Created by Raul C. Chao for EE6485
The materials from this class rely significantly on content prepared by other authors, including
Booleans, Numbers, and Strings
&&
or ||
t = True
f = False
print(type(t)) # Prints "<class 'bool'>"
print(t and f) # Logical AND; prints "False"
print(t or f) # Logical OR; prints "True"
print(not t) # Logical NOT; prints "False"
print(t != f) # Logical XOR; prints "True"
| Operator | Description | Example | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| + | addition | 5 + 8 | 13 |
| - | subtraction | 90 - 10 | 80 |
| * | multiplication | 4 * 7 | 28 |
| / | floating point division | 7 / 2 | 3.5 |
| // | integer (truncating) division | 7 // 2 | 3 |
| % | modulus (remainder) | 7 % 2 | 1 |
| ** | exponentiation | 3 ** 4 | 81 |
x = 3
print(type(x)) # Prints "<class 'int'>"
print(x) # Prints "3"
print(x + 1) # Addition; prints "4"
print(x ** 2) # Exponentiation; prints "9"
x += 1
print(x) # Prints "4"
x *= 2
print(x) # Prints "8"
y = 2.5
print(type(y)) # Prints "<class 'float'>"
print(y, y + 1, y * 2, y ** 2) # Prints "2.5 3.5 5.0 6.25"
# Convert from Booleans
print(int(True)) # Prints "1"
print(int(False)) # Prints "0"
# Convert from Integers / Floats
print(int(98.6)) # Prints "98"
print(int(1.0e4)) # Prints "10000"
print(float(98)) # Prints "98.0"
# Convert from Strings
print(int('99')) # Prints "99"
print(int('-23')) # Prints "23"
print(int('+12')) # Prints "12"
print(float('98.6')) # Prints "98.6"
hello = 'hello' # String literals can use single quotes
world = "world" # or double quotes; it does not matter.
print(hello) # Prints "hello"
Concatenate with +
hw = hello + ' ' + world # String concatenation
print(hw) # Prints "hello world"
Duplicate with *
print((hello + ' ') * 3) # Prints "hello hello hello "
letters = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
print(letters[3]) # Prints "d"
print(letters[20:]) # Slicing, prints "uvwxyz"
print(letters[7:9]) # Slicing, prints "hi"
Useful methods
hw = hello + ' ' + world # String concatenation
print(hw) # Prints "hello world"
Duplicate with *
print((hello + ' ') * 3) # Prints "hello hello hello "
Python includes built-in container types to facilitate data storage and manipulation.
ls = [2, 'dog', 5] # Create list, can be of different types
print(ls[1], ls) # Prints "'dog' [2, 'dog', 5]"
Count negative index
print(ls[-1]) # Prints "5"
Add to end of list
ls.append('cat') # Add element to end of list with append()
print(ls) # Prints "[2, 'dog', 5, 'cat']"
ns = list(range(4)) # Note: range() returns an 'iterable' type
print(ns) # Prints "[0, 1, 2, 3]"
Index slicing methods
print(ns[1:3]) # Get index 1 to 3 (exclusive); prints "[1, 2]"
print(ns[1:]) # Get index 1 to end; prints "[1, 2, 3]"
print(ns[:1]) # Get start to index 1 (exclusive); prints "[0]"
print(ns[:-1]) # Use negative slice index; prints "[0, 1, 2]"
Sublist reassignment
ns[1:3] = [5, 6] # Assign part of a list to a slice
print(ns) # Prints "[0, 5, 6, 3]"
students = ['alice', 'bob', 'jean']
for student in students:
print(student) # Prints each student on a separate line
Use enumerate() to access list indices inside a loop
students = ['alice', 'bob', 'jean']
for idx, student in enumerate(students):
print("#%d: %s" % (idx + 1, student))
# Prints starting from "#1: alice" on separate lines
# We often use loops to operate on every element of a list.
nums = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
squares = []
for x in nums:
squares.append(x ** 2)
print(squares) # Prints [0, 1, 4, 9, 16]
The above code can be written in the form of a list comprehension
nums = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
squares = [x ** 2 for x in nums] # More concise than a loop
print(squares) # Prints [0, 1, 4, 9, 16]
List comprehensions can include conditions
nums = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
even_squares = [x ** 2 for x in nums if x % 2 == 0]
print(even_squares) # Prints "[0, 4, 16]"
# Create dictionary with data
scores = {'alice': 94, 'jean': 63, 'bob': 83}
print(scores['jean']) # Prints entry "63" from dictionary
print('bob' in scores) # Check if key exists; prints "True"
Set and delete entries from dictionary
scores['alice'] = 70 # Set entry in dictionary
del scores['alice'] # Remove elements from dictionary
Handle possible errors in dictionary key-searching
print(scores['sid']) # KeyError: key 'sid' doesn't exist
print(scores.get('sid', 'N/A')) # give default; prints "N/A"
d = {'NTHU': 'Hsinchu', 'NCKU': 'Tainan', 'NTU': 'Taipei'}
for university in d:
location = d[university]
print('%s is in %s' % (university, location))
# Prints "NTHU is in Hsinchu", "NCKU is in Tainan", etc...
Use items() to get keys and values simultaneously
d = {'NTHU': 'Hsinchu', 'NCKU': 'Tainan', 'NTU': 'Taipei'}
for university, location in d.items():
print('%s is in %s' % (university, location))
# Prints "NTHU is in Hsinchu", "NCKU is in Tainan", etc...
nums = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
even_num_to_square = {x: x ** 2 for x in nums if x % 2 == 0}
print(even_num_to_square) # Prints "{0: 0, 2: 4, 4: 16}"
Quickly reverse key-value pairs
d = {'NTHU': 'Hsinchu', 'NCKU': 'Tainan', 'NTU': 'Taipei'}
d_reversed = {value: key for key, value in d.items()}
If-else inside dictionary comprehensions
bday_data = ["Jan 2 1970", "Aug 1976", "Sept 14 2003"]
spl = [x.split() for x in bday_data]
yrs = {' '.join(x): x[2] if len(x) == 3 else "X" for x in spl}
print(yrs)
# Prints "{'Jan 2 1970': '1970', 'Aug 1976': 'X', etc...}"
t = (5, 6) # Create a tuple
print(type(t)) # Prints "<class 'tuple'>"
Lists cannot be dictionary keys, but tuples can
d = {(x, x + 1): x for x in range(10)} # Dict with tuple keys
print(d[t]) # Prints "5"
print(d[(1, 2)]) # Prints "1"
def
keyword.
def hello(name, loud=False):
if loud:
print("HELLO, {}!".format(name.upper()))
else:
print("Hello, {}".format(name))
hello('Bob') # Prints "Hello, Bob"
hello('Fred', loud=True) # Prints "HELLO, FRED!"
class
keyword.
class Greeter(object):
# Constructor
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name # Create an instance variable
# Instance method
def greet(self, loud=False):
if loud:
print("HELLO, {}!".format(self.name.upper()))
else:
print("Hello, {}".format(self.name))
g = Greeter('Fred') # Construct an instance of Greeter class
g.greet() # Call an instance method;
# prints "Hello, Fred"
import numpy as np
a = np.array([1, 2, 3]) # Create a 1-D array
print(type(a)) # Prints "<class 'numpy.ndarray'>"
print(a.shape) # Prints "(3,)"
access with square brackets
print(a[0], a[1], a[2]) # Prints "1 2 3"
a[0] = 5 # Change an element of the array
print(a) # Prints "[5, 2, 3]"
b = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]) # Create a 2-D array
print(b.shape) # Prints "(2, 3)"
print(b[0, 0], b[0, 1], b[1, 0]) # Prints "1 2 4"
a = np.zeros((2, 2)) # Create an array of all zeros
print(a) # Prints "[[ 0. 0.]
# [ 0. 0.]]"
b = np.ones((1, 2)) # Create an array of all ones
print(b) # Prints "[[ 1. 1.]]"
c = np.eye(2) # Create a 2x2 identity matrix
print(c) # Prints "[[ 1. 0.]
# [ 0. 1.]]"
e = np.random.random((2, 2)) # Create a 2x2 array
# filled with random values
# Create the following 2-D array with shape (3, 4)
# [[ 1 2 3 4]
# [ 5 6 7 8]
# [ 9 10 11 12]]
a = np.array([[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8], [9, 10, 11, 12]])
# Use slicing to pull out the subarray consisting of the
# first 2 rows and columns 1 and 2; b is the following
# array of shape (2, 2):
# [[2 3]
# [6 7]]
b = a[:2, 1:3]
# Create the following 2-D array with shape (3, 4)
# [[ 1 2 3 4]
# [ 5 6 7 8]
# [ 9 10 11 12]]
a = np.array([[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8], [9, 10, 11, 12]])
# We use boolean array indexing to construct a 1-D array
# consisting of the elements of a > 7
print(a[a > 7]) # Prints "[8 9 10 11 12]"
# Modify the array with boolean array indexing
# [[ 1 2 3 4]
# [ 5 6 7 7]
# [ 7 7 7 7]]
a[a > 7] = 7
x = np.array([1, 2]) # Let numpy choose the datatype
print(x.dtype) # Prints "int64"
x = np.array([1.0, 2.0]) # Let numpy choose the datatype
print(x.dtype) # Prints "float64"
x = np.array([1, 2],
dtype=np.int64) # Force a particular datatype
print(x.dtype) # Prints "int64"
data type objects documentation
x = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]], dtype=np.float64)
y = np.array([[5, 6], [7, 8]], dtype=np.float64)
# Elementwise sum; both produce the array
# [[ 6.0 8.0]
# [10.0 12.0]]
print(x + y)
print(np.add(x, y))
# [[ 1. 1.41421356]
# [ 1.73205081 2. ]]
print(np.sqrt(x))
*
is element-wise multiplication
dot
for inner products of vectors, vector-matrix mul, and matrices mul
x = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]], dtype=np.float64)
y = np.array([[5, 6], [7, 8]], dtype=np.float64)
# Elementwise product; both produce the array
# [[ 5.0 12.0]
# [21.0 32.0]]
print(x * y)
print(np.multiply(x, y))
# Matrix / matrix product
# [[19 22]
# [43 50]]
print(x.dot(y))
print(np.dot(x, y))
sum
x = np.array([[1,2],[3,4]])
print(np.sum(x)) # Compute sum of all elements; prints "10"
print(np.sum(x, axis=0)) # Compute sum of each column; prints "[4 6]"
print(np.sum(x, axis=1)) # Compute sum of each row; prints "[3 7]"
for other mathematical functions, read the documentation
# We will add the vector v to each row of the matrix x,
# storing the result in the matrix y
x = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9], [10, 11, 12]])
v = np.array([1, 0, 1])
y = np.empty_like(x) # Create an empty matrix with same shape as x
# Add the vector v to each row of the matrix x
for i in range(4):
y[i, :] = x[i, :] + v
# Now y is the following
# [[ 2 2 4]
# [ 5 5 7]
# [ 8 8 10]
# [11 11 13]]
print(y)
undesired, loop could be slow
x = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9], [10, 11, 12]])
v = np.array([1, 0, 1])
y = x + v # Add v to each row of x using broadcasting
print(y) # Prints "[[ 2 2 4]
# [ 5 5 7]
# [ 8 8 10]
# [11 11 13]]"
The line y = x + v
works even though x
has shape (4, 3)
and v
has shape (3,)
due to broadcasting;
read the documentation for the broadcasting rules.
Scipy builds on NumPy's multidimensional array computing resources to provide functions useful for scientific and engineering applications.
from scipy.misc import imread, imsave, imresize
img = imread('assets/cat.jpg') # Read image into numpy array
print(img.dtype, img.shape) # Prints "uint8 (400, 248, 3)"
img_tinted = img * [1, 0.95, 0.9]
Resize the image to 300 x 300 pixels
img_tinted = imresize(img_tinted, (300, 300))
imsave('assets/cat_tinted.jpg', img_tinted)
The result:
Python's plotting library. The matplotlib.pyplot module's plotting system is similar to MATLAB's.
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Compute the x and y coordinates for points on a sine curve
x = np.arange(0, 3 * np.pi, 0.1)
y = np.sin(x)
# Plot the points using matplotlib
plt.plot(x, y)
plt.show() # You must call plt.show() to make graphics appear.
Resulting plot:
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Compute the x and y coordinates for points on sine and cosine curves
x = np.arange(0, 3 * np.pi, 0.1)
y_sin = np.sin(x)
y_cos = np.cos(x)
# Plot multiple lines with labels
plt.plot(x, y_sin)
plt.plot(x, y_cos)
plt.xlabel('x axis label')
plt.ylabel('y axis label')
plt.title('Sine and Cosine')
plt.legend(['Sine', 'Cosine'])
plt.show()


