Alexis is a senior at Binghamton University, currently working towards a degree in Accounting while minoring in Graphic Design.
Collab Project | Typographic Riddles
A class-wide collaboration, our mission was to create a book of typographic riddles with a single theme, which was later decided to be movie titles. Hover over the images for the answers to my riddles!
Collab Project | Typographic Riddles
Riddle Me This is the final version of our typographic riddle project. Click here to view it online!
Working With the Past
"Icon design is like solving a puzzle, trying to marry an image and idea that, ideally, will be easy for people to understand and remember." - Susan Kare
Working With the Past brings us back to the 80s, providing us the challenge of creating friendly, early Macintosh-style bitmap icons. Initially limited to recreating modern Photoshop icons, we were eventually given more freedom. What are some objects that are important to you? If you were on a deserted island, what would you want to bring with you?
For me, the answer was clear: a cup of iced coffee, some headphones to listen to music with, and a frying pan to make some pancakes.
Working With the Past - Sketches
Using the Bamboo Paper app, I first drew rough sketches of the items I wanted my icons to be of, and then placed the 32x32 grid onto the page and began filling in the squares, erasing and adding as needed.
I went through a lot of different ideas for this project, such as a hand mirror, a pot of soup, etc., but some did not translate as well into bitmap as I thought they would, and so I eventually settled on the three icons below.
The Labours of Hercules
The labours of Hercules tells the tale of Hercules, the illegitimate son of Zeus, who is driven mad by Hera out of jealousy. After killing his wife and child in this fit of madness, he seeks forgiveness by travelling to the king of Mycenae, Eurystheus, and offers himself as a slave. Eurystheus takes the opportunity to command Hercules to complete 12 nearly impossible tasks.
The Labours of Hercules - Sketches
When I first began sketching for this project, I originally used a more realistic style. Eventually, it occurred to me that this style wasn't quite right for the kind of story I was telling, and so I eventually switched to a 2D, ancient scroll-like style.


Conferences
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Create memorable pages with smooth parallax effects that everyone loves. Also, use our lightweight content slider offering you smooth and great-looking animations.
SEO
Build a front page for your WooCommerce store in a matter of minutes. The neat and clean presentation will help your sales and make your store accessible to everyone.
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Showcase your team, products, clients, about info, testimonials, latest posts from the blog, contact form, additional calls to action. Everything translation ready.
ECM
Get new content blocks: pricing table, Google Maps, and more. Change the sections order, display each block exactly where you need it, customize the blocks with whatever colors you wish.
About you
Use this section to showcase important details about you.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nulla nec massa enim. Aliquam viverra at est ullamcorper sollicitudin. Proin a leo sit amet nunc malesuada imperdiet pharetra ut eros.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nulla nec massa enim. Aliquam viverra at est ullamcorper sollicitudin. Proin a leo sit amet nunc malesuada imperdiet pharetra ut eros.
Mauris vel nunc at ipsum fermentum pellentesque quis ut massa. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Maecenas non adipiscing massa. Sed ut fringilla sapien. Cras sollicitudin, lectus sed tincidunt cursus, magna lectus vehicula augue, a lobortis dui orci et est.


TAMAGOTCHI~!!
Hunger
Sleep
Happy
Lonely
Feed
Rest
Play
Pet
Punt
Feed
Rest
Play
Pet
Punt
Wins:
Losses:
Play Again


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block content %}
You have successfully deployed the DEFECT DETECTION STAKE HOLDER application!!!


Teamfight Tactics Item Helper
Toggle this during carousel to know what items to grab
Show only recipes that require one more item
Base Items
Click the icon to toggle which items you have available. Available items will have a green border in recipes.
Combined Items
Tier {{i+1}}


The Democracy mode chooses the most popular input provided during a 20 second voting period.
It allowed the followers to overcome challenges thought to be impossible in Anarchy mode.
The ways of Democracy are worshipped by the followers of the Dome Fossil, being the respective counterpart of Anarchy and the Helix Fossil
Anarchist scorn upon Democracy as they believe it cheapens the experience, rendering the journey meaningless


2002 Rocky Mountain Roubaix
USCF and Collegiate Road Race
Saturday, March 30
Collegiate Hill Climb and Criterium
Sunday, March 31
Promoted by: Team Stampede / Five Valley Velo
And University of Montana Cycling Team
Held under USAC permit
Saturday March 30, 2002 will mark the 21st annual Rocky Mountain Roubaix. This classic cycling event is modeled after the famous Paris Roubaix. This 35-50 mile road race has significant sections of unpaved roads. Racers are encouraged to USE HEAVY WHEELS AND TIRES. Flats and out-of-true rims are not uncommon. Support will be "wheel-in, wheel-out" only. This event is a Montana Cup Points Series event.
On Sunday, March 31 there will be a collegiate only uphill individual time trial and criterium. The time trial course and criterium course are entirely paved. The time trial is approximately 3.5 miles long. The criterium course is an 8 corner 1.1 mile circuit with some sharp corners and bumps.
Homestays are available. Email or call Jeff Crouch or Corbin Schwanke for arrangements to be made.
All USCF rules apply.
Helmets must be worn during race and warm-up.
The road race and time trial courses are open to traffic. Racers have the use of the right lane only. Yellow line violations will result in disqualification. Promoter reserves the right to combine categories. Racers should realize this racecourse contains rough, unpaved sections of road. Licenses will be available on race day. Non-licensed racers are required to purchase a one-day racing license. Race is neutral during train crossings.
CATEGORIES
Senior Men 1,2,3, Collegiate Men A, Senior Men 4,5, Collegiate Men B, C, Masters Men 35-44, Masters Men 45+, Women 1,2,3, Collegiate Women A, Women, 4, Collegiate Women B, Masters Women 35+, Juniors
RACE TIMES (Tentative groupings depending on attendance)
SATURDAY- Registration: 12:00 p.m.-12:45 p.m.
Menís 1, 2, 3, College A: 1:00 p.m. 60 miles
Menís 4, 5, College B & C: 1:06 35 miles
All Women & Masters Men 1:12 35 miles
SUNDAY- Time Trial Registration: 8:00 a.m.-8:45 a.m.
First Rider: 9:00 a.m. with riders following at 1 minute intervals
Critierum Registration 12:00 p.m.-12:45
Womenís Start 1:00 p.m. 30 minutes
Menís B & C Start 1:45 p.m. 45 minutes
Menís A Start 2:10 p.m. 60 minutes
DIRECTIONS TO RACE
SATURDAY- From Missoula take Highway 93 (Brooks Avenue) South of town about two miles. Turn right on Blue Mountain Road at the Montana Athletic Club. Registration and race start is at the Horse Trailhead about 1/2 mile up the road.
SUNDAY- For the time trial from Missoula, take Higgins Avenue south of Downtown, left on Pattee Canyon road, start line is four blocks up at the intersection of Pattee Canyon and Takima. For the time trial from Missoula take South Avenue west to Guardsman Lane just past the large parking lot at the rugby fields. Follow signs to course.
TO REGISTER- Send Name, address, category, email and license number to Five Valley Velo, PO Box 7492, Missoula, Montana, 59807. Race day registration will be available.
ENTRY FEE- Road Race: $20.00 Juniors - $ 10.00
Time Trial: $5.00 collegiate only
Criterium: $5.00 collegiate only
Questions- contact Jeff Crouch at<PHONE_NUMBER>,
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or collegiate director Corbin Schwanke at<PHONE_NUMBER><EMAIL_ADDRESS>Race Course
Time Trial Course
Criterium Course


