What's New in Kotlin 1.2
Table of Contents
Multiplatform Projects (experimental)
Multiplatform projects are a new experimental feature in Kotlin 1.2, allowing you to reuse code between target platforms supported by Kotlin – JVM, JavaScript and (in the future) Native. In a multiplatform project, you have three kinds of modules:
- A common module contains code that is not specific to any platform, as well as declarations without implementation of platform-dependent APIs.
- A platform module contains implementations of platform-dependent declarations in the common module for a specific platform, as well as other platform-dependent code.
- A regular module targets a specific platform and can either be a dependency of platform modules or depend on platform modules.
When you compile a multiplatform project for a specific platform, the code for both the common and platform-specific parts is generated.
A key feature of the multiplatform project support is the possibility to express dependencies of common code on platform-specific parts through expected and actual declarations. An expected declaration specifies an API (class, interface, annotation, top-level declaration etc.). An actual declaration is either a platform-dependent implementation of the API or a typealias referring to an existing implementation of the API in an external library. Here's an example:
In common code:
// expected platform-specific API:
expect fun hello(world: String): String
fun greet() {
// usage of the expected API:
val greeting = hello("multi-platform world")
println(greeting)
}
expect class URL(spec: String) {
open fun getHost(): String
open fun getPath(): String
}
In JVM platform code:
actual fun hello(world: String): String =
"Hello, $world, on the JVM platform!"
// using existing platform-specific implementation:
actual typealias URL = java.net.URL
See the documentation for details and steps to build a multiplatform project.
Other Language Features
Array literals in annotations
Starting with Kotlin 1.2, array arguments for annotations can be passed with the new array literal syntax instead
of the arrayOf
function:
@CacheConfig(cacheNames = ["books", "default"])
public class BookRepositoryImpl {
// ...
}
The array literal syntax is constrained to annotation arguments.
Lateinit top-level properties and local variables
The lateinit
modifier can now be used on top-level properties and local variables. The latter can be used,
for example, when a lambda passed as a constructor argument to one object refers to another object
which has to be defined later:
class Node<T>(val value: T, val next: () -> Node<T>)
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
// A cycle of three nodes:
lateinit var third: Node<Int>
val second = Node(2, next = { third })
val first = Node(1, next = { second })
third = Node(3, next = { first })
val nodes = generateSequence(first) { it.next() }
println("Values in the cycle: ${nodes.take(7).joinToString { it.value.toString() }}, ...")
}
Checking whether a lateinit var is initialized
You can now check whether a lateinit var has been initialized using isInitialized
on the property reference:
class Foo {
lateinit var lateinitVar: String
fun initializationLogic() {
//sampleStart
println("isInitialized before assignment: " + this::lateinitVar.isInitialized)
lateinitVar = "value"
println("isInitialized after assignment: " + this::lateinitVar.isInitialized)
//sampleEnd
}
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
Foo().initializationLogic()
}
Inline functions with default functional parameters
Inline functions are now allowed to have default values for their inlined functional parameters:
//sampleStart
inline fun <E> Iterable<E>.strings(transform: (E) -> String = { it.toString() }) =
map { transform(it) }
val defaultStrings = listOf(1, 2, 3).strings()
val customStrings = listOf(1, 2, 3).strings { "($it)" }
//sampleEnd
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
println("defaultStrings = $defaultStrings")
println("customStrings = $customStrings")
}
Information from explicit casts is used for type inference
The Kotlin compiler can now use information from type casts in type inference. If you’re calling a generic method
that returns a type parameter T
and casting the return value to a specific type Foo
, the compiler now understands
that T
for this call needs to be bound to the type Foo
.
This is particularly important for Android developers, since the compiler can now correctly analyze generic
findViewById
calls in Android API level 26:
val button = findViewById(R.id.button) as Button
Smart cast improvements
When a variable is assigned from a safe call expression and checked for null, the smart cast is now applied to the safe call receiver as well:
fun countFirst(s: Any): Int {
//sampleStart
val firstChar = (s as? CharSequence)?.firstOrNull()
if (firstChar != null)
return s.count { it == firstChar } // s: Any is smart cast to CharSequence
val firstItem = (s as? Iterable<*>)?.firstOrNull()
if (firstItem != null)
return s.count { it == firstItem } // s: Any is smart cast to Iterable<*>
//sampleEnd
return -1
}
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val string = "abacaba"
val countInString = countFirst(string)
println("called on \"$string\": $countInString")
val list = listOf(1, 2, 3, 1, 2)
val countInList = countFirst(list)
println("called on $list: $countInList")
}
Also, smart casts in a lambda are now allowed for local variables that are only modified before the lambda:
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
//sampleStart
val flag = args.size == 0
var x: String? = null
if (flag) x = "Yahoo!"
run {
if (x != null) {
println(x.length) // x is smart cast to String
}
}
//sampleEnd
}
Support for ::foo as a shorthand for this::foo
A bound callable reference to a member of this
can now be written without explicit receiver, ::foo
instead
of this::foo
. This also makes callable references more convenient to use in lambdas where you refer to a member
of the outer receiver.
Breaking change: sound smart casts after try blocks
Earlier, Kotlin used assignments made inside a try
block for smart casts after the block, which could break type- and null-safety
and lead to runtime failures. This release fixes this issue, making the smart casts more strict, but breaking some code
that relied on such smart casts.
To switch to the old smart casts behavior, pass the fallback flag -Xlegacy-smart-cast-after-try
as the compiler
argument. It will become deprecated in Kotlin 1.3.
Deprecation: data classes overriding copy
When a data class derived from a type that already had the copy
function with the same signature, the copy
implementation generated for the data class used the defaults from the supertype, leading to counter-intuitive behavior,
or failed at runtime if there were no default parameters in the supertype.
Inheritance that leads to a copy
conflict has become deprecated with a warning in Kotlin 1.2
and will be an error in Kotlin 1.3.
Deprecation: nested types in enum entries
Inside enum entries, defining a nested type that is not an inner class
has been deprecated due to issues in the
initialization logic. This causes a warning in Kotlin 1.2 and will become an error in Kotlin 1.3.
Deprecation: single named argument for vararg
For consistency with array literals in annotations, passing a single item for a vararg parameter in the named
form (foo(items = i)
) has been deprecated. Please use the spread operator with the corresponding
array factory functions:
foo(items = *intArrayOf(1))
There is an optimization that removes redundant arrays creation in such cases, which prevents performance degradation. The single-argument form produces warnings in Kotlin 1.2 and is to be dropped in Kotlin 1.3.
Deprecation: inner classes of generic classes extending Throwable
Inner classes of generic types that inherit from Throwable
could violate type-safety in a throw-catch scenario and
thus have been deprecated, with a warning in Kotlin 1.2 and an error in Kotlin 1.3.
Deprecation: mutating backing field of a read-only property
Mutating the backing field of a read-only property by assigning field = ...
in the custom getter has been
deprecated, with a warning in Kotlin 1.2 and an error in Kotlin 1.3.
Standard Library
Kotlin standard library artifacts and split packages
The Kotlin standard library is now fully compatible with the Java 9 module system, which forbids split packages
(multiple jar files declaring classes in the same package). In order to support that, new artifacts kotlin-stdlib-jdk7
and kotlin-stdlib-jdk8
are introduced, which replace the old kotlin-stdlib-jre7
and kotlin-stdlib-jre8
.
The declarations in the new artifacts are visible under the same package names from the Kotlin point of view, but have different package names for Java. Therefore, switching to the new artifacts will not require any changes to your source code.
Another change made to ensure compatibility with the new module system is removing the deprecated
declarations in the kotlin.reflect
package from the kotlin-reflect
library. If you were using them, you need
to switch to using the declarations in the kotlin.reflect.full
package, which is supported since Kotlin 1.1.
windowed, chunked, zipWithNext
New extensions for Iterable<T>
, Sequence<T>
, and CharSequence
cover such use cases as buffering or
batch processing (chunked
), sliding window and computing sliding average (windowed
) , and processing pairs
of subsequent items (zipWithNext
):
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
//sampleStart
val items = (1..9).map { it * it }
val chunkedIntoLists = items.chunked(4)
val points3d = items.chunked(3) { (x, y, z) -> Triple(x, y, z) }
val windowed = items.windowed(4)
val slidingAverage = items.windowed(4) { it.average() }
val pairwiseDifferences = items.zipWithNext { a, b -> b - a }
//sampleEnd
println("items: $items\n")
println("chunked into lists: $chunkedIntoLists")
println("3D points: $points3d")
println("windowed by 4: $windowed")
println("sliding average by 4: $slidingAverage")
println("pairwise differences: $pairwiseDifferences")
}
fill, replaceAll, shuffle/shuffled
A set of extension functions was added for manipulating lists: fill
, replaceAll
and shuffle
for MutableList
,
and shuffled
for read-only List
:
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
//sampleStart
val items = (1..5).toMutableList()
items.shuffle()
println("Shuffled items: $items")
items.replaceAll { it * 2 }
println("Items doubled: $items")
items.fill(5)
println("Items filled with 5: $items")
//sampleEnd
}
Math operations in kotlin-stdlib
Satisfying the longstanding request, Kotlin 1.2 adds the kotlin.math
API for math operations that is common
for JVM and JS and contains the following:
- Constants:
PI
andE
; - Trigonometric:
cos
,sin
,tan
and inverse of them:acos
,asin
,atan
,atan2
; - Hyperbolic:
cosh
,sinh
,tanh
and their inverse:acosh
,asinh
,atanh
- Exponentation:
pow
(an extension function),sqrt
,hypot
,exp
,expm1
; - Logarithms:
log
,log2
,log10
,ln
,ln1p
; - Rounding:
ceil
,floor
,truncate
,round
(half to even) functions;roundToInt
,roundToLong
(half to integer) extension functions;
- Sign and absolute value:
abs
andsign
functions;absoluteValue
andsign
extension properties;withSign
extension function;
max
andmin
of two values;- Binary representation:
ulp
extension property;nextUp
,nextDown
,nextTowards
extension functions;toBits
,toRawBits
,Double.fromBits
(these are in thekotlin
package).
The same set of functions (but without constants) is also available for Float
arguments.
Operators and conversions for BigInteger and BigDecimal
Kotlin 1.2 introduces a set of functions for operating with BigInteger
and BigDecimal
and creating them
from other numeric types. These are:
toBigInteger
forInt
andLong
;toBigDecimal
forInt
,Long
,Float
,Double
, andBigInteger
;- Arithmetic and bitwise operator functions:
- Binary operators
+
,-
,*
,/
,%
and infix functionsand
,or
,xor
,shl
,shr
; - Unary operators
-
,++
,--
, and a functioninv
.
- Binary operators
Floating point to bits conversions
New functions were added for converting Double
and Float
to and from their bit representations:
toBits
andtoRawBits
returningLong
forDouble
andInt
forFloat
;Double.fromBits
andFloat.fromBits
for creating floating point numbers from the bit representation.
Regex is now serializable
The kotlin.text.Regex
class has become Serializable
and can now be used in serializable hierarchies.
Closeable.use calls Throwable.addSuppressed if available
The Closeable.use
function calls Throwable.addSuppressed
when an exception is thrown during closing the resource
after some other exception.
To enable this behavior you need to have kotlin-stdlib-jdk7
in your dependencies.
JVM Backend
Constructor calls normalization
Ever since version 1.0, Kotlin supported expressions with complex control flow, such as try-catch expressions and inline function calls. Such code is valid according to the Java Virtual Machine specification. Unfortunately, some bytecode processing tools do not handle such code quite well when such expressions are present in the arguments of constructor calls.
To mitigate this problem for the users of such bytecode processing tools, we’ve added a command-line
option (-Xnormalize-constructor-calls=MODE
) that tells the compiler to generate more Java-like bytecode for such
constructs. Here MODE
is one of:
disable
(default) – generate bytecode in the same way as in Kotlin 1.0 and 1.1;enable
– generate Java-like bytecode for constructor calls. This can change the order in which the classes are loaded and initialized;preserve-class-initialization
– generate Java-like bytecode for constructor calls, ensuring that the class initialization order is preserved. This can affect overall performance of your application; use it only if you have some complex state shared between multiple classes and updated on class initialization.
The “manual” workaround is to store the values of sub-expressions with control flow in variables, instead of
evaluating them directly inside the call arguments. It’s similar to -Xnormalize-constructor-calls=enable
.
Java-default method calls
Before Kotlin 1.2, interface members overriding Java-default methods while targeting JVM 1.6 produced a warning on
super calls: Super calls to Java default methods are deprecated in JVM target 1.6. Recompile with '-jvm-target 1.8'
.
In Kotlin 1.2, there's an error instead, thus requiring any such code to be compiled with JVM target 1.8.
Breaking change: consistent behavior of x.equals(null) for platform types
Calling x.equals(null)
on a platform type that is mapped to a Java primitive
(Int!
, Boolean!
, Short
!, Long!
, Float!
, Double!
, Char!
) incorrectly returned true
when x
was null.
Starting with Kotlin 1.2, calling x.equals(...)
on a null value of a platform type throws an NPE
(but x == ...
does not).
To return to the pre-1.2 behavior, pass the flag -Xno-exception-on-explicit-equals-for-boxed-null
to the compiler.
Breaking change: fix for platform null escaping through an inlined extension receiver
Inline extension functions that were called on a null value of a platform type did not check the receiver for null and would thus allow null to escape into the other code. Kotlin 1.2 forces this check at the call sites, throwing an exception if the receiver is null.
To switch to the old behavior, pass the fallback flag -Xno-receiver-assertions
to the compiler.
JavaScript Backend
TypedArrays support enabled by default
The JS typed arrays support that translates Kotlin primitive arrays, such as IntArray
, DoubleArray
,
into JavaScript typed arrays, that was
previously an opt-in feature, has been enabled by default.
Tools
Warnings as errors
The compiler now provides an option to treat all warnings as errors. Use -Werror
on the command line, or the
following Gradle snippet:
compileKotlin {
kotlinOptions.allWarningsAsErrors = true
}