A binary tree ordered by key.
Provide a collection of key-value pairs with unique and comparable keys.
A binary tree is either empty or consists of a node (called the root) and two subtrees (called the left and right subtree).
A Binary Search Tree (BST) is a binary tree in which - every node is a key-value pair, - every key in the left subtree is smaller than the root's key, - every key in the right subtree is larger than the root's key.
class BinarySearchTree:
Initialise the tree to be empty.
def __init__(self):
An empty tree has neither a root nor subtrees.
self._key = None
self._value = None
self._left = None
self._right = None
Return True if the tree is empty, otherwise False.
def is_empty(self):
return self._key is None
Return the value associated to the_key in the tree.
def value(self, the_key):
if self.is_empty():
return None
Base case: the key is in the root.
if the_key == self._key:
return self._value
Reduction step: choose the appropriate subtree. Recursive step: get the value in that subtree. Inductive step: not needed.
if the_key < self._key:
return self._left.value(the_key)
return self._right.value(the_key)
Implement the in
operator for binary search trees.
def __contains__(self, the_key):
Return True if the tree has the_key, otherwise False.
return self.value(the_key) is not None
Return the height of the tree.
def height(self):
Follow the definition in M269: The height is the maximum number of edges from the root to any leaf. The height of the empty tree is -1.
Base case: the empty tree.
if self.is_empty():
return -1
Reduction step: consider both subtrees. Recursive step: find their height.
left_height = self._left.height()
right_height = self._right.height()
Inductive step: take the maximal height, add 1 edge from the root.
return max(left_height, right_height) + 1
Do an in-order traversal of the tree.
def in_order(self):
if self.is_empty():
return []
Reduction step: consider each subtree. Recursive step: traverse each subtree.
left_keys = self._left.in_order()
right_keys = self._right.in_order()
Inductive step: put the keys in the right order
return left_keys + [self._key] + right_keys
Do a pre-order traversal of the tree.
def pre_order(self):
Return a list of the keys in the tree, in the order visited.
if self.is_empty():
return []
left_keys = self._left.pre_order()
right_keys = self._right.pre_order()
return [self._key] + left_keys + right_keys
Do a post-order traversal of the tree.
def post_order(self):
Return a list of the keys in the tree, in the order visited.
if self.is_empty():
return []
left_keys = self._left.post_order()
right_keys = self._right.post_order()
return left_keys + right_keys + [self._key]
Return the smallest key in the tree.
def smallest_key(self):
if self.is_empty():
return None
Base case: the smallest key is in the root.
if self._left.is_empty():
return self._key
Reduction step: only consider the left subtree. Recursive step: find the smallest node there. Inductive step: not needed.
return self._left.smallest_key()
Associate the_value to the_key in the tree. Return nothing.
def add(self, the_key, the_value):
Assume the_value is not None. If the tree has the_key, replace its associated value by the_value. If it hasn't, add a new node with the_key and the_value.
assert the_value is not None
Base case: if the tree is empty, create one with the key-value pair.
if self.is_empty():
self._key = the_key
self._value = the_value
self._left = BinarySearchTree()
self._right = BinarySearchTree()
else:
Base case: if the key is in the root, replace the value.
if the_key == self._key:
self._value = the_value
Reduction step: choose the appropriate subtree. Recursive step: add/replace the key-value pair there. Inductive step: nothing to do
elif the_key < self._key:
self._left.add(the_key, the_value)
else:
self._right.add(the_key, the_value)
Remove the node with the_key from the tree. Return nothing.
def remove(self, the_key):
if self.is_empty():
return
pylint: disable=protected-access
left_tree = self._left
right_tree = self._right
Base case: the key is in the root node.
if the_key == self._key:
If both subtrees are empty, removing the root empties the tree.
if left_tree.is_empty() and right_tree.is_empty():
self._key = None
self._value = None
self._left = None
self._right = None
If the tree has only one subtree, that's the new tree.
elif left_tree.is_empty():
self._key = right_tree._key
self._value = right_tree._value
self._left = right_tree._left
self._right = right_tree._right
elif right_tree.is_empty():
self._key = left_tree._key
self._value = left_tree._value
self._left = left_tree._left
self._right = left_tree._right
If the tree has two non-empty subtrees, replace the root by its successor, with the next higher key, which is the smallest node in the right subtree.
else:
self._key = right_tree.smallest_key()
self._value = right_tree.value(self._key)
right_tree.remove(self._key)
Reduction step: choose the appropriate subtree. Recursive step: delete the node from that subtree. Inductive step: nothing to do.
elif the_key < self._key:
left_tree.remove(the_key)
else:
right_tree.remove(the_key)
smallest_key()
in an iterative way.__len__
that returns the number of nodes.


CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER A film review by Mark R. Leeper Copyright 1994 Mark R. Leeper
Capsule review: This is the best spy film to be released in several years. It is also the most intelligent film in the Jack Ryan series based on the Tom Clancy novels so far. Screen credit goes to three top- notch screenwriters. There is one breath-taking action sequence, a generous dollop of government skullduggery, and a plot that will seem to be taken from headlines of recent U.S. history. This is as good as any of the James Bond films. Rating: high +2 (-4 to +4).
When the U.S. Coast Guard intercepts a derelict yacht floating in American waters, it discovers that it was the scene of a grisly set of murders. The victim was a prominent businessman and his family, all personal friends of U.S. President Bennett (Donald Moffat). Bennett is shocked and angry, particularly when investigation proves the murdered man had financial ties to Columbian drug lords. Bennett hints to his security advisors that the time has come to start striking back against the Columbian drug families. And the action taken and its results are the heart of this story.
Harrison Ford returns as Jack Ryan, and he remains a disappointing choice. Ryan is someone who should be alert, perhaps hyper-active, and should have a youthful appearance to live up to his boy scout image. Even with his character under fire, Ford seems only 90% awake. He is popular with audiences, but his acting is a liability, in my opinion. Donald Moffat returns to playing a President not unlike his Lyndon Johnson of THE RIGHT STUFF. Adding no new tricks to his bag, Harris Yulin, familiar for many roles as villains, plays National Security Advisor James Cutter. Willem Dafoe does not stretch his talents much as a commando. Anne Archer repeats her role as Cathy Ryan. Miguel Sandoval is a rather winning rich drug lord. It is probably Moffat and Sandoval who stand out as the better actors of the film. But the emphasis is more on the story than on acting.
Phillip Noyce, the director of the (recommended) thriller DEAD CALM, and the less satisfying PATRIOT GAMES does have a better script to work from in CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER. Generally a script credited to three people will have some problems, but CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER seems to suffer from this less than most such films. That could be because of who the three people are. One is John Milius who wrote films like MAGNUM FORCE, APOCALYPSE NOW, CONAN THE BARBARIAN, and general action films. Then there is Donald Stewart, veteran of MISSING and the two previous Jack Ryan films. The third writer was Steven Zaillian, whose screen credits include AWAKENINGS, PATRIOT GAMES, SEARCHING FOR BOBBY FISCHER, and SCHINDLER'S LIST. It is an unlikely trio, but it works in a script that has action and is cerebral. Somebody at Paramount was concerned about getting good writing and the screenwriting credits are as impressive as any of the other credits.
The script is good, but not perfect. Toward the end of the film the action starts becoming a little less intelligent and a little more action-oriented. In short, it becomes a little too reminiscent of James Bond films. Though an action sequence in the first third is very well done (if one ignores a touch of cliched slow motion). This one piece is the high point of the film and really leaves the audience breathless. After Ryan escapes from this trap, there is little else he does that is as impressive.  Also refreshing in the writing is the presence of a strong and intelligent woman who is clearly not present for decorative value. But what is most impressive in this film is the moral ambiguity of Ryan's position. Ryan remains the hero to the audience, but for the first time in the series, a serious case could be made that he is not acting in the best interests of the United States.
Of course the classic spy film series to date has been the James Bond series. What I think is often forgotten is that the Bond films all too often had contrived and simplistic plots.  The plots were too dependent on chase sequences and fight scenes. The other extreme is a story like TINKER, TAILOR, SOLDIER, SPY in which everything that goes on is cerebral. The Jack Ryan films are a happy medium between the two and none more so than CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER.
There are more reasons to prefer Ryan to Bond for spy films. The Bond films spend a lot of time on sexual subplots. It is fun, but it takes valuable time from the plot. It is always clear that Ryan's best working organ is between his ears. Clancy's Ryan is a happily married family man who doesn't fool around ... in any sense of the word. With that screen time out of the way, the writing has more room for intelligence (no pun intended). And unlike in Bond films which have long chase scenes, one never feels that it is action scenes alone driving the plot. The action pieces are there, but they serve the plot rather than the reverse. I think I can safely say that CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER not only has a more satisfying plot than any of the Bond films, it is even the best of the Ryan films. The basic idea of the last two films could really be told with some justice in one or two sentences each. That is most definitely not the case in CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER. The game keeps changing for Jack Ryan through the entire film. Rather than this being a two-sided game, there is the kind of chaos one gets with several sides pulling in different directions. The script makes clever use of recent U.S. history to tell parts of the story that there would not be time to tell explicitly in the film. CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER is the best spy films in several years. It also is as riveting as any Bond film ever made. I would give CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER a high +2 on the -4 to +4 scale.
Mark R. Leeper<EMAIL_ADDRESS>.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


