isambard.tools.geometry module¶
Cythonised versions of basic geometric operations that ISAMBARD requires.
If Cython is not detected the geometry module falls back to the Python implementation. As a result, all functions that are available to the user MUST return the same type the Python version of the code.
Functions that have names preceded by an underscore indicate that they are not to be used by users. However, all of these functions will generally be defined using cdef and so will not be imported anyway.
-
class
Axis
¶ Bases:
isambard.tools.geometry.Curve
Axis: a straight line curve in 3-D space, defined by its start and end points (3-D vectors).
-
arc_length
()¶ arc length between point t and point t0
Notes
This is a trivial function in this particular case. Implemented for compatability with Curve class. Returns arc length along the curve between the points specified by t and t_ref. If t_ref > t then the returned value is negative.
Parameters:
-
direction_vector
¶
-
distance_to_point
()¶
-
get_coords
()¶ List of evenly spaced points along the curve of specified total length.
Parameters: Returns: coords – 3D coordinates of evenly spaced points along the curve.
Return type: list of numpy.arrays
-
length
¶
-
midpoint
¶
-
point
()¶
-
t_from_arc_length
()¶ - Returns parameter t that corresponds to a point at distance=arc_length along the curve from the curve
- at t_ref.
Notes
This is a trivial function in this particular case. Implemented for compatability with Curve class.
Parameters: Returns: Value of parameter t that corresponds to a point at distance=arc_length along the curve from the point defined by parameter t_ref.
Return type:
-
unit_binormal
¶ Binormal defined as (Tangent X Normal).
-
unit_normal
¶ Normal is perpendicular to tangent. See notes.
Notes
Since the curvature of a straight line is zero, the normal and binormal are not well-defined. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_geometry_of_curves#Special_Frenet_vectors_and_generalized_curvatures Here we have chosen to use the following convention:
- If the Axis is parallel to the z-axis (i.e. unit_tangent = [0, 0, 1]),
- then the normal is [1, 0, 0] (x-axis) and the binormal is [0, 1, 0] (y-axis).
If the Axis is not parallel to the z-axis, then we can rotate the z-axis so it aligns with our Axis. The normal is the same rotation appled to the x-axis. It’s helpful here to think of the right-hand rule. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Right_hand_rule_cross_product.svg/2000px-Right_hand_rule_cross_product.svg.png https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_product#Definition Using the right-hand rule, the Axis direction vector is your index finger, the normal vector is the middle finger and the binormal is the thumb.
-
unit_tangent
¶ Tangent points along the direction of the line.
-
-
class
Curve
¶ Bases:
object
Not intended to be instantiated. This is a base class for other Curve classes to inherit from.
Notes
Any curve must have a point method, which returns the coordinates of a point, given a parameter t.
-
point
()¶
-
-
class
HelicalCurve
¶ Bases:
isambard.tools.geometry.Curve
HelicalCurve, parameterised by a and b.
-
alpha
¶ Angle between tangent to helix and the helix axis, in degrees.
-
classmethod
alpha_and_pitch
()¶
-
classmethod
alpha_and_radius
()¶
-
arc_length
()¶ arc length between point t and point t0
Notes
Returns arc length along the curve between the points specified by t and t_ref. If t_ref > t then the returned value is negative.
Parameters:
-
axis
¶
-
curvature
()¶
-
get_coords
()¶ List of evenly spaced points along the curve of specified total length.
Parameters: - n_points (int) – The number of points to be returned.
- spacing (float) – arc-length spacing of points to be returned.
- axis_start (list or tuple or numpy.array of length 3) –
- axis_end (list or tuple or numpy.array of length 3) – Coordinates returned will be for a helical path winding around an axis specified by axis_end - axis_start.
- t_ref (The value of t for specifying the first point in the coordinates list.) –
Returns: coords – 3D coordinates of evenly spaced points along the curve.
Return type: list of numpy.arrays
-
pitch
¶
-
classmethod
pitch_and_radius
()¶
-
point
()¶
-
radius
¶
-
t_from_arc_length
()¶ - Returns parameter t that corresponds to a point at distance=arc_length along the curve from the curve
- at t_ref.
Parameters: Returns: Value of parameter t that corresponds to a point at distance=arc_length along the curve from the point defined by parameter t_ref.
Return type:
-
torsion
()¶
-
unit_binormal
()¶
-
unit_normal
()¶ Unit vector normal to the curve. Together with unit_tangent, defined the osculating plane at t
Notes
See this article for more information on the tangent, normal and binormal vectors. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_geometry_of_curves#Special_Frenet_vectors_and_generalized_curvatures
-
unit_tangent
()¶ Unit vector pointing along the direction of the curve.
-
x
()¶
-
y
()¶
-
z
()¶
-
-
class
Quaternion
¶ Bases:
object
-
classmethod
angle_and_axis
()¶
-
apply_conjugation
()¶
-
as_array
¶
-
as_rotation
()¶
-
conjugate
¶
-
distance
()¶
-
extract_angle_and_axis
()¶ Returns the angle and axis of the rotation that the Quaternion represents.
-
norm
¶
-
classmethod
real_and_vector
()¶
-
rotate_vector
()¶
-
vector
¶
-
classmethod
-
apply_unit_quaternion
()¶ Applies the rotation defined by the unit quaternion to a 3D vector.
Parameters: Returns: r – 3D coordinate.
Return type: double[3]
-
cartesian_to_cylindrical
()¶ Converts from cartesian to cylindrical coordinates system
Notes
See cylindrical_to_cartesian for more information.
Parameters: Returns: - radius (float)
- azimuth (float)
- z (float) – Cylindrical coordinate parameters. See cylindrical_to_cartesian for more information.
-
cartesian_to_spherical
()¶ Converts from cartesian to spherical coordinates system
Notes
See spherical_to_cartesian for more information.
Parameters: Returns: - radius (float)
- azimuth (float)
- zenith (float) – Spherical coordinate parameters. See spherical_to_cartesian for more information.
-
centre_of_mass
()¶ Find centre of mass of list of points.
Notes
Uniform weighting applied if masses not supplied.
Parameters: Returns: com – Centre of mass of points.
Return type: numpy.array
Raises: ValueError
– if len(masses) != len(points)
-
closest_distance
()¶ Minimun distance between two lists of points in R^3.
Distances are calculated pairwise between points in points1 and points2. The minimum of all these distance values is returned.
Parameters: Returns: min_dist – The minimum distance between any point from points1 and any point from point2.
Return type:
-
closest_points_on_lines
()¶ Notes
p0, p1, q0, q1 describe two lines, L1 (p0 -> p1) and L2 (q0 -> q1). L1 (2) is the infinite extension of the line that passes through a (q0) and has direction p0->p1 (q0->q1). Two points point_1, and point_2 on L1 and L2 respectively, are returned. The distance between point_1 and point_2 is smaller than any other points on L1 and L2. Code adapted from http://geomalgorithms.com/a07-_distance.html, where a more detailed explanation is available.
Parameters: Returns: - point_1 (numpy.array)
- point_2 (numpy.array)
-
cylindrical_to_cartesian
()¶ Converts from cylindrical to cartesian coordinates system
Notes
Cylindrical coordinates are here defined by a radius, an azimuth angle and a z value. The azimuth is the angle in the x-y plane, with counter-clockwise direction being positive. So: azimuth = 0 => lies on x-axis, azimuth = 90 => lies in y axis, zenith = 180 => lies antiparallel to x-axis. The radius and the z value are the radius and height of the cylinder, respectively. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylindrical_coordinate_system and/or http://mathworld.wolfram.com/CylindricalCoordinates.html for more information.
Parameters: Returns: cartesian coordinates corresponding to the input cylindrical coordinates.
Return type:
-
find_foot
()¶ Finds the perpendicular foot of a point (p) and a line (ab).
The points a and b define a line in R^3. There is a point on this line, q, that has the shortest Euclidian distance from the point p. This point is the perpendicular foot, and is returned by this function.
Notes
See http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Point-LineDistance3-Dimensional.html for a useful work-through of the maths. Parameterise the line ab by t, so that a point on the line is of the form: a + (b-a)*t. Define f(t) = [distance(t, p)]^2. Want t such that f(t) is at a minimum. Solve f’(t) = 0 for t. Substituting this value of t into a + (b-a)*t yields the desired point q.
Parameters: Returns: q – The point on the line between a and b that is closest to q.
Return type: list or tuple or numpy.array
-
find_foot_on_plane
()¶ Finds the perpendicular foot of a point (p) and a plane defined by points a, b and c.
The points a, b and c must define a plane in R^3 (i.e. they cannot be collinear). There is a point on this plane, q, that has the shortest Euclidian distance from the point p. This point is the perpendicular foot, and is returned by this function.
Notes
- This page:
- http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/723937/find-the-point-on-a-plane-3x-4y-z-1-that-is-closest-to-1-0-1 gives a work-through of this kind of problem for a specific example.
The solution uses the Lagrangian multiplier: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrange_multiplier We look for the minimum values of the distance function f (squared to make it easier!)
f(x, y, z) = (x - p[0])^2 + (y - p[1])^2 + (z - p[2])^2subject to the constraint g(x, y, z) = 0, where g is the equation of the plane. The Langrangian multiplier L = f(x, y, z) - lambda*(g(x, y, z)). We calculate the partial deriviatves of this (wrt x, y, z and lambda). Solve first for lambda gives the equation for the lagrangian_lambda value in this function. Then substitute lambda back in to get the solution for (x, y, z) = q.
Parameters: Returns: s – The point on the plane that is closest to q.
Return type: numpy.array
-
find_limits
()¶
-
find_transformations
()¶ Returns geometrical transformations required to align the vector from s1 -> e1 with the vector from s2 -> e2
Notes
Applying the transformations returned to the line from s1 -> e2, will align it with the line from s2 -> e2. After transformation, s1 will have been moved onto s2. Apply the rotation (given by angle, axis and point) first and then the translation (given by translation).
Parameters: Returns: - translation (numpy.array(3)) – 3D vector. Translation to be applied to s1 to move it onto s2.
- angle (float) – angle for rotation (default: degrees).
- axis (numpy.array(3)) – axis about which to rotate line 1 to align it with line 2.
- point (numpy.array(3)) – a point lying on the rotation axis.
-
gen_sectors
()¶ Separates the coordinates into overlapping sectors.
-
intersection_start_and_end
()¶ Find start and end indices of the part of the list of points ‘subject’ that will intersect with ‘reference’
Notes
This is a function designed to find assemblies from within bundles of helices. The idea here is to take two lists of points, a subject and a reference. We want to find the part of the subject (this could be all of it, or none of it) that would intersect the line joining the points in the reference, if the line joining the points of subject was the prinicipal axis of a cylinder of infinite radius. If subject was a list of ten points joining (0, 0 , 0) and (0, 0, 10), and reference was a list of 1000 points joining (10, 0, 7) and (10, 0, 12) this function would return (7, 10). If the subject and reference for the above example were swapped around, however, the function would return (0, 599).
Parameters: - subject (list of numpy.array) – A list of points in R^3.
- reference (list of numpy.array) – A list of points in R^3.
Returns: - start_index (int) – The index of the first point in subject that is part of the intersection described above.
- end_index (int) – The index of the final point in subject that is part of the intersection described above.
-
minimal_distance_between_lines
()¶ Finds the minimal distance between two the two lines joining p0 to p1 and q0 to q1.
The points p0, p1, q0 and d are used to construct two lines in R^3. The first line L1 is from p0 to p1, the second line L2 is from q0 to q1. The minimal distance between these lines is the length of the line that connects them and is perpendicular to both L1 and L2.
Notes
See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skew_lines#Distance for more information. Also http://geomalgorithms.com/a07-_distance.html
Parameters: Returns: dist – The distance between the two lines.
Return type:
-
points_on_a_circle
()¶ List of n uniformly distributed (x, y) coordinates on the circumference of a circle.
Parameters: - n (int) – Number of points to return.
- radius (float) –
- centre (tuple or list or numpy.array) –
- rotation (float) – Angle in degrees by which all points will be rotated. rotation = 0 means that the line from the centre to the first point is parallel to the x-axis. rotation > 0 => anti-clockwise rotation
Returns: points – (x, y) coordinates of uniformly distributed points on the circumference of the circle
Return type: list(2-tuples)
-
radius_of_circumcircle
()¶ Returns the radius the circumcircle of a triangle, when supplied with three points (p, q, r).
Notes
See http://www.analyzemath.com/Geometry/Circumcircle/CircumcircleRadius.html for more information. Three (non-colinear) points define a traingle. The circumcircle is the circle that passes though these points.
Parameters: Returns: radius
Return type:
-
rmsd
()¶ Returns average distance between points in points1 and their counterparts in points2.
Parameters: Returns: rmsd
Return type: Raises: ValueError : if len(points1) != len(points2)
-
rotation_matrix
()¶ Find rotation matrix for rotating about unit_vect by angle.
Notes
See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_matrix for more information. In particular, the section headed ‘Rotation matrix from axis and angle’.
Parameters: Returns: m – A (4 x 4) rotation matrix.
Return type: numpy.array
-
spherical_to_cartesian
()¶ Converts from spherical to cartesian coordinates system
Notes
Spherical coordinates are here defined by a radius, an azimuth angle and a zenith angle. The zenith is the angle between the point and the z-axis. So: zenith = 0 => lies on z-axis, zenith = 90 => lies in x-y plane, zenith = 180 => lies antiparallel to z-axis. The azimuth is the angle in the x-y plane, with counter-clockwise direction being positive. So: azimuth = 0 => lies on x-axis, azimuth = 90 => lies in y axis, zenith = 180 => lies antiparallel to x-axis. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_coordinate_system and/or http://mathworld.wolfram.com/SphericalCoordinates.html for more information. If zenith = 0, then x and y are both 0 regardless of azimuth value. If azimuth = 0, then y is 0 regardless of zenith value.
Parameters: Returns: cartesian coordinates corresponding to the input spherical coordinates.
Return type:


Top 10 features of good a pharmacy software system..
Good pharmacy software must include many different functions and capacities. The best software must accurately manage relatively complex billing settlement in real-time, keep track of detailed patient administration data, track inventory, manage the workflow, and generate dozens of reports.
It should be designed to simplify your business operations, improve the efficiency and quality of services you offer to your patients. Moreover, it should authorize and support employees and centralized business management when operating across multiple branches.
A sound software system gives you a secure platform for managing all your pharmacy activities. Only people allowed access can get into your software system and access your data. Pharmacy management software also improves your work efficiency by reducing your workload.
10 Features to look for when purchasing a pharmacy management software system:
Inventory management system
A sound pharmacy software system should allow you to understand the present situation of your stock. With this feature, you can generate the stock reports for your pharmacy automatically. Moreover, you can monitor and track the best suitable medicine needed by your customers. It should allow you to identify new orders as they arrive and make it easy for you to regulate inventory levels. Besides, it should help identify the returnable stock that not in use in your pharmacy.
Customer service efficiency
any pharmacy store, it can be very challenging to handle several customers at a go. You cannot serve customers fast enough, creating a wrong perception of your customers about your pharmacy. This software feature allows you to serve your customer better and faster. The software system should help you do this by doing the work for you more quickly. Also, a sound software system will help you keep a good record of your customers' information. You can manage all your current customers and new customers' data efficiently. You can keep track of your customers' medication and treatments and also their payments.
Medicine stock management
Using a pharmacy management software system, you can manage all your medicine stock. It can handle all activities efficiently. With this system, you can arrange all the medicine based on different categories. You get to know which medication is available in your pharmacy, those that have expired. This feature allows you to manage all medicine stock efficiently in your pharmacy.
Generate reports automatically
The work of any software system should be to simplify your work by reducing your workload. This feature ensures that the software system can generate reports automatically for you. The software can create medicine reports, purchase reports, manufacturer reports, and profit and loss reports, among others, for you automatically. Moreover, filling these reports is very time-consuming and has excellent potential for errors or omissions. Hence, the software system will be an excellent choice for civilizing the working effectiveness in your pharmacy.
Purchase and sales invoice
It allows you to quickly and accurately manage and maintain your financial sector. It provides an error-free calculation system also keeps records of suppliers and manufacturer's payments. You get to control the cash flow in your pharmacy. Likewise, the pharmacy management software should allow you to reduce costs in your pharmacy. It does this in many ways; for instance, you manage the whole system at a little cost. There is also no need to hire extra employees. Furthermore, the system is maintained of your own accord. As a result, the pharmacy management software system saves you money and makes your business profitable.
Human resource
It allows you to maintain attendance, payroll, expenses, and assets, among other things in your pharmacy. Besides, this feature will enable you to automate manual tasks, keep employee information organized in your pharmacy, and create data-driven reports Reducing errors, improving the organization of documents, and your employee data get accurate analytics, and keep your pharmacy compliant to government regulations.
Supplier information
Good software helps you manage all your supplier information. Good pharmacy software will help you monitor the risk and quantity of stock supplied to your pharmacy. With led suppliers and highly accurate records, your customers can are managed quickly. A sound pharmacy management system ensures there is full transparency between your organization and supplier, improves collaboration between your pharmacy and supplier, increases supplier's responsiveness as the system generates all the supplier data for you, and increases customer satisfaction.
Prescription information management
The software system should be very user-friendly and accurate. This feature allows you to manage your prescriptions. Great pharmacy software helps you have comprehensive information about every order in your pharmacy. With the software system, you should be able to see the whole prescription process, from the time it was being filled to how moved to where it is currently. Reliable pharmacy software systems help deliver medication based on medical history, medication list, illness, among other characteristics. It allows the pharmacist to dispense medication appropriately based on the customer's prescription.
System Reliability
The software system should be very stable. It should not break down, freeze, or become unstable, except on rare occasions. The programming should have been in such a way that all the concurrent functions take place efficiently and swiftly. The primary purpose of any software system is to reduce the time spent doing certain pharmacy activities, hence the first the software system works, the better. If a software system helps you spare a few seconds, it can result in many minutes over a year.
Good technical support.
An excellent software system should also come with excellent tech support, which means that there has to be a good relationship between the two businesses. As you pay for the software system, look to ensure the support system and services offered to you are efficient. Excellent tech support means that you can rely on the software company to help you solve any issues or problems you might have. You are not just purchasing a software system but also a business relationship.