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| Uses of EmailException in org.apache.commons.mail |
|---|
| Methods in org.apache.commons.mail that throw EmailException | |
|---|---|
Email |
Email.addBcc(String email)
Add a blind BCC recipient to the email. |
Email |
Email.addBcc(String email,
String name)
Add a blind BCC recipient to the email using the specified address and the specified personal name. |
Email |
Email.addBcc(String email,
String name,
String charset)
Add a blind BCC recipient to the email using the specified address, personal name, and charset encoding for the name. |
Email |
Email.addCc(String email)
Add a recipient CC to the email. |
Email |
Email.addCc(String email,
String name)
Add a recipient CC to the email using the specified address and the specified personal name. |
Email |
Email.addCc(String email,
String name,
String charset)
Add a recipient CC to the email using the specified address, personal name, and charset encoding for the name. |
Email |
MultiPartEmail.addPart(javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart multipart)
Add a new part to the email. |
Email |
MultiPartEmail.addPart(javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart multipart,
int index)
Add a new part to the email. |
Email |
MultiPartEmail.addPart(String partContent,
String partContentType)
Add a new part to the email. |
Email |
Email.addReplyTo(String email)
Add a reply to address to the email. |
Email |
Email.addReplyTo(String email,
String name)
Add a reply to address to the email using the specified address and the specified personal name. |
Email |
Email.addReplyTo(String email,
String name,
String charset)
Add a reply to address to the email using the specified address, personal name, and charset encoding for the name. |
Email |
Email.addTo(String email)
Add a recipient TO to the email. |
Email |
Email.addTo(String email,
String name)
Add a recipient TO to the email using the specified address and the specified personal name. |
Email |
Email.addTo(String email,
String name,
String charset)
Add a recipient TO to the email using the specified address, personal name, and charset encoding for the name. |
MultiPartEmail |
MultiPartEmail.attach(DataSource ds,
String name,
String description)
Attach a file specified as a DataSource interface. |
MultiPartEmail |
MultiPartEmail.attach(DataSource ds,
String name,
String description,
String disposition)
Attach a file specified as a DataSource interface. |
MultiPartEmail |
MultiPartEmail.attach(EmailAttachment attachment)
Attach an EmailAttachment. |
MultiPartEmail |
MultiPartEmail.attach(URL url,
String name,
String description)
Attach a file located by its URL. |
MultiPartEmail |
MultiPartEmail.attach(URL url,
String name,
String description,
String disposition)
Attach a file located by its URL. |
void |
MultiPartEmail.buildMimeMessage()
Builds the actual MimeMessage |
void |
HtmlEmail.buildMimeMessage()
Does the work of actually building the email. |
void |
Email.buildMimeMessage()
Build the internal MimeMessage to be sent. |
String |
HtmlEmail.embed(DataSource dataSource,
String name)
Embeds the specified DataSource in the HTML using a
randomly generated Content-ID. |
String |
HtmlEmail.embed(DataSource dataSource,
String name,
String cid)
Embeds the specified DataSource in the HTML using the
specified Content-ID. |
String |
HtmlEmail.embed(File file)
Embeds a file in the HTML. |
String |
HtmlEmail.embed(File file,
String cid)
Embeds a file in the HTML. |
String |
HtmlEmail.embed(String urlString,
String name)
Attempts to parse the specified String as a URL that will
then be embedded in the message. |
String |
HtmlEmail.embed(URL url,
String name)
Embeds an URL in the HTML. |
javax.mail.Session |
Email.getMailSession()
Initialise a mailsession object |
String |
Email.send()
Sends the email. |
String |
Email.sendMimeMessage()
Sends the previously created MimeMessage to the SMTP server. |
Email |
Email.setBcc(Collection aCollection)
Set a list of "BCC" addresses. |
Email |
Email.setCc(Collection aCollection)
Set a list of "CC" addresses. |
Email |
Email.setFrom(String email)
Set the FROM field of the email to use the specified address. |
Email |
Email.setFrom(String email,
String name)
Set the FROM field of the email to use the specified address and the specified personal name. |
Email |
Email.setFrom(String email,
String name,
String charset)
Set the FROM field of the email to use the specified address, personal name, and charset encoding for the name. |
HtmlEmail |
HtmlEmail.setHtmlMsg(String aHtml)
Set the HTML content. |
Email |
SimpleEmail.setMsg(String msg)
Set the content of the mail |
Email |
MultiPartEmail.setMsg(String msg)
Set the message of the email. |
Email |
HtmlEmail.setMsg(String msg)
Set the message. |
abstract Email |
Email.setMsg(String msg)
Define the content of the mail. |
Email |
Email.setReplyTo(Collection aCollection)
Set a list of reply to addresses. |
HtmlEmail |
HtmlEmail.setTextMsg(String aText)
Set the text content. |
Email |
Email.setTo(Collection aCollection)
Set a list of "TO" addresses. |
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This time, we are going to take a look at a special class of texture, the cube map, and a couple of the common applications for cube maps, skyboxes and environment-mapped reflections. Skyboxes allow us to model far away details, like the sky or distant scenery, to create a sense that the world is more expansive than just our scene geometry, in an inexpensive way. Environment-mapped reflections allow us to model reflections on surfaces that are irregular or curved, rather than on flat, planar surfaces as in our Mirror Demo.
The code for this example is adapted from the first part of Chapter 17 of Frank Luna’s Introduction to 3D Game Programming with Direct3D 11.0. You can download the full source for this example from my GitHub repository, https://github.com/ericrrichards/dx11.git, under the CubeMap project.
| Our skull & columns scene, with a skybox and environment-mapped reflections on the column tops |
Essentially, a cube map is a texture array of six textures, which are interpreted as the faces of a cube centered on and aligned with a coordinate system. In Direct3D, the textures in the array are laid out, in order, as the [+X, –X, +Y, –Y, +Z, –Z] faces. You can see an unwrapped cube map below:
To sample a cube map, we cannot use 2D UV coordinates as we have with textures so far. Instead, we need a 3D lookup vector, which defines a direction from the cube map origin. The texel sampled from the cube map will be the texel intersected by a ray shot from the origin of the cube-map coordinate system in the direction of the lookup vector. If you’re struggling to understand just what that means, don’t worry (I’ve struggled for nearly 20 minutes to come up with a better way of explaining it…); we will almost never be explicitly specifying cubemap lookup coordinates.
Most commonly, we will be using cube maps where each face of the cube is a 90 degree FOV view down one of the world space axes, so that the cube map captures the entire scene around the point. These kinds of cube maps are commonly called environment maps. Technically, we should create a separate environment map for each object that we will use environment mapping on, as the surrounding environment will vary per object; however, since (in this example, anyway) we will be using a pre-baked cube map texture for some very distant environment details and leaving out the local geometry, we can fudge it and use just the single cube map for all objects needing environment maps.
Assuming that your pre-baked cube map has been saved correctly as a .DDS cube map, it is dead simple to load the cube map into a shader resource variable, exactly as we have been doing with normal 2D textures.
CubeMapSRV = ShaderResourceView.FromFile(device, filename);
Generating an environment map offline is outside my scope of knowledge, so I’m going to assume that you have some pre-rendered environment maps to work with. I’m using the ones available at Mr. Luna’s website, in the third section of source code for the book. I’ve also seen references to building them using the Terragen tool, but again, I haven’t actually done that myself, and this is not a tutorial on using Terragen…
To model the sky for our scene, we will generate a sphere, texture it using a cube map, and then render this environment sphere at a fixed offset from the camera position, using some special render states, so that the sky sphere always appears the same, no matter where our camera is located within the scene. To do this, we will be implementing a new shader effect for the skybox rendering, and also a new C# class to encapsulate the skybox geometry and rendering logic. We’ll begin by looking at the HLSL shader code that we’ll use to render the sky sphere.
cbuffer cbPerFrame { float4x4 gWorldViewProj; }; // Nonnumeric values cannot be added to a cbuffer. TextureCube gCubeMap; SamplerState samTriLinearSam { Filter = MIN_MAG_MIP_LINEAR; AddressU = Wrap; AddressV = Wrap; }; struct VertexIn { float3 PosL : POSITION; }; struct VertexOut { float4 PosH : SV_POSITION; float3 PosL : POSITION; };
Our shader constants for this effect consist of a world-view-projection matrix and the cube map texture. This world-view-projection matrix will be constructed from a world matrix, based on the camera’s position, and the camera’s view-projection matrix. We also define a linear texture filtering sampler state object, which we will use to sample the cube map in our pixel shader.
VertexOut VS(VertexIn vin) { VertexOut vout; // Set z = w so that z/w = 1 (i.e., skydome always on far plane). vout.PosH = mul(float4(vin.PosL, 1.0f), gWorldViewProj).xyww; // Use local vertex position as cubemap lookup vector. vout.PosL = vin.PosL; return vout; } float4 PS(VertexOut pin) : SV_Target { return gCubeMap.Sample(samTriLinearSam, pin.PosL); }
In our vertex shader, we transform the input vertex position into projection space using the global world-view-projection matrix, as normal. After projecting the vertex position, we make use of HLSL’s swizzling feature to discard the projected depth of the vertex, and instead set the z component to the w component, i.e. 1.0f, which forces the skybox to always be considered at the far projection plane. We also output the input vertex position, as we will use it to lookup the appropriate texel from the cube map in our pixel shader. Since the position of the vertex on the sphere is effectively a scaled normal vector radiating from the sphere origin, and the cube-map lookup vector does not care about the magnitude, only the direction, using a sphere for our skybox geometry makes the texture lookup very simple.
RasterizerState NoCull { CullMode = None; }; DepthStencilState LessEqualDSS { // Make sure the depth function is LESS_EQUAL and not just LESS. // Otherwise, the normalized depth values at z = 1 (NDC) will // fail the depth test if the depth buffer was cleared to 1. DepthFunc = LESS_EQUAL; }; technique11 SkyTech { pass P0 { SetVertexShader( CompileShader( vs_4_0, VS() ) ); SetGeometryShader( NULL ); SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_4_0, PS() ) ); SetRasterizerState(NoCull); SetDepthStencilState(LessEqualDSS, 0); } }
The last thing to note about our skybox shader is that we need to set some render states in order to render the skybox correctly. Because we are viewing the sky sphere from the inside, rather than the outside, the winding order on our triangles will be backward, so we need to disable culling. Also, because we explicitly set the sky sphere to render at the far plane, we need to tweak the depth test to LESS_EQUAL, otherwise our skybox geometry will fail the depth test, assuming we clear the depth buffer to 1.0f, as we have been and will continue doing as the first step of our rendering process.
Like all of our effect shaders, we will write a C# wrapper class to encapsulate the details of our shader variables and techniques, and add and instance of this wrapper to our Effects static class. Since this shader is pretty simple, and we have implemented a number of these already, I will omit the wrapper class. If you wish to review the code, check out the Core/Effects/SkyEffect.cs file on GitHub.
We are also going to write a class to wrap the geometry and cube map texture for a skybox. The primary duties of this class will be to create the vertex and index buffers for our sky sphere, load an environment map from file, and handle drawing the skybox using our skybox shader effect.
public class Sky : DisposableClass { private Buffer _vb; private Buffer _ib; private ShaderResourceView _cubeMapSRV; public ShaderResourceView CubeMapSRV { get { return _cubeMapSRV; } private set { _cubeMapSRV = value; } } private readonly int _indexCount; private bool _disposed; public Sky(Device device, string filename, float skySphereRadius) { CubeMapSRV = ShaderResourceView.FromFile(device, filename); var sphere = GeometryGenerator.CreateSphere(skySphereRadius, 30, 30); var vertices = sphere.Vertices.Select(v => v.Position).ToArray(); var vbd = new BufferDescription( Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(Vector3)) * vertices.Length, ResourceUsage.Immutable, BindFlags.VertexBuffer, CpuAccessFlags.None, ResourceOptionFlags.None, 0 ); _vb = new Buffer(device, new DataStream(vertices, false, false), vbd); _indexCount = sphere.Indices.Count; var ibd = new BufferDescription( _indexCount * sizeof(int), ResourceUsage.Immutable, BindFlags.IndexBuffer, CpuAccessFlags.None, ResourceOptionFlags.None, 0 ); _ib = new Buffer(device, new DataStream(sphere.Indices.ToArray(), false, false), ibd); } protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { if (!_disposed) { if (disposing) { Util.ReleaseCom(ref _vb); Util.ReleaseCom(ref _ib); Util.ReleaseCom(ref _cubeMapSRV); } _disposed = true; } base.Dispose(disposing); } // snip... }
There is nothing terribly interesting in our initialization/teardown code for the skybox class. We make use of our GeometryGenerator utility class to create the vertices and indices of the skybox, and pull just the position data from the resulting mesh vertex data. Since this class needs to manage D3D Buffers and textures, we subclass it from our DisposableClass base class and follow the standard pattern for releasing DirectX COM resources.
public void Draw(DeviceContext dc, CameraBase camera) { var eyePos = camera.Position; var t = Matrix.Translation(eyePos); var wvp = t * camera.ViewProj; Effects.SkyFX.SetWorldViewProj(wvp); Effects.SkyFX.SetCubeMap(_cubeMapSRV); var stride = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(Vector3)); const int Offset = 0; dc.InputAssembler.SetVertexBuffers(0, new VertexBufferBinding(_vb, stride, Offset)); dc.InputAssembler.SetIndexBuffer(_ib, Format.R32_UInt, 0); dc.InputAssembler.InputLayout = InputLayouts.Pos; dc.InputAssembler.PrimitiveTopology = PrimitiveTopology.TriangleList; var tech = Effects.SkyFX.SkyTech; for (var p = 0; p < tech.Description.PassCount; p++) { var pass = tech.GetPassByIndex(p); pass.Apply(dc); dc.DrawIndexed(_indexCount, 0, 0); } }
Our draw function requires that we pass in a DeviceContext and a CameraBase. We construct a world matrix for our skybox from the camera’s position and set out shader effect variables. Next we setup our buffers and device properties and render the skybox sphere using the sky shader.
To add a skybox to one of our demo applications, we simply need to create the skybox in our Init() function, and use the Draw() method of the skybox object at the end of our DrawScene() method. To minimize overdraw, we should always draw the skybox last, as everything else in our scene will pass the depth test over our far-plane skybox pixel, and we will thus waste cycles drawing pixels that will be discarded if we render the skybox early.
public override void DrawScene() { ImmediateContext.ClearRenderTargetView(RenderTargetView, Color.Silver); ImmediateContext.ClearDepthStencilView(DepthStencilView, DepthStencilClearFlags.Depth | DepthStencilClearFlags.Stencil, 1.0f, 0); // render everything else... _sky.Draw(ImmediateContext, _camera); // clear states set by the sky effect ImmediateContext.Rasterizer.State = null; ImmediateContext.OutputMerger.DepthStencilState = null; ImmediateContext.OutputMerger.DepthStencilReference = 0; SwapChain.Present(0, PresentFlags.None); }
| It’s hard to tell from a static screen-shot, but the terrain and sky remain infinitely far away no matter how you move the position of the camera. |
Another similar application of cube maps is for rendering reflections on arbitrary objects. We saw earlier how to render reflections on planar(flat) surfaces, but for rendering reflections on curved or irregular surfaces, the stenciling method presented there falls apart quickly; one would need to process each triangle separately, and in addition to the speed hit you would take in issuing that many draw calls, the effect would probably look wonky. To get truly accurate reflections, one would need to use ray-tracing techniques, which are generally prohibitively expensive to use for real-time rendering. Instead, we can use environment maps, which, while not perfect, provide generally good results for curvy and irregular surfaces.
To add environment mapped reflections to our standard Basic.fx shader, we need to add a TextureCube shader constant, and add the following code to our pixel shader, after we have computed the lit color of a pixel. This also necessitates adding another set of EffectTechniques, similar to those we have already implemented, with reflection enabled.
if( gReflectionEnabled )
{
float3 incident = -toEye;
float3 reflectionVector = reflect(incident, pin.NormalW);
float4 reflectionColor = gCubeMap.Sample(samAnisotropic, reflectionVector);
litColor += gMaterial.Reflect*reflectionColor;
}
If we have reflection enabled, we determine the incoming angle to the surface, by inverting the previously computer toEye vector. Next, we compute our cube map lookup by reflecting this incoming view vector using the HLSL reflect intrinsic function about the pixel normal vector, and sample the cube map. We then add the sampled cubemap color, scaled by the object’s material reflectance value, to our computed lit pixel color.
You may recall that when we created our Material structure, way back when we were first covering lighting, that we included a Color4 component Reflect. Up until now, we have not used this property, so it has defaulted to a black color. When using reflection, we will now use this property to control the shade of colors that our surfaces reflect; i.e. we can create a material that only reflects red color by setting the Reflect value to Color.Red.
One limitation of environment mapped reflections like this, is that they do not work all that well for flat surfaces. This is because of the way we sample the cube map to determine the reflected pixel color. If we have multiple flat surfaces, one can observe that the reflection produced for one object viewed at a certain angle will be the same as for all other planar objects viewed from a matching angle. This is because the cube map lookup only takes into consideration the direction of the reflection vector. On curved surfaces, this is not particularly noticeable, since the interpolated pixel normal varies across the surface.
| The skull & columns scene with environment mapped reflections. Note the sun and sky reflected approximately matches the portion of the skybox shown in the previous screenshot. |
You may have noticed that the reflections we are showing here only include the skybox cubemap. These can be considered static environmental reflections; we do not include the local scene geometry in the reflections, as they are not part of the skybox cubemap. To render the local geometry, we need to dynamically create a cube map from the perspective of each reflective object, by rendering the scene along each axis from the position of the object. This can get very expensive, as we need to render the scene six additional times for each reflective object, but it does allow us to render more realistic reflections. We’ll cover how to do this next time.


