from __future__ import print_function, division
from sympy.core.assumptions import StdFactKB, _assume_defined
from sympy.core.compatibility import (string_types, range, is_sequence,
ordered)
from .basic import Basic
from .sympify import sympify
from .singleton import S
from .expr import Expr, AtomicExpr
from .cache import cacheit
from .function import FunctionClass
from sympy.core.logic import fuzzy_bool
from sympy.logic.boolalg import Boolean
from sympy.utilities.iterables import cartes, sift
from sympy.core.containers import Tuple
import string
import re as _re
import random
def _filter_assumptions(kwargs):
"""Split the given dict into assumptions and non-assumptions.
Keys are taken as assumptions if they correspond to an
entry in ``_assume_defined``.
"""
assumptions, nonassumptions = map(dict, sift(kwargs.items(),
lambda i: i[0] in _assume_defined,
binary=True))
Symbol._sanitize(assumptions)
return assumptions, nonassumptions
def _symbol(s, matching_symbol=None, **assumptions):
"""Return s if s is a Symbol, else if s is a string, return either
the matching_symbol if the names are the same or else a new symbol
with the same assumptions as the matching symbol (or the
assumptions as provided).
Examples
========
>>> from sympy import Symbol, Dummy
>>> from sympy.core.symbol import _symbol
>>> _symbol('y')
y
>>> _.is_real is None
True
>>> _symbol('y', real=True).is_real
True
>>> x = Symbol('x')
>>> _symbol(x, real=True)
x
>>> _.is_real is None # ignore attribute if s is a Symbol
True
Below, the variable sym has the name 'foo':
>>> sym = Symbol('foo', real=True)
Since 'x' is not the same as sym's name, a new symbol is created:
>>> _symbol('x', sym).name
'x'
It will acquire any assumptions give:
>>> _symbol('x', sym, real=False).is_real
False
Since 'foo' is the same as sym's name, sym is returned
>>> _symbol('foo', sym)
foo
Any assumptions given are ignored:
>>> _symbol('foo', sym, real=False).is_real
True
NB: the symbol here may not be the same as a symbol with the same
name defined elsewhere as a result of different assumptions.
See Also
========
sympy.core.symbol.Symbol
"""
if isinstance(s, string_types):
if matching_symbol and matching_symbol.name == s:
return matching_symbol
return Symbol(s, **assumptions)
elif isinstance(s, Symbol):
return s
else:
raise ValueError('symbol must be string for symbol name or Symbol')
def _uniquely_named_symbol(xname, exprs=(), compare=str, modify=None, **assumptions):
"""Return a symbol which, when printed, will have a name unique
from any other already in the expressions given. The name is made
unique by prepending underscores (default) but this can be
customized with the keyword 'modify'.
Parameters
==========
xname : a string or a Symbol (when symbol xname <- str(xname))
compare : a single arg function that takes a symbol and returns
a string to be compared with xname (the default is the str
function which indicates how the name will look when it
is printed, e.g. this includes underscores that appear on
Dummy symbols)
modify : a single arg function that changes its string argument
in some way (the default is to prepend underscores)
Examples
========
>>> from sympy.core.symbol import _uniquely_named_symbol as usym, Dummy
>>> from sympy.abc import x
>>> usym('x', x)
_x
"""
default = None
if is_sequence(xname):
xname, default = xname
x = str(xname)
if not exprs:
return _symbol(x, default, **assumptions)
if not is_sequence(exprs):
exprs = [exprs]
syms = set().union(*[e.free_symbols for e in exprs])
if modify is None:
modify = lambda s: '_' + s
while any(x == compare(s) for s in syms):
x = modify(x)
return _symbol(x, default, **assumptions)
class Symbol(AtomicExpr, Boolean):
"""
Assumptions:
commutative = True
You can override the default assumptions in the constructor:
>>> from sympy import symbols
>>> A,B = symbols('A,B', commutative = False)
>>> bool(A*B != B*A)
True
>>> bool(A*B*2 == 2*A*B) == True # multiplication by scalars is commutative
True
"""
is_comparable = False
__slots__ = ['name']
is_Symbol = True
is_symbol = True
@property
def _diff_wrt(self):
"""Allow derivatives wrt Symbols.
Examples
========
>>> from sympy import Symbol
>>> x = Symbol('x')
>>> x._diff_wrt
True
"""
return True
@staticmethod
def _sanitize(assumptions, obj=None):
"""Remove None, covert values to bool, check commutativity *in place*.
"""
# be strict about commutativity: cannot be None
is_commutative = fuzzy_bool(assumptions.get('commutative', True))
if is_commutative is None:
whose = '%s ' % obj.__name__ if obj else ''
raise ValueError(
'%scommutativity must be True or False.' % whose)
# sanitize other assumptions so 1 -> True and 0 -> False
for key in list(assumptions.keys()):
from collections import defaultdict
from sympy.utilities.exceptions import SymPyDeprecationWarning
keymap = defaultdict(lambda: None)
keymap.update({'bounded': 'finite', 'unbounded': 'infinite', 'infinitesimal': 'zero'})
if keymap[key]:
SymPyDeprecationWarning(
feature="%s assumption" % key,
useinstead="%s" % keymap[key],
issue=8071,
deprecated_since_version="0.7.6").warn()
assumptions[keymap[key]] = assumptions[key]
assumptions.pop(key)
key = keymap[key]
v = assumptions[key]
if v is None:
assumptions.pop(key)
continue
assumptions[key] = bool(v)
def _merge(self, assumptions):
base = self.assumptions0
for k in set(assumptions) & set(base):
if assumptions[k] != base[k]:
raise ValueError(filldedent('''
non-matching assumptions for %s: existing value
is %s and new value is %s''' % (
k, base[k], assumptions[k])))
base.update(assumptions)
return base
def __new__(cls, name, **assumptions):
"""Symbols are identified by name and assumptions::
>>> from sympy import Symbol
>>> Symbol("x") == Symbol("x")
True
>>> Symbol("x", real=True) == Symbol("x", real=False)
False
"""
cls._sanitize(assumptions, cls)
return Symbol.__xnew_cached_(cls, name, **assumptions)
def __new_stage2__(cls, name, **assumptions):
if not isinstance(name, string_types):
raise TypeError("name should be a string, not %s" % repr(type(name)))
obj = Expr.__new__(cls)
obj.name = name
# TODO: Issue #8873: Forcing the commutative assumption here means
# later code such as ``srepr()`` cannot tell whether the user
# specified ``commutative=True`` or omitted it. To workaround this,
# we keep a copy of the assumptions dict, then create the StdFactKB,
# and finally overwrite its ``._generator`` with the dict copy. This
# is a bit of a hack because we assume StdFactKB merely copies the
# given dict as ``._generator``, but future modification might, e.g.,
# compute a minimal equivalent assumption set.
tmp_asm_copy = assumptions.copy()
# be strict about commutativity
is_commutative = fuzzy_bool(assumptions.get('commutative', True))
assumptions['commutative'] = is_commutative
obj._assumptions = StdFactKB(assumptions)
obj._assumptions._generator = tmp_asm_copy # Issue #8873
return obj
__xnew__ = staticmethod(
__new_stage2__) # never cached (e.g. dummy)
__xnew_cached_ = staticmethod(
cacheit(__new_stage2__)) # symbols are always cached
def __getnewargs__(self):
return (self.name,)
def __getstate__(self):
return {'_assumptions': self._assumptions}
def _hashable_content(self):
# Note: user-specified assumptions not hashed, just derived ones
return (self.name,) + tuple(sorted(self.assumptions0.items()))
def _eval_subs(self, old, new):
from sympy.core.power import Pow
if old.is_Pow:
return Pow(self, S.One, evaluate=False)._eval_subs(old, new)
@property
def assumptions0(self):
return dict((key, value) for key, value
in self._assumptions.items() if value is not None)
@cacheit
def sort_key(self, order=None):
return self.class_key(), (1, (str(self),)), S.One.sort_key(), S.One
def as_dummy(self):
return Dummy(self.name)
def as_real_imag(self, deep=True, **hints):
from sympy import im, re
if hints.get('ignore') == self:
return None
else:
return (re(self), im(self))
def _sage_(self):
import sage.all as sage
return sage.var(self.name)
def is_constant(self, *wrt, **flags):
if not wrt:
return False
return not self in wrt
@property
def free_symbols(self):
return {self}
binary_symbols = free_symbols # in this case, not always
def as_set(self):
return S.UniversalSet
class Dummy(Symbol):
"""Dummy symbols are each unique, even if they have the same name:
>>> from sympy import Dummy
>>> Dummy("x") == Dummy("x")
False
If a name is not supplied then a string value of an internal count will be
used. This is useful when a temporary variable is needed and the name
of the variable used in the expression is not important.
>>> Dummy() #doctest: +SKIP
_Dummy_10
"""
# In the rare event that a Dummy object needs to be recreated, both the
# `name` and `dummy_index` should be passed. This is used by `srepr` for
# example:
# >>> d1 = Dummy()
# >>> d2 = eval(srepr(d1))
# >>> d2 == d1
# True
#
# If a new session is started between `srepr` and `eval`, there is a very
# small chance that `d2` will be equal to a previously-created Dummy.
_count = 0
_prng = random.Random()
_base_dummy_index = _prng.randint(10**6, 9*10**6)
__slots__ = ['dummy_index']
is_Dummy = True
def __new__(cls, name=None, dummy_index=None, **assumptions):
if dummy_index is not None:
assert name is not None, "If you specify a dummy_index, you must also provide a name"
if name is None:
name = "Dummy_" + str(Dummy._count)
if dummy_index is None:
dummy_index = Dummy._base_dummy_index + Dummy._count
Dummy._count += 1
cls._sanitize(assumptions, cls)
obj = Symbol.__xnew__(cls, name, **assumptions)
obj.dummy_index = dummy_index
return obj
def __getstate__(self):
return {'_assumptions': self._assumptions, 'dummy_index': self.dummy_index}
@cacheit
def sort_key(self, order=None):
return self.class_key(), (
2, (str(self), self.dummy_index)), S.One.sort_key(), S.One
def _hashable_content(self):
return Symbol._hashable_content(self) + (self.dummy_index,)
class Wild(Symbol):
"""
A Wild symbol matches anything, or anything
without whatever is explicitly excluded.
Parameters
==========
name : str
Name of the Wild instance.
exclude : iterable, optional
Instances in ``exclude`` will not be matched.
properties : iterable of functions, optional
Functions, each taking an expressions as input
and returns a ``bool``. All functions in ``properties``
need to return ``True`` in order for the Wild instance
to match the expression.
Examples
========
>>> from sympy import Wild, WildFunction, cos, pi
>>> from sympy.abc import x, y, z
>>> a = Wild('a')
>>> x.match(a)
{a_: x}
>>> pi.match(a)
{a_: pi}
>>> (3*x**2).match(a*x)