|
DataStructures
|
Implements a double linked-list Characteristics: Non-contiguous Space Complexity: O(n) Time Complexity: More...
#include <DoubleLinkedList.h>
Classes | |
| struct | NodeDouble |
| Internal implementation of a node. More... | |
Public Types | |
| using | node_type = struct NodeDouble |
Public Member Functions | |
| LinkedListDouble ()=default | |
| Default Constructor. More... | |
| ~LinkedListDouble () | |
| Destructor. More... | |
| LinkedListDouble (const LinkedListDouble &other) | |
| Copy Constructor. More... | |
| LinkedListDouble & | operator= (const LinkedListDouble &other) |
| Copy assignment operator. More... | |
| LinkedListDouble | reverse (void) |
| Reverses the list. More... | |
| void | destroy (void) |
| Destroy all elements. More... | |
| node_type * | head (void) |
| Retrieves the head of the list. More... | |
| const node_type * | head (void) const |
| Retrieves the head of the list. More... | |
| node_type * | tail (void) |
| Retrieves the tail of the list. More... | |
| const node_type * | tail (void) const |
| Retrieves the tail of the list. More... | |
| node_type * | find (const T &val) |
| Searches for an element O(N) More... | |
| node_type * | push_front (const T &val) |
| Add a new element to the front (new head) O(1) More... | |
| void | pop_front () |
| Erase an element from the front (new head) O(1) More... | |
| node_type * | push_back (const T &val) |
| Add a new element to the back (new tail) O(1) More... | |
| void | pop_back () |
| Erase an element from the back (new tail) O(1) More... | |
| node_type * | insert_after (node_type *prev_node, const T &val) |
| Insert an element at a node position O(N) e.g., [2] -> [5] becomes [2] -> [4] -> [5]. More... | |
| void | erase (node_type *node) |
| Deletes an existing node O(N) More... | |
| void | print (void) const |
| Logs the container. More... | |
Protected Member Functions | |
| void | clone (LinkedListDouble &newcontainer, const LinkedListDouble &oldcontainer) |
| Clone the container. More... | |
Protected Attributes | |
| node_type * | m_head = { nullptr } |
| node_type * | m_tail = { nullptr } |
Implements a double linked-list Characteristics: Non-contiguous Space Complexity: O(n) Time Complexity:
| T | the data type of the elements |
| using DS::LinkedListDouble< T >::node_type = struct NodeDouble |
|
default |
Default Constructor.
| DS::LinkedListDouble< T >::~LinkedListDouble | ( | ) |
Destructor.
| DS::LinkedListDouble< T >::LinkedListDouble | ( | const LinkedListDouble< T > & | other | ) |
Copy Constructor.
| other | the container to copy |
|
protected |
Clone the container.
| newcontainer | the new container |
| oldcontainer | the old container |
| void DS::LinkedListDouble< T >::destroy | ( | void | ) |
Destroy all elements.
| void DS::LinkedListDouble< T >::erase | ( | node_type * | node | ) |
Deletes an existing node O(N)
| node | the node to delete |
| LinkedListDouble< T >::node_type * DS::LinkedListDouble< T >::find | ( | const T & | val | ) |
Searches for an element O(N)
| val | the data of the node |
|
inline |
Retrieves the head of the list.
|
inline |
Retrieves the head of the list.
| LinkedListDouble< T >::node_type * DS::LinkedListDouble< T >::insert_after | ( | node_type * | prev_node, |
| const T & | val | ||
| ) |
Insert an element at a node position O(N) e.g., [2] -> [5] becomes [2] -> [4] -> [5].
| prev_node | the previous node |
| val | the data of the new node |
| LinkedListDouble< T > & DS::LinkedListDouble< T >::operator= | ( | const LinkedListDouble< T > & | other | ) |
Copy assignment operator.
| other | the container to copy assign |
| void DS::LinkedListDouble< T >::pop_back | ( | ) |
Erase an element from the back (new tail) O(1)
| void DS::LinkedListDouble< T >::pop_front | ( | ) |
Erase an element from the front (new head) O(1)
| void DS::LinkedListDouble< T >::print | ( | void | ) | const |
Logs the container.
| LinkedListDouble< T >::node_type * DS::LinkedListDouble< T >::push_back | ( | const T & | val | ) |
Add a new element to the back (new tail) O(1)
| val | the data of the new node |
| LinkedListDouble< T >::node_type * DS::LinkedListDouble< T >::push_front | ( | const T & | val | ) |
Add a new element to the front (new head) O(1)
| val | the data of the new node |
| LinkedListDouble< T > DS::LinkedListDouble< T >::reverse | ( | void | ) |
Reverses the list.
|
inline |
Retrieves the tail of the list.
|
inline |
Retrieves the tail of the list.
|
protected |
|
protected |


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{{ page.title }}
We currently do not offer a server-side implementation for Java.
We currently do not offer a server-side implementation for PHP.
{{ content }}
{% if page.next_page_url %}
{% endif %}


The Electrical Power Supply, or EPS of the CubeSat is composed by three modules which are the PCC (Power Control Circuit), the PV (photovoltaic panel) and the BAT (Battery). The role of the EPS is to generate, store and distribute the electricity produced by the solar panels.
PCC is responsible for the voltage regulation, the modules protection and the energy distribution. In others words, it has to manage the energy through the ECE3Sat. It communicates with the OBC, thanks to a microcontroller.
The PV has to generate the electricity using the sunlight and the photovoltaic effect. This will be possible thanks to five solar panels, on each side of the CubeSat.
The BAT module has to store this energy to enable its using at any time.


138
Give Thanks to the LORD
OF DAVID.
1 I give you thanks, O LORD, with my whole heart;
before the gods I sing your praise;
2 I bow down toward your holy temple
and give thanks to your name for your steadfast love and your faithfulness,
for you have exalted above all things
your name and your word.
3 On the day I called, you answered me;
my strength of soul you increased. 3
4 All the kings of the earth shall give you thanks, O LORD,
for they have heard the words of your mouth,
5 and they shall sing of the ways of the LORD,
for great is the glory of the LORD.
6 For though the LORD is high, he regards the lowly,
but the haughty he knows from afar.
7 Though I walk in the midst of trouble,
you preserve my life;
you stretch out your hand against the wrath of my enemies,
and your right hand delivers me.
8 The LORD will fulfill his purpose for me;
your steadfast love, O LORD, endures forever.
Do not forsake the work of your hands.


Hello, logged in user!
Hello, anonymous!
Uncomment the examples in the index.php file to discover more about this simple view parser