Pochettino Thanks Coleman For Consoling Son After Gomes Incident
by Michael CorryNobody knows more about the stress of a serious leg injury than Ireland captain Seamus Coleman who suffered a horrific break against Wales back in 2017.
The Everton full-back was forced out of the game for almost a year later after the horror tackle from Neil Taylor left the Donegal man in a heap at the Aviva Stadium.
While sympathy poured in for Coleman, the Welsh left-back was hung out to dry in many respects after a mistimed tackle that ultimately put a fellow professional out of the game. His teammate James Chester has since gone on the record to state that the incident deeply affected Taylor.
On Sunday, Coleman’s Everton teammate Andre Gomes was stretchered off the pitch at Goodison Park with a serious ankle injury after the midfielder clashed with Heung Min-Son. The Tottenham Hotspur forward left the fields in tears after receiving a red card for the challenge.
Given the affable nature that emanates from the Spurs man, it’s easy to believe that the tears were indeed linked to his role in what could well be the end of Gomes’ season, rather than the red card he’d just received.
According to Telegraph reporter Chris Bascombe, the Ireland skipper visited the Spurs changing room after the match to console Son.
Mauricio Pochettino thanked the Everton captain for offering Son support.
According to reporter Dominic King, writing in The Daily Mail, Coleman spent five minutes in the Spurs dressing room with Son. The report states that “he told him what had happened was an accident and tried to console the forward.”
Everton later provided an update on Gomes’ condition. The Portuguese midfielder suffered a fracture-dislocation to his right ankle.


