As part of a two-weeks hackathon on collective intelligence for democracy, Virgile Deville (Open Source Politics / Democracy Earth) went to Madrid in order to work on Sovereign, Democracy Earth’s software. It was also an opportunity for him to discover Medialab Prado, a true civic collaborative space.
Virgile arrived in Madrid on November 18, 2016. He was quickly able to immerse himself in the atmosphere and had an immediate crush on the Spanish capital. It’s a lively city which remains faithful to its history, both a pleasant and affordable place. The only downside was the bad weather.
Located in the center of the city, near the Atocha station, the civic hall has been established in an old lumber mill. The building is large and spacious: there is a fablab, an exhibition hall, a vast open space and a conference room. The Medialab team is composed of city hall employees — the “ParticipaLab” — as well as residents — sociologists, hackers, digital artists… This diverse staff works at the reception desk but also on personnal projects. A special attention is given to mediation. A part of the staff is here to welcome the public and help them make use of the place. Anyone can propose a project whenever they wish. To summarize, Medialab Prado consists in a warm and open team that is also hard working, professional and experienced. After all, it is ten years old and used to be located in an underground space.
Located in an old lumber mill, the Medialab is vast and esthetically pleasing
Once newcomers were accustomed to the place, the staff of the Medialab set out to form multidisciplinary working groups, with individual skills ranging from code to writing or narration and more artistic profiles.
The topic on which all the groups were to work was the following :
“Collective intelligence for democracy”.
Besides Virgile 🇫🇷, the team consisted in Claudia (digital artist 🇵🇹), Angeliki (illustrator 🇬🇷), Mia (author of a thesis on new forms of political parties 🇩🇪), Mair (political science student 🇦🇷), Roxana (design-thinking expert 🇲🇽) and last but not least, Juan-Felipe (scriptwriter 🇨🇴). In addition, two coders joined the team : Gage (🇨🇦) and Osiel (🇲🇽).
Dream Team at work !
A team whose members clearly had disparate backgrounds, but still compatible. Although it was not easy for Virgile to manage such an eclectic lineup, in the early days, participants had a chance to use Sovereign to help in their decision making process. They chose the following delivery process :
- Definition of the issue ;
- Test and feedback on the existing software ;
- Definition of the expected result ;
- Vote et deliberation ;
- Tasks attribution.
As for the global topic, team members quickly expressed their wish to talk about the digital era and the future of democracy by connecting these themes to individual sovereignty in the Spanish context. At the time, the spanish media had just released a 1995 video in which former Spanish president Adolfo Suárez admits that in 1976 he avoided a referendum on whether or not Spain should become a republic or remain a monarchy (link in Spanish below).
Keep in mind that in Spain, where the king still has real powers — like being commander in chief — this remains a sensitive topic. In order to bypass this taboo aspect, the team chose to deal with this question in a less concrete fashion, through fictional narration.
The goal was to underline the following: like the kings and queens of old,
our digital governance tools’ administators are the kings of our online democracies. They can monitor our decision-making processes, our opinions, our data and so on.
This is why a whole segment of the international civic tech community proposes that we use open source platforms instead of proprietary softwares that pose a grave threat to transparency and sovereignty. To fix this, we need to build a decentralized and incorruptible digital governance system. That is where Democracy Earth, the next project from former members of DemocracyOS, comes into play. But that’s another story…
So what is the outcome of the work of such a team, you ask? A tool that conveys a strong message: Sovereignty beyond Nation-States.
After a few days work, the team launched its platform “Kingdom Tale”. This is an online experiment which aims to underline the question of personal sovereignty in the years ahead and, through fictional narration, to discuss Spanish and other modern monarchies while comparing them to the digital aspects of our contemporary political systems.
“Kingdom Tale” a narrative experiment on individual sovereignty
After this short introduction, the reader is propelled in a mini game in which they portray the current emperor of the “Kingdom whose name I don’t want to remember”. At first, everything seems calm and the player might acknowledge a few famous buildings of Madrid. As the emperor approaches, his subjects follow him peacefully… But quickly, they turn hostile and plot to overthrow him as they invade the Plaza de la Puerta del Sol (the spot where the Indignados gathered in May 2011)!
From that moment on, the narrative unfolds and the reader finds out about the world of these citizens and the successor of the emperor, “King I” of the “Kingdom I do not want to remember”. A king who has demonstrated a desire for equity and social justice, but who remains the heir of a fundamentally unjust system whose, despite his goodwill, he can only preserve the integrity.
The final link is a call to action entitled “Become Sovereign” which leads to a Democracy Earth instance that allows users to vote on questions such as Law of Succession or whether or not to grant powers to monarchy representatives.
“Sovereign” by Democracy Earth
Virgile’s experience at Medialab Prado proved to be pleasant and extremely rewarding. This hackathon was an opportunity for him to advance on the Democracy Earth project as well as a chance to bond with the Spanish civic-tech ecosystem, which emanates directly from the Indignados movement and has been able to conduct numerous experiments since the accession to power of civil coalitions in major Spanish cities such as Madrid, Barcelona or La Coruña... It was also an opportunity to meet a community of nearly a hundred democratic innovators from around the world who are all working on incredible and varied projects that do not compromise with the values they defend — Free software (which means cooperation and transparency) and a certain attraction for spaces of participation that involve the responsibility of the institutions and the political decision-makers regarding the citizens.
Among the other projects, Virgile was particularly impressed by:
- Turnometro : An application designed to measure or request speaking time at general meetings. It emanates directly from the experience of Wiki Politica in Mexico. Turnometro also allows to collect opinions and feelings on each of the speakers.
- Red Argos : A collaborative real-time drafting tool based on the jetpad technology (open source alternative to Google docs), aimed at improving participation in the legislative process.
- Consul + Emapic : Fusion of Emapic, which allows to develop geolocated surveys and Consul, the civic participation tool created by the city hall of Madrid that allows to locate the source of the proposals but also to be able to pinpoint, for each proposal, the distribution of votes by district.
- Digidem Guide : A platform that centralizes and redirects towards several consultation tools according to needs (OpenSpending for transparency of both public and private expenditure, Loomio for argumentation and discussion, Pol.is for large-scale consultation etc.).
There are several reasons why Medialab Prado is a true model of democratic innovation:
1. Accessibility: the place is open to any citizen who wants to carry out a project, and a team of mediators is available to accompany it.
2. The collaboration with the city hall: the members of the “ParticipaLab” work at the town hall and conduct the experiments within the Medialab. This kind of partnership between civil society and institutions is exciting because it broadens the scope of the stakeholders in the consultation process and makes citizens’ involvement easier.
3. Opening up internationally: while dealing with local issues, the Medialab team organizes hackathons with participants from around the world and guarantees them support from recognized mentors such as Audrey Tang, digital Minister of Taiwan.
4. The diversity of themes: the Medialab welcomes and promotes both robotic projects as well as artistic, social or musical projects…
This is certainly the model that should inspire us collectively to design the upcoming Parisian Civic Hall.


Helllllooooo i'm abrar a female, a computer engineer from Jordan.
i am interesting in programming, like how we can use code to make something, how to create a new program which is useful for some people, and how to make a machine work. Also, how to solve some problems using it.
i have a Java course from beprogramming company. and now I am in scholarship with ASAC.
i take my major just like a gate (or we can say it is a general field) to know what branch i preferred (network, hardware, programming, communication, etc).
in the end i discovered i prefer programming after taking C++ course in the university and failed in midterm exam. after thinking seriously about dropping it or not, i made an extra effort to pass it, and pass it ^^.
i like to do my job at evening cause i like quiet moments and places.
My goal is submitting a job, if not work as a freelancer, if not learn more about programming.
Education
- studied at Albalqa university.started on 2016 and graduated on 2021.
Experiences
- for now join a scholarship with ASAC in fullStack software developer.
- join course in JAVA in 2019.
- make university final project "warehouse cloud services"
My favorites:
- color: Blue
- Dish: green beans
- pet: don't like pets
- Anime: fullmetal alchemist
THANK YOU ^^
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Full Stack Developer.
Creative, dedicated, and thoughtful developer with a passion for improving businesses through both consulting and development
About
I take the time to understand the requirements and will give an open and frank opinion on the best way to move forward with the project.
Applications on Demand - Development is designed to provide access to secure, fully configured and patched development environments for enterprise applications.
Portfolio
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LEAVING LAS VEGAS A film review by James Berardinelli Copyright 1995 James Berardinelli
RATING (0 TO 10): 8.8
United States, 1995 U.S. Availability: beginning 10/95 (limited) Running Length: 1:52 MPAA Classification: R (Profanity, violence, sex, nudity) Theatrical Aspect Ratio: 1.85:1
Cast: Nicolas Cage, Elisabeth Shue, Julian Sands Director: Mike Figgis Producers: Lila Cazes and Annie Stewart Screenplay: Mike Figgis based on the novel by John O'Brien Cinematography: Declan Quinn Music: Mike Figgis U.S. Distributor: United Artists
Around the time that Mike Figgis began production of LEAVING LAS VEGAS, John O'Brien, the author of the book upon which the film is based, shot himself in the head. This story, according to O'Brien's father, is his son's suicide note. And what an epitaph it is...
