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Southern California Edison’s Bill Chiu on how electric grids benefit the private sector
The state of California has ambitious goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which motivates various sectors to realign their efforts. The managing director of grid resilience at Southern California Edison (SCE), Bill Chiu, shares how he is driving an “existential transformation” for the electricity supply company by implementing a roadmap called the Clean Power and Electrification Pathway to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. He explores the need for grid modernization and the benefits distributed energy resources provide for private industries.


Eamon Dunphy, Liam Brady and John Giles to reunite for Premier Sports TV coverage
The trio will be fronting Premier Sport's coverage throughout December
by Donagh CorbyFormer RTÉ panellists Eamon Dunphy, Liam Brady and John Giles will reunite for Premier League coverage, starting next week.
The trio will be fronting Premier Sport's coverage throughout December, beginning on Tuesday evening for champions Manchester City’s visit to Burnley on Premier Sports 1.
The coverage will involve a number of simulcasts with Second Captains’ Eoin McDevitt fronting a second panel comprising of Kenny Cunningham and Chris Sutton.
Eamon Dunphy said "I'm delighted to be back with John and Liam, they're great lads.
"He's also a Manchester City fan so we will have a good bit of craic with him if Burnley beat them on Tuesday."
Premier Sports owner Michael O’Rourke added “Unlike the Premier League teams we’re getting our business done before January.
"We’re delighted to reunite Ireland’s most beloved and iconic football panel. We’re very much looking forward to Eamonn, John and Liam bringing their unrivalled expertise and colour to our subscribers.
“December will see Premier Sports coverage reach new heights and on St. Stephen's Day Premier Sports will be the go-to channel for football fans to watch all the action with four live games back to back and an additional five games available on Sky’s red button.”
Newstalk’s Ivan Yates will act as the Bill O'Herlihy of the colourful panel as he makes his football coverage debut.
It will be the first time since 2016 for the former Ireland internationals to share a screen following their exit from the national broadcaster after a combined 90 years of service.
The iconic ex-pros will also be contributing to the station’s other flagship game on Wednesday night in the Merseyside derby between Everton and Liverpool.
If you haven't already, be sure to like our Irish Mirror Sport and Irish Mirror GAA pages on Facebook and follow us on Twitter.
How to follow the Irish Mirror on social media
You can like our main Facebook page here.
Our Irish Mirror Sports page - which brings you all your Irish and UK sports news - can be found here.
You can also check out our Irish Mirror GAA sports page.
The Irish Mirror Twitter account is @IrishMirror while our sports account is @MirrorSportIE.
Our Instagram account can be found here.


http://www.susangranger.com/
Susan Granger's review of "AUTUMN IN NEW YORK" (M.G.M. Pictures)
When M.G.M. refused to screen this tear-jerking May-December romance for critics, it was an ominous sign because studios usually hide the star-laden stinkers, hoping to get at least one solid weekend before reviews come out. But it's not that bad. It's also not that good. Richard Gere plays a 48 year-old, hotshot Manhattan restaurateur with a reputation as a notorious womanizer and whose picture is on the cover of NEW YORK magazine. Winona Ryder is a giggly, free-spirited, Emily Dickinson-quoting, 22 year-old millinery designer who informs him, shortly after their affair begins, that she's suffering from an extremely rare and probably terminal tumor which affects her heart. So is it going to be the "Love Story" of the millennium year? Probably not. Heavy-handed screenwriter Allison Burnett is no Erich Segal. First of all, too much is made of the age difference. In fact, according to her cackling grandmother (Elaine Stritch), Gere even dated Ryder's late mother. Plus, he has an illegitimate daughter (Vera Farmiga) who is Ryder's age, and bartender (Anthony La Paglia) keeps warning him. Even Ryder bluntly quips, "You've got to look on the bright side. In a year or so, I'll be this sob story you can use to bag more chicks." Then there's the soggy dialogue: "We have no future. All I have to offer you is this - until it's over" and "What should we do with this moment we're in?" On the other hand, director Joan Chen and cinematographer Changwei Gu create such intoxicatingly beautiful visuals that you forget they're cliche-ridden - like the closer you come to dying, the more luminous and beautiful you become. On the Granger Movie Gauge of 1 to 10, "Autumn in New York" is a sentimental, predictable, melodramatic 4, but this glossy, two-hankie weeper at least deserved to find its niche.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


