There's some cool theory behind my rainbow tie-dye splashes. They're generated with Prim's Minimum Spanning Tree Algorithm, which is a really cool algorithm to connect the vertices of a graph, specifically creating a tree with shortest total edge length (or "weight"). It's used for anything from maze generation to circuit design.
Here's how the Tie Dye works.
We start out with the idea of turning our computer screen into a graph, with a vertex at every pixel.
We make a full grid connecting all vertices, assigning random weight to each edge.
Next we use Prim's Algorithm to connect the edges in a tree. This gets rid of any loops in the graph. Now our computer tie dye will flow into new spaces instead of mixing with itself, just like water tension does for real tie dye.
Now, starting from a random point, we'll do a paint bucket fill on it (specifically a Depth First Search). Except, ours will be a special rainbow paint bucket that changes color after each step, and can only flow along the edges.
Now we have a rainbow tie-dye pattern!
You can make your own Prim Tie-Dyes. I have my tie-dye program on GitHub here: Tie-Dye. It's written in Swift and Cocoa. It uses a slightly different implementation where the painting and the Prim are interlaced. Check it out and share your tie-dye creations with the world!


Company profile - Canadian Company Capabilities
Third-Party Information Liability Disclaimer
Some of the information on this Web page has been provided by external sources. The Government of Canada is not responsible for the accuracy, reliability or currency of the information supplied by external sources. Users wishing to rely upon this information should consult directly with the source of the information. Content provided by external sources is not subject to official languages, privacy and accessibility requirements.
Cody Montana Integrated Inc.
Legal Name:
Cody Montana Integrated Inc.
Operating Name:
Sweepstakes.ca
Mailing Address:
71 Northern Heights Dr.RICHMOND HILL, Ontario
L4B 4C9
Location Address:
71 Northern Heights Dr.RICHMOND HILL, Ontario
L4B 4C9
Tel.:<PHONE_NUMBER>
Fax:
Logo
Company Profile
In a nutshell, we find advertisers willing to collaborate with our firm in offering sweepstakes, daily deals, contests, rewards, event sales, product trials, samples and so much more in order to connect with and engage our audience culture. Our company mandate is to offer our audience culture a proprietary site and channel properties that will create harmony and meaningful connections between our members and advertisers in kind, while always adhering to the ideals of business etiquette and principles of trust.
Our company offers solo email deployment to our 1,021,325 Canadian Consumer Email list for exceptional branding, traffic, sales and ROI initiatives. If your company requires or is able to benefit from attracting Canadian traffic, our email initiatives will establish and enhance your firms identity and rapport with a large consumer audience.
ALBERTA : 108,000
BRITISH COLUMBIA : 128,000
MANITOBA : 40,000
NEW BRUNSWICK : 29,000
NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR : 18,000
NORTHWEST TERRITORIES : 2,000
NOVA SCOTIA : 43,000
NUNAVUT : 1,000
ONTARIO : 447,000 | TORONTO : 175,000 |
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND : 5,000
QUEBEC : 154,000
SASKATCHEWAN : 32,000
YUKON : 1,000
FEMALES : 750,000
TELEPHONE : 841,000
DATE OF BIRTH : 878,000
POSTAL CODE : 986,000
All payment is due in advance of any broadcast send via bank wire. Deployment is within 72 hours of funds clearing.
Client must supply all content assets including HTML creative (with images hosted globally on client server), TEXT creative, SUBJECT LINE, the client postal information for the footer of the email and any scrub list the client wishes us to run against.
Additionally, we offer the following advertising derivatives on our site property or partner channels;
Lead Box Placement
Text Advertising
Graphical Unit Advertising
Sweepstakes and Contest Data Capture on site
Opt In Co-Registration Data Capture
It is very important for advertisers to understand that sweepstakes are a form of marketing that people actually like! Statistically, more than 80% of all internet users have entered at least one online competition in the last year, and 50% enter them at least once a month (Jupiter Research 2010). With an empowering commitment to the community and value creation, the sweepstakes.ca channel property successfully provides clients with brand equity and traffic, impacting customer acquisition and loyalty retention -- in a non-intrusive relevant matter that is purely permission based and compliant with all privacy laws domestically and internationally. With success, retention and accountability, we assist advertisers and commercial providers grow their market sectors and revenue streams by acquiring high quality leads for direct response results, fact based research, analysis, and information pertaining to critical aspects of their brands.
Additionally, many of our advertisers choose sweepstakes.ca to initiate on site ad placement for not only our ability to brand their offer, gather data or provide traffic, but because of our exceptional Google search keyword rankings and our ability to directly improve our clients Google Organic ranking. As such, the organic ranking of sweepstakes.ca is what advertisers covet and aspire to have, and certainly by having a link on our site directed to their domain will assist and contribute to the advertiser site rank.
Google
sweepstakes Page 1 #2 position of 31,900,000 results
sweepstakes (Bing) Page 1 #1 position of 9,790,000 results
contests Page 1 #7 position of 222,400,000 results
canada contests Page 1 #1 position of 68,100,000 results
free trials Page 1 #1 position of 65,108,000 results
gift rewards Page 1 #4 position of 33,100,000 results
risk free product trials Page 1 #1 position of 13,500,000 results
contests for women Page 1 #1 position of 72,900,000 results
cash surveys Page 1 #6 position of 25,000,000 results
win a vacation Page 1 #4 position of 117,000,000 results
travel contest Page 1 #7 position of 152,000,000 results
Additionally, here is some more information for you to consider.
The key aspect of the sweepstakes.ca network property is that it adds value to the users experience. When the consumer has finished clicking, browsing and carousing, they have already built a relationship with sweepstakes.ca and any number of the companies listed. This strategy works because the request for information was created by the consumer and not by the advertiser. The two keys to remember are that information is at a premium and that information must be requested.
Not one member will receive financial compensation for participating in any offer and unlike most web portals that offer sweepstakes, freebies, value discounts and contests, not one audience member must sign up for 'X' offers in order to be eligible for a prize or offer. The individual may sign up for as little, or as many, vendor offers as they choose. We therefore facilitate a genuine interaction of push marketing that is capable of leveraging brand awareness with loyalty to cultivate business and guide lead generation solutions according to business goals, and do so in a much friendlier manner. The channel property will provide an effective way for businesses to acquire a potential customer for a cornucopia of initiatives:
build goodwill, brand equity, loyalty and viral marketing initiatives
encourage product and service trials that build sales
use prospect submissions to conduct market research
building of a mailing list to initiate and develop correspondence
gauge the impact and current health/viability of your product or service
understanding prospects attitudes, perception of value and purchasing behavior
pricing strategy in determining how consumers respond to various price points
product testing, packaging, logo design and launch evaluation capabilities
Sweepstakes.ca and its network properties will embody a unique culture that must be respected. With a program mandate of adding value and enhancing the users experience, our lead acquisition programs will allow for a maximum return on investment with minimal risk.
Full profile
Full profile
Contact information
Company description
511140 - Directory and Mailing List Publishers
519130 - Internet Publishing and Broadcasting, and Web Search Portals
541619 - Other Management Consulting Services
541850 - Display Advertising
541860 - Direct Mail Advertising
541910 - Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling
Product / Service / Licensing
Additionally, many of our advertisers choose sweepstakes.ca to initiate on site ad placement for not only our ability to brand their offer, gather data or provide traffic, but because of our exceptional Google search keyword rankings and our ability to directly improve our clients Google Organic ranking. As such, the organic ranking of sweepstakes.ca is what advertisers covet and aspire to have, and certainly by having a link on our site directed to their domain will assist and contribute to the advertiser site rank.
Google
sweepstakes Page 1 #2 position of 31,900,000 results
sweepstakes (Bing) Page 1 #1 position of 9,790,000 results
contests Page 1 #7 position of 222,400,000 results
canada contests Page 1 #1 position of 68,100,000 results
free trials Page 1 #1 position of 65,108,000 results
gift rewards Page 1 #4 position of 33,100,000 results
risk free product trials Page 1 #1 position of 13,500,000 results
contests for women Page 1 #1 position of 72,900,000 results
cash surveys Page 1 #6 position of 25,000,000 results
win a vacation Page 1 #4 position of 117,000,000 results
travel contest Page 1 #7 position of 152,000,000 results
Through a philosophy of integration, our company offers marketing leadership that solves real business needs. We harness the power of marketing communications to conceive, plan, and execute value-added solutions to improve our clients' business performance while developing strategies and service solutions
that exceed expectations. Every business faces the challenge of demonstrating the value of its products and services to existing and potential customers in the most effective way. We offer dynamic capabilities in marketing initiatives that will help to establish a presence and gain access to the Canadian market.
Third-Party Information Liability Disclaimer
Some of the information on this Web page has been provided by external sources. The Government of Canada is not responsible for the accuracy, reliability or currency of the information supplied by external sources. Users wishing to rely upon this information should consult directly with the source of the information. Content provided by external sources is not subject to official languages, privacy and accessibility requirements.
Contacts
Contact information
Description
Company description
511140 - Directory and Mailing List Publishers
519130 - Internet Publishing and Broadcasting, and Web Search Portals
541619 - Other Management Consulting Services
541850 - Display Advertising
541860 - Direct Mail Advertising
541910 - Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling
Products, services and licensing
Product / Service / Licensing
Additionally, many of our advertisers choose sweepstakes.ca to initiate on site ad placement for not only our ability to brand their offer, gather data or provide traffic, but because of our exceptional Google search keyword rankings and our ability to directly improve our clients Google Organic ranking. As such, the organic ranking of sweepstakes.ca is what advertisers covet and aspire to have, and certainly by having a link on our site directed to their domain will assist and contribute to the advertiser site rank.
Google
sweepstakes Page 1 #2 position of 31,900,000 results
sweepstakes (Bing) Page 1 #1 position of 9,790,000 results
contests Page 1 #7 position of 222,400,000 results
canada contests Page 1 #1 position of 68,100,000 results
free trials Page 1 #1 position of 65,108,000 results
gift rewards Page 1 #4 position of 33,100,000 results
risk free product trials Page 1 #1 position of 13,500,000 results
contests for women Page 1 #1 position of 72,900,000 results
cash surveys Page 1 #6 position of 25,000,000 results
win a vacation Page 1 #4 position of 117,000,000 results
travel contest Page 1 #7 position of 152,000,000 results
Through a philosophy of integration, our company offers marketing leadership that solves real business needs. We harness the power of marketing communications to conceive, plan, and execute value-added solutions to improve our clients' business performance while developing strategies and service solutions
that exceed expectations. Every business faces the challenge of demonstrating the value of its products and services to existing and potential customers in the most effective way. We offer dynamic capabilities in marketing initiatives that will help to establish a presence and gain access to the Canadian market.