Click on the Quick View icon on the image to search for an specific item
Silk Saree
Silk Saree
Cotton Saree
Cotton Saree
Lehenga
Lehenga
Duppeta
Duppeta
Dress Material
Dress Material
3 Piece Suit
3 Piece Suit


A Collection is a concept similar to the STL Container concept. A Collection provides iterators for accessing a range of elements and provides information about the number of elements in the Collection. However, a Collection has fewer requirements than a Container. The motivation for the Collection concept is that there are many useful Container-like types that do not meet the full requirements of Container, and many algorithms that can be written with this reduced set of requirements. To summarize the reduction in requirements:
| Value type | X::value_type | The type of the object stored in a Collection. If the Collection is mutable then the value type must be Assignable. Otherwise the value type must be CopyConstructible. |
| Iterator type | X::iterator | The type of iterator used to iterate through a Collection's elements. The iterator's value type is expected to be the Collection's value type. A conversion from the iterator type to the const iterator type must exist. The iterator type must be an InputIterator. |
| Const iterator type | X::const_iterator | A type of iterator that may be used to examine, but not to modify, a Collection's elements. |
| Reference type | X::reference | A type that behaves like a reference to the Collection's value type. [1] |
| Const reference type | X::const_reference | A type that behaves like a const reference to the Collection's value type. |
| Pointer type | X::pointer | A type that behaves as a pointer to the Collection's value type. |
| Distance type | X::difference_type | A signed integral type used to represent the distance between two of the Collection's iterators. This type must be the same as the iterator's distance type. |
| Size type | X::size_type | An unsigned integral type that can represent any nonnegative value of the Collection's distance type. |
| X | A type that is a model of Collection. |
| a, b | Object of type X. |
| T | The value type of X. |
The following expressions must be valid.
| Name | Expression | Return type |
|---|---|---|
| Beginning of range | a.begin() | iterator if a is mutable, const_iterator otherwise |
| End of range | a.end() | iterator if a is mutable, const_iterator otherwise |
| Size | a.size() | size_type |
| Empty Collection | a.empty() | Convertible to bool |
| Swap | a.swap(b) | void |
| Name | Expression | Semantics | Postcondition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beginning of range | a.begin() | Returns an iterator pointing to the first element in the Collection. | a.begin() is either dereferenceable or past-the-end. It is past-the-end if and only if a.size() == 0. |
| End of range | a.end() | Returns an iterator pointing one past the last element in the Collection. | a.end() is past-the-end. |
| Size | a.size() | Returns the size of the Collection, that is, its number of elements. | a.size() >= 0 |
| Empty Collection | a.empty() | Equivalent to a.size() == 0. (But possibly faster.) | |
| Swap | a.swap(b) | Equivalent to swap(a,b) |
begin() and end() are amortized constant time.
size() is at most linear in the Collection's size. empty() is amortized constant time.
swap() is at most linear in the size of the two collections.
| Valid range | For any Collection a, [a.begin(), a.end()) is a valid range. |
| Range size | a.size() is equal to the distance from a.begin() to a.end(). |
| Completeness | An algorithm that iterates through the range [a.begin(), a.end()) will pass through every element of a. |
There are quite a few concepts that refine the Collection concept, similar to the concepts that refine the Container concept. Here is a brief overview of the refining concepts.
The elements are arranged in some order that does not change spontaneously from one iteration to the next. As a result, a ForwardCollection is EqualityComparable and LessThanComparable. In addition, the iterator type of a ForwardCollection is a MultiPassInputIterator which is just an InputIterator with the added requirements that the iterator can be used to make multiple passes through a range, and that if it1 == it2 and it1 is dereferenceable then ++it1 == ++it2. The ForwardCollection also has a front() method.
| Name | Expression | Return type | Semantics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front | a.front() | reference if a is mutable, const_reference otherwise. |
Equivalent to *(a.begin()). |
The container provides access to iterators that traverse in both directions (forward and reverse). The iterator type must meet all of the requirements of BidirectionalIterator except that the reference type does not have to be a real C++ reference. The ReversibleCollection adds the following requirements to those of ForwardCollection.
| Name | Expression | Return type | Semantics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beginning of range | a.rbegin() | reverse_iterator if a is mutable, const_reverse_iterator otherwise. | Equivalent to X::reverse_iterator(a.end()). |
| End of range | a.rend() | reverse_iterator if a is mutable, const_reverse_iterator otherwise. | Equivalent to X::reverse_iterator(a.begin()). |
| Back | a.back() | reference if a is mutable, const_reference otherwise. |
Equivalent to *(--a.end()). |
The elements are arranged in a strict linear order. No extra methods are required.
The iterators of a RandomAccessCollection satisfy all of the requirements of RandomAccessIterator except that the reference type does not have to be a real C++ reference. In addition, a RandomAccessCollection provides an element access operator.
| Name | Expression | Return type | Semantics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Element Access | a[n] | reference if a is mutable, const_reference otherwise. | Returns the nth element of the Collection. n must be convertible to size_type. Precondition: 0 <= n < a.size(). |
[1] The reference type does not have to be a real C++ reference. The requirements of the reference type depend on the context within which the Collection is being used. Specifically it depends on the requirements the context places on the value type of the Collection. The reference type of the Collection must meet the same requirements as the value type. In addition, the reference objects must be equivalent to the value type objects in the collection (which is trivially true if they are the same object). Also, in a mutable Collection, an assignment to the reference object must result in an assignment to the object in the Collection (again, which is trivially true if they are the same object, but non-trivial if the reference type is a proxy class).
Revised 05 December, 2006
| Copyright © 2000 | Jeremy Siek, Univ.of Notre Dame and C++ Library & Compiler Group/SGI<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)


Civil Money Claims - Alpha
User testing 25.01.2017
Claimant - starting a claim
- Start page
- Screening question
- Create an account
- Making changes to application
- Enter claim amount
- Fee
- Claimant's details
- Respondent's details
- Claim type
- Claim summary
- Claim details
- Willing to discuss
- Check your claim
- Confirmation page
- Other ways to get your money