By their nature, most love stories are relentlessly optimistic. An upbeat tone and a happy ending are almost mandatory. So it's unusual for a romance to delve as deeply into the dark realms of the human psyche as LEAVING LAS VEGAS. This motion picture is an examination of both the power and the impotence of love. That emotion is not, as some would have us believe, a magical cure to wipe away life's troubles and tribulations. Neither is it an unqualified gateway to salvation.
LEAVING LAS VEGAS tells the story of Ben (Nicolas Cage), an unapologetic drunk, and Sera (Elisabeth Shue), a prostitute. After Ben loses his LA job, he takes his termination pay and heads to Vegas, that American mecca of glitz and greed where souls go to die. His intent is not to gamble, however, but to do something more certain: take a room in a flea-bag motel, buy as much booze as he can afford, and drink himself to death. By his estimation, that should take only a few weeks. But Ben is a lonely man and, even as his body craves alcohol, his heart yearns for companionship. So, when he sees Sera walking the streets, he offers her $500 for an hour. As it turns out, though, what he needs more than sex is a friendly ear. Thus begins the relationship that forms the film's core.
One of the reasons LEAVING LAS VEGAS is so heartbreakingly haunting is that the unconditional love between Ben and Sera blossoms against a backdrop of desperation, loneliness, and self-destruction. Ben's only plea to Sera is that she never try to stop him from drinking. This is not a lesson movie like WHEN A MAN LOVES A WOMAN, where the triumph over alcoholism forms the central dynamic. Instead, LEAVING LAS VEGAS is about passion that flares brightly for a moment before being extinguished. The audience understands when Sera says, "We both realized that we didn't have that much time. I accepted him as he was and didn't expect him to change. He needed me. I loved him--I really loved him."
LEAVING LAS VEGAS wouldn't be as difficult to sit through--equal parts transcendent beauty and unbearable pain--if it weren't for a pair of magnificent performances. Since this is essentially a two- character story, nearly every scene is built around Ben, Sera, or (more frequently) both. Actor Nicolas Cage, who has a track record of immersing himself in parts, gives one of the year's most powerful acting turns. In this movie, the charisma and outward energy form a fragile shell over a pit of despair and self-loathing. Yet at the same time, there's a sense of freedom--for Ben, death has lost its power to frighten. Cage melds all those elements into this complex, multi- layered portrayal. Meanwhile, Elisabeth Shue, whose filmography is far less impressive, matches Cage scene-for-scene, emotion-for-emotion. There's no glamour in this role, but we still see the beauty that attracts Ben--tarnished and dulled, perhaps, but still obviously there.
Rarely does a motion picture create such conflicting emotions in the viewer. Like the French film SAVAGE NIGHTS (about living with AIDS), but far better crafted, LEAVING LAS VEGAS has no taboos. It doesn't moralize about its characters. Mike Figgis (INTERNAL AFFAIRS) has filmed an amazing dual character study. Like great poetry where each verse strives for new highs and lows, LEAVING LAS VEGAS draws its audience along a rarely-traveled path whose scope can only be fully appreciated in the silence of the aftermath.
- James Berardinelli<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


--- title: 100 Time Series Data Mining Questions - Part 2 author: Francisco Bischoff date: '2020-09-08' publishDate: '2020-09-08' categories: - datamining - R - r-bloggers - timeseries - tsmp slug: 100-time-series-part-2 mathjax: yes ---
In the last post we started looking for a known pattern in a time series.
For the next question, we will still be using the datasets available at https://github.com/matrix-profile-foundation/mpf-datasets so you can try this at home.
The original code (MATLAB) and data are here.
Now let’s start:
Now we don’t know what we are looking for, but we want to discover something. Not just one pattern, but patterns that repeat, and may look similar or not.
First, let’s load the tsmp
library and import our dataset:
# install.packages('tsmp')
library(tsmp)
baseurl <- "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/matrix-profile-foundation/mpf-datasets/a3a3c08a490dd0df29e64cb45dbb355855f4bcb2/"
dataset <- unlist(read.csv(paste0(baseurl, "synthetic/motifs-discords-small.txt"), header = FALSE),
use.names = FALSE)
And plot it as before:
plot(dataset, main = "Dataset", type = "l", ylab = "", xlab = "time")
This dataset is a synthetic dataset for demonstration. We clearly see three different patterns. Can we find those patterns?
Again the tsmp
does all for you. First I’ll demonstrate how to work with that step by step, and after, using the MPA (Matrix Profile API), introduced by the MPF (Matrix Profile Foundation) has standard functions to use in R
and other languages.
In this example, we will not use the Rcpp optimized version of the algorithm, as it is not fully implemented in the package at this moment.
# First, we build our Matrix Profile using the `mpx()` function that is already implemented
# in Rcpp (optimized). We can use other algorithms like STAMP, STOMP, but this is beyond
# the scope of this post.
tictac1 <- Sys.time()
mp_obj <- tsmp(dataset, window_size = 20, exclusion_zone = 1, verbose = 0)
tictac1 <- Sys.time() - tictac1
cat(paste("tsmp() finished in ", tictac1, "seconds\n\n"))
## tsmp() finished in 0.127013921737671 seconds
str(mp_obj, 1)
## List of 9
## $ mp : num [1:856, 1] 0.198 0.202 0.203 0.214 0.207 ...
## $ pi : num [1:856, 1] 121 122 248 249 250 66 67 48 354 355 ...
## $ rmp : num [1:856, 1] 0.198 0.202 0.203 0.214 0.207 ...
## $ rpi : num [1:856, 1] 121 122 248 249 250 66 67 48 354 355 ...
## $ lmp : num [1:856, 1] Inf Inf Inf Inf Inf ...
## $ lpi : num [1:856, 1] -Inf -Inf -Inf -Inf -Inf ...
## $ w : num 20
## $ ez : num 1
## $ data:List of 1
## - attr(*, "class")= chr "MatrixProfile"
## - attr(*, "join")= logi FALSE
## - attr(*, "origin")=List of 8
Differently of the last post, we don’t have a distance profile
but a matrix profile
that is the minimum value of all distance profiles of all possible rolling window in this data. Together, we have the profile index
that points to the most similar pattern in this data.
Let’s take a look on the matrix profile
object:
mp_obj$rmp <- NULL # we don't need that in this tutorial
mp_obj$lmp <- NULL # we don't need that in this tutorial
plot(mp_obj, data = TRUE)
Notice that the Matrix Profile gets lower values as pattern repeats, and higher values when a different pattern arises. Here is the magic!
Continuing trying to find the patterns:
# the `tsmp` package implements the pipe feature from `magrittr` package:
# https://magrittr.tidyverse.org/
tictac2 <- Sys.time()
mp_obj %>%
find_motif(n_motifs = 3) %T>%
plot()
## Matrix Profile
## --------------
## Profile size = 856
## Window size = 20
## Exclusion zone = 20
## Contains 1 set of data with 875 observations and 1 dimension
##
## Motif
## -----
## Motif pairs found = 3
## Motif pairs indexes = [178, 323] [777, 848] [512, 637]
## Motif pairs neighbors = [363, 283, 58, 383, 98, 38, 18, 118, 403, 243] [805] []
tictac2 <- Sys.time() - tictac2
cat(paste("find_motif() finished in ", tictac2, "seconds (with plot!)\n\n"))
## find_motif() finished in 0.0409982204437256 seconds (with plot!)
Here we see a curious result. I managed to get the three parts, but I confess I did a tweak. As we see, that sinusoidal wave that is in the 3rd motif (the green one) is very similar to the sinusoidal wave from the 1st motif. So why the neighbours (dashed lines) of Motif 1 don’t find that pattern? That’s because of the window_size
and exclusion_zone
that an eager reader may have seen I set to 1
in tsmp() function, and, I used specifically the window of 20
, that fits what I wanted.
I did that on purpose, to seize the opportunity to draw attention to these two parameters. This new concept (Matrix Profile) is almost parameter-free, but these two parameters still essential to know about (later we will see a special feature that can help us to suggest a proper window size).
Anyway, we can see that Motif 3 is a mix of noise and sinusoidal, and that happens two times, so, in essence, this may be considered a motif.
As promised, I’ll use the MPA for a lazy approach:
# You'll see that this approach is way faster, but this is due to programming optimization
# that will be available in later versions.
tictac3 <- Sys.time()
compute(dataset, 64) %>%
motifs() %>%
visualize()
tictac3 <- Sys.time() - tictac3
cat(paste("compute(), motifs(), visualize() finished in ", tictac3, "seconds (with plot!)\n\n"))
## compute(), motifs(), visualize() finished in 0.0807268619537354 seconds (with plot!)
And here is the laziest (spoiler alert! it will plot discords! we’ll talk about them in another post).