{a_: 3*x}
>>> cos(x).match(a)
{a_: cos(x)}
>>> b = Wild('b', exclude=[x])
>>> (3*x**2).match(b*x)
>>> b.match(a)
{a_: b_}
>>> A = WildFunction('A')
>>> A.match(a)
{a_: A_}
Tips
====
When using Wild, be sure to use the exclude
keyword to make the pattern more precise.
Without the exclude pattern, you may get matches
that are technically correct, but not what you
wanted. For example, using the above without
exclude:
>>> from sympy import symbols
>>> a, b = symbols('a b', cls=Wild)
>>> (2 + 3*y).match(a*x + b*y)
{a_: 2/x, b_: 3}
This is technically correct, because
(2/x)*x + 3*y == 2 + 3*y, but you probably
wanted it to not match at all. The issue is that
you really didn't want a and b to include x and y,
and the exclude parameter lets you specify exactly
this. With the exclude parameter, the pattern will
not match.
>>> a = Wild('a', exclude=[x, y])
>>> b = Wild('b', exclude=[x, y])
>>> (2 + 3*y).match(a*x + b*y)
Exclude also helps remove ambiguity from matches.
>>> E = 2*x**3*y*z
>>> a, b = symbols('a b', cls=Wild)
>>> E.match(a*b)
{a_: 2*y*z, b_: x**3}
>>> a = Wild('a', exclude=[x, y])
>>> E.match(a*b)
{a_: z, b_: 2*x**3*y}
>>> a = Wild('a', exclude=[x, y, z])
>>> E.match(a*b)
{a_: 2, b_: x**3*y*z}
Wild also accepts a ``properties`` parameter:
>>> a = Wild('a', properties=[lambda k: k.is_Integer])
>>> E.match(a*b)
{a_: 2, b_: x**3*y*z}
"""
is_Wild = True
__slots__ = ['exclude', 'properties']
def __new__(cls, name, exclude=(), properties=(), **assumptions):
exclude = tuple([sympify(x) for x in exclude])
properties = tuple(properties)
cls._sanitize(assumptions, cls)
return Wild.__xnew__(cls, name, exclude, properties, **assumptions)
def __getnewargs__(self):
return (self.name, self.exclude, self.properties)
@staticmethod
@cacheit
def __xnew__(cls, name, exclude, properties, **assumptions):
obj = Symbol.__xnew__(cls, name, **assumptions)
obj.exclude = exclude
obj.properties = properties
return obj
def _hashable_content(self):
return super(Wild, self)._hashable_content() + (self.exclude, self.properties)
# TODO add check against another Wild
def matches(self, expr, repl_dict={}, old=False):
if any(expr.has(x) for x in self.exclude):
return None
if any(not f(expr) for f in self.properties):
return None
repl_dict = repl_dict.copy()
repl_dict[self] = expr
return repl_dict
_range = _re.compile('([0-9]*:[0-9]+|[a-zA-Z]?:[a-zA-Z])')
def symbols(names, **args):
r"""
Transform strings into instances of :class:`Symbol` class.
:func:`symbols` function returns a sequence of symbols with names taken
from ``names`` argument, which can be a comma or whitespace delimited
string, or a sequence of strings::
>>> from sympy import symbols, Function
>>> x, y, z = symbols('x,y,z')
>>> a, b, c = symbols('a b c')
The type of output is dependent on the properties of input arguments::
>>> symbols('x')
x
>>> symbols('x,')
(x,)
>>> symbols('x,y')
(x, y)
>>> symbols(('a', 'b', 'c'))
(a, b, c)
>>> symbols(['a', 'b', 'c'])
[a, b, c]
>>> symbols({'a', 'b', 'c'})
{a, b, c}
If an iterable container is needed for a single symbol, set the ``seq``
argument to ``True`` or terminate the symbol name with a comma::
>>> symbols('x', seq=True)
(x,)
To reduce typing, range syntax is supported to create indexed symbols.
Ranges are indicated by a colon and the type of range is determined by
the character to the right of the colon. If the character is a digit
then all contiguous digits to the left are taken as the nonnegative
starting value (or 0 if there is no digit left of the colon) and all
contiguous digits to the right are taken as 1 greater than the ending
value::
>>> symbols('x:10')
(x0, x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7, x8, x9)
>>> symbols('x5:10')
(x5, x6, x7, x8, x9)
>>> symbols('x5(:2)')
(x50, x51)
>>> symbols('x5:10,y:5')
(x5, x6, x7, x8, x9, y0, y1, y2, y3, y4)
>>> symbols(('x5:10', 'y:5'))
((x5, x6, x7, x8, x9), (y0, y1, y2, y3, y4))
If the character to the right of the colon is a letter, then the single
letter to the left (or 'a' if there is none) is taken as the start
and all characters in the lexicographic range *through* the letter to
the right are used as the range::
>>> symbols('x:z')
(x, y, z)
>>> symbols('x:c') # null range
()
>>> symbols('x(:c)')
(xa, xb, xc)
>>> symbols(':c')
(a, b, c)
>>> symbols('a:d, x:z')
(a, b, c, d, x, y, z)
>>> symbols(('a:d', 'x:z'))
((a, b, c, d), (x, y, z))
Multiple ranges are supported; contiguous numerical ranges should be
separated by parentheses to disambiguate the ending number of one
range from the starting number of the next::
>>> symbols('x:2(1:3)')
(x01, x02, x11, x12)
>>> symbols(':3:2') # parsing is from left to right
(00, 01, 10, 11, 20, 21)
Only one pair of parentheses surrounding ranges are removed, so to
include parentheses around ranges, double them. And to include spaces,
commas, or colons, escape them with a backslash::
>>> symbols('x((a:b))')
(x(a), x(b))
>>> symbols(r'x(:1\,:2)') # or r'x((:1)\,(:2))'
(x(0,0), x(0,1))
All newly created symbols have assumptions set according to ``args``::
>>> a = symbols('a', integer=True)
>>> a.is_integer
True
>>> x, y, z = symbols('x,y,z', real=True)
>>> x.is_real and y.is_real and z.is_real
True
Despite its name, :func:`symbols` can create symbol-like objects like
instances of Function or Wild classes. To achieve this, set ``cls``
keyword argument to the desired type::
>>> symbols('f,g,h', cls=Function)
(f, g, h)
>>> type(_[0])
<class 'sympy.core.function.UndefinedFunction'>
"""
result = []
if isinstance(names, string_types):
marker = 0
literals = [r'\,', r'\:', r'\ ']
for i in range(len(literals)):
lit = literals.pop(0)
if lit in names:
while chr(marker) in names:
marker += 1
lit_char = chr(marker)
marker += 1
names = names.replace(lit, lit_char)
literals.append((lit_char, lit[1:]))
def literal(s):
if literals:
for c, l in literals:
s = s.replace(c, l)
return s
names = names.strip()
as_seq = names.endswith(',')
if as_seq:
names = names[:-1].rstrip()
if not names:
raise ValueError('no symbols given')
# split on commas
names = [n.strip() for n in names.split(',')]
if not all(n for n in names):
raise ValueError('missing symbol between commas')
# split on spaces
for i in range(len(names) - 1, -1, -1):
names[i: i + 1] = names[i].split()
cls = args.pop('cls', Symbol)
seq = args.pop('seq', as_seq)
for name in names:
if not name:
raise ValueError('missing symbol')
if ':' not in name:
symbol = cls(literal(name), **args)
result.append(symbol)
continue
split = _range.split(name)
# remove 1 layer of bounding parentheses around ranges
for i in range(len(split) - 1):
if i and ':' in split[i] and split[i] != ':' and \
split[i - 1].endswith('(') and \
split[i + 1].startswith(')'):
split[i - 1] = split[i - 1][:-1]
split[i + 1] = split[i + 1][1:]
for i, s in enumerate(split):
if ':' in s:
if s[-1].endswith(':'):
raise ValueError('missing end range')
a, b = s.split(':')
if b[-1] in string.digits:
a = 0 if not a else int(a)
b = int(b)
split[i] = [str(c) for c in range(a, b)]
else:
a = a or 'a'
split[i] = [string.ascii_letters[c] for c in range(
string.ascii_letters.index(a),
string.ascii_letters.index(b) + 1)] # inclusive
if not split[i]:
break
else:
split[i] = [s]
else:
seq = True
if len(split) == 1:
names = split[0]
else:
names = [''.join(s) for s in cartes(*split)]
if literals:
result.extend([cls(literal(s), **args) for s in names])
else:
result.extend([cls(s, **args) for s in names])
if not seq and len(result) <= 1:
if not result:
return ()
return result[0]
return tuple(result)
else:
for name in names:
result.append(symbols(name, **args))
return type(names)(result)
def var(names, **args):
"""
Create symbols and inject them into the global namespace.
This calls :func:`symbols` with the same arguments and puts the results
into the *global* namespace. It's recommended not to use :func:`var` in
library code, where :func:`symbols` has to be used::
Examples
========
>>> from sympy import var
>>> var('x')
x
>>> x
x
>>> var('a,ab,abc')
(a, ab, abc)
>>> abc
abc
>>> var('x,y', real=True)
(x, y)
>>> x.is_real and y.is_real
True
See :func:`symbols` documentation for more details on what kinds of
arguments can be passed to :func:`var`.
"""
def traverse(symbols, frame):
"""Recursively inject symbols to the global namespace. """
for symbol in symbols:
if isinstance(symbol, Basic):
frame.f_globals[symbol.name] = symbol
elif isinstance(symbol, FunctionClass):
frame.f_globals[symbol.__name__] = symbol
else:
traverse(symbol, frame)
from inspect import currentframe
frame = currentframe().f_back
try:
syms = symbols(names, **args)
if syms is not None:
if isinstance(syms, Basic):
frame.f_globals[syms.name] = syms
elif isinstance(syms, FunctionClass):
frame.f_globals[syms.__name__] = syms
else:
traverse(syms, frame)
finally:
del frame # break cyclic dependencies as stated in inspect docs
return syms
def disambiguate(*iter):
"""
Return a Tuple containing the passed expressions with symbols
that appear the same when printed replaced with numerically
subscripted symbols, and all Dummy symbols replaced with Symbols.
Parameters
==========
iter: list of symbols or expressions.
Examples
========
>>> from sympy.core.symbol import disambiguate
>>> from sympy import Dummy, Symbol, Tuple
>>> from sympy.abc import y
>>> tup = Symbol('_x'), Dummy('x'), Dummy('x')
>>> disambiguate(*tup)
(x_2, x, x_1)
>>> eqs = Tuple(Symbol('x')/y, Dummy('x')/y)
>>> disambiguate(*eqs)
(x_1/y, x/y)
>>> ix = Symbol('x', integer=True)
>>> vx = Symbol('x')
>>> disambiguate(vx + ix)
(x + x_1,)
To make your own mapping of symbols to use, pass only the free symbols
of the expressions and create a dictionary:
>>> free = eqs.free_symbols
>>> mapping = dict(zip(free, disambiguate(*free)))
>>> eqs.xreplace(mapping)
(x_1/y, x/y)
"""
new_iter = Tuple(*iter)
key = lambda x:tuple(sorted(x.assumptions0.items()))
syms = ordered(new_iter.free_symbols, keys=key)
mapping = {}
for s in syms:
mapping.setdefault(str(s).lstrip('_'), []).append(s)
reps = {}
for k in mapping:
# the first or only symbol doesn't get subscripted but make
# sure that it's a Symbol, not a Dummy
mapk0 = Symbol("%s" % (k), **mapping[k][0].assumptions0)
if mapping[k][0] != mapk0:
reps[mapping[k][0]] = mapk0
# the others get subscripts (and are made into Symbols)
skip = 0
for i in range(1, len(mapping[k])):
while True:
name = "%s_%i" % (k, i + skip)
if name not in mapping:
break
skip += 1
ki = mapping[k][i]
reps[ki] = Symbol(name, **ki.assumptions0)
return new_iter.xreplace(reps)


