Saving Private Ryan A movie review by "Average Joe" Barlow (c) Copyright 1998
STARRING: Tom Hanks, Matt Damon, Tom Sizemore, Edward Burns, Jeremy Davies DIRECTOR: Steven Spielberg WRITER: Robert Rodat RATED/YEAR: R/1998
Film criticism may well be the Art of the Fool, the last refuge of those who wish to be involved in the movie industry but lack the talent or drive needed to actually create something. How does the expression go? "Those who can, do; those who can't, criticize." While this may be a bit harsh (and is certainly not true in every case), I think it does have some basis in reality. I hope to get involved in the film business one day, though I have not yet produced anything except some experimental footage that I'd be reluctant to screen for any but my most non-critical friends. I am still learning what makes a shot work, the effects that different types of lighting can have, and the many ways in which a storyline can be revealed to the audience (with "The Truman Show" being one of the finest examples I've ever seen). Film criticism, to me, is part of the learning process. By subjecting myself to as many films as possible, then writing my comments while the film is still fresh in my mind, I have learned a great deal about what makes a particular film "good" or "bad," at least in my eyes. I notice the frequency with which certain cliches (such as "I have a BAD feeling about this" or "I'm sorry, I was wrong. Can you ever forgive me?") crop up in different movies. Sharing these observations with all of you helps my film education, just as it hopefully offers new insight for you, the reader, as well. But it's important to remember that no matter what credentials a critic has, everything boils down in the end to one person's opinion. Despite the fact that I personally adore "Star Wars" and consider it one of this century's most incredible cinematic achievements, I know people who hate it. "Citizen Kane," the best movie ever made according to the recent American Film Institute survey, is not universally adored. (I like and respect it, but I still think "Casablanca" is superior.) My favorite film critic, Roger Ebert, cited this year's "Dark City" as a cinematic masterpiece, praising its visuals and sinister feel; I, on the other hand, found the film mediocre at best and less than that much of the time. The point is, there's no "right" or "wrong" in this field; all a critic can do is explain why he or she thinks a film is or isn't worth seeing. As often as not, you'll disagree with the opinions they provide. That's fine. In my short time reviewing films on the Internet, I've received a mountain of correspondence from people who have seen (or opted not to see) films based on my recommendation, as well as those who saw a film before reading my review and later dropped me a line to tell me how much they did (or did not) agree with me. It's flattering to know that people can decide to go to a movie they had no intention of seeing, based on your recommendation. I enjoy reading the responses my reviews generate, even the ones that dispute what I have to say. Believe me, there are plenty of them. Nothing I've written, however, has generated more feedback than some offhand comments I made about Steven Spielberg's latest film, "Saving Private Ryan." After casually mentioning how disappointed I was by the movie on both my favorite IRC chat room and a "general talk" newsgroup, I was flooded by a number of intelligent, well-thought-out rebuttals. I debated the film's merits or lack thereof with several of these filmgoers, and ignored the vulgar messages I received from a half-dozen or so others which questioned my sanity and insulted my heritage. Clearly, people respond to this movie in a way almost without precedent. For these reasons, I specifically decided I would not review the film. When so many people disagree with me (and indeed, I've yet to come across a single other person either on the internet or in "real-life" who shares my opinion on the movie), then maybe it's just me, you know? Ego intervened, however. I've received three different e-mails this week from readers asking for my opinion on the film. "We haven't seen it, because we want to know what you think about it first," explains one particularly kind letter. So I've decided to compromise. Rather than write a completely new review of the film, I'm going to plunder the e-mails and posts I've already written about the movie, cobbling together a Frankenstein-esque review from these many "parts." As always, if people have comments or questions, I'm all ears. If people have insults and ridicule for my opinion, that's fine too; just don't expect a response. It's my greatest desire not to get into another violent arguments over this movie. Thanks. --AJB
In case you missed the point of "Schindler's List," Steven Spielberg would like you to know that World War II was a bad thing. His new movie, "Saving Private Ryan," is a shockingly violent yet surprisingly boring drama which begins during the D-Day invasion of 1944 (giving the director the chance to throw blood and entrails in our face for half an hour and call it "art") and ends with... well, pretty much the same scene, except on a bridge rather than a beach. Tom Hanks plays Captain John Miller, the leader of a small troop of American soldiers in the midst of this hell. Miller has clearly seen enough violence and destruction to last him the rest of his days; his hands shake violently when he tries to do something as simple as take a drink of water. Isolation is his defense against his environment-- so secretive is he about his private life that the troop has a running bet: will the war end before Miller reveals any personal details about himself to them? After surviving a nightmarish battle, Hanks and his soldiers are given a new mission: to find a soldier named James Ryan and escort him to safety. The reason? It appears that all three of his brothers were killed in combat on the same day. The army, figuring that poor Mrs. Ryan deserves a consolation prize, decides to send the surviving son home. The problem is, no one is quite sure where Ryan is, so it's up to Hanks and his crew to find the poor boy. For much of the film, they "search" for him by dashing up to random people and yelling "Private James Ryan! Do you know him?" The basic premise of the movie is laughably bad. Raise your hand if you think the army would feel sorry for a woman whose sons had died in combat. From the army's perspective, that's what they're there for! Would the military *really* risk the lives of a whole squadron of people in an attempt to rescue a wayward son, especially when the movie takes place in June of 1944? From my rememberence of history, the war wasn't going particularly well for the Allies at that time. They'd surely be making the best possible use of all their resources, not assigning them to frivilous projects. The excuse used to justify the plot: the army thinks it will be a great morale boost if Ryan can be found and sent home to his mother. Beg pardon? Let me get this straight: you've got thousands of American soldiers risking their lives in combat every day, fighting on foreign soil. They haven't seen their loved ones in months, or even *years*. All of a sudden, they learn that Private James Ryan is going home. That's supposed to inspire morale? I'd think it would inspire resentment and jealousy. But no matter. It's the plot of the movie, and we'll let it be. After our opening bloodbath, we watch our "heroes" (and I use the term loosely, since we learn so little about these guys that it's hard to feel anything at all for them) hike around the countryside and shoot things for a couple of hours. During this time, they talk at great length about very little, tease the "new guy" mercilessly, and hedge bets on where their captain is from. These exchanges reek so badly of cliche' that we immediately know: (1) the new guy will eventually do something brave and daring, thereby earning the respect of his peers, and (2) sooner or later, Miller will unveil his life story to the troops, probably during a moment of great tension. As always, Tom Hanks's performance is spectacular. He does such a fine job with his role that it's possible not to noice how poorly written his character is. With his convincing facial gestures and a world-weariness that seems beyond genuine, Hanks *becomes* Captain Miller; the problem is, Captain Miller's not very interesting. The tactic of keeping him aloof from the audience and his troops was probably intended to make him seem mysterious. It made me not like him very much. Why am I expected to bond with a character that I know absolutely nothing about? Indeed, that's the biggest problem with the film: we're given absolutely no reason to care about anything happening on the screen at all. The members of Miller's troop may as well be played by department- store mannequins for all the emotion and depth they show. From time to time, someone dies. Does it bother us? Not once. We've not been given a reason to be. Also, on a semi-related note: have we become so desensitized as a society that extreme violence is now funny? You won't find another movie with violence this realistic, but at the screening I attended, the audience greeted much of this footage with giggles and titters.  But get this: it's the WRONG Private Ryan! The audience shrieked with delighted laughter at this scene. I sat in stunned silence. 'Yeah, that's really funny. These guys have fought hard for their cause, shed plenty of blood, seen some of their companions killed... and why? Because the tip they had on Ryan's whereabouts was wrong! Boy, that's a knee-slapper.' But the audience continued to hoot in utter delight, as though it were the best practical joke they'd ever seen. Never have I wanted to slap so many people. Spielberg opted to shoot much of the film with hand-held cameras to capture a documentary/in-the-field look; as such, the picture shakes badly during many scenes (imagine watching a "movie" shot by a four-year-old with a camcorder). I got a splitting headache while trying to follow the action, and that's the honest truth. Tripod, Steven. You know you want one. Let's go back to the film's beginning again. The story opens with 30 minutes of nonstop carnage. That in and of itself is not a problem, but during these scenes nothing that is relevant to the plot happens, certainly nothing that requires this much screen time. We learn nothing about the characters. Just because I recognize the wonderful actor Tom Hanks in the lead role does mean that I will automatically care what happens to the person he is playing if I haven't been given any kind of emotional hook into his psyche. Spielberg spent an awful lot of money on these scenes, but it's a lot of footage that seems to have no point other than conveying the horrors of warfare. I already know that war is a bad thing, and the fact that the film rubs our nose in it for so long detracts from the pace of the story. We don't even learn what the movie is about until we're nearly an hour into it. Spielberg seems so in love with the grotesqueness of these shots that he forgets to include a petty item like "story." Contrast this with Spielberg's other WW2 film, the equally long "Schindler's List" (one of my favorite movies, EVER). All of the characters, including the villains, had depth to them. We felt the turmoil Oskar Schindler went through. We saw how his attitude changed and grew over the course of the movie, and we understood the decisions he made. I didn't get any of that from the characters in "Saving Private Ryan." No one really changes emotionally, and I've got to believe that warfare, especially warfare THAT graphic, will have psychological effects on people. Apart from Miller's shaking hands, no one seemed the least bit off-balance. They're made of sterner stuff than I. In a nutshell: I didn't like Spielberg's approach. It's almost as if the movie is saying "Look! I am showing lots and lots of very realistic warfare. Therefore, I am a GREAT FILM. You will TAKE ME SERIOUSLY.   Many are calling the film "brilliant"; I'm calling it "the Emporer's new clothes." So many critics are raving about the movie that the majority of cinemagoers are being brainwashed into thinking it's far better than it really is. "Saving Private Ryan" tries much too hard; "Schindler's List," apart from the final cemetary scene, played upon your emotions very subtly.  "Saving Private Ryan," on the other hand, seems like it was conceived from the outset as a GREAT FILM. There's no restraint; everything is so in-your-face that I frequently found myself closing my eyes-- not to shut out the visuals, but to simply distance myself from the movie, which seemed to want to climb into my lap. Many will say that's the point: Spielberg is trying to thrust the horrors of war upon us. I don't know. I found myself caring about good ol' Forrest Gump's war buddies a lot more than these guys, partly because they (especially Bubba and Lt. Dan) were so well-developed. When a character dies in "Ryan," I simply shrugged-- just another "nobody." I never got the feeling that they (apart from Hanks, near the end) had anyone back home praying for their safe return. When I complained about the film's lack of subtlety on a news- group, one of the film's many admirers chimed back with, "Does anyone remember any subtlety in World War II? Neither do I." Touche'. But you know, I don't recall World War II being billed as entertainment. Unfortunately, I can't think of a single reason to recommend this film, and considering the name of the director, whose work I usually enjoy, that's surprising. The characters are uninteresting, the photography is difficult to watch, the music is generic, the pace is nonexistant. It's a shame, but I guess Spielberg needs his failures to make his triumphs that more powerful. Forget about "Saving Private Ryan," friends. Save your money instead.
RATING: 1.5 stars (out of a possible five)
This review was written in spurts from July 25, 1998 to August 14, 1998. Copyright (c) 1998 by Joe Barlow. This review may be freely distributed as long as ABSOLUTELY NO CHANGES are made and this disclaimer remains attached. It may not be reproduced for profit without the written consent of the author. If you have comments or questions, please send them to: jbarlow at earthling dot net (substituting the appropriate symbols, to discourage spam).
----- "Average Joe" Barlow * MiSTie #73097 * Writer/musician/aspiring filmmaker<EMAIL_ADDRESS>http://www.ipass.net/~jbarlow {Remove YOUR PANTS to e-mail me.}
The latest movie reviews on my website include "Saving Private Ryan," "Snake Eyes" and "Halloween: H20"
I was touched by that, especially the part where Rick mutters, "My God, it's full of the usual suspects!" --Bill Livingston
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Tabs can be created with one or more <tc:tab/>
within a
<tc:tabGroup>
.
Within a tab, content can be added like in a section or a panel.
To activate Ajax, the switchType
attribute must have the value "reloadTab".
On all tab groups on this page, Ajax is activated.
Tag Library Documentation:
A simple tab group. The second tab is disabled.
This example show the different headers if the label
or the image
is used.
Only a label is set.
A label and an image are set.
Only an image is set.
Neither a label or an image are set. In this case the header gets a label with the indexnumber of the tab in the tab group.
The image in the header depends on what tab is currently selected.
First folder open.
Second folder open.
Third folder open.
The <tc:tabChangeListener/>
tag is used to bind a
TabChangeListener
. The TabChangeListener
is an interface,
which is implemented in this example by SimpleTabChangeListener
.
<tc:tabChangeListener type="org.apache.myfaces.tobago.example
.demo.actionlistener.SimpleTabChangeListener"
binding="\#{tabController.tabChangeListener}"/>
Changed to tab one.
Changed to tab two.
Changed to tab three.
If no switch type is activated with switchType="none"
, you have full control over the tab group.
In this example the tabs are used as buttons to refresh the timestamps. The functionallity of
switching the tab comes explicitly by adding the id of the tab group to the ajax tag.


