower-end devices and those with poor connectivity.
Popular image formats
PNG
One in four images on ecommerce pages are PNG. The high number of PNG requests from pages on ecommerce platforms is probably for product images. Many commerce sites use PNG with photographic images to enable transparency.
Using WebP with a PNG fallback can be a far more efficient alternative, either via a picture element or by using user agent capability detection via an image service such as Cloudinary.
WebP
Only 1% of images on ecommerce platforms are WebP, which tallies with the authors' experience of site reviews and partner work. WebP is supported by all modern browsers other than Safari and has good fallback mechanisms available. WebP supports transparency and is a far more efficient format than PNG for photographic images (see PNG section above).
We as a web community can provide better guidance/advocacy for enabling transparency using WebP with a PNG fallback and/or using WebP/JPEG with a solid color background. WebP appears to be rarely used on ecommerce platforms, despite the availability of guides and tools (e.g. Squoosh and cwebp). We need to do further research into why there hasn't been more take-up of WebP, which is now nearly 10 years old.
Image dimensions
| Mobile | Desktop | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percentile | Width (px) | Height (px) | Width (px) | Height (px) |
| 10 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 |
| 25 | 100 | 64 | 100 | 60 |
| 50 | 247 | 196 | 240 | 192 |
| 75 | 364 | 320 | 400 | 331 |
| 90 | 693 | 512 | 800 | 546 |
The median ('mid-range') dimensions for images requested by ecommerce pages is 247x196 px on mobile and 240x192 px on desktop. 10% of images requested by ecommerce pages are at least 693x512 px on mobile and 800x546 px on desktop. Note that these dimensions are the intrinsic sizes of images, not their display size.
Given that image dimensions at each percentile up to the median are similar on mobile and desktop, or even slightly larger on mobile in some cases, it would seem that many sites are not delivering different image dimensions for different viewports, or in other words, not using responsive image techniques. The delivery of larger images to mobile in some cases may (or may not!) be explained by sites using device or screen detection.
We need to do more research into why many sites are (apparently) not delivering different image sizes to different viewports.
Third-party requests and bytes
Many websites—especially online stores—load a significant amount of code and content from third-parties: for analytics, A/B testing, customer behavior tracking, advertising, and social media support. Third-party content can have a significant impact on performance. Patrick Hulce's third-party-web tool is used to determine third-party requests for this report, and this is discussed more in the Third Parties chapter.
The median ('mid-range') home page on an ecommerce platform makes 17 requests for third-party content on mobile and 19 on desktop. 10% of all home pages on ecommerce platforms make over 50 requests for third-party content, with a total payload of over 1 MB.
Other studies have indicated that third-party content can be a major performance bottleneck. This study shows that 17 or more requests (50 or more for the top 10%) is the norm for ecommerce pages.
Third-party requests and payload per platform
Note the charts and tables below show data for mobile only.
Platforms such as Shopify may extend their services using client-side JavaScript, whereas other platforms such as Magento use more server side extensions. This difference in architecture affects the figures seen here.
Clearly, pages on some ecommerce platforms make more requests for third-party content and incur a larger payload of third-party content. Further analysis could be done on why pages from some platforms make more requests and have larger third-party payloads than others.
First Contentful Paint (FCP)
First Contentful Paint measures the time it takes from navigation until content such as text or an image is first displayed. In this context, fast means FCP in under one second, slow means FCP in 3 seconds or more, and moderate is everything in between. Note that third-party content and code may have a significant impact on FCP.
All top-six ecommerce platforms have worse FCP on mobile than desktop: less fast and more slow. Note that FCP is affected by device capability (processing power, memory, etc.) as well as connectivity.
We need to establish why FCP is worse on mobile than desktop. What are the causes: connectivity and/or device capability, or something else?
Progressive Web App (PWA) scores
See also the PWA chapter for more information on this topic beyond just ecommerce sites.
More than 60% of home pages on ecommerce platforms get a Lighthouse PWA score between 0.25 and 0.35. Less than 20% of home pages on ecommerce platforms get a score of more than 0.5 and less than 1% of home pages score more than 0.6.
Lighthouse returns a Progressive Web App (PWA) score between 0 and 1. 0 is the worst possible score, and 1 is the best. The PWA audits are based on the Baseline PWA Checklist, which lists 14 requirements. Lighthouse has automated audits for 11 of the 14 requirements. The remaining 3 can only be tested manually. Each of the 11 automated PWA audits are weighted equally, so each one contributes approximately 9 points to your PWA score.
If at least one of the PWA audits got a null score, Lighthouse nulls out the score for the entire PWA category. This was the case for 2.32% of mobile pages.
Clearly, the majority of ecommerce pages are failing most PWA checklist audits. We need to do further analysis to better understand which audits are failing and why.
Conclusion
This comprehensive study of ecommerce usage shows some interesting data and also the wide variations in ecommerce sites, even among those built on the same ecommerce platform. Even though we have gone into a lot of detail here, there is much more analysis we could do in this space. For example, we didn't get accessibility scores this year (checkout the accessibility chapter for more on that). Likewise, it would be interesting to segment these metrics by geography. This study detected 246 ad providers on home pages on ecommerce platforms. Further studies (perhaps in next year's Web Almanac?) could calculate what proportion of sites on ecommerce platforms shows ads. WooCommerce got very high numbers in this study so another interesting statistic we could look at next year is if some hosting providers are installing WooCommerce but not enabling it, thereby causing inflated figures.


“There is a Doctor and his Fart that haue kept a foule stinking stirre in Paules Churchyard ; I crie him mercy, I slaundered him, he is scarce a Doctor till he hath done his Acts ; this dodipoule, this didopper, this professed poetical braggart hath raild vpon me, without wit or art, in certaine foure penniworth of Letters and three farthing-worth of Sonnets ; nor do I mean to present him and Shakerley to the Queens foole-taker for coatch-horses : for two that draw more equallie in one Oratoriall yoke of vaine-glorie, there is not vnder heauen… why thou arrant butter whore, thou cotqueane & scrattop of scoldes, wilt thou neuer leaue afflicting a dead Carcasse, continually read the rethorick lecture of Ramme Allie? a wispe, a wispe, rippe, rippe, you kitchin-stuffe wrangler!”
Thomas Nashe (1567–1601), writing of the poet Gabriel Harvey in Strange Newes, of the Intercepting Certaine Letters (1593)