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In many cases game format is not recorded accurately in replays (mostly in
Private
and
Public
games).
${appName} can detect the accurate game format based on the
matchup
, and as a result you will see exact game format like
2v2
instead of just seeing
Custom
.
Recommended to leave this setting enabled.


| Home | Trees | Index | Help |
|
|---|
| Package openid :: Package consumer :: Module consumer :: Class AuthRequest |
|
object
--+
|
AuthRequest
An object that holds the state necessary for generating an OpenID authentication request. This object holds the association with the server and the discovered information with which the request will be made.
It is separate from the consumer because you may wish to add things to the request before sending it on its way to the server. It also has serialization options that let you encode the authentication request as a URL or as a form POST.| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
Creates a new AuthRequest object. | |
Add an extension to this checkid request. | |
Add an extension argument to this OpenID authentication request. | |
Get html for a form to submit this request to the IDP. | |
openid.message.Message
|
Produce a openid.message.Message representing this
request. |
| str |
Returns a URL with an encoded OpenID request. |
Set whether this request should be made anonymously. | |
| bool |
Should this OpenID authentication request be sent as a HTTP redirect or as a POST (form submission)? |
Inherited from object :
__delattr__ ,
__getattribute__ ,
__hash__ ,
__new__ ,
__reduce__ ,
__reduce_ex__ ,
__repr__ ,
__setattr__ ,
__str__
|
| Method Details |
|---|
__init__(self,
endpoint,
assoc)
|
addExtension(self, extension_request)Add an extension to this checkid request.
|
addExtensionArg(self, namespace, key, value)Add an extension argument to this OpenID authentication request. Use caution when adding arguments, because they will be URL-escaped and appended to the redirect URL, which can easily get quite long.
|
formMarkup(self, realm, return_to=None, immediate=False, form_tag_attrs=None)Get html for a form to submit this request to the IDP.
|
getMessage(self, realm, return_to=None, immediate=False)Produce aopenid.message.Message representing this
request.
|
redirectURL(self, realm, return_to=None, immediate=False)Returns a URL with an encoded OpenID request. The resulting URL is the OpenID provider's endpoint URL with parameters appended as query arguments. You should redirect the user agent to this URL. OpenID 2.0 endpoints also accept POST requests, see and .
|
setAnonymous(self, is_anonymous)Set whether this request should be made anonymously. If a request is anonymous, the identifier will not be sent in the request. This is only useful if you are making another kind of request with an extension in this request. Anonymous requests are not allowed when the request is made with OpenID 1.
|
shouldSendRedirect(self)Should this OpenID authentication request be sent as a HTTP redirect or as a POST (form submission)?
|
| Home | Trees | Index | Help |
|
|---|
| Generated by Epydoc 2.1 on Fri Dec 14 16:10:53 2007 | http://epydoc.sf.net |


