The basic profile provides basic media capabilities including the capture and presentation of temporal media such as audio and video. The basic profile serves two different purposes:
The basic profile is a "lean and mean" collection of media functions which the application can invoke, but does not duplicate functions from the scripting or programming languages.
The basic profile is intended for single-turn prompt and collect applications.
The following enumerates the modules included in the Basic Profile.
The SIV Module (See 6.16 SIV Module) includes verification, identification, and enrollment functions.
The Builtin-SSML Module (6.5 Builtin SSML Module), the Media Module (6.6 Media Module), and the Parseq Module (6.7 Parseq Module) provide functions for presenting information to the user.
Capture functions include
The Basic Profile also includes the Data Access and Manipulation module (6.12 Data Access and Manipulation Module) for accessing local variables, parameters, returned values, etc. This module is not intended to access external databases.
Results are returned using EMMA notation, which may include includes confidence scores and multiple results represented in a lattice.
| Editorial note | |
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How does the host scripting or programming language access returned results? TBD: define the amount of ECMAScript and data access capability. Supported media types must be defined. |
The basic profile does NOT support the capture of key strokes, mouse movements, or joystick movements and does not present static information such as text and bit map graphics on a display. Other languages such as HTML, SVG, and XHTML can be used to perform these functions.
The basic profile does NOT support higher-level flow control constructs such as the VoiceXML 2.0 <form> element and the associated Form Interpretation Algorithm. The Basic Profile assumes that application developers specify flow control using a scripting or programming language, which controls all application-specific procedural flow and interaction with non-VoiceXML functions such as databases, application functions, and Web services.
The following VoiceXML 2.0/2.1 control elements are NOT included in the Basic Profile:
The maximal server profile represents the closure over the VoiceXML 3.0 platform feature set and is intended for applications providing feature-rich voice user interfaces. This profile provides data access and manipulation capabilities, full media capabilities, higher-level flow control constructs such as <form> and <field>, and full support for environment properties. We believe that control flow capabilities such as those provided by SCXML and CCXML are necessary to take full advantage of the features in the maximal server profile.
Specifically, the maximal server profile provides support for [... enumerate all modules in Section 6 of WD2 draft ...]
[Issue: Should support for SCXML be required when implementing the profile? Should support for CCXML be required when implementing the profile? What are the interoperability ramifications of requiring one, multiple, or no flow control languages for support of this profile?]
| Editorial note | |
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Supported media types must be defined. |
At a minimum, the enhanced profile should include the modules not included in the basic and legacy profiles, specifically SIV and receive. The enhanced profile may include modules which are included in the basic and legacy profiles. The enhanced profile should demonstrate the new capabilities of VoiceXML 3.0, including prompt control and alternative flow control strategies.
| Editorial note | |
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Supported media types must be defined. |
Profiles can provide convenience syntax to simplify authoring for that profile without decreasing portability. Convenience Syntax, as we define it here, can be implemented via a straightforward text mapping from the convenience syntax to profile code that uses only the syntax defined by the modules in the profile. Convenience syntax cannot add functionality. It only makes existing functionality easier to code.
A Convenience syntax definition must include
The existence and definition of the mapping above means that an author can write VoiceXML applications using the (presumably simpler) convenience syntax, while being assured that the code will execute *as if* the code had been replaced by the (presumably more complex but well-defined) module syntax. This allows authors to code simple cases in the convenience syntax, and make use of other VoiceXML syntax elements and attributes only as needed.
E Convenience Syntax in VoiceXML 2.x shows how the VoiceXML 2.1 <menu> and pre-defined catch handlers could be coded using other V2 notation (i.e., as convenience syntax).
[Examples TBD.]
A VoiceXML interpreter context needs to fetch VoiceXML documents, and other resources, such as media files, grammars, scripts, and XML data. Each fetch of the content associated with a URI is governed by the following attributes:
| fetchtimeout | The interval to wait for the content to be returned before throwing an error.badfetch event. The value is a Time Designation. If not specified, a value derived from the innermost fetchtimeout property is used. |
|---|---|
| fetchhint | Defines when the interpreter context should retrieve content from the server. prefetch indicates a file may be downloaded when the page is loaded, whereas safe indicates a file that should only be downloaded when actually needed. If not specified, a value derived from the innermost relevant fetchhint property is used. |
| maxage | Indicates that the document is willing to use content whose age is no greater than the specified time in seconds (cf. 'max-age' in HTTP 1.1 [RFC2616]). The document is not willing to use stale content, unless maxstale is also provided. If not specified, a value derived from the innermost relevant maxage property, if present, is used. |
| maxstale | Indicates that the document is willing to use content that has exceeded its expiration time (cf. 'max-stale' in HTTP 1.1 [RFC2616]). If maxstale is assigned a value, then the document is willing to accept content that has exceeded its expiration time by no more than the specified number of seconds. If not specified, a value derived from the innermost relevant maxstale property, if present, is used. |
When content is fetched from a URI, the fetchtimeout attribute determines how long to wait for the content (starting from the time when the resource is needed), and the fetchhint attribute determines when the content is fetched. The caching policy for a VoiceXML interpreter context utilizes the maxage and maxstale attributes and is explained in more detail below.
The fetchhint attribute, in combination with the various fetchhint properties, is merely a hint to the interpreter context about when it may schedule the fetch of a resource. Telling the interpreter context that it may prefetch a resource does not require that the resource be prefetched; it only suggests that the resource may be prefetched. However, the interpreter context is always required to honor the safe fetchhint.
When transitioning from one dialog to another, through either a <subdialog>, <goto>, <submit>, <link>, or <choice> element, there are additional rules that affect interpreter behavior. If the referenced URI names a document (e.g. "doc#dialog"), or if query data is provided (through POST or GET), then a new document is obtained (either from a local cache, intermediate cache, or from a origin Web server). When it is obtained, the document goes through its initialization phase (i.e., obtaining and initializing a new application root document if needed, initializing document variables, and executing document scripts). The requested dialog (or first dialog if none is specified) is then initialized and execution of the dialog begins.
Generally, if a URI reference contains only a fragment (e.g., "#my_dialog"), then no document is fetched, and no initialization of that document is performed. However, <submit> always results in a fetch, and if a fragment is accompanied by a namelist attribute there will also be a fetch.
Another exception is when a URI reference in a leaf document references the application root document. In this case, the root document is transitioned to without fetching and without initialization even if the URI reference contains an absolute or relative URI (see <IP_ADDRESS> Application Root and [RFC2396]). However, if the URI reference to the root document contains a query string or a namelist attribute, the root document is fetched.
Elements that fetch VoiceXML documents also support the following additional attribute:
| fetchaudio | The URI of the audio clip to play while the fetch is being done. If not specified, the fetchaudio property is used, and if that property is not set, no audio is played during the fetch. The fetching of the audio clip is governed by the audiofetchhint, audiomaxage, audiomaxstale, and fetchtimeout properties in effect at the time of the fetch. The playing of the audio clip is governed by the fetchaudiodelay, and fetchaudiominimum properties in effect at the time of the fetch. |
|---|
The fetchaudio attribute is useful for enhancing a user experience when there may be noticeable delays while the next document is retrieved. This can be used to play background music, or a series of announcements. When the document is retrieved, the audio file is interrupted if it is still playing. If an error occurs retrieving fetchaudio from its URI, no badfetch event is thrown and no audio is played during the fetch.
The VoiceXML interpreter context, like [HTML] visual browsers, can use caching to improve performance in fetching documents and other resources; audio recordings (which can be quite large) are as common to VoiceXML documents as images are to HTML pages. In a visual browser it is common to include end user controls to update or refresh content that is perceived to be stale. This is not the case for the VoiceXML interpreter context, since it lacks equivalent end user controls. Thus enforcement of cache refresh is at the discretion of the document through appropriate use of the maxage, and maxstale attributes.
The caching policy used by the VoiceXML interpreter context must adhere to the cache correctness rules of HTTP 1.1 ([RFC2616]). In particular, the Expires and Cache-Control headers must be honored. The following algorithm summarizes these rules and represents the interpreter context behavior when requesting a resource:
The "maxstale check" is:
Note: it is an optimization to perform a "get if modified" on a document still present in the cache when the policy requires a fetch from the server.
The maxage and maxstale properties are allowed to have no default value whatsoever. If the value is not provided by the document author, and the platform does not provide a default value, then the value is undefined and the 'Otherwise' clause of the algorithm applies. All other properties must provide a default value (either as given by the specification or by the platform).
While the maxage and maxstale attributes are drawn from and directly supported by HTTP 1.1, some resources may be addressed by URIs that name protocols other than HTTP. If the protocol does not support the notion of resource age, the interpreter context shall compute a resource's age from the time it was received. If the protocol does not support the notion of resource staleness, the interpreter context shall consider the resource to have expired immediately upon receipt.
VoiceXML allows the author to override the default caching behavior for each use of each resource (except for any document referenced by the <vxml> element's application attribute: there is no markup mechanism to control the caching policy for an application root document).
Each resource-related element may specify maxage and maxstale attributes. Setting maxage to a non-zero value can be used to get a fresh copy of a resource that may not have yet expired in the cache. A fresh copy can be unconditionally requested by setting maxage to zero.
Using maxstale enables the author to state that an expired copy of a resource, that is not too stale (according to the rules of HTTP 1.1), may be used. This can improve performance by eliminating a fetch that would otherwise be required to get a fresh copy. It is especially useful for authors who may not have direct server-side control of the expiration dates of large static files.
Prefetching is an optional feature that an interpreter context may implement to obtain a resource before it is needed. A resource that may be prefetched is identified by an element whose fetchhint attribute equals "prefetch". When an interpreter context does prefetch a resource, it must ensure that the resource fetched is precisely the one needed. In particular, if the URI is computed with an expr attribute, the interpreter context must not move the fetch up before any assignments to the expression's variables. Likewise, the fetch for a <submit> must not be moved prior to any assignments of the namelist variables.
The expiration status of a resource must be checked on each use of the resource, and, if its fetchhint attribute is "prefetch", then it is prefetched. The check must follow the caching policy specified in Section 6.1.2.
Properties are used to set values that affect platform behavior, such as the recognition process, timeouts, caching policy, etc.
The following types of properties are defined: speech recognition (8.2.1 Speech Recognition Properties), DTMF recognition (8.2.2 DTMF Recognition Properties), prompt and collect (8.2.3 Prompt and Collect Properties), media (8.2.4 Media Properties), fetching (8.2.5 Fetch Properties) and miscellaneous (8.2.6 Miscellaneous Properties) properties.
| Editorial note | |
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Open issue: should the specification provide specific default values rather than platform-specific? Open issue: Should we add a 'type' column for all properties? |
The following generic speech recognition properties are defined.
| Name | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|
| confidencelevel | The speech recognition confidence level, a float value in the range of 0.0 to 1.0. Results are rejected (a nomatch event is thrown) when application.lastresult$.confidence is below this threshold. A value of 0.0 means minimum confidence is needed for a recognition, and a value of 1.0 requires maximum confidence. The value is a Real Number Designation (see 8.4 Value Designations). | 0.5 |
| sensitivity | Set the sensitivity level. A value of 1.0 means that it is highly sensitive to quiet input. A value of 0.0 means it is least sensitive to noise. The value is a Real Number Designation (see 8.4 Value Designations). | 0.5 |
| speedvsaccuracy | A hint specifying the desired balance between speed vs. accuracy. A value of 0.0 means fastest recognition. A value of 1.0 means best accuracy. The value is a Real Number Designation (see 8.4 Value Designations). | 0.5 |
| completetimeout | The length of silence required following user speech before the speech recognizer finalizes a result (either accepting it or throwing a nomatch event). The complete timeout is used when the speech is a complete match of an active grammar. By contrast, the incomplete timeout is used when the speech is an incomplete match to an active grammar. A long complete timeout value delays the result completion and therefore makes the computer's response slow. A short complete timeout may lead to an utterance being broken up inappropriately. Reasonable complete timeout values are typically in the range of 0.3 seconds to 1.0 seconds. The value is a Time Designation (see 8.4 Value Designations). See 8.3 Speech and DTMF Input Timing Properties. Although platforms must parse the completetimeout property, platforms are not required to support the behavior of completetimeout. Platforms choosing not to support the behavior of completetimeout must so document and adjust the behavior of the incompletetimeout property as described below. | platform-dependent |
| incompletetimeout | The required length of silence following user speech after which a recognizer finalizes a result. The incomplete timeout applies when the speech prior to the silence is an incomplete match of all active grammars. In this case, once the timeout is triggered, the partial result is rejected (with a nomatch event). The incomplete timeout also applies when the speech prior to the silence is a complete match of an active grammar, but where it is possible to speak further and still match the grammar. By contrast, the complete timeout is used when the speech is a complete match to an active grammar and no further words can be spoken. A long incomplete timeout value delays the result completion and therefore makes the computer's response slow. A short incomplete timeout may lead to an utterance being broken up inappropriately. The incomplete timeout is usually longer than the complete timeout to allow users to pause mid-utterance (for example, to breathe). See 8.3 Speech and DTMF Input Timing Properties Platforms choosing not to support the completetimeout property (described above) must use the maximum of the completetimeout and incompletetimeout values as the value for the incompletetimeout. The value is a Time Designation (see 8.4 Value Designations). | undefined? |
| maxspeechtimeout | The maximum duration of user speech. If this time elapsed before the user stops speaking, the event "maxspeechtimeout" is thrown. The value is a Time Designation (see 8.4 Value Designations). | platform-dependent |
The following generic DTMF recognition properties are defined.
| Name | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|
| interdigittimeout | The inter-digit timeout value to use when recognizing DTMF input. The value is a Time Designation (see 8.4 Value Designations). See 8.3 Speech and DTMF Input Timing Properties. | platform-dependent |
| termtimeout | The terminating timeout to use when recognizing DTMF input. The value is a Time Designation (see 8.4 Value Designations). 8.3 Speech and DTMF Input Timing Properties. | 0s |
| termchar | The terminating DTMF character for DTMF input recognition. See 8.3 Speech and DTMF Input Timing Properties. | # |
The following properties are defined to apply to the fundamental platform prompt and collect cycle.
| Name | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|
| bargein | The bargein attribute to use for prompts. Setting this to true allows bargein by default. Setting it to false disallows bargein. | true |
| bargeintype | Sets the type of bargein to be speech or hotword. See "Bargein type" (link TBD). | platform-specific |
| timeout | The time after which a noinput event is thrown by the platform. The value is a Time Designation (see 8.4 Value Designations). See 8.3 Speech and DTMF Input Timing Properties. | platform-dependent |
The following properties are defined to apply to output media.
| Name | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|
| outputmodes |
Determines which modes may be used for media output. The value is a space separated list of media types (see media 'type' in TBD). This property is typically used with container file formats, such as "video/3gpp", which support storage of multiple media types. For example, to play both audio and video to the remote connection, the property would be set to "audio video". To play only the video, the property is set to "video". If the value contains a media type which is not supported by the
platform, the connection or the value of the <media> element
|
The default value depends on the negotiated media between the
local and remote devices. It is the space separated list of media
types specified in the session.connection.media array
elements' type property where the associated
direction property is sendrecv or
recvonly . |
The following properties pertain to the fetching of new documents and resources.
Note that maxage and maxstale properties may have no default value - see 8.1.2 Caching.
| Name | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|
| audiofetchhint | This tells the platform whether or not it can attempt to optimize dialog interpretation by pre-fetching audio. The value is either safe to say that audio is only fetched when it is needed, never before; or prefetch to permit, but not require the platform to pre-fetch the audio. | prefetch |
| audiofetchtimeout | The timeout for audio fetches. The value is a Time Designation (see 8.4 Value Designations). | platform-specific |
| audiomaxage | Tells the platform the maximum acceptable age, in seconds, of cached audio resources. | platform-specific |
| audiomaxstale | Tells the platform the maximum acceptable staleness, in seconds, of expired cached audio resources. | platform-specific |
| documentfetchhint | Tells the platform whether or not documents may be pre-fetched. The value is either safe (the default), or prefetch. | safe |
| documentfetchtimeout | The timeout for document fetches. The value is a Time Designation (see 8.4 Value Designations). | platform-specific |
| documentmaxage | Tells the platform the maximum acceptable age, in seconds, of cached documents. | platform-specific |
| documentmaxstale | Tells the platform the maximum acceptable staleness, in seconds, of expired cached documents. | platform-specific |
| grammarfetchhint | Tells the platform whether or not grammars may be pre-fetched. The value is either prefetch (the default), or safe. | prefetch |
| grammarfetchtimeout | The timeout for grammar fetches. The value is a Time Designation (see 8.4 Value Designations). | platform-specific |
| grammarmaxage | Tells the platform the maximum acceptable age, in seconds, of cached grammars. | platform-specific |
| grammarmaxstale | Tells the platform the maximum acceptable staleness, in seconds, of expired cached grammars. | platform-specific. |
| mediafetchhint | Tells the platform whether or not media files may be pre-fetched. The value is either prefetch (the default), or safe. | prefetch |
| mediafetchtimeout | The timeout for media fetches. The value is a Time Designation (see 8.4 Value Designations). | platform-specific |
| mediamaxage | Tells the platform the maximum acceptable age, in seconds, of cached media. | platform-specific |
| mediamaxstale | Tells the platform the maximum acceptable staleness, in seconds, of expired cached media. | platform-specific. |
| objectfetchhint | Tells the platform whether the URI contents for <object> may be pre-fetched or not. The values are prefetch, or safe. | prefetch |
| objectfetchtimeout | The timeout for objectfetches. The value is a Time Designation (see 8.4 Value Designations). | platform-specific |
| objectmaxage | Tells the platform the maximum acceptable age, in seconds, of cached objects. | platform-specific |
| objectmaxstale | Tells the platform the maximum acceptable staleness, in seconds, of expired cached objects. | platform-specific |
| scriptfetchhint | Tells whether scripts may be pre-fetched or not. The values are prefetch (the default), or safe. | prefetch |
| scriptfetchtimeout | The timeout for script fetches. The value is a Time Designation (see 8.4 Value Designations). | platform-specific |
| scriptmaxage | Tells the platform the maximum acceptable age, in seconds, of cached scripts. | platform-specific |
