All Classes
-
All Classes Interface Summary Class Summary Enum Summary Class Description AggregateTranslator Executes a sequence of translators one after the other.AlphabetConverter Convert from one alphabet to another, with the possibility of leaving certain characters unencoded.Builder<T> The Builder interface is designed to designate a class as a builder object in the Builder design pattern.CaseUtils Case manipulation operations on Strings that contain words.CharacterPredicate A predicate for selecting code points.CharacterPredicates Commonly used implementations ofCharacterPredicate
.CharSequenceTranslator An API for translating text.CodePointTranslator Helper subclass to CharSequenceTranslator to allow for translations that will replace up to one character at a time.CommandVisitor<T> This interface should be implemented by user object to walk throughEditScript
objects.CompositeFormat Formats using one formatter and parses using a different formatter.CosineDistance Measures the cosine distance between two character sequences.CosineSimilarity Measures the Cosine similarity of two vectors of an inner product space and compares the angle between them.CsvTranslators This class holds inner classes for escaping/unescaping Comma Separated Values.CsvTranslators.CsvEscaper Translator for escaping Comma Separated Values.CsvTranslators.CsvUnescaper Translator for unescaping escaped Comma Separated Value entries.DeleteCommand<T> Command representing the deletion of one object of the first sequence.EditCommand<T> Abstract base class for all commands used to transform an objects sequence into another one.EditDistance<R> Interface for Edit Distances.EditDistanceFrom<R> This stores aEditDistance
implementation and aCharSequence
"left" string.EditScript<T> This class gathers all thecommands
needed to transform one objects sequence into another objects sequence.EntityArrays Class holding various entity data for HTML and XML - generally for use with the LookupTranslator.ExtendedMessageFormat Extendsjava.text.MessageFormat
to allow pluggable/additional formatting options for embedded format elements.FormatFactory Format factory.FormattableUtils Provides utilities for working with theFormattable
interface.FuzzyScore A matching algorithm that is similar to the searching algorithms implemented in editors such as Sublime Text, TextMate, Atom and others.HammingDistance The hamming distance between two strings of equal length is the number of positions at which the corresponding symbols are different.InsertCommand<T> Command representing the insertion of one object of the second sequence.JaccardDistance Measures the Jaccard distance of two sets of character sequence.JaccardSimilarity Measures the Jaccard similarity (aka Jaccard index) of two sets of character sequence.JaroWinklerDistance A similarity algorithm indicating the percentage of matched characters between two character sequences.JavaUnicodeEscaper Translates codepoints to their Unicode escaped value suitable for Java source.KeepCommand<T> Command representing the keeping of one object present in both sequences.LevenshteinDetailedDistance An algorithm for measuring the difference between two character sequences.LevenshteinDistance An algorithm for measuring the difference between two character sequences.LevenshteinResults Container class to store Levenshtein distance between two character sequences.LongestCommonSubsequence A similarity algorithm indicating the length of the longest common subsequence between two strings.LongestCommonSubsequenceDistance An edit distance algorithm based on the length of the longest common subsequence between two strings.LookupTranslator Translates a value using a lookup table.NumericEntityEscaper Translates codepoints to their XML numeric entity escaped value.NumericEntityUnescaper Translate XML numeric entities of the form &#[xX]?\d+;? to the specific codepoint.NumericEntityUnescaper.OPTION NumericEntityUnescaper option enum.OctalUnescaper Translate escaped octal Strings back to their octal values.RandomStringGenerator Generates random Unicode strings containing the specified number of code points.RandomStringGenerator.Builder A builder for generatingRandomStringGenerator
instances.ReplacementsFinder<T> This class handles sequences of replacements resulting from a comparison.ReplacementsHandler<T> This interface is devoted to handle synchronized replacement sequences.SimilarityScore<R> Interface for the concept of a string similarity score.SimilarityScoreFrom<R> This stores aSimilarityScore
implementation and aCharSequence
"left" string.StrBuilder Deprecated. Deprecated as of 1.3, useTextStringBuilder
instead.StringEscapeUtils Escapes and unescapesString
s for Java, Java Script, HTML and XML.StringEscapeUtils.Builder Convenience wrapper forStringBuilder
providing escape methods.StringLookup Lookup a String key to a String value.StringLookupFactory Provides access to lookups defined in this package.StringMatcher Determines if a character array portion matches.StringMatcherFactory Provides access to matchers defined in this package.StringsComparator It is guaranteed that the comparisons will always be done aso1.equals(o2)
whereo1
belongs to the first sequence ando2
belongs to the second sequence.StringSubstitutor Substitutes variables within a string by values.StringTokenizer Tokenizes a string based on delimiters (separators) and supporting quoting and ignored character concepts.StrLookup<V> Deprecated. Deprecated as of 1.3, useStringLookupFactory
instead.StrMatcher Deprecated. Deprecated as of 1.3, useStringMatcherFactory
instead.StrSubstitutor Deprecated. Deprecated as of 1.3, useStringSubstitutor
instead.StrTokenizer Deprecated. Deprecated as of 1.3, useStringTokenizer
instead.TextRandomProvider TextRandomProvider implementations are used byRandomStringGenerator
as a source of randomness.TextStringBuilder Builds a string from constituent parts providing a more flexible and powerful API than StringBuffer.UnicodeEscaper Translates codepoints to their Unicode escaped value.UnicodeUnescaper Translates escaped Unicode values of the form \\u+\d\d\d\d back to Unicode.UnicodeUnpairedSurrogateRemover Helper subclass to CharSequenceTranslator to remove unpaired surrogates.WordUtils Operations on Strings that contain words.


|
Log4j 1.2.9 | |||||||||
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| Deprecated Classes | |
| org.apache.log4j.spi.RootCategory
Replaced by RootLogger . |
| Deprecated Fields | |
| org.apache.log4j.varia.StringMatchFilter.ACCEPT_ON_MATCH_OPTION
Options are now handled using the JavaBeans paradigm. This constant is not longer needed and will be removed in the near term. |
|
| org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggingEvent.categoryName
This field will be marked as private in future releases. Please do not access it directly. Use the LoggingEvent.getLoggerName() method instead. |
|
| org.apache.log4j.helpers.LogLog.CONFIG_DEBUG_KEY
Use LogLog.DEBUG_KEY instead. |
|
| org.apache.log4j.LogManager.CONFIGURATOR_CLASS_KEY
This variable is for internal use only. It will become private in future versions. |
|
| org.apache.log4j.helpers.DateLayout.DATE_FORMAT_OPTION
Options are now handled using the JavaBeans paradigm. This constant is not longer needed and will be removed in the near term. |
|
| org.apache.log4j.Priority.DEBUG
Use Level.DEBUG instead. |
|
| org.apache.log4j.LogManager.DEFAULT_CONFIGURATION_FILE
This variable is for internal use only. It will become package protected in future versions. |
|
| org.apache.log4j.LogManager.DEFAULT_CONFIGURATION_KEY
This variable is for internal use only. It will become private in future versions. |
|
| org.apache.log4j.LogManager.DEFAULT_INIT_OVERRIDE_KEY
This variable is for internal use only. It will become private in future versions. |
|
| org.apache.log4j.Priority.ERROR
Use Level.ERROR instead. |
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| org.apache.log4j.Priority.FATAL
Use Level.FATAL instead. |
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| org.apache.log4j.Priority.INFO
Use Level.INFO instead. |
|
| org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggingEvent.level
This field will be marked as private in future releases. Please do not access it directly. Use the LoggingEvent.getLevel() method instead. |
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| org.apache.log4j.HTMLLayout.LOCATION_INFO_OPTION
Options are now handled using the JavaBeans paradigm. This constant is not longer needed and will be removed in the near term. |
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| org.apache.log4j.varia.StringMatchFilter.STRING_TO_MATCH_OPTION
Options are now handled using the JavaBeans paradigm. This constant is not longer needed and will be removed in the near term. |
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| org.apache.log4j.helpers.DateLayout.TIMEZONE_OPTION
Options are now handled using the JavaBeans paradigm. This constant is not longer needed and will be removed in the near term. |
|
| org.apache.log4j.Priority.WARN
Use Level.WARN instead. |
|
Log4j 1.2.9 | |||||||||
| PREV NEXT | FRAMES NO FRAMES |


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--- layout: post title: caesar Storyboards date: '2015-01-11T07:30:36+01:00' categories: - Storyboards picture_url: https://film-Storyboards.tumblr.com/post/107786624835/caesar-Storyboards ---


No interference in awarding of contracts by Agriculture Ministry, says deputy minister
KUALA LUMPUR, Nov 21 ― The Agriculture and Agro-based Industry (MOA) Minister and his deputy do not interfere in the awarding of contracts to any party, Parliament heard today.
Deputy minister Sim Tze Tzin stressed this point today when rejecting the allegation of Datuk Seri Dr Wee Ka Siong (BN-Ayer Hitam) made during the debate on the Supply Bill 2020, that three contracts connected to a paddy project exceeding a total value of RM1 billion had been cancelled because the ministry allegedly wanted to award the project to the National Farmers Organization (Nafas).
Sim said the tenders in connection with the project were being validated by the Finance Ministry.
He explained that in accordance with procedure, after a tender was approved at MOA level, it needed to be validated by the Finance Ministry, after which the MOA would issue a letter of acceptance to the successful tenderer.
According to a Finance Ministry circular dated June 29, 2018, any tender exceeding RM50 million in value, requires the ministry's validation, Sim added. ― Bernama


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The goal of the project is to understand how people consume news on social media, to quantify individual users filter bubbles - and to help them find content that helps them over come their own bubbles. In this work, we try to do that by recommending content to these users that represents multiple points of view (and often contrarian) about the issues they care about.
We believe that public dialogue and plurality of opinions are necessary for democracies to deal with societal issues -- and the World Wide Web has the potential to facilitate both. Nevertheless, much of the content we consume on the Web today is brought to us by algorithms, which might or might not be tailored to increase our awareness of the different viewpoints around important issues. If not, there is a real possibility that each of us consumes content that reinforces a specific point of view - perhaps one that we've already subscribed to. Such situations could lead to polarization and estrangement between societal groups that endorse different points of view but have little understanding about the arguments of each other. In this project, our goal is to generate content recommendations that alleviate such situations.
Here we present an interactive demo that (i) showcases the phenomenon of polarization for discussions on controversial topics, and (ii) provides contrarian content recommendations, i.e., content that expresses views from the opposing side of the controversy. The goal of this demo is to allow users to explore polarized discussions on social media and, at the same time, show a way to address the polarization phenomenon.
The experience focuses on controversial topics, and especially on the way information is disseminated in these discussions. As previous studies have confirmed, controversial topics create more polarized discussions, which are characterized by specific types of sharing and information dissemination patterns. We model the discussion as an endorsement graph (e.g., retweets in Twitter). In this graph there is an edge between two users u and v if u retweets v.
Our demonstration shows a possible way to address this problem, by exposing people to contrarian content. Differ- ently from previous attempts, our system is fully automated, and employs an algorithm to recommend a set of contrarian news articles that have been shared by the opposing side. By exposing users to content which supports contrarian beliefs, we hope to encourage people to look and understand the point of view of the other side of the controversy.
More details about how the functionality of the demo can be found in our WWW demo paper here.
We build algorithms to automatically curate and recommend content to users who are involved in a polarized discussion on Twitter. Our pipeline is completely algorithmic, and no human judgements are involved in the process.
Lets consider the polarized topic related to US elections, as an example. We first identify users that were active on the day after the latest presidential election (Nov 9, 2016) and obtain their tweets. We classify these users into Democrat-leaning or Republican-leaning based on their retweet activity, using methods from our previous research. These methods essentially use the assumption that Democrats and Republicans predominantly retweet other Democrats and Republicans, respectively.
Subsequently, we identify content that is predominantly associated with either side - posted by prominent partisan accounts like @hillaryclinton and @berniesanders for Democrats or @realdonaltrump and @foxnews for Republicans; or posted mainly by accounts from one side.
Finally, we generate article recommendations for each user according to the following criteria:
Eventually, for each user who participates in the discussion on the topic on twitter, we generate a list of news article recommendations that are both close to their interests, but with a contrarian viewpoint.
More details about how the recommendations are generated can be found in our tech report here.
The demo is built using the Sigma.js. The graph layout and basic javascript functionality is provided by the Gephi sigma.js plugin by the Oxford Internet Institute.
The source code of our demo can be found on Github.