| SECCOMP(2) | Linux Programmer's Manual | SECCOMP(2) |
#include <linux/seccomp.h> #include <linux/filter.h> #include <linux/audit.h> #include <linux/signal.h> #include <sys/ptrace.h>
int seccomp(unsigned int operation, unsigned int flags, void *args);
Currently, Linux supports the following operation values:
prctl(PR_SET_SECCOMP, SECCOMP_MODE_STRICT);
prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1);
prctl(PR_SET_SECCOMP, SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER, args);
struct sock_fprog { unsigned short len; /* Number of BPF instructions */ struct sock_filter *filter; /* Pointer to array of BPF instructions */ };
Each program must contain one or more BPF instructions:
struct sock_filter { /* Filter block */ __u16 code; /* Actual filter code */ __u8 jt; /* Jump true */ __u8 jf; /* Jump false */ __u32 k; /* Generic multiuse field */ };
When executing the instructions, the BPF program operates on the system call information made available (i.e., use the BPF_ABS addressing mode) as a (read-only) buffer of the following form:
struct seccomp_data { int nr; /* System call number */ __u32 arch; /* AUDIT_ARCH_* value (see <linux/audit.h>) */ __u64 instruction_pointer; /* CPU instruction pointer */ __u64 args[6]; /* Up to 6 system call arguments */ };
Because numbering of system calls varies between architectures and some architectures (e.g., x86-64) allow user-space code to use the calling conventions of multiple architectures (and the convention being used may vary over the life of a process that uses execve(2) to execute binaries that employ the different conventions), it is usually necessary to verify the value of the arch field.
It is strongly recommended to use an allow-list approach whenever possible because such an approach is more robust and simple. A deny-list will have to be updated whenever a potentially dangerous system call is added (or a dangerous flag or option if those are deny-listed), and it is often possible to alter the representation of a value without altering its meaning, leading to a deny-list bypass. See also Caveats below.
The arch field is not unique for all calling conventions. The x86-64 ABI and the x32 ABI both use AUDIT_ARCH_X86_64 as arch, and they run on the same processors. Instead, the mask __X32_SYSCALL_BIT is used on the system call number to tell the two ABIs apart.
This means that in order to create a seccomp-based deny-list for system calls performed through the x86-64 ABI, it is necessary to not only check that arch equals AUDIT_ARCH_X86_64, but also to explicitly reject all system calls that contain __X32_SYSCALL_BIT in nr.
The instruction_pointer field provides the address of the machine-language instruction that performed the system call. This might be useful in conjunction with the use of /proc/[pid]/maps to perform checks based on which region (mapping) of the program made the system call. (Probably, it is wise to lock down the mmap(2) and mprotect(2) system calls to prevent the program from subverting such checks.)
When checking values from args against a deny-list, keep in mind that arguments are often silently truncated before being processed, but after the seccomp check. For example, this happens if the i386 ABI is used on an x86-64 kernel: although the kernel will normally not look beyond the 32 lowest bits of the arguments, the values of the full 64-bit registers will be present in the seccomp data. A less surprising example is that if the x86-64 ABI is used to perform a system call that takes an argument of type int, the more-significant half of the argument register is ignored by the system call, but visible in the seccomp data.
A seccomp filter returns a 32-bit value consisting of two parts: the most significant 16 bits (corresponding to the mask defined by the constant SECCOMP_RET_ACTION_FULL) contain one of the "action" values listed below; the least significant 16-bits (defined by the constant SECCOMP_RET_DATA) are "data" to be associated with this return value.
If multiple filters exist, they are all executed, in reverse order of their addition to the filter tree—that is, the most recently installed filter is executed first. (Note that all filters will be called even if one of the earlier filters returns SECCOMP_RET_KILL. This is done to simplify the kernel code and to provide a tiny speed-up in the execution of sets of filters by avoiding a check for this uncommon case.) The return value for the evaluation of a given system call is the first-seen action value of highest precedence (along with its accompanying data) returned by execution of all of the filters.
In decreasing order of precedence, the action values that may be returned by a seccomp filter are:
If an action value other than one of the above is specified, then the filter action is treated as either SECCOMP_RET_KILL_PROCESS (since Linux 4.14) or SECCOMP_RET_KILL_THREAD (in Linux 4.13 and earlier).
The Seccomp field of the /proc/[pid]/status file provides a method of viewing the seccomp mode of a process; see proc(5).
seccomp() provides a superset of the functionality provided by the prctl(2) PR_SET_SECCOMP operation (which does not support flags).
Since Linux 4.4, the ptrace(2) PTRACE_SECCOMP_GET_FILTER operation can be used to dump a process's seccomp filters.
The consequence of the above points is that it may be necessary to filter for a system call other than might be expected. Various manual pages in Section 2 provide helpful details about the differences between wrapper functions and the underlying system calls in subsections entitled C library/kernel differences.
Furthermore, note that the application of seccomp filters even risks causing bugs in an application, when the filters cause unexpected failures for legitimate operations that the application might need to perform. Such bugs may not easily be discovered when testing the seccomp filters if the bugs occur in rarely used application code paths.
The remaining command-line arguments specify the pathname and additional arguments of a program that the example program should attempt to execute using execv(3) (a library function that employs the execve(2) system call). Some example runs of the program are shown below.
First, we display the architecture that we are running on (x86-64) and then construct a shell function that looks up system call numbers on this architecture:
$ uname -m x86_64 $ syscall_nr() { cat /usr/src/linux/arch/x86/syscalls/syscall_64.tbl | \ awk '$2 != "x32" && $3 == "'$1'" { print $1 }' }
When the BPF filter rejects a system call (case [2] above), it causes the system call to fail with the error number specified on the command line. In the experiments shown here, we'll use error number 99:
$ errno 99 EADDRNOTAVAIL 99 Cannot assign requested address
In the following example, we attempt to run the command whoami(1), but the BPF filter rejects the execve(2) system call, so that the command is not even executed:
$ syscall_nr execve 59 $ ./a.out Usage: ./a.out <syscall_nr> <arch> <errno> <prog> [<args>] Hint for <arch>: AUDIT_ARCH_I386: 0x40000003 AUDIT_ARCH_X86_64: 0xC000003E $ ./a.out 59 0xC000003E 99 /bin/whoami execv: Cannot assign requested address
In the next example, the BPF filter rejects the write(2) system call, so that, although it is successfully started, the whoami(1) command is not able to write output:
$ syscall_nr write 1 $ ./a.out 1 0xC000003E 99 /bin/whoami
In the final example, the BPF filter rejects a system call that is not used by the whoami(1) command, so it is able to successfully execute and produce output:
$ syscall_nr preadv 295 $ ./a.out 295 0xC000003E 99 /bin/whoami cecilia
#include <errno.h> #include <stddef.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <linux/audit.h> #include <linux/filter.h> #include <linux/seccomp.h> #include <sys/prctl.h> #define X32_SYSCALL_BIT 0x40000000 static int install_filter(int syscall_nr, int t_arch, int f_errno) { unsigned int upper_nr_limit = 0xffffffff; /* Assume that AUDIT_ARCH_X86_64 means the normal x86-64 ABI (in the x32 ABI, all system calls have bit 30 set in the 'nr' field, meaning the numbers are >= X32_SYSCALL_BIT) */ if (t_arch == AUDIT_ARCH_X86_64) upper_nr_limit = X32_SYSCALL_BIT - 1; struct sock_filter filter[] = { /* [0] Load architecture from 'seccomp_data' buffer into accumulator */ BPF_STMT(BPF_LD | BPF_W | BPF_ABS, (offsetof(struct seccomp_data, arch))), /* [1] Jump forward 5 instructions if architecture does not match 't_arch' */ BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP | BPF_JEQ | BPF_K, t_arch, 0, 5), /* [2] Load system call number from 'seccomp_data' buffer into accumulator */ BPF_STMT(BPF_LD | BPF_W | BPF_ABS, (offsetof(struct seccomp_data, nr))), /* [3] Check ABI - only needed for x86-64 in deny-list use cases. Use BPF_JGT instead of checking against the bit mask to avoid having to reload the syscall number. */ BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP | BPF_JGT | BPF_K, upper_nr_limit, 3, 0), /* [4] Jump forward 1 instruction if system call number does not match 'syscall_nr' */ BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP | BPF_JEQ | BPF_K, syscall_nr, 0, 1), /* [5] Matching architecture and system call: don't execute the system call, and return 'f_errno' in 'errno' */ BPF_STMT(BPF_RET | BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_ERRNO | (f_errno & SECCOMP_RET_DATA)), /* [6] Destination of system call number mismatch: allow other system calls */ BPF_STMT(BPF_RET | BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW), /* [7] Destination of architecture mismatch: kill task */ BPF_STMT(BPF_RET | BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_KILL), }; struct sock_fprog prog = { .len = (unsigned short) (sizeof(filter) / sizeof(filter[0])), .filter = filter, }; if (seccomp(SECCOMP_SET_MODE_FILTER, 0, &prog)) { perror("seccomp"); return 1; } return 0; } int main(int argc, char **argv) { if (argc < 5) { fprintf(stderr, "Usage: " "%s <syscall_nr> <arch> <errno> <prog> [<args>]\n" "Hint for <arch>: AUDIT_ARCH_I386: 0x%X\n" " AUDIT_ARCH_X86_64: 0x%X\n" "\n", argv[0], AUDIT_ARCH_I386, AUDIT_ARCH_X86_64); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } if (prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1, 0, 0, 0)) { perror("prctl"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } if (install_filter(strtol(argv[1], NULL, 0), strtol(argv[2], NULL, 0), strtol(argv[3], NULL, 0))) exit(EXIT_FAILURE); execv(argv[4], &argv[4]); perror("execv"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); }
Various pages from the libseccomp library, including: scmp_sys_resolver(1), seccomp_init(3), seccomp_load(3), seccomp_rule_add(3), and seccomp_export_bpf(3).
The kernel source files Documentation/networking/filter.txt and Documentation/userspace-api/seccomp_filter.rst (or Documentation/prctl/seccomp_filter.txt before Linux 4.13).
McCanne, S. and Jacobson, V. (1992) The BSD Packet Filter: A New Architecture for User-level Packet Capture, Proceedings of the USENIX Winter 1993 Conference http://www.tcpdump.org/papers/bpf-usenix93.pdf
| 2019-11-19 | Linux |