High Resolution derived clock. More...
#include <cmsis-plus/rtos/os.h>
Public Types | |
Types & Constants | |
| using | duration_t = port::clock::duration_t |
| Type of variables holding clock durations. | |
| using | timestamp_t = port::clock::timestamp_t |
| Type of variables holding clock time stamps. | |
| using | offset_t = port::clock::offset_t |
| Type of variables holding clock offsets. | |
Public Member Functions | |
Constructors & Destructor | |
| clock_highres () | |
| Construct a SysTick clock object instance. | |
| virtual | ~clock_highres () override |
| Destruct the SysTick clock object instance. | |
Public Member Functions | |
| virtual void | start (void) override |
| virtual timestamp_t | now (void) override |
| Tell the current time. | |
| uint32_t | input_clock_frequency_hz (void) |
| void | internal_increment_count (void) |
Public Member Functions | |
| timestamp_t | steady_now (void) |
| Tell the current time since startup. | |
| result_t | sleep_for (duration_t duration) |
| Sleep for a relative duration. | |
| virtual result_t | sleep_until (timestamp_t timestamp) |
| Sleep until an absolute timestamp. | |
| result_t | wait_for (duration_t timeout) |
| Timed wait for an event. | |
| timestamp_t | update_for_slept_time (duration_t duration) |
| Increase the internal count after a deep sleep. | |
Public Member Functions | |
| const char * | name (void) const |
| Get object name. | |
High Resolution derived clock.
Definition at line 705 of file os-clocks.h.
| os::rtos::clock_highres::clock_highres | ( | ) |
Construct a SysTick clock object instance.
Definition at line 725 of file os-clocks.cpp.
|
overridevirtual |
Destruct the SysTick clock object instance.
Definition at line 734 of file os-clocks.cpp.
|
inline |
Definition at line 932 of file os-clocks.h.
|
inline |
Definition at line 917 of file os-clocks.h.
|
inlineinherited |
Get object name.
All objects return a non-null string; anonymous objects return "-"
.
Definition at line 759 of file os-decls.h.
|
overridevirtual |
Tell the current time.
Reimplemented from os::rtos::clock.
Definition at line 752 of file os-clocks.cpp.
|
inherited |
Sleep for a relative duration.
| [in] | duration | The number of clock units (ticks or seconds) to sleep. |
| ETIMEDOUT | The sleep lasted the entire duration. |
| EPERM | Cannot be invoked from an Interrupt Service Routines. |
| EINTR | The sleep was interrupted. |
Definition at line 190 of file os-clocks.cpp.
|
virtualinherited |
Sleep until an absolute timestamp.
| [in] | timestamp | The absolute moment in time, in clock units. |
| ETIMEDOUT | The sleep lasted the entire duration. |
| EPERM | Cannot be invoked from an Interrupt Service Routines. |
| EINTR | The sleep was interrupted. |
Reimplemented in os::rtos::adjustable_clock.
Definition at line 240 of file os-clocks.cpp.
|
overridevirtual |
Implements os::rtos::clock.
Definition at line 742 of file os-clocks.cpp.
|
inherited |
Tell the current time since startup.
Definition at line 176 of file os-clocks.cpp.
|
inherited |
Increase the internal count after a deep sleep.
| duration | Number of ticks lost during sleep. |
During deep sleep the interrupts used to count clock ticks are usually disabled and an external RTC is configured to wake-up the device, so a number of clock ticks are lost.
To keep the clocks accurate, it is recommended to sample the external RTC before entering deep sleep and again when the device is back to life, compute the time slept as difference, and use this function to update the internal clock counter.
Definition at line 329 of file os-clocks.cpp.
|
inherited |
Timed wait for an event.
| [in] | timeout | The timeout in clock units. |
| result::ok | An event occurred before the timeout. |
| ETIMEDOUT | The wait lasted the entire duration. |
| EPERM | Cannot be invoked from an Interrupt Service Routines. |
| EINTR | The sleep was interrupted. |
Definition at line 279 of file os-clocks.cpp.


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January 13, 2003
Penis frozen by subzero cold
Orange Today | Submitted by: anonymous
"A Russian man had to be rescued after his penis stuck to a frozen bus shelter while he was urinating...
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Read article...
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Banker's castle crumbles
New York Post | Submitted by: wingnut
"A Swiss-born banker who stole a whopping $70 million from clients so he could transform a castle at Tarrytown into a luxurious hotel was thrown in the slammer yesterday for eight years... "I know it's wrong but I never spent money for me... it went to my family." Walder pumped about $56 million of his stolen cash into Tarrytown hotel The Castle, a Norman style castle he bought for $2 million in 1994.the judge... ordered him to begin paying back the $70 million."
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Read article...
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BC Premier drunk driving in Hawaii
Yahoo! Canada | Submitted by: Chris
"British Columbia Premier Gordon Campbell was charged early Friday with drunk driving in Hawaii, Maui police said. Sgt. Ken Prather said Campbell, 54, was arrested at 1:23 a.m... Norman Ruff, a University of Victoria political expert, said Campbell can still perform his duties despite the charge." He is, however, going to resign.
|
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Read article...
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Effectiveness of the three strikes policy
WOKR-TV 13 Rochester | Submitted by: Captain Prozac
"Police have charged a Rochester parolee with beating a Gates man to death in his home the day before Thanksgiving... Police allege that Hawkins knew that, with his record, he would go to prison for a long time if caught again, so when he confronted Gallina, the stakes of the burglary attempt changed." In other words, that man was beaten to death as a result of the Three Strikes law.
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Read article...
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Bowling alley worker killed in freak accident
Wichita Eagle | Submitted by: J0PY-666
"A 29 year old overnight maintenance worker was crushed to death by a bowling pin resetting machine at a west side bowling alley... Employees who arrived for work at 8 a.m. today at West Acres Bowl, 749 N. Ridge Road, found the man still caught in the machine, police said... It appears the man was on all fours when the machine came on and trapped him, police said. Paramedics pronounced him dead on scene."
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Read article...
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Kid's Storytime with R. Kelly
Wire Services | Submitted by: Dustin Prewitt
"The book, aimed at readers aged 6-9, originally was issued in 1998. It is one of Dulaney's so-called "Fuzzy-Feelings" series, titles offering children lessons on self-esteem, hard work, and, in the case of R. Kelly, making it against all odds... Presumably, the book does not cover the scandals that touched Kelly's life even before the child-porn case, namely, his reputed 1994 marriage to the then underage Aaliyah."
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Read article...
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A Year in the Life of the Drug War
AlterNet | Submitted by: I.P. TeAichsee
"For the past 15 years, lawmakers have pursued tough-on-drugs policies in an effort to create a "drug free America," plowing billions of dollars into prosecuting and imprisoning drug offenders. Is it working?Not according to many drug policy observers of each political stripe. Indeed, some claim the war on drugs has been a complete – and extremely costly – failure. "House Republicans Thursday unveiled a package of bills to combat drug abuse and vowed to make America virtually drug-free by 2002." - Reuters, May 1998."
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Read article...
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Potheads worse than terrorists
Cannabis News | Submitted by: I.P. TeAitchsee
"Mr. Alsobrooks needs to look at the real facts. Almost three quarters of a million arrests are made each year in the US for so-called marijuana "crimes." That's 315 times the total number of terrorist related arrests made in the entire world in about the thirteen month period from 9/11 until the end of October 2002."
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No airstrike today, General's surfing porn again
Business Week | Submitted by: lemmiwinks
"Stories of Special Forces troopers calling in air strikes with laser pointers made the media, but behind the scenes commanders had to queue up for satellite uplinks and bickering broke out over who would get access to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Many officers complained of bandwidth limitations that crimped their ability to use newly networked systems... The further you get out in a deployed scenario, the less bandwidth is available."
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Read article...
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Kentucky wants to snoop confessionals
Newsday | Submitted by: Dirty Sammy
"A state legislator has outraged religious groups by introducing a bill that would abolish the right clergy now have to stay silent when they learn in a confessional that a child has been abused... Kentucky already requires members of the public, including clergy, to notify civil authorities about child abuse if they learn about the wrongdoing outside of the confessional."
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Read article...
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Food stamps make you fat
Fox News | Submitted by: Crazy Quagga
"'In a time of mass obesity, encouraging the poor to consume more food makes no sense at all,' said the researcher, University of Maryland Professor Douglas Besharov." Yes, our food resources should be going to all those starving rich people out there. Though we must admit to having spotted more than a few welfare "double wide" moms in the grocery line.
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Read article...
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Fight with computer brings SWAT team
Boulder Daily Camera | Submitted by: J0PY-666
"A 32 year old Boulder man who had opened his apartment's patio door to enjoy Wednesday's unusually warm weather was later overheard screaming threats and seen waving what appeared to be a handgun, prompting a maintenance worker to call police... It turned out that the man was simply upset at his computer, which he had called a "bitch" he "wanted to kill," police said, and the gun was a plastic pellet gun, not the .45-caliber automatic handgun it was made to resemble.
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Read article...
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New Half Dori
Mainichi Daily News | Submitted by: LucrezaBorgia
"New Half is a fairly recent euphemism for female impersonator. That they exist in Japan is certainly nothing new; that the back side of Kabukicho features a darkened street, where foreign guys in skirts flash shapely legs, smile prettily and toss their long black tresses in search of willing customers."First he got on his knees and I tried to ream him from behind," the reporter writes. "But even from that angle, he still looked like a man and I couldn't keep it up. Then he turned over, to see if we could get it on in the missionary position; but the feeling from directly contacting his erection was a big turnoff. So nothing ever came of it, especially me!"
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Read article...
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Animal lover gives critters full support
Austin American-Statesman | Submitted by: Col. Klink
"The baby possums are easier to put up with in your brassiere than the baby squirrels, says Allison Adams of Round Rock... "The hardest to deal with in my bra are the squirrels," said Allison, 23. "The possums are actually the easiest. They're adorable, beautiful little animals, and since they're used to being in a pouch with their mom, they're used to the feeling. The squirrels, they're not used to it. They're moving around, and every once in a while you hear them squeaking."
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Read article...
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The family that squeals together...
New York Post | Submitted by: wingnut
"Meet the family of canaries who brought down an elusive Mafia don. Richard "Shellackhead" Cantarella, 59, his wife Lauretta Castelli, 57, and his son, Paul, 31, decided over the Christmas holidays to join hands in the federal witness protection program. With Cantarella suddenly facing life behind bars for murder, his son looking at a stiff term for kidnapping and home invasions, and Castelli mulling several years in prison for witness tampering and money laundering, the trio opted to cut a deal." Shellackhead?!?
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Read article...
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Cruising just now hitting Ohio
Canton Repository | Submitted by: anonymous
"Some get out of their vehicles and loiter around restrooms. They even approach unsuspecting men who really are there for the fresh air and exercise. On any given day, men go to parks in and around Stark County in search of anonymous sex with other men. It's called cruising." They're just now reporting this? Canton must truly be in bumfuck. Perhaps they should watch more Al Pacino movies.
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Read article...
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Bride stabbed to death on wedding day
femail | Submitted by: Uninvited Guest
"Police were today hunting a family member after a bride-to-be was found stabbed to death on her wedding day... The victim, an Asian woman aged 21 who has not yet been named, was found at around 2pm yesterday after relatives who had gathered for the ceremony heard screaming from a upstairs bedroom."
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Read article...
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Man self-administers boob job, dies
News Corporation | Submitted by: clove
An Indonesian transvestite died after he injected himself with silicon that he hoped would enlarge his breasts... the paper quoted Sugrabrata's brother as saying that he had injected himself three times with silicon before his death. He obtained the chemical from a friend, the report said."
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Read article...
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Would you like popcorn with your genocide, sir?
Guardian | Submitted by: Ann Onymous
It's rare to get slapped in the cinema. But more than 15 years ago, it happened to me. Or at least to my friend sitting in the next seat. Aware that the movie we were about to see was a long one, he had stocked up on a mega-bag of popcorn. Ten minutes into the film, he was munching away, when a woman from the row behind reached down and gave his leg a firm smack. "Have you no respect?"
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Read article...
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Yorkie, the new weapon of choice
Wire Services | Submitted by: Tanya Hunter
"The Kellers said that it was a simple sale that just went wrong. But the Turners disagree. "She grabbed him over the top of his neck, around his throat and started hitting me with the dog," Virginia Turner told KMBC in August."
Who knew Yorkie's were so versatile?
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Read article...
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Draft synthetic tree of life, version 1, 14 April 2014, compressed Newick file, UTF-8, about 21Mbyte NOTE: names updated to comply with newick standard on 27 July 2014.