# You'll see that this approach is way faster, but this is due to programming optimization
# that will be available in later versions.
tictac4 <- Sys.time()
analyze(dataset, 64)
tictac4 <- Sys.time() - tictac4
cat(paste("analyze() finished in ", tictac3, "seconds (with plot!)\n\n"))
## analyze() finished in 0.0807268619537354 seconds (with plot!)
So we did it again!
This ends our second question of one hundred (let’s hope so!).
Until next time.


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113488-general/topic/introductions.20to.20dependent.20type.20theory.20for.20mathematicians.html ---
At tea today some colleagues expressed interest in learning about dependent type theory (interactive theorem proving may still be a bridge too far... :-). Does anyone have favourite recommendations for introductions, especially written for a "working mathematician" audience?
I'd be curious to see how far you can go using type theory as a tool without type checker
My angle on the subject has of course only been from the user's perspective so I'll admit that there's probably a whole world I know nothing about
hmm, i would recommend ncatlab to a mathematician... the references section seems through
https://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/dependent+type+theory
I think the HoTT book is the best introduction to dependent type theory from a mathematician perspective
just remember to get off the bus when they start talking about iterated identity types :)
Great! I'm very happy that my first two suggestions have been echoed here. :-) I also like Mike Schulman's post at <https://golem.ph.utexas.edu/category/2010/03/in_praise_of_dependent_types.html>.
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


1 Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University, North Haven, CT
2 Department of Cognitive Science Department, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
3 Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto
4 Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH
5 Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore
6 Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore
recount2
(Collado-Torres et al. 2017) and other projects;We identified SRA studies present in recount2
that had at least 4 samples with at least 70% of them were predicted to correspond to the brain using phenopredict
(v0.0.03) (Ellis et al. 2018). Figure 6 of (Razmara et al. 2019) shows the reproducible curation workflow we followed that briefly involved: creating a list of metadata variables of interest, documenting which part of the paper/supplement the information came from, and any custom modifications. We merged recount-brain
with GTEx and TCGA brain sample metadata and linked to controlled vocabulary terms for Brodmann region, tissue and disease.
In total, there are 6,547 samples with metadata in recount-brain
with 5,330 (81.4%) present in recount2 from 62 SRA studies, GTEx (n=1,409) and TCGA (n=707). The curated metadata can be interactively explored through jhubiostatistics.shinyapps.io/recount-brain/. Figure 3.1 exemplifies some of the metadata information available for these studies.
Select studies or add the sample metadata to the expression data with recount::add_metadata()
(Figure 3.2).
As an example of how you can use recount-brain
, we used studies with post mortem interval (PMI) information to assess whether expression of RNASE2 is associated with PMI. In studies present in recount-brain
we did find an overall association as shown in Figure 3.3 in contrast to (Ferreira et al. 2018)’s findings. A sensitivity analysis releaved study variability which is why Ferreira et al likely did not observe this association.
We used recount-brain
to determine the consistency of gene variability across glioblastoma studies SRP027383 and SRP044668 as well as TCGA (Figure 3.4).
recount-brain
(Razmara et al. 2019) facilitates human brain RNA-seq analyses.recount-brain
can be used for reproducing analyses, replicating findings and assessing cross-study variability.Bernstein, Matthew N., AnHai Doan, and Colin N. Dewey. 2017. “MetaSRA: Normalized Human Sample-Specific Metadata for the Sequence Read Archive.” Bioinformatics 33 (18): 2914–23. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btx334.
Collado-Torres, Leonardo, Abhinav Nellore, Kai Kammers, Shannon E. Ellis, Margaret A. Taub, Kasper D. Hansen, Andrew E. Jaffe, Ben Langmead, and Jeffrey T. Leek. 2017. “Reproducible RNA-Seq Analysis Using Recount2.” Nature Biotechnology 35 (4): 319–21. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3838.
Ellis, Shannon E., Leonardo Collado-Torres, Andrew Jaffe, and Jeffrey T. Leek. 2018. “Improving the Value of Public RNA-Seq Expression Data by Phenotype Prediction.” Nucleic Acids Research 46 (9): e54–e54. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gky102.
Ferreira, Pedro G., Manuel Muñoz-Aguirre, Ferran Reverter, Caio P. Sá Godinho, Abel Sousa, Alicia Amadoz, Reza Sodaei, et al. 2018. “The Effects of Death and Post-Mortem Cold Ischemia on Human Tissue Transcriptomes.” Nature Communications 9 (1): 490. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02772-x.
Razmara, Ashkaun, Shannon E. Ellis, Dustin J. Sokolowski, Sean Davis, Michael D. Wilson, Jeffrey T. Leek, Andrew E. Jaffe, and Leonardo Collado-Torres. 2019. “Recount-Brain: A Curated Repository of Human Brain RNA-Seq Datasets Metadata.” bioRxiv, April, 618025. https://doi.org/10.1101/618025.
Analysis-ready human curated sample metadata for brain RNA-seq studies


Welcome!!! Learn/teach and share awesome Graffiti!
Drawing is a great and inexpensive way to pass time. One type of drawing that I enjoy is lettering or graffiti. Here's why I like it:
- It's fun!!!
- Inexpensive!
- And it gives an opportunity to be creative and solve design challenges!
Here's a list of things you'll need to get started
| Name | Description | Where to buy |
|---|---|---|
| Paper | Markers have a tendency to bleed through paper and ruin the paper you are working on. For best results I like some heavy duty sketchbook paper. | Amazon is a great place to browse/buy. |
| Pencil and eraser | I first light sketch with pencil to get some idea of placement size volume and style. Any pencil will do, I prefer 2H pencil. | Pick up at your local art/office supply store or look online. |
| Markers | Experiment with different markers and find the ones you like most, my favorite are utrecht design markers. | You can find them here. |
klughaus.net is an example of the website I'd like to make.
Some of the tags I didn't recognize were:
- link tag - this links css and possibly other resources to style/modify webpage
- script tag - connects a script to your website(not sure if only javascript or some others too)
- meta tag - adds additional info to the page, makes search engine's job easier
It looks like a great website. It has a great design, content is easy to read/access. It is responsive and functions well. Styling as well as deeper understanding of programming make it better then my website, I hope to learn more css and javascript libraries in future to be able to make a website like this.


Canary Wharf and Canada Water evacuated after 'dust storm'
Passengers were evacuated from two London Underground stations after a ‘dust storm’ in rush hour this morning.
Canary Wharf and Canada Water were both shut after the air was filled with dust from a tunnel fan.
Footage shows passengers covering their mouths as they left the stations in the haze.
The two stations were closed for about 10 minutes shortly after 9.15am.
Owen Smith, who was at Canada Water during the evacuation, said he thought there was ‘some sort of gas or smoke’.
However, he added that everyone remained ‘very calm’ and described the station staff as ‘a credit to TfL’.
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Andrew Leung described the situation as ‘a dust storm’ on Twitter, while someone called Temi wrote: The jubilee line is MAD this morning. & Canary Wharf & Canada Water are closer due to fire alarms’.
A Transport for London (TfL) spokeswoman said: ‘We were doing testing of fans in the tunnels.
‘It inadvertently created a dust cloud so we evacuated the stations.’
Both stations have reopened now.
Got a story for Metro.co.uk?
Get in touch with our news team by emailing us at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>For more stories like this, check our news page.


Use Credits to simplify multiple payment operations
Make easy a control under the customer balances
Synchronize the customer credit details across multiple POSes
Analyze and review all customer credit transactions.
Step 1. Use the Max Debt Limit setting to specify should customers have to pay in advance (Max Debt = 0) or they allowed to pay later (Max Debt > 0). You can also specify different settings for different customers.
Step 2. Specify which POSes can accept real-money Payments (cash, bank cards etc) and which ones can register usage of internal-money ("Credits") only. Note, that POS may be allowed to do both.
Step 3. Take care about device to create and scan customer card. It can be RFID-chip based system or simple barcode based system.
Step 4. (Optional) Create "Credit" products as predefined prepayment value (e.g. 20$, 100$, etc). Also, it allows customers to make advance payment via Odoo eCommerce system.
DONE! System is ready! Whenever customer purchase goods or make a deposit, all POSes receive updated customer balance instantly.
See all client debt/credit history from POS interface directly.
For further information check Documentation tab, description of Debt Notebook module or contact us as described below.
Contact us by email or fill out request form


People generally begin a conversation about family with a simple “Do you have any family around here?” or “Tell me about your family.” If that’s the case, below is a short description of who my family are and whom you can contact if you have an important matter to discuss with me. You can visit their Facebook accounts for further information!
Father
Bachelor of Science in Agriculture
49 Years Old
July 17, 1971
Mother
Bachelor of Science in Agriculture
51 Years Old
January 15, 1970
Eldest Child
Bachelor of Elementary Education
28 Years Old
November 15, 1992
Middle Child
Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in English
24 Years Old
July 4, 1996


Joseph Sheedy
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Git repository: https://github.com/UWPCE-PythonCert/Python300-SystemDevelopmentWithPython-Fall-2014
If a system handles asynchronous events, a seperate thread of execution could handle those events and let other threads do other work
Examples:
Parallel programming can be hard!