Warehouse Keeper Sorint:
Ah! I see you have collected all the coins! I feel like crying I'm so happy!
Pardon my outburst, I've made a fool of myself... It is a very special day when one of our members is promoted to level 1. Congratulations!


kvs (kvs v0.1.0)
Link to this section Summary
Types
V
.kvs
type - a list of key-value pairs.K
and values are of type V
.Functions
Unfolds a Proplist
into a list of key-value pairs.
Returns the Value
associated with Key
if KVs
contains Key
.
Returns Value
associated with Key
if KVs
contains Key
. If no value is associated with Key
, Default
is returned.
Returns a map built from Proplist
.
Link to this section Types
keyword()
Specs
An Elixir-compatible keyword list. A list of pairs in which the first item (the key) is an atom.keyword(v)
Specs
keyword(v) :: [{atom(), v}]
V
. Specs
The defaultkvs
type - a list of key-value pairs. t(k, v)
Specs
t(k, v) :: [{k, v}]
K
and values are of type V
. Link to this section Functions
Specs
from_proplist(:proplists.proplist()) :: t()
Unfolds a Proplist
into a list of key-value pairs.
Properties which are not pairs are substituted with pairs where the second element of each is true
.
The call fails with a function_clause
if Proplist
is not a list.
Example:
erl> kvs:from_proplist([a, {b, 2}]). [{a,true},{b,2}] erl> kvs:from_proplist(a). ** exception error: no function clause matching kvs:from_proplist(a) (/Users/erszcz/work/erszcz/kvs/src/kvs.erl, line 68)
Specs
get(key, t(key, value)) :: value when key: var, value: var
Returns the Value
associated with Key
if KVs
contains Key
.
The call fails with a {badkey, Key}
exception if no value is associated with Key
, or with a function_clause
if KVs
is not a list.
Example:
erl> kvs:get(a, [{a, 3}]). 3 erl> kvs:get(z, [{a, 3}]). ** exception error: {badkey,z} in function kvs:get/2 called as kvs:get(z,[{a,3}])
Specs
get(key, t(key, value), default) :: value | default when key: var, default: var, value: var
Returns Value
associated with Key
if KVs
contains Key
. If no value is associated with Key
, Default
is returned.
The call fails with a function_clause
if KVs
is not a list.
Example:
erl> kvs:get(a, [{a, "Just a"}], "Default value"). "Just a" erl> kvs:get(z, [{a, "Just a"}], "Default value"). "Default value"
Specs
proplist_to_map(:proplists.proplist()) :: map()
Returns a map built from Proplist
.
The proplist is first unfolded, i.e. properties which are not pairs are substituted with pairs where the second element of each is true
.
The call fails with a function_clause
if Proplist
is not a list.
Example:
erl> kvs:proplist_to_map([a, {b, 2}]). #{a => true,b => 2} erl> kvs:proplist_to_map(a). ** exception error: no function clause matching kvs:proplist_to_map(a) (/Users/erszcz/work/erszcz/kvs/src/kvs.erl, line 125)


- createDevices() - Method in class frcCSVAPI.RobotConfig
-
Creates the robot devices based on the headers contained.
- createNewHeader(String) - Method in class JavaCSVReader.CSVFile
-
Create new header from given text (should be two lines) each beginning with the headerDelimiter.
- createRawText() - Method in class JavaCSVReader.CSVFile
-
Traverse through the list of headers and create the raw text for a file
based on the data contained in the headers.
- CSVDataHeader - Class in JavaCSVReader
-
This class implements a "spreadsheet" which contains data in
columns and rows.
- CSVDataHeader(String, String[]) - Constructor for class JavaCSVReader.CSVDataHeader
-
Creates a new DataHeader based on the given title and initial column rows
- CSVFile - Class in JavaCSVReader
-
This class implements a container for holding,reading, and writing
CSV data
- CSVFile(String) - Constructor for class JavaCSVReader.CSVFile
-
Constructs a new file that is ascii encoded
- CSVFile(String, String) - Constructor for class JavaCSVReader.CSVFile
-
Constructs a new CSVFile


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Why make this page? Well, it started when my brother and I were talking about Steven Seagal's movies, and how it seems like he breaks so many bones. He made a comment like, "I bet someone has counted all of them and put it up on some page." I looked, but couldn't find any, so I decided that I would do it, as a project in between semesters of school to keep myself busy. Little did I know what I was getting into. I watched and took notes on every single movie while my brother decided to design and code a page (which I had intended to do myself, but he made this look much nicer than what I had in mind). And here it is!  Why are you making fun of him? First off, I do not hate Steven Seagal! I like him and his movies a lot, I own nine of them on DVD, and have seen numerous others in the theater, in fact! I was raised on him and his movies as one of the big action heroes, and I admire him and everything he's done (which is a hell of a lot more than I will ever accomplish, I'm sure ;[ ). While I may poke a bit of fun at some of his movies, it's just that - fun! If you don't have a sense of humor about the things you love and enjoy, are you really enjoying them? Why do you hate Half Past Dead so much? Have you seen it?!? I have! It's terrible. I regret to say that I saw it in the theaters. I am now forever scarred. Did you actually watch all of those movies?  Yes, I watched all of them. Yeah, I kinda am, thanks for pointing it out. :( |


Use TLS for web pages that handle cardholder data. Design the site in such a way that https:// is always visible in the URL of those pages.
HTTPS in the URL tells the user that the session is encrypted with TLS. If frames are used in a web application, then the URL may not accurately reflect whether TLS is used.
Use TLS to encrypt cardholder data sent to the web application. Install the TLS implementation that applies to the web server that you are using. Configure the web server so that TLS is used for accessing the web application. If TLS is not used for all parts of the web application, configure the server so that the parts of the web application that require cardholder data use TLS. If frames are used in the web application, place the page with the frame-set in a location that is accessible only through HTTPS.