Class ResolvedTarget
Represents a target that is rezolved statically at compile time via the ICompileContext, or dynamically (at 'resolve time') from the IContainer that is attached to the current IResolveContext when Resolve(IResolveContext) is called.
This is the most common way that we bind constructor parameters, for example - i.e. 'I want an
IService
instance - go get it'.
Implements
Inherited Members
Namespace: Rezolver.Targets
Assembly: Rezolver.dll
Syntax
public class ResolvedTarget : TargetBase, ITarget
Remarks
Represents an object that will be resolved from the container when its ICompiledTarget is executed, or when the target is used perhaps by another ITarget (e.g. - a ConstructorTarget with a constructor parameter bound to one of these).
So, in essence, a ResolvedTarget represents an automatic call to a container's Resolve(IResolveContext) method, for the DeclaredType.
In practise - an ITargetCompiler might take advantage of the fact that, during compilation, targets can be discovered directly from the ICompileContext that is passed to CompileTarget(ITarget, ICompileContext) by leveraging its ITargetContainer implementation.
Indeed - the expressions compiler uses this to avoid repeated recursion into the Resolve method of the container, instead choosing to compile all the expressions for all targets required for an operation into one dynamically built method - which results in very fast execution times for all resolve operations.
Not only this, but the behaviour can be extended still further by realising that a Container on which a resolve operation is invoked might not be the same container for which this ResolvedTarget was first compiled. In this case - it's possible that the other container has alternative registrations for a given service type which the application expects to take precedence over those which were originally resolved when compilation took place. The expressions compiler, again, detects this - allowing compiled code from a root container to detect an 'overriding' container and to dynamically resolve a different dependency in this situation.
Constructors
| Improve this Doc View SourceResolvedTarget(Type, ITarget)
Creates a new ResolvedTarget for the given type
which will attempt to
resolve a value at compile time and/or resolve-time and, if it can't, will either use the fallbackTarget
or will throw an exception.
Declaration
public ResolvedTarget(Type type, ITarget fallbackTarget = null)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Type | type | Required. The type to be resolved |
| ITarget | fallbackTarget | Optional. The target to be used if the value cannot be resolved at either compile time or
resolve-time. An ArgumentException is thrown if this target's SupportsType(Type)
function returns |
Properties
| Improve this Doc View SourceDeclaredType
The type that is to be resolved from the container at resolve-time.
Declaration
public override Type DeclaredType { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Type |
Overrides
| Improve this Doc View SourceFallbackTarget
Gets the target that this ResolvedTarget will fallback to if a satisfactory target cannot be found at compile time or resolve-time.
Declaration
public ITarget FallbackTarget { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| ITarget |
Remarks
The UseFallback property is also used to determine whether this will be used. If the target resolved from the ICompileContext has its UseFallback property set to true, and this property is non-null for this target, then this target will be used.
Note also that extension containers such as OverridingContainer also have the ability to override the use of this fallback if they successfully resolve the type.
ScopeBehaviour
Always returns None
Declaration
public override ScopeBehaviour ScopeBehaviour { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| ScopeBehaviour | The scope behaviour. |
Overrides
Methods
| Improve this Doc View SourceBind(ICompileContext)
Attempts to obtain the target that this ResolvedTarget resolves to for the given ICompileContext.
This function should be used by ITargetCompiler implementations when producing the ICompiledTarget for this instance, who wish to perform some form of up-front optimisations.
Declaration
public virtual ITarget Bind(ICompileContext context)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ICompileContext | context | The context from which a target is to be resolved. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| ITarget | The target resolved by this target - could be the FallbackTarget, could be null. |
Remarks
The target that is returned depends both on the context
passed and also whether
a FallbackTarget has been provided to this target.


I will try and keep this as cut and dry as possible so you can see how fast you can hooked on a substance, even a diet pill. I am already a skinny guy so maybe that influenced my reaction.
The following took place over 6 weeks.
A friend of mine started taking Ephedrine to lose weight. Having read about Ephedrine being an Amphetamine-like substance, I tried a few of the pills just to see how it would make me feel.
It gave me a nice mellow euphoria and lots of energy, so I picked up a bottle of 60 pills and started taking it before I would hit the clubs. It would give me more energy and it gives a much stronger euphoria when mixed with alcohol.
I am an above full time college student so I usually do a LOT of homework on the weekends. I popped an Ephedrine one morning before writing a paper and I found it much easier to think and I completed the work much more quickly than normal.
I then started popping Ephedrine in the morning right before I headed to classes. I would then take another in the mid day and another later at night if I had a lot of homework.
So at this point I was on Ephedrine 24/7. I started taking in the mornings even when I didn't have class. When I drank I went from popping one Ephedrine to popping four.
I ran out of the first bottle of 60 pills the day I had to study for a test and I freaked out, racing to the store to buy more. I was terrified of even trying to study without it.
Then a few weeks ago I got the flu that has been going around. I didn't take an Ephedrine for 4 days while my body healed. Finally when I was feeling well I popped one, immediately I felt a sense of well being and that I was truly ready to start the day. At this point I was thinking I should probably stop, I put that off for about a week though.
Today I decided to go today without taking any, but trying to pay attention in class without it I felt something was missing, I really felt off. So I popped one. Something was different this time though; I felt a profound sense of dread, like any minute I was going to die. I also got slightly paranoid in class and was sharp with everyone, on the verge of being very rude.
I was so out of it I felt any minute I might have a heart attack, or just snap and go nuts. I have my fair share of experience with bad trips on hard drugs and this felt like the beginning anxiety of a bad trip.
Finally class was over and I went to the bathroom and threw the rest of the bottle in the trash.
In moderation Ephedrine might help you study, or party, but please keep it to a weekend thing. I don't think I will ever take this stuff again, it's not worth it and I think half of the feeling of being able to study better is psychological anyway. I will stick to plain old coffee for late night study sessions now.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Home
Comparison result details
The comparison result details grid shows the result of the comparison for a specific entity.
You can pick the result set to be displayed in the comparison result details grid from the Result Summary view.
Result conventions
The color of each line of the grid matches a specific type of result
- Green: represents a record that is present in both environments, with matching fields. During a deploy, there is nothing to do with such kind of records.
- Orange: represents a record that is present in ENV2 but not in ENV1. During a deploy, probably it should be removed.
- Azure: represents a record that is present in ENV1 but not in ENV2. During a deploy, probably it shoud be added to ENV2.
- Red: represents a record that is present in both environments, but has differences in one or more fields.
Grid columns
- Key: contains the comparison key for the record.
- Result: a string representation of the comparison result
- Columns: in case of a record that is present in both environment with different values, contains the list of columns containing "mismatching values", separated by pipe |.
- ENV1 values: in case of a record that is present in both environment with different values, contains the list of the "mismatching values" from ENV1, separated by pipe |.
- ENV2 values: in case of a record that is present in both environment with different values, contains the list of the "mismatching values" from ENV1, separated by pipe |.
Available actions on result records
Right-clicking on one or more rows of the comparison result details grid, a context menu shows the list of possible actions that can be applied to the selected records.
Actions are:
- Copy to ENV2: aligns both environments to the values of ENV1. Applicable only on Azure and Red rows.
- Copy to ENV1: aligns both environments to the values of ENV2. Applicable only on Orange and Red rows.
- Delete from ENV1: deletes the record from ENV1. Applicable only on Azure and Red rows.
- Delete from ENV2: deletes the record from ENV2. Applicable only on Orange and Red rows.
- Compare: opens the Record info panel that allows to easily compare each single mismatching attribute value. Applicable only if the user selected one single record.
You cannot apply more than one action for each record.
When an action has been defined for a specific record, the record background is set to Grey, and the action description is shown in the Actions panel.
When selecting more than one record, actions are available only if applicable for all the selected records.


Overview »
Read More »
Geo-coding is the process of mapping foreign aid projects to the location of their intended recipients. The Mapping for Results initiative used the UCDP/AidData coding methodology which assigns latitudes and longitudes to project locations, while also specifying the geographic precision and scope of the location (i.e. city, district, province, country). Small modifications were made to this methodology in order to meet the specifications of World Bank documentation and mapping needs. For more details see the Geocoding Manual.
The precision of each project depends on the quality of the publicly available project documentation. Sources vary in the precision that locations are reported; sometimes the exact location is named and in other instances the general area is reported. The system of georeferencing used by the World Bank copes with coordinates in four main levels, ranging from point locations, through two administrative divisions, to the country level.
Nine precision categories are connected to the coordinates in order for researchers to select subsets of the dataset that contain different levels of precision. When selecting a single project activity, a window will appear including a description of the precision of that location.
National and Budget support projects are not represented in the map, but are listed below in the dashboard.
Each of the following main sectors are included in the maps, each of them is sub classified in sub sectors:
The maps display the number of activities of a given World Bank project. For example a project in health may have different hospital locations; the project activities layer will show all these locations on the map.
Project locations listed in various documents including Integrated Safeguards Data Sheet (ISDS), Project Appraisal Document (PAD), Environmental Assessments (EA), as well as other project documents were included in the project. Although this information is publicly available the Mapping for Results platform makes this information easily accessible and increases transparency and accountability. In cases where little project documentation or location information is available, Task Team Leaders (TTL), the managers of these projects, were contacted to request additional location information.
After documents such as the ISDS, PAD, EA are reviewed and locations were geo referenced, M4R communicated with Transaction Team Leaders in select countries in order to request for validation of M4R findings. TTLs review M4R findings and either confirm, delete or add project locations to the ones identified.
Based on TTL input Mapping for results updates the locations to produce the final georeferenced locations for a project that will be included in the map.
Not all data has been validated by TTLs, may be updated, and be subject to change.