|
BTK
0.3dev.0
Open-source library to visualize/process biomechanical data
|
Compute kinematic angles using the joint coordinate system (JCS) proposed by Grood & Suntay (1983) as well as global angles. More...
Public Types | |
| typedef SharedPtr< const ModelJCSKinematicFilter > | ConstPointer |
| typedef SharedPtr < ModelJCSKinematicFilter > | Pointer |
| Public Types inherited from btk::ProcessObject | |
| typedef SharedPtr< const ProcessObject > | ConstPointer |
| typedef SharedPtr< ProcessObject > | Pointer |
| Public Types inherited from btk::Object | |
| typedef SharedPtr< const Object > | ConstPointer |
| typedef SharedPtr< Object > | Pointer |
Public Member Functions | |
| BTK_MODELS_EXPORT void | ClearSequences () |
| bool | GetCalculateTranslations () const |
| bool | GetFinalizeAngles () const |
| Model::Pointer | GetInput () |
| std::string | GetInputDisplacementInR0 () |
| Acquisition::Pointer | GetOutput () |
|
BTK_MODELS_EXPORT const RotationSequence | GetRotationSequence (const std::string &label) const |
| BTK_MODELS_EXPORT const RotationSequence | GetRotationSequence (int idx) const |
| bool | GetUseSequencesFromConfigurator () const |
| BTK_MODELS_EXPORT void | SetCalculateTranslations (bool enable) |
| BTK_MODELS_EXPORT void | SetFinalizeAngles (bool enable) |
| void | SetInput (Model::Pointer input) |
| void | SetInputDisplacementInR0 (const std::string displacement) |
| BTK_MODELS_EXPORT void | SetRotationSequence (const std::string &label, const RotationSequence &axes) |
| BTK_MODELS_EXPORT void | SetRotationSequence (int idx, const RotationSequence &axes) |
| BTK_MODELS_EXPORT void | SetRotationSequence (const std::string &label, RotationSequence::Axis e0, RotationSequence::Axis e1, RotationSequence::Axis e2) |
| BTK_MODELS_EXPORT void | SetRotationSequence (int idx, RotationSequence::Axis e0, RotationSequence::Axis e1, RotationSequence::Axis e2) |
| BTK_MODELS_EXPORT void | SetUseSequencesFromConfigurator (bool enable) |
| Public Member Functions inherited from btk::ProcessObject | |
| int | GetInputNumber () const |
| int | GetOutputNumber () const |
| int | GetValidInputNumber () const |
| void | ResetState () |
| void | Update () |
| Public Member Functions inherited from btk::Object | |
| unsigned long int | GetTimestamp () const |
Static Public Member Functions | |
| static Pointer | New () |
Protected Member Functions | |
| virtual BTK_MODELS_EXPORT void | GenerateData () |
| Acquisition::Pointer | GetOutput (int idx) |
| virtual BTK_MODELS_EXPORT DataObject::Pointer | MakeOutput (int idx) |
| BTK_MODELS_EXPORT | ModelJCSKinematicFilter () |
| Protected Member Functions inherited from btk::ProcessObject | |
| int | GetInputIndex (DataObject::Pointer input) |
| DataObject::Pointer | GetNthInput (int idx) |
| DataObject::ConstPointer | GetNthInput (int idx) const |
| DataObject::Pointer | GetNthOutput (int idx) |
| DataObject::ConstPointer | GetNthOutput (int idx) const |
| int | GetOutputIndex (DataObject::Pointer output) |
| bool | IsModified () const |
| void | Modified () |
| ProcessObject () | |
| void | SetInputNumber (int num) |
| virtual void | SetNthInput (int idx, DataObject::Pointer input) |
| virtual void | SetNthOutput (int idx, DataObject::Pointer output) |
| void | SetOutputNumber (int num) |
| virtual | ~ProcessObject () |
| Protected Member Functions inherited from btk::Object | |
| Object () | |
| Object (const Object &toCopy) | |
| virtual | ~Object () |
Additional Inherited Members | |
| Protected Attributes inherited from btk::Object | |
| unsigned long int | m_Timestamp |
Compute kinematic angles using the joint coordinate system (JCS) proposed by Grood & Suntay (1983) as well as global angles.
This filter gives you the possibility to choose the axes sequence for each joint. For this, you have to use the method SetRotationSequence(). For example:
The default sequence is Z-X'-Y'', then you don't have to set the sequence for each joint (if you want to calculate the kinematic with the sequence is Z-X'-Y'').
Moreover, even, if it is advised to give a unique label for each joint, you can append the same joint many times and look differences in the kinematics when choosing different sequences. For example:
As presented previously in the code, you can set the sequence by using the joint's label or its index in the model. If more than one joint use the same label, then all these joints will use the given sequence. Sequences given by index have priority on sequences given by label. Then if you give for the same joint a sequence by using the joint's label and the join't index used in the model, the final selected sequence will be the second.
If the model has the option 'btk::CompatibleVicon', then the angles' label will be finished by "Angles" instead of "Angle".
Smart pointer associated with a const ModelJCSKinematicFilter object.
Smart pointer associated with a ModelJCSKinematicFilter object.
|
protected |
Constructor.
| void btk::ModelJCSKinematicFilter::ClearSequences | ( | ) |
Clear all defined sequences.
|
protectedvirtual |
Generates the outputs' data. Computes kinematics by using the default sequence Z-Y'-X''
Implements btk::ProcessObject.
|
inline |
Gets the state of the flag "CalculateTranslations". If the returned boolean value is equal to true, then the joints' translations will be computed.
|
inline |
Gets the state of the flag "FinalizeAngles". If the returned boolean value is equal to true, then the angles will be finalized by using the method ModelConfigurator::FinalizeJCSAngles().
|
inline |
Returns the model to used to calculate the kinematics.
|
inline |
Gets the output created with this process.
|
inlineprotected |
Returns the output at the index idx.
| const RotationSequence btk::ModelJCSKinematicFilter::GetRotationSequence | ( | int | idx | ) | const |
Returns the sequence assigned to the idx th joint in the model.
|
inline |
Gets the state of the flag "UseSequencesFromConfigurator" to know if the JCS sequences are given by the model configurator. The use of the methods ModelJCSKinematicFilter::SetRotationSequence are priotary to the sequences given by the configurator.
|
protectedvirtual |
Creates a Acquisition::Pointer object and return it as a DataObject::Pointer.
Implements btk::ProcessObject.
|
inlinestatic |
Creates a smart pointer associated with a ModelJCSKinematicFilter object.
| void btk::ModelJCSKinematicFilter::SetCalculateTranslations | ( | bool | enable | ) |
Sets the state of the flag "CalculateTranslations" to true or false to compute or not the joints' translations
| void btk::ModelJCSKinematicFilter::SetFinalizeAngles | ( | bool | enable | ) |
Sets the state of the flag "FinalizeAngles" to true or false to finalize the angles (offset, clockwise or counterclockwise rotations, ...). If boolean value set is equal to true, then the angles will be finalized by using the method ModelConfigurator::FinalizeJCSAngles().
|
inline |
Sets the model to calculate the kinematics.
| void btk::ModelJCSKinematicFilter::SetInputDisplacementInR0 | ( | const std::string | displacement | ) |
Returns the sequence for the first joint using the label label. If no exlicit sequence was defined, then the default sequence is returned: Z-X'-Y''.
| void btk::ModelJCSKinematicFilter::SetRotationSequence | ( | const std::string & | label, |
| const RotationSequence & | axes | ||
| ) |
Set all the joints with the label label to the sequence axes.
| void btk::ModelJCSKinematicFilter::SetRotationSequence | ( | int | idx, |
| const RotationSequence & | axes | ||
| ) |
Sets the sequence for the joint at the index idx in the model to the value axes.
| void btk::ModelJCSKinematicFilter::SetRotationSequence | ( | const std::string & | label, |
| RotationSequence::Axis | e0, | ||
| RotationSequence::Axis | e1, | ||
| RotationSequence::Axis | e2 | ||
| ) |
Set all the joints with the labe label to the sequence composed of the axis e0, e1, e2.
| void btk::ModelJCSKinematicFilter::SetRotationSequence | ( | int | idx, |
| RotationSequence::Axis | e0, | ||
| RotationSequence::Axis | e1, | ||
| RotationSequence::Axis | e2 | ||
| ) |
Sets the sequence for the joint at the index idx in the model to e0, e1, e2.
| void btk::ModelJCSKinematicFilter::SetUseSequencesFromConfigurator | ( | bool | enable | ) |
Sets the state of the flag "UseSequencesFromConfigurator" to true or false to set the JCS sequences given by the model configurator. The use of the methods ModelJCSKinematicFilter::SetRotationSequence are priotary to the sequences given by the configurator.