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block content %} {% if errors %}
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The object-relational database management system now known as PostgreSQL is derived from the POSTGRES package written at the University of California at Berkeley. With over two decades of development behind it, PostgreSQL is now the most advanced open-source database available anywhere.
The POSTGRES project, led by Professor Michael Stonebraker, was sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the Army Research Office (ARO), the National Science Foundation (NSF), and ESL, Inc. The implementation of POSTGRES began in 1986. The initial concepts for the system were presented in The design of POSTGRES , and the definition of the initial data model appeared in The POSTGRES data model . The design of the rule system at that time was described in The design of the POSTGRES rules system. The rationale and architecture of the storage manager were detailed in The design of the POSTGRES storage system .
POSTGRES has undergone several major releases since then. The first "demoware" system became operational in 1987 and was shown at the 1988 ACM-SIGMOD Conference. Version 1, described in The implementation of POSTGRES , was released to a few external users in June 1989. In response to a critique of the first rule system ( A commentary on the POSTGRES rules system ), the rule system was redesigned ( On Rules, Procedures, Caching and Views in Database Systems ), and Version 2 was released in June 1990 with the new rule system. Version 3 appeared in 1991 and added support for multiple storage managers, an improved query executor, and a rewritten rule system. For the most part, subsequent releases until Postgres95 (see below) focused on portability and reliability.
POSTGRES has been used to implement many different research and production applications. These include: a financial data analysis system, a jet engine performance monitoring package, an asteroid tracking database, a medical information database, and several geographic information systems. POSTGRES has also been used as an educational tool at several universities. Finally, Illustra Information Technologies (later merged into Informix, which is now owned by IBM) picked up the code and commercialized it. In late 1992, POSTGRES became the primary data manager for the Sequoia 2000 scientific computing project.
The size of the external user community nearly doubled during 1993. It became increasingly obvious that maintenance of the prototype code and support was taking up large amounts of time that should have been devoted to database research. In an effort to reduce this support burden, the Berkeley POSTGRES project officially ended with Version 4.2.
In 1994, Andrew Yu and Jolly Chen added an SQL language interpreter to POSTGRES. Under a new name, Postgres95 was subsequently released to the web to find its own way in the world as an open-source descendant of the original POSTGRES Berkeley code.
Postgres95 code was completely ANSI C and trimmed in size by 25%. Many internal changes improved performance and maintainability. Postgres95 release 1.0.x ran about 30-50% faster on the Wisconsin Benchmark compared to POSTGRES, Version 4.2. Apart from bug fixes, the following were the major enhancements:
The query language PostQUEL was replaced with SQL (implemented in the server). Subqueries were not supported until PostgreSQL (see below), but they could be imitated in Postgres95 with user-defined SQL functions. Aggregate functions were re-implemented. Support for the GROUP BY query clause was also added.
A new program (psql) was provided for interactive SQL queries, which used GNU Readline. This largely superseded the old monitor program.
A new front-end library, libpgtcl, supported Tcl-based clients. A sample shell, pgtclsh, provided new Tcl commands to interface Tcl programs with the Postgres95 server.
The large-object interface was overhauled. The inversion large objects were the only mechanism for storing large objects. (The inversion file system was removed.)
The instance-level rule system was removed. Rules were still available as rewrite rules.
A short tutorial introducing regular SQL features as well as those of Postgres95 was distributed with the source code
GNU make (instead of BSD make) was used for the build. Also, Postgres95 could be compiled with an unpatched GCC (data alignment of doubles was fixed).
By 1996, it became clear that the name "Postgres95" would not stand the test of time. We chose a new name, PostgreSQL, to reflect the relationship between the original POSTGRES and the more recent versions with SQL capability. At the same time, we set the version numbering to start at 6.0, putting the numbers back into the sequence originally begun by the Berkeley POSTGRES project.
Many people continue to refer to PostgreSQL as "Postgres" (now rarely in all capital letters) because of tradition or because it is easier to pronounce. This usage is widely accepted as a nickname or alias.
The emphasis during development of Postgres95 was on identifying and understanding existing problems in the server code. With PostgreSQL, the emphasis has shifted to augmenting features and capabilities, although work continues in all areas.
Details about what has happened in PostgreSQL since then can be found in Appendix E.


Welcome to the Armstrong documentation. Here you'll find everything you need to start using Armstrong to build your project.
Curious what Armstrong is all about? Start here.
Less than 5 minutes is all it takes to get your first Armstrong project setup and responding to requests. This tutorial gets you started and is the jumping off point for everything else in Armstrong.
Looking for more in depth information about Armstrong? This section is your companion to finding your way around your new Armstrong project.


Massimo Banzi is an Interaction Designer, Educator and Open Source Hardware advocate. He is the co-founder of the Arduino project, an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. He has worked as a consultant for clients such as: Prada, Artemide, Persol, Whirlpool, V&A Museum and Adidas. He currently teaches Interaction Design at SUPSI Lugano in the south of Switzerland and is a visiting professor at CIID in Copenhagen.
Brian Chesky cofounded peer-to-peer room and home rental company Airbnb with Nathan Blecharczyk and Joe Gebbia in 2008. Chesky is CEO of Airbnb, which has been used by more than 160 million people in 65,000 cities in 190 countries. He attended Rhode Island School of Design where he met Joe Gebbia. He worked as an industrial designer and strategist at 3DID, Inc. in Los Angeles. It was not until the pair started renting out their apartment for money that they decided to create their Airbed and Breakfast idea.
Joe Gebbia is a multi-disciplinary designer, creative entrepreneur, and global explorer. He is the co-founder and CPO of Airbnb. He works across a variety of disciplines including industrial design, print, and digital experiences. He studied graphic design and product design at the Rhode Island School of Design, where he now sits on the Board of Trustees.Gebbia complimented his creative pursuits and studies at RISD with business coursework at Brown University and MIT.
Dana Chisnell is a pioneer and thought leader in civic design. She started with research at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) into the use of language in instructions on ballots (with Ginny Redish), and work on standards and testing for poll worker documentation for the Voluntary Voting System Guidelines (VVSG). She is an expert in plain language and usability for older adults, including groundbreaking work at AARP that was the basis for several requirements in the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). She teaches design in government at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government in the masters level Democracy, Politics and Institutions program. She also teaches with Whitney Quesenbery a course on design in elections that is part of the Election Academy at the University of Minnesota.
Whitney is an expert in user research, user experience, and usability, with a passion for clear communication. As Principal Consultant at Whitney Interactive Design, she works with large and small companies to develop usable Web sites and applications. She works on projects with the National Cancer Institute / National Institutes of Health, IEEE, The Open University, and others. Whitney has served as President of the Usability Professionals’ Association (UPA), on the Executive Council for UXnet, on the board of the Center for Plain Language,and as Director of the UPA Usability in Civic Life project. She has also served on two U.S. government advisory committees: Advisory Committee to the U.S. Access Board (TEITAC), updating the Section 508 regulations, and as Chair for Human Factors and Privacy on the Elections Assistance Commission Advisory Committee (TGDC), creating requirements for voting systems for US elections.
Chappell Ellison is a writer, editor, content strategist, and design advocate based in New York City. She primarily works with and for designers, and offers a full range of editorial services for companies and individuals. In design, she supports writing, research, content strategy, project management, reporting, editing, and copywriting. Her communication philosophy is to be clear as possible and to respect your audience. She is a Senior Content Strategist at Huge and prior to that was a Digital Strategist for the City of New York. Other companies and institutions she has worked for include: Museum of Modern Art, Etsy, Museum of the Moving Image, Razorfish, and Design Observer.
Ethan Marcotte is an independent web designer based in Boston, Massachusetts. He coined the term "responsive design," a way to fluidly display websites. His popular books on the topic, Responsive Web Design and Responsive Design: Patterns and Principles, have been widely praised, showing how designers and organizations can leverage the web’s flexibility to design across platforms. He has been a featured speaker at many conferences, including An Event Apart, Webstock, and SXSW Interactive. His clientele has included New York Magazine, the Sundance Film Festival, The Boston Globe, and People Magazine. He also cofounded Editorially, a collaborative writing platform.
Richard Saul Wurman is an American architect and graphic designer. Wurman received both his M. Arch. & B. Arch. degrees from the University of Pennsylvania, from where he graduated in 1959 with the highest honors, and was awarded the Arthur Spayed Brooks Gold Medal. Wurman has written and designed at least 83 books, and created the TED conference, as well as the EG conference, TEDMED and the WWW suite of gatherings.
Jen Simmons is the host and executive producer of The Web Ahead. She is a Designer and Developer Advocate at Mozilla, where she advocates for web standards and researches the coming revolution in graphic design on the web. She’s spoken at events including An Event Apart, SXSW, Fluent, Generate, Future of Web Design, and Respond. Simmons launched her first client website in 1998 and spent years making sites for small businesses, arts organizations, and creative individuals. Some of her clients include CERN, the W3C, Google, Drupal, Temple University, and the Annenberg Foundation.
Jeffrey Zeldman is the founder of Happy Cog. He is an internationally known designer and writer, architect of the web standards movement. He is the publisher of the web design magazine A List Apart, and the co-founder of the web design conference An Event Apart. He wrote the front-end bible Designing With Web Standards. Zeldman teaches in the MFA Interaction Design program at School of Visual Arts NYC; and hosts The Big Web Show.