The purpose of the Fandangled framework of which the IDL plays a central role is to enable Service analysts to specify service interfaces without the need to detail the technical implementation details of that service. This way business owners can ensure that a service interface exposes the functionality and data they require without having to detail or indeed understand the technical detail of how the service is exposed.
Service implementors can then take that service interface defintion (an IDL file) and convert it to the technical implementation using either a provided codec or one that they have created themselves. Codecs in Fandangled are always one way and so perhaps they should be called encoders, notwithstanding, their purpose is to translate from IDL to a technical implementation.
At the time of writing there exists the following codecs:
Currently in planning or early development are codec for:
This document aims to explain the format of the IDL and explain what each format element means at a sematic level
The file format is a text document, created by any modern text editor such as Notepad, Textpad, vi or gedit. We recommend UTF-8 for the character encoding but ISO-8859-1 and other encoding will work equally well.
The style of the interface definition is very similar to a Java or C# interface however with an emphasis on documentation and business functionality rather than details of scoping and other coding concerns.
Most information is tagged with attribute names and each attribute definition is terminated with a semi-colon. An attribute will look somehting like:
@something string, "some free text in inverted commas";
The attribute name is preceeded with the '@' symobol and conforms to the format of an ID (see below)
An attribute has a number of properties and each property is either an ID, a free text field or a version number
An ID is a string that must start with a letter or an underscore (_) followed by zero or more letters numbers or underscores. All letters must be unaccented latin characters.
Free text fields are surrounded by double quotes and can contain any character sequence including new line indicators. In order to have a literal double quote in a free text field it must be delimited with a backslash. The following is a simple example:
"This is a simple example"
A more complex example might be
"Is this a multiline example with a double quotes in it‽
Yes, it is. What I really need is an accented word like \"naïveté\" to demonstrate accents"
Version numbers in Fandanged are dot separated numbers, they should be strictly increasing with the left being the most significant part. A simple example of a version number is:
1.12.10
The preamble defines a number of peice of information. Let's look at a barebones IDL file to get a feel for the structure of the preamble
@fandangled 0.0.1;
interface InterfaceName exposes ServiceName{
@owner "John Smith"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>@author "Simon Jones"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>@author "Susan Papadopoulos"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>@version 0.0.1;
}
All FIDLs should start with the version of FIDL specification they conform to, in this case 0.0.1, the attribute name for this information is fandangled
@fandangled 0.0.1;
interface InterfaceName exposes ServiceName{
@owner "John Smith"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>@author "Simon Jones"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>@author "Susan Papadopoulos"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>@version 0.0.1;
}
The FIDL version must appear as the first non whitespace in the file
The interface name in this case 'InterfaceName' is whatever you wish to call the service interface, it must be a valid ID
@fandangled 0.0.1;
interface InterfaceName exposes ServiceName{
@owner "John Smith"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>@author "Simon Jones"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>@author "Susan Papadopoulos"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>@version 0.0.1;
}
The service name is the name of the service on which this interface exposes data and functionality. In future this will cause types, enumerations and exception to be imported into the interface, for now it is just a marker
@fandangled 0.0.1;
interface InterfaceName exposes ServiceName{
@owner "John Smith"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>@author "Simon Jones"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>@author "Susan Papadopoulos"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>@version 0.0.1;
}
This is the name and email address of the person accountable for the interface. We strongly recommend this is an individual rather than a role. There can only be one owner.
@fandangled 0.0.1;
interface InterfaceName exposes ServiceName{
@owner "John Smith"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>@author "Simon Jones"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>@author "Susan Papadopoulos"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>@version 0.0.1;
}
This is the name and email address of the author of the interface. This annotation can be repeated multiple times in the case that multiple people have worked on the interface definition
@fandangled 0.0.1;
interface InterfaceName exposes ServiceName{
@owner "John Smith"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>@author "Simon Jones"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>@author "Susan Papadopoulos"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>@version 0.0.1;
}
This is the version of this particular interface, this is reference by the @since attributes of many of the other structures in the file
@fandangled 0.0.1;
interface InterfaceName exposes ServiceName{
@owner "John Smith"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>@author "Simon Jones"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>@author "Susan Papadopoulos"<EMAIL_ADDRESS>@version 0.0.1;
}
Operations represent callable behaviour on the service interface. An operation takes a set of parameters as a request and returns a single parameter of a specified type if things go to plan. Otherwise it will return a single exception. Here follows an example of an operation in FIDL:
Money currencyConvert(mandatory Money sourceAmount, Currency currency) throws ExchangeRateOutOfDateException {
@description "Converts a given amount of money into the equivalent amount according to the current exchange rates
available";
@return "the equivalent amount in the required currency";
@parameter sourceAmount, "The amount of money to convert";
@parameter currency, "the currency to convert the amount to, if not specified USD will be assumed";
@exception ExchangeRateOutOfDateException, "If the exchange rate for the currencies required are not up to date
enough the conversion cannot be calculated";
@since 0.0.1;
}
The return type of the operation is defined at the start of the method signature. In this case it is a Money type.
A description of the return type is provided in the body of the operation against the @return attribute
Money currencyConvert(mandatory Money sourceAmount, Currency currency) throws ExchangeRateOutOfDateException {
@description "Converts a given amount of money into the equivalent amount according to the current exchange rates
available";
@return "the equivalent amount in the required currency";
@parameter sourceAmount, "The amount of money to convert";
@parameter currency, "the currency to convert the amount to, if not specified USD will be assumed";
@exception ExchangeRateOutOfDateException, "If the exchange rate for the currencies required are not up to date
enough the conversion cannot be calculated";
@since 0.0.1;
}
This is simply the operation name
Money currencyConvert(mandatory Money sourceAmount, Currency currency) throws ExchangeRateOutOfDateException {
@description "Converts a given amount of money into the equivalent amount according to the current exchange rates
available";
@return "the equivalent amount in the required currency";
@parameter sourceAmount, "The amount of money to convert";
@parameter currency, "the currency to convert the amount to, if not specified USD will be assumed";
@exception ExchangeRateOutOfDateException, "If the exchange rate for the currencies required are not up to date
enough the conversion cannot be calculated";
@since 0.0.1;
}
Parameters are defined after the operation name in brackets. A parameter consists of the an optional keyword mandatory meaning that the caller should always specify a value for it. Following this the parameters type is defined followed by a name for that parameter. More than one parameter definition can be specified for an operation, they are simply separated by commas.
For each parameter a @parameter attribute it defined in the body of the operation. This allows for the parameter to be documented
Money currencyConvert(mandatory Money sourceAmount, Currency currency) throws ExchangeRateOutOfDateException {
@description "Converts a given amount of money into the equivalent amount according to the current exchange rates
available";
@return "the equivalent amount in the required currency";
@parameter sourceAmount, "The amount of money to convert";
@parameter currency, "the currency to convert the amount to, if not specified USD will be assumed";
@exception ExchangeRateOutOfDateException, "If the exchange rate for the currencies required are not up to date
enough the conversion cannot be calculated";
@since 0.0.1;
}
Exceptions are returned from operations when there the operation cannot be completed correctly for whatever reason. The exception types that the operation can return are defined after the throws keyword. More than one exception can be specified by providing a comma separated list.
The reason why the operation would throw this kind of exception is specified in the @exception attribute. The format first specifies the exception type followed by the description.
Money currencyConvert(mandatory Money sourceAmount, Currency currency) throws ExchangeRateOutOfDateException {
@description "Converts a given amount of money into the equivalent amount according to the current exchange rates
available";
@return "the equivalent amount in the required currency";
@parameter sourceAmount, "The amount of money to convert";
@parameter currency, "the currency to convert the amount to, if not specified USD will be assumed";
@exception ExchangeRateOutOfDateException, "If the exchange rate for the currencies required are not up to date
enough the conversion cannot be calculated";
@since 0.0.1;
}
The @since atrribute specifies the version of the interface that the operation was introduced in. Authors should be clear that any breaking amendment to the operation must require an update to the @since field. So for example in a new parameter is added to an operation then the @since attribute should be update to the version of the interface where that parameter was added. It must not be left at the value that an operation with the same name as added.
Money currencyConvert(mandatory Money sourceAmount, Currency currency) throws ExchangeRateOutOfDateException {
@description "Converts a given amount of money into the equivalent amount according to the current exchange rates
available";
@return "the equivalent amount in the required currency";
@parameter sourceAmount, "The amount of money to convert";
@parameter currency, "the currency to convert the amount to, if not specified USD will be assumed";
@exception ExchangeRateOutOfDateException, "If the exchange rate for the currencies required are not up to date
enough the conversion cannot be calculated";
@since 0.0.1;
}
Types, Events and Exceptions all follow exactly the same structure. The only difference being the keyword they are proceeded by (i.e type, event or exception). The rest of the structure of type is the same as operations only a type cannot throw an exception or have a return.
type Person (mandatory string firstname, mandatory string lastname, mandatory Gender gender, string email,
datetime dateOfBirth){
@description "Represents basic information on a person";
@parameter firstname, "The persons firsname.";
@parameter lastname, "The persons lastname (i.e. surname).";
@parameter gender, "the gendered of the person";
@parameter email, "the persons SMTP email address";
@since 0.0.1;
}
Enumerations are used to provide a list of values that a certain property should be constrained to. They are mostly self explanatory. They have a description just like operations and types, the possible values are listed in brackets, however they don't need to specify the type or whether they are mandatory. Each value can be documented (or not, quite often they are obvious) in the body of the enumeration using the @value attribute.
enumeration Day(MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY, SUNDAY){
@description "Gregorian days of the week.";
@value MONDAY, "blue";
@value TUESDAY, "gray";
@value WEDNESDAY, "gray too";
@value THURSDAY, "don't care";
@value FRIDAY, "I'm in love";
//Not documenting the rest because it's isn't required and there aren't song lyrics for them
@since 0.0.1;
}
FIDL has a number of build in primative types. These are as follows:
The are 3 collection types that can be used in FIDL. The are parametrized by the types that can contain. The parameterization is specified in chevrons after that declation. There 3 types are as follows:


Choose a sedan for its affordability and excellent fuel economy. Ideal for cruising in the city or on your next road trip.
Take an SUV for its spacious interior, power, and versatility. Perfect for your next family vacation and off-road adventures.
Cruise in the best car brands without the bloated prices. Enjoy the enhanced comfort of a luxury rental and arrive in style.


use this button to open HTML or SVG files...
Sciter
version:
System
OS type:
OS version:
GFX backend:
user:
machine:
domain:
country:
language:


"HANANI" God has gratified me, or is gracious. (1.) One of the sons of Heman (1 Chronicles 25:4, 25). (2.) A prophet who was sent to rebuke king Asa for entering into a league with Benhadad I., king of Syria, against Judah (2 Chronicles 16:1-10). He was probably the father of the prophet Jehu (1 Kings 16:7). (3.) Probably a brother of Nehemiah (Nehemiah 1:2; 7:2), who reported to him the melancholy condition of Jerusalem. Nehemiah afterwards appointed him to have charge of the city gates.
"HANANI" God has gratified me, or is gracious. (1.) One of the sons of Heman (1 Chronicles 25:4, 25). (2.) A prophet who was sent to rebuke king Asa for entering into a league with Benhadad I., king of Syria, against Judah (2 Chronicles 16:1-10). He was probably the father of the prophet Jehu (1 Kings 16:7). (3.) Probably a brother of Nehemiah (Nehemiah 1:2; 7:2), who reported to him the melancholy condition of Jerusalem.
Nehemiah afterwards appointed him to have charge of the city gates.


Getting Started¶
This guide covers a step-by-step process on setting up version control, obtaining and building a copy of the source code for a port, building the documentation, running tests, and a description of the directory structure of the MicroPython code base.
Source control with git¶
MicroPython is hosted on GitHub and uses Git for source control. The workflow is such that code is pulled and pushed to and from the main repository. Install the respective version of Git for your operating system to follow through the rest of the steps.
Note
For a reference on the installation instructions, please refer to the Git installation instructions. Learn about the basic git commands in this Git Handbook or any other sources on the internet.
Note
A .git-blame-ignore-revs file is included which avoids the output of git blame getting cluttered by commits which are only for formatting code but have no functional changes. See git blame documentation on how to use this.
Get the code¶
It is recommended that you maintain a fork of the MicroPython repository for your development purposes. The process of obtaining the source code includes the following:
Fork the repository https://github.com/micropython/micropython
You will now have a fork at <https://github.com/<your-user-name>/micropython>.
Clone the forked repository using the following command:
$ git clone https://github.com/<your-user-name>/micropython
Then, configure the remote repositories to be able to collaborate on the MicroPython project.
Configure remote upstream:
$ cd micropython
$ git remote add upstream https://github.com/micropython/micropython
It is common to configure upstream
and origin
on a forked repository
to assist with sharing code changes. You can maintain your own mapping but
it is recommended that origin
maps to your fork and upstream
to the main
MicroPython repository.
After the above configuration, your setup should be similar to this:
$ git remote -v
origin https://github.com/<your-user-name>/micropython (fetch)
origin https://github.com/<your-user-name>/micropython (push)
upstream https://github.com/micropython/micropython (fetch)
upstream https://github.com/micropython/micropython (push)
You should now have a copy of the source code. By default, you are pointing to the master branch. To prepare for further development, it is recommended to work on a development branch.
$ git checkout -b dev-branch
You can give it any name. You will have to compile MicroPython whenever you change to a different branch.
Compile and build the code¶
When compiling MicroPython, you compile a specific port, usually targeting a specific board. Start by installing the required dependencies. Then build the MicroPython cross-compiler before you can successfully compile and build. This applies specifically when using Linux to compile. The Windows instructions are provided in a later section.
Required dependencies¶
Install the required dependencies for Linux:
$ sudo apt-get install build-essential libffi-dev git pkg-config
For the stm32 port, the ARM cross-compiler is required:
$ sudo apt-get install arm-none-eabi-gcc arm-none-eabi-binutils arm-none-eabi-newlib
See the ARM GCC toolchain for the latest details.
Python is also required. Python 2 is supported for now, but we recommend using Python 3. Check that you have Python available on your system:
$ python3
Python 3.5.0 (default, Jul 17 2020, 14:04:10)
[GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
All supported ports have different dependency requirements, see their respective readme files.
Building the MicroPython cross-compiler¶
Almost all ports require building mpy-cross
first to perform pre-compilation
of Python code that will be included in the port firmware:
$ cd mpy-cross
$ make
Note
Note that, mpy-cross
must be built for the host architecture
and not the target architecture.
If it built successfully, you should see a message similar to this:
LINK mpy-cross
text data bss dec hex filename
279328<PHONE_NUMBER>84 44998 mpy-cross
Note
Use make -C mpy-cross
to build the cross-compiler in one statement
without moving to the mpy-cross
directory otherwise, you will need
to do cd ..
for the next steps.
Building the Unix port of MicroPython¶
The Unix port is a version of MicroPython that runs on Linux, macOS, and other Unix-like operating systems. It’s extremely useful for developing MicroPython as it avoids having to deploy your code to a device to test it. In many ways, it works a lot like CPython’s python binary.
To build for the Unix port, make sure all Linux related dependencies are installed as detailed in the
required dependencies section. See the Required dependencies
to make sure that all dependencies are installed for this port. Also, make sure you have a working
environment for gcc
and GNU make
. Ubuntu 20.04 has been used for the example
below but other unixes ought to work with little modification:
$ gcc --version
gcc (Ubuntu 9.3.0-10ubuntu2) 9.3.0
Copyright (C) 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.then build:
$ cd ports/unix
$ make submodules
$ make
If MicroPython built correctly, you should see the following:
LINK micropython
text data bss dec hex filename
412033 5680 2496<PHONE_NUMBER>1 micropython
Now run it:
$ ./micropython
MicroPython v1.13-38-gc67012d-dirty on 2020-09-13; linux version
Use Ctrl-D to exit, Ctrl-E for paste mode
>>> print("hello world")
hello world
>>>
Building the Windows port¶
The Windows port includes a Visual Studio project file micropython.vcxproj that you can use to build micropython.exe. It can be opened in Visual Studio or built from the command line using msbuild. Alternatively, it can be built using mingw, either in Windows with Cygwin, or on Linux. See windows port documentation for more information.
Building the STM32 port¶
Like the Unix port, you need to install some required dependencies as detailed in the Required dependencies section, then build:
$ cd ports/stm32
$ make submodules
$ make
Please refer to the stm32 documentation for more details on flashing the firmware.
Note
See the Required dependencies to make sure that all dependencies are installed for this port.
The cross-compiler is needed. arm-none-eabi-gcc
should also be in the $PATH or specified manually
via CROSS_COMPILE, either by setting the environment variable or in the make
command line arguments.
You can also specify which board to use:
$ cd ports/stm32
$ make submodules
$ make BOARD=<board>
See ports/stm32/boards for the available boards. e.g. “PYBV11” or “NUCLEO_WB55”.
Building the documentation¶
MicroPython documentation is created using Sphinx
. If you have already
installed Python, then install Sphinx
using pip
. It is recommended
that you use a virtual environment:
$ python3 -m venv env
$ source env/bin/activate
$ pip install sphinx
Navigate to the docs
directory:
$ cd docs
Build the docs:
$ make html
Open docs/build/html/index.html
in your browser to view the docs locally. Refer to the
documentation on importing your documentation to use Read the Docs.
Running the tests¶
To run all tests in the test suite on the Unix port use:
$ cd ports/unix
$ make test
To run a selection of tests on a board/device connected over USB use:
$ cd tests
$ ./run-tests.py --target minimal --device /dev/ttyACM0
See also Writing tests.
Folder structure¶
There are a couple of directories to take note of in terms of where certain implementation details are. The following is a break down of the top-level folders in the source code.
py
Contains the compiler, runtime, and core library implementation.
mpy-cross
Has the MicroPython cross-compiler which pre-compiles the Python scripts to bytecode.
ports
Code for all the versions of MicroPython for the supported ports.
lib
Low-level C libraries used by any port which are mostly 3rd-party libraries.
drivers
Has drivers for specific hardware and intended to work across multiple ports.
extmod
Contains a C implementation of more non-core modules.
docs
Has the standard documentation found at https://docs.micropython.org/.
tests
An implementation of the test suite.
tools
Contains helper tools including the
upip
and thepyboard.py
module.
examples
Example code for building MicroPython as a library as well as native modules.