Linux Hints for SCHISM¶
Using Linux from Windows¶
You will need tools to:
connect to the Linux server that serves as a gateway, sometimes called a server or on clusters or supercomputers often called the head node.
for graphical applications with windows like browsers and some text editors, you may need something called “XWindow Emulation”.
A method to copy files back and forth fast, usually with a secure (ssh) method
often you will want to set up an efficient text editor (Visual Studio Code) and VisIT both of which
adopt a client-server approach to viewing or working on things in Windows that are located on Linux (the server)
Basic connection¶
The simplest tools is PutTy, which can also handle passwordless login using rsa tokens. MobaXTerm is an all-in-one tool that can also handle this task (??).
Copying files¶
Copying between Windows and Linux is best done using WinSCP, which piggybacks on Putty. Two side benefits of WinSCP is that you can use your windows-side text editor on Linux-side files just by clicking, though this is only going to work well if the file is a managable size. The copies are faster than other tools and the filter options are very efficient at narrowing down what you are looking at in a directory with hundreds of fi. Two particularly convenient filters are these:
sta*;flow*;flux* # For viewing station outout files and output requests
.gr3;.ic;*.in;*.ll;*.prop;*.nml;*.2d;*.3d;*.clinic;*.tropic;readme*;make_links* | nlayer*.gr3;split_quad.prop
XWindow Emulation¶
You can do this with MobaXTerm, Xming, vcxsrv. These tools provide an engine to emulate graphics. These are free products. There may be commercial alternatives such as Hummingbird Exceed. XWindows can be slow with some remote servers or connections, and that may not be something your emulation software can speed up. For text editing this is the reason a lot of us use VS Code, which uses a client-server approach where the graphics are actually done locally on windows.
All-in-one: MobaXTerm¶
MobaXTerm provides an all-in-one approach to the above tasks, but note that it is markedly inferior at some of them. In particular, it is orders of magnitude slower copying files because it uses a slower protocol and it lacks good filtering so you have to wait for it to scan directories with thousands of files. As with WinSCP, it can open a file for editing using local Windows editors, but since the copying is slower the restrictions will be a bit more severe. Anyhow, it is an interesting option and does basic terminal work and connections well.
Copying a Run Safely¶
Do NOT use the linux copy command ‘cp’ to copy a run. A considerable amount of information, particularly symbolic links, will be lost. Instead use rsync:
Basic command: `rsync -avz /path/to/original_sim/ /path_to_dest/
The trailing slash on original_sim/ is important. There are many explanations online: search ‘rsync trailing slash’.
Symbolic links will be preserved.
If you want to move rather than copy, use –remove-source-files
Usually, you will want to void copying heavy outputs with –exclude option. You can stack them. Examples are:
–exclude=’outputs*’ omits any directory starting with outputs, in which case you will have to create a new one.
–exclude=’outputs.tropic*’ omits an extra alternative directory, which you may have created and moved to a new name.
–exclude=’outputs/*.nc’ leaves staout_1 through staout_9 and flux.out, needed for restarting using ihot=2.
–exclude=’outputs/nonfatal*’ omits the nonfatal error messsages, which can be big but will be overwritten by new runs.
Change the name of the run in launch.pbs files to something short and informative.
Change the contact email in launch.pbs.
At this point if the prior simulation was runable the new one should be.
Special Case: Remote Computer Using RSA Keys¶
We run into this case a lot when copying data from, say, an Azure virtual cluster in a situation where password authentication is not used.
rsync -e ‘ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa_name’ -avz myname@<IP_ADDRESS>:/shared/home/myname/simulations/sim_name/ local_sim_name/ –exclude=’outputs.tropic*’ –exclude=’outputs/*.nc’
Symbolic links¶
Archives and Tarballs¶
Essential commands in a SCHISM context¶
Countless Linux introductions are available online, including some excellent cheat sheets like this. Once you know the commands or vocabulary, it is easy to get more information. You will need cd, ls
- cd some_dir
Go to the named directory, which may be relative or absolute. Consider pushd some_dir instead if you want to go somewhere temporarily such as to recompile, and then return (with popd)
- df -h
List total disk use and availability (ie, is there room for a run?)
- du -h | sort -n -s
List disk usage in human readable form starting at the point where launched and “pipe” the output to the sort command which lists the results from large to small (ie, how much room have I used here)
- find . -name ‘hotstart_000???_*.nc’
Find files that match the pattern, with ? matching a single character. Numerous options to take action like deleting.
- grep
Finds a word or phrase in the contents of files or a string. For instance, grep nday param*.nml will give you all the lines with nday in it in all the files matching the wildcard param*.nml (check the end day; use start_ to get the start year, month, day).
- ls -al
This variant of the file listing command ls shows dates as welll as symbolic link targets relationships
- pwd
Name of the current directory
- scp
Another fast, secure copying tool based on ssh.
- tail -n 15
Look at the last 15 lines of a file, default 10. Add -f to keep updating, for instance do this with outputs/mirror.out to check if run is chugging along.


{% extends 'all-photos/base.html' %} {% block content %} {{block.super}}
{{img.description}}
Located at:{{img.location.photo_location }}
Posted on: {{img.post_date|timesince}} ago


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$1C/28: Flag for disk change, drive 0 ROM-Reference: LDA $1C : $EC51 LSR $1C,X : $C643 STA $1C : $EBB8 $F9AF STA $1C,X : $D071 Previous Page / Next Page


45 former rebels in Pampanga gain livelihood aid
by Romeo DizonSan Fernando, Pampanga—A financial assistance package worth P360,000 and jobs were given to 45 rebel returnees who surrendered to the government Wednesday.
Police Brig. Gen. Trodel Sermonia, newly designated regional director of the Police Regional Office 3 in Central Luzon, said the rebel returnees received an initial P15,000 each from Gov. Dennis Pineda after they were presented to him during a simple ceremony here.
Pineda urged the former rebels to take advantage of the health and education program of the provincial government, which includes their family members.
“The rebel returnees belong to the ‘white areas’ who do not carry own firearms but are involved only in legal front groups, which aim to tarnish the government’s reputation,” Sermonia said.
Myrvi Apostol-Fabian, Provincial Director of the Department of the Interior and Local Government in Central Luzon, said the ex-rebels would receive another P15,000 and P50,000 as livelihood assistance soon.
Fabia said the returnees will only get the P50,000 livelihood assistance from the Enhanced Comprehensive Local Integration Program after getting clearance from a joint Armed Forces of the Philippines-Philippine National Police panel.
To fully enjoy their integration into society, the government will also help them get Postal IDs and other valid identification by facilitating their birth and marriage registrations.
Upon integration, the returnees will be enrolled with the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority to acquire skills and knowledge for employment, livelihood and business ventures, Fabia added.


background-clip: border-box;
Border-box will allow the background to extend beneath the border.
background-clip: padding-box;
Padding-box will allow the background to extend to the inside edges of the border.
background-clip: content-box;
Content-box will clip the background to the edges of the content so it disregards any margin or padding you might have.
background-clip: text;


// Boost.Geometry (aka GGL, Generic Geometry Library) // // Copyright Barend Gehrels 2007-2009, Geodan, Amsterdam, the Netherlands // Copyright Bruno Lalande 2008, 2009 // Use, modification and distribution is subject to the Boost Software License, // Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at // http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) // // Custom Linestring Example #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <vector> #include <boost/geometry/geometry.hpp> #include <boost/geometry/geometries/register/point.hpp> #include <boost/geometry/geometries/register/linestring.hpp> // To register the 'geographic' distance function to calculate distance over the earth: #include <boost/geometry/extensions/gis/geographic/strategies/andoyer.hpp> #include <boost/geometry/algorithms/parse.hpp> // Define a GPS point with coordinates in latitude/longitude and some additional values struct gps_point { double latitude, longitude, height; double speed; // Date/time, heading, etc could be added // The default constructor is required if being used in a vector gps_point() {} // Define a constructor to create the point in one line. Order of latitude/longitude // does not matter as long as "E", "N", etc are included gps_point(std::string const& c1, std::string const& c2, double h, double s) : height(h) , speed(s) { boost::geometry::parse(*this, c1, c2); } }; // Declare a custom linestring which will have the GPS points struct gps_track : std::vector<gps_point> { std::string owner; int route_identifier; // etc gps_track(int i, std::string const& o) : owner(o) , route_identifier(i) {} }; // Register this point as being a recognizable point by the GGL BOOST_GEOMETRY_REGISTER_POINT_2D(gps_point, double, cs::geographic<degree>, longitude, latitude) // Register the track as well, as being a "linestring" BOOST_GEOMETRY_REGISTER_LINESTRING(gps_track) int main() { // Declare a "GPS Track" and add some GPS points gps_track track(23, "Mister G"); track.push_back(gps_point("52 22 23 N", "4 53 32 E", 50, 180)); track.push_back(gps_point("52 10 00 N", "4 59 59 E", 110, 170)); track.push_back(gps_point("52 5 20 N", "5 6 56 E", 0, 90)); std::cout << "track: " << track.route_identifier << std::endl << "from: " << track.owner << std::endl << "as wkt: " << boost::geometry::dsv(track) << std::endl << "length: " << boost::geometry::length(track)/1000.0 << " km" << std::endl; // Above gives the idea, shows that custom linestrings can be useful. // We could of course do anything with this track which the library can handle, e.g.: // - simplify it // - calculate distance of point-to-line // - project it to UTM, then transform it to a GIF image (see p03_example) return 0; }
|
December 1, 2009 |
Copyright © 1995-2009 Barend Gehrels, Geodan, Amsterdam Copyright © 2008-2009 Bruno Lalande, Paris Copyright © 2009 Mateusz Loskot, Cadcorp, London |


Next: null (System Class), Previous: Conses Dictionary, Up: Conses Dictionary
A list is a chain of conses in which the car of each cons is an element of the list, and the cdr of each cons is either the next link in the chain or a terminating atom.
A proper list is a chain of conses terminated by the empty list , (), which is itself a proper list. A dotted list is a list which has a terminating atom that is not the empty list. A circular list is a chain of conses that has no termination because some cons in the chain is the cdr of a later cons.
Dotted lists and circular lists are also lists, but usually the unqualified term "list" within this specification means proper list. Nevertheless, the type list unambiguously includes dotted lists and circular lists.
For each element of a list there is a cons. The empty list has no elements and is not a cons.
The types cons and null form an exhaustive partition of the type list.


Got any questions about RSWA? Give us a shout!
I am a student of Computer Science at Liverpool Hope University who has spent the summer of 2013 interning at ScraperWiki, a data science startup in Liverpool, England. I also work for MakeUseOf as a staff writer. You can get in touch with me at the links below!