| scriptmaxstale | Tells the platform the maximum acceptable staleness, in seconds, of expired cached scripts. | platform-specific. |
| fetchaudio | The URI of the audio to play while waiting for a document to be fetched. The default is not to play any audio during fetch delays. There are no fetchaudio properties for audio, grammars, objects, and scripts. The fetching of the audio clip is governed by the audiofetchhint, audiomaxage, audiomaxstale, and fetchtimeout properties in effect at the time of the fetch. The playing of the audio clip is governed by the fetchaudiodelay, and fetchaudiominimum properties in effect at the time of the fetch. | undefined |
| fetchaudiodelay | The time interval to wait at the start of a fetch delay before playing the fetchaudio source. The value is a Time Designation (see 8.4 Value Designations). The default interval is platform-dependent, e.g. "2s". The idea is that when a fetch delay is short, it may be better to have a few seconds of silence instead of a bit of fetchaudio that is immediately cut off. | platform-specific |
| fetchaudiominimum | The minimum time interval to play a fetchaudio source, once started, even if the fetch result arrives in the meantime. The value is a Time Designation (see 8.4 Value Designations). The default is platform-dependent, e.g., "5s". The idea is that once the user does begin to hear fetchaudio, it should not be stopped too quickly. | platform-specific |
The following miscellaneous properties are defined.
| Name | Description | Default |
|---|---|---|
| inputmodes | This property determines which input modality to use. The input modes to enable: dtmf and voice. On platforms that support both modes, inputmodes defaults to "dtmf voice". To disable speech recognition, set inputmodes to "dtmf". To disable DTMF, set it to "voice". One use for this would be to turn off speech recognition in noisy environments. Another would be to conserve speech recognition resources by turning them off where the input is always expected to be DTMF. This property does not control the activation of grammars. For instance, voice-only grammars may be active when the inputmode is restricted to DTMF. Those grammars would not be matched, however, because the voice input modality is not active. | ??? |
| universals | Platforms may optionally provide platform-specific universal command grammars, such as "help", "cancel", or "exit" grammars, that are always active (except in the case of modal input items - see "Activation of Grammars" (link TBD)) and which generate specific events. Note that relying on platform-provided grammars is not good practice for production-grade applications (see 6.11 Builtin Grammar Module). Applications choosing to migrate from universals grammars to a more the robust developer-specified grammars should replace the universals <property> with one or more <link> (TODO, hyperlink) element(s). Because <link>s can also generate the same events as universal grammars, and because the <catch> handlers for the universal grammars persist outside the universals <property>, the migration should be seamless. The value "none" is the default, and means that all platform default universal command grammars are disabled. The value "all" turns them all on. Individual grammars are enabled by listing their names separated by spaces; for example, "cancel exit help". | none |
| maxnbest | This property controls the maximum size of the "application.lastresult$" array; the array is constrained to be no larger than the value specified by 'maxnbest'. This property has a minimum value of 1. | 1 |
The various timing properties for speech and DTMF recognition work together to define the user experience. The ways in which these different timing parameters function are outlined in the timing diagrams below. In these diagrams, the start for wait of DTMF input, or user speech both occur at the time that the last prompt has finished playing.
DTMF grammars use timeout, interdigittimeout, termtimeout and termchar as described in 8.2.2 DTMF Recognition Properties to tailor the user experience. The effects of these are shown in the following timing diagrams.
The timeout parameter determines when the <noinput> event is thrown because the user has failed to enter any DTMF. Once the first DTMF has been entered, this parameter has no further effect.
In the following diagram, the interdigittimeout determines when the nomatch event is thrown because a DTMF grammar is not yet recognized, and the user has failed to enter additional DTMF.
The example below shows the situation when a DTMF grammar could terminate, or extend by the addition of more DTMF input, and the user has elected not to provide any further input.
In the example below, a termchar is non-empty, and is entered by the user before an interdigittimeout expires, to signify that the users DTMF input is complete; the termchar is not included as part of the recognized value.
In the example below, the entry of the last DTMF has brought the grammar to a termination point at which no additional DTMF is expected. Since termchar is empty, there is no optional terminating character permitted, thus the recognition ends and the recognized value is returned.
In the example below, the entry of the last DTMF has brought the grammar to a termination point at which no additional DTMF is allowed by the grammar. If the termchar is non-empty, then the user can enter an optional termchar DTMF. If the user fails to enter this optional DTMF within termtimeout, the recognition ends and the recognized value is returned. If the termtimeout is 0s (the default), then the recognized value is returned immediately after the last DTMF allowed by the grammar, without waiting for the optional termchar. Note: the termtimeout applies only when no additional input is allowed by the grammar; otherwise, the interdigittimeout applies.
In this example, the entry of the last DTMF has brought the grammar to a termination point at which no additional DTMF is allowed by the grammar. Since the termchar is non-empty, the user enters the optional termchar within termtimeout causing the recognized value to be returned (excluding the termchar).
While waiting for the first or additional DTMF, three different timeouts may determine when the user's input is considered complete. If no DTMF has been entered, the timeout applies; if some DTMF has been entered but additional DTMF is valid, then the interdigittimeout applies; and if no additional DTMF is legal, then the termtimeout applies. At each point, the user may enter DTMF which is not permitted by the active grammar(s). This causes the collected DTMF string to be invalid. Additional digits will be collected until either the termchar is pressed or the interdigittimeout has elapsed. A nomatch event is then generated.
Speech grammars use timeout, completetimeout, and incompletetimeout as described in 8.2.3 Prompt and Collect Properties and 8.2.1 Speech Recognition Properties to tailor the user experience. The effects of these are shown in the following timing diagrams.
In the example below, the timeout parameter determines when the noinput event is thrown because the user has failed to speak.
Several VoiceXML parameter values follow the conventions used in the W3C's Cascading Style Sheet Recommendation [CSS2].
Integers are specified in decimal notation only. Integers may be preceded by a "-" or "+" to indicate the sign.
An integer consists of one or more digits "0" to "9".
This section presents some initial thoughts on how VoiceXML might be embedded within SCXML and how flow control languages such as SCXML and CCXML might be integrated into VoiceXML.
The following bank application example demonstrates how external vxml application could be invoked by a scxml script and vice versa. The state machine and flow control was implemented in the BankApp.scxml. The call is started from the BankApp.scxml, it will first call BankApp.vxml's form "getAccountNum" to collect the account number, then query database for checking and saving balance. The BankApp.scxml will then invoke the form "playBalance". If this form finds the accountType is not defined, it will invoke the AccountType.scxml, which will call BankApp.vxml form "getAccountType" to get the accountType. The "playBalance" will then play the balance on the corresponding account and return the call back to the BankApp.scxml.
BankApp.scxml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <scxml xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/07/scxml" xmlns:my="http://scxml.example.org/" version="1.0" initial="getAccountNum" profile="ecmascript" > <state id="getAccountNum"> <invoke targettype="vxml3" src="BankApp.vxml#getAccountNum" /> <transition event="vxml3.gotAccountNum" target="getBalance"/> </state> <state id="getBalance"> <datamodel> <data name="method" expr="'getBalance'"/> <data name="accountNum" expr="_data.accountNum"/> </datamodel> <send targettype="basichttp" target="BankDB.do" namelist="method accountNum" /> <transition event="basichttp.gotBalance" target="playingBalance"/> </state> <state id="playBalance"> <datamodel> <data name="checking_balance" expr="_data.checking.balance" /> <data name="saving_balance" expr="_data.saving.balance" /> </datamodel> <invoke targettype="vxml3" target="BankApp.vxml#playBalance" namelist="checking_balance saving_balance" /> <transition event="vxml3.playedBalance" target="exit" /> </state> <final id="exit"/> </scxml>
AccountType.scxml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <scxml xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/07/scxml" xmlns:my="http://scxml.example.org/" version="1.0" initial="getAccountType" profile="ecmascript" > <state id="getAccountType"> <invoke targettype="vxml3" src="BankApp.vxml#getAccountType" /> <transition event="vxml3.gotAccountType" target="exit"/> </state> <final id="exit"/> </scxml>
BankApp.vxml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!--  At the time this example is written, the syntax to do this has not yet been decided. --> <goto next="AccountType.scxml#getAccountType"/> </if> <if cond="accountType == 'checking'"> <prompt> The checking account balance is <value expr="checking_balance"/>. </prompt> <else> <prompt> The saving account balance is <value expr="saving_balance"/>. </prompt> </if> </block> </form> </vxml>
State Chart XML (SCXML) could be used as the controller for managing the dialog in VoiceXML 3.0 applications. A recursive MVC technique allows SCXML controllers to be placed at session, document and form levels. Examples of resulting compound documents (containing V3 and SCXML namespaced elements) appear below for illustration. A graceful degradation / fallback approach could be used to ensure backwards compatibility with V2 applications. Note that the examples below use a new v3:scxmlform element.
[ISSUE: It has been suggested that using the existing v3:form element instead of a new v3:scxmlform element would be simpler and more elegant. Although the working group currently knows of no particular reason why the existing v3:form couldn't be used instead of a new v3:scxmlform element, the group has not yet discussed this in detail or agreed that using v3:form in this way is desirable. The group plans to discuss this and is interested in receiving public feedback on this possibility.]
Example application scenario:
Below are two flavors of this application using SCXML as the form-level controller, a system-driven and a user-driven approach. These use similar set of fields in the form but different dialog management styles. In the simpler example here, the VUI might appear similar though there is a system vs. user driven flavor.
Consider the following sketch of a V3 form for this purpose:
<v3:scxmlform> <scxml:scxml initial="choice"> <scxml:state id="choice"> <scxml:invoke type="vxml3field" src="#choicefield"/> <scxml:transition event="filled.choice" cond="choicefield" target="locator"/> <scxml:transition event="filled.choice" cond="!choicefield" target="lastname"/> </scxml:state> <scxml:state id="locator"> <scxml:invoke type="vxml3field" src="#locatorfield"/> <!-- Retrieve record, transition to app menu --> </scxml:state> <scxml:state id="lastname"> <scxml:invoke type="vxml3field" src="#lastnamefield"/> <!-- Collect other information needed to retrieve record, then retrieve record and go to app menu --> </scxml:state> <!-- Remaining dialog control flow logic omitted --> </scxml:scxml> <v3:field name="choicefield"> <v3:grammar src="boolean.grxml" type="application/srgs+xml"/> <v3:prompt> Welcome. Do you have the record locator for your itinerary? <v3:prompt> <v3:filled> <v3:throw event="filled.choice"/> </v3:filled> </v3:field> <v3:field name="locatorfield"> <v3:grammar src="locator.grxml" type="application/srgs+xml"/> <v3:prompt> What is the record locator for the itinerary? <v3:prompt> <v3:filled> <v3:throw event="filled.locator"/> </v3:filled> </v3:field> <v3:field name="lastnamefield"> <v3:grammar src="lastname.grxml" type="application/srgs+xml"/> <v3:prompt> Please say or spell your last name. <v3:prompt> <v3:filled> <v3:throw event="filled.lastname"/> </v3:filled> </v3:field> <!-- Other form items, such as the subsequent application menu omitted --> </v3:scxmlform>
Consider the following sketch of a V3 form for this purpose:
<v3:scxmlform> <scxml:scxml initial="choice"> <scxml:state id="choice"> <scxml:invoke type="vxml3field" src="#choicefield"/> <scxml:transition event="filled.choice" cond="choicefield == 'locator'" target="locator"/> <scxml:transition event="filled.choice" cond="choicefield == 'lastname'" target="lastname"/> </scxml:state> <scxml:state id="locator"> <scxml:invoke type="vxml3field" src="#locatorfield"/> <!-- Retrieve record, transition to app menu --> </scxml:state> <scxml:state id="lastname"> <scxml:invoke type="vxml3field" src="#lastnamefield"/> <!-- Collect other information needed to retrieve record, then retrieve record and go to app menu --> </scxml:state> <!-- Remaining dialog control flow logic omitted --> </scxml:scxml> <v3:field name="choicefield"> <v3:grammar src="choice.grxml" type="application/srgs+xml"/> <v3:prompt> Welcome. How would you like to look up your itinerary? <v3:prompt> <v3:filled> <v3:throw event="filled.choice"/> </v3:filled> </v3:field> <v3:field name="locatorfield"> <v3:grammar src="locator.grxml" type="application/srgs+xml"/> <v3:prompt> What is the record locator for the itinerary? <v3:prompt> <v3:filled> <v3:throw event="filled.locator"/> </v3:filled> </v3:field> <v3:field name="lastnamefield"> <v3:grammar src="lastname.grxml" type="application/srgs+xml"/> <v3:prompt> Please say or spell your last name. <v3:prompt> <v3:filled> <v3:throw event="filled.lastname"/> </v3:filled> </v3:field> <!-- Other form items, such as the subsequent application menu omitted --> </v3:scxmlform>
One possibility with this approach is that the absence of an <scxml:scxml> child element in a <v3:scxmlform> could revert behavior to be identical to a <v2:form> element where the V2 Form Interpretation Algorithm would be in charge. In the presence of a <scxml:scxml> child, the FIA would be suppressed and the more expressive SCXML controller used, which would allow application developers to design the form VUI in a very flexible manner. In other words, the following <v3:scxmlform> below:
<v3:scxmlform> <!-- No SCXML child --> <!-- Various form items etc. --> </v3:scxmlform>
behaves as would:
<v2:form> <!-- Various form items etc. --> </v2:form>
The above example illustrated a form-level SCXML controller. SCXML could perhaps also be used as a document level controller, where it would be managing the interaction across v3:forms, rather than v3:fields. To illustrate:
<v3:vxml> <scxml:scxml ...> <!-- document level controller managing interaction across form1, form2 and form3 --> </scxml:scxml> <v3:form id="form1"> <!-- form1 content, might also have a form level SCXML controller --> </v3:form> <v3:form id="form2"> <!-- form2 content, might also have a form level SCXML controller --> </v3:form> <v3:form id="form3"> <!-- form3 content, might also have a form level SCXML controller --> </v3:form> </v3:vxml>
This version of VoiceXML was written with the participation of members of the W3C Voice Browser Working Group. The work of the following members has significantly facilitated the development of this specification:
The W3C Voice Browser Working Group would like to thank the W3C team, especially Kazuyuki Ashimura and Matt Womer, for their invaluable administrative and technical support.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns="TBD" targetNamespace="TBD" blockDefault="#all"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> This is the XML Schema driver for Legacy Profile of Vxml 3.0 specification. Please use this namespace for the Legacy Profile: "TBD:URL to schema" </xsd:documentation> <xsd:documentation source="vxml3-copyright.xsd"/> </xsd:annotation> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> This is the Schema Driver file for Legacy Profile of Vxml 3.0 Specification This schema + sets the namespace for Legacy Profile of Vxml 3.0 Specification + imports external schemas (xml.xsd) + imports schema modules Legacy Profile includes the following Modules * Vxml Root module * Form module * Field module * Prompt module * Grammar module * Data Access and Manipulation Module </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> <xsd:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" schemaLocation="http://www.w3.org/2001/xml.xsd"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> This import brings in the XML namespace attributes The XML attributes are used by various modules. </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> </xsd:import> <xsd:include schemaLocation="vxml-datatypes.xsd"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> This imports brings in the common datatypes for Vxml. </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> </xsd:include> <xsd:include schemaLocation="vxml-attribs.xsd"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> This imports brings in the common attributes for Vxml. </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> </xsd:include> <xsd:include schemaLocation="vxml3-module-vxmlroot.xsd"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> This imports the Vxml Root module for Vxml 3.0 </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> </xsd:include> <xsd:include schemaLocation="vxml3-module-form.xsd"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> This imports the Form module for Vxml 3.0 </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> </xsd:include> <xsd:include schemaLocation="vxml3-module-field.xsd"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> This imports the Field module for Vxml 3.0 </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> </xsd:include> <xsd:include schemaLocation="vxml3-module-prompt.xsd"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> This imports the Prompt module for Vxml 3.0 </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> </xsd:include> <xsd:include schemaLocation="vxml3-module-grammar.xsd"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> This imports the Grammar module for Vxml 3.0 </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> </xsd:include> <xsd:include schemaLocation="vxml3-module-dataacces.xsd"> <xsd:annotation> <xsd:documentation> This imports the Data Access and Manipulation module for Vxml 3.0 </xsd:documentation> </xsd:annotation> </xsd:include> </xsd:schema>
| Editorial note | |
| The schema is incomplete. It merely imports the schemas for various modules, but doesn't contain parent/child relationships between modules or constraints on them. These all need to be specified in the future. |
VoiceXML 2 defines shorthand notation for several fundamental capabilities. For example, some <catch> elements can be represented in a shortened form:
<noinput>I didn’t hear anything. </noinput>
is equivalent to:
<catch event="noinput"> I didn’t hear anything. </catch>
This notation could be transformed via standard text substitution tools.
In addition to the fundamental <form> / <field> / <grammar> structure, VoiceXML 2 defines several simplified dialog specification mechanisms. These "syntactic shorthand" representations make it easier to build some types of dialogs.
For example, <menu> provides a means of allowing a user to select from a short list of items. The syntactic notation provides several shortcuts:
Another shorthand notation uses the standard <form> and <field> but simplifies the specification of a speech grammar through the <option> element. It isn’t necessary for a developer to understand SRGS in order to specify a phrase and associated semantic return value.
The following examples demonstrate the different V2 syntactic mechanisms that provide identical functionality.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <vxml version="2.0" …> <menu dtmf="true"> <prompt> Say one of: <enumerate/> </prompt> <!-- DTMF choices are automatically generated since dtmf="true" is -- -- set, except where explicitly specified. --> <choice dtmf="0" next="#operator"> operator </choice> <choice next="http://sports.example.com/start.vxml"> sports </choice> <choice next="http://weather.example.com/intro.vxml"> weather </choice> <choice next="http://news.example.com/news.vxml"> news </choice> </menu> </vxml>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <vxml version="2.0" …> <form id="get_choice"> <!-- Link emulates ‘operator’ choice in menu --> <link next="#operator"/> <grammar mode="voice" version="1.0" root="root"> <rule id="root" scope="public"> operator </rule> </grammar> <grammar mode="dtmf" version="1.0" root="root2"> <rule id="root2" scope="public"> 0 </rule> </grammar> </link> <field name="choice"> <prompt> Say one of: <enumerate/> </prompt> <option dtmf="1" value="sports"> sports </option> <option dtmf="2" value="weather"> weather </option> <option dtmf="3" value="news"> news </option> <filled> <if cond="choice == 'sports'"> <goto next="http://sports.example.com/start.vxml"/> <elseif cond="choice == 'weather'"/> <goto next="http://weather.example.com/intro.vxml"/> <elseif cond="choice == 'news'"/> <goto next="http://news.example.com/news.vxml"/> <else/> </if> </filled> </field> </form> </vxml>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <vxml version="2.0" …> <form id="get_choice"> <!-- Link emulates ‘operator’ choice in menu --> <link next="#operator"/> <grammar mode="voice" version="1.0" root="root"> <rule id="root" scope="public"> operator </rule> </grammar> <grammar mode="dtmf" version="1.0" root="root2"> <rule id="root2" scope="public"> 0 </rule> </grammar> </link> <field name="choice"> <prompt> Say one of sports, weather, news. </prompt> <grammar mode="voice" version="1.0" root="root"> <rule id="root" scope="public"> <one-of> <item> sports </item> <item> weather </item> <item> news </item> </one-of> </rule> </grammar> <grammar mode="dtmf" version="1.0" root="root2"> <rule id="root2" scope="public"> <one-of> <item> 1 </item> <item> 2 </item> <item> 3 </item> </one-of> </rule> </grammar> <filled> <if cond="choice == '1' || 'sports'"> <goto next="http://sports.example.com/start.vxml"/> <elseif cond="choice == '2' || 'weather'"/> <goto next="http://weather.example.com/intro.vxml"/> <elseif cond="choice == '3' || 'news'"/> <goto next="http://news.example.com/news.vxml"/> <else/> </if> </filled> </field> </form> </vxml>


