tc_policy module¶
This module is part of the nmeta suite running on top of Ryu SDN controller to provide network identity and flow (Traffic Classification - TC) metadata. It expects a file called “main_policy.yaml” to be in the config subdirectory containing properly formed YAML that conforms the the particular specifications that this program expects. See constant tuples at start of program for valid attributes to use.
-
class
tc_policy.
TrafficClassificationPolicy
(_config)¶ Bases:
object
This class is instantiated by nmeta.py and provides methods to ingest the policy file main_policy.yaml and check flows against policy to see if actions exist
-
check_policy
(pkt, dpid, inport)¶ Passed a packet-in packet, a Data Path ID (dpid) and an in port. Check if packet matches against any policy rules and if it does return the associated actions. This function is written for efficiency as it will be called for every packet-in event and delays will slow down the transmission of these packets. For efficiency, it assumes that the main policy is valid as it has been checked after ingestion or update. It also performs an additional function of gathering identity metadata
-
validate_policy
()¶ Check main policy to ensure that it is in correct format so that it won’t cause unexpected errors during packet checks.
-


About pyRT_DISORT¶
What it is¶
pyRT_DISORT is a collection of tools that helps make radiative transfer easier by streamlining many of the pre-processing steps needed to run a retrieval. You can combine the various tools here to make a streamlined retrieval script or you can use them to construct the aerosol properties from whatever info you have… or you can use them to convince a self-driving car company that their algorithm can work without computing the optical depth of a stop sign.
Philosophy¶
There are 2 major things I’m attempting to accomplish with pyRT_DISORT:
- Encapsulation
pyRT_DISORT is a collection of radiative transfer-based tools which are designed to be as independent as possible. It accomplishes this by encapsulating logic in classes. This should make it clear what the minimum requirements are for constructing the various pieces used in a retrieval.
- Speed
pyRT_DISORT attempts to leverage the readability of Python with the speed of C/FORTRAN. Computations are done using ndarrays whenever possible.
Papers using pyRT_DISORT¶
None yet.
If you use this code in your research, please consider acknowledging the use of this package in your paper. If you don’t that’s fine too, though it would be nice to add your work to the known papers pyRT_DISORT helped create.
Acknowledgement¶
This work was performed for the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, sponsored by the United States Government under Prime Contract NNN13D496T between Caltech and NASA under subcontract number 1511125.


Whitney Badge is a graphic designer based in NYC. She received a BFA in Communication Design from Parsons, and is fascinated by the role of semiotics as it relates to identity, space and interaction. Currently, she is freelancing with Team Oberman at Pentagram.


Guard alpacas protect Christmas turkeys from preying foxes
A farm in a Berkshire village has come up with a creative solution to predators savaging its poultry.
These vigilant alpacas have been given the important task of protecting bronze turkeys raised at the Copas family farm in Cookham.
They were first introduced in 2016 to protect 24,000 of the free range birds from being attacked in the night.
Before they came along 160 turkeys were killed in a single year, but the alpacas have since kept the death toll at zero.
The farm said: ‘We now have 10 beautiful boys at our farm and are on the lookout for more friends to join them.’
They might seem like an unusual choice of security guard, but Tom Copas, who owns the family business, says they’re used across the globe to fend off dogs and coyotes.
Advertisement Advertisement
He told the BBC: ‘We’ve always had dogs that keep the birds safe, but they can’t be on the ranges all the time, unlike the alpacas who stay there day and night.’
Tom says they also get on much more with their current protectors compared to canines.
After the birds were taken away last year, Copas Traditional Turkeys e-commerce and marketing manager Simon Windsor told the Maidenhead Advertiser: ‘It’s a bit strange seeing them on their own now all the turkeys are gone, but they don’t seem too lonely.’


The most common way to define directive in html code is as follows:
<nvd3 options="options"
data="data"
config="config"
events="events"
api="api"
on-ready="callback"></nvd3>
options
and data
are required attributes and used as above, the others are optional.
$scope.config = {
visible: true, // default: true
extended: false, // default: false
disabled: false, // default: false
refreshDataOnly: true, // default: true
deepWatchOptions: true, // default: true
deepWatchData: true, // default: true
deepWatchDataDepth: 2, // default: 2
debounce: 10 // default: 10
};
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
| visible | true: boolean. Make chart visible/hidden. |
| extended | false: boolean. Allow to extend json options to the full json api and customize it.
By default, you can customize only the options that you set, the others will default. |
| disabled | false: boolean. Disable the chart to prevent unexpected changing. |
| refreshDataOnly | true: boolean. [since v1.0.3+ it's true by default]
Refresh chart with data only, and without refreshing the full directive. It is especially useful for real-time updated charts. |
| deepWatchOptions | true: boolean. If true, directive watches for updating complex options. |
| deepWatchData | true: boolean. [since v1.0.4+ true by default; previous v1.0.2, v1.0.3 is false by default]
If true, directive uses scope $watch for tracking the data object.
If false, scope $watch is not used.
Change detection strategy is specified via deepWatchDataDepth config.
|
| deepWatchDataDepth | 2: number. [since v1.0.4+]
It's used if deepWatchData = true .
Specify a change detection strategy (scope $watch depth) for data:
|
| debounce | 10: number. Time silence to prevent refresh while multiple options changing at a time. |
<nvd3 options="options" data="data" config="{ extended: true, disabled: true }"></nvd3>
'someEvent1'
or 'someEvent2'
arised.
You can add this attribute and push event handlers right into directive like:
$scope.events = {
someEvent1: function(e, scope){
/* do smth, scope - is internal directive scope */
},
someEvent2: function(e, scope){
/* do smth, scope - is internal directive scope */
},
};
Then you can, for example, manually broadcast event like:
$scope.$broadcast('someEvent1');
This will trigger directive.
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| refresh() | Completely refresh directive. |
| update() | Update chart layout (for example if container is resized). [v0.1.0+] |
| refreshWithTimeout(t) | Completely refresh directive after specified timeout t . [v1.0.4+] |
| updateWithTimeout(t) | Update chart layout after specified timeout t . [v1.0.4+] |
| updateWithOptions(options) | Update chart with new options json. |
| updateWithData(data) | Update chart with new data json. |
| clearElement() | Clear completely directive element. |
| getScope() | Get access to the internal directive scope. For example, we can get chart object via $scope.api.getScope().chart . [v0.1.0+] |
| getElement() | Get directive DOM element. [v1.0.5+] |
$scope.api.refresh();
$scope.callback = function(scope, element){
// this code will be applied once directive has been created
// scope - is the directive internal scope
// element - directive DOM element
var api = scope.api;
var chart = scope.chart;
var svg = scope.svg;
// ... do smth
};


There are no optional modules for this programme
| Key |
| Core Module |
| Autumn Semester | Spring Semester |
|---|---|
| CMT301 - Business & IT Management | |
| CMT306 - Secure Applications, Identity & Trust | |
| CMT105 - Security Techniques | CMT104 - Information, Network & Cyber Security |
| CMT213 - Digital Forensics | CMT202 - Distribute & Cloud Computing |


What's the best transfer system?
50GB logs per day, 300M log lines
David Raila - Sr. Engineer NCSA Storage Group/Blue Waters
Vernacular and definitions
Patterns and Strategies
Issues to consider
Tools and their attributes
~ 30PB online storage
~ 300PB nearline storage
80 endpoint servers
>3 Tbps aggregate bandwidth
>1000 users/ 10-100 TB per-day
Users - transfer performance questions
Collaborators - performance investigations
Scale - monitoring 80 nodes @ 40Gbps is hard
Searching/correlating 50GB of logs - intractible
Drowning in production - no time to improve
Collect higher-order operational data
See what the system is doing visually
Enable Dashboards and automated alterting
Enable investigations into problems
More powerful than expected
Able to monitor in detail
Enable Dashboards and alerts
Enable investigations into problems
Became a daily-use go-to tool
Logs are an exact account of discrete events
- A bank statement is a log, precise/auditable
Metrics are sampled indicators of performance
- A credit score is a metric, an approximate indicator
Logs and Metrics are complimentary - use both
Resource metrics - apply the USE method
Utilization, Saturation, Error-rate
Service metrics - apply the RED method
Request-rate, Error-rate, Duration-of-request
Best of breed metrics system
Cloud Native Computing Foundation project
Golang implementation - efficient and easy
Single binary, no packaging or dependencies
Simple yaml configuration - 2 file deployment
Prometheus - Time Series Database + Query Language
Collectors - Tiny, specific, metrics collectors
100's for OS, DB's, filesystems, languages, logs ...
Grafana - Graphical Interface for navigation/drill-downs
Alert Manager - Automated alerts based on metrics
Primarily tiny tight efficient golang apps
You can observe a lot by just watching ...
A few metrics can provide a LOT of insight
Per DTN and summary endpoint performance
Per-transfer/per-user information
Some errors
Need to count globus events
No globus metrics endpoint, use syslogs
Mtail - a syslog scraper
Regexp line parsing
Converts fields to metrics/dimensions
const M_GRIDFTP_USER /USER=/ + /(?P/ + P_WORD + /)/
const M_GRIDFTP_TASKID /TASKID=/ + /(?P/ + P_UUID + /)/
const M_GRIDFTP_STATS /Transfer stats:/ + P_SP + M_GRIDFTP_DATE + P_ANY + M_GRIDFTP_START_TIME + P_SP + M_GRIDFTP_USER + P_ANY + M_GRIDFTP_BUFFER + P_SP + M_GRIDFTP_BLOCK + P_SP + M_GRIDFTP_NBYTES + P_ANY + M_GRIDFTP_TYPE + P_ANY + M_GRIDFTP_TASKID + P_ENDLN
...
counter gridftp_transfer_type_sum by gridftp_type
counter gridftp_xfer_count by hostname, gridftp_pid, gridftp_user, gridftp_taskid, gridftp_type
counter gridftp_xfer_bytes_count by hostname, gridftp_user, gridftp_taskid, gridftp_type
...
// + M_GRIDFTP_STATS {
debug["gridftp_xferstats_count"]++
gridftp_transfer_type_sum[$gridftp_type]++
gridftp_transfers_sum++
gridtp_bytes_transferred_sum[$gridftp_type] += $gridftp_nbytes
}
So simple - url to mtail(s)
Scrape globus collector(s) every 15s
Gives 30 sec visibility - Nyquist
Tell it where prometheius URL
Drag/drop tools onto screens
Add some queries to get the data
Save/share the elements/dashboard
Scraping logs is OK
Limited by what's logged
Detailed GCS metrics would be powerful
Will be very important - move to components
GO + Jenkins workflow performance monitor
Verify GO functionality and performance with a realistic test
Jenkins manages builds, periodicity, flags failures, alerts
GO python SDK script drives the workflow
create Jira issues automatically with GO task/event details
Catches improper useabuse of BW Globus endpoints
https://github.com/ncsa
https://prometheus.io/
https://github.com/google/mtail
https://github.com/google/mtail
https://github.com/google/mtail


