GSAM User Guide
The following examples demonstrate the use of the GSAM package for common analysis scenarios.
The data files used for these examples can be retrieved from the data/
directory on the associated documentation repository. If you wish you run these examples yourself, first download the files in that directory to your local machine and ensure that they are on your current MATLAB path.
1. Single GSA, Liver hepatocellular carcinoma
1.1. Load the data and gene set collection file
Load the differential expression (DE) results for hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) (paired-normal tissue vs. primary tumor tissue).
DEdata = readtable('DEresults_LIHC.txt');
Take a look at the table contents.
head(DEdata)
% ans =
%
% 8×4 table
%
% gene_IDs gene_names logFC PValue
% ___________________ ____________ __________ __________
%
% {'ENSG00000000003'} {'TSPAN6' } -0.26345 0.050906
% {'ENSG00000000419'} {'DPM1' } -0.0030857 0.97084
% {'ENSG00000000457'} {'SCYL3' } 0.044663 0.63024
% {'ENSG00000000460'} {'C1orf112'} 0.7297 0.00021919
% {'ENSG00000000938'} {'FGR' } -1.2409 3.6644e-15
% {'ENSG00000000971'} {'CFH' } -0.72639 0.00069828
% {'ENSG00000001036'} {'FUCA2' } 0.050749 0.66557
% {'ENSG00000001084'} {'GCLC' } -0.60349 1.1461e-06
Extract the data into individual variables
geneIDs = DEdata.gene_IDs; % gene Ensembl IDs
geneNames = DEdata.gene_names; % gene abbreviations
log2FC = DEdata.logFC; % log2(fold-changes) (normal vs. tumor)
pvals = DEdata.PValue; % fold-change significance (p-values)
Load the KEGG_GSC.gmt
gene set collection (GSC) file using the importGSC
function, and look at the first few lines to see how it's formatted.
gsc = importGSC('KEGG_GSC.gmt');
% Gene set collection contains 146 gene sets and 4966 unique genes.
gsc(1:5,:)
% ans =
%
% 5×2 cell array
%
% {'KEGG-GLYCOLYSIS-GLUCONEOGENESIS'} {'ACSS2'}
% {'KEGG-GLYCOLYSIS-GLUCONEOGENESIS'} {'GCK' }
% {'KEGG-GLYCOLYSIS-GLUCONEOGENESIS'} {'PGK2' }
% {'KEGG-GLYCOLYSIS-GLUCONEOGENESIS'} {'PGK1' }
% {'KEGG-GLYCOLYSIS-GLUCONEOGENESIS'} {'PDHB' }
Note
The KEGG_custom_GSC.gmt
file used in this example is a modified version of the KEGG gene set collection retrieved from MSigDB, where all disease-related gene sets were removed.
1.2. Run the gene set analysis
Run the gene set analysis using the geneSetAnalysis
function.
GSAres = geneSetAnalysis(geneNames, pvals, log2FC, gsc, ...
'method', 'Wilcoxon', 'nPerm', 50000, 'gsSizeLim', [20, Inf]);
% Gene set collection contains 146 gene sets and 4966 unique genes.
% Checking for empty gene sets... Removed 0 empty sets.
% Checking for duplicated rows in GSC... Removed 0 duplicated rows.
% Checking gene set sizes... Removed 27 gene sets not satisfying size limits.
% Final number of gene sets remaining: 119
% Subsetting data for mixed-directional calculations... Done.
% Calculating test statistic... Done.
% Calculating significance via gene shuffling... Done.
Here, we chose the Wilcoxon rank-sum test as the method for combining gene-level statistics, set the number of permutations for significance calculation to 50000, and excluded gene sets that contain less than 20 genes.
Important
We used geneNames
(instead of e.g. geneIDs
) as input to the geneSetAnalysis
function because gene names are used in the gsc
that was loaded. It is important that the gene names or IDs in the gene list are of the same type as those used in the GSC file.
1.3. View and/or export the results
The results are returned as the GSAres
table, which contains information about the size (number of genes) and significance (p-values, raw and adjusted) for each of the evaluated gene sets. The table can be viewed by double-clicking on GSAres
in the Workspace, or using the open
function.
open('GSAres');
| GS_name | GS_size | stat_nondir | p_nondir | padj_nondir | stat_mixup | p_mixup | padj_mixup | stat_mixdn | p_mixdn | padj_mixdn | stat_distup | p_distup | padj_distup | stat_distdn | p_distdn | padj_distdn |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KEGG-GLYCOLYSIS-GLUCONEOGENESIS | 51 | 519848 | 0.0102 | 0.0371 | 62259 | 0.5766 | 0.8788 | 196844 | 0.0018 | 0.0092 | 302878 | 0.9998 | 1 | 571415 | 0.00018 | 0.00067 |
| KEGG-CITRATE-CYCLE-TCA-CYCLE | 30 | 294717 | 0.0832 | 0.1799 | 44790 | 0.3987 | 0.8041 | 101736 | 0.0759 | 0.1966 | 200384 | 0.9817 | 1 | 313906 | 0.0183 | 0.0496 |
| KEGG-PENTOSE-PHOSPHATE-PATHWAY | 21 | 198224 | 0.2115 | 0.3872 | 47870 | 0.2579 | 0.6929 | 51476 | 0.3019 | 0.5239 | 176522 | 0.5622 | 1 | 183481 | 0.4379 | 0.6596 |
| KEGG-PENTOSE-AND-GLUCURONATE-INTERCONVERSIONS | 21 | 189170 | 0.3415 | 0.5080 | 8507 | 0.8360 | 0.9871 | 84792 | 0.2356 | 0.4344 | 103850 | 0.9998 | 1 | 256153 | 0.0002 | 0.0007 |
| KEGG-FRUCTOSE-AND-MANNOSE-METABOLISM | 32 | 278495 | 0.4365 | 0.6076 | 74220 | 0.2803 | 0.6948 | 65609 | 0.6202 | 0.8317 | 283091 | 0.3800 | 1 | 265485 | 0.6201 | 0.8580 |
| ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
The tabular format of the GSA results can often be difficult to interpret. A more intuitive way to visualize the results is to use a heatmap. Generate a heatmap to visualize GSAres
using the GSAheatmap
function.
GSAheatmap(GSAres, 'filterMethod', 'pval', 'filterThreshold', 0.01);
By default, the GSAheatmap
function will use the adjusted p-values. Here, we chose to filter the gene sets to only show those with an adjusted p-value ≤ 0.01 for at least one of the five directionality types.
Note
For more information on the meaning and interpretation of the different p-value classes (distinct directional down and up, mixed-directinal down and up, and non-directional), see the publication where they were introduced.
Alternatively, the results can be written to a file.
writetable(GSAres,'GSAresults.txt','Delimiter','\t'); % export to tab-delimited .txt file
writetable(GSAres,'GSAresults.csv','Delimiter',','); % export to comma-delimited .csv file
2. Using gene set collections derived from GEMs
Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) are convenient collections of all known reactions comprising the metabolism of an organism or cell type. Since most GEMs contain gene information, we can extract gene set collections from the associations of these genes with other model components, such as metabolites or subsystems (pathways).
2.1. Extract and use a metabolite-based GSC
For this example, we will use a human genome-scale metabolic model, Human-GEM. A .mat
version of the model can be retrieved from the Human-GEM GitHub repository.
Once the HumanGEM.mat
file is downloaded and added to the current working folder (or somewhere else on the MATLAB path), load it into MATLAB.
load('HumanGEM.mat'); % the model is loaded as a structure named 'ihuman'
Extract a metabolite-based GSC from the model using the extractMetaboliteGSC
function.
gsc_met = extractMetaboliteGSC(ihuman);
% Gene set collection contains 3715 gene sets and 3625 unique genes.
Just as other GSCs (such as the KEGG collection described above) associate biological functions or processes to sets of genes, the metabolite GSC associates metabolites to sets of genes. This provides a convenient link between gene-level information and metabolism.
Use the same LIHC DE data as was used in Example 1 above:
DEdata = readtable('DEresults_LIHC.txt');
geneIDs = DEdata.gene_IDs;
geneNames = DEdata.gene_names;
log2FC = DEdata.logFC;
pvals = DEdata.PValue;
Run a GSA with the LIHC DE data, now using the metabolite GSC gsc_met
.
GSAres = geneSetAnalysis(geneIDs, pvals, log2FC, gsc_met, ...
'method', 'Reporter', 'nPerm', 50000, 'gsSizeLim', [20, 200]);
% Checking for empty gene sets... Removed 71 empty sets.
% Checking for duplicated rows in GSC... Removed 0 duplicated rows.
% Checking gene set sizes... Removed 3236 gene sets not satisfying size limits.
% Final number of gene sets remaining: 408
% Subsetting data for mixed-directional calculations... Done.
% Calculating test statistic... Done.
% Calculating significance via gene shuffling... Done.
Note
This approach of using metabolite-based gene sets with the "reporter" method for combining gene-level statistics is termed reporter metabolite analysis.
Important
Notice that we used the geneIDs
here instead of geneNames
. This is because the Human-GEM model by default uses gene Ensembl IDs, which means the gsc_met
will also contain Ensembl IDs. Try running the GSA using geneNames
instead - you should see an error.
The results can again be visualized using the GSAheatmap
function. Since a very large number of gene sets in this example exhibit a low p-value (e.g., < 0.001) we use the top each
filter method to only include the top 10 most significant gene sets for each column (p-value type) in the heatmap.
GSAheatmap(GSAres, 'filterMethod', 'top each', 'filterThreshold', 10, 'colorMax', 5);
Note that we set the colorMax
input to 5 to prevent the color range from autoscaling to the maximum -log10(p-value), which would result in very faint colors for most gene sets.
2.2. Extract and use a subsystem-based GSC
In the same way that a metabolite-based GSC can be extracted from a genome-scale model, we can generate a subsystem-based GSC:
gsc_subsys = extractSubsystemGSC(ihuman);
Subsystems are groups of reactions forming a pathway or sharing a common metabolic function. A few examples can be seen from gsc_subsys
:
subsystem_list = unique(gsc_subsys);
subsystem_list(1:5)
% ans =
%
% 5×1 cell array
%
% {'Acyl-CoA hydrolysis' }
% {'Acylglycerides metabolism' }
% {'Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism'}
% {'Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism'}
% {'Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis' }
Run a GSA on the LIHC DE results with the same settings as above, but now using gsc_subsys
.
GSAres = geneSetAnalysis(geneIDs, pvals, log2FC, gsc_subsys, ...
'method', 'Reporter', 'nPerm', 50000, 'gsSizeLim', [20, 200]);
Visualize the results with a heatmap, filtering based on (adjusted) p-values.
GSAheatmap(GSAres, 'filterMethod', 'pval', 'filterThreshold', 0.05, 'colorMax', 5);
3. Combining the results of multiple GSAs
In some cases we have multiple sets of p-values and fold-changes from multiple DE analyses, and may want to compare the GSA results among these data sets. Both the geneSetAnalysis
and GSAheatmap
functions allow input of multiple datasets or results.
We will demonstrate two example approaches for running and comparing multiple GSAs which yield the same result. The examples will use the metabolite GSC from the Human-GEM model, and the "Reporter" method for combining statistics. Both approaches begin with the same steps of loading a GSC and specifying the list of dataset files:
% extract a metabolite GSC (see Example 2 for more detail)
load('HumanGEM.mat');
gsc_met = extractMetaboliteGSC(ihuman);
% specify list of DE data files to analyze
cancer_types = {'COAD'; 'KIRC'; 'LIHC'; 'STAD'};
fnames = strcat('DEresults_', cancer_types, '.txt');
% fnames =
%
% 4×1 cell array
%
% {'DEresults_COAD.txt'}
% {'DEresults_KIRC.txt'}
% {'DEresults_LIHC.txt'}
% {'DEresults_STAD.txt'}
3.1. Run multiple GSAs separately and combine the results
One approach is to run each GSA separately (e.g., in a for-loop), and then combine the results before calling the GSAheatmap
function.
% load and analyze each dataset individually
for i = 1:numel(fnames)
DEdata = readtable(fnames{i});
GSAres{i} = geneSetAnalysis(DEdata.gene_IDs, DEdata.PValue, DEdata.logFC, ...
gsc_met, 'method', 'Reporter', 'nPerm', 10000, 'gsSizeLim', [20, 200]);
GSAres{i}.Properties.Description = cancer_types{i}; % label the table as the cancer type
end
3.2. Run multiple GSAs together in one function call
Another approach is to first combine the datasets, and then supply the combined data to the geneSetAnalysis
function.
% load and combine datasets into cell arrays
for i = 1:numel(fnames)
DEdata = readtable(fnames{i});
logFC{i} = DEdata.logFC;
PValue{i} = DEdata.PValue;
genes{i} = DEdata.gene_IDs;
end
% run the GSA
GSAres = geneSetAnalysis(genes, PValue, logFC, gsc_met, 'method', 'Reporter', ...
'nPerm', 10000, 'gsSizeLim', [20, 200], 'dataNames', cancer_types);
% ##### Running GSA on COAD (run 1 of 4) #####
%
% Checking for empty gene sets... Removed 106 empty sets.
% Checking for duplicated rows in GSC... Removed 0 duplicated rows.
% Checking gene set sizes... Removed 3250 gene sets not satisfying size limits.
% Final number of gene sets remaining: 359
% Subsetting data for mixed-directional calculations... Done.
% Calculating test statistic... Done.
% Calculating significance via gene shuffling... Done.
%
%
% ##### Running GSA on KIRC (run 2 of 4) #####
%
% Checking for empty gene sets... Removed 63 empty sets.
% Checking for duplicated rows in GSC... Removed 0 duplicated rows.
% Checking gene set sizes... Removed 3288 gene sets not satisfying size limits.
% Final number of gene sets remaining: 364
% Subsetting data for mixed-directional calculations... Done.
% Calculating test statistic... Done.
% Calculating significance via gene shuffling... Done.
%
% ...
Note that in this second approach, we supplied the dataset names cancer_types
as input to the geneSetAnalysis
function.
3.3. Generate multi-GSA heatmaps
Both the above approaches should yield essentially the same GSAres
result (though not identical because of stochasticity). To visualize the results of the multiple GSAs in the same plot, the GSAheatmap
function can be used.
Here we choose to show the top 10 most significant gene sets (metabolites) from each dataset, and to scale the colorbar to a maximum -log10(p-value) of 5.
GSAheatmap(GSAres, 'filterMethod', 'top each', 'filterThreshold', 10, 'colorMax', 5);
% Warning! The following gene sets are not present in all GSAres tables and will therefore be ignored:
% 1,2-diacylglycerol-LD-SM pool
% 1-(1-alkenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
% 1-acylglycerol-3P pool
% 10-HETE
% 11,12,15-THETA
% ...and 70 more.
Two heatmaps are produced: one showing the non-directional p-values (left), and one showing the distinct-direcitonal p-values (right). The distinct-directional p-values have been signed (+/-) after log-transformation, based on which direction (increase or decrease) was more significant.
Important
From the warning message, we see that some gene sets (metabolites) cannot be shown because they are not present in all GSA results across the different runs. This occurs because the different datasets each have a different gene list (usually due to filtering of low-count genes). When genes that are absent from the dataset are removed from the GSC in the pre-processing step, the gene set sizes may change and some gene sets may no longer satisfy the 20-200 range that was specified in the input.