To confirm your role, you must download, print and return a declaration form.
Download the form (PDF, {{pdfFileSize}})
Print and complete your declaration form and send it to your local electoral registration office as soon as you can. Your application is not complete until they receive the form.


| DC Research Prem | http://www.dcresearch.co.uk/ | |||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | ||||
| Name | Current rank | Events Completed | DC points best 6 | Hard 5 | Hard 9.5 | Hard 20 | Kib 25 | Kib 25 | Midd 25 | Kib 10 | Naseby 20 | Lub 25 | HC | Blast 5 |
| Matt Plews | 1 | 9 | 355 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 51 | 0 | 55 | 60 | 51 | 60 | 60 | 55 |
| Timothy Smith | 2 | 6 | 334 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | 60 | 48 | 60 | 51 | 0 | 60 |
| Jonathan Durnin | 3 | 8 | 308 | 48 | 55 | 51 | 48 | 51 | 0 | 55 | 48 | 48 | 0 | 0 |
| Phil Rayner | 4 | 5 | 285 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 60 | 60 | 0 | 0 | 55 | 55 | 0 | 0 |
| Adrian Killworth | 5 | 6 | 276 | 46 | 46 | 48 | 44 | 46 | 46 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| James Lowe | 6 | 5 | 265 | 0 | 0 | 60 | 55 | 0 | 48 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 51 |
| Peter Bentley | 7 | 5 | 248 | 0 | 48 | 55 | 46 | 48 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Matt Crabtree | 8 | 1 | 51 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Hans van Nierop | 8 | 1 | 51 | 0 | 51 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |


1. What is the name of the Foo Fighters first album?
2. How old were Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix, Jim Morrison, and Kurt Cobain when they died?
3. What was The Notorius BIGs real name?
4. What year did Stevie Wonder debut his first album?
5. Where are the members of the band Rise Against from?


The following settings are used to modify the behavior of this extension. Please click save when you have finished changing your settings.


Configuration¶
When initializing a session interface, you have a number of optional arguments for configuring your session.
- domain (str, optional):
- Optional domain which will be attached to the cookie. Defaults to None.
- expiry (int, optional):
- Seconds until the session should expire. Defaults to 2592000 (30 days). Setting this to 0 or None will set the session as permanent.
- httponly (bool, optional):
- Adds the httponly flag to the session cookie. Defaults to True.
- cookie_name (str, optional):
- Name used for the client cookie. Defaults to “session”.
- prefix (str, optional):
- Storage keys will take the format of prefix+<session_id>. Specify the prefix here.
Example:
session_interface = InMemorySessionInterface(
domain='.example.com', expiry=0,
httponly=False, cookie_name="cookie", prefix="sessionprefix:")
Will result in a session that:
- Will be valid only on example.com.
- Will never expire.
- Will be accessible by Javascript.
- Will be named “cookie” on the client.
- will be named “sessionprefix:<sid>” in the session store.


Polygems is a simple puzzle game about searching for hidden gems on a hexagonal grid.
Privacy policy


Page 1 of 1
server still down
Posted:
Wed Nov 05, 2008 5:52 pm
by deathstalker
ok it is time to hang thad lol just kidding
but on a serious note when is server gonna be up
i really need my evidyon fix. i mean i am starting
to get the jerks.this is almost a week now that it
has been down. any how i hope that he is alright.
and that nothing serious has happened.
well gl everyone.hope to see yall soon.
Re: server still down
Posted:
Wed Nov 05, 2008 7:24 pm
by Karl G.
Yeah i know I'm sorry
I still haven't heard from Thad.
Don't worry, I've been shopping around and have found a host for the game once it goes live. My intent at this point is to go into open beta in January and at that point I'll move to a paid server.
Unfortunately...they are rather expensive :/
Re: server still down
Posted:
Thu Nov 06, 2008 5:11 am
by prehistoric
a good game is worth paying for, especially for a game in all of OUR expectations. it's gunna be badass. I'll pay2 play up to like 15 a month if i have to.
on an edited note... sign me up for the beta too. ill be here.
Re: server still down
Posted:
Thu Nov 06, 2008 7:08 am
by Karl G.
Thanks for your support
My hope is that when I have to start charging for the game in January, I'll take the amount that exceeds what I pay for the servers and use it to buy more content until summer. At that point I'm really thinking about doing this full-time for a summer--just imagine what could happen then!
Re: server still down
Posted:
Thu Nov 06, 2008 12:25 pm
by Sankt Pauli
Do i get this right, you plan on making this pay2play in january?
That kinda looks a bit rushed to me, i mean that's in about FOUR weeks. Also wouldn't it mean you'd be jumping from a private alpha to a "final" game? I highly suggest a (free) open beta phase in between to get some playerbase before going into a pay2play state.
Re: server still down
Posted:
Thu Nov 06, 2008 1:06 pm
by Karl G.
I think you're missing 2 months in there
I was intending the end of January, making it about 12 weeks away.
Now that you mention it, it does seem reasonable to have it be free for a while.
Re: server still down
Posted:
Thu Nov 06, 2008 1:30 pm
by Broken Star
Your player base in coming from people who no longer play xen, waiting longer gives more people the chance to quit and still try evidyon while its free. Get them hooked while its free then change to p2p, maybe you should have a goal number of players till you switch to p2p rather then a goal date.
Re: server still down
Posted:
Thu Nov 06, 2008 5:26 pm
by deathstalker
ahh sanp got a good debate going on here.
see what i started lol.
ne how whenever you make it a p2p
server i will still play the game.
evidyon for life. well good luck all
and by the way server still down lol
but guess u already knew that.
hope to see everyone when server comes back up.
o yea and on the xen thing
f==k xenimus that game has really gotten
stupid. ne how keep up the good work karl.
Re: server still down
Posted:
Fri Nov 07, 2008 12:43 am
by Draco
I say go with limited play for people who don't pay... and/or benefits for paying customers, and really big benefits for high paying customers. I have a few ideas, I'll throw them around... just not in this thread lol.
Re: server still down
Posted:
Fri Nov 07, 2008 1:05 am
by Sankt Pauli
Aye lol, i messed that one up, ment EIGHT and not FOUR. :p


Rose/HTML is a Rational Rose Add-In created by Clarity Development, LLC. It is being offered free to the Rose community. Since you get what you pay for, support is rather limited. This web page contains an HTML form that, if you are connected to the Internet, will send us your comments, feature requests or bug reports. If you are not please visit our web site for contact information.
We are committed to making Rose/HTML a quality product. Any and all feedback you can send is appreciated (and given the size of the Rose community, it might actually be read!) This product was primarily created for our own benefit, and as such has only tested in environments that we work in. If this product does not behave well in yours we want to know, because someday we might be there with you!
Please use this form to send us you thoughts. All the information on this form is optional (although entering in nothing really doesn't do either of us much now does it). We would appreciate your name and email address, and promise to not divulge it to anyone. If you do enter your email address, we will in the future send you information on product enhancements and patches, however, at any time you may remove yourself from the list (we hate spam just as much as you).
The Form


As the news broke this afternoon that the legendary RTÉ broadcaster had passed away at the age of 85, social media was quickly filled with tributes and fond memories.
President Michael D Higgins led the tributes describing Gay Byrne as a man of great charisma, who was possessed of effortless wit, charm, and who had a flair for broadcasting.
Colleagues, journalists and entertainers from home and abroad shared their thoughts on a media legend.
Among them was Stephen Fry, whose response when Gay Byrne asked him what he would say if he were to come face-to-face with god went viral.
Speaking to Drivetime on RTÉ this evening, Mr Fry said that it was an honour and a pleasure to have been interviewed by him both on the Late Late Show and on The Meaning of Life with Gay Byrne.
"Such was his standing in Ireland that I would be stopped on the street the next day with greetings like 'Ah, I see you were on the show with Himself last night' … or 'When will you be coming back to talk to Himself again?'
To have earned the soubriquet Himself says something, I reckon.
"My most notorious experience with Himself came when he dropped me a question which led to quite a hoo-ha.
"I fear I shocked him somewhat with my reply, but he couldn’t not have been more delightful, charming and – I think – tolerantly amused by my wickedness.
"So here’s to Himself. Who knows? Maybe he will wake up in a certain place and be able to pass on my regards."
Many others shared their tributes, memories and condolences on Twitter where numerous hashtags attributed to the icon's passing trended all night.
Tributes were paid to Gay Byrne for his tireless work campaigning for safer roads.
It seemed almost everyone wanted to share some of their special memories and say what Gay Byrne meant to them.
Ar dheis Dé go raibh a anam.


Hello,
I have installed emoncms3 on a windows server running wamp. I got it most of the way going except that none of the feed bar graphs will show up. In chrome console I'm getting a warning:
Resource interpreted as Other but transferred with MIME type undefined.
All i see is a blank page with the emoncms menu and footer.
In the resources list i dont see any of the js files. I'm guessing its a server config problem but I can't seem to figure it out. I tried adding AddType application/x-javascript .js to my httpd.conf file but that didnt seem to help.
Any Ideas?
Thanks,
Ryan
Re: Help with emoncms3
First i think you have to check if you are running php5.
Re: Help with emoncms3
Yep running php 5.5.16, apache 2.2.21
One thing to note i just setup cms2 on the same server and everything for it runs just fine.
Re: Help with emoncms3
Ok the error i was getting "Resource interpreted as Other but transferred with MIME type undefined." doesnt seem to be related. It was just complaining about android.css which isnt there. Still searching..
Re: Help with emoncms3
Figured it out. Problem was on line 30 of index.php
$q = preg_replace('/[^.\/a-z]/','',$_GET['q']); // filter out all except a-z / .
This uppercase letters were getting stripped out so the calls to emoncms/Vis/... were getting stripped to emoncms/is/...
Changed to following and all is well.
$q = preg_replace('/[^.\/A-z]/','',$_GET['q']); // filter out all except A-z / .


Nepal cries foul over new India map
by AFPNepal on Wednesday objected to a new map released by India that places the disputed area of Kalapani within Delhi's borders, saying it was "clear" the territory belonged to Kathmandu.
On Saturday, India released the new map following its decision to split the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two administrative territories.
On the map, India's border cuts into Kalapani -- long a source of contention between the two countries, particularly because Indian troops have been deployed in the area for more than 50 years.
Nepal "is committed to protecting its international border," the foreign ministry said in a statement.
"Any border-related issue relating to the two friendly countries needs to be resolved through diplomatic channels on the basis of historical documents and evidence."
"The Nepal government will not accept any unilateral decision," it added.
An 1816 treaty established Nepal's western boundary with India along the Kali River, but border disputes have arisen over a discrepancy between the two sides over where the source of the river is located.
Rajan Bhattarai, the foreign relations advisor to Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli, said a solution would be sought through talks.
"We have to verify the authenticity of the map and examine the borderline from our concerned authorities and experts. Then we will start talks using our diplomatic channels," Bhattarai told AFP.