Early Black Friday Deals: Nomad taking up to 70% off site-wide right now
by Cody LeeHeads up, our friends over at Nomad are kicking off their Black Friday sale early. Starting today, you can get up to 70% off everything from iPhone cases to Apple Watch bands, wireless charging pads, and much more. We’ve got all the details and a roundup of our favorite deals below.
Note: there’s no promo code or anything, everything is already marked down. The promotion is good through Monday, December 2, but many items are expected to sell out quickly, so don’t hesitate to grab something you like.
70% off
- iPhone 7/8 Cases – $11-$15
- iPhone X cases – $11-$15
- Tri Folio Cases iPhone XR, XS, XS Max – $23.95
- Lightning Cables – $6-$10
50% off
- V1 AirPods case – $15
- Various XS, XS Max, XR Cases – $25-$35
- Pixel 3 cases – $25
- Battery Cable – $25
- Nomad Key – $12.50
- Stand for Apple Watch – $19.95
- Rugged Strap for Apple Watch – $24.95
30% off
- Stainless and Titanium Bands for Apple Watch – $83.95 – $139.95
- Slim Modern Straps – Black or Natural Leather – $48.95
- Tesla Charger – $69.95
- Wireless Stand – $41.95
20% off
- Kevlar Cables
- iPhone 11 series cases
- Pixel 4 cases
- Wireless chargers


Version History¶
Note
All versions of documentation are left in the condition in which they were generated. At times, the navigation may look different than expected.
In an effort to keep history of all the documentation for SnakeMD, we’ve included all old versions below as follows:
- v0.5.0
Added favicon to docs (#26)
Added mass URL verification function to Paragraph class (#27)
Expanded testing to ensure code works as expected
Changed behavior of insert_link() to mimic str.replace() (#19)
Added a replace method to Paragraph (#27)
Added plausible tracking to latest version of docs (#25)
- v0.4.1
Added support for Python logging library (#22)
Expanded support for strings in the Header, Paragraph, and MDList classes
Fixed an issue where Paragraphs would sometimes render unexpected spaces (#23)
Added GitHub links to version history page
Added support for column alignment on tables (#4)
Fixed issue where tables sometimes wouldn’t pretty print properly (#5)
- v0.2.0 [#17]
Added support for horizontal rules
Added automated testing through PyTest and GitHub Actions
Added document verification services
Added documentation link to README as well as info about installing the package
Fixed table of contents single render problem
Added a feature which allows users to insert links in existing paragraphs
- v0.1.0
Added support for links, lists, images, tables, code blocks, and quotes
Added a table of contents feature


Provides spatially balanced designs from a set of (contiguous) potential sampling locations in a study region. Accommodates , without detrimental effects on spatial balance, sites that the researcher wishes to include in the survey for reasons other than the current randomisation (legacy sites).
| Version: | 1.0.79 |
| Imports: | mgcv, geometry, randtoolbox, mvtnorm, stats, class |
| Suggests: | fields, graphics, knitr, spsurvey |
| Published: | 2017-10-30 |
| Author: | Scott D. Foster |
| Maintainer: | Scott Foster <scott.foster at csiro.au> |
| License: | GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)] |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| In views: | ExperimentalDesign, OfficialStatistics |
| CRAN checks: | MBHdesign results |
| Reference manual: | MBHdesign.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
Spatially-Balanced Design with Legacy Sites |
| Package source: | MBHdesign_1.0.79.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: MBHdesign_1.0.79.zip, r-release: MBHdesign_1.0.79.zip, r-oldrel: MBHdesign_1.0.79.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: MBHdesign_1.0.79.tgz, r-oldrel: MBHdesign_1.0.79.tgz |
| Old sources: | MBHdesign archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=MBHdesign to link to this page.


Add payment processing to one of the following types of applications:
Accept payments on your website from customers, including:


Ocean [ag02], ocean, in Crystal Sea
Last updated Turn #138
Ocean [ag02], ocean, in Crystal Sea
------------------------------------------------------------------------
12: Sirocco Traveller [ja8y], ship, 10 hulls, 1 rowing port, 30 sails,
12: 4% damaged, arrived from Ocean [ag01], owner:
12: Toulouse [h1q], Pen, with one peasant, one worker, 32 sailors,
12: accompanied by:
12: Audrey [j9v], Pen, with 38 lt. xbowmen, three skirmishers,
12: three riding horses
12: Cindy [z1c], Pen, with 26 pikemen
12: Herbal Harriet [w3d], refugee, prisoner
12: Old man [hn0y], refugee, prisoner
13: Sirocco Traveller [ja8y], ship, 10 hulls, 1 rowing port, 30 sails,
13: 4% damaged, departed for Ocean [af02].
Routes leaving Ocean:
North, to Ocean [af02], 6 days
East, to Ocean [ag03], 6 days
South, to Ocean [ah02], 6 days
West, to Ocean [ag01], 6 days


We're sorry but Apoe4 doesn't work properly without JavaScript enabled. Please enable it to continue.


Enumerable Methods
Enumerable#group_by
2/3/2016
Group_by is a powerful enumberable Ruby method. It allows us to break up a collection like a hash or an array based on criteria that we set up. Let's take a real world example to see how this enumerable method might be able to help us out!
This weekend is the Super Bowl and I'm having a party. Last year, my party was a bit of a mess. It was a potluck style party but we all ended up making similar dishes. As a result, between 12 guests, I had four taco dips, five cases of Bud Light and a buffalo chicken dip. As much as I love dips and beer, I was hoping this year, we would have more variety when it came to snacks. Unfortunately, my friends are not very decisive and when I asked what they would be bringing, I got a lot of "I'll figure it out" or "Whatever you want." This year, I'm going to assign everyone a category and I'm going to do it in Ruby using group_by!
In the example below, I'm starting out with an array of my friends. After last year, I don't want to leave anything to chance. Sure I could easily break up this large array into smaller arrays but after last year, I feel like I really need to give my friends more guidence on what to make. So I'm thinking I'll want to break my friends up into smaller groups but I'll want to break them up into keys. I don't want anyone to think I'm playing favorites so I'm also going to use a random number operator in my code as well. This way, I will randomly assign my friends to categories. Here's the input:
Below, you'll see the output. The program is taking the array and breaking it down into hash keys as our food categories and then using a random number generator to assign my friends to those categories.
Now I've solved my problem! I've been able to use the group_by enumberable Ruby method to take an array of my friends and then break them into random groups assigned to hash keys!


The Financial Fix is not a registered or certified financial advisor, nor is The Financial Fix associated with a certified financial advisor. There are risks associated with investing in securities, exchange traded funds, mutual funds, money market funds, stocks, bonds, and any other investment methods or strategies discussed on The Financial Fix. All investments include the possibility of loss, as there are risks associated with investing in the stock market. Content on The Financial Fix is written for informative purposes, and The Financial Fix does not guarantee profit from any given strategy discussed on this website. The Financial Fix is not liable/responsible for any of your financial losses.


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You are viewing an historical archive of past issues. Please
report new issues to the appropriate project issue tracker on
GitHub.
Comments
-
Greg Hurrell
Ok, on inspection, I see that in Rails 2 a CSS class,
fieldWithErrors
, is applied to fields with validation errors.In Rails 3, the class has been changed to
field_with_errors
.So all I need to do is edit my CSS to get the old behavior back.
I think I'm going to add some JS magic as well to display the errors in a tool tip or similar right on the field.
-
Greg Hurrell
Summary changed:
- From: Rails 3: add back "decoration" to forms to show validation errors
- To: Add JavaScript-based "decoration" (tool tips) to forms to show validation errors
-
Greg Hurrell
Kind changed:
- From: bug
- To: feature request
Add a comment
Comments are now closed for this issue.


If you're just looking to set up a Camlistore server and use it yourself, check out our getting started guide. The documents below go into more detail on customizing the high level configuration for use such as alternative blob storage or synchronization to cloud storage.
If you want to help the development of Camlistore or just want to know more about the how and why behind Camlistore, these docs are the going to help you get started. Something we didn't cover here that you're interested in? Ask on the mailing list.


JaCoCo - Java Code Coverage Library
JaCoCo is a free Java code coverage library distributed under the Eclipse Public License. Check http://www.jacoco.org/jacoco for updates and feedback.
This is the distribution of version <IP_ADDRESS>910111838 created on 2019/10/11 based on commit 17df174ff5aeeb876fdbc6f59e78d687243f5073.
Contents
The JaCoCo distribution contains the following libraries in the
./lib
folder:
| File | OSGi Bundle | Description | Dependencies |
| jacocoagent.jar | no | Java agent for execution data recording | - (all dependencies included) |
| jacocoant.jar | no | JaCoCo Ant tasks | Ant (all other dependencies included) |
| jacococli.jar | no | JaCoCo Command Line Interface | - (all dependencies included) |
| org.jacoco.agent_<IP_ADDRESS>910111838.jar | yes | JaCoCo agent | - |
| org.jacoco.core_<IP_ADDRESS>910111838.jar | yes | JaCoCo core | ASM |
| org.jacoco.report_<IP_ADDRESS>910111838.jar | yes | JaCoCo reporting | org.jacoco.core, ASM |
| org.jacoco.ant_<IP_ADDRESS>910111838.jar | yes | JaCoCo Ant tasks | org.jacoco.core, org.jacoco.agent, org.jacoco.report, ASM, Ant |
All libraries as well as the the JaCoCo Maven plug-in are also available from the Maven repository.