The transcriptional activation function of the HIF-like factor requires phosphorylation at a conserved threonine.
The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha and the HIF-like factor (HLF) transcription factors are regulated at multiple levels including protein stabilization, nuclear import, and activation of transactivation, resulting in recruitment of coactivators such as the cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB)-binding protein (CBP)/p300 and SRC-1. During low oxygen tension these proteins modulate a network of genes that are necessary for angiogenesis, erythropopoiesis, and glycolysis. We report here that the C-terminal transactivation domain of HLF is phosphorylated on multiple sites and that phosphorylation on threonine 844 of HLF is necessary for the transcriptional activation function of the protein independently of the hypoxia condition. Importantly, using the mammalian two-hybrid system we demonstrate that a substitution of threonine 844 to an alanine decreased the enhanced transcriptional activation function mediated by CBP/p300.


TODO
Home
(current)
Tasks
Admin
Server Date and Time is
{% now "jS F Y H:i" %}
Here is the list of all the task to be performed
Sl.No.
Task Title
Task Description
Task Saved Time
Task Deadline
{% for task in tasks %}
{{forloop.counter}}
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{{task.taskDesc}}
{{task.time}}
{{task.dead}}
{% endfor %}


Submit
Test ..
Checked
Checkbox
With a longer label
Disabled
Small
With a longer label
Medium
Large
Item label
Submit


Welcome to the USGS Publications Warehouse
Pubs Warehouse provides access to over 130,000 publications written by USGS scientists over the century-plus history of the bureau
{% if advanced == 'True' %}
{% include 'advanced_search_form.html' %}
Basic Search
{% else %}
{% include 'search_form.html' %}
Advanced Search
{% endif %}


In chapter 7 of "Search Inside Yourself" the book moves beyond the focus on yourself to using the greater awareness of yourself
in order to improve your interpersonal relationships and ultimately enhance the lives of others. The chapter places an emphasis on
building a foundation of trust through empathy in your personal and work relationships and how this leads to people being more open,
which in turn leads to a freer and more effective exchange of ideas. It's important to remember however that empathy means looking to understand
others rather than to explain or accept their reactions.
Personally I reacted quite strongly to this as in myself I recognise a tendancy to be guarded and distrustful in my interactions with
new people. The author discussed similar feelings in the chapter with a new manager he encountered and how he felt a cognitive dissonance
between his mental and emotional response to this new manager. I feel the same way in that there is little logical reason to be distrustful
of new people however there is still an emotional response that arises out of wanting to protect yourself. The chapter discusses an
approach to control this response of creating desired mental habits. The idea is to make a conscious effort to have a thought of positivity
arise when you see a new person and eventually this will form a part of your unconscious mental subroutine, causing feelings of trust
and warmth to arise in you which should engender the same in the other person.
Connected to this is the practice of "loving kindness meditation" discussed in the chapter. The idea behind this practice is to highlight
your connection to others and the good wishes you have for them with the aim of creating a mental habit of kindness. I tried this during
a meditation thinking of people I care about and found it to be a positive experience. Ultimately I would like to try use it as the author
suggests in order to resolve conflicts you may have with other people.
I have yet to try the empathic listening practice however I can see that being a useful tool to practice during group work in the upcoming weeks.
The concept I most enjoyed reading about in this chapter was the discussion of mirror neurons and their influence on how we build empathy with
others. I had previously heard about research in this area and would highly recommend the following Radiolab episode which touches on the topic:
In this episode they discuss the theory that there is an evolutionary advantage to "goodness" and caring for others, within some more social
species at least. This seems to run contrary to a purely Darwinian model of natural selection where you might imagine the only goal of an organism is to survive
and pass on its own genes. Instead the idea is that as an individual of the species it is good for you to care for other members of your group
as it increases the overall chance of your species continuing into the future.
I like this theory of there being a physiological basis to human empathy arising our of an evolutionary advantage, that by feeling very deeply the experiences
of others this provides advantages to us as a social animal. The obvious side benefit of this being that the quality of empathy that we value
as being a positive force for good should arise naturally since it is hardwired in our bodies.
The author talks about how we can make use of this mirror neuron effect since strengthening our own ability for self awareness will
simultaneously improve our ability to understand others. Because you are naturally feeling the experience of others as you observe them,
the better you are at recognising your own emotions and their physiological manifestations, the better equiped you are to understand these mirrored
feelings you experience.
This is all quite positive but there is a study he mentions which shows that we do need to be careful of the mirror neuron effect as well.
In that study it noted that where participants watched physical stimulation this increased their own actual sensitivity to it, allowing them
to perceive stimulus they previously wouldn't have noticed, an amazing effect! The study also demonstrated however that this effect was
heightened when the person they were watching was the same ethnicity or even from the same political organisation as them. This seems to
show that there is a physiological basis for the tribalism we see in the world which poses great problems for society and is something we
must fight to overcome. The author talks about how the solution to this is to create a mental habit of kindness and connectedness to others,
that they are not so different from yourself.


Enjoy your music with the over-ear headphones care-free and Pace Flexx.
Find your own pace in life and strive to keep it up and true.
The world breaks everyone, and afterwards, many are strong at the broken places.
The world breaks everyone, and afterwards, many are strong at the broken places.
The world breaks everyone, and afterwards, many are strong at the broken places.


--- layout: page_en title: Ish Milan permalink: /en/ translate_es: / ---
| Current: | Developer for ModularBox |
| Co-founder and co-author of colaboratorio.net | |
| Before: | Technical service assistant in Atento. |
| Developer for KeepItTech | |
| Programming and markup lenguages | HTML5, CSS3, MD, SQL,Javascript, PHP, Markdown, AWK, BASH, Python and Java. |


Jobs by county, 2016:
10,000
100,000
1,000
Helena
Kalispell
Great Falls
64,000 jobs
48,000 jobs
50,000 jobs
Missoula/
Bitterroot
103,000
jobs
Billings
Butte/
Anaconda
Bozeman
82,000 jobs
109,000 jobs
26,000 jobs
Rural Mountains
Urban areas
Rural Plains
68,000 jobs
(10% of MT)
483,000 jobs
(72% of MT)
119,000 jobs
(18% of MT)
Jobs by county, 2016:
10,000
100,000
1,000
Helena
Kalispell
Great Falls
Missoula/
Bitterroot
Butte/
Anaconda
Bozeman
Billings
Rural Mountains
Urban areas
Rural Plains
68,000 jobs
(10% of MT)
483,000 jobs
(72% of MT)
119,000 jobs
(18% of MT)


Frame number: #frame_number , Roll: #roll_number
Enter this roll score:
For the last frame, your score was ...
Your total score is currently: 0


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{% trans "Select experiment to run now" %}
{% trans "Players" %}
| User | Player | Private account | group | participated | finished | experiment state | language | time_start_experiment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{ player.user }} | {{ player.pk }} | {{ player.profile.private_account }} | {{ player.group.group_number }} | {{ player.profile.participated }} | {{ player.profile.finished }} | {{ player.profile.experiment_state }} | {{ player.profile.language }} | {{ player.profile.time_start_experiment }} |


ShowEntity entity
Parameters:
| entity - entity handle |
Description:
| Shows an entity. Very much the opposite of
HideEntity. Once an entity has been hidden using HideEntity, use show entity to make it visible and involved in collisions again. Entities are shown by default after creating/loading them, so you should only need to use ShowEntity after using HideEntity. ShowEntity affects the specified entity and all of its child entities, if any exist. |
| None. |


HallPlan
Cinema hall scheme widget
Selectable seats + click listeners
Left to right scheme + numbers on both sides
Showing in tabs and modals
Show in modal
Text
Plan
It's an initial tab, there is nothing here.
Switch to the other tab.
Some modal
×


Reference for flexx.pyscript¶
The pyscript module provides functionality to compile Python code to JavaScript. We call Python code aimed to translated this way “PyScript”.
- PyScript introduction
- PyScript API
- PyScript quick user guide
- The basics
- Slicing and subscriping
- String formatting
- Assignments
- Comparisons
- Truthy and Falsy
- Function calls
- Imports
- If statements
- Looping
- Comprehensions
- Defining functions
- Defining classes
- Exceptions
- Globals and nonlocal
- Python Builtins
- The isinstance function (and friends)
- hasattr, getattr, setattr and delattr
- Creating sequences
- List methods
- Dict methods
- Str methods
- Using JS specific functionality
- PyScript examples


El Salvador orders expulsion of Venezuelan diplomats
SAO PAULO, Brazil: Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro said Sunday that “the worst is yet to come” with an oil spill that has affected more than 200 beaches on the country’s coast.
“What came so far and what was collected is a small amount of what was spilled,” Bolsonaro said in an interview with Record television.
He said he did not know if additional oil would impact his country’s coastline, but that “everything indicates that the currents went to the coast of Brazil.”
Oil slicks have been appearing for three months off the coast of northeast Brazil and fouling beaches along a 2,000 kilometer (1,250 mile) area of Brazil’s most celebrated shoreline.
Crews and volunteers have cleaned up tons of oil on the beaches.
Officials say it not yet possible to quantify the environmental and economic damage from the oil slicks.
The government on Friday named a Greek-flagged tanker as the prime suspect behind the oil slicks.
The ship Bouboulina took on oil in Venezuela and was headed for Singapore, it said.
The space agency Inpe said Friday there might still be oil at sea being pushed by currents and it could reach the states of Espiritu Santo and Rio de Janeiro in southeast Brazil.