A FRIEND OF THE DECEASED
A Film Review by James Berardinelli
RATING: *** OUT OF ****
Ukraine/France, 1997 U.S. Release Date: beginning May 1, 1998 (limited) Running Length: 1:40 MPAA Classification: R (Violence, profanity, mature themes) Theatrical Aspect Ratio: 1.85:1
Cast: Alexandre Lazarev, Tatiana Krivitska, Eugen Pachin, Constantin Kostychin, Elena Korikova, Angelika Nevolina, Sergiy Romanyuk Director: Vyacheslav Krishtofovich Producers: Mykola Machenko, Pierre Rival Screenplay: Andrei Kourkov Cinematography: Vilen Kaluta Music: Vladimir Gronski U.S. Distributor: Sony Pictures Classics In Russian with subtitles
Ukrainian film maker Vyacheslav Krishtofovich has used his latest film, A FRIEND OF THE DECEASED (which was one of the five Best Foreign Film nominees for the1998 Oscars), to take a darkly comic look at the current economic and social climate in the former Soviet Union. Krishtofovich is on record as saying that the "human warmth" evident during the height of socialism has been replaced by solitude and self- interest in the new era of freedom. As he says in a prepared Director's Statement: "In Ukrainian, the word 'love' and the word 'pity' are sometimes considered synonyms. That is why I made this film about people whom I pity. And whom I love."
Today in the Ukraine, it's possible to buy and sell almost anything – drugs, sex, booze, and murder. The Black Market is booming, and Kiev's sidestreets are teeming with drug dealers, prostitutes, and contract killers. In this new environment, someone like Anatoli (Alexandre Lazarev), a reserved intellectual who was trained to be a translator in English and French, finds himself without work or self- respect. His wife, a successful advertising executive, is about to leave him for another man, and there's nothing he can do about it. One day, he casually mentions his problems to a friend, Dima (Eugen Pachin), who suggests putting out a hit on his wife's lover. With surprising rapidity, Dima puts Anatoli in contact with Kostia (Constantin Kostychin), who accepts the job over the phone, without meeting his client face-to-face. But, instead of providing Kostia with his wife's lover's description, Anatoli gives the killer a picture of himself, figuring that arranging his own murder offers a quick and painless way out of a dreary life. But, when a tryst with a prostitute (Tatiana Krivitska) re-invigorates Anatoli and causes him to change his mind, it's too late to call off the hit. So, to save his life, Anatoli must hire another contract killer to eliminate the first one.
With a script (by Andrei Kourkov) that combines dark comedy, drama, and suspense, A FRIEND OF THE DECEASED proves to be a fascinating and engaging look at a country in turmoil. The way the story develops, with a number of inventive twists overlaying a typically "Russian" sense of tragedy, conjures up images of the work of Fyodor Dostoevsky as filtered through O. Henry. The screenplay drips with irony as Anatoli, who is an astute-but-ineffectual man, learns to use the mechanics of Ukrainian capitalism to rebuild the life that it was instrumental in destroying.
While most of the film wades through dramatic currents, with occasional swells of satire and grim humor, one extended sequence recalls the suspense of a Hitchcock feature. It occurs when Anatoli is playing the bait in a trap devised by the second killer to catch the first. The problem is that Anatoli has never seen Kostia, and has only a sketchy description of what he looks like. As a result, the possibility exists that Anatoli could accidentally mark an innocent man for death. For about fifteen minutes, Krishtofovich continually ratchets up the tension as Anatoli tries to flush out Kostia before he fulfills his contract.
The only real problem with A FRIEND OF THE DECEASED is that there are occasions when things seem a little overplotted. From time-to-time, the seams of the script show, and we're aware that a character is acting in a certain way because that's what the plot demands. In particular, Anatoli's inability to call off the first contract killer seems like a contrivance. After all, how hard does he really try?
A FRIEND OF THE DECEASED's primary asset is that it offers an insider's perspective of the labyrinthine workings of contemporary Kiev, and how the transition from the old ways to the new ones have overturned the values and shifted the balance of a society. (At one point, a character remarks, "Before we had friendships. Now we have business relationships.") It's a plus that the movie is well-acted, gripping, and populated with enough bizarre twists to keep even a casual viewer involved. Although not a masterpiece, A FRIEND OF THE DECEASED is a strong and worthwhile effort from an acclaimed Ukrainian director.
Copyright 1998 James Berardinelli
- James Berardinelli e-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Now with more than 1400 reviews... The ReelViews web site: http://movie-reviews.colossus.net/
"My belief is that no movie, nothing in life, leaves people neutral.
-- David Puttnam
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{% extends 'template-lab-1b.html' %} {% set mainClasses = 'nhsuk-u-padding-top-0' %} {% block pageTitle %} Symptoms - NHS {% endblock %} {% block beforeContent %}
Back pain is very common and usually improves within a few weeks or months.
Pain in the lower back (lumbago) is particularly common, although it can be felt anywhere along the spine, from the neck down to the hips.
In most cases the pain is not caused by anything serious and will usually get better over time.
There are things you can do to help relieve it. But sometimes the pain can last a long time or keep coming back.
The following tips may help reduce your back pain and speed up your recovery:
Although it can be difficult, it helps if you stay optimistic and recognise that your pain should get better. People who manage to stay positive despite their pain tend to recover quicker.
Back pain usually gets better on its own within a few weeks or months and you may not need to see a doctor or other healthcare professional.
But it's a good idea to get help if:
If you see a GP they will ask about your symptoms, examine your back and discuss possible treatments.
They may refer you to a specialist doctor or a physiotherapist for further help.
Alternatively, you may want to consider contacting a physiotherapist directly. Some NHS physiotherapists accept appointments without a doctor's referral, or you could choose to pay for private treatment.
Read more about how to get access to physiotherapy.
It's often not possible to identify the cause of back pain. Doctors call this non-specific back pain.
Sometimes the pain may be from an injury such as a sprain or strain, but often it happens for no apparent reason. It's very rarely caused by anything serious.
Occasionally back pain can be caused by a medical condition such as:
These conditions tend to cause additional symptoms, such as numbness, weakness or a tingling sensation, and they're treated differently from non-specific back pain.
It's difficult to prevent back pain, but the following tips may help reduce your risk:
You should contact a GP or NHS 111 immediately if you have back pain and:
These problems could be a sign of something more serious and need to be checked urgently.
Page last reviewed: 02 August 2019
Next review due: 02 August 2022


- Some test data should populate below. There is no external source of data, an item is inserted into a collection within the View.initialize(). This was added to make sure all the model/collection/view and templating is working.
- Everything has a generic name to keep it as flexible as possible.