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tachyons-opacity
This module is a sequence of opacity values that you can apply to any element to adjust the opacity of text, backgrounds, and images. These can be used in some creative ways to achieve some interesting visual effects.
This module is a sequence of opacity values that you can apply to any element to adjust the opacity of text, backgrounds, and images. These can be used in some creative ways to achieve some interesting visual effects.

/*
Opacity
*/
.o-100 { opacity: 1; }
.o-90 { opacity: .9; }
.o-80 { opacity: .8; }
.o-70 { opacity: .7; }
.o-60 { opacity: .6; }
.o-50 { opacity: .5; }
.o-40 { opacity: .4; }
.o-30 { opacity: .3; }
.o-20 { opacity: .2; }
.o-10 { opacity: .1; }
.o-05 { opacity: .05; }
.o-025 { opacity: .025; }


| DOSE: |
50 mg |
oral |
4-AcO-DMT |
(powder / crystals) |
I had been messing around with psychedelics for about 2 years prior to this experience, and i was very strongly craving that deep spiritual experience you read about everywhere. So much, that i was willing to take ridiculous amounts of a substance just to get there.
I had some experience with 2c's, lsd, and dmt before, but nothing mind blowing to say the least. I had tried 4-Aco-DMT once before (10mg) and had a very relaxing controlled experience, but i was still missing that cosmic awakening i kept reading about.
So i loaded up ~50mg of 4-Aco-DMT on a scale, dissolved it in some water, and swallowed it. So far so good. A little nervous, but i was sure i could handle it.
I was surprised to feel it kicking in within 5 minutes of taking it. Last time it took at least 45. I started to get a bit worried so i went online only to have it remind me that 50mg's was considered an 'extremely large dose'. That got the anxiety going.
 Noticeable open eye visuals like i had never seen before.  Unfortunately, as soon as i stood up i realized this was impossible. I was way deeper than i thought i would be, and it's only been a few minutes so far. This was supposed to last for a full 6-7 hours.
I realized quickly i was in trouble and that there was absolutely nothing i could do to stop it. It was going to happen, i couldn't get it out of my head and that was that. So i lay down on my bed, turned off the lights and prepared for the madness that was about to engulf me.
The next hour or two were composed mostly of me trying to hold on to my sanity and remain aware of where and what i was, as i felt these two simple constants already being torn away from me. All of my thoughts were modified, distorted, pulled, stretched, and illustrated to me in immense hyper-dimensional visuals too complex to describe.
I was extremely afraid, mostly because i didn't know how much deeper i would be pulled in, and because i was painfully aware that there was no 'eject' button i could pull to save myself when things were getting too dark. It was at this point that i realized there was no way to fight it, and i had to surrender myself completely. So i stopped all resistance, cleared my mind, and just lay there hoping i would somehow just pass out and wake up in the morning as sober as ever.
Somewhere during this time that i was laying there, the experience peaked. Reality melted away from me completely. Hands, feet, face, body, my bed and blankets were all but a distant memory. I was just a ball of energy. Floating out there somewhere drowned out in waves of energy.
At a point i realized that i was dead. My body was gone, I was gone. There was just the energy that used to be me. For a while i was afraid of my death, i wanted to go back, i wanted to live. Then i realized that there was no way to go back after seeing what i saw and feeling what i felt. I couldn't fit into the world anymore, i had to be pushed out. With these thoughts i accepted my death. Everything felt calm and silent.  It was incredibly peaceful.
It's very hard to write out the experience after this time. There is a fundamental difference between knowing and understanding, and although i could attempt to make others know what i felt, it is impossible to make anyone understand.
Sometime later i realized that i was slowly coming down. It was an incredible moment of relief, and euphoria filled every inch of me. I was not out of the woods yet.  Then i would slowly become more aware of where and what I was, and i would get tired of the state I was in, and then i would slowly slip back into nothingness and become ignorant again. It was a process of rebirth that cycled over and over again far more times than i can remember.
Slowly i found myself laying in my bed, squirming around and laughing. For the first time in hours i was able to open my eyes and saw my ceiling which was still squirming and morphing above me. I felt my hand and raised it. It felt like it was at least a few hundred miles long. I couldn't count how many fingers i had but just the face that i was able to see them filled me with joy. I laughed and laughed, and after about an hour i was sober enough to stand up and take a shower.
By far one of the most incredible and horrifying experiences of my life, much more than I ever expected or desired.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


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Microsoft’s Experiment With Introduction of 3-Day Weekend Shows 40 Percent Productivity Boost
Microsoft Japan carried out a “Working Reform Project” called the Work-Life Choice Challenge Summer 2019, offering 2,300 employees every Friday off during the month – and saw a record boost in productivity.
For one month last August, the company implemented a three-day weekend every week, calling the Fridays “special paid vacation” that did not come at the expense of any other vacation time – and the results turned out to be incredible.
According to the company, the employees took 25.4 percent fewer days off during the month, printed 58.7 percent fewer pages, and used 23.1 percent less electricity in the office, saving money for the company.
The productivity went up by a staggering 39.9 percent, meaning that even though the employees were at work for less time,they got more work done.
A lot of the increase in productivity is attributed to the changing of meetings: with only four days many meetings were cut, shortened, or changed to virtual meetings instead of in-person to get the work done on time.
Moreover, 92.1 percent of employees said that they liked the four-day workweek at the end of the trial. Due to its success this year, Microsoft is planning on repeating it again next summer or perhaps at other times as well.


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{% if course_basics["exists"] %} {% if assignment_basics["exists"] %}
Click on an exercise to view the student's past submissions.
| Exercise | # Submissions | Score | |
|---|---|---|---|
| {{ exercise[1]["title"] }} | {% else %}{{ exercise[1]["title"] }} | {% end %}{{ exercise[1]["num_submissions"] }} | {{ round(exercise[1]["score"]) }}% |


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A simple to-do list app. This was my first Angular app, featuring directives, filters and controllers.
A web app for the world traveler. Built using AngularJS, Gulp, and REST Countries API. This was the final project for bootcamp.
A single-page theatre seat reservation app featuring jQuery. This was a group midterm project.
This is a random word generator which I completed with another developer at Grand Circus using AngularJS.
Here you will see the completion of my first WordPress attempt. I created it locally so you may not be able to view the website.