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[Erowid Warning: Our understanding of the literature is that there is no such thing as safe use of volatile solvents, aerosols and other street inhalants : their psychoactive effects are inseparable from nerve and organ damage. We have chosen to include these reports to help document the real world use of inhalants, but their inclusion is not intended to imply that they are anything but dangerous.]
It all started with weed one night I was out of weed and I wanted to get high so I got the gas can and started huffing I did this all night and the next day at about 10:30 I huffed for about 20 minutes I was started to see what looked like little dots of color everywhere and my body was dumb it started to get hard to breath I stopped huffing and went in side and listened to some music but then I felt like a was dieing its hard to explain the feeling I was having. As I sat there it felt like I was going to stop breathing I was so scared I layed down to try to go to sleep but I was afraid I was going to stop breathing in my sleep. I had to sit there and deal with the feeling until it wore off.
That night was one of the scariest nights I have had, huffing gas is very bad and this is what showed me how bad it really is. Please do not huff gas no one have to go through what happened to me that night. It all started with weed one night I was out of weed and I wanted to get high so I got the gas can and started huffing I did this all night and the next day at about 10:30 I huffed for about 20 minutes I was started to see what looked like little dots of color everywhere and my body was dumb it started to get hard to breath I stopped huffing and went in side and listened to some music but then I felt like a was dieing its hard to explain the feeling I was having. As I sat there it felt like I was going to stop breathing I was so scared I layed down to try to go to sleep but I was afraid I was going to stop breathing in my sleep. I had to sit there and deal with the feeling until it wore off.
That night was one of the scariest nights I have had, huffing gas is very bad and this is what showed me how bad it really is. Please do not huff gas no one have to go through what happened to me that night.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


This is a solver for the Hanayama Cast Duet puzzle.
Select the start and target position, then push Solve to get the corresponding move sequence.
See full explanation.
Positions follow a simple convention and there are buttons for automatically setting a few predefined positions to be used as examples.
Here's a full explanation on how to setup any puzzle position.
First, place the puzzle with the "DUET" sign up, and the round corner in the bottom right.
The puzzle forms a 3x3 grid.
Each cell in the grid is assigned a coordinate of the form (column,row) where cell (1,1) is the bottom left cell, just above the "D" of "DUET",
and cell (3,1) is the round corner in the bottom right. The center cell is (2,2), the top right cell is (3,3).
The grid actually extends beyond the puzzle frame, because at least part of the ring can be there too.
So, it's possible to have coordinates like (1,0) for the "virtual" cell below the "D" of "DUET", and (4,1) for the cell just to the right of the round corner.
Because the puzzle frame is fixed, a position is described by the position of a half-ring and encoded as follow:
- the letter "U" if the peg is in the upper part of the ring, otherwise the letter "D";
- the coordinates of the cell that contains the peg (the part of the ring with the gap);
- the coordinates of the cell that contains the solid part of the ring.
The special notation "FREE" means that a half-ring is out of the frame.
This may look intimidating at first but it will become clear very quickly as you look at the provided examples and at the solution steps.
Note: this program works on a half-ring at a time, and does not consider interactions between the half-rings. You may have to figure out how to properly combine the two independent solutions.


REVEALED: Manchester United favourites to replace Ole Gunnar Solskjaer with Mauricio Pochettino
by Magnus EriksenManchester United are the bookies’ favourites to swoop for former Tottenham manager Mauricio Pochettino following his sacking this week.
The Argentine has established himself as one of the finest tacticians in world football in recent times and has been linked with Man Utd on more than one occasion.
MORE: Opinion: Manchester United, Arsenal and three other clubs who should be going all out for Mauricio Pochettino
Pochettino was first eyed up by the Red Devils during Louis van Gaal’s reign, and then once again after the club sacked Jose Mourinho – his successor at Spurs – last season.
He’s well known to be highly regarded by Sir Alex Ferguson, which is not too surprising given his ability to build solid, yet entertaining sides who know how to win big games.
Pochettino has also done well to build around young players in his spells with both Tottenham and Southampton, and that should endear him to the Old Trafford faithful.
According to latest odds from Ladbrokes, United are the favourites to snap him up now that he’s available, which is bound to go down well with supporters after a rough few months under Ole Gunnar Solskjaer…
Mauricio Pochettino’s next club odds (Ladbrokes)
Manchester United – 11/4
Bayern Munich – 3/1
Real Madrid – 7/2
PSG – 7/1
Arsenal – 10/1
AC Milan – 12/1
Juventus – 12/1


xforms-rebuild
xforms-recalculate
xforms-revalidate
xforms-refresh
10.g delete in action element
When you activate the Delete trigger you must see five messages: xforms:action,
xforms-rebuild, xforms-recalculate, xforms-revalidate, and
xforms-refresh.
Delete
xforms:action


{% load staticfiles %}
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The Starbuzz Bean Machine
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Javascript library to create pixel art from an image.
Pixel It allows you to take an image and convert into pixel art. You can define the "pixel" size, create a pixel image using a color palette and also convert to a pixel grayscale image.
You can use Pixel It to be your jump start to make some pixel art. Check the documentation for all the available api methods.
Blocksize of 7 and no other modification
Blocksize of 17 and a 4 Color palette
blocksize of 10 and greyscale
Blocksize of 8 and a 16 Color palette
You can try pixel It live here, you can use the default image (just change some value) or upload an image to start see the changes.
Click on the color to change it
After clicking save you need to refresh to see the palette added
Click clear to remove all of your custom palettes, this is irreversible. Refresh to see changes.
To use the quick default configuration you need an element from where to draw the image and canvas element with the id pixelitcanvas. Then load the pixelit.js script and apply it on an image.
<img src="assets/sky.jpg" id="pixelitimg" alt=""> <canvas id="pixelitcanvas"></canvas> <script src="dist/pixelit.js"></script> <script> //create object const px = new pixelit(); px.draw().pixelate(); </script
You can pass some options when creating the instance (you can alter them later using the api methods).
config = { to : elem, defaults to document.getElementById("pixelitcanvas") from : elem, defaults to document.getElementById("pixelitimg") scale : int from 0-50, defaults to 8 palette : [[r,g,b]], defaults to a fixed palette maxHeight: int, defaults to null maxWidth: int, defaults to null }
You can chain all methods together, beware that the order they are applied can change the final result.
Applying first the color palette and then the greyscale can give a slightlity different image.
.draw() draw to canvas from image source and resizes if max height or max width is reached
.hideFromImg() hides the from image element, is applied on object creation
.setDrawFrom(elem) elem to get the image to pixelate
.setDrawTo(elem) canvas elem to draw the image
.setFromImgSource(src) change the src from the image element
.setpalette(arr) sets the color palette to use, takes an array of rgb colors: [[int,int,int]], int from 0 to 255
.setMaxWidth(int) set canvas image maximum width, it can resize the output image, only used when .resizeImage() is applied
.setMaxHeight(int) set canvas image maximum height, it can resize the output image, max height overrides max width, only used when .resizeImage() is applied
.setScale(int) set pixelate scale [0...50]
.getpalette() returns array of current palette, can't be chained
.convertGrayscale() converts image to greyscale, apply only after .draw is called
.convertpalette() converts image with the defined color palette, apply only after .draw is called
.resizeImage() resizes the output image if bigger than the defined max Height or max Width
.pixelate() draws a pixelated version of the from image to the to canvas, , apply only after .draw is called
.saveImage() saves/downloads current image