Billions of neuron work together in a highly parallel manner to form the most sophisticated computing device known as the human brain. A single neuron:
- receives the electrical signals from the axons of other neurons through dendrites. Signals can come from different organs such as eyes and ears.
- modulates the signals in various amounts at the synapses between the dendrite and axons.
- fires an output signal only when the total strength of the input signals exceed a certain threshold. This signal is sent further to other neurons.
More information about a biological neuron can be found on Wikipedia.
Artificial Neuron
An artificial neuron is a mathematical model of a biological neuron. The steps mentined for a biological neuron can be mapped to an artificial neuron as:
- an artificial neuron receives the input as numerical values rather than the electrical signals. Input can come from different sources such as an image or a text.
- it then multiplies each of the input value by a value called the weight.
- weighted sum is calculated then to represent the total strength of the input signal, and an activation function is applied on the sum to get the output. This output can be sent further to other artificial neurons.
The artificial neuron receives one or more inputs (representing dendrites) and sums them to produce an output (representing a neuron's axon). Usually the sums of each node are weighted, and the sum is passed through a non-linear function known as an activation function or transfer function. The transfer functions usually have a sigmoid shape, but they may also take the form of other non-linear functions, piecewise linear functions, or step functions. They are also often monotonically increasing, continuous, differentiable and bounded.
Considering only a single input vector x:
- is our activation function.
- are the elements of the input vector x.
- are the elements of the weight vector w.
- is the output.
Notice that in terms of “learning” in almost all of the machine learning algorithms, we learn the weight parameters .
Activation Function
An artificial neuron using a step activation function is known as a Perceptron. Perceptron can act as a binary classifier based on if the value of the activation function is above or below a threashold. But step activation function may not be a good choice every time.
In fact, a small change in the weights or bias of any single perceptron in the network can sometimes cause the output of that perceptron to completely flip, say from 0 to 1. That flip may then cause the behaviour of the rest of the network to completely change in some very complicated way. So while your "9" might now be classified correctly, the behaviour of the network on all the other images is likely to have completely changed in some hard-to-control way. That makes it difficult to see how to gradually modify the weights and biases so that the network gets closer to the desired behaviour.
There are other activation functions which seem to work generally better in most of the cases, such as tanh or maxout functions.
"What neuron type should I use?" Use the ReLU non-linearity, be careful with your learning rates and possibly monitor the fraction of "dead" units in a network. If this concerns you, give Leaky ReLU or Maxout a try. Never use sigmoid. Try tanh, but expect it to work worse than ReLU/Maxout.
This ends the brief overview of a neuron. In the coming posts I’ll try to cover some of the things we can do with a neuron. Till then, enjoy!