Christensen KI, Zarrei M, Kuzmina M, Talent N, Lin C, Dickinson TA (2014) Crataegus ×ninae-celottiae and C. ×cogswellii (Rosaceae, Maleae), two spontaneously formed intersectional nothospecies. PhytoKeys 36: 1–26. doi:
Crataegus monogyna Jacq. is naturalized in North America, where it has hybridized with native diploid hawthorns at least twice. We provide names for the two nothospecies (as well as for the corresponding nothosections and nothoseries), referring to existing documentation in the literature for nothosp. nov. Crataegus × ninae-celottiae K.I. Chr. & T.A. Dickinson ( C. monogyna × C. punctata Jacq.). New data are provided to further document nothosp. nov. Crataegus × cogswellii K.I. Chr. & T.A. Dickinson ( C. monogyna × C. suksdorfii (Sarg.) Kruschke). In both cases, the striking differences in leaf shape between most New World hawthorns and Old World section Crataegus, and the intermediacy of the hybrids, account for the relative ease with which these hybrids can be recognized. Finally, new sequence data from ITS2 and chloroplast DNA barcoding loci confirm the genetic relationships between the two nothospecies and their respective parents.
Sampling. Because the occurrence of
Sites in Canada and the United States at which collections of native and naturalized
diploid (unless indicated otherwise)
| State/Province | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Site | Location | Taxon | Individuals | |
| British Columbia | ||||
| BC16 | Central Kootenay R.D., Robson, Broadwater Road, Broadwater Road S side |
Crataegus monogyna
|
2008-26 | |
| BC | Central Kootenay R.D., Winlaw, next to Winlaw general store (10 miles S of Slocan) on bank of small creek (tributary of Slocan River). |
Crataegus suksdorfii
Probably polyploid
|
RML9313 | |
| California | ||||
| CA11 | Humboldt Co., Hwy 36, 6.8 air km W of Bridgeville |
Crataegus monogyna
|
JC001 | |
| CAR4 | Trinity Co., T37N R7W S17 |
Crataegus suksdorfii
Polyploid?
|
CAR042 | |
| CAR5 | Siskiyou Co., flood plain of the Scott R., N side of Fay Lane, between jct. Hwy 3 and bridge |
Crataegus suksdorfii
|
2006-16, 2006-18, 2006-19, 2006-22, CAR044 | |
| CAR7 | Siskiyou Co., T26N R11W S17 |
Crataegus suksdorfii
Polyploid?
|
CAR048 | |
| CRRR01 | Sonoma Co., Ragle Ranch, W of Sebastopol |
Crataegus monogyna
|
JC003 | |
| Idaho | ||||
| ID10 | Benewah Co., T44N R1W S8, Soldier Creek, W side of Hwy 3 just N of RR crossing and St. Mary’s R. |
Crataegus suksdorfii
Probably polyploid
|
D1608 | |
| Montana | ||||
| MT1 | Powell Co., Dry Creek, N side, edge of meadow and gallery forest | 4×
Crataegus suksdorfii
|
D1614, D1619 | |
| Ontario | ||||
| NTON23 | City of Toronto, Centennial Park, Etobicoke |
Crataegus punctata
|
MP71 | |
|
Crataegus ×ninae-celottiae
|
MP24, MP73 | |||
| ON21 | Bruce Co., Eastnor Twp., Barrow Bay, E side Hwy 9 at S.R. 15 |
Crataegus punctata
|
Dickinson & Nguyen BB4 | |
| ON31 | Middlesex Co., Ilderton, SE corner Denfield Side Road and Ilderton Road (Hwy 16) |
Crataegus punctata
|
EH52, MP56, MP61, 2003-79 | |
| ON40 | City of Toronto, Ashbridges Bay Park |
Crataegus punctata
|
MP35 | |
| ON45 | Durham R.M., Bowmanville, floodplain of Bowmanville Creek |
Crataegus monogyna
|
MP82, MP83, MP98 | |
|
Crataegus ×ninae-celottiae
|
2002-13, MP84, MP85, MP86 | |||
|
Crataegus punctata
|
MP81 | |||
| ON46 | Perth Co., E side Thames R. North Branch 2 km S of Motherwell |
Crataegus punctata
|
2008-72A | |
| Oregon | ||||
| OR1 | Linn Co., Willamette Valley, Cogswell-Foster Preserve |
Crataegus monogyna
(diploid)
|
EL74, EL78, EL80, EL83, OR1-5, OR1-8, OR1-9, OR1-10, OR1-11, OR1-12, OR1-16 | |
| Triploid
Crataegus monogyna
|
RML C-2003-25 | |||
|
Crataegus ×cogswellii
|
99FW7-1, 99FW7-2, 99FW7-3, 99FW7-6, 99FW7-7, 99FW7-8, 99FW7-9, 2009-36, EL68, EL71, EL73, EL76, EL77, EL79, EL81, EL82, EL84, EL85, OR1-2, OR1-3, OR1-4, OR1-6, OR1-7, OR1-13, OR1-14, OR1-15, OR1-17, OR1-18, OR1-19, OR1-20, RML8718 | |||
|
Crataegus suksdorfii
|
EL68, EL69, EL72, EL75, OR1-1, RML8709 | |||
| OR | Lane Co, City of Eugene |
Crataegus ×cogswellii
|
RML C-2003-12, RML C-2003-13, RML9304 | |
| OR4 | Douglas Co., Upper Elk Meadow, 28 miles SSE Cottage Grove |
Crataegus suksdorfii
Probably polyploid
|
RML8758, RML8767, RML8768 | |
| OR11 | Columbia Co., Sauvie Island, Willow Park Island, Willow Bar Islands beach, just N of Columbia-Multnomah county line, on bank of Columbia River |
Crataegus monogyna
|
EL108 | |
|
Crataegus ×cogswellii
|
Z18482 | |||
|
Crataegus suksdorfii
|
JC117, JC118, JC119 | |||
| OR18 | Jackson Co., Rogue River, Old Stage Rd. 80 m NE of Rogue River Hwy/99 |
Crataegus suksdorfii
|
JC039 | |
| OR22 | Linn Co., Corvallis, KOA Campground, 440 m from hwy 34 on Oakville Rd. SW. specimen 150 m SE of camp entrance |
Crataegus suksdorfii
|
JC060 | |
| OR35 | Skamania Co., Cascade Locks, 110 m N of Cascade Locks Rd., on N side of Forest Ln. |
Crataegus suksdorfii
|
JC092 | |
| OR37 | Multnomah Co., Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area, 1.5 km NE of Troutdale |
Crataegus suksdorfii
|
JC098, JC102 | |
| OR38 | Columbia Co., Diblee Pt., Site 350 m N of Dike Rd., 1.8 km WNW of Lewis and Clark Bridge |
Crataegus suksdorfii
|
JC136 | |
| Washington | ||||
| WA | Clark Co. S of mouth of Lewis River, ca. 1.5 air miles NNW of Ridgefield |
Crataegus suksdorfii
|
Z18485 | |
| WA8 | Skamania Co., Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Zig Zag Lake, 9 mi NW of Wind R. |
Crataegus suksdorfii
Probably polyploid
|
Brooks s.n. | |
| WA10 | Skamania Co., Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Upper Goose Creek Meadow |
Crataegus suksdorfii
Probably polyploid
|
RML8909 |
Results of Neighbor-joining clustering of sequence data for chloroplast DNA barcode
loci. GenBank accession numbers indicate cluster affiliation (Cluster 1 or 2) for
| Taxon / site / BOLD / tree / TRT | Cluster 1 – sections
Coccineae
and
Douglasia
|
Cluster 2 – section
Crataegus
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rbcL-a | trnH-psbA | rbcL-a | trnH-psbA | |
|
Crataegus punctata
|
||||
| NTON23 TRT103 MP71 TRT00002237 |
KC251377
|
KC251652
|
||
| ON31 TRT096 MP61 TRT00002228 |
KC251375
|
KC251650
|
||
| ON31 TRT105 MP56 TRT00002223 |
KC251372
|
KC251647
|
||
| ON40 TRT101 MP35 TRT00002203 |
KC251374
|
KC251649
|
||
| ON45 TRT104 MP81 TRT000047 |
KC251378
|
KC251653
|
||
| ON46 TRT210 2008-72A TRT00000908 |
KC251373
|
KC251648
|
||
|
Crataegus ×ninae-celottiae
|
||||
| NTON23 TRT106 MP24 TRT00002199 |
KC251376
|
KC251651
|
||
| NTON23 TRT203 MP73 TRT00002239 |
KC251350
|
KC251624
|
||
| ON45 TRT201 MP85 TRT00002250 |
KC251348
|
KC251622
|
||
| ON45 TRT202 MP86 TRT00002251 |
KC251351
|
KC251625
|
||
| ON45 TRT204 MP84 TRT00002249 |
KC251349
|
KC251623
|
||
|
Crataegus monogyna
|
||||
| BC16 TRT209 2008-26 TRT00002452 |
KC251343
|
KC251617
|
||
| CA11 TRT274 JC001 TRT00020101 |
KC251338
|
KC251612
|
||
| CRRR01 TRT275 JC003 TRT00020102 |
KC251341
|
KC251615
|
||
| ON31 TRT109 2003-79 TRT00000395 |
KC251340
|
KC251614
|
||
| ON45 TRT108 MP82 |
KC251342
|
KC251616
|
||
| ON45 TRT190 MP83 TRT00002248 |
KC251339
|
KC251613
|
||
| ON45 TRT211 MP98 TRT00029476 |
KC251336
|
KC251610
|
||
| OR1 TRT005 EL80 TRT00000413 |
KC251347
|
KC251621
|
||
| OR1 TRT006 EL83 TRT00000415 |
KC251346
|
KC251620
|
||
| OR1 TRT007 EL74 TRT00000416 |
KC251344
|
KC251618
|
||
| OR TRT030 RML C-2003-25 TRT00000420 |
KC251337
|
KC251611
|
||
| OR11 TRT143 EL108 TRT00000417 |
KC251345
|
KC251619
|
||
|
Crataegus ×cogswellii
|
||||
| OR1 TRT206 EL71 TRT00002650 |
KC251627
|
|||
| OR1 TRT207 EL85 TRT00002654 |
KC251626
|
|||
| OR1 TRT208 EL79 TRT00002657 |
KC251352
|
|||
|
Crataegus suksdorfii
|
||||
| CAR5 TRT129 2006-19 TRT00001569 |
KC251419
|
KC251692
|
||
| CAR5 TRT133 2006-22 TRT00001563 |
KC251418
|
KC251691
|
||
| CAR5 TRT140 2006-16 TRT00001567 |
KC251417
|
KC251690
|
||
| CAR5 TRT141 2006-18 TRT00001568 |
KC251416
|
KC251689
|
||
| OR1 TRT205 EL68 TRT00001724 |
KC251424
|
KC251699
|
||
| WA TRT146 Z18485 TRT00001805 |
KC251415
|
KC251688
|
Voucher specimens for cloned ITS2 data, listing site number ( Table 1 ), collection number, ROM Green Plant Herbarium (TRT) accession numbers, and the GenBank accession numbers for individual clones.
| Taxa | Voucher | GenBank accession number |
|---|---|---|
|
Crataegus suksdorfii
|
OR18 Coughlan, Zarrei, and Shaw JC039 (TRT00020137) |
KC173887 ,
KC173888 ,
KC173889 ,
KC173890 ,
KC173891 ,
KC173892 ,
KC173893
|
| OR22 Coughlan, Zarrei, and Shaw JC60 (TRT00020146) |
KC173587 ,
KC173588 ,
KC173589 ,
KC173590 ,
KC173591 ,
KC173592
|
|
| OR35 Coughlan, Zarrei, and Shaw JC092 (TRT00020153) |
KC173957 ,
KC173958 ,
KC173959 ,
KC173960 ,
KC173961 ,
KC173962 ,
KC173963 ,
KC173964
|
|
| OR37 Coughlan, Zarrei, and Shaw JC98 (TRT00020159) |
KC173595 ,
KC173596 ,
KC173597 ,
KC173598 ,
KC173599 ,
KC173600 ,
KC173601 ,
KC173602 ,
KC173603 ,
KC173604
|
|
| OR37 Coughlan, Zarrei, and Shaw JC102 (TRT00020163) |
KC174113 ,
KC174114 ,
KC174115 ,
KC174116 ,
KC174117
|
|
| OR11 Coughlan, Zarrei, and Shaw JC117 (TRT00020172) |
KC174118 ,
KC174119
|
|
| OR11 Coughlan, Zarrei, and Shaw JC118 (TRT00020232) |
KC174178 ,
KC174179 ,
KC174180 ,
KC174181 ,
KC174182 ,
KC174183
|
|
| OR11 Coughlan, Zarrei, and Shaw JC119 (TRT00020234) |
KC174144 ,
KC174145 ,
KC174146 ,
KC174147 ,
KC174148 ,
KC174149 ,
KC174150
|
|
| OR38 Coughlan, Zarrei, and Shaw JC136 (TRT00020242) |
KC173605 ,
KC173606 ,
KC173607 ,
KC173608 ,
KC173609
|
|
| CAR5 Dickinson and Lo 2006-16 (TRT00001567) |
KC173531 ,
KC173532 ,
KC173533 ,
KC173534 ,
KC173535 ,
KC173536 ,
KC173537 ,
KC173538
|
|
| CAR5 Lo and Dickinson 2006-22 (TRT00001563) |
KC173522 ,
KC173523 ,
KC173524 ,
KC173525 ,
KC173526 ,
KC173527 ,
KC173528 ,
KC173529 ,
KC173530
|
|
| OR1 Lo, Dickinson, and Nguyen EL-68 (TRT00001724) |
KC173577 ,
KC173578 ,
KC173579 ,
KC173580 ,
KC173581 ,
KC173582 ,
KC173583 ,
KC173584 ,
KC173585 ,
KC173586
|
|
| WA Zika 18485 (=18430, 18417; TRT00001805) |
KC173513 ,
KC173514 ,
KC173515 ,
KC173516 ,
KC173517 ,
KC173518 ,
KC173519 ,
KC173520 ,
KC173521
|
|
|
Crataegus ×cogswellii
|
OR1 Lo, Dickinson, and Nguyen EL-71 (TRT00002650) |
KC173663 ,
KC173664 ,
KC173665 ,
KC173666 ,
KC173667 ,
KC173668
|
| OR1 Lo, Dickinson, and Nguyen EL-79 (TRT00002657) |
KC173682 ,
KC173683 ,
KC173684 ,
KC173685 ,
KC173686 ,
KC173687
|
|
| OR1 Lo, Dickinson, and Nguyen EL-85 (TRT00002654) |
KC173669 ,
KC173670 ,
KC173671 ,
KC173672 ,
KC173673 ,
KC173674 ,
KC173675 ,
KC173676 ,
KC173677 ,
KC173678 ,
KC173679 ,
KC173680 ,
KC173681
|
|
|
Crataegus monogyna
|
OR1 Lo, Dickinson, and Nguyen EL-74 (TRT00000416) |
KC173650 ,
KC173651 ,
KC173652 ,
KC173653 ,
KC173654
|
| BC16 Dickinson, Lee, and Talent 2008-26 (TRT00002452) |
KC173655 ,
KC173656 ,
KC173657 ,
KC173658 ,
KC173659 ,
KC173660 ,
KC173661 ,
KC173662
|
|
| ON45 Purich MP98 (TRT00029476) |
KC173643 ,
KC173644 ,
KC173645 ,
KC173646 ,
KC173647 ,
KC173648 ,
KC173649
|
|
|
Crataegus ×ninae-celottiae
|
ON45 Purich and Talent MP84 (TRT00002249) |
KC174184 ,
KC174185 ,
KC174186 ,
KC174187 ,
KC174188 ,
KC174189
|
| ON45 Purich and Talent MP85 (TRT00002250) |
KC174190 ,
KC174191 ,
KC174192 ,
KC174193 ,
KC174194 ,
KC174195
|
|
| ON45 Purich and Talent MP86 (TRT00002251) |
KC173688 ,
KC173689 ,
KC173690 ,
KC173691 ,
KC173692 ,
KC173693
|
|
|
Crataegus punctata
|
ON21 Dickinson and Nguyen BB4 (TRT) |
KC174266 ,
KC174267 ,
KC174268 ,
KC174269 ,
KC174270 ,
KC174271
|
| ON31 Purich s.n (TRT) |
KC174272 ,
KC174273 ,
KC174274 ,
KC174275
|
|
| NTON23 Purich, Talent, Nguyen, and Lo MP73 (TRT00002239) |
KC173694 ,
KC173695 ,
KC173696 ,
KC173697 ,
KC173698 ,
KC173699 ,
KC173700 ,
KC173701
|
Note that we distinguish the taxon referred to here as
In order to increase our sample for molecular studies we have supplemented field collections
of leaf tissue and herbarium vouchers with tissue removed from existing specimens
in the ROM Green Plant Herbarium. Historical records of the distribution of
Morphology. For this study we concentrated on capturing and analyzing leaf shape data, as described
elsewhere (
Dickinson et al. 2008
). Many previous studies of hybridization involving
Leaf outline data were collected from two overlapping samples: (1) short shoot leaf
spectra (
Dickinson and Phipps 1984
) collected from a random sample of individuals at the Cogswell-Foster Preserve (comprising
one
For each leaf outline we also obtained the area (
A) and perimeter (
P), so as to calculate the inverse of the dissection index described by
Kincaid and Schneider (1978)
, i.e.
inv(D.I.) = 2(
Aπ)
1/2/
P, a parameter that has an upper bound of one for a perfect circle regardless of size,
and approaches zero as the length of the perimeter increases with increased lobing
of the outline (
Dickinson 2003
;
Dorken and Barrett 2004
). In addition to outline data we made linear measurements with which to index overall
leaf shape:
X, leaf blade length above the widest point;
Y, leaf width; and
Z, leaf blade length below the widest point (
Marshall 1978
). On some of the flowering specimens in our sample we collected additional data on
stamen number, style length and style number (in fruiting specimens, equivalently,
pyrene number), and stigma width, in order to compare these with data collected by
others from the introduced species and
Molecular methods. Four DNA barcodes (
rbcL,
matK,
trnH-
psbA, and ITS2;
CBOL Plant Working Group 2009
