MinuteMatch
About
Quiz
Contact
Location
What is your Zip Code?
How far do you want to live from home (in miles)?
Do you want to go to school in a specific state?
No Preference
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District Of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
The Numbers
What is your SAT score?
What is your ACT score?
What is your GPA out of 4.0?
The College
Two year or four year college?
2 year college
4 year college
What kind of college do you want to go to?
No Preference
Public College
Private College
For Profit College
How big do you want your school to be?
No Preference
Large
Medium
Small
Do you want us to show safeties?
Yes
No
Do you want us to show reaches?
Yes
No


Nasa spots mysterious 'battling galaxies' locked in 'wild and violent' conflict
Nasa has released a picture of two galaxies ‘battling’ way out in deep space.
The two spiral star systems look a little bit our own Milky Way, which is also doomed to wage its own cosmic war against a neighbour galaxy.
‘What’s happening to these spiral galaxies?’ Nasa asked.
‘Although details remain uncertain, there sure seems to be a titanic battle going on.’
The upper galaxy is called UGC 1810, but is also named Arp 273 when considered part of one large system along with its sparring partners.
‘The overall shape of the UGC 1810 – in particular its blue outer ring – is likely a result of wild and violent gravitational interactions,’ Nasa added.
‘The blue colour of the outer ring at the top is caused by massive stars that are blue hot and have formed only in the past few million years.
‘The inner part of the upper galaxy – itself an older spiral galaxy – appears redder and threaded with cool filamentary dust.
Advertisement Advertisement
‘A few bright stars appear well in the foreground, unrelated to colliding galaxies, while several far-distant galaxies are visible in the background.’
Arp 273 lies about 300 million light-years away towards the constellation of Andromeda.
It’s ‘quite likely’ that UGC 1810 will ‘devour its galactic sidekicks over the next billion years and settle into a classic spiral form’.
At some point in the future, our galaxy will plough into Andromeda and form a massive new star system.
Scientists have worked out how long we’ve got until the Milky Way smashes into a neighbouring galaxy – and you don’t need to be too worried just yet.
It’s now believed this will happen in 4.5 billion years time, rather than 3.9 billion years into the future.
Astronomers used data from the European Space Agency’s Gaia satellite to study the movements of Andromeda.
They said the collision will happen later than expected and will also be ‘less destructive’, with the two galaxies hitting each other in a ‘glancing blow’ rather than a head-on collision.
‘This finding is crucial to our understanding of how galaxies evolve and interact,” says Timo Prusti, ESA Gaia Project Scientist.
So what will happen when Andromeda hits the Milky Way?
With both galaxies made up of more than 100 billion stars, you might think that the collision will be explosive.
Advertisement Advertisement
But it’s believed that gap between stars is so huge that the actual number of collisions is likely to be small.
However, the stellar dance caused by this cosmic carve-up will still be very dramatic.
The gravitational chaos caused when the two galaxies begin to interact with each other will throw stars out of their orbit and into a huge swirl.
It’s likely the two galaxies would then settle down to form a new galaxy.
Our own solar system would probably survive this process, although it seems unlikely that humanity will be around to see it.


WinkMeUp
Wake up to your
FRIENDS'
favorite rythmn!
Sign in
Sign Up
Name
Username
Password
Phone number
Join
WinkMeUp is a fun little app that allows friends to send alarm clock (song/video) among themselves.
This will allow people to wake up to the rhythm of a music/show chosen by their friends.
Soon available on Android.


|
intelevator
0.1
Welcome to intelevator, the inteligent elevator!
|
#include <Reporter.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| Reporter () | |
| virtual | ~Reporter () |
| void | generate (std::shared_ptr< Simulator > simulator) |
| void | generate () |
| void | generateUnifiedReport (std::vector< std::shared_ptr< Simulator >> simulators) |
| void | generateReport (std::shared_ptr< Simulator > simulator) |
| void | generateArrivals (std::shared_ptr< Simulator > simulator) |
| void | generateDropOffs (std::shared_ptr< Simulator > simulator) |
| void | generateCharts (std::shared_ptr< Simulator > simulator) |
Definition at line 12 of file Reporter.h.
| Reporter::Reporter | ( | ) |
Definition at line 35 of file Reporter.cpp.
|
virtual |
Definition at line 37 of file Reporter.cpp.
| void Reporter::generate | ( | std::shared_ptr< Simulator > | simulator | ) |
Definition at line 39 of file Reporter.cpp.
| void Reporter::generate | ( | ) |
| void Reporter::generateArrivals | ( | std::shared_ptr< Simulator > | simulator | ) |
| void Reporter::generateCharts | ( | std::shared_ptr< Simulator > | simulator | ) |
| void Reporter::generateDropOffs | ( | std::shared_ptr< Simulator > | simulator | ) |
| void Reporter::generateReport | ( | std::shared_ptr< Simulator > | simulator | ) |
Definition at line 138 of file Reporter.cpp.
| void Reporter::generateUnifiedReport | ( | std::vector< std::shared_ptr< Simulator >> | simulators | ) |
Definition at line 63 of file Reporter.cpp.


{% autoescape true %}
This is the quiz for your module. All questions are True or False. Once you have answered all questions you may submit the quiz for scoring.
True False


Big text dude let's type some stuff to fill in this space, like what happens when water and rubber band fuse together and form waterband or rubberwater wow!
How much text do you even need man what the heck? No one's gonna read all this and stay on the page but then if there's no text it's just a big blank space...
There are many kinds of bears. Bears, bears bears, and bears. Yeah they're all bears. The other ones are just there to trick you.
There is only one kind of Bill Murray.  It's something you have to find out for yourself.
There are no kinds of Nicolas Cage. Nicolas Cage defies categorisation. You can't cage the cage with your cages.


put a value in each input. try 'em out. just make sure to include a unit (px, %, vw, em, rem, ...)
Want more? Try advanced mode.
border-radius: 0px;


Banka
Dear Jimoh Abdus-sobur,
Banka Account eMail Notification Service
We wish to inform you that a debit transaction occured on your account with us.
The details of this transaction are shown below:
| Account Number |<PHONE_NUMBER> |
|---|---|
| Amount | 34,000.00 |
| Date | 11/12/2018 |
| Time | 10:20 |
| Current Balance | 24,000.55 |
Thank you for choosing Banka


spglm supports python 3.5 and 3.6 only. Please make sure that you are operating in a python 3 environment.
spglm is available on the Python Package Index. Therefore, you can either install directly with pip from the command line:
pip install -U spglm
or download the source distribution (.tar.gz) and decompress it to your selected destination. Open a command shell and navigate to the decompressed folder. Type:
pip install .
Potentially, you might want to use the newest features in the development version of spglm on github - pysal/spglm while have not been incorporated in the Pypi released version. You can achieve that by installing pysal/spglm by running the following from a command shell:
pip install https://github.com/pysal/spglm/archive/master.zip
You can also fork the pysal/spglm repo and create a local clone of your fork. By making changes to your local clone and submitting a pull request to pysal/spglm, you can contribute to the mgwr development.