If your problem can be solved sequentially, consider the costs and benefits before going parallel.
Threads are lightweight processes, run in the address space of an OS process.
This allows multiple threads access to data in the same scope.
Python threads are true OS level threads
Threads can not gain the performance advantage of multiple processors due to the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL)
But the GIL is released during IO, allowing IO bound processes to benefit from threading
A process contains all the instructions and data required to execute independently
The Python interpreter isn't lightweight!
Communication between processes can be achieved via multiprocessing.Queue, multiprocessing.Pipe, and regular IPC
processes require multiple copies of the data, or expensive IPC to access it
data moved between processes must be pickleable
This is a lock which must be obtained by each thread before it can execute, ensuring thread safety
The GIL is released during IO operations, so threads which spend time waiting on network or disk access can enjoy performance gains
Some alternative Python implementations such as Jython and IronPython have no GIL
cPython and PyPy have one
Launch multiple processes to speed up CPU bound operations. Luckily, this is easy with the multiprocessing module.
Numerically integrate the function y = x2 from 0 to 10.
Consider the following code from week-07/threading_and_multiprocessing/examples/integrate/cheap-hack
def f(x):
return x**2
def integrate(f, a, b, N):
s = 0
dx = (b-a)/N
for i in xrange(N):
s += f(a+i*dx)
return s * dx
Break down the problem into parallelizable chunks, then add the results together by hand:
((python integrate_main.py 0 5 1000000) &) ; ((python integrate_main.py 5 10 1000000) & )
We can do better than this
starting threads doesn't take much:
import sys
import threading
import time
def func():
for i in xrange(5):
print "hello from thread %s" % threading.current_thread().name
time.sleep(1)
threads = []
for i in xrange(3):
thread = threading.Thread(target=func, args=())
thread.start()
threads.append(thread)
thread.daemon = True
You can adding threading capability to your own classes
Subclass Thread and implement the run method
import threading
class MyThread(threading.Thread):
def run(self):
print "hello from %s" % threading.current_thread().name
thread = MyThread()
thread.start()
In the last example we saw threads competing for access to stdout.
Worse, if competing threads try to update the same value, we might get an unexpected race condition
Race conditions occur when multiple statements need to execute atomically, but get interrupted midway
See examples/race_condition.py
| Thread 1 | Thread 2 | Integer value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | |||
| read value | ← | 0 | |
| increase value | 0 | ||
| write back | → | 1 | |
| read value | ← | 1 | |
| increase value | 1 | ||
| write back | → | 2 |
| Thread 1 | Thread 2 | Integer value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | |||
| read value | ← | 0 | |
| read value | ← | 0 | |
| increase value | 0 | ||
| increase value | 0 | ||
| write back | → | 1 | |
| write back | → | 1 |
Synchronization and Critical Sections are used to control race conditions
But they introduce other potential problems...
...like Deadlocks!
"A deadlock is a situation in which two or more competing actions are each waiting for the other to finish, and thus neither ever does."
When two trains approach each other at a crossing, both shall come to a full stop and neither shall start up again until the other has gone.
See also Livelock, and Distributed Deadlock
Lock objects allow threads to control access to a resource until they're done with it
This is known as mutual exclusion, often called mutex
Python 2 has a deprecated module called mutex for this. Use a Lock instead.
A Lock has two states: locked and unlocked
If multiple threads have access to the same Lock, they can police themselves by calling its .acquire() and .release() methods
If a Lock is locked, .acquire will block until it becomes unlocked
These threads will wait in line politely for access to the statements in f()
import threading
import time
lock = threading.Lock()
def f():
lock.acquire()
print "%s got lock" % threading.current_thread().name
time.sleep(1)
lock.release()
threading.Thread(target=f).start()
threading.Thread(target=f).start()
threading.Thread(target=f).start()
.acquire() will return True if it successfully acquires a lock
Its first argument is a boolean which specifies whether a lock should block or not. The default is True
import threading
lock = threading.Lock()
lock.acquire()
if not lock.acquire(False):
print "couldn't get lock"
lock.release()
if lock.acquire(False):
print "got lock"
Useful for recursive algorithms, a thread-specific count of the locks is maintained
A reentrant lock can be acquired multiple times by the same thread
Lock.release() must be called the same number of times as Lock.acquire() by that thread
Like an RLock, but in reverse
A Semaphore is given an initial counter value, defaulting to 1
Each call to acquire() decrements the counter, release() increments it
If acquire() is called on a Semaphore with a counter of 0, it will block until the Semaphore counter is greater than 0.
Useful for controlling the maximum number of threads allowed to access a resource simultaneously
find examples/lock/stdout_writer.py
multiple threads in the script write to stdout, and their output gets jumbled
We need a thread safe way of storing results from multiple threads of execution. That is provided by the Queue module.
Queues allow multiple producers and multiple consumers to exchange data safely
Size of the queue is managed with the maxsize kwarg
It will block consumers if empty and block producers if full
If maxsize is less than or equal to zero, the queue size is infinite
from Queue import Queue
q = Queue(maxsize=10)
q.put(37337)
block = True
timeout = 2
print q.get(block, timeout)
Queue.LifoQueue - Last In, First Out
Queue.PriorityQueue - Lowest valued entries are retrieved first
One pattern for PriorityQueue is to insert entries of form data by inserting the tuple: (priority_number, data)
See examples/threading/integrate_main.py
#!/usr/bin/env python import argparse import os import sys import threading import Queue sys.path.append(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "..")) from integrate.integrate import integrate, f from decorators.decorators import timer @timer def threading_integrate(f, a, b, N, thread_count=2): """break work into two chunks""" N_chunk = int(float(N) / thread_count) dx = float(b-a) / thread_count results = Queue.Queue() def worker(*args): results.put(integrate(*args)) threads = [] for i in xrange(thread_count): x0 = dx*i x1 = x0 + dx thread = threading.Thread(target=worker, args=(f, x0, x1, N_chunk)) thread.start() print "Thread %s started" % thread.name # thread1.join() return sum( (results.get() for i in xrange(thread_count) )) if __name__ == "__main__": parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='integrator') parser.add_argument('a', nargs='?', type=float, default=0.0) parser.add_argument('b', nargs='?', type=float, default=10.0) parser.add_argument('N', nargs='?', type=int, default=10**7) parser.add_argument('thread_count', nargs='?', type=int, default=2) args = parser.parse_args() a = args.a b = args.b N = args.N thread_count = args.thread_count print "Numerical solution with N=%(N)d : %(x)f" % \ {'N': N, 'x': threading_integrate(f, a, b, N, thread_count=thread_count)}
Try running the code in examples/threading/integrate_main.py
It accepts 4 arguments:
./integrate_main.py -h usage: integrate_main.py [-h] [a] [b] [N] [thread_count] integrator positional arguments: a b N thread_count
./integrate_main.py 0 10 1000000 4
What happens when you change the thread count? What thread count gives the maximum speed?
multiprocessing provides an API very similar to threading, so the transition is easy
use multiprocessing.Process instead of threading.Thread
import multiprocessing
import os
import time
def func():
print "hello from process %s" % os.getpid()
time.sleep(1)
proc = multiprocessing.Process(target=func, args=())
proc.start()
proc = multiprocessing.Process(target=func, args=())
proc.start()
multiprocessing has its' own multiprocessing.Queue which handles interprocess communication
Also has its' own versions of Lock, RLock, Semaphore
from multiprocessing import Queue, Lock
multiprocessing.Pipe for 2-way process communication:
from multiprocessing import Pipe
parent_conn, child_conn = Pipe()
child_conn.send("foo")
print parent_conn.recv()
a processing pool contains worker processes with only a configured number running at one time
from multiprocessing import Pool
pool = Pool(processes=4)
The Pool module has several methods for adding jobs to the pool
from multiprocessing import Pool
def f(x):
return x*x
if __name__ == '__main__':
pool = Pool(processes=4)
result = pool.apply_async(f, (10,))
print result.get(timeout=1)
print pool.map(f, range(10))
it = pool.imap(f, range(10))
print it.next()
print it.next()
print it.next(timeout=1)
import time
result = pool.apply_async(time.sleep, (10,))
print result.get(timeout=1)
http://docs.python.org/2/library/multiprocessing.html#module-multiprocessing.pool
threading also has a pool
confusingly, it lives in the multiprocessing module
from multiprocessing.pool import ThreadPool
pool = ThreadPool(processes=4)
We're going to test making concurrent connections to a web service in examples/server/app.py
It is a WSGI application which can be run with Green Unicorn or another WSGI server
$ gunicorn app:app --bind <IP_ADDRESS>:37337
client-threading.py makes 100 threads to contact the web service
client-mp.py makes 100 processes to contact the web service
client-pooled.py creates a ThreadPool
client-pooled.py contains a results Queue, but doesn't use it. Can you collect all the output from the pool into a single data structure using this Queue?