{% extends '_layouts/layout_index_in_blue_box.html' %} {% block page_title %} Chlamydia - NHS.UK {% endblock %} {% block pageTitle %} Chlamydia {% endblock %} {% block leftContent %}
If you have chlamydia a health professional will give you antibiotics. It's usually one of the following:
You might be given different antibiotics if you have an allergy, or you're pregnant or breastfeeding.
If you get tested by a health professional, they might give you antibiotics before you get your test results. This could happen if it's likely that you have chlamydia, for example you have symptoms.
 This is so you don't pass on the infection or get it again.
After you've finished the antibiotics, you should get tested again to check that the chlamydia infection is gone.
{% endblock %}


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2020 Nissan Sentra To Be Revealed On November 19
But we've seen it already as the Sylphy for China.
by Adrian PadeanuNissan introduced the all-new Sylphy in China back in April at Auto Shanghai, but it won’t be until next week before the compact sedan will put on a pair of side markers for its North American counterpart. Car and Driver has learned the 2020 Sentra will premiere on November 19 at a standalone event scheduled to be organized just before the Los Angeles Auto Show. That’s when we will learn the technical specifications regarding the U.S.-spec variant, although some might have emerged already.
If you recall, an order guide surfaced onto the Internet a few weeks ago to reveal the 2020 Sentra might lose the manual gearbox as the standard model was listed only with a continuously variable transmission. As a refresher, the outgoing Sentra S can be had with a choice between a manual (from $17,990) and a CVT (from $18,680).
Gallery: 2019 Nissan Sylphy
On the flip side, the same document sent out by Nissan revealed the sedan will have a naturally aspirated 2.0-liter gasoline engine producing 149 horsepower and 145 pound-feet (196 Newton-meters) of torque, which would be an improvement over the outgoing base model. The entry-level 2019 Sentra has a 1.8-liter engine with 130 hp and 128 lb-ft (173 Nm) of torque, so you’d get an extra 19 hp and 17 lb-ft (23 Nm) by waiting for the 2020MY car, provided you can live without the six-speed manual. Perhaps a more fair comparison would be with the CVT-equipped 2019 Sentra, which offers 124 hp and 125 lb-ft (169 Nm) or 25 hp and 20 lb-ft (27 Nm) less than its replacement is projected to have.
It’s worth mentioning we spotted a prototype in August that clearly had a six-speed manual gearbox lever, so not all hope is lost for those who prefer to row their own gears. It’s better to wait for the official reveal before assuming the new Sentra will be a CVT-only affair.
2020 Nissan Sentra prototype
2020 Nissan Sentra prototype
Aside from getting extra power, it is believed – based on the same order guide – the U.S.-spec 2020 Sentra will ditch the torsion beam rear setup for a multi-link suspension available as standard across all trims, which should liven up handling while tackling corners.
All trim levels will get the Nissan Safety Shield 360 array of systems as standard equipment even on the entry-level car. Expect the car to have lane departure warning, blind spot warning, rear cross-traffic alert, automatic high beams, and automatic emergency braking without having to tick any of the boxes on the options list.
Discover Its Chinese Cousin:
We’ll learn everything there is to know about the eighth-gen Sentra next Tuesday.
Source: Car and Driver


Building
Click uses an Ant based build system for
creating JAR files, application WAR files and the Click distribution.
- Build Configuration
- Ant Targets
- Framework Dependencies
- Extras Dependencies
- Third-party Licensing Issues
1. Build Configuration
The configuration of the Click Ant build system is detailed below:
+--[build] Ant build directory
| |
| +---build.xml Ant build script
| |
| +---build.properties Ant build properties
|
+--[dist] JAR and WAR file output directory
|
+--[documentation] Click documentation set application
|
+--[examples] Click Examples application
| |
| +---build.xml Ant build script
| |
| +---README.txt Click Examples Readme file
|
+--[extras] Click Extras source directory
|
+--[framework] Click framework source directory
|
+--[lib] Dependent JAR libraries directory
|
+--[mock] Mock objects source directory
1.1 Build Requirements
Ensure the following requirements are met before performing builds:
- Ensure JAVA_HOME environment variable is set and points to
a JDK installation (1.5 or later).
- Ensure ANT_HOME environment variable is set and points to
an Ant installation (1.7.0 or later).
- Ensure junit.jar is present in your ANT_HOME/lib
directory.
2. Ant Targets
ant help
Buildfile: build.xml
help:
[echo] Click web application framework
[echo] ===============================
[echo] Main targets:
[echo] build-all build framework, extras, examples
[echo] build-distribution build distribution ZIP file
[echo] build-examples build click-examples WAR file
[echo] build-extras build click-extras JAR file
[echo] build-framework build click framework JAR file
[echo] build-maven-bundles build Maven repository upload bundles
[echo] build-mock build mock JAR file
[echo] build-sources build source ZIP files for use with IDEs
[echo] checkstyle run checkstyle report on Java source
[echo] deploy-examples copy examples WAR files to app server
[echo] get-deps download JAR dependencies
[echo] get-deps-proxy download JAR dependencies via proxy
[echo] help display the Help message
[echo] javadoc create Javadoc HTML files
[echo] project-quick-start build application template
[echo] test-all run all unit tests
[echo] Please ensure you have configured build.properties
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
2.1 Getting Dependencies
- Run the Ant target get-deps to download JAR dependencies
from the Maven repository:
ant get-deps
If you are behind a firewall use the Ant target get-deps-proxy
and configure you proxy settings in build.properties
# Proxy hostname used by Ant target 'get-deps-proxy'
proxy.host=<IP_ADDRESS>
# Proxy port for by Ant target 'get-deps-proxy'
proxy.port=3128
2.2 Building Framework
To build the Click framework JAR file click.jar
- Ensure the above configurations have been made and get-deps has
been run.
- Run the Ant target build-framework to build the framework:
ant build-framework
2.3 Building Extras
Click Extras JAR file click-extras.jar
- Ensure the above configurations have been made and get-deps has
been run.
- Run the Ant targets framework and build-extras:
ant build-framework build-extras
2.4 Building Examples
To build the Click Examples and Click QuickStart web application WAR files:
- Please see the examples/README.txt file, ensuring the
required properties have been configured and the dependencies downloaded.
- Ensure the above configurations have been made and get-deps has
been run.
- Run the Ant target build-all:
ant build-all
3. Framework Dependencies
The Click framework has the following runtime dependencies.
| Library |
Version |
JAR / Source |
Author |
Description |
| Java Runtime |
1.5 |
n/a |
Sun Microsystems |
J2SE Runtime Environment |
| Servlet API |
2.3 |
servlet-2.3.jar |
Sun Microsystems |
JEE Servlet API |
| Velocity Engine |
1.7 |
velocity-1.7.jar* |
Apache Velocity |
Velocity Templating Framework |
| Velocity Tools |
2.0 |
WebappResourceLoader source** |
Jakarta Velocity Tools |
Velocity Tools Utility Library |
| OGNL |
2.6.9 |
ognl-2.6.9.jar * |
OGNL |
Object Graph Navigation Library |
| Common Language |
2.5 |
commons-lang-2.5.jar * |
Jakarta Commons |
General Language Utilities Library |
| Common FileUpload |
1.2.1 |
commons-fileupload-1.2.1.jar * |
Jakarta Commons |
HTTP File Upload Library |
| Commons Codec |
1.4 |
commons-codec-1.4.jar * |
Jakarta Commons |
Encoding Decoding Library |
| Commons Collections |
3.2.1 |
commons-collections-3.2.1.jar * |
Jakarta Commons |
Collection Utilities Library |
| Common IO |
2.0.1 |
commons-io-2.0.1.jar * |
Jakarta Commons |
IO Utilities Library |
* : marked JAR libraries or Java source are included in the
click.jar file.
** : marked JAR libraries or Java source are included in both
the click.jar and click-nodeps.jar files.
The standard click-xx.jar includes all of the listed dependencies.
Alternatively use the click-nodeps-xx.jar which includes none of these
dependencies (except dependencies marked with **, which
are included in both jars).
4. Extras Dependencies
The Click Extras has the following runtime dependencies in addition to the
Framework dependencies.
Please note: a runtime dependency is only required if you use the specific
library. For example, if you use Hibernate, you need hibernate.jar on your
classpath, otherwise it is not needed.
| Library |
Version |
JAR |
Author |
Description |
| Cayenne |
3.0 |
cayenne-server-3.0.jar |
Apache Cayenne |
ORM Framework |
| Freemarker |
2.3.16 |
freemarker-2.3.16.jar |
Freemarker |
Alternate Template Engine to Velocity |
| Hibernate |
3.2.6 |
hibernate-3.2.6.ga.jar |
Hibernate |
ORM Framework |
| Log4J |
1.2.16 |
log4j-1.2.16.jar |
Log4j |
Logging Framework |
| Spring |
2.5.6 |
spring-2.5.6.jar |
Spring Framework |
IoC Framework |
| Prototype |
1.6.1 |
JavaScript source* |
Prototype Org |
JavaScript library |
| script.aculo.us |
1.8.3 |
JavaScript source* |
script.aculo.us |
JavaScript library |
* : marked JavaScript sources are included in the
click-extras.jar file.
5. Third-party Licensing Issues
- Hibernate
is licensed under the Lesser GNU Public License, which is a more restrictive license
than the Apache Software License used by Apache Click. The restriction only
really applies when you try and redistribute a modified version of Hibernate
and should not affect the majority of users. Please see their
FAQ
for more detail.
Because of these licensing issues, the Hibernate package can optionally be
excluded from the Click Extras build. Please see build.properties
for details.