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113488-general/topic/Complex.20number.20doesn't.20have.20has_repr.html ---
Today I had some discussions with schoolmates about complex numbers and I wanted to try to do some simple calculation with Lean, but when I did
#eval complex.mk 3 4
I got an error saying it doesn't have has_repr
and got a complex internal structure dump instead
Does real
have one?
Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


- git clone
- in databus, run ./build.sh build
- copy modbus/output/distributions/modbus.tar.gz to a linux machine where you plan to run it.
- tar -xvf modbus.tar.gz to extract the file to a directory.
- Login to your databus website.
- Click on My Databus -> Databases and make sure you create a database if you don’t have one already.
- Click on My Databus -> Groups and click create group.
- Type in a group name like “campusUsers” and click save.
- The page refreshes with you as a user in that group as an admin of that group.
- Click on Create robot and enter “writer” for the user name and click save (notice he shows up in that group now and this group owns that robot)
- Copy and paste the robot-writer’s key in the table to a clipboard for later user. This is the robot’s password that the modbus client will need.
- Click on My Databus -> Databases and then click on the database you created
- scroll down to add user and enter the username “robot-writer” and choose “Admin” as the Membership type.
- Now edit modbus/conf/meters.csv to contain your meters. The first column serial number must be unique and the model will be looked up in meterModels.json and the ip/port and slave numbers need to be correct.

- In ModBusClient.properties, set the database to the name of the database you chose above.
- Set the user to “robot-writer” instead of “robot-modbus”.
- Set the key to the key you copied in the earlier step.
- go into modbus/bin and run ./start.sh if you are on Linux. If you are on Windows, then use start.bat
- You can view the logs at modbus/logs directory (they rotate and only use 10 files so they never run you out of space)
- Next, you can query all the data in a table like so http://localhost:9000/api/getdataV1/select+f+from+TABLE+as+f if running onlocalhost(you may need to change the port and domain and definitely need to change the TABLE)
- Another way to query that gets into the modules that databus has is of the format http://localhost:9000/api/rawdataV1/{table}/{starttime}/{endtime} where start and end time must be in milliseconds since the epoch. Please use http://www.epochconverter.com/ to convert from a date to milliseconds or any software library has a function for this.
<< Back to Documentation Index


Create an account!
{{ msg }}
Username
Email
Organisation
Address
City
State
Country
Postal Code
Show Chain
Register!


Get the latest version of Nimbits Server
Complete the procedure below and we'll professionally upgrade and test an existing instance of Nimbits Server already installed on Google App Engine.
After your order, we will upgrade your existing Nimbits instance to the latest version.
We will upgrade, configure and run your existing instance through a series of tests.


With over 50 years of industry experience, we ensure our customers are more than satisfied with both the price and quality of our services.
We offer rentals of virtually anything you need to host a successful party at competitive prices.
Book a summer wedding now for special pricing! $300 --> $200
This deal includes:
Here are just some of the things we offer for rentals!
Rental Equipment |-|-| |
Price per day, days 1-3 |-|-| |
Price per day, days 4-7 |-|-| | Price per day, days 8-30 |-|-| | Price per day, days 31+ |-|-| |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cushions | $15/ea | $10/ea | $5/ea | $20/ea |
| Flowers | $5/bouqet | $4/ea | $3/ea | $10/ea |
| Furniture | $30/piece | $25/ea | $20/ea | $40/ea |
Don't see something you need? Contact us!
Dying to see the kind of work we've done in the past? Visit our instagram page!


When data is not actually in a computer's memory, it needs to be grouped together in a manageable form. Most storage devices group data together into files . A file is a collection of information. It may be a program, either in machine language or in a higher-level language (as with batch files); or it may be data.
When an application is accessing a data file, it is said to have that file open . It may be open for read and write access, just for reading, or just for writing. If a file is open, it can not be moved or deleted (although it can be copied).
You will probably not have to read all of this section. Bytewise File Operations ( Bytewise File Operations ) is important only if you will be using DOS files or GEOS byte files. Most applications will work with GEOS Virtual Memory (VM) files.