I Am A Strong NDC Supporter And I’m Not The Only Musician Involved In Politics – Rex Omar Discloses(+Video)
by vanessa nordziVeteran musician Rex Omar has disclosed his political affiliation and says he is proud of it.
According to Rex Omar in a recent interview, he is neither the first nor last musician to engage in politics.
“I am not the only Musician involved in politics. Bob Marley was a politician. As long as Ghana is a multiparty Democratic state, I have every right to associate myself to a particular political party. Those who even openly claim to be neutral, secretly belong to a particular political party.” He said.
The president of the Ghana Music Rights Organisation (GHAMRO) added, “ If elected into the Government, I have a lot to offer. I feel that if I’m in the government as the creative arts Minister, I know I can bring a lot of change to the entertainment industry and it doesn’t matter on which political ticket I bring forth these positive Changes. Rex Omar disclosed on Asempa FM.
Rex Omar further stated that the Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture is failing because people with little or no knowledge about the industry have been given the mandate to lead it.
“ if the right people are elected to represent the entertainment industry, a lot of things will change. The challenges the industry is facing will be dealt with.” He bemoaned.
Watch a snippet of his interview below;


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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
⋈ BowTie is loaded with funtionality to help you build less and launch faster. Every component is elegant, responsive, and designed to work with ⋈ BowTie's powerful user management, payments, and policy features. We bake in Bootstrap, Fontawesome, Jekyll, error pages, and more so you can focus on your core application.


Functions to compute state-specific and marginal life expectancies. The computation is based on a fitted continuous-time multi-state model that includes an absorbing death state; see Van den Hout (2017, ISBN:9781466568402). The fitted multi-state model model should be estimated using the 'msm' package using age as the time-scale.
| Version: | 1.1.2 |
| Depends: | msm, nnet |
| Published: | 2018-05-10 |
| Author: | Ardo van den Hout and Mei Sum Chan |
| Maintainer: | Ardo van den Hout <Ardo.vandenHout at ucl.ac.uk> |
| License: | GPL-2 |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Materials: | NEWS |
| CRAN checks: | elect results |
| Reference manual: | elect.pdf |
| Package source: | elect_1.1.2.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: elect_1.1.2.zip, r-release: elect_1.1.2.zip, r-oldrel: elect_1.1.2.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: elect_1.1.2.tgz, r-oldrel: elect_1.1.2.tgz |
| Old sources: | elect archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=elect to link to this page.


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113488-general/topic/A.20technical.20question.html ---
Hey all. A more technical question, I'm working in category theory (very new to this) and I think I want to fork Scott Morrison's mathlib (https://github.com/semorrison/lean-category-theory) as hardly anything is on the regular mathlib yet. I'm using VS code on my own windows laptop but I'm really amateur with pretty much any of the technical aspect (command line and upwards) so I'm not really sure how to even begin on this. I installed Lean (nightly) and mathlib from a tutorial originally. If anyone could even just direct me to what to google/a tutorial, I'd really appreciate it.
You should be able to follow the instructions at https://github.com/kbuzzard/lean-stacks-project/ with obvious adjustments
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


Welcome to the Hotspot API’s documentation!¶
This API is publicly available, it is dependant on the CSD python API - a commercial package. If you are an academic user, it’s likely your institution will have a license. If you are unsure if you have a license or would like to enquire about purchasing one, please contact<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Please note, this is an academic project and we would therefore welcome feedback, contributions and collaborations. If you have any queries regarding this package please contact us (pcurran@ccdc.cam.ac.uk)!
NB: We recommend installing on a Linux machine. If this isn’t possible, be aware that only the LIGSITE method will be available for the buriedness calculation.


Involvement of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases in the signal transduction pathway for interleukin-1.
Abstract
Expression of a highly specific protein inhibitor for cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases in interleukin-1 (IL-1) -responsive cells blocked IL-1-induced gene transcription that was driven by the kappa immunoglobulin enhancer or the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat. This inhibitor did not affect protein kinase C -mediated gene transcription, suggesting that cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases are involved in the signal transduction pathway for IL-1 in a number of responsive cell types.


