Symmetric
Asymmetric
Keyspace: number of possible keys
Hash: some cryptographicly secure hash function
Hashes turn an arbitrary number of bytes into a fixed amount of bytes
Shannon's Maxim
The One Time Pad
Pre-Shared Keys
Theoretically breakable but practically impossible
Intractable problems
One way functions
Securely exchange keys over an untrusted channel for the first time ever *
No pre-shared keys
* The British did it in 1969 secretlyLike Clockwork
denoted with % or mod
12 + 4 mod 12 = 4
10 + 1 mod 12 = 11
Lets us create finite cyclic spaces
Collection of numbers upon which a binary operation is defined
Operation must satisfy:
Order: number of numbers in the group
Generator: number in the group capable of generating the entire group using group operation
Easy to make: mod by some prime p
Elements are between 0 and p
Union of groups under p
Provides discrete space for our operations
p = someprime(2 ** 3072) # public prime modulus
g = primitive_root(p) # public base
a = randrange(2 ** 256) # known only to Alice
b = randrange(2 ** 256) # known only to Bob
A = pow(g, a, p) # Alice's public key
B = pow(g, b, p) # Bob's public key
shared_secret_bob = pow(A, b, p)
shared_secret_alice = pow(B, a, p)
Diffie-Hellman problem:
Given a public diffie-hellman tuple (g, p, A, B), solve for exponents a or b
Intractable (or so it seems...)
New trap door function
Focused on intractability of factoring
We take some non-zero number, a, over a prime field and find some number b, which when multiplied by a equals 1
b is the modular multiplicative inverse of a over prime field p
We can't take the inverse relative to n, because n is public
We need something private based on the secrecy of p and q
Phi counts the numbers up to p that are coprime to it
p = someprime(2 ** 2048)
q = someprime(2 ** 2048)
n = p * q # public composite modulus
phi = (p - 1) * (q - 1) # phi of a prime p is p - 1
public_key = 65537 # small prime for fast encryption/verification
private_key = mod_inv(public_key, phi) # modular inverse, very big number
encryption = lambda m: pow(m, public_key, n)
decryption = lambda c: pow(c, private_key, n)
Another esoteric field made surprisingly practical
ECs are symmetric about the x-axis, meaning every element has an inverse
Identity element is a point at infinity (Projective Geometry)
Operations can be defined algebraicly as well as geometrically
n * P is P + P n times
Can be implemeneted using same technique as modular exponentiation
Runtime is the number of bits n has, O(lg(n))
SECG has recommended curves and parameters
No need to generate them ourselves
No runtime overhead as well
The Bitcoin curve
Generally believed to be free of NSA meddling
Koblitz curve, allows for about 30% faster verification than more standard curves.
curve = curves["secp256k1"]
order = curve.n
G = curve.g
bob_secret = randrange(1, order) # private
alice_secret = randrange(1, order) # private
alice_public_key = alice_secret * G
bob_public_key = bob_secret * G
shared_secret_bob = alice_public_key * bob_secret
shared_secret_alice = bob_public_key * alice_secret
Given a generator G and a point P
Find the integer k so that G * k = P
Smaller numbers, not faster operations
NFS has eroded RSA's strength
RSA still has fastest verification
In a mobile world, ECC will win
Pool: enough energy to boil an olympic size pool (~65 bits)
Global: enough energy to boil all water on Earth (~114 bits)
Universal: about as much mass-energy as there is in the observed universe (~256 bits)
At 256 bits, one would need a Dyson sphere occupying space around a supernova to get enough energy to test ~220 bits
"...brute-force attacks against 256-bit keys will be infeasible until computers are built from something other than matter and occupy something other than space."
-Bruce Schneier
Number of Qubits required for Shor's algorithm is 2n for RSA and 6n for ECC
where n is the modulus for RSA, and n is the order of the group on the curve for ECC
Ironically, RSA will be more secure in a Quantum future since n is much larger in RSA


Minimal message port interface required by this module for remote method invocation (RMI).
Covers the Web API as well as the NodeJS API.
Web Worker, ServiceWorker and MessagePort, as well as NoeJS Worker and parentPort
are assignment compatible with this interface.
Minimal message port interface required by this module for remote method invocation (RMI).
Covers the Web API as well as the NodeJS API. Web
Worker
,ServiceWorker
andMessagePort
, as well as NoeJSWorker
andparentPort
are assignment compatible with this interface.


Before Change
coverage = None
if "coverage" in attns:
coverage = attns["coverage"][-1].unsqueeze(0)
self.update_state(dec_state, output.unsqueeze(0), coverage)
// Concatenates sequence of tensors along a new dimension.
// NOTE: v0.3 to 0.4: dec_outs / attns[*] may not be list
After Change
// Update the state with the result.
if not isinstance(dec_state, tuple):
dec_state = (dec_state,)
self.state["hidden"] = dec_state
self.state["input_feed"] = dec_outs[-1].unsqueeze(0)
self.state["coverage"] = None
if "coverage" in attns:


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Register of title {{ title.number }}
This register was last changed on {{ title.last_changed | datetime}}
'.join(title.address_lines)|safe }} {% else %} Not Available {% endif %}
- Owner/Proprietor(s)
-
{% for proprietor in title.proprietors %}
{{ proprietor.name }}
{% endfor %}
Property details
Owner(s)
{% for proprietor in title.proprietors %}
{{ proprietor.name }}
{{ proprietor.address }}


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Given an array with n objects colored red, white or blue, sort them in-placeso that objects of the same color are adjacent, with the colors in the order red, white and blue.
Here, we will use the integers 0, 1, and 2 to represent the color red, white, and blue respectively.
Note: You are not suppose to use the library’s sort function for this problem.
Example:
Input: [2,0,2,1,1,0]
Output: [0,0,1,1,2,2]
Follow up:
One-pass algorithm.
Take the idea of the partition algorithm from quick sort. Use 1
as pivot.
Count the number of sorted 0
s and 2
s so that we know where to swap.
/**
* @param {number[]} nums
* @return {void} Do not return anything, modify nums in-place instead.
*/
var sortColors = function(nums) {
const len = nums.length
let zeroEnd = 0
let twoStart = len - 1
let i = 0
while (i <= twoStart) {
if (nums[i] === 0 && i !== zeroEnd) {
const t = nums[i]
nums[i] = nums[zeroEnd]
nums[zeroEnd] = t
zeroEnd++
} else if (nums[i] === 2 && i !== twoStart) {
const t = nums[i]
nums[i] = nums[twoStart]
nums[twoStart] = t
twoStart--
} else {
i++
}
}
};
Template generated via Leetmark.


First step
First of all, we wash the oranges well.
Then, peel and cut the peels into strips as thin as possible.
At this point, the segments of the orange are opened, the skin is removed and discarded. On the other hand, the pulp is conserved on the one hand and the possible seeds that the orange has, on the other.
Second step
Next, we mix the pulp extracted from the segments with the husk strips. When we obtain this mixture, we weigh it, and for each kg that we have obtained, we add two glasses of water. In addition, a glass of water is also added to the seeds.
From this moment, you must let the 'orange mass' rest for a day.
Third step
The next day, the water in the seeds will have gelled because the seeds release a substance called pectin, which will be responsible for thickening the jam. We add this in the mixture of husks and pulp.
The next step is to boil over high heat until the shell is tender, more or less for half an hour.
Fourth step
Then weigh the dough again and add one kg of sugar for each kg of 'orange dough', mix everything well and let it rest until the next day.
Fifth step
The next day, the dough is boiled over medium-high heat, moving continuously so that it does not stick (30-35 min), until the peels are almost transparent.
Sixth step
In hot, jam is stored in clean and dry jars. It is advisable to keep these jars in dark places covered with aluminum foil so that the jam does not darken.


// Keep track of the old ready statuses so we know if
// something changed
readyFlags = {}
for k, oslot in self.outputs.items():
readyFlags[k] = oslot.meta._ready
// All unconnected outputs are no longer ready
for oslot in self.outputs.values():
oslot.meta._ready &= (oslot.partner is not None)
// If the ready status changed, signal it.
if slot._optional:
return
newly_unready_slots = []
def setunready(s):
for ss in s._subSlots:
setunready(ss)
was_ready = s.meta._ready


Disney makes a bold move issuing content warning about 'outdated cultural depictions'
Cape Town – Disney's long-awaited streaming service launched in the US on Tuesday, 12 November.
Disney+ will feature brand new programmes like the new Star Wars series, The Mandalorian and classic shows and animated movies from their vault.
With the opening of their vault content, the company has issued a warning that some of the programmes have 'outdated cultural depictions'.
The company created a disclaimer that reads: "This program is presented as originally created. It may contain outdated cultural depictions."
According to CoverMedia, films such as Dumbo, Peter Pan and The Jungle Book contain this message.
Variety reports that before the movies mentioned above play, there is another message that reads:
"The cartoons you are about to see are products of their time. They may depict some of the ethnic and racial prejudices that were commonplace in American society. These depictions were wrong then and are wrong today. While these cartoons do not represent today's society, they are being presented as they were originally created, because to do otherwise would be the same as claiming these prejudices never existed."
The streaming service will, however, not be available in South Africa or anywhere else in Africa for at least two years.
Compiled by Leandra Engelbrecht (Sources: CoverMedia, Variety, Channel24).