Richard is a language designer and compiler engineer at Jane Street. His work centers around how we can use static type systems to power high-assurance programming and avoid programmer mistakes, all without sacrificing ease-of-use or runtime efficiency. Richard works with functional languages OCaml and Haskell, where he contributes both language design and compiler implementation. He additionally serves as the chair of the board of the Haskell Foundation. He lives in suburban Philadelphia with his wife and daughter.
I grew up in Woodcliff Lake, NJ, about 20 miles from New York City. After sixth grade, the local school's math curriculum wasn't working for me, and I was lucky enough to be able to go to Horace Mann, commuting every day into NYC. Thanks in large part to the opportunities I found there (and, I believe, because I started the successful Ski Club), I managed to get into Harvard. Thanks to Advanced Placement credits from high school (and the due share of hard work), I was able to convince Harvard to give me two degrees upon my departure in 2003: a BA in Physics and an MS in Computer Science.
I was at Harvard during (the end of) the dot-com boom. There weren't enough graduate students to staff the undergraduate courses, so professors hired undergrads to be TAs in other undergrad courses. I was a TA for the first course in the CS majors' sequence (cs50) from sophomore year on, acting as one of two head TAs in my senior year. One night during my senior year, as I was getting ready for bed, I found myself thinking that the day had been a great one. Then, I realized that the day had been entirely consumed by my duties as a head TA. Thus, I decided to go into education full-time, and landed a job at Northfield Mount Hermon School.
Northfield Mount Hermon is a co-educational boarding school set in rural Franklin County in western Massachusetts. As is always the case of employees at a boarding school, I fulfilled a number of roles, including computer science teacher, math teacher, math team coach, SAT math prep course instructor, and dorm parent. See my teaching page for more info. I lived in the freshman boys' dorm for all five years. During my last two years, I was the House Director. Helping students day in and day out adjust both to the rigors of high school and to living without their parents was incredibly fulfilling. I still miss the warm, fun community that was East Hall (for two years) and London Cottage (for three).
(Working at a boarding school is a great experience for an individual with the right mind-set. I'd be happy to offer more thoughts on this, if you're interested. Just email!)
The community of a boarding school is fantastic, but it's a little isolating. So, I thought I would try something completely different. I moved to London! While there, I worked at The American School in London. Life outside of my job was very different living overseas, but my job responsibilities remained remarkably unchanged. Again, see my teaching page for more detailed info.
Most notably, London is where I met my wonderful wife, Amanda, though she originally hails from outside of Philadelphia. Our daughter, Emma, was born in London (and has dual citizenship) in June of 2011. We moved back to the US when she was 5 weeks old. Having a first child, moving internationally, buying a first house, and changing careers all at the same time was difficult. I don't recommend it.
While working in London, two things happened: I found myself increasingly itching for more intellectual stimulation, and I met a bunch of professors, all of whom said they had the best job in the world. So, I left a career I loved (teaching high school really was fantastic) in search of one even better and enrolled in the doctorate program at the University of Pennsylvania.
Contrary to popular belief, being a graduate student was fun. I worked with an absolutely amazing advisor, Stephanie Weirich, and got to spend my days tinkering with types, proving properties, and hacking in Haskell. The flexibility of grad school meshed quite well with the inflexibility of raising a child, so timing was good. Penn is a great place for grad school. Go there.
Toward the end of my time at Penn, I landed my dream job at Bryn Mawr College. I say it's my dream job because it's precisely what I was looking for when I started at Penn -- an even balance of teaching and research at a liberal arts college. Even better, my family and I could remain near extended family and I could easily continue the research collaborations and partnerships I built while at Penn, chiefly with Stephanie and her students.
After three great years at Bryn Mawr, I decided—much to my surprise—to leave academia. Essentially, I realized that I would not have the time as a professor to devote to my research goals. In particular, I feel I have something to contribute to Haskell, and I wouldn't quite be able to pull it off as a professor. With the implementation demands of a project like Haskell/GHC, balancing teaching and research was too much. So I was thrilled to connect with Tweag, a software consultancy and research lab based in Paris, France. They hired me as a Principal Researcher to continue my type-systems research and my contributions to GHC. One of my major projects as part of my work at Tweag was to help launch the Haskell Foundation, where I serve as chair of the board.
Why concentrate on one language when I can have two? Three years into my time at Tweag&emdash;and after roughly a decade focused on Haskell&emdash;I found I wanted to learn more about how languages other than Haskell worked, both on a technical and social level. I was thus very happy to land a job at Jane Street, a leading enterprise user of the OCaml language. At Jane Street, I take much of what I learned about Haskell and apply it in a new setting, all while trying to increase the transfer of knowledge between the two language communities. I continue to show up for work every day excited about what problems I'll be able to solve.
Check out my publications for more info about what I'm up to today.


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Want to get in touch? The best way is to contact me via my Linkedin account:


2023 Fantasy Build Explore Mobile strategy city builder game. Unity, mobile 2022-2021 Blockchain learning project Blockchain wallet that I've made as a learning project in Go and Rust. Go, Rust, Blockchain Idle Town Builder Mobile idle town builder with pixelated art-style. NDA, Unity, mobile FF XIV Plugins A number of plugins for MMO Final Fantasy XIV. Reverse-engineering, modding Turn-based strategy Playtesting prototype of a turn-based strategy game. NDA, Unity, desktop Turn-based RPG Playtesting prototype of a highly dynamic turn-based RPG. NDA, Unity, desktop 2020 Bannerlord Mods C# Library for mod developers and some examples of its usage. Reverse-engineering, modding DCS Liberation Dynamic campaign engine for a flight simulator. Currently has a team of OSS maintainers. Python openrunner A project to implement Android: Netrunner card game. C++, Lua, OpenGL Osa Simulator 9K33M2 Оса (surface-to-air missile system) simulator with some unorthodox approaces to radar simulation. Unity, simulation Unity Tech Demos A collection of various tech demos that I've did using Unity. Unity, desktop, mobile 2019-2018 Minimed Connect Mobile app remote for Medtronic insulin pump. Mobile application, Swift, Flutter OverpassSwift Openstreetmap client library with slick DSL API based on swift function builders. Mobile application, Swift Xcode plugins A set of Xcode plugins to make it more bearable. Reverse-engineering, desktop application Airbuds Small utility to keep Airpods on macOS in check. Desktop application, C, macOS ccutil Utility application to mitigate some common Code Collaborator + git pitfalls. Desktop application, Python 2016-2017 Jegfaller Rhythm game built with Java/Slick2D. Slick2D, Java Vita-Moonlight Nvidia Shield streaming client project that I've heavily contributed to. PS Vita, C sinoptik.ua iOS client Client for a popular weather forecast site. iOS, Objective-C Telemetry Masters HUD for codemasters racing games on your smartphone. iOS, Swift advremap Playstation vita plugin that lets you remap buttons in games. C, PS Vita, Homebrew Panelchan Application to read manga\comics from any website on the web. iOS, Swift 2010-2015 Unfinished roguelike Roguelike project made in Clojure. Clojure, Procedural Generation celty Minimalistic server administration web utility. Python, Web Fullstack Bukkit (Minecraft) server plugins. Minecraft server with set of custom plugins. Java, Python, Linux Zone of Alienation Mobile game (J2ME) heavily inspired by cult classic Stalker. J2ME, Java