One of the aims of science is to make science transparent rather than secret, making learning science easy rather than hard. Open-source movements are providing us a free and clean world where we can explore and learn new things and enjoy our learning and working when using computers. Open-source resources equipped with a powerful search engine (e.g. Google) are transforming the way we learn programming. Using free software instead of proprietary one is a trend in computational physics community. By using open-source softwares, we can do whatever we want to do with our computers. It is not only possible but also efficient and fun to use only free softwares in doing research.
I have been a GNU/Linux user since 2007. This page lists the free softwares I use frequently. These softwares are all open source softwares, most of which are very popular in open-source communities. "Free software has become the foundation of a learning society where we share our knowledge in a way that others can build upon and enjoy."
GNU is a Unix-like operating system. For me, GNU/Linux operating system provides a stable, flexible, and highly customizable working platform. The specific GNU/Linux distributions I use are Debian and Ubuntu
After using Gnuplot for many years, I decided to switch gradually to using these Python packages (SciPy, NumPy, and matplotlib) to do visualization because it is fun to use Python.
Before 2017, I used Maxima (a famous computer algebra system in free software communities). I am now using SymPy, which is a computer algebra system written in Python and using python as the interface language. I now prefer Python-based tools because it is straightforward and fun to use Python. There are a huge number of python modules (often with "Py" in their names), which are angels of open-source community. They are demonstrating the strength of the open-source model and how the world is being changed by those who develop and use open-source softwares.
Gnuplot is command-line driven graphing utility. Most of the figures in my publications are created by gnuplot. The gnuplot terminals I frequently use include x11, postscript, epslatex, png, and gif.
Gnuplot can generate animation by using the "gif" terminal. The following are some examples, which describe, respectively, (1) a traveling wave, (2) a standing wave that forms due to two traveling waves with the same frequency and aptitude but opposite directions of propagation, (3) two interacting wave packets, (4)a wave packet with the group velocity larger than phase velocity, and (5) a wave-packet with the group velocity less than the phase velocity
The following is a 2D animation describing m=4 ballooning modes in tokamak (right figure is for a mode with radial phase variation):
The following is an animation of a guiding center orbit in EAST tokamak:
The three-body problem is the simplest system that can not be analytically solved, where numerical simulations are generally required. The following is a simple simulation of 10 positive-charged particles interacting with each other. This is a toy project. I took one hour for me to write the simulation code (in Fortran) and make the animation (using gnuplot). Partilce-based numerical methods are often attractive to us because these methods seem easy to understand, simple to write codes for, and it is fun to animate the results.
I rely heavily on Texmacs to write notes containing mathematical formulas. In recent years, I seldom use paper and pencil for deriving mathematical formulas, all these are done in Texmacs. Texmacs is a free wysiwyw (what you see is what you want) format editor with special features for scientists. If you are still writing obscure TEX codes to prepare papers for publication, and want to know what is the right way to prepare papers without MS word, I recommend you to try Texmacs.
I also use Texmacs as an interface to Maxima (a famous computer algebra system in free software communities). Here is a screen-shot of my using Maxima in Texmacs:
Emacs can be called "the king of text editors". I use it to write various codes, misc notes, and, of course, this web page.
In science, we prefer vector graphics over raster graphics (also called bitmap). The reason is that the former uses paths, points, lines, curves and shapes or polygons (which are all based upon mathematical equations) to represent images, which makes the images generated can be scaled without degrading the clarity of the images (raster graphics represent images as an array of pixlels and thus scale with loss of clarity).
Xfig is a vector graphics editor I have once used. Xfig is easy to use and is enough for drawing simple technical vector graphics. The following is a vector graphic created by Xfig, describing the neutral beam injection geometry on EAST tokamak.
Metapost is a vector graphic programming language that can be used to produce high-quality graphics. I use it to draw sketch map used in my papers and presentation to make things clear. A figure used in my Ph.D. thesis is as follows:
asymptote is a vector graphic language, which is inspired by MetaPost, with a much cleaner programming syntax and IEEE floating-point numerics
Bash is the default command-line interpreter for most Linux distributions. While the most frequent use of bash is to provide a command line to execute commands, the most powerful ability of bash is its use as a script language, which makes most of my routine works in Linux automatic and error-free.
Expect scripting language is able to talk with your interactive programs that require user interaction, eliminating the need of your interactive response. Expect scripting language works by waiting a prompting message output by a program (this message indicates that there is a following user interaction required), if the actual message output by the program match the message defined in the expect command, then the Expect script will send the corresponding response defined in the expect script, which will act as the original user interaction. You can say that this tool is your robot which will automate your scripts by avoiding your interaction (e.g., typing a password).
spawn Starting a script or a program. expect Waiting for program output. send Sending a reply to your program.
The spawn command is used to start a script or a program like the shell, FTP, Telnet, SSH, SCP, and so on. The Expect command defines and waits for a particular message. If the message output by the program match the message defined in the expect command, the send command will send a reply to a script or a program, which acts as a substitute for the user interaction. The following is an expect script, in which I use oathtool to generate the time-based one-time-password and store the result in a variable otp and send this password to scp, so that I can scp a file from my local machine to the nersc supercomputer without manually generating and typing the one-time-password.
#!/usr/bin/expect -f set otp [exec oathtool --totp -b my_secrete_key] set timeout -1 spawn scp a.f90 usrname@cori.nersc.gov:~/ expect "Password + OTP:" send -- "my_passwd${otp}\r" expect eof
I use "GNU make" to control the compiling process of Fortran codes written by me.
I use rsync to synchronize the content of several directories between my laptop, desktop computer, and the cluster.
cron is a system daemon used to execute tasks at designated times. Cron is a time-based job scheduler, which we can use to schedule jobs (commands or shell scripts) to run periodically at fixed times, dates, or intervals. I use cron to schedule jobs such as converting some files on my desktop computer to PDF/html formats and then uploading these files to my website at midnight.
I use latex2html to transform latex files (which themselves are exported from texmacs format) to html format. The html version of my research notes are obtained this way.
Sed is a stream editor, which is usually invoked in shell scripts to transform text files. I often use sed to alter parameters in input namelist files of fortran programs. Doing this way makes the process of parameter scan automatic, thus making the process error-free. Sed was inspired by the popular grep command (I use grep many times daily). AWK language evovled as a successor of sed. Both sed and AWK inspired and influenced the Perl language. Tools for text processing/extraction are important for computer automation and are helpful for managing large program with many source files. Which tools one chooses to use depends on many factors (see this stackoverflow question).
FVWM is a window manager for X window system, which is simple and at the same time highly configurable. I prefer X window system plus FVWM as my desktop environment rather than the heavy desktop environment such as Gnome and KDE, though they are excellent and work well for most people. This is the screen shot of my desktop. My FVWM configure file can be found here.
Evince is a viewer for multiple document formats, including PDF, djvu, and Postscript.
I use gv to view eps figure created by gnuplot.
Mplayer is an excellent video and audio player. Mplayer can play video even when you do not start the X window system. I use the following command to play randomly the music files in my ~/music directory:
cd ~/music/ && mplayer `ls |sort --random-sort`We can also use the -shuffle option along with the find command to play randomly all the mp3 files on the system:
find -iname '*.mp3' >mylist && mplayer -shuffle -playlist mylist
Mozilla Firefox is a free and open source web browser, which is one of the most popular open source softwares
Wikipedia in English is a good and free source of knowledge. It is convenient to edit the content of wikipedia. I have been a contributor of wikipedia since 2007. Although I usually make minor revision to wikipedia, I am happy to know that I contribute to the improvement of the content of wikipedia.
An X11 terminal supporting Chinese.
GNU Wget is a utility for downloading files from the Web. A useful function of Wget is the so-called "recursive downloading", which follows links in webpages, to create local versions of remote web sites, fully mirroring the directory structure of the original site. For example, I use the following command line to download all the lecture notes on Electromagnetism at Prof. Fitzpatrick's website:
wget -r -l 2 -p http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/jk1/Electromagnetism/index.html
a program for logging into and/or executing commands on a remote machine. Openssh encrypts all traffic to effectively eliminate connection hijacking and other attacks. In China, this encrypting feature, along with the port forwarding capability, provides one way to visit some websites outside China.
A simple email client. Though I have used it for several years, I do not like it.
A dictionary software I use. However, I do not think it is an excellent dictionary software.
I switch to using fctix after using the scim input method for 8 years (since 2007).
Gfortran (GNU Fortran compiler) is my primary Fortran compiler.
LAPACK (Linear Algebra Package) is a robust library for numerical linear algebra. All linear algebra related works in numerical codes written by me are done by calling the corresponding Lapack subroutines.
a file manager, seldom used
Gthumb is an image viewer and organizer
The GNU Image Manipulation Program for X Window systems.
ImageMagick provides a suit of command-line utilities, such as convert and import, which can be used to create, edit, compose, or convert bitmap images.
Various command-line utilities that can be used to finish various tasks: grep, diff, sort, wc, paste, ps, jobs, kill, top, du, find, ls, cd, cp, scp, mv, mkdir, cat, rm, tar, chmod, apptitude, sudo, patch, man, pdftk, epsmerge,epstool, lftp, ...
The following one-line awk script
history | awk '{CMD[$2]++;count++;}END { for (a in CMD)print CMD[a] " " CMD[a]/count*100 "% " a;}' | grep -v "./" | column -c3 -s " " -t | sort -nr | nl | head -n10
gives the top 10 commands invoked from my terminal:
1 3244 16.22% ls 2 3222 16.11% cd 3 2357 11.785% gnuplot 4 1982 9.91% make 5 1322 6.61% gv 6 978 4.89% mv 7 786 3.93% cp 8 673 3.365% texmacs 9 630 3.15% evince 10 502 2.51% rm


This library automatically selects all the elements that have the "data-st-container" HTML Attribute inside the Utimate Fancy Forms.
You can easily set an text container to display in a fancy way, with all characters randomly, the "data-st-item" HTML Attribute inside the Utimate Fancy Forms.
You can add multiple effects by separating them with a comma, for example data-st-item="fadeInLeft,fadeInRight"
Each element can have it's own effect
Param : "data-st-item" or "data-st-container"
Click any of them for a preview.