{% extends 'home/base.html' %} {% block content %}
Receive notifications to channels when a user goes live.
This can be setup through either commands or by using the bot's web dashboard.
There is also the ability to filter notifications by the title containing specific keywords.
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Use the r!streamnotif help
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So you're here to take a look at the first logo concept.
Just take a second to clear your mind of any clutter and get ready to form a first impression...
When beginning work on this concept I immediately took note of a comment made by the client to avoid using the image of a football as this may appear as too generic. I decided, in that case, to focus in on the word RECRUITS and work from that angle with the image of a player. This can be a little tricky too, as many sports-related logos and emblems feature figures running or passing a football. Ultimately I wanted to acheive a visual representation of the words 'recruit', 'sport' and 'AFL', tying them together without cluttering the concept or appearing too generic.
Ensuring that the logo is suited to a number of different applications is an important consideration when developing a concept. Where and how the logo is seen may not always be ideal, but strong, well-balanced visual elements should always successfully deliver your visual message, even when resized or rearranged.
Below are some examples of reapplications:
Previous concepts had used red as the primary colour and so I have continued with this. Although this concept lends itself well to other colours I think the combination of red and dark grey tones creates a strong visual impact, and successfully communicates the brand purpose and function.
#ed1c24
#c71c24
#666666
#333333
Note that the typeface in the logo has been skewed.
Norwester is also available as a webfont.


{% extends '_main.html' %} {% load static %} {% load waffle_tags %} {% block page_title %}Tools - {{ block.super }}{% endblock %} {% block breadcrumbs %}
{% endblock %} {% block content %} {% with tools_count=RUNNING_TOOLS.count %} {% if tools_count > 0 %} {% endif %} {% endwith %}Data Workspace offers access to a range of analysis tools that you can use with datasets in the catalogue. Find out more about tools and how to start using them in the Help Centre.
{% for key, group in tools.items %}


This structure stores the collision settings that are passed to a collision detector when querying for collisions. More...
#include <CCollisionBasics.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| cCollisionSettings () | |
| Constructor of cCollisionSettings. More... | |
Public Attributes | |
| bool | m_checkForNearestCollisionOnly |
| If true, only return the nearest collision event. More... | |
| bool | m_returnMinimalCollisionData |
| If true, return minimal amount of data about the collision. More... | |
| bool | m_checkVisibleObjects |
| If true, then collision detector shall check for collisions on visible objects (m_showEnabled == true). More... | |
| bool | m_checkHapticObjects |
| If true, then collision detector shall check for collisions on haptic enabled objects (m_hapticEnabled == true). More... | |
| bool | m_adjustObjectMotion |
| If true, then adjust for object motion. (See dynamic proxy model). More... | |
| bool | m_ignoreShapes |
| If true, collision with shape objects are ignored (e.g. cShapeSphere, cShapeCylinder, cShapeBox, etc...) More... | |
| double | m_collisionRadius |
| Collision radius. This value typically corresponds to the radius of the virtual tool or cursor. More... | |
This structure stores the collision settings that are passed to a collision detector when querying for collisions.
|
inline |
| bool chai3d::cCollisionSettings::m_checkForNearestCollisionOnly |
| bool chai3d::cCollisionSettings::m_returnMinimalCollisionData |
| bool chai3d::cCollisionSettings::m_checkVisibleObjects |
| bool chai3d::cCollisionSettings::m_checkHapticObjects |
| bool chai3d::cCollisionSettings::m_adjustObjectMotion |
| bool chai3d::cCollisionSettings::m_ignoreShapes |
| double chai3d::cCollisionSettings::m_collisionRadius |


--- layout: post title: 3D Mesh Editor date: March 30, 2019 primary-language: C++ framework: OpenGL ide: QT Creator ---
In CIS 560 (Computer Graphics), I built a mini version of Autodesk Maya. The goal was to understand a geometric data structure called half-edge, which is a popular way to represent 3D geometry, and taking advantage of the relationships between components of a half-edge mesh to perform mesh editing algorithms such as extrusion, Catmull-Clark Subdivision, and triangulation. In addition, I implemented an OBJ loader to load any OBJ formatted 3D data into the editor. I also learned the structure of a skeleton-joint structure and how different methods of skinning works in order to implement linear-blend and dual quaternion skinning. This was one of my favorite projects in the course because I got to learn very important, fundamental concepts of computer graphics programming and because I am able to gain a better understanding of some of the tools that I use so much in 3D software like Max and Maya.
The biggest challenge that I encountered with the project was when I implemented Catmull-Clark subdivision. The concept sounds simple: just divide each face into quads and smooth vertices. Implementation-wise, it was fairly tricky. The hardest part was to ensure that the component pointers are set correctly, especially during quadrangulate, a process in which we divide each face of the geometry into quads. The end result is very satisfying. Smoothing meshes is a tool that exists in almost any 3D software in the market.
These were JSON files containing joint parent and children relationships provided for us. I used Qt JSON parsing classes (QJsonArray, QJasonObject, QJasonDocument) to parse the files and create a skeleton structure from it.