Traditionally, concurency has been achieved through multiple process communication and in-process threads, as we've seen
Another strategy is through micro-threads, implemented via coroutines and a scheduler
A coroutine is a generalization of a subroutine which allows multiple entry points for suspending and resuming execution
the threading and the multiprocessing modules follow a preemptive multitasking model
coroutine based solutions follow a cooperative multitasking model
def coroutine(n):
try:
while True:
x = (yield)
print n+x
except GeneratorExit:
pass
targets = [
coroutine(10),
coroutine(20),
coroutine(30),
]
for target in targets:
target.next()
for i in range(5):
for target in targets:
target.send(i)
By "jumping" to parallel coroutines, our application can simulate true threads.
Creating the scheduler which does the jumping is an exercise for the reader, but look into these packages which handle the dirty work
A distributed system is one in which components located on networked computers communicate and coordinate their actions by passing messages
There are lots of ways to do this at different layers. MPI, *-RPC, Pyro, ...
"Celery is an asynchronous task queue/job queue based on distributed message passing"
Provides an API for defining tasks, and retrieving results from those tasks
Messages are passed via a "message broker", of which Celery supports several:
Celery worker processes are run on compute nodes, while the main process farms jobs out to them. http://www.celeryproject.org/
# tasks.py
from celery import Celery
celery = Celery('tasks', backend="amqp", broker='amqp://guest@localhost//')
@celery.task
def add(x, y):
return x + y
% celery -A tasks worker --loglevel=INFO -c 4
from tasks import add
result = add.delay(2,3)
print result.get()
/


Background
Matt Might has an awesome easy-to-read blog that has inspired us in many ways! Matt is a tenured CS professor at Utah and a visiting professor at HMS (Harvard Medical School). He’s the dad of 3 kids, one of whom has a very rare genetic disorder. He & his wife have spent a good part of their lives educating themselves and others about the disease.
Some of his useful blog posts
Health | Strength-training | JustDoIt
- HOWTO: Gain strength and muscle
- Least resistance weight loss
- Path of least resistance
- Handling repetitive strain injury (e.g. carpal tunnel syndrome)
Efficiency | Productivity | work-life-balance
- Productivity tips for academics
- How to send and reply to email
- Tips for work-life balance
- Travel hacks
- 12 resolutions for programmers
Academic | Professorship
… = lots more where this came from!


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X-Ray Dog
One of the leader in trailer and epic music
Epic logo of album: Mighty Dog
X-Ray Dog's most popular albums:
Fresh Meat
2002
Sit Up And Listen
2002
Dog Party
2003
Dog Eat Dog
2004
Best In Show
2005
Mighty Dog(Action)
2006
Alpha Dog
2007
Feed The Beast(Dark Action)
2008
Scent of Evil
2010
Beast Break
2012
Battle Bred
2013
If you are interested you should read more about it incredible group on this Wikipedia entry.


Hello,
I'm a beginner in an entry level C++ class. Currently, I have an assignment due tomorrow in which I must write code to use function, and switch statements in a C++ program which can perform arithmetic and trignometric functions depending on the user's input..below I displayed the actual text of the assignment
"In this project, you will program a simple calculator which does basic arithmetic, trigonometric and operations. In this program, you will exercise “function”, “switch” statements in C++ program. (Your program should contain “switch” statement which accepts user input for either “arithmetic” or “trigonometric” calculations.)
Once user input is selected, proper function is called. For example, “arith( )” for arithmetic calculations and “trigono( )” for “trigonometric ones.
Once those functions are called, user is asked to enter his/her desired computation through another case statement. Based on user input, your calculator performs proper computation after accepting user input numbers. The output from computation should be displayed to your monitor.
My actual code that I have done so far is below, I know it is the arithmetic portion...can someone please help me correct any errors I have created and someone help me include trigonometric functions. I'm lost how to include trigonometric functions if someone can help me please :(
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49
|
//Project Homework #3
#include <math.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main () {
cout <<"Welcome to Robert's calculator." <<endl;
int 1,2; //declaring variables
int result; //look for result
int arith(), int trigono()
cout <<"Press 1 for Arithmetic and 2 for Trignometric Calculation: "; //states to user press 1 to use arithmetic calculator and 2 for Trignometric Calculator
cin >> 1;
cin >> 2;
}
int main()
{
double Operand1, Operand2, Result;
char Operator;
cout << "This program allows you to perform an operation on two numbers\n";
cout << "To proceed, enter a number, an operator, and a number:\n";
cin >> Operand1 >> Operator >> Operand2;
switch(Operator)
{
case '+':
Result = Operand1 + Operand2;
break;
case '-':
Result = Operand1 - Operand2;
break;
case '*':
Result = Operand1 * Operand2;
break;
case '/':
Result = Operand1 / Operand2;
break;
}
cout << "\n" << Operand1 << " " << Operator << " "
<< Operand2 << " = " << Result;
cout << "\n\n";
| |


Sam King
Computer Science @ UC Davis
Overview information
In general, I'm interested in research on computer security. I tend to apply techniques from a wide range of areas within computer science (operating systems, architecture, machine learning) in order to solve security problems.
I spent four years in industry with two of them as the Head of Accounts at Twitter and two as Head of Fraud and Identity at Lyft, but now I'm back in academia at UC Davis. If you're interested, I wrote a blog post that talks about some of the lessons learned from my time in industry. I also wrote a blog post about why I moved from academia to industry and back.
Currently, I'm working on digital identities, fraud, fake accounts, and robot security. My Research page shows a nice summary of some of my past projects, and my Publications page shows a full list of my publications.
You can reach me via LinkedIn, Twitter, or email (kingst@ucdavis.edu).


SYNAPTICS
Section: Devices and Network Interfaces (4)Updated: xf86-input-synaptics 1.4.1
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
synaptics - touchpad input driverSYNOPSIS
Section N'34'InputDeviceN'34' Identifier N'34'devnameN'34' Driver N'34'synapticsN'34' Option N'34'DeviceN'34' N'34'devpathN'34' Option N'34'PathN'34' N'34'pathN'34' ... EndSection
DESCRIPTION
synaptics is an Xorg input driver for touchpads. Even though touchpads can be handled by the normal evdev or mouse drivers, this driver allows more advanced features of the touchpad to become available. Some benefits would be:- *
- Movement with adjustable, non-linear acceleration and speed.
- *
- Button events through short touching of the touchpad.
- *
- Double-Button events through double short touching of the touchpad.
- *
- Dragging through short touching and holding down the finger on the touchpad (tap-and-drag gesture).
- *
- Middle and right button events on the upper and lower corner of the touchpad.
- *
- Vertical scrolling (button four and five events) through moving the finger on the right side of the touchpad.
- *
- The up/down button sends button four/five events.
- *
- Horizontal scrolling (button six and seven events) through moving the finger on the lower side of the touchpad.
- *
- The multi-buttons send button four/five events for vertical scrolling and button six/seven events for horizontal scrolling.
- *
- Adjustable finger detection.
- *
- Multifinger taps: two finger for right button and three finger for middle button events. (Needs hardware support. Not all models implement this feature.)
- *
- Pressure dependent motion speed.
- *
- Run-time configuration using shared memory. This means you can change parameter settings without restarting the X server.
Note that depending on the touchpad firmware, some of these features might be available even without using the synaptics driver. Note also that some functions are not available on all touchpad models, because they need support from the touchpad hardware/firmware. (Multifinger taps for example.)
The name "synaptics" is historical and the driver still provides the synaptics protocol parsing code. Under Linux however, the hardware-specifics are handled by the kernel and this driver will work for any touchpad that has a working kernel driver.
CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
Please refer to xorg.conf(5) for general configuration details and for options that can be used with all input drivers. This section only covers configuration details specific to this driver.The following driver Options are supported:
- Option N'34'DeviceN'34' N'34'stringN'34'
- This option specifies the device file in your N'34'/devN'34' directory which will be used to access the physical device. Normally you should use something like N'34'/dev/input/eventXN'34', where X is some integer.
- Option N'34'ProtocolN'34' N'34'stringN'34'
-
Specifies which kernel driver will be used by this driver. This is the list of
supported drivers and their default use scenarios.
auto-dev automatic, default (recommend) event Linux 2.6 kernel events psaux raw device access (Linux 2.4) psm FreeBSD psm driver - Option N'34'SHMConfigN'34' N'34'booleanN'34'
- Switch on/off shared memory for run-time debugging. This option does not have an effect on run-time configuration anymore and is only useful for hardware event debugging.