;
Chase et al. 2007
;
Hollingsworth et al. 2011
) were generated directly from genomic DNA for a worldwide sample of
We also analyzed data from another project (Zarrei et al.
Flow cytometry. Flow-cytometric methods for quantifying nuclear DNA in embryo and endosperm followed Talent and Dickinson (2007a) . Embryo DNA amounts of 1.48–1.70 pg were taken to indicate diploids, and an endosperm to embryo ratio of approximately 1.5 was taken to indicate sexual reproduction with meiosis.
Morphology. Despite differences in sample size, the Pacific Northwest hybrid,
Principal components analysis biplot for five morphometric descriptors averaged for
each of 41
A Principal components analysis of 39 Fourier amplitudes for 86 subterminal short shoot
leaves from 20
A Neighbor-joining tree calculated by BOLD for ITS2 DNA barcode sequences amplified directly from genomic DNA (labels include corresponding collector and GenBank number; see
Geographic distribution of
DNA barcode loci. Analyses of both the directly sequenced and the cloned ITS2 ribotypes demonstrate
the parentage of both putative hybrids (
Fig. 3;
Table 3
); no signs of recombination were detected in the cloned ITS2 dataset. ITS2 sequences
from the hybrids resemble either
Flow-cytometric results from seeds of the two described
| Taxon / TRT accession / site / collection | Total number seeds | Mean embryo DNA | Mean endosperm:embryo ratio (number of seeds) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Crataegus ×ninae-celottiae
|
|||
| ON45 2002-13 (TRT00000406) | 2 | 1.58 pg | 1.56 (2) |
| ON31 EH52 (TRT00002256) | 1 | 1.67 pg | 1.53 (1) |
|
Crataegus ×cogswellii
|
|||
| OR1 EL-79 (TRT00002657) | 3 | 2.08 pg | 1.58 (1) |
| OR1 2009-36 (TRT00002568) | 1 | 1.87 pg | 1.60 (1) |
Only two of the three chloroplast genome barcode loci showed sufficient variation
for individuals from
These results corroborate earlier observations based on seed-set in artificial crosses
between the parent species (
Love and Feigen 1978
;
Wells and Phipps 1989
). In reciprocal pollinations seed set was greatest (32–34%) when
Our use of data from DNA barcoding is not a test of the value of DNA barcoding in
Hybridization. Since its introduction to North America during the late 18
th and the 19
th centuries (
Kirk 1819
;
Provancher 1863
;
Douglas 1914
), first on the east coast and then on the west,
Geographic distribution of
Flow cytometry of seeds from both hybrids was consistent with diploid embryos and
triploid endosperm, except that the embryos from
In her examination of hybridization between
Holotype of
Ramunculi pubescenti vel glabri. Folia distalia ramorum fertilium non profunde quinque-undecim-partita, 30–55 mm longa, 16–38 mm lata, nervi supra profunde impressi; stipulae caducae, 3–4 mm longae, plusminusve denticulatae. Inflorescentiae 5–17-florae, laxae, pubescentae; bracteae caducae, plusminusve denticulatae. Sepala integra, rarius sparsim glandulosa, post anthesin reflexa. Fructus 9–12 mm longus, 12–14 mm latus, ruber vel aurantiacus; pulpa lutea, mitis et succida; pyrenae 2–3, ventraliter sulcatae vel foveatae .
Remarks. Shrub or tree up to ca. 6 m tall. Twigs of the current year densely to sparsely hairy or glabrous, hairs appressed to patent, straight or slightly curly; twigs of the previous year pale grey or ash-grey; aphyllous thorns 0.5–2 cm long, stout, straight; spine-tipped, leaf- and dwarf-shoot-bearing branchlets lacking. Leaf blades ovate, obovate or elliptical, acute at apex, attenuate, cuneate or rounded at base, shallowly or deeply and regularly lobed, lobes with an acute apex, basal pair of veins convergent, straight or slightly divergent, intercalary veins running to the sinuses partly present, upper surface with ± deeply impressed veins at maturity, dull or lustrous bright or dark green, sparsely hairy and often becoming glabrous except along the veins, hairs appressed or semi-patent; lower surface dull, pale green, sparsely hairy throughout or only along the major veins and in the vein axils, hairs appressed or semi-patent; margin regularly crenate-serrate or serrate, teeth minutely glandular, glands less than 0.1 mm; petiole eglandular, narrowly winged in upper part. Subterminal leaf blade of flowering shoots 30–55 mm long, 16–38 mm wide, shallowly and regularly lobed, lobes 2–5 pairs, basal pair extending 0.2–0.4 times the width of lamina to midrib, each lobe with 6–11 teeth, basal pair of sinuses in apical 1/4 to basal 1/3 of lamina; petiole 6–20 mm long; stipules caducous, membranous or herbaceous, 4–8 mm long, irregularly or regularly glandular-denticulate, with 20–30 teeth. Leaf blades of elongate shoots 35–45 mm long, 25–35 mm wide, shallowly or deeply and regularly lobed, lobes 3–5 pairs, basal pair extending 0.2–0.6 times the width of lamina to midrib, each lobe with 4–11 teeth, basal pair of sinuses in basal 1/2–1/3 of lamina; petiole 8–12 mm; stipules caducous, herbaceous, ca. 6 mm long, regularly glandular denticulate-serrate, with ca. 15 teeth. Inflorescence 3–4 cm long, lax, corymbose, 5–17-flowered, densely to sparsely hairy, hairs appressed, semi-patent or patent, straight or slightly curly; pedicels 3–18 mm, densely to sparsely hairy, hairs appressed, semi-patent or patent, straight or slightly curly; bracts caducous, membranous or herbaceous, 3–4 mm long, 0.2–0.4 mm wide, linear-lanceolate, 10–15 times as long as wide, irregularly glandular-denticulate, with 5–7 teeth. Hypanthium 3–4 mm long, densely to sparsely hairy, hairs appressed, semi-patent or patent, straight or slightly curly; sepals 2–4 mm long, 1.5–2 mm wide, triangular-lanceolate or triangular, 1–2.7 times as long as wide, entire or rarely irregularly and minutely glandular-serrate, teeth 0–2, apex acute or obtuse; petals 6–7 mm long and wide; stamens 18–20, anthers 1–1.2 mm long, pink or purple; styles 2–3; hypostyle pilose. Fruit 9–12 mm long, 8–12 mm in diameter, 1.0–1.1 times as long as wide, globose, broadly ellipsoidal or obovoid, ± lustrous, red or orange, punctate with small, pale brown lenticels, up to ca. 0.2 mm in diameter, sparsely hairy, crowned by the persistent, reflexed sepals; calyx tube indistinct, ca. 0.5 mm long, 3–4 mm wide; flesh yellowish, hard and mealy; pyrenes 2–3, ventro-laterally smooth; hypostyle pilose.
Phenology. Flowering in May–June. Fruiting in August–September.
Reproductive biology. Sexual. 2 n = 2 x (2 n = 34? Muniyamma and Phipps 1979 ; Talent and Dickinson 2005 ); diploid embryos and triploid endosperm.
Distribution. Eastern Canada. Ontario ( Fig. 4).
Etymology.
Similar taxa.
Specimens examined, paratypes (in bold, specimens in Tables 2 – 4 ). CANADA, Ontario: Peel Co., City of Mississauga, Don Gould Park and E side of Erin Mills Parkway (ON22), 1989-06-02, Dickinson D1480 (TRT00000408!); 1989-06-02, Dickinson D1482 (TRT00000407!); 1989-05-31, Dickinson D1485 (TRT00000409!); 2000-05-19, Talent NT-03 (TRT00002306!); 2011-05-28, Christensen & Dickinson s.n. (TRT00024869!). Middlesex Co., Denfield Twp., SE corner Denfield Side Road and Ilderton Road (ON31), 2001-05-17, Harris & Dickinson EH-52 (TRT00002256!); 2001-05-17, Harris & Dickinson EH-54 (TRT00002257!); 2002-07-30, Talent & Dickinson EH52 (TRT00000405!). Durham R.M., Bowmanville, floodplain of Bowmanville Creek (ON45), 2002-09-30, Dickinson & Nguyen 2002-13 (TRT00000406!), 2004-06-03, Purich 85 (TRT00002250!), 2004-06-03, Purich 86 (TRT00002251!).
Holotype of
Ramunculi glabri vel rarius sparsim villoso-lanati. Folia distalia ramorum fertilium quinque-novem-partita, rarius integra, 25–70 mm longa, 15–50 mm lata; stipulae caducae, 4–8 mm longae, plusminusve denticulatae. Inflorescentiae 4–25-florae, laxae, glabrae vel rarius villoso-lanatae; bracteae caducae, plusminusve denticulatae. Sepala integra vel rarius sparsim glandulosa, post anthesin reflexa. Fructus 9–12 mm longus, 12–14 mm latus, lampro-atro-purpureus vel anthracinus; pulpa lutea, mitis et succida; pyrenae 2–5, ventraliter sulcatae vel foveatae .
Remarks. Shrub or tree up to ca. 12 m tall. Twigs of the current year glabrous, rarely sparsely villous-lanate; twigs of the previous year dark reddish-brown or pale- or dark-grey; aphyllous thorns 0.5–2 cm long, stout, straight or slightly recurved; spine-tipped, leaf- and dwarf-shoot-bearing branchlets lacking, rarely present. Leaf blades broadly or narrowly obovate, ovate, rhombic-ovate or elliptical, acute at apex, attenuate, cuneate or rounded at base, deeply or shallowly and regularly lobed, rarely some leaves unlobed, lobes with an acute or obtuse apex, basal pair of veins divergent or straight, intercalary veins running to the sinuses usually present; upper surface dull, dark green, sparsely hairy especially along the veins, hairs appressed or semi-patent; lower surface dull, pale green, villous in the vein axils and occasionally along the major veins; margin regularly and ± coarsely or finely crenate-serrate or serrate, teeth eglandular or minutely glandular, glands less than 0.1 mm; petiole eglandular or rarely sparsely glandular, narrowly winged in upper part. Subterminal leaf blade of flowering shoots 25–70 mm long, 15–50 mm wide, deeply or shallowly and regularly lobed, rarely unlobed, lobes (0–)2–4 pairs, basal pair extending 0.2–0.8 times the width of lamina to midrib, each lobe with 5–18 teeth, basal pair of sinuses in apical 1/3 to basal 1/3 of lamina; petiole 5–15 mm long; stipules persistent or caducous, herbaceous, 5–12 mm long, irregularly or regularly glandular denticulate-serrate or serrate, with 4–30 teeth. Leaf blades of elongate shoots 40–90 mm long, 30–50 mm wide, deeply or shallowly and regularly lobed, lobes 1–4 pairs, basal pair extending 0.4–0.9 times the width of lamina to midrib, each lobe with 7–20 teeth, basal pair of sinuses in basal 1/2–1/5 of lamina; petiole 10–20 mm; stipules persistent or caducous, herbaceous, 6–14 mm long, regularly glandular denticulate-serrate or serrate, with 15–30 teeth. Inflorescence 2.5–5 cm long, lax, corymbose, 4–25-flowered, glabrous, rarely sparsely villous-lanate; pedicels 4–11 mm, glabrous, rarely sparsely villous-lanate; bracts caducous or very rarely persistent, membranous or herbaceous, 3–10 mm long, 0.2–2.5 mm wide, linear-lanceolate, 4–10 times as long as wide, regularly glandular-serrate or ± irregularly glandular-denticulate, with 4–22 teeth. Hypanthium 2–3 mm long, glabrous or rarely sparsely villous-lanate; sepals 1–2.5 mm long, 1.5–2 mm wide, triangular, 0.5–1.7 times as long as wide, entire or very rarely irregularly and minutely glandular-serrate, teeth 0–2, apex acute or obtuse; petals 4–6 mm long and wide; stamens 18–20, occasionally vestigial, anthers 0.6–1 mm long, purple; styles 2–5; hypostyle pilose. Fruit 6–9 mm long, 6–8 mm in diameter, 1–1.2 times as long as wide, globose-subglobose or broadly ellipsoidal, epruinose, ± lustrous, blackish purple or black, glabrous-subglabrous, crowned by the persistent, reflexed sepals; calyx tube indistinct, 0.4–1 mm long, 3.5–4.5 mm wide; flesh yellowish, soft and juicy; pyrenes 2–5, irregularly ventro-laterally pitted; hypostyle pilose.
Phenology. Flowering in April–May. Fruiting in September. Some individuals strongly parthenocarpic.
Reproductive biology. Sexual. 2 n = 2 x [≈ 34] ( Talent and Dickinson 2005 ); diploid embryos and triploid endosperm. Chromosome number: 2 n = 2 x = 34, estimated from flow cytometry data ( Table 4 ); chromosome counts have not been made.
Distribution. Northwestern U.S.A.; western Oregon ( Figure 5); potentially present in adjacent northwestern California and southwestern Washington where the parent species are sympatric.
Etymology.
Similar taxa.
Specimens examined, paratypes (in bold, specimens in Tables 2 – 4 ). U.S.A., Oregon: Columbia Co., Sauvie Island (OR11), 2003-06-14, Zika 18482 (TRT00002651!); 2005-08-31, Lo & Dickinson 103.2 (TRT00001918!), Lo 105.2 (TRT00001917!); Lane Co. Eugene, 1993-05-07, Love 9304 (TRT00002644!), 2003-05-13, Love C2003-12 (TRT00002646!), C2003-13 (TRT00002647!); 2003-06-01, Zika 19571 (TRT00001890!); Linn Co., Cogswell-Foster Preserve (OR1), 1987-04-7, 1987-04-27, 1987-09-20, Love 8707 (TRT00001895!, TRT00001907!, TRT00001912!), 8714 (TRT00001897!, TRT00001899!, TRT00002643!), 8715 (TRT00001901!, TRT00001902!, TRT00001910!), 8716 (TRT00001894!, TRT00001913!), 8717 (TRT00001900!, TRT00001909!), 8718 (TRT00002645!), 8719 (TRT00001893!, TRT00001905!, TRT00001906!), 8720 (TRT00001904!), 1993-05-18, Barbour, Evans & Love 93064 (TRT00001896!), 1997-07-27, Love 9726 (TRT00002196!); 2004-06-10, Lo, Dickinson & Nguyen 71 (TRT00002650!), 73 (TRT00002660!), 76 (TRT00002658!), 77 (TRT00002659!), 79 (TRT00002657!), 81 (TRT00002655!), 82 (TRT00002656!), 84 (TRT00002653!), 85 (TRT00002654!); 2009-09-03, Dickinson & Dickinson 2009-22 (TRT00002555!), 2009-23 (TRT00002556!), 2009-24 (TRT00002557!), 2009-28 (TRT00002560!), 2009-33 (TRT00002565!), 2009-34 (TRT00002566!), 2009-36 (TRT00002568!), 2009-38 (TRT00002570!), 2009-39 (TRT00002571!), 2009-41 (TRT00002573!), 2009-42 (TRT00002572!), 2009-43 (TRT00002575!); Marion Co., Salem, 2003-05-01, Zika 18296 (TRT00001889!). Washington: Clark Co., 2003-06-01, Zika 18431 (TRT00001891!).
Dr Peter Wagner, Copenhagen, kindly checked the Latin diagnoses. Diane Celotti gave
us biographical information about her daughter, Nina. Rhoda M. Love introduced TAD
to