Super Galactic Age Calculator
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Chapter 3 TA Transient Absorption
Transient absorption is a technique which looks at the absorption of an excited state (and consequently also the loss (or bleaching) of the ground state, Table 1.1).
3.1 Flash photolysis
The technique is based off the single wavelength time resolved technique flash photolysis which was developed by, and won the Nobel Prize for, George Porter and Ronald Norrish (figure 3.1). In flash photolysis a single wavelength probe is normally used, the monochromator in figure 3.1 is frequently just a band pass filter rather than the traditional multi component monochromator, other occasions a long pass filter is used with much the same effect.
The technique looks at either the bleaching and recovery of a ground state, or else at the formation and decay of an excited state, these decay or recovery curves may then be fitted to first order kinetics (figure 3.2.
3.2 Absorbance transitions
In transient absorbtion we look at the absorption spectra from excited excited states, and under usual circumstances look at how this evolves over time, just like with a ground state absorbance you can have absorption to a number of different levels and these each have their own values for molar extinction coefficient (\(\varepsilon\)) and their own lifetimes.
| ‘Allowed ground state absorptions’ | ||
| Singlet-singlet absorption | \(S_0 + h \nu \longrightarrow S_1\) \(S_0 + h \nu \longrightarrow S_2\) \(\dots\) |
|
| ‘Forbidden ground state absorptions’ | ||
| Singlet-triplet absorption | \(S_0 + h \nu \longrightarrow T_1\) \(S_0 + h \nu \longrightarrow T_2\) \(\dots\) |
|
| ‘Excited state absorptions’ | ||
| Singlet-singlet absorption Triplet-triplet absorption |
\(S_1 + h \nu \longrightarrow S_2\) \(S_1 + h \nu \longrightarrow S_3\) \(\dots\) \(T_1 + h \nu \longrightarrow T_2\) \(T_1 + h \nu \longrightarrow T_3\) \(\dots\) |
However, the excited state is also lost by the usual deactivation pathways listed in Table 4.1, and so we can use kinetics to follow the loss of excited state and either the reformation of the ground state or formation of products.
| ‘Allowed excited state emission’ | ||
| Singlet-singlet emission | fluorescence | \(S_1 \longrightarrow S_0 + h \nu '\) |
| ‘Forbidden excited state emission’ | ||
| Triplet-singlet emission | phosphorescence | \(T_1 \longrightarrow S_0 + h \nu ''\) |
| ‘Other transitions’ | ||
| Internal conversion |
(vibrational relaxation) (vibrational relaxation) |
\(S_1 \longrightarrow S_0 + heat\) \(S_1 \longrightarrow T_1 + heat\) \(T_1 \longrightarrow S_0 + heat\) |
| Other pathways | ||
| Quenching of excited state Chemistry from excited state |
\(S_1 + Q \longrightarrow S_0 + Q +heat\) \(S_1 + Q \longrightarrow S_0 + Q^\ast +heat\) \(T_1 + Q \longrightarrow S_0 + Q +heat\) \(T_1 + Q \longrightarrow S_0 + Q^\ast +heat\) \(S_1 \longrightarrow\) new/changed molecule |
There are a number of transient excited states which may be observed in transient absorption spectrum which may not be accessible by direct absorption of a photon from the ground state, these states occur at different time delays, and we can often follow pathways of formation of different states.
3.3 Lifetimes in TA
If we study the the TA spectrum with excitation pulses of different durations we get to see different information about the system.
- fs - non-radiative relaxation of higher electronic states and the transition state formation
- ps - vibrational relaxation
- ps-ns - radiative relaxation of first excited singlet state (fluorescence)
- µs - spin-forbidden relaxation of first excited triplet state (phosphorescence)
- ms - fast photocycles (photolyase, phytochrome, rhodopsin)
Photochemical reactions can occur on all of these time scales
The time resolution is determined by the instrument response function (IRF) which is a response of the pump duration and the detector response and refresh rate.
The decay profiles always follow (spontaneous) first order kinetics, however there may be more than one decay mechanism from any given state, each with their own unique lifetime ((3.1)).
\[\begin{equation} [S*]=A \textrm{e}^{-k_1t}+ B \textrm{e}^{-k_2t} \dots \tag{3.1} \end{equation}\]
It is relatively easy to fit to bi-exponential decay, however if there are three or more components fitting the lifetimes gets increasingly difficult and so lifetimes with more than three components are only rarely reported.
3.4 Transient absorbance
The technique of transient absorbance is used at a variety of wavelength ranges only changing the probe wavelength to the range of interest. The most common versions of this teachnique are using infra-red probes and UV/visable probes, and usually the technique is time-resolved, frequently in the ns, ps & fs time domains. We will look at other lifetime techniques later in the course, and different lifetime teachniques are often used in conjunction to more fully understand a system.
The instrumental setup for a transient absorbance experiment is almost exactly the same as that used in flash photolysis, however TA has the ability to scan wavelengths and so there is a monochromator instead of a bandpass filter, and consequently this means that the probe light source has to be a ‘white light’ source (figure 3.3).
This is an interactive element.
The pump light source has to provide an efficient start of the dynamicss, consequently it should be a (relatively)short pulse relative to the time domain being studied and be of high intensity to generate measurable quantities of excited state. As such the pump light source is frequently a ‘q-switched’ laser of a suitable wavelength to be absorbed by the system, it doesn’t matter what wavelengths are being probed, it only matters that the pump light source can generate excited states.
For ns and µs studies it is usual for the probe light source to be steady state, with a Xe arc lamp being suitable for the low energy UV, visable and near IR region. Other wavelength sources may be used for other techniques such as Raman, IR and EPR. ‘Ultrafast’ systems (ps and fs) have a more complicated probe light source which is described elsewhere.
For TA experiments the optical density of the sample should be higher than for normal steady state absorbance, with typical absorbances of around 0.3-0.5 cm-1 being typical, it is a balance between generating enough excited state to be measurable and keeping a linear response such that we can quantify the reactions taking place.
3.5 Methods of measuring TA spectra
There are two methods of measuring TA data: kinetic mode and spectral mode.
Kinetic mode looks at a single wavelength and measures the evolution of the signal at that wavelength over time, then the process is repeated at another wavelength until all wavelengths of interest are covered and the spectrum is built.
Spectral mode is where the whole spectrum is recorded at a given time delay, and then the time delay is changed and the spectrum recorded again, this is repeated until all time delays of interest have been studied.
Spectral mode is limited on how quickly the whole spectrum can be recorded, however the increasing sensitivity and responsiveness of CCDs has increased their use in TA measurements in recent years.
The transient absorption spectrum looks at the difference of absorbance at each wavelength between before an excitation pulse (with everythign in the ground state) and after. From the Beer-Lambert law:
The absorbance of the ground state is:
\[\begin{equation} A_0=\varepsilon l [S]_0 \tag{3.2} \end{equation}\]
and the absorbance after excitation is:
\[\begin{equation} A_t=\varepsilon l ([S]_0-[S^*]) + \varepsilon^*l[S*] \tag{3.3} \end{equation}\]
this is the sum of the absorbance of any remaining ground state and the absorbance of the excited state at the same wavelength.
The transient absorbance signal is given by, \(\Delta A\), which is equation (3.3) - equation (3.2):
\[\begin{equation} \Delta A = A_t-A_0 \tag{3.4} \end{equation}\]
rearranging these equations gives:
\[\begin{equation} \Delta A = (\varepsilon ^* - \varepsilon) l [S^*] \tag{3.4} \end{equation}\]
in each of these cases \([S^*]\) can be the concentration of any of the excited states.
The TA spectrum therefore looks like evolving peaks (figure 3.4)with positive peaks relating to new excited state absorptions, and negative peaks related to the loss of ground state. Just as with CD and LD where difference spectrum are also recorded it should not be forgotten that both ground and excited state peaks may occur in the same region of the spectrum.
Any peaks which remain after a long time delay are likely ‘products’ of the reaction, it does not have to be that all of the ground state is recovered.
3.6 Ultrafast TA spectroscopy
Ultrafast (ps and fs) TA spectroscopy is a special subset of TA because it is impossible to get this time resolution with a typical TA set up. Instead a single pulsed laser source is used for both pump and probe, in this case the time delay is produced by increasing slightly the length of the path of light of the probe light source (figure 3.5).
The probe light source is passed through a continuum generator (a non-linear optical device which gives and smooth white light output), this light is passed through the sample at different time delays to generate a spectral mode signal. In the case of ultrafast spectroscopy the two pulses do not arrive in the sample orthogonal to each other, but instead are offset by ‘the magic angle’ (approximately 54.7º (\(\arccos \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\))) this reduces any anisotropic effects (such as molecular rotations or polarisation) increasing the spectral resolution.
The detector is usually a CCD, with a preceeding 2-dimensional diffraction grating to record the whole spectrum for each sampling.
3.7 Limitations of TA
There are, however, a number of limitations with the technique of TA, some only particular to fs spectroscopy, and some are easier to account for than others.
Firstly it must be ensured that the repetition rate of the laser is slower than the time taken for the ground state to recover, if this is not possible the sample maybe ‘refreshed’ by use of continuous flow of solution. It must also be ensured that not only about 10% of the molecules are excited with the pump pulse, this ensures that both the ground and excited state should still be in regions where they are obeying the Beer-Lambert law. If too much excited state is generated secondary effects such as excited state annihilation, orientational saturation (all molecules alligned are saturated), or saturation (where stimulated emmission can have effects) can complicate analysis
Secondly use of the magic angle (at all time domains) reduces the effect of orientation dynamics (at this angle there should be no overlap of wave-vectors of pump or probe paths). Laser light is polarised, and so selectively excites transition dipoles aligned with the wave vector, depolarisation of this absorption occurs due ot later rotational diffusion within the system. The magic angle ensures that the ‘average’ of these depolarations is zero ultimately giving a better signal to noise - the same technique is also used in NMR spectroscopy.
Specific to ultrafast spectroscopies is the effect of bandbroadening due to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle of the short light pulses, with supposedly ‘monochromatic’ laser pulses often having FWHM peak withs of 100 or more nm. This can mean it is difficult to only excite particular transitions.
Finally there may be articfacts (such as scattering or emission) which can complicate spectra, especially at early time scales.
3.8 Workshop task
I have made the full paper to the research task available on moodle, but have also included a second paper which I highly recommend reading, which was written by Ahmed Zewail, who won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for inventing fs spectroscopy, it is a paper designed for beginners and is a very easy read.
You will find some slides on moodle which show the transient absorption spectra at different time delays of a model photosynthetic system. The slides also give details on the wavelength of ground state absorbance of the two chromophores in the system. Two sets of data are shown, the spectrum as it evolves over time, and the absorbances at two single wavelengths as the evolve over time.
As before questions are posed next to the spectra - try to think what is excited when in the system, what factors complicate the spectra (additional transition states, chemical products etc) and try to build a model of how energy is moved around the system.
As before my interpretation of the results (and in this case the energy profile model from the research paper)are also included in the discussion, but try and draw your own conclusions first.