Thank you for participating in our IQP Study. Please enter your name, WPI email, and the participant number you were given before you begin the study.
If you ever have any questions please feel free to reach out to us at any time at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>--
David Allen, Jeremy Campo, Evin Ugur, Henry Wheeler-Mackta
You are registered.


energy .Ga electron °C beta electrons photodiode detector X-ray noise particle radioisotope temperature current layer capacitance spectrometer used {border-style number source spectrum device px;} #ffffff;} shaping keV surface GaAs reverse spectra spectrometers InGaP Phys. using . keV Barnett absorbed time charge high simulations Europa Monte Sci. Space bias preamplifier resolution Carlo Figure counting incident observed range spectroscopy temperatures °C, Lioliou counts electron-hole illumination low measured pulse results shown simulated × ./. Fig. account dark detected different energies increased leakage particles percentage photodiodes px; semiconductor understanding {font-family eV Appl. JFET Nucl. accumulated contact creation detection emitted experimental font-size higher noise, processes radiation relative spectrometer’s study white °C. (). Butera Mercury active covered double; function induced low-noise material obtained pair photon planetary point room similar spectroscopic studied temperature, thickness use (e.g. (the Energetic FWHM Fano Instrum. MBq Ohmic Ortec Particle SiC Spectrometer TO- University amplifier analysed border-color border-width chosen compared contribution count dead depletion detectors diode direct dry environment example, expected information input measurements mesa noted optimum order package peak performance pile rms science solid; source, space water {font-style {font-weight (empty (filled -i-n ./j.nima... ./j.pss... ./s--- Commons Creative Electron Europa’s However, Inst. Jupiter Krysa Methods Plasma Science Table Temperature Whitaker absorption applied bandgap biases bold capacitance, charge-sensitive circles), connected considered courier; deposited detector’s diameter did directly effects electronic electronics em; end environments experimentally explained generated given good important inactive included increasing inside instrumentation interaction interactions itself lower mission ocean predicted pt;} radiolytic rate ref. reflect region relatively reported series shows soft solar source. spectrometer. squares), temperatures, temperatures. type zero-energy keV.


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|
Rover
1.0.0
school project
|
Inherits Initializable.
Classes | |
| class | RoverOutcomeCommands |
Public Member Functions | |
| void | initialize (URL location, ResourceBundle resources) |
| void | handleSubmit () |
| void | handleZoomIn () |
| void | handleZoomOut () |
| void | handleInfo () |
Static Public Member Functions | |
| static void | receiveMessage (String input) |
| static void | loadMainScene () throws IOException |
This class holds the logic behind the main scene.
| void com.masopust.ondra.java.gui.mainLayout.MainLayoutController.handleInfo | ( | ) |
The handleInfo method wraps code that is executed when the info button is pressed. The WebView with the info is brought to the front.
| void com.masopust.ondra.java.gui.mainLayout.MainLayoutController.handleSubmit | ( | ) |
The handleSubmit method wraps code that is executed if the submit button is pressed or enter is hit while in the console text input. The message in the input text field (if not empty String) is sent to the rover and written to the console output.
| void com.masopust.ondra.java.gui.mainLayout.MainLayoutController.handleZoomIn | ( | ) |
The handleZoomIn method wraps code that is executed when the zoom in button is pressed. The visualization in the center section is zoomed in to.
| void com.masopust.ondra.java.gui.mainLayout.MainLayoutController.handleZoomOut | ( | ) |
The handleZoomIn method wraps code that is executed when the zoom out button is pressed. The visualization in the center section is zoomed out of.
| void com.masopust.ondra.java.gui.mainLayout.MainLayoutController.initialize | ( | URL | location, |
| ResourceBundle | resources | ||
| ) |
|
static |
This method loads the main scene from MainLayout.fxml and sets the scene in the main stage.
| IOException |
|
static |
The receiveMessage method writes the given message to the console output in the main layout aligned to the left side.
| input | String that contains the message that is to be written to the console output |


A Discrete Approach to the Sum Over One Problem
January 9, 2018
Black Magic
Here is an astonishing true thing:
The average number of samples that must be drawn from a uniform distribution on before their sum exceeds one is equal to Euler’sEuler’s number, also know as Napier’s constant, was actually discovered by the Swiss mathematician Jacob Bernoulli during his studies of compound interest. It’s value is approximately 2.718281828. It is the basis of natural logarithms and curiously ubiquitous in mathematics. number, .
I first learned of this fact via a Tweet from @fermatslibrary, and it was a genuine shock. How in the world does Euler’s number emerge, for no apparent reason, in response to this innocuous question of probability? Can this even be true? And if it is, as I. I. Rabi famously saidRabi had other good, quotes, too: “My mother made me a scientist without ever intending to. Every other Jewish mother in Brooklyn would ask her child after school: So? Did you learn anything today? But not my mother. “Izzy,” she would say, “did you ask a good question today?” That difference — asking good questions — made me become a scientist.” of the discovery of the muon, “Who ordered that?!”.
And yet it is true, provably true, and somewhat well-known. Attached to that Tweet is an elegant (if terse) proof. Neal Grantham, who terms this the sum over one problem, takes a rather more direct approach, but arrives at the same delightful conclusion.
These proofs do not fail to convince, but I find them somehow viscerally unsatisfying. They offer little insight into why suddenly appears, in terms of anything else we know about . Of course assumes many guises, but it is perhaps most famously understood as the following limitFor an excellent overview of e, I recommend e: The Story of a Number, by Eli Maor. The number has a rich and fascinating history, which touches the lives of many great mathematicians. :
The proofs above fail to inform me who ordered that.
So how does the of Eq. make contact with our question of probability? I wondered if exploring a discrete version of the problem might demystify ’s bolt-from-the-blue arrival. This article chronicles these explorations and provides a more organicAccording to me. explanation for understanding of why is the obvious—or at least plausible—answer.
Alea Iacta Est
Here is the discrete version of the game. We roll an -sided die
until the cumulative sum of the throws exceeds .
Dice. These dice have six sides each, but
we’ll be considering here the more general problem of n-sided dice.  This problem is at once
easier to conceptualize than its continuous counterpart, because it is
discrete, and much more difficult to actually calculate—because it is discrete.
Let be the random variable corresponding to the number of times we must throw the die until the sum of the throws first exceeds , the number of sides on the die. Ultimately we want to find the probability distribution — the probability that the sum of our throws first exceeds after exactly throws — because once we know this, computing the expected value of is straightforward via the usual definition:
Note the limits of summation: we’re running from to . There is zero chance of exceeding on the first roll; the best we can do there is itself. On the other hand, the sum is guaranteed to exceed after rolls, because each roll generates, at minimum, a value of oneNote that although the probability of this sum exceeding n on roll n+1 is unity, that’s not what we’re calculating. We’re calculating the probability that the sum first exceeds n on that roll, and not before, which will be less than one. .
Let represent the random variable corresponding to the roll. The key to calculating is to realize that it must equal the difference between the following probabilities:
But note that,
Using Eq. and Eq. , we can write as,
And now we have only to calculate the probability that the sum of throws is less than or equal to .
Counting Is Hard
We assume that the throws are independent events, so the possible outcomes are equally likely. But to compute the probability, we must know, of these outcomes, how many satisfy ? If we call this number , then the probability is,
So the problem, then, is to compute for arbitrary and .
To find , let’s first answer a slightly easier question: how many outcomes will sum to exactly using integers?
One way to attack this problem is to write out as the sum of
ones (which sum is guaranteed, of course, to sum to ),
and then consider how many ways we can partition those ones into different
groups. This is illustrated in the figure to the right, for the case of
and
The number of ways we can sum to six via two
positive integers is the number of ways we can select one plus sign from among
the five plus signs in the equation 6 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1, if we regard the
selected plus sign as partitioning the sum into two pieces. The sum to the left
of the selected plus sign represents one number, and the sum to the right of
that plus sign represents the other. If we wanted to sum to exactly six using
three numbers, we’d find the number of ways to select two plus signs from the
five available; and so on.. It is easy to see that the partitioning is
equivalent to asking, “How many ways can I select one plus sign from the five
plus signs?” On the other hand, if we were to ask, how many ways are there to
sum to six using three positive integers, we’d want to calculate how
many ways we can select two plus signs from those five plus signs, and so
forth. This question is answered, in general, using combinations.
Recall that a combination is a selection of items from a collection such that the order of the selection does not matter. The number of ways in which one may select items from among available items is given by,
By this argument we see that, in general, the number of ways we can sum to exactly using positive integers, which we’ll denote as , is given by,
Using a six-sided die, for example, the number of ways we can sum to six with two throws is given by,
Note that the five corresponds to the number of possibilities enumerated in the example to the right. This all seems to hang together.
But Eq. requires the total number of outcomes whose sum is less than or equal to . That number will equal the sum the the number of ways we can reach for all :
where in the last step we’ve used the so-called hockey-stick identity of combinations.
This is a delightfully simple resultDelightful, but hardly surprising. Most interesting counting problems wend their way back to Pascal’s triangle eventually, it seems. that allows us to compute the probability of interest:
And this, in turn, allows us to calculate the probability in Eq. , . Using Eq. and ,
And now finally, we’re in a position to compute via Eq. .
But, well, after all these perambulations, we might wonder if we’ve made a mistake. In these cases, it is prudent to turn to numerical simulation to verify our analytic results. Let’s check our sanity by verifying Eq. by way of simulation. We do this by simulating our die throwing experiment in Python using a synthetic die with sides, and compare the empirically measured probabilities with our theoretically calculated results, via Eq. . The results of this, for simulated rounds, is presented in the figure below:
Now that we’ve convinced ourselves that we are correctly computing the probability , we are finally in a position to calculate the expectation we’re after.
Great Expectations
Before computing , let’s rearrange Eq. to make it a bit simpler. Note that with a little algebra we can write,
This allows us to write Eq. , with yet a bit more algebra, as,
Multiplying by and summing, as per Eq. , we obtain,
And there we are. For a die with sides we can now compute the expected number of throws we’ll need to exceed . What do we expect for a six-sided die? For , Eq. yields,
a number that is decidedly not Not that we’d expect it to be, of course; rational numbers tend never to be irrational. . But, interestingly, neither is it too far off. Let’s consider a die with more sides, say, :
Even closer! Intrigued by these observations, let’s keep increasing the number of sides on our die. If we continue calculating the expectation for ever higher values of , we generate the following plot:
It appears that, as we let increase, the expected number of throws required for the sum to exceed converges to a number — and that number, empirically at least, appears to be . But can we prove it? Sure we can.
Let’s write out Eq. in all its glory,
Now consider the case where . The above expression simplifies,
And now note that we can change the lower limit of the summation; rather than starting at , we can start at , provided we replace all the terms that appear in our summand with . Doing this we obtain,
where, again, this holds for . This may begin to look familiar. In particular, recall the binomial theorem, which states that,
In our present situation, letting , we can write our expectation as,
And we’ve recovered the definition of Euler’s number, à la Eq. !
Here is where I find emerge organically, in a sense. For all finite values of , the expectation is a rational number. But as the number of sides increases, the combinatorics of how the throws can sum to exceed evolves in just the right way such that—as gets really large—it starts to converge to the binomial expansion of , which in the limit turns out to be exactly the definition of . And for my part, at least, I can start to see a glimmer of an answer to that primal question: who ordered that?Of course, you might argue, the other proofs I’ve cited could be brought to this same point—the binomial expansion could ultimately be reconstructed from those calculations as well. Certainly, I’d agree, they must all be equivalent at some level, but seeing the binomial theorem emerge directly from the combinatorics of die throws and lead to the very definition of Euler’s constant makes me feel happy inside.
From Discrete Back to Continuous
As heads off to infinity, our discrete problem becomes equivalent to the original, continuous problem introduced at the start. To better see the equivalence, note we can map the discrete problem onto the unit interval, as in the following illustration.
Rather than considering an -sided die, we partition the unit interval into subintervals. At each step, we then sample a number uniformly from the interval , and select as our value the uppermost limit of whatever subinterval the sample falls into. We continue to select values in this manner until their sum exceeds one, just as in the original formulation of the problem—but now we’re working in the context of a discrete problem. And now, as , discrete meets continuous, and by the arguments advanced above, we’ve proven the original assertion.