- Option N'34'LeftEdgeN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- X coordinate for left edge. Property: "Synaptics Edges"
- Option N'34'RightEdgeN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- X coordinate for right edge. Property: "Synaptics Edges"
- Option N'34'TopEdgeN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Y coordinate for top edge. Property: "Synaptics Edges"
- Option N'34'BottomEdgeN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Y coordinate for bottom edge. Property: "Synaptics Edges"
- Option N'34'FingerLowN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- When finger pressure drops below this value, the driver counts it as a release. Property: "Synaptics Finger"
- Option N'34'FingerHighN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- When finger pressure goes above this value, the driver counts it as a touch. Property: "Synaptics Finger"
- Option N'34'FingerPressN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- When finger pressure goes above this value, the driver counts it as a press. Currently a press is equivalent to putting the touchpad in trackstick emulation mode. Property: "Synaptics Finger"
- Option N'34'MaxTapTimeN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Maximum time (in milliseconds) for detecting a tap. Property: "Synaptics Tap Durations"
- Option N'34'MaxTapMoveN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Maximum movement of the finger for detecting a tap. Property: "Synaptics Tap Move"
- Option N'34'MaxDoubleTapTimeN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Maximum time (in milliseconds) for detecting a double tap. Property: "Synaptics Tap Durations"
- Option N'34'ClickTimeN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- The duration of the mouse click generated by tapping. Property: "Synaptics Tap Durations"
- Option N'34'FastTapsN'34' N'34'booleanN'34'
- Makes the driver react faster to a single tap, but also makes double clicks caused by double tapping slower. Property: "Synaptics Tap FastTap"
- Option N'34'VertEdgeScrollN'34' N'34'booleanN'34'
- Enable vertical scrolling when dragging along the right edge. Property: "Synaptics Edge Scrolling"
- Option N'34'HorizEdgeScrollN'34' N'34'booleanN'34'
- Enable horizontal scrolling when dragging along the bottom edge. Property: "Synaptics Edge Scrolling"
- Option N'34'CornerCoastingN'34' N'34'booleanN'34'
- Enable edge scrolling to continue while the finger stays in an edge corner. Property: "Synaptics Edge Scrolling"
- Option N'34'VertTwoFingerScrollN'34' N'34'booleanN'34'
- Enable vertical scrolling when dragging with two fingers anywhere on the touchpad. Property: "Synaptics Two-Finger Scrolling"
- Option N'34'HorizTwoFingerScrollN'34' N'34'booleanN'34'
- Enable horizontal scrolling when dragging with two fingers anywhere on the touchpad. Property: "Synaptics Two-Finger Scrolling"
- Option N'34'VertScrollDeltaN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Move distance of the finger for a scroll event. Property: "Synaptics Scrolling Distance"
- Option N'34'HorizScrollDeltaN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Move distance of the finger for a scroll event. Property: "Synaptics Scrolling Distance"
- Option N'34'EdgeMotionMinZN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Finger pressure at which minimum edge motion speed is set. Property: "Synaptics Edge Motion Pressure"
- Option N'34'EdgeMotionMaxZN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Finger pressure at which maximum edge motion speed is set. Property: "Synaptics Edge Motion Pressure"
- Option N'34'EdgeMotionMinSpeedN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Slowest setting for edge motion speed. Property: "Synaptics Edge Motion Speed"
- Option N'34'EdgeMotionMaxSpeedN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Fastest setting for edge motion speed. Property: "Synaptics Edge Motion Speed"
- Option N'34'EdgeMotionUseAlwaysN'34' N'34'booleanN'34'
- If on, edge motion is also used for normal movements. If off, edge motion is used only when dragging. Property: "Synaptics Edge Motion Always"
- Option N'34'MinSpeedN'34' N'34'floatN'34'
- Minimum speed factor. Property: "Synaptics Move Speed"
- Option N'34'MaxSpeedN'34' N'34'floatN'34'
- Maximum speed factor. Property: "Synaptics Move Speed"
- Option N'34'AccelFactorN'34' N'34'floatN'34'
- Acceleration factor for normal pointer movements. Property: "Synaptics Move Speed"
- Option N'34'TrackstickSpeedN'34' N'34'floatN'34'
- Speed scale when in trackstick emulation mode. Property: "Synaptics Move Speed"
- Option N'34'PressureMotionMinZN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Finger pressure at which minimum pressure motion factor is applied. Property: "Synaptics Pressure Motion"
- Option N'34'PressureMotionMaxZN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Finger pressure at which maximum pressure motion factor is applied. Property: "Synaptics Pressure Motion"
- Option N'34'PressureMotionMinFactorN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Lowest setting for pressure motion factor. Property: "Synaptics Pressure Motion Factor"
- Option N'34'PressureMotionMaxFactorN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Greatest setting for pressure motion factor. Property: "Synaptics Pressure Motion Factor"
- Option N'34'HorizHysteresisN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- The minimum horizontal HW distance required to generate motion events. Can be specified as a percentage. Increase if noise motion is a problem for you. Zero is disabled. Default: 0.5 percent of the diagonal or (in case of evdev) the appropriate "fuzz" as advertised by the device.
- Option N'34'VertHysteresisN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- The minimum vertical HW distance required to generate motion events. See HorizHysteresis.
- Option N'34'UpDownScrollingN'34' N'34'booleanN'34'
- If on, the up/down buttons generate button 4/5 events. If off, the up button generates a double click and the down button generates a button 2 event. This option is only available for touchpads with physical scroll buttons. Property: "Synaptics Button Scrolling"
- Option N'34'LeftRightScrollingN'34' N'34'booleanN'34'
- If on, the left/right buttons generate button 6/7 events. If off, the left/right buttons both generate button 2 events. This option is only available for touchpads with physical scroll buttons. Property: "Synaptics Button Scrolling"
- Option N'34'UpDownScrollRepeatN'34' N'34'booleanN'34'
- If on, and the up/down buttons are used for scrolling (UpDownScrolling), these buttons will send auto-repeating 4/5 events, with the delay between repeats determined by ScrollButtonRepeat. This option is only available for touchpads with physical scroll buttons. Property: "Synaptics Button Scrolling Repeat"
- Option N'34'LeftRightScrollRepeatN'34' N'34'booleanN'34'
- If on, and the left/right buttons are used for scrolling (LeftRightScrolling), these buttons will send auto-repeating 6/7 events, with the delay between repeats determined by ScrollButtonRepeat. This option is only available for touchpads with physical scroll buttons. Property: "Synaptics Button Scrolling Repeat"
- Option N'34'ScrollButtonRepeatN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- The number of milliseconds between repeats of button events 4-7 from the up/down/left/right scroll buttons. This option is only available for touchpads with physical scroll buttons. Property: "Synaptics Button Scrolling Time"
- Option N'34'EmulateMidButtonTimeN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Maximum time (in milliseconds) for middle button emulation. Property: "Synaptics Middle Button Timeout"
- Option N'34'EmulateTwoFingerMinZN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- For touchpads not capable of detecting multiple fingers but are capable of detecting finger pressure and width, this sets the Z pressure threshold. When both Z pressure and W width thresholds are crossed, a two finger press will be emulated. This defaults to a value that disables emulation on touchpads with real two-finger detection and defaults to a value that enables emulation on remaining touchpads that support pressure and width support. Property: "Synaptics Two-Finger Pressure"
- Option N'34'EmulateTwoFingerMinWN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- For touchpads not capable of detecting multiple fingers but are capable of detecting finger width and pressure, this sets the W width threshold. When both W width and Z pressure thresholds are crossed, a two finger press will be emulated. This feature works best with (PalmDetect) off. Property: "Synaptics Two-Finger Width"
- Option N'34'TouchpadOffN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
-
Switch off the touchpad.