|
||||||||||
| PREV PACKAGE NEXT PACKAGE | FRAMES NO FRAMES |
See:
Description
| Interface Summary | |
|---|---|
| CallConv | The CallConv interface holds the constants
defining the native method calling conventionalisms. |
| CPPClassDescriptor | The CPPClassDescriptor interface describes a user defined
Java class defined as a C++ class. |
| NativeBehaviorDescriptor | The NativeBehaviorDescriptor interface is the base interface
of descriptor interfaces of Java methods and field-methods declared as native. |
| NativeBehaviorSignature | The NativeBehaviorSignature interface represents
the native signature declaration of all method types. |
| NativeClassDescriptor | The NativeClassDescriptor interface is the base interface
of descriptor interfaces of all user defined native classes. |
| NativeConstructorDescriptor | The NativeConstructorDescriptor is the descriptor interface
of user defined native constructors. |
| NativeConstructorSignature | The NativeConstructorSignature interface represents
the native signature declaration of native constructors. |
| NativeDirectCallbackDescriptor | The NativeDirectCallbackDescriptor interface is the base interface
of descriptor interfaces of direct callback native classes. |
| NativeDirectConstructorCallbackDescriptor | The NativeDirectConstructorCallbackDescriptor interface is the descriptor
of direct constructor callback native classes. |
| NativeDirectFieldCallbackDescriptor | The NativeDirectFieldCallbackDescriptor interface is the base interface
of descriptor interfaces of direct field callback native classes. |
| NativeDirectInstanceFieldCallbackDescriptor | The NativeDirectInstanceFieldCallbackDescriptor interface is the descriptor
of direct instance field callback native classes. |
| NativeDirectInstanceMethodCallbackDescriptor | The NativeDirectInstanceMethodCallbackDescriptor interface is the descriptor
of direct instance method callback native classes. |
| NativeDirectMethodCallbackDescriptor | The NativeDirectMethodCallbackDescriptor interface is the base interface
of descriptor interfaces of direct method callback native classes. |
| NativeDirectStaticFieldCallbackDescriptor | The NativeDirectStaticFieldCallbackDescriptor interface is the descriptor
of direct static field callback native classes. |
| NativeDirectStaticMethodCallbackDescriptor | The NativeDirectStaticMethodCallbackDescriptor interface is the descriptor
of direct static method callback native classes. |
| NativeFieldContainerDescriptor | The NativeFieldContainerDescriptor interface is the base interface
of descriptor interfaces of "field based" native classes. |
| NativeFieldDescriptor | The NativeFieldDescriptor is the descriptor interface
of native fields of user defined native classes. |
| NativeFieldMethodDescriptor | The NativeFieldMethodDescriptor is the descriptor interface
of user defined native constructors. |
| NativeFieldMethodSignature | The NativeFieldMethodSignature interface represents
the native signature declaration of native field-methods. |
| NativeFieldStructureDescriptor | The NativeFieldStructureDescriptor is the descriptor interface
of native fields of user defined native structure and C++ classes. |
| NativeInstanceFieldMethodSignature | The NativeInstanceFieldMethodSignature interface represents
the native signature declaration of native instance field-methods. |
| NativeInstanceMethodSignature | The NativeInstanceMethodSignature interface represents
the native signature declaration of native instance methods. |
| NativeMemberDescriptor | The NativeMemberDescriptor interface is the base interface
of descriptor interfaces of Java fields and methods declared as native. |
| NativeMethodDescriptor | The NativeMethodDescriptor interface is the base interface
of descriptor interfaces of Java methods declared as native. |
| NativeMethodSignature | The NativeMethodSignature interface represents
the native signature declaration of native methods. |
| NativeMultipleFieldContainerDescriptor | The NativeMultipleFieldContainerDescriptor interface is the base interface
of descriptor interfaces of unions and "separated field" containers like C++ classes
and structures. |
| NativeObjectArrayDescriptor | The NativeObjectArrayDescriptor interface represents
the descriptor of an user defined native capable object array class. |
| NativeObjectFieldContainerDescriptor | The NativeObjectFieldContainerDescriptor interface is the base interface
of descriptor interfaces of one and only native field user defined classes. |
| NativeParameterDec | The NativeParameterDec interface represents
a parameter declaration of a native method signature. |
| NativePointerDescriptor | The NativePointerDescriptor interface represents
the descriptor of an user defined pointer wrapper. |
| NativeSeparatedFieldContainerDescriptor | The NativeSeparatedFieldContainerDescriptor interface is the base interface
of descriptor interfaces of "separated field" containers like C++ classes
and structures. |
| NativeSignatureManager | The NativeSignatureManager is the interface used to declare signatures
of native methods. |
| NativeStaticFieldMethodSignature | The NativeStaticFieldMethodSignature interface represents
the native signature declaration of static native field-methods. |
| NativeStaticMethodSignature | The NativeStaticMethodSignature interface represents
the native signature declaration of static native methods. |
| NativeTypeManager | The NativeTypeManager is the interface used to declare native
types using native capable classes (user defined or predefined). |
| NativeVarTypeManager | The NativeVarTypeManager is the interface used to declare native
variable types. |
| StringEncoding | The StringEncoding declares the constants used to define
the encoding and size of characters of native strings. |
| StructureDescriptor | The StructureDescriptor interface describes a user defined
Java class defined as a structure. |
| TypeCanBeNativeCapable | The TypeCanBeNativeCapable is the interface that
represents a native type declaration of "can be native"
classes and native wrapper classes
(user defined and predefined). |
| TypeNative | The TypeNative is the interface that represents a native
type declaration using native capable classes (user defined or predefined). |
| TypeNativeArray | The TypeNativeArray is the interface that represents a native
array type declaration using a Java array or a predefined array wrapper
or a user defined array class. |
| TypeNativeBehavior | The TypeNativeBehavior is the interface that represents a native
behavior type declaration. |
| TypeNativeCapable | The TypeNativeCapable is the interface that
represents a native type declaration of native (Object based) classes. |
| TypeNativeConstructor | The TypeNativeConstructor is the interface that represents a native
constructor type declaration. |
| TypeNativeFieldMethod | The TypeNativeFieldMethod is the interface that represents a native
field-method type declaration. |
| TypeNativeInstanceFieldMethod | The TypeNativeInstanceFieldMethod is the interface that
represents a native instance field-method type declaration. |
| TypeNativeInstanceMethod | The TypeNativeInstanceMethod is the interface that
represents a native instance method type declaration. |
| TypeNativeLong | The TypeNativeLong is the interface that represents a native
type declaration using a long type. |
| TypeNativeMethod | The TypeNativeMethod is the interface that represents a native
method type declaration. |
| TypeNativeObject | The TypeNativeObject is the interface that
represents a native type declaration of Object based classes:
"can be native" and native capable classes (predefined and user
defined). |
| TypeNativePointer | The TypeNativePointer is the interface that
represents a native type declaration of
NativePointer based classes
(predefined and user defined). |
| TypeNativePrimitive | The TypeNativePrimitive is the interface that represents a native
type declaration of a primitive data type (boolean, byte, char, short,
int, long, float, double). |
| TypeNativePrimitiveObject | The TypeNativePrimitiveObject is the interface that
represents a native type declaration of Java primitive wrappers
and related native wrappers like Boolean,
NativeBooleanObject ,
Character, NativeCharacterObject and so on. |
| TypeNativePrimitiveWrapper | The TypeNativePrimitiveWrapper is the interface that
represents a native type declaration of native wrappers of primitive types
(int is wrapped by NativeInteger etc). |
| TypeNativeStaticFieldMethod | The TypeNativeStaticFieldMethod is the interface that
represents a native static field-method type declaration. |
| TypeNativeStaticMethod | The TypeNativeStaticMethod is the interface that
represents a native static method type declaration. |
| TypeNativeString | The TypeNativeString is the interface that
represents a native type declaration of java.lang.String
and related wrapper classes. |
| TypeNativeStringAnsi | The TypeNativeStringAnsi is the interface that
represents a native type declaration of NativeStringAnsi. |
| TypeNativeStringBased | The TypeNativeStringBased is the interface that
represents a native type declaration of java.lang.String or
java.lang.StringBuffer and related wrapper classes. |
| TypeNativeStringBuffer | The TypeNativeStringBuffer is the interface that
represents a native type declaration of java.lang.StringBuffer
and related wrapper classes. |
| TypeNativeStringBufferAnsi | The TypeNativeStringBufferAnsi is the interface that
represents a native type declaration of NativeStringBufferAnsi. |
| TypeNativeStringBufferUnicode | The TypeNativeStringBufferUnicode is the interface that
represents a native type declaration of NativeStringBufferUnicode. |
| TypeNativeStringUnicode | The TypeNativeStringUnicode is the interface that
represents a native type declaration of NativeStringUnicode. |
| UnionDescriptor | The UnionDescriptor interface describes a user defined
Java class defined as a union. |
| VarTypeNative | The native variable type is the interface that represents a native declaration of a field member of a native structure/class/union or a formal parameter of a method. |
Provides utility interfaces to declare native types.
|
||||||||||
| PREV PACKAGE NEXT PACKAGE | FRAMES NO FRAMES |


Flight: {{flightLive.flightData.operatingAirline.name}} {{flightLive.flightData.flightNumber.airlineCode}} {{flightLive.flightData.flightNumber.trackNumber}}
{{flightLive.flightData | json}}
Created by {{flight.updaterId}}, {{ flight.timestamp | amTimeAgo}} Updated by {{flight.updaterId}}, {{ flight.timestamp | amTimeAgo}}
{{flight.flightData | json }}


Front-End Architecture
By iCareer Climber Team on 6 July 2018
[1] UI Layer
The UI layer has three components: A grid layout is created using Bootstrap, User interaction logic and state is maintained using React JS; and D3.js is used for visualization. The JavaScript libraries are sourced directly from cdn, while the Ajax style communication between the UI and the frontend web server is facilitated by Axios JS library. To simplify design, user input is passed to frontend server via http extension header instead of the traditional http form POST method. Given the nature of user submission, where resume is rarely bigger than 16kB, such design is sufficient for practical purposes.
[2] Frontend Server
The frontend server is implemented with Python Flask, packaged as a Docker container, and deployed to Google Cloud with Kubernetes. The server is mostly stateless except the current active http transactions. The server and the UI layer is loosely coupled with RestAPI. The server’s major responsibility is to translate data formats between the UI layer and backend server, that is, between key-value pair in http header to json that is required by backend server.
[3] Interface to Backend Server
The communication between frontend and backend is also through RestAPI, and backend service discovery is made simple by Kubernetes deployment tool.
[4] Lessons Learned
Integrating multiple JavaScript libraries (and different versions of each) is difficult. Modular design from the beginning is mandatory for non-trivial JavaScript app. UX testing needs to be done early and often.
[5] Next Steps
- Add an upload link to upload resume and parse contents
- Refactor spaghetti code
- Making user interaction more friendly, maybe using a chatbot


You can check for custom events in the console.
You can see the tutorial
here
.
The example code can be slower than your environment because the code is transpiled by babel-standalone in runtime.