The displacements in a general datatype are relative to some initial buffer address. Absolute addresses can be substituted for these displacements: we treat them as displacements relative to ``address zero,'' the start of the address space. This initial address zero is indicated by the constant MPI_BOTTOM. Thus, a datatype can specify the absolute address of the entries in the communication buffer, in which case the buf argument is passed the value MPI_BOTTOM.
The address of a location in memory can be found by invoking the
function
MPI_GET_ADDRESS.
| MPI_GET_ADDRESS(location, address) | |
| IN location | location in caller memory (choice) |
| OUT address | address of location (integer) |
int MPI_Get_address(void *location, MPI_Aint *address)
MPI_GET_ADDRESS(LOCATION, ADDRESS, IERROR)
<type> LOCATION(*)
INTEGER IERROR
INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) ADDRESS
MPI::Aint MPI::Get_address(void* location)
This function replaces MPI_ADDRESS, whose use is deprecated. See also Chapter Deprecated Functions
.
Returns the (byte) address of location.
Advice to users.
Current Fortran MPI codes will run unmodified, and will port to any
system. However, they may fail if addresses larger than 232 -1
are used in the program. New codes should be written so that they use
the new functions. This provides compatibility
with C/C++ and avoids errors on 64 bit architectures. However, such
newly written codes may need to be (slightly) rewritten to port to old
Fortran 77 environments that do not support KIND
declarations.
( End of advice to users.)
Example
Using MPI_GET_ADDRESS for an array.
REAL A(100,100) INTEGER(KIND=MPI_ADDRESS_KIND) I1, I2, DIFF CALL MPI_GET_ADDRESS(A(1,1), I1, IERROR) CALL MPI_GET_ADDRESS(A(10,10), I2, IERROR) DIFF = I2 - I1 ! The value of DIFF is 909*sizeofreal; the values of I1 and I2 are ! implementation dependent.
Advice to users.
C users may be tempted to avoid the usage of
MPI_GET_ADDRESS
and rely on
the availability of the address operator &. Note, however, that
& cast-expression is a pointer, not an
address.
ISO C
does not require that the value of a pointer
(or the pointer cast to int) be
the absolute address of the object pointed at --- although this is
commonly the case.
Furthermore, referencing may not have a unique
definition on machines with a segmented address space.
The use of
MPI_GET_ADDRESS
to ``reference'' C
variables guarantees portability to such machines as well.
( End of advice to users.)
Advice to users.
To prevent problems with the argument copying and register optimization done
by Fortran compilers, please note the hints in subsections ``Problems Due to
Data Copying and Sequence Association,'' and ``A Problem with
Register Optimization''
in Section Problems With Fortran Bindings for MPI
on
pages Problems Due to Data Copying and Sequence Association
and A Problem with Register Optimization
.
( End of advice to users.)
The following auxiliary function provides useful information on
derived datatypes.
| MPI_TYPE_SIZE(datatype, size) | |
| IN datatype | datatype (handle) |
| OUT size | datatype size (integer) |
int MPI_Type_size(MPI_Datatype datatype, int *size)
MPI_TYPE_SIZE(DATATYPE, SIZE, IERROR)
INTEGER DATATYPE, SIZE, IERROR
int MPI::Datatype::Get_size() const
MPI_TYPE_SIZE returns the total size, in bytes, of the entries in
the type signature
associated with datatype; i.e., the total size of
the data in a message that would be created with this datatype. Entries that
occur multiple times in the datatype are counted with their multiplicity.


