The primary data structure in Schutz, which represents code being edited, is called an EST, for Extended Syntax Tree. Imbedded within an EST is an AST, abstractly viewable as a standard abstract syntax tree, with some significant representational differences.
For each language, there is a single flat space of token codes, of several kinds. The lowest numbered are common to all languages and have special purposes. These are declared in LbdStd.i3. For each langauge, there are several categories of codes. constant terminals.
In a usual ast, a leaf node corresponds to a lexical token that, for parsing purposes, is a terminal in the grammar of the language, but has additional information attached, for uses beyond parsing. Identifiera and string literals are typical examples. In Schutz, these are called VarTerms, for variable terminal . These are represented by a node containing the token code and a pointer to atom of the character string.
In a conventional ast, each significant syntactic construct, e.g., an if-statement or a subrange-type, is represented by an interior node that contains an ast token code denoting which particular construct it represents, and child subtrees that represent the components it is constructed from. The children are, in general, subtrees of unbounded size and complexity. Most such children are constrained to be a subtree rooted by a particular subset of the ast tokens. Each ast token implies a possibly different list of children and their kinds, and the ast node is often statically typed with this list.
A Schutz est is similar. Each interior est node has an ast token, and some of its leaf nodes are VarTerms. But there are possibly other children, besides ests and VarTerms. These are called mods. for modifier. They represent nonsyntactic content such as comments, error messages, etc. Moreover, the children are stored in a runtime variable list.
Displaying content texually entails a variation on paramodulation. There is a language-dependent set of rewrite rules, one for each ast token. Each rule gives a list of what, in a paramodulation system, are called variables that match the ast children of the ast node. Interspersed among these are other items that are to be inserted into the textual equivant of the est node. Most commonly, ond of these is a terminal symbol of fixed spelling, called a constterm, for constant terminal. A constterm correspond to a delimiter token, such as "IF", or ";", that brackets and separates the textual representations of the subtrees.
In the theory, paramodulation means rewriting the tree by systematic application of such rules. In Schutz, the thus-rewritten tree is never physically constructed, but remains conceptual. Several est traverse algorithms alternate between traversing an est node and traversing its rewrite rule, performing appropriate actions on components of each.
In Schutz, the rewrite rules of a language are orginally specified textually, in ldl1, by the language definer. The rules are called fsrules, for format syntax rules. Ldl processing of these converts each to a linked tree data structure, which is loaded into RAM as part of the supporting data for a language. This is called an fstree, format syntax tree. The fstree for an ast node is located directly by the node's token code. Nodes of an fstree that call for inserting a constterm are called insertion tokens and are leaf nodes.
There are several additional complications possible in a format syntax rule/tree. First, along the leaf nodes, there may also be line breaks. These specify that a new line is to be begun where the line break occurs. The inserted new line is indented by a dynamically computed amount inherited from above, plus a static amount attached to the line break.
There are three conditions controlling whether a line break is actually taken. All line breaks in a range of textual material have the same condition. A group of vertical line breaks are always inserted. A group of horizontal line break is inserted only if the entire range of textual material they belong to fits on the current line. Otherwise, none of them is taken. a fill line break, independently of the others in its range, is taken if the material from it to the following (fill) line break or the end of the range fits on the line. Thus sections of material delimited by fill line breaks are treated the way words are filled by a work processor.
The relevant range of textual material, in the simple case, is the entire fsrule. Alternatively, the rule can be broken into subsections, either nested or disjoint, each of which has a different condition on its line breaks.
An fsrule/fstree can also have subsections that are conditionally used in their entirity. These are controlled by any of an extensive set of predicates on properies of both the children and the Est node. For example, this can be used to selectivly insert required parentheses around a subexpression of lower precedence than the est node itself.
The leaf nodes of an fsrule are numbered sequentially, left-to-right. These are called fsnos, for format syntax numbers. They are used to match fstree leaf nodes to est leaf nodes. Each est leaf also has a fsno stored it it. This will be equal to the fsno of the fsrule leaf that corresponds to it.
In addition to ast children, all of the modifier children of the est, have a fsno too. This attaches the modifier to an ast child. Each kind of modifier is statically either leading or trailing, the former being more common. Every leaf of an fstree matches a range, possibly empty, of est children all with the same fsno as the fstree leaf. This will include zero or more leading modifiers, an optional est child, and zero or more trailing modifiers.
The est child can occur only for a VarTerm, but even then is optional. It could be optional in the abstract grammer of the language, e.g. an initial value expression of a variable declaration. It can also be removed in various cases involving textual editing, syntax error repair suggestions, etc.
Insertion tokens are backwards in the sense that they are absent from the est, but implicitly part of its textual material. This saves a lot of memory, perticularly since many of them will be a single character. So when one needs to be removed, it is done, perversely, by inserting a delete modifier This is a leading modifier containing the fsno of the insertion token. It specifies that the token is not to be inserted. It can also apply to a line break. Unlike any other kind of modifier, it also gives an ending fmtno, so one modifier can delete multiple fsnos.
In Schutz terminlogy, a newline causes textual display to start on the next line. But unlike a carriage return, multiple newlines, concatentated with nothing visible in between, only cause moving to the next line once. One might say concatenation of newlines in idempotent. A newline can be inserted by a line break, or by certain modifiers.
A blank line mod is a leading modifier that specifies insertion of two or more new lines, but there is implicitly one or more lines of white but nonempty space between then, so they are not concatenated in the way described above. It is the only way to get blank lines to display.
There are four kinds of comment modifiers, a two-by-two cartesian product. They can be fixed, which are not moved horizontally, or movable, which are, tracking motion of syntactic material that results from editing, parsing, relayout, etc. They can be leading or trailing. Trailing comment modifiers are the only trailing modifiers at all. These are comments that occur to the right of all syntactic material on the line. In general, a comment modifier can have a newline at its beginning and/or its end.
When the user types new or altered text, which has yet to be reparsed, I text modifier gets inserted. All text altered or touched by a contiguous group of edits is removed from the est in the ways described above. Then any alterted text is inserted as a text modifier. It resembles a comment modifier, but will be rescanned and reparsed upon request from the user. It can have a newline at its beginning and/or its end.
A token modifier is used so as not to lose user-typed text that the parser suggests deleting, as part of its syntax repair. The token can have a large complement of leading and trailing modifiers as well as its own text, if a VarTerm. A token modifier is actually a mini-est with one root and children like a single fsno would have.
There are additional modifier kinds for a few kinds of messages and text not recognized by the scanner.
The children of an est node are kept in an array of leaf elements, which have additional fields beside the obvious pointer to the child node. One is the fsno of the child. This is a property that is meaningful only in the context of the parent node, so belongs here. Another is a cumulative count of nodes in the child subtree and all child subtrees to its right. The subscripts of the children increase right-to-left, and the cumulative node counts also reflect this. This ordering complements reductions during LR parsing. The meaning of this depends partly on the parent node too. Finally, there is a set of property bits, used to locate desired nodes in O(logN) time.
Most of the manipulation of ests operates at a level of abstraction where in interior node appears to have a flat list with a variable number of children. However, there are many places this would require linear-time search through the children, which in some cases, will be longish. Instead, at a lower level, a single est node and its children are actually represented by a K tree. After the initial development of the K tree data structure, it was pointed out that the term K tree was in use with another meaning, so they were renamed Sequence trees in later literature. But "KTree" was already in extensive use in the the code of Schutz, so has been retained there.
A K tree is a multi-level tree of nodes with variable child count, ranging up to a small static maximum, here eight. All paths to leaves are the same length. It represents a sequence of anything, with no search keys. Elements are identified only by their position in the sequence. It allows cutting out a subsequence or slice and concatenation of sequences in logarighmic time in the sequence length. It works functionally, i.e., with immutable and shared nodes, thus requiring a garbage collector.
In pure form, slicing, concatenating, and a few other operations are implemented as independent operations. However, in Schutz, there is a set of composite operatoins for building a K tree by concatenating, right-to-left, multiple slices of other K trees. Moreover, during such a build, a portion of the partially constructed tree is maintained in temporary, mutable data structures. This avoids a potentially large amount of allocation, copying, and garbage production in achieving the desired result.
The physical data structure integrates est trees and K trees. There is a cartesian product of nodes that are leaf/nonleaf K tree nodes, and est parent/est children.
Since a K tree node has a limited out degree, its children can be searched efficiently. Even then, a binary search can be performed on its children. Thus a search through an entire est can be done in logarithmic time.
Aside from systematic traversal of an entire est, there are two methods of locating a desired node in an est. One is for locating a node with some interesting property. Each est node a set of kind bits. This is a fixed set of bits, each denoting an interesting node property. Each est node holds bits for all properties found anywhere in its subtree. Thus finding the next/previous leaf node with a desired property, it is possible to descend thereto, by looking for a child containing the propery, in logarithmic time. Complete kind bit sets are maintained when building ests.
The other locating mechanism is through node numbering. Conceptially, all the nodes are numbered in a preorder, i.e., parent node first, then its child subtrees, in left-to-right order. Physically each interior est node contains only the count of the nodes in the subtree it roots, including itself. One one hand, this means there a node can be shared among mutiple ests, since it does not contain inherited information. On the other hand, it is possible to do a top-down traversal, developing full node numbers along the way.
With this any explicit node can be located by its global node number. Implicit items, i.e., the insertion tokens and line breaks, can be identified by number of a nearby node, plus the fsno of the implicit item. In the case of a new line given by a modifier that can contain one before and one after, an additional boolean will suffice.
The global node number mechanism is used to denote beginnings of text lines in an est. When there are multiple new lines concatenated, the rightmost is always the one identified in this way. For a blank line modifier that denotes more than one blank line, a line number withih the modifier is additionally used.
Interior points within a line, such as the typein cursor, selection limits, bookmarks, etc. are identified in the same way, except a character position within the item is also required.
During reparsing, another mechanism is required. Fragments of the est are being moved around independently, and global node numbers will not be meaningful. Prior to reparsing, a mark on an est leaf node is converted to a pointer directly to the node, node kind bits are inserted into the est that lead to each such pointed-to leaf node. These are called tempmarks, for temporary marks.
During rescanning, tree traversal, and reparsing there is a rather complex scheme of patching this kind of mark to follow the material it denotes. Finally, when the reparse is done, they are converted back to the the global node number kind of marks, using the kind bits to locate them. This is a fragile mechanism, but seems necessary to keep track of marked points during reparsing.
There is special treatment of est nodes that represent lists of varying numbers of syntactic children, all of the same class, e.g., a list of declarations or formal parameters. The usual way of representing these uses a left- or right-recursive production, which has the consequence that the list portion of the ast amounts to a linear linked list of the elements. In Schutz, this is undesirable for two reasons. First, it undermines the logarithmic time operations. This is particularly important, because it is mainly through ever longer lists of statements that edited programs become large.
Secondly, when doing incremental reparsing out in the middle of a list, this would require a lot of allocation and copying of otherwise unchanged nodes, just to alter their effective link pointer.
Instead, the est node for a list has all the children, i.e., the list elements, flattened into direct children of the est node. If the list is long, the K tree mechanism inside will balance the children and maintain logarithmic operations, regardless of which children are changed and which left alone. Moreover, it also allows the parsing grammer to use an ambiguous left-and-right recursive production, so the parser can leave untouched children alone, again regardless of their location in the list. Building the est child list during a reduction flattens the right had side of the production, so the ambiguity doesn't matter.
To make the format syntax numbering and conditional formtting work in a list, the fsrule/fstree has exactly one leaf that is an est child, for the list element. This can occur somewhere in the middle of the fs children. The numbering starts with zero for this, continues righttward, wraps around to the left, then rightward to the list element. Traversing the fstree wraps around too, visiting all the fs children for each ast child.
Sometimes a list element needs to be omitted from the corresponding est but some insertion tokens and/or line breaks remain. Since the fsnos of est children keep going around, this can create ambiguities in the fsno matchup between the fstree an the est children. When this is possible, an explicit but dummy ast child is inserted into the est, to mark the place of the omitted child. It generates no syntactic or textual content.
Decisions about whether to take a horizontal line break are made without traversing, with the aid of width info, a collection of information about the space occupied by the text of an est node. This is complicated by the fact that, in addition to a simple character count, it can involve new lines at the beginning or end of the text, new lines properly inside, which are different, and the presence of material with a absolute start position, which some comments have. Width info distils needed information, independent of start position, and in a way that can be synthesized, bottom-up.
For leaf est nodes, it is computed when needed, directly from the node. For interior est nodes, it is computable from the width info of the children, and is stored in the node when it is created. This entails a concatenation operation on width info values, along with insertion of requires white space between children. A start position and a width info value can be used later to ascertain how far right node's text will extend.
For a fill line break, some traversal is unavoidable, but although it is a bit complex algorithmically, it need not traverse very far, so it is not too computationally demanding.