Contact US!
Home
About Us
Networking Events
Careers
Green Energy Suppliers
Contact Us
SmarTowNetwork
First Name
Last Name
E-Mail
City
State
AK
AL
AR
AZ
CA
CO
CT
DC
DE
FL
GA
HI
IA
ID
IL
IN
KS
KY
LA
MA
MD
ME
MI
MN
MO
MS
MT
NC
ND
NE
NH
NJ
NM
NV
NY
OH
OK
OR
PA
RI
SC
SD
TN
TX
UT
VA
VT
WA
WI
WV
WY
I've read the terms and conditions
Submit


The Costanza Wallet. Runs in a browser and connects to a downstream wallet provider. Also provides an upstream socket connection to an app.
Source code and docs here.
A basic Application for Moving Money between two Moneysocket provider connections.
Source code here.
Beacon Encode/Decode Utility
Source code here.
An example of Moneysocket protocol extension in the form of a demo of a Buyer and a Seller that can connect and exchange money for specific digital goods of their own defintion.
Source code here.


StackTach started as a tool for debugging OpenStack Nova deployments. Before we started on StackTach.v3 (a complete rewrite), we had plans to integrate with Ceilometer. This presentation from the Hong Kong summit gives a good overview of how StackTach has evolved over the years. It also gives great detail on the usage verification process as well as some of the key architectural concepts behind version 3.
An early screencast of the components of StackTach.v3 ... some things have changed since. Oahu has now been replaced with Winchester and all the repos have been moved to StackForge.
An early screencast of the StackTach.v3 Sandbox. Shows how to launch the sandbox for local dev and how to navigate the various components. This video was done before packaging was added and before Winchester support was added. The Oahu config file is no longer required as we now use Winchester.
In order to play with StackTach.v3 you need a good source of notifications. To make this easier we don't want to require you stand up a full OpenStack environment. Instead, we use Notigen to simulate Nova-like notifications and publish these to RabbitMQ. This video explains how this works.
How we separate the REST API from the implementation within StackTach.v3. If you decide you want to implement your own steam engine, but stay compatible with the StackTach.v3 API, these libraries make it easy to do so.
An early video of the Klugman cmdline tool and client library. A newer video is required to reflect the most recent changes, but this will get you started.
Our joint-presentation with the Monasca team at the Paris OpenStack summit.


Creates and runs Bayesian mixing models to analyze biological tracer data (i.e. stable isotopes, fatty acids), which estimate the proportions of source (prey) contributions to a mixture (consumer). 'MixSIAR' is not one model, but a framework that allows a user to create a mixing model based on their data structure and research questions, via options for fixed/ random effects, source data types, priors, and error terms. 'MixSIAR' incorporates several years of advances since 'MixSIR' and 'SIAR', and includes both GUI (graphical user interface) and script versions.
| Version: | 3.1.10 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 3.4.0) |
| Imports: | ggplot2 (≥ 2.2.1), rjags (≥ 4-6), R2jags (≥ 0.5-7), MASS (≥ 7.3), RColorBrewer (≥ 1.1), reshape (≥ 0.8.7), reshape2 (≥ 1.4.3), lattice (≥ 0.20-35), MCMCpack (≥ 1.4-2), ggmcmc (≥ 1.1), coda (≥ 0.19-1), loo (≥ 2.0.0), bayesplot (≥ 1.4.0) |
| Suggests: | gWidgets (≥ 0.0-54), gWidgetsRGtk2 (≥ 0.0-86), splancs (≥ 2.01-40), knitr, rmarkdown, testthat |
| Published: | 2018-04-13 |
| Author: | Brian Stock [cre, aut], Brice Semmens [aut], Eric Ward [ctb], Andrew Parnell [ctb], Andrew Jackson [ctb], Donald Phillips [ctb] |
| Maintainer: | Brian Stock <b1stock at ucsd.edu> |
| BugReports: | https://github.com/brianstock/MixSIAR/issues |
| License: | GPL-3 |
| URL: | https://github.com/brianstock/MixSIAR |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| SystemRequirements: | JAGS (>= 4.1) for the script version, both JAGS and GTK+ for the GUI version. For install instructions, see README file. |
| Citation: | MixSIAR citation info |
| Materials: | README NEWS |
| CRAN checks: | MixSIAR results |
| Reference manual: | MixSIAR.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
MixSIAR Script Example (Cladocera) MixSIAR Script Example (Geese) MixSIAR Script Example (Isopod) MixSIAR Script Example (Killer Whale) MixSIAR Script Example (Lake) MixSIAR Script Example (Wolves) |
| Package source: | MixSIAR_3.1.10.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: MixSIAR_3.1.10.zip, r-release: MixSIAR_3.1.10.zip, r-oldrel: MixSIAR_3.1.10.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: MixSIAR_3.1.10.tgz, r-oldrel: not available |
| Old sources: | MixSIAR archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=MixSIAR to link to this page.


This is an .mld
file. It doesn't have an auto-generated
title, like modules and other pages generated fully by odoc do.
It will have a TOC generated from section headings.
This is a section.
Another paragraph in section.
This is another section.
Another paragraph in section 2.
This is a subsection.
Another paragraph in subsection.
Yet another paragraph in subsection.
This is another subsection.
Another paragraph in subsection 2.
Yet another paragraph in subsection 2.


4.5/
Main Idea
- What?
- Why?