Firn is old snow (> 1 year) and firn compaction is the process that turns snow into glacial ice. An understanding of firn compaction is vital for constraining past, present, and future climate. Changing firn compaction affects altimetry-based estimates of mass balance across glaciers and ice sheets, and changing firn thickness affects the amount of time air in the firn can mix with air in the atmosphere, which in turn affects the age difference between air in bubbles found in glacial ice, and the surrounding ice crystals.
My PhD work, under Dr. Jonny Kingslake, has focused primarily on using phase-sensitive radar to measure firn compaction and compare these measurements to firn models. In work that has been submitted for publication and presented at many conferences, we show good agreement between firn models and the compaction rates measured by phase-sensitive radar. In essence, this means the community has a new, lightweight, inexpensive way of measuring continuous firn compaction, which could help us understand both temporal changes in compaction rates, and the impacts of environmental variables like temperature and accumulation rates, on the compaction process.
Measured and modelled compaction velocities and densities from Fletcher Promontory (FP) and Skytrain Ice Rise (SIR). Left panels are from FP, and the right are from SIR, top panels are compaction velocities and bottom are densities. Yellow circles in the top panels are compaction velocities derived from pRES measurements using coincident cores. Uncertainties are derived by taking into account the signal-to-noise ratio of each englacial reflector used to computed vertical velocities and are represented by the width of the bar symbols. Grey circles in the bottom panels are ice-core measured densities. The dashed and solid lines show the model output, where the solid red lines are generated from a model tuned to pRES vertical velocities, and the dashed lines are generated from a model tuned to core densities.
The Juneau Icefield Research Program (JIRP) takes 30 high school, college, and postgraduates across the Juneau Icefield over 8 weeks in the summer season. Along the way, students learn about mountaineering, art and writing, and scientific research. I joined JIRP as a faculty instructor in 2018 and 2019, bringing phase-sensitive radars into the field to collect data about firn compaction on temperate glaciers, as well as taking firn cores and GPR measurements, collaborting with artist Hannah Perine Mode, and teaching students introductory glaciology.
Click to download a full version of this poster.
I am part of a newly funded NSF grant that will investigate the effects of temperature and overburden pressure on firn compaction. More info coming in 2021.


Lucas Foster
Check my posts!
Home
Classes vs IDs
Identity & Values
Learning Plan
Emotional Intelligence
JS Fundamentals
Neuroplasticity
Problem Solving
Foundations Reflections
Tea Sweeper!


All functions
|
|
add_word()
|
Copies characters of the word into the puzzle_array |
|
case()
|
Returns the word either without change of folded to upper case depending on
the second argument of class logical. |
|
collapse_word()
|
Returns the character vector collapsed into as a single character vector
element. |
|
expand_word()
|
Returns a list with each character from the word in seccessive list elements |
|
filter_out_bad_directions()
|
Returns a vector of directions that can be used
given the word size, the demensions of the puzzle, and the proposed list of
directions. |
|
find_words()
|
Prints out location for each word in a character vector |
|
form_puzzle_array()
|
Forms the empty puzzle array with `.' as the holder in each cell.
The dimensions are determined by the specifications. |
|
found_forward_and_backward_word_location()
|
Looks for words in text and returns found words listed forward and backward |
|
get_random_directions()
|
Returns a character vector of directs with n_directions elements,
where n_directions is from the specifications. All directions
are allowed by the word size and the puzzle_array dimensions. |
|
get_specifications()
|
Reads the puzzle description file and returns a character
vector with one specification in each element. |
|
get_text_string()
|
Concatenates and removes all blanks and punctuation all words in each line. |
|
get_trial_location()
|
Returns a two element numeric vector with the row and column specified
for a location to be tried. |
|
get_trial_word_list()
|
Returns a list containing the following:
trial_word_vector - character vector containing the contents of the
puzzle_array beginning at the location selected and continuing
for the length of the word and in the direction indicated.
location - 2 element integer vector containing a random location of the
first character of the word
direction - 1 element character vector containing the direction
descriptor |
|
get_word_order()
|
Orders words in decreasing length. Ties are in ASCII order. |
|
get_words()
|
get_words reads in words to be inserted in the puzzle and the specifications of the puzzle. |
|
make_puzzle()
|
Returns a list with the filename, the specifications, a puzzle_array, and
the word_key. |
|
print_key()
|
Creates puzzle text ready to print |
|
print_puzzle()
|
Creates puzzle text ready to print |
|
print_words()
|
Prints list of words to find |
|
try_word_fit()
|
Returns a list consisting of a logical value indicating whether or not
the proposed word fits the puzzle array, a two integer vector of the row
and column location of the first character, and a two integer vector that
determines the direction of the word's orientation.
try_word_fit() - the characters found within
the array, an row and column location in a two integer vector |


A message receive buffer.
The underlying RTCDataChannel for this socket.
The underlying RTCPeerConnection for this socket.
The local address of this socket.
The remote address of this socket.
RTCRTPSenders sending from this socket.
Adds this mediastream track to this socket. Internally, this track
is forwarded on to this sockets internal peer connection. Receiving
sockets may listen for onTrack
events negotiated somewhere outside
of this implementation.
Closes this socket. Will also remove any RTCRtpSender tracks that were sent through this socket.
Disposes of this object.
Emits an event to subscribers.
Subscribes to this sockets on track event.
Subscribes to this sockets on open event.
Subscribes to this sockets on message event.
Subscribes to this sockets on error event.
Subscribes to this sockets on close event.
Subscribes once to this sockets on track event.
Subscribes once to this sockets on open event.
Subscribes once to this sockets on message event.
Subscribes once to this sockets on error event.
Subscribes once to this sockets on close event.
Removes this event handler.
Sends a message to this socket.
Sets up the events for this socket. Socket messages support partial sends of message payloads, the following logic buffers and emits only on receiving COMPLETE signals from the sender.
Creates a socket from a data channel sent from the network device. Used by the socket server to initialize new sockets on listen events.
Generated using TypeDoc
A Web Socket like type built over RTCDataChannel. It supports bi-directional messaging between peers within a network. This socket type functions both as a Web Socket as well as a WebRTC pass-through for sending and receiving MediaStream Tracks to the sockets underlying RTCPeerConnection.


Choose all available technologies that apply to this project. You can multi select by either holding 'Shift' or 'Ctrl'.


{% extends "global/Page.html" %} {% load otree static %} {% block title %} You negotiate for party {{ player.position }} {% endblock %} {% block content %} {% if not earned %}
The random draw is over
This means that the total amount of seats is {{ subsession.resources_ABC }}. Moreover, the total budget for the municipality is ${{ total_payoff }} million.
You are the negotiator for party {{ player.position }}. You have received {{ player.resources }} seats.
{% elif earned %}The elections are over.
This means that the total amount of seats is {{ subsession.resources_ABC }}. The total budget for the municipality is ${{ total_payoff }} million.
You are the negotiator for party {{ player.position }}. You came in {% if player.position == 'A' %}first {% elif player.position == 'B'%} second {% elif player.position == 'C' %} third {% endif %} and have earned {{ player.resources }} seats.
{% endif %}On the next page you will find what this means for the coalition formation negotiations.
{% next_button %} {% endblock %}


|
||||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | |||||||||
| SUMMARY: INNER | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
java.lang.Object | +--org.apache.xerces.xni.XMLString | +--org.apache.xerces.util.XMLStringBuffer
XMLString is a structure used to pass character arrays. However, XMLStringBuffer is a buffer in which characters can be appended and extends XMLString so that it can be passed to methods expecting an XMLString object. This is a safe operation because it is assumed that any callee will not modify the contents of the XMLString structure.
The contents of the string are managed by the string buffer. As characters are appended, the string buffer will grow as needed.
Note: Never set the ch
,
offset
, and length
fields directly.
These fields are managed by the string buffer. In order to reset
the buffer, call clear()
.
| Field Summary | |
|---|---|
static int |
DEFAULT_SIZE
Default buffer size (32). |
| Fields inherited from class org.apache.xerces.xni.XMLString |
|---|
ch, length, offset |
| Constructor Summary | |
|---|---|
XMLStringBuffer()
|
|
XMLStringBuffer(char c)
Constructs a string buffer from a char. |
|
XMLStringBuffer(char[] ch,
int offset,
int length)
Constructs a string buffer from the specified character array. |
|
XMLStringBuffer(int size)
|
|
XMLStringBuffer(java.lang.String s)
Constructs a string buffer from a String. |
|
XMLStringBuffer(org.apache.xerces.xni.XMLString s)
Constructs a string buffer from the specified XMLString. |
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
void |
append(char c)
append |
void |
append(char[] ch,
int offset,
int length)
append |
void |
append(java.lang.String s)
append |
void |
append(org.apache.xerces.xni.XMLString s)
append |
void |
clear()
Clears the string buffer. |
| Methods inherited from class org.apache.xerces.xni.XMLString |
|---|
equals, equals, setValues, setValues, toString |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
|---|
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait |
| Field Detail |
public static final int DEFAULT_SIZE
| Constructor Detail |
public XMLStringBuffer()
public XMLStringBuffer(int size)
size
- public XMLStringBuffer(char c)
public XMLStringBuffer(java.lang.String s)
public XMLStringBuffer(char[] ch, int offset, int length)
public XMLStringBuffer(org.apache.xerces.xni.XMLString s)
| Method Detail |
public void clear()
clear
in class org.apache.xerces.xni.XMLString
public void append(char c)
c
- public void append(java.lang.String s)
s
- public void append(char[] ch, int offset, int length)
ch
- offset
- length
- public void append(org.apache.xerces.xni.XMLString s)
s
-
|
||||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | |||||||||
| SUMMARY: INNER | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |


‘Elected representatives should lead Afghanistan peace settlement’: India
United Nations: India has issued a note of caution for the United States peace efforts in Afghanistan with the Taliban saying that the elected representatives should be the main voice in deciding the nation’s future.
Any solution should have “constitutional legitimacy and a political mandate” and “not leave ungoverned spaces for terrorists and their proxies to exploit,” Indian diplomat Vidhisha Maitra said on Wednesday.
“In any country, it is the people of that country and the elected representatives of that country who should have the leading voice in deciding their future (and) this has always been one of India’s guiding principles in its engagement with Afghanistan,” Maitra, a first secretary in India’s UN Mission, told the General Assembly during the debate on Afghanistan.
“While the international community must be united in supporting these efforts, we do not believe in advancing prescriptions,” she added.
At the same time, she said that India did welcome “the opportunities created by the various initiatives towards a formal peace process at the international, regional and domestic levels”.
The US is trying to make a peace deal with the Taliban so its troops can be withdrawn from Afghanistan to keep President Donald Trump’s election promise.
The negotiations led by US Special Representative Zalmay Khalilzad have been an on-again, off-again process.
The Taliban has refused to talk to the elected government of Afghanistan, which has expressed concern it would be undercut by a US-Taliban deal.
US Alternate UN Representative Cherith Norman-Chalet said that Washington sought a durable peace through a political settlement in which Kabul would play its rightful role.
The US was committed to Afghanistan’s security and to ensuring that terrorists don’t exploit its territory.
Maitra listed the Taliban among the terrorist groups enjoying sanctuaries in Pakistan and operating abroad. (IANS)
Also Read: Former envoys warn of civil war in Afghanistan if all US troops leave
Also Watch: Two Rhino Poachers apprehended at Kaziranga National Park, Arms Seized