| Vendor Name: | Woodside, Scott |
|---|---|
| Reference Number: |<PHONE_NUMBER> |
| Contract Date: | 2011-02-21 |
| Description of Work: | 0499 Other Professional Serv. Not Elsewhere Specified |
| Contract Period: | 2011-02-21 to 2011-02-24 |
| Delivery Date: | |
| Contract Value: | $12,197.80 |
| Comments: | Interview & Prep |


--- layout: article publication-date: 2017-05-06 title: Digital Mechanical Metamaterials authors: - Alexandra Ion - Ludwig Wall - Robert Kovacs - Patrick Baudisch venue: In Proceedings of CHI’17. Denver, CO, May 6 – 11, 2017 type: - Conference - Full Paper - Peer-reviewed tags: - Metamaterials - Fabrication - Programmable Matter video-thumb: "https://youtu.be/Jx5-Kb4_VKU" video: "https://youtu.be/Jx5-Kb4_VKU" image: teaser.jpg pdf: 2017CHI-Digital-mechanical-metamaterials-authors-copy.pdf doi: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3025453.3025624 page-subtitle: "We integrate simple computation into 3D printed objects’ cell structure." ---
In this paper, we explore how to embody mechanical computation into 3D printed objects, i.e., without electronic sensors, actuators, or controllers typically used for this purpose. A key benefit of our approach is that the resulting objects can be 3D printed in one piece and thus do not require assembly.
We are building on 3D printed cell structures, also known as metamaterials. We introduce a new type of cell that propagates a digital mechanical signal using an embedded bistable spring. When triggered, the embedded spring discharges and the resulting impulse triggers one or more neighboring cells, resulting in signal propagation. We extend this basic mechanism to implement simple logic functions.
We demonstrate interactive objects based on this concept, such as a combination lock. We present a custom editor that allows users to model 3D objects, route signals, simulate signal flow, and synthesize cell patterns.