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| For the law having a shadow of good things to come, and not the very image of the things, can never with those sacrifices which they offered year by year continually make the comers thereunto perfect.
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| ᏗᎧᎿᎭᏩᏛᏍᏗᏰᏃ ᎣᏍᏛ ᎤᎵᏰᎢᎶᎯᏍᏗ ᎨᏒ ᎤᏓᏩᏗᏍᏙᏛ ᏧᏪᎲᎩ, ᎠᎴ ᎠᎧᎵᎢ ᏗᏟᎶᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᏥᎨᏒᎩ, ᎥᏝ ᏰᎵᎦ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᏗᏓᏍᎪᎸᏙᏗ ᏓᏅᏗᏍᎬ, ᏂᏓᏕᏘᏴᎯᏒ ᏂᎪᎯᎸ ᏥᏓᎾᎵᏍᎪᎸᏗᏍᎨᎢ ᎾᎿᎭᎠᏂᎷᎩ ᏄᏂᎪᎸᎾ ᎢᎬᏩᏅᏁᏗ ᏱᎨᏎᎢ.
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Di-ka-hna-wa-dv-s-di-ye-no o-s-dv u-li-ye-i-lo-hi-s-di ge-sv u-da-wa-di-s-do-dv tsu-we-hv-gi, a-le a-ka-li-i di-tli-lo-s-ta-nv-hi ni-ge-sv-na tsi-ge-sv-gi, v-tla ye-li-ga, na-s-gi di-da-s-go-lv-do-di da-nv-di-s-gv, ni-da-de-ti-yv-hi-sv ni-go-hi-lv tsi-da-na-li-s-go-lv-di-s-ge-i na-hna a-ni-lu-gi nu-ni-go-lv-na i-gv-wa-nv-ne-di yi-ge-se-i.
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| For then would they not have ceased to be offered? because that the worshippers once purged should have had no more conscience of sins.
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| ᎢᏳᏰᏃ ᏰᎵᏉ ᏱᎨᏎᎢ, Ꮭ ᏱᎬᏩᏂᏲᎯᏍᏔᏁ ᏧᎾᎵᏍᎪᎸᏗᏍᎬᎢ; ᎠᎾᎵᏍᎪᎸᏗᏍᎩᏰᏃ ᎨᏒ ᏌᏉ ᏱᏄᎾᏓᏅᎦᎸᎮ ᎥᏝ ᎿᎭᏉ ᎠᏂᏍᎦᎾ ᏱᎬᏩᏂᏰᎸᏎᎢ.
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I-yu-ye-no ye-li-quo yi-ge-se-i, tla yi-gv-wa-ni-yo-hi-s-ta-ne tsu-na-li-s-go-lv-di-s-gv-i; a-na-li-s-go-lv-di-s-gi-ye-no ge-sv sa-quo yi-nu-na-da-nv-ga-lv-he v-tla hna-quo a-ni-s-ga-na yi-gv-wa-ni-ye-lv-se-i.
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| But in those sacrifices there is a remembrance again made of sins every year.
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| ᎾᏍᎩᏍᎩᏂ Ꮎ ᏓᎾᎵᏍᎪᎸᏗᏍᎬᎢ, ᏂᏓᏕᏘᏴᎯᏒ ᎤᎾᏅᏓᏗᏏᏐᏗᏉ ᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᏍᎪ ᎤᏂᏍᎦᏅᏨᎢ.
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Na-s-gi-s-gi-ni na da-na-li-s-go-lv-di-s-gv-i, ni-da-de-ti-yv-hi-sv u-na-nv-da-di-si-so-di-quo ni-ga-li-s-di-s-go u-ni-s-ga-nv-tsv-i.
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| For it is not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats should take away sins.
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| ᎥᏝᏰᏃ ᏩᎦ ᏧᎾᎪᏅᏍᏓᎵ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏫ ᏗᏂᎭᏄᎸᎯ ᎤᏂᎩᎬ ᏰᎵ ᎬᏩᏂᎲᏍᏗ ᏱᎨᏎ ᎠᏍᎦᏂ ᎨᏒᎢ.
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V-tla-ye-no wa-ga tsu-na-go-nv-s-da-li a-le a-wi di-ni-ha-nu-lv-hi u-ni-gi-gv ye-li gv-wa-ni-hv-s-di yi-ge-se a-s-ga-ni ge-sv-i.
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| Wherefore when he cometh into the world, he saith, Sacrifice and offering thou wouldest not, but a body hast thou prepared me:
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| ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ (ᎦᎶᏁᏛ) ᎡᎶᎯ ᎤᎾᏄᎪᏥᎸ, ᎯᎠ ᏄᏪᏎᎢ, ᎠᏥᎸ-ᎨᎳᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎢᎵᏍᎪᎸᏙᏗ ᎨᏒ ᎥᏝ ᏰᎵ ᏱᏗᏣᏰᎸᏁᎢ, ᎠᏰᎸᏍᎩᏂ ᏍᏆᏛᏅᎢᏍᏓᏁᎸ.
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Na-s-gi i-yu-s-di (Ga-lo-ne-dv) e-lo-hi u-na-nu-go-tsi-lv, hi-a nu-we-se-i, A-tsi-lv--ge-la-s-do-di a-le i-li-s-go-lv-do-di ge-sv v-tla ye-li yi-di-tsa-ye-lv-ne-i, a-ye-lv-s-gi-ni s-qua-dv-nv-i-s-da-ne-lv.
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| In burnt offerings and sacrifices for sin thou hast had no pleasure.
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| ᏧᏃᏍᏛ ᎠᏥᎸ-ᏗᎨᎳᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᏗᎵᏍᎪᎸᏙᏗ ᎠᏍᎦᏂ ᎠᎫᏴᏙᏗ ᎥᏝ ᎣᏏᏳ ᏱᏗᏣᏰᎸᏁᎢ;
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Tsu-no-s-dv a-tsi-lv--di-ge-la-s-do-di a-le di-li-s-go-lv-do-di a-s-ga-ni a-gu-yv-do-di v-tla o-si-yu yi-di-tsa-ye-lv-ne-i;
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| Then said I, Lo, I come (in the volume of the book it is written of me,) to do thy will, O God.
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| ᎿᎭᏉᏃ ᎯᎠ ᎾᎩᏪᏒᎩ, ᎬᏂᏳᏉ ᏥᎷᎩ, [ᎪᏪᎵᎯ ᎪᏪᎳ ᎥᎩᏃᎮᏍᎬᎢ,] [ᏥᎷᎩ] ᏄᏍᏛ ᏣᏚᎵᏍᎬ ᎢᏯᏆᏛᏁᏗ Ᏹ, ᏣᏁᎳᏅᎯ.
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Hna-quo-no hi-a na-gi-we-sv-gi, Gv-ni-yu-quo tsi-lu-gi, [go-we-li-hi go-we-la v-gi-no-he-s-gv-i,] [tsi-lu-gi] nu-s-dv tsa-du-li-s-gv i-ya-qua-dv-ne-di yi, Tsa-ne-la-nv-hi.
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| Above when he said, Sacrifice and offering and burnt offerings and offering for sin thou wouldest not, neither hadst pleasure therein; which are offered by the law;
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| ᎦᏳᎳ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏳᏪᏛ ᏥᎩ, ᎠᏥᎸᎨᎳᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᎴ ᎠᎵᏍᎪᎸᏙᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᏧᏃᏍᏗ ᎠᏥᎸ-ᏗᎨᎳᏍᏙᏗ, ᎠᎴ ᏗᎵᏍᎪᎸᏙᏗ ᎠᏍᎦᏂ ᎠᎫᏴᏙᏗ, ᎥᏝ ᏰᎵ ᏱᏗᏣᏰᎸᏁᎢ, ᎥᏝ ᎠᎴ ᎣᏏᏳ ᏱᏗᏣᏰᎸᏁᎢ; ᎾᏍᎩ ᏗᎧᎿᎭᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩᏯ ᏂᎬᏅ ᏗᎵᏍᎪᎸᏔᏅᎯ ᏥᎨᏎᎢ;
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Ga-yu-la hi-a i-yu-we-dv tsi-gi, A-tsi-lv-ge-la-s-do-di a-le a-li-s-go-lv-do-di, a-le tsu-no-s-di a-tsi-lv--di-ge-la-s-do-di, a-le di-li-s-go-lv-do-di a-s-ga-ni a-gu-yv-do-di, v-tla ye-li yi-di-tsa-ye-lv-ne-i, v-tla a-le o-si-yu yi-di-tsa-ye-lv-ne-i; na-s-gi di-ka-hna-wa-dv-s-di na-s-gi-ya ni-gv-nv di-li-s-go-lv-ta-nv-hi tsi-ge-se-i;
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| Then said he, Lo, I come to do thy will, O God. He taketh away the first, that he may establish the second.
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| ᎿᎭᏉ ᎯᎠ ᏄᏪᏎᎢ, ᎬᏂᏳᏉ, ᏥᎷᎩ ᏄᏍᏛ ᏣᏚᎵᏍᎬ ᎢᏯᏆᏛᏁᏗᏱ ᏣᏁᎳᏅᎯ. ᎢᎬᏱᏱ [ᎤᏁᎢᏍᏔᏅ] ᎠᏲᏍᏗᎭ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᏔᎵᏁ [ᎤᏁᎢᏍᏔᏅ] ᎤᏍᏓᏱᏗᏍᏗᏱ.
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Hna-quo hi-a nu-we-se-i, Gv-ni-yu-quo, tsi-lu-gi nu-s-dv tsa-du-li-s-gv i-ya-qua-dv-ne-di-yi Tsa-ne-la-nv-hi. I-gv-yi-yi [u-ne-i-s-ta-nv] a-yo-s-di-ha, na-s-gi ta-li-ne [u-ne-i-s-ta-nv] u-s-da-yi-di-s-di-yi.
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| By the which will we are sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all.
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| [ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯᏰᏃ] ᎣᏏᏳ ᎤᏰᎸᏗ ᎡᎩᏅᎦᎸᏗᏱ ᏥᏌ ᎦᎶᏁᏛ ᎠᏰᎸ ᏌᏉ ᎢᏯᎵᏍᎪᎸᏔᏅᎯ ᎨᏒ ᎢᏳᏩᏂᏌᏛ.
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[U-ne-la-nv-hi-ye-no] o-si-yu u-ye-lv-di e-gi-nv-ga-lv-di-yi Tsi-sa Ga-lo-ne-dv a-ye-lv sa-quo i-ya-li-s-go-lv-ta-nv-hi ge-sv i-yu-wa-ni-sa-dv.
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| And every priest standeth daily ministering and offering oftentimes the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins:
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| ᎠᎴ ᎾᏂᎥ ᎠᏥᎸ-ᎠᏁᎶᎯ ᏓᏂᏙᎨ ᏚᏂᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᎮ ᏂᏓᏙᏓᏈᏒᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᏂᎪᎯᎸ ᎤᏠᏱᏉ ᎠᏥᎸ-ᏗᎨᎳᏍᏙᏗ ᏧᎾᎵᏍᎪᎸᏗᏍᎨᎢ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏂ ᎨᏒ ᎢᎸᎯᏳ ᏰᎵ ᎬᏩᎲᏍᏗ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎨᏒᎢ.
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A-le na-ni-v a-tsi-lv--a-ne-lo-hi da-ni-do-ge du-ni-lv-wi-s-da-ne-he ni-da-do-da-qui-sv-i, a-le ni-go-hi-lv u-tlo-yi-quo a-tsi-lv--di-ge-la-s-do-di tsu-na-li-s-go-lv-di-s-ge-i, na-s-gi a-s-ga-ni ge-sv i-lv-hi-yu ye-li gv-wa-hv-s-di ni-ge-sv-na ge-sv-i.
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| But this man, after he had offered one sacrifice for sins for ever, sat down on the right hand of God;
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| ᎯᎠᏍᎩᏂ ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᏌᏉ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᎪᎸᏔᏅᎯ ᎨᏎ ᎠᏥᎸ-ᎨᎳᏍᏙᏗ ᎠᏍᎦᏂ ᎠᎫᎪᏙᏗ, ᎤᏪᏁ ᎤᎵᏍᏆᏗᏍᏗ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᎦᏗᏏᏗᏢ ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ ᎤᏬᎸᎢ;
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Hi-a-s-gi-ni a-s-ga-ya sa-quo i-yu-li-s-go-lv-ta-nv-hi ge-se a-tsi-lv--ge-la-s-do-di a-s-ga-ni a-gu-go-do-di, u-we-ne u-li-s-qua-di-s-di ni-ge-sv-na a-ga-di-si-di-tlv U-ne-la-nv-hi u-wo-lv-i;
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| From henceforth expecting till his enemies be made his footstool.
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| ᎠᎴ ᎿᎭᏉ ᏂᎪᎯᎸ ᎠᎦᏘᏯ ᎬᏂ ᎬᏩᏍᎦᎩ ᏧᎳᏏᏗᏱ ᎦᏍᎩᎶ ᏂᎨᎬᏁᎸᎭ.
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A-le hna-quo ni-go-hi-lv a-ga-ti-ya gv-ni gv-wa-s-ga-gi tsu-la-si-di-yi ga-s-gi-lo ni-ge-gv-ne-lv-ha.
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| For by one offering he hath perfected for ever them that are sanctified.
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| ᏌᏉᏰᏃ ᎢᏳᎵᏍᎪᎸᏔᏅᎯ ᎨᏒ ᎤᏮᏔᏅ ᎤᎵᏍᏆᏗᏍᏗ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᏄᏂᎪᎸᎾ ᏂᏚᏩᏁᎸ ᎾᏍᎩ Ꮎ ᎾᏂᏍᎦᏅᎾ ᎢᎨᎬᏁᎸᎯ.
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Sa-quo-ye-no i-yu-li-s-go-lv-ta-nv-hi ge-sv u-wv-ta-nv u-li-s-qua-di-s-di ni-ge-sv-na nu-ni-go-lv-na ni-du-wa-ne-lv na-s-gi na na-ni-s-ga-nv-na i-ge-gv-ne-lv-hi.
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| Whereof the Holy Ghost also is a witness to us: for after that he had said before,
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| ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᏉ ᎦᎸᏉᏗ ᎠᏓᏅᏙ ᎣᎪᎯᏳᏓᏁᎯ; ᎦᏳᎳᏰᏃ ᎯᎠ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᏳᏪᏛ ᏂᎨᏐᎢ,
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A-le na-s-quo Ga-lv-quo-di A-da-nv-do o-go-hi-yu-da-ne-hi; ga-yu-la-ye-no hi-a na-s-gi i-yu-we-dv ni-ge-so-i,
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| This is the covenant that I will make with them after those days, saith the Lord, I will put my laws into their hearts, and in their minds will I write them;
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| ᎯᎠ ᎾᏍᎩ ᏄᏍᏕᏍᏗ ᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏙᏓᎦᏥᏯᏠᎢᏍᏓᏁᎵ ᎾᎯᏳ ᎦᎶᏐᏅᎭ ᎠᏗᎭ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᎯ; ᏗᏆᏤᎵ ᏗᎧᎿᎭᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᏧᏂᎾᏫᏱ ᏙᏓᏥᎳᏂ, ᎠᎴ ᏚᎾᏓᏅᏛ ᏙᏓᎪᏪᎳᏂ.
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Hi-a na-s-gi nu-s-de-s-di ka-no-he-dv do-da-ga-tsi-ya-tlo-i-s-da-ne-li na-hi-yu ga-lo-so-nv-ha a-di-ha U-gv-wi-yu-hi; Di-qua-tse-li di-ka-hna-wa-dv-s-di tsu-ni-na-wi-yi do-da-tsi-la-ni, a-le du-na-da-nv-dv do-da-go-we-la-ni.
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| And their sins and iniquities will I remember no more.
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| ᎠᎴ ᎤᏂᏍᎦᏅᏨ ᎠᎴ ᎤᏲ ᏄᎾᏛᏁᎵᏙᎸ ᎥᏝ ᎿᎭᏉ ᎠᏆᏅᏓᏗᏍᏗ ᏱᎨᏎᏍᏗ.
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A-le u-ni-s-ga-nv-tsv a-le u-yo nu-na-dv-ne-li-do-lv v-tla hna-quo a-qua-nv-da-di-s-di yi-ge-se-s-di.
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| Now where remission of these is, there is no more offering for sin.
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| ᎾᏍᎩᏃ ᎯᎠ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎠᏍᎦᏅᏨᎯ ᎨᏒ ᎦᏴᏓᏗᏁᎸᎯ ᏱᎩ, ᎥᏝ ᎿᎭᏉ ᎠᏍᎦᏂ ᎠᎫᏴᏙᏗ ᎠᎵᏍᎪᎸᏙᏗ ᏱᏂᎦᎵᏍᏗᎭ.
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Na-s-gi-no hi-a na-s-gi a-s-ga-nv-tsv-hi ge-sv ga-yv-da-di-ne-lv-hi yi-gi, v-tla hna-quo a-s-ga-ni a-gu-yv-do-di a-li-s-go-lv-do-di yi-ni-ga-li-s-di-ha.
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| Having therefore, brethren, boldness to enter into the holiest by the blood of Jesus,
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| ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ, ᎢᏓᎵᏅᏟ, ᏂᏗᎾᏰᏍᎬᎾ ᏫᎨᎩᏴᏍᏗ ᏥᏄᎵᏍᏔᎤ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎸᏉᏗᎨᏒ ᏥᏌ ᎤᎩᎬ ᎢᏳᏩᏂᏌᏅᎯ.
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Na-s-gi i-yu-s-di, i-da-li-nv-tli, ni-di-na-ye-s-gv-na wi-ge-gi-yv-s-di tsi-nu-li-s-ta-u u-tli i-ga-lv-quo-di-ge-sv Tsi-sa u-gi-gv i-yu-wa-ni-sa-nv-hi.
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| By a new and living way, which he hath consecrated for us, through the veil, that is to say, his flesh;
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| ᎾᏍᎩ Ꮎ ᎢᏤ ᎠᎴ ᎬᏂᏛ ᎠᏓᏁᎯ ᎦᏅᏅ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎩᏍᏓᏱᏕᎸᎯ ᏥᎩ ᎠᏰᏙᎳᏛ ᎤᎶᏒᎢ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏇᏓᎸ ᏥᎦᏛᎦ;
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Na-s-gi na i-tse a-le gv-ni-dv a-da-ne-hi ga-nv-nv gv-ta-nv-hi, na-s-gi i-gi-s-da-yi-de-lv-hi tsi-gi a-ye-do-la-dv u-lo-sv-i, na-s-gi u-que-da-lv tsi-ga-dv-ga;
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| And having an high priest over the house of God;
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| ᎠᎴ [ᏥᎩᎧᎭ] ᏄᎬᏫᏳᏌᏕᎩ ᎠᏥᎸ-ᎨᎶᎯ ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ ᎤᏤᎵ ᎠᏓᏁᎸ ᎤᎦᏌᏯᏍᏗᏕᎩ;
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A-le [tsi-gi-ka-ha] nu-gv-wi-yu-sa-de-gi a-tsi-lv--ge-lo-hi U-ne-la-nv-hi u-tse-li a-da-ne-lv u-ga-sa-ya-s-di-de-gi;
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| Let us draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith, having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience, and our bodies washed with pure water.