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I am a Web developer who graduated from faculty of Science and Engineering.
I've worked on more than 10 different projects,
I used Photoshop to design then convert them into code, and coding only in others.
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I took a lot of courses from professionals and made a lot of projects to solidify my experience.
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Ghost Bizzle sounds off on Twitter about Fortnite controller players
by Jimmy RussoFortnite pro Bizzle hates playing against controller players and he wants everyone to know it. He went on a Twitter spree on November 14, telling the world how he feels about them.
The keyboard and mouse vs. controller rivalry rages on. This time, it’s Timothy “Bizzle” Miller weighing in on the issue. Is the aim assist debate played out? Apparently not, for some.
Ghost Bizzle is one of the top Fortnite pros in the world, earning hundreds of thousands of dollars in winnings over the past year-plus. His kryptonite? Controller aim assist.
Bizzle went on a bit of a Twitter rant last night, complaining about controller players in his tournament. This was likely in response to the Platform Cash Cups, where controller players on PC play with keyboard and mouse players. If it’s in reference to the general presence of controller players in all tournaments, though, these aren’t “PC tournaments.”
Fortnite is the first game to mix all players into one competitive pool. Controller and KBM players compete against one another for cash and bragging rights. Keyboard and mouse players have every advantage in the book save for one glaring element: aim assist.
Bizzle vs. controller players
Complaining about aim assist is a bit of a meme in Fortnite. The top KBM pros in the game need to practice their aim for hours to hit accurate shots, and feel as though controller players get it for free.
Bizzle is only the latest in a long line of Fortnite pros to complain about dying to a controller player.
Streamer and caster CourageJD responded to the clip above, saying, “LMAO bro cmon man. Aim assist isn’t that bad. Sure, sometimes it pisses us off but you can’t be serious that it’s that bad. You’re one of the best players in the game. Controllers players aren’t some pest that have run rampant. PC players still dominate,” to which Bizzle replied, “Stick to casting.”
It’s understandable for Bizzle and other top players to feel this way about aim assist. They have to practice to have the best aim in Fortnite and feel slighted when a controller player out-blooms them.
The problem, though, is that legions of fans will complain about aim assist as well. These players haven’t put in the same number of hours as people like Bizzle and Tfue, but still, complain when they get killed by a controller player.
NickMercs put it best when the new controller settings came out. If aim assist is so overpowered, then why is there only a small handful of successful Fortnite pros playing on a controller?
(Clip starts at 0:48 for mobile readers)
“If it’s so easy then all of these guys would be on controller.”
Playing with a controller on a PC is one thing, but playing on a console is a completely different animal. Speaking as a console player, we don’t want you guys in our lobbies, either. We have to cross our fingers that the buildings render every game, or hope that a lag spike doesn’t get us killed.
I think that the “controller aimbot” meme is tired at this point – at least people who are serious about it. What do you think? Let us know in the comments.


This is an example of the "Turner-LightItalic" web font file.
Note: Web Fonts may not work with all web browsers. Please check your web browser documentation for Web Font support.


importance: 3
Write an if condition to check that age is between 14 and 90 inclusively.
if
age
14
90
“Inclusively” means that age can reach the edges 14 or 90.


Watchlist App
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{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}
Medieval catalogues > REGISTRUM ANGLIE > Union catalogue by author and title, early 14th cent.
{% endif %}31 identified entries found.
All data was derived from the List of Identifications by Professor Richard Sharpe.
{% if not printing %}
A key to codes used in the List is available (opens in new tab).{% endif %}


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Class SI
Provides units in the International System of Units.
Inheritance
Namespace: Lapis.Math.Measurement
Assembly: Lapis.Math.Measurement.dll
Syntax
public static class SI : Object
Properties
A
Gets a Unit object that represents the electric current unit ampere (A).
Declaration
public static Unit A { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Unit | The Unit object that represents the electric current unit ampere (A). |
C
Gets a Unit object that represents the electric charge unit coulomb (C).
Declaration
public static Unit C { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Unit | The Unit object that represents the electric charge unit coulomb (C). |
cd
Gets a Unit object that represents the unit of luminous intensity, candela (cd).
Declaration
public static Unit cd { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Unit | The Unit object that represents the unit of luminous intensity, candela (cd). |
cm
Gets a Unit object that represents the length unit centimetre (cm).
Declaration
public static Unit cm { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Unit | The Unit object that represents the length unit centimetre (cm). |
F
Gets a Unit object that represents the electric capacity unit farad (F).
Declaration
public static Unit F { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Unit | The Unit object that represents the electric capacity unit farad (F). |
g
Gets a Unit object that represents the mass unit gram (g).
Declaration
public static Unit g { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Unit | The Unit object that represents the mass unit gram (g). |
h
Gets a Unit object that represents the time unit hour (h).
Declaration
public static Unit h { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Unit | The Unit object that represents the time unit hour (h). |
Hz
Gets a Unit object that represents the frequency unit hertz (Hz).
Declaration
public static Unit Hz { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Unit | The Unit object that represents the frequency unit hertz (Hz). |
J
Gets a Unit object that represents the energy unit joule (J).
Declaration
public static Unit J { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Unit | The Unit object that represents the energy unit joule (J). |
K
Gets a Unit object that represents the temperature unit kelvin (K).
Declaration
public static Unit K { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Unit | The Unit object that represents the temperature unit kelvin (K). |
kg
Gets a Unit object that represents the mass unit kilogram (kg).
Declaration
public static Unit kg { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Unit | The Unit object that represents the mass unit kilogram (kg). |
kJ
Gets a Unit object that represents the energy unit kilojoule (kJ).
Declaration
public static Unit kJ { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Unit | The Unit object that represents the energy unit kilojoule (kJ). |
km
Gets a Unit object that represents the length unit kilometre (km).
Declaration
public static Unit km { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Unit | The Unit object that represents the length unit kilometre (km). |
kW
Gets a Unit object that represents the power unit kilowatt (kW).
Declaration
public static Unit kW { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Unit | The Unit object that represents the power unit kilowatt (kW). |
L
Gets a Unit object that represents the 体积单位升（L）.
Declaration
public static Unit L { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Unit | The Unit object that represents the 体积单位升（L）. |
m
Gets a Unit object that represents the length unit metre (m).
Declaration
public static Unit m { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Unit | The Unit object that represents the length unit metre (m). |
mg
Gets a Unit object that represents the mass unit milligram (mg).
Declaration
public static Unit mg { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Unit | The Unit object that represents the mass unit milligram (mg). |
min
Gets a Unit object that represents the time unit minute (min).
Declaration
public static Unit min { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Unit | The Unit object that represents the time unit minute (min). |
mL
Gets a Unit object that represents the volume unit litre (L).
Declaration
public static Unit mL { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Unit | The Unit object that represents the volume unit millilitre (mL). |
mm
Gets a Unit object that represents the length unit millimetre (mm).
Declaration
public static Unit mm { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Unit | The Unit object that represents the length unit millimetre (mm). |
mol
Gets a Unit object that represents the unit of amount of substance, mole (mol).
Declaration
public static Unit mol { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Unit | The Unit object that represents the unit of amount of substance, mole (mol). |
N
Gets a Unit object that represents the force unit newton (N).
Declaration
public static Unit N { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Unit | The Unit object that represents the force unit newton (N). |
Ohm
Gets a Unit object that represents the electrical resistance unit ohm (Ω).
Declaration
public static Unit Ohm { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Unit | The Unit object that represents the electrical resistance unit ohm (Ω). |
Pa
Gets a Unit object that represents the pressure unit pascal(Pa).
Declaration
public static Unit Pa { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Unit | The Unit object that represents the pressure unit pascal(Pa). |
s
Gets a Unit object that represents the time unit second (s).
Declaration
public static Unit s { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Unit | The Unit object that represents the time unit second (s). |
T
Gets a Unit object that represents the magnetic field unit tesla (T).
Declaration
public static Unit T { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Unit | The Unit object that represents the magnetic field unit tesla (T). |
V
Gets a Unit object that represents the voltage unit volt (V).
Declaration
public static Unit V { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Unit | The Unit object that represents the voltage unit volt (V). |
W
Gets a Unit object that represents the power unit watt (W).
Declaration
public static Unit W { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Unit | The Unit object that represents the power unit watt (W). |
Wb
Gets a Unit object that represents the magnetic flux unit weber (Wb).
Declaration
public static Unit Wb { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Unit | The Unit object that represents the magnetic flux unit weber (Wb). |