France returns historic 19th century sword of Senegalese scholar
French Prime Minister Edouard Phillipe was in Senegal over the weekend on an official visit. He held talks with President Macky Sall was the two countries signed seven bilateral accords.
A major historic and cultural highlight of the visit was France’s restoration to Senegal of a sword belonging to a 19th Century Islamic scholar and ruler, Hajj Umar Saidou Tall, who led an anti-colonial struggle against the French.
France has in recent years pledged the return of historic artefacts looted from its former colonies especially in West Africa. A typical case in point is with Beninese artefacts locked up in French museums.
The Prime Minister at a ceremony at the presidential palace in Dakar handed over the relic – curved iron, brass and wood sword in its sheath to President Macky Sall.
Reports indicate that descendants of the scholar were present at the ceremony. Their representative thank both governments for working towards the restitution.
PM Philippe stressed that the return was “the first step” in Paris’ resolve to returning more Senegalese artefacts currently in French museums.


WELCOME TO OUR NEWS-API.
This is application that will help people to list and preview news articles from various sources.
Covid19:
{{ macro.displayNewsList(health)}}
Sports news
{{ macro.displayNewsList(sports)}}
business :
{{ macro.displayNewsList(business)}}
{% endblock %}


Every Monday I send out a newsletter containing some thoughts, life lessons and interesting content I discovered on the internet that week. No matter what, I promise that each edition will be fresh and worthy of your attention.
--- layout: default description: Every Monday I send out a newsletter containing some thoughts, life lessons and interesting content I discovered on the internet that week. title: The Monday Memo Newsletter image: /assets/images/social-newsletter.jpg ---


As we move headlong into Autumn we thought this might be a good time to take a quick look back at some of the work from the previous quarter in Finagle, Finatra, Scrooge, TwitterServer, and Util and preview what we’re working on this quarter and beyond.
This covers the August and September releases as well as the upcoming release planned for this month. As mentioned before, we plan to continue this review regularly on a quarterly basis. You can start with a recap of what we were talking about last time.
Finagle’s 7th “birthday” (7th anniversary of the first public commit) is approaching. Stay tuned for a celebratory blog post! 🎉
We’re retiring the Finatra-specific blog, formerly available here. This will happen with our release this month. Unfortunately, we won’t be keeping any of the old posts but any new information will be shared on the Finagle blog here.
Transparently replacing HTTP/1.1 usage with HTTP/2 continues internally. We’re really excited about this change and the improvements it brings. HTTP/2 gives you the resource reductions (a single multiplexed connection, request cancellations no longer require tearing down the connection) and resiliency features (fast rolling restarts without a success rate drop) that services are already accustomed to with Mux.
We encourage you to try it out by enabling the
com.twitter.finagle.http.UseHttp2v2
toggle
[1].
Metrics ‘verbosity’ level. Similar to logging levels in a logging API, we’ve introduced the concept of a verbosity level for metrics exported by Finagle [1, 2, 3, 4] with the ability for users to configure their service’s verbosity and to define a verbosity when creating a new metric.
For more information see the Util User’s Guide
section on Leveraging Verbosity
Levels
.
Our internal roll-out of our new load balancer, Deterministic Aperture, continues and we’re excited about bringing this to the wider community soon!
We’ve completed the internal rollout of edge-triggered native
transport
using Netty’s JNI edge-triggered transport, instead of using the JDK’s NIO.
Users can toggle on this feature by using the
com.twitter.finagle.netty4.UseNativeEpollV2
toggle
[1].
We’ll soon be open-sourcing the work done by our summer intern @McKardah to wire Twitter Futures into IDEA’s async stacktraces.
Secure Mux (smux). We’ve added a STARTTLS command into the Mux protocol in order to support opportunistic TLS for ThriftMux.
We’ve been working hard to move TwitterServer to the SLF4J API and this should be merging in the near future. Stay tuned for updates and documentation on the changes.
We’ve been making lots of changes to improve the usability and performance of Scrooge and Scrooge-generated code. This includes a set of refactorings to modernize the generated code so that it’s written in terms of Filters and Services!
This will allow us to address some long standing issues like server-side response classification and correctly stating on serialization/deserialization failures.
Additionally, we’re going to try to update libthrift from 0.5.0 to 0.10.0. This is still exploratory and we’re working to understand the ramifications.
Finagle has had a BackupRequestFilter since late 2012 and it evolved into its current form in early 2013. The filter has a variety of what we would consider flaws (too many configuration knobs, less than ideal memory characteristics in many cases, lack of integration into the Stack-APIs and ClientBuilder to name a few) which has relegated it to Finagle’s experimental module.
We’re investigating what it would take to give users a single configuration variable – ideally the percentage of additional requests to send – to configure sending a backup request to another server.
Modern multiplexing protocols are characteristically very stateful and event driven which makes them challenging to implement with the current ‘pull’ based abstractions available in Finagle.
We are currently working towards the introduction of a Finagle ‘push’ based model which when coupled with a single threaded concurrency model will provide a more efficient and natural foundation for implementing multiplexing protocols.
Related to the above, Finagle has historically been dependent on request-response style protocols: a single request would be sent by the client and the server would reply with a single response. Then later multiplexing protocols to alleviate head-of-line blocking. However, all the protocols in Finagle are expressed as request-response APIs with some limited support for streaming through the use of Reader and AsyncStream [1]. These are somewhat low-level constructs and can be hard to use properly.
We are investigating the design of an API for bidirectional streaming of objects not just bytes. Stay tuned.
Our newest intern @andrewmccree14 is working on a project to help detect blocking code in Finagle. This should not only help users of Finagle but also allow for instrumentation and reporting (linting) of the blocking code. We’re really excited about this work and can’t wait to share it with the community.
Thanks for following along. As always, please feel free to ask questions on either the Finagle or Finatra mailing lists about anything that is unclear or if you would just like to know more.
Christopher Coco and the Core Systems Libraries team


About
Hi, my name is Qiao. I also go by Rachel. I was born and raised a single child in Beijing, China and currently studies Computer Science at University of Pennsylvania.
Hi, my name is Qiao. I also go by Rachel. I was born and raised a single child in Beijing, China and currently studies Computer Science at University of Pennsylvania.


This is a global (window) function that is only available when the ngMock
module is
included.
It can be used to trigger a native browser event on an element, which is useful for unit testing.
browserTrigger(element, [eventType], [eventData]);
| Param | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|
| element | Object |
Either a wrapped jQuery/jqLite node or a DOMElement |
|
eventType
(optional)
|
string |
Optional event type. If none is specified, the function tries
to determine the right event type for the element, e.g. |
|
eventData
(optional)
|
Object |
An optional object which contains additional event data that is used when creating the event:
|


Asamah:
The materials I need are
10 Ornithomimus claws, 10 Deinonychus bones, and 10 Pachycephalosaurus skins
.
Go and bring me those items!


In natural languages words serve as the building blocks to creating meaning, a single word defines a single concept. The same principle applies to Semantic UI. Instead of creating arbitrary
Writing a definition before working on an element is similar to Test-Driven Development, and provides a set of constraints before beginning work on an interface design.
We even use language internally to narrow our focus, a stream of conscious with one voice that carries us from one idea to the next without room for misinterpretation.