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- This is a deep dive into the history of the Capcom modern zombie classic, Dead Rising.
Discover how the series fell from grace and hit rock bottom over time. Will we ever see another classic Dead Rising title?
Click and see to find out!
- An analysis of Valve's groundbreaking series Half-Life. After nearly a decade and a half, could a series so coveted be able to live up to people's expectations... or become another
dead series, that fell into mediocrity. Find out by clicking above!
- The history in creating Naughty Dog's magnum opus The Last Of Us. A game that divided many... depicting elements of story telling never before seen in gaming at the time. A revolutionary vision or a
half-assed gaming experience? You decide; Check out the clip above!


Top 10 shows I've Enjoyed
Rick and Morty
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WHERE'S THE ANY KEY?!!!
The X-Files


This program users to construct a table that is read by filter at run-time to localize the impact of sets of observation types on sets of state vector quantities. The standard DART algorithms compute increments for an observation and then compute corresponding increments for each model state variable due to that observation. To do this, DART computes a sample regression coefficient using the prior ensemble distributions of a state variable and the observation. The increments for each member of the observation are multiplied by this regression coefficient and then added to the corresponding prior ensemble member for the state variable. However, in many cases, it is appropriate to reduce the impact of an observation on a state variable; this is called localization. The standard DART algorithms allow users to specify a localization that is a function of the horizontal (and optionally vertical) distance between the observation and the state variable. The localization is a value between 0 and 1 and multiplies the regression coefficient when updating state ensemble members.
Sometimes, it may be desirable to do an additional localization that is a function of the type of observation and the state vector quantity. This program allows users to construct a table that is read by filter at run-time to localize the impact of sets of observation types on sets of state vectorquantities. Users can create named sets of observation types and sets of state vector quantities and specify a localization for the impact of the specified observation types on the state vector quantities.
An example would be to create a subset of observations of tracer concentration for a variety of tracers, and a subset of dynamic state variable quantities like temperatures and wind components. It has been common to set this localization value to 0 so that tracer observations have no impact on dynamic state quantities, however, the tool allows values between 0 and 1 to be specified.
All the listed observation types and state vector quantities must be known by the system. If they are not, look at the &preprocess_nml :: input_items namelist which specifies which obs_def_xxx_mod.f90 files are included, which is where observation types are defined. Quantities are defined in the assimilation_code/modules/observations/DEFAULT_obs_kinds_mod.F90 file. (Note you must add new quantities in 2 places if you do alter this file.)
| Type | Attributes | Name | Initial | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| character(len=256), | parameter | :: | source | = | "$URL$" | |
| character(len=32), | parameter | :: | revision | = | "$Revision$" | |
| character(len=128), | parameter | :: | revdate | = | "$Date$" | |
| character(len=128), | parameter | :: | id | = | "$Id$" | |
| integer | :: | funit | ||||
| integer | :: | ios | ||||
| character(len=512) | :: | input_filename | = | '' | ||
| character(len=512) | :: | output_filename | = | '' | ||
| logical | :: | debug | = | .false. |


Table
sealed class Table
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A table of rows to assert on. This makes it easy to run the same assertions are a number of inputs and outputs.
A table of rows to assert on. This makes it easy to run the same assertions are a number of inputs and outputs.


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1 IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT MADRAS DATED: 24.04.2019 CORAM: THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE R.SUBBIAH and THE HONOURABLE MR.JUSTICE KRISHNAN RAMASAMY W.P.No.6628 of 2019 and W.M.P.Nos.7453 and 7455 of 2019 M/s.Velan Crusher, Rep. by its Proprietor Mr.Kannaiyan S/o Mr.Velan, Panampatti Village, Amman Pettai, Melur Post, Iluppur Taluk, Pudukottai District. .. Petitioner Vs. 1. The Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board, Rep. by its Chairman, No.76, Anna Salai, Guindy, Chennai-600 032. 2. The District Environmental Engineer, Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board, Pudukottai District. 3. The Chairman, Tamil Nadu Electricity Department, Vegappatty, Pudukottai District. .. Respondents Writ Petition filed under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, praying for issuance of a Writ of Certiorarified Mandamus to call for the records of the impugned order dated 18.12.2018 passed in Appeal Nos.32 and 33/2018 by the http://www.judis.nic.in 2 Appellate Authority, Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board, confirming the order dated 19.03.2018 bearing No.F.0770PDK/OS/DEE/TNPCB/22/W&A/2018 of the second respondent and quash the same and further direct the respondents 1 and 2 to grant consent to operate stone crushing unit at S.Nos.81/3B, 81/4, 81/17, 73/3C, 73/3E, 73/4, 73/3D, 81/18B, 81/18C, Panampatti Village, Iluppur Taluk, Pudukottai District, to the petitioner. For petitioner : Mr.K.S.Viswanathan For respondents : Mr.C.Kasirajan for RR-1 and 2 Mr.P.Gunaraj for R-3 ORDER
(The Order of the Court was made by R.Subbiah,J) The petitioner has come forward with the present Writ Petition praying for issuance of a Writ of Certiorarified Mandamus to call for the records of the impugned order dated 18.12.2018 passed in Appeal Nos.32 and 33/2018 by the Appellate Authority, Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board, confirming the order dated 19.03.2018 bearing No.F.0779PDK/OS/DEE/TNPCB/22/W&A/2018 of the second respondent and quash the same and further direct the respondents 1 and 2 to grant consent to operate stone crushing unit at S.Nos.81/3B, 81/4, 81/17, 73/3C, 73/3E, 73/4, 73/3D, 81/18B, 81/18C, Panampatti Village, Iluppur Taluk, Pudukottai District, to the petitioner.
2. It is the case of the petitioner-Unit that they were running the stone crushing unit at S.Nos.81/3B, 81/4, 81/17, 73/3C, 73/3E, 73/4, 73/3D, 81/18B, http://www.judis.nic.in 3 81/18C, Panampatti Village, Iluppur Taluk, Pudukottai District. By a registered sale deed dated 28.04.2011 bearing Doc.No.848/2011 registered at the office of the Sub-Registrar, Anna Vasal, the petitioner purchased the property and subsequently installed the machineries, both primary and secondary crushers with adequate air and water pollution control measures. The Revenue Authority, viz., Tahsildar issued patta evidencing the possession of the petitioner over the lands and the Assistant Engineer, Tamil Nadu Electricity Board issued a Certificate certifying that the petitioner is having electricity Service Connection for carrying on stone crushing unit in the said lands. The petitioner-Unit also installed dust containment system like Zinc sheet cover at the emission sources and the dust suppression system like water sprinkler arrangement in their Unit. They have also installed adequate pollution control measures in their Unit to contain air and water pollution. The petitioner-Unit is 500 metres away from the approved habitation which is evident from the Certificate dated 27.05.2016 issued by the Tahsildar, Kadayampatti Taluk.
3. It is the further case of the petitioner that even though they obtained permission from various statutory authorities to run the stone crushing unit, the petitioner inadvertently did not apply for consent from the respondent-Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) in the year 2013. On 12.01.2018, the TNPCB authorities inspected the Unit and issued a show cause notice as to why the Unit should not be closed, as they are running the Unit without valid consent http://www.judis.nic.in 4 from the TNPCB. The petitioner applied for consent from the TNPCB to run the Unit. The petitioner has made application through online on 27.01.2018 and thereafter re-submitted the same after rectifying the defects on 30.03.2018 for grant of consent both under Section 25 of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act and Section 21 of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act and the petitioner has also furnished all the relevant particulars and enclosed all necessary documents for grant of consent from the second respondent-TNPCB and the petitioner also paid consent fee under both the said Acts from the year 2013, as they were running the stone crushing Unit from the year 2013. After conducting inspection of the Unit, the second respondent rejected the grant of consent on 19.03.2018 by proceedings under both the said Acts on the grounds that one M/s.Selvi Industries, M/s.Sri Jeyamurugan Crusher, M/s.Sri Bagavathi Crusher and M/s.Sri Bagavathi Blue Metals are located within 1 kilometer radius from the petitioner-crushing Unit and the present habitation, viz., Panampatti colony is located at a distance of 485 meters from the stone crusher.
4. Aggrieved by the above order passed by the second respondent, the petitioner-Unit preferred appeals before the first respondent-Appellate Authority of the TNPCB, which were dismissed on 18.12.2018, against which the present Writ Petition is filed by the petitioner-Unit.
5. When the Writ Petition is taken up for consideration, the learned counsel for the petitioner submitted that the petitioner-Unit's request was http://www.judis.nic.in 5 rejected mainly on the ground that four crushing Units referred to above, are located within a distance of 1 Km from the petitioner-Unit and as on date, all those four stone crushing Units are either abandoned or suspended, and therefore, there cannot be any impediment for the TNPCB to grant consent to the petitioner-Unit.
6. The respondents 1 and 2/TNPCB have filed a detailed counter affidavit, wherein in paragraph 17, the status of the said four Units have been mentioned and it was indicated that the said four crusher Units are located within 1 Km radius from the petitioner-Unit and it was also indicated therein that M/s.Selvi Industries and M/s.Sri Jeyamurugan Crusher were not in operation and M/s.Sai Hridham Infraa Private Limited (formerly M/s.Sri Bagavathi Crusher) is carrying out revamping the stone crusher and it would be ready to run the Unit at any point of time and M/s.Sri Bagavathi Blue Metals is under operation at present.
7. Heard both sides and perused the materials available on record.
8. From the above details mentioned in the counter affidavit, it is seen that out of four crushing Units, the consent expired in respect of two Units and they are not in operation. In respect of the third Unit, it was renewed upto 31.03.2021 and at present, it is carrying out revamping the stone crusher and in respect of fourth Unit, the renewal of the consent is upto 31.03.2019 and it was under operation.
http://www.judis.nic.in 6
9. The learned counsel for the petitioner submitted that out of four Units, three Units were not in operation and the consent to run the petitioner-Unit by the TNPCB was rejected on the ground that the said four Units were located within 1 Km radius, and the ground for rejection of consent to the petitioner-Unit is not legally valid and hence, the learned counsel for the petitioner prayed to allow the Writ Petition.
10. The petitioner has filed an affidavit dated 23.04.2019 undertaking as follows:
"7. The petitioner hereby undertakes to abide by any orders that may be passed by the respondent TNPCB in the event of any of the units that have valid consent become operational once again. The petitioner prays that the respondent Board may be given liberty to consider the situation afresh and pass suitable orders in the event of any of the other units with consent become operational after affording an opportunity to the petitioner as the petitioner has made substantial investment by taking credit facilities from financial institutions."
11. While recording the abovesaid undertaking of the petitioner, the Writ Petition is allowed, quashing the impugned orders and the first and second respondents/TNPCB are directed to consider the application for grant of consent of the petitioner-Unit and pass appropriate orders on merits and in accordance with law, within a period of four weeks from the date of receipt of a copy of this http://www.judis.nic.in 7 order, and after giving an opportunity of hearing to the petitioner-Unit. No Costs. Consequently, W.M.Ps. are closed.
(R.P.S.J) (K.R.J)
24.04.2019
Speaking Order: Yes/no
cs
To
1. The Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board,
Rep. by its Chairman,
No.76, Anna Salai,
Guindy, Chennai-600 032.
2. The District Environmental Engineer,
Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board,
Pudukottai District.
3. The Chairman,
Tamil Nadu Electricity Department,
Vegappatty, Pudukottai District.
http://www.judis.nic.in
8
R.SUBBIAH, J
and
KRISHNAN RAMASAMY, J
cs
W.P.No.6628 of 2019
24.04.2019
http://www.judis.nic.in