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1: ==User Libraries== 2: 3: === Status 02/11/09 === 4: 5: libc now builds cleanly along with a number of additional libs. Please consult the README.polaris or the usr/src/lib/README.ppc for specifics on the details. Make sure you have the latest updated /opt/onbld tools. On a fresh repo pull you first must build genassym and assym.h in the libc/ppc dir as follows 6: 7: make genassym 8: make assym.h 9: 10: Then use the following in /libc or the root /lib. 11: 12: CHECK_FNAMES=/bin/true make install 13: 14: === Status 11/02/07 === 15: 16: Many of the shared libraries are now building. If you do a make -k install in usr/src/lib you’ll get a good pass at a number of them. The GNU toolchain has an issue with creating incorrect relocations. Basically if you have a recursive call in a function of the primary function you will get the following after the link stage. 17: 18: text relocation failed 19: 20: To correct this declare the called func extern within the func. 21: 22: Others may show up. 23: 24: For libnsl we had to create the front end language for g++ and cpp. You will need to update your GNU toolchain and install the ones we have created. 25: 26: === libc status 01/08/2007 === 27: 28: Outline: 29: 30: *How lib/ppc was made 31: **Copy and modify 32: **Trend toward more portable code 33: **Makefile.com 34: 35: *What is in libc - Issues 36: * *genassym 37: * *C Preprocessor used for asm 38: * *pre-ANSI C function prototypes 39: * *Assembly code 40: * *Floating-point 41: * *Unimplemented functions 42: *Porting Schedule 43: *Testing 44: *Documentation 45: 46: 47: ===How libc/ppc was made=== 48: 49: ====Copy and modify==== 50: ~---- 51: Many aspects of Solaris/PPC, not just libc, are made by copying existing 52: code and modifying. It is a judgement call, made on a case-by-case basis, 53: what existing code to use as the starting point. 54: 55: Sometimes, it is best to start from the old Solaris/PPC 2.6 code. This is almost always appropriate for small leaf nodes that deal more with instruction-set architecture, which has not changed much over the last decade. Other times, it seems better to start with modern (ONNV) code for another processor, and modify for PowerPC. This is more appropriate for things that interact with operating system services, where the interfaces may have changed considerably. 56: 57: Then, there is the question of which processor to use as a starting point. Our current work on 32-bit PowerPC is more like x86 in some ways, but more like Sparc in other ways. 58: 59: PowerPC is more like x86: 60: 1. Both are 32-bit only. Yes, there are 64-bit PowerPC machines, but we are not porting to those, yet. Yes, there are 64-bit x86 machines, but that is practically a different ISA, so we need not consider that for our purposes, here. 61: 1. Both are little-endian, see note:1 , so layout of some data structures can be cribbed off of IA32 code. 62: 1. Both carve out a portion of each userland process address space for the kernel address space, whereas sparc has its own completely separate kernel address space. 63: 1.There is no dynamic reconfiguration to deal with, so physical memory management is easier. 64: 65: PowerPC is more like sparc: 66: 67: 1. Both are big-endian, see note:1, so layout of some data structures can be cribbed off of sparc code. 68: 1. Both have 32 general-purpose (integer) registers, whereas x86 has significantly fewer registers and almost none are truly general-purpose. And, as a consequence ... 69: 1. Both almost always pass all function arguments in registers, whereas x86 must almost always pass arguments on the stack. 70: 1. Both have 32-bit, 64-bit, and 128-bit binary IEEE 754 floating-point and a set of directly addressed floating-point registers, whereas x86 has its own 80-bit extended format, and has a mixed bag of floating-point stack and SSE registers. 71: 1. Both use some form of OpenFirmware. 72: 73: note:1 PowerPC can work in big-endian or little-endian mode. Solaris/PPC supports both. Solaris 2.6 code was little-endian only; Solaris 2.11 code is big-endian, but code is written to work both ways. Some libc functions were built using a merge of x86 and sparc code for 2.11, and Tim Marsland’s 2.6 PPC big-endian workspace. 74: 75: ====Trend toward more portable code==== 76: ~---- 77: 78: Solaris 2.6 had a relatively small amount of code in usr/src/lib/libc/port 79: and more code in usr/src/lib/libc/${ISA} for each instruction-set architecture. 80: 81: 82: The trend over the last decade has been to rely more on libc/port. This has 83: been driven by the higher cost of maintaining code for more processors, and by 84: faster processors and better compilers making it less important to do 85: isa-specific optimizations using hand-code assembly language. 86: 87: Many libc/ppc functions from Solaris/PPC 2.6 were abandoned. That is, they 88: simply did not make it into the port to Solaris/PPC 2.11. And, good riddance. 89: The libc/port function was used, instead. There are probably yet more libc/ppc 2.6 functions that could be removed, after a more careful review. I am not 90: completely confident that my first pass did the job perfectly. It was a pretty 91: quick-and-dirty first pass. 92: 93: Makefile.com 94: ~---- 95: 96: The starting point for the file, usr/src/lib/libc/ppc/Makefile.com was 97: usr/src/lib/libc/i386/Makefile.com. There are some files that have a 98: corresponding name, such as i386_data.o vs. ppc_data.o. There are files that 99: exist only in i386, such as lxstat.o, xmknod.o and xstat.o. So far, these 100: difference have been an annoyance, because, when there are changes to 2.11 101: libc/i386, it is very likely that we want to make the corresponding change to 102: libc/ppc, but automatic merging of Makefile.com can fail due to mismatches in 103: surrounding context. I am considering coming up with empty files for lxstat.o, 104: xmknod.o, and xstat.o, and maybe making a few other changes, just to make 105: automatic merging easier. 106: 107: ====What is in libc==== 108: ~---- 109: 110: Subdirectories 111: ~---- 112: Each processor (and libc/port) has the following subdirectories: 113: *crt C runtime 114: *etc 115: *fp floating-point functions 116: *gen general-purpose 117: *inc header files 118: *sys system calls (not header files, like other ’sys’ directories) 119: *threads 120: *unwind 121: 122: [[ More detail to be added, later. ~-- Guy Shaw ]] 123: 124: 125: ====Issues==== 126: ~---- 127: 128: genassym 129: ~---- 130: genassym.c and offset.in have the same issues as genassym 131: in usr/src/uts. The compiler used on the build machine 132: must be an x86 compiler, which does not necessarily produce 133: the same results as a PowerPC compiler, for things like 134: offsets within data structures. 135: 136: As more libc functions are fleshed out, this problem may 137: get worse. But, if we move to a strategy of doing more in 138: C, taking advantage of GNU C **inline** **asm** functions, 139: then the problem might be reduced, or go away, entirely. 140: But, since there are many .s files in libc/port, they 141: would have to be taken care of by a more clever, more 142: general-purpose solution. But, it could be done. 143: 144: C Preprocessor used for asm 145: ~---- 146: Cpp is not a general-purpose preprocessor. It is specialized 147: for the C programming language. That specialization has 148: advantages and disadvantages. 149: 150: Any attempt to use cpp for anything other than C programs 151: is likely to run into trouble. The less like C the subject 152: programming language, the more likely it is that there will 153: be some problem with comments, token-pasting behavior, 154: line continuation, preprocessor arithmetic, or something. 155: The problems get worse if there is much in the way of "clever" 156: use of preprocessor features, such as using token pasting to 157: construct identifiers from fragments of identifiers. 158: 159: Construction of identifiers using ANSI C token pasting fails 160: for assembly language in the case of local identifiers that 161: start with ’.’. A period is not part of a valid C identifier, 162: so token ANSI C token pasting will not work. Unfortunately, 163: this is not some exotic corner case; construction of local 164: identifiers is very useful. It would not do to confine 165: construction of identifiers to global symbols. 