'George of the Jungle'
A movie review by Walter Frith
Have you ever started watching a movie inside a theatre and about 15 minutes into the feature presentation you can't wait to leave? That is exactly the feeling created as 'George of the Jungle' unfolds. Based on the cartoon of the same name, 'George of the Jungle' is an absolutely abysmal offering from Walt Disney Pictures and it looks as if Disney now believes that movie audiences will buy into anything and I do mean ANYTHING. The first few minutes of the film features an exploration team deep in the jungles of Africa whose leader (the cast mostly features nameless, tasteless and untalented wannabe actors) is a rich snob and immediately sickens the audience with his unlikable and obnoxious personality. His bride to be has a voice that could crack glass and torture the most vicious attack dogs all in the same breath and she immediately becomes embroiled in a jungle confrontation with a lion.
Enter George (Brendan Fraser). He's a jungle hero raised by nature when he was separated from his family in a plane crash when he was an infant. Naturally he saves her from peril and proceeds to use a few pro-wrestling moves (clothesline, elbow drop and suplex) all in cartoon fashion which exploits cruelty to animals in extremely poor taste. We laugh about that sort of thing in cartoons as politically incorrect as it may seem in today's day and age but for some reason it doesn't work here in live action. George's companion is a gorillas named "Ape" voiced by John Cleese and George is soon rewarded by the girl he saved as she takes him back to America (San Francisco to be exact) and introduces her to her very wealthy family and friends. She is engaged to a man suited to her position and George returns to his jungle for the film's climax.
Brendan Fraser is such a talented young actor whose work in such films as 'School Ties' and 'With Honors' was a treat and I don't understand the reason he chose this jaw dropping project of extremely crude and unfunny material. I saw 'George of the Jungle' on opening day with a theatre filled mostly with small children and their parents and the laughs were very few and far between so there goes the theory of appealing to the kiddies and upon looking around the theatre some parents were shaking their heads and putting their hands in front of their face in embarrassment. I saw it with my 69 year old father who kept falling asleep.
'George of the Jungle' is a live action film based on a cartoon that features visuals and sound effects derived directly from cartoon antics and it features people falling in excrement, animals expiring gas from the bottom end in people's faces, wooden dialogue, quick scenes of lost logic, and faceless performances with no creative turns from anybody behind the camera. If this film were edible, you would get food poisoning. Definitely a candidate for worst film of 1997 (that honor still belongs to John Leguizamo's 'The Pest' until I digest this one further) and one of the worst films of the 90's.
OUT OF 5> zero
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Reactive-web is a new framework for writing highly interactive and dynamic web applications. It's written in Scala , sits on top of Lift, and uses the Functional Reactive Programming library reactive-core (it's in the same repository).
As in GWT, you can code the user interface in the same language as the rest of your application (except in Scala instead of Java), rather than writing JavaScript. Unlike GWT, however, you don't need an extra build step to convert your code to JavaScript. You can easily combine code that runs on the browser with code that runs on the server. And, you can declare dynamic relationships between components, like binding in Flex/JavaFX/etc. (only much more powerful).
Your webapp can interact with browser elements as if they were regular objects inside the JVM. You can handle events from DOM elements in your code, and you can update DOM objects by mutating the corresponding object. And you can assign dynamically evaluated expressions, and the browser will update automatically (more easily and powerfully than with Lift's built in wiring). These relationships can be enforced from within the browser, or they can involve the server if need be.
Reactive has powerful support for incremental updates. So you can have a set of items transformed it in all sorts of ways and rendered, and when the set of items changes, only the necessary changes will be made to the DOM.
It is extremely testable. You can write Selenium-style tests — but they don't require starting up a browser or Jetty, and your tests can access and interact with both the "user interface" as well as the server-side objects (such as the contents of a snippet class).
You can use it within a regular Lift application, in one place or throughout. Or you can use it to completely change the kind of webapps you write. No longer do webapps have to be less dynamic than GUI applications. (You can even use it to build a rich desktop GUI app — just run Jetty embedded!)
Its functional design works very well with the Lift template binding mechanisms, so you can keep view design completely separate from your code.
Updates that are computed on the server can arrive at the browser as part of the original page load, as part of an ajax response (if they occurred in response to an ajax call), or via Lift's superb comet support. It all happens automatically, so you don't have to worry about which; reactive-web will select the one that's appropriate.
To find out more about reactive-core and reactive-web, just explore the menu bar above. The Getting Started guide is here.
You can discuss reactive on the scala-user or Lift lists, or you can send me a message on github. Looking forward to your constructive criticism!
The code is at http://github.com/nafg/reactive. Note that while there is still much to be done, it's more in terms of completeness (like adding more elements and properties, and more features) than in terms of plumbing or usability.
Some planned features include:


Nothing seek, nothing find.
Cease to struggle and you cease to live.
Man errs as long as he strives.
Energy and persistence conquer all things.