The following is a list of compile dependencies for this project. These dependencies are required to compile and run the application:
| GroupId | ArtifactId | Version | Type | Licenses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| org.apache.commons | commons-lang3 | 3.8.1 | jar | Apache License, Version 2.0 |
| org.jetbrains | annotations | 21.0.0 | jar | The Apache Software License, Version 2.0 |
| org.junit.platform | junit-platform-commons | 1.7.1 | jar | Eclipse Public License v2.0 |
| org.openjfx | javafx-controls | 16 | jar | GPLv2+CE |
| org.openjfx | javafx-fxml | 16 | jar | GPLv2+CE |
The following is a list of test dependencies for this project. These dependencies are only required to compile and run unit tests for the application:
| GroupId | ArtifactId | Version | Type | Licenses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| org.junit.jupiter | junit-jupiter-engine | 5.7.1 | jar | Eclipse Public License v2.0 |
The following is a list of transitive dependencies for this project. Transitive dependencies are the dependencies of the project dependencies.
The following is a list of compile dependencies for this project. These dependencies are required to compile and run the application:
| GroupId | ArtifactId | Version | Classifier | Type | Licenses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| org.apiguardian | apiguardian-api | 1.1.0 | - | jar | The Apache License, Version 2.0 |
| org.openjfx | javafx-base | 16 | - | jar | GPLv2+CE |
| org.openjfx | javafx-base | 16 | win | jar | GPLv2+CE |
| org.openjfx | javafx-controls | 16 | win | jar | GPLv2+CE |
| org.openjfx | javafx-fxml | 16 | win | jar | GPLv2+CE |
| org.openjfx | javafx-graphics | 16 | - | jar | GPLv2+CE |
| org.openjfx | javafx-graphics | 16 | win | jar | GPLv2+CE |
The following is a list of test dependencies for this project. These dependencies are only required to compile and run unit tests for the application:
| GroupId | ArtifactId | Version | Type | Licenses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| org.junit.jupiter | junit-jupiter-api | 5.7.1 | jar | Eclipse Public License v2.0 |
| org.junit.platform | junit-platform-engine | 1.7.1 | jar | Eclipse Public License v2.0 |
| org.opentest4j | opentest4j | 1.2.0 | jar | The Apache License, Version 2.0 |
GPLv2+CE: javafx-base, javafx-controls, javafx-fxml, javafx-graphics
Unknown: Model
The Apache License, Version 2.0: org.apiguardian:apiguardian-api, org.opentest4j:opentest4j
Eclipse Public License v2.0: JUnit Jupiter API, JUnit Jupiter Engine, JUnit Platform Commons, JUnit Platform Engine API
Apache License, Version 2.0: Apache Commons Lang
The Apache Software License, Version 2.0: JetBrains Java Annotations
| Filename | Size | Entries | Classes | Packages | Java Version | Debug Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| commons-lang3-3.8.1.jar | 501.9 kB | 297 | 272 | 13 | 1.7 | Yes |
| apiguardian-api-1.1.0.jar | 2.4 kB | 8 | 3 | 2 | - | Yes |
| annotations-21.0.0.jar | 27.6 kB | 64 | 54 | 3 | - | Yes |
| junit-jupiter-api-5.7.1.jar | 175.6 kB | 168 | 153 | 8 | - | Yes |
| junit-jupiter-engine-5.7.1.jar | 212.9 kB | 131 | 114 | 9 | - | Yes |
| junit-platform-commons-1.7.1.jar | 99.6 kB | 63 | 43 | 7 | - | Yes |
| junit-platform-engine-1.7.1.jar | 180.9 kB | 141 | 125 | 9 | - | Yes |
| javafx-base-16.jar | 0.3 kB | 2 | 0 | 0 | - | No |
| javafx-base-16-win.jar | 745.7 kB | 690 | 663 | 22 | - | Yes |
| javafx-controls-16.jar | 0.3 kB | 2 | 0 | 0 | - | No |
| javafx-controls-16-win.jar | 2.5 MB | 1505 | 1214 | 11 | - | Yes |
| javafx-fxml-16.jar | 0.3 kB | 2 | 0 | 0 | - | No |
| javafx-fxml-16-win.jar | 128.8 kB | 89 | 79 | 5 | - | Yes |
| javafx-graphics-16.jar | 0.3 kB | 2 | 0 | 0 | - | No |
| javafx-graphics-16-win.jar | 5.8 MB | 3311 | 2866 | 106 | - | Yes |
| opentest4j-1.2.0.jar | 7.7 kB | 11 | 7 | 2 | - | Yes |
| Total | Size | Entries | Classes | Packages | Java Version | Debug Information |
| 16 | 10.4 MB | 6486 | 5593 | 197 | 1.7 | 12 |
| compile: 12 | compile: 9.9 MB | compile: 6035 | compile: 5194 | compile: 169 | - | compile: 8 |
| test: 4 | test: 577 kB | test: 451 | test: 399 | test: 28 | - | test: 4 |