Agege Motor Road: A driver’s nightmare - The Nation Newspaper
by https://www.facebook.com/alao.h.joshuaRuth Oladapo
No the regular users of the Idi-Oro, Mushin end of the ever-busy Agege Motor Road, fallen articulated vehicles, and crater-sized potholes with murky water and long-winding vehicular queues have become a regular sight.
This nightmarish road challenge residents and motorists face daily has now been compounded by activities of traffic robbers who terrorise them without let, The Nation learnt.
Our reporter, who was on the road for on-the-spot assessment, observed that motorists have abandoned the inward Mushin lane and resorted to driving against traffic.
Read Also: No roads like ours!
Some of the drivers said they were scared of being stuck on the bad road as miscreants and hoodlums usually took advantage of the situation to carry out their nefarious operations in spite of the proximity of a police station to the place.
They lamented that several appeals made to the government to repair the road had fallen on deaf ears.
According to them, the road is a strategic one which connects most major highways in the state, just as they wondered why it was difficult for the government to rehabilitate it.
“Trucks fall here daily and the traffic is usually unbearable but sadly, nothing is being done about it. If only the government could fix the bad portions of the road, it would ease traffic and spare us the agony of being robbed while driving,” said a motorist.
A resident, Mr Olusola Adegoke who said he had lived in the area for seven years, told our reporter the road has been bad for about three years.
“The road has been bad for the past three years and the government did not come to the aid of the citizens despite several lamentations,” he said.