This is a plugin for Anki that can help clean up Japanese text in the ways outlined below. Issues should be reported on the Issues page for the project on Github.
Clean unnecessary spaces, while preserving those spaces that are necessary for indicating the start of a Japanese reading (as in the Japanese Support plugin).
Clean unnecessary furigana from the beginning, end, or within individual readings within text.
Both are designed to:
- Properly handle text with multiples lines
- Properly handle text with HTML markup by allowing HTML tags to pass through unchanged
In addition, there are some features to guard against accidental changes or bugs in the plugin:
- A
Check
action logs all changes that would be made without taking any action.
- A
Diff
action produces a colorful HTML diff highlighting in green what will been added and in red what will be removed for each note.
- A
Fix
action actually performs the changes.
- Each batch of changes is recorded in the undo history within Anki.
- A full change log is kept in a SQLite database within the plugin's local directory. Recent changes can be viewed in the UI and the full history of changes can be exported to a CSV file. This enables you to recover any previous values altered by the plugin.
Despite these safety features, it's a good idea to back up or export your collection before using this plugin just to be safe.
You can access the dialogs by clicking Browse to open the card browser and then clicking Edit -> Japanese Text Cleaner. The fixer dialgos require you to select some cards first. These are the cards that will be checked.
Support
If you experience a problem or have any comments/ideas, please open an issue at the Issues page for the project on Github.
Version History
License
Copyright 2019 Matthew Hayes
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.


Twit DID Method
The Twit DID method is an implementation of the DID Core Specification that relies upon Twitter as a means of partial trust and resolution.
Twitter DIDs are distinguishable from other DID methods as they tie into an existing social media account, and often contain human-readable identifiers.
View the spec here.
The DID Twitter Organization has created a CLI to facilitate simple generation, update, and deactivation of did:twit
documents. The CLI may further be expanded to hook into the Twitter API for DID management and resolution.
We welcome any and all contributors. Please feel free to open up a pull request, create issues, or reach out to the developers directly to get involved.


Note that this ebook's style centers h1
and h2
.
h3-6
, on the other hand, are left-justified. This is just a matter of personal preference and can be changed by updating the style file.
Formatting text is made easier by the Calibre editor because its toolbar provides quick access to bold, italics, underlined, and strikethrough.
You can include references within your ebook or to Web URLs using the Insert hyperlink action. For example, here's an internal reference to the Table of Contents and here's an external reference to Calibre's download URL: https://calibre-ebook.com/download.
Paragraphs are created using the

tag. If you need a line break within a paragraph, you can use the

tag.
For example, this sentence follows a line break.
If you want to provide HTML or other code examples, you can use the
tag. To include the <
and >
characters under the tag
, you should use the escape sequences <
and >
, respectively.
This is an example of a footnote that uses the epub:type
attribute of the
tag with the
tag and bi-directional hyperlinks. This is the method preferred and recommended by Amazon.[1] Note that to use the epub:type
attribute, we had to add the xmlns:epub="http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops"
attribute to the
of this file; this will have to be done to all files that use such footnotes. See the HTML source for the full details.
This is a second example of a footnote that just uses plain bi-directional hyperlinks without the epub:type
attribute of the
tag and without the
tag.[2] See the HTML source for the full details.
Both of these footnotes could also have had their text placed in another file, towards the end of the book, but in that case, you'd have to update their href
attributes to include the full file names, not just the location identifiers. I prefer footnotes to be collected per chapter rather than for the entire book, hence that is the approach I demonstrated here.
We have seen an example of unordered list in the Table of Contents. That list was generated using the

tag. You can generate ordered lists (numbered lists) in a similar way just by changing the tag to

. For example:
Aligning paragraphs is also easy using the Calibre editor. For example, this paragraph was aligned to the right using the Align right action in the editor.
Sometimes you may want to format some data in a table. This can be done using the

tag along with the

,
, and
tags, which stand for table header, table row, and table data, respectively. The content of the table will be defined row by row, with each row listing the header names or data values that compose it. Below is an example of a table; examining the HTML source of this chapter will show how the table tags are used to produce this result:
| Name | ID | Birth Year |
|---|---|---|
| Alice | 123456 | 2000 |
| Bob | 123457 | 2001 |
Note that this table example has a title; that title has been provided by using the

tag. Also, the table borders are not present by default, but they are included here courtesy of our stylesheet.css style file, which specifies their presence as well as the centering of the table.
2. This is the text of the second footnote example, also placed at the end of the chapter.


--- layout: page title: About header-img: "img/about-bg.png" ---
TV broadcasting professional. Musician. Slayer of dragons (unless they like Star Wars; if they like Star Wars, they're cool). And now, coding aficionado, well on my way to conquer that fantastic world of software engineering.


| int scan; |
Scan flag. |
| int bm; |
Beam number. |
| float bmazm; |
Beam azimith. |
| double time; |
Beam time stamp, specified as seconds from 0:00UT January 1, 1970. |
| int cpid; |
Control program identifier number. |
| struct { |
| int sc; |
Seconds. |
| int us; |
Microseconds. |
| } |
| intt; |
Integration time. |
| int frang; |
Distance to first range (kilometers). |
| int rsep; |
Range separation (kilometers). |
| int rxrise; |
Receiver rise time (microseconds). |
| int freq; |
Transmitted frequency. |
| int noise; |
Calculated noise from clear frequency search. |
| int atten; |
Attenuation level. |
| int channel; |
Channel number for a stereo radar. |
| int nave; |
Number of pulse sequences transmitted. |
| unsigned char sct[MAX_RANGE]; |
Array of flags indicating that a range contains scatter. A non-zero value indicates that there is scatter at that range. |
struct RadarCell rng[MAX_RANGE]; |
Range data. |


com.donnarumma.ciro.volumecontrol.broadcastreceivers
Classes
BootCompletedReceiver
CallReceiver
PhonecallReceiver


Checks whether or not the given option accept more values.
the option
if the option accepts more values, {@link false} otherwise.
the ordered list of arguments. Arguments are command line arguments not matching an option.
the model of this command line object.
Gets the value of an argument with the matching name (arg name).
the expected type
the name
the value, {@code null} if not set
Gets the value of an argument with the given index.
the expected type
the index
the value, {@code null} if not set
Gets the value of an option with the matching name (can be the long name, short name or arg name).
the expected type
the name
the value, {@code null} if not set
Gets the raw value of the given argument. Raw values are the values as given in the user command line.
the argument
the value, {@code null} if none.
Gets the raw value of the given option. Raw values are the values as given in the user command line.
the option
the value, {@code null} if none.
Gets the raw values of the given option. Raw values are simple "String", not converted to the option type.
the option
the list of values, empty if none
Gets the raw values of the given argument. Raw values are simple "String", not converted to the argument type.
the argument
the list of values, empty if none
Gets the raw values of the given option. Raw values are simple "String", not converted to the option type.
the option
the list of values, empty if none
Checks whether or not the given argument has been assigned in the command line.
the argument
if the argument has received a value, {@link false} otherwise.
Checks whether or not the user has passed a "help" option and is asking for help.
if the user command line has enabled a "Help" option, {@link false} otherwise.
Gets the value of an option marked as a flag.
Calling this method an a non-flag option throws an {@link IllegalStateException}.the option name
if the flag has been set in the command line, {@code false} otherwise.
Checks whether or not the given option has been assigned in the command line.
the option
if the option has received a value, {@link false} otherwise.
Checks whether or not the given option has been seen in the user command line.
the option
if the user command line has used the option
Checks whether or not the command line is valid, i.e. all constraints from arguments and options have been satisfied. This method is used when the parser validation is disabled.
if the current CommandLine object is valid. {@link false} otherwise.
Creates a command line object from the CLI. This object is intended to be used by the parser to set the argument and option values.
the CLI definition
the command line object
Generated using TypeDoc
The parser transforms a CLI (a model) into an CommandLine. This CommandLine has stored the argument and option values. Only instance of parser should create objects of this type.
Clement Escoffier clement@apache.org