public class MidiSystem extends Object
MidiSystem
class provides access to the installed MIDI
system resources, including devices such as synthesizers, sequencers, and
MIDI input and output ports. A typical simple MIDI application might
begin by invoking one or more MidiSystem
methods to learn
what devices are installed and to obtain the ones needed in that
application.
The class also has methods for reading files, streams, and URLs that
contain standard MIDI file data or soundbanks. You can query the
MidiSystem
for the format of a specified MIDI file.
You cannot instantiate a MidiSystem
; all the methods are
static.
Properties can be used to specify default MIDI devices.
Both system properties and a properties file are considered.
The sound.properties
properties file is read from
an implementation-specific location (typically it is the lib
directory in the Java installation directory).
If a property exists both as a system property and in the
properties file, the system property takes precedence. If none is
specified, a suitable default is chosen among the available devices.
The syntax of the properties file is specified in
Properties.load
. The
following table lists the available property keys and which methods
consider them:
| Property Key | Interface | Affected Method |
|---|---|---|
javax.sound.midi.Receiver |
Receiver |
getReceiver() |
javax.sound.midi.Sequencer |
Sequencer |
getSequencer() |
javax.sound.midi.Synthesizer |
Synthesizer |
getSynthesizer() |
javax.sound.midi.Transmitter |
Transmitter |
getTransmitter() |
MIDI device provider
class. The device name is matched against
the String
returned by the getName
method of MidiDevice.Info
.
Either the class name, or the device name may be omitted.
If only the class name is specified, the trailing hash mark
is optional.
If the provider class is specified, and it can be
successfully retrieved from the installed providers,
the list of
MidiDevice.Info
objects is retrieved
from the provider. Otherwise, or when these devices
do not provide a subsequent match, the list is retrieved
from getMidiDeviceInfo()
to contain
all available MidiDevice.Info
objects.
If a device name is specified, the resulting list of
MidiDevice.Info
objects is searched:
the first one with a matching name, and whose
MidiDevice
implements the
respective interface, will be returned.
If no matching MidiDevice.Info
object
is found, or the device name is not specified,
the first suitable device from the resulting
list will be returned. For Sequencer and Synthesizer,
a device is suitable if it implements the respective
interface; whereas for Receiver and Transmitter, a device is
suitable if it
implements neither Sequencer nor Synthesizer and provides
at least one Receiver or Transmitter, respectively.
For example, the property javax.sound.midi.Receiver
with a value
"com.sun.media.sound.MidiProvider#SunMIDI1"
will have the following consequences when
getReceiver
is called:
if the class com.sun.media.sound.MidiProvider
exists
in the list of installed MIDI device providers,
the first Receiver
device with name
"SunMIDI1"
will be returned. If it cannot
be found, the first Receiver
from that provider
will be returned, regardless of name.
If there is none, the first Receiver
with name
"SunMIDI1"
in the list of all devices
(as returned by getMidiDeviceInfo
) will be returned,
or, if not found, the first Receiver
that can
be found in the list of all devices is returned.
If that fails, too, a MidiUnavailableException
is thrown.
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
static MidiDevice |
getMidiDevice(MidiDevice.Info info)
Obtains the requested MIDI device.
|
static MidiDevice.Info[] |
getMidiDeviceInfo()
Obtains an array of information objects representing
the set of all MIDI devices available on the system.
|
static MidiFileFormat |
getMidiFileFormat(File file)
Obtains the MIDI file format of the specified
File . |
static MidiFileFormat |
getMidiFileFormat(InputStream stream)
Obtains the MIDI file format of the data in the specified input stream.
|
static MidiFileFormat |
getMidiFileFormat(URL url)
Obtains the MIDI file format of the data in the specified URL.
|
static int[] |
getMidiFileTypes()
Obtains the set of MIDI file types for which file writing support is
provided by the system.
|
static int[] |
getMidiFileTypes(Sequence sequence)
Obtains the set of MIDI file types that the system can write from the
sequence specified.
|
static Receiver |
getReceiver()
Obtains a MIDI receiver from an external MIDI port
or other default device.
|
static Sequence |
getSequence(File file)
Obtains a MIDI sequence from the specified
File . |
static Sequence |
getSequence(InputStream stream)
Obtains a MIDI sequence from the specified input stream.
|
static Sequence |
getSequence(URL url)
Obtains a MIDI sequence from the specified URL.
|
static Sequencer |
getSequencer()
Obtains the default
Sequencer , connected to
a default device. |
static Sequencer |
getSequencer(boolean connected)
Obtains the default
Sequencer , optionally
connected to a default device. |
static Soundbank |
getSoundbank(File file)
Constructs a
Soundbank by reading it from the specified
File . |
static Soundbank |
getSoundbank(InputStream stream)
Constructs a MIDI sound bank by reading it from the specified stream.
|
static Soundbank |
getSoundbank(URL url)
Constructs a
Soundbank by reading it from the specified URL. |
static Synthesizer |
getSynthesizer()
Obtains the default synthesizer.
|
static Transmitter |
getTransmitter()
Obtains a MIDI transmitter from an external MIDI port
or other default source.
|
static boolean |
isFileTypeSupported(int fileType)
Indicates whether file writing support for the specified MIDI file type
is provided by the system.
|
static boolean |
isFileTypeSupported(int fileType,
Sequence sequence)
Indicates whether a MIDI file of the file type specified can be written
from the sequence indicated.
|
static int |
write(Sequence in,
int type,
File out)
Writes a stream of bytes representing a file of the MIDI file type
indicated to the external file provided.
|
static int |
write(Sequence in,
int fileType,
OutputStream out)
Writes a stream of bytes representing a file of the MIDI file type
indicated to the output stream provided.
|
public static MidiDevice.Info[] getMidiDeviceInfo()
getMidiDevice
.MidiDevice.Info
objects, one
for each installed MIDI device. If no such devices are installed,
an array of length 0 is returned.public static MidiDevice getMidiDevice(MidiDevice.Info info) throws MidiUnavailableException
info
- a device information object representing the desired device.MidiUnavailableException
- if the requested device is not available
due to resource restrictionsIllegalArgumentException
- if the info object does not represent
a MIDI device installed on the systemgetMidiDeviceInfo()
public static Receiver getReceiver() throws MidiUnavailableException
MidiDeviceReceiver
interface.
If the system property
javax.sound.midi.Receiver
is defined or it is defined in the file "sound.properties",
it is used to identify the device that provides the default receiver.
For details, refer to the class description
.
If a suitable MIDI port is not available, the Receiver is
retrieved from an installed synthesizer.
If a native receiver provided by the default device does not implement
the MidiDeviceReceiver
interface, it will be wrapped in a
wrapper class that implements the MidiDeviceReceiver
interface.
The corresponding Receiver
method calls will be forwarded
to the native receiver.
If this method returns successfully, the MidiDevice
the
Receiver
belongs to is opened implicitly, if it is
not already open. It is possible to close an implicitly opened
device by calling close
on the returned Receiver
. All open Receiver
instances have to be closed in order to release system resources
hold by the MidiDevice
. For a
detailed description of open/close behaviour see the class
description of MidiDevice
.
MidiUnavailableException
- if the default receiver is not
available due to resource restrictions,
or no device providing receivers is installed in the systempublic static Transmitter getTransmitter() throws MidiUnavailableException
MidiDeviceTransmitter
interface.
If the system property
javax.sound.midi.Transmitter
is defined or it is defined in the file "sound.properties",
it is used to identify the device that provides the default transmitter.
For details, refer to the class description
.
If a native transmitter provided by the default device does not implement
the MidiDeviceTransmitter
interface, it will be wrapped in a
wrapper class that implements the MidiDeviceTransmitter
interface.
The corresponding Transmitter
method calls will be forwarded
to the native transmitter.
If this method returns successfully, the MidiDevice
the
Transmitter
belongs to is opened implicitly, if it
is not already open. It is possible to close an implicitly
opened device by calling close
on the returned
Transmitter
. All open Transmitter
instances have to be closed in order to release system resources
hold by the MidiDevice
. For a detailed description
of open/close behaviour see the class description of MidiDevice
.
MidiUnavailableException
- if the default transmitter is not
available due to resource restrictions,
or no device providing transmitters is installed in the systempublic static Synthesizer getSynthesizer() throws MidiUnavailableException
If the system property
javax.sound.midi.Synthesizer
is defined or it is defined in the file "sound.properties",
it is used to identify the default synthesizer.
For details, refer to the class description
.
MidiUnavailableException
- if the synthesizer is not
available due to resource restrictions,
or no synthesizer is installed in the systempublic static Sequencer getSequencer() throws MidiUnavailableException
Sequencer
, connected to
a default device.
The returned Sequencer
instance is
connected to the default Synthesizer
,
as returned by getSynthesizer()
.
If there is no Synthesizer
available, or the default Synthesizer
cannot be opened, the sequencer
is connected
to the default Receiver
, as returned
by getReceiver()
.
The connection is made by retrieving a Transmitter
instance from the Sequencer
and setting its
Receiver
.
Closing and re-opening the sequencer will restore the
connection to the default device.
This method is equivalent to calling
getSequencer(true)
.
If the system property
javax.sound.midi.Sequencer
is defined or it is defined in the file "sound.properties",
it is used to identify the default sequencer.
For details, refer to the class description
.
MidiUnavailableException
- if the sequencer is not
available due to resource restrictions,
or there is no Receiver
available by any
installed MidiDevice
,
or no sequencer is installed in the system.getSequencer(boolean)
,
getSynthesizer()
,
getReceiver()
public static Sequencer getSequencer(boolean connected) throws MidiUnavailableException
Sequencer
, optionally
connected to a default device.
If connected
is true, the returned
Sequencer
instance is
connected to the default Synthesizer
,
as returned by getSynthesizer()
.
If there is no Synthesizer
available, or the default Synthesizer
cannot be opened, the sequencer
is connected
to the default Receiver
, as returned
by getReceiver()
.
The connection is made by retrieving a Transmitter
instance from the Sequencer
and setting its
Receiver
.
Closing and re-opening the sequencer will restore the
connection to the default device.
If connected
is false, the returned
Sequencer
instance is not connected, it
has no open Transmitters
. In order to
play the sequencer on a MIDI device, or a Synthesizer
,
it is necessary to get a Transmitter
and set its
Receiver
.
If the system property
javax.sound.midi.Sequencer
is defined or it is defined in the file "sound.properties",
it is used to identify the default sequencer.
For details, refer to the class description
.
connected
- whether or not the returned Sequencer
is connected to the default Synthesizer
MidiUnavailableException
- if the sequencer is not
available due to resource restrictions,
or no sequencer is installed in the system,
or if connected
is true, and there is
no Receiver
available by any installed
MidiDevice
getSynthesizer()
,
getReceiver()
public static Soundbank getSoundbank(InputStream stream) throws InvalidMidiDataException, IOException
stream
- the source of the sound bank data.InvalidMidiDataException
- if the stream does not point to
valid MIDI soundbank data recognized by the systemIOException
- if an I/O error occurred when loading the soundbankInputStream.markSupported()
,
InputStream.mark(int)
public static Soundbank getSoundbank(URL url) throws InvalidMidiDataException, IOException
Soundbank
by reading it from the specified URL.
The URL must point to a valid MIDI soundbank file.url
- the source of the sound bank dataInvalidMidiDataException
- if the URL does not point to valid MIDI
soundbank data recognized by the systemIOException
- if an I/O error occurred when loading the soundbankpublic static Soundbank getSoundbank(File file) throws InvalidMidiDataException, IOException
Soundbank
by reading it from the specified
File
.
The File
must point to a valid MIDI soundbank file.file
- the source of the sound bank dataInvalidMidiDataException
- if the File
does not
point to valid MIDI soundbank data recognized by the systemIOException
- if an I/O error occurred when loading the soundbankpublic static MidiFileFormat getMidiFileFormat(InputStream stream) throws InvalidMidiDataException, IOException
This method and/or the code it invokes may need to read some data from
the stream to determine whether its data format is supported. The
implementation may therefore
need to mark the stream, read enough data to determine whether it is in
a supported format, and reset the stream's read pointer to its original
position. If the input stream does not permit this set of operations,
this method may fail with an IOException
.
This operation can only succeed for files of a type which can be parsed by an installed file reader. It may fail with an InvalidMidiDataException even for valid files if no compatible file reader is installed. It will also fail with an InvalidMidiDataException if a compatible file reader is installed, but encounters errors while determining the file format.
stream
- the input stream from which file format information
should be extractedMidiFileFormat
object describing the MIDI file
formatInvalidMidiDataException
- if the stream does not point to valid
MIDI file data recognized by the systemIOException
- if an I/O exception occurs while accessing the
streamgetMidiFileFormat(URL)
,
getMidiFileFormat(File)
,
InputStream.markSupported()
,
InputStream.mark(int)
public static MidiFileFormat getMidiFileFormat(URL url) throws InvalidMidiDataException, IOException
This operation can only succeed for files of a type which can be parsed by an installed file reader. It may fail with an InvalidMidiDataException even for valid files if no compatible file reader is installed. It will also fail with an InvalidMidiDataException if a compatible file reader is installed, but encounters errors while determining the file format.
url
- the URL from which file format information should be
extractedMidiFileFormat
object describing the MIDI file
formatInvalidMidiDataException
- if the URL does not point to valid MIDI
file data recognized by the systemIOException
- if an I/O exception occurs while accessing the URLgetMidiFileFormat(InputStream)
,
getMidiFileFormat(File)
public static MidiFileFormat getMidiFileFormat(File file) throws InvalidMidiDataException, IOException
File
. The
File
must point to valid MIDI file data for a file type
recognized by the system.
This operation can only succeed for files of a type which can be parsed by an installed file reader. It may fail with an InvalidMidiDataException even for valid files if no compatible file reader is installed. It will also fail with an InvalidMidiDataException if a compatible file reader is installed, but encounters errors while determining the file format.
file
- the File
from which file format information
should be extractedMidiFileFormat
object describing the MIDI file
formatInvalidMidiDataException
- if the File
does not point
to valid MIDI file data recognized by the systemIOException
- if an I/O exception occurs while accessing the filegetMidiFileFormat(InputStream)
,
getMidiFileFormat(URL)
public static Sequence getSequence(InputStream stream) throws InvalidMidiDataException, IOException
This method and/or the code it invokes may need to read some data
from the stream to determine whether
its data format is supported. The implementation may therefore
need to mark the stream, read enough data to determine whether it is in
a supported format, and reset the stream's read pointer to its original
position. If the input stream does not permit this set of operations,
this method may fail with an IOException
.
This operation can only succeed for files of a type which can be parsed
by an installed file reader. It may fail with an InvalidMidiDataException
even for valid files if no compatible file reader is installed. It
will also fail with an InvalidMidiDataException if a compatible file reader
is installed, but encounters errors while constructing the Sequence
object from the file data.
stream
- the input stream from which the Sequence
should be constructedSequence
object based on the MIDI file data
contained in the input streamInvalidMidiDataException
- if the stream does not point to
valid MIDI file data recognized by the systemIOException
- if an I/O exception occurs while accessing the
streamInputStream.markSupported()
,
InputStream.mark(int)
public static Sequence getSequence(URL url) throws InvalidMidiDataException, IOException
This operation can only succeed for files of a type which can be parsed
by an installed file reader. It may fail with an InvalidMidiDataException
even for valid files if no compatible file reader is installed. It
will also fail with an InvalidMidiDataException if a compatible file reader
is installed, but encounters errors while constructing the Sequence
object from the file data.
url
- the URL from which the Sequence
should be
constructedSequence
object based on the MIDI file data
pointed to by the URLInvalidMidiDataException
- if the URL does not point to valid MIDI
file data recognized by the systemIOException
- if an I/O exception occurs while accessing the URLpublic static Sequence getSequence(File file) throws InvalidMidiDataException, IOException
File
.
The File
must point to valid MIDI file data
for a file type recognized by the system.
This operation can only succeed for files of a type which can be parsed
by an installed file reader. It may fail with an InvalidMidiDataException
even for valid files if no compatible file reader is installed. It
will also fail with an InvalidMidiDataException if a compatible file reader
is installed, but encounters errors while constructing the Sequence
object from the file data.
file
- the File
from which the Sequence
should be constructedSequence
object based on the MIDI file data
pointed to by the FileInvalidMidiDataException
- if the File does not point to valid MIDI
file data recognized by the systemIOException
- if an I/O exception occurspublic static int[] getMidiFileTypes()
public static boolean isFileTypeSupported(int fileType)
fileType
- the file type for which write capabilities are queriedtrue
if the file type is supported,
otherwise false
public static int[] getMidiFileTypes(Sequence sequence)
sequence
- the sequence for which MIDI file type support
is queriedpublic static boolean isFileTypeSupported(int fileType, Sequence sequence)
fileType
- the file type for which write capabilities
are queriedsequence
- the sequence for which file writing support is queriedtrue
if the file type is supported for this
sequence, otherwise false
public static int write(Sequence in, int fileType, OutputStream out) throws IOException
in
- sequence containing MIDI data to be written to the filefileType
- the file type of the file to be written to the output streamout
- stream to which the file data should be writtenIOException
- if an I/O exception occursIllegalArgumentException
- if the file format is not supported by
the systemisFileTypeSupported(int, Sequence)
,
getMidiFileTypes(Sequence)
public static int write(Sequence in, int type, File out) throws IOException
in
- sequence containing MIDI data to be written to the filetype
- the file type of the file to be written to the output streamout
- external file to which the file data should be writtenIOException
- if an I/O exception occursIllegalArgumentException
- if the file type is not supported by
the systemisFileTypeSupported(int, Sequence)
,
getMidiFileTypes(Sequence)
Submit a bug or feature
For further API reference and developer documentation, see Java SE Documentation. That documentation contains more detailed, developer-targeted descriptions, with conceptual overviews, definitions of terms, workarounds, and working code examples.
Copyright © 1993, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.