166: 167: Token pasting is also used to create symbols of the form: 168: identifier@qualifier, where ’qualifier’ is ’ha’, ’la’, ’plt’, 169: etc. Sparc has similar kinds of symbols. Fortunately, 170: whitespace is allowed between identifier and qualifier. 171: But that just means we lucked out on that issue, not that 172: we can ignore the cpp problem. 173: 174: There is a significant amount of code in Solaris that depends 175: on Sun’s cpp, which suppresses null comments entirely, rather 176: than treating them is a single space. This is used to construct 177: identifiers a/**/b, where ’ab’ is the identifier that is needed. 178: This code occurs not only in processor-specific code all processors, 179: but in common code. 180: 181: Due to the legacy of common code, Solaris/PPC 2.11 continues to rely 182: Sun’s cpp. 183: 184: pre-ANSI C function prototypes 185: ~---- 186: Much of the C code that came from Solaris/PPC 2.6 has 187: C functions with pre-ANSI C prototypes. The code builds, 188: and much of it probably still works. But, it would be 189: nice to convert to ANSI-C prototypes. Of course, the most 190: portable thing to do would be to use the preprocessor and 191: generate both ANSI and K&R function declarations, but I 192: don’t know if anyone cares about that, now. 193: 194: Some converted code is present, as long as I was visiting it for 195: some other reasoning, but it is not completeI. Not even close. 196: 197: Assembly code 198: ~---- 199: Assembly language code from Solaris/PPC 2.6 has had to 200: be modified, partly to account for differences in notation, 201: but mostly to update the mnemonics used. 202: 203: Some changes are to ensure correct code for both 32-bit and 64-bit 204: hardware, others are changes in usage of simplified mnemonics. 205: 206: Here is a table of opcodes that have had to be modified. 207: 208: old new page[2] note 209: ~---- ~---- ~---- ~---- 210: cmp cmpw 8-28 cmp, L=0 211: cmpi cmpwi 8-29 cmpi, L=0 212: cmpl cmplw 8-30 cmpl, L=0 213: cmpli cmplwi 8-31 cmpli, L=0 214: sl slw 8-158 215: sli slwi 8-155 rlwinm 216: sri srwi 8-155 rlwinm 217: 218: [1] page: Page number in MPCFPE32B, Rev. 3, 2005/09. 219: 220: 221: Floating-point 222: ~---- 223: libc/ppc/fp ~-- quadruple (128-bit) floating-point arithmetic. 224: * Not in i386; In sparc; some in sparcv9 225: * Low priority 226: * Reference: 227: Title: Doubled-Precision IEEE Standard 754 Floating-Point Arithmetic 228: Author: Kahan, W. 229: Date: 1987-Feb-26 230: * Reference: 231: Title: Software for Doubled-Precision Floating-Point Computations 232: Author: Linnainmaa, Seppo 233: ACM TOMS vol 7 no 3, September 1981, pages 272-283 234: Date: 1981-Sep 235: 236: See also,
Testing
 for testing of floating-point. 237: 238: [[ Fill in more detail. ~-- Guy Shaw ]] 239: 240: 241: ====Unimplemented functions==== 242: ~---- 243: Many functions in libc/ppc are not implemented, at all, or 244: are partially coded, but have some portion that is unimplemented. 245: These can be located by looking for two patterns: 246: 1. calls to libc_unimplemented() 247: 1. preprocessor directives that conditionally compile 248: based on preprocessor symbols of the form XXX_* 249: 250: All calls to libc_unimplemented() in C code pass no arguments. 251: So you can find all calls by searching for the string, 252: ’libc_unimplemented()’. 253: 254: In assembly language, all occurrence can be found by searching 255: for the regular expression, ’bl\t+libc_unimplemented’, where ’\t’ 256: is a tab. 257: 258: Searching for all calls to libc_unimplemented and for all 259: /^#if.*defined(XXX_/ would generate a pretty complete list 260: of things to do. However, that list contains no information 261: about priority (urgency and/or importance), schedule, or 262: anything else. See
Porting Schedule
. 263: 264: ====Porting Schedule==== 265: ~---- 266: In order to meet our next milestone, userland process, 267: we do not really need any libraries, not even libc. We 268: can create a statically linked program that does its own 269: traps to do system calls directly. But, the milestone 270: after that, single user prompt with Bourne shell, would 271: require at least a good bit of libc, and some other libraries. 272: 273: If we do things in the "natural" order, that is, if we wait 274: until userland processes work before we write and test libc 275: functions, then there will be considerable extra delay in 276: the schedule. A great deal of writing and testing needs 277: to be done "out of order", before //any// testing can be done 278: on a live system running Solaris/PPC. 279: 280: See the section,
Testing
, immediately below. 281: 282: We will definitely need many of the general-purpose functions 283: 284: and system calls. We can probably skip many less frequently 285: called functions. I have not done a detailed analysis of 286: what is needed. I will probably run truss on Bourne shell 287: to collect the list of functions and system calls it really 288: needs just to come up and do something light-duty but 289: realistic. We want to make "accomodations" for early 290: bringup, but we don’t want to cross the line, where we 291: would be just plain cheating. 292: 293: We can probably postpone work on floating-point. However, 294: that has not changed much, so we might do it because it is 295: cheap, and effectively just comes along for the ride, since 296: much of the cost of porting and testing can be shared. 297: Thorough testing of floating-point arithmetic, on the other 298: hand, can be very costly. 299: 300: I am hoping that single-user prompt using Bourne shell 301: will not require any support for multi-threading. Threads 302: is one of those areas that had undergone a great deal of 303: revision over the last decade, including Roger Faulkner’s 304: "great reform". This is one area of libc that might better 305: done by throwing away all Solaris/PPC 2.6 code and starting 306: anew from Solaris/x86 2.11. 307: 308: What I fear is that, even though Bourne shell does not 309: require fully functional multi-threading support, the 310: new thread model means that support for multi-threading 311: is an integral part of even the simplest process, and 312: so, in modern Solaris, it can never again be treated 313: as a bolt-on. That is as it should be. But, it means 314: we may have to implement the bulk of the libc/ppc/thread 315: functions, up front. 316: 317: Testing 318: ~---- 319: 320: A nice thing about working on libraries is that, 321: except for things like libc/ppc/sys (system calls), 322: almost everything can be tested on a hosted system, 323: with the same ISA. For example, Linux on an Apple. 324: 325: Test suite 326: * QA at Sun 327: {{{ 328: Q: Are Sun’s test suites available under CDDL license? 329: * Low priority background task for me: obtain info about 330: Sun’s QA arsenal for testing libraries, especially libc. 331: }}} 332: 333: Paranoia - for testing floating-point 334: * Low priority background task for me: obtain, build, and test Paranoia 335: 336: Documentation 337: ~---- 338: 339: Show work 340: ~---- 341: Much of the existing Solaris code gets low marks for documentation 342: because the source code lacks background material, an overview of 343: program logic, rationale, original work, etc. Only polished code 344: makes it into the gate. Everything else is jettisoned. 345: 346: 347: 348:
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--- title: ASKME - P2P Messaging Eclipse Plugin date: 2012-06-10 22:30:14.000000000 +02:00 type: pages published: true status: publish categories: [] tags: [] meta: _edit_last: '1' _wp_page_template: sidebar-page.php author: login: patmuk email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: patmuk first_name: '' last_name: '' languages: en --- {% include fallback_lang_support %}
ASKME (AwarenessSupportKeepingMessagesEnvironment) is an Eclipse plugin, which allows globally distributed developers to keep in touch as well as notice potentially contact persons. The plugin extends Eclipse with a contact list and a chat window.
If development is geographically distributed, there is often a loss in awareness of co-workers working on the same project. Especially when they are spread over different time zones and work at different times. It is impossible to meet in the coffee kitchen and spontaneously share ideas and talk about problems. ASKME helps to keep this awareness with two main features:


OVERVIEW
The Department of Electrical Engineering (EE) at IIT Palakkad offers a vibrant environment for under graduate, post graduate education and research in many areas of Electrical Engineering. We are a team of 17 faculty (16 fulltime + 1 visiting), 180 students and 4 staff members engaged in cutting edge research and teaching in several frontier areas of Electrical Engineering.


Accessibility statement for the Pay a penalty for filing your company accounts late service
This service is run by
Companies House. We want as many people as possible to be able to use this service. For example, that means you should be able to:
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We’ve also made the website text simple to understand.
AbilityNet has advice on making your device easier to use if you have a disability.
How accessible this service is
This service is fully accessible.
What to do if you can’t access parts of this service
- Contact us by:
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Or write to us at:
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We’ll discuss what assistance we can provide to help you meet your responsibilities. With your permission, we’ll place a note on our internal system.
For example, if you have impaired vision and would prefer us to contact you by phone, we can call to remind you when your confirmation statement or accounts are due.
Reporting accessibility problems with this service
We are continuing to improve the accessibility of this service. Contact us if you have accessibility requirements that are not listed on this page.
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contact the Equality Advisory and Support Service (EASS).
Technical information about this service’s accessibility
Companies House is committed to making its website accessible in accordance with the Public Sector Bodies (Websites and Mobile Applications) (No. 2) Accessibility Regulations 2018.
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This service was last (externally) audited on 5 November 2018. The audit was carried out by the
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We tested all the screens from start page to confirmation screen.
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To improve this service's accessibility, we:
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- carry out internal tests for compliance with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines V2.1 level A and level AA
- work with external agencies in major UK cities to perform usability research with users
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our user panel
to take part in sessions at our usability lab in Cardiff
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an assistive technology lab
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Read our blogs about usability
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This statement was prepared on 17 February 2020. It was last updated on 17 February 2020.


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Linux- How to Monitor Keyboard Keystrokes Using ‘LogKeys’ in Linux
- logkeys - a GNU/Linux keylogger
- logkeys is a linux keylogger. It is no more advanced than other available linux keyloggers, notably lkl and uberkey, but is a bit newer, more up to date, it doesn't unreliably repeat keys and it shouldn't crash your X. All in all, it just seems to work. It relies on event interface of the Linux input subsystem. Once completely set, it logs all common character and function keys, while also being fully aware of Shift and AltGr key modifiers.
- keysniffer: trace pressed keys in debugfs
- SKeylogger
- SKeylogger is a simple keylogger. I had previously been using a few other open source keyloggers, but they stopped working when I upgraded my operating system. I tried to look through the code of those keyloggers, but it was undocumented, messy, and complex. I decided to make my own highly documented and very simple keylogger.
- Using xkeyscan to Parse an X-Based Linux Keylogger
- Leverage native X-based tools for real-time keylogging with xkeyscan, a Python script that translates X keycodes into legible keystrokes.
-


| Thorny |
1 |
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Helly Shah to make brief appearance in ‘Yeh Rishtey Hain Pyaar Ke’
by BizAsia CorrespondentAfter her recent stint in ‘Sufiyana Pyaar Mera’, Helly Shah is set to make a pivotal entry in Star Plus’ popular series ‘Yeh Rishtey Hain Pyaar Ke’.
It has been reported that Shah will play the role of Neha in the current track where Abeer and Mishti are seen happier after Mehul’s arrest.
Shah confirmed the news but refused to divulge details.
Keep it with BizAsiaLive.com for more.


Drivers go wrong way on M5 to avoid accident queue
Drivers have been warned not to break the law by going the wrong way on the M5 to avoid long queues.
Highways England said it had seen "traffic driving the wrong way into Avonmouth" following an accident northbound between J18 and J17 earlier.
It said in a tweet: "This is illegal. You are putting yourselves, our roadworkers and other road users at great risk."
Traffic that was being held has now been released, a spokesperson said.