What s flex box
one
two
three
four
five
six
1
2
3
4
This is one of the best cars in the country
The cost is quite enomous


Players
Blue
Green
Red
Purple
Black
Yellow
Commands
Start
Undo
Icons made by
Dave Gandy
from
www.flaticon.com
is licensed by
CC 3.0 BY


1.13 CommandAPI JavaDocs
3.0
An API for the command UI introduced in Minecraft 1.13
OverrideableSuggestions.java
1
package
dev.jorel.commandapi.arguments;
2
3
import
java.util.function.Function;
4
5
import
org.bukkit.command.CommandSender;
6
7
public
interface
OverrideableSuggestions
<T
extends
Argument
> {
8
16
T
overrideSuggestions
(String... suggestions);
17
25
T
overrideSuggestions
(Function<CommandSender, String[]> suggestions);
26
35
Function<CommandSender, String[]>
getOverriddenSuggestions
();
36
}
dev.jorel.commandapi.arguments.Argument
Definition:
Argument.java:11
dev.jorel.commandapi.arguments.OverrideableSuggestions.overrideSuggestions
T overrideSuggestions(Function< CommandSender, String[]> suggestions)
Override the suggestions of this argument with a function that maps the command sender to a String ar...
dev.jorel.commandapi.arguments.OverrideableSuggestions.getOverriddenSuggestions
Function< CommandSender, String[]> getOverriddenSuggestions()
Returns a function that maps the command sender to a String array of suggestions for the current comm...
dev.jorel.commandapi.arguments.OverrideableSuggestions
Definition:
OverrideableSuggestions.java:7
dev.jorel.commandapi.arguments.OverrideableSuggestions.overrideSuggestions
T overrideSuggestions(String... suggestions)
Override the suggestions of this argument with a String array.
1.13CommandAPI
commandapi-core
src
main
java
dev
jorel
commandapi
arguments
OverrideableSuggestions.java
Generated on Wed Jun 17 2020 00:26:27 for 1.13 CommandAPI JavaDocs by
1.8.18


Satoshi Tajiri
Japanese game designer, creator of the series of games, manga and the series "Pokemon". He entered the list of one hundred of the best game designers according to IGN.


My favorite part of teaching (aside from talking books with my 7th graders, which I still miss) was imagining new ways to present my curriculum. Who knew Google Docs could be the tech equivalent of a gateway drug?
Moving my students to on-line writing let me monitor and comment on their work across the writing process. Customized Google forms quickly became my standard practice and assessment tools, and my class Google site brought together vocabulary, grammar, literature, and writing. At that point it just made sense to start taping videos and try flipping my classroom altogether.
I left the classroom to train as a developer when I realized that designing and creating Google-based tech tools had taken over the bulk of my prep time (and become the most fascinating aspect of my job).
While I miss the excitement of my middle school students, I'm completely in love with the challenges of full-stack coding.
Designing and creating technology tools had taken over the bulk of my prep time (and become the most fascinating aspect of my job), but I wasn't brave enough to leave the classroom, yet.
Nashville CLICK, an event that paired teachers with working developers for a day of coding, gave me the confidence I needed to take the next step. I was finally ready to create teaching and learning tools beyond the limits of Google Apps for Education.
Two months later I quit my job at University School of Nashville and decided to apply to NSS.


Getting Started
Annotation
Annotations returned by the API either by themselves or embedded in a parent object, should be in the following format.
The annotation server tries to keep output format close to the format of Mirador-created annotations. In the examples below, the “Canonical” tab shows the format from the current version of Mirador. The “old” format is still supported as of Mirador v2.6.
The main difference is the “on” field. In the new format, “on” is an array, and the selector is of type “oa:Choice” and contains both rectagular boundary and the SVG shape. The old format has “on” as a single object and selector doesn’t contain the rectangular boundary.
{
"@id": "http://annotations.ten-thousand-rooms.yale.edu/annotations/e8a459bb-119c-4f46-87a3-93edc2cd22c1",
"@type": "oa:Annotation",
"@context": "http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json",
"resource": [
{
"@type": "dctypes:Text",
"format": "text/html",
"chars": "
Test #1
"
},
{
"@type": "oa:Tag",
"chars": "mytag"
}
],
"within": [
"http://annotations.ten-thousand-rooms.yale.edu/lists/http://manifest.tenthousandrooms.yale.edu/layers/16_http://manifest.tenthousandrooms.yale.edu/node/311/canvas/14116"
],
"motivation": [
"oa:commenting"
],
"on": [
{
"@type": "oa:SpecificResource",
"full": "http://manifest.tenthousandrooms.yale.edu/node/311/canvas/14116",
"selector": {
"@type": "oa:Choice",
"default": {
"@type": "oa:FragmentSelector",
"value": "xywh=54,248,179,219"
},
"item": {
"@type": "oa:SvgSelector",
"value": "<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'><path xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" d=\"M53.93942,248.15395h89.65346v0h89.65346v109.58331v109.58331h-89.65346h-89.65346v-109.58331z\" data-paper-data=\"{"strokeWidth":1,"rotation":0,"deleteIcon":null,"rotationIcon":null,"group":null,"editable":true,"annotation":null}\" id=\"rectangle_f95e7e02-7a2b-495e-8dc4-d47f1c0fba9d\" fill-opacity=\"0\" fill=\"#00bfff\" fill-rule=\"nonzero\" stroke=\"#00bfff\" stroke-width=\"1\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\" stroke-linejoin=\"miter\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" stroke-dasharray=\"\" stroke-dashoffset=\"0\" font-family=\"none\" font-weight=\"none\" font-size=\"none\" text-anchor=\"none\" style=\"mix-blend-mode: normal\"/></svg>"
}
},
"within": {
"@id": "http://manifest.tenthousandrooms.yale.edu/node/311/manifest",
"@type": "sc:Manifest"
}
}
],
"layerId": "http://manifest.tenthousandrooms.yale.edu/layers/16"
}
{
"@id": "http://annotations.ten-thousand-rooms.yale.edu/annotations/215bc9b4-ca41-4467-a823-4440c420eb8e",
"@type": "oa:annotation",
"@context": "http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json",
"resource": [
{
"@type": "dctypes:Text",
"format": "text/html",
"chars": "
《孔子集語》
"
}
],
"within": [
"http://annotations.ten-thousand-rooms.yale.edu/lists/http://manifest.tenthousandrooms.yale.edu/layers/16_http://manifest.tenthousandrooms.yale.edu/node/311/canvas/14116",
"http://annotations.tenkr.yale.edu/annotations/lists/http://ten-thousand-rooms.herokuapp.com/layers/5557c1c3-53d5-4af5-bfc8-990008826fcc_http://manifest.tenthousandrooms.yale.edu/node/311/canvas/14116"
],
"motivation": [
"oa:commenting"
],
"on": {
"@type": "oa:SpecificResource",
"full": "http://manifest.tenthousandrooms.yale.edu/node/311/canvas/14116",
"selector": {
"@type": "oa:SvgSelector",
"value": "<svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'><path xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" d=\"M292.21935,122.21566l109.99409,0l109.99409,0l0,476.64106l0,476.64106l-109.99409,0l-109.99409,0l0,-476.64106z\" data-paper-data=\"{"rotation":0,"annotation":null}\" id=\"rectangle_647a69af-6014-412d-8c28-6e561ec82dde\" fill-opacity=\"0\" fill=\"#00bfff\" stroke=\"#00bfff\" stroke-width=\"1.74594\" stroke-linecap=\"butt\" stroke-linejoin=\"miter\" stroke-miterlimit=\"10\" stroke-dasharray=\"\" stroke-dashoffset=\"0\" font-family=\"sans-serif\" font-weight=\"normal\" font-size=\"12\" text-anchor=\"start\" mix-blend-mode=\"normal\"/></svg>"
}
},
"layerId": "http://manifest.tenthousandrooms.yale.edu/layers/16"
}
Authentication
payload
/getAnnotationsViaList
Get annotations on the canvas
Parameters
- canvas_id
- ID of canvas
e.g.http://example.org/iiif/canvas/1
(required)
Returns all annotations (along with the IDs of the layers to which they belong) that are associated with the canvas transitively, i.e., recursively including annotations that target those annotations, thus indirectly targeting the canvas.
[
{
"layer_id" : "<Layer ID>",
"annotation": "<See Documentation/Annotation section>"
},
...
]
jQuery.ajax({
url: "https://mirador-annotations-lotb-stg.herokuapp.com/getAnnotationsViaList?canvas_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmanifests.ydc2.yale.edu%2FLOTB%2Fcanvas%2Fpanel_01",
type: 'GET',
dataType: 'json',
contentType: 'application/json; charset=utf-8',
success: (data, textStatus, jqXHR) => {
console.log('Success', data);
},
error: (jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown) => {
console.log('Error', jqXHR);
}
});
/annotations
Create an annotation
Payload:
{
"layer_id": "<Layer ID>",
"annotation": "<See Documentation/Annotation section>"
}
annotation["@id"]
is not required because it will be created by the server and included in response.
/annotations
Update annotation
Payload:
{
"layer_id": [ "<Layer ID>" ],
"annotation": "<See Documentation/Annotation section>"
}
/annotations
Delete annotation
The whole URL of the request is identical to the IIIF style annotation ID, e.g.,
http://annotations.ten-thousand-rooms.yale.edu/annotations/76d24e36-e255-41db-883f-64606c4ff08e
/layers
Get annotation layers
Parameters
- group_id
- Group ID of current user.
When specified, returns list of layers that are defined for the group (or project).
(optional - currently used for Ten Thousand Rooms only.)
[
{
"@context": "http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json",
"@id": "http://manifest.tenthousandrooms.yale.edu/layers/16",
"@type": "sc:Layer",
"label": "Transcription"
},
...
]
/resequenceList
Re-order annotations in a list
Payload:
{
"canvas_id": "<Canvas ID>",
"layer_id": "<Layer ID>",
"annotation_ids": [ "<AnnotationID>", ... ]
}


Dat Protocol
Dat is a new p2p hypermedia protocol. It provides public-key-addressed file archives which can be synced securely and browsed on-demand.
| Fast | Archives sync from multiple sources at once. |
|---|---|
| Secure | All updates are signed and integrity-checked. |
| Resilient | Archives can change hosts without changing their URLs. |
| Versioned | Changes are written to an append-only version log. |
| Decentralized | Any device can host any archive. |
Dat is sponsored by Code for Science & Society, a 501(c)(3). Learn more at the Dat Project.
» Join us in #dat on freenode. » File issues for this website here.
User Documentation
Documentation for end-user tools and developer libraries.
DEPs
Specifications for the Dat protocol.