Walked at my mug's resonnance frequency
Bumped into a door frame mug first
Drinking execution functions failed
Put my mug back into my bag with coffee still in it
Reached for a cookie but mistook my mug for the cookie box
Gesticulated enthusiastically
Dropped the milk carton


--- layout: post title: Erlang makes it easy to parallelize our programs. date: 2007-06-22 08:28:01.000000000 +02:00 type: post published: true status: publish categories: - coding - quotes - ruby tags: [] meta: _publicize_job_id: '14401150738' original_post_id: '121' _wp_old_slug: '121' author: login: joesixpack email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: dirk lüsebrink first_name: '' last_name: '' ---
In Erlang, there is no mutable state, -> there is no shared memory, -> and there are no locks. This makes it easy to parallelize our programs.
starting to love it.
Technorati Tags: erlang, concurrent, threads, pragmaticprogrammer


PENSIL
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Offline WPS PIN Companion from Router Scan. Uses known algorithms, does not use database. Implemented algorithms (choose for info):
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Online 3WiFi WPS PIN generator. Takes advantage of collected data in the database, detects linear sequences, static PIN codes, and other algorithms. |


Real Madrid ready to pair Luka Jovic with nine-figure transfer fee in order to land global superstar
by Lorenzo MartínReal Madrid are ready to include summer arrival Luka Jovic in a huge player-plus-cash transfer offer for PSG and France superstar Kylian Mbappe.
According to Don Balon, Mbappe has emerged as the Spanish giants’ no.1 transfer target after the club’s interest in Neymar slowly died out, and now, it seems like the club are ready to go all in to land the Frenchman’s signature before anyone else.
As also stated in the report, Los Blancos are ready to offer Luka Jovic plus a fee between €200M and €250M for Mbappe, as they look to land one of the world’s leading superstars.
Jovic has failed to hit the ground running since his move to the Spanish capital from Eintracht Frankfurt this summer just gone, and now, it seems like his spell with the club could already be coming to an end.
The Serb has only managed to bag once for Zidane’s side thus far despite playing a part in 11 games in all competitions, an awful return for a player who was hyped up so much following his transfer in the summer.
Given how poor he’s been for Real so far, we’re sure their fanbase won’t mind them including Jovic in a deal for Mbappe as long as it increased their side’s chances of landing the Frenchman.
Mbappe has all the credentials to win many a Ballon D’Or in the future, thus it’s easy to see why Los Blancos are so willing to fork out loads in order to bring him to the Santiago Bernabeu in the near future.


an experience designer at Wells Fargo.
Hi! I'm an experience designer working at Wells Fargo on the Fargo/AI Team. I graduated from Carnegie Mellon University in 2020 pursuing a B.S in Information Systems and minors in both Human Computer Interactions and Global Systems and Management.
In my few months at Wells Fargo, I've worked on visual ideation, animations, prototyping, conversational analysis, design systems, and defining northstar visions. As a leader designer, my goal is not just to complete the feature but also analyze the journey to present to leadership.
When I'm not wrapped around my laptop, I'm either dancing or exploring. I have a taste for the creative, and my passions make me the person I am now. Please explore.
Hi! I'm an experience designer working at Wells Fargo on the Fargo/AI Team. I graduated from Carnegie Mellon University in 2020 pursuing a B.S in Information Systems and minors in both Human Computer Interactions and Global Systems and Management.
In my few months at Wells Fargo, I've worked on visual ideation, animations, prototyping, conversational analysis, design systems, and defining northstar visions. As a leader designer, my goal is not just to complete the feature but also analyze the journey to present to leadership.
When I'm not wrapped around my laptop, I'm either dancing or exploring. I have a taste for the creative, and my passions make me the person I am now. Please explore.


mpeg2desc(1) mpeg2desc(1) NAME mpeg2desc — multiplex audio/video streams SYNOPSIS mpeg2desc [-a stream] [-v stream] [-o FILE] [-s ] [-m ] [-h ] [< movie.mpg ...] DESCRIPTION mpeg2desc multiplexes audio and video streams OPTIONS -a stream Output audio stream to stdout -v stream Output video stream to stdout -o FILE output the previous stream to FILE instead of stdout -s skip to first valid header -- ensures mplex can handle output -m output mplex offset to stdout -h show short help USAGE mpeg2desc mpeg2desc [options] < movie.mpg CAVEATS None. BUGS None. AUTHOR Marc Leeman This manual page was written by Marc Leeman <marc.lee‐<EMAIL_ADDRESS>for the Debian GNU/Linux system (but may be used by oth‐ ers). mpeg2desc(1)


These are the fundamental notes on Bash. How to navigate the directories and many other essential skills.
These are the fundamental notes on Bash. How to navigate the directories and many other essential skills.
These are the fundamental notes on Bash. How to navigate the directories and many other essential skills.


⏱ 8 minutes
Jsx
JSX is a JavaScript syntax extension that resembles HTML and XML. React code written in JSX mirrors the HTML it produces, improving readability and ease-of-development.
Consider the following example in JSX and then in JS.
// JSX
const quotes = (

I love JavaScript!

);
// plain JavaScript
const quotes = React.createElement(
"div",
{ className: "quotes" },
React.createElement("h1", {}, "I love Javascript")
);
Both blocks of code ultimately produce the same HTML:

I love JavaScript!

and are rendered onto the document.body
using:
ReactDOM.render(quotes, document.body);
In both examples, the variable quotes
is assigned to a React component that renders the HTML onto the page when passed to ReactDOM.render(quotes, document.body)
. However, the example using JSX is much simpler and easier to read.
Even though it looks like HTML, JSX is still Javascript at the core. As such, you can interpolate plain Javascript into JSX using {}
between element tags or for attribute values.
let myClass = "example";
const myElement =
{1 + 2 + 3}
;
myElement
renders as:

6

Note that, because the return value is inserted into your element, only single expressions are allowed.
For example, this block of code throws a SyntaxError
.
const myElement = (

{
1 + 2 + 3;
4 + 5 + 6;
}

);
JSX cannot be directly interpreted by browsers like Chrome or Firefox. Instead, JSX code must be passed through a preprocessor, such as Babel
, that transpiles it into vanilla Javascript.
Although we’ll only use JSX for developing React components, it can actually be used in other applications as well. You can read more about JSX here.
Did you find this lesson helpful?


(Defined in: jpgraph_gantt.php : 331)
Class usage and Overview
Create a Gantt graph. The Gantt graph can then be built up by adding activity bars and milestones.
See also related classes:
GanttBar, GanttVLine and MileStone
Class Methods
Add a new Gantt object
| Argument | Default | Description |
|
$aObject
| | Gantt plot object |
Description:
Add a gantt object to the graph. A gantt object is an instance of either:
- GanttBar
- MileStone
- GanttVLine
$vline = new GanttVLine("2002-02-28");
$vline->title->Set("2002-02-28");
$vline->title->SetFont(FF_FONT1,FS_BOLD,10);
$graph->Add($vline);
A utility function to help create the Gantt charts
| Argument | Default | Description |
|
$data
| | Gantt bar specification (See below) |
|
$constrains
|
array()
| Constrain specification (see below) |
|
$progress
|
array()
| Progress specification (see below) |
Description:
For a simple Gantt graphs this will simplify it's creation. The idea is that this method accepts a number of data arrays which specifies the activities in the Gantt graph.
Description of arguments
- $data. Specifies the basic type of activity. Eac entry is an array with the following content:
- Row where activity whould be
- Type of activity, can be one of ACTYPE_NORMAL, ACTYPE_GROUP, ACTYUPE_MILESTONE
- Activity title
- Start date
- End date
- Caption text
- $constrains. Specifies potential constrain links between activities each entry is an array with the following content
- From activity (specified by row)
- To activity (specified by row)
- Constrain type, (e.g CONSTRAIN_ENDSTART)
- $progress. Specify a potential progress bar for each activity. Each entry is an array with the following content
- Activity specification (by row)
- Progress as a fraction in the range [0,1]
See also:
$data = array(
array(0,ACTYPE_GROUP, "Phase 1", "2001-10-26","2001-11-23",''),
array(1,ACTYPE_NORMAL, " Label 2", "2001-10-26","2001-11-16",''),
array(2,ACTYPE_NORMAL, " Label 3", "2001-11-20","2001-11-22",''),
array(3,ACTYPE_MILESTONE," Phase 1 Done", "2001-11-23",'M2') );
// The constrains between the activities
$constrains = array(array(1,2,CONSTRAIN_ENDSTART),
array(2,3,CONSTRAIN_STARTSTART));
$progress = array(array(1,0.4));
// Create the basic graph
$graph = new GanttGraph();
$graph->title->Set("Example with grouping and constrains");
// Setup scale
$graph->ShowHeaders(GANTT_HYEAR | GANTT_HMONTH | GANTT_HDAY | GANTT_HWEEK);
$graph->scale->week->SetStyle(WEEKSTYLE_FIRSTDAYWNBR);
// Add the specified activities
$graph->CreateSimple($data,$constrains,$progress);
// .. and stroke the graph
$graph->Stroke();
Specify date range for Gantt chart.
| Argument | Default | Description |
|
$aStart
| | Start date |
|
$aEnd
| | End date |
Description:
Specify the date range for Gantt graphs. If this is not set it will be automtically determined from the input data.
All gantt chart objects, like bar activities, will be clipped to the spcified date range should they happen to be wider then the specified range.
The date is specified as a normal date string according to the chosen locale.
$graph->SetDateRange('2001-11-22','2002-1-24');
Set margin vertical factor.
| Argument | Default | Description |
|
$aVal
| | Margin factor |
Description:
Specify the fraction of the font height that should be added as vertical margin between the labels.
$ganttgraph->SetLabelVMarginFactor(0.7);
Specify font for simplified Gantt graph
| Argument | Default | Description |
|
$aFont
| | Font family |
|
$aSize
| | Font size |
Description:
Specify font for simplified Gantt graph constructed with CreateSimple
See also:
$ganttgraph->SetSimpleFont(FF_FONT2);
Specify style parameters for graphs constructed with CreateSimple
| Argument | Default | Description |
|
$aBand
| | Patern style |
|
$aColor
| | Pattern color |
|
$aBkgColor
| | Pattern background color |
Description:
Specify looks for bars in Gantt graph when the gantt chart is created with CreateSimple.
The pattern style can be one of
- GANTT_RDIAG, Right diagonal lines
- GANTT_LDIAG, Left diagonal lines
- GANTT_SOLID, Solid one color
- GANTT_LVERT, Vertical lines
- GANTT_LHOR, Horizontal lines
- GANTT_VLINE, Vertical lines
- GANTT_HLINE, Horizontal lines
- GANTT_3DPLANE, A 3D plane
- GANTT_HVCROSS, Crosses
- GANTT_DIAGCROSS, Diagonal crosses
See also:
$ganttgraph->SetSimpleStyle(GANTT_SOLID,'orange','orange');
Specify the margin factor for lines in the gantt graph
| Argument | Default | Description |
|
$aVal
| | Vertical margin factor |
Description:
Specify the margin factor for lines in the Gantt graph. A factor of 1 makes each line take just as much space as it needs. A factor of 1.5 makes it 1.5 linmes apart and a factor of 2 makes it double-line spacing and so on.
Hint: When using icon in titles it is usually a good idea to use a margin factor > 1
See also:
$graph->SetVMarginFactor(2);
// Set user specified scale zoom factor when auto sizing is used
| Argument | Default | Description |
|
$aZoom
| | No description available |
Description:
No description available.
Determine what headers/scales to display.
| Argument | Default | Description |
|
$aFlg
| | Logic OR of flags to specify what headers should be displayed. |
Description:
Specify what headers should be displayed on the Gantt charts. Possible headers are:
- GANTT_HYEAR
- GANTT_HMONTH
- GANTT_HWEEK
- GANTT_HDAY
- GANTT_HHOUR
- GANTT_HMIN
To specify multiple header you just bitwise OR the wanted number of headers together.
// Show all headers
$graph->ShowHeaders(GANTT_HYEAR | GANTT_HMONTH | GANTT_HDAY | GANTT_HWEEK);
Internal. Stroke the gantt chart.
| Argument | Default | Description |
|
$aStrokeFileName
|
""
| Filename to stroke image to |
Description:
Internal. Stroke the gantt chart. If a filename is specified then the graph will be stroked to that file and will not be sent back to the browser.
This should as usual be the last method called in your script.
See also:
$ganttgraph->Stroke();
Description:
No description available.
Create a new GanttGraph
| Argument | Default | Description |
|
$aWidth
|
0
| Width of graph |
|
$aHeight
|
0
| Height of graph |
|
$aCachedName
|
""
| Filename to use if cache is enables |
|
$aTimeOut
|
0
| Timeout in minutes |
|
$aInline
|
true
| True=Stream back to browser |
Description:
Construct a new GanttGraph. This differs slightly from the standard Graph or PlotGraph in that you are not required to specify width and height of the graph. Instead these can be left out and will be automatically be determined.
As a further refinement you can just specify width and have the height be automtically determined.
See also:
// Setup Gantt graph
$graph = new GanttGraph();
$graph->SetShadow();
$graph->SetBox();
// Only show part of the Gantt
$graph->SetDateRange('2001-11-22','2002-1-24');