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Background
I decided to become a data scientist in 2017. After researching role requirements, I began learning Python. I read parts of Learn Python the Hard Way by Zed Shaw, deep into the night. I often coded deep into the night, and would wake up the next day overtired and miserable.  And when the end of the week would come, I would have time to code again. But I would forget everything I had learned in the beginning of the week!
Enter: The List
As the first week of 2020 nears an end, I am a completely changed individual. I am reformed. My coding journey has shifted. I still wish to become a data scientist. But I don't have the money to go to college, so I've decided to teach myself code. Once HTML and CSS are in my toolkit, I will learn JavaScript, Bootstrap and React.
The following books made me a better coder, but you’ll find that not a single one of them focus on coding! I stumbled upon something big with these books. Just as the world’s best runners first succeeded in running and crawling, so too did I learn to take baby steps. Now, I get to share these portals of knowledge and growth with you!
1. Deep Work
Author: Cal Newport
This book, in essence, is about the valuable skill of being able to focus in depth on one task for long periods of time. Newport introduced me to the existence, and importance, of flow state. I knew that coding was tough, so I often “rewarded” myself with social media between lengthy code lines. I would even browse mid tutorial! What I got in return was piss poor retention of anything I had tried to do. I felt drained. Unlike when I wrote poetry years before, I didn’t feel like I was ever in the zone. This left me without many coding insights. It was demotivating.
After reading this book by Cal Newport, I forced myself to spend less time on my phone. I refused to check my phone until I either finished the book or stopped reading for the night. Once I became entranced by what I was learning, it seemed as if time flew by. I felt a deeper connection with the content, and felt like I absorbed more. I began to read more books like this, even though I wasn’t doing too much coding at the time since I had started a new job. I learned: less distraction + more flow = more success.
2. 15 Secrets Successful People Know About Time Management
Author: Kevin Kruse
I didn’t need author Kevin Kruse to teach me about the concept of time management. In fact, I was already very philosophical and considerate about our time on this planet. Despite my awareness of time’s importance though, I still failed to do what I dreamed of. I failed often, but had nothing to show for it.  So I read the book.
My favorite thing about the book is that the author tells you what worked well for others, not only for him. The book focuses on techniques used by hundreds of athletes, entrepreneurs, and students. Kruse's insights inspired me to put as much of my schedule on calendars as I could. Pretty soon, I got a little better at using Google Calendar. Now I use a Kanban board. I would schedule times to read, times to code, and times to let my mind wander. Things were getting fun! I was at last getting deep work done. But at other times , I failed to produce good code even when I allotted myself the time to do so. I thought to myself, “what is wrong with me?”
3. Learning How to Learn
Authors: Barbara Oakley, Terrence Sejnowski
I had this theory that, if I learned more about my mind, I could become a sort of self taught master mind. I mean… what’s a neuroscientist?  I wanted to figure out why I couldn't focus at certain times, such as that one hour of the day I had available for deep work. This book taught me more than I could have ever hoped for.
I felt so validated to discover that we have modes in our mind, such as “zombie,” “focused,” and “diffuse.” Zombie mode is like our habit mode. Have you ever noticed yourself 15 minutes into doing a habit you told yourself you'd quit?
Focused mode is like our deep work state of mind. Think of those times you can concentrate and “get into” what you’re trying to learn. You can learn a lot when you have uninterrupted flow time. Mozart didn't write his masterpieces with a distracted mind!
Diffuse mode is when our mind wanders. When you want to get up and dance, or surf the web. This time, believe it or not, is as important as focus time. Because if you can reward yourself with social media, a jog, or a TV show, then focused mode becomes a trigger. (More on those later.)
I learned about these mind modes and much more in this book. I was also reintroduced to The Pomodoro Technique. Once I broke my studying into hours of 25 focused, 10 diffuse, my efficiency skyrocketed. But I still struggled with only having free time at night. I retained less. I had to figure out why staying up past midnight, to code, would lead me to waking up retaining very little. So much of my efforts still felt like a waste...
4. Why We Sleep
Author: Matthew Walker
I have suffered from sleep ignorance for a very long time. Years ago, I learned about Matthew Walker through a Joe Rogan podcast. This guy was sleep-woke for sure. He caught my attention by mentioning marijuana's effects on sleep patterns. I’m an advocate for legalization, so when somebody brings up a “con” of cannabis, I research what they’re saying. As it turns out, he was correct about this and a hundred other sleep facts. So I tuned in, and realized why my sleep habits were so bad.
It’s funny the way the world works. While reading Learning How to Learn, part of the book focused on the importance of sleep. I read that insufficient sleep contributes to a decrease in synapse formation. Also, it decreases the strength of synapses that do form.
While reading Matthew Walker’s book, I learned so much more about sleep. I learned about how different animals sleep and myths. I grew afraid of the long term cognitive damage I was inflicting on myself. I learned of correlations between poor sleep and diseases such as dementia. I found out that driving without sleep is equal to driving drunk! After a while, I saw past the negatives of bad sleep and focused on the benefits of good sleep.
I came to understand that we all have peaks of our day. I learned about sleep pressure. Now that I had a better idea of how to sleep, I time manage better for peak flow state. I learn better. At first I thought less learning time would lead to diminished gains. But after a while, I saw that I was also getting more out of the time. My synapses became stronger. I remembered more. My confidence hit the sky.
 But I didn't remember anything I read! Even with pages and pages of notes, nothing seemed to stick. So I thought to myself, "Why not learn about taking notes?"
5. The Science of Self Learning
Author: Peter Hollins
6. The 5 Love Languages
Author: Gary Chapman
7. ITIL
Author:
8. The Obesite Code
Author: Dr. Jason Fung, M.D.
9. You Are a Badass at Making Money
Author: Jen Sincero
10. The Power of Habit
Author: Charles Duhigg


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4X5W
3WPG
1J8H
1AQD
2WBJ
Other
Protein Data Bank ID:
Show:
Ribbon
Ball
| Color:
Residue
Structure
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None
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Release: 2.16
28/08/2014
- Added support for Lollipop devices (still missing PAC setup)
- Added count of used proxies
- Added possibility to delete a not used Proxy
- Completely refactored application backend logic
- Improved performances for devices with large number of Wi-Fi networks
- Solved bug related to application close and restart


Test File Directory Hierarchy
With in the TestCases directory individual tests are organized into subdirectories corresponding to chapters (top level section numbers) of the ECMAScript 5 Specification.
For Example:
TestCases
chapter11
chapter12
chapter13
Test File Naming Conventions
Individual test file names have the following format:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Where:
sectionNumber: is the section number of the ECMAScript 5 Specification that this test is primarily concerned with.
@n: is optional and used if a section contains more than one algorithm. n is
the ordinal number of the algorithm within the section.
algorithmStepNumber: is the step number within the algorithm that the rest relates to.
0 is used for tests that relate to non-algorithmic portions of the specification.
ggrammarProduction: is a ordinal number
(starting from 1) of a grammar production defined in the section. If is used for
parsing tests.
testNumber: is present if there is more than one testcase for a particular algorithm step or non-algorithm specification section.
-s: is an optional suffix that identifies that the test is only applies to strict mode
-x: is an optional suffix that identifies that the test intentionally
contains something that should case a syntax error. Such tests are expected to
not load correctly and if they do it load it is a test failure. The test
function should not return true.
Test File Structure
Each testcase must be a single .js file. A template of a testcase file can be found at: TestCases/testTemplate.js
A testcase is made up of the following parts (1) License header, (2) test registration call (3) test case object literal and looks like:
/// Copyright (c) <<year>> <<copyright owner>>.
///
/// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided
/// that the following conditions are met:
/// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and
/// the following disclaimer.
/// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and
/// the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
/// * Neither the name of <<copyright owner>> nor the names of its contributors may be used to
/// endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
/// FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
/// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
/// INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
/// OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
/// ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
/* be sure to put the current <<year>> and <<copyright owner>> information into the above header */
ES5Harness.registerTest( {
id: "sectionNumber[@nnn][-algorithmStepNumber]-testNumber[-s][x]", //put a unique test id here
path: "TestCases/testTemplate.js", //the directory path of this test starting at TestCases
description: 'Insert text descripting the test here',
test: function testcase() {
//Add test code here, return true if test passes
}
precondition: function precond() {
//Add code to test any preconditions that must be establish in order to run this test.
//Return true if it is ok to run the test.
//This property may be completely omitted in which case the test will always be run.
return true;
}
});
The license header is the copyright notice and New BSD license text.
Be sure to fill in the actual year and name of the copyright holder.
The test registration is a JavaScript function call of the form:
ES5Harness.registerTest( testObject);
ES5Harness is the global name of the test harness and registerTest is the method that is used to register tests.
The argument is an object that defines an individual test. Normally the argument testObject is an object literal.
A test case object has the following properties:
- id: A string containing the name of this test file using the
above naming conventions. The file extension is not included in the id.
- path: A string containing the relative directory path of this
test starting at TestCases.
- description: A string describing the purpose of this test. It is
used to generate test reports.
- test: A function that performs the actual test. The test harness will
call this function to execute the test. It must return true if the test
passes. Any other return value indicates a failed test. The test function is
called as a method with its this value set to its defining test case object.
- precondition: (Optional) A function that is called before the test
function to see if it is ok to run the test. If all preconditions
necessary to run the test are established it should return true. If it returns
false, the test will not be run. The precondition function is called as a
method with its this value set to its defining test case object. This property is
optional. If it is not present, the test function will always be executed.
A text case object may also define other properties.
The test case file may also contain additional global code and declarations.
However, this is not recommended unless necessary for creating a test relating
to such globals.
|


Rules:
1-one pitch one hand out
2-more than 1.5 feet height out otherwise it is called six
3- Twice run in direct ball
4-stumping out
5-overstepping=no ball
6-atleast 1 girl in team,& one over compulsory for girl
7-atmost 4 boys
8-bowling behind stumps
9-direct ball above knees=no ball
4 Boys and 1 Girl
8th March 2016
09:00 am onwards
Staff parking / Civil department parking
150/- per team
Dhaduk Aman(c)Mobile -<PHONE_NUMBER>


This is preformatted text Maybe we are awesome! This is preformatted text with font-famolty = verdana and color = blue and font-size = 160%
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Repo Man
or Repo Lady, or Repo Person, or whomever
find the names and descriptions of your friends github repositories for fun and excitement. take your time, the repo man has all night, every night.
Enter a username:
get the repo!