This Afternoon
A chance of snow and a chance of sleet. Cloudy, with a high near 30. Wind chill values as low as 20. Northeast wind around 9 mph. Chance of precipitation is 40%.
Tonight
Sleet likely and freezing rain likely. Cloudy. Low around 26, with temperatures rising to around 30 overnight. Wind chill values as low as 19. Northeast wind around 10 mph. Chance of precipitation is 60%. New snow accumulation of less than half an inch possible. Little or no ice accumulation expected.
Sunday
Chance Freezing Rain then Cloudy


Contact Us @<PHONE_NUMBER>
We help with jobs upon graduation
The hairstyling and aesthetics industry is exponentially growing. Excellent career opportunities await those who have the aspirations of becoming successful professionals. However, the success of your career strongly depends on the training and instruction methods provided in preparing you for an exciting and challenging future. The hairstyling industry has come a long way as it is growing and seeking highly skilled professionals who practice a more holistic approach towards health, beauty and wellness. From being a salon owner to expressing your creativity as a hair stylist for runway models – sky’s the limit.
At A-One we offer the best, skilled industry professionals who are enthusiastic about trends and our exciting industry to teach and inspire our wonderful students. A Diploma from A-One will open the doors to a bright and successful career in numerous professions such as Salon Aesthetician, Home Business offering Aesthetic Services, Hair Product Consultant, Hair Stylist and many more.
We also pride ourselves on our energetic and creative teams of positive employees, who share our vision and passion for hair and esthetics. A-One offers exciting career opportunities at our Brampton location. Check back for future postings!
Interested, or want to learn more? Contact us at:
Copyright © A-One Hair & Aesthetics 2016


Reasons
Part of the principle of Lean Startup is to measure how customers respond, and we believe little changes can lead to big improvements. Hence the team has decided to use Google Content Experiments to gather data related to the customer response.
Steps
The first AB test implemented on BMJ Learning was a trivial test to find out whether minor changes to our homepage would attract more registrations.
Hypothesis:
Homepage with different colour button will have a higher conversion rate than a homepage page with the same blue colour button.
Success Metric:
Conversion rate as measured by the number of button click over the number of visits to each page.
Volume and Statistical Significance:
Test run for 38 days and accumulated 21,540 experiment sessions to the three pages.
Test Group and Split:
We set Google Content Experiments to distribute traffic evenly across the three variants of the homepage.
Randomization:
Google Content Experiments was used to run the test and make sure that the traffic driven to these pages was randomly distributed between the three test pages.
Winner
The winner of first AB test was the second version with a conversion rate of 4.55% compare to the original and the third version. This shows that the more obvious registration button will attract more attention.
The second AB test implemented on BMJ Learning was a test to find out if users prefer the registration journey on a single page.
Hypothesis:
One page registration journey will have a higher conversion rate compare to multiple pages.
Success Metric:
Conversion rate as measured by the number of users that completed the registration journey.
Volume and Statistical Significance:
Test run for 15 days and accumulated 20,059 experiment sessions to the two pages.
Test Group and Split:
We set Google Content Experiments to distribute traffic evenly across the two variants.
Randomization:
Google Content Experiments was used to run the test and make sure that the traffic driven to these pages was randomly distributed between the two test pages.
Winner
The winner of second AB test was the second version with a conversion rate of 6.34% compare to the original that only has 1.96%. This shows that a simple sign-up form attracts significantly more users than a more complex version.
Lessons learned
When there is no substantial data to back up certain changes and there isn’t enough market research to support a new feature, AB testing is a great way to find out the best solution for the customers instead of just relying on gut feelings or a figure plucked from the air.


reuseChoice:
currentEventChoice:
Mark as Re-use
Mark as Current Event
Next
Reset
Change Mode
Save Progress to CSV