FooTel
Home
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Crowd Play ♫
Player
-- select playlist --
Server-URI
Current Song
-- select a playlist first --
Pause
Skip Song
Tracks
-- select a playlist first --


PHP basics
- PHP code can be inserted anywhere as long as the code is put between the start
<?php
and end tags ?>
.
- Comments can be added using double slashes // or delimited by /* and */.
- Each statement should be ended with semicolon (;).
- PHP ignores whitespace (indentation tabs, newlines, ...).
Variables
- PHP is a Loosely Typed Language.
- In PHP, a variable does not need to be declared before adding a value to it.
- PHP automatically converts the variable to the correct data type, depending on its value.
- A variable is created the moment you first assign a value to it
<?php
$a_string = "Hello World";
$a_number = 125;
$a_decimal = 1.25;
?>
Variables
- Single quoted strings
- Will display things almost completely "as is."
- Variables and most escape sequences will not be interpreted.
- Double quoted strings
- Double quote strings will display a host of escaped characters (including some regexes), and variables in the strings will be evaluated.
<?php
$a_string = "Hello World";
echo $a_string; // Output: Hello World
echo "$a_string"; // Output: Hello World
echo '$a_string'; // Output: $a_string
?>
PHP Datatypes
- integer
- Whole numbers that range from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
- double
- Numbers with decimal places that range from -1.7E308 to 1.7E308 with up to 16 significant digits.
- boolean
PHP Datatypes
- string
- Text that consists of any characters.
- array
- Container that holds multiple values of one or more data types
- object
- Container that contains data (properties) and functions (methods)
Arrays
- Numeric Arrays
- A numeric array stores each array element with a numeric index.
<?php
// Creating an array
$array = array("foo", "bar", "hallo", "world");
var_dump($array);
// Getting element from array
$someValue = $array[0];
?>
Show Me
Arrays
- Associative Arrays
- In an associative array, each ID key is associated with a value.
<?php
// Creating an array
$array = array(
"foo" => "bar",
"bar" => "foo",
);
var_dump($array);
// Getting element from array
$someValue = $array["foo"];
?>
Show Me
Arrays
- Multidimensional Arrays
- In a multidimensional array, each element in an array can also be an array.
<?php
// Creating a multidimensional array
$array = array(
"foo" => "bar",
42 => 24,
"multi" => array(
"dimensional" => array(
"array" => "foo"
)));
// Getting element from array
var_dump($array["foo"]);
var_dump($array[42]);
var_dump($array["multi"]["dimensional"]["array"]);
?>
Show Me
If - else
<?php
$rnd = rand (0, 100);
if ($rnd == 0 || $rnd == 100) {
echo "
$rnd is limit value
";
}
else if ($rnd < 25) {
echo "
$rnd is smaller than 25
";
}
else {
echo "
$rnd is bigger than or equal to 25
";
}
?>
Show Me
While loop
<?php
$array = array('test', 'some', 'stuff');
while ($val = array_pop($array))
{
echo '
' . $val . '
';
}
?>
Show Me
Do While loop
<?php
$x = 0;
echo '
';
do
{
echo '
' . $x++ . '
';
}
while ($x < 10);
echo '
';
?>
Show Me
For loop

Starting countdown till Apocalypse.

<?php
for ($i = 10; $i >= 0; $i--)
{
echo "$i ... ";
}
?>

Executing BringTheWorldToItsEnd();

Show Me
Switch statements
<?php
$rnd = rand (0, 2);
switch ($rnd) {
case 0:
case 2:
echo "
$rnd is limit value
";
break;
case 1:
echo "
rnd is 1
";
break;
default:
echo "
rnd is out of range
";
break;
}
?>
Show Me
Foreach
<?php
$student_grades = array('Jerry' => 16.5,
'Mark' => 12, 'Elise' => 5.5, 'Sarah' => 17
);
foreach ($student_grades as $grade) {
echo "
Someone has a grade of $grade/20
";
}
foreach ($student_grades as $student => $grade) {
echo "
$student has a grade of $grade/20
";
}
?>
Show Me
Foreach with assignment
<?php
$myarray = array(1, 2, 3, 4);
echo '
Without passing by reference:
';
foreach ($myarray as $value) {
$value = $value * 2;
}
echo '
';
print_r($myarray);
echo '
';
?>
Foreach with assignment
- In order to be able to directly modify array elements within the loop precede $value with &
- In that case the value will be assigned by reference.
<?php
$myarray = array(1, 2, 3, 4);
echo '
With passing by reference:
';
foreach ($myarray as &$value) {
$value = $value * 2;
}
echo '
';
print_r($myarray);
echo '
';
?>
Show Me
Functions
- The real power of PHP comes from its functions.
- In PHP, there are more than 700 built-in functions.
- A function will be executed by a call to the function.
- You may call a function from anywhere within a page.
Functions calls
<?php
$numbers = array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
echo '
' . 'Total sum of numbers: ' . array_sum($numbers) . '
';
$string = 'Aint no place like home.';
$hash = hash('md5', $string);
echo "
" . "The md5 hash for '$string' is '$hash'
";
?>
Show Me
Defining your own functions
- PHP allows you to define your own functions
- Three ways to return control to the point at which a function was invoked
- Reaching the function-ending right brace.
- Executing the statement return;
- Executing the statement "return expression;" to return the value of expression to the caller.
Defining your own functions
<?php
function check_password($hash, $hashtype, $password)
{
// Hash the plain password
$userhash = hash($hashtype, $password);
// Return if they match
return ($userhash == $hash);
}
?>
Defining your own functions
<?php
// Calling my custom function
if (check_password('beaecb055ddd74cc924af921daaf271e',
'md5', 'AC-DC kicks ass'))
{
echo '
Access allowed
';
}
else
{
echo '
Access denied
';
}
?>
Show Me


{% load static %}
Your starting point to determine which Waterloo Engineering program may be the right fit for you!
Waterloo Engineering programs are direct-entry (there is no general first year). If you're not sure which program your interests align with, this tool is a great place to start.
If you have questions about engineering admissions, please email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or visit our website


| AbstractTriangle |
|
| ColorRGBA |
ColorRGBA defines a color made from a collection of red, green
and blue values stored in Linear color space.
|
| CurveAndSurfaceMath |
This class offers methods to help with curves and surfaces calculations.
|
| Easing |
Expose several Easing function from Robert Penner
Created by Nehon on 26/03/2017.
|
| Easing.InOut |
An Ease function composed of 2 sb function for custom in and out easing
|
| Eigen3f |
|
| FastMath |
FastMath provides 'fast' math approximations and float equivalents of Math
functions.
|
| Line |
Line defines a line.
|
| LineSegment |
LineSegment represents a segment in the space.
|
| MathUtils |
Created by Nehon on 23/04/2017.
|
| Matrix3f |
Matrix3f defines a 3x3 matrix.
|
| Matrix4f |
Matrix4f defines and maintains a 4x4 matrix in row major order.
|
| Plane |
Plane defines a plane where Normal dot (x,y,z) = Constant.
|
| Quaternion |
Quaternion defines a single example of a more general class of
hypercomplex numbers.
|
| Ray |
Ray defines a line segment which has an origin and a direction.
|
| Rectangle |
Rectangle defines a finite plane within three dimensional space
that is specified via three points (A, B, C).
|
| Ring |
Ring defines a flat ring or disk within three dimensional
space that is specified via the ring's center point, an up vector, an inner
radius, and an outer radius.
|
| Spline |
|
| Transform |
Started Date: Jul 16, 2004
Represents a translation, rotation and scale in one object.
|
| Triangle |
Triangle defines an object for containing triangle information.
|
| Vector2f |
Vector2f defines a Vector for a two float value vector.
|
| Vector3f |
Vector3f defines a Vector for a three float value tuple.
|
| Vector4f |
Vector4f defines a Vector for a four float value tuple.
|


Step 5: Complete OAuth process as Health System User
Use the 1upHealth Connect API with the access token retrieved during step 3 to connect to the specified test health system.
Test user credentials can be located here: https://1up.health/docs/start/fhir-test-credentials
The example credentials provided in the user name and password fields at step 4 may be used to connect as a cerner test user.
ResourceId or Query String is required. Do not provide values for both.
ResourceId
Query String Params
Operation Params
Enter a FHIR Resource ID and Query Params to perform a FHIR Search or Read operation for the connected health system.
Results of search (including error details, if provided) will be included below.
Example Path:
https://api.1up.health/stu2/Patient/{patient_id}/$everything'


Syntax: lastname, firstname
Syntax: partial_lastname
Example: Smith, John
Example: Smi
80 result max per court per division
Searches are cached for 3 days
While not supported by the statewide system, Virginia Beach is supported by this tool! Though the tool does not yet support partial name searches for Virginia Beach.
The Circuit Courts of Alexandria and Fairfax do not use the statewide Circuit Case Management System, and are not currently supported by this tool, though we hope to add support in the future.