{%extends 'layout.html'%} {%block body%}
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| IP Tables | Term | Description |
| Chains | Used to allow or block traffic | |
| Input | Used for incoming connections that are not delivered locally | |
| Output | Used for outgoing connections | |
| Ethernet Statistics | Status | Determines whether the system is online or offline |
| rx_good | total bytes and packets received | |
| rx_errors | the number of bad packets received | |
| rx_dropped | the number of times when there is no space in Linux buffers | |
| rx_overruns | the number of times when there are fifo overruns caused by the rate at which the buffer gets full and the kernel is not able to empty it | |
| rx_frame | the number of times there is a received frame alignment error | |
| rx_good | total bytes and packets transmitted | |
| rx_errors | the number of packet transmit problems | |
| tx_dropped | the number of times there is no space available in Linux | |
| tx_overruns | the number of times when there are fifo overruns caused by the rate at which the buffer gets full and the kernel is not able to empty it | |
| tx_carrier | the number of errors due to the carrier | |
| tx_collisions | the number of transmissions terminated due to Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection | |
| Switch Statistics | Status | determines whether the system is online or offline |
| duplex | link mode of the interface either full-duplex or half-duplex | |
| speed | speed of the interface in megabits | |
| ingress bytes | the number of bytes received | |
| ingress unicast | the number of unicast packets received | |
| ingress broadcast | the number of broadcast packets received | |
| ingress multicast | the number of multicast packets received | |
| ingress pause | the number of received packets that have the pause operational code; connected device requests for a traffic pause when its receive buffer is almost full | |
| ingress undersize | the number of received packets that are under 64 bytes | |
| ingress fragments | the number of received packets that are less than 64 octets in length | |
| ingress oversize | the number of received packets over 1514 bytes | |
| ingress jabber | the number of received packets exceed 20 ms | |
| ingress rx_error | the number of received packets that an rx error | |
| ingress fcs_error | the number of received packets with frame check sequence errors but no framing errors | |
| egress bytes | the number of bytes transmitted | |
| egress unicast | the number of unicast packets transmitted | |
| egress broadcast | the number of broadcast packets transmitted | |
| egress multicast | the number of multicast packets transmitted | |
| egress puase | the number of transmitted packets that have the pause operational code; connected device requests for a traffic pause when its receive buffer is almost full | |
| egress excessive | the number of transmitted packets that have a collisions 16 times in a row | |
| egress collisions | the number of Ethernet collisions | |
| egress other | the number of transmitted packets with other types of errors |
Some errors are more critical than others, here is a list of the most critical errors.
| Ethernet Statistics | tx_frame |
| tx_collision | |
| tx_collisions | |
| Switch Statistics | ingress pause |
| ingress undersize | |
| ingress oversize | |
| ingress jabber | |
| ingress fcs_error | |
| egress pause | |
| egress excessive | |
| egress collisions | |
| egress other |
| IP Tables | Type | Description |
| Input, Output, and Forward | Bytes graph displays the number of inputs/outputs/forwards bytes over time. | |
| Input, Output, and Forward | Packets graph displays the number of input/outputs/forwards packets over time. | |
| Input, Output, and Forward | Bandwidth graph displays the input/output/forward bandwidth of the intervals in kilobytes per second. | |
| Ethernet Statistics | Errors graph displays the total number of errors over time. | |
| Received packets graph displays the number of packets received over time. | ||
| Transmitted packets graph displays the number of packets transmitted over time. | ||
| Switch Statistics | Ingress/Egress | Bytes graph displays the number of bytes received/transmitted over time. |
| Ingress/Egress | Multicast graph displays the number of multicast packets received/transmitted over time. | |
| Ingress/Egress | Broadcast graph displays the number of broadcast packets received/transmitted over time. | |
| Ingress/Egress | Unicast graph displays the number of unicast packets received/transmitted over time. | |
| Bandwidth graph displays the ingress/egress bandwidth of the interval in kilobytes per second. |
Here is some information on how to use this site.
1. Upload multiple files.
2. Zoom in and out
3. Select a specific series to view
4. Change the interval
5. Print or download a graph


There are four primitive remote procedure calls that Kademlia nodes send and respond to.
Much like an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Ping, this is used to verify that another node is still alive.
This RPC is sent with a specific node ID to be found. The recipient of this RPC looks in its own routing table and returns a set of contacts that are closest to the ID that is being looked up.
This RPC is sent with a specific file ID to be located. If the receiving node finds this ID in its own DHT segment, it will return the corresponding value (URL). If not, the recipient node returns a list of contacts that are closest to the file ID.
This RPC is used to store a key/value pair (file_id/location) in the DHT segment of the recipient node.
Upon each successful RPC, both the sending and receiving node insert or update each other’s contact info in their own routing tables.
How does a node find other nodes or files in a Kademlia network? We can compare this to a real life example.
If a person wants to find another person they don't know, they might take the following steps:
Kademlia nodes follow a similar pattern when conducting lookups.
If a node is to retrieve a piece of information (a file) from the network, it will send FIND VALUE RPCs to a subset of its own contacts whose IDs are 'closest' to the ID of the file it is looking for. If any of the recipient nodes have this ID in their DHT segment, they will return the corresponding value, otherwise, they will return a list of contacts that are even closer to the value being queried.
The next problem to discuss is how 'closeness' is determined in a Kademlia network.
Kademlia defines the distance between nodes as the bitwise exclusive or (XOR) of the nodes' IDs. The xor operation compares two inputs: if these inputs are the same, the result is false (0), if the inputs are different, the result is true (1). The XOR of two numbers is calculated by finding the XOR of each bit in the binary representation of those two numbers.
As an example, the diagram below assumes a node ID of 11 in a 4 bit keyspace (only IDs of 0-15 are possible). We calculate the XOR of 11 with a few other IDs to demonstrate the concept.
In the first case, we calculate 11 XOR 10. The first three bits in both IDs are the same, and only the last bit is different. The result of 11 XOR 10 is 0001 in binary, or 1 in decimal.
Next we calculate 11 XOR 12. Here, only the first bit is the same while all others are different. The result of 11 XOR 12 is 0111 in binary, or 7 in decimal.
Our last example calculates 11 XOR 4. Here all bits are different, resulting in 1111 in binary, 15 in decimal.
From these results you'll notice an important feature of a Kademlia's XOR metric: if the binary representation of a node’s ID shares a larger common pre-fix with the current node, the resulting XOR is smaller.
Each node in Kademlia can be thought of as a leaf in a binary tree. Below we map out all possible IDs in a 4 bit keyspace: 0-15, where each left child adds a '0' at the bit corresponding to that child's depth and each right child adds a '1'.
The most important feature of a binary tree related to a Kademlia network is the O(log n) lookup time. Looking up a node or file in this network is a very efficient procedure.
As mentioned earlier — a routing table groups contacts into buckets with each bucket containing contacts of a certain distance. That distance is the 'shared bit length', which is obtained by calculating the XOR of the contact's ID with the current node's ID.
Below we see how those buckets would be organized in a node whose ID is 11 in a 4 bit keyspace. Nodes whose IDs share a 3 bit prefix with the current node go in one bucket, 2 shared bits in a different bucket, etc.


--- subject: GOV.UK CORONAVIRUS ALERT ---
New rules in force now: you must stay at home.
More info & exemptions at gov.uk/coronavirus
Stay at home. Protect the NHS. Save lives.