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Parser construction
A parser is nothing more than a class that derives from
Parslet::Parser
. The simplest parser that one could write would
look like this:
class SimpleParser < Parslet::Parser
rule(:a_rule) { str('simple_parser') }
root(:a_rule)
end
The language recognized by this parser is simply the string “simple_parser”. Parser rules do look a lot like methods and are defined by
rule(name) { definition_block }
Behind the scenes, this really defines a method that returns whatever you return from it.
Every parser has a root. This designates where parsing should start. It is like an entry point to your parser. With a root defined like this:
root(:my_root)
you create a #parse
method in your parser that will start parsing
by calling the #my_root
method. You’ll also have a #root
(instance) method that is an alias of the root method. The following things are
really one and the same:
SimpleParser.new.parse(string)
SimpleParser.new.root.parse(string)
SimpleParser.new.a_rule.parse(string)
Knowing these things gives you a lot of flexibility; I’ll explain why at the end of the chapter. For now, just let me point out that because all of this is Ruby, your favorite editor will syntax highlight parser code just fine.
Atoms: The inside of a parser
Matching strings of characters
A parser is constructed from parser atoms (or parslets, hence the name). The atoms are what appear inside your rules (and maybe elsewhere). We’ve already encountered an atom, the string atom:
str('simple_parser')
This returns a Parslet::Atoms::Str
instance. These parser atoms
all derive from Parslet::Atoms::Base
and have essentially just
one method you can call: #parse
. So this works:
str('foobar').parse('foobar') # => "foobar"@0
The atoms are small parsers that can recognize languages and throw errors, just
like real Parslet::Parser
subclasses.
Matching character ranges
The second parser atom you will have to know about allows you to match character ranges:
match('[0-9a-f]')
The above atom would match the numbers zero through nine and the letters ‘a’
to ‘f’ – yeah, you guessed right – hexadecimal numbers for example. The inside
of such a match parslet is essentially a regular expression that matches
a single character of input. Because we’ll be using ranges so much with
#match
and because typing (‘[]’) is tiresome, here’s another way
to write the above #match
atom:
match['0-9a-f']
Character matches are instances of Parslet::Atoms::Re
. Here are
some more examples of character ranges:
match['[:alnum:]'] # letters and numbers
match['\n'] # newlines
match('\w') # word characters
match('.') # any character
The wild wild #any
The last example above corresponds to the regular expression /./
that matches
any one character. There is a special atom for that:
any
Composition of Atoms
These basic atoms can be composed to form complex grammars. The following few sections will tell you about the various ways atoms can be composed.
Simple Sequences
Match ‘foo’ and then ‘bar’:
str('foo') >> str('bar') # same as str('foobar')
Sequences correspond to instances of the class
Parslet::Atoms::Sequence
.
Repetition and its Special Cases
To model atoms that can be repeated, you should use #repeat
:
str('foo').repeat
This will allow foo to repeat any number of times, including zero. If you
look at the signature for #repeat
in Parslet::Atoms::Base
,
you’ll see that it has really two arguments: min and max. So the following
code all makes sense:
str('foo').repeat(1) # match 'foo' at least once
str('foo').repeat(1,3) # at least once and at most 3 times
str('foo').repeat(0, nil) # the default: same as str('foo').repeat
Repetition has a special case that is used frequently: Matching something
once or not at all can be achieved by repeat(0,1)
, but also
through the prettier:
str('foo').maybe # same as str('foo').repeat(0,1)
These all map to Parslet::Atoms::Repetition
. Please note this
little twist to #maybe
:
str('foo').maybe.as(:f).parse('') # => {:f=>nil}
str('foo').repeat(0,1).as(:f).parse('') # => {:f=>[]}
The ‘nil’-value of #maybe
is nil. This is catering to the
intuition that foo.maybe
either gives me foo
or
nothing at all, not an empty array. But have it your way!
Alternation
The most important composition method for grammars is alternation. Without it, your grammars would only vary in the amount of things matched, but not in content. Here’s how this looks:
str('foo') | str('bar') # matches 'foo' OR 'bar'
This reads naturally as “‘foo’ or ‘bar’”.
Operator precedence
The operators we have chosen for parslet atom combination have the operator precedence that you would expect. No parenthesis are needed to express alternation of sequences:
str('s') >> str('equence') |
str('se') >> str('quence')
And more
Parslet atoms are not as pretty as Treetop atoms. There you go, we said it. However, there seems to be a different kind of aesthetic about them; they are pure Ruby and integrate well with the rest of your environment. Have a look at this:
# Also consumes the space after important things like ';' or ':'. Call this
# giving the character you want to match as argument:
#
# arg >> (spaced(',') >> arg).repeat
#
def spaced(character)
str(character) >> match['\s']
end
or even this:
# Turns any atom into an expression that matches a left parenthesis, the
# atom and then a right parenthesis.
#
# bracketed(sum)
#
def bracketed(atom)
spaced('(') >> atom >> spaced(')')
end
You might say that because parslet is just plain old Ruby objects itself (PORO ™), it allows for very tight code. Module inclusion, class inheritance, … all your tools should work well with parslet.
Tree construction
By default, parslet will just echo back to you the strings you feed into it.
Parslet will not generate a parser for you and neither will it generate your
abstract syntax tree for you.
That’s not all. You’ll notice that annotating everything that you want to keep
in your grammar with #as(name)
autocreates a sensible tree
composed of hashes and arrays and strings. It’s really somewhat magic: Parslet
has a set of clever rules that merge the annotated output from your atoms into
a tree. Here are some more examples, with the atom on the left and the resulting
tree (assuming a successful parse) on the right:
# Normal strings just map to strings
str('a').repeat "aaa"@0
# Arrays capture repetition of non-strings
str('a').repeat.as(:b) {:b=>"aaa"@0}
str('a').as(:b).repeat [{:b=>"a"@0}, {:b=>"a"@1}, {:b=>"a"@2}]
# Subtrees get merged - unlabeled strings discarded
str('a').as(:a) >> str('b').as(:b) {:a=>"a"@0, :b=>"b"@1}
str('a') >> str('b').as(:b) >> str('c') {:b=>"b"@1}
# #maybe will return nil, not the empty array
str('a').maybe.as(:a) {:a=>"a"@0}
str('a').maybe.as(:a) {:a=>nil}
Capturing input
Advanced reading material – feel free to skip this.
Sometimes a parser needs to match against something that was already matched against. Think about Ruby heredocs for example:
str = <<-HERE
This is part of the heredoc.
HERE
The key to matching this kind of document is to capture part of the input first and then construct the rest of the parser based on the captured part. This is what it looks like in its simplest form:
match['ab'].capture(:capt) >> # create the capture
dynamic { |s,c| str(c.captures[:capt]) } # and match using the capture
This parser matches either ‘aa’ or ‘bb’, but not mixed forms ‘ab’ or ‘ba’. The
last sample introduced two new concepts for this kind of complex parser: the
#capture(name)
method and the dynamic { ... }
code
block.
Appending #capture(name)
to any parser will capture that parsers
result in the captures hash in the parse context. If and only if the parser
match['ab']
succeeds, it stores either ‘a’ or ‘b’ in
context.captures[:capt]
.
The only way to get at that hash during the parse process is in a
dynamic { ... }
code block. (for reasons that are out of the
scope of this document) In such a block, you can:
dynamic { |source, context|
# construct parsers by using randomness
rand < 0.5 ? str('a') : str('b')
# Or by using context information
str( context.captures[:capt] )
# Or by .. doing other kind of work (consumes 100 chars and then 'a')
source.consume(100)
str('a')
}
Scopes
What if you want to parse heredocs contained within heredocs? It’s turtles all
the way down, after all. To be able to remember what string was used to
construct the outer heredoc, you would use the #scope { ... }
block that was introduced in parslet 1.5. Like opening a Ruby block, it allows
you to capture results (assign values to variables) to the same names you’ve
already used in outer scope – without destroying the outer scopes values for
these captures!.
Here’s an example for this:
str('a').capture(:a) >> scope { str('b').capture(:a) } >>
dynamic { |s,c| str(c.captures[:a]) }
This parses ‘aba’ – if you understand that, you understand scopes and captures. Congrats.
And more
Now you know exactly how to create parsers using Parslet. Your parsers will output intricate structures made of endless arrays, complex hashes and a few string leftovers. But your programming skills fail you when you try to put all this data to use. Selecting keys upon keys in hash after hash, you feel like a cockroach that has just read Kafka’s works. This is no fun. This is not what you signed up for.
Time to introduce you to Parslet::Transform and its workings.


jQuery Playground
#left-well
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Result:


Any citizen who has knowledge of preparation or commission of any crime
or who has any complaint to make with reference to the duties of the Police as
enumerated above can approach the Police Station and give such information
available with him or her
According to the Code of Criminal Procedure, any officer and above of the
rank of Head constable can function as the Station House Officer in-charge of
the Police Station in the absence of Police Sub-Inspector, the senior most Asst
Sub-Inspector present at the Police Station or the senior most Head constable
present functions as the Station House Officer.
Any private person may arrest or cause to be arrested any person who in
his presence commits a non-bail able and cognizable offence, or any
proclaimed offender, and, without unnecessary delay, shall make over or
cause to be made over any person so arrested to a police officer, or, in the
absence of a police officer take such person or cause him to be taken in
custody to the nearest police station.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block content %}
{{ c.description }}
No competencies with the search term!