PASTE(1) User Commands PASTE(1) NAME paste - merge lines of files SYNOPSIS paste [OPTION]... [FILE]... DESCRIPTION Write lines consisting of the sequentially corresponding lines from each FILE, separated by TABs, to standard output. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. -d, --delimiters=LIST reuse characters from LIST instead of TABs -s, --serial paste one file at a time instead of in parallel --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit AUTHOR Written by David M. Ihnat and David MacKenzie. REPORTING BUGS Report paste bugs to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>GNU coreutils home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/> General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/> Report paste translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/> COPYRIGHT Copyright © 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>. This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. SEE ALSO The full documentation for paste is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and paste programs are properly installed at your site, the com‐ mand info coreutils 'paste invocation' should give you access to the complete manual. GNU coreutils 8.12.197-032bb September 2011 PASTE(1)


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[gecode-users] Attempt to invoke operation on failed space?
Peter Tiedemann
petert at itu.dk
Wed Apr 18 19:12:32 CEST 2007
Thank you for taking the time to answer.
On 18/04/07, Mikael Zayenz Lagerkvist <zayenz at gmail.com> wrote:
> When the search-procedure recomputes a node, it will not follow
> exactly the same path as the first time - several branching decisions
> are added at once and then a fixpoint is computed (this is called
> batch recomputation). If this fails, the an error such as the one you
> observed might be thrown. This is one potential cause for your
> problem.
If i turn off re-computation i no longer suffer this problem, so this
could very well be the source of my problem.
> One of the key properties that Gecode uses for enabling batch
> recomputation this is that propagators should be monotonic. Typical
> cases where propagators are non-monotonic might be: not subscribing to
> all events used, using heuristic/random propagation algorithms,
> reporting ES_FIX when that is not the case, and of course general
> bugs.
I think what i am working on fits nicely into the category of
heuristic propagation. The propagator in question is not generally
monotonic (ie it might detect in-feasibility on one set of domains and
neglect to spot in-feasibility of a stricter set of domains) and in
addition the result of assign, propagate, assign,propagate and
assign,assign, propagate, propagate is not guaranteed to be the same.
Propagation is however completely deterministic.
So i guess this should be the source of my problem, right?
I suppose i will just have to run without re-computation.
Thank your for explaining this. The propagator im working with is a
bit 'special' so i suppose it isn't too surprising that im
encountering this type of issue :)
Peter Tiedemann
More information about the gecode-users
mailing list