Estimating probabilities is important in statistical research. Today we will talk about two most common approaches to estimate probabilities: maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and maximum a posteriori estimation (MAP).
Definition of MLE and MAP
- Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE)’s principle is that if we observe training data $D$, we should choose the value of $\theta$ that makes $D$ most probable.
- Maximium a posteriori probability (MAP) estimation is to choose the most probable value of $\theta$, given the observed training data plus a prior probability distribution $P(\theta)$ which captures prior knowledge or assumptions about the value of $\theta$.
An example of coin flips
Imagine we flip coins many times, let $X = 1$ if it turns up heads and $X=0$ if it turns up tails. We should estimate the probability that it will turn up heads, that is, to estimate $P(X = 1)$.
We flip the coin n times and observe that it turns up heads $\alpha_0$ times, and tails $\alpha_1$ times. $n =\alpha_0 + \alpha_1$.
There are two assumptions:
-
The outcomes of the flips are independent. That means the result of one coin flip has no influence on other coin flips.
-
The outcomes are identically distributed. That means each coin flip has the same value of $\theta$.
Inference
The maximum likelihood (MLE) principle involves choosing $\theta$ to maximize $P(D|\theta)$. We can write formula as follow:
This likelihood function is often written $L(\theta) = P(D|\theta)$. Notice that maximizing $P(D|\theta)$ with respect to $\theta$ is equivalent to maximizing its logarithm, $\ln P(D|\theta) $ with respect to $\theta$, because $\ln x$ increases monotonically with $x$. So we write $l(\theta) = \ln P(D|\theta)$ and find $\theta$ which maxmizes $l(\theta)$.
We let it equals to zero and simplify it. We can get:
Also, given observed training data producing $\alpha_1$ observed “heads”, and $\alpha_2$ observed ”tails”, plus prior information expressed by introducing imaginary “heads” and imaginary “tails”, output the estimate:
More about MAP and MLE
What we should know is that MAP needs background assumptions of its value which MLE doesn’t need. In other words, MAP assumes background knowledge is available.
If MAP priors are correct, then MAP is a better estimation than MLE. But if MAP priors are incorrect, MLE is better.
Follow pictures assume $\theta = 0.3$ and picture 1 has correct MAP priors but picture doesn’t, the blue line if estimation of MLE and the red line is estimation of MAP. We can discover that MAP is closer to real $\theta$ when MAP has correct priors. On the contrary, MLE is closer to real $\theta$ when MAP priors are wrong. Also, as the size of the data grows, the MLE and MAP estimates converge toward each other, and toward the correct estimate for $\theta$.
Reference
- Mitchell, ESTIMATING PROBABILITIES: MLE AND MAP


28 DAYS (2000) by JOHN SYLVA, associate of OFCS (www.ofcs.org)
Rating: A-
Consider it for a moment. Think about having to give up your hobby or passion for 28 straight days. Whether it is smoking, gambling, a loved one, or in my case the internet- How could you possibly survive those grueling days without it? Every ordinary American has an addiction, and Gwen Cummings, an ordinary American, has an addiction, and for her that addiction is alcohol and pain pills. After a troubling turn of events, Gwen will be admitted to a rehabilitation center for 28 days, not able to have an ounce of alcohol, or even one her pain pills that she so loves. As the film progresses, we see her learn and grow as a person, as she realizes that her lifestyle is no way to live. The plot sounds schmaltzy and shallow, but the Betty Thomas flick "28 Days" brings the pain that Gwen (Sandra Bullock) must live through into a touching reality, in a way that is both humorous yet dramatic, powerful yet light.
Gwen Cummings is a character of charisma, tragedy, and self centeredness; What one would consider the life of the party. That is, before she gets a life. After making a scene (not to mention ruining it as well) at her sister's wedding, followed by a house/car accident, Gwen is admitted to the Serenity Glen rehabilitation center, where every night and day is filled with plenty of soberness, chants, prayers, and "Lean on Me." Gwen slowly comes to the realization that she needs to grow up and give up what has made a complete mess of her life, alcohol. Along the way, Gwen befriends a number of other patients, including her coke addict roommate Andrea (Azura Skye), and clean cut baseball player Eddie Boone (Viggo Mortenson), whom she grows a deep affection for.
"28 Days" bends between a fine line of comedy and drama it's entire 103 minute running time, presenting both the comedic and dramatic elements of alcoholism and ultimately overcoming it. The latter is shown mostly through effective flashbacks, showing Gwen's mother's problems with alcohol that resulted in her death, and the comedic element brought through the rehab center's obsession with the campy soap opera "Santa Cruz." The pacing is perfect, with everything meshing together nicely, thanks to Susannah Grant's superb screenplay.
Almost everything is shining brightly in "28 Days," but nothing is shining half as bright as Sandra Bullock. Bullock digs herself out of a hole that she was in as a result of films such as 1998's horrid "Practical Magic" and 1999's mediocre "Forces of Nature." Bullock is realistic and touching as her troubled character, fulfilling her character's hardships as an alcoholic flawlessly.
"28 Days" is a film that doesn't delve deep into the psychological aspects of addiction, instead it just focuses on the lighter human aspects, ones that any human being can relate to and understand with ease. At one point, we see Gwen at a stage so horrible that she is shaking, her face pale as ghost; She's at a stage of total hazard. Scenes like this in "28 Days" make it easy to relate to, although we never completely understand all of the elements of Gwen's life or her background, or how her mind works, but the point is that we don't need to. Because the film is so effortless and light, anyone can sit down and relate to her character's life. "28 Days" has its flaws, but if you can look past the fact that the story has been done before, and that it's not necessarily the best thing since sliced bread, you'll find yourself a nice little slice of life.
The Bottom Line: Bullock gives an amazing performance in a simple, touching film. A treasure.
Film reviewed April 16th, 2000.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


In addition, to be able to measure the bias, the model also provides us a way to explore which are the most predictive words for each gender and, therefore, the words that create the bias. In simple terms, when the words highly correlated with women are present in an overview, the biography will be more likely to be portraying a female than a male and vice versa.
| Top 5 predictive adjectives for women | Top 5 predictive adjectives for men |
|---|---|
beautiful |
offensive |
profit |
certain |
cross |
hard |
creative |
defensive |
romantic |
diplomatic |
We evaluated the subjectivity of the obtained adjectives using the subjectivity lexicon dictionary. Results show that adjectives related to men are weakly subjective, and most of them have a negative connotation. In contrast, the ones related to women are mostly strong subjective and have a positive connotation. Therefore, the overviews portraying females are more likely to contain subjectivity.
We extend the analysis by including nouns, increasing the total number of words explored. By adding the nouns, we can explore the bias also in terms of topics. Using the same model, as we mentioned before, the accuracy score achieved in this case is much higher. It means that the differences, in this case, are not that subtle and start to be easier to detect. The result shows those words that are more predictive for the two different genders.
| Top 5 predictive words for women | Top 5 predictive words for men |
|---|---|
person |
football |
marriage |
musician |
model |
officer |
dancer |
war |
midfielder |
footballer |
Other words that scored high for women are activist, spouse, and single, while for men are death, director, and head.
These words reflect how some topics are more likely to appear in an overview given the gender. The Empath library allows to assure that indeed the overviews of women are related to family, whereas the ones portraying men are mostly related to business and sports.
In order to make results clearer, we put the adjectives and nouns in context. The following sentences show how these words are used in different overviews from Wikipedia.
By the late 1930s, she was becoming stereotyped as the beautiful, innocent, self-sacrificing woman, and film work became harder for her to obtain.
Cureton was a dominant offensive guard and also played on the defensive line for three seasons (53-54-55) on UCLA football teams [...].
Mary's marriage to Sigismund of Luxembourg, a member of the imperial Luxembourg dynasty, was already decided before her first birthday.
Jake Joseph Clifford Adelson is an Australian professional footballer who last played as a right back or right winger for Newcastle Jets.