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| ᎾᎥ ᎢᏗᎷᎨᏍᏗ ᎢᏛᏗᏍᎨᏍᏗ ᏄᏠᎾᏍᏛᏅ ᏗᎩᎾᏫ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᎵᏂᎩᏛ ᎪᎯᏳᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᏗᎩᎾᏫ ᏤᎩᏍᏚᏞᎸᎯ ᏤᎩᏅᎦᎸᎯ ᎤᏲ ᎠᏓᏅᏖᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᏗᏗᏰᎸ ᎦᏓᎭ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᎹ ᏤᎪᏑᎴᏓᏁᎸᎯ.
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Na-v i-di-lu-ge-s-di i-dv-di-s-ge-s-di nu-tlo-na-s-dv-nv di-gi-na-wi, a-le u-li-ni-gi-dv go-hi-yu-di ge-sv-i, a-le di-gi-na-wi tse-gi-s-du-tle-lv-hi tse-gi-nv-ga-lv-hi u-yo a-da-nv-te-di ge-sv-i, a-le di-di-ye-lv ga-da-ha ni-ge-sv-na a-ma tse-go-su-le-da-ne-lv-hi.
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| Let us hold fast the profession of our faith without wavering; (for he is faithful that promised;)
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| ᎠᏍᏓᏯ ᏕᎩᏂᏴᏎᏍᏗ ᎬᏂᎨᏒ ᏂᎬᏁᎸ ᎤᏚᎩ ᎢᎬᏒ ᏂᎦᏜᏓᏏᏛᎡᎲᎾ; ᏄᏓᎵᏓᏍᏛᎾᏰᏃ ᎾᏍᎩ Ꮎ ᎤᏚᎢᏍᏔᏅᎯ ᎨᏒᎢ.
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A-s-da-ya de-gi-ni-yv-se-s-di gv-ni-ge-sv ni-gv-ne-lv u-du-gi i-gv-sv ni-ga-dla-si-dv-e-hv-na; nu-da-li-da-s-dv-na-ye-no na-s-gi na u-du-i-s-ta-nv-hi ge-sv-i.
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| And let us consider one another to provoke unto love and to good works:
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| ᎠᎴ ᏕᏓᏓᏓᏅᏖᏍᎨᏍᏗ, ᎠᏓᎨᏳᏗ ᎨᏒ ᎠᎴ ᏱᏍᏛ ᏗᎦᎸᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗ ᎨᏒ ᏗᎦᏓᏂᎳᏕᏗᏱ ᏗᎩᏄᏫᏍᏓᏁᏗᏱ;
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A-le de-da-da-da-nv-te-s-ge-s-di, a-da-ge-yu-di ge-sv a-le yi-s-dv di-ga-lv-wi-s-da-ne-di ge-sv di-ga-da-ni-la-de-di-yi di-gi-nu-wi-s-da-ne-di-yi;
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| Not forsaking the assembling of ourselves together, as the manner of some is; but exhorting one another: and so much the more, as ye see the day approaching.
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| ᏞᏍᏗᏉ ᏱᏗᏑᎵᎪᎨᏍᏗ ᎢᏓᏓᏟᏌᏂᏙᎲᎢ, ᎢᎦᏛ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᏳᎾᏛᏁᏗ ᏥᎩ; ᏕᏣᏓᏬᏁᏗᏍᎨᏍᏗᏍᎩᏂ; ᎠᎴ Ꮀ ᎤᎬᏫᏳᏎᏍᏗ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᏂᏣᏛᏁᎮᏍᏗ ᏥᏥᎪᏩᏗ ᎤᏍᏆᎸᎯᏗᏒ ᎾᎯᏳ ᎢᎦ.
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Tle-s-di-quo yi-di-su-li-go-ge-s-di i-da-da-tli-sa-ni-do-hv-i, i-ga-dv na-s-gi i-yu-na-dv-ne-di tsi-gi; de-tsa-da-wo-ne-di-s-ge-s-di-s-gi-ni; a-le ho u-gv-wi-yu-se-s-di, na-s-gi ni-tsa-dv-ne-he-s-di tsi-tsi-go-wa-di u-s-qua-lv-hi-di-sv na-hi-yu i-ga.
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| For if we sin wilfully after that we have received the knowledge of the truth, there remaineth no more sacrifice for sins,
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| ᎢᏳᏰᏃ ᎢᎬᏒ ᎢᎦᏚᎸᏛ ᏱᏗᏍᎦᏅᎬ ᏚᏳᎳ ᎨᎩᎦᏁᎥᏒᎯ ᏚᏳᎪᏛ ᎨᏒᎢ, ᎥᏝ ᏅᏩᏓᎴ ᏯᎵᏃᎯᏯ ᎠᏥᎸ-ᎨᎳᏍᏗ ᎠᏍᎦᏂ ᎠᎫᏴᏙᏗ,
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I-yu-ye-no i-gv-sv i-ga-du-lv-dv yi-di-s-ga-nv-gv du-yu-la ge-gi-ga-ne-v-sv-hi du-yu-go-dv ge-sv-i, v-tla nv-wa-da-le ya-li-no-hi-ya a-tsi-lv--ge-la-s-di a-s-ga-ni a-gu-yv-do-di,
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| But a certain fearful looking for of judgment and fiery indignation, which shall devour the adversaries.
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| ᎤᎾᏰᎯᏍᏗᏉᏍᎩᏂ ᎣᏓᏅᏛ ᎠᎦᏖᎾᏍᏗᏱ ᏗᎫᎪᏙᏗ ᎢᎦ ᎨᏒᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᏔᎳᏬᎯᏍᏗ ᎨᏒ ᎠᏥᎸ ᎾᏍᎩᏯ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏂᏛᏙᏗ ᏥᎩ ᎬᏩᏍᎦᎩ.
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U-na-ye-hi-s-di-quo-s-gi-ni o-da-nv-dv a-ga-te-na-s-di-yi di-gu-go-do-di i-ga ge-sv-i, a-le u-ta-la-wo-hi-s-di ge-sv a-tsi-lv na-s-gi-ya, na-s-gi u-ni-dv-do-di tsi-gi gv-wa-s-ga-gi.
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| He that despised Moses' law died without mercy under two or three witnesses:
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| ᎩᎶ ᎼᏏ ᎤᏤᎵ ᏗᎧᎿᎭᏩᏛᏍᏗ ᎢᏴᏛ ᎢᏳᏩᏁᏔᏅᎯ ᏥᎨᏎ ᎠᏲᎱᏍᎨ ᎦᏰᏥᏙᎵᏍᏗ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᎠᏂᏔᎵᎭ ᎠᏂᎦᏔᎯ ᎤᏂᏃᎮᎸᎯ ᎬᏔᏅᎯ;
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Gi-lo Mo-si u-tse-li di-ka-hna-wa-dv-s-di i-yv-dv i-yu-wa-ne-ta-nv-hi tsi-ge-se a-yo-hu-s-ge ga-ye-tsi-do-li-s-di ni-ge-sv-na a-ni-ta-li-ha a-ni-ga-ta-hi u-ni-no-he-lv-hi gv-ta-nv-hi;
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| Of how much sorer punishment, suppose ye, shall he be thought worthy, who hath trodden under foot the Son of God, and hath counted the blood of the covenant, wherewith he was sanctified, an unholy thing, and hath done despite unto the Spirit of grace?
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| ᏝᏍᎪ ᎤᏟ ᎢᎦᎢ ᏱᏂᏙᎬᏩᏳᎪᏗ ᎠᏥᏍᏛᏗᏍᏙᏗᏱ ᎩᎶ ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ ᎤᏪᏥ ᎤᎳᏍᏓᎡᎸᎯ, ᎠᎴ ᎾᏍᎩ Ꮎ ᎩᎬᎧᏃᎮᏛ ᏗᏠᎯᏍᏙᏔᏅᎯ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏓᏅᎦᎶᏔᏅᎯ ᎨᏒ ᎦᏓᎭ ᎤᏰᎸᏅᎯ, ᎠᎴ ᎦᎬᏩᏐᏢᏔᏅᎯ ᎬᏩᎦᏘᏯ ᎠᏓᏙᎵᎩ ᎠᏓᏅᏙ.
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Tla-s-go u-tli i-ga-i yi-ni-do-gv-wa-yu-go-di a-tsi-s-dv-di-s-do-di-yi gi-lo U-ne-la-nv-hi U-we-tsi u-la-s-da-e-lv-hi, a-le na-s-gi na gi-gv-ka-no-he-dv di-tlo-hi-s-do-ta-nv-hi na-s-gi u-da-nv-ga-lo-ta-nv-hi ge-sv ga-da-ha u-ye-lv-nv-hi, a-le ga-gv-wa-so-tlv-ta-nv-hi gv-wa-ga-ti-ya a-da-do-li-gi A-da-nv-do.
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| For we know him that hath said, Vengeance belongeth unto me, I will recompense, saith the Lord. And again, The Lord shall judge his people.
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| ᎡᏗᎦᏔᎭᏰᏃ ᎾᏍᎩ Ꮎ ᎯᎠ ᎢᏳᏪᏛ ᏥᎩ, ᎠᏞᎢᏍᏗ ᎨᏒ ᎠᏴ ᎠᏆᏤᎵᎦ, ᎠᏴ ᏓᎦᎫᏴᎯ, ᎠᏗᎭ ᏱᎰᏩ. ᎠᎴ ᏔᎵᏁᎢ, ᏱᎰᏩ ᏙᏓᎫᎪᏓᏁᎵ ᏧᏤᎵ ᏴᏫ.
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E-di-ga-ta-ha-ye-no na-s-gi na hi-a i-yu-we-dv tsi-gi, A-tle-i-s-di ge-sv a-yv a-qua-tse-li-ga, a-yv da-ga-gu-yv-hi, a-di-ha Yi-ho-wa. A-le ta-li-ne-i, Yi-ho-wa do-da-gu-go-da-ne-li tsu-tse-li yv-wi.
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| It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God.
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| ᎤᎾᏰᎯᏍᏗᏳ ᎬᏂᏛ ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ ᏧᏬᏰᏂ ᏫᏗᎩᏅᎢᏍᏗᏱ.
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U-na-ye-hi-s-di-yu gv-ni-dv U-ne-la-nv-hi tsu-wo-ye-ni wi-di-gi-nv-i-s-di-yi.
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| But call to remembrance the former days, in which, after ye were illuminated, ye endured a great fight of afflictions;
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| ᎠᏎᏃ ᎢᏣᏅᏓᏓ ᏧᏩᎫᏔᏅᏒᎢ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎾᎯᏳ ᎢᎦ ᏂᏕᏣᏗᏍᏓᏁᎶᎢ, ᎤᏣᏘ ᎢᏣᏟᏂᎬᏁᎸ ᏕᏥᎦᏘᎸᏒ ᎠᎩᎵᏲᎢᏍᏗ ᎨᏒᎢ;
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A-se-no i-tsa-nv-da-da tsu-wa-gu-ta-nv-sv-i, na-s-gi na-hi-yu i-ga ni-de-tsa-di-s-da-ne-lo-i, u-tsa-ti i-tsa-tli-ni-gv-ne-lv de-tsi-ga-ti-lv-sv a-gi-li-yo-i-s-di ge-sv-i;
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| Partly, whilst ye were made a gazingstock both by reproaches and afflictions; and partly, whilst ye became companions of them that were so used.
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| ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎸᎯᏳ ᏥᎦᏰᏥᏐᏢᏛᎢ, ᎠᎴ ᏤᏥᎩᎵᏲᎢᏍᏗᏍᎬᎢ; ᎢᎸᎯᏳᏃ ᏕᏣᎵᎪᏁᎸ ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᎨᎬᏁᎸᎯ.
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Na-s-gi i-lv-hi-yu tsi-ga-ye-tsi-so-tlv-dv-i, a-le tse-tsi-gi-li-yo-i-s-di-s-gv-i; i-lv-hi-yu-no de-tsa-li-go-ne-lv na-s-gi i-ge-gv-ne-lv-hi.
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| For ye had compassion of me in my bonds, and took joyfully the spoiling of your goods, knowing in yourselves that ye have in heaven a better and an enduring substance.
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| ᎥᏆᎸᎢᏛᏰᏃ ᎨᏒ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎥᏍᎩᏯᏙᎵᏨᎩ, ᎠᎴ ᎤᎵᎮᎵᏍᏗᏉ ᎥᏣᏓᏅᏛᎩ ᎡᏥᏬᏅᎲ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ ᎢᏥᎲᎢ, ᎢᏥᎦᏔᎲᎩᏰᏃ ᎦᎸᎳᏗ ᏫᏥᏍᏆᏂᎪᏛ ᎤᏟ ᎢᏲᏍᏛ ᎠᎴ ᎠᏲᎩ ᏂᎨᏒᎾ ᏧᎬᏩᎶᏗ.
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V-qua-lv-i-dv-ye-no ge-sv i-yu-s-di v-s-gi-ya-do-li-tsv-gi, a-le u-li-he-li-s-di-quo v-tsa-da-nv-dv-gi e-tsi-wo-nv-hv tsu-gv-wa-lo-di i-tsi-hv-i, i-tsi-ga-ta-hv-gi-ye-no ga-lv-la-di wi-tsi-s-qua-ni-go-dv u-tli i-yo-s-dv a-le a-yo-gi ni-ge-sv-na tsu-gv-wa-lo-di.
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| Cast not away therefore your confidence, which hath great recompence of reward.
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| ᎾᏍᎩ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᏞᏍᏗ ᎢᏴᏛ ᎢᏨᏁᏔᏅᎩ ᎢᏦᎯᏳᏒᎢ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏣᏘ ᎤᏓᎫᏴᎡᏗ ᏥᎩ.
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Na-s-gi i-yu-s-di tle-s-di i-yv-dv i-tsv-ne-ta-nv-gi i-tso-hi-yu-sv-i, na-s-gi u-tsa-ti u-da-gu-yv-e-di tsi-gi.
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| For ye have need of patience, that, after ye have done the will of God, ye might receive the promise.
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| ᏗᏨᏂᏗᏳ ᎢᏣᎵᏍᏙᏗᏱ ᎤᏚᎸᏗᏳ ᏂᏣᎵᏍᏓᏁᎭ; ᎾᏍᎩ ᎿᎭᏉ ᎤᏁᎳᏅᎯ ᎤᏏᏳ ᎤᏴᎸᏗ ᎨᏒ ᎢᏣᏛᏁᎸᎯ ᎨᏎᏍᏗ, ᎢᏣᏤᎵ ᎢᎬᏩᎵᏍᏙᏗ ᏱᎩ ᏄᏍᏛ ᎠᏚᎢᏍᏛᎢ.
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Di-tsv-ni-di-yu i-tsa-li-s-do-di-yi u-du-lv-di-yu ni-tsa-li-s-da-ne-ha; na-s-gi hna-quo U-ne-la-nv-hi u-si-yu u-yv-lv-di ge-sv i-tsa-dv-ne-lv-hi ge-se-s-di, i-tsa-tse-li i-gv-wa-li-s-do-di yi-gi nu-s-dv a-du-i-s-dv-i.
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| For yet a little while, and he that shall come will come, and will not tarry.
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| ᎿᎭᏉᏰᏃ ᏂᎪᎯᎸᎾᏉ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᎷᎯᏍᏗ ᏥᎩ ᏓᎦᎷᏥ, ᎠᎴ ᎥᏝ ᏴᏛᏙᎯᏗ.
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Hna-quo-ye-no ni-go-hi-lv-na-quo, na-s-gi u-lu-hi-s-di tsi-gi da-ga-lu-tsi, a-le v-tla yv-dv-do-hi-di.
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| Now the just shall live by faith: but if any man draw back, my soul shall have no pleasure in him.
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| ᎤᎾᏓᏅᏘᏃ ᎪᎯᏳᏗ ᎨᏒ ᎤᎾᏛᏂᏗᏍᏕᏍᏗ; ᎩᎶᏍᎩᏂ ᎢᏳᏍᏗ ᎢᎠᏨᏍᎨᏍᏗ ᎠᏆᏓᏅᏙ ᎥᏝ ᎣᏏᏳ ᏳᏰᎸᏎᏍᏗ ᎾᏍᎩ.
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U-na-da-nv-ti-no go-hi-yu-di ge-sv u-na-dv-ni-di-s-de-s-di; gi-lo-s-gi-ni i-yu-s-di i-a-tsv-s-ge-s-di a-qua-da-nv-do v-tla o-si-yu yu-ye-lv-se-s-di na-s-gi.
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| But we are not of them who draw back unto perdition; but of them that believe to the saving of the soul.
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| ᎠᏎᏃ ᎥᏝ ᎠᎾᏨᏍᎩ ᏥᎩ [ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎬ] ᎢᏖᎳ ᏱᎩ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎨᏥᏛᏙᏗ ᎨᏒ ᎢᏴᏛ ᏥᏩᏂᎷᎦ, ᎾᏍᎩᏍᎩᏂ Ꮎ ᎤᎾᏓᏡᎬ ᎢᏖᎳ, ᎾᏍᎩ ᎤᏃᎯᏳᏒ ᏥᏓᏂᏍᏕᎸᏗ ᏧᎾᏓᏅᏙ.
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A-se-no v-tla a-na-tsv-s-gi tsi-gi [u-na-da-tlu-gv] i-te-la yi-gi, na-s-gi ge-tsi-dv-do-di ge-sv i-yv-dv tsi-wa-ni-lu-ga, na-s-gi-s-gi-ni na u-na-da-tlu-gv i-te-la, na-s-gi u-no-hi-yu-sv tsi-da-ni-s-de-lv-di tsu-na-da-nv-do.
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Money Play. Should Red double? If doubled, should White take?
pips Red=123 White=160
(CorrectAnswer= 0/0, ErrorScore= 0)
This position demonstrates just how deceptive backgammon can be. It occurred in the Battersea chouette and the team (Red) all doubled. The box thought for a long time before taking but did so – several of the team seemed surprised at the take and one went so far as to say he thought it was a clear drop. The game continued and Red went on to win a single game.
Now what about the double and take? White cannot be blitzed due to his anchor. The position is more likely to become a prime vs. prime than anything else. Red has an advantage because of his shot at the White blot but if he misses he won't have much of an edge. White has all his checkers in play and has both priming and blitzing potential.
Notice also that Red's sixes are duplicated – if he rolls 61, 62 or 63 he should hit and not make the 5-pt although it's close. All of this adds up to the fact that this position is not even a double and in fact it is nearly a blunder to do so! Obviously the take is trivial. A surprising result I think you'll agree.
Now what about the double and take? White cannot be blitzed due to his anchor. The position is more likely to become a prime vs. prime than anything else. Red has an advantage because of his shot at the White blot but if he misses he won't have much of an edge. White has all his checkers in play and has both priming and blitzing potential.
Notice also that Red's sixes are duplicated – if he rolls 61, 62 or 63 he should hit and not make the 5-pt although it's close. All of this adds up to the fact that this position is not even a double and in fact it is nearly a blunder to do so! Obviously the take is trivial. A surprising result I think you'll agree.
Cube analysis 2-ply cubeless equity +0.772 (Money: +0.670) 0.676 0.341 0.050 - 0.324 0.070 0.003 Cubeful equities: 1. No double +0.770 2. Double, pass +1.000 (+0.230) 3. Double, take +0.749 (-0.021) Proper cube action: No double, take (8.5%)