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public interface NoteDao
Note
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
static int |
TRANSFORM_NONE
This constant is used as a transformation flag; entities can be converted automatically into
value objects or other types, different methods in a class implementing this interface
support this feature: look for an
int parameter called transform . |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
Collection<Note> |
create(Collection<Note> entities)
Creates a new instance of Note and adds from the passed in
entities collection |
Collection<?> |
create(int transform,
Collection<Note> entities)
Does the same thing as
create(Note) with an additional flag called
transform . |
Object |
create(int transform,
Note note)
Does the same thing as
create(Note) with an additional flag called
transform . |
Note |
create(Note note)
Creates an instance of Note and adds it to the persistent store.
|
void |
evict(Note entity)
Evicts (removes) the entity from the hibernate cache
|
Note |
findLatestNote()
Returns the note with highest ID.
|
Note |
findNearestNote(long noteId,
Date creationDate,
boolean younger)
Returns the nearest note to the given Id.
|
Note |
forceLoad(Long id)
Load a note from the persistent store, even if it is cached.
|
Long |
getAutosave(Long userId,
Long noteId,
Long parentNoteId,
Collection<StringPropertyFilter> filters)
Tries to find an autosaved note of the given user.
|
Collection<Long> |
getFavoriteNoteIds(Long userId,
Long lowerBound,
Long upperBound)
Returns the favorite notes of the given user within the given range.
|
List<Long> |
getNoteIdsOfDiscussion(Long discussionId)
Returns the IDs of the notes of the discussion.
|
List<Note> |
getNotesByTag(Long tagId) |
long |
getNotesCount()
Gets the count of all notes
|
List<Note> |
getNotesForBlog(Long blogId,
Long firstNoteId,
Integer limit) |
List<Note> |
getNotesOfUser(Long userId) |
int |
getNumberOfFavorites(Long noteId)
Returns how often a note is favorized.
|
boolean |
hasInconsistentTopics(Long discussionId,
Long topicId)
Test whether a discussion has notes which do not have the provided topic.
|
Object |
load(int transform,
Long id)
Does the same thing as
load(Long) with an additional flag called
transform . |
Note |
load(Long id)
Loads an instance of Note from the persistent store.
|
Collection<Note> |
loadAll()
Loads all entities of type
Note . |
Collection<?> |
loadAll(int transform)
Does the same thing as
loadAll() with an additional flag called
transform . |
void |
moveToTopic(Long discussionId,
Blog newTopic)
Moves the given discussion to the given topic.
|
void |
remove(Collection<Note> entities)
Removes all entities in the given
entities |
void |
remove(Long id)
Removes the instance of Note having the given
identifier from the persistent
store. |
void |
remove(Note note)
Removes the instance of Note from the persistent store.
|
void |
update(Collection<Note> entities)
Updates all instances in the
entities collection in the persistent store. |
void |
update(Note note)
Updates the
note instance in the persistent store. |
void |
updateFollowableItems(Note note,
boolean updateChildren)
Updates the followableItems of a Note to the current settings.
|
static final int TRANSFORM_NONE
int
parameter called transform
.
This specific flag denotes no transformation will occur.Collection<Note> create(Collection<Note> entities)
entities
collectionentities
- the collection of Note instances to create.Collection<?> create(int transform, Collection<Note> entities)
Does the same thing as create(Note)
with an additional flag called
transform
. If this flag is set to TRANSFORM_NONE
then the returned
entity will NOT be transformed. If this flag is any of the other constants
defined here then the result WILL BE passed through an operation which can
optionally transform the entities (into value objects for example). By default,
transformation does not occur.
Object create(int transform, Note note)
Does the same thing as create(Note)
with an additional flag called
transform
. If this flag is set to TRANSFORM_NONE
then the returned
entity will NOT be transformed. If this flag is any of the other constants
defined here then the result WILL BE passed through an operation which can
optionally transform the entity (into a value object for example). By default, transformation
does not occur.
void evict(Note entity)
entity
- the entity to evictNote findLatestNote()
Returns the note with highest ID.
Note findNearestNote(long noteId, Date creationDate, boolean younger)
Returns the nearest note to the given Id.
Note forceLoad(Long id)
id
- the ID of the note to loadLong getAutosave(Long userId, Long noteId, Long parentNoteId, Collection<StringPropertyFilter> filters)
Tries to find an autosaved note of the given user. If noteId is not null the returned autosave was created during an edit operation of that note. If noteId is null and parentNoteId is not null the returned autosave was created during an answer operation on that note.
Collection<Long> getFavoriteNoteIds(Long userId, Long lowerBound, Long upperBound)
Returns the favorite notes of the given user within the given range.
List<Long> getNoteIdsOfDiscussion(Long discussionId)
Returns the IDs of the notes of the discussion. The result does not include the root note of the discussion.
long getNotesCount()
Gets the count of all notes
List<Note> getNotesForBlog(Long blogId, Long firstNoteId, Integer limit)
int getNumberOfFavorites(Long noteId)
Returns how often a note is favorized.
noteId
- the note to checkboolean hasInconsistentTopics(Long discussionId, Long topicId)
discussionId
- ID of the discussiontopicId
- the ID of the topic to testObject load(int transform, Long id)
Does the same thing as load(Long)
with an additional flag called
transform
. If this flag is set to TRANSFORM_NONE
then the returned
entity will NOT be transformed. If this flag is any of the other constants
defined in this class then the result WILL BE passed through an operation
which can optionally transform the entity (into a value object for example). By default,
transformation does not occur.
id
- the identifier of the entity to load.Collection<Note> loadAll()
Note
.Collection<?> loadAll(int transform)
Does the same thing as loadAll()
with an additional flag called
transform
. If this flag is set to TRANSFORM_NONE
then the returned
entity will NOT be transformed. If this flag is any of the other constants
defined here then the result WILL BE passed through an operation which can
optionally transform the entity (into a value object for example). By default, transformation
does not occur.
transform
- the flag indicating what transformation to use.void moveToTopic(Long discussionId, Blog newTopic)
discussionId
- The discussion to move.newTopic
- The new topic of the discussion.void remove(Collection<Note> entities)
entities collection.
void remove(Long id)
identifier
from the persistent
store.void remove(Note note)
void update(Collection<Note> entities)
entities
collection in the persistent store.void update(Note note)
note
instance in the persistent store.void updateFollowableItems(Note note, boolean updateChildren)
Updates the followableItems of a Note to the current settings. Should be called after the note was updated/created.
updateChildren
- If true, childrens will be updated too.Copyright © 2019 Communote team. All rights reserved.


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{% extends "hnfp/index.html" %} {% load static %} {% block outer_content %} {{ title }} {{ subtitle }} Head to your Dashboard Search for Jobs Make your own Map View & Report Road Conditions Contribute to the Forum View Weather Conditions & Alerts {% endblock outer_content %}
Head to your Dashboard
Search for Jobs
Make your own Map
View & Report Road Conditions
Contribute to the Forum
View Weather Conditions & Alerts


Concerns grow for woman missing in Glasgow for a week
Elaine McAlonan hasn't gone missing before and her family want to make sure she's okay.
by Kathleen SpeirsOfficers searching for missing woman Elaine McAlonan say they are concerned for her welfare.
Elaine, 42, was reported missing from the Summerston area of Glasgow .
She was last seen on Glenavon Road at around 10.45am on October 27.
Sergeant Gavin Murray said: "Elaine hasn't gone missing before and her family want to make sure she's okay.
"We're appealing to anyone who has seen Elaine to contact us.
"Similarly if Elaine is reading this, let us know you are safe and well.
Elaine is described as five foot, six inches tall, with a slim build and light brown, blonde hair tied in a ponytail.
She was last seen wearing a light cream coloured jacket, blue zipper top and jeans.
Anyone with information can contact police on 101 quoting incident number 2539 of October, 30 2019.


--- layout: post title: "My Week in Review" date: 2016-06-19 08:05:00 +0000 tags: image: https://s3.amazonaws.com/audreywatters/2016-06-19-sunset.jpg imagecredits: https://www.flickr.com/photos/surreal_badger/27698233771/in/dateposted-public/ ---
Icon credits: The Noun Project