descriptive
only - displayed in homekit apps. Changes are only recognized after readding the bridge in the
app.
A device with this name already exists. Please change
the name!
string to be used to group
devices within Yahka. Has no effect to HomeKit!
descriptive
only - displayed in some homekit apps
descriptive
only - displayed in some homekit apps
descriptive
only - displayed in some homekit apps
descriptive
only - displayed in some homekit apps
change
this if you have trouble with your bridge. needs to be in form of a mac address, e.g: d8:be:54:e7:06:f8.
After changing this field, the bridge needs to be reconfigured in the HomeKit database
needs to
be in the form of 123-45-678
Port 0 =
random free port assigned by the operation system (default)
true
= use bonjour-hap instead of avahi
true = use ciao instead of avahi, if your bridge is not detected
true
= redirect hap-node logging to adapter logging


This example demonstrates usage of the API based file picker and APIs
spec/conf/apiaccess.js must be configured for this example to work with API
choose an PNG file


--- layout: post title: Recent updates planned for OData.org date: 2014-02-25 03:04:39.000000000 +08:00 categories: - Site announcement tags: [] status: publish type: post published: true author: Yi Ding ---
Since the new OData.org site was published, we have received a lot of feedback. Most of those who have provided feedback want to contribute to the OData ecosystem by publishing their OData tools, asking about libraries which were shown on the old site, reporting bugs in the sample services, asking for content on the old site, and etc. We are very grateful to all the feedback because they help us be aware of how much people love OData and help us formulate our thoughts about the site reorganization.
Your advice and suggestions are all very much appreciated. The current new site you've seen is just a start. In the near future, we will bring back most of the useful content on the old site: blog posts, ecosystem contents, libraries, and so on. We will fix the bugs in the sample services and get them working properly.
Additionally, we would like to make OData.org a more collaborative site. That is to say, we will build submission forms for libraries, OData services, blog posts and more. We hope that this will encourage developers, users, and fans of OData to contribute to and to benefit from the OData ecosystem.
Thank you again for all of the feedback.


Meeting about new dashboard...
Cynthia Harvey, 3 min ago
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Copyright © 2020 Zigofly. All rights reserved. Zigofly Kenya Ltd.


Introduction
Measure pH
Characteristics
- PH range: 0 - 14
- Temperature range: -2 - 35C
- Interface: I2C
- Current use: ~10mA peak, low idle current ~1mA
- Voltage range: 3.3 - 5.5V
Connections
I2C Connections
Connection to the device is as follows:
| pH Probe Interface | Master device |
|---|---|
| GND | GND |
| SCL | SCL |
| SDA | SDA |
| VCC | 3.3 - 5V |
Temperature Probe Connections
The temperature probe is be connected as follows:
| pH Probe Interface | Temperature Probe |
|---|---|
| + | VCC (red) |
| D | Data (yellow) |
| - | GND (black) |
Getting Started
To start developing for the device, you need to install the library. Two are provided, one for the Arduino framework, and the other for python3 on the Raspberry Pi.
If you are using the Arduino IDE, you can go to the library manager (Sketch / Include Library / Manage Libraries…) and search for pH_Probe. Examples are included.
If you are using PlatformIO, you can install the library using the library manager (PlatformIO / PlatformIO Home / Libraries) and search for pH Probe. Examples are included.
On your Raspberry Pi, you can install the library with pip install phprobe
. Note, you may run into python 2/3 issues. If you get a module not found error, try installing with pip3 install phprobe
(replacing pip3 with the appropriate version if pip3 isn’t found). You can find an example at the library’s GitHub page. To access the library, from phprobe.phprobe import phprobe
and pH = phprobe(i2c_device)
.
The shell
Example
An interactive shell interface is provided with both frameworks and is a quick and easy way to get started using the device. You will find the equivalent commands in the code area to the right when applicable. Upload it to your master device and start a serial terminal. You will be presented with a >
prompt where you can enter commands and receive a response, similar to a shell command line or REPL. It is often quicker to experiment with things this way rather than rewriting, compiling, and uploading new versions every time.
Calibration
Single Point
#include <phProbe.h>
pH_Probe pH;
pH.calibrateSingle(7.0);
from phprobe.phprobe import phprobe
pH = phprobe(3)
pH.calibrateSingle(7.0)
cal 7.0
Single point calibration determines a percentage-difference between the measured pH and the pH passed to the calibrateSingle()
function. After calling it, the results are saved in the device’s EEPROM and used automatically.
Dual Point
Alternatively, you can use dual point calibration between two predesignated points. Two calibration solutions are required, the low and high values you expect to measure between.
pH.calibrateProbeLow(4.0); // after measurement, clean probe and place in high solution
pH.calibrateProbeHigh(7.0);
pH.calibrateProbeLow(4.0) # after measurement, clean probe and place in high solution
pH.calibrateProbeHigh(7.0)
low 4.0
high 7.0
- Determine the lowest and highest measurement you expect. For example, the lowest level you might measure would be pH 4.0 and the highest might be pH of 7.0. These points will be referred to as
referenceLow
andreferenceHigh
- Put the pH probe in a calibration solution at
referenceLow
and wait for readings to stabilize, callcalibrateProbeLow()
. Do the same for referenceHigh by calling ‘calibrateProbeHigh’. - By default, the device does not use dual points. A call to
useDualPoint()
must be made to enable it each time the device is powered.
You can also set all four values directly using setDualPointCalibration()
.
pH.useDualPoint(false);
pH.useDualPoint(False)
dp 1
Each call to measurepH
will use the calibration to adjust the reading. It can be disabled by pH.useDualPoint(false);
Use
Temperature Compensation
byte tempConstant = 25;
pH.setTempConstant(tempConstant);
pH.setTempConstant(0xFF);
pH.setTempConstant(25);
pH.setTempConstant(0xFF);
tc 1 25
tc 0
tc 1 255
To set the temperature used for compensation, call
setTempConstant()
and pass the temperature to use. To use the
actual temperature, pass 0xFF (255).
Measurement Time
Each individual pH measurement takes 12 seconds. A temperature measurement takes 750ms.
More Help
If you have any questions, find a bug, or have any suggestions on improvements, go to this project’s GitHub page and submit an Issue or Pull Request.
Summary
| Members | Descriptions |
|---|---|
define PH_PROBE |
pH probe I2C address |
define PH_MEASURE_PH |
|
define PH_MEASURE_TEMP |
|
define PH_CALIBRATE_SINGLE |
|
define PH_CALIBRATE_LOW |
|
define PH_CALIBRATE_HIGH |
|
define PH_VERSION_REGISTER |
version |
define PH_PH_REGISTER |
pH |
define PH_TEMP_REGISTER |
temperature in C |
define PH_CALIBRATE_SINGLE_REGISTER |
zero offset |
define PH_CALIBRATE_REFHIGH_REGISTER |
reference high calibration |
define PH_CALIBRATE_REFLOW_REGISTER |
reference low calibration |
define PH_CALIBRATE_READHIGH_REGISTER |
reading high calibration |
define PH_CALIBRATE_READLOW_REGISTER |
reading low calibration |
define PH_SOLUTION_REGISTER |
reference pH solution |
define PH_TEMP_COMPENSATION_REGISTER |
temperature compensation constant |
define PH_CONFIG_REGISTER |
config register |
define PH_TASK_REGISTER |
task register |
define PH_TEMP_MEASURE_TIME |
|
define PH_PH_MEASURE_TIME |
|
define PH_DUALPOINT_CONFIG_BIT |
dual point config bit |
define PH_TEMP_COMPENSATION_CONFIG_BIT |
temperature compensation config bit |
class pH_Probe |
pH Class |
Members
define PH_PROBE
pH probe I2C address
define PH_MEASURE_PH
define PH_MEASURE_TEMP
define PH_CALIBRATE_SINGLE
define PH_CALIBRATE_LOW
define PH_CALIBRATE_HIGH
define PH_VERSION_REGISTER
version
define PH_PH_REGISTER
pH
define PH_TEMP_REGISTER
temperature in C
define PH_CALIBRATE_SINGLE_REGISTER
zero offset
define PH_CALIBRATE_REFHIGH_REGISTER
reference high calibration
define PH_CALIBRATE_REFLOW_REGISTER
reference low calibration
define PH_CALIBRATE_READHIGH_REGISTER
reading high calibration
define PH_CALIBRATE_READLOW_REGISTER
reading low calibration
define PH_SOLUTION_REGISTER
reference pH solution
define PH_TEMP_COMPENSATION_REGISTER
temperature compensation constant
define PH_CONFIG_REGISTER
config register
define PH_TASK_REGISTER
task register
define PH_TEMP_MEASURE_TIME
define PH_PH_MEASURE_TIME
define PH_DUALPOINT_CONFIG_BIT
dual point config bit
define PH_TEMP_COMPENSATION_CONFIG_BIT
temperature compensation config bit
public float pH
pH
public float tempC
Temperature in C
public float tempF
Temperature in F
public pH_Probe()
Class constructor.
public ~pH_Probe()
Class destructor.
public float measurepH()
Starts a pH measurement.
pH_Probe::measurepH();
Returns
pH
public float measureTemp()
Starts a temperature measurement.
pH_Probe::measureTemp();
tempC and tempF are updated
A value of -127 means the device is not connected.
Returns
temperature in C
public void calibrateSingle(float solutionpH)
Calibrates the probe using a single point.
pH_Probe::calibrateSingle(7.0);
result will be saved in the device’s EEPROM and used automatically thereafter
public void calibrateProbeLow(float solutionpH)
Calibrates the dual-point values for the low reading and saves them in the devices’s EEPROM.
pH_Probe::calibrateProbeLow(4.0);
Parameters
solutionpH
the pH of the calibration solution
public void calibrateProbeHigh(float solutionpH)
Calibrates the dual-point values for the high reading and saves them in the devices’s EEPROM.
pH_Probe::calibrateProbeHigh(7.0);
Parameters
solutionpH
the pH of the calibration solution
public void setDualPointCalibration(float refLow,float refHigh,float readLow,float readHigh)
Sets all the values for dual point calibration and saves them in the devices’s EEPROM.
pH_Probe::setDualPointCalibration(4.0, 7.0, 3.8, 7.2);
Parameters
refLow
the reference low pointrefHigh
the reference high pointreadLow
the measured low pointreadHigh
the measured high point
public float getCalibrateOffset()
Retrieves the single-point offset from the device.
float z = pH_Probe::getCalibrateOffset();
Returns
the probe’s offset
public void setTempConstant(byte b)
Configures device to use the provided temperature constant.
pH_Probe::setTempConstant(25);
Parameters
b
the temperature to use for compensation
public byte getTempConstant()
Retrieves the temperature constant.
byte temp = pH_Probe::getTempConstant();
Returns
the temperature to used for compensation
public void useTemperatureCompensation(bool b)
Configures device to use temperature compensation or not.
pH_Probe::useTemperatureCompensation(true);
Parameters
b
true for false
public bool usingTemperatureCompensation()
Determines if temperature compensation is being used.
bool usingTemp = pH_Probe::usingTemperatureCompensation();
Returns
true if using compensation, false otherwise
public void useDualPoint(bool b)
Configures device to use dual-point calibration.
pH_Probe::useDualPoint(true);
Parameters
b
true or false
public bool usingDualPoint()
Determines if dual point calibration is being used.
bool usingTemp = pH_Probe::usingDualPoint();
Returns
true if using compensation, false otherwise
public float getCalibrateHigh()
Retrieves the dual-point calibration high value.
float calHigh = pH_Probe::getCalibrateHigh();
Returns
the dual-point calibration high value
public float getCalibrateLow()
Retrieves the dual-point calibration low value.
float calLow = pH_Probe::getCalibrateLow();
Returns
the dual-point calibration low value
public byte getVersion()
Retrieves the firmware version of the device.
byte version = pH_Probe::getVersion();
Returns
version of firmware
public void reset()
Resets all the stored calibration information.
Generated by Moxygen