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Engine¶
-
class
tensorrt.lite.
Engine
(**kwargs)¶ A TensorRT engine with self containted logger, runtime, context and memory
- Members:
- logger
tensorrt.infer.Logger
: Engine Logger - log_sev
tensorrt.infer.LogSeverity
: Verboseness of the logger - max_batch_size
int
: Maximum supported batch size - max_workspace_size
int
: Maximum workspace size - data_type
tensorrt.infer.DataType
: Operating data type of the engine - src_framework
str
: Parser used to create engine - runtime
tensorrt.infer.Runtime
: Engine runtime - engine
tensorrt.infer.CudaEngine
: TensorRT Engine - context
tensorrt.infer.ExecutionContext
: Engine execution context - profiler
tensorrt.infer.Profiler
: Engine profiler - input_dim
[tensorrt.infer.DimsCHW]
: Input layer dimensions - output_dim
[tensorrt.infer.DimsCHW]
: Output layer dimensions - input_names
[str]
: Input layer names - output_names
[str]
: Output layer names - d_input
[pycuda.DeviceAllocation]
: GPU Buffer allocations - d_output
[pycuda.DeviceAllocation]
: GPU Buffer allocations - preprocessors
{str:function}
: Dictionary of input layer names and preprocessing functions (or None) - postprocessors
{str:function}
: Dictionary of output layer names and postprocessing functions (or None) - bindings
[int]
: Buffer Pointers
- logger
-
- __init__(self, **kwargs)
-
- __del__(self)
-
- _create_engine(self, **kwargs)
-
- infer(self, *input_data)
-
- save(self, str)
-
- supported_data_format(self, *input_data)
-
- uniform_data_format(self, *input_data)
-
- convert_LCHW_to_LNCHW(self, input_data)
-
- transform_to_LNCHW(self, *input_data)
-
- verify_data_type(self, *input_data)
-
- format_data(self, output_data)
-
- apply_postprocessing(self, layer_data, layer_postprocessor)
-
- log_info(self, msg)
-
- log_error(self, msg)
-
- log_warn(self, msg)
-
apply_postprocessing
(layer_data, layer_postprocessor)¶ Apply the user specified postprocessing function to results
Takes outputs for a layer and the layer’s specified postprocessor function and processes each result (3D numpy array). Stores the result in the place of the 3D Numpy array.
Parameters: - layer_data list/numpy.ndarray (-) – Formated results for a layer
- layer_postprocessor function (-) – Layer’s post processing function
- Results:
list/numpy.ndarray
: Post processed results
-
convert_LCHW_to_LNCHW
(input_data)¶ Converts data from LCHW format to LNCHW
Helper for transform_to_LNCHW to convert LCHW format to LNCHW
Parameters: input_data list List of lists of LCHW data (-) – Returns: list
List of list of LNCHW data
-
format_data
(output_data)¶ Format results to same shape as input data
Format the results from inference from the operating data format (LNCHW) to the same data format that input data was given in.
Parameters: output_data [LNCHW data] (-) – List of inference results in LNCHW Returns: List of results for each layer in the same format as the input data Return type: list
-
infer
(*input_data)¶ Run inference on a set of data
Runs inference on a set of data provided by the user. Data must be provided in a supportted data format:
- CHW: Single 3D numpy array in form Channels x Height x Width
- NCHW: Single 4D numpy array in form Batch Size x Channels x Height x Width note: If the batch size is larger than the supported max batch size, the function will attempt to split up the batch into smaller supported batches
- ZNCHW: Single 5D numpy array in the form Number of Batces x Batch size x Channels x Height x Width note: if the batch size is larger than the supported max batch size, the function will error out
- LNCHW: List of 4D numpy arrays in form Batch Size x Channels x Height x Width note: if the batch size is larger than the supported max batch size, the function will error out
- LLCHW: List of lists of 3D numpy arrays in form Channels x Height x Width note: if the size of the inner lists are is larger than the supported max batch size, or the size of the inner lists are not uniform the function will error out
- LCHW: List of 3D numpy arrays in form Channels x Height x Width note: If the size of the list is larger than the supported max batch size, the function will attempt to split up the list into smaller supported batches
Provide a seperate array for each input layer
If a preprocessor function table is registered with the engine at creation then before inference, each input data object (3D numpy array) will be passed into the user specified preprocessor function for the relevant input layer and inference will be run on the preprocessed data.
If a postprocessor function table is registered with the engine at creation then before inference, each output data object (3D numpy array) will be passed into the user specified postprocessor function for the relevant output layer and the function will return the postprocessed data.
Parameters: input_data,.. list/numpy.ndarray (-) – List or numpy array containing data in a supported format, multiple lists/np.ndarrays should be passed in if there are multiple input layers, one per layer in order of bindings Returns: Results of inference arranged in the same format the input data was Return type: list/numpy.ndarray
-
log_error
(msg)¶ Helper for printing engine errors
Parameters: msg str (-) – What to print - Side-effects:
- Prints message to console in the ERROR stream
Raises: - ValueError
-
log_info
(msg)¶ Helper for printing engine status
Parameters: msg str (-) – What to print - Side-effects:
- Prints message to console in the INFO stream
-
log_warn
(msg)¶ Helper for printing engine warnings
Parameters: msg str (-) – What to print - Side-effects:
- Prints message to console in the WARNING stream
-
save
(path)¶ Save the TensorRT Engine to a PLAN file
Saves the TensorRT Engine to a PLAN file that can be used later. Note: This saves the only the internal TensorRT engine in the class not the Engine object and all provided settings.
Parameters: path str (-) – Desired path to save file
-
supported_data_format
(*input_data)¶ Dectects wether the provided data is one of the supported types
Parameters: input_data tuple Tuple of lists of data for input layers (-) – Returns: None
- Side-Effects:
- Sets the input format detected (LLCHW, LNCHW, LCHW, ZNCHW, NCHW, CHW)
Raises: - ``Value Error`` – Unsupported data format
-
transform_to_LNCHW
(*input_data)¶ Converts supported data formats to LNCHW
Converts data from LLCHW, LCHW, ZNCHW, NCHW, CHW to LNCHW (List of batches)
For LLCHW, ZNCHW, LNCHW; batch size (Length of internal lists) must be smaller than the engine’s max batch size (default: 1)
Parameters: input_data tuple Tuple of lists of data for input layers (-) – Returns: Data formated as a list of batches for inference Return type: list
Raises: - ``Value Error`` – Batch size too large
-
uniform_data_format
(*input_data)¶ Verifies that the data format is uniform accross all input layers and that it is uniform accross batches
Parameters: input_data tuple Tuple of lists of data for input layers (-) – Returns: None
Raises: - ``Value Error`` – If number of batches, batch size or CHW dims differ or if the batch size is too big
-
verify_data_type
(input_data)¶ Verifies if the data type is the expected type for the engine
Verifies if the data type is the expected type for the engine, will attempt to convert the data to the expected type.
Will provide a warning if a different data type is detected. May be the cause of incorrect results from the engine, if the data cannot be converted.
Parameters: input_data list (-) – List of LNCHW data Returns: List of LNCHW data with the correct type Return type: list
- Side-Effects:
- If data type is changed, warning will be printed in the engine logger, make sure logger severity is to at least warning to see.


Datawake Graph Viewer
Select a graph projection from the list to display it.
Large vertices with directed edges represent the browse path (pages visited).
Smaller vertices are adjacent pages which were not visited, and are catagorized by their domain.


### What was new?
- InterPro Client
- ES2015 + React
- Single Page Application
- Functionality to browse data from different endpoints (e.g. protein, entry)
- Client cache
- Basic offline support
- Code splitting
- Minified and pre-compressed to optimise load.
- InterPro API and its databases.
- Python + Django
- MySQL as for main entities.
- Elastic search as a denormalised table
- Multiple endpoints
- Release procedures
- Python
- Reproducible
- Resumable
### Pre-release Day
- Website was on beta for almost a year
1. Link internally shared
2. Link on the website.
3. Users can choose to use it by default
- Multiple stress tests of the API
- Internal test days
---
- Continuous development during this period
- Improvements on API (SD disks for ES)
- Usability issues
- Missing and improved features
##### Listen to your curators!!!
### 1. Speed
The API wasn't ready to deal with the load (~3.5K users per day)
Our stress tests were not well designed. Their biggest problem: **All the request came from a single source.**
### 1. Speed (Solution)
- More and better API facing machines
- Improvements in the cache
---
![new server](https://www.pressstart.co.uk/images/easyblog_shared/September_2019/9-16-19/b2ap3_large_server_101536916_400.jpg)
### 2. Habits
Heavy users have routines, and a new website breaks their workflow. They don't like that.
### 2. Habits (Solution?)
You, as a developer are going to need a thick skin and patience to show the user the benefits of new features.
---
But be receptive as you might have missed something and that feedback might be showing you what.
![Patience](https://media.giphy.com/media/j5oQQW3YArV0cVZowy/giphy.gif)
### 3. Careful what you wish for
Our users started using our API programatically 😀
It affected the performance of the website 😭
### 3. Careful what you wish for (Solution)
We have 2 internet facing APIs:
1. `/wwwapi` deal with requests from the website.
2. `/api` for programatic access.
![Split](https://media.giphy.com/media/26zzkFIEP28v1vVwA/giphy.gif)
### 4. Minor bugs
Of course there were plenty of minor bugs and improvements necessary, so no worries you still are gonna have a job after the release.
![Minor bugs](https://media.giphy.com/media/4PWnyCi17jrjzBD8qD/giphy.gif)


Propaganda posters were inspired from Uncle Sam military draft posters in 1917. Avoiding the use of weapons, the poster evokes a sense of calling to remind Eastern Seaboardians what they are protecting. The call to action are supported by a QR code that will lead the observer to the COIN Defence Force careers page. Social Media and web URLs are also available to guide the observer to the landing page.
See the poster in more detail.
In this example, I was inspired by the ad displays in all Singapore public housing lift lobbies depicted below.


With this web application you can scan any valid EU Digital COVID Certificate to extract and display all the information it contains.


GroupBy
Software Engineer - 2018 to Present
Software Developer - Co-op - 2017
Autodesk
Software Developer - 2016
Veeva Systems
Intern Performance Engineer - 2016
IBI Group
Junior Developer - 2015
Toronto Transit Commision
C#.NET, Oracle & Crystal Reports Developer / IFS - 2014


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Starks
Lannisters
Targaryens
- Eddard
- Catelyn
- Robb
- Sansa
- Brandon
- Arya
- Rickon
- Tywin
- Cersei
- Jamie
- Tyrion
mood
account_box
Go To Baidu
Go To Google
icon button with text
Tooltop 1
this is a tooltip 1.
sksk
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
4
4
6
4
2
6 (8 tablet)
4 (6 tablet)
2 (4 phone)


| 19 Mar 1944 |
Sirhan Sirhan born, Jerusalem. |
| 1965 |
Employed as a stable boy at Santa Anita Racetrack. |
| 1968 |
Becomes a Rosicrucian. |
| 31 Jan 1968 |
Diary entry: "RFK must die." |
| 16 May 1968 |
Diary entry: "My determination to eliminate RFK is becoming more of an unshakable obsession." |
| 1 Jun 1968 |
Purchases two boxes, .22 hollow point ammunition. |
| 4 Jun 1968 |
Waits in the kitchen for RFK, then fires a gun repeatedly at the candidate. Among those that wrestle Sirhan to the ground are Rosy Grier, Rafer Johnson, and George Plimpton. |
| 17 Apr 1969 |
A jury finds Sirhan Sirhan guilty of the assassination of RFK. |
| 10 May 1982 |
Sirhan Sirhan tells a parole board: "If Robert Kennedy were alive today, he would not countenance singling me out for this kind of treatment." |