My main goal in life to become successfull by becoming a world class programmer and also to start a small business. To help others who are in need and also to retire when I reach 30:)


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A yearning
to feel,
even
if it's just
"too cold,"
is it innate
in me, or
was I destined
to be warped
into this slow
collection
of dust
floating
in the
ocean?


Last updated: October 21, 2020
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Helping the farmers using AI to determine Crop Choices
Ratio of Nitrogen content in soil
Ratio of Phosphorous content in soil
Ratio of Potassium content in soil
Temperature in degree Celsius
Relative humidity in %
ph value of the soil
Rainfall in mm
{{ prediction_text }}


21.4
Summaries of All
Available Statements of Passengers and Crew
21.4.1
Summaries of Passengers Statements
| Name | Location at heel | Pre-casualty observations | Noise scenario times/observations | Heel | Observations during way up | Subsequent observations | ||
| time/0° | righting up ? | occurrence | ||||||
| Ewa Askerup (Stockholm) Police-ST Section | cabin 6129 in bed | water smashed against windows could not sleep due to hard movements of vessel | just after 01.00 hrs. heel to starboard then to port and again heavily to starboard |
just after 01.00 hrs.
|
no comment
|
everything moved against the door
|
||
|
Nikolajs Andrejev from Latvia
|
cabin 1016
|
in bed very hard movements of vessel
|
no
|
no comment
|
1) thrown out of bed (lower); 2) unbelievably hard bang which threw him against wall, cannot say from where bang came, had feeling that vessel had collided with something; 3) shortly after bang heel to starboard. |
saw and felt cold water on car deck level vessel heeled severely to star-board
|
45° angle when reaching deck 7
|
|
|
Antti Arak (Tallinn)
|
cabin 1056
|
last car to roll on board, they were a party of 5, one stayed in the car |
no comment
|
no
|
no comment
|
was awakened by screams, out of cabin and saw water on floor | ||
|
Pär Andersson (Granges/Sweden)
|
cabin 4319
|
nothing special until mid-night, took outside/inside walk around after midnight, also looked down on fore-castle, saw wet carpet and water on stairs between decks 5/6 |
1) between 24.00-01.00 hrs. heavy metallic banging noises; 2) at 01.05-01.10 hrs. engine stopped (estimate). |
no
|
no comment
|
reported heavy heel only when they were already on deck 7 with many people
|
bow raised, stern sank
|
|
|
Janno Aser (Tallinn)
|
Night Club deck 4 (port, aft) |
vessel was shaking/ vibrating
|
no comment
|
no
|
no comment
|
felt sudden heel to starboard, saw furniture moving rapidly |
no comment
|
45° when on deck 7
|
|
Karin Bergqvist (Sogärs/Sweden)
|
cabin on deck 4 and Karaoke Bar (deck 5) | |||||||
|
Jonnie Bergqvist (Johaneskov/ Sweden) Policeman ST Section
|
cabin 6119 Pub on deck 5 (Pub Admiral) mid-ships, star-board side |
vessel was pitching very hard
|
shaking/vibrating, bar personnel took bottles from the shelves
|
just after 01.00 hrs.
|
vessel heeled to port, then a hard push and bang, then severe heel to star-board, all loose objects were flying to the deep side
|
|||
| Name | Location at heel | Pre-casualty observations | Noise scenario times/observations | Heel | Observations during way up | Subsequent observations | ||
| time/0° | righting up ? | occurrence | ||||||
|
Leif Bogren (Fåssberg/Sweden) Mazda bus with trailer
|
cabin 5128 (4th cabin from forward port, inside)
|
normal cracking, banging noises of vessel in heavy weather, at 24.00 hrs. was on foredeck (7), saw fantastic cascades of water, speed was too high under the circumstances, 23.30 hrs. (?) to bed
|
1) suddenly low banging noise, metallic; 2) 30-60 seconds later bang; 3) after 40-60 seconds loud bang (metallic), appeared to him as if a hull plate was smashed in; 4) 1-2 minutes later engines stopped; 5) 1-2 minutes later sudden heel to starboard (was already on way up). |
ca. 00.40 /45 hrs.
ca. 00.55 hrs.
|
had been working at shipyard before and is thus sure that the heavy metallic noise he heard two or three times within ca. 2 minutes was as if something was beating with a huge hammer against vessel's hull
|
5 minutes up to deck 7, 45° starboard
|
||
|
Stephan Duijndam (Ablasserdam/ Holland)
|
cabin 4221
|
high sea state 23.00 hrs. to bed
|
01.00 hrs. woke up from noise as if vessel had collided with something, heard several crashing/ cracking noises there-after |
ca. 01.00 hrs.
|
vessel heeled to starboard so that he was thrown out of his (upper) bed to the floor
|
chaos every-where, officer in white shirt with walkie-talkie on 7th deck
|
||
|
Per-Erik Ehrnsten
|
cabin 6304
|
woke up from hard bang, and heard thereafter in regular intervals 4-5 times "tong-tong, etc.", pause and again, got up and dressed |
no
|
vessel heeled 25-30° and did not right up
|
saw Silver Linde and two crew inside deck 7 (max. 5 min. after heel), one was the 2nd engineer, two had walkie-talkies, Silver Linde reported into the walkie-talkie about water in the ship | ca. 30 minutes list between 30-50°; engines were stopped at 50-60° light out and on again, saw 2 vessels which did not come closer, saw port stabiliser, saw bow ramp closed or almost closed | ||
| Håkan Ekstedt (Karlstad/Sweden) Statoil employee | cabin 5205 | felt the sea state already at 21.30 hrs. at dinner | to bed before 01.00 hrs., heavy pitching | ca. 01.20 hrs. | woke up when vessel heeled to starboard and everything moved to the side | heel no. 2 to 45° | ||
| Marianne Ehn (Uppsala/Sweden) | cabin 6222 | 21.30 hrs. to bed | woke up from beating noises, called husband who said it was 01.00 hrs. | ca. 01.00 hrs. | vessel dove into deep wave trough, small heel and then the abrupt heel to starboard and everything .... the engines stopped | vessel heeled violently | ||
| Christer Eklöf (Sollefteå/Sweden) | cabin 4219 | truck driver in restaurant on 6th deck (presumably Restaurant Poseidon) trucks were so close that the mirrors had been bent inside, no securings | wind and sea from port side, was sitting after 00.30 hrs. at the exit port side, some minutes after 01.00 hrs. bow rose/sank 2-3 times, vessel behaved differently and a fatal minute later fell to starboard | ca. 01.02/03 hrs. | yes | |||
| Name | Location at heel | Pre-casualty observations | Noise scenario times/observations | Heel | Observations during way up | Subsequent observations | ||
| time/0° | righting up ? | occurrence | ||||||
| Brigitte Eriksson (Södersbyn/ Sweden) | cabin 5229 | ca. 24.00 hrs. vessel began to labour, husband wanted to make round, but returned silently after some minutes and also went to bed | heard noises of metal beating against metal, directly thereafter the vessel heeled to star-board | husband caught Birgitte from falling out of bed, left cabin in great hurry, husband always pushing her | ||||
| Anders Ericson (Karlskoga/ Sweden) | cabin 4131 port side forward | 23.15 hrs. to bed, high sea state, vessel shaking/ vibrating, impossible to sleep 21.00 hrs. on bridge course 262° wind: 20 m/sea | ca. 01.00 hrs. suddenly two heavy bangs, one after the other, got up and dressed, noises came close to his cabin | ca. 01.00 hrs. | left cabin and walked aft, after ca. 20 sec. vessel heeled slightly to star-board, kept walking aft to centre stairway, vessel heeled more, walked upstairs to deck 6 when vessel suddenly heeled to ca. 30°, continued to deck 7 | |||
| Mats Finnanger (Foslandsen/ Norway) 12 years old | cabin 1002 | was thrown out of his bed, same happened to his father | managed to reach deck 7 | lost his whole family | ||||
| Maria Fågersten (Huddinge/Sweden)Stockholm Police ST-Section | cabin 6107but was in Karaoke Bar (5th deck) | heavy pitching, shaking/ vibrating of vessel, at 00.45 hrs. the casualty sequence began, glasses above the bar fell out of their holdings, suddenly everything slid to one side - clock above the bar showed 01.05 hrs. | 01.05 hrs. | yes | vessel fell on the side, very rapidly people were thrown against the wall, she could hold onto the bar 'the ship came over me' | |||
| Name | Location at heel | Pre-casualty observations | Noise scenario times/observations | Heel | Observations during way up | Subsequent observations | ||
| time/0° | righting up ? | occurrence | ||||||
| Tomas Grunde (Stockholm)Manager Statoil | Karaoke Bar | 1st bang from forward and vessel heeled, more heavy banging from forward, vessel heeled heavily to port | ca. 01.15 hrs. | light out/on | ||||
| Erik Gemheden (Tuskvarna/ Sweden)member of Bible School | cabin 1026but was in corridor on way aft on deck 6 | vessel was labouring heavily and suddenly heeled, more and more quickly, vessel was shaking | he was thrown against the bulk-head - starboard side | one foot on deck, the other on the wall | heard "Mayday, Mayday" from loudspeakers | |||