Class Solid
Boolean operations on solids.
Inheritance
Implements
Inherited Members
Namespace: Elements.Geometry.Solids
Assembly: Hypar.Elements.dll
Syntax
public class Solid : ITessellate
Constructors
Solid()
Construct a solid.
Declaration
public Solid()
Properties
Edges
The edges of the solid.
Declaration
public Dictionary<long, Edge> Edges { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<System.Int64, Edge> |
Faces
The Faces of the Solid.
Declaration
public Dictionary<long, Face> Faces { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<System.Int64, Face> |
Vertices
The vertices of the solid.
Declaration
public Dictionary<long, Vertex> Vertices { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<System.Int64, Vertex> |
Methods
AddEdge(Vertex, Vertex)
Add an edge to the solid.
Declaration
public Edge AddEdge(Vertex from, Vertex to)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vertex | from | The start vertex. |
| Vertex | to | The end vertex. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Edge | The newly added edge. |
AddEdges(Polygon)
Creates a series of edges from a polygon.
Declaration
public Edge[] AddEdges(Polygon p)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Polygon | p |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Edge[] |
AddFace(Polygon, IList<Polygon>, Boolean, Transform, Boolean)
Add a Face to the Solid.
Declaration
public Face AddFace(Polygon outer, IList<Polygon> inner = null, bool mergeVerticesAndEdges = false, Transform transform = null, bool reverse = false)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Polygon | outer | A polygon representing the perimeter of the face. |
| System.Collections.Generic.IList<Polygon> | inner | An array of polygons representing the holes in the face. |
| System.Boolean | mergeVerticesAndEdges | Should existing vertices / edges in the solid be used for the added face? |
| Transform | transform | An optional transform which is applied to the polygon. |
| System.Boolean | reverse | Should the loop be reversed? |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Face | The newly added face. |
AddFace(Loop, Loop[])
Add a face to the solid. Provided edges are expected to be wound CCW for outer, and CW for inner. The face will be linked to the edges.
Declaration
public Face AddFace(Loop outer, Loop[] inner = null)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Loop | outer | The outer Loop of the Face. |
| Loop[] | inner | The inner Loops of the Face. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Face | The newly added Face. |
AddVertex(Vector3)
Add a Vertex to the Solid.
Declaration
public Vertex AddVertex(Vector3 position)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Vector3 | position |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Vertex | The newly added vertex. |
Cap(Edge[][], Boolean)
Create a face from edges. The first edge array is treated as the outer edge. Additional edge arrays are treated as holes.
Declaration
protected void Cap(Edge[][] edges, bool reverse = true)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Edge[][] | edges | |
| System.Boolean | reverse |
CreateLamina(Polygon, IList<Polygon>)
Declaration
public static Solid CreateLamina(Polygon perimeter, IList<Polygon> voids = null)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Polygon | perimeter | |
| System.Collections.Generic.IList<Polygon> | voids |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Solid |
CreateLamina(Profile)
Declaration
public static Solid CreateLamina(Profile profile)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Profile | profile |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Solid |
CreateLamina(IList<Vector3>)
Construct a lamina solid.
Declaration
public static Solid CreateLamina(IList<Vector3> perimeter)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Collections.Generic.IList<Vector3> | perimeter | The perimeter of the lamina's faces. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Solid |
Difference(Solid, Transform, Solid, Transform)
Compute the difference of two solids.
Declaration
public static Solid Difference(Solid a, Transform aTransform, Solid b, Transform bTransform)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Solid | a | The first solid. |
| Transform | aTransform | A local transformation of a. |
| Solid | b | The second solid. |
| Transform | bTransform | A local transformation of b. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Solid | A solid which is the difference of a and b. |
Difference(SolidOperation, SolidOperation)
Compute the difference of two solid operations.
Declaration
public static Solid Difference(SolidOperation a, SolidOperation b)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| SolidOperation | a | The first solid. |
| SolidOperation | b | The second solid. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Solid | A solid which is the difference of a and b. |
Intersection(Solid, Transform, Solid, Transform)
Compute the intersection of two solids.
Declaration
public static Solid Intersection(Solid a, Transform aTransform, Solid b, Transform bTransform)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Solid | a | The first solid. |
| Transform | aTransform | A local transformation of a. |
| Solid | b | The second solid. |
| Transform | bTransform | A local transformation of b. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Solid | A solid which is the the intersection of a and b. |
Intersection(SolidOperation, SolidOperation)
Compute the intersection of two solid operations.
Declaration
public static Solid Intersection(SolidOperation a, SolidOperation b)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| SolidOperation | a | The first solid. |
| SolidOperation | b | The second solid. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Solid | A solid which is the the intersection of a and b. |
Intersects(Plane, out List<Polygon>)
Intersect this solid with the provided plane.
Declaration
public bool Intersects(Plane p, out List<Polygon> result)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Plane | p | The plane of intersection. |
| System.Collections.Generic.List<Polygon> | result | A collection of polygons resulting from the intersection or null if there was no intersection. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Boolean | True if an intersection occurred, otherwise false. |
LoopFromPolygon(Polygon, Boolean, Transform, Boolean)
Declaration
protected Loop LoopFromPolygon(Polygon p, bool mergeVerticesAndEdges = false, Transform transform = null, bool reverse = false)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Polygon | p | |
| System.Boolean | mergeVerticesAndEdges | |
| Transform | transform | |
| System.Boolean | reverse |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Loop |
SweepFace(Polygon, IList<Polygon>, Vector3, Double, Boolean, Double)
Construct a solid by sweeping a face in a direction.
Declaration
public static Solid SweepFace(Polygon perimeter, IList<Polygon> holes, Vector3 direction, double distance, bool bothSides = false, double rotation = 0)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Polygon | perimeter | The perimeter of the face to sweep. |
| System.Collections.Generic.IList<Polygon> | holes | The holes of the face to sweep. |
| Vector3 | direction | The direction in which to sweep. |
| System.Double | distance | The distance to sweep. |
| System.Boolean | bothSides | Should the sweep start offset by direction distance/2? |
| System.Double | rotation | An optional rotation in degrees of the perimeter around the direction vector. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Solid | A solid. |
SweepFace(Polygon, IList<Polygon>, Double, Boolean, Double)
Construct a solid by sweeping a face.
Declaration
public static Solid SweepFace(Polygon perimeter, IList<Polygon> holes, double distance, bool bothSides = false, double rotation = 0)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Polygon | perimeter | The perimeter of the face to sweep. |
| System.Collections.Generic.IList<Polygon> | holes | The holes of the face to sweep. |
| System.Double | distance | The distance to sweep. |
| System.Boolean | bothSides | Should the sweep start offset by direction distance/2? |
| System.Double | rotation | An optional rotation in degrees of the perimeter around the z axis. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Solid | A solid. |
SweepFaceAlongCurve(Polygon, IList<Polygon>, IBoundedCurve, Double, Double, Double)
Construct a solid by sweeping a face along a curve.
Declaration
public static Solid SweepFaceAlongCurve(Polygon perimeter, IList<Polygon> holes, IBoundedCurve curve, double startSetback = 0, double endSetback = 0, double profileRotation = 0)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Polygon | perimeter | The perimeter of the face to sweep. |
| System.Collections.Generic.IList<Polygon> | holes | The holes of the face to sweep. |
| IBoundedCurve | curve | The curve along which to sweep. |
| System.Double | startSetback | The setback distance of the sweep from the start of the curve. |
| System.Double | endSetback | The setback distance of the sweep from the end of the curve. |
| System.Double | profileRotation | The rotation of the profile. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Solid | A solid. |
Tessellate(ref Mesh, Transform, Color)
Triangulate this solid.
Declaration
public void Tessellate(ref Mesh mesh, Transform transform = null, Color color = default(Color))
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Mesh | mesh | The mesh to which the solid's tessellated data will be added. |
| Transform | transform | An optional transform used to transform the generated vertex coordinates. |
| Color | color | An optional color to apply to the vertex. |
ToMesh()
Get the Mesh of this Solid.
Declaration
public Mesh ToMesh()
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Mesh |
ToString()
Get the string representation of the solid.
Declaration
public override string ToString()
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.String |
Overrides
Union(Solid, Transform, Solid, Transform)
Compute the union of two solids.
Declaration
public static Solid Union(Solid a, Transform aTransform, Solid b, Transform bTransform)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Solid | a | The first solid. |
| Transform | aTransform | A local transformation of a. |
| Solid | b | The second solid. |
| Transform | bTransform | A local transformation of b. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Solid | A solid which is the union of a and b. |
Union(SolidOperation, SolidOperation)
Compute the union of two solid operations.
Declaration
public static Solid Union(SolidOperation a, SolidOperation b)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| SolidOperation | a | The first solid. |
| SolidOperation | b | The second solid. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Solid | A solid which is the union of a and b. |