public class ScriptedDataSource extends TurnDataSourceImpl
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
ScriptedDataSource(Game game,
ActionType... types) |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
PowerUpCard |
choosePowerUpCard(java.util.List<PowerUpCard> cards) |
WeaponCard |
chooseWeaponCard(java.util.List<WeaponCard> cards) |
static int |
getNullPupIndex() |
static Tile |
getNullTile() |
static int |
getNullWeaponCardIndex() |
static int |
getUndoPupIndex() |
static Tile |
getUndoTile() |
static int |
getUndoWeaponCardIndex() |
int |
getWeaponCardLeftovers() |
void |
pushAcceptPayment() |
void |
pushFragment(java.lang.Integer fragment) |
void |
pushNullPayment() |
void |
pushNullPlayer() |
void |
pushPlayerFromMeta(Player p) |
void |
pushPupIndex(java.lang.Integer i) |
void |
pushTile(Tile tile) |
void |
pushUndoPayment() |
void |
pushUndoPlayer() |
void |
pushWeaponCardId(int id) |
void |
pushWeaponCardIndex(int i) |
ActionType |
requestAction(java.util.List<ActionType> actionTypeList)
Requests and retrieves an action from a given list
|
java.lang.Integer |
requestFragment(int cardID,
java.util.List<java.lang.Integer> fragments,
boolean forceChoice)
Used when requesting which specif effect to used of a weapon.
|
PaymentReceipt |
requestPayment(PaymentInvoice invoice,
java.lang.Integer choice)
Used when requesting payment.
|
Player |
requestPlayer(MetaPlayer metaPlayer,
PlayerSelector selector,
boolean forceChoice)
Used when requesting Player.
|
Tile |
requestTile(TileSelector selector,
boolean forceChoice) |
peekActor, popActor, pushActor
public ScriptedDataSource(Game game, ActionType... types)
public static Tile getUndoTile()
public static Tile getNullTile()
public void pushTile(Tile tile)
public void pushPupIndex(java.lang.Integer i)
public static int getUndoPupIndex()
public static int getNullPupIndex()
public ActionType requestAction(java.util.List<ActionType> actionTypeList) throws UndoException
TurnDataSource
requestAction
in interface TurnDataSource
requestAction
in class TurnDataSourceImpl
actionTypeList
- list of legal actions to choose fromUndoException
- if the user chooses to terminate their turnpublic void pushUndoPlayer()
public void pushNullPlayer()
public void pushPlayerFromMeta(Player p)
public Player requestPlayer(MetaPlayer metaPlayer, PlayerSelector selector, boolean forceChoice) throws UndoException
ActionDataSource
requestPlayer
in interface ActionDataSource
requestPlayer
in class TurnDataSourceImpl
metaPlayer
- the color on the weapon/powerup.selector
- the condition the returned player has to meet.forceChoice
- condition to loop until valid input is received.UndoException
public static int getUndoWeaponCardIndex()
public static int getNullWeaponCardIndex()
public void pushWeaponCardIndex(int i)
public void pushWeaponCardId(int id)
public int getWeaponCardLeftovers()
public WeaponCard chooseWeaponCard(java.util.List<WeaponCard> cards) throws UndoException
chooseWeaponCard
in interface ActionDataSource
chooseWeaponCard
in class TurnDataSourceImpl
UndoException
public PowerUpCard choosePowerUpCard(java.util.List<PowerUpCard> cards) throws UndoException
choosePowerUpCard
in interface ActionDataSource
choosePowerUpCard
in class TurnDataSourceImpl
UndoException
public Tile requestTile(TileSelector selector, boolean forceChoice) throws UndoException
requestTile
in interface ActionDataSource
requestTile
in class TurnDataSourceImpl
UndoException
public void pushFragment(java.lang.Integer fragment)
public java.lang.Integer requestFragment(int cardID, java.util.List<java.lang.Integer> fragments, boolean forceChoice) throws UndoException
ActionDataSource
requestFragment
in interface ActionDataSource
requestFragment
in class TurnDataSourceImpl
cardID
- weaponIDfragments
- list of the fragments idsforceChoice
- boolean used to compel to choose, effectively looping until a valid input is received.UndoException
- to allow Undopublic void pushAcceptPayment()
public void pushUndoPayment()
public void pushNullPayment()
public PaymentReceipt requestPayment(PaymentInvoice invoice, java.lang.Integer choice) throws UndoException
ActionDataSource
requestPayment
in interface ActionDataSource
requestPayment
in class TurnDataSourceImpl
invoice
- to be payed.choice
- if the payment is for a weapon it's the fragment to be payed, defaults to -1 otherwise.UndoException


We are Stuy Fission 310, an robotics team from Stuyvesant High School in NYC. Our team, is a dedicated group of students who participate in the FIRST Tech Challenge. We strive not only to excel in our competition, but also to spread the vision of STEM: science, technology, engineering, and math. We document our procedures to assist younger teams in their efforts, and we also do public demonstrations at events such as Maker Faire and the Tribeca Film Festival in the hopes of drawing new people into STEM fields. We do all this to become leaders in the fields of science and technology in the future and to inspire a younger generation to follow our footsteps and surpass our achievements.
President
Vice President
Head of Programming
Head of Engineering
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
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Member
Member
Member
Member


<EMAIL_ADDRESS>House no-67, Block-D, Lakecity, Akhalia, Sylhet, Bangladesh
+8801856314347, +8801626537171
We work for your own service. So, please feel free to share your experiance with us regarding any issue about our activites. Have a nice day, Sir.


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OTHELLO
Traditional
Modern Rules: Copyright (c) 1971 Goro HasegawaOthello is a two player game played on a 8x8 square board, with the following setup:
- DROP - Each player drops one stone of his own color on an empty cell, if at least one opponent stone is between that stone and another friendly stone (orthogonal or diagonal).
- All opponent stones that were between those stones flip their color.
- The flip may occur in more than one direction in the same turn.
- PASS - A player must pass if he has no valid drop.
- GOAL - When both players pass, wins the one with more stones.
An example [source] White has small mobility. How can Black achieve some advantage? Black plays at cell [1].
If White drops at h2, then Black continues with g3, then White must move g2, and Black has a superior advantage.
If White drops at g3, then Black h7, White g7, Black h2, White g2, and Black wins again!
Quoting the Othello FAQ: The origin of Othello is not known. We have not seen any proof of rumors that Othello arose from an old Chinese game called ``Fan Mian'' (claimed in E. O. Harbin, "Games of Many Nations", Abingdon Press, 1954). Lewis Waterman and John W. Mollett (both of London, England) both marketed games with similar rules in 1880. Mollett's game was called Annexation and was played on a cross-shaped board. Waterman's game was called Reversi and played on the familiar 8x8 square board. It is unclear whose version came first, but Waterman's board and name are in use today.
Othello is one the most popular abstract games in the net. You can check the official rules of Othello and some other links. There are also a lot of variations (Reversi is a variant where the board begins empty, and both players alternate in dropping the 4 stones in the center board square) and known openings. Here is also some material about tactics and strategy. Check also this website (in spanish).
Other related games are MacBeth, Gomullo (on a NxN board, win by making a N in-a-row), Desdemona (there are grey stones. When a player flips an enemy stone, it becomes grey. If a player flips a grey stone, it becomes a friendly stone.), and Iago (players initially place neutral obstacles on empty cells that cannot be flipped). Another variant, called Sacrifice Reversi (by Patrick Duff) with an extra rule: Instead of making a regular Reversi move, a player can choose to flip one of his own stones on board. There's also a KO rule to avoid repetitions.
Reversi can be mixed with Seega (let's call it Reveega) on a NxM board. First phase, play just like Othello. When the board is full, the next player to move removes one stone and the other player continues by playing like Seega (moving to empty cells with custodian captures). When both players reach a sterile position, wins who captured more stones.
A Bill Taylor's Reversi variant, 1-11 Reversi, present a game where each player makes three moves on each turn in the following sequence: one friendly drop, one enemy drop and one friendly drop. In the end, the final game score is a legal Reversi game. Here is a game sample where the first player won 33-31 after some desperate final moves (I underlined the moves of the second player to ease the reading):
a b c d e f g h
o o o o o o o x 1 d4 e4 11 g8 h8 21 b8 c8 31 b3 --
x x x x o o x o 2 d5 e4 12 g4 d6 22 d8 e8 32 g2 f2
x x x x o x o o 3 f5 c4 13 e7 f8 23 b4 h6 33 h1 33-31
x x x o x o o o 4 d3 f4 14 b2 a1 24 a5 a6
x x x x x x o o 5 e3 f6 15 c7 c6 25 a7 c5
x x x o x o o o 6 e6 d2 16 d7 c1 26 h4 f7
x x x x o o o o 7 d1 c3 17 b1 g1 27 a2 a4
x x x x o o o o 8 g5 e1 18 e2 b7 28 a3 g3 9 g6 g7 19 a8 b6 29 h3 h2 10 f1 h5 20 c2 h7 30 b5 f3Another Taylor variant is Biversi. On a 10x10 toroidal board, with two reversi start patterns (one crossed and one parallel) set up antipodal to each other. Play mechanics and game object as at Reversi, but with a 1222 progressive mutator. The two moves per turn must be played one in each section as long as they remain disjoint; after which moves may be played anywhere legal.
Here is an initial Biversi game:
a b c d e f g h i j
o o . . x . . . . . 1. . c4 d4 g9
. o x x . . . . . . 2.  3.  4. b4 i7 j7 a5
x x x x o . . . x x 5. a7 e5 f6 j10
. o .  9. h9 i6
. o . . . x . . x o 10.In Impartial Othello (by Jeff Erickson) either player can place a stone of either color and flip stones of the opposite color. The winner is determined by the color of the last stone. So if there are more white pieces, and the last player played white, he wins.
As in Macbeth, Revertello (by Fred Horn, 2004) uses an hexagonal board. The game starts with the following setup:
Revertello rules are as in Othello but with an exception: the player must pick only two directions to flip stones (from the six possible).
Othello is one of those games where computers are better players than humans. Here is a list of several playing programs, you can check Ajax a pretty and pretty strong applet. You can also play and read extensive information about the game at the MindSports Arena.


Workout Buddy
Match with your ideal workout buddy!
Fitness Quiz
Name
Picture (URL Link)
Which of the type of exercises is your favorite?
Weight lifting
Jogging
Crossfit
Dancing
Swimming
Where is your favorite work-out spot?
Gym
Track
Park
Studio/class setting
Pool
What's your favorite Chest exercise?
Barbell bench chest press
Dumbbell bench chest press
Push-ups
Flyes on machine
Chest press on machine
What's your favorite Upper-Back exercise?
Pull-ups
Lat Pull-down on machine
Rows on machine
Rows with dumbbells
Pulldowns with dumbbells
What's your favorite Lower-Back exercise?
Barbell deadlift
Dumbbell deadlift
Kettlebell swings
Hyperextension
Seated Back extension on machine
What's your favorite Leg exercise?
Barbell squat
Dumbbell dumbbell
Kettlebell lounges
Bodyweight squat
Leg press on machine
What's your favorite Abs exercise?
Planck
Crunches
Elbow to knee
Plate twist
Rope crunch
What's your favorite Pre-work-out supplement?
Coffee
Creatine
Amino acids
Spinach
Banana
What's your favorite Post-work-out supplement?
Whey protein
Casein
Amino acids
Creatine
Banana
Which is your prefered work-out neighborhood in SF?
The mission
The marina
Mission bay
Pacific heights
Noe valley
Submit
Your ideal workout buddy is:


Priest Bastian:
Elmore has always respected the military arts. Even the Temple of Einhasad here in Goddard reflects that martial heritage.
Of course, this doesn't mean we advocate violence. But we acknowledge that sometimes military might is necessary to protect the peace. That is what history teaches us.
Learn skills.
Ask about Skill Transfer.
Ask about Skill Enchanting.
Quest


1. Introduction
This section is informative.
Pseudo-elements represent abstract elements of the document beyond those elements explicitly created by the document language. Since they are not restricted to fitting into the document tree, they can be used to select and style portions of the document that do not necessarily map to the document’s tree structure. For instance, the ::first-line pseudo-element can select content on the first formatted line of an element after text wrapping, allowing just that line to be styled differently from the rest of the paragraph.
Each pseudo-element is associated with an originating element and has syntax of the form ::name-of-pseudo. This module defines the pseudo-elements that exist in CSS and how they can be styled. For more information on pseudo-elements in general, and on their syntax and interaction with other selectors, see [SELECTORS-4].
2. Typographic Pseudo-elements
2.1. The ::first-line pseudo-element
The ::first-line pseudo-element describes the contents of the first formatted line of its originating element.
p
element to uppercase”:
p::first-line { text-transform : uppercase}
The selector p::first-line does not match any real document element.
It does match a pseudo-element that conforming user agents
will insert at the beginning of every p
element.
Note: Note that the length of the first line depends on a number of factors, including the width of the page, the font size, etc.