UNIVERSAL SOLDIER A review in the public domain by The Phantom<EMAIL_ADDRESS>If you watch any television at all, you have by now likely seen over a dozen commercials for this summer's latest action/exploitation film, UNIVERSAL SOLDIER. The commercials look good -- great stunts -- and they sound good -- with T2's soundtrack in the background, no less -- and they even manage to show us brief glimpses of Dolph Lundgren doing something other than standing in one place looking like he's waiting for someone to change his batteries. But yet something doesn't seem quite right, does it? Something -- talent? inspiration? originality? -- seems to be missing, and even the studio's advertising department seems to know it, given the strange come-on we get in at least some of the commercials: that UNIVERSAL SOLDIER is from the same studios that brought us TOTAL RECALL and T2.
Telling the Phantom that a film is "from the studios that brought you TOTAL RECALL and TERMINATOR 2" is like telling a gourmet that a restaurant is "on the same block as The Four Seasons"; it's an interesting fact, but good neighbors do not a good dining experience make -- it's what's in the kitchen that counts.
The latest from Tri-Star and Carolco is intended to be a quickie ripoff of other, better films, one of which -- TERMINATOR 2 -- was in fact distributed and backed by this studio and production company last year. In this, UNIVERSAL SOLDIER succeeds: it is, indeed, from the people who once brought us a much better film, and it is, indeed, a quickie ripoff of at least part of that film.  (The Phantom is no particular phan of either, though he did enjoy BLOODSPORT some years ago. And of course, he is by now well versed in decoding the deceptive advertising surrounding most Hollywood product; he would also like to note that the Phantom's law of print advertising has once again proven correct: the print ads for UNIVERSAL SOLDIER do indeed look as hastily prepared and as ill-conceived as the film itself.)
Changing metaphors for a moment, if action films were parts of a city, then T2 would be the Empire State Building; UNIVERSAL SOLDIER, on the other hand, is more on the scale of the little newsstand located across the street. So why the slide from the observation deck of big-budget American action film perfection to the sub-basement of the teeming, direct-to-video hordes? The most likely reason is that Carolco isn't in off the ledge of near-bankruptcy just yet, and money is still tight; perhaps it will be talked back in by the studio suicide squad (still distraught from Orion's recent plunge to the sidewalk of insolvency some weeks ago), but it's likely to be out on that ledge for some time, listening to the cries of "Jump!", "Jump!" and watching battalions of lawyers scurrying this way and that (looking very much like ants) thirty floors below. While we wait to see if Carolco leaves an over-leveraged dent in the sidewalk and joins Cannon, DEG and Vestron in that great independent studio in the sky, we can be sure that there will be no more $100 million Schwarzenegger epics for quite some time -- at least not "from the studios that brought you TOTAL RECALL and TERMINATOR 2."
Instead we get UNIVERSAL SOLDIER, complete with the top two Schwarzenegger wannabes, each with a less intelligible accent and each with less acting ability, but neither with enough box office clout to command a Scharwzenegger-sized percentage of the gross. Add to the mix a sure-fire plot (or rather, pieces of two different sure-fire plots); a director whose film is going direct-to-theater for the first time in his rather short career; pump up the audience's expectations with some clever advertising and bits and pieces of T2's score lifted from the cutting room floor; and you've got product that can't possibly miss -- provided you spend nearly as much on advertising as you do on the rest of the production. It's going to be 4 weeks and out for UNIVERSAL SOLDIER, so timing is all. Get it in the theaters as BATMAN is cresting and as LETHAL 3 is waning, but before the major studios have time to gear up for their August releases, and you're assured of at least making back your production costs before the film hits video and foreign distribution in six months; the rest is gravy.
(THE LAST BOY SCOUT used this same strategy last summer, to similar effect. We B-movie phans will take our death and destruction whenever and wherever we can get it, even if it means that we have to watch Bruce Willis remind us once again of how difficult it is to make a good action film.)
Of course, there's nothing wrong with a film being a quickie ripoff -- after all, some of the best action and horror films of all time have been nothing more than low-budget first-attempts by talented but unknown directors. John Carpenter, George Miller, Joel and Ethan Coen, and John McNaughton may be well-known and -respected these days, but it wasn't so long ago that they were all struggling young filmmakers with a passion for the offbeat. Their drop-dead first films show how much can be accomplished without Hollywood backing, distribution, or financing.
There is, however, something wrong with UNIVERSAL SOLDIER, and it has nothing to do with financing, though it does have something to do with Hollywood: UNIVERSAL SOLDIER is terminally dumb. And when it's not dumb, it's outright silly, which is even worse. B-movie phans know that things can be nonsensical in a horror or action film; things can be obscure; things can even be dumbfounding. What they can't be is any dumber or sillier than they have to be -- or if they are, then the films have to be so skillfully made that the audience never notices.
Well, in UNIVERSAL SOLDIER we notice; and that's the problem in a nutshell (if one can call 1000 words -- and counting -- a nutshell): we're never able to sufficiently suspend our disbelief and really get into the film. As a result, all we can do is notice Van Damme's incredibly bad acting (or incredibly good acting, assuming that his intention was to impersonate a bridge support), the non-existent rapport between him and Lundgren, and the general air of insufficient funds that surrounds the production. They do send a semi off a cliff, and they do blow up a gas station, but other than that there's little to differentiate UNIVERSAL SOLDIER from any of a number of bad direct-to-video action flicks.
And that's a real shame, since the premise seemed so full of possibilities. The basic idea behind UNIVERSAL SOLDIER is that the government has saved the bodies of dead soldiers from the Vietnam war era and developed a serum which both keeps the bodies in peak condition and turns the soldiers' minds into complete blanks. (Given the need to cast such a film, the choice of Van Damme and Lundgren should be obvious.) After being injected with the magic serum, the soldiers can perform super-human acts, such as swimming at high speed up to a dam without getting their clothes wet; pushing a car at 30 miles per hour down a desert road without getting covered with dust; jumping through supporting walls in a motel without causing the entire structure to collapse; and repeatedly getting in and out of a ridiculous-looking semi that looks to have been left over from a TEENAGE MUTANT NINJA TURTLES episode. (Though Van Damme and Lundgren are as interchangeable as any two of the turtles -- we don't even get different color bandannas to tell them apart -- Shredder was nowhere in sight. Thoughts of hitting rock bottom and being in the sewer did cross the Phantom's mind more than once, however.)
The problem is that the serum doesn't work well enough, and occasional thoughts and brief moments of real acting ability appear in both Lundgren and Van Damme as each relives his final minutes of mortal combat in a very domestic-looking Vietnamese village. (Lundgren is the crazy, evil, bad sergeant who has definite Mai Lai tendencies; Van Damme is the innocent farm boy who tries to save one of the villagers.) These brief moments are stolen shamelessly from the much better film ROBOCOP, though instead of humanizing the Universal Soldiers they exist only to provide a pretext for Lundgren to go completely berserk and start hunting down Van Damme at all costs. At this point, the filmmakers jettison most of the science fiction aspect of the film and reduce it to a typical -- and tedious -- "superhuman good guy vs. superhuman bad guy" flick. There is never any sense of the place of this technology in future society, as there was in ROBOCOP or TOTAL RECALL; instead, it's used as a gimmick and as a prop, and it is in general dispensed with at the earliest possible opportunity.
Before this happens, however, another problem surfaces -- one that should probably have been considered more carefully before it was tossed into UNIVERSAL SOLDIER'S script. It seems that too much activity causes the soldiers to overheat, and in the case of Van Damme, to suffer from Michael Douglas Syndrome: the uncontrollable urge to show the audience your naked rear end. Fortunately, a quick restorative nap in the freezer section of the Evil Scientist's Semi of Doom or, alternatively, burying yourself under bags of ice from free and convenient gas station and motel ice dispensers helps to cool things off. Thus, the Universal Soldiers can never be separated from either the Evil Semi of Doom or a roadside motel for too long, and thus do the filmmakers inflict the first of many incidents of extreme dumbness on their hapless audience.  (Phans of the classic disaster spoof THE BIG BUS will know exactly why the Phantom was giggling in his popcorn; fortunately for the filmmakers, most of the film's target audience will be about a decade too young to remember that paragon of silliness.)
UNIVERSAL SOLDIER might have been a good cat and mouse film (like THE HITCHER) had it stayed away from the Evil Scientist shenanigans and left the Van of Doom in the garage; it could have been a decent ROBOCOP or MANIAC COP ripoff had it lost Van Damme altogether and concentrated on the havoc a run-amok Universal Dolph might cause; but alas, UNIVERSAL SOLDIER incorporates both too little and too much of these ideas into a badly blended stew of action and science fiction. ALIEN 3 stumbled earlier this year in much the same way, and it now stands as one of the most ill-conceived action/horror sequels of all time. UNIVERSAL SOLDIER is not, at least, a sequel to anything, and given the lukewarm audience reaction as the closing credits rolled, the chances that UNIVERSAL SOLDIER 2 will be made are -- fortunately -- vanishingly slim.
Some months ago the Phantom panned BASIC INSTINCT as an overwrought and extremely silly naked lesbian ice-pick killer flick; however, at least BASIC INSTINCT was competently made. Verhoeven may have a singularly repellent vision, but at least he *has* a vision, and one that shows clearly in his films. UNIVERSAL SOLDIER has the look of a film that sprang not from someone's imagination but rather from a corporate board room, with more attention given to an accountant's ledger than to the film's near-illiterate script. That's the real problem with UNIVERSAL SOLDIER: more than the general air of penny-pinching that surrounds the film; more than the complete inability of either Lundgren or Van Damme to act -- even in the most rudimentary sense as mindless, brainwashed automatons; more than the loopy Evil Van of Doom; the film suffers from a real lack of vision -- a distressing lack of the kind of energy needed to keep any action film moving and to keep B-movie audiences interested.
UNIVERSAL SOLDIER makes one forget why one thought that LETHAL 3 had any problems at all; in fact, the Phantom plans to see Mel and friends one more time this summer, if only to see how it should be done. Even though it's far from perfect, LETHAL 3 is simply in a different class than UNIVERSAL SOLDIER, and between it, BATMAN and Clint Eastwood's very good-looking western coming next month, only die-hard Van Damme phans will want to go out of their way to see UNIVERSAL SOLDIER, a film that -- sadly -- doesn't even deserve to be in the same sentence as the words "die hard".
: The Phantom<EMAIL_ADDRESS>: cmcl2!panix!sbb
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Before you can start using Code Co-op, you have to configure it for collaboration. You have to tell it whether you are the first person to use it, or if you're joining a team of developers who are already using Code Co-op. You also have to specify how you want your computer to communicate with others (e-mail or LAN).
When you are ready to configure Code Co-op follow this link. But first read on...
The simplest and most common configuration is E-mail Peer. As an e-mail peer, your Code Co-op will communicate with other Code Co-op project members using e-mail. You'd be surprised how fast e-mail communication could be. The advantage of e-mail over direct Internet connection (peer-to-peer) is that e-mail servers can store messages. So even if two computers are never on-line at the same time, they can still exchange messages.
Code Co-op dispatcher may use Outlook or Outlook Express as its e-mail client (using MAPI protocol). A better solution is to use the Dispatcher's built-in e-mail client, which communicates with the e-mail server directly (using SMTP/POP3 protocol). If you don't have a dedicated e-mail account for Code Co-op, you can use a free Gmail account instead.
Collaboration over a Local Area Network is available only in the version Pro of Code Co-op. On a LAN, you have to designate one computer as a Hub. This doesn't have to be a server, it can be any machine that is on most of the time. All other Code Co-op machines on the LAN must be configured as Satellites.
All Code Co-op exchanges within the Local Area Network pass through the Hub. You can also configure the Hub to use e-mail to communicate with the external world. The external world could be e-mail peers, or other remote Hubs. For instance, portable laptops are usually configured as e-mail peers, so they can connect to a project from anywhere.
Once you join collaboration on a Code Co-op project, your computer will contain a full replica of the project database: all of its files including their history. You can check files out and modify them even if you are not connected to the Internet. You only need the connection when you are ready to check your changes in.
Code Co-op is a full-function version constrol system. It lets you modify project files, keeps track of all versions, and makes your changes visible to other collaborators.
Code Co-op tries to keep the impression of a single development line, with interleaved contributions from all collaborators. It keeps branching and merging to the very minimum (although it offers full support for these operations).
Each Code Co-op project appears as a directory (or a tree of directories) on your disk. If you already have files that form a development project, you can start a Code Co-op project in place. Or you can start an empty project and add files (and subdirectories) later.
You can join an existing Code Co-op project, either by asking the project administrator to send you an Invitation, or by sending a Join Request to any project member.
Next: Starting and Joining Projects >
The minimal development cycle in Code Co-op consists of three stages:
You may accept changes from other project members at any time--they arrive as soon as other members make their check-ins. If the changes modify some of the files you are currently editing, the built-in merger performs the merges. You have to accept all pending changes before making your check-in.
After setup, you should see this icon on your desktop--the shortcut to Code Co-op. Double-click on it to start the program. Also notice the dispatcher icon on the taskbar.