End of the wold event 111!!
End of the wold event !!
Finally home...
Oh, some news.
Got work to do...
Some new people !
Make a wish
Some new people2 !
Make a wish2


Class: Aws::Mgn::Types::WaveAggregatedStatus
| Relationships & Source Files | |
| Super Chains via Extension / Inclusion / Inheritance | |
|
Class Chain:
self,
Struct
|
|
|
Instance Chain:
self,
::Aws::Structure ,
Struct
|
|
| Inherits: |
Struct
|
| Defined in: | gems/aws-sdk-mgn/lib/aws-sdk-mgn/types.rb |
Overview
Wave
aggregated status.
Constant Summary
Instance Attribute Summary
-
#health_status ⇒ String
rw
Wave
aggregated status health status. -
#last_update_date_time ⇒ String
rw
Wave
aggregated status last update dateTime. -
#progress_status ⇒ String
rw
Wave
aggregated status progress status. -
#replication_started_date_time ⇒ String
rw
DateTime marking when the first source server in the wave started replication.
-
#total_applications ⇒ Integer
rw
Wave
aggregated status total applications amount.
Instance Method Summary
::Aws::Structure
- Included
| #to_hash | Alias for Structure#to_h. |
Instance Attribute Details
#health_status ⇒ String
(rw)
Wave
aggregated status health status.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-mgn/lib/aws-sdk-mgn/types.rb', line 4660
class WaveAggregatedStatus < Struct.new( :health_status, :last_update_date_time, :progress_status, :replication_started_date_time, :total_applications) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#last_update_date_time ⇒ String
(rw)
Wave
aggregated status last update dateTime.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-mgn/lib/aws-sdk-mgn/types.rb', line 4660
class WaveAggregatedStatus < Struct.new( :health_status, :last_update_date_time, :progress_status, :replication_started_date_time, :total_applications) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#progress_status ⇒ String
(rw)
Wave
aggregated status progress status.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-mgn/lib/aws-sdk-mgn/types.rb', line 4660
class WaveAggregatedStatus < Struct.new( :health_status, :last_update_date_time, :progress_status, :replication_started_date_time, :total_applications) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#replication_started_date_time ⇒ String
(rw)
DateTime marking when the first source server in the wave started replication.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-mgn/lib/aws-sdk-mgn/types.rb', line 4660
class WaveAggregatedStatus < Struct.new( :health_status, :last_update_date_time, :progress_status, :replication_started_date_time, :total_applications) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#total_applications ⇒ Integer
(rw)
Wave
aggregated status total applications amount.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-mgn/lib/aws-sdk-mgn/types.rb', line 4660
class WaveAggregatedStatus < Struct.new( :health_status, :last_update_date_time, :progress_status, :replication_started_date_time, :total_applications) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end


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When you change the name in the input field, the changes will affect the model, and it will also affect the name property in the controller.
The rootScope's favorite color:
The scope of the controller's favorite color:
The rootScope's favorite color is still:


I currently work as Director of Product at YuVue, LLC. We are a start-up based in Chicago, San Francisco, and New York that helps brands collect and curate user-generated content.
My main interests lie at the intersection between globalization and transformative technology. What does this mean in practice? To quote William Gibson, I believe that the “future is here…just not very evenly distributed.” As technology becomes more widely distributed throughout the world, new innovations and challenges will emerge, and a new class of professionals will be required to navigate the resulting opportunities. I intend to be at the center of it.
To pursue this goal I attended Dev Bootcamp in Chicago. At DBC I had the opportunity to build several intersting apps including MicDrop, a location-based events app that uses the React JavaScript front-end framework, and TwitVet, a lightweight Sinatra app that utilizes the Twitter API to vet your Twitter followers.
Prior to DBC I worked at Georgetown University from 2005-2012 in various roles related to global marketing and business development. I was especially focused on developing digital marketing properties focused on major emerging economies and expanding business partnerships in China and India. This experience culminated in earning an MBA from Georgetown in 2013, after which I moved to Singapore in 2014 to deepen my experience in Southeast Asia, one of the world’s most dynamic regions.


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Who is your boss? What did they do to you?
I actually love my boss and my job. It's a memorable URL and a funny joke.
It's just a figure of speech, ok?
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There is a pretty good description on the About page, but the site is also completely open source. You can view it here on github.
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THE PERFECT STORM (Warner Bros.) Starring: George Clooney, Mark Wahlberg, Diane Lane, John C. Reilly, William Fichtner, John Hawkes, Allen Payne, Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio. Screenplay: Bill Wittliff, based on the book by Sebastian Junger. Producers: Paula Weinstein, Wolfgang Petersen and Gail Katz. Director: Wolfgang Petersen. MPAA Rating: PG-13 (profanity, adult themes, violence) Running Time: 136 minutes. Reviewed by Scott Renshaw.
The amazing thing about Sebastian Junger's best-selling non-fiction book THE PERFECT STORM was that it created an enthralling, page-turning story out of two less-than-pulse-pounding subjects: fishing and weather. Even more surprising, perhaps, was the manner in which he chose to make those subjects readable. Rather than creating a de facto novel about the people involved in the events, Junger dives into journalistic detail. He immerses the reader so completely in the hard lives of swordfishermen as a culture that it's never necessary for him to over-dramatize the individual lives he's focusing on. As for the weather, he is similarly successful at creating specifics out of generalities. For Junger, tension and adventure came from the simple facts.
Screenwriter Bill Wittliff, in adapting THE PERFECT STORM, did not choose journalistic detail. Instead, he chose melodramatic twaddle. The time is October 1991, and the Gloucester, Mass. swordfishing boat Andrea Gail has just returned to port with a less-than-stellar catch, leading Captain Billy Tyne (George Clooney) to attempt one more run before the season ends. Fishing the Grand Banks is dangerous in the late fall, but Tyne and his five crewmen -- including relative newcomer Bobby Shatford (Mark Wahlberg) -- head into the tricky waters anyway. Little do they know that a hurricane is brewing near Bermuda, and that it's heading straight for two other East Coast weather systems. An unlikely confluence of events finds the Andrea Gail ready to head home just as the three systems collide, stranding them at sea in the middle of a once-in-a-century maelstrom.
It's not an easy job Wittliff has taken on, because there's no obvious through-line for Junger's account to take as a screen story. Wittliff anchors his script with the relationship between Bobby and his loving girlfriend Christina (Diane Lane), with token attention to the personal lives of other Andrea Gail crew members like divorced Murph (John C. Reilly) and romantically inept Bugsy (John Hawkes). The book effectively conveyed the personal and physical toll exacted by a fisherman's life, and for a while it appears that Wittliff is pointing the story in the right direction. He sets up Tyne's recent run of hard luck, a run he fears may cost him his boat if he doesn't pull in a big haul this time around; he sets up Bobby's conflict over whether he can give up fishing to settle down with Christina. THE PERFECT STORM could have been set up as a seafaring TWISTER, with stick figure characters wrapped in cool meteorological special effects. This film, at least, has its heart in the right place.
Its dialogue, however, could not be more wrong, wrong, wrong. Perhaps panicked over how to make a journalistic account "engaging" for viewers, the makers of THE PERFECT STORM apparently gave Bill Wittliff the following instructions for writing his characters: "Imagine a particularly bad romance novel with a $100 million budget." The people in THE PERFECT STORM talk to each other like no human beings on the planet have ever spoken to each other, let alone the taciturn folk of a New England fishing town. They say things like, "There's only love;" they say things like, "You're heading right into the mouth of the monster!;" a rescue jumper screams "Jonesy!" into the storm after a fallen comrade. For all the verisimilitude Wittliff pumps into the conversations, the fishermen might as well have spent two hours growling "Arrgh, matey" to one another.
If not for the thrillingly staged final hour, THE PERFECT STORM might have been a total loss. As it stands, it's just on the border of worth a look. Director Wolfgang Petersen stages the Andrea Gail's perilous journey with the kind of tension that finds you pulling yourself into a ball in your seat; there's also a strangely effective scene involving a mid-air refueling attempt for a rescue helicopter thwarted by the intense winds.  It's ironic, because THE PERFECT STORM had the potential to be a powerfully human story in spite of showy visual effects and adventure set pieces. Instead, it's only worth watching for its visual effects and adventure set pieces. The storm itself is perfect; the purple prose journey towards that storm makes you long for a bit more journalistic distance. Or at least for someone to fiddle with the sound mix so the wind drowned out every word.
On the Renshaw scale of 0 to 10 hurricane farces: 5.
Visit Scott Renshaw's Screening Room http://www.inconnect.com/~renshaw/ *** Subscribe to receive new reviews directly by email! See the Screening Room for details, or reply to this message with subject "Subscribe".
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Editor’s comment: All walks of life 15 Nov 2019, 09:27 by Mike Richardson Share This Article Tweet ShareShareShare Subscribe to our FREE Newsletter Tags


public Resource
Represents a resource that can be mixed into OutgoingContent to give more information about content.
| 限定符和类型 | 接口和说明 |
|---|---|
static class |
Resource.DefaultImpls
Represents a resource that can be mixed into OutgoingContent to give more information about content.
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| 限定符和类型 | 方法和说明 |
|---|---|
CacheControl |
getCacheControl()
Specifies caching policy for this resource
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java.lang.Long |
getContentLength()
Specifies content length in bytes for this resource.
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io.ktor.http.ContentType |
getContentType()
Specifies ContentType for this resource.
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java.time.LocalDateTime |
getExpires()
Specifies expiration time for this resource.
|
io.ktor.util.ValuesMap |
getHeaders()
Provides default implementation of headers property for instance of OutgoingContent
|
java.util.List<io.ktor.content.Version> |
getVersions()
Provides list of
interface Version objects which can be utilized by ConditionalHeaders and PartialContent features. |
io.ktor.http.ContentType getContentType()
Specifies ContentType for this resource.
java.lang.Long getContentLength()
Specifies content length in bytes for this resource.
If omitted the resources will be sent as Transfer-Encoding: chunked
java.util.List<io.ktor.content.Version> getVersions()
Provides list of interface Version
objects which can be utilized by ConditionalHeaders and PartialContent features.
java.time.LocalDateTime getExpires()
Specifies expiration time for this resource.
CacheControl getCacheControl()
Specifies caching policy for this resource
io.ktor.util.ValuesMap getHeaders()
Provides default implementation of headers property for instance of OutgoingContent


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