You already know how to do this for short patterns, but Markov Chain methods will help you organize and extend your calculations. Here we will set up a way of using Markov Chains to find the expected waiting time till a particular pattern appears in a sequence of i.i.d. trials. The method is based on conditioning on the first move of the chain, so we have been calling it "conditioning on the first move." In Markov Chain terminology, the method is called "first step analysis."
Suppose you toss a coin that lands heads with probability $p$. Lazily, we will call it a $p$-coin. What is the expected number of tosses till you see the pattern HTH? You know how to do this by conditioning on the first few moves. Let's do that calculation in the language of Markov Chains, and you will see how to generalize it to any pattern.
Imagine the sequence of heads and tails, and at time $n \ge 1$, let $X_n$ keep track of where in the pattern the chain is at time $n$. That means:
Then $X_0, X_1, X_2, \ldots $ is a Markov Chain (you should check this) with the following transition matrix.
| $\mathbf{\mathcal{S}}$ | H | HT | HTH | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| $\mathbf{\mathcal{S}}$ | $q$ | $p$ | 0 | 0 |
| H | 0 | $p$ | $q$ | 0 |
| HT | $q$ | 0 | 0 | $p$ |
| HTH | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Our goal is to find $$ \mu(\mathcal{S}) = E(W_{HTH} \mid X_0 = \mathcal{S}) $$
We will do this by a first step analysis, for which we will need some notation. Define:
Then we get a system of equations.
\begin{align*} \mu(\mathcal{S}) &= q(1 + \mu(\mathcal{S})) + p(1 + \mu(H))\\ \mu(H) &= p(1 + \mu(H)) + q(1 + \mu(HT)) \\ \mu(HT) &= p + q(1 + \mu(\mathcal{S})) \end{align*}That's three equations in three unknowns. Let's simplify each of them. Notice that each of the simplified equations says that the chain has to go 1 more step, and then there is some additional amount of time to account for. The accounting is done by weighting those additional expected times according to which state the chain entered at the first step.
\begin{align*} \mu(\mathcal{S}) &= 1 + q\mu(S) + p\mu(H)\\ \mu(H) &= 1 + p\mu(H) + q\mu(HT) \\ \mu(HT) &= 1 + q\mu(\mathcal{S}) \end{align*}To solve such systems of equations it is usually simplest to write each of the unknowns in terms of $\mu(\mathcal{S})$ which is the one we want to find. One standard way is to start with the first equation and write $\mu(H)$ in terms of $\mu(\mathcal{S})$, then plug that into the next equation, and so on:
$$ \mu(H) = \mu(\mathcal{S}) - \frac{1}{p} $$and so $$ \mu(HT) = \mu(H) - \frac{1}{q} = \mu(\mathcal{S}) - \frac{1}{p} - \frac{1}{q} $$
The third equation gives another expression for $\mu(HT)$, so equate the two:
$$ \mu(\mathcal{S}) - \frac{1}{p} - \frac{1}{q} = 1 + q\mu(\mathcal{S}) $$So $$ p\mu(\mathcal{S}) = 1 + \frac{1}{p} + \frac{1}{q} $$ and finally $$ \mu(\mathcal{S}) = \frac{1}{p} + \frac{1}{p^2} + \frac{1}{pq} $$
For $p = 1/2$, this works out to 10. The expected number of tosses of a fair coin till you get HTH is 10.
It makes sense that the answer is bigger than $1/p$, the expected waiting time till the first H. If you are so inclined, you can double check the answer by conditioning on $W_H$. You will find yourself redoing much of the work we have done here.
Notice that the answer can be written as $$ \mu(\mathcal{S}) = \frac{1}{p} + \frac{1}{p^2} + \frac{1}{pq} = \frac{1}{p} + \frac{1}{pqp} $$
That's tantalizing, as you can recognize both the pieces and will be wondering if there is a quick way to see how they fit together. There is, by a gambling interpretation involving the use of a process called a martingale. It's beautiful stuff but a bit of detour for us here. We'll talk a bit more about the answer at the end of this section and hope that it will inspire you to learn more about stochastic processes.
You can see that in principle this method can be extended to a pattern of any length from any alphabet from which you are making i.i.d. draws. Here is another example.
Probability text books contain many examples in which monkeys are described as doing mindless repetitive tasks without learning from past results. No self-respecting monkey would do that. Even machines learn these days. In a different take on this setting, let's just pretend that a professor is having a really bad time and is spending it hitting keys of a typewriter independently at random. Assume that the keys only include the 26 upper case letters. How many times do you expect the professor to hit keys until the sequence GAGA appears?
We will follow the process we developed in the previous example and use a Markov Chain whose states look back at the past few hits and keep track of the maximal progress made towards the pattern GAGA. So the states are $\mathcal{S}$, G (this means it was not preceded by GA), GA, GAG, and GAGA. The transition probabilities are:
| $\mathbf{\mathcal{S}}$ | G | GA | GAG | GAGA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $\mathcal{S}$ | 25/26 | 1/26 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| G | 24/26 | 1/26 | 1/26 | 0 | 0 |
| GA | 25/26 | 0 | 0 | 1/26 | 0 |
| GAG | 24/26 | 1/26 | 0 | 0 | 1/26 |
| GAGA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
The equations are:
\begin{align*} \mu(\mathcal{S}) &= 1 + \frac{25}{26}\mu(\mathcal{S}) + \frac{1}{26}\mu(G) \\ \mu(G) &= 1 + \frac{24}{26}\mu(\mathcal{S}) + \frac{1}{26}\mu(G) + \frac{1}{26}\mu(GA) \\ \mu(GA) &= 1 + \frac{25}{26}\mu(\mathcal{S}) + \frac{1}{26}\mu(GAG) \\ \mu(GAG) &= 1 + \frac{24}{26}\mu(\mathcal{S}) + \frac{1}{26}\mu(G) \end{align*}Multiply all the equations by 26 and start writing all the unknowns in terms of $\mu(\mathcal{S})$.
\begin{align*} \mu(G) &= \mu(\mathcal{S}) - 26 \\ \mu(GA) &= 25\mu(G) - 24\mu(\mathcal{S}) - 26 = \mu(\mathcal{S}) - (25\times26) - 26 \\ \mu(GAG) &= 26\mu(GA) - 25\mu(\mathcal{S}) - 26 = \mu(\mathcal{S}) - (25\times26\times26) - (26\times26) - 26\\ 26\mu(GAG) &= 26 + 24\mu(\mathcal{S}) + \mu(G) = 25\mu(\mathcal{S}) \end{align*}Finally, multiply the third equation above by 26 and subtract the fourth. You will get
\begin{align*} \mu(\mathcal{S}) &= (25\times26\times26\times26) + (26\times26\times26) + (26\times26) \\ &= (26\times26\times26\times26) + (26\times26) \\ &= 26^4 + 26^2 \\ &= 457652 \end{align*}26**4 + 26**2
To get a sense of the amount of time involved, suppose the professor hits keys at the rate of 180 per minute. Then, assuming no rest breaks or slowing down, you expect the professor to keep going for almost two days before the pattern GAGA appears.
(26**4 + 26**2)/(24*60*180)
In the GAGA example as in the HTH example, you can see that the answer is a sum of terms which are the inverses of:
Of course there might be more than one segment that you can see at the start as well as at the end. For example, if the pattern is GAGAGA, then GAGA is the longest segment that repeats in this way, but GA repeats as well. The expected time till GAGAGA turns out to be $26^6 + 26^4 + 26^2$. That's the sum of the inverses of the probabilities of the whole pattern and of all the segments that appear both at the start and at the end. If you are intrepid you can check this by setting up seven-state Markov Chain following the method developed in this section.
But the Markov Chain method doesn't provide insight into why the answers are the way they are. Maybe by the end of the term we will have included a section on the elegant martingale methods that explain what's going on.
For now, go back through your exercises and do the algebra to check that in tosses of a $p$-coin, $E(W_{HH}) = \frac{1}{p^2} + \frac{1}{p}$ whereas $E(W_{HT}) = \frac{1}{pq}$. The pattern HT doesn't have the feature that the start of the pattern appears again at the end.
After this, you might be willing to accept that the expected number of times the professor has to hit the typewriter keys till the pattern ABRACADABRA appears is $26^{11} + 26^4 + 26$, by noticing that both ABRA and A reappear at the end of ABRACADABRA. That's 3,670,344,487,444,778 times.
26**11 + 26**4 + 26
At the professor's rate of 180 keys per minute, that's almost 39 million years.
(26**11 + 26**4 + 26)/(365*24*60*180)
We end this section with a few observations about patterns in coin tossing. If you toss a fair coin six times, then the patterns that you expect to take the longest time to appear are HHHHHH and TTTTTT. Both have expected waiting times of $2^6 + 2^5 + 2^4 + 2^3 + 2^2 + 2 = 126$.
2**6 + 2**5 + 2**4 + 2**3 + 2**2 + 2
Even though all patterns of length six have the same chance if the coin is fair, the expected time till each pattern depends on how the pattern wraps around itself. The expected time till HTTTTH is $2^6 + 2 = 66$, the expected time till HHTTHH is $2^6 + 2^2 + 2 = 70$, and so on.
If the coin is unfair with $p > 1/2$, then the expected time till HHHHHH is
$$ \frac{1}{p^6} + \frac{1}{p^5} + \frac{1}{p^4} + \frac{1}{p^3} + \frac{1}{p^2} + \frac{1}{p} $$That's less than the expected time till TTTTTT, which has the same formula as above but with $q$ replacing $p$. Here are some more examples.
$$ E(W_{HTTTTH}) = \frac{1}{pq^4p} + \frac{1}{p} ~~~~~~~~~~ E(W_{HTHTTT}) = \frac{1}{pqpq^3} ~~~~~~~~~~ E(W_{HHTTHH}) = \frac{1}{p^2q^2p^2} + \frac{1}{p^2} + \frac{1}{p} $$For a sequence of i.i.d. trials we have developed a Markov Chain method to find the expected number of trials till any fixed finite pattern appears. The method involves solving a system of equations. This is straightforward analytically for short patterns but can be tedious otherwise. We have observed in examples that the answers have a form that depends on how the pattern wraps around itself, and that therefore the answers can simply be read off the pattern. The proof that the answers will always have this form depends on martingale methods that we may include in an optional section.


{% extends 'conducting/conducting.html' %} {% load i18n staticfiles humanize is_visitor %} {% block javascript %} {% if user|is_visitor:review %} {% endif %} {% endblock javascript %} {% block tab_content %} {% include "conducting/conducting_header.html" with active_tab="quality" %}
{% trans 'There are a few steps you have to finish before assess the quality of the studies:' %}