class Net::FTP
This class implements the File Transfer Protocol. If you have used a command-line FTP program, and are familiar with the commands, you will be able to use this class easily. Some extra features are included to take advantage of Ruby's style and strengths.
Example¶ ↑
require 'net/ftp'
Example 1¶ ↑
ftp = Net::FTP.new('example.com') ftp.login files = ftp.chdir('pub/lang/ruby/contrib') files = ftp.list('n*') ftp.getbinaryfile('nif.rb-0.91.gz', 'nif.gz', 1024) ftp.close
Example 2¶ ↑
Net::FTP.open('example.com') do |ftp| ftp.login files = ftp.chdir('pub/lang/ruby/contrib') files = ftp.list('n*') ftp.getbinaryfile('nif.rb-0.91.gz', 'nif.gz', 1024) end
Major Methods¶ ↑
The following are the methods most likely to be useful to users:
Constants
- CASE_DEPENDENT_PARSER
- CASE_INDEPENDENT_PARSER
- DECIMAL_PARSER
- FACT_PARSERS
- OCTAL_PARSER
- TIME_PARSER
Attributes
When true
, transfers are performed in binary mode. Default:
true
.
When true
, all traffic to and from the server is written to
+$stdout+. Default: false
.
The server's last response.
The server's last response code.
The server's last response code.
Number of seconds to wait for the connection to open. Any number may be
used, including Floats for fractional seconds. If the FTP object cannot open a connection in this many
seconds, it raises a Net::OpenTimeout
exception. The default value is nil
.
When true
, the connection is in passive mode. Default:
true
.
Number of seconds to wait for one block to be read (via one read(2) call). Any number may be used, including Floats for fractional seconds. If the FTP object cannot read data in this many seconds, it raises a Timeout::Error exception. The default value is 60 seconds.
Sets or retrieves the resume
status, which decides whether
incomplete transfers are resumed or restarted. Default:
false
.
Number of seconds to wait for the TLS handshake. Any number may be used,
including Floats for fractional seconds. If the FTP
object cannot complete the TLS handshake in this many seconds, it raises a
Net::OpenTimeout exception. The default
value is nil
. If ssl_handshake_timeout
is
nil
, open_timeout
is used instead.
The server's welcome message.
Public Class Methods
When true
, connections are in passive mode per default.
Default: true
.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 150 def self.default_passive @@default_passive end
When true
, connections are in passive mode per default.
Default: true
.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 144 def self.default_passive=(value) @@default_passive = value end
Creates and returns a new FTP
object. If a host
is given, a connection is made.
options
is an option hash, each key of which is a symbol.
The available options are:
- port
-
Port number (default value is 21)
- ssl
-
If options is true, then an attempt will be made to use SSL (now TLS) to connect to the server. For this to work OpenSSL [OSSL] and the Ruby OpenSSL [RSSL] extensions need to be installed. If options is a hash, it's passed to OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#set_params as parameters.
- private_data_connection
-
If true, TLS is used for data connections. Default:
true
when options is true. - username
-
Username for login. If options is the string “anonymous” and the options is
nil
, “anonymous@” is used as a password. - password
-
Password for login.
- account
-
Account information for ACCT.
- passive
-
When
true
, the connection is in passive mode. Default:true
. - #open_timeout
-
Number of seconds to wait for the connection to open. See #open_timeout for details. Default:
nil
. - #read_timeout
-
Number of seconds to wait for one block to be read. See #read_timeout for details. Default:
60
. - #ssl_handshake_timeout
-
Number of seconds to wait for the TLS handshake. See #ssl_handshake_timeout for details. Default:
nil
. - #debug_mode
-
When
true
, all traffic to and from the server is written to +$stdout+. Default:false
.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 210 def initialize(host = nil, user_or_options = {}, passwd = nil, acct = nil) super() begin options = user_or_options.to_hash rescue NoMethodError # for backward compatibility options = {} options[:username] = user_or_options options[:password] = passwd options[:account] = acct end @host = nil if options[:ssl] unless defined?(OpenSSL::SSL) raise "SSL extension not installed" end ssl_params = options[:ssl] == true ? {} : options[:ssl] @ssl_context = SSLContext.new @ssl_context.set_params(ssl_params) if defined?(VerifyCallbackProc) @ssl_context.verify_callback = VerifyCallbackProc end @ssl_session = nil if options[:private_data_connection].nil? @private_data_connection = true else @private_data_connection = options[:private_data_connection] end else @ssl_context = nil if options[:private_data_connection] raise ArgumentError, "private_data_connection can be set to true only when ssl is enabled" end @private_data_connection = false end @binary = true if options[:passive].nil? @passive = @@default_passive else @passive = options[:passive] end if options[:debug_mode].nil? @debug_mode = false else @debug_mode = options[:debug_mode] end @resume = false @bare_sock = @sock = NullSocket.new @logged_in = false @open_timeout = options[:open_timeout] @ssl_handshake_timeout = options[:ssl_handshake_timeout] @read_timeout = options[:read_timeout] || 60 if host if options[:port] connect(host, options[:port] || FTP_PORT) else # spec/rubyspec/library/net/ftp/initialize_spec.rb depends on # the number of arguments passed to connect.... connect(host) end if options[:username] login(options[:username], options[:password], options[:account]) end end end
A synonym for FTP.new
, but with a mandatory host parameter.
If a block is given, it is passed the FTP
object, which will
be closed when the block finishes, or when an exception is raised.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 160 def FTP.open(host, *args) if block_given? ftp = new(host, *args) begin yield ftp ensure ftp.close end else new(host, *args) end end
Public Instance Methods
Aborts the previous command (ABOR command).
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1228 def abort line = "ABOR" + CRLF print "put: ABOR\n" if @debug_mode @sock.send(line, Socket::MSG_OOB) resp = getmultiline unless ["426", "226", "225"].include?(resp[0, 3]) raise FTPProtoError, resp end return resp end
Sends the ACCT command.
This is a less common FTP command, to send account information if the destination host requires it.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 881 def acct(account) cmd = "ACCT " + account voidcmd(cmd) end
A setter to toggle transfers in binary mode. newmode
is either
true
or false
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 279 def binary=(newmode) if newmode != @binary @binary = newmode send_type_command if @logged_in end end
Changes the (remote) directory.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1149 def chdir(dirname) if dirname == ".." begin voidcmd("CDUP") return rescue FTPPermError => e if e.message[0, 3] != "500" raise e end end end cmd = "CWD #{dirname}" voidcmd(cmd) end
Closes the connection. Further operations are impossible until you open a new connection with connect.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1306 def close if @sock and not @sock.closed? begin @sock.shutdown(Socket::SHUT_WR) rescue nil orig, self.read_timeout = self.read_timeout, 3 @sock.read rescue nil ensure @sock.close self.read_timeout = orig end end end
Returns true
iff the connection is closed.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1322 def closed? @sock == nil or @sock.closed? end
Establishes an FTP connection to host, optionally
overriding the default port. If the environment variable
SOCKS_SERVER
is set, sets up the connection through a SOCKS
proxy. Raises an exception (typically Errno::ECONNREFUSED
) if
the connection cannot be established.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 368 def connect(host, port = FTP_PORT) if @debug_mode print "connect: ", host, ", ", port, "\n" end synchronize do @host = host @bare_sock = open_socket(host, port) @sock = BufferedSocket.new(@bare_sock, read_timeout: @read_timeout) voidresp if @ssl_context begin voidcmd("AUTH TLS") ssl_sock = start_tls_session(@bare_sock) @sock = BufferedSSLSocket.new(ssl_sock, read_timeout: @read_timeout) if @private_data_connection voidcmd("PBSZ 0") voidcmd("PROT P") end rescue OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError, OpenTimeout @sock.close raise end end end end
Deletes a file on the server.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1135 def delete(filename) resp = sendcmd("DELE #{filename}") if resp.start_with?("250") return elsif resp.start_with?("5") raise FTPPermError, resp else raise FTPReplyError, resp end end
Retrieves remotefile
in whatever mode the session is set (text
or binary). See gettextfile
and getbinaryfile.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 810 def get(remotefile, localfile = File.basename(remotefile), blocksize = DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE, &block) # :yield: data if @binary getbinaryfile(remotefile, localfile, blocksize, &block) else gettextfile(remotefile, localfile, &block) end end
Retrieves remotefile
in binary mode, storing the result in
localfile
. If localfile
is nil, returns retrieved
data. If a block is supplied, it is passed the retrieved data in
blocksize
chunks.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 749 def getbinaryfile(remotefile, localfile = File.basename(remotefile), blocksize = DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE, &block) # :yield: data f = nil result = nil if localfile if @resume rest_offset = File.size?(localfile) f = File.open(localfile, "a") else rest_offset = nil f = File.open(localfile, "w") end elsif !block_given? result = String.new end begin f&.binmode retrbinary("RETR #{remotefile}", blocksize, rest_offset) do |data| f&.write(data) block&.(data) result&.concat(data) end return result ensure f&.close end end
Retrieves remotefile
in ASCII (text) mode, storing the result
in localfile
. If localfile
is nil, returns
retrieved data. If a block is supplied, it is passed the retrieved data one
line at a time.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 784 def gettextfile(remotefile, localfile = File.basename(remotefile), &block) # :yield: line f = nil result = nil if localfile f = File.open(localfile, "w") elsif !block_given? result = String.new end begin retrlines("RETR #{remotefile}") do |line, newline| l = newline ? line + "\n" : line f&.print(l) block&.(line, newline) result&.concat(l) end return result ensure f&.close end end
Issues the HELP command.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1270 def help(arg = nil) cmd = "HELP" if arg cmd = cmd + " " + arg end sendcmd(cmd) end
Returns an array of file information in the directory (the output is like `ls -l`). If a block is given, it iterates through the listing.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 905 def list(*args, &block) # :yield: line cmd = "LIST" args.each do |arg| cmd = "#{cmd} #{arg}" end lines = [] retrlines(cmd) do |line| lines << line end if block lines.each(&block) end return lines end
Logs in to the remote host. The session must have been previously
connected. If user
is the string “anonymous” and the
password
is nil
, “anonymous@” is used as a
password. If the acct
parameter is not nil
, an
FTP ACCT command is sent following the successful
login. Raises an exception on error (typically
Net::FTPPermError
).
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 600 def login(user = "anonymous", passwd = nil, acct = nil) if user == "anonymous" and passwd == nil passwd = "anonymous@" end resp = "" synchronize do resp = sendcmd('USER ' + user) if resp.start_with?("3") raise FTPReplyError, resp if passwd.nil? resp = sendcmd('PASS ' + passwd) end if resp.start_with?("3") raise FTPReplyError, resp if acct.nil? resp = sendcmd('ACCT ' + acct) end end if !resp.start_with?("2") raise FTPReplyError, resp end @welcome = resp send_type_command @logged_in = true end
Returns the raw last modification time of the (remote) file in the format “YYYYMMDDhhmmss” (MDTM command).
Use mtime
if you want a parsed Time
instance.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1260 def mdtm(filename) resp = sendcmd("MDTM #{filename}") if resp.start_with?("213") return get_body(resp) end end
Creates a remote directory.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1193 def mkdir(dirname) resp = sendcmd("MKD #{dirname}") return parse257(resp) end
Returns an array of the entries of the directory specified by
pathname
. Each entry has the facts (e.g., size, last
modification time, etc.) and the pathname. If a block is given, it iterates
through the listing. If pathname
is omitted, the current
directory is assumed.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1109 def mlsd(pathname = nil, &block) # :yield: entry cmd = pathname ? "MLSD #{pathname}" : "MLSD" entries = [] retrlines(cmd) do |line| entries << parse_mlsx_entry(line) end if block entries.each(&block) end return entries end
Returns data (e.g., size, last modification time, entry type, etc.) about
the file or directory specified by pathname
. If
pathname
is omitted, the current directory is assumed.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1087 def mlst(pathname = nil) cmd = pathname ? "MLST #{pathname}" : "MLST" resp = sendcmd(cmd) if !resp.start_with?("250") raise FTPReplyError, resp end line = resp.lines[1] unless line raise FTPProtoError, resp end entry = line.sub(/\A(250-| *)/, "") return parse_mlsx_entry(entry) end
Returns the last modification time of the (remote) file. If
local
is true
, it is returned as a local time,
otherwise it's a UTC time.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1186 def mtime(filename, local = false) return TIME_PARSER.(mdtm(filename), local) end
Returns an array of filenames in the remote directory.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 889 def nlst(dir = nil) cmd = "NLST" if dir cmd = "#{cmd} #{dir}" end files = [] retrlines(cmd) do |line| files.push(line) end return files end
Issues a NOOP command.
Does nothing except return a response.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1290 def noop voidcmd("NOOP") end
Transfers localfile
to the server in whatever mode the session
is set (text or binary). See puttextfile and putbinaryfile.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 866 def put(localfile, remotefile = File.basename(localfile), blocksize = DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE, &block) if @binary putbinaryfile(localfile, remotefile, blocksize, &block) else puttextfile(localfile, remotefile, &block) end end
Transfers localfile
to the server in binary mode, storing the
result in remotefile
. If a block is supplied, calls it,
passing in the transmitted data in blocksize
chunks.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 824 def putbinaryfile(localfile, remotefile = File.basename(localfile), blocksize = DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE, &block) # :yield: data if @resume begin rest_offset = size(remotefile) rescue Net::FTPPermError rest_offset = nil end else rest_offset = nil end f = File.open(localfile) begin f.binmode if rest_offset storbinary("APPE #{remotefile}", f, blocksize, rest_offset, &block) else storbinary("STOR #{remotefile}", f, blocksize, rest_offset, &block) end ensure f.close end end
Transfers localfile
to the server in ASCII (text) mode,
storing the result in remotefile
. If callback or an associated
block is supplied, calls it, passing in the transmitted data one line at a
time.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 853 def puttextfile(localfile, remotefile = File.basename(localfile), &block) # :yield: line f = File.open(localfile) begin storlines("STOR #{remotefile}", f, &block) ensure f.close end end
Returns the current remote directory.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1208 def pwd resp = sendcmd("PWD") return parse257(resp) end
Exits the FTP session.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1281 def quit voidcmd("QUIT") end
Setter for the #read_timeout attribute.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 127 def read_timeout=(sec) @sock.read_timeout = sec @read_timeout = sec end
Renames a file on the server.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1124 def rename(fromname, toname) resp = sendcmd("RNFR #{fromname}") if !resp.start_with?("3") raise FTPReplyError, resp end voidcmd("RNTO #{toname}") end
Puts the connection into binary (image) mode, issues the given command, and
fetches the data returned, passing it to the associated block in chunks of
blocksize
characters. Note that cmd
is a server
command (such as “RETR myfile”).
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 631 def retrbinary(cmd, blocksize, rest_offset = nil) # :yield: data synchronize do with_binary(true) do begin conn = transfercmd(cmd, rest_offset) loop do data = conn.read(blocksize) break if data == nil yield(data) end conn.shutdown(Socket::SHUT_WR) conn.read_timeout = 1 conn.read ensure conn.close if conn end voidresp end end end
Puts the connection into ASCII (text) mode, issues the given command, and
passes the resulting data, one line at a time, to the associated block. If
no block is given, prints the lines. Note that cmd
is a server
command (such as “RETR myfile”).
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 658 def retrlines(cmd) # :yield: line synchronize do with_binary(false) do begin conn = transfercmd(cmd) loop do line = conn.gets break if line == nil yield(line.sub(/\r?\n\z/, ""), !line.match(/\n\z/).nil?) end conn.shutdown(Socket::SHUT_WR) conn.read_timeout = 1 conn.read ensure conn.close if conn end voidresp end end end
Removes a remote directory.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1201 def rmdir(dirname) voidcmd("RMD #{dirname}") end
Sends a command and returns the response.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 493 def sendcmd(cmd) synchronize do putline(cmd) return getresp end end
Issues a SITE command.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1297 def site(arg) cmd = "SITE " + arg voidcmd(cmd) end
Returns the size of the given (remote) filename.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1172 def size(filename) with_binary(true) do resp = sendcmd("SIZE #{filename}") if !resp.start_with?("213") raise FTPReplyError, resp end return get_body(resp).to_i end end
Returns the status (STAT command). pathname - when stat is invoked with pathname as a parameter it acts like
list but alot faster and over the same tcp session.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1244 def status(pathname = nil) line = pathname ? "STAT #{pathname}" : "STAT" if /[\r\n]/ =~ line raise ArgumentError, "A line must not contain CR or LF" end print "put: #{line}\n" if @debug_mode @sock.send(line + CRLF, Socket::MSG_OOB) return getresp end
Puts the connection into binary (image) mode, issues the given server-side
command (such as “STOR myfile”), and sends the contents of the file named
file
to the server. If the optional block is given, it also
passes it the data, in chunks of blocksize
characters.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 685 def storbinary(cmd, file, blocksize, rest_offset = nil) # :yield: data if rest_offset file.seek(rest_offset, IO::SEEK_SET) end synchronize do with_binary(true) do conn = transfercmd(cmd) loop do buf = file.read(blocksize) break if buf == nil conn.write(buf) yield(buf) if block_given? end conn.close voidresp end end rescue Errno::EPIPE # EPIPE, in this case, means that the data connection was unexpectedly # terminated. Rather than just raising EPIPE to the caller, check the # response on the control connection. If getresp doesn't raise a more # appropriate exception, re-raise the original exception. getresp raise end
Puts the connection into ASCII (text) mode, issues the given server-side
command (such as “STOR myfile”), and sends the contents of the file named
file
to the server, one line at a time. If the optional block
is given, it also passes it the lines.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 717 def storlines(cmd, file) # :yield: line synchronize do with_binary(false) do conn = transfercmd(cmd) loop do buf = file.gets break if buf == nil if buf[-2, 2] != CRLF buf = buf.chomp + CRLF end conn.write(buf) yield(buf) if block_given? end conn.close voidresp end end rescue Errno::EPIPE # EPIPE, in this case, means that the data connection was unexpectedly # terminated. Rather than just raising EPIPE to the caller, check the # response on the control connection. If getresp doesn't raise a more # appropriate exception, re-raise the original exception. getresp raise end
Returns system information.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1217 def system resp = sendcmd("SYST") if !resp.start_with?("215") raise FTPReplyError, resp end return get_body(resp) end
Sends a command and expect a response beginning with '2'.
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 503 def voidcmd(cmd) synchronize do putline(cmd) voidresp end end
Private Instance Methods
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1067 def parse_mlsx_entry(entry) facts, pathname = entry.chomp.split(/ /, 2) unless pathname raise FTPProtoError, entry end return MLSxEntry.new( facts.scan(/(.*?)=(.*?);/).each_with_object({}) { |(factname, value), h| name = factname.downcase h[name] = FACT_PARSERS[name].(value) }, pathname) end
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1360 def parse_pasv_ipv4_host(s) return s.tr(",", ".") end
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1365 def parse_pasv_ipv6_host(s) return s.split(/,/).map { |i| "%02x" % i.to_i }.each_slice(2).map(&:join).join(":") end
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 1372 def parse_pasv_port(s) return s.split(/,/).map(&:to_i).inject { |x, y| (x << 8) + y } end
# File lib/net/ftp.rb, line 344 def start_tls_session(sock) ssl_sock = SSLSocket.new(sock, @ssl_context) ssl_sock.sync_close = true ssl_sock.hostname = @host if ssl_sock.respond_to? :hostname= if @ssl_session && Process.clock_gettime(Process::CLOCK_REALTIME) < @ssl_session.time.to_f + @ssl_session.timeout # ProFTPD returns 425 for data connections if session is not reused. ssl_sock.session = @ssl_session end ssl_socket_connect(ssl_sock, @ssl_handshake_timeout || @open_timeout) if @ssl_context.verify_mode != VERIFY_NONE ssl_sock.post_connection_check(@host) end @ssl_session = ssl_sock.session return ssl_sock end