Timers are used to handle background tasks, for example to check for expired subscriptions that are to be deleted. Each timer has a time interval specifying when it is executed periodically. The values are indicated in milliseconds.
Time intervals are defined and can be changed in the platform's configuration settings.
The initial expiration time of a timer for which a time interval is defined is calculated based on January 1st, 00:00:00.000, of the current year. For example, if you specify an interval of one week for a timer on January 5th, 14:30:00, the timer will expire for the first time on January 8th at 00:00:00.000, next on the 15th, the 22nd, etc. Or, if you specify an interval of one month for a timer on August 4th, 17:00:00, the timer will expire for the first time on September 1st at 00:00:00.000, next on October 1st, November 1st, etc. To avoid the expiration of several timers at the same time, which would result in heavy load on the system, there is an additional setting: An offset for each timer. The offset is added to the expiration time.
For a detailed description of the available timers, refer to the Operator's Guide.
On the Manage timers page, you can check when the currently registered timers expire. When you define a new timer or update the settings for a timer, you need to re-intialize the timers in order to start them.
On the Update configuration settings page you can view the current settings for the available timers. To persistently update the setting of a timer, proceed as described in Updating configuration settings.


Todd goes back-to-back with Mayakoba Classic win
Mexico City - Brendon Todd sealed back-to-back PGA Tour wins on Monday after holding his nerve to clinch a one-shot victory in the weather-interrupted Mayakoba Golf Classic in Mexico.
Todd, winner of the Bermuda Championship a fortnight ago, had shared the lead with American Vaughn Taylor on 20 under with four holes to play when darkness interrupted the final round on Sunday.
The leaders returned to El Camaleon Golf Club in Playa del Carmen early Monday to complete a tournament which had been disrupted by the loss of the entire first day on Thursday due to heavy rain.
"It's incredible. I'm overcome with emotion right now," Todd, 34, said shortly after clinching only the third PGA Tour win of his career.
"The whole final round was much more nerve-racking for me than Bermuda."
Todd had resumed on the par-three 15th hole and grabbed the outright lead after sinking a 20-foot putt for birdie.
Although he followed that with a bogey on 16, Taylor also bogeyed the same hole to leave Todd one shot clear.
Todd eventually carded a closing three-under-par 68 to finish on 20 under, one clear of Mexico's Carlos Ortiz, Adam Long and Taylor.
Harris England finished alone in fifth spot on 17 under after a closing 70.
Todd pocketed $1.3 million for the win, after claiming a $540 000 winner's cheque at Bermuda earlier this month.
The back-to-back titles were Todd's first since his only other win on the PGA Tour at the 2014 Byron Nelson Championship.
Leading scores after Monday's completion of the final round of the rain-hit PGA Mayakoba Classic from Playa del Carmen, Mexico (par 71, USA unless noted):
264 - Brendon Todd 63-68-65-68
265 - Adam Long 63-69-67-66, Carlos Ortiz (MEX) 69-65-65-66, Vaughn Taylor 64-66-67-68
267 - Harris English 65-64-68-70
269 - Joel Dahmen 69-69-66-65, Robby Shelton 66-66-72-65
270 - Abraham Ancer (MEX) 66-72-65-67, Billy Horschel 65-71-66-68, Pat Perez 68-65-68-69


|
CocosDenshion Mac OS X
2.0
CocosDenshion API Reference (Mac OS X version) for www.kobold2d.com developers
|
#import <SimpleAudioEngine.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| (void) | - preloadBackgroundMusic: |
| (void) | - playBackgroundMusic: |
| (void) | - playBackgroundMusic:loop: |
| (void) | - stopBackgroundMusic |
| (void) | - pauseBackgroundMusic |
| (void) | - resumeBackgroundMusic |
| (void) | - rewindBackgroundMusic |
| (BOOL) | - isBackgroundMusicPlaying |
| (ALuint) | - playEffect: |
| (void) | - stopEffect: |
| (ALuint) | - playEffect:pitch:pan:gain: |
| (void) | - preloadEffect: |
| (void) | - unloadEffect: |
| (CDSoundSource *) | - soundSourceForFile: |
Static Public Member Functions | |
| (SimpleAudioEngine *) | + sharedEngine |
| (void) | + end |
Protected Attributes | |
| BOOL | mute_ |
| BOOL | enabled_ |
Properties | |
| float | backgroundMusicVolume |
| float | effectsVolume |
| BOOL | willPlayBackgroundMusic |
A wrapper to the CDAudioManager object. This is recommended for basic audio requirements. If you just want to play some sound fx and some background music and have no interest in learning the lower level workings then this is the interface to use.
Requirements:
| + (void) end |
Shuts down the shared audio engine instance so that it can be reinitialised
| - (BOOL) isBackgroundMusicPlaying |
returns whether or not the background music is playing
| - (void) pauseBackgroundMusic |
pauses the background music
| - (void) playBackgroundMusic: | (NSString *) | filePath |
plays background music in a loop
| - (void) playBackgroundMusic: | (NSString *) | filePath | |
| loop: | (BOOL) | loop | |
plays background music, if loop is true the music will repeat otherwise it will be played once
| - (ALuint) playEffect: | (NSString *) | filePath |
plays an audio effect with a file path
| - (ALuint) playEffect: | (NSString *) | filePath | |
| pitch: | (Float32) | pitch | |
| pan: | (Float32) | pan | |
| gain: | (Float32) | gain | |
plays an audio effect with a file path, pitch, pan and gain
| - (void) preloadBackgroundMusic: | (NSString *) | filePath |
Preloads a music file so it will be ready to play as background music
| - (void) preloadEffect: | (NSString *) | filePath |
preloads an audio effect
| - (void) resumeBackgroundMusic |
resume background music that has been paused
| - (void) rewindBackgroundMusic |
rewind the background music
returns the shared instance of the SimpleAudioEngine object
| - (CDSoundSource *) soundSourceForFile: | (NSString *) | filePath |
Gets a CDSoundSource object set up to play the specified file.
| - (void) stopBackgroundMusic |
stops playing background music
| - (void) stopEffect: | (ALuint) | soundId |
stop a sound that is playing, note you must pass in the soundId that is returned when you started playing the sound with playEffect
| - (void) unloadEffect: | (NSString *) | filePath |
unloads an audio effect from memory
- (float) backgroundMusicVolume [read, write, assign] |
Background music volume. Range is 0.0f to 1.0f. This will only have an effect if willPlayBackgroundMusic returns YES
- (float) effectsVolume [read, write, assign] |
Effects volume. Range is 0.0f to 1.0f
- (BOOL) willPlayBackgroundMusic [read, assign] |
If NO it indicates background music will not be played either because no background music is loaded or the audio session does not permit it.


Hi, welcome to Z-CARE blog! This blog is all about helping you conquer common and daily hair care & skin care problems and woes. The concept of Z-CARE is hinged on bridging you to the right products and techniques to achieve the best hair & skin possible.


Emergency
Quest
Use this system to improve your life.
Map
Settings
History
14
Calendar
8
About us
Logout
Settings
MAP RADIUS
LIGHTS COLOUR
3
2
1
TYPE OF MUSIC
3
2
1
MESSAGE
DOCTOR'S EMAIL
AUTOMATIC CLEANING
No
Yes
Thank you! Your submission has been received!
Oops! Something went wrong while submitting the form


Welcome to our first exercise
Fix these bugs:
- The form at the bottom can't be submitted with just your keyboard.
- There is no "skip link" for getting right to the main content.
HTMLElement.focus can be used to set focus on an element.
Remember tabindex:
There is a list of all focusable selectors on my focusable repo. They are:
a[href],
area[href],
input:not([disabled]),
select:not([disabled]),
textarea:not([disabled]),
button:not([disabled]),
iframe,
object,
embed,
[tabindex="0"],
[contenteditable]
Learn more about Skip Links here.
Skip to main content


Android flaw could let hackers do some clandestine photography
Camera cracking cyber creeps
by Roland Moore-ColyerYOUR ANDROID CAMERA APP could be snooping on you thanks to a vulnerability that allows it to snap pics and record video without permission.
The flaw (CVE-2019-2234), which was found by researchers from Checkmarx, affects the Google camera and Samsung camera apps that haven't been updated since July this year.
In normal practice, third-party apps need to be given explicit permissions to access the camera, record audio, and access location data. These are referred to as intents.
But the researchers found that by giving app storage permission to a device's SD card, it could then allow the app to gain those camera app intents, but without being granted permission to do so.
With this in mind, the researchers said hackers could create a malicious app that gets storage access, and from there gain access to the camera apps' intents without permission from the user.
"A malicious app running on an Android smartphone that can read the SD card, not only has access to past photos and videos, but with this new attack methodology, can be directed to initiate (take) new photos and videos at will," the researchers said.
"And it doesn't stop there. Since GPS metadata is usually embedded into the photos, the attacker can take advantage of this fact to also locate the user by taking a photo or video and parsing the proper EXIF data."
Checkmarx's clever folks noted that access to storage is one of the most common permissions requested by Android apps, so the potential reach of such a vulnerability could be significant.
Before you hoof your Galaxy S10+ or Pixel 3a out of the window, Google said the vulnerability in both the Google and Samsung camera apps has been fixed.
But users will need to make sure they're running not only the latest version of Android but have the latest version of the camera app for their Android devices; we suspect auto-update processes may have taken care of that for a good few of you, but those who like to do things manually - stop laughing at the back - then best get updating. µ
Further reading
Microsoft is killing off Cortana on Android and iOS from January
- 19 Nov 2019
Preinstalled Android apps could contain a selection of 146 vulnerabilities
- 15 Nov 2019
Security researchers uncover a possible Android Beam malware loophole
- 04 Nov 2019
Xhelper trojan infects 45,000 Android devices and can't be purged
- 30 Oct 2019


Giclée — Samples
Sample One
— A basic
Viewer
Sample Two
— A
Viewer
and an associated
Overview
navigation window.