class: center, middle, inverse # Crosstalk
### Shiny-like without Shiny .image-30[![](img/earl_logo_light.png)] ### Matt Dray | Dept for Education | #earlconf ??? Matt Dray, Data Science, DfE, ACQ; soon GDS. I'm being provactive with the title. Shiny is a popular topic at EARL and it solves lots of business problems. But what if you don't have the infrastructure or skills? I'm going to talk through one option -- the `crosstalk` package -- that you may not be aware of. First, hands up if you've: * used Shiny * heard of Crosstalk * used Crosstalk --- class: center, middle # TL;DR* Need to create a small interactive app without a server or Shiny? Try the [`crosstalk`](http://rstudio.github.io/crosstalk/) package. .footnote[ *Too long; didn't read ] ??? I'm starting with a spoiler alert. If you're already bored, then just note down this TL;DR. You can go to sleep now. --- class: center, middle # Am I talking about a real policy? Nope, sorry. Schools in this example were chosen randomly. ??? DfE has lots of high-priority policies. The content of this talk does not reflect or constitute any official government policy. Today I'm using randomly-selected schools and published data. --- class: center, middle # The ask Visualise school locations to help make a policy decision ??? Our users sometimes external, often internal -- i.e. policymakers. Show points on a map, basically. DfE has many area-based policies and does this a lot. Static maps are produced for this typically. Opportunity: produce something interactive. User needs: * Shareable: how can I make it interactive *and* shareable? * Cheap: how can I make most of the resources I have? (i.e. not ArcMap) * Quick: this was a last-minute ask * Reusable: if successful, we should be able to use it again I iterated over four steps to produce something that my users wanted. New requirements emerged with each iteration. -- Shareable -- Cheap -- Quick -- Reusable --- class: inverse, center, middle # Solution 1 [`leaflet`](https://rstudio.github.io/leaflet/) interactive map ??? R isn't zero-indexed, so we'll start with *Solution 1* rather than *Solution 0* (pause for thunderous laughter). The first solution was to use the go-to interactive map package for R: `leaflet`. `leaflet` is an *HTML widget*. It wraps the Leaflet JavaScript visualisation library into R code. Find out about other widgets at [htmlwidgets.org](https://www.htmlwidgets.org/). --- class: center, middle .image-100[![](img/solution1-1.PNG)] Demo available [here](https://matt-dray.github.io/earl18-crosstalk/01_leaflet.html) ??? This is a simple example. Each point is a school. You can do basic stuff like conditionally change the colour or style of markers. The output here is HTML, so can be shared easily as a file via email and opened with the user's browser. I've also hosted each of the examples in this presentation via GitHub. See the address bar or click the link. --- class: center, middle .image-100[![](img/solution1-2.PNG)] Demo available [here](https://matt-dray.github.io/earl18-crosstalk/01_leaflet.html) ??? Our users were used to things like Google Maps, so Leaflet was intuitive. Pan, zoom, select markers to show pop-ups. You can add things like measuring tools, which is the function provided by the button in the top right. --- class: center, middle # Solution 1 .pull-left[
interactive intuitive ] -- .pull-right[
documentation ] --- class: inverse, center, middle # Solution 2 [`leaflet`](https://rstudio.github.io/leaflet/) interactive map in a [`flexdashboard`](https://rmarkdown.rstudio.com/flexdashboard/) ??? The `flexdashboard` package allows you to build business dashboards using R Markdown. We can repurpose it to create a scaffold to hold visualisations, commentary, etc. You can just embed into a plain R Markdown document, of course. --- class: center, middle .image-100[![](img/solution2.PNG)] Demo available [here](https://matt-dray.github.io/earl18-crosstalk/02_leaflet-flexdash.html) ??? So now we have space to put documentation for users (how to, purpose, contact info, etc). I've also added a source code button in the upper right for fellow analysts to see and adapt the code. --- class: center, middle # Solution 2 .pull-left[
documentation self-service ] ??? 'Self-service' meaning that we don't need to be in the room while users explore the data themselves. -- .pull-right[
tabular data searchable ] ??? Users were pleased but still had some issues. How can we add more info into the pop-ups without overloading? Maybe some kind of table. How can they search for specific schools? --- class: inverse, center, middle # Solution 3 [`leaflet`](https://rstudio.github.io/leaflet/) interactive map in a [`flexdashboard`](https://rmarkdown.rstudio.com/flexdashboard/) with a [`DT`](https://rstudio.github.io/DT/) interactive table ??? `DT` is another HTML widget. It allows you to create interactive tables with its `datatable()` function. --- class: center, middle .image-100[![](img/solution3-1.PNG)] Demo available [here](https://matt-dray.github.io/earl18-crosstalk/03_leaflet-flexdash-dt.html) ??? I adapted the Flexdashboard layout to hold the datatable in the lower-left. But what makes this different from a regular non-interactive table? --- class: center, middle .image-100[![](img/solution3-2.PNG)] Demo available [here](https://matt-dray.github.io/earl18-crosstalk/03_leaflet-flexdash-dt.html) ??? The main addition is built-in search and filter boxes. Here I've filtered for school names containing the string 'st john'. You can filter any of the columns in the table, or use the search box. See how the number of rows is smaller? --- class: center, middle # Solution 3 .pull-left[
tabular data searchable ] -- .pull-right[
download option linked table and map ] ??? Great, but the users wanted to be able to export the filtered information rather than copy-pasting. Also why doesn't filtering update the map too? That would be much more useful. --- class: inverse, center, middle # What now? ??? Do we have to resort to Shiny now? But this is problematic: we didn't have infrastructure to serve Shiny apps. Also we'd have to rewrite the code. And Shiny code is less intuitive for other analysts in my team versus the simplicity of R Markdown and HTML widgets. --- class: center, middle # Current model .image-100[![](img/model-without.png)] ??? Data feeds into map. Data feeds into datatable. Updating one HTML widget doesn't update the other. --- class: center, middle # Ideal model .image-100[![](img/model-with.png)] ??? What if the widgets could be linked through a *shared* data object rather than relying on their own 'copies' of the data? --- class: center, middle # Ideal model .image-100[![](img/model-with-filter.png)] ??? Of course, some bonus filtering options would be great: dropdowns, checkboxes and sliders maybe. So it's like we want the widgets to *talk across* the divide -- to *crosstalk* if you will. Well, guess what? --- # Crosstalk by Joe Cheng .pull-left[ ![Joe Cheng](https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/129551?s=400&v=4) ] .pull-right[ You can make: > static HTML documents that do not require Shiny or any kind of server support and yet they can have interactivity between widgets ] ??? This ideal model already exists! --- # A small code change #### Before ```r data <- readRDS("data/some_data.RDS") # get data datatable(data) # interactive table leaflet(data) %>% addTiles() %>% addMarkers() # map ``` ??? * Before: non-linked. * After: one line of code is all you need. Keeping it simple: the data should be dataframe and have some kind of *key* (row number is okay). You can have multiple *groups* of shared data. This is the only slide with code. I don't want to get into the technical details here. You can look these up on the Crosstalk guidance linked at the end. -- #### After ```r data <- readRDS("data/some_data.RDS") *shared <- SharedData$new(data) datatable(shared) leaflet(shared) %>% addTiles() %>% addMarkers() ``` --- class: center, middle #
Limitations
HTML widgets must be [made Crosstalk-compatible](http://rstudio.github.io/crosstalk/widgets.html) Aggregate and summary views not yet available You can't use 'large' datasets ??? The title of the talk says *Shiny-like*. Crosstalk is useful in a narrow set of cases. 1. There's [guidance for the tweak](http://rstudio.github.io/crosstalk/authoring.html). `leaflet`, `DT`, `plotly` are fine for 95% of our purposes. 2. Right now only linked brushing and filtering of views that show individual data points, not aggregate or summary views. 3. Depenedent on browser limitations. Having said that: > You can use Crosstalk and Shiny together, and when you do so, you broaden the capabilities of Crosstalk by allowing your brushing and filtering to drive arbitrary calculations and Shiny outputs (and vice versa). So Crosstalk is Shiny-like without Shiny. But it can also be also Shiny-like *with* Shiny. --- class: inverse, center, middle # Okay, Solution 4 [`leaflet`](https://rstudio.github.io/leaflet/) interactive map in a [`flexdashboard`](https://rmarkdown.rstudio.com/flexdashboard/) with a [`DT`](https://rstudio.github.io/DT/) interactive table linked with [`crosstalk`](https://rstudio.github.io/crosstalk/) --- class: center, middle .image-100[![](img/solution4-1.PNG)] Demo available [here](https://matt-dray.github.io/earl18-crosstalk/04_leaflet-flexdash-dt-crosstalk.html) ??? Filters (dropdown, checkboxes, sliders), datatable (bonus buttons to download and select visible columns), map. --- class: center, middle .image-100[![](img/solution4-2.PNG)] Demo available [here](https://matt-dray.github.io/earl18-crosstalk/04_leaflet-flexdash-dt-crosstalk.html) ??? See how using the filters affect the table and the map? --- class: center, middle .image-100[![](img/solution4-3.PNG)] Demo available [here](https://matt-dray.github.io/earl18-crosstalk/04_leaflet-flexdash-dt-crosstalk.html) ??? You can even click a row in the datatable to highlight it on the map. See how the others are made more transparent. --- class: center, middle .image-100[![](img/solution4-4.PNG)] Demo available [here](https://matt-dray.github.io/earl18-crosstalk/04_leaflet-flexdash-dt-crosstalk.html) ??? You can filter the table to filter the map and vice versa. You can use 'linked brushing' to select from the map and filter the datatable. Select the button underneath the zoom options and a square appears that you can resize and drag over points of interest. --- class: center, middle .image-100[![](img/solution4-5.PNG)] Demo available [here](https://matt-dray.github.io/earl18-crosstalk/04_leaflet-flexdash-dt-crosstalk.html) ??? Where's the documentation? Moved to a separate tab. --- class: center, middle # Solution 4
map and table linked data filtering and brushing downloads --- class: center, middle # The ask Visualise school locations to help make a policy decision
??? * Shareable: HTML attached to an email * Cheap: R is free, resource was minimal in terms of analyst time * Quick: iterated rapidly through each stage with little code required overall (<250 lines) * Reusable: little code, code available within app, 'plug and play' shared data -- Shareable
-- Cheap
-- Quick
-- Reusable
--- class: center, middle # Impact .pull-left[ > the maps have been added to a submission for the minister
 > policy and the external stakeholders have been extremely impressed
 > due to the positive feedback we are now using the same process for [another policy] ] .pull-right[