Apple's AirPods are already seeing Black Friday discounts, grab a pair now
Black Friday is just a few weeks away, and we've already gotten a peak at some of the deals with ads from, Walmart, Best Buy, Target, and more hitting the internet. While we won't know what Black Friday holds for all of Apple's tech, we have had some insight into special pricing for AirPods — and some of the deals are already available.
Source: Rene Ritchie / iMore
AirPods 2 vs. AirPods Pro: Which AirPods should I pick?
AirPods are Apple's revolutionary, wire-free earphones that pair super-easily with your other Apple devices and allow for a truly wireless audio experience. Using the proprietary Apple wireless chipsets, they sync together seamlessly for perfect playback and infrared sensors mean they know when they are in or out of your ears. You can control playback with a tap, a squeeze or with just your voice thanks to beam-forming mics.
There are a few versions of AirPods at this point, so it's worth knowing the differences before deciding which to scout out this Black Friday.
Apple released the first-gen AirPods in 2017. They feature the W1 chip, 5 hours of music playback or 2 hours of talk time, with playback controls coming in the form of a double-tap on either earbud to skip back or forward, or to rouse Siri. They've officially been replaced by the second-gen AirPods, so they are harder to come by these days and their price doesn't tend to fall too much below what you can snag AirPods 2 for.
AirPods 2 improved the talk time to three hours and added "Hey Siri" support so you can access the voice assistant completely hands-free. The second-gen were also the first AirPods to be available with a wireless charging case, so when checking out deals be sure to note whether the AirPods you're looking at are the wired or wireless charging version. Other than that, they are functionally the same.
AirPods Pro were just announced and are the first AirPods to feature active noise-cancellation. They have an in-ear design with different ear tips to find the right fit, and have a transparency mode so you can clearly hear your surroundings without removing them. They are also the first AirPods to be officially-labelled water-resistant with an iPX4 rating. AirPods Pro have a slightly shorter stem and their case is a tad wider. The ability to use Siri hands-free is still there, though the tap gestures for playback control have been replaced by a squeeze of the stem. This can also switch ANC on or off. They are the newest model, having only been released at the end of October, and therefore the most advanced (and most expensive) models available.
Do AirPods charge wirelessly?
Apple's second-generation AirPods are available with a wireless charging case that allows for them to be placed on a Qi-enabled charger to juice back up. That same charging case can be purchased separately to replace your original AirPods' wired case if you simply want to add that feature without replacing the headphones themselves.
The newly-released AirPods Pro also have Qi-charging built-in
Which iPhone models are AirPods compatible with?
AirPods 2 require an iOS 12.2 or later to work properly, so you need an iPhone 5s or newer as that's the cut-off point for iOS 12 support.
Support for AirPods Pro was only just added in iOS 13.2 so you need a slightly newer phone if you want to rock out with these. It'll be iPhone 6s or newer if you're planning on getting AirPods Pro.
Why should I buy AirPods over PowerBeats Pro or other wireless headphones?
There are tons of true wireless headphones out there these days, and many of them cost less than a set of AirPods. The main reason to opt for AirPods over the competition is the ease-of-use with your other Apple products. They pair super quickly without needing to fiddle around in the Bluetooth settings, work great with Siri, and their compact design makes them easy to take everywhere.
As Apple owns Beats, the more recently-released products like the Powerbeats Pro feature the same tight integration and may be a better pick for runners and gym-goers thanks to their sweat-resistance and ear hook design, though the case is much bulkier and they cost more than most AirPods models.
Is the AirPods price worth it?
Buyers of Apple products are well-used to paying a premium for the company's wares, though the value of the AirPods and AirPods Pro depends on what you're comparing them to. Yes, you can pick up some bargain-basement Bluetooth headphones for under $20 these days, but they might sound like garbage, have an unreliable connection, and die after an hour's use. If those things still suit your use case, then go ahead and save some money.
If you want a premium experience, solid build quality, and some wireless headphones that are super easy to use, then you're going to pay AirPods-level pricing whether you go for Apple-branded headphones or not. AirPods Pro in particular offer a solid value for the quality go the noise-cancellation in a super-premium market with the likes of Bose, Sony, and others. If you can grab a deal on Black Friday and make a saving, though, it's obviously better! The below deals can help you out in that regard.
Best AirPods Black Friday deals
| Apple AirPods | Deal Price |
|---|---|
| AirPods 2 with Wired Charging Case | $139 at Amazon |
| AirPods 2 with Wireless Charging Case | $165 at Amazon |
| AirPods (first-generation) | $144 at Amazon |
| AirPods Pro | $235 at Amazon |
AirPods 2 with Wired Charging Case
If you don't need the ability to place your AirPods down on a Qi charger to power them back up, you can save a little more by going for the second-gen AirPods with the wired charging case. Outside of the charging method, they are exactly the same as the wireless charging AirPods 2.
Walmart will have a crazy good deal on the wired-charging AirPods 2 for Black Friday, though it doesn't start until November 27. They'll drop down to $129 there which is the best Black Friday offer we've seen on them yet.
Plug in
AirPods 2 with Wired Charging Case
Pick up the current-gen AirPods with Wired Charging Case at Amazon right now and you can save $15. We have only ever seen them go $4 lower than this before, but if you need them now then this is still a good deal on them.
$139 $159 $20 off
AirPods 2 with Wireless Charging Case
If the convenience of wireless charging is worth it for you, the AirPods 2 with wireless charging case are for you. They are currently available at their best price to date and it's unclear from the many Black Friday ads if they are going to drop much further, if at all, on the big day.
Lay 'em down
AirPods 2 with Wireless Charging Case
Snag the current-gen AirPods with wireless Charging Case at Amazon right now and save $34. We have only ever seen them go $4 lower than this, and maybe that will occur again during Black Friday, but if you need them now then this is still a good deal on them.
$164.99 $199 $34 off
AirPods (first-generation)
The first-gen AirPods have been officially discontinued by Apple, so any remaining stock is likely to be cleared over time by way of tempting discounts. Black Friday is a prime opportunity for retailers to clear out their inventory, so we expect some extra savings wherever the original AirPods are still available, though stock may be limited.
The OG
AirPods (first-generation)
The AirPods 2 didn't represent a massive improvement from the original model. If "Hey Siri" and slightly improved talk time don't draw you to the newer version, the first-gen may well be the right pick — especially if you can grab 'em at a discount.
$144 $159 $14 off
AirPods Pro
The new, all-singing, all-dancing, AirPods Pro have only been out since late October so don't expect to grab them on Black Friday for anything other than a token discount. We have seen them fall by $15 a couple of times at Amazon and elsewhere, though, but the discount never lasts long before they go back up to their full price.
Go pro
AirPods Pro
AirPods Pro are currently full-price pretty much everywhere, but we'll keep our eyes peeled for marginal discounts over the next few weeks.
$249
How to get the Best AirPods Deals
The AirPods 2 are pretty new having only been released in the first quarter of 2019 and the AirPods Pro are less than a month old at this point, so don't expect to save half on Black Friday. That being said, we've already seen a couple of discounts of up to $35 so we may see some movement in the next few weeks.
You can still snag Apple's original AirPods and, being the older version, they are bound to see some discounts before they go away entirely.
We regularly scour the internet for the best AirPods deals. We will keep this page updated with the best deals we can find, so if you frequently find yourself looking for it, you'll want to bookmark this page.
Best Accessories for Apple AirPods
Apple's own AirPods are a magical accessory that complements all iPhones, iPads, and Macs. They're super intuitive to connect to your devices and all you need to do to control them is tap or swipe on them to control playback. But they're expensive, so you'll want to protect your investment or even improve their fit or staying power while you take them on a run. These are some of the best accessories you can buy for your AirPods.
Better fit: EarBuddyz 2.0 AirPods Covers
EarBuddyz are a soft, silicone cover that go over your AirPods and provide a comfy, secure fit. No more worrying about those AirPods falling out of your ears! The only drawback is that the AirPods can't charge with these on, but they slip on and off quickly and easily.
Strap it on: Spigen TEKA RA100 AirPods Strap
The Spigen TEKA RA100 AirPods Strap is made of a flexible and durable TPU material that's soft to the touch. The strap holds the AirPods together and goes around your neck when not in use. This is great for those who like to go running and listening to music at the same time.
Customize and protect: Airpod Skins Protective Wraps
Your AirPods are expensive, so you should protect them while adding a splash of color. Airpod Skins are vinyl skins that are easy to apply and remove. They'll protect your AirPods from everyday wear, tear, and scratches, while also looking stylish. Plus, with the brighter colors, it's less likely that you'll lose them.
Strap it and secure it: i-Blason Strap for AirPods
The i-Blason Strap for AirPods is similar to the Spigen strap, except these come with a built-in ear hook. The ear hook provides an even more secure fit, and you can be sure you won't lose them when you go out for a run.
We may earn a commission for purchases using our links. Learn more.


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__init__(self,
*args)
__init__(lldb::SBType self) -> SBType __init__(lldb::SBType self,
SBType rhs) -> SBType |
source code
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__swig_destroy__(...)
delete_SBType(SBType self) |
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GetByteSize(self)
GetByteSize(SBType self) -> uint64_t |
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IsPointerType(self)
IsPointerType(SBType self) -> bool |
source code
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IsReferenceType(self)
IsReferenceType(SBType self) -> bool |
source code
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IsFunctionType(self)
IsFunctionType(SBType self) -> bool |
source code
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IsPolymorphicClass(self)
IsPolymorphicClass(SBType self) -> bool |
source code
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GetPointerType(self)
GetPointerType(SBType self) -> SBType |
source code
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GetPointeeType(self)
GetPointeeType(SBType self) -> SBType |
source code
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GetReferenceType(self)
GetReferenceType(SBType self) -> SBType |
source code
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GetDereferencedType(self)
GetDereferencedType(SBType self) -> SBType |
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GetUnqualifiedType(self)
GetUnqualifiedType(SBType self) -> SBType |
source code
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GetCanonicalType(self)
GetCanonicalType(SBType self) -> SBType |
source code
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GetBasicType(self,
*args)
GetBasicType(SBType self) -> lldb::BasicType GetBasicType(SBType
self, lldb::BasicType type) -> SBType |
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GetNumberOfFields(self)
GetNumberOfFields(SBType self) -> uint32_t |
source code
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GetNumberOfDirectBaseClasses(self)
GetNumberOfDirectBaseClasses(SBType self) -> uint32_t |
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GetNumberOfVirtualBaseClasses(self)
GetNumberOfVirtualBaseClasses(SBType self) -> uint32_t |
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GetFieldAtIndex(self,
*args)
GetFieldAtIndex(SBType self, uint32_t idx) -> SBTypeMember |
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GetDirectBaseClassAtIndex(self,
*args)
GetDirectBaseClassAtIndex(SBType self, uint32_t idx) ->
SBTypeMember |
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GetVirtualBaseClassAtIndex(self,
*args)
GetVirtualBaseClassAtIndex(SBType self, uint32_t idx) ->
SBTypeMember |
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GetName(self)
GetName(SBType self) -> str const * |
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GetTypeClass(self)
GetTypeClass(SBType self) -> lldb::TypeClass |
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GetNumberOfTemplateArguments(self)
GetNumberOfTemplateArguments(SBType self) -> uint32_t |
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GetTemplateArgumentType(self,
*args)
GetTemplateArgumentType(SBType self, uint32_t idx) -> SBType |
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GetTemplateArgumentKind(self,
*args)
GetTemplateArgumentKind(SBType self, uint32_t idx) ->
lldb::TemplateArgumentKind |
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GetFunctionReturnType(self)
GetFunctionReturnType(SBType self) -> SBType |
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GetFunctionArgumentTypes(self)
GetFunctionArgumentTypes(SBType self) -> SBTypeList |
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IsTypeComplete(self)
IsTypeComplete(SBType self) -> bool |
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get_bases_array(self)
An accessor function that returns a list() that contains all direct
base classes in a lldb.SBType object. |
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get_vbases_array(self)
An accessor function that returns a list() that contains all fields
in a lldb.SBType object. |
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get_fields_array(self)
An accessor function that returns a list() that contains all fields
in a lldb.SBType object. |
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get_members_array(self)
An accessor function that returns a list() that contains all members
(base classes and fields) in a lldb.SBType object in ascending bit
offset order. |
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Inherited from object :
__delattr__ ,
__format__ ,
__getattribute__ ,
__hash__ ,
__new__ ,
__reduce__ ,
__reduce_ex__ ,
__sizeof__ ,
__subclasshook__
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bases
A read only property that returns a list() of lldb.SBTypeMember
objects that represent all of the direct base classes for this type.
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fields
A read only property that returns a list() of lldb.SBTypeMember
objects that represent all of the fields for this type.
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is_complete
A read only property that returns a boolean value that indicates if
this type is a complete type (True) or a forward declaration (False).
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is_pointer
A read only property that returns a boolean value that indicates if
this type is a pointer type.
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is_reference
A read only property that returns a boolean value that indicates if
this type is a function type.
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members
A read only property that returns a list() of all lldb.SBTypeMember
objects that represent all of the base classes, virtual base classes
and fields for this type in ascending bit offset order.
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name
A read only property that returns the name for this type as a string.
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num_bases
A read only property that returns number of direct base classes in
this type as an integer.
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num_fields
A read only property that returns number of fields in this type as an
integer.
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num_template_args
A read only property that returns number of template arguments in
this type as an integer.
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num_vbases
A read only property that returns number of virtual base classes in
this type as an integer.
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size
A read only property that returns size in bytes for this type as an
integer.
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template_args
A read only property that returns a list() of lldb.SBType objects
that represent all template arguments in this type.
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type
A read only property that returns an lldb enumeration value (see
enumerations that start with "lldb.eTypeClass") that
represents a classification for this type.
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vbases
A read only property that returns a list() of lldb.SBTypeMember
objects that represent all of the virtual base classes for this type.
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Inherited from object :
__class__
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Reasons why people drink
Some people are naturally anxious, causing them to perpetually worry. Drinking lowers an individual’s inhibitions and makes them more comfortable in social situations. Over time though, this can lead to addictive behaviors.
Relying on alcohol to reduce daily life stressors can impact the likelihood of developing alcoholism. Since alcohol is a depressant and a sedative, drinking produces feelings of pleasure. However, frequent drinking builds tolerance, requiring you to consume more alcohol in order to achieve the same effects.
Losing a family member or friend can take a toll on you emotionally, physically and mentally. Alcohol can ease the grief you are feeling and is used to get through difficult times. Depending on alcohol, even temporarily, can spiral into a drinking problem.
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Schedule {{CONFIG.VALUES.JAM_PHRASE_SINGULAR}}
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May 2015 Update
Agenda
- Benefits
- TimeBilling Classic
Benefits
Remember that there is a budget for expenses on team/personal growth
Examples of that:
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Claudio Briones participated in the course Kanban for Professionals
-
Daniel Ochoa asked for the book Modernizing Legacy Applications In PHP (available on libritos)
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Joaquín Figueroa asked for half-day to participate in a UX Meeting
Benefits
Also there is a budget for company/area wide activities like:
-
Daniel Ochoa organized a talk at the University of Santiago (developers span the new sexy)
-
Claudio Briones proposed the Fitness Training
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Camilo Verdugo organized the Space App Challenge and we were sponsors
Benefits
So don't forget to use it
(we haven't used it this month)
Benefits
Team rotation
As always, you can talk to me when you'd like to change teams or projects (previous agreement)
Benefits
Equipment rotation
If your equipment is not enough for your current tasks, don't forget to ask for what you need
We'll do our best to match your expectations
TimeBilling Classic
May 2015 Update