| Jan Grafström (Djursholm/Sweden) Policeman ST-Section | cabin on 6th deck Karaoke Bar | just after 01.00 hrs. | severe heel and up to deck 7, 30° | |||||
| Nebosja Grkovic | cabin 6217(with Rolf Sörman) | was on outer deck at 22.00-23.00 hrs.and looked onto forecastle | was alone in cabin, heel came without any warning, left to starboard side | ca. 01.00 hrs. | yes | vessel heeled, righted up and heeled again | jumped into the sea from star-board side, Estonian sailor stayed on board | |
| Tåge Hellgren Policeman ST-Section | cabin 6126Karaoke Bar | reported nothing | no | 1st heel to ca. 20°, did not right up, thereafter step by step until on the side after 20 minutes | lights went out after 5-10 minutes and came back - after 20 minutes black out | |||
| Kent Härstedt | cabin 4316until 24.00 hrs. | at 24.00 hrs. woke up from a muffled sound which was nevertheless "heavy", as if something moved from side to side and crashed with force against the hull - he felt uneasy and joined his colleagues in the Pub Admiral | yes | after ca. 30 min. at the bar: vessel rolled 2-3 times, lots of bottles were falling off the shelf, vessel righted up and then fell to the starboard side | 45° | met Sara Hedrenius and they helped each other | ||
| Name | Location at heel | Pre-casualty observations | Noise scenario times/observations | Heel | Observations during way up | Subsequent observations | ||
| time/0° | righting up ? | occurrence | ||||||
| Altti Hakanpää | cabin 1047 Karaoke Bar | at about 24.00 hrs. when he was in Restaurant Poseidon the vessel was twice shaken heavily, dancing girls in the Karaoke Bar fell, etc., the vessel heeled ca. 45° | ca. 01.25 hrs. | see memo interview Jutta Rabe | see memo interview Jutta Rabe | |||
| Sara Hedrenius | Café Neptunus (near Paul Barney) | asleep since ca. 21.30 hrs. but felt the hard movements | woke up from 2 heavy bangs which made the vessel shake (thought they had hit a rock), vessel moved up and down, she fell back (half) to sleep, but not for long, then the heel | no | no | see WH interview | see WH interview | stern was higher than bow at first, which later changed when bow rose and stern went down |
| Mats Hillerström | cabin 1027on 6th deck in the open, aft of Restaurant Poseidon | hard movements, pitching and rolling, 2-3 times on forepart deck 7 and looked down onto forecastle, last time ca. 22.30 hrs., search light was on | nothing heard, "SILJA EUROPA" abeam, "MARIELLA" aft of abeam, vessel had been slamming since 00.30 hrs., on deck 6 aft | 01.20 hrs. (est.) | yes | vessel heeled wide to starboard, righted not fully, continued to heel | heel was too big to walk up, pulled himself up the rail to star-board side and up the stairs to deck 7 - there was then only 1 Estonian crew member (ESTLINE on his back) | looked over the port side and saw 1) vessel turning to port 2) some fine just out of water (heel ca. 25°) 3) slow speed |
| Jukka Pekka Ihalainen truck driver (had previously been with Coast Guard/Navy at Russarö) | cabin 4212 4th deck shared cab-in with Leo Sillanpää (() | to bed 22.30 hrs., woke up from radio music at 00.32 hrs., turned it down and slept again | woke up again shortly afterwards from three bangs, that engines were reduced and then stopped | vessel heeled | engines were stopped and the vessel drifted with wind and sea, the other two ferries were at port, ca. 30° aft of abeam | Silja and Viking ferries at port side (could not believe that "E" had changed course after the heel), both vessels continued on their course and speed, met Per-Erik Ehrnsten in life-raft | ||
| Vilho Itäranta | aft part of 6th deck, possibly cabin 6334 | early to bed (upper bed), heard strange propeller noise (as if propeller rising above water level at each pitch movement) | climbed down from his upper bed and was about to put back the ladder when the big heel occurred | the heel occurred in steps | "Mayday, May-day" over loud-speakers |
water was spraying from the highest point of the bridge |
||
| Name | Location at heel | Pre-casualty observations | Noise scenario times/observations | Heel | Observations during way up | Subsequent observations | ||
| time/0° | righting up ? | occurrence | ||||||
| Sten Jolind | cabin 5135 | was up on deck 7 and overlooking forecastle several times, heard heavy bangs, thought vessel was too fast | at 24.00 hrs. to bed. between 00.00-01.00 hrs. 2 or 3 really heavy bangs from forward (heavier and louder than before), got up and dressed | when he had just opened the door the vessel heeled, everything slid against the door | no one was in the alleyway at first, vessel heeled stepwise | |||
| Ain-Alar Juhanson small Mercedes bus - one of the last cars | cabin 1056 | was sleeping and heard frequent hard bangs | hard metallic bang and vessel heeled | jumped out of door into water in the alleyway | ||||
| Tom Jonsson one of the 68 policemen | cabin 4405 | just after 01.00 hrs. | no | came out of toilet when vessel heeled, up normal, water smashed against cabin window (starboard side) | ||||
| Morten Boje Jensen (Copenhagen) | cabin 4603 | vessel was labouring more and more | ca. 23.40 hrs. in bed , ca. 00.00 put out light, no sleep, small banging noise combined with pitching, then 3 bangs, very hard, after the 2nd one car alarm went off | no | sudden heel to ca. 45°, simultaneously something big moved below from starboard to port | found alleyway blocked by steel bars towards Reception | ||
| Ülo Kikas | deck passenger Night Club | ca. 01.15 hrs. | vessel rolled from port to starboard | when on deck 7, 30° heel, engines stopped | ||||
| Jürgen Korjas | cabin 1022 toilet near Night Club | hard movements | no | suddenly the vessel fell to one side | came out of toilet door and saw crack in ceiling out of which water was spraying |
saw 2 vessels, one to the left, the other one astern, after ca. 30 minutes the vessel was aside |
||
| Name | Location at heel | Pre-casualty observations | Noise scenario times/observations | Heel | Observations during way up | Subsequent observations | ||
| time/0° | righting up ? | occurrence | ||||||
| Neemi Künno Kalk | cabin 1122 | went to cabin at 21.00 hrs. and was reading until 23.30 hrs. | awakened by rust-ling sound and saw from way his jacket was hanging that the heel was ca. 45° | water on car deck level | ||||
| Margus Karmet truck driver | cabin 4224 | trucks and trailers were secured by belts, was one of the first trucks to drive on board | to bed ca. 23.30 hrs., heard strange cracking noises in the structure, woke up from some unusual noise | woke up when his head smashed against the wall due to heavy heeling | the ramp was missing | |||
| Marek Kaasik | deck passenger | heavy movements | about 1 hour before, heavy bangs and vessel shaking in whole structure, heard metallic noises from above | no | vessel heeled over | 45° | heard start of emergency generator | |
| Ints Klavins | cabin 1024 | in bed | woke up from dangerous noise caused by metal scratching over vessel's bottom | |||||
| Leja Kozareva | in alleyway near toilets deck 5 | |||||||
| Vasili Krjutjkov | cabin 6230 or 6320 together with son-in-law/nephew |
woke up from vessel shaking violently and slight heel, then another shock, shaking and heeling |
||||||
| Name | Location at heel | Pre-casualty observations | Noise scenario times/observations | Heel | Observations during way up | Subsequent observations | ||
| time/0° | righting up ? | occurrence | ||||||
| Eckard Klug truck driver | cabin 4214 | 23.45 hrs. to bed heard metallic knocking noises | no | powerful metallic blow, got up, when he was outside the cabin the vessel heeled | when on deck 7 30° heel - there were already 3 persons, 1 crew in white shirt | |||
| Lars-Olof Lamke | cabin 6223 | 00.00 hrs. to bed | 01.00 hrs. woke up, slight heel, soon thereafter heavy heel | cabin door blocked, 45° when at deck 7 | washed over when vessel was on the side, wrist watch damaged at 01.31 hrs. | |||
| Tambet Herbert Lausma - truck driver | cabin 1023 | woke up from some bang and vessel heeled | water on car deck level | |||||
| Magnus Lindström | cabin 4429 | early to bed, difficult to sleep due to movements | heard rolling noise from below (car deck), ca. 01.00 hrs. he heard tooth brush fall out of glass and other things falling | ca. 01.00 hrs. | heavy metal bang followed by the heeling | |||
| Yngve Lien | deck pas-senger in cinema in aft part of deck 4 | heard a noise and the vessel heeled | 30° when on deck 7, later stabilised itself | |||||
| Kalvet Maiko | deck passengers | behind their car there was max. space for 3 more cars | woke up when vessel .......... water splashed up against window | |||||
| Andrus Maidre | cabin 1022 | metallic scraping noises crashing ........ | noise of heavy falling and heeling | saw through open car deck door a lot of water on car deck | some water in centre casing on car deck |