You may select one or more of the following:
You may select one of the following:
You may select up to &mvte:global:Upsell_Options:prod_sell; of the following:


Parameters that are used in the Browser.LoadURL(LoadURLParams) method.
More...
Parameters that are used in the Browser.LoadURL(LoadURLParams) method.
| DotNetBrowser.LoadURLParams.LoadURLParams |
( |
string |
url, |
|
|
string |
postData |
|
) |
| |
Constructs a new LoadURLParams instance.
- Parameters
-
| url | represents URL of the resource that will be loaded. Cannot be null. |
| postData | a string that represents POST data in the key=value&key=value... format. The supported content type of the POST data is application/x-www-form-urlencoded. |
- Exceptions
-
| ArgumentException | when when url is null or empty. |
| DotNetBrowser.LoadURLParams.LoadURLParams |
( |
string |
url, |
|
|
string |
postData, |
|
|
string |
extraHeaders |
|
) |
| |
Constructs a new LoadURLParams instance with specific url, postData and extraHeaders.
- Parameters
-
| url | represents URL of a resource that will be loaded. Cannot be null. |
| postData | a string that represents POST data. When Content-Type in extra headers is set to "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", the POST data must be in the key=value format. When Content-Type is set to "text/plain", the POST data string can be in any plain format. Cannot be null. |
| extraHeaders | a string that contains "\n"-separated extra headers. It must contain Content-Type header if you send POST data. For example, "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\n" or "Content-Type: text/plain\n". Cannot be null. |
- Exceptions
-
| ArgumentException | when when url or extraHeaders is null or empty. |
| string DotNetBrowser.LoadURLParams.ExtraHeaders |
|
get |
Returns a string that represents extra headers separated by "\n".
a string that represents extra headers separated by "\n".
| string DotNetBrowser.LoadURLParams.PostData |
|
get |
| string DotNetBrowser.LoadURLParams.Url |
|
get |
Gets a string that represents URL of the resource that will be loaded.
a string that represents URL of the resource that will be loaded.


Instagram appears to be down for many users around the world. The issue appears to be unevenly distributed, with it working for some users,... Read More
Among Us, the popular multiplayer game that rose to popularity this year, will be available on Xbox consoles in 2021. The announcement came soon after the game joined Xbox Game Pass for PC. Among Us will be available on Xbox One, Xbox Series X, and Xbox Series S in 2021, although the launch date has not been revealed yet. Read More
Some text about me in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim..
Some text..
Microsoft Edge browser with native support is now available for Apple Silicon, the Edge developers team has announced via Twitter...Read More


--- title: Introducing asynchronous JavaScript slug: Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Introducing tags: - Beginner - CodingScripting - Guide - Introducing - JavaScript - Learn - Promises - async - asynchronous - await - callbacks ---
In this article we briefly recap the problems associated with synchronous JavaScript, and take a first look at some of the different asynchronous techniques you'll encounter, showing how they can help us solve such problems.
| Prerequisites: | Basic computer literacy, a reasonable understanding of JavaScript fundamentals. |
|---|---|
| Objective: | To gain familiarity with what asynchronous JavaScript is, how it differs from synchronous JavaScript, and what use cases it has. |
To allow us to understand what {{Glossary("asynchronous")}} JavaScript is, we ought to start off by making sure we understand what {{Glossary("synchronous")}} JavaScript is. This section recaps some of the information we saw in the previous article.
A lot of the functionality we have looked at in previous learning area modules is synchronous — you run some code, and the result is returned as soon as the browser can do so. Let's look at a simple example (see it live here, and see the source):
pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="js" class="language-javascript" class="brush: js notranslate">const btn = document.querySelector('button'); btn.addEventListener('click', () => { alert('You clicked me!'); let pElem = document.createElement('p'); pElem.textContent = 'This is a newly-added paragraph.'; document.body.appendChild(pElem); });In this block, the lines are executed one after the other:
click
event listener to it
so that when the button is clicked:
alert()
message appears.While each operation is being processed, nothing else can happen — rendering is paused. This is because as we said in the previous article, JavaScript is single threaded. Only one thing can happen at a time, on a single main thread, and everything else is blocked until an operation completes.
So in the example above, after you've clicked the button the paragraph won't appear until after the OK button is pressed in the alert box. You can try it for yourself:
{{EmbedLiveSample('Synchronous_JavaScript', '100%', '70px')}}
Note: It is important to remember that
alert()
, while being very useful for
demonstrating a synchronous blocking operation, is terrible for use in real world applications.
For reasons illustrated earlier (e.g. related to blocking), many Web API features now use asynchronous code to run, especially those that access or fetch some kind of resource from an external device, such as fetching a file from the network, accessing a database and returning data from it, accessing a video stream from a web cam, or broadcasting the display to a VR headset.
Why is this difficult to get to work using synchronous code? Let's look at a quick example. When you fetch an image from a server, you can't return the result immediately. That means that the following (pseudocode) wouldn't work:
pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="js" class="language-javascript" class="brush: js notranslate">let response = fetch('myImage.png'); // fetch is asynchronous let blob = response.blob(); // display your image blob in the UI somehowThat's because you don't know how long the image will take to download, so when you come to run the second line it will throw an error (possibly intermittently, possibly every time) because the response
is not yet available. Instead, you need your code to wait until the response
is returned before it tries to do anything else to it.
There are two main types of asynchronous code style you'll come across in JavaScript code, old-style callbacks and newer promise-style code. In the below sections we'll review each of these in turn.
Async callbacks are functions that are specified as arguments when calling a function which will start executing code in the background. When the background code finishes running, it calls the callback function to let you know the work is done, or to let you know that something of interest has happened. Using callbacks is slightly old-fashioned now, but you'll still see them in use in a number of older-but-still-commonly-used APIs.
An example of an async callback is the second parameter of the {{domxref("EventTarget.addEventListener", "addEventListener()")}} method (as we saw in action above):
pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="js" class="language-javascript" class="brush: js notranslate">btn.addEventListener('click', () => { alert('You clicked me!'); let pElem = document.createElement('p'); pElem.textContent = 'This is a newly-added paragraph.'; document.body.appendChild(pElem); });The first parameter is the type of event to be listened for, and the second parameter is a callback function that is invoked when the event is fired.
When we pass a callback function as an argument to another function, we are only passing the function's reference as an argument, i.e, the callback function is not executed immediately. It is "called back" (hence the name) asynchronously somewhere inside the containing function's body. The containing function is responsible for executing the callback function when the time comes.
You can write your own function containing a callback easily enough. Let's look at another example that loads a
resource via the XMLHttpRequest
API (run it
live, and see
the source):
Here we create a displayImage()
function that represents a blob passed to it as an object URL, then
creates an image to display the URL in, appending it to the document's <body>
. However, we then
create a loadAsset()
function that takes a callback as a parameter, along with a URL to fetch and a
content type. It uses XMLHttpRequest
(often abbreviated to "XHR") to fetch the resource at the given URL,
then pass the response to the callback to do something with. In this case the callback is waiting on the XHR call to
finish downloading the resource (using the
onload
event handler)
before it passes it to the callback.
Callbacks are versatile — not only do they allow you to control the order in which functions are run and what data is passed between them, they also allow you to pass data to different functions depending on circumstance. So you could have different actions to run on the response downloaded, such as processJSON()
, displayText()
, etc.
Note that not all callbacks are async — some run synchronously. An example is when we use {{jsxref("Array.prototype.forEach()")}} to loop through the items in an array (see it live, and the source):
pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="js" class="language-javascript" class="brush: js notranslate">const gods = ['Apollo', 'Artemis', 'Ares', 'Zeus']; gods.forEach(function (eachName, index){ console.log(index + '. ' + eachName); });In this example we loop through an array of Greek gods and print the index numbers and values to the console. The expected parameter of forEach()
is a callback function, which itself takes two parameters, a reference to the array name and index values. However, it doesn't wait for anything — it runs immediately.
Promises are the new style of async code that you'll see used in modern Web APIs. A good example is the
fetch()
API, which is
basically like a modern, more efficient version of {{domxref("XMLHttpRequest")}}. Let's look at a quick example, from
our Fetching data from the
server article:
Note: You can find the finished version on GitHub (see the source here, and also see it running live).
Here we see fetch
()
taking a single parameter — the URL of a resource you want to fetch
from the network — and returning a promise. The promise is an object
representing the completion or failure of the async operation. It represents an intermediate state, as it were. In
essence, it's the browser's way of saying "I promise to get back to you with the answer as soon as I can," hence the
name "promise."
This concept can take practice to get used to; it feels a little like {{interwiki("wikipedia", "Schrödinger's cat")}} in action. Neither of the possible outcomes have happened yet, so the fetch operation is currently waiting on the result of the browser trying to complete the operation at some point in the future. We've then got three further code blocks chained onto the end of the fetch()
:
then()
blocks. Both contain a callback function that will run if the previous operation is successful, and each callback
receives as input the result of the previous successful operation, so you can go forward and do something else to it.
Each .then()
block returns another promise, meaning that you can chain multiple .then()
blocks onto each other, so multiple asynchronous operations can be made to run in order, one after another.catch()
block at the end runs if any of the .then()
blocks fail — in a similar way to synchronous
try...catch
blocks,
an error object is made available inside the catch()
, which can be used to report the kind of error that
has occurred. Note however that synchronous try...catch
won't work with promises, although it will work
with async/await, as you'll learn
later on.
Note: You'll learn a lot more about promises later on in the module, so don't worry if you don't understand them fully yet.
Async operations like promises are put into an event queue, which runs after the main thread has finished processing so that they do not block subsequent JavaScript code from running. The queued operations will complete as soon as possible then return their results to the JavaScript environment.
Promises have some similarities to old-style callbacks. They are essentially a returned object to which you attach callback functions, rather than having to pass callbacks into a function.
However, promises are specifically made for handling async operations, and have many advantages over old-style callbacks:
.then()
operations, passing the result
of one into the next one as an input. This is much harder to do with callbacks, which often ends up with a messy
"pyramid of doom" (also known as callback hell)..catch()
block at the end of the block, rather than being individually handled in each level of the "pyramid".Let's explore an example that further illustrates the nature of async code, showing what can happen when we are not fully aware of code execution order and the problems of trying to treat asynchronous code like synchronous code. The following example is fairly similar to what we've seen before (see it live, and the source). One difference is that we've included a number of {{domxref("console.log()")}} statements to illustrate an order that you might think the code would execute in.
pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="js" class="language-javascript" class="brush: js notranslate">console.log ('Starting'); let image; fetch('coffee.jpg').then((response) => { console.log('It worked :)') return response.blob(); }).then((myBlob) => { let objectURL = URL.createObjectURL(myBlob); image = document.createElement('img'); image.src = objectURL; document.body.appendChild(image); }).catch((error) => { console.log('There has been a problem with your fetch operation: ' + error.message); }); console.log ('All done!');The browser will begin executing the code, see the first console.log()
statement (Starting
) and execute it, and then create the image
variable.
It will then move to the next line and begin executing the fetch()
block but, because fetch()
executes asynchronously without blocking, code execution continues after the promise-related code, thereby reaching the final console.log()
statement (All done!
) and outputting it to the console.
Only once the fetch()
block has completely finished running and delivering its result through the .then()
blocks will we finally see the second console.log()
message (It worked :)
) appear. So the messages have appeared in a different order to what you might expect:
If this confuses you, then consider the following smaller example:
pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="js" class="language-javascript" class="brush: js notranslate">console.log("registering click handler"); button.addEventListener('click', () => { console.log("get click"); }); console.log("all done");This is very similar in behavior — the first and third console.log()
messages will be shown immediately, but the second one is blocked from running until someone clicks the mouse button. The previous example works in the same way, except that in that case the second message is blocked on the promise chain fetching a resource then displaying it on screen, rather than a click.
In a less trivial code example, this kind of setup could cause a problem — you can't include an async code block that returns a result, which you then rely on later in a sync code block. You just can't guarantee that the async function will return before the browser has processed the sync block.
To see this in action, try taking a local copy of our
example, and changing the fourth console.log()
call to the following:
You should now get an error in your console instead of the third message:
pre data-role="codeBlock" data-info="js" class="language-javascript" class="notranslate">This is because at the time the browser tries to run the third console.log()
statement, the fetch()
block has not finished running so the image
variable has not been given a value.
Note: For security reasons, you can't fetch()
files from your local filesystem (or run
other such operations locally); to run the above example locally you'll have to run the example through a local webserver.
To fix the problematic fetch()
example and make the three console.log()
statements appear in the desired order, you could make the third console.log()
statement run async as well. This can be done by moving it inside another .then()
block chained onto the end of the second one, or by moving it inside the second then()
block. Try fixing this now.
Note: If you get stuck, you can find an answer here (see it running live also). You can also find a lot more information on promises in our Graceful asynchronous programming with Promises guide, later on in the module.
In its most basic form, JavaScript is a synchronous, blocking, single-threaded language, in which only one operation can be in progress at a time. But web browsers define functions and APIs that allow us to register functions that should not be executed synchronously, and should instead be invoked asynchronously when some kind of event occurs (the passage of time, the user's interaction with the mouse, or the arrival of data over the network, for example). This means that you can let your code do several things at the same time without stopping or blocking your main thread.
Whether we want to run code synchronously or asynchronously will depend on what we're trying to do.
There are times when we want things to load and happen right away. For example when applying some user-defined styles to a webpage you'll want the styles to be applied as soon as possible.
If we're running an operation that takes time however, like querying a database and using the results to populate templates, it is better to push this off the main thread and complete the task asynchronously. Over time, you'll learn when it makes more sense to choose an asynchronous technique over a synchronous one.
{{PreviousMenuNext("Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Concepts", "Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous/Timeouts_and_intervals", "Learn/JavaScript/Asynchronous")}}