Here's a paragraph .
What am I ? I am code !
Make sure pages are properly formated and include p, paragraphs. Just don't make empty paragraphs to create space between them. You will use CSS for that. Technically you don't 'need' the closing paragraph tag, but they help to identify the structure of things when reading the code.
Brando Huff
1234 Amherst NE
Albuqueruque NM, 87111
& © ™
Can add white space by using nbsp; named character entitity. Use CSS to create space for visual presentation, not this nbsp.
Use align attribute to make the text wrap around the image,but really you should do this in CSS.
CHALLENGE 1


National eGovernance DivisionMinistry of Electronics & Information Technology(MeitY) Government of IndiaCopyright @2017, Version 1


My name is Quyen Tran and I'm a full-stack developer living in San Diego. Before diving head-on into coding, I've worked as a helpdesk technician, technology specialist, and business analyst. I love all aspects of technology and always striving to learn new things. When I'm not programming, I'm hanging out with my dog, Lemon, or doing yoga somewhere.
HTML/CSS
Ruby on Rails
JavaScript
Python
UI/UX
Project Management
A web application that lists available shows from thousands of free and subscription online streaming services narrowed down by genre preference. Its purpose is to provide users with access to only online tv subscriptions to find shows available for their channels.
Built with
Ruby jQuery PostgreSQL
Acts as a one-stop destination to track and maintain motorcycles, equipments, and maintenance. This was a client project with a provided code base. The task was to integrate modern UX/UI principals to create a more intuitive design.
Built with
Ruby on Rails jQuery PostgreSQL Sass
If you have ever tried to get ramen on a Saturday night in San Diego, you know it's a nightmare! This app solves this problem with a list of ramen shops around San Diego with estimated wait times that update dynamically.
Built with
Ruby on Rails jQuery PostgreSQL Sass


WITNESS LIST Windham School District, Select Committee April 11, 2000-1:00P Windham School District For: Reeves, Linda (Texas Inmate Families Association) Against: Brokenbek, Art (Self) Brokenbek, Marilyn (Self) On: Ali, Kay (Self) Fabelo, Ph.D., Tony (Texas Criminal Justice Policy Council) Haynes, Marjie (Windham School District) Lawson, Cheryl (Windham School District) Wall, Marjorie (Texas State Teachers Association) Yawn, Richard (Windham School District) Morrow, Mike (Windham School District)


Reported: 10/11/2019
Descriprion: The window is stuck open.
Status: Resolved
Descriprion: The table on seat 69 is sticky.
Status: Submitted
Descriprion: There is something wrong.
Status: Pending


I feel like the DBC/EDA experience takes a pretty unique approach in the way that it's so hands on. The focus really seems to be on creating the right environment for success rather than just the right content. In the orientation it mentions that EDA does more than create web developers, but also develops people. It's the more personal aspect that really drew me to the course in the first place.
In the past I've found when I've done training in web development (which included a fair amount of self study) that while it's amazing what you can learn, it is so easy to get caught down that rabbit hole. Having the support of both the EDA staff and everyone else in the cohort experiencing the same as you seems like it's going to be so beneficial to the whole experience. I loved the analogy Shereef gave of us walking from San Fran to Seattle and while some may be a few steps ahead, its nothing compared to the rest of the journey in front of us.
To be surrounded by people who are motivated and aiming for the same thing I am definitely excites me, and I look forward to bootcamp when we can continue to work together to get where we want to be.


Life At DBC.
Third Week at DBC
Date: 10/26/2014
Though my third weeks at DBC, I feel more confident and technical updated with Ruby, HTML, CSS and Git.
Being a Master student in computer science at New York institute of Technologies, I hardly had knowledge about programing. All the subject are theoretical and no practical programing knowledge. So I had left with option of Learning on your own with material available online is isolating and frustrating. Trying to achive required skill set was hard because I was always in confusion what to study, where to study and when to study. After deciding on material was very difficult to focus and motivate throughout the course. And more over if you hit any road block that would derail me for few hours or even days and due to which I loose track.
The Curriculum at DBC is chosen and updated as per Market required, which removes doubt as to whether you are studying the right stuff at the time.
From last three weeks I notice one thing my learning process is expidite because there is always someone to help you or make you understand is you hit road block. At DBC, you learn all new technologies from the very beginning which helps to clear the concepts.
Lastly DBC creats communities of all classmated which supports as group and give foundation of pair programing.
Hardest part uptill now! Figuring out how much time to devote to cover curriculum and lot of other resources available on internet. Eager to learn new concept always drive me towards rabbit hole. To avoid this I always to to keep focus on current unit I'm going through.
Learning Style
Asked to take a quiz to figure out our thinking and learning style, Before I start Phase 0
The Gregorc Thinking Styles places people into one (or more) of four categories:
- Concrete Sequential
- Abstract Sequential
- Concrete Random
- Abstract Random
My primary learning style tends towrds Concrete Sequential, This quality enables you to register information directly through your five senses: sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing. When you are using your concrete ability, you are dealing with the obvious, the "here and now." You are not looking for hidden meanings, or making relationships between ideas or concepts. Allows your mind to organize information in a linear, step-by-step manner. know that I enjoy the analytical inclinations of an CS These have always been my comfort zones while in traditional eductional environments.
With growth mindset, Where one push himself to grabe every instance opportunity for learning, development, growth. I am trying to grab all new challenges
Would you like me to give you a formula for success? It's quite simple, really. Double your rate of failure. Thomas Watson