Zone A
Alta,
Backlot City,
Banham Canyon,
Banning,
Baytree Canyon,
Bolingbroke Penitentiary,
Braddock Pass,
Burton,
Calafia Bridge,
Cape Catfish
Zone B
Cassidy Creek,
Chamberlain Hills,
Chiliad Mountain State Wilderness,
Chumash,
Cypress Flats,
Davis,
Davis Quartz,
Del Perro,
Del Perro Beach,
Dignity Village
Zone C
Downtown Los Santos,
Downtown Vinewood,
East Los Santos,
East Vinewood,
El Burro Heights,
Elysian Island,
Fort Zancudo,
Galilee,
Galileo Observatory,
Galileo Park
Zone D
Grand Senora Desert,
Great Chaparral,
GWC and Golfing Society,
Harmony,
Hawick,
Heart Attacks Beach,
Humane Labs and Research,
Kortz Center,
La Mesa,
La Puerta
Zone E
Lago Zancudo,
Lake Vinewood,
Lake Vinewood Estates,
Land Act Dam,
Land Act Reservoir,
Legion Square,
Little Seoul,
Los Santos International Airport,
Ludendorff,
Marlowe Vineyards
Zone F
Maze Bank Arena,
Mirror Park,
Mirror Park Railyard,
Mission Row,
Morningwood,
Mount Chiliad,
Mount Gordo,
Mount Josiah,
Murrieta Heights,
NOOSE Headquarters
Zone G
North Chumash,
North Point,
Pacific Bluffs,
Paleto Bay,
Paleto Cove,
Paleto Forest,
Palmer-Taylor Power Station,
Palomino Highlands,
Pillbox Hill,
Port of Los Santos
Zone H
Procopio Beach,
Puerto Del Sol,
Rancho,
Raton Canyon,
Redwood Lights Track,
Richman,
Richman Glen,
Rockford Hills,
RON Alternates Wind Farm,
San Chianski Mountain Range
Zone I
Sandy Shores,
Sisyphus Theater,
South Los Santos,
Stab City,
Strawberry,
Tataviam Mountains,
Terminal,
Textile City,
Tongva Hills,
Tongva Valley
Zone J
Vespucci,
Vespucci Beach,
Vespucci Canals,
Vinewood,
Vinewood Bowl,
Vinewood Hills,
Vinewood Racetrack,
West Vinewood,
Zancudo River


6. EV Infrastructure Designer¶
The EV Infrastructure Designer is the user-interface (UI) for inputting the location, type, count etc. details about the prospective charging stations. After logging in by providing email-id and password, the user is greeted with Fig. 6.1.
6.1. Live Demo¶
Click here to access the live demo of EVI Designer.
6.2. UI Details¶
The key elements of the EV Infrastructure Designer are as under:
6.2.1. Washington State DCFC Network¶
The “Washington State DCFC Network” card shows the WSDOT road network overlayed with the infeasibility metric for CHAdeMO and COMBO charging alongwith the as-built EV DCFC infrastructure - selectable from the radio buttons on the upper right corner as in Fig. 6.2 . Besides the infeasibility overlay, the radio buttons also show the relevant type of charging stations on the road network. These locations are consistent with the database table built_evse
.
The infeasibility metric is an indication of sparsity of EV infrastrastructure on a path. A count is calculated for the total vehicle trips passing over a road segment belonging to a shortest path between an OD pair if the spacing between charging stations on the segment is greater than 70 miles (critical limit specified by WSDOT). The line weight of the overlay is directly proportional to the trip count passing over a segment. So, a thick overlay can mean that a high count of vehicles are passing over the segment. The low line weight indicates light traffic on the segment. The former indicates that the road segment is used by several OD pairs in the state, whereas the later indicates the vice-versa. No line weight on the roads mean that the charging station spacing on the segment is less than 70 miles. There are separate overlays for CHAdeMO and COMBO charging stations as not all charging stations feature both types of plugs.
The checkbox called “Buffer” toggles the display of a buffer around the road network. This buffer spans a length of 10 miles around the roads, and represent the feasible area for the location of prospective charging stations. The length of 10 miles is an indicator of the willing of an EV driver to divert from the road to charge.
Fig. 6.2 shows a selected charger location with a marker. The UI will only allow charger placement in the buffer region around the roads and the successful click results in a marker as shown. As many charging station locations can be picked as desired.
6.2.2. New Site List¶
The New Site List card lists all the chosen sites with options to configure or cancel the selection as shown in Fig. 6.3.
For all the selected locations, configuration can be done as shown in Fig. 6.4.
The station configuration modal allows the setting of number of plugs for DCFC and Level-2 as well as the corresponding power per plug and pricing structure. Total price can include charging price and parking price. For both parking and charging, there could be a fixed component (per session )and variable (per minute) component.
Once satisfactory counts of charging stations with appropriate configuration have been selected, the selection can be submitted for analysis by clicking the “Submit for analysis” button. This will insert a record in the database table analysis_record
, which will trigger an analysis request to the simulation manager. A successful analysis submission will also insert rows in the table new_evses
for the respective analysis_id
. As many rows as the number of charging sites selected will be entered with the columns like plug count, power, price etc. as per the individual configuration.
Note
The user can bring down the count of plugs all the way to zero. When DCFC plug count is set to zero for all new charging stations, the analysis is equivalent to the as-built scenario. This, therefore, is the way to get to the base-case analysis and the new charging station deployment scenarios can be compared against the base-case.
The New Site List card then displays a successful analysis submission message with the submission date time as shown in Fig. 6.5. Since the analysis process involving re-calculation of destination chargers, charging distances, EV trips and subsequent agent-based simulation is a computationally-intensive long process, taking several hours at the time of this writing, the user is informed about the successful completion of analysis via an email at the registered email address. The results can then be viewed for the particular simulation date time of interest.
6.3. Implementation Details¶
The EV Infrastructure Designer is a web-app with an R Shiny backend. The code is hosted in the Github repo - ev_infrastructure_designer.
6.3.1. User Identity¶
Auth0 is used for user-identity management. It allows for authentication across devices and browsers using custom email/password as well as several external authentication services like Google, Github etc. allowing of easy sign-on. The integration of Auth0 with the R Shiny app was facilitated by the R package auth0 that implements the Auth0 API in R.
6.3.2. Environment Variables¶
The application depends on several environment variables. A template .Renviron
file is here. The AUTH0*
variables allow access to AUTH0. The AFDC API key allows access to the information about charging stations. MAPBOX_ACCESS_TOKEN
allows access to the MapBox service that is responsible for the map tiles. The variables MAIN*
are related to the database. The database environment variables have to be consistent across the EV Infrastructure Designer, Results Viewer and Simulation Manager, so they all access the same database.


Created: 14/02/2020
By: _boomchart
Email: supportboomchart.com.ng
Thank you for purchasing my script. If you have any questions that are beyond the scope of this help file, please feel free to email me.

Thanks so much!
Make sure you have the following:
Make sure you have a mysql database already created, and also make sure that the database schema have already been imported.
First, let us say that in your hosting server, you have current /public_html/ directory, which is accessible publicly via web domain, for example:
/home/hosting-user/public_html/
Now open the /public_html/ directory in your server and upload the script.zip file downloaded from your purshase download page and unzip it.
At this point, you can find a ".env" file in the /public_html/ directory, if not, make sure the option to see hidden files is enabled on your hosting server.
Open the "public_html/.env" file and edit the database information , APP_NAME, APP_URL, and email information.
APP_NAME= fintech
APP_ENV=local
APP_KEY=base64:NY0K0NvBZJKYObAyHI9v90CyQBKFxA8+1rWqETYoAEQ=
APP_DEBUG=true
APP_LOG_LEVEL=debug
APP_URL=http://your-domain.com
DB_CONNECTION=mysql
DB_HOST=<IP_ADDRESS>
DB_PORT=3306
DB_DATABASE=Your database name
DB_USERNAME=Your database user
DB_PASSWORD=Your database password
BROADCAST_DRIVER=log
CACHE_DRIVER=file
SESSION_DRIVER=file
QUEUE_DRIVER=sync
REDIS_HOST=<IP_ADDRESS>
REDIS_PASSWORD=null
REDIS_PORT=6379
MAIL_DRIVER=smtp
MAIL_HOST=smtp.mailtrap.io
MAIL_PORT=2525
MAIL_USERNAME=null
MAIL_PASSWORD=null
MAIL_ENCRYPTION=null
PUSHER_APP_ID=
PUSHER_APP_KEY=
PUSHER_APP_SECRET=
At this point, you can see that the site is accessible to the web, via http://yourdomain.com/ right?
Now, back to your website go to http://your-domain.com/admin
Now default username & password is admin & 1234.


LOTTO CANARY
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7 teachers at a Kansas elementary school were pregnant at the same time, and the babies just met for an adorable photo
by Frank Olito- Seven out of 15 teachers at Oak Street Elementary in Kansas have given birth to eight babies in eight months.
- Back in March, the school made headlines when it announced the teachers were all pregnant at the same time.
- The mothers brought all eight of the babies together for a group photo in the hallway of Oak Street Elementary.