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Represents a lat/lon
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Represents a lat/lon
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Represents a lat/lon
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Represents a physical location on Earth (mostly used for addresses)
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Represents an unparsed document (a file on the filesystem, byte[] from a database, etc)
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Represents a native type (int, boolean, etc) that can have a value or be null
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Represents a physical location on Earth (mostly used for addresses)
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Base class for parsed resumes/jobs
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Metadata about a parsed document
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Represents a native type (int, boolean, etc) that can have a value or be null
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Represents a physical location on Earth (mostly used for addresses)
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Base class for parsed resumes/jobs
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Sovren's custom Date type that represents dates found in resumes/jobs.
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Represents a physical location on Earth (mostly used for addresses)
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Represents a physical location on Earth (mostly used for addresses)
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| SovrenDate
Sovren's custom Date type that represents dates found in resumes/jobs.
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Represents a native type (int, boolean, etc) that can have a value or be null
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| Location
Represents a physical location on Earth (mostly used for addresses)
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Sovren's custom Date type that represents dates found in resumes/jobs.
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Represents a native type (int, boolean, etc) that can have a value or be null
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Metadata about a parsed document
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| SovrenDate
Sovren's custom Date type that represents dates found in resumes/jobs.
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Represents a native type (int, boolean, etc) that can have a value or be null
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Comparing Serverless Providers
Wondering which serverless provider is right for you? Read this blog to understand and analyze the comparison between AWS Lambda vs Azure Functions vs Google Cloud Functions. Get to know their current version and compare performance, security, pricing and scalability.
When it comes to serverless providers, there are many popular opinions based on various biases. Yet, while choosing the serverless there are many things that go on than the surface picture.
Considering how critical this is for long-term success, platforms should be evaluated based on their functionalities and service integrations. The potential backlash in choosing a serverless platform is high. Some of them are vendor lock-in and data lock-in, as Patrick Debois, CTO at Zender, mentions in his tweet.
So how do you select the right serverless provider? The answer is in this article. Here we discuss the major serverless provider considering their technical empowerment which will help you to equally weigh the selection process directed towards your specific needs.
Current Version:
As of today, AWS Lambda vs Azure Functions vs Google Cloud Functions all are production ready and generally available. Reflecting over the timeline, AWS Lambda became publicly available in early 2015, Azure Functions in late 2016 while Google Cloud Functions, just recently, in July 2018.
 Moreover, it has advanced functionalities like edge processing and chaining.
Azure Functions supports the variety of supported runtime environment. The current approach of Azure is to provide a functional IDE in their portal to help you prototype and deploy functions.
When it comes to picking anyone out of this, the prerequisites and the evaluation criteria that you’ll employ will be unique to your organization. However, there are some common areas that these serverless providers fall into. Let’s discuss some of them.
Language Support & Deployment
AWS Lambda currently has native support for code written in JavaScript, Node.js, Python, Java and C#, along with releasing support for Golang earlier this year. These wide choices of runtime environments and its versatility makes it the first choice for developers.
AWS Lambda provides API operations that you can use to create and update Lambda functions with the help of a deployment package uploaded to the console in a ZIP file or edited within the console itself.
Dependency management aside the biggest barrier to entry is language runtime support. Most FaaS platforms only support a handful of language runtimes. AWS Lambda and Azure Functions being the exceptions as both platforms support most popular language runtimes.— Kelsey Hightower (@kelseyhightower) February 26, 2018
On the other hand, Azure Function supports C#, F#, Python, Java, Node.js, Python & PHP. Contrary to AWS Lambda, Azure Functions provides you with multiple options for deploying your function, such as GitHub, DropBox, Visual Studio, Kudu Console, Zip deployment and One Drive.
With Google Cloud Functions, your function execution varies by your chosen language. Currently, it supports Node.js 6, Node.js 7 and Python 3.7 with more to be supported soon. For deployment, you can choose either of these: CLI, Zip upload, inline web editor, Cloud Storage and Cloud Storage Repositories.
Truple.io is currently using AWS Lambda with Serverless Framework. According to its cloud architect, they used Azure Functions for 6 months but didn’t have a good experience. Eventually, they abandoned Azure Functions and moved to Kubernetes. Here why,
“AWS Lambda had most of the problems solved already for Node.Js. It has good scalability without any resource issues. AWS Lambda, I feel it works as it is promised. However, with C#, I did use it on AWS Lambda the week after it was released. However, it had some issues that were solved after almost 8 months.
On the contrary, in Azure Functions, I was using C# and we continually had issue after issue. Due to lack of documentation, we were constantly running into issues. Not only that, App Insights (monitoring platform for Azure Functions) took 5+ minutes to load the logs.
Apart from this, we recently faced issues with Azure CDN, where we were unable to purge files so old, outdated files continued to be served up for 16+ hours after the purge. Cloudfront in AWS invalidates works in less than 15 minutes every time I do it”
Dependencies Management
With AWS Lambda, dependencies are packaged within the deployment packages itself. To do it successfully, you first need to organize your code and dependencies in a certain way.
Guidelines for creating the deployment package varies depending upon your choice of language. You may also use build plugins such as Jenkins (for Node.js and Python) and Maven (Java) to create the packages.
With Azure Functions, You can include your package.json in your function directory and run npm install as you normally would with Node.js projects using Kudu or the Console in the Azure portal. This process is similar irrespective of your runtime language.
Google Cloud Functions let you manage your dependencies with npm and are expressed in a metadata file called package.json. Your function also has an option to downloads the dependencies declared in package.json using npm.
Google Cloud Functions install dependencies on behalf of the user, which means that they do not need to take awkward steps like “vendoring” them locally (required for AWS Lambda) and they also avoid potential pitfalls, e.g., if the developer is using a Windows machine and vendors a library with native extensions (C code), there’s a high probability that it will not work on AWS Lambda when deployed.
Persistent Storage
The essence of serverless functions lies in its statelessness. Saying that an ideal function would be the one written in a stateless style which has no affinity to the underlying compute infrastructure or other variables.
With AWS Lambda, the function is required to be written without any variables. At the same time, you have an option for storage of variables in the persistent storage such as S3, DynamoDB or any other cloud storage services.
With Azure Functions to store the persistent data that needs to be constant across numerous instances, you may use Azure Blob Storage or Azure Table Storage.
If you want to “cache” data, for instance, a DB connection, you can use static variables. For Google Cloud Functions, if you require to share state across function invocations, your function should use services such as Cloud Datastore, Cloud Firestore, Cloud Storage and Cloud SQL to persist data.
Identity & Access Management
For Identity and access management, IAM system provides you with an authorization layer that allows you to exercise fine-grained access management for your functions.
For example, what they can do with those resources (read-only or write-only access), and what areas they have access to (specific function or whole project).
AWS Lambda provides you with the facility to create your own custom IAM policies and attach them with your Lambda functions. This allows permissions for AWS Lambda API actions, users, groups, roles and resources.
While Azure Functions lets you control your function policies through Resource Based Access Control. It is supported at Subscription and ResourceGroup. Though at the moment, you can give permission to read/write access both to your functions as read-only access disables some of the app’s features.
However, with Google Cloud Functions’ IAM roles you can list the permissions that are contained in each role. Roles can be granted to users on an entire project or on individual functions. Though there are more features in Alpha version soon to be released publicly.
Triggers & Types
Event sources (triggers) are custom events that invoke your serverless function. AWS Lambda gives you the feature for invocation over HTTPS defined by a custom REST API and an endpoint using API Gateway.
Other than that, AWS Lambda supports a plethora of other AWS service that you can configure as an event source. Lambdas can also be invoked through AWS SDKs given that it has the necessary permission for invocations.
With Azure Functions, there are few Microsoft services such as CosmosDB, Queue Storage, Service Bus and Table Storage. However, one advance feature is that external HTTP and Webhooks (from GitHub) can be used for invocation, along with APIM, function proxy and bindings.
Google Cloud Functions supports HTTP triggers provides that you need to specify while creating your function endpoint and these works only synchronously. Apart from this, Cloud Storage and Cloud Pub/Sub can work as event sources. There are more event sources though they are in Beta version: Firebase Authentication, Real-time Database, Analytics for Firebase and Cloud Firestore.
Orchestration
Applications with serverless architecture, where functions start, execute and finish in a matter of milliseconds, do not preserve state. Each function is completely independent and data cannot be saved in the container, which is demolished when the function completes its task.
For enabling state in a stateless architecture and orchestrate functions, AWS created Step Functions. This module logs the state of each function so it can be used by subsequent functions or for root-cause analysis.
With Azure Functions, you can orchestrate and automate the tasks using Azure Logic Apps as well as Durable Functions. You can easily integrate different services of cloud and on-premise through connectors. Google Cloud Functions at present doesn’t support integration with Cloud Composer, GCP’s workflow orchestration services.
Laurens Van Houtven, Principal at Latacora, faced quite a few problems with functions orchestration and monitoring. Here’s what he has to say,
“With Google Cloud Functions, there were two major problems that we faced, first, there isn’t a straightforward way to integrate it with any mail services (like SES + AWS Lambda), secondly, it has limited runtime support for the function written in JS.
Other problems our clients have seen include e.g. limited orchestration support (step functions) and that API Gateway doesn’t scale down to very simple things.
They’re hard to monitor because most security monitoring tools don’t deal with them (AWS Config finally got Lambda support last week) but we solve that problem with internal tooling. The annoyances with Lambda (e.g. API Gateway) you can mostly work around by using e.g. Terraform to orchestrate which you should be doing anyway. The limitations with alternatives are pretty fundamental.”
Concurrency & Execution Time
Concurrency refers to the parallel number of executions that happens at any given time. You can estimate the concurrent execution count, but this count differs depending upon the type of event source.
Also, you functions scale automatically based on incoming request rate, but not all resources in your architecture may be able to do so. Hence, concurrency is also dependent on downstream resources support.
Currently, AWS Lambda limits the total concurrent executions across the functions within a given region to 1000. You can control concurrency in two ways, for individual functional level and account level. Also, the maximum function execution time is 900 seconds or 15 minutes.
At present, Azure functions support multiple functions concurrently provided they are within a single app instance which has no limit. The number of concurrent activity and orchestrator function executions is capped at 10X the number of cores on the VM. Like AWS Lambda, this also has an execution time limit of 300 seconds or 5 minutes which is upgradeable to 600 seconds or 10 minutes within consumption plan.
Likewise, with Google Cloud Functions, there is no concurrent limit for HTTP invocation. For other types of invocation, the maximum number of concurrent function requests is 1000. However, the maximum execution time, unlike other service providers, is 60 seconds by default which can be upgraded to 540 seconds or 9 minutes.
Note: An important difference between AWS and Google Cloud Functions is that concurrency is measured at the account level for AWS but at the project level for Cloud Functions.
This means that, for AWS, if a function executes, the total number of available executions for all functions is reduced by 1 for the account. For Google Cloud Functions, if a function executes, the number of available executions for only that function is reduced by 1 and not for the account.
In theory, you could have 10 functions, each with 1,000 concurrent executions on Cloud Functions whereas you could only have 1 such function on AWS.
Scalability & Availability
AWS Lambda supports dynamic scalability in response to the increased traffic. However, this is subjected to an individual account level concurrent execution limit.
To manage traffic burst, AWS Lambda will immediately increase your concurrently executing functions by a predetermined amount, dependent on which region it’s executed. If there is no predefined limit, it keeps on increasing the number of functions by 500 per minute until your demand is met.
Currently, Azure Functions are available based upon two different plans. First, the consumption plan which scales your function automatically where a function execution times out after a configurable period of time. Second, the app service plan which runs your functions on the dedicated VMs.
Dedicated VMs are allocated to every function app, which means the function’s host can be always up and running.
With Google Cloud Functions, you have the novelty of automatic scalability. However, the background functions scale more gradually and it depends on the duration of functions and longer functions will scale slightly slower. Also, maximum scalability is based upon the rate limits.
Logging & Monitoring
AWS Lambda has inbuilt functionality of monitoring Lambda functions by reporting metrics through Amazon CloudWatch. These metrics include a number of requests, latency per request, number of requests resulting in an error.
It automatically integrates with Amazon CloudWatch Logs and pushes all logs from your code to a CloudWatch Logs group associated with a Lambda function. You can also use AWS X-Ray to leverage end-to-end monitoring of your functions, however, it comes with the extra price.
Azure Functions comes with built-in integration with Azure Application Insights for monitoring functions. Functions also have built-in monitoring that doesn’t use Application Insights. If you do not want to use Application Insights, you can opt for a built-in logging system, however, that uses Azure Storage.
Google Cloud Platform provides you with Google Stackdriver which is a suite of monitoring tools (Stackdriver Logging, Stackdriver Error Reporting, Stackdriver Monitoring) that helps you understand what’s going on in your Cloud Functions. It has in-built tools for logging, reporting errors and monitoring. Apart from Stackdriver, you can view execution times, execution counts and memory usage in the GCP Console.
AWS Lambda vs Azure Functions vs Google Cloud Functions: Pricing Comparison
Before we jump on to the exact dollars, let’s understand the execution environment in a better manner.
Execution time is directly proportional to the execution environment. For example, if you’re dealing with a function which is computation heavy and takes a few milliseconds of time to execute. This might prompt you to opt for lower memory sizes as it will cost you less but it is a double-edged sword. The smaller the machine, the more time it will take to execute a function.
AWS Lambda has a free-tier under which it covers first 1M function requests & 400,000 GB-secs per month. Thereafter, you will be required to pay $0.20 per 1M requests or $0.0000002 per request. Also, $0.00001667 for every GB-secs used.
Azure Functions’ free tier covers 1M requests and 400,000 GB-secs on the monthly basis. Afterwards, you will pay $0.000016/GB-secs and $0.20 per 1M executions.
Google Cloud Functions are priced on the execution time (GB-sec), the number of invocations and how many resources you provision for the function (GHz-secs).
The free tier includes first 2M requests and $0.40 beyond that. Compute time is measured in two units: GB-secs & GHz-secs. Moreover, networking outbound data is charged flatly at $0.12/Gb with first 5GB free. This pricing model makes it a little different than the rest of the contenders.
Note: One another important pricing factor we shouldn’t ignore is API Gateway. For example, with AWS Lambda, API Gateway is a prerequisite and is required for HTTP & HTTPS invocations both. However, with Google Cloud Functions, HTTP requests don’t require an API Gateway.
This is one of the major benefits of Google Cloud Functions: HTTP functions do not require an API Gateway. For AWS, this contributes a significant amount of cost and complexity in running your function. With Google Cloud Functions, you get an HTTP endpoint and routing/networking are set up for you automatically. You don’t need to pay an additional cost to an API Gateway.
Read more: For a detailed analysis of serverless pricing refer to this blog. If you’re keen on what it takes to run serverless applications, here is an in-depth resource.
AWS Lambda vs Azure Functions vs Google Cloud Functions: Performance Comparison
Recently at USENIX Annual Technical Conference 2018, an academic report was published about the performance of various serverless platforms. The research was conducted on a single “measurement function” which performed the two basic tasks:
- Collect invocation timing and runtime information of function instance
- Run specified tasks (measuring local disk I/O throughput, network throughput) based on received messages.
#1. Concurrency & Scalability
For AWS, 3328 MB was the maximum aggregate memory that can be allocated across all function instances on any VM in AWS Lambda. This perhaps suggests that AWS Lambda tries to place a new function instance on the top of the existing VM so as to increase the memory utilization rates.
Despite Azure Functions claiming to scale 200 instances for a single Node.js function, it fails to do in practice. In this experiment, it was able to scale at most 10 function instances running concurrently for a single function.
With Google Cloud Functions, only half of the expected number of instances, even for a low concurrency level, could be launched at the same time. The remaining requests were queued.
#2. Cold Start
Speaking of AWS Lambda, there wasn’t any major cold start difference between the launching of existing and new instance. In fact, the median cold start time i.e. latency between the two cases was only 39 ms.
On the contrary, it took a long time for the Azure instances to launch despite the fact that 1.5 GB memory was allocated to them. Median cold start latency was observed at 3640 ms in Azure.
Surprisingly, with Google Cloud Functions, the median cold start latency ranged from 110 ms to 493 ms. At present, it allocated memory proportionally to CPU, but in Google, memory size has more impact on cold start latency than in AWS.
#3. Instance Maximum Idle Time
This can be loosely defined as the maximum time an instance can stay idle before it shuts down. Here are the results:
For AWS, an instance was able to stay active for 27 minutes. Notably, in 80% of the cases, instances were shut down after 26 minutes. With Azure Functions, no consistent idle time was discovered.
For Google Cloud Functions, the idle time was as huge as 120 minutes. Even after 120 minutes, in 18% of the cases, the instances remained active.
However, this data may contradict when you put your specific needs in practice. Not only that, but the platform’s internal security practices also play a major role.
Recently I came across an opinion where a company had to move a large SaaS application from AWS to Azure. The tech stack included 80% Linux/OSS and 20% .NET.
The organization switched to Azure due to its affinity for security compliance and data sovereignty. After the switch, they came to realize that Azure is much stronger in support and in an ability to interact with Azure product teams to help guide the direction of the platform.
It is evident from the recent reports Azure is keeping up with the face in the serverless landscape and there is no way to neglect them.
Conclusion
According to the latest study by CNCF, AWS leads the serverless race with almost 70% of the production deployment done using AWS Lambda.
AWS Lambda owns 70% percent of the active serverless platform user base – https://t.co/oTqy1sN1Wm … let me translate that for you. Amazon is currently positioned to own 70% of the future of ALL software.— Simon Wardley #Labour #EEA #Exit #Attlee #Disraeli (@swardley) April 19, 2018
The 2-year head start (launched in 2014), quick implementation of new features and performance are the major factors in AWS Lambda’s pole position.
Presently serverless is driven by cloud-native practitioners, but as serverless adoption increases the organizations will continue to utilize multiple clouds, with AWS usually being part of the mix. Thus in the future, we are likely to see Azure and Google Cloud Functions catching up with AWS Lambda.
If you are diving into serverless with no platform preference, I would encourage everyone to explore and try each of these before incorporating them into their custom software development services. Understand the use cases why and when serverless can help you.