Across: 5.  (3) 8. Material psychic and client? (10) 9. Part of strange lore (4) 10. President and house finally provided leadership, put back together by US tailor? (8) 11. The ICC turned crazy (6) 12. I'm content with arrangement, and ultimately welcome what the taxman leaves me (4 6) 13,20. Reverend mentioned policeman's skin art to boss (3 3) 15. City's bad coaching not new (7) 17. Longest cricket match, eclipsing the lot (7) 20. see 13 21. Essence of creed lost as culture's art adapted for 3 (10) 25,27. 28 engineer, known for 21 19 system found in bookshelf (A-Z lurk handy!) (6 4) 26. Straighten out initially ugly nest, tidying corner (8) 27. see 25 28. Store wares all around what was long the world's 17 3 in 15 7 (5 5) 29. People say they do it to their eyes, along with crossing of tease (3) Down: 1. Come back with cricket trophy after regular cruelty (6) 2. Professional who is strangely chattier about start of construction (9) 3. Perhaps house half of bums, and most of idle drunk and gin-wrecked? (8) 4. Yes, D.C. messed with book endings and highly popular feature of 28 (7) 5. see 6 6,5dn. Hamburg care about 28 2 (5 6) 7. State of sickness is not only in sufferers' heads (8) 14. Divide love among family of Irish 2 (9) 16.  (8) 18. Most sharp angles selected to unsettle openers before long cricket match (8) 19. Developed Ural, but with hollow elements (7) 22. Attack hurt injured Saint (6) 23. Sat back comfortably and laughed out loud (6) 24. Flat ground beyond big peak (5)


--- title: calcTraces sidebar: function_reference_sidebar permalink: grain2d.calcTraces.html folder: function_reference toc: false ---
traces of subsets of grains
| grains | grain2d |
| cId | cluster Id |
| traces | vector3d, size max(clusterId(:,1)) x max(clusterId(:,2)) .... |
| rel | relyability index, same size as traces |
| cSize | cluster size, , same size as traces |
| minClusterSize | minimum grainSize required for trace computation (default: 100) |
| shape | characteristic shape based algorithm |
| calliper | use shortest calliper instead of eigenvectors |
| hist | circular histogram based algorithm |


Welcome to the Example Webservice.
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<boost/static_views/chunk.hpp>¶
Synopsis:
namespace boost {
namespace static_views {
// Exposition only
template <class V>
requires (View<remove_cvref<V>>)
constexpr auto make_chunk_view(V&&, typename V::index_type)
noexcept(whenever possible);
// Exposition only
template <class V, class Int, Int N>
requires (View<remove_cvref<V>>)
constexpr auto make_chunk_view(V&&, std::integral_constant<Int, N>)
noexcept(whenever possible);
// Exposition only
template <class Int, Int N>
constexpr auto make_chunk_view(std::integral_constant<Int, N>) noexcept;
// Exposition only
template <class Int>
requires (Integral<Int>)
constexpr auto make_chunk_view(Int) noexcept;
constexpr auto chunk = [] (auto&&... args) {
return make_chunk_view(std::forward<decltype(args)>(args)...);
};
} // namespace static_views
} // namespace boost
-
template<class
V
>
constexpr automake_chunk_view
(V &&xs, typename V::index_type n)¶ Note
This function is not real and is provided here for exposition pusposes only.
Creates a view of
xs
where each element is a chunk ofn
elements.Parameters: - xs –
The view to adapt. It must model the View concept.
- If
xs
is an lvalue reference, then the returned view only stores a pointer toxs
. - If
xs
is an rvalue reference, then the ownership ofxs
is transformed to the returned view usingxs
’ move constructor.
- If
- n –
The number of elements in each chunk.
Warning
xs.size()
must be divisible byn
!
Returns: Chunk view of
xs
.- xs –
-
template<class
V
, classInt
, IntN
>
constexpr automake_chunk_view
(V &&xs, std::integral_constan<Int, N> n)¶ Note
This function is not real and is provided here for exposition pusposes only.
Creates a view of
xs
where each element is a chunk ofn
elements. It is very similar to the above function except that number of elements in a chunk is now a compile-time rather than a run-time constant.
-
template<class
Int
>
constexpr automake_chunk_view
(Int n)¶ Note
This function is not real and is provided here for exposition pusposes only.
This is a curried version. Its main purpose is to be used in pipes.
Parameters: n – The number of elements in each chunk. Returns: The function . The lambda here is shown for exposition only; the actual implementation is more efficient.
-
constexpr auto
chunk
= [] (auto&&... args) { return make_chunk_view(std::forward<decltype(args)>(args)...); };¶ A wrapper function with the following signatures:
where
ℕ
is eitherView₁::index_type
or astd::integral_constant
.Example usage:
// Copyright Tom Westerhout 2018. // Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. // (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at // http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) #include <iostream> #include <boost/static_views/pipe.hpp> // for | syntax #include <boost/static_views/raw_view.hpp> // to get boost::static_views::raw_view #include <boost/static_views/chunk.hpp> // to get boost::static_views::chunk namespace sv = boost::static_views; int main() { // First of all, we need some view of the data static constexpr int data[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}; static constexpr auto raw = sv::raw_view(data); // Splits raw into chunks of 3 elements constexpr auto v1 = sv::chunk(raw, 3); // The docs promised to return a View using v1_type = std::remove_const_t<decltype(v1)>; static_assert(sv::View<v1_type>, "Since when is a chunk view not a View?"); // Each element of the chunk view is itself a view, so we can iterate over // it. for (auto x : v1[1]) std::cout << x << '\n'; // If a compile-time constant is passed instead constexpr auto v2 = sv::chunk(raw, std::integral_constant<int, 3>{}); // Then elements will have static extent static_assert(v2.unsafe_at(0).extent() == 3, "The size of v2[0] _is_ known at compile-time!"); }
| [1] | I.e. given a view (View₁ ) and a count (ℕ ), returns a new view
(View₂ ). |
| [2] | I.e. given a count (ℕ ) returns a function mapping one view to
another (View₁ -> View₂ ). |