VIOLENCE AT NOON A film review by Thomas E. Billings Copyright 1991 Thomas E. Billings
Synopsis: After the collapse of a collective farm in Japan in the 1960s, one of the collective members becomes a thief, murderer, and serial rapist who terrorizes the nation.  An interesting psychological crime story.
Japan (English subtitles), black-and-white, 1966, 100 minutes. Director: Nagisa Oshima.
This is a stylish film from Nagisa Oshima, who later became famous (or should I say infamous?) for the films IN THE REALM OF THE SENSES and EMPIRE OF PASSION. The story concerns Eisuke, a member of a farming collective that went bankrupt. It begins when he visits a young woman, another former collective member, who is working in a city. He rapes her, and kills her employer (also a woman). The police arrive and interrogate the surviving woman. She deliberately misleads them while she contacts the rapist's wife, who is another former collective member.
The story of the events at the collective farm, and the somewhat sordid relationships that existed between Eisuke (the rapist), Genji (the collective leader), and the two women is told in flashbacks that are interwoven with current events. The woman who was raped wants to talk with the rapist's wife before turning him in to the police. However, the wife does not answer the letters of inquiry. The story continues as the police learn a little about Eisuke, but don't yet have his full name or photo....
This is a well-written story, and is relatively interesting. It is also quite stylish in some respects. The editing is extremely good and very smooth. One aspect that is interesting at first, then becomes a distraction in the film, is the use of extreme close-up scenes. Frankly, close-ups of sweating eyebrows and chins lose their "novelty" very quickly!
The primary focus in the film is on the relationships between the two women and the two men who were in the collective. They are rather sordid relationships; there is much talk of suicide when the collective fails, and one must wonder why the rapist's wife loves him so, even though he treats her very badly. It is interesting that both women protect the rapist from the police, even though they were jealous rivals in the past, and they both consider him to be a beast. The film ultimately makes some interesting comments on the nature of compulsive criminals, and their motivation, though I cannot say more on that without revealing the ending.
Comparing this film to IN THE REALM OF THE SENSES, it is clear that both films focus on compulsion.
The film is well-made, and will generally hold your interest. Fans of crime drama, particularly those with a psychological slant, will find the film worth considering. Also, fans of the director's later films might find it interesting too.
Distribution: Screened at the Pacific Film Archive in Berkeley, CA. The print was from the Archive's collection of Japanese films. The owner of the film copyright is Kino International.
Reviewer contact<EMAIL_ADDRESS>.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


This interesting, friendly town is on the border with Ecuador. It sits on an island connected to the mainland by a causeway. Many of the houses in the area are built on stilts over the water.
SV Sarana's guide covers Tumaco in detail with 9 entry waypoints.
http://www.svsarana.com/free_guides.php#COL
Position 01° 49.12’N, 078°43.52’W (main anchorage).
Full details on the formalities required for clearing into and out of Colombia can be found at Colombia Formalities.
Tumaco is a military controlled port. You must call Guardacosta
on VHF channel 16 when you reach the sea buoy (01° 51.80’N, 078°46.15’W).
Do not proceed past this point until you have spoken with them and given them all your information and they have cleared you to enter. They will require a great number of details so have all boat paperwork and crew details to hand. It is possible to request an English translator, if necessary.
The Port Captain's office is at the Naval base and is very helpful. Ask the Port Captain to contact your agent.
For a list of agents see Clearance Agents.
Last updated April 2015.
The anchorage is in an estuary off the SE side of Isla del Morro, which is connected to the town by a bridge. Security is good as there is a military base on the other side of the channel. It provides complete shelter from all winds.
You will be advised where to anchor.
There is a commercial dock, which is not suitable for yachts.
It may be possible to use the military pier for landing with the dinghy but ensure you have permission first. Call the guards on VHF channel 71.
Alternatively, the owner of the wharf is very friendly and will allow access across his property.
Use an anchor light at night and it is best to return to the boat by early evening. Also to ensure the boat is locked when away from it.
Last updated April 2015.