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Thank you for your interest in HSPC! Our highly skilled team of word-readers will look over your request.
If necessary, we will contact you via email for additional information.


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Meet new White House staffer Paula White, Trump's "prosperity gospel" advisor
by Mark FrauenfelderThe fact that Trumped hired his spiritual advisor Paula White to come to work for him tells you everything you need to know about her. This video will add no new information. It's for entertainment purposes only. Skip to :47 if you want to see her speaking in High Valyrian.
Image: Twitter


Covid-19 is a member of coronavirus family discovered in 2019 that causes range of health issue in human including common cold and breathing problem read more
Wash your hand frequently and use sanitizers when outside home.
Stay at home and maintain social distancing while outside .Don't gather.
Consult doctor or visit your nearest hospital if symptoms found
Disclaimer: This information is sourced from crowdsource data and can be inaccurate. Do not panic & wait for government sources to verify and update official data. Data Powered by COVID-19 INDIA


Bitcoin is Preferred Long-Term Investment Option, Ron Paul Finds
by Rebecca CampbellNearly 60 percent of people favor Bitcoin as a long-term investment rather than gold or federal reserve notes. That’s according to a survey posted by former U.S. Congressman and presidential candidate Ron Paul.
Which Would You Pick?
Yesterday, Paul of Texas, posted a question to his nearly 650,000 followers on Twitter.
 You get to choose in which form you’ll accept the gift. But there’s a catch: You must keep the gift in the form that you choose for 10 years without touching it. In which form would you accept the gift?
The options he gives are Federal Reserve notes, gold, Bitcoin, and a 10-year U.S. Treasury bond. At the time of publishing, nearly 70,000 votes have been cast with four hours left.
So far, Bitcoin is in first place with 58 percent of the votes, followed by Gold with 33 percent. The Treasury bond and the Federal Reserve notes have seven percent and two percent, respectively.
One user stated that the easy choice was gold. The reason? “Currency will depreciate. Bitcoin is something you need to monitor closely, big swings. Treasuries have no return so you would still lose value.”
Another, going by the name of Dr. Bitcoin M.D., argues that even though Bitcoin has only been around for 10 years, it is “far superior as a monetary medium based on its fundamental properties.”
This isn’t the first time that Paul has mentioned crypto. Back in July, during an interview with CNBC’s “Squawk Alley,” the former Congressman said that cryptocurrencies were “a great idea” and that he was in favor of crypto assets and the blockchain because of his like for competing currencies.
Notably, in 2014, he expressed his concerns with the backing of crypto, particularly when it comes to fraud, but overall delivered a pro-crypto stance.
Bitcoin Gift
Paul’s tweet follows after he received, what is believed to be, his first Bitcoin from Bobby Lee, board member of the Bitcoin Foundation and founder of Bitcoin wallet Ballet Crypto.
Taking to Twitter last week, Lee announced he had given the gift, adding that it had a special serial number to match Paul’s birthday.
The gift was given during Litecoin Summit 2019 in Las Vegas and was also presented in the presence of Charlie Lee, brother of Bobby Lee and Founder of Litecoin.
Images via Shutterstock, Twitter @bobbyclee
The Rundown


In support of the Prime Minister of India's pet project Swacch Bharat Abhiyaan, a team of Rooh volunteers and members of cultural clubs of the college conducted a cleaniness and sanitation drive in and around the Brahma Sarovar complex. The event was coordinated by the Hope foundation from Meerut which has undertaken not only the cleaniness but also the beautification of the public places
We also undertook the beautification of the Brahma Sarovar with the Fine Arts club of NIT Kurukshetra in conjuncture with the team of Hope painting the dirty walls of Brahma Sarovar with exquisite artworks.


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Lady C claims 'soliciting sex from minors doesn't count as paedophilia'
Lady Colin Campbell has outraged viewers by claiming that soliciting sex from minors is ‘not the same as paedophilia.’
The 70-year-old socialite and TV personality outraged Good Morning Britain viewers and Piers Morgan by appearing to defend the hiring of a minor for sex, insisting that it was prostitution rather than paedophilia.
Appearing on the show to discuss the Prince Andrew interview, and his relationship with convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein, Lady Colin Campbell attempted to state that Epstein wasn’t guilty of paedophilia but of soliciting prostitution from minors and that they were very different – to her.
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Speaking directly about Epstein and his convictions, Lady Colin Campbell defended the Prince’s friendship with the convicted sex offender, who served nearly 13 months in custody after pleading guilty to procuring and soliciting a person under 18 for prostitution.
He was convicted of these two crimes in a widely criticised plea deal, while federal officials had reportedly identified 36 girls who had been abused by Epstein, some of which were as young as 14.
Before his suicide in August this year, Epstein was arrested in July on federal charges for sex trafficking of minors in New York and Florida.
During her appearance on Monday, Lady Colin Campbell declared: ‘You all seem to have forgotten that Jeffrey Epstein, the offence for which he was charged and for which he was imprisoned, was for soliciting prostitution from minors.
‘That is not the same thing as paedophilia.’
A stunned Piers Morgan then asked what it was then, to which she simply answered: ‘Prostitution.’
‘If you solicited a 14-year-old for prostitution, you’re a paedophile,’ Piers hit back.
‘It doesn’t matter,’ Lady Campbell responded, causing Piers to erupt.
‘It does matter. You’re procuring an underage girl for sex! That’s what he was convicted of! I’m sorry, I’m sorry, with respect, that is nonsense.’
‘Was he? 14? Well, I’m not justifying Jeffrey Epstein,’ Lady C hit back. ‘Paedophilia, I suspect there’s a difference between a minor and a child.’
She then asserted that a minor isn’t a child (even though in the eyes of the law, it is.)
Epstein was brought up in conversation following the catastrophic Prince Andrew interview where he discussed his friendship with the accused sex trafficker, who died by suspected suicide while being held ahead of trial.
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Andrew, who had been photographed with Epstein in Central Park after the businessman had been convicted for the prostitution of minors in 2010, said he’d ‘let the side down’ by maintaining the friendship.
The duke said his ongoing relationship with Epstein, following his release from an 18-month prison term: ‘I stayed with him … and that’s the bit that …
‘I kick myself for on a daily basis because it was not something that was becoming of a member of the royal family and we try and uphold the highest standards and practices and I let the side down, simple as that.’
Good Morning Britain airs weekdays at 6am on ITV.
Got a showbiz story? If you've got a story, video or pictures get in touch with the Metro.co.uk Entertainment team by emailing us<EMAIL_ADDRESS>calling 020 3615 2145 or by visiting our Submit Stuff page - we'd love to hear from you.