- Visit Insider’s homepage for more stories.
An elementary school in Kansas is making headlines again after half of its teachers gave birth in a span of eight months.
In March, Oak Street Elementary announced that seven out of the school’s 15 teachers were pregnant. One of the women was even expecting twins. Through October, the teachers gave birth one by one, and in November the school announced that the mothers had welcomed a total of eight healthy babies.
Last week, most of the mothers returned to teaching from maternity leave and they brought the six girls and two boys together for the first time. They took an adorable photo of the babies in the Oak Street hallway.
“We always felt like Oak Street Elementary was like a little family,” Kelli Jo Sheahon, one of the teachers who had twin girls in September, said. “But this just adds another element. We’re really sharing our personal families with one another, communicating with one another, and helping each other out. We are sharing a more intimate part of our lives with our co-workers.”
The mothers said they have a group chat where they help each other out by offering tips and advice.
“When we need advice, we are the first people that we turn to,” said Tara Johnson, another teacher who had a girl in March.
Sheahon said some of the other mothers even gave her baby clothes when their kids grew out of them.
Behind the scenes, Principal Ashley Miller has been coordinating maternity leaves for several months, having past teachers and principals come out of retirement to substitute for the mothers.
Although it has been a “crazy ride” for Miller, she’s happy it all worked out.
“I did breathe a sigh of relief when the last babies were born and were healthy,” Miller told Insider. “We were really blessed that all the moms and all the babies were healthy.”
The teachers have become celebrities in their community, known as the “Oak Street mommas,” but the mothers said they are focusing on raising their children and looking forward to the future.
“I think in a few years when they all start school, it’ll be really fun to watch them grow up together,” Miller said.


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Certified B Corp + PBC Press Release
Certified Positive Discipline Parent Educator (CPDPE)
微信公众号：快乐PD妈（二维码）
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: November 17, 2014
AltSchool Continues to Innovate Progressive Education Model
Educational Startup Officially Converts to Public Benefit Corporation and Certified B Corporation
SAN FRANCISCO, CA., November 17, 2014: AltSchool is proud to announce becoming both a Certified B Corporation and a PBC, a public benefit corporation. AltSchool is building a network of micro-schools powered by its innovative technology platform that enables teachers to deliver a personalized learning experience for all children. By voluntarily setting high standards for social contribution, environmental responsibility and accountability to a greater good, AltSchool is distinguishing itself within the education sector and modeling a better way to do business for its students and families.
By becoming a B Corporation, AltSchool has made a commitment not only to be one of the best educational companies in the world, but to be the best for the world. Certified B Corporations are legally required to consider the impact of their decisions not only on their shareholders, but also on their stakeholders, which for AltSchool means students, parents, and educators. In becoming a B Corp, AltSchool is honored to join companies including Patagonia, Seventh Generation, Method, Ben & Jerry’s, Warby Parker, and Etsy.
Jay Coen Gilbert, Cofounder B Lab shares, "AltSchool represents the kind of purpose-driven innovation sorely needed in education. As for-profit businesses get into the education space, it is important that they meet the highest third party standards of performance, transparency, and legal accountability to meet the needs of all their stakeholders, not just their shareholders." As a public benefit corporation, AltSchool will also create an annual benefit report that assesses its overall social and environmental performance against a third party standard.
Max Ventilla, Founder and CEO of AltSchool, comments, “AltSchool was created to advance innovation in education and to improve access to quality schooling. Becoming a Certified B Corporation and a Public Benefit Corporation helps codify and support our mission. In AltSchool's case, delivering a broad social impact goes hand-in-hand with creating a large and thriving business.” AltSchool’s investors provided unanimous support for the conversion to a public benefit corporation as well as a Certified B Corporation. “The greatest companies of our time, the best businesses are founded and built by missionaries, not mercenaries,” says John Doerr, partner at Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers and an AltSchool investor.
“AltSchool is on a noble, sustainable mission to create longterm social value."
AltSchool micro-school network has four locations within the city of San Francisco and is opening new locations in Brooklyn and beyond for Fall 2015.
About AltSchool
AltSchool is reimagining K-8 education from the ground up to achieve its mission of helping all children reach their full potential. AltSchool’s world-class team of educators, entrepreneurs, and technologists is working together to build a network of micro-schools that offer personalized, child-centered learning experiences. Founded in 2013 by technology entrepreneur and parent Max Ventilla and headquartered in San Francisco, AltSchool is backed by Founders Fund, Andreessen Horowitz, First Round Capital, Harrison Metal, John Doerr, Jonathan Sackler, Learn Capital, Omidyar Network, and other leading investors. AltSchool currently operates schools in San Francisco and will be expanding to Brooklyn and other locations Fall 2015. More information is available at www.altschool.com.
About B Corp
Certified B Corporations meet rigorous standards of social and environmental performance, legally expand their corporate responsibilities to include consideration of stakeholder interests, and build collective voice through the power of the unifying B Corporation brand. As of June 2014, there are more than 1,000 Certified B Corporations from over 60 industries and 34 countries, representing a diverse multi-billion dollar marketplace.
正面管教（PD）应用于自闭症（Autism）儿童
About B Lab
B Lab is a nonprofit organization that serves a global movement to redefine success in business so that all companies compete not only to be the best in the world, but the best for the world. B Lab drives this systemic change through a number of interrelated initiative: 1) building a community of Certified B Corporations to make it easier for all of us to tell the difference between “good companies” and good marketing; 2) passing legislation to accelerate growth of social entrepreneurship and impact investing (24 states have already passed benefit corporation legislation); 3) developing B Analytics, a customizable platform for measuring, benchmarking, and reporting on impact 4) providing free, powerful tools for businesses to measure, compare and improve their social and environmental performance (more than 15,000 businesses use B Lab’s free B Impact Assessment).
您也可以 先下载一个应用程序（App），有空再慢慢看。
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A data stream, with low-level (not-endian safe) read/write functions.
More...
#include <dashel.h>
|
|
| Stream (const std::string &protocolName) |
| | Constructor.
|
| |
|
virtual | ~Stream () |
| | Virtual destructor, to ensure calls to destructors of sub-classes.
|
| |
A data stream, with low-level (not-endian safe) read/write functions.
Set stream to failed state.
- Parameters
-
| s | Source of failure |
| se | System error code |
| reason | The logical reason as a human readable string. |
| bool Dashel::Stream::failed |
( |
| ) |
const |
|
inline |
Query failed state of stream.
- Returns
- true if stream has failed.
| virtual void Dashel::Stream::flush |
( |
| ) |
|
|
pure virtual |
Flushes stream.
Calling this function requests the stream to be flushed, this may ensure that data is written to physical media or actually sent over a wire. The exact performed function depends on the stream type and operating system.
| const std::string& Dashel::Stream::getFailReason |
( |
| ) |
const |
|
inline |
Returns the reason the stream has failed.
- Returns
- the reason the stream has failed, or an empty string if fail() is false.
Returns the target description.
- Returns
- The set of parameters describing this target
| std::string Dashel::Stream::getTargetName |
( |
| ) |
const |
|
inline |
Returns the name of the target.
The name of the target contains all parameters and the protocol name.
- Returns
- Name of the target
References Dashel::ParameterSet::getString().
| const std::string& Dashel::Stream::getTargetParameter |
( |
const char * |
param | ) |
const |
|
inline |
Returns the value of a parameter extracted from the target.
- Parameters
-
| param | the name of the parameter |
- Returns
- A string containing the parameter.
References Dashel::ParameterSet::get().
| virtual void Dashel::Stream::read |
( |
void * |
data, |
|
|
size_t |
size |
|
) |
| |
|
pure virtual |
Reads data from the stream.
Reads all requested data from the stream, blocking until all the data has been read, or some error occurs. Errors are signaled by throwing a DashelException exception, which may be caused either by device errors or reaching the end of file.
- Parameters
-
| data | Pointer to the memory where the read data should be stored. |
| size | Amount of data to read in bytes. |
template<typename T >
| T Dashel::Stream::read |
( |
| ) |
|
|
inline |
Read a variable of basic type from the stream.
This function does not perform any endian conversion.
- Returns
- variable to read.
| virtual void Dashel::Stream::write |
( |
const void * |
data, |
|
|
const size_t |
size |
|
) |
| |
|
pure virtual |
Write data to the stream.
Writes all requested data to the stream, blocking until all the data has been written, or some error occurs. Errors are signaled by throwing a DashelException exception. This function does not flush devices, therefore the data may not really have been written on return, but only been buffered. In order to flush the stream, call flush().
- Parameters
-
| data | Pointer to the data to write. |
| size | Amount of data to write in bytes. |
template<typename T >
| void Dashel::Stream::write |
( |
T |
v | ) |
|
|
inline |
Write a variable of basic type to the stream.
This function does not perform any endian conversion.
- Parameters
-
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:


Module pyatv.conf
Configuration used when connecting to a device.
A configuration describes a device, e.g. it's name, IP address and credentials. It is possible to manually create a configuration, but generally scanning for devices will provide configurations for you.
Classes
class AirPlayService (identifier: Optional[str], port: int = 7000, credentials: Optional[str] = None, properties: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None)
-
Representation of an AirPlay service.
DEPRECATED: Use
ManualService
instead.Initialize a new AirPlayService.
Ancestors
- ManualService
- BaseService
- abc.ABC
Inherited members
class AppleTV (address: ipaddress.IPv4Address, name: str, deep_sleep: bool = False, properties: Optional[Mapping[str, Mapping[str, str]]] = None, device_info: Optional[DeviceInfo] = None)
-
Representation of a device configuration.
An instance of this class represents a single device. A device can have several services depending on the protocols it supports, e.g. DMAP or AirPlay.
Initialize a new AppleTV.
Ancestors
- BaseConfig
- abc.ABC
Inherited members
class CompanionService (port: int, credentials: Optional[str] = None, properties: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None)
-
Representation of a Companion link service.
DEPRECATED: Use
ManualService
instead.Initialize a new CompaniomService.
Ancestors
- ManualService
- BaseService
- abc.ABC
Inherited members
class DmapService (identifier: Optional[str], credentials: Optional[str], port: int = 3689, properties: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None)
-
Representation of a DMAP service.
DEPRECATED: Use
ManualService
instead.Initialize a new DmapService.
Ancestors
- ManualService
- BaseService
- abc.ABC
Inherited members
class ManualService (identifier: Optional[str], protocol: Protocol, port: int, properties: Optional[Mapping[str, str]], credentials: Optional[str] = None, password: Optional[str] = None, requires_password: bool = False, pairing_requirement: PairingRequirement = PairingRequirement.Unsupported, enabled: bool = True)
-
Service used when manually creating and adding a service.
Initialize a new ManualService.
Ancestors
- BaseService
- abc.ABC
Subclasses
Inherited members
class MrpService (identifier: Optional[str], port: int, credentials: Optional[str] = None, properties: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None)
-
Representation of a MediaRemote Protocol (MRP) service.
DEPRECATED: Use
ManualService
instead.Initialize a new MrpService.
Ancestors
- ManualService
- BaseService
- abc.ABC
Inherited members
class RaopService (identifier: Optional[str], port: int = 7000, credentials: Optional[str] = None, password: Optional[str] = None, properties: Optional[Mapping[str, str]] = None)
-
Representation of an RAOP service.
DEPRECATED: Use
ManualService
instead.Initialize a new RaopService.
Ancestors
- ManualService
- BaseService
- abc.ABC
Inherited members


This demo uses CloudCache to store session data. To login use user as username and password as Password.


§484-21 Uniformity of interpretation. This chapter shall be so construed as to effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law of those states which enact it. [L 1967, c 223, §21; HRS §484-21]


+++ title = "Discoteca at Valladolid" slug = "discoteca-at-valladolid" date = 2007-03-02T17:00:00+10:00 tags = ["disco", "locals", "exhiliration"] locations = ["mexico/valladolid"] draft = false summary = """
I wasn't expecting much for Friday night in Valladolid, but it turns out that this sleepy little town knows how to party on the dance floor. Dave from NYC and I went to check out the local disco, and it ended up being a big, loud night. Music pumping. Ladies bumping. Cervezas coming.
""" +++I wasn't expecting much for Friday night in Valladolid, but it turns out that this sleepy little town knows how to party on the dance floor. Dave from NYC and I went to check out the local disco, and it ended up being a big, loud night. Music pumping. Ladies bumping. Cervezas coming.
It was quite amazing to observe a transition that occurred during our time at this club. Most of the time, they were pumping out heavy American dance music, and not everyone was really into it. But towards the end, they switched into more classic Mexican songs, and then everyone was on the dance floor, hopping around like it was a country barn dance.
I guess it's a bit like when they play "YMCA" or "Staying Alive" at the end of the night in Australia: everyone knows it, and everyone wants to go out with a bang. So everyone dances.


I'm an engineer working in the domains of Distributed Computing, Secure Systems Design, Data Architecture,
Enterprise Security, Identity & Access Management (IAM) and SSO.
I'm passionate about designing secure, high performance, scalable, real-time distributed systems.
Threat modelling, security audit, penetration testing and design review is my day-to-day work.
I design and develop non-blocking event-driven systems, distributed clusters & cache layers,
Service-Oriented-Architecture (SOA), microservices and Message-Driven-Middlewares (MDMs).
I work on Enterprise Security (AAA) and SSO solutions like LDAP, SAML SSO, SPNEGO Kerberos, NTLM, X.509
Certificate Authentication and OAuth + OpenID Connect.
I've developed a custom Data Access Layer (including a custom ORM) and data migration and
rule-based data transformation engines.
Develop Enterprise Security and SSO solutions for eQ Technologic product - eQube Platform. Work on
Security-as-a-Service with authentication and
authorization solutions like LDAP Authentication, SAML SSO (SP + IdP), X.509 Certificate Authentication,
SPNEGO Kerberos, NTLM, Database Authentication
and Role-based authorization.
Involved in developing custom auditing and accounting framework and the Data Access Layer (DAL) + ORM for
eQube Platform. Also developed a rule-based data transformation
and migration engine as a part of the DAL, for automating the process of shifting data across schema,
products and different product versions.
TCS Digital project internship - Developed parts of data ingestion (ETL) and processing architectures using Hadoop (HDFS + MapReduce), Hive, Pig and other integration frameworks. Created data dashboard back-end on Servlet stack.
Focus on Systems Design, DBMS, Applications Architecture and Analytics
PCM + CS - ISC Aggregate: 94.5%
| Address | 26/41, Kaipukur Lane, Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal, India | |
|---|---|---|
| Pincode | 711102 | |
| Landmark | Nabanna and Kaipukur Rickshaw Stand |


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Russia hands out passports to 125,000 residents of rebel-held east Ukraine
MOSCOW (Reuters) - Russia has issued passports to 125,000 residents of rebel-held eastern Ukraine, Russia’s interior minister said on Monday, deepening Moscow’s ties with the separatist region even as it begins talks with Kiev aimed at ending the conflict.
President Vladimir Putin in April simplified the procedure for residents of pro-Russian, separatist-held Ukraine to obtain Russians passports, prompting Kiev to call on the West to target Moscow with new international sanctions.
More than 160,000 residents of rebel-held Ukraine have applied for Russian passports, of which 125,000 have received them, Interior Minister Vladimir Kolokoltsev was quoted as saying by TASS news agency.
President Vladimir Putin arrived in Paris on Monday to hold talks on the conflict in eastern Ukraine with the leaders of Ukraine, Germany and France. It is the first time the leaders have met for such a summit in three years.
They are expected to push for a ceasefire in the conflict, which has lasted more than five years and killed over 13,000 people. But the prospects of a breakthrough remain bleak, diplomats say.
Kiev accuses Moscow of waging an undeclared war in eastern Ukraine, supplying troops and heavy weapons to the Donbass region. Russia denies that and says the conflict is a civil war.


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pulsar
Table of Contents
-
Module Description - What the module does and why it is useful
-
Reference - An under-the-hood peek at what the module is doing and how
Module Description
This module installs, configures and manages pulsar, an add-on to Galaxy.
For more information on pulsar and the capabilities it provides, please see pulsar.readthedocs.io/en/latest/.
Galaxy is an open web-based platform for accessible, reproducible, and transparent computational biomedical research.
This module uses Puppet 4 data types as well as providing puppet data in the module. It will not work with puppet versions earlier than 4.7, and is currently written to support CentOS/RHEL 7. Other operating systems will be added as time permits.
This module relies on the stankevich/python python module for installation of pip, pulsar-app, and other packages. By default, the management of python is disabled in the pulsar module.
For pulsar to properly install using the git repository as opposed to the pip package, git will need to be managed either with this module (leveraging the puppetlabs/git module) or a different method or module.
For pulsar to properly startup, gcc needs to be present as pulsar installs dependencies into the application directory that require compilation. The gcc installation can be managed with either this module (leveraging the puppetlabs/gcc module) or a different method or module.
By default, the /etc/supervisor/conf.d/pulsar.conf
file is
managed by the pulsar module as it assumes that the
millerjl1701/supervisord module is being used. If you are a different
module or method for supervisord, the management of this file can be
disabled.
Setup
What pulsar affects
-
Packages (by default)
-
pulsar-app (via pip)
-
gcc
-
git
-
python-dev
-
python2-pip
-
python-virtualenv.
-
-
Files
-
/etc/supervisor/conf.d/pulsar.conf
-
/opt/pulsar
-
/opt/pulsar/app.yml
-
/opt/pulsar/local_env.sh
-
/opt/pulsar/requirements.txt
-
/opt/pulsar/run.sh
-
/opt/pulsar/server.ini
-
/opt/pulsar/venv
-
/var/log/pulsar
-
-
Services
-
pulsar (as a supervisord program)
-
Setup Requirements
This module depends on the following puppet modules:
The stahnma-epel module is listed in the metadata.json file as a dependency as well, since stankevich-python lists it as a dependency. A parameter for this module is provided to disable the use of epel for package installation should you be using yumrepo resources or Spacewalk package management instead.
The supervisord program is expected to be utlilized for the management of the pulsar service. This module does not manage or configuration of the supervisord service. The acceptance tests rely on the millerjl1701/supervisord puppet module for supervisord installation and configuration. If you are using a different method, the supervisord pulsar.conf file management can be disabled.
Beginning with pulsar
Assuming that the prerequisites are met (supervisord, python and gcc.
potentially git), include pulsar
is all that is needed to
install, configure, and start up a pulsar server listening to port
localhost:8913.
Usage
Installation of pulsar and all needed dependencies with puppet manifest
class { 'pulsar':
manage_gcc => true,
manage_git => true,
manage_python => true,
}
Installation of pulsar and all needed dependencies using hiera
---
pulsar::manage_python: true
pulsar::manage_gcc: true
pulsar::manage_git: true
Reference
Generated puppet strings documentation with examples is available from millerjl1701.github.io/millerjl1701-pulsar.
The puppet strings documentation is also included in the /docs folder.
Public Classes
-
pulsar: Main class which installs and configures the pulsar service. Parameters may be passed via class declaration or hiera.
Private Classes
-
pulsar::config: Class for generating the configuration files for the pulsar server.
-
pulsar::gcc: Class for installing gcc for use by pulsar.
-
pulsar::git: Class for installing git for use by pulsar.
-
pulsar::install: Class for installing the pulsar server.
-
pulsar::python: Class for installing and configuring python for use by pulsar.
-
pulsar::service: Class for managing the pulsar service.
Limitations
This module is currently written for CentOS/RHEL 7 only. Other operating systems will be added as time permits (unless someone submits a PR first. :)
No validation of the server.ini file is performed to check what settings have been added. Passing appropriate parameters and values are left as an exercise for the reader.
Development
Please see the CONTRIBUTING document for information on how to get started developing code and submit a pull request for this module. While written in an opinionated fashion at the start, over time this can become less and less the case.
Contributors
To see who is involved with this module, see the GitHub list of contributors or the CONTRIBUTORS document.
Credits
Since this module is designed primarily for the management of Galaxy processes, the Galaxy Project Administration Training repository was used heavily to guide how pulsar is configured and used in complex environments. The GalaxyProject ansible galaxy runbooks and use galaxy runbooks were also referenced in order to grok the needed pieces installed and configured more efficiently. Thank you to all the instructors and contriibutors past and present who have developed and published these materials.