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| File | Statements | Branches | Functions | Lines | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| collections.store.js | 96.97% | 64/66 | 78.18% | 43/55 | 100% | 16/16 | 98.31% | 58/59 | |
| feature.store.js | 98% | 49/50 | 68.57% | 24/35 | 100% | 12/12 | 100% | 44/44 | |
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| orders.store.js | 96.97% | 32/33 | 68.57% | 24/35 | 100% | 7/7 | 100% | 28/28 | |
| quotes.store.js | 92.5% | 37/40 | 64.71% | 22/34 | 90% | 9/10 | 94.12% | 32/34 |


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Choosing which scope for you components requires you to understand
understand how scopes work. Consider a contrived stateful web
application that is
all about buying cars. A subset of the functions it must perform are
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The Components we are going to need for this minimalistic web
application are 'ShoppingCart' and 'Store'. The actual functions
above are also going to be transient components 'AddToCart',
'RemoveFromCart' and 'GotoCheckout'.
Assuming a composition script for
these components, the initial state of the stack is one where all the
components are in place, but nothing has been instantiated yet.
The components we've described above are shapes, and the
dependencies describes with arrowed lines. For these diagrams it
does not matter which type of Dependency
Injection is being used.
Next, consider the web container starting up, or where there are no
active sessions:
Colored shapes are instantiated, whereas dotted shapes are not (for that session). Solid arrows are actual injections, whereas dotted arrows are ones that could injections were the corresponding components to be instantiated.
Then after the first web request from a new session, a session
scoped component is instantiated, and an action that will modify it
based on input:
Cart is stateful at the session level, because it contains a list of items to potentially purchase.
Alternatively, a car could be removed from the cart. In this case the AddToCart component that had previously been instantiated, is has already been garbage collected for this session...
Finally, the user could go to the checkout with the contents of the cart ...
Checkout is stateful at the session level because it not only refers
to the contents of a cart, but also contains new details like a payment
mechanism for the pending purchase.


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20 October 2000
Disease Outbreak Reported
The Ugandan Ministry of Health has reported 122 cases and 47 deaths.
As reported to WHO on 16 October 2000 by the WHO Collaborating Centre, the National Institute for Virology (NIV) in South Africa, test results had confirmed that Ebola virus was cause of the disease. NIV has now characterized the virus strain as similar to, but not identical to Ebola-Sudan. Ebola-Sudan was associated with a case-fatality rate of between 50-70% in disease outbreaks in southern Sudan in 1976 and 1979. The strain appears to be somewhat less virulent than the Ebola-Zaire strain, which has caused epidemics in the former Zaire, now Democratic Republic of Congo, and Gabon with a case-fatality rate of between 70-90%. Both Ebola strains and the closely-related Marburg virus are found in the central region of Africa. While this is the first recognized outbreak of Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Uganda, it is possible that the strain from the present outbreak has been in Uganda for some time.
Infection control and case management in Gulu district are continuing. A Community Alert System has been established for actively seeking cases and tracing contacts. Health education messages are also being widely disseminated and public health awareness about EHF has greatly increased in the community. Mobile teams of epidemiologists and trained health care workers are investigating all suspected cases reported to the operations centre in Gulu and are transporting persons who meet the case definition for the disease to one of the two hospital isolation units. These mobile teams are also tracing contacts of cases.
Control efforts are progressing well. At present, the measures taken in the hospital isolation wards make it unlikely that any virus transmission will occur in this setting. Many of the sick persons and their contacts in the community have been identified and are receiving appropriate care. However, new cases are likely to occur in persons who may have been infected but who have not yet become ill, and who have not yet been identified by public health authorities.
Uganda Ebola Appeal
WHO has launched an appeal for US$ 848,000 to support the Government of Uganda in containing and controlling the Ebola Outbreak in Gulu district.


"JASHER "upright. “The Book of Jasher,” rendered in the LXX. “the Book of the Upright One,” by the Vulgate “the Book of Just Ones,” was probably a kind of national sacred song-book, a collection of songs in praise of the heroes of Israel, a “book of golden deeds,” a national anthology. We have only two specimens from the book, (1) the words of Joshua which he spake to the Lord at the crisis of the battle of Beth-horon(Joshua 10:12, 13); and (2) “the Song of the Bow,” that beautiful and touching mournful elegy which David composed on the occasion of the death of Saul and Jonathan (2 Samuel 1:18-27).
"JASHER "upright. “The Book of Jasher,” rendered in the LXX. “the Book of the Upright One,” by the Vulgate “the Book of Just Ones,” was probably a kind of national sacred song-book, a collection of songs in praise of the heroes of Israel, a “book of golden deeds,” a national anthology. We have only two specimens from the book, (1) the words of Joshua which he spake to the Lord at the crisis of the battle of Beth-horon(Joshua 10:12, 13); and (2) “the Song of the Bow,” that beautiful and touching mournful elegy which David composed on the occasion of the death of Saul and Jonathan (2 Samuel 1:18-27).


---- Customer Account activation ---- {{ 'logo.png' | asset_url | img_tag }} {% if customer.name %}
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{{ customer.account_activation_url }}
If the account was created in error, you can visit the link above and select "Decline" to decline this invitation.


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