The direction of the form field is initially set to 'auto'. Click on the button to see whether dirname assigns the computed direction of the form field to the 'comment-direction' parameter (which is sent to the server). You can also try changing the direction manually.
<form action="dirname_test.html" method="get">
Comment: <input type="text" dir="" name="comment" dirname="comment-direction" required value="مرحبا !" >

<button name="mode" type="submit" value="add">Post Comment</button>
 </form>


Greetings to all you plant lovers! Keep track of all of your beloved plants with our easy to use app. Please fill out the form to the left to add your plants. Depending on what type of plant you choose, we will suggest the next date you should water it. To find more plants you would like to grow, please visit the research page.


“The true house fly is very abundant in localities where little or no horse manure is found, and in such cases it breeds in other manure, such as chicken manure in backyard poultry lots, or in slops or fermenting vegetable material, such as spent hops, moist bran, ensilage, or rotting potatoes.” — L O Howard & F C Bishopp, The House Fly And How To Suppress It


COVID-19 Tracker
Tabular view
Total Confirmed Cases
Active cases
799,419
Recovered cases
225,422
Fatal cases
58,243


Chapter 3 Programs:
- rotatingSquare1: Rotating square with no interaction
- rotatingSquare2: Rotating Square with speed and direction of rotation controlled with buttons and menus
- rotatingSquare3: Same as rotatingSquare2 with slider
- square: demos position input by drawing a small colored square at each point on the display where the mouse is clicked
- squarem: uses the mousedown event to allow continuous drawing of squares
- triangle: Each mouse click adds another point to a triangle strip at the location of the mouse. Shows color interpolation across each triangle
- cad1: Rectangle drawing. Each pair of mouse clicks adds a new rectangle
- cad2: Polygon drawing. Each mouse click adds a vertex. End a polygon with button click


December 30 2018
Desktop updates:
Notebook:
windows fucked up my external drive
- used my external drive on a friends PC under windows
- after that I couldn’t even mount the drive and got the following error:
- the error is kinda helpful but not really
- what I did(and worked for me):
- boot into windows and check the drive letter
- open cmd as admin
chkdsk /F d:
(d is the drive letter)- this command checks and repairs the NTFS filesystem
mobile:
fing ssh


Necessary Vim Commands
I was introduced to Vim in 2012.
At that time I was working on some Linux Kernel Module develpment and vim was becomming necessary for some text editing purpose.
Initially it felt like pretty wierd back then.
But later it became definition of a unique user experience that I can’t get rid of.
I even discovered that I try to find this experience pretty much everywhere - from file browser to internet browser.
This is not only me, I know many more persons who experience the same as I have.
Here are some useful plugins and commands of Vim that I found useful in my case.
Purpose of this post is not for being an exhaustive reference point.
This is just for my future reference only.
Useful Command List
This is the list of Vim commands which became useful to me.
Table of Contents
Tabs
:gt
- Switch to next tab:gT
- Switch to previous tab:{count}gt
- Go to tab page {count}. The first tab page has number one. As example,5gt
goes to fifth tab.:{count}gT
- Go {count} tab pages back. Wraps around from the first one to the last one. As example5gT
goes five tabs back from current tab.
Line Movement
To move just a single line -
- :m 71
- Move current line after line 71
- :m 0
- Move current line before first line
- :m $
- Move current line after last line
To move a block of lines -
- :7,11m 71
- Move line 7,8,9,10 and 11 after line 71
- :7,11m 0
- Move line 7,8,9,10 and 11 before first line
- :7,11m $
- Move line 7,8,9,10 and 11 after last line
Search
/text
- Searches the given text in the whole documentn
- Next occurance of current search resultN
- Previous occurance of current search result*
- Searches further occurance of the token on which cursor is placed currently:set hlsearch
- Highlights all the texts found in search result:nohlsearch
- Removes search highlights


Export Regime
While exporting, the exporters of the goods or their Agents must declare them in detail. Refer to Exportation part in chapter II of GCC Customs Law for more details. In the case of exporting any restricted goods, the exporter must obtain required approval from the competent authority and submit to Customs.
Re-export to ROW (after import for re- export):
The foreign goods previously imported on declaration type of Import for Re-export can be re-exported to ROW other than GCC states by clearing this declaration. Customs inspection and exit certification shall be required to claim the refund of security deposit or guarantee paid against the Import for Re-Export Declaration. The guarantee or deposit can be claimed back only if the imported goods have been exported within six months from the date of Import for Re-Export Declaration.
Required Documents
- Export Invoice
- Packing List
Re-export to FZ (after import for re-export):
The foreign goods previously imported on declaration type of Import for Re-export can be re-exported to FZ by clearing this Declaration. Customs inspection and exit certification shall be required to claim the refund of security deposit or guarantee paid against the Import for Re-Export Declaration. The guarantee or deposit can be claimed back only if the imported goods have been re-exported within six months from the date of Import for Re-Export Declaration.
Required Documents
- Export Invoice
- Packing List
Import Regime
Declaration is processed in the event of goods being imported to the local market from other countries against the payment of Customs duty or duty exempted whichever is applicable.
Import for re-export to Local from ROW:
Goods can be imported with the intention of re-exporting them as a whole or partially to another country. A Deposit or Guarantee equivalent to the applicable tariff amount on the goods shall be secured in lieu of Customs Duty. For this procedure, the Declaration Type “Import for Re Export to Local from ROW” needs to be cleared. Currently this declaration is limited to those with a value higher than AED 20000 except in case of vehicles. Refer the Customs Policy nos. 34 and 37 issued in 2010 for rules and regulation of above procedure.
Required Documents
- Master Airway Bill/House Airway Bill for Air Channel
- Master Bill Of Lading/House Bill Of Lading for Sea Channel
- Commercial Invoice
- Certificate of Origin
- Packing List
- Delivery Order
Import for re-export to Local from FZ:
Importers in U.A.E and GCC can import goods from FZ to Local for the purpose of Re-Exporting them to Rest of the World (ROW) other than GCC States. The customs duties levied on goods being imported under such procedure shall be secured by Standing Bank Guarantee or deposit. The Declaration type for such transactions is “Import for Re-Export from the FZ”. Declaration must be submitted by a registered local Importer or an authorized Customs Broker. Refer the Customs Policy nos. 34 and 37 issued in 2010 for rules and regulation of above procedure
Required Documents
- Delivery Advice
- Invoice
- Packing List
- Permit for Restricted Goods (If any) from competent authority.
Import for re-export to Local from CW:
The goods admitted into a Customs Warehouse may be imported to Local for the purpose of Re-Exporting them to Rest of the World (ROW) other than GCC States. The customs Duties levied on goods being imported under such procedure shall be secured by Standing Bank Guarantee or Deposit. The Declaration type for such transaction is “Import for Re-Export to Local from CW”. Declaration can be submitted by the Customs Warehouse Licensee or a registered local Importer being the owner of the goods. . Refer the Customs Policy nos. 34 and 37of 2010 for rules and regulation of above procedure.
Required Documents:
- Invoice
- Packing List


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Neven Mrgan in response to and in support of Marco Arment:
I don’t know what Twitter should focus on instead, and it doesn’t look like they do, either.
How about they focus on posting your own tweets and reading tweets written by those you’re explicitly interested in. Too obvious?