FacilitiesListViewController
class FacilitiesListViewController: UIViewController, UICollectionViewDelegate, UICollectionViewDataSource, UIViewControllerPreviewingDelegate, UICollectionViewDelegateFlowLayout
Undocumented
-
Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
let realm = try! Realm(configuration: Realm.Configuration(
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Declaration
Swift
var facilitiesArray = List<Facility>()
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
var alertsList = List<Alert>()
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
var currentAlerts = List<Alert>()
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
var filteredFacilities = List<Facility>()
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
var shownFacilities = List<Facility>()
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
let searchController = UISearchController(searchResultsController: nil)
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
var filters = Filters()
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
override var preferredStatusBarStyle: UIStatusBarStyle
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
@IBOutlet var LeftButton: UIBarButtonItem!
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
@IBOutlet var settingsButton: UIBarButtonItem!
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
@IBOutlet var LocationsList: UICollectionView!
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
@IBOutlet var LocationsListLayout: UICollectionViewFlowLayout!
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
@IBOutlet var favoritesControl: UISegmentedControl!
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
var showFavorites = false
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
@IBOutlet var LastUpdatedLabel: UIBarButtonItem!
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
let refreshControl = UIRefreshControl()
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
@IBAction func favoritesControlChanges(_ sender: Any)
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Get all of the facilities that are favorited.
Declaration
Swift
func filterFacilitiesForFavorites() -> List<Facility>
Return Value
List of facilities that are favorited
-
Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
override func viewWillLayoutSubviews()
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
@IBAction func RefreshButton(_ sender: Any)
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
func checkFilterState()
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
override func viewWillAppear(_ animated: Bool)
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
@objc func tapRecognizer(_ sender: UITapGestureRecognizer)
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
func presentDetailView(_ destination: UIViewController, tapped: UICollectionViewCell)
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
func configureSearchController()
-
Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
override func viewDidLoad()
-
Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
func reloadWithFilters()
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
func isSearchBarEmpty() -> Bool
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
func isSearching() -> Bool
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Filters facilities based on the text inputted into the search controller.
Declaration
Swift
func filterFacilitiesForSearchText(_ searchText: String) -> List<Facility>
Parameters
searchText
text used to filter the facilities.
Return Value
List of filtered facilities. Facilities whose names, buildings, or categories match the search text are included.
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
@objc private func forceRefresh(_ sender: Any)
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
@objc private func anyRefresh(_ sender: Any)
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
@objc func refresh(_ sender: Any, forceUpdate: Bool = true)
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
func updateFiltersLists()
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
func update(_ sender: Any)
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
func shortDateFormat(_ date: Date) -> String
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
override func didReceiveMemoryWarning()
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
func numberOfSections(in collectionView: UICollectionView) -> Int
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, numberOfItemsInSection section: Int) -> Int
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, cellForItemAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> UICollectionViewCell
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, layout collectionViewLayout: UICollectionViewLayout, sizeForItemAt indexPath: IndexPath) -> CGSize
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, layout collectionViewLayout: UICollectionViewLayout, minimumLineSpacingForSectionAt section: Int) -> CGFloat
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, layout collectionViewLayout: UICollectionViewLayout, minimumInteritemSpacingForSectionAt section: Int) -> CGFloat
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
func collectionView(_ collectionView: UICollectionView, layout collectionViewLayout: UICollectionViewLayout, insetForSectionAt section: Int) -> UIEdgeInsets
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
func countForOpenAndClosedFacilities(_ facilitiesArray: Array<Facility>) -> (open: Int, closed: Int)
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
override func prepare(for segue: UIStoryboardSegue, sender: Any?)
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
func previewingContext(_ previewingContext: UIViewControllerPreviewing, viewControllerForLocation location: CGPoint) -> UIViewController?
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
func previewingContext(_ previewingContext: UIViewControllerPreviewing, commit viewControllerToCommit: UIViewController)
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Undocumented
Declaration
Swift
func updateSearchResults(for searchController: UISearchController)


The Classroom Organizer - Teachers
Home
View Teachers
View Classes
View Students
View Grades
Add a Teacher:
First Name:
Last Name:
Teachers:
First Name:
Last Name:
Classes:
{% for r in rows %}
{{ r[0][1]}}
{{ r[0][2]}}
{% for class in r[1]%}
{{class[0][1]}}
{% endfor %}
{% endfor %}


D-W-B simply means Days and Week of Birth. Most people know the year of birth but cannot quite figure out what day of the week they were born. Well, D-W-B is here for you!
Akan names are derived from Ghanian culture. In GHANA, children are given their first name as a "day name" which corresponds to the week they were born.The day names are:
So basically,the App takes your birthday and calculates the day of the week you were born, then depending on your gender,it,shows you your Akan name in place of the name of the day of the week you were born.


BARR. FEMI WILLIAMS TEL: 234-803-320-5430 FAX: 234-1-7599627 EMAIL<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>ATTN:MD/CEO I am a Barrister and a member of Nigeria Bar Association (NBA). Your contact reached me through the World Business Encyclopedia and my insistence on you. Hence, I made up my mind to introduce this business to you in confidence for the mutual benefit of both of us. The sum of US$17.6M (Seventeen Million, Six Hundred Thousand Dollars) was lodged into one of the leading private Banks here in the Country by the late Head of State (GEN.SANI ABACHA) this money was lodged in a DEFACED FORM and in vaults / boxes. The money was originally meant to be used for his political campaign. Because I was his family Attorney as such he confided in me with the relevant document papers relating to this Bank died of cardiac arrest. As a matter of fact, I have adequately agreed with some of the key officers of the private Bank to negotiate with you a trustworthy person to provide an account where this money could be transferred to your country through your Bank account, because we cannot claim the money here in Nigeria. We have concluded all arrangement with an offshore Security Company to move this money through diplomatic means a country where it could be directly transferred to your nominated account to ensure absolute safety and risk-free transfer of the money. After a successful transfer, 30% will be for you for your assistance, 5% for general expenses, and 65% for us. You are required to send by e- mail immediately your Telephone and Fax numbers and Bank particulars where this money will be lodged and your personal contact address. Once you notify me your willingness by sending the above requirement. This transaction will be concluded within 10 (ten) working days. I will be waiting for your urgent reply. Best regards, Barr. Femi Williams. {Attorney at Law} _________________________________________________________ Gagne une PS2 ! Envoie un SMS avec le code PS au 61166 (0,35€ Hors coût du SMS)


Skunk works
If there’s a book that makes me want to believe in a 10X engineer its this one. An amazing read on skunk works, or more formally Lockheed Martin’s Advanced Development Programs (ADP), what this team was able to achieve over and over with more limited resources is absolutely remarkable. The U2 in so many ways was counter to what the standard direction was at the time, as well an incredible engineering feat.
What most stood out to me was the level at which the team operated at, and when process was introduced for “safety” and “process” the results were actually initially more harmful than good.
The hard things about the hard things
In one sense this felt like the cliff not version of Andy Grove’s High output management. In another sense Ben distils things down into some very practical guidance. It hits on some things that High output management does not such as how to handle layoffs, how to pivot, and in general some just interesting stories from his experiences of the years. His guidance on 1:1’s is spot on and for any manager I’d consider this required reading. I’d recommend this to anyone in tech/business, and not just as a replacement for High output management but as a supplement.
High output management
There’s a reason this is a cult classic in Silicon Valley among founders–it’s chocked full of great insight. It really is remarkable that while running Intel he took time to personally write this book. Unlike the previous, extracting some of the details and insights in this takes a little more focus. You can breeze through it, but you’ll lose so much of the value. For all the love that exists for this book I’ve not seen enough of it applied, from stagger charts to explicitly using meetings for various purposes–that said anything from this book you can apply you’re then better off.
Creativity Inc
Being a Disney fan this of course was a fun read to me. Even discounting that there’s some nice guidance in here for innovative/creative companies. Key themes include: the team, an environment of feedback that improves the product, a lot around creating an environment that helps you innovate but not burn out.
Effective Executive
Some of this ran counter to how I would approach a startup. Focus on the things you need to be doing and the process is the broad summary, which at the same time so much of it absolutely made sense. If you’re newer to upper management or to the executive team I’d highly recommend it. Even if not an exectuive there’s some good tidbits and it’ll give you some insight into a good executives world view. A few of the key themes:
- Track and then manage your time – which is useful guidance for anyone
- Focus on new opportunities not problem solving and damage control – this was a surprising concept to me but made a lot of sense
- Focus on one thing at a time as opposed to multitasking. This was an interesting one to me and while I can understand it’s argument there were also a few counter examples in the book.
- Creating organizational structures for success and outstanding performance
Inspired Products
This is a must read for product managers, engineers, project managers, and essentially everyone else involved in the product creation process. It clearly lays out what the goal of product management is, its interaction with other roles, and how to accomplish building great products.
Managing Humans
For a first time manager this has a lot of great insights. I typically enjoy Lopp’s style of writing as well, and this is essentially a number of blog posts converted to book form. Going from contributor to manager the biggest take away is that the manager’s job is different and should focus on the individual being successful. Beyond that there are a ton of small stories that apply to various situations, which makes for a light but worthwhile read.
Home game: An Accidental Guide to Fatherhood
As a father who had two children born at Alta Bates this one rings so very true. Tears were in my eyes from laughing so hard at this one. A great Michael Lewis style book that hits on modern fatherhood in a very humorous read. Highly encouraged for any father of young children or soon to be.