Answer <IP_ADDRESS>.
Emissivity ranges from 0 to 1. \(T_a \) ranges from 127.45 to 254.9 K. When \(\epsilon_a = 0 \text{,}\) \(T_a \) is at its minimum of 127.45 K and when \(\epsilon_a = 1 \text{,}\) \(T_a \) is at its maximum of 254.9 K. \(T_E \) ranges from 151.65 to 303.3 K.
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With the recent talk on the blogosphere about deployment (and for Django, and lots of other posts too), people are thinking about PHP a bit more analytically. I think people mostly get it wrong.
There are several different process models for the web:
- CGI, where every request creates a new process, and the process handles only one request. (You could also fork a new process each request with mostly the same result.)
- Worker processes, where a process handles one request at a time, but the process is long-lived and will handle another request after finishing the first.
- Threaded, where a process handles multiple requests, each in its own thread. Threads may or may not be reused (depending on whether you use a thread pool), and that’s kind of like the difference between CGI and worker processes. But it’s not a big difference because either way the process is long lived, including all your objects.
- Asynchronous, where a process handles multiple requests without threads. Typically your code is event driven: a request is an event, but so are things like "database results returned", or "file read from disk". Code takes the form of short snippets between these events.
What people don’t realize is that PHP is effectively a CGI model of execution. People don’t appreciate this because PHP is implemented with mod_php, an Apache module. There are many other modules like mod_perl (the first of these mod_language modules), mod_python, mod_ruby, etc. None of these other modules are like mod_php. This has led many a commentator astray because they don’t get this. This is because the PHP language was written for mod_php. Perl, Python, Ruby — none of them were written to be used as an Apache module. You can’t take one of these existing languages and just retrofit it to be like PHP or like mod_php.
Why is it important that PHP has a CGI like model? Mostly because it lets two groups separate their work: system administration types (including hosting companies) set up the environment, and developer types use the environment, and they don’t have to interact much. The developers are empowered, and the administrators are not bothered.
Some details:
- PHP processes can leak memory like crazy. It doesn’t matter because they only leak memory for one request.
- PHP processes can be easily killed if they act badly (sucking up too much memory or if they get caught in an infinite loop).
- PHP code has no global state. It has lots of global variables, but since they only live for one request they are relatively harmless. (Not entirely harmless, but what’s a major sin in another language is only a minor sin in PHP.) The process cannot become corrupted.
- There’s no global set of installed libraries (besides what PHP is compiled with). If you want to include a library you include files, typically relative paths. You won’t include someone else’s library accidentally. (This has changed in PHP, but the search path remains largely unused.)
- Most of the language is implemented in C, in a shared library. In comparison Python has "batteries included", but those batteries are largely written in Python. Python code is not shareable, and can take time to load up. So while a single Python CGI script might be small, it probably imports lots of code which would have to be loaded each request. PHP scripts actually are small. (Stuff like PEAR changes this by adding substantial libraries written in PHP, but also seriously effects PHP performance.)
- What few system-dependent libraries and C extensions that are required are compiled into PHP, and hosting companies have kind of figured out a consistent set of these libraries (stuff like database drivers, an image processing library, and XML parsing). Individual developers write only PHP (and that’s all they are typically allowed to write).
These features are all contrary to the design of these other languages, and even more contrary to the conventions in other language communities. Python programmers could write all their libraries in C and start to make CGI scripts feasible, but they don’t and they won’t.
Focusing on mod_php is a goose chase. You have to focus on the features it provides.
Here’s the features I think are important:
- The failure cases are isolated. Processes never get wedged. One user doesn’t take out another user’s application. Even one bad page in an application won’t take out the entire application.
- File-based deployment. There isn’t a build process for deploying a PHP application. You put the files in the right place and they are deployed. (Configuration in PHP is fuzzy, but PHP is not perfect.)
- Minimal global dependencies. If you use libraries then you package those libraries with your application. You don’t worry about the administrator upgrading something on the system and breaking your application. (At least not much, there still things like upgrading mod_php that can break your application, or changing settings in php.ini. PHP is not perfect.)
- It’s pretty easy to do multiple deployments for development. You just drop another copy of the files somewhere else and change your database settings.
And of course the high-level features:
- Working applications stay working. (Even half-working applications at least stay half-working.)
- Administrators aren’t being hassled to make little changes and fixes all the time.
- Developers can do what they need to do without going through the administrators.
People or organizations that are hybrid developer/administrators don’t care about this so much. And that makes sense; this is all about separating those two roles. Though even developer/administrators would benefit from a better story here because it would let them concentrate more on being developers and the administration part will start taking care of itself.
Solving this is all the harder because of how it interacts with the language itself. But it’s not impossible. Process model 2 — worker processes — are feasible for most languages. You just need a really good process manager (including process setup for isolation, and process monitoring to mitigate problems). Apache alone is not this manager. mod_fastcgi could be this manager, but it’s not. Maybe mod_wsgi will become this manager for Python.
Automatically generated list of related posts:
- Git-as-sync, not source-control-as-deployment I don’t like systems that use git push for deployment...
I think that mod_wsgi’s concept of a “Daemon Mode” will end up being this really good process manager for Python web apps. It seems to have been designed specifically with shared hosting in mind and has some relatively simple configuration directives.
For my own part, I would rather see some sort of setup that makes it easy to install application servers, be they mongrels, pasters, or any other flavor, as well as providing the web server config for apache, lighttpd, ngnix, and so on. Seems a bit more extensible than mod_wsgi.
You sort of understand but you don’t understand how difficult it is to deploy mod_perl in a multi-user environment on a shared-hosting situation. It is hard and difficult, very problematic because of the features mod_perl provides which PHP can’t.
Sandboxing and deployment are 2 big reason mod_php caught on. Not this silly argument that php was written for mod_php.
> Sandboxing and deployment are 2 big reason mod_php caught on. Not this silly argument that php was written for mod_php.
Abraham – think you’re also be lead astray. First “good enough” performance (vs. CGI) also played a big part in why PHP caught on ( http://www.trachtenberg.com/PHP.pdf does a a fair job of documenting the history, if you can see past the PHP advocacy ) but Ian’s point is spot on – PHP was designed to handle memory allocation and error conditions in a manner which is tied directly to HTTP requests, something you don’t just by just embedded Perl/Ruby/Python straight into Apache – there’s description of the design here, although it’s relatively low level – http://devzone.zend.com/article/1021-Extension-Writing-Part-I-Introduction-to-PHP-and-Zend#Heading3 – Lifecycles and Memory Allocation – what mod_php does in it’s “RSHUTDOWN” phase (request shutdown) is what is unique.
Abraham: I’m basically agreeing with you; mod_perl doesn’t work in multi-user environments or on shared hosts, and it has to do with the way the language interpreter is designed. It also has to do with the hooks mod_perl gives you into the Apache process, but even if you decreased the number of hooks that alone wouldn’t be enough. Well, you could make a setup where the Perl process essentially started and stopped for each request, and then you’d have what’s effectively just a Perl CGI script. PHP is a middle ground where they get most of the advantage of CGI and still maintain reasonable performance.
Why build process management into a web sever module rather than as part of the runtime :(
What if frameworks could be error proof “microkernels” of interacting managed/restartable processes ala Erlang “instance as a process” ?
http://bayfp.org/talks/slides/yarivsadan6dec07_bayfp.pdf
Even has hot code swap!
>system administration types (including hosting companies) set up the >environment, and developer types use the environment
I wish this were true… What actually happens is that sysadmin types set up the environment, and developers yell that they need version N+1, and sysadmin types rebuild it and developer types then decide that they also need it built with modules X, Y, and Z too. And now sysadmin types have to manually track upstream updates for PHP and a build and testing environment for it.
You know, exactly the same thing that happens with Python. I can’t off hand think of a single serious python developer that is happy with the version of Python which is shipped in the enterprise distros.
It makes the baby panda cry.
Sean
The great thing about using php for a framework is that it allows nearly anyone to use their existing hosting to “install” new software by uploading “Drupal”, “WordPress”, or “Joomla”. It’s in true omnipresent PHP permissive mentality, and great for putting hundreds of sites on the same box — it is inexpensive.
While modwsgi is designed for commodity shared hosting in mind, it could be used for dedicated hosts just as well. Using modwsgi on shared hosting largely depends on if those admins choose to adapt using modwsgi in a similar way that has made modphp and php omnipresent. Furthermore, using modwsgi apps will still only be able to serve up so many simultaneous sessions on a one application one site model, thus if each site has it’s own process, it will be limited. I’ve tested my python app which has a complex templating module in both modwsgi daemon and embedded mode at around 30-40 simultaneous sessions before it noticeably starts to really grind really slow. (Perhaps I don’t have things configured correctly, by using threading?…) 100 sessions pretty much locked the app up until the sessions ended. I’m also on a VPS w/ 128mb of ram for testing. To scale well, I am imagining that there would need to be several apps used that interact with each other, and some interesting things could be possible with modwsgi daemon mode. Each app could take care of many different sites, and be able to spawn child process if it needs. One of those apps could be to write to disk previous requests, so as to be able to bypass all the other apps and serve directly a static file, this would enable huge performance gains for serving thousands of people those pages simultaneously. As for the user login side, each logged in user could have a duplicate site process dedicated to them. This could allow them to possibly make site wide changes with out ever committing them live, and see them as if they were live. When they are finished they can merge that data with the site data and make the updates, the static process could then recreate the changed pages. All in all, modwsgi, and or a webserver with an equivalent function of daemon management of python apps via wsgi, has lots of potential. One of the downsides is that Apache must be restarted frequently for changes in configuration, and updates to scripts, although I could be missing something… as I havn’t tried configuring such behavior yet and to dig into how modwsgi works. Perhaps something built with Erlang could provide a better webserver for this kind of thing, and allow for python to have an omnipresence among hosting, with lower level control of the system. Thus this would enable far greater complex functionality outside the framework’s language and framework’s design scope more efficiently. A framework thus isn’t it’s own world, but would provide more interfaces to interact with any software on the system. Python can be great for this.
I agree with your premise 100%. For web-based development since PHP was written for that exact environment, PHP is excellent and in an framework it reduces development of complex sites from months to days, outside of a framework PHP’s memory management and speed makes its scalability amazing. However, calling PHP a “CGI-based” process may be ok for the masses, but I nearly stopped reading after that sentence because its not accurate and does PHP a dis-service.
I get your point, PHP cleans up after itself and is fast and that’s super-critical in web environments. I did an eval of a Java based enterprise-class system (many machines each with 32 Gig) with scalability issues because they had many scripts that had to run per scale-level (each script did something different). Java likes to pre-compile and load all its stuff and scripts into memory and keep it there. That’s just the nature of Java. I’m not dissing Java in general – I’d use it instead of PHP in other applications – but it was the wrong tool for the job for a complex, web-based, frequently changing, many many calculation-based, enterprise-level system. The final implementation? A Java-PHP hybrid succeeding where Java by itself failed. But I digress.
My complaint is your use of the term CGI model. CGI (common gateway interface) is just an API for how to call standalone programs. CGI processes can be called from a server running in threaded or worker mode. PHP can be called in CGI mode or via mod_php. A badly written non-PHP CGI script won’t clean up after itself. In one case I saw a badly written OS (not Linux), run on a badly written web server (not Apache), calling a badly written CGI script (not PHP) and it ran out of total memory causing the server to have to reboot.
Again I agree, a badly written PHP script will not those memory issues. PHP cleans up after itself,loads amazingly quickly (even faster with optimizers), etc, etc.; but calling it CGI-based grates against the actual definition of CGI and kills me. Instead of calling it CGI-based I think you should call it something else. I don’t have a good term “requestional-based?” “session-y-ness?” “session-envelope-based?” “web-transactional?”, “web-module-based?” :) ANYTHING but CGI.
I’ll have to candidate this post for “100% right” post of the year! I have been trying to formalize all these aspects (to coworkers and managers, mostly) for a long time, but without ever reaching a reasonably clear explanation. I do not mind too much about cgi vs. worker processes models details, insofar the huge advances in saving developers time are spelled out:
automagic resource, variable and memory teardown PER REQUEST (this is teh magic, baby)
This is what gives imho php a bad rep on slashdot: you can code sloppy and get away with it! global vars are ok!
no shared state (almost, and you can put that in the db, generally).
I had a “revelation” moment once when I rewrote a C app running on text only wireless terminals: turning the quite-standard app into a simple “browser” that a – sent queries to the server and b – always displayed back the received results as ‘a page’ (plus handled a couple of error codes) shrank the codebase to one third, eliminated bugs and most importantly made all subsequent evolutions trivial (just change your code inside the db / server, no more recompiling or deploying ever!). State is your enemy!
nice process / application isolation is a huge bonus, too, even though it is still quite common and not so unlikely to bring a server to his knees (tight neverending loop, allocating huge chunks of memory or a huge number of db connecions or filling up your partition with logs, etc).
All in all my only wish is for even more sandboxing and isolation, eg. running code at different security levels, only allowing a subset of functions/operations, checking it for correctness before executing etc. Then we would need no more stinking template libraries!
Great writeup of the various flavors of process models.
PHP definitely has some big advantages in this realm.
Excellent excellent article, this is exactly why I prefer to use PHP to any other language.
If you use mod_fastcgi+perl but add a ‘die’ statement at the end of your (fastcgi) script, your CGI process prespawn but only service one request.
Doesn’t that get you pretty close to mod_php’s sandboxing/etc?
I had to do something like this to address a memory leak. I ‘died’ my script after more than one request, but the same principal applies.
From what I’ve seen WebFaction doesn’t make any changes to the software. They just run each tool’s HTTP server (most come with one) behind their main Apache server. Their control panel makes it easy to configure which domain should go to which tool. It’s very simple but from my experience it’s rock solid and still very fast.
Not directly related to your point; your article prompted me to blurb about the differences between mod_(perl|php|python) from a closer to the metal standpoint on my blog.
It is very easy to get a PHP installation up and running with adequate debugging for simple scripts, or for simple customisations of existing ones.
This also means that PHP apps (WordPress for example) end up having a huge range of extensions/plugins etc. (getting away with sloppy coding helps).
Saludos,
Gracias a artículos o comentarios como estos, seguiremos trabajando con PHP. Desde hace mucho tiempo desarrollo con php y hasta ahora no he encontrado algo mejor para trabajar mis aplicaciones web’s. Espero que siga así por mucho tiempo, buena esa Bicking..!
Ian, what you think: can Lua (build on C libraries like PHP, but more flexible) man PHP, fill it’s place in Web? Potentially it’s possible. (But Lua, I suppose, aims to accomplish the Web in other way…)
About mod_perl .. If you want to sandbox your mod_perl stuff, shouldn’t you use “PerlOptions +Parent” option like this:
[http://perl.apache.org/docs/2.0/user/config/config.html#C_Parent_](http://perl.apache.org/docs/2.0/user/config/config.html#C_Parent_)
You will then have your own (or pool of) Perl interpreters for every virtualhost .. or even for a specific directories under one vhost.
If you need the simplicity of PHP, and just want to put your stuff under the document root directory and start coding, HTML::Mason is a good choice with very gentle learning curve. When you need more (for example to separate your DB logic to a separate “model” .pm), it allows you to use any native Perl module, as all Mason templates/components are just Perl.
In a multi-site environment, just setup own INC path for every site/customer and run the interpreters in own sandboxes (as described above). For MVC, use Catalyst. You can still use Mason as a View.
Not directly related to your point; your article prompted me to blurb about the differences between mod_(perl|php|python) from a closer to the metal standpoint
Excellent excellent article, this is exactly why I prefer to use PHP to any other language
Continuing the link trail following your post on my blog.
http://frankkoehl.com/2009/01/jeff-atwood-still-wrong-about-php
I’ve never heard the argument (for or against) couched in PHP relationship with Apache, a la mod_php. Brings new perspective to what constitutes the pros and cons.
I think that mod_wsgi’s concept of a “Daemon Mode” will end up being this really good process manager for Python web apps. It seems to have been designed specifically with shared hosting in mind and has some relatively simple configuration directives.
A framework thus isn’t it’s own world, but would provide more interfaces to interact with any software on the system. Python can be great for this.