] --- class: center, middle # TL;DR Need to create a small interactive app without a server or Shiny? Try the [`crosstalk`](http://rstudio.github.io/crosstalk/) package. ??? You can use it for quick mock-ups too. --- # Resources .pull-left[ #### This presentation [Hosted online](https://matt-dray.github.io/earl18-presentation/) [GitHub repo](https://github.com/matt-dray/earl18-presentation) Made with Yihui Xie's [Xaringan package](https://bookdown.org/yihui/rmarkdown/xaringan.html) #### Demos Solutions [1](https://matt-dray.github.io/earl18-crosstalk/01_leaflet.html), [2](https://matt-dray.github.io/earl18-crosstalk/02_leaflet-flexdash.html), [3](https://matt-dray.github.io/earl18-crosstalk/03_leaflet-flexdash-dt.html) and [4](https://matt-dray.github.io/earl18-crosstalk/04_leaflet-flexdash-dt-crosstalk.html) [GitHub repo](https://github.com/matt-dray/earl18-crosstalk) ] .pull-right[ #### Crosstalk docs [Site](https://rstudio.github.io/crosstalk/) and [GitHub repo](https://github.com/rstudio/crosstalk) CRAN [manual](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/crosstalk/crosstalk.pdf) and [details](https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=crosstalk) Talk at [rstudio::conf 2017](https://www.rstudio.com/resources/videos/linking-html-widgets-with-crosstalk/) #### Examples [Gapminder example](http://rstudio-pubs-static.s3.amazonaws.com/209203_02f14fea3274448bbbf8d04c99c6051b.html) Demo [without](https://rpubs.com/jcheng/dash1) and [with](https://rpubs.com/jcheng/dash2) Crosstalk ] --- class: inverse, center, middle # Matt Dray
[mwdray<EMAIL_ADDRESS>(personal)
[rostrum.blog](https://rostrum.blog) |
[twitter.com/mattdray](https://www.twitter.com/mattdray) |
[github.com/matt-dray](https://www.github.com/matt-dray) --- class: inverse, center, middle #
BONUS MEMES
[rostrum.blog/2018/09/12/crosstalk-memes](https://www.rostrum.blog/2018/09/12/crosstalk-memes/) --- class: center, middle ![](memes/scroll-of-truth.jpg) --- class: center, middle ![](memes/is-this.jpg) --- class: center, middle .pull-left[ ![](memes/american-chopper-argument-left.jpg) ] .pull-right[ ![](memes/american-chopper-argument-right.jpg) ] --- class: center, middle ![](memes/trump.jpg) --- class: center, middle .pull-left[ ![](memes/trace-cat-left.jpg)

 ] .pull-right[

 ![](memes/trace-cat-right.jpg) ] --- class: center, middle ![](memes/bad-boy.jpg) --- class: center, middle ![](memes/swerve.jpg) --- class: center, middle ![](memes/arms.jpg)


@(membership: com.bryzek.apidoc.api.v0.models.Membership)
@membership.user.name<EMAIL_ADDRESS>has joined @membership.organization.name as @membership.role.
View all members


{% extends "speakers/base.html" %} {% load uni_form_tags %} {% block body %} {% if not request.user.is_authenticated %} {% if login_form %}
- or -
{% endif %}You've been attached as an additional speaker to a talk proposal for PyCon 2011. Create yourself an account and speaker profile by filling out the form below. You will be able to see the proposal(s) you've been invited to once signed up.
{% else %}You were attached as an additional speaker to a talk proposal for PyCon 2011, but have not created a speaker profile. Create your speaker profile below.
{% endif %} {% endblock %}


cat in my lap
paws across my wrist
heavy
she doesn't seem to mind the dance that is me typing
sunlight streams
across the floor
up the walls
makes the plies of books
look sculptural
birds singing
outside my house
quietly
adding their music
to the day
leaves larger
more green
puffs of tender membrane
umbrella out
stretch to the sun


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113488-general/topic/incorrect.20alignment.20of.20red.20error.20line.20in.20VS.20Code.html ---
--TODO -- ask on Zulip variable {A : Type} def V (P : A) : A := P -- (correct) error on underscore (Lean reports 8:26: error) example (P : A) : V P = V _ := sorry def 𝕍 (P : A) : A := P -- the error is at the underscore but (for me) the red underline is under the 𝕍 -- (Lean reports 14:26: error) example (P : A) : V P = 𝕍 _ := sorry
Using 𝕍
instead of V
seems to confuse VS Code into putting the red wiggly error line in the wrong place. Can anything be done about this? Did I just mess up somehow?
I guess this is some unicode-confusion... :sad:
The reason is that 𝕍 is one Unicode codepoint (how Lean counts) but two UTF-16 characters (how vscode counts).
Can we use this to prove false?
Uuuh, no?
It only affects the error squiggles (they can be appear in the wrong column).
Lean is absolutely not confused. Only VScode is.
Can this be "fixed" or is it not broken?
We could theoretically adjust the column of the error messages in the vscode extension. PRs are welcome!
I have a file where I have 100 occurrences of 𝕍
. How come VS Code is not putting the red error messages 100 characters from where they should be?
Or maybe it is and I am just so great at avoiding errors that I never noticed?
The line number is unaffected. It only matters if you're right of a 𝕍 on the same line.
gotcha
Doesn't this mean that I can get VS Code to have an error in a place where there isn't a character?
aah no it goes the wrong way
Well, it could be under some whitespace, I guess
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


In the near future, a weary Logan cares for an ailing Professor X in a hideout on the Mexican border. But Logan's attempts to hide from the world and his legacy are upended when a young mutant arrives, pursued by dark forces.
Gru and his wife Lucy must stop former '80s child star Balthazar Bratt from achieving world domination.