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Ubiquity
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php rapid development framework
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Public Member Functions | |
| __construct ($name) | |
| __toString () | |
| setPrimary () | |
| setDbType ($infos) | |
| addManyToOne ($name, $className, $nullable=false) | |
| addOneToMany ($mappedBy, $className) | |
| addManyToMany ($targetEntity, $inversedBy, $joinTable, $joinColumns=[], $inverseJoinColumns=[]) | |
| getName () | |
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Private Attributes | |
| $name | |
| $primary | |
| $manyToOne | |
| $annotations | |
Definition at line 14 of file Member.php.
| __construct | ( | $name | ) |
Definition at line 20 of file Member.php.
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| addValidators | ( | ) |
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| getDbType | ( | ) |
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| getGetter | ( | ) |
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| getManyToOne | ( | ) |
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| getName | ( | ) |
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| getSetter | ( | ) |
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| hasAnnotations | ( | ) |
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| isManyToOne | ( | ) |
Definition at line 97 of file Member.php.
| isNullable | ( | ) |
Definition at line 132 of file Member.php.
| isPrimary | ( | ) |
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| setDbType | ( | $infos | ) |
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| setPrimary | ( | ) |
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001/** 002 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one 003 * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file 004 * distributed with this work for additional information 005 * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file 006 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the 007 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance 008 * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at 009 * 010 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 011 * 012 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 013 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 014 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 015 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 016 * limitations under the License. 017 */ 018 019package org.apache.hadoop.mapred; 020 021import java.io.IOException; 022 023import org.apache.hadoop.classification.InterfaceAudience; 024import org.apache.hadoop.classification.InterfaceStability; 025import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem; 026import org.apache.hadoop.io.Closeable; 027import org.apache.hadoop.io.SequenceFile; 028import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.CompressionCodec; 029 030/** 031 * Maps input key/value pairs to a set of intermediate key/value pairs. 032 * 033 *
Maps are the individual tasks which transform input records into a 034 * intermediate records. The transformed intermediate records need not be of 035 * the same type as the input records. A given input pair may map to zero or 036 * many output pairs.
 037 * 038 *
The Hadoop Map-Reduce framework spawns one map task for each 039 * {@link InputSplit} generated by the {@link InputFormat} for the job. 040 * Mapper implementations can access the {@link JobConf} for the 041 * job via the {@link JobConfigurable#configure(JobConf)} and initialize 042 * themselves. Similarly they can use the {@link Closeable#close()} method for 043 * de-initialization.
 044 * 045 *
The framework then calls 046 * {@link #map(Object, Object, OutputCollector, Reporter)} 047 * for each key/value pair in the InputSplit for that task.
 048 * 049 *
All intermediate values associated with a given output key are 050 * subsequently grouped by the framework, and passed to a {@link Reducer} to 051 * determine the final output. Users can control the grouping by specifying 052 * a Comparator via 053 * {@link JobConf#setOutputKeyComparatorClass(Class)}.
 054 * 055 *
The grouped Mapper outputs are partitioned per 056 * Reducer. Users can control which keys (and hence records) go to 057 * which Reducer by implementing a custom {@link Partitioner}. 058 * 059 *
Users can optionally specify a combiner, via 060 * {@link JobConf#setCombinerClass(Class)}, to perform local aggregation of the 061 * intermediate outputs, which helps to cut down the amount of data transferred 062 * from the Mapper to the Reducer. 063 * 064 *
The intermediate, grouped outputs are always stored in 065 * {@link SequenceFile}s. Applications can specify if and how the intermediate 066 * outputs are to be compressed and which {@link CompressionCodec}s are to be 067 * used via the JobConf.
 068 * 069 *
If the job has 070 * <a<EMAIL_ADDRESS>071 * reduces then the output of the Mapper is directly written 072 * to the {@link FileSystem} without grouping by keys.
 073 * 074 *
Example:
 075 *

 076 * public class MyMapper<K extends WritableComparable, V extends Writable> 077 * extends MapReduceBase implements Mapper<K, V, K, V> { 078 * 079 * static enum MyCounters { NUM_RECORDS } 080 * 081 * private String mapTaskId; 082 * private String inputFile; 083 * private int noRecords = 0; 084 * 085 * public void configure(JobConf job) { 086 * mapTaskId = job.get(JobContext.TASK_ATTEMPT_ID); 087 * inputFile = job.get(JobContext.MAP_INPUT_FILE); 088 * } 089 * 090 * public void map(K key, V val, 091 * OutputCollector<K, V> output, Reporter reporter) 092 * throws IOException { 093 * // Process the <key, value> pair (assume this takes a while) 094 * // ... 095 * // ... 096 * 097 * // Let the framework know that we are alive, and kicking! 098 * // reporter.progress(); 099 * 100 * // Process some more 101 * // ... 102 * // ... 103 * 104 * // Increment the no. of <key, value> pairs processed 105 * ++noRecords; 106 * 107 * // Increment counters 108 * reporter.incrCounter(NUM_RECORDS, 1); 109 * 110 * // Every 100 records update application-level status 111 * if ((noRecords%100) == 0) { 112 * reporter.setStatus(mapTaskId + " processed " + noRecords + 113 * " from input-file: " + inputFile); 114 * } 115 * 116 * // Output the result 117 * output.collect(key, val); 118 * } 119 * } 120 *

 121 * 122 *
Applications may write a custom {@link MapRunnable} to exert greater 123 * control on map processing e.g. multi-threaded Mappers etc.
 124 * 125 * @see JobConf 126 * @see InputFormat 127 * @see Partitioner 128 * @see Reducer 129 * @see MapReduceBase 130 * @see MapRunnable 131 * @see SequenceFile 132 */<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>135public interface Mapper<K1, V1, K2, V2> extends JobConfigurable, Closeable { 136 137 /** 138 * Maps a single input key/value pair into an intermediate key/value pair. 139 * 140 *
Output pairs need not be of the same types as input pairs. A given 141 * input pair may map to zero or many output pairs. Output pairs are 142 * collected with calls to 143 * {@link OutputCollector#collect(Object,Object)}.
 144 * 145 *
Applications can use the {@link Reporter} provided to report progress 146 * or just indicate that they are alive. In scenarios where the application 147 * takes an insignificant amount of time to process individual key/value 148 * pairs, this is crucial since the framework might assume that the task has 149 * timed-out and kill that task. The other way of avoiding this is to set 150 * <a<EMAIL_ADDRESS>151 * mapreduce.task.timeout to a high-enough value (or even zero for no 152 * time-outs).
 153 * 154 * @param key the input key. 155 * @param value the input value. 156 * @param output collects mapped keys and values. 157 * @param reporter facility to report progress. 158 */ 159 void map(K1 key, V1 value, OutputCollector<K2, V2> output, Reporter reporter) 160 throws IOException; 161}