One of the great things that ASP.Net vNext is bringing is the ability to use it cross platform with Microsoft actively testing their libraries against Mono. Along with this MS are developing a web server that is cross platform and goes by the name of Kestrel. One thing they aren't doing, yet, is making Visual Studio cross platform so we need something to write our code in. There a few editors out there but one of the most common is Sublime Text. This gives you syntax highlighting and build systems that can all be configured so if you are not aware of it check it out. Obviously before we can start writing code on OSX with our editor we need Mono installed.
UPDATE - As of August 13th 2014 there is a Mono 3.6 release which means you no longer need to compile Mono but you will need to install Homebrew for ASP.Net vNext. Skip to nnext section
At the time of writing the official binary for Mono is 3.4.0 and this does not include some features needed for ASP.Net vNext to run so we are going to have to manually compile Mono ourselves. Now I know this sounds scary but its not as bad as it seems and I've gone through the pain of setting it up so hopefully this blog post should make it easier for you
There is a guide on Mono's website on how to compile but I found some issues with it. I'm running on OSX Mavericks so I'm not sure if that resulted in issues but here's my guide to get it compiling.
By now we know of Microsoft's plans for the next version of ASP.Net and they've turned it on its head and from the looks of it, its goooooood!
Here is a blog post from Scott Hanselman introducing ASP.Net vNext. There are introductory and deep dive videos available for your perusal which are also well worth a watch.
The TL;DR is ASP.Net vNext will take heavy influence from Node.js by using Owin to wire up all the app dependencies and middleware. It will also remove *.csproj files and use a project.json file similar to Node's package.json and use NuGet to reference the application's dependencies. It also takes inspiration from Node and Nancy's approach requiring you to opt-in to dependencies rather that traditionally having everything but the kitchen sink. It also takes influence from Nancy via built in dependency injection and Mono support. Microsoft announced they will run all their vNext tests against Mono builds ensuring all their code is compatible for cross platform deployments.
Here's a tweet direct from the horses mouth albeit with a typo .
At work we use Git and I use Console2 to control my terminal envrionments eg/Git Bash, Powershell, Dos and when using Git I can type part type a git command press tab and it will auto complete the command or offer suggestions to commands. By default on OSX this behaviour is not present and it frustrated me enough to go and find out how to enable that behaviour.
Fire up your terminal and type in this command:
curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/git/git/master/contrib/completion/git-completion.bash -o ~/.git-completion.bash
This will download a git completion file into your home folder to a hidden file called git-completion.bash.
If the file ~/.bash_profile does not already exist create it with the following command.
touch ~/.bash_profile
Now open it and paste this in:
if [ -f ~/.git-completion.bash ]; then . ~/.git-completion.bash; fi
Now if you type a git command and press tab, BOOM!, you have auto complete for Git!
If you're writing an API, current thinking is to provide a token in the Authorization
header for your app to validate when the request comes in. I have used the Nancy.Authentication.Stateless package in the past for my APIs and even have a demo of it here if you're interested (there are more Nancy demos at http://samples.nancyfx.org). This is a great package and does a great job but what if one day you want to use SignalR v2 that uses OWIN and you want to validate not just requests to your Nancy app but also the SignalR requests? You're going to need to validate requests as they come in before they get to SignalR or Nancy.
For those of you who are not quite up to date or unsure what OWIN is let me try and give you the tl:dr, no doubt others may say its something slightly different. Imagine you are asked to create a ASP.Net MVC 3 app (ignore the fact that that person needs a slap) so you fire up Visual Studio and create the app. So what has it done? Its created an app that runs on IIS and all requests come straight into your app.
I've played with node in the past but as of the new year I decided to try and make a more concerted effort to get stuck into node properly. I decided to go back to the beginning to try and get a better appreciation for the language so read "JavaScript: The Good Parts by Douglas Crockford". I found that exercise fulfilling and resulted in a few light bulb moments that made some dots join up so I'd recommend reading it if you haven't already.
As I stated earlier I have already played with node in the past using Express and have read quite a bit on node and read many examples but I wanted to write a non-web app as I felt this would give me a better opportunity to get to grips with the language and Node. Using Express allows you to get up and running very quickly without to much head scratching so I felt a standalone script would give me more exposure to things.


|
Contiki 2.5
|
The structure holding the TCP/IP statistics that are gathered if UIP_STATISTICS is set to 1. More...
#include </cygdrive/e/share/contiki/core/net/uip.h>
Data Fields | |
| struct { | |
| uip_stats_t recv | |
| Number of received packets at the IP layer. | |
| uip_stats_t sent | |
| Number of sent packets at the IP layer. | |
| uip_stats_t forwarded | |
| Number of forwarded packets at the IP layer. | |
| uip_stats_t drop | |
| Number of dropped packets at the IP layer. | |
| uip_stats_t vhlerr | |
| Number of packets dropped due to wrong IP version or header length. | |
| uip_stats_t hblenerr | |
| Number of packets dropped due to wrong IP length, high byte. | |
| uip_stats_t lblenerr | |
| Number of packets dropped due to wrong IP length, low byte. | |
| uip_stats_t fragerr | |
| Number of packets dropped since they were IP fragments. | |
| uip_stats_t chkerr | |
| Number of packets dropped due to IP checksum errors. | |
| uip_stats_t protoerr | |
| Number of packets dropped since they were neither ICMP, UDP nor TCP. | |
| } | ip |
| IP statistics. | |
| struct { | |
| uip_stats_t recv | |
| Number of received ICMP packets. | |
| uip_stats_t sent | |
| Number of sent ICMP packets. | |
| uip_stats_t drop | |
| Number of dropped ICMP packets. | |
| uip_stats_t typeerr | |
| Number of ICMP packets with a wrong type. | |
| uip_stats_t chkerr | |
| Number of ICMP packets with a bad checksum. | |
| } | icmp |
| ICMP statistics. | |
| struct { | |
| uip_stats_t drop | |
| Number of dropped UDP segments. | |
| uip_stats_t recv | |
| Number of recived UDP segments. | |
| uip_stats_t sent | |
| Number of sent UDP segments. | |
| uip_stats_t chkerr | |
| Number of UDP segments with a bad checksum. | |
| } | udp |
| UDP statistics. |
The structure holding the TCP/IP statistics that are gathered if UIP_STATISTICS is set to 1.
| struct { ... } uip_stats::icmp |
ICMP statistics.
| struct { ... } uip_stats::ip |
IP statistics.
| struct { ... } uip_stats::udp |
UDP statistics.


VBSPA is JavaScript Framework that offers simple and easy way to create amazing fast and slick Single-Page Web Applications.
SPA Web Applications don't require and don't do any reloads on view request. As result they are extremly fast and slick and user session is preserved.
That means that SPA applications can offer full, native, desktop-like user experience - without annoying reloads and without loosing user session or work.
This Framework was built from ground-up for simplicity and speed - with having primarly on mind building web-based tools and other web apps that would like to have desktop-like experince.
However, that doesn't mean that SPA applications in general, and this Framework in particular - arn't suitable for large and complex web sitesthat need to server thousands of pages. Views or even other bundles - can be loaded dynamically - lazy loading - and only when they are needed.
Framework supports cross-domain views, so it can be also used for microservice-based composite web UI's - that can be scaled to the moon and back.
Runtime code, when minified is around stable 8.4KB.
Entire Framework can be simply minified and bundled - build tools are provided together with the rest of the application.
Demo app in this repository have 30 views with various feature demos and minified and bundled with Framework is less then 60KB.
New syntax or special markup is virtually none-existing.
That means shallow learning curve and you can start quickly. For example, if you already know JavaScript ES6 template strings syntax then you already know template syntax for this framework. If want to bind data model to HTML, also, no new markup or new syntax is required.
Framework relays heavily and takes advantage of new JavaScript ECMA6 (JS ES6) features and it cannot be transpiled to ECMA5.
Good. It doesn't have to. Here is curent compatibility table for ES6. This means that this framework doesn't support Internet Explorer. It works perfecly fast and slick on latest Chrome, Firefox, Edge and Safari. Internet Explorer users will have to use different browser. Feature detection script is provided.
If your application have any, any value whatsoever - users would go extra three clicks and 20 seconds of their time to install better browser!
nomoretranspiling
async
and await
npm install http-server -g
$ git clone https://github.com/vbilopav/vb-spa
$ npm install
src
dir, or using http-server:$ cd src/
$ http-server -o
$ cd src/_build-system/
$ node build.js --target=mybuild
...
build.js >
build.js > finished!
$ cd build/mybuild/
$ http-server -o
This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the LICENSE.md file for details.