If you need better control of column width, use the row classes spanX, where X is the number of columns (span2, span4 etc.).
spanX


---
layout: post
title: Age of innocence is over
date: '2008-05-09T02:13:00.000-07:00'
author: Jason R. Coombs
tags:
- laserjet 9100 goatse goatsex innocence
modified_time: '2011-07-17T13:45:34.470-07:00'
blogger_id: tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3597351713969111277.post-6006852463438910104
blogger_orig_url: http://blog.jaraco.com/2008/05/age-of-innocence-is-over.html
---
This morning, my printer was goatse'd.
(link no longer available)
I guess I can't just leave port 9100 open to the world anymore. I had for the past 5 years with minimal problems. That meant I could print from anywhere, and when I got home, the printout would be waiting for me.
I'll probably open it back up again later, perhaps with some gerry-rigged authentication.


A battery operated machine to do weeding.
A battery operated vehicle to do spraying.
A Semi-automous machine that picks cotton using image processing and AI.
A start-up working on developing AI powered agri equipments.
Our mission is to solve the labour scarcity problem and to reduce the expenditure of farmers.
Our vision is making the farming easier.
Copyright © 2017.All Rights Reserved.Enjen Designed By Enjen


Technology
Apple complies with US data demands
Apple's transparency reports show it consistently complies with a greater-than-average proportion of information requests from US authorities
1 hour ago Technology
FBI not asking for Apple 'back door'
Apple's transparency reports show it consistently complies with a greater-than-average proportion of information requests from US authorities
1 hour ago Technology
FBI not asking for Apple 'back door'
Shakespeare's plays go virtual in new game
19 April 2016 Magazine
19 April 2016 Technology
Tech helps to teach Malawi's children
18 April 2016 Technology


QUALITY FOODS
Because we CARE.
"We give you the best food with best taste thats not only taste but hygienic too because hastag food also hashtag cares!!"
Welcome to our world
Our dear hashtag foodies !!
Choose from a wide array of Options for your Hunger!
The food is delicious! The food has a great blend of spices along with the best services . And it makes a cute cheap date!
The customer reviews are our wealth.we work on the reviews we get to serve and treat you belly to the best . This is all about the hashtag Foodie . Because we care for your hunger.
Our History of 30 years cherish the quality and the taste we have delivered to people across the cities and love for the food and taste is our asset.


TLDR: Foremostly, I would like to apologize to each near and dear one for my post about overspeeding and especially my careless behaviour. I just want to mention that it is not my habit nor my passion, my only thoughts were only to check once in my life whether this old car of ours has power to please me. Unfortunately my family and children were sitting with me as well. Which is not only dangerous but also something really bad to do infront of children. In essence, thank you all for your concern, dear all and especially those who may look towards me as aspirations, i am really sorry for letting you down and making such a bad act in first place and more sorry for posting it. Keep yourself safe and in service of all humans, plants and animals alike. Be careful and take care of others around you.


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I used JavaScript for the first time this week (woo!). This post will be about JavaScript, the programming language, and how it differs in syntax and useability from a few other languages.
I first learned how to program in high school. The year was 2007 and the language was Visual Basic. To me, it was a simple, easy to use, easy to learn language. In college I learned C, along with the basics of computer organization and machine languages. When I began Dev Bootcamp, I learned Ruby. Ruby blew my mind (if you’ll pardon the cliché). So intuitive, so simple, so powerful - Ruby was a joy to use. It was at this point in my education that I was introduced to JavaScript. I expected that it would be just as strange and wonderful as Ruby, and boy was I wrong! JavaScript shares many syntactical similarities with Ruby, but it doesn’t behave like I now expect a programming language to behave.
Arrays
One of the first things I found myself struggling with in JavaScript was array comparison. A simple [1,2,3] == [1,2,3]
evaluates to false. Comparison in JavaScript, come to find, is really quite messy. There’s even extra comparator operators (===
and !==
). The solution to array comparison is to write your own comparison function. I took this one from the internet and modified it for my own purposes.
Important to note - in Ruby, <<
works to append elements to an array. In JavaScript, you must use the push()
method.
Functions
In Ruby, a function is declared like so:
def HelloWorld()
puts "Hello, World!"
end
HelloWorld() # <-- "Hello, World!"
In JavaScript, it’s a bit weirder.
Javascript has three ways of defining functions: declaration, expression, and construction. It actually has more than three, but these are the most commonly used.
Function Declaration
Uses the ‘function’ keyword, can be called from anywhere in the code (even above the declaration), DO NOT put into any loops or conditionals. Function declarations are intended to be separate from the logical flow of the program at runtime. Function declarations do not need a semicolon, but using one is harmless.
// Function Declaration Example //
function helloWorld() {
console.log("Hello, World!");
}
helloWorld() // <-- "Hello, World!"
var storage = helloWorld();
console.log(storage) // <-- "Hello, World!"
Function Expression
Creates a ‘nameless’ function, evaluated at runtime, end with a semicolon like all other expressions.
// Function Expression Example //
var some_variable = function() {
console.log("Pass me to variables, I don't have a name on my own.");
};
some_variable() // <-- "Pass me to variables, I don't have a name on my own."
Function Constructor
This one gave me the most trouble this week. It’s a function declaration that uses the ‘this’ method to list properties, and is called with the ‘new’ keyword. Using functions in this way allows for multiple instances of the same function, much like Ruby class objects.
// Function Constructor Example //
function messageTranslator() {
this.message = "Hello, Sweetie.";
};
var read_this = new messageTranslator()
console.log(read_this.message); // <-- "Hello, Sweetie."
The difference between function declarations and function constructors is minimal. I’m by no means an experienced JavaSript programmer, but I have a feeling that the subtle difference in useage lead to significant design differences. Either that, or a function constructor IS a function declaration, just with extra useage. I will update once I learn more. Check out Eloquent JavaScript, by Marijn Haverbeke for more information.


module SycLink::LinkChecker
Methods to check links for availability. A link may be an URI or a file
Methods to check links for availability. A link may be an URI or a file
Public Instance Methods
response()
click to toggle source
Checks whether a link is reachable. If so code '200' is returned otherwise 'Error' response expects that the including class has an attribute 'url'
# File lib/syclink/link_checker.rb, line 12 def response uri = to_uri(url) uri ? response_of_uri(uri) : response_of_file(url) end
response_of_file(file)
click to toggle source
Checks whether a file exists. If so it returns '200' otherwise 'error'
# File lib/syclink/link_checker.rb, line 31 def response_of_file(file) File.exists?(file) ? "200" : "Error" end
response_of_uri(uri)
click to toggle source
Checks whether the uri is reachable. If so it returns '200' otherwise 'Error'. uri has to have a host, that is uri.host should not be nil
# File lib/syclink/link_checker.rb, line 19 def response_of_uri(uri) begin Net::HTTP.start(uri.host, uri.port) do |http| http.head(uri.path.size > 0 ? uri.path : "/").code end rescue Exception => e "Error" end end
to_uri(url)
click to toggle source
Transforms an URL (String) to an URI. If URL is not valid false is returned
# File lib/syclink/link_checker.rb, line 37 def to_uri(url) uri = URI.parse(url) uri.host.nil? ? false : uri rescue URI::BadURIError false rescue URI::InvalidURIError false end


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Here and De Búrca Enterprises we have a three pronged goal. We want to educate and inform the all generations about technological advances. We will promote the uses of technologies such as blockchain. Finally we will show that the new way for a business to survive is to create value through new technology. We follow this approach in the hope the we can help and improve the world of technology, and if we do not change the world we will spark the mind that does.