Simulated MIRI Imaging and Reduction for CEERS Pointings 5-10
We have simulated MIRI images for all six CEERS pointings (CEERS 5-10) using MIRISIM version 2.4.0, with input sources taken from a mock catalog created using the Santa Cruz semi-analytic model for galaxy evolution. Pointings 7, 8, 9 and 10 are obtained as the primary observations (with NIRCam imaging in parallel). Pointings 5 and 6 are taken in parallel with NIRCam WFSS as primary. Pointings 7 and 8 are also observed in parallel with NIRCam WFSS, adding additional filter coverage and/or depth to the primary observations in these pointings.
To access the full data release directly, visit this link. Please see the associated README describing the release.
Alternatively, see below to access the fully reduced mosaics in each filter. We also provide the raw images and step-by-step instructions for reducing the raw images.
Summary
- Instrument: MIRI
- Mode: Imaging
- Source of Simulations: MIRISIM v2.4.0
- Calibration Pipeline Used: jwst v1.2.3
- APT: CEERS ERS 1345
- Target: CEERS Pointings 7-10 (as primary), 5-8 (in parallel)
- Filters: F560W, F770W, F1000W, F1280W, F1500W, F1800W, F2100W
- Readout: SLOWR1 (F560W and F770W), FASTR1 (all other filters)
- Observation specification: Groups and integrations vary by filter and pointing
- Dithers: As primary - 3 point custom dithers for coordinated MIRI+NIRCam observations. As parallel - Observations match the NIRCam WFSS observation sequence (4 grism exposures, 1 direct image, and 2 out-of-field images)
Mosaics
- Fully reduced mosaics and weight maps for all MIRI pointings and in all filters are available here (sorted by CEERS pointing ID) or in the table below.
- The mosaics are on the native pixel scale of 0.11"/pix and in units of MJy/sr.
- Note that the images are NOT pixel-aligned. Pixel-aligned images across all filters will be part of our next data release.
- Fields marked 'b' are taken in parallel with the primary NIRCam WFSS observations. Pointings 7b and 8b provide additional filter coverage and/or depth to the primary observations in pointings 7 and 8, respectively.
Data reduction
In total there are 113 raw simulated MIRI images:
- 14 for pointing CEERS5b (4 filters)
- 14 for pointing CEERS6b (2 filters)
- 15 for pointing CEERS7 (5 filters)
- 14 for pointing CEERS7b (2 filters)
- 9 for pointing CEERS8 (2 filters)
- 14 for pointing CEERS8b (1 filter)
- 21 for pointing CEERS9 (6 filters)
- 12 for pointing CEERS10 (2 filters)
Reducing all six MIRI pointings requires a considerable amount of disk space. We therefore provide instructions on how to reduce the simulated data in two parts:
Part 1 (recommended starting place):
Part 1 includes all input files necessary to reduce MIRI imaging in F770W and F2100W for CEERS pointing 7b, including a Jupyter notebook (pipeline.ipynb) that demonstrates running all of the Calibration Pipeline steps as well as custom processing steps we've developed for the simulated data.
Download part1.tar.gz (1.5 GB). Note: untars to 5.4 GB and takes up ~10.5 GB including all calibration pipeline outputs and downloaded reference files, i.e., after running all steps in the notebook.
Part 2:
In order to reduce the raw images for all six MIRI pointings, please follow these steps:
Download part2.tar.gz (~2 MB), which contains the Jupyter notebook and all supporting files required to complete the reduction. (You can skip this step if you downloaded part1.tar.gz, as the notebook and required files are the same.)
Download the raw data for each field you wish to reduce:
Untar each directory with the following command: tar xvzf [tarfile]
, where [tarfile]
is the name of each tarball.
Run the reduction following the steps in the Jupyter notebook pipeline.ipynb.
Note that the full reduction takes up ~65 GB, i.e., after running all steps in the notebook on all pointings.


A Greek mathematician(born c.230 BC).
Particularly famous for his method of finding primes (Eratosthenes’ Sieve).


All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file. This project adheres to Semantic Versioning.
setImmediate
and clearImmediate
changes from 2.0.3 because they
appear to break Webpack.setImmediate
and clearImmediate
are indirected through the global
module
for better coverage of esoteric environments..npmignore
now excludes example scripts, reducing package sizeclearTimeout
and clearInterval
no longer throws when passed null or
undefined instead of the timeout token.setImmediate
and clearImmediate
now use the setimmediate
module which
has better cross-browser coverage. In particular, it resolves a crash in
Safari. The setimmediate
module adds these methods to the global
immediately, so a major version bump seems safest.jspm
in package.json
process
dependencytimers-browserify-full
, which offers a larger, but much more exact,
version of Node’s timers
librarysetTimeout
and setInterval
return objects with the same API as the Node
implementation, instead of just IDsactive
implementation actually has an effect, as in Nodeapply
that break in IE 8setImmediate
and clearImmediate
if they existprocess
dependencyclearImmediate
available to undo setImmediate
setTimeout
and setInterval
window
explicitly to setTimeout
and others to resolve an error in
Chromesetimmediate
dependency with process
for the nextTick
shimsetTimeout
in some environments


Table Row Selection¶
As in the case of the Scatterplot, ensemble members can be selected via the Metadata Table. The selection color is controlled by the color selection icons above the Scatterplot. If none of the color selection icons are active, selections are not recognized. If a selection icon is active, there are a few different ways to select rows in the Metadata Table. First, if a selection is empty, simply clicking on a row will select that ensemble member. The corresponding point in the Scatterplot will be show in the selected color and the corresponding time series will be added to the Time Series Plots. This action is shown in Figure 35.
Second, if a selection is not empty, another ensemble member can be added by clicking on the new row to bring it into focus (indicated by a black box drawn around the row – see Table Focus Selection), then using the shift key while clicking on the new row.
Third, to select a range from the Metadata Table, mark the start of the range by clicking on a row to bring it into focus, then holding the shift key while clicking on the end of the desired range.
Finally, we note that if using a subset of the dataset (see Subset Analysis ), rows not in the subset will be highlighted in gray, and will not be available for selection or focus.