This is a somewhat long HTML paragraph that will be broken into several lines. The first line will be identified by a fictional tag sequence. The other lines will be treated as ordinary lines in the paragraph.

The lines might be broken as follows:
THIS IS A SOMEWHAT LONG HTML PARAGRAPH THAT will be broken into several lines. The first line will be identified by a fictional tag sequence. The other lines will be treated as ordinary lines in the paragraph.
This paragraph might be “rewritten” by user agents to include a fictional tag sequence to represent ::first-line. This fictional tag sequence helps to show how properties are inherited.

 This is a somewhat long HTML paragraph that
 will be broken into several lines. The first line will be identified by a fictional tag sequence. The other lines will be treated as ordinary lines in the paragraph.

If a pseudo-element breaks up a real element, the desired effect can often be described by a fictional tag sequence that closes and then re-opens the element.
span
element encompassing the first sentence:

 This is a somewhat long HTML paragraph that will be broken into several lines. The first line will be identified by a fictional tag sequence. The other lines will be treated as ordinary lines in the paragraph.

the user agent could simulate start and end tags for span
when inserting the fictional tag sequence for ::first-line to get the correct inheritance behavior.

 This is a somewhat long HTML paragraph that will
 be broken into several lines. The first line will be identified by a fictional tag sequence. The other lines will be treated as ordinary lines in the paragraph.

2.1.1. Finding the First Formatted Line
In CSS, the ::first-line pseudo-element can only have an effect when attached to a block container. The first formatted line of an element must occur inside a block-level descendant in the same flow (i.e., a block-level descendant that is not out-of-flow due to floating or positioning).
DIV
in

This line...

is the first line of the P
(assuming that both P
and DIV
are blocks). The first line of a table-cell or inline-block
cannot be the first formatted line of an ancestor element.
Thus, in

Hello
Goodbye
 etcetera

the first formatted line of the DIV
is not the line "Hello".
Note: Note that the first line of the p
in this fragment:

First...
doesn’t contain any letters (assuming the default style for br
).
The word "First" is not on the first formatted line.
A user agent must act as if the fictional start tags of a ::first-line pseudo-element were nested just inside the innermost enclosing block-level element.

First paragraph

Second paragraph

is

First paragraph

Second paragraph

2.1.2. Styling the First Line Pseudo-element
The ::first-line pseudo-element’s generated box behaves similar to that of an inline-level element, but with certain restrictions. The following CSS properties apply to a ::first-line pseudo-element:
- all font properties (see [CSS-FONTS-3])
- the color and opacity properties (see [CSS-COLOR-3])
- all background properties (see [CSS-BACKGROUNDS-3])
- any typesetting properties that apply to inline elements (see [CSS-TEXT-3])
- all text decoration properties (see [CSS-TEXT-DECOR-3])
- the ruby-position property (see [CSS-RUBY-1])
- any inline layout properties that apply to inline elements (see [CSS-INLINE-3])
- any other properties defined to apply to ::first-line by their respective specifications
2.1.3. Inheritance and the ::first-line Pseudo-element
During CSS inheritance, the portion of a child element that occurs on the first line only inherits properties applicable to the ::first-line pseudo-element from the ::first-line pseudo-element. For all other properties inheritance is from the non-pseudo-element parent of the first line pseudo element. (The portion of a child element that does not occur on the first line always inherits from the parent of that child.)
2.2. The ::first-letter pseudo-element
The ::first-letter pseudo-element represents the first typographic letter unit [CSS-TEXT-3] on the first formatted line of its originating element, if it is not preceded by any other content (such as images or inline tables) on its line. The ::first-letter pseudo-element can be used to create “initial caps” and “drop caps”, which are common typographic effects.
h2 + p::first-letter { initial-letter : 2 ; }
Punctuation (i.e, characters that belong to the Punctuation (P*
) Unicode general category [UAX44])
that precedes or follows the first typographic letter unit must also be included
in the ::first-letter pseudo-element.
As explained in [CSS-TEXT-3], a typographic letter unit can include more than one Unicode codepoint. For example, combining characters must be kept with their base character. Also, languages may have additional rules about how to treat certain letter combinations. In Dutch, for example, if the letter combination "ij" appears at the beginning of an element, both letters should be considered within the ::first-letter pseudo-element. [UAX29] The UA should tailor its definition of typographic letter unit to reflect the first-letter traditions of the ::first-letter pseudo-element’s containing block’s content language.
Note: Note that the first typographic letter unit may in fact be a digit, e.g., the “6” in “67 million dollars is a lot of money.”
If the characters that would form the ::first-letter are not in the same element, such as ‘T
in
‘T...
,
the user agent may create a ::first-letter pseudo-element
from one of the elements, both elements, or simply not create a pseudo-element.
Additionally, if the first letter(s) of the block
are not at the start of the line (for example due to bidirectional reordering),
then the user agent need not create the pseudo-element(s).
The ::first-letter pseudo-element is contained within any ::first-line pseudo-elements, and thus inherits from ::first-line.
2.2.1. Finding the First Letter
The first letter must occur on the first formatted line.
For example, in this HTML fragment:

First...
the first line doesn’t contain any letters
and ::first-letter doesn’t match anything.
In particular, it does not match the “F” of “First”.
In CSS, the ::first-letter pseudo-element only applies to block containers. A future version of this specification may allow this pseudo-element to apply to more display types. The ::first-letter pseudo-element can be used with all such elements that contain text, or that have a descendant in the same flow that contains text. A user agent should act as if the fictional start tag of the ::first-letter pseudo-element is just before the first text of the element, even if that first text is in a descendant.

The first text.
is:

T</...></...>he first text.
In CSS the first letter of a table-cell or inline-block
cannot be the first letter of an ancestor element.
Thus, in

Hello
Goodbye
 etcetera

the first letter of the DIV
is not the letter "H".
In fact, the DIV
doesn’t have a first letter.
If an element is a list item (display: list-item),
the ::first-letter applies
to the first letter in the principal box after the marker.
User-Agents may ignore ::first-letter on list items with list-style-position: inside.
If an element has ::before or ::after content,
the ::first-letter applies to the first letter of the
element including that content.
2.2.2. Styling the ::first-letter Pseudo-element
In CSS a ::first-letter pseudo-element is similar to an inline-level element. The following properties that apply to ::first-letter pseudo-elements:
- all font properties (see [CSS-FONTS-3])
- the color and opacity properties (see [CSS-COLOR-3])
- all background properties (see [CSS-BACKGROUNDS-3])
- any typesetting properties that apply to inline elements (see [CSS-TEXT-3])
- all text decoration properties (see [CSS-TEXT-DECOR-3])
- any inline layout properties that apply to inline elements (see [CSS-INLINE-3])
- margin and padding properties (see [CSS2])
- border properties and box-shadow (see [CSS-BACKGROUNDS-3])
- any other properties defined to apply to ::first-letter by their respective specifications
User agents may apply other properties as well.
Note: In previous levels of CSS, User Agents were allowed to choose a line height, width and height based on the shape of the letter, approximate font sizes, or to take the glyph outline into account when formatting. This possibility has been intentionally removed, as it proved to be a poor solution for the intended use case (Drop Caps), yet caused interoperability problems.
p { line-height : 1.1 } p::first-letter { font-size : 3 em ; font-weight : normal} span { font-weight : bold} ...
Het hemelsche gerecht heeft zich ten lange lesten
 Erbarremt over my en mijn benaeuwde vesten
 En arme burgery, en op mijn volcx gebed
 En dagelix geschrey de bange stad ontzet.
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">   <TITLE>Drop cap initial letter</TITLE>
The first few words of an article in The Economist.

This example might be formatted as follows:
The fictional tag sequence is:

 T
he first  few words of an article in the Economist.