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Articles
About
Matheus Francisco
Writting about my ideas.
Archive
Hello There!. My first post
- 2022-01-13


Download the latest JavaScriptMVC.
Unzip the folder on your file system or web server.
If you are using this on a webserver,
unzip in a public folder where the server hosts static content.
TIP: Unzip these files as
high in your apps folder structure as possible (i.e. don't
put them under a javascriptmvc folder in your public directory).
You want to fork each project and add it as a submodule to your project
in a public folder (where your server keeps static content).
If these words mean nothing to you, or you'd like more
explanation, you might want to read
Developing With Git.
Requirements
JavaScriptMVC requires Java JRE 1.6 or greater for:
But your backend server can be written in any language.
Download the latest Java JRE here.
Getting JavaScriptMVC
There are 2 ways to get JavaScriptMVC:
Downloading
Download the latest JavaScriptMVC. Unzip the folder on your file system or web server.
If you are using this on a webserver, unzip in a public folder where the server hosts static content.
Installing JavaScriptMVC with Git.
JavaScriptMVC is comprised of 7 sub projects:
You want to fork each project and add it as a submodule to your project in a public folder (where your server keeps static content). If these words mean nothing to you, or you'd like more explanation, you might want to read Developing With Git.
Forking the repos looks like:
Notice that CanJS is in can folder and jQuery++ is in the jquerypp folder.
After installing the repository, run:
Verifing the install
In your public (or static) folder, you should have something that looks like:
Open a command line to that folder and run:
This starts the Rhino JS engine. Type
quit()
to exit.


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- identifier - Variable in class net.co.java.item.ItemPrototype
-
- inCircle(int) - Method in class net.co.java.skill.TargetBuilder
-
Used for inView skills and skills like Rage / Fire ring
- IncomingPacket - Class in net.co.java.packets
-
A wrapper providing methods to read unsigned values from the
byte array from the Sockets' InputStream
.
- IncomingPacket(byte[]) - Constructor for class net.co.java.packets.IncomingPacket
-
Construct a new IncommingPacket
based on a byte-array
- increaseExperience(int) - Method in class net.co.java.skill.SkillProficiency
-
Increase the Experience with a given amount
- increaseExperience(int) - Method in class net.co.java.skill.WeaponProficiency
-
Increase the Experience with a given amount
- incrementOffset(int) - Method in class net.co.java.packets.PacketWriter
-
Increment the offset for this PacketWriter
- inDirection(int) - Method in class net.co.java.entity.Location
-
- inLinePart(int, int) - Method in class net.co.java.skill.TargetBuilder
-
Filter the entities.
- InsertItems - Class in net.co.java.tools
-
Reads all the items from the ini file, and inserts them into the postgresql database.
- InsertItems() - Constructor for class net.co.java.tools.InsertItems
-
- InteractPacket - Class in net.co.java.packets
-
The Interact packet is most commonly used for direct melee/archer attacks,
but also used for certain player to player actions, such as marriage.
- InteractPacket(IncomingPacket) - Constructor for class net.co.java.packets.InteractPacket
-
Construct a new InteractPacket
based on a IncomingPacket
- InteractPacket.Mode - Enum in net.co.java.packets
-
An enumeration of Interaction modes
- Inventory - Class in net.co.java.entity
-
- Inventory() - Constructor for class net.co.java.entity.Inventory
-
- inventory - Variable in class net.co.java.entity.Player
-
- INVENTORY - Static variable in class net.co.java.entity.Player.Inventory
-
- inView(Spawnable) - Method in class net.co.java.entity.Entity
-
- inView(Location) - Method in class net.co.java.entity.Location
-
- inView(Spawnable) - Method in class net.co.java.entity.NPC
-
- inView(Spawnable) - Method in interface net.co.java.entity.Spawnable
-
- isAuthorised(String, String, String) - Method in class net.co.java.model.Mock
-
- isAuthorised(String, String, String) - Method in interface net.co.java.model.Model
-
Check if the account credentials are correct
- isAuthorised(String, String, String) - Method in class net.co.java.model.PostgreSQL
-
- isDead() - Method in class net.co.java.entity.Entity
-
- isEmpty() - Method in class net.co.java.entity.Player.Inventory
-
- isEquipment(long) - Static method in class net.co.java.item.ItemPrototype
-
- isFull() - Method in class net.co.java.entity.Player.Inventory
-
- ItemColor - Enum in net.co.java.item
-
Enum for Item color
You can fetch the corresponding value by ItemColor.Black.value
- ItemEffect - Enum in net.co.java.item
-
Enum for ItemEffects
You can fetch the corresponding value by ItemEffect.None.value
- ItemInstance - Class in net.co.java.item
-
Create a unique item instance
- ItemInstance(Long, ItemPrototype) - Constructor for class net.co.java.item.ItemInstance
-
Constructor for a unique item instance
- ItemInstance.EquipmentInstance - Class in net.co.java.item
-
A unique equipment instance
- ItemInstance.EquipmentInstance(Long, ItemPrototype.EquipmentPrototype) - Constructor for class net.co.java.item.ItemInstance.EquipmentInstance
-
Create a new EquipmentInstance
- ItemInstance.EquipmentInstance.Socket - Enum in net.co.java.item
-
- ItemInstance.ItemInformationPacket - Class in net.co.java.item
-
- ItemInstance.ItemInformationPacket(ItemInstance.Mode, int) - Constructor for class net.co.java.item.ItemInstance.ItemInformationPacket
-
- ItemInstance.Mode - Enum in net.co.java.item
-
- itemPrototype - Variable in class net.co.java.item.ItemInstance
-
- ItemPrototype - Class in net.co.java.item
-
Item prototype is used for the static attribute
of unique item instances
- ItemPrototype(Long, String, int, int, int) - Constructor for class net.co.java.item.ItemPrototype
-
- ItemPrototype.EquipmentPrototype - Class in net.co.java.item
-
Equipment prototype is used for the static attributes
of unique equipment instances
- ItemPrototype.EquipmentPrototype(Long, String, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int, int) - Constructor for class net.co.java.item.ItemPrototype.EquipmentPrototype
-
- ItemQuality - Enum in net.co.java.item
-
Enum for Item quality
You can fetch the corresponding value by ItemQuality.Fixed.value
- ItemUsage - Class in net.co.java.packets
-
Item usage packet
- ItemUsage(long, long, ItemUsage.Mode) - Constructor for class net.co.java.packets.ItemUsage
-
- ItemUsage(long, long, ItemUsage.Mode, long) - Constructor for class net.co.java.packets.ItemUsage
-
Create a new ItemUsage packet based on parameters
- ItemUsage(IncomingPacket) - Constructor for class net.co.java.packets.ItemUsage
-
Create a new ItemUsage packet based on an Incomming packet
- ItemUsage.Mode - Enum in net.co.java.packets
-
Enumeration of Item usage modes
- iterator() - Method in class net.co.java.skill.TargetBuilder
-