Make your own Part
¶
A Part
is a blueprint for an atomic solid to be placed into an
Assembly
.
Before continuing here, it’s highly recommend you read Part vs Assembly and Parametric Object.
Let’s start with a simple variably sized rectangle.
import cadquery
import cqparts
from cqparts.params import *
from cqparts.display import display
class Box(cqparts.Part):
length = PositiveFloat(10, doc="box length (along x-axis)")
width = PositiveFloat(10, doc="box width (along y-axis)")
height = PositiveFloat(10, doc="box height (along z-axis)")
def make(self):
return cadquery.Workplane('XY').box(
self.length, self.width, self.height,
centered=(True, True, False),
)
box = Box(height=5)
display(box)
display
will render the cadquery.Workplane
instance pulled from
box.local_obj
.
Tip
Remember, your Part
is a Python class, so you can take advantage
of everything Python has to offer.
Adding Mates
¶
A Mate
defines a coordinate system
relative to the Part
origin.
A mate is used by an Assembly
to help place parts.
A mate is often best defined by a Part
because they’re placement is
highly dependent on the part’s parameters.
So to elaborate on the box example above:
from cqparts.constraint import Mate
from cqparts.utils import CoordSystem
class Box(cqparts.Part):
# ... (content as above)
@property
def mate_top(self):
return Mate(self, CoordSystem(origin=(0, 0, self.height)))
box = Box()
box.mate_top
This will return a mate placed in the middle of the boxes top face.
But wait… cadquery
offers another way to achieve the same result:
class Box(cqparts.Part):
# ... (content as above)
@property
def mate_top(self):
plane = self.local_obj.faces(">Z").workplane().plane
return Mate(self, CoordSystem.from_plane(plane))
box = Box()
box.mate_top
In this case, the first is probably the best, due to its simplicity.
However, being able to query the part’s geometry to find mating points is a powerful feature that can be exploited.
Tip
To reiterate, these are just Python classes, the above mate_top
method can be called anything.
You could also create a method that takes a parameter such as
get_mate_top(twist_angle=0)
to adjust the mate in a way that’s
relevant to the part.
Some advice though, don’t make your part behave too differently to other parts you’re using, it will make your code confusing.
Modifying Geometry¶
You may want to use an existing part, and modify it without copying the code.
Let’s try a few examples of ways you can achieve this effectively.
Inherit : Cut a Hole¶
Let’s re-invent the wheel:
class Wheel(cqparts.Part):
radius = PositiveFloat(100, doc="wheel's radius")
width = PositiveFloat(10, doc="wheel's width")
def make(self):
return cadquery.Workplane('XY') \
.circle(self.radius).extrude(self.width)
wheel = Wheel()
display(wheel)
However, we want to put this onto an axel, so we need to cut a hole through the center.
So let’s make our own wheel, using this wheel as a base.
We inherit the above Wheel
, then in the make
method we get the original
object, then return a modified version:
class HolyWheel(Wheel):
hole_diameter = PositiveFloat(20, "diameter for shaft")
def make(self):
obj = super(HolyWheel, self).make()
return obj.faces(">Z").circle(self.hole_diameter / 2) \
.cutThruAll()
my_wheel = HolyWheel(hole_diameter=50, width=15)
display(my_wheel)
The wheel was also made a bit wider to show the inherited parameters are still in effect.
Use an Instance : Union 2 Parts¶
Now you want 2 wheels connected by an axel, all in 1 (injection moulded) part.
Each wheel (left and right) can have their own radius, and width.
We can’t use inheritance for this example because we need to instantiate 2 different wheels, then union them:
class JoinedWheel(cqparts.Part):
# Parameters
l_radius = PositiveFloat(100, doc="left wheel's radius")
l_width = PositiveFloat(10, doc="left wheel's radius")
r_radius = PositiveFloat(100, doc="right wheel's radius")
r_width = PositiveFloat(10, doc="right wheel's radius")
axel_length = PositiveFloat(100, doc="axel length")
axel_diam = PositiveFloat(10, doc="axel diameter")
def make(self):
# Make the axel
obj = cadquery.Workplane('XY') \
.circle(self.axel_diam / 2) \
.extrude(self.axel_length)
# Make the left and right wheels
wheel_l = Wheel(radius=self.l_radius, width=self.l_width)
wheel_r = Wheel(radius=self.r_radius, width=self.r_width)
# Union them with the axel solid
obj = obj.union(wheel_l.local_obj)
obj = obj.union(
wheel_r.local_obj.mirror('XY') \
.translate((0, 0, self.axel_length))
)
return obj
joined_wheel = JoinedWheel(
r_radius=80, l_width=20, axel_diam=30,
)
joined_wheel.local_obj
display(joined_wheel)
Note that we’re instantiating 2 Wheel
classes, and using their local_obj
attributes to union with the axel.
Rendering¶
In the above examples, you can see we’re using display()
from the cqparts.display
module.
When parts are displayed or exported, their colour, transparency, among other
attributes are stored with the Part
instance.
This detail is stored in a hidden property called _render
.
We can change a Part
default render properties by replacing the
default _render
property with our own using
render_props()
.
from cqparts.display import render_props
class Box(cqparts.Part):
_render = render_props(template='red', alpha=0.2)
def make(self):
return cadquery.Workplane('XY').box(10,10,10)
box = Box()
display(box)
Gives us a red appearance with an 80% transparency.
Have a read of Rendering for more details on rendering properties, and other rendering methods.
Further Reading¶
To learn more about how a Part
works, read Part Build Cycle.
Browse the cadquery
documentation to learn about how to create geometry.
If you’re comfortable with the above content, you may want to move to learn about
how to create an Assembly
in Make your own Assembly.


Design that allows great experiences on multiple devices is expected nowadays.
I always give love both to the smaller devices and the desktop.
User focus
Understanding the user is the key of making a usable website. Therefor good research and testing is an good investment.
This is something I build my designs around, striving for a better end user experience.
Performance
Development with performance as focus lead to faster loading time. To optimize images, minify code and remove useless code all contributes to a better website.


Class: Aws::ServiceDiscovery::Types::HealthCheckConfig
| Relationships & Source Files | |
| Super Chains via Extension / Inclusion / Inheritance | |
|
Class Chain:
self,
Struct
|
|
|
Instance Chain:
self,
::Aws::Structure ,
Struct
|
|
| Inherits: |
Struct
|
| Defined in: | gems/aws-sdk-servicediscovery/lib/aws-sdk-servicediscovery/types.rb |
Overview
Public DNS and HTTP namespaces only. A complex type that contains
settings for an optional health check. If you specify settings for a
health check, Cloud Map associates the health check with the records
that you specify in DnsConfig
.
If you specify a health check configuration, you can specify either
HealthCheckCustomConfig
or HealthCheckConfig
but not both.
::Aws::Health
checks are basic Route 53 health checks that monitor an Amazon
Web Services endpoint. For information about pricing for health
checks, see Amazon Route 53 Pricing.
Note the following about configuring health checks.
A and AAAA records
: If DnsConfig
includes configurations for both A
and AAAA
records, Cloud Map creates a health check that uses the IPv4 address
to check the health of the resource. If the endpoint tthat's
specified by the IPv4 address is unhealthy, Route 53 considers both
the A
and AAAA
records to be unhealthy.
CNAME records
: You can't specify settings for HealthCheckConfig
when the
DNSConfig
includes CNAME
for the value of Type
. If you do, the
CreateService
request will fail with an InvalidInput
error.
Request interval
: A Route 53 health checker in each health-checking Amazon Web Services Region sends a health check request to an endpoint every 30 seconds. On average, your endpoint receives a health check request about every two seconds. However, health checkers don't coordinate with one another. Therefore, you might sometimes see several requests in one second that's followed by a few seconds with no health checks at all.
::Aws::Health
checking regions
: ::Aws::Health
checkers perform checks from all Route 53 health-checking
Regions. For a list of the current Regions, see Regions.
Alias records
: When you register an instance, if you include the
AWS_ALIAS_DNS_NAME
attribute, Cloud Map creates a Route 53 alias
record. Note the following:
Route 53 automatically sets
EvaluateTargetHealth
to true for alias records. WhenEvaluateTargetHealth
is true, the alias record inherits the health of the referenced Amazon Web Services resource. such as an ELB load balancer. For more information, see EvaluateTargetHealth.If you include
HealthCheckConfig
and then use the service to register an instance that creates an alias record, Route 53 doesn't create the health check.
Charges for health checks
: ::Aws::Health
checks are basic Route 53 health checks that monitor an
Amazon Web Services endpoint. For information about pricing for
health checks, see Amazon Route 53 Pricing.
Constant Summary
Instance Attribute Summary
-
#failure_threshold ⇒ Integer
rw
The number of consecutive health checks that an endpoint must pass or fail for Route 53 to change the current status of the endpoint from unhealthy to healthy or the other way around.
-
#resource_path ⇒ String
rw
The path that you want Route 53 to request when performing health checks.
-
#type ⇒ String
rw
The type of health check that you want to create, which indicates how Route 53 determines whether an endpoint is healthy.
Instance Method Summary
::Aws::Structure
- Included
| #to_hash | Alias for Aws::Structure#to_h. |
Instance Attribute Details
#failure_threshold ⇒ Integer
(rw)
The number of consecutive health checks that an endpoint must pass or fail for Route 53 to change the current status of the endpoint from unhealthy to healthy or the other way around. For more information, see How Route 53 Determines Whether an Endpoint Is Healthy in the Route 53 Developer Guide.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-servicediscovery/lib/aws-sdk-servicediscovery/types.rb', line 1094
class HealthCheckConfig < Struct.new( :type, :resource_path, :failure_threshold) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#resource_path ⇒ String
(rw)
The path that you want Route 53 to request when performing health
checks. The path can be any value that your endpoint returns an HTTP
status code of a 2xx or 3xx format for when the endpoint is healthy.
An example file is /docs/route53-health-check.html
. Route 53
automatically adds the DNS name for the service. If you don't
specify a value for ResourcePath
, the default value is /
.
If you specify TCP
for Type
, you must not specify a value for
ResourcePath
.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-servicediscovery/lib/aws-sdk-servicediscovery/types.rb', line 1094
class HealthCheckConfig < Struct.new( :type, :resource_path, :failure_threshold) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#type ⇒ String
(rw)
The type of health check that you want to create, which indicates how Route 53 determines whether an endpoint is healthy.
You can't change the value of Type
after you create a health
check.
You can create the following types of health checks:
HTTP: Route 53 tries to establish a TCP connection. If successful, Route 53 submits an HTTP request and waits for an HTTP status code of 200 or greater and less than 400.
HTTPS: Route 53 tries to establish a TCP connection. If successful, Route 53 submits an HTTPS request and waits for an HTTP status code of 200 or greater and less than 400.
If you specify HTTPS for the value of Type
, the endpoint must
support TLS v1.0 or later.
- TCP: Route 53 tries to establish a TCP connection.
If you specify TCP
for Type
, don't specify a value for
ResourcePath
.
For more information, see How Route 53 Determines Whether an Endpoint Is Healthy in the Route 53 Developer Guide.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-servicediscovery/lib/aws-sdk-servicediscovery/types.rb', line 1094
class HealthCheckConfig < Struct.new( :type, :resource_path, :failure_threshold) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end


The fun begins here!
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Fasten up your seat belts!
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Where your souls lies!
The best place in town!