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This document is to supply guidelines around an integration of third party scanners for ReUp's custom mobile payment and loyalty apps. It is aimed to discuss overall user interface flow and business logic.
In the context of this document, an App refers to a ReUp mobile payments and loyalty iOS or Android app.
In the context of this document, a Gift Card refers to a gift card provided by ReUp. Gift Cards hold credit and points just like an App. On the back of these gift cards, there is a QR code, pin number and gift card number. For the purpose of all transactions in this document, to identify the Gift Card, the Gift Card's QR code is scanned. Please see this for more information on the Gift Card's QR code.
In the context of this document, the Customer refers to an App user. The Customer has already downloaded the Vendor's app, connected a payment method, and, if live pay is disabled, load credit onto their app.
In the context of this document, a Vendor represents a store owner or clerk who is responsible for taking their customer's order. They will be the primary user of the Scanner.
In the context of this document, a Scanner refers to the application which scans an App to perform a transaction. A Vendor's Customer presents one of their App's QR codes to be scanned with the Scanner. Context is built into the QR code determining what action the scanner should take. To complete the transaction, the Scanner is to reach out to the ReUp Scanner API, found here.
In the context of this document, a Reward represents an item with a name, description, point cost and external SKU (which is used to map to 3rd party invoice line items). These can be redeemed for by Apps and Gift Cards that have enough points.
In the context of this document, a Qualified Discount represents the resulting discount from a Reward that an App or Gift Card has enough points to redeem.
The role of the Scanner in an App credit only transaction is to allow the Customer to use their App credit (or in the case of Live Pay, their connected payment method) to purchase goods in store.
An App credit only transaction should consist of the following interactions:
During each step above, the Vendor should be supplied with sufficient and very obvious information about the transaction, so they can properly communicate that to the Customer.
The role of the Scanner in a reward only transaction is to allow the Customer to redeem their App points for predetermined goods or discounts in store.
An App reward only transaction should consist of the following interactions:
In the case where goods are not linked to ReUp rewards (ie EvaluateReward is not called), the Vendor must have knowledge of exactly what goods are to be redeemed for. Reward redemptions are limited to one per invoice.
The role of the Scanner in an App reward + credit transaction is to allow the Customer to redeem their App points for predetermined goods or discounts and pay for the rest of their invoice with their App.
An App reward + credit transaction should consist of the following interactions:
In the case where goods are not linked to ReUp rewards (ie EvaluateReward is not called), the Vendor must have knowledge of exactly what goods are to be redeemed for. Reward redemptions are limited to one per invoice. For the case of when the Scanner is integrated with the POS, it is possible to do this transaction with only one scan, since the Redeem Reward QR Code holds sufficient information to do both transactions.
The role of the Scanner in an App check in only transaction is to allow the Customer to collect points on a purchase without using their App to pay.
An App check in only transaction should consist of the following interactions:
Note that this is to only be called during a points only transaction. Do not call the CheckIn method if the Customer is paying with their App credit. However, if a Customer is only paying for a portion of an invoice with their App credit, please call CheckIn on the remainder.
A ReUp pass allows Customers to purchase items in bulk and redeem for them at their own convenience. Think buying 10 coffees for the price of 8. The role of the Scanner in a pass only transaction is to decrement the quantity remaining on a Customer's pass so the Vendor can present the goods.
An App pass reward only transaction should consist of the following interactions:
In the case where goods are not linked to a ReUp pass (ie EvaluatePass is not called), the Vendor must have knowledge of exactly what goods are to be redeemed for. Pass redemptions are limited to one per invoice.
The role of the Scanner here is to identify the Customer, and when the Vendor takes payment, the Scanner then adds the dollar amount onto the gift card.
Adding credit to a gift card should consist of the following interactions:
Gift cards earn points just like any App user.
The role of the Scanner in a Gift Card credit only transaction is to allow the Customer to use their Gift Card credit to purchase goods in store.
A Gift Card credit only transaction should consist of the following interactions:
During each step above, the Vendor should be supplied with sufficient and very obvious information about the transaction, so they can properly communicate that to the Customer.
The role of the Scanner in a Gift Card reward only transaction is to ensure the gift card qualifies for the requested reward, then allow the Customer to redeem their Gift Card points for predetermined goods or discounts in store.
A Gift Card reward only transaction should consist of the following interactions:
In the case where goods are not linked to ReUp rewards (ie EvaluateReward is not called), the Vendor must have knowledge of exactly what goods are to be redeemed for. Reward redemptions are limited to one per invoice.
The role of the Scanner in a Gift Card reward + credit transaction is to allow the Customer to redeem their Gift Card points for predetermined goods or discounts and pay for the rest of their invoice with their Gift Card as well.
A Gift Card reward + credit transaction should consist of the following interactions:
In the case where goods are not linked to ReUp rewards (ie EvaluateReward is not called), the Vendor must have knowledge of exactly what goods are to be redeemed for. Reward redemptions are limited to one per invoice. For the case of when the Scanner is integrated with the POS, it is possible to do this transaction with only one scan, since the Gift Card QR Code holds sufficient information to do both transactions.
The role of the Scanner in a Gift Card check in only transaction is to allow the Customer to collect points on a purchase without using their Gift Card to pay.
A Gift Card check in only transaction should consist of the following interactions:
Note that this is to only be called during a points only transaction. Do not call the CheckIn method if the Customer is paying with their Gift Card credit. However, if a Customer is only paying for a portion of an invoice with their App credit, please call CheckIn on the remainder.


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Harold O Maristela
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Harold O Maristela
He's a CPA Since 2013 and start at FPTI last Feb 2014 as a Consultant. And Now He is a Project Manager who developed the Standard application of Real Estate Module in the company
Unique Ability to improvise, grasp new skill and troubleshooting problems
Strong Understanding of Industry Trends and content management system
Wanna bet ? Let's Try Me
I started as freelance (a thesis developer)
I.T Specialist of Complex Accounting System that more on focus in Accounting Process and Transaction that Generate Reports.
I can utilize my skills, put my learning into practice, achieve experience in areas of programming, and make a big contribution to your company. I am eager to learn, and excited about the growth of my career as a programmer. I can't wait to work with you and to be your colleague.
0992929299
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He's a CPA Since 2013 and start at FPTI last Feb 2014 as a Consultant. And Now He is a Project Manager who developed the Standard application of Real Estate Module in the company
09498856598
Sales Manager
An Accountacy Graduate and licensed CPA, She start working in FPTI last May 2011 as a Consultant and now she is the Sales Manager, the one of the Asset in Company, not just only by the look but also way of communicating. The most of the client's in FPTI is came by his Assets
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Junior Software Engineer
He is a Computer Science Graduate and start in FPTI last May 2013 as a IT Specialist, He is my Former Senior and developed Syncing and migration Process of one of our client.
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He is a CPA Since 2013 and start at FPTI on Feb 2013 as a Consultant. And Now He is a Project Manager who developed the Standard application of Real Estate Module in the company
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Team Leader
He is a CPA Since 2013 and start at FPTI on Feb 2013 as a Consultant. And Now He is a Project Manager who developed the Standard application of Real Estate Module in the company
090773622566
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He is Start in FPTI as a Technical Specialist on FEB 2014 and still counting. Now He is working for almost 4 years and half in the company and he's the one who start the development of standard web of Real estate module.


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class Net::SMTP::Response
This class represents a response received by the SMTP server. Instances of this class are created by the SMTP class; they should not be directly created by the user. For more information on SMTP responses, view Section 4.2 of RFC 5321
Attributes
The three digit reply code of the SMTP response
The human readable reply text of the SMTP response
Public Class Methods
Creates a new instance of the Response class and sets the status and string attributes
# File lib/net/smtp.rb, line 1003 def initialize(status, string) @status = status @string = string end
Parses the received response and separates the reply code and the human readable reply text
# File lib/net/smtp.rb, line 997 def self.parse(str) new(str[0,3], str) end
Public Instance Methods
Returns a hash of the human readable reply text in the response if it is multiple lines. It does not return the first line. The key of the hash is the first word the value of the hash is an array with each word thereafter being a value in the array
# File lib/net/smtp.rb, line 1046 def capabilities return {} unless @string[3, 1] == '-' h = {} @string.lines.drop(1).each do |line| k, *v = line[4..-1].chomp.split h[k] = v end h end
Determines whether the response received was a Positive Intermediate reply (3xx reply code)
# File lib/net/smtp.rb, line 1027 def continue? status_type_char() == '3' end
Creates a CRAM-MD5 challenge. You can view more information on CRAM-MD5 on Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRAM-MD5
# File lib/net/smtp.rb, line 1038 def cram_md5_challenge @string.split(/ /)[1].unpack('m')[0] end
Determines whether there was an error and raises the appropriate error based on the reply code of the response
# File lib/net/smtp.rb, line 1058 def exception_class case @status when /\A4/ then SMTPServerBusy when /\A50/ then SMTPSyntaxError when /\A53/ then SMTPAuthenticationError when /\A5/ then SMTPFatalError else SMTPUnknownError end end
The first line of the human readable reply text
# File lib/net/smtp.rb, line 1032 def message @string.lines.first end
Takes the first digit of the reply code to determine the status type
# File lib/net/smtp.rb, line 1015 def status_type_char @status[0, 1] end
Determines whether the response received was a Positive Completion reply (2xx reply code)
# File lib/net/smtp.rb, line 1021 def success? status_type_char() == '2' end


This special measure calculates the frequency of each unique combination of dimension values. See the MarkLogic documentation on the cts.frequency function for more information.
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Eric D. Torres is a journeyman coder with experience coding Java, Object-Oriented Programming, JavaScript, HTML5, CSS, SQL, AWS, and PEGA. Using his foundation of research skills and strong analytical problem solving abilities, he has the ability to learn any coding language quickly.
Eric is passionate about learning new coding design elements, cutting-edge coding languages, and creating the logical framework of projects from start to finish.
He has the following certifications:
- PEGA Certified System Architect (2/2020);
- PEGA Certified Senior System Architect (3/2020);
- PEGA Certified Business Architect (4/2020);
- PEGA Certified Robotics Architect (5/2020);
- SCRUMStudy Fundamentals of SCRUM (7/2020).
Currently, Eric is further honing his skills by acquiring a Certificate in Full Stack Web Development from the University of Texas Austin (focus on JavaScript; MERN stack).
From his work on local, state, and national political campaigns; developing public sector solutions; and creating an independent solo-law firm, Eric has the background and experience to understand your unique business needs.
Eric is looking to diversify his experience as a fullstack coder/software developer. You can check out his resume here
Feel free to reach out to him at etorresnotary@gmail.com.