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Olivia Juenger
05.28.20
Ohio University may not have the biggest campus, but it has some of the most interesting attractions in and around it. As it was the first college in the state, founded in 1804, OU has a lot of historic spots. Another great thing about Athens is the number of local businesses that support each other and the students of OU. Here are the top 10 places and businesses at OU, ranked:
Union Street Diner is one of the go-to restaurants on those late weekend nights after going out. The breakfast menu holds some of the most popular items, such as pancakes and eggs benedict, at the 24/7 restaurant. The consistency across all USD menus, though, is pretty impressive. The fact that the diner offers healthy meals is also impressive because not a lot of food businesses keep in mind that some people are cautious about what they eat.
Bagel Street Deli is one of the most widely known and loved food spots in Athens. At Bagel Street, bagels are not just a breakfast food, as it is open from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. most days. The decorations on the walls are also bound to catch your eye and give you a sense of comfort.
“There’s always something different to look at in Bagel Street. The walls are always full of different kinds of graffiti or designs. Plus, there’s always some kind of music playing that makes the employees excited,” Devin Blair, a rising junior studying music education, said.
There may be Athena Grand on East State Street, which plays all movies, but if you want a more down-to-earth, indie film experience, The Athena Cinema is the way to go. The cinema has a very vintage feel to it, and it supports local and small filmmakers. You can’t miss it while walking on Court Street just past CVS Pharmacy. The outside of The Athena looks like it is straight out of Hollywood.
Donkey Coffee is one of the many local coffee shops in Athens, and its coffee is known to be many students’ favorite in town. The menu, which contains more than just coffee, includes gluten free and vegan options for those who follow strict diets. Donkey is like one big house with several wall decorations, and the seating arrangements are couches and cushioned chairs. It is hard not to feel at home while at Donkey. The aesthetics are truly admirable. It is one of the most popular study spots in Athens. There is even a room with a small stage where musicians and poets perform on certain nights.
The Ridges is a popular spot for students interested in spooky settings. In The Ridges is what was formerly called the Athens Lunatic Asylum, a mental hospital that operated from 1874 to 1993. Now, the area is home to the Kennedy Museum of Art, OU offices and classrooms, The Dairy Barn Arts Center and more. The main building of the old asylum is known to be haunted, and during the month of October, there are late night tours given throughout it. Some students prefer to go with friends on their own, though, to look deeper and get even more spooked.
Whether you are on a bike, going on a run or simply taking a walk, Hockhocking Adena Bikeway is a great place to clear your mind. The trail starts in front of the Athens Community Center on East State Street and gives you a scenic view of Ohio University’s campus.
Bagel Street Deli and Athena Cinema may have gotten honorable mentions, but the entire span of Court Street itself is important to Athens. There are a number of boutiques, restaurants, coffee shops and, of course, bars. The number of bars on one straight street in a small town is unbelievable, but it is something that makes Athens so special.
Strouds Run State Park is the most scenic spot in Athens. It is truly a hidden treasure. The beauty of the lake and forest that span 2.606 acres is truly a getaway from the mostly plain appearance of the rest of Southeastern Ohio. There are several activities to do at Strouds Run, such as boating, fishing, picnicking and hiking the trails. There is even a small beach open during the summer months.
“Strouds Run is one of the most calming and fun places that you can go to off campus,” Luis Medina, a rising senior studying marketing and strategic communication, said. “If you want to do homework, you can sit by the water and feel relaxed with all of the nature around you. If you want to have fun, you can rent pontoons with your friends and have fun on the water.”
Baker University Center is more than just a shortcut through its escalators on a hot or cold day. Baker is the hub for many organizations, has three dining attractions, has several study spots and is beautiful inside and out. Some of the organizations inside include the Multicultural Center, Women’s Center, ACRN and The Post. Baker holds Front Room Coffee on its fourth floor and both Latitude 39 and West 82 on the first floor. The food and coffee drinks will not disappoint. The fifth floor even has a food pantry for those in need.
At the center of all the greens on campus is the scenic and historic College Green. You are bound to walk through it on your way to classes or Court Street, but sometimes, it is important to take in the beauty of it. Whether it is on a warm spring or summer day, a colorful fall day or a snowy winter day, College Green is picture-perfect. Take a moment to stop and look at the Alumni Gateway, the Soldiers’ Monument and The Kissing Circle. Oh, and do not step on the seal. Rumor has it, it is bad luck.
Athens has a lot to offer, and there are several places to visit within your four or more years as a student. Athens may be known best for its bars, but it is truly much more than that. From crowded streets to scenic nature areas, Athens always has something to do (after homework is done, of course).
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--- layout: default calendar_css: calendar_bootstrap_css: --- {% assign PATH_TO_COMPONENTS = "/components" | prepend: site.baseurl %} {% if page.background %} {% else %} {% endif %} {{ page.title }} {% if page.description %} {{ page.description }} {% endif %} Welcome, user Select Docker Image Reservations Edit Code Remote Connection Your Reservations Your Docker Images Assign Docker Image << Prev Today Next >> Year Month Week Day {{ page.calendar_caption }} Make a Reservation Date Start Time End Time Input your desired start and end time. Appointments are offered in 30 minute intervals. Only include times between 10:00-22:00. Request Reservation Cancel a Reservation Cancel Reservation Blockly Code Editor Generate Code Push to Registry LAUNCH REMOTE CONNECTION
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Endowed Chairs: Stepping Stones to Higher Levels of Research
UC Riverside currently has 55 “chairs” endowed by donors for specific purposes, and 18 of those have been created in the past three years. “An endowed chair is one of the most important and honored spots in higher education, because it fosters academic excellence and recognizes superior faculty,” said UCR Chancellor Kim A. Wilcox. “Our goal by the end of our current fundraising campaign in 2020 is to get to 75 endowed chairs. I am confident we will make it.”
Homecoming 2016: A Reminder of our Highlander Pride
This year's Highlander pride kicked off Homecoming on Nov. 18, with a dinner to celebrate the 30th Annual Alumni Awards of Distinction, where Shola Lynch, Ofelia Valdez-Yeager, and David Gutierrez were honored.
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Writers Week, the longest-running, free literary event in California, celebrates its 40th anniversary at UCR Feb. 14-16, 2017.
PBS NewsHour Highlights UC Riverside Poet
PBS NewsHour is featuring Allison Hedge Coke, distinguished professor of creative writing at the University of California, Riverside, and her poem “America, I Sing You Back” on its website.
David Lloyd Analyzes Influence of Art and Artists on Samuel Beckett
Irish playwright Samuel Beckett’s fascination with paintings and painters, and their influence on his dramatic work are the subject of a new book by David C. Lloyd.
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Introduction to Blazor Hosting Models We look at Blazor Server and Blazor WebAssembly, how you install the Visual Studio Templates and how to integrate an API through Blazor
Getting Started with ML.NET Model Builder for using in ASP.NET Core How to create ML.NET Application using ML.NET Model Builder and use the trained model to predict the result in ASP.NET Core.
Cloud migration: 5 common traps and how to avoid them For most organizations, migrating to the cloud involves 4 phases – opportunistic, cloud-first, ‘all-in’ and cloud-native. Find out the traps along the way.
Monsters Weekly 155 - C# range operator C# 8 adds a range operator to allow you to take slices of an array easily. In this episode, we’ll look at that and at array segments.
Geographically Distributed Teams Some lessons learned from leading geographically distributed teams across multiple time zones.
Using git tag for Presentations or Workshops While we hope it never happens, demo failures happen when presenting talks or doing workshops. I do not know of a speaker that has not had a demo go bad while up on stage or live streams. Many of us have a back up plan… After searching around for solution...
Hack Your Career - Troy Hunt Originally, I was content in my job, happy even. But over time I grew to want more; more job satisfaction, more opportunities, more progression. I started working on making this possible at every opportunity; while I was in the office, nights, weekends, h...
Ditto PR – strategy. execution. impact. From results to client relationships to communications counsel, Ditto is a “better PR firm.” We believe in giving individualized attention to each account by a full team of senior level staff who are passionate about our clients’ issues and have prior exp...
Lava Flowing Into a Seemingly Bottomless Crack Full details at: http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/423 This video shows lava pouring from the fissure into a seemingly bottomless crack. Napau Crater in the background. Helicopter for scale.
Adding a git commit hash and Azure DevOps Build Number and Build ID to an ASP.NET website A few months back I moved my CI/CD (Continuous Integration/Continuous Development) to Azure DevOps for free. You get ...
Making a cleaner and more intentional azure-pipelines.yml for an ASP.NET Core Web App A few months back I moved my CI/CD (Continuous Integration/Continuous Development) to Azure DevOps for free. You get ...


My personal project site for CIT 261
View the Project on GitHub jdeanwaite/cit-261
Week 06 includes the following assessments:


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This program just keeps popping up prompts. It is both useless and annoying, but it shows you how to use prompt.


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% load static %} {% block title %}Welcome{% endblock title %} {% block content %}
Test the cloud login features incorporated.
cloudRegister to test the functionalities incorporated.
cloudSign up as a Lecturer to test these features.


SIDEBARGOESHERE
Over time, API definitions can change.
As long as your app is well-coded (e.g. is resilient to non-breaking changes, such as unrecognised properties appearing in a request body) then it should keep working, even if you don't make it version-aware, so long as the APIs it produces and consumes only undergo non-breaking changes.
However if your app uses APIs that have breaking changes, and you want to preserve compatibility with previous versions (rather than just track the latest versions) - or if you just want to err on the side of safety and reliability - then you'll need to make your app version-aware.
TAS allows APIs to be designated a version number of the form major.minor, e.g. 1.02.
The version number is allocated by the developer who owns the APIs, and applies to all of their APIs (i.e. there is no per-API versioning).
Its up to each developer how they allocate version numbers for their APIs, but for our own (Aotal's) APIs, we follow this approach:
To be version-aware, your app should declare the range of versions that it supports, for each developer's APIs, at developer.talentappstore.com.
For example your app might declare that it supports:
NOTE: The UI described above to declare your app's version range as above is not yet available in TAS. For now you should specify your app's version range in text within its description, so that other developers can read it and manually set the version when they consume APIs produced by your app.
When your version-aware app produces APIs, it should check the requested version (within the Content-Type header), and behave accordingly.
For example, for the APIs from the developer "tas", the header might look like this:
Content-Type: application/vnd.talentappstore.tas-tenant-apis+json;version=2.01
This tells your app that the consumer wants the behaviour of version 2.01.
If no version is passed, your app should use its latest behaviour (whatever version that is at).
Whichever version you do decide to use, you should return it within the ContentType header in the API response.
When your version-aware app consumes APIs, usually you will want to consume them at the highest version supported by both your app and the producing app.
TAS provides new details within the GET /routes API call that you can use to determine this, e.g.:
In this example, when you call GET /routes, you will get back:
{
"consumingAppInstall": {
...
},
"consumedApi": {
...
},
"producingAppInstalls": [
{
"tenant": "acme",
"app": "bigredats",
...
"maxCommonVersion": "2.05"
},
...
]
}
Now, when your app consumes the GET /jobs API, you can:
If the producing app has not declared the API versions that it supports, then the maxCommonVersion field will not be present. In this case, don't pass any value for version when you make the API call, and the producer will just use its own default behaviour. e.g. pass a ContentType header like this:
Content-Type: application/vnd.talentappstore.tas-tenant-apis+json
NOTE: The new GET /routes response described above is not yet available in TAS. For now you should review the documentation of the app you are consuming APIs on, and manually set the version in your API requests.


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