The ethics of telco fraud
Slides & Questions » tinyurl.com/jbsddz3y
Find link to my slides and all the links / references I'm mentioning in google doc. Also drop your questions in here!
Lineup
Deconstruct your proxy
Explicit data design
Assume good faith
Failure-first design
Four primary findings I'll walk you through. These apply to any kind of automation or decision system. Not telco or fraud-specific, they apply to you!
Setting the scene
Starting early 2020, I embedded as an EthicsOps consultant in a small fraud detection team in a telco. ~1yr. 1 DS, 1 Ops, 1 PM, 1 Data Engineer, plus. Using a combo of internal tools and 3rd party payment gateway (ML) for fraud detection. Can't share specifics on features or thresholds. Looking primarily for international revenue sharing but also to a lesser extent service overuse and promotions abuse.
EthicsOps - think like DevOps or SecOps - tooling and process to support ethics. Or like SREs - building for resiliancy but with an awareness never 100% up time - it's never 'done' or 100% perfect.
A balancing act
Fraud is an interesting space in which to discuss ethics. Not only are you (the company) capable of inflicting harm on your customers, you are also under attack by a sub-set of customers who mean you harm. You have to balance the real, often urgent concerns of identifying bad behaviour & halting costs while also acknowledging the possibility of false positives, and considering how you might identify and support any innocent parties who accidentally get caught in the cross-fire. It's a war of attrition - like email spam.
Developing a healthy cynicism about data sources
When we start to feel really comfortable is usually when we discover something can be totally different than our expected interpretation.
Data (interpretation) pride comes before a fall
Anecdote #1: The textivist... (NB Marketing use - overseas texting is EXPENSIVE and outside of most terms of use for personal plans).
Finding #1
Deconstruct your proxy
All data is a proxy - it's an approximation of the thing we actually want to measure. (time allowing - Apple CC example).
Like a reverse persona. Working backwards from the data. It helps us be explicit about the logic leaps we are making. Always asking the question how good a proxy is this data for the thing I REALLY want to know? Don't forget we also measure anti-signals.
Finding #2
Explicit data design
Let's make a distinction between exploratory data science, and load bearing outputs.
Data misinterpretation is easy , and likely under pressure
One of the most interesting things about working with fraud is the pressure it puts on data interpretation in periods of attack. Like putting data science hygiene through the wringer - in unexpected bursts.
 Fixed delay in timeframe from data ingest > running feature > alert in slack - got us every time! | Wherever possible, add labels. Be explicit. Make it impossible to misinterpret. Just because your team is smart, technical, doesn't mean you want them to have to be brilliant detectives under time and cost pressure.
Pointers for data interpretation
Avoid DSL (domain specific language)
Add units
Support percentiles with absolute (total count)
Make the data recency clear
Finding #3
Assume good faith
A common problem whenever you work with bad actors is to become suspicious, and to start seeing malfeasance everywhere. No need to suspect bad intentions when laziness or incompetance will do.
The antidote to suspicion
Setting the intention to be respectful
The best way to avoid falling into this trap is to be explicitly, deliberately kind and respectful in all our communications. Talking to end-users or customers, designing comms, and how we talk about them inside the team.
bUt wHAt iF iT's A BAd AcTor?
So what?
What is the cost of all outcomes? Being respectful to someone who is trying to rip you off vs speaking harshly to a legit customer by accident? Or disconnecting a bad actor (save $) vs a legit or differently abled customer (lose $). Also consider also reputational harms. Focus on your automation goal.
Keep the moralising out of it
Being 'right' isn't helpful. You don't know that person, you don't know their story.
Tip
Describe behaviours , not people
Describe behaviour (service misuse) not people (fraudster). There's literally no value in applying a moralising title to a person. THere's every possibility of harm, on both sides, if you get it wrong.
👉 You can still set boundaries
Don't mistake my meaning for 'you should let people do whatever they want'. Being kind and calm does not imply letting people get away with bad behaviour or failing to set boundaries in your design.
Finding #4
Failure-first design
Starting from the assumption that the system will sometimes fail, and planning for it.
"Assuming perfect knowledge of the objective decouples the machine from the human: what the human does no longer matters, because the machine knows the goal and pursues it."
-Stuart Russell, Human Compatible
No perfect, bug-free software. Add in data, stochastic universe - more uncertainty. Designing objectives or incentives for ML systems - further complexity. So let's start from the pragmatic view: that our system will fail, and we need to find out when they do.
Designing an escape hatch
Like designing an escape hatch, or adding life boats. You don't want to have to use it, but if you need it you sure hope it's there. Anecdote #3 - finding out about a service mistaken disconnected... from the ombudsman.
Feedback loops must be
Intuitive
Contextual
Timely
I'm a fan of micro-feedback, small and contextual questions that are really lightweight and easy to answer.
Integrate into UI
Confirm your classifications
Collaborative security
Calling back to previous section - don't assume fraud if phishing will do
Just ask
Think the interaction through
Plan for customer support
Capture your learnings
Product/model improvements
Prepare for pushback
People don't like it when you make bad assumptions about them!
Making the implicit explict is going to be uncomfortable
This kind of work can throw up lots of challenges - differences in mental models between what people think they're buying and what you think you're selling. We did some experiments sending comms to provide clearer feedback to people whose service came under suspicion, and allow for them to request support if they think there has been a mistake. We got a LOT of pushback. Some very angry customers.
Findings
Deconstruct your proxy
Explicit data design
Assume good faith
Failure-first design
Let's take a moment to remember these findings we talked through.
— Gif by Barbara Pozzi
A metaphor: sailing in a big cruise liner. When you're below decks, it's quiet, safe, boring even. No sense of motion. When you go out on deck you see the speed, the mass of water displaced, etc... Sometimes we *want* to feel the wind rushing past. I think insulating ourselves from that sensation is unhelpful. We want to feel the wind in our hair, to have a little frisson of fear, not to be too comfortable.
The real game
Trying to catch fraud, yet not defraud ourselves
We have more in common with the fraudsters than we might think.
We are driven by the same incentives as the fraudsters - capitalism played out in light and dark markets. Our minds, our assumptions too, are fair game.
Coming soon...
Sweet Summer Child Score
Be a tester? Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Working on a tool which scans for harm to people and communiities by data driven systems, it will be FOSS. I'll be looking for testers to help me kick the tires soon, please reach out if you could help!


Group a series of buttons together on a single line with the button group. Add on optional JavaScript radio and checkbox style behavior with our buttons plugin.
Tooltips & popovers in button groups require special setting
When using tooltips or popovers on elements within a .btn-group, you'll have to specify the option container: 'body' to avoid unwanted side effects (such as the element growing wider and/or losing its rounded corners when the tooltip or popover is triggered).
Ensure correct role and provide a label
In order for assistive technologies – such as screen readers – to convey that a series of buttons is grouped, an appropriate role attribute needs to be provided. For button groups, this would be role="group", while toolbars should have a role="toolbar".
One exception are groups which only contain a single control (for instance the justified button groups with <button> elements) or a dropdown.
In addition, groups and toolbars should be given an explicit label, as most assistive technologies will otherwise not announce them, despite the presence of the correct role attribute. In the examples provided here, we use aria-label, but alternatives such as aria-labelledby can also be used.
Basic example
Wrap a series of buttons with .btn in .btn-group.
Button toolbar
Combine sets of
 into a
 for more complex components.
Sizing
Instead of applying button sizing classes to every button in a group, just add .btn-group-* to each .btn-group, including when nesting multiple groups.
Nesting
Place a .btn-group within another .btn-group when you want dropdown menus mixed with a series of buttons.
Avoid using <select> elements here as they cannot be fully styled in WebKit browsers.
Avoid using <textarea> elements here as their rows attribute will not be respected in some cases.
Tooltips & popovers in input groups require special setting
When using tooltips or popovers on elements within an .input-group, you'll have to specify the option container: 'body' to avoid unwanted side effects (such as the element growing wider and/or losing its rounded corners
when the tooltip or popover is triggered).
Don't mix with other components
Do not mix form groups or grid column classes directly with input groups. Instead, nest the input group inside of the form group or grid-related element.
Always add labels
Screen readers will have trouble with your forms if you don't include a label for every input. For these input groups, ensure that any additional label or functionality is conveyed to assistive technologies.
The exact technique to be used (visible  elements,  elements hidden using the .sr-only class, or use of the aria-label, aria-labelledby, aria-describedby,
title or placeholder attribute) and what additional information will need to be conveyed will vary depending on the exact type of interface widget you're implementing. The examples in this section provide a few suggested,
case-specific approaches.
Basic example
Place one add-on or button on either side of an input. You may also place one on both sides of an input.
We do not support multiple add-ons (.input-group-addon or .input-group-btn) on a single side.
We do not support multiple form-controls in a single input group.
Sizing
Add the relative form sizing classes to the .input-group itself and contents within will automatically resize—no need for repeating the form control size classes on each element.
Checkboxes and radio addons
Place any checkbox or radio option within an input group's addon instead of text.


Far away from the city traffic but still so close to civilization to make it your perfect holiday destination.
Check out what 1700 years of heritage looks like.
Ancient republic and the host to Game of Thrones. Definitely worthwhile the day trip.
If you are into outdoors, Omis is for you. From kayaking, rafting, canyoning to ziplines, climbing and mountain biking, this small town has it all.
A must see for Catholic pilgrims.
A perfect place for a picnic.
See if you dare to walk the glass skywalk over the abyss of Biokovo mountain.