In order to capture the different responses of the gST, the global-mean precipitation and the OLR, we introduce a simple analytic model which can qualitatively explain our results, at least in the same reference climate. We then use the model as a basis to discuss more complex aspects of the climate response to periodic forcings. Similar types of models have been used to describe thermally heated slab-oceans 28293031. The model equations are introduced and solved in the methods section. In the following we use the solutions for the amplitude and the lag to discuss some of our results. According to our analytical model the amplitude associated with the mode k of a forced quantity Lk such as gST or global-mean precipitation is
where Fk is the amplitude and ωk the frequency of the component of the forcing with mode k, and N denotes the set of natural numbers. α is a linear feedback parameter and β is a parameter that describes the efficacy of the forcing in influencing the forced quantity. Note that in our model α and β do not depend on the mode. Thus Lk has the following properties:
where Pk is the period of the mode k:
The lag of the solution for positive values of β is
and has the following properties:
How can we understand the influence of ωk and α on the amplitude and lag of the solution? The parameter α describes how strongly the system restores to a steady state from a forcing. If α is very large, a small change in the forced quantity suffices to restore the imbalance caused by a forcing ( equation (2)) and the response will not lag the forcing substantially, because the system quickly readjusts. If α on the other hand is zero, the system does not restore to a steady state by itself, but only maintains a steady state, because the forcing is zero on average over one period in a steady state. In this case the amplitude only depends on the time it takes for the system to change sign and on the forcing amplitude. Since the time elapsed between the forcing reaching the maximum and the forcing changing sign is exactly a quarter forcing period, the lag in this case will also be a quarter period. The amplitude of the forced quantity decreases with ωk and hence increases with the forcing period, because the system has more time to readjust to the forcing through feedback mechanisms. The lag of the forced quantity decreases with ωk, because an oscillation of longer period takes more time to complete one period.
In our particular case, the two considered modes are OB and OP. For our planet in the Kepler-35 system, the forcing Fk is, for instance, the change in global-mean TSI. For our planet with a semimajor axis of 1.165 a.u., the forcing from OB has a larger amplitude but shorter period than OP. Since the amplitude of the response increases both with amplitude and period of the forcing ( equation (2)), the amplitude of the response can be larger for either of the two modes, depending on the two parameters α and β ( Fig. 6a,b). If α is large compared to the frequencies in the considered range of frequencies, Lk depends only weakly on the frequency ( equation (1), Fig. 6a,b). If in contrast α is small compared to frequencies in the considered range, then Lk depends strongly on the frequency. If the gST is taken as Lk, our results suggest α (=2.61 × 10 −2 day −1) to be on the order of magnitude of the frequency corresponding to OP ( Fig. 6a). Since the frequency corresponding to OB is 16 times as large as that corresponding to OB, α is small in our case. Therefore, the dependence of the gST on the frequency is strong. This explains why the amplitude of gST is larger for OP. If we identify Lk with the global-mean precipitations then α (=2.31 × 10 −1 day −1) is of the order magnitude of the frequency corresponding to OB ( Fig. 6b) and α is large in our range of frequencies. In this case the dependence of Lk on frequency is weaker than for the gST and even though β is smaller than in the case of the gST, the amplitude of the global-mean precipitation is larger for the shorter period associated to OB.
In order to illustrate how changes in magnitude and period of the forcing influence the response of the aforementioned quantities, we performed an additional simulation in which the semimajor axis of the binary orbit is increased from 0.176 to 0.250 a.u. As a consequence, both the period and the amplitude of the forcing from OB increase. Since the planet then would have a higher mean TSI, we moved the planet to a semimajor axis of 1.175 a.u., such that the mean TSI is approximately 1.0 S0 ( Table 1). The increase of the semimajor axis of the binary leads to an increased oscillation of the eccentricity of the planetary orbit with a period of around 100 (Earth-) years ( Fig. 7). This causes substantial changes in the forcing coming from OP, with an amplitude of around 4 W m −2 in the 10,800-day average when the eccentricity is small (approximately 0.01), to around 15 W m −2 when the eccentricity is large (approximately 0.023) ( Fig. 5). When the eccentricity is small, the amplitude of gST, precipitation and OLR from OP is similar or smaller than in the simulations with a semimajor axis of the binary of 0.176 a.u. In particular, OB increases relative to OP. When the eccentricity is large, the amplitude of gST, precipitation and OLR from OP are all considerably larger ( Fig. 5). In the temporal average over a 100-year period (not shown), the amplitude of gST from OP is still larger than that from OB, but the difference is considerably smaller than for a semimajor axis of the binary of 0.176 a.u. Hence, the influence of OB on the climate relative to OP is increasing with increasing semimajor axis of the binary. Since both the period and the amplitude of TSI from OB increase, this is in agreement with equation (2).
The feedback-model works well to explain how the amplitude of different forced quantities behave, but the model becomes inaccurate when quantitative predictions are required for various reasons. The linear feedback parameter α, for instance, can depend on time. This is indeed the case in our simulations as is easily illustrated when calculating the lag of the solution for the gST using equation (4). By applying our 3D-model results for each OB and OP separately to equation (1), we can solve the resulting system of two equations for α. The Feedback-model overestimates the lag for OB and underestimates the lag for OP ( Fig. 6c) for our habitable planet, when gST is the forced quantity. This suggests that α and thus the response of the gST depends on the time scale and hence on the period of the forcing and that α is decreasing with the period in our particular case. Several studies of present-day and future climate change suggest indeed that the feedback parameter is time dependent in transient simulations 323334. Our α with respect to gST is comparable to the climate feedback parameter divided by the specific heat-capacity and by one minus the Bond albedo in climate change experiments, and thus corresponds to the adjustment time-scale of the climate. The feedback parameter is commonly evaluated in climate change experiments by making a linear regression to the top-of-the-atmosphere radiative imbalance as a function of the change in surface temperature, once the model has run into the new steady state. The linear regression can, however, be performed over shorter time periods and that may yield temporally variable feedback parameters. In the first months after a forcing is applied, the feedback parameter and thus α are known to change due to fast adjustments 35. In fact, the feedback parameter decreases in most climate models that took part in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (ref. 36). Therefore, OB with only 22 days is likely too short to justify the assumption that α is constant. With roughly 360 days, OP is more likely to be in a regime in which α changes little. Note that calculating the precipitation lag from the simple model presented in equation (4) seems to provide even less reliable results for OP ( Fig. 6d) than the gST lag, since the phase shift exceeds a quarter of the corresponding period. This indicates that either β is negative or that the precipitation does not directly depend on TSI.
The variations in gST are substantially larger over ice covered surfaces. Ice has only around half the specific heat capacity of liquid water, and since both α and β are inversely proportional to the heat capacity, the amplitude according to our analytical model increases with decreasing heat capacity. This difference in thermal inertia between ice-covered and water-covered surfaces also explains why the contribution from low-latitudes to the amplitude of gST is much larger for OP than for OB: OB is simply too short to cause a change in the surface-temperature of water. The slower response of the open water areas due to the larger thermal inertia of liquid water compared to ice is even further amplified by the larger amount of water vapour in the atmosphere in warmer climates. The atmospheric water vapour increases the thermal inertia of the atmosphere through storage of latent-heat in the atmosphere and by reducing the clear-sky cooling to space through its greenhouse effect. Furthermore, areas of open water are more efficient at mitigating radiative imbalances at the surface through changes in the latent-heat flux. At longer time-scales, the smaller Planck- and lapse-rate-feedbacks at lower surface temperature may also contribute to larger amplitudes in gST over ice-covered areas, as has been found in present-day Earth climate-change simulations 37.
The climate of a planet in the Kepler-35 system tends to be cooler than the one in our own solar system in cold states. This could be due to the difference in albedo caused by the different spectra of the solar irradiation in the two systems. To test this hypothesis, we perform two more simulations of the planet in the Kepler-35 system with a semimajor axis of 1.165 a.u. and with a semimajor axis of 1.195 a.u. of the planetary orbit, but replace the spectral distribution of the two stars by that of our sun. This means that the planet experiences the variations in TSI due to OB and OP, but the solar spectra correspond to that of our own sun. We find no substantial change in gST ( Table 1) in the simulation with 1.165 a.u. and a slight warming in the simulation with 1.195 a.u. However, the gST for the circumbinary planet with 1.195 a.u. is still lower than for an Earth-like planet with comparable but slightly lower TSI in our solar system. Therefore, the cooler climate in the Kepler-35 system must be at least partly due to different processes. We hypothesize here that one of the causes for the cooling is the fact that the black-body emission increases faster than linearly. If we assume two planets with the same average temperature (and no atmosphere to start with), but only one experiencing oscillations in gST, the planet with the oscillation in gST will emit more thermal radiation than the one without oscillations and, therefore, cool. If our hypothesis is true, this could more strongly affect cold states, because the temperature variations are large and because the direct contribution of the surface to the OLR is large. This is indeed seen in our simulations. In warm states on the other hand the oscillations in surface temperature should have a much smaller influence on the OLR, because of the larger opacity of the denser atmosphere, which also appears to be consistent with our results. However, in the warmer climates, feedback mechanisms are more complex and a deeper study of these mechanisms is necessary.
Periodic variations in TSI can have a variety of causes that do not necessarily require multiple stars. The most studied case is the effect of the 11-year solar cycle on present-day Earth. Owing to the relatively small magnitude of the solar cycle amplitude (around 0.6 W m −2), modelling studies suggest that the effects are relatively small, but still clearly visible even at the surface owing to the relatively long period 3839. As in our case, surface-responses tend to be lagged owing to the thermal inertia of the oceans. Another common case in which planets receive periodically changing amounts of sunlight is non-zero orbital eccentricity in single-star systems. Increased eccentricity was shown to tend to warm Earth-like planets with present-day Earth rotation as both an effect of increased annual-mean insolation 4041 and changes in insolation for fixed annual mean solar insolation 40. For tidally locked planets, increasing the eccentricity can warm or cool the planet depending on several factors 42, suggesting a complex climate response to the variable insolation. As in our study, the climate response in these studies is complex and the full extent of the climate response to periodic forcing on Earth-like planets is still to be understood.
To conclude, using a state-of-the-art GCM we have demonstrated that the habitable climates of an Earth-like planet with present-day-Earth CO 2 concentrations in the binary-star system Kepler-35 are confined to a region around a distance of 1.165–1.195 a.u. with respect to the centre of gravity of the system. Although this is situated beyond the Earth's current orbit around the sun, its extent is similar to what we would expect for the same planet in our solar system. Periodic variations of TSI caused by the changing orbit of a planet around the two stars and by the orbit of the stars around the common centre of mass have a variety of impacts on the variations of the climate, but lead only to relatively small changes in the mean climate. The magnitude of the climate response does not only depend on the amplitude of the TSI, but also on the efficacy of the forcing in influencing the considered quantity, on the feedback parameter of that quantity and on the period of the forcing. For similar mean TSI, the magnitude of the impact of the variations of TSI will increase with the semimajor axis of the binary system, as both the amplitude and the period of the TSI grow. We have furthermore demonstrated that the linear feedback parameter is most likely time dependent. The global-mean of the amplitude of a zonal-mean quantity, such as precipitation or OLR, can be substantially larger than the amplitude of the global-mean quantity, implying that observers at a distance may have difficulties in estimating the variability of said quantities accurately. This means that, even-though double-star systems similar to the one studied here seem to be good candidates for habitable planets, the interpretation of observations of such planets is bound to be challenging. A detailed understanding of the underlying climate dynamics will be crucial for a correct interpretation of observations.