Valid values are:
Property: "Synaptics Off"0 Touchpad is enabled 1 Touchpad is switched off 2 Only tapping and scrolling is switched off - Option N'34'LockedDragsN'34' N'34'booleanN'34'
- If off, a tap-and-drag gesture ends when you release the finger. If on, the gesture is active until you tap a second time, or until LockedDragTimeout expires. Property: "Synaptics Locked Drags"
- Option N'34'LockedDragTimeoutN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- This parameter specifies how long it takes (in milliseconds) for the LockedDrags mode to be automatically turned off after the finger is released from the touchpad. Property: "Synaptics Locked Drags Timeout"
- Option N'34'RTCornerButtonN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Which mouse button is reported on a right top corner tap. Set to 0 to disable. Property: "Synaptics Tap Action"
- Option N'34'RBCornerButtonN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Which mouse button is reported on a right bottom corner tap. Set to 0 to disable. Property: "Synaptics Tap Action"
- Option N'34'LTCornerButtonN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Which mouse button is reported on a left top corner tap. Set to 0 to disable. Property: "Synaptics Tap Action"
- Option N'34'LBCornerButtonN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Which mouse button is reported on a left bottom corner tap. Set to 0 to disable. Property: "Synaptics Tap Action"
- Option N'34'TapButton1N'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Which mouse button is reported on a non-corner one-finger tap. Set to 0 to disable. Property: "Synaptics Tap Action"
- Option N'34'TapButton2N'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Which mouse button is reported on a non-corner two-finger tap. Set to 0 to disable. Property: "Synaptics Tap Action"
- Option N'34'TapButton3N'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Which mouse button is reported on a non-corner three-finger tap. Set to 0 to disable. Property: "Synaptics Tap Action"
- Option N'34'ClickFinger1N'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Which mouse button is reported when left-clicking with one finger. Set to 0 to disable. Property: "Synaptics Click Action"
- Option N'34'ClickFinger2N'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Which mouse button is reported when left-clicking with two fingers. Set to 0 to disable. Property: "Synaptics Click Action"
- Option N'34'ClickFinger3N'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Which mouse button is reported when left-clicking with three fingers. Set to 0 to disable. Property: "Synaptics Click Action"
- Option N'34'CircularScrollingN'34' N'34'booleanN'34'
- If on, circular scrolling is used. Property: "Synaptics Circular Scrolling"
- Option N'34'CircScrollDeltaN'34' N'34'floatN'34'
- Move angle (radians) of finger to generate a scroll event. Property: "Synaptics Circular Scrolling Distance"
- Option N'34'CircScrollTriggerN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
-
Trigger region on the touchpad to start circular scrolling
Property: "Synaptics Circular Scrolling Trigger"0 All Edges 1 Top Edge 2 Top Right Corner 3 Right Edge 4 Bottom Right Corner 5 Bottom Edge 6 Bottom Left Corner 7 Left Edge 8 Top Left Corner - Option N'34'CircularPadN'34' N'34'booleanN'34'
- Instead of being a rectangle, the edge is the ellipse enclosed by the Left/Right/Top/BottomEdge parameters. For circular touchpads. Property: "Synaptics Circular Pad"
- Option N'34'PalmDetectN'34' N'34'booleanN'34'
- If palm detection should be enabled. Note that this also requires hardware/firmware support from the touchpad. Property: "Synaptics Palm Detection"
- Option N'34'PalmMinWidthN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Minimum finger width at which touch is considered a palm. Property: "Synaptics Palm Dimensions"
- Option N'34'PalmMinZN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Minimum finger pressure at which touch is considered a palm. Property: "Synaptics Palm Dimensions"
- Option N'34'CoastingSpeedN'34' N'34'floatN'34'
- Your finger needs to produce this many scrolls per second in order to start coasting. The default is 20 which should prevent you from starting coasting unintentionally. 0 disables coasting. Property: "Synaptics Coasting Speed"
- Option N'34'CoastingFrictionN'34' N'34'floatN'34'
- Number of scrolls/second² to decrease the coasting speed. Default is 50. Property: "Synaptics Coasting Speed"
- Option N'34'SingleTapTimeoutN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Timeout after a tap to recognize it as a single tap. Property: "Synaptics Tap Durations"
- Option N'34'GrabEventDeviceN'34' N'34'booleanN'34'
- If GrabEventDevice is true, the driver will grab the event device for exclusive use when using the linux 2.6 event protocol. When using other protocols, this option has no effect. Grabbing the event device means that no other user space or kernel space program sees the touchpad events. This is desirable if the X config file includes /dev/input/mice as an input device, but is undesirable if you want to monitor the device from user space. When changing this parameter with the synclient program, the change will not take effect until the synaptics driver is disabled and reenabled. This can be achieved by switching to a text console and then switching back to X.
- Option N'34'TapAndDragGestureN'34' N'34'booleanN'34'
- Switch on/off the tap-and-drag gesture. This gesture is an alternative way of dragging. It is performed by tapping (touching and releasing the finger), then touching again and moving the finger on the touchpad. The gesture is enabled by default and can be disabled by setting the TapAndDragGesture option to false. Property: "Synaptics Gestures"
- Option N'34'VertResolutionN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Resolution of X coordinates in units/millimeter. The value is used together with HorizResolution to compensate unequal vertical and horizontal sensitivity. Setting VertResolution and HorizResolution equal values means no compensation. Default value is read from the touchpad or set to 1 if value could not be read. Property: "Synaptics Pad Resolution"
- Option N'34'HorizResolutionN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Resolution of Y coordinates in units/millimeter. The value is used together with VertResolution to compensate unequal vertical and horizontal sensitivity. Setting VertResolution and HorizResolution equal values means no compensation. Default value is read from the touchpad or set to 1 if value could not be read. Property: "Synaptics Pad Resolution"
- Option N'34'AreaLeftEdgeN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Ignore movements, scrolling and tapping which take place left of this edge. The option is disabled by default and can be enabled by setting the AreaLeftEdge option to any integer value other than zero. If supported by the server (version 1.9 and later), the edge may be specified in percent of the total width of the touchpad. Property: "Synaptics Area"
- Option N'34'AreaRightEdgeN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Ignore movements, scrolling and tapping which take place right of this edge. The option is disabled by default and can be enabled by setting the AreaRightEdge option to any integer value other than zero. If supported by the server (version 1.9 and later), the edge may be specified in percent of the total width of the touchpad. Property: "Synaptics Area"
- Option N'34'AreaTopEdgeN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Ignore movements, scrolling and tapping which take place above this edge. The option is disabled by default and can be enabled by setting the AreaTopEdge option to any integer value other than zero. If supported by the server (version 1.9 and later), the edge may be specified in percent of the total height of the touchpad. Property: "Synaptics Area"
- Option N'34'AreaBottomEdgeN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
-
Ignore movements, scrolling and tapping which take place below this edge.
The option is disabled by default and can be enabled by setting the
AreaBottomEdge option to any integer value other than zero. If supported by the
server (version 1.9 and later), the edge may be specified in percent of
the total height of the touchpad. Property: "Synaptics Area"
CONFIGURATION DETAILS
Area handling
The LeftEdge, RightEdge, TopEdge and BottomEdge parameters are used to define the edge and corner areas of the touchpad. The parameters split the touchpad area in 9 pieces, like this:
| LeftEdge | RightEdge | |||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | ||
| 4 | 5 | 6 | ||
| 7 | 8 | 9 | ||
| Physical left edge | Physical right edge |
Coordinates to the left of LeftEdge are part of the left edge (areas 1, 4 and 7), coordinates to the left of LeftEdge and above TopEdge (area 1) are part of the upper left corner, etc.
A good way to find appropriate edge parameters is to enable the SHMConfig option and run "synclient -m 1" to see the x/y coordinates corresponding to different positions on the touchpad.
The perceived physical edges may be adjusted with the AreaLeftEdge, AreaRightEdge, AreaTopEdge, and AreaBottomEdge options. If these values are set to something other than the physical edges, input in the space between the area edge and the respective physical edge is ignored. Note that this reduces the available space on the touchpad.
Tapping
A tap event happens when the finger is touched and released in a time interval shorter than MaxTapTime, and the touch and release coordinates are less than MaxTapMove units apart. A "touch" event happens when the Z value goes above FingerHigh, and an "untouch" event happens when the Z value goes below FingerLow.The MaxDoubleTapTime parameter has the same function as the MaxTapTime parameter, but for the second, third, etc tap in a tap sequence. If you can't perform double clicks fast enough (for example, xmms depends on fast double clicks), try reducing this parameter. If you can't get word selection to work in xterm (ie button down, button up, button down, move mouse), try increasing this parameter.
The ClickTime parameter controls the delay between the button down and button up X events generated in response to a tap event. A too long value can cause undesirable autorepeat in scroll bars and a too small value means that visual feedback from the gui application you are interacting with is harder to see. For this parameter to have any effect, "FastTaps" has to be disabled.
Acceleration
The MinSpeed, MaxSpeed and AccelFactor parameters control the pointer motion speed. The speed value defines the scaling between touchpad coordinates and screen coordinates. When moving the finger very slowly, the MinSpeed value is used, when moving very fast the MaxSpeed value is used. When moving the finger at moderate speed, you get a pointer motion speed somewhere between MinSpeed and MaxSpeed. If you don't want any acceleration, set MinSpeed and MaxSpeed to the same value.The MinSpeed, MaxSpeed and AccelFactor parameters don't have any effect on scrolling speed. Scrolling speed is determined solely from the VertScrollDelta and HorizScrollDelta parameters. To disable vertical or horizontal scrolling, set VertScrollDelta or HorizScrollDelta to zero.
Pressure motion
When pressure motion is activated, the cursor motion speed depends on the pressure exerted on the touchpad (the more pressure exerted on the touchpad, the faster the pointer). More precisely the speed is first calculated according to MinSpeed, MaxSpeed and AccelFactor, and then is multiplied by a sensitivity factor.The sensitivity factor can be adjusted using the PressureMotion parameters. If the pressure is below PressureMotionMinZ, PressureMotionMinFactor is used, and if the pressure is greater than PressureMotionMaxZ, PressureMotionMaxFactor is used. By default, PressureMotionMinZ and PressureMotionMaxZ are equal to EdgeMotionMinZ and EdgeMotionMaxZ. For a pressure value between PressureMotionMinZ and PressureMotionMaxZ, the factor is increased linearly.
Edge motion
When hitting an edge, movement can be automatically continued. If EdgeMotionUseAlways is false, edge motion is only used when dragging. With EdgeMotionUseAlways set to true, it is also used for normal cursor movements.Edge motion speed is calculated by taking into account the amount of pressure applied to the touchpad. The sensitivity can be adjusted using the EdgeMotion parameters. If the pressure is below EdgeMotionMinZ, EdgeMotionMinSpeed is used, and if the pressure is greater than EdgeMotionMaxZ, EdgeMotionMaxSpeed is used. For a pressure value between EdgeMotionMinZ and EdgeMotionMaxZ, the speed is increased linearly.