This is a website for you to create motivational profiles, track your motivational trajectories and changes your life!
These constructs are based on self-deterination theory.Self-determination theory (SDT) is a macro theory of human motivation and personality, concerning people's inherent growth tendencies and their innate psychological needs. It is concerned with the motivation behind the choices that people make without any external influence and interference.It is concerned with the motivation behind choices people make without external influence and interference. SDT focuses on the degree to which an individual's behavior is self-motivated and self-determined. SDT claims to give a different approach to motivation, considering what motivates a person at any given time as opposed to seeing motivation as a unitary concept.
SDT makes distinctions between intrinsic and extrnsic motivation and the consequences of them.Intrinsic motivation is the natural, inherent drive to seek out challenges and new possibilities that SDT associates with cognitive and social development.Extrinsic motivation comes from external sources.
Here is a visual overview:
These constructs comes from achievement goal theory.
Here is a visual overview:
THe concept of self-efficacy comes from social cognitive theory.
This concept comes from Flow theory.
Here is a visual overview:


John Doe
#20000.00
16.50EP
ATM Lagos
Today
-#450.00
Bank Withdraw
Yesterday
+#450.00
003 645 6548 65
01/06/2018
-100 SP
Airtime
31/05/2018
Transfer


Multiple Choice Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
|
|
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1.
|
Which of the following kinds of device is any hardware component that conveys
information to one or more people?
a. | input | b. | output | c. | storage | d. | conveyance |
|
|
|
2.
|
An important measure of LCD monitors is the time in milliseconds (ms) that it
takes to turn a pixel on or off. What is this called?
a. | contrast time | b. | pixel time | c. | pitch
time | d. | response time |
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|
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3.
|
Which of the following is the most advanced form of digital television?
|
|
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4.
|
Which of the following is true of Bluetooth printing in relation to infrared
printing?
a. | Bluetooth devices do not have to be aligned and can be outside an approximate 30-foot
range. | b. | Bluetooth devices have to be aligned but must be within an approximate 30-foot
range. | c. | Bluetooth devices do not have to be aligned but must be within an approximate 30-foot
range. | d. | Bluetooth devices have to be aligned and can be outside an approximate 30-foot
range. |
|
|
|
5.
|
A reasonable quality ink-jet printer costs how much?
a. | less than $100 | b. | $150 to $200 | c. | $200 to
$250 | d. | over $250 |
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|
|
6.
|
Which of the following is a disadvantage of a multifunction peripheral?
a. | it requires more space than having a separate printer, scanner, copy machine, and fax
machine | b. | it is significantly more expensive than purchasing a printer, scanner, copy machine,
and fax machine separately | c. | if the device breaks down, users lose all four
functions | d. | all of the above |
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|
|
7.
|
Which of the following kinds of printer forms characters and graphics on a piece
of paper by striking a mechanism against an inked ribbon that physically contacts the paper?
a. | NLQ | b. | impact | c. | laser | d. | thermal |
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|
|
|
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8.
|
Many personal computer users add this kind of equipment, such as those shown in
the accompanying figure, to their computers to generate a higher-quality sound. What is this kind of
equipment called?
a. | subwoofers | b. | headphones | c. | satellite
speakers | d. | surround sound speakers |
|
|
|
9.
|
Which of the following is a touch-sensitive device, resembling a dry-erase
board, that displays the image on a connected computer screen?
a. | Braille printer | b. | utility manager | c. | accessibility
wizard | d. | interactive whiteboard |
|
|
|
10.
|
Which of the following enlarges text and other items in a window on the
screen?
a. | Braille | b. | Enlarger utility | c. | High-contrast
option | d. | Magnifier |
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|
COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT
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|
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11.
|
Many mobile computers and mobile devices use LCD monitors. What does LCD stand
for?
a. | large character display | b. | liquid crystal display | c. | large crystal
design | d. | liquid color design |
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|
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12.
|
LCD monitors and LCD screens sometimes use a new type of technology to produce
color, which produces a brighter display and is less expensive to produce. What is this new
technology called?
|
|
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13.
|
What is the measure of a display’s width relative to its height?
a. | the aspect ratio | b. | the contrast ratio | c. | the size
ratio | d. | the pixel ratio |
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|
|
14.
|
What is a form of digital television that works with digital broadcast signals,
transmitting digital sound, supporting wide screens, and providing high resolutions?
|
|
|
15.
|
What is the print option where the page is taller than it is wide?
a. | premier | b. | portrait | c. | planed | d. | printout |
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|
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16.
|
What type of printer forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper without
actually striking the paper, such as an inkjet printer?
a. | a nonimpact printer | b. | a noncontact printer | c. | a nonstrike
printer | d. | a nonpressure printer |
|
|
|
17.
|
Which of the following statements is not true about replacing toner
cartridges?
a. | Toner cartridge prices range from $40 to more than $200. | b. | Toner cartridges are
biodegradable. | c. | You can often recycle toner cartridges through a school or
organization. | d. | Printer manufacturers may take toner cartridges back. |
|
|
|
18.
|
Many personal computers and local devices have small internal speakers that emit
only low-quality sound. To boost the low bass sounds, what do surround sound speaker systems
include?
a. | a speaker boost | b. | a sound card | c. | a
satellite | d. | a subwoofer |
|
|
|
19.
|
Which of the following is not true about interactive whiteboards?
a. | A widely used interactive whiteboard is the SMART board. | b. | Rear projection
displays an image from the whiteboard to the computer screen. | c. | Notes written on the
interactive whiteboard can be saved directly on the computer. | d. | The presenter can
control the computer program using a remote control or touching the
whiteboard. |
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|
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20.
|
Your cousin has vision disabilities. What feature of the latest Windows
operating systems reads the information that is displayed on the screen aloud?
a. | the Enhancer | b. | the Magnifier | c. | the
Narrator | d. | the Enlarger |
|
True/False Indicate whether the
statement is true or false.
|
|
|
1.
|
Computers process information (output) into data (input).
|
|
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2.
|
Brightness of an LCD monitor or LCD screen is measured in pixels.
|
|
|
3.
|
The DVI port enables digital signals to transmit directly to the LCD
monitor.
|
|
|
4.
|
The print head mechanism in an ink-jet printer contains ink-filled
cartridges.
|
|
|
5.
|
Most ink-jet printers have at least two print cartridges: one containing black
ink and the other(s) containing colors.
|
|
|
6.
|
When printing a document, laser printers process and store the entire page
before they actually print it.
|
|
|
7.
|
Impact printers are noisy because a mechanism strikes against an inked ribbon
that physically contacts the paper.
|
|
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8.
|
Headphones rest inside the ear canal.
|
|
|
9.
|
In addition to games, joysticks, wheels, and gamepads that include force
feedback are used in practical applications such as in the military and aviation.
|
|
|
10.
|
Visually impaired users cannot change Windows settings, such as increasing the
size or changing the color of text to make words easier to read.
|


The services for the pre-Christmas season known as Advent draw much of their material from the Old Testament prophets, such as Isaiah and Jeremiah. Christians saw Jesus’s birth as the fulfilment of the Old Testament prophecies. In the dawn service, three of our four chants are from the Old Testament. In these chants, small bits of text are extracted and put together to convey a coherent theme, as we can see by looking at the first three chants.
In the Old Hispanic office, there is a strong tendency for closely related chant texts to be sung in close proximity. This gives emphasis to aspects of the text that are particularly relevant for the liturgical season. Here, for example, three chants successively begin with the words “Prope est”, “it is near”: “The day of his coming is near”; “The day of the Lord is near”; and “The Lord is near.” This repetition makes Christ’s arrival a central focus.
The prayers that follow each chant add to this emphasis. Each prayer begins by restating or paraphrasing the opening words of the preceding chant. Here for example, the chant begins, “The Lord is near, you will not be troubled”. The following prayer begins “Behold, now you are near, Lord. Let us always be your neighbours, so that we may wait for your advent untroubled, in no way troubled by cares we have neglected.” So the prayer puts the words of the chant into the voice of the gathered faithful, addressing God. Here, the message that the Lord is near is conveyed several times, in similar but varied wording. This encourages the participants in the liturgy to focus and meditate on these words.


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block body %}
This service is intended to be used as a way of sharing one-time messages secretly. For example passwords and other sensitive data. I needed such a service when resetting my Mom's email password. The optimal way would have been to send the password using PGP, but good luck getting a non-IT person using that. PGP is just too complicated for the average user.
Please note that this is mostly a proof of concept!
Clientside cryptography where the encryption key is sent in the url hash. Expiry times to make the message somewhat ephemereal. Stored in memory to prevent offline tampering.
It works by encrypting the message in javascript using symmetric encryption. For this I use SJCL. The message is then stored in memory on the server which creates a uuid as a reference. The client side script creates a special url for you where the key is stored in the anchor part, which is by default not sent to the server by the browser. So the server never sees the encryption key.
Upon receieving the request, the server returns the data referenced by the uuid. The javascript takes the data and decrypts it using the encryptionkey taken from the anchor.
You shouldn't. I'd rather you hosted your own instance for your company, family, or friends. I think the only way of providing any real security with clientside crypto is to have it open to review. Anything else is snakeoil.
All of the code is opensource and available on github. You are free to reuse as you wish under the MIT license.
{% endblock %}


Language: Objective-C C++
Options: Allow Multi-line comment
Target : classprotocolmethod
parent:
Discussion:
Abstract:
Definition:
Source:


submit the same credentials again to create account
cook
add ingredients
serve the dish
https://ocr.space/
: update did come! Design is next on the list...