Author: Stefan Guilhen
Level: Advanced
Technologies: EJB, Security
Summary: The ejb-security-context-propagation
quickstart demonstrates how the security context can be propagated to a remote EJB using a remote outbound connection configuration
Target Product: JBoss EAP
Source: https://github.com/jboss-developer/jboss-eap-quickstarts/
The ejb-security-context-propagation
quickstart demonstrates how the security context of an EJB can be propagated to a remote EJB in Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform.
The quickstart makes use of two EJBs, SecuredEJB
and IntermediateEJB
, to verify that the security context propagation is correct, and a RemoteClient
standalone client.
The SecuredEJB
has four methods:
String getSecurityInformation();
String guestMethod();
String userMethod();
String adminMethod();
The first method can be called by all users that are created in this quickstart. The purpose of this method is to return a String containing the name of the Principal that called the EJB along with the user's authorized role information, for example:
[Principal=[quickstartUser], In role [guest]=true, In role [user]=true, In role [admin]=false]
The next three methods are annotated to require that the calling user is authorized for roles guest
, user
and admin
respectively.
The IntermediateEJB
contains a single method. Its purpose is to make use of a remote connection and invoke each of the methods on the SecuredEJB
. A summary is then returned with the outcome of the calls.
Finally there is the RemoteClient
stand-alone client. The client makes calls using the identity of the established connection.
In the real world, remote calls between servers in the servers-to-server scenario would truly be remote and separate. For the purpose of this quickstart, we make use of a loopback connection to the same server so we do not need two servers just to run the test.
The application this project produces is designed to be run on Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7.1.
All you need to build this project is Java 8.0 (Java SDK 1.8) or later and Maven 3.3.1 or later. See Configure Maven for JBoss EAP 7.1 to make sure you are configured correctly for testing the quickstarts.
To run these quickstarts with the provided build scripts, you need the JBoss EAP distribution ZIP. For information on how to install and run JBoss, see the Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Documentation Getting Started Guide located on the Customer Portal.
You can also use JBoss Developer Studio or Eclipse to run the quickstarts.
This quickstart uses the default standalone configuration plus the modifications described here.
It is recommended that you test this approach in a separate and clean environment before you attempt to port the changes in your own environment.
In the following instructions, replace EAP7_HOME
with the actual path to your JBoss EAP installation. The installation path is described in detail here: Use of EAP7_HOME and JBOSS_HOME Variables.
This quickstart uses secured management interfaces and is built around the default ApplicationRealm
as configured in the JBoss EAP distribution. You must create the following application user to access the running application:
| UserName | Realm | Password | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| quickstartUser | ApplicationRealm | quickstartPwd1! | guest,user |
| superUser | ApplicationRealm | superPwd1! | guest,user,admin |
To add the user, open a command prompt and type the following commands:
For Linux:
EAP7_HOME/bin/add-user.sh -a -u 'quickstartUser' -p 'quickstartPwd1!' -g 'guest,user'
EAP7_HOME/bin/add-user.sh -a -u 'superUser' -p 'superPwd1!' -g 'guest,user,admin'
For Windows:
EAP7_HOME\bin\add-user.bat -a -u 'quickstartUser' -p 'quickstartPwd1!' -g 'guest,user'
EAP7_HOME\bin\add-user.bat -a -u 'superUser' -p 'superPwd1!' -g 'guest,user,admin'
The quickstart
user establishes the actual connection to the server.
If you prefer, you can use the add-user utility interactively. For an example of how to use the add-user utility, see the instructions located here: Add an Application User.
These steps assume you are running the server in standalone mode and using the default standalone.xml
supplied with the distribution.
You configure the security domain by running JBoss CLI commands. For your convenience, this quickstart batches the commands into a configure-elytron.cli
script provided in the root directory of this quickstart.
Before you begin, back up your server configuration file
EAP7_HOME/standalone/configuration/standalone.xml
Start the JBoss EAP server by typing the following:
For Linux: EAP7_HOME/bin/standalone.sh
For Windows: EAP7_HOME\bin\standalone.bat
configure-elytron.cli
file in the root of this quickstart directory. This script adds the configuration that enables Elytron security for the quickstart deployment. Comments in the script describe the purpose of each block of commands.Open a new command prompt, navigate to the root directory of this quickstart, and run the following command, replacing EAP7_HOME with the path to your server:
For Linux: EAP7_HOME/bin/jboss-cli.sh --connect --file=configure-elytron.cli
For Windows: EAP7_HOME\bin\jboss-cli.bat --connect --file=configure-elytron.cli
You should see the following result when you run the script:
The batch executed successfully
process-state: reload-required
Because this example quickstart demonstrates security, exceptions are thrown when secured EJB access is attempted by an invalid user. If you want to review the security exceptions in the server log, you can skip this step. If you want to suppress these exceptions in the server log, run the following command, replacing EAP7_HOME with the path to your server:
For Linux: EAP7_HOME/bin/jboss-cli.sh --connect --file=configure-system-exception.cli
For Windows: EAP7_HOME\bin\jboss-cli.bat --connect --file=configure-system-exception.cli
You should see the following result when you run the script:
The batch executed successfully
After stopping the server, open the EAP7_HOME/standalone/configuration/standalone.xml
file and review the changes.
application-security-domain
was added to the ejb3
subsystem:
<application-security-domains>
<application-security-domain name="quickstart-domain" security-domain="ApplicationDomain"/>
</application-security-domains>
The application-security-domain
essentially enables Elytron security for the quickstart EJBs. It maps the quickstart-domain
that was set in the EJBs via annotation to the Elytron ApplicationDomain
that will be responsible for authenticating and authorizing access to the EJBs.
ejb-outbound-configuration
authentication configuration and ejb-outbound-context
authentication context were added to the elytron
subsystem:
<authentication-configuration name="ejb-outbound-configuration" security-domain="ApplicationDomain" sasl-mechanism-selector="PLAIN"/>
<authentication-context name="ejb-outbound-context">
<match-rule authentication-configuration="ejb-outbound-configuration"/>
</authentication-context>
The ejb-outbound-configuration
contains the authentication configuration that will be used when invoking a method on a remote EJB, for example when IntermediateEJB
calls the methods on the SecuredEJB
. The above configuration specifies that the identity that is currently authenticated to the ApplicationDomain
will be used to establish the connection to the remote EJB. The sasl-mechanism-selector
defines the SASL mechanisms that should be tried. In this quickstart the PLAIN
mechanism has been chosen because other challenge-response mechanisms such as DIGEST-MD5
can't provide the original credential to establish the connection to the remote EJB.
The ejb-outbound-context
is the authentication context that is used by the remote outbound connection and it automatically selects the ejb-outbound-configuration
.
The following ejb-outbound
outbound-socket-binding connection was created within the standard-sockets
socket-binding-group:
<outbound-socket-binding name="ejb-outbound">
<remote-destination host="localhost" port="8080"/>
</outbound-socket-binding>
For the purpose of the quickstart we just need an outbound connection that loops back to the same server. This will be sufficient to demonstrate the server-to-server capabilities.
ejb-outbound-connection
remote-outbound-connection was added to the outbound-connections within the remoting
subsytem:
<outbound-connections>
<remote-outbound-connection name="ejb-outbound-connection" outbound-socket-binding-ref="ejb-outbound" authentication-context="ejb-outbound-context"/>
</outbound-connections>
http-connector
in the remoting
subsystem was updated to use the application-sasl-authentication
authentication factory. It allows for the identity that was established in the connection authentication to be propagated to the components.
<http-connector name="http-remoting-connector" connector-ref="default" security-realm="ApplicationRealm" sasl-authentication-factory="application-sasl-authentication"/>
Finally, the application-sasl-authentication
factory was updated in the elytron
subsystem to include the PLAIN
mechanism:
<sasl-authentication-factory name="application-sasl-authentication" sasl-server-factory="configured" security-domain="ApplicationDomain">
<mechanism-configuration>
<mechanism mechanism-name="PLAIN"/>
<mechanism mechanism-name="JBOSS-LOCAL-USER" realm-mapper="local"/>
<mechanism mechanism-name="DIGEST-MD5">
<mechanism-realm realm-name="ApplicationRealm"/>
</mechanism>
</mechanism-configuration>
</sasl-authentication-factory>
If you chose to run the script to suppress system exceptions, you should see the following configuration in the ejb3
subsystem.
<log-system-exceptions value="false"/>
For Linux: EAP7_HOME/bin/standalone.sh
For Windows: EAP7_HOME\bin\standalone.bat
mvn clean package wildfly:deploy
This will deploy target/ejb-security-context-propagation.jar
to the running instance of the server.
Before you run the client, make sure you have already successfully deployed the EJBs to the server in the previous step and that your command prompt is still in the same folder.
Type this command to execute the client:
mvn exec:exec
When you run the mvn exec:exec
command, you see the following output. Note there may be other log messages interspersed between these.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * IntermediateEJB - Begin Testing with principal quickstartUser * *
Remote Security Information: [Principal=[quickstartUser], In role [guest]=true, In role [user]=true, In role [admin]=false]
Can invoke guestMethod? true
Can invoke userMethod? true
Can invoke adminMethod? false
* * IntermediateEJB - End Testing * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
* * IntermediateEJB - Begin Testing with principal superUser * *
Remote Security Information: [Principal=[superUser], In role [guest]=true, In role [user]=true, In role [admin]=true]
Can invoke guestMethod? true
Can invoke userMethod? true
Can invoke adminMethod? true
* * IntermediateEJB - End Testing * *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
As can be seen from the output the identities authenticated to the intermediate EJB were propagated all the way to the remote secured EJB and their roles have been correctly evaluated.
If you chose not to run the script to suppress system exceptions, you should see the following exceptions in the JBoss EAP server console or log. The exceptions are logged for each of the tests where a request is rejected because the user is not authorized.
12:26:06,556 ERROR [org.jboss.as.ejb3.invocation] (default task-57) WFLYEJB0034: EJB Invocation failed on component SecuredEJB for method public abstract java.lang.String org.jboss.as.quickstarts.ejb_security_context_propagation.SecuredEJBRemote.adminMethod(): javax.ejb.EJBAccessException: WFLYEJB0364: Invocation on method: public abstract java.lang.String org.jboss.as.quickstarts.ejb_security_context_propagation.SecuredEJBRemote.adminMethod() of bean: SecuredEJB is not allowed
at org.jboss.as.ejb3.security.RolesAllowedInterceptor.processInvocation(RolesAllowedInterceptor.java:67)
at org.jboss.invocation.InterceptorContext.proceed(InterceptorContext.java:422)
at org.jboss.as.ejb3.security.SecurityDomainInterceptor.processInvocation(SecurityDomainInterceptor.java:44)
at org.jboss.invocation.InterceptorContext.proceed(InterceptorContext.java:422)
at org.jboss.as.ejb3.deployment.processors.StartupAwaitInterceptor.processInvocation(StartupAwaitInterceptor.java:22)
at org.jboss.invocation.InterceptorContext.proceed(InterceptorContext.java:422)
at org.jboss.as.ejb3.component.interceptors.ShutDownInterceptorFactory$1.processInvocation(ShutDownInterceptorFactory.java:64)
at org.jboss.invocation.InterceptorContext.proceed(InterceptorContext.java:422)
at org.jboss.as.ejb3.deployment.processors.EjbSuspendInterceptor.processInvocation(EjbSuspendInterceptor.java:57)
at org.jboss.invocation.InterceptorContext.proceed(InterceptorContext.java:422)
at org.jboss.as.ejb3.component.interceptors.LoggingInterceptor.processInvocation(LoggingInterceptor.java:67)
at org.jboss.invocation.InterceptorContext.proceed(InterceptorContext.java:422)
at org.jboss.as.ee.component.NamespaceContextInterceptor.processInvocation(NamespaceContextInterceptor.java:50)
at org.jboss.invocation.InterceptorContext.proceed(InterceptorContext.java:422)
at org.jboss.as.ejb3.component.interceptors.AdditionalSetupInterceptor.processInvocation(AdditionalSetupInterceptor.java:54)
at org.jboss.invocation.InterceptorContext.proceed(InterceptorContext.java:422)
at org.jboss.invocation.ContextClassLoaderInterceptor.processInvocation(ContextClassLoaderInterceptor.java:60)
at org.jboss.invocation.InterceptorContext.proceed(InterceptorContext.java:422)
at org.jboss.invocation.InterceptorContext.run(InterceptorContext.java:438)
at org.wildfly.security.manager.WildFlySecurityManager.doChecked(WildFlySecurityManager.java:609)
at org.jboss.invocation.AccessCheckingInterceptor.processInvocation(AccessCheckingInterceptor.java:57)
at org.jboss.invocation.InterceptorContext.proceed(InterceptorContext.java:422)
at org.jboss.invocation.ChainedInterceptor.processInvocation(ChainedInterceptor.java:53)
at org.jboss.as.ee.component.ViewService$View.invoke(ViewService.java:198)
at org.wildfly.security.auth.server.SecurityIdentity.runAsFunctionEx(SecurityIdentity.java:380)
at org.jboss.as.ejb3.remote.AssociationImpl.invokeWithIdentity(AssociationImpl.java:492)
at org.jboss.as.ejb3.remote.AssociationImpl.invokeMethod(AssociationImpl.java:487)
at org.jboss.as.ejb3.remote.AssociationImpl.lambda$receiveInvocationRequest$0(AssociationImpl.java:188)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
mvn wildfly:undeploy
You can restore the original server configuration by running the restore-configuration.cli
script provided in the root directory of this quickstart or by manually restoring the backup copy the configuration file.
For Linux: EAP7_HOME/bin/standalone.sh
For Windows: EAP7_HOME\bin\standalone.bat
For Linux: EAP7_HOME/bin/jboss-cli.sh --connect --file=restore-configuration.cli
For Windows: EAP7_HOME\bin\jboss-cli.bat --connect --file=restore-configuration.cli
This script reverts the changes made to the ejb3
, elytron
and remoting
subsystems. You should see the following result when you run the script:
The batch executed successfully
process-state: reload-required
For Linux: EAP7_HOME/bin/jboss-cli.sh --connect --file=restore-system-exception.cli
For Windows: EAP7_HOME\bin\jboss-cli.bat --connect --file=restore-system-exception.cli
You should see the following result when you run the script:
The batch executed successfully
EAP7_HOME/standalone/configuration/standalone.xml
file with the backup copy of the file.You can also start the server and deploy the quickstarts or run the Arquillian tests from Eclipse using JBoss tools. For general information about how to import a quickstart, add a JBoss EAP server, and build and deploy a quickstart, see Use JBoss Developer Studio or Eclipse to Run the Quickstarts.
This quickstart requires additional configuration and deploys and runs differently in JBoss Developer Studio than the other quickstarts.
ejb-security-context-propagation
project and choose Run As
--> Run on Server
.ejb-security-context-propagation
project and choose Run As
--> Java Application
.RemoteClient - org.jboss.as.quickstarts.ejb_security_context_propagation
and click OK
.ejb-security-context-propagation
project and choose Run As
--> Maven build
. Enter wildfly:undeploy
for the Goals
and click Run
.If you want to debug the source code of any library in the project, run the following command to pull the source into your local repository. The IDE should then detect it.
mvn dependency:sources


|
| | Array2D () |
| | Default constructor, which does not allocate any memory. More...
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| | Array2D (const int &nx, const int &ny) |
| | Constructor that allocates the memory.  More...
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| |
| | ~Array2D () |
| | Destructor that frees up the memory. More...
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| |
| void | Clear () |
| | Function to clear the memory. More...
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| |
| int | XSize () const |
| | Returns size in the x-direction. More...
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| |
| int | YSize () const |
| | Returns size in the y-direction. More...
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| |
| void | Resize (const int &nx, const int &ny) |
| | Resizes the array. More...
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| |
| void | Resize (const int &nx, const int &ny, const T &t) |
| | Resizes the array and sets ALL entries to the specified value. More...
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| |
| void | SetValue (const T &t) |
| | Set all values in the array to the given value. More...
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| |
| T * | GetArrayPointer () |
| | Return a pointer to the first element of the data in the vector so we can use it access the data in array format (e.g. for passing it to a Fortran program). More...
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| |
| const T * | GetConstArrayPointer () const |
| | Return a cont point to the first element of the data in the vector so we can use it access the data in array format (e.g. for passing it to a Fortran program). More...
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| |
| T & | operator() (int ix, int iy) |
| | C-like () operator to access values in the 2D data array. More...
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| const T & | operator() (int ix, int iy) const |
| |
| void | insertRow (Array1D< T > &insarr, int ix) |
| | Insert array insarr as a row into position ix. More...
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| void | insertRow (Array2D< T > &insarr, int ix) |
| | Insert a 2d-array insarr into a row position ix. More...
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| |
| void | eraseRow (int ix) |
| | Erase the row ix. More...
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| |
| void | insertCol (Array1D< T > &insarr, int iy) |
| |
| void | insertCol (Array2D< T > &insarr, int iy) |
| | Insert a 2d-array insarr into a column position iy. More...
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| |
| void | eraseCol (int iy) |
| | Erase the column iy. More...
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| void | DumpBinary (FILE *f_out) const |
| | Dump contents of the array to a file in binary format. More...
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| void | ReadBinary (FILE *f_in) |
| | Read contents of the array from a file in binary format. More...
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| Array1D< T > & | operator[] (int ix) |
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| vector< int > | shape () |
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| void | getRow (int row) |
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| void | DumpBinary (char *filename) |
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| void | ReadBinary (char *filename) |
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| void | DumpBinary4py (char *filename) |
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| void | ReadBinary4py (char *filename, int n1, int n2) |
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| void | setArray (vector< T > inarray) |
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| void | setnpdblArray (double *inarray, int n1, int n2) |
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| void | getnpdblArray (double *outarray) |
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| void | setnpintArray (long *inarray, int n1, int n2) |
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| void | getnpintArray (long *outarray) |
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| T & | at (int ix, int iy) |
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| vector< T > | flatten () |
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| string | type () |
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| void | assign (const int x, const int y, const T val) |
| |
template<typename T>
class Array2D< T >
Stores data of any type T in a 2D array.
This class also provides a Fortran-like access operator () as well as a function to access the data in the array through a pointer that can be passed to F77 or C routines.
- Author
- Bert Debusschere bjdeb.nosp@m.us@s.nosp<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- Date
- Jan 2005
- Note
- Inspired by Helgi Adalsteinsson's Array class implementation
- Todo:
- Define copy constructor