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Deviance Information Criteria
Deviation information criteria (DIC) is a metric used to compare Bayesian models. It is closely related to the Akaike information criteria (AIC) which is defined as \(2k - 2 \ln \hat{\mathcal{L}}\), where k is the number of parameters in a model and \(\hat{\mathcal{L}}\) is the maximised log-likelihood. The DIC makes some changes to this formula. Firstly by replacing a maximised log-likelihood with the log-likelihood evaluated at the Bayes estimate \(\hat{\theta}\) and by replacing \(k\) with an alternative correction
\[\begin{aligned} \text{DIC} & = -2 \log p(y \mid \hat{\theta}) + 2 p _{\text{DIC}} ,\\ p_{\text{DIC}} & = 2 \left( \log p(y \mid \hat{\theta}) - \mathbb{E} _{\text{post}} \log p(y \mid \theta) \right). \end{aligned}\]These changes make it more suitable for a Bayesian model, but beware, it isn’t a fully Bayesian metric in the philosophical sense. You are reducing probability distributions down to point estimates, so it looses some of the Bayesian credibility.
Example
To demonstrate how we can calculate DIC, I simulate some data and draw from its posterior distribution. For simplicity, I use the Poisson distribution with a conjugate gamma distribution. This lets me easily draw from the posterior distribution.
This gives us a DIC value of \(\sim 513\). Which is useless on its own, but given two models we can compare the DIC values and favour the model with lowest DIC.
Model Comparison
To demonstrate this, we simulate some data from a gamma distribution and fit two models; a gamma and a lognormal model using Stan.
The Stan code for the models is simply:
Replacing the gamma distribution for a lognormal in the other model.
I simulate 1000 datapoints and sample from Stan before forming a 2 column matrix with of the posterior samples.
To construct a function for the DIC, you need to be able to pass in
the data, likelihood function and posterior samples. Thankfully, R has
a fairly standard way of using its probability distributions, we can
rely on both dgamma
and dlnorm
to take in the same type of
arguments. But the dic
function is
not flexible enough that any distribution can be passed through.
By applying the function to the sample data and calculating the values we find that
| Model | DIC |
|---|---|
| Gamma | 375.2491 |
| Lognormal | 478.6547 |
The true model (gamma) has the lower DIC as expected. So everything is working as expected!
You can also asses the DIC on some out-of-sample data. This is achieved
by simply simulating from the same distribution and passing it through
the dic
function.
| Model | DIC |
|---|---|
| Gamma | 12.42242 |
| Lognormal | 30.78499 |
Again, the gamma model has the lower DIC, more evidence that this is the correct model.
Overall, the DIC is a useful metric to asses your model correctness and easy to calculate using your posterior samples.
Submitted to RWeekly


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113488-general/topic/Convert.20Divisibility.20Hypothesis.20to.20pexpr.html ---
I've come across an issue with a tactic I'm trying to write, which needs to have different behaviour based on the divisibility of the inputs, and I need to be able to convert the hypothesis generated by the if statement into a pexpr (or expr as the conversion between the two is not an issue) to use later in the tactic.
/-- If `x ∣ y` return an `expr` containing a proof! -/
meta def baz (x y : ℕ) : tactic (option expr) :=
if h : x ∣ y then
some <$> to_expr ``(reflect %%h)
else
pure none
The above code currently errors with, failed to find type class instance for has_to_pexpr (x ∣ y). Does anyone know if this instance exists and just can't be inferred correctly, a way to make this instance if it doesn't exist, or an alternative way to convert the hypothesis to a (p)expr?
It is not possible to do what you are attempting, because h
does not exist in the VM
:-(
Instead, you merely learn from that if statement that in fact x divides y, without a proof
You can try to produce a proof by using dec_trivial
by norm_num
is probably the best method
Oh, I see. You have the if statement that is executed in the tactic logic, and then when it's time to build the expr
you're after, you build the proof again inside a quotation.
Is this doing it?
open tactic /-- If `x ∣ y` return an `expr` containing a proof! -/ meta def baz (x y : ℕ) : tactic (option expr) := if h : x ∣ y then some <$> to_expr ``(by norm_num : %%(reflect x) ∣ %%(reflect y)) else pure none
/-- If `x ∣ y` return an `expr` containing a proof! -/ meta def baz (x y : ℕ) : tactic (option expr) := if x ∣ y then do (_, p) ← norm_num.derive `((%%(reflect x) : ℕ) ∣ %%(reflect y)), p' ← tactic.mk_eq_mpr p `(trivial), return (some p') else pure none run_cmd do some e <- baz 2 6, tactic.infer_type e >>= tactic.trace
you build the proof again
You never built a proof the first time. For all you know the reason x | y evaluated to true is because it evaluated it with GMP natural numbers
Huh. Okay!
Lean is awesome. :-)
Indeed. Both dec_trivial and norm_num seem to work in this instance, this tactic is now appears to be fully working Scott.
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


DH_INSTALLINIT(1) Debhelper DH_INSTALLINIT(1) NAME dh_installinit - install init scripts and/or upstart jobs into package build directories SYNOPSIS dh_installinit [debhelperÂ options] [--name=name] [-n] [-R] [-r] [-d] [--Â params] DESCRIPTION dh_installinit is a debhelper program that is responsible for installing init scripts with associated defaults files, as well as upstart job files into package build directories. It also automatically generates the postinst and postrm and prerm commands needed to set up the symlinks in /etc/rc*.d/ to start and stop the init scripts. FILES debian/package.init If this exists, it is installed into etc/init.d/package in the package build directory. debian/package.default If this exists, it is installed into etc/default/package in the package build directory. debian/package.upstart If this exists, it is installed into etc/init/package.conf in the package build directory. OPTIONS -n, --noscripts Do not modify postinst/postrm/prerm scripts. -o, --onlyscripts Only modify postinst/postrm/prerm scripts, do not actually install any init script, default files, or upstart job. May be useful if the init script or upstart job is shipped and/or installed by upstream in a way that doesn't make it easy to let dh_installinit find it. -R, --restart-after-upgrade Do not stop the init script until after the package upgrade has been completed. This is different than the default behavior, which stops the script in the prerm, and starts it again in the postinst. This can be useful for daemons that should not have a possibly long downtime during upgrade. But you should make sure that the daemon will not get confused by the package being upgraded while it's running before using this option. -r, --no-restart-on-upgrade Do not stop init script on upgrade. --no-start Do not start the init script on install or upgrade, or stop it on removal. Only call update-rc.d. Useful for rcS scripts. -d, --remove-d Remove trailing d from the name of the package, and use the result for the filename the upstart job file is installed as in etc/init/ , and for the filename the init script is installed as in etc/init.d and the default file is installed as in etc/default/ . This may be useful for daemons with names ending in d. (Note: this takes precedence over the --init-script parameter described below.) -uparams --update-rcd-params=params -- params Pass params to update-rc.d(8). If not specified, defaults will be passed to update-rc.d(8). --name=name Install the init script (and default file) as well as upstart job file using the filename name instead of the default filename, which is the package name. When this parameter is used, dh_installinit looks for and installs files named debian/package.name.init, debian/package.name.default and debian/package.name.upstart instead of the usual debian/package.init, debian/package.default and debian/package.upstart. --init-script=scriptname Use scriptname as the filename the init script is installed as in etc/init.d/ (and also use it as the filename for the defaults file, if it is installed). If you use this parameter, dh_installinit will look to see if a file in the debian/ directory exists that looks like package.scriptname and if so will install it as the init script in preference to the files it normally installs. This parameter is deprecated, use the --name parameter instead. This parameter is incompatible with the use of upstart jobs. --error-handler=function Call the named shell function if running the init script fails. The function should be provided in the prerm and postinst scripts, before the #DEBHELPER# token. NOTES Note that this command is not idempotent. dh_prep(1) should be called between invocations of this command. Otherwise, it may cause multiple instances of the same text to be added to maintainer scripts. SEE ALSO debhelper(7) This program is a part of debhelper. AUTHORS Joey Hess<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Steve Langasek<EMAIL_ADDRESS>9.20120909 2012-04-10 DH_INSTALLINIT(1)