Note that the ::first-letter pseudo-element tags abut the content (i.e., the initial character), while the ::first-line pseudo-element start tag is inserted right after the start tag of the block element.
3. Highlight Pseudo-elements
3.1. Selecting Highlighted Content: the ::selection, ::inactive-selection, ::spelling-error, and ::grammar-error pseudo-elements
The highlight pseudo-elements represent portions of a document that have been given a particular status and are typically styled differently to indicate that status to the user. For example, selected portions of the document are typically highlighted (given alternate background and foreground colors, or a color wash) to indicate their selected status. The following highlight pseudo-elements are defined:
- ::selection
- ::inactive-selection
-
The ::selection and ::inactive-selection pseudo-elements represent
the portion of a document that has been selected
as the target or object of some possible future user-agent operation(s).
They apply, for example, to selected text within an editable text field,
which would be copied by a copy operation or replaced by a paste operation.
::selection applies to active selections, whereas ::inactive-selection applies to inactive selections (e.g. when the document window is inactive and therefore not receiving events).
- ::spelling-error
- The ::spelling-error pseudo-element represents a portion of text that has been flagged by the user agent as misspelled.
- ::grammar-error
- The ::grammar-error pseudo-element represents a portion of text that has been flagged by the user agent as grammatically incorrect.
The highlight pseudo-elements do not necessarily fit into the element tree, and can arbitrarily cross element boundaries without honoring its nesting structure.
The following addition is made to the default UA stylesheet:
/* Represent default spelling/grammar error styling in an adjustable way */
:root::spelling-error { text-decoration-line : spelling-error; }
:root::grammar-error { text-decoration-line : grammar-error; }
/* Ensure contrast on text with shadows */
:root::selection { text-shadow : none; }
Note: A future level of CSS may introduce ways to create custom highlight pseudo-elements.
3.2. Styling Highlights
The highlight pseudo-elements can only be styled by a limited set of properties that do not affect layout. The following properties apply to the highlight pseudo-elements:
- color
- background-color
- cursor
- caret-color
- text-decoration and its associated properties
- text-shadow
- stroke-color, fill-color, and stroke-width
Are there any other properties that should be included here?
The color property specifies the color of both the text and all line decorations (underline, overline, line-through) and emphasis marks (text-emphasis) applied to the text by the originating element and its ancestors and descendants.
Note: Historically (and at the time of writing) only color and background-color have been interoperably supported.
3.3. Area of a Highlight
For each type of highlighting (see § 3.1 Selecting Highlighted Content: the ::selection, ::inactive-selection, ::spelling-error, and ::grammar-error pseudo-elements) there exists a single highlight overlay for the entire document, the active portions of which are represented by the corresponding highlight pseudo-element. Each box owns the piece of the overlay corresponding to any text or replaced content directly contained by the box.
- For text, the corresponding overlay must cover at least the entire em box and may extend further above/below the em box to the line box edges. Spacing between two characters may also be part of the overlay area, in which case it belongs to the innermost element that contains both characters and is selected when both characters are selected.
- For replaced content, the associated overlay must cover at least the entire replaced object, and may extend outward to include the element’s entire content box.
- The overlay may also include other other areas within the border-box of an element; in this case, those areas belong to the innermost such element that contains the area.
See F2F minutes, dbaron’s message, Daniel’s thread, Gecko notes, Opera notes, Webkit notes
Not sure if this is the correct way of describing the way things work.
3.4. Cascading and Per-Element Highlight Styles
Each element draws its own active portions of the highlight overlays, which receives the styles specified by the corresponding highlight pseudo-element styles for which that element is the originating element. When multiple styles conflict, the winning style is determined by the cascade. When any supported property is not given a value by the cascade, it’s value is determined by inheritance from the corresponding highlight pseudo-element of its originating element’s parent element (regardless of whether that property is an inherited property).
p::selection { color : yellow; background : green; } p > em::selection { color : orange; } em::selection { color : red; }
to the following markup:

Highlight this and this.

The selection highlight would be green throughout,
with yellow text outside the
element
and orange text inside it.
Authors wanting multiple selections styles should use :root::selection for their document-wide selection style, since this will allow clean overriding in descendants. ::selection alone applies to every element in the tree, overriding the more specific styles of any ancestors.
::selection { background : blue; } p.warning::selection { background : red; }
and the document included

Some very important information

The highlight would be blue over “very important information”
because the
element´s ::selection also matches the ::selection { background: blue; } rule.
(Remember that * is implied when a tag selector is missing.)
The style rules that would give the intended behavior
(red highlight within p.warning
, blue elsewhere) are
:root::selection { background : blue; } p.warning::selection { background : red; }
The UA should use the OS-default highlight colors for ::selection when neither color nor background-color has been specified by the author.
Note: This paired-cascading behavior does not allow using the normal cascade (i.g. :root::selection rules in the UA style sheet) to represent the OS default selection colors. However it has been interoperably implemented in browsers and is thus probably a Web-compatibility requirement.
3.5. Painting the Highlight
Each highlight pseudo-element draws its background over the corresponding portion of the highlight overlay, painting it immediately below any positioned descendants (i.e. just before step 8 in CSS2.1§E.2). The ::selection overlay is drawn over the ::spelling-error overlay which is drawn over the ::grammar-error overlay.
A highlight pseudo-element also suppresses the drawing of any selected text (and any text decorations applied to that text). Instead the topmost active highlight overlay redraws that text (and its decorations) over the highlight overlay backgrounds using its own color, with currentColor on its color property representing the color of the next highlight pseudo-element layer below, falling back finally to that of the originating element (the colors that would otherwise be used). Any text decorations introduced by each highlight pseudo-element are stacked in the same order as their backgrounds over the text’s original decorations and are all drawn, in their own colors.
Note: The element’s own text decorations (both line decorations and emphasis marks) are thus drawn in the pseudo-element’s own color when that is not currentColor, regardless of their original color or fill specifications.
What should happen with text shadows? Drawing them in their original color is disconcerting if that color is not a shade of gray. Maybe if the overlay has a background, suppress any text shadows below it?
For non-replaced content, the UA must honor the color and background-color (including their alpha channels) as specified. However, for replaced content, the UA should create a semi-transparent wash to coat the content so that it can show through the selection. This wash should be of the specified background-color if that is not transparent, else of the specified color; however the UA may adjust the alpha channel.
3.6. Security and Privacy Considerations
Because the styling of spelling and grammar errors can leak information about the contents of a user’s dictionary (which can include the user’s name and even includes the contents of his/her address book!) UAs that implement ::spelling-error and ::grammar-error must prevent pages from being able to read the styling of such highlighted segments.
4. Tree-Abiding Pseudo-elements
Tree-abiding pseudo-elements always fit within the box tree. They inherit any inheritable properties from their originating element; non-inheritable properties take their initial values as usual. [CSS-CASCADE-4]
4.1. Generated Content Pseudo-elements: ::before and ::after
When their computed content value is not none, these pseudo-elements generate boxes as if they were immediate children of their originating element, and can be styled exactly like any normal document-sourced element in the document tree.
- ::before
- Represents a styleable child pseudo-element immediately before the originating element’s actual content.
- ::after
- Represents a styleable child pseudo-element immediately after the originating element’s actual content.

element
whose class
attribute has the value note
:
p.note::before { content : "Note: " }
Since the initial value of display is inline,
this will generate an inline box.
Like other inline children of

,
it will participate in

’s inline formatting context,
potentially sharing a line with other content.
As with the content of regular elements, the generated content of ::before and :after pseudo-elements may be included in any ::first-line and ::first-letter pseudo-elements applied to its originating element.
4.2. List Markers: the ::marker pseudo-element
The ::marker pseudo-element represents the automatically generated marker box of a list item. (See [CSS-DISPLAY-3] and [CSS-LISTS-3].)
The following CSS properties apply to a ::marker pseudo-element:
- all font properties (see [CSS-FONTS-3])
- the white-space property (see [CSS-TEXT-3])
- the color property (see [CSS-COLOR-3])
- the text-combine-upright, unicode-bidi, and direction properties (see [CSS-WRITING-MODES-3])
- the content property (see [CSS-LISTS-3])
It is expected that future specifications will extend this list of properties; however at the moment marker box layout is not fully defined, so only these properties are allowed.
UAs must add the following rule to their default style sheet:
::marker, ::before::marker, ::after::marker { unicode-bidi : isolate; font-variant-numeric : tabular-nums; }
Note: Although the ::marker pseudo-element can represent
the marker box of a ::before or ::after pseudo-element,
the compound selector ::marker,
which expands to *::marker [SELECTORS-4],
will not select these markers—
4.3. Placeholder Input: the ::placeholder pseudo-element
The ::placeholder pseudo-element represents placeholder text in an input field: text that represents the input and provides a hint to the user on how to fill out the form. For example, a date-input field might have the placeholder text “YYYY/MM/DD” to clarify that numeric dates are to be entered in year-month-day order.
Note: There also exists a :placeholder-shown pseudo-class, which applies to (real) elements while they are showing placeholder text, and can be used to style such elements specially. ::placeholder specifically selects a pseudo-element representing the placeholder text, and is thus relatively limited in its abilities.
All properties that apply to the ::first-line pseudo-element also apply to the ::placeholder pseudo-element.
In interactive media, placeholder text is often hidden once the user has entered input; however this is not a requirement, and both the input value and the placeholder text may be visible simultaneously. The exact behavior is UA-defined. Note that in static media (such as print) placeholder text will be present even after the user has entered input.
Authors seem to want text-align on the list of supported properties. See e.g. comments here.
Note: It’s been requested that ::placeholder also refer to a placeholder which has a corresponding element in the element tree. It’s not clear how this should work, but it may be worth doing. See Issue 2417.
5. Overlapping Pseudo-element Interactions
- the contents of ::before and ::after are selected exactly as if they were normal elements in the document source tree
- the ::first-letter boundaries are tightly wrapped around the first letter text, and ::first-letter is constrained to exist solely on the first formatted line.
- the ::first-line start is inserted just inside the containing block’s element boundary, and its end after the close of all content on the line
The following CSS and HTML example illustrates how overlapping pseudo-elements interact:
< style > p { color : red ; font-size : 12 pt } p :: first-letter { color : green ; font-size : 200 % } p :: first-line { color : blue } </ style >
 Some text that ends up on two lines

The first letter of each P element will be green with a font size of ’24pt'. The rest of the first formatted line will be blue while the rest of the paragraph will be red.
Assuming that a line break will occur before the word "ends", the fictional tag sequence for this fragment might be:

 S
 ome text that
 ends up on two lines

6. Additions to the CSS Object Model
6.1. CSSPseudoElement
Interface
The CSSPseudoElement
interface
allows pseudo-elements to be event targets.
[Exposed =Window ]interface :
CSSPseudoElement EventTarget {readonly attribute CSSOMString type ;readonly attribute Element element ; };
The type
attribute
is a string representing the type of the pseudo-element.
This can be one of the following values:
"::before"
- Represents the ::before pseudo-element.
"::after"
- Represents the ::after pseudo-element.
"::marker"
- Represents the ::marker pseudo-element.
The element
attribute is the originating element of the pseudo-element.
Note: This interface may be extended in the future
to other pseudo-element types
and/or to allow setting style information
through a CSSStyleDeclaration
style
attribute.
The current functionality is limited
to that which is needed to support [web-animations-1].
6.2. pseudo()
method of the Element
interface
A new method is added to the Element
interface to retrieve
pseudo-elements created by a given element for a given type:
partial interface Element {CSSPseudoElement ?pseudo (CSSOMString ); };
type
pseudo(CSSOMString type)
method
is used to retrieve the CSSPseudoElement
instance
of the type matching type
associated with the element.
When it is called,
execute the following steps:
-
Parse the
type
argument as a <pseudo-element-selector>, and let type be the result. -
If type is failure, return null.
-
Otherwise, return the
CSSPseudoElement
object representing the pseudo-element that would match the selector type with this as its originating element.
Return values that represent the same pseudo-element on the same originating element must be, insofar as observable,
always the same CSSPseudoElement
object.
(The UA may drop or regenerate the object for convenience or performance
if this is not observable.)
The identity, lifetime, and nullness of the return value
(and potential error cases)
of the pseudo()
method is still under discussion.
See Issue 3607 and Issue 3603.
7. Compatibilitiy Syntax
For compatibility with existing style sheets written against CSS Level 2 [CSS2],
user agents must also accept the previous one-colon notation
(:before
, :after
, :first-letter
, :first-line
)
for the ::before, ::after, ::first-letter, and ::first-line pseudo-elements.
Changes
Changes since the 25 February 2019 Working Draft include:
- Added ::marker to types allowed for
CSSPseudoElement
interface. - Clarified return value of
pseudo()
. - Added content, unicode-bidi, and direction to properties allowed on ::marker.
- Added ruby-position to properties allowed on ::first-line, analogous with text-emphasis-position. (Issue 2998)
Changes since the 7 June 2016 Working Draft include:
- Specified spelling-error and grammar-error with ::spelling-error and ::grammar-error in the UA stylesheet.
- Redefined value propagation between parent/child highlight pseudo-elements to use inheritance rather than cascading. See discussion in and linked from Issue 2474.
- Refined list of supported properties for highlight pseudo-elements, e.g. adding stroke-color/fill-color, removing outline, etc.
- Clarified how text and text decoration colors are painted for highlight pseudo-elements.
- Added the
element
attribute to theCSSPseudoElement
interface. - Changed the values of the
type
attribute on theCSSPseudoElement
interface to match the corresponding pseudo-elements. - Reduced supported types of
CSSPseudoElement
and removed unimplementedstyle
attribute. - Changed
window.getPseudoElements(elem,type)
toElement.pseudo(type)
. - Miscellaneous minor clarifications and fixes.
Acknowledgements
The editors would like to thank the following individuals for their contributions, either during the conception of the specification or during its development and specification review process: Tab Atkins, David Baron, Razvan Caliman, Chris Coyier, Anders Grimsrud, Vincent Hardy.


Please refer to TEP 108 for more information about this component and its
intended use.
This component provides the Resource, ResourceRequested, ArbiterInfo,
and ResourceDefaultOwner interfaces and uses the ResourceConfigure interface as
described in TEP 108. It provides arbitration to a shared resource.
A Queue is used to keep track of which users have put
in requests for the resource. Upon the release of the resource by one
of these users, the queue is checked and the next user
that has a pending request will ge granted control of the resource. If
there are no pending requests, then the user of the ResourceDefaultOwner
interface gains access to the resource, and holds onto it until
another user makes a request.


# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
# or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
# distributed with this work for additional information
# regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
# with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
# KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
# specific language governing permissions and limitations
# under the License.
#
import os
import subprocess
import tempfile
from airflow import AirflowException
from airflow.contrib.hooks.gcp_container_hook import GKEClusterHook
from airflow.contrib.operators.kubernetes_pod_operator import KubernetesPodOperator
from airflow.models import BaseOperator
from airflow.utils.decorators import apply_defaults
[docs]class GKEClusterDeleteOperator(BaseOperator):
"""
Deletes the cluster, including the Kubernetes endpoint and all worker nodes.
To delete a certain cluster, you must specify the ``project_id``, the ``name``
of the cluster, the ``location`` that the cluster is in, and the ``task_id``.
**Operator Creation**: ::
operator = GKEClusterDeleteOperator(
task_id='cluster_delete',
project_id='my-project',
location='cluster-location'
name='cluster-name')
.. seealso::
For more detail about deleting clusters have a look at the reference:
https://google-cloud-python.readthedocs.io/en/latest/container/gapic/v1/api.html#google.cloud.container_v1.ClusterManagerClient.delete_cluster
:param project_id: The Google Developers Console [project ID or project number]
:type project_id: str
:param name: The name of the resource to delete, in this case cluster name
:type name: str
:param location: The name of the Google Compute Engine zone in which the cluster
resides.
:type location: str
:param gcp_conn_id: The connection ID to use connecting to Google Cloud Platform.
:type gcp_conn_id: str
:param api_version: The api version to use
:type api_version: str
"""
[docs] template_fields = ['project_id', 'gcp_conn_id', 'name', 'location', 'api_version']
@apply_defaults
def __init__(self,
project_id,
name,
location,
gcp_conn_id='google_cloud_default',
api_version='v2',
*args,
**kwargs):
super(GKEClusterDeleteOperator, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.project_id = project_id
self.gcp_conn_id = gcp_conn_id
self.location = location
self.api_version = api_version
self.name = name
[docs] def execute(self, context):
self._check_input()
hook = GKEClusterHook(gcp_conn_id=self.gcp_conn_id, location=self.location)
delete_result = hook.delete_cluster(name=self.name, project_id=self.project_id)
return delete_result
[docs]class GKEClusterCreateOperator(BaseOperator):
"""
Create a Google Kubernetes Engine Cluster of specified dimensions
The operator will wait until the cluster is created.
The **minimum** required to define a cluster to create is:
``dict()`` ::
cluster_def = {'name': 'my-cluster-name',
'initial_node_count': 1}
or
``Cluster`` proto ::
from google.cloud.container_v1.types import Cluster
cluster_def = Cluster(name='my-cluster-name', initial_node_count=1)
**Operator Creation**: ::
operator = GKEClusterCreateOperator(
task_id='cluster_create',
project_id='my-project',
location='my-location'
body=cluster_def)
.. seealso::
For more detail on about creating clusters have a look at the reference:
:class:`google.cloud.container_v1.types.Cluster`
:param project_id: The Google Developers Console [project ID or project number]
:type project_id: str
:param location: The name of the Google Compute Engine zone in which the cluster
resides.
:type location: str
:param body: The Cluster definition to create, can be protobuf or python dict, if
dict it must match protobuf message Cluster
:type body: dict or google.cloud.container_v1.types.Cluster
:param gcp_conn_id: The connection ID to use connecting to Google Cloud Platform.
:type gcp_conn_id: str
:param api_version: The api version to use
:type api_version: str
"""
[docs] template_fields = ['project_id', 'gcp_conn_id', 'location', 'api_version', 'body']
@apply_defaults
def __init__(self,
project_id,
location,
body=None,
gcp_conn_id='google_cloud_default',
api_version='v2',
*args,
**kwargs):
super(GKEClusterCreateOperator, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
if body is None:
body = {}
self.project_id = project_id
self.gcp_conn_id = gcp_conn_id
self.location = location
self.api_version = api_version
self.body = body
[docs] def execute(self, context):
self._check_input()
hook = GKEClusterHook(gcp_conn_id=self.gcp_conn_id, location=self.location)
create_op = hook.create_cluster(cluster=self.body, project_id=self.project_id)
return create_op
[docs]KUBE_CONFIG_ENV_VAR = "KUBECONFIG"
[docs]G_APP_CRED = "GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS"
[docs]class GKEPodOperator(KubernetesPodOperator):
"""
Executes a task in a Kubernetes pod in the specified Google Kubernetes
Engine cluster
This Operator assumes that the system has gcloud installed and either
has working default application credentials or has configured a
connection id with a service account.
The **minimum** required to define a cluster to create are the variables
``task_id``, ``project_id``, ``location``, ``cluster_name``, ``name``,
``namespace``, and ``image``
**Operator Creation**: ::
operator = GKEPodOperator(task_id='pod_op',
project_id='my-project',
location='us-central1-a',
cluster_name='my-cluster-name',
name='task-name',
namespace='default',
image='perl')
.. seealso::
For more detail about application authentication have a look at the reference:
https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/production#providing_credentials_to_your_application
:param project_id: The Google Developers Console project id
:type project_id: str
:param location: The name of the Google Kubernetes Engine zone in which the
cluster resides, e.g. 'us-central1-a'
:type location: str
:param cluster_name: The name of the Google Kubernetes Engine cluster the pod
should be spawned in
:type cluster_name: str
:param gcp_conn_id: The google cloud connection id to use. This allows for
users to specify a service account.
:type gcp_conn_id: str
"""
[docs] template_fields = ('project_id', 'location',
'cluster_name') + KubernetesPodOperator.template_fields
@apply_defaults
def __init__(self,
project_id,
location,
cluster_name,
gcp_conn_id='google_cloud_default',
*args,
**kwargs):
super(GKEPodOperator, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.project_id = project_id
self.location = location
self.cluster_name = cluster_name
self.gcp_conn_id = gcp_conn_id
[docs] def execute(self, context):
# Specifying a service account file allows the user to using non default
# authentication for creating a Kubernetes Pod. This is done by setting the
# environment variable `GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS` that gcloud looks at.
key_file = None
# If gcp_conn_id is not specified gcloud will use the default
# service account credentials.
if self.gcp_conn_id:
from airflow.hooks.base_hook import BaseHook
# extras is a deserialized json object
extras = BaseHook.get_connection(self.gcp_conn_id).extra_dejson
# key_file only gets set if a json file is created from a JSON string in
# the web ui, else none
key_file = self._set_env_from_extras(extras=extras)
# Write config to a temp file and set the environment variable to point to it.
# This is to avoid race conditions of reading/writing a single file
with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as conf_file:
os.environ[KUBE_CONFIG_ENV_VAR] = conf_file.name
# Attempt to get/update credentials
# We call gcloud directly instead of using google-cloud-python api
# because there is no way to write kubernetes config to a file, which is
# required by KubernetesPodOperator.
# The gcloud command looks at the env variable `KUBECONFIG` for where to save
# the kubernetes config file.
subprocess.check_call(
["gcloud", "container", "clusters", "get-credentials",
self.cluster_name,
"--zone", self.location,
"--project", self.project_id])
# Since the key file is of type mkstemp() closing the file will delete it from
# the file system so it cannot be accessed after we don't need it anymore
if key_file:
key_file.close()
# Tell `KubernetesPodOperator` where the config file is located
self.config_file = os.environ[KUBE_CONFIG_ENV_VAR]
super(GKEPodOperator, self).execute(context)
[docs] def _get_field(self, extras, field, default=None):
"""
Fetches a field from extras, and returns it. This is some Airflow
magic. The google_cloud_platform hook type adds custom UI elements
to the hook page, which allow admins to specify service_account,
key_path, etc. They get formatted as shown below.
"""
long_f = 'extra__google_cloud_platform__{}'.format(field)
if long_f in extras:
return extras[long_f]
else:
self.log.info('Field %s not found in extras.', field)
return default