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I’m Brian Verschoore, Born 1st of March 1997. I’m student Graphical and Digital
media on the Arteveldehogeschool. There I’m also strongly participating in student council.
In my free time I’m mostly busy with series, boardgames and being animator on childrens and young
adolescents camps.
Email: brian.verschoore@telenet.be


This is the API documentation for 'puppetlabs_spec_helper-0.4.1 Documentation'.
[Validate]
Generated with the Darkfish Rdoc Generator 2.


log4net is a tool to help the programmer output log statements to a variety of output targets.
In case of problems with an application, it is helpful to enable logging so that the problem can be located. With log4net it is possible to enable logging at runtime without modifying the application binary. The log4net package is designed so that log statements can remain in production code without incurring a high performance cost. It follows that the speed of logging (or rather not logging) is crucial.
At the same time, log output can be so voluminous that it quickly becomes overwhelming. One of the distinctive features of log4net (and common to all of the log4x libraries) is the notion of hierarchical loggers. Using these loggers it is possible to selectively control which log statements are output at arbitrary granularity.
log4net is designed with two distinct goals in mind: speed and flexibility. There is a tight balance between these two requirements.
No. log4net is not reliable. It is a best-effort and fail-stop logging system.
By fail-stop, we mean that log4net will not throw unexpected exceptions at run-time potentially causing your application to crash. If for any reason, log4net throws an uncaught exception (except for ArgumentException and ArgumentNullException which may be thrown), please send an email to the<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mailing list. Uncaught exceptions are handled as serious bugs requiring immediate attention.
Moreover, log4net will not revert to System.Console.Out or System.Console.Error when its designated output stream is not opened, is not writable or becomes full. This avoids corrupting an otherwise working program by flooding the user's terminal because logging fails. However, log4net will output a single message to System.Console.Error and System.Diagnostics.Trace indicating that logging can not be performed.
log4net runs on many different frameworks and each framework has its own requirements. As a rule of thumb you will need an ECMA-335 compliant CLI runtime, for example, the Microsoft .NET runtime 1.0 (1.0.3705) or 1.1 (1.1.4322).
Not all frameworks are created equal and some features have been excluded from some of the builds. See the Framework Support document for more information.
There is a directory containing examples in log4net\examples. The examples are broken down by framework.
See the features overview document for more information on the features of log4net.
Yes, log4net is thread-safe.
The log output can be customized in many ways. Moreover, one can completely override the output format by implementing one's own ILayout
Here is an example output using PatternLayout with the conversion pattern %timestamp [%thread] %-5level %logger{2} %ndc - %message%newline
176 [main] INFO examples.Sort - Populating an array of 2 elements in reverse order. 225 [main] INFO examples.SortAlgo - Entered the sort method. 262 [main] DEBUG SortAlgo.OUTER i=1 - Outer loop. 276 [main] DEBUG SortAlgo.SWAP i=1 j=0 - Swapping intArray[0] = 1 and intArray[1] = 0 290 [main] DEBUG SortAlgo.OUTER i=0 - Outer loop. 304 [main] INFO SortAlgo.DUMP - Dump of integer array: 317 [main] INFO SortAlgo.DUMP - Element [0] = 0 331 [main] INFO SortAlgo.DUMP - Element [1] = 1 343 [main] INFO examples.Sort - The next log statement should be an error message. 346 [main] ERROR SortAlgo.DUMP - Tried to dump an uninitialized array. 467 [main] INFO examples.Sort - Exiting main method.
The first field is the number of milliseconds elapsed since the start of the program. The second field is the thread outputting the log statement. The third field is the level of the log statement. The fourth field is the rightmost two components of the name of the logger making the log request. The fifth field (just before the '-') is the nested diagnostic context (NDC). Note the nested diagnostic context may be empty as in the first two statements. The text after the '-' is the message of the statement.
The logger concept lies at the heart of log4net's configuration. Loggers are organized into a hierarchy and give the programmer run-time control on which logging statements are printed or not.
Loggers are assigned levels through the configuration of log4net. A log statement is routed through to the appender depending on its level and its logger.
Contrary to the GNU Public License (GPL) the Apache Software License does not make any claims over your extensions. By extensions, we mean totally new code that invokes existing log4net code. You are free to do whatever you wish with your proprietary log4net extensions. In particular, you may choose to never release your extensions to the wider public. For details see the Apache License, Version 2.0.
We are very careful not to unnecessarily change the log4net client API so that newer log4net releases are backward compatible with previous versions. We are a lot less scrupulous with the internal log4net API. Thus, if your extension is designed to work with the internals of a specific log4net version, then when the next release of log4net comes out, you will probably need to adapt your proprietary extensions to the new release. Thus, you will be forced to spend precious resources in order to keep up with log4net changes. This is commonly referred to as the "stupid-tax". By donating the code and making it part of the standard distribution, you save yourself the unnecessary maintenance work.
If your extensions are useful then someone will eventually write an extension providing the same or very similar functionality. Your development effort will be wasted.
Unless the proprietary log4net extension is business critical, there is little reason for not donating your extensions back to the project.
Alternating between indentation styles makes it hard to understand the source code. Make it hard on yourself but easier on others.
There is nothing more irritating than finding the bugs in debugging (i.e. logging) code.
It's all about the application not about logging.
As fast as they get reported ;-)
log4net is a port of the popular log4j logging library. The initial port was done in June 2001, since then we have tried to remain in the spirit of the original log4j. See the log4net history page for more details.
The log4net home page is a good place to start.
Logging behavior can be set using configuration files which are parsed at runtime. Using configuration files the programmer can define loggers and set their levels.
Configuration files are specified in XML. See log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator for more details.
See the various log4net.Layout and log4net.Appender components for specific configuration options.
Setting the Threshold on the Hierarchy to Level OFF will disable all logging from that Hierarchy. This can be done in the log4net configuration file by setting the "threshold" attribute on the log4net configuration element to "OFF". For example:
<log4net threshold="OFF" />
log4net uses public properties to configure components such as Appenders, Layouts, Loggers etc.
Thus, any writable public property in on the appender corresponds to a configurable option. For example, in RollingFileAppender the public int MaxSizeRollBackups { set; } property corresponds to the MaxSizeRollBackups option.
Layouts options are also defined by their writable properties. Same goes for most other log4net components.
Yes it is. Setting the Threshold option of any appender extending AppenderSkeleton, (most log4net appenders extend AppenderSkeleton) will filter out all log events with a lower level than the value of the threshold option.
For example, setting the threshold of an appender to DEBUG will also allow INFO, WARN, ERROR and FATAL messages to log along with DEBUG messages. (DEBUG is the lowest level). This is usually acceptable as there is little use for DEBUG messages without the surrounding INFO, WARN, ERROR and FATAL messages. Similarly, setting the threshold of an appender to ERROR will filter out DEBUG, INFO and WARN messages but not ERROR or FATAL messages.