Image Gallery
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Browse Gallery


Kentucky police seize air fryer containing 20 pounds of meth
LOUISVILLE, Ky.
by Canadian PressLOUISVILLE, Ky. — It may be the holiday season, but police in Kentucky confiscated an unusual gift being delivered to a Kentucky man's home — a package with about 20 pounds (9 kilograms) of meth that was shipped through the mail inside of an air fryer.
Narcotics officers were able to intercept the parcel containing about $100,000 worth of drugs, Louisville Metro police said in a Facebook post Saturday.
The package was delivered to a suspect's home where officers obtained a search warrant to collect it, the Major Case Unit confirmed to news outlets. The suspect wasn't home at time of seizure.
Photos posted by the police department show at least seven packages of drugs wrapped in plastic alongside the Hamilton Beach brand air fryer and the box it came in.
Police say the investigation is ongoing.
The Associated Press


Small town raised with a big city understanding. Dion's background is painted with multiple cultural and global experiences incorporating all the attributes needed for to make a well rounded person in today's evolving world.
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Management and Strategy Institute
- Code Fellows
Dion's Education
- Amazon Web Services
- Pulte Homes
- Starbucks
Dion's Professional Experience
- Constitutional Law
- Philosophy
- Coffee
- Dogs
- Sushi
- History
- Travel
- Astronomy
- Language
- Fitness
Top Ten Interests of Dion
My goals: Become a leading contributor in the coding world .


Small size
(Relatively) low cost of nodes
Reduce (eliminate?) cost of wiring
Self-configuring and self-optimizing
Self-healing: redundancy and fault-tolerance
Long lifetimes (?)
Interfacing with the physical world.
Energy: a measure of being able to do work.
Unit: 1 J(Joule) = one watt per seconde
The energy cost of communication is very expensive.
Propagation laws for communications:
Think volume:
Surface area of a sphere of radius \(r=4\pi r^2\)
Think signal quality:
Multipath effects result from radio signals reaching a receiver by two or more paths (Rayleigh fading)
Attenuation results from dissipation of energy
Frequency shifts from Doppler effect
Think noise:
Ambient white noise
Interference from other electro-magnetic sources.
Physical distribution
Estimation theory for detection
Control and hybrid systems theory for control.
Scale
Network control and routing
Collaborative signal and information processing
Limited access
Security
Limited energy
Extreme dynamics
Ad-Hoc network discovery
Tasking and querying
Internet routes data using IP addresses in packets and lookup tables in routers
humans get data by “naming data" to a search engine
Many levels of indirection between name and IP address
embedded, energy-constrained, unattended systems cannot tolerate communication overhead of indirection.
fine-grained localization and time synchronization needed to detect events in 3-D space and improve estimation across nodes.
Area coverage: fraction of area covered by sensors
Detectability: probability that sensors detect moving objects
Node coverage: fraction of sensors covered y other sensors.
Communication expensive when limited power and bandwidth
so perform data processing in network.
Data-centric protocols, in-netowrk processing
Pattern-triggered data collection
Sensor database supports distributed query processing over sensor network
Self-configuration systems that adapt to unpredictable environment
Leverage data processing inside the network
exploit computation near data to reduce communication
collaborative signal processing
achieve desired global behavior with localized algorithms
Long-lived, unattended, un-tethered, low duty-cycle systems


SessionPath
/sessionpath {Path}
/sessionpath {C:\Program Files\Mud Master 2000\}
This sets the path to your session file.
{Path} The path to where you keep your session files.


simpleSASS is a quite easy to use boilerplate for website styling setup.
Using this boilerplate you will ready to start a new SASS project in 5 minutes.
- css/normailize.css
- css/simpleSass.css
- css/simpleSass_custom.css
- css/simpleSass_global.css
- css/simpleSass_utilities.css
- js/main.js
- js/plugin.js
- js/vendor/jquery-1.12.0.min.js
- js/vendor/modernizr-2.8.3.min.js
- sass/_mixins.scss
- sass/_variables.scss
- sass/simpleSass_custom.scss
- sass/simpleSass_global.scss
- sass/simpleSass_utilities.scss
- favicon.ico
- index.html
- tile-wide.png
- tile.png
- Gruntfile.js
- package.json
simpleSASS is just a simple HTML Boilerplate based on HTML5 Boilerplate.
This package will help you to start easy any new projects you want,
and it can be used simply editing the HTML/JS and SASS files.
simpleSASS can be used also as a new Grunt project.
In order to customize the Grunt project, according your needs, you can customize the package.json and Gruntfile.js files.
To style your new project you can code the .scss files contained inside the "sass" project directory.
Remember that sass files need to be compiled using software as Compass, Grunt or other similar.
You can use each sass processor you want, but only Grunt is ready to use on this boilerplate.
index.html is the html main file. It's only a demo file (that contains this documentation) that you can use as a new file model.
simpleSASS is ready to be used with Grunt (the javascript task runner) for SASS compiling. See more Here.
The Grunt Contribs used for this project are grunt-contrib-sass and grunt-contrib-watch but you can add all modueles you want and custmize the Gruntfile.js as you need.
Download package and open the main directory on your terminal. The simpleSASS folder will be your new project main dir.
Now be sure that you already have a local Grunt installation on your project. If not install it typing:
$ npm install grunt --save
When you have Grunt installed type the following command on you terminal in order to install the required Grunt modules:
$ npm install
Once Grunt modules are installed, you will ready to start coding and compiling SASS files simply typing "Grunt" on your console.
$ Grunt
Grunt default task will launch the first SASS compile and and the watch task that will autocompile all SASS files each time you will save .scss file.


Note: Contains FD&C Yellow No. 6 as a color additive.
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) alert:
This product does not protect agains HIV/AIDS or other STDs
colloidal silicon dioxide, corn starch, FD&C Yellow #6, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, povidone.
Call 1-866-9WATSON (1-866-992-8766) or Web Site at www.mynextchoiceonedose.com
CONSUMER INFORMATION
Next Choice ONE DOSETM (Levonorgestrel Tablet, 1.5 mg)
Emergency Contraceptive
One Tablet. One Dose.
What You Need to Know
Contains FD&C Yellow #6 as a color additive.
What is Next Choice One DoseTM?
Next Choice One DoseTMis emergency contraception that helps prevent pregnancy after birth control failure or unprotected sex. It is a backup method of preventing pregnancy and should not be used as regular birth control.
What Next Choice One DoseTM is not.
Next Choice One DoseTM will not work if you are already pregnant and will not affect an existing pregnancy. Next Choice One DoseTM will not protect you from HIV infection (the virus that causes AIDS) and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
When should I use Next Choice One DoseTM ?
The sooner you take emergency contraception, the better it works. You should use Next Choice One DoseTMwithin 72 hours (3 days) after you have had unprotected sex.
Next Choice One DoseTM is a backup or emergency method of birth control you can use when:
When not to use Next Choice One DoseTM?
Next Choice One DoseTMshould not be used:
How does Next Choice One DoseTM work?
Next Choice One DoseTMis one tablet with levonorgestrel, a hormone that has been used in many birth control pills for several decades. Next Choice One DoseTMcontains a higher dose of levonorgestrel than birth control pills, but works in a similar way to prevent pregnancy. It works mainly by stopping the release of an egg from the ovary. It is possible that Next Choice One DoseTMmay also work by preventing fertilization of an egg (the uniting of sperm with the egg) or by preventing attachment (implantation) to the uterus (womb).
How can I get the best results from Next Choice One DoseTM?
You have 72 hours (3 days) to try to prevent pregnancy after birth control failure or unprotected sex. The sooner you take Next Choice One DoseTM, the better it works.
How effective is Next Choice One DoseTM?
If Next Choice One DoseTMis taken as directed, it can significantly decrease the chance that you will get pregnant. About 7 out of every 8 women who would have gotten pregnant will not become pregnant.
How will I know if Next Choice One DoseTM worked?
You will know Next Choice One DoseTMhas been effective when you get your next period, which should come at the expected time, or within a week of the expected time. If your period is delayed beyond 1 week, it is possible you may be pregnant. You should get a pregnancy test and follow up with your healthcare professional.
Will I experience any side effects?
What if I still have questions about Next Choice One DoseTM?
If you have questions or need more information, call our toll-free number, 1-866-9WATSON (1-866-992-8766), or visit Watson’s My Next Choice One DoseTMWeb Site.
Other Information
Keep out of reach of children:
In case of overdose, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away at 1-800-222-1222.
Tablet is enclosed in a blister seal. Do not use if carton is open or the blister seal is broken or missing.
Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature].
Active ingredient: levonorgestrel 1.5 mg
Inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, corn starch, FD&C Yellow #6, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, povidone.
If you are sexually active, you should see a healthcare provider for routine checkups. Your
healthcare provider will talk to you about and, if necessary, test you for sexually transmitted diseases, teach you about effective methods of routine birth control, and answer any other questions you may have.
Manufactured by:
Watson Laboratories, Inc.
Corona, CA 92880 USA
Distributed by:
Watson Pharma, Inc.
Parsippany, NJ 07054 USA
Phone: 1-866-9WATSON (1-866-992-8766)
www.mynextchoiceonedose.com
Revised: March 2014
NDC 52544-065-54
NEW!
Now Available Over The Counter
One Tablet, One Dose
Nex Choice
One Dose™
(Levonorgestrel) Tablet 1.5 mg
Emergency Contraceptive
The sooner you take it, the more effective it will be
Take as soon as possible within 72 hour (3 days)
after unprotected sex
Will not harm an existing pregnancy
Reduces the change of pregnancy after
unprotected sex.
Not for regular birth control.
1 Tablet Levonorgestrel, 1.5 mg
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| Labeler - Watson Pharma, Inc. (106931488) |


Notes- This action is not working with the valid value of IoC type which consists of pipe symbol(|) in its name. In case of searching the IoC of that type, you can use [run query] or [list indicators] actions by providing an appropriate query in the "Query" action parameter. Below are the examples:
For [run query] action:
Search for IoC value which consists of pipe symbol(|) in the IoC attribute type
Usage:
- Query = +basetypes:indicator_attribute +type:"<ioc_type>" +value.\*:<ioc_value>
Example:
- Query = +basetypes:indicator_attribute +type:"ip-dst|port" +value.\*:<IP_ADDRESS>|80
For [list indicators] action:
Search for IoC value which consists of pipe symbol(|) in the IoC attribute type
Usage:
- Attribute Types = <ioc_type>
- Query = +value.\*:<ioc_value>
Example:
- Attribute Types = ip-dst|port
- Query = +value.\*:"<IP_ADDRESS>|80"