Bootstrap sets basic global display, typography, and link styles. When more
control is needed, check out the textual utility classes.
In this chapter, we will look at some HTML elements that will be styled
a little bit differently by Bootstrap than browser defaults.
control is needed, check out the textual utility classes.
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XINETD
Section: Maintenance Commands (8)Updated: 14 June 2001
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
xinetd - the extended Internet services daemonSYNOPSIS
xinetd [options]DESCRIPTION
xinetd performs the same function as inetd: it starts programs that provide Internet services. Instead of having such servers started at system initialization time, and be dormant until a connection request arrives, xinetd is the only daemon process started and it listens on all service ports for the services listed in its configuration file. When a request comes in, xinetd starts the appropriate server. Because of the way it operates, xinetd (as well as inetd) is also referred to as a super-server.The services listed in xinetd's configuration file can be separated into two groups. Services in the first group are called multi-threaded and they require the forking of a new server process for each new connection request. The new server then handles that connection. For such services, xinetd keeps listening for new requests so that it can spawn new servers. On the other hand, the second group includes services for which the service daemon is responsible for handling all new connection requests. Such services are called single-threaded and xinetd will stop handling new requests for them until the server dies. Services in this group are usually datagram-based.
So far, the only reason for the existence of a super-server was to conserve system resources by avoiding to fork a lot of processes which might be dormant for most of their lifetime. While fulfilling this function, xinetd takes advantage of the idea of a super-server to provide features such as access control and logging. Furthermore, xinetd is not limited to services listed in /etc/services. Therefore, anybody can use xinetd to start special-purpose servers.
OPTIONS
- -d
- Enables debug mode. This produces a lot of debugging output, and it makes it possible to use a debugger on xinetd.
- -syslog syslog_facility
- This option enables syslog logging of xinetd-produced messages using the specified syslog facility. The following facility names are supported: daemon, auth, user, local[0-7] (check syslog.conf(5) for their meanings). This option is ineffective in debug mode since all relevant messages are sent to the terminal.
- -filelog logfile
- xinetd-produced messages will be placed in the specified file. Messages are always appended to the file. If the file does not exist, it will be created. This option is ineffective in debug mode since all relevant messages are sent to the terminal.
- -f config_file
- Determines the file that xinetd uses for configuration. The default is /etc/xinetd.conf.
- -pidfile pid_file
-
The process ID is written to the file. This option is ineffective in debug mode. - -dontfork
- Tells xinetd to stay in the foreground rather than detaching itself, to support being run from init or daemontools. This option automatically sets -stayalive (see below).
- -stayalive
- Tells xinetd to stay running even if no services are specified.
- -limit proc_limit
- This option places a limit on the number of concurrently running processes that can be started by xinetd. Its purpose is to prevent process table overflows.
- -logprocs limit
- This option places a limit on the number of concurrently running servers for remote userid acquisition.
- -version
- This option causes xinetd to print out its version information.
- -inetd_compat
- This option causes xinetd to read /etc/inetd.conf in addition to the standard xinetd config files. /etc/inetd.conf is read after the standard xinetd config files.
- -cc interval
- This option instructs xinetd to perform periodic consistency checks on its internal state every interval seconds.
The syslog and filelog options are mutually exclusive. If none is specified, the default is syslog using the daemon facility. You should not confuse xinetd messages with messages related to service logging. The latter are logged only if this is specified via the configuration file.
CONTROLLING XINETD
xinetd performs certain actions when it receives certain signals. The actions associated with the specific signals can be redefined by editing config.h and recompiling.
- SIGHUP
- causes a hard reconfiguration, which means that xinetd re-reads the configuration file and terminates the servers for services that are no longer available. Access control is performed again on running servers by checking the remote location, access times and server instances. If the number of server instances is lowered, some arbitrarily picked servers will be killed to satisfy the limit; this will happen after any servers are terminated because of failing the remote location or access time checks. Also, if the INTERCEPT flag was clear and is set, any running servers for that service will be terminated; the purpose of this is to ensure that after a hard reconfiguration there will be no running servers that can accept packets from addresses that do not meet the access control criteria.
- SIGQUIT
- causes program termination.
- SIGTERM
- terminates all running servers before terminating xinetd.
- SIGUSR1
- causes an internal state dump (the default dump file is /var/run/xinetd.dump; to change the filename, edit config.h and recompile).
- SIGIOT
- causes an internal consistency check to verify that the data structures used by the program have not been corrupted. When the check is completed xinetd will generate a message that says if the check was successful or not.
On reconfiguration the log files are closed and reopened. This allows removal of old log files.
FILES
- /etc/xinetd.conf
- default configuration file
- /var/run/xinetd.dump
- default dump file
SEE ALSO
inetd(8),xinetd.conf(5),
xinetd.log(5)
http://cr.yp.to/daemontools.html
AUTHOR
Panos Tsirigotis, CS Dept, University of Colorado, Boulder Rob BraunPRONUNCIATION
zy-net-d
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This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:34:31 GMT, December 24, 2015


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--- layout: post status: publish published: true title: Journal 5 is out author: display_name: Tomas Restrepo login: tomasr email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>url: http://winterdom.com/ author_login: tomasr author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>author_url: http://winterdom.com/ wordpress_id: 152 wordpress_url: http://winterdom.com/2005/07/journal5isout date: '2005-07-27 15:29:33 +0000' date_gmt: '2005-07-27 15:29:33 +0000' categories: - Development tags: [] comments: [] ---
Way cool, the Journal 5 is out (as others have reported)! I've enjoyed a lot reading through every one of the previous edition and this one (what I've been able to read so far) is quite interesting, as well.
One minor comment guys: The quality of the images in the web version at least is terrible in some of the articles (particularly the black and white ones, which look like poorly scanned figures), making them very hard to read. It's really a shame, and I hope the print version is better than that!


This is a history of my work experience. Scroll through the timeline below to find a brief description of the project tasks I worked on. All this content is scraped from automated emails of Work Authorization Memorandum, and then annotated with my additional comments. Pardon the typos, etc. and any missing information. See my resume for complete list of experience and publications.


Das Unbuch
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The Alchemist
Reading is paramount because it avails in self development and
phrenic stimulation. I recently read “The Alchemist” after procrastinating for
along time. I read it at an impeccable time after a friend recommended it.
The book is lovely and an inspirational masterpiece.
Indited by Brazilian author Paulo Coelho in 1988.It was initially indited and
published in Portuguese. It is an international bestseller and has been
translated to more than 70 languages. The book is relatively short having
around 167 pages only. The theme is about finding one’s destiny or purport
in life.
The story is about a Shepherd boy from Spain whose designation is
Santiago. He keeps getting the same dream about treasures that are lying
in the Pyramids of Egypt. He embarks on a peregrination to follow his
dream after meeting an old king who offers him magic stones and advice.
Santiago crosses the Mediterranean and Sahara to find his treasures in
Egypt and additionally accomplish his personal legend which is his purport
in life. The book details his peregrination and the sundry encounters that he
experiences when following his dream. Throughout the peregrination,
Santiago meets many incipient people and an abundance of arduousness
which ultimately avails him to learn and grow the entire way. Does he find
the treasures in the Pyramids of Egypt?
The Alchemist is a fantastic book and the storytelling is resplendent. The
cull of words are impeccable, full of sapience and philosophy .I thoroughly
doted it .The story is very enchanting and bursts with optimism which I
cerebrate is very consequential in our lives .The book shows that the
peregrination to your destiny is as consequential as the destiny itself. I dote
how the book accentuates on the consequentiality of faith, hope and
spirituality through the story of a mundane boy. I cerebrate this book
appeals to everyone because we all have dreams and sometimes we just
want someone to tell us that they may come true. Overall, ”The Alchemist”
is a very exhilarating fiction novel and it deserves a space at everyone’s
bookshelf.
Personally, my favorite quotes from the book are “One’s Personal Legend
(destiny) is what you have always wanted to accomplish. Everyone, when
they are adolescent, kens what their Personal Legend is. “At that point in
their lives, everything is pellucid and everything is possible. They are not
trepidacious to dream, and to yearn for everything they would relish to
optically discern transpire to them in their lives. But, as time passes, an
abstruse force commences to convince them that it will be infeasible for
them to realize their Personal Legend….whoever you are, or whatever it is
that you do, when you genuinely want something, it’s because that desire
originated in the soul of the macrocosm. It’s your mission on earth.”“If
someone isn’t what others want them to be, the others become
exasperated. Everyone seems to have a clear conception of how other
people should lead their lives, but none about his or her own.”
“Love is not to be found in someone else but in ourselves; we simply
arouse it. But in order to do that, we require the other person.”
-Sourav Chakraborty


{% extends "experiments/base.html" %} {% load static %} {% load i18n %} {% block title %}{% trans "BEEL-Instructions" %}{% endblock %} {% block headname %}{% trans "Instructions" %}{% endblock %} {% block content %}
Instructions 1/4
Please read the following instructions carefully. All the information contained here has also been given to you in printed format.
At the beginning of the experiment you will be randomly divided into groups of 6 members each. During the whole experiment, you will interact only within your group. At the beginning of the experiment every participant receives an endowment of 40 EMUs (experimental money units) that will be later translated into real currency (euros) with a rate of 2 to 1.
During the game, each member of the group will be able to invest the money received as an endowment in a climate account through several rounds.
The climate accounts assigned to each group have a minimum investment objective of 120 EMUs. This means that if the accumulated contributions to the account after the experiment end, are equal or higher than 120 EMUs, then each member of the group will be able to keep the amount of the endowment that they didn’t invest.
However, if this minimum is not reached, the computer will “throw a dice” so that all group members will lose all their saving with a certain probability p that will be communicated to you at the beginning of the experiment.


Reactions may occur with any type of product. Important to determine type of reaction. Types are:
- Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction
- Signs: Hemoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria, DIC, ↓ BP, ↑ HR, bronchospasm
- Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction
- Signs: ↓ BP, bronchospasm, pulmonary edema, fever, rash
- Anaphylactic Transfusion Reaction
- Signs: Erythema, urticaria, angioedema, bronchospasm, tachycardia, shock
For Treatment steps, click: Tx


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