Metallica pledge $100,000 to help victims of California wildfires
"We would also like to encourage you to join us in supporting those in need."
Metallica have donated $100,000 (£77,640) to the ongoing wildfire relief efforts in Northern and Southern California, via their All Within My Hands Foundation.
The rock giants announced the donation on Twitter, confirming the sum would be split equally between the Wildfire Relief Fund and the Sonoma County Resilience Fund.
“Sadly, for the third year in a row, communities we have called home throughout the state of California are again experiencing the tragedy left in the wake of wildfires,” they wrote.
After confirming plans for the donation, they urged fans to donate their own resources too.
“We would also like to encourage you to join us in supporting those in need as well as the first responders who have been working tirelessly to keep Californians safe,” Metallica wrote.
“Whether you are able to contribute money, non-perishable food, clothing and other supplies, or your time by volunteering or providing temporary housing, every bit helps.”
It comes after the band previously pledged $100,000 to tackle the fires in 2018 and played a relief show in San Francisco in 2017.
Meanwhile, it was recently confirmed that the metal icons will return for a string of US festival headline shows next summer, their first dates since frontman James Hetfield entered rehab in September for substance abuse.


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People Involved In Home Buying Process
People contains information about professionals such as lawyers, house inspectors, realtors and more. Learn more about each professional's role and what to expect.
Know MoreSections
How can I build my homebuying team?
The homebuying process requires getting in touch with a wide array of professionals.
Know more about Lawyers, Mortgage Agents, Realtors and more. Click on the icons to further explore the section.


Scalability
- OpenVidu Pro architecture
- Pricing of an OpenVidu Pro cluster
- How to deploy your OpenVidu Pro cluster
- Set the number of Media Nodes on startup
- Change the number of Media Nodes on the fly
- OpenVidu Pro cluster events
- How many users can an OpenVidu Pro cluster handle
- Current limitations of OpenVidu Pro scalability
OpenVidu Pro architecture
OpenVidu Pro consists of different nodes that work together to offer OpenVidu services in a distributed and scalable way. Currently, OpenVidu Pro has two types of nodes, following a Master-Slave model:
- OpenVidu Server Pro Node: this is the master node. It takes care of the signaling plane. Manages OpenVidu sessions, forwarding events and messages to clients and distributing the load across the available Media Nodes.
- Media Nodes: these are the slave nodes, in charge of managing the media plane. For that reason, Media Nodes are the actual bottleneck of the OpenVidu cluster and the ones that determine its capacity: more Media Nodes means more concurrent OpenVidu sessions. Two important aspects of Media Nodes:
- Each OpenVidu session is currently hosted in one Media Node.
- Each Media Node can manage multiple OpenVidu sessions.
Pricing of an OpenVidu Pro cluster
The price of an OpenVidu Pro cluster is rather simple:
You pay 0.0006$ per core per minute in your OpenVidu Pro cluster
There are 3 important aspects to consider:
- You only pay for your OpenVidu Pro cluster for the time it is running. Usage will be registered the moment you start your cluster and will stop as soon as you shut your cluster down.
- You pay for every available core at any given time: if you cluster grows for one hour, that hour you will pay more. If your cluster decreases the next hour, next hour will be cheaper. Currently all Nodes have the same core per minute price.
- Your cluster (specifically your OpenVidu Server Pro Node) needs Internet access at all times. If your specific use case doesn't allow your cluster to have Internet access, please contact us through Commercial page.
In Pricing section you will find a detailed with different use cases of OpenVidu Pro clusters and their associated cost depending on their size and running time
How to deploy your OpenVidu Pro cluster
Different environments are supported when deploying an OpenVidu Pro cluster. At the current moment you can:
- Deploy your OpenVidu Pro cluster in AWS
- Deploy your OpenVidu Pro cluster on premises in your own infrastructure
We are currently working to natively support other cloud providers such as Azure, Google Cloud and Digital Ocean the same way we support Amazon. But remember you are still able to deploy OpenVidu Pro wherever you want following the guide of deployment on premise
Kubernetes support will also be available soon. Stay tuned!
Set the number of Media Nodes on startup
When deploying your OpenVidu Pro cluster, you can set the initial desired number of Media Nodes. Each type of deployment has a way of setting this number. Visit your specific OpenVidu Pro cluster deployment instructions to learn more:
Change the number of Media Nodes on the fly
You can launch and drop Media Nodes dynamically in two different ways:
From OpenVidu Inspector
In Cluster page you can launch and drop Media Nodes just by pressing buttons.
With OpenVidu Pro REST API
You can programmatically launch and drop Media Nodes from your application by consuming OpenVidu Pro REST API.
- Launch a Media Node: POST /pro/media-nodes
- Drop a Media Node: DELETE /pro/media-nodes
WARNING: depending on the environment where your OpenVidu Pro cluster is deployed, you must take into account some important aspects regarding the launch and drop of Media Nodes. Visit the specific documentation page for your environment to learn more:
OpenVidu Pro cluster events
OpenVidu Pro provides an specific server-side event that will inform you every time there is a change in the status of the cluster. You can listen to this event by using OpenVidu Webhook (it will also be registered in OpenVidu CDR).
This event is mediaNodeStatusChanged. By listening to it you will have a complete record of your OpenVidu Pro cluster behavior in real time. And of course you can always use OpenVidu Pro REST API to retrieve the status of the whole cluster at any time.
Media Node statuses
Here are all the possible statuses of a Media Node within an OpenVidu Pro cluster.
launching
: the Media Node is launchingfailed
: the Media Node failed to launch. This status can be reached from launching status.running
: the Media Node is up and running. New sessions can now be established in this Media Node. This status can be reached from launching and waiting-idle-to-terminate statuses.waiting-idle-to-terminate
: the Media Node is waiting until the last of its sessions is closed. Once this happens, it will automatically enter terminating status. The Media Node won't accept new sessions during this status. This status can be reached from running status.terminating
: the Media Node is shutting down. This status can be reached from running and waiting-idle-to-terminate statuses.terminated
: the Media Node is shut down. This status can be reached from terminating status. For OpenVidu Pro clusters running in manual mode (propertyopenvidu.pro.cluster.mode
set tomanual
), this status means that the Media Node instance can be safely shut down.
How many users can an OpenVidu Pro cluster handle
This is probably one of the most important questions when using OpenVidu Pro. The number of Media Nodes you need and the size of each Media Node depends on the answer. Therefore, the price of your OpenVidu Pro cluster also depends on the answer.
That being said, there is no single answer to this question. The load each Media Node can handle depends on many factors:
- The topology of each OpenVidu Session (1:1, 1:N, N:M)
- The type of media streams being published to the Session (only audio, only video, audio + video)
- Whether your Sessions are using advanced features such as recording or audio/video filters
You will need to perform some tests for your specific use case, and adapt the size of your cluster accordingly. OpenVidu team can perform these tests for you as part of their commercial services (contact us through Commercial page to ask for an estimate).
For a quick reference, these are the results of some load tests performed in an OpenVidu Pro cluster deployed on Amazon Web Services with just 1 Media Node. These particular scenario is testing 7-to-7 sessions where every participant sends one audio-video stream (540x360, 30 fps) and receives 6 remote streams (same video). The table states the maximum number of entities that can be established until the Media Node CPU reaches 100% use. Take into account from a pricing point that the number of cores in each column header does not sum up the total number of cores of the cluster (OpenVidu Server Pro Node cores should also be counted).
Here you can find the full article presenting these results.
Current limitations of OpenVidu Pro scalability
Below are stated the current limitations regarding the scalability of an OpenVidu Pro cluster. All of them are currently in our roadmap, and will be for sure addressed in future releases.
Composed video recording is not scalable
Right now composed recordings with video are hosted in OpenVidu Server Pro node, which means that launching multiple simultaneous composed recordings may increase the load on this node to a dangerous point. So a necessary change to improve scalability for this particular use case is to get this module out of OpenVidu Server Pro Node.
For the moment, we recommend limiting the number of simultaneous composed recordings with video and using a more powerful machine in OpenVidu Server Pro Node if required. This doesn't affect either individual recordings or composed recordings with audio-only.
Sessions cannot be moved between Media Nodes
Current scalability features doesn't support dynamic migration of OpenVidu Sessions between Media Nodes. Once a Session is initialized inside a Media Node, it will remain there until it is closed. We will work to support Session migration between Media Nodes to A) improve fault tolerance upon the possibility of a Media Node crashing and B) make easier the scale-down process of your OpenVidu Pro cluster, so you don't have to wait until all Sessions inside a Media Node are closed to drop that Media Node from the cluster.
There is no automatic elasticity yet
The automated scale-in and scale-out of Media Nodes according to server load is an important feature that OpenVidu Pro will provide in the future. This way you will be able to configure your OpenVidu Pro cluster to automatically launch new Media Nodes when the CPU load of the existing ones reaches certain point, and drop Media Nodes when CPU load decreases.


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