Middle button emulation
Since most synaptics touchpad models don't have a button that corresponds to the middle button on a mouse, the driver can emulate middle mouse button events. If you press both the left and right mouse buttons at almost the same time (no more than EmulateMidButtonTime milliseconds apart) the driver generates a middle mouse button event.Circular scrolling
Circular scrolling acts like a scrolling wheel on the touchpad. Scrolling is engaged when a drag starts in the given CircScrollTrigger region, which can be all edges, a particular side, or a particular corner. Once scrolling is engaged, moving your finger in clockwise circles around the center of the touchpad will generate scroll down events and counter clockwise motion will generate scroll up events. Lifting your finger will disengage circular scrolling. Use tight circles near the center of the pad for fast scrolling and large circles for better control. When used together with vertical scrolling, hitting the upper or lower right corner will seamlessly switch over from vertical to circular scrolling.Coasting
Coasting is enabled by setting the CoastingSpeed parameter to a non-zero value. Coasting comes in two flavors: conventional (finger off) coasting, and corner (finger on) coasting.Conventional coasting is enabled when coasting is enabled, and CornerCoasting is set to false. When conventional coasting is enabled, horizontal/vertical scrolling can continue after the finger is released from the lower/right edge of the touchpad. The driver computes the scrolling speed corresponding to the finger speed immediately before the finger leaves the touchpad. If this scrolling speed is larger than the CoastingSpeed parameter (measured in scroll events per second), the scrolling will continue with the same speed in the same direction until the finger touches the touchpad again.
Corner coasting is enabled when coasting is enabled, and CornerCoasting is set to true. When corner coasting is enabled, edge scrolling can continue as long as the finger stays in a corner. Coasting begins when the finger enters the corner, and continues until the finger leaves the corner. CornerCoasting takes precedence over the seamless switch from edge scrolling to circular scrolling. That is, if CornerCoasting is active, scrolling will stop, and circular scrolling will not start, when the finger leaves the corner.
Noise cancellation
The synaptics has a built-in noise cancellation based on hysteresis. This means that incoming coordinates actually shift a box of predefined dimensions such that it covers the incoming coordinate, and only the boxes own center is used as input. Obviously, the smaller the box the better, but the likelyhood of noise motion coming through also increases.Trackstick mode
Trackstick emulation mode is entered when pressing the finger hard on the touchpad. The FingerPress parameter controls the minimum required finger pressure. If the finger hasn't moved more than MaxTapMove after MaxTapTime has elapsed, trackstick mode is entered. In this mode, moving the finger slightly in any direction gives a speed vector that moves the pointer. The TrackstickSpeed parameter controls the ratio between pointer speed and finger movement distance. Trackstick mode is exited when the finger pressure drops below FingerLow or when the finger is moved further than MaxTapMove away from the initial position.DEVICE PROPERTIES
Synaptics 1.0 and higher support input device properties if the driver is running on X server 1.6 or higher. On these driver versions, Option "SHMConfig" is not needed to enable run-time configuration. The synclient tool shipped with synaptics version 1.1 uses input device properties by default. Properties supported:- Synaptics Edges
-
32 bit, 4 values, left, right, top, bottom.
- Synaptics Finger
-
32 bit, 3 values, low, high, press.
- Synaptics Tap Time
-
32 bit.
- Synaptics Tap Move
-
32 bit.
- Synaptics Tap Durations
-
32 bit, 3 values, single touch timeout, max tapping time for double taps,
duration of a single click.
- Synaptics Tap FastTap
-
8 bit (BOOL).
- Synaptics Middle Button Timeout
-
32 bit.
- Synaptics Two-Finger Pressure
-
32 bit.
- Synaptics Two-Finger Width
-
32 bit.
- Synaptics Scrolling Distance
-
32 bit, 2 values, vert, horiz.
- Synaptics Edge Scrolling
-
8 bit (BOOL), 3 values, vertical, horizontal, corner.
- Synaptics Two-Finger Scrolling
-
8 bit (BOOL), 2 values, vertical, horizontal.
- Synaptics Move Speed
-
FLOAT, 4 values, min, max, accel, trackstick.
- Synaptics Edge Motion Pressure
-
32 bit, 2 values, min, max.
- Synaptics Edge Motion Speed
-
32 bit, 2 values, min, max.
- Synaptics Edge Motion Always
-
8 bit (BOOL).
- Synaptics Button Scrolling
-
8 bit (BOOL), 2 values, updown, leftright.
- Synaptics Button Scrolling Repeat
-
8 bit (BOOL), 2 values, updown, leftright.
- Synaptics Button Scrolling Time
-
32 bit.
- Synaptics Off
-
8 bit, valid values (0, 1, 2).
- Synaptics Locked Drags
-
8 bit (BOOL).
- Synaptics Locked Drags Timeout
-
32 bit.
- Synaptics Tap Action
-
8 bit, up to MAX_TAP values (see synaptics.h), 0 disables an element. order:
RT, RB, LT, LB, F1, F2, F3.
- Synaptics Click Action
-
8 bit, up to MAX_CLICK values (see synaptics.h), 0 disables an element.
order: Finger 1, 2, 3.
- Synaptics Circular Scrolling
-
8 bit (BOOL).
- Synaptics Circular Scrolling Distance
-
FLOAT.
- Synaptics Circular Scrolling Trigger
-
8 bit, valid values 0..8 (inclusive) order: any edge, top, top + right,
right, right + bottom, bottom, bottom + left, left, left + top.
- Synaptics Circular Pad
-
8 bit (BOOL).
- Synaptics Palm Detection
-
8 bit (BOOL).
- Synaptics Palm Dimensions
-
32 bit, 2 values, width, z.
- Synaptics Coasting Speed
-
FLOAT, 2 values, speed, friction.
- Synaptics Pressure Motion
-
32 bit, 2 values, min, max.
- Synaptics Pressure Motion Factor
-
FLOAT, 2 values, min, max.
- Synaptics Grab Event Device
-
8 bit (BOOL).
- Synaptics Gestures
-
8 bit (BOOL), 1 value, tap-and-drag.
- Synaptics Area
-
The AreaLeftEdge, AreaRightEdge, AreaTopEdge and AreaBottomEdge parameters are used to
define the edges of the active area of the touchpad. All movements, scrolling and tapping
which take place outside of this area will be ignored. This property is disabled by
default.
32 bit, 4 values, left, right, top, bottom. 0 disables an element.
- Synaptics Capabilities
-
This read-only property expresses the physical capability of the touchpad,
most notably whether the touchpad hardware supports multi-finger tapping and
scrolling.
8 bit (BOOL), 7 values (read-only), has left button, has middle button, has right button, two-finger detection, three-finger detection, pressure detection, and finger/palm width detection.
- Synaptics Pad Resolution
-
32 bit unsigned, 2 values (read-only), vertical, horizontal in units/millimeter.
NOTES
Configuration through InputClass sections is recommended in X servers 1.8 and later. See xorg.conf.d(5) for more details. An example xorg.conf.d snippet is provided in ${sourcecode}/conf/50-synaptics.confConfiguration through hal fdi files is recommended in X servers 1.5, 1.6 and 1.7. An example hal policy file is provided in ${sourcecode}/conf/11-x11-synaptics.fdi
If either of Protocol N'34'auto-devN'34' (default) or Protocol N'34'eventN'34' is used, the driver initializes defaults based on the capabilities reported by the kernel driver. Acceleration, edges and resolution are based on the dimensions reported by the kernel. If the kernel reports multi-finger detection, two-finger vertical scrolling is enabled, horizontal two-finger scrolling is disabled and edge scrolling is disabled. If no multi-finger capabilities are reported, edge scrolling is enabled for both horizontal and vertical scrolling. Tapping is disabled by default for touchpads with one or more physical buttons. To enable it you need to map tap actions to buttons. See the "TapButton1", "TapButton2" and "TapButton3" options.
Button mapping for physical buttons is handled in the server. If the device is switched to left-handed (an in-server mapping of physical buttons 1, 2, 3 to the logical buttons 3, 2, 1, respectively), both physical and TapButtons are affected. To counteract this, the TapButtons need to be set up in reverse order (TapButton1=3, TapButton2=1).
REMOVED OPTIONS
The following options are no longer part of the driver configuration:- Option N'34'RepeaterN'34' N'34'stringN'34'
- Option N'34'HistorySizeN'34' N'34'integerN'34'
- Option N'34'SpecialScrollAreaRightN'34' N'34'booleanN'34'
- Option N'34'GuestMouseOffN'34' N'34'booleanN'34'
-
AUTHORS
Peter Osterlund<EMAIL_ADDRESS>and many others.
SEE ALSO
Xorg(1), xorg.conf(5), Xserver(1), X(7), synclient(1), syndaemon(1)
Index
- NAME
- SYNOPSIS
- DESCRIPTION
- CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
- CONFIGURATION DETAILS
- DEVICE PROPERTIES
- NOTES
- REMOVED OPTIONS
- AUTHORS
- SEE ALSO
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:33:53 GMT, December 24, 2015