WITNESS LIST Licensing & Administrative Procedures Committee April 25, 2001-2:00P HB 2026 Registering, but not testifying: For: Donley, Rick (Beer Alliance of Texas) Sparks, Robert (Licensed Beverage Distributors, Inc.) HB 2027 Registering, but not testifying: For: Donley, Rick (Beer Alliance of Texas) HB 2629 On: Atkins, Billy (Texas Lottery Commission) HB 2878 For: Ivy, David M. (Self and Unicard Systems, Inc.)


Crystal Collector!
How to play:
At the start of the game, you will be given a number.
The four crystals displayed at the bottom of the page will add specific amounts of points to the initial value when clicked on.
You win if your score matches the random number (yay!) and lose if your number goes over.
At the start of each game, the values will be changed for each crystal.
Good luck!


--- layout: post title: Fixing the "you have to install development tools first" error when installing certain Rubygems under Lion date: 2011-12-20 21:16:34.000000000 -08:00 type: post published: true status: publish categories: tags: [] meta: _edit_last: '1' author: login: admin email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: admin first_name: Carina C. last_name: Zon ---
Ah, Lion, you stealthy beast. At first you pretended to be fine with RVM, but it was a mis-lead. I reinstalled Homebrew and RVM, and you did seem content. Rubies waiting where they should be, even with their gemsets attached. But then I tried to use sqlite, and you just growled errors at me. Even after upgrading XCode, you still insist that I "have to install development tools first."
For the record, when upgrading to Lion:
$ brew update
$ brew install --force sqlite
$ rvm gem head
$ rvm --force install 1.9.3
# whatever Ruby version you use; lather, rinse, repeat
$ gem install sqlite3
# or bundle install sqlite3, if using Bundler
Forcing RVM to reinstall its Rub(y|ies) is probably necessary if you have any gem that relies on C headers.
Homebrew is merely optional. But sqlite relies on the library it installs, and I try to not carry forward messiness that's bound to bite me on the ass later.
Shout outs to Frank Lakatos of Faking Fantastic for the RVM fix, and to Jörg W Mittag's explanation on Stackoverflow about CGems.
UPDATE: Apple has release a UNIX tools package for Lion which contains the necessary headers.


<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Copyright © 2000 by Paula Valenca
Nowadays, several projects have become so complex and large that are now impossible to develop and maintain as a single monolithic block. On the other hand, the ability for an application to acquire as much functionality as possible, reusing software and without accumulating functionality not needed at that moment and, thus, not wasting resources, is also becoming an important problem.
These and other problems caused some new strategies to develop, in particular, the use of plugins and components which, using some old principles of modularity and implementation facilities like shared libraries and middleware (e.g., CORBA), permit to overcome these problems in a clean and standard way.
This tutorial aims to provide a clear and precise description of these paradigms. Special attention is also given on how these paradigms can be developed and implementation issues like shared libraries and CORBA. To illustrate, several examples are given. A short discussion on important common aspects and when these strategies should or not be used concludes the tutorial.
This document was written in SGML using Docbook v.3.1 and translated to HTML and LaTeX using Norman Walsh stylesheets v.1.44 |
This tutorial describes two recent technologies that have become very popular: Plugins and Components. It's purpose is to provide a precise definition of this two paradigms and a formalisation of their characteristics. Still, implementation issues are not forgot and technologies like shared libraries and middleware by means of CORBA are also focused as well as some very short and simple examples.
The tutorial starts (Introduction) by presenting several common problems that caused these paradigms to evolve. From these problems a general list of what is desired to be fulfilled is created.
Before describing plugins and components and see how these two can handle the problems referred, Shared libraries provides a description on shared libraries: what they are, benefits and disadvantages, as well as presenting some very useful tools. Shared libraries are very important in developing, mainly, plugins but can also be a better choice for some problem than requiring all the functionality necessary to plugins whose disadvantages can overwrite the advantages.
Next comes the first paradigm focused: plugins (Plugins). A short and precise definition is first presented. The pros and cons of this paradigm are examined and by joining these to the experience gathered from plugin-based technologies available, a list of characteristics that should be fulfilled is presented. The chapter ends by comparing several publicly available implementations (Netscape, Gnumeric and GIMP) and pointing how some characteristics are or not fulfilled and, finally, a small example.
The second paradigm, components, follows in Components. The structure is very similar: a short and formal definition followed by a discussion on the concept, advantages, disadvantages and raised questions. From this, the definition is complemented with a list of characteristics that should be fulfilled. A short comparison on components and objects is summarised in a table since there are some similarities in the two concepts. Next, implementation issues are again approached by discussing middleware which constitutes one of the keywords in component-based technology and making a short description of CORBA. The chapter ends presenting an example: BONOBO, a component-based technology used in GNOME.
Finally, in What to choose it is possible to compare the technologies focused in this tutorial that, although quite different, have some similarities. Some important, general aspects are mentioned as well as some cautions that should be kept in mind.
| Next | ||
| Introduction |


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{{>main_menu_header}}Most of Start Bootstrap's unstyled templates can be directly integrated into the Modern Business template. You can view all of our unstyled templates on our website at http://startbootstrap.com/template-categories/unstyled.


This is a series of comic albums created by the Belgian cartoonist Georges Remi, who wrote under the pen name Herge. The series was one of the most popular European comics of the 20th century.


A flexible color scale for ternary compositions with options for discretization, centering and scaling.
| Version: | 1.2.0 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 2.10) |
| Imports: | grDevices, ggplot2 (≥ 3.0.0), ggtern (≥ 3.0.0), dplyr, shiny, assertthat |
| Suggests: | testthat, knitr, rmarkdown, sf, leaflet, httpuv |
| Published: | 2018-09-13 |
| Author: | Jonas Schöley, Ilya Kashnitsky |
| Maintainer: | Jonas Schöley <jschoeley at gmail.com> |
| License: | GPL-3 |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Materials: | NEWS |
| CRAN checks: | tricolore results |
| Reference manual: | tricolore.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
Choropleth maps with tricolore |
| Package source: | tricolore_1.2.0.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: tricolore_1.2.0.zip, r-release: tricolore_1.2.0.zip, r-oldrel: tricolore_1.2.0.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: tricolore_1.2.0.tgz, r-oldrel: tricolore_1.2.0.tgz |
| Old sources: | tricolore archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=tricolore to link to this page.


Click on various places in the chart, then drag the mouse over the iframe and release it. When you mouse back over the charts, strange things shouldn't happen.


HOME
ARTICLES
CONTACT
TRAVEL FAR
Lower Silesia, Czech Republic, Slovakia
Another trip
Yet another trip
TRAVEL POLAND
Lower Silesia
Another trip
Yet another trip
CASTLES
Magnificent castle
Beautiful castle
Wonderful castle
HISTORY
Story about something
Famous person
A legend


The autocomplete urls creates urls for the models with django_autocomplete.meta.AutocompleteMeta configuration.
Helper method to generate API urls.
>>> from django_autocomplete.urls import make_api_urls
>>> make_api_urls([], TestModel)
[<RegexURLPattern autocomplete_view_silly ^api/filter/silly/$>]
This can be used from project urls and will create autocomplete urls from any model that has an autocomplete attribute that is an instance of django_autocomplete.meta.AutocompleteMeta.
For example:
url(r'', include('django_autocomplete.urls')),
Note
no prefix should be added because it is expected that the path to the autocomplete url for a model is defined at model level.