This policy usually best encapsulates what the user actually wants to do, as opposed to her mind-projected solution.
If you must filter events by exact level match, then you can attach a LevelMatchFilter to any appender to filter out logging events by exact level match.
Yes. The XmlConfigurator supports automatic reloading through the ConfigureAndWatch APIs. See the API documentation for more details.
Yes. When specifying the type in the configuration file you can give the assembly qualified name of the type. For example:
<appender name="..." type="MyNamespace.MyAppender, MyAssembly">
The .NET runtime will try to locate the assembly called MyAssembly. How .NET locates assemblies is beyond the scope of this FAQ.
When loading an assembly from the GAC the fully qualified assembly name, including the version, culture and public key must be specified. This is in the standard syntax supported by System.Type.GetType. See the next FAQ on how to get the version and public key for an assembly.
The fully qualified name for an assembly includes the version, culture and public key. The public key is derived from the strong name used to identify the publisher. When referencing an assembly from the GAC the fully qualified name must be used. To get the version, culture and public key you can use a tool like the excellent .NET Reflector from Lutz Roeder available from http://www.aisto.com/roeder/dotnet.
Newlines in the config file need to be escaped using an XML numeric character reference. The sequence that represents a CR LF is . The following example adds a header and footer to the output each followed by a newline.
<layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout"> <header value="[Header] " /> <footer value="[Footer] " /> <conversionPattern value="%date [%thread] %-5level %logger - %message%newline" /> </layout>
Log4net supports a pattern syntax for setting string properties similar to the PatternLayout used to format the output messages. This pattern syntax can be used by specifying type="log4net.Util.PatternString" on the string property in the config file. This tells the config parser to pass the value to the PatternString type before converting the result to a string. For details on the patterns supported see the PatternString SDK Reference.
The following example sets the file name for a FileAppender to include the current process id by specifying the %processid pattern in the File property.
<appender name="LogFileAppender" type="log4net.Appender.FileAppender"> <file type="log4net.Util.PatternString" value="log-file-[%processid].txt" /> <layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout" value="%date [%thread] %-5level %logger - %message%newline" /> </appender>
Yes, there are.
You can name logging loggers by locality. It turns out that instantiating a logger in each class, with the logger name equal to the fully-qualified name of the class, is a useful and straightforward approach of defining loggers. This approach has many benefits:
However, this is not the only way for naming loggers. A common alternative is to name loggers by functional areas. For example, the "database" logger, "remoting" logger, "security" logger, or the "XML" logger.
You may choose to name loggers by functionality and subcategorize by locality, as in "DATABASE.MyApp.MyClass" or "DATABASE.MyApp.MyModule.MyOtherClass".
You are totally free in choosing the names of your loggers. The log4net package merely allows you to manage your names in a hierarchy. However, it is your responsibility to define this hierarchy.
Note: by naming loggers by locality one tends to name things by functionality, since in most cases the locality relates closely to functionality.
You can easily retrieve the fully-qualified name of a class in a static block for class X, with the statement typeof(X).Name. Note that X is the class name and span an instance. However because the LogManager.GetLogger method is overloaded to take an instance of Type as well as string usually only the type of the class is required.
Here is the suggested usage template:
public class Foo { private static readonly ILog log = LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(Foo)); ... other code }
An equivalent and more portable solution, though slightly longer, is to use the declaring type of the static constructor.
public class Foo { private static readonly ILog log = LogManager.GetLogger(System.Reflection.MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().DeclaringType); ... other code }
Note: the .NET Compact Framework 1.0 does not support System.Reflection.MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().
For some logger log, writing,
log.Debug("Entry number: " + i + " is " + entry[i]);
incurs the cost of constructing the message parameter, that is converting both integer i and entry[i] to a string, and concatenating intermediate strings. This, regardless of whether the message will be logged or not.
If you are worried about speed, then write
if(log.IsDebugEnabled) { log.Debug("Entry number: " + i + " is " + entry[i]); }
This way you will not incur the cost of parameter construction if debugging is disabled for logger log. On the other hand, if the logger is debug enabled, you will incur the cost of evaluating whether the logger is enabled or not, twice: once in IsDebugEnabled and once in Debug. This is an insignificant overhead since evaluating a logger takes less than 1% of the time it takes to actually log a statement.
So you don't think that the previous FAQ is really the fastest way of not logging? Well there is a faster way but it does have some drawbacks. Starting from:
if(log.IsDebugEnabled) { log.Debug("Entry number: " + i + " is " + entry[i]); }
It is possible to further eliminate the calls to IsDebugEnabled so that the call is only made once per logger. If you are using one logger for each class then you can store the enabled state for the logger in a static variable in the class and then test against this variable:
public class FastLogger { private static readonly ILog log = LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(FastLogger)); private static readonly bool isDebugEnabled = log.IsDebugEnabled; public void MyMethod() { if(isDebugEnabled) { log.Debug("Entry number: " + i + " is " + entry[i]); } } }
So why exactly is this faster? Well to start with the IsDebugEnabled is not called for each log statement, it is called once per logger. Furthermore as the isDebugEnabled variable is private static readonly the JIT compiler can at run-time optimize out the if test altogether. This means that at runtime the JIT compiler won't even compile the logging statements into native code, i.e. all the logging just disappears.
So what is the downside to using this? Well one of the clever features of log4net is that you can change the logging configuration while your program is running. If you need to investigate an issue in your application, you don't have to stop the application, setup the logging and restart the application, you can change the logging configuration and the log4net will reload it (see XmlConfigurator.ConfigureAndWatch APIs for more information). However if the JIT has compiled out all of the logging statements then they are gone and you can't get them back by reloading the configuration file. Effectively this means that the logging configuration can only be set when the application loads and it cannot be changed at runtime. It is up to you to decide if you need ultimate speed or need to be able to reload the logging configuration while the application is running.
Many developers are confronted with the problem of distinguishing the log output originating from the same class but different client requests. They come up with ingenious mechanisms to fan out the log output to different files. In most cases, this is not the right approach.
It is simpler to use a context property or stack (ThreadContext). Typically, one would ThreadContext.Properties["ID"] = "XXX" client specific information, such as the client's hostname, ID or any other distinguishing information when starting to handle the client's request. Thereafter, log output will automatically include the context data so that you can distinguish logs from different client requests even if they are output to the same file.
See the ThreadContext and the PatternLayout classes for more information.
It is quite nontrivial to define the semantics of a "removed" logger which is still referenced by the user.
By default the FileAppender holds an exclusive write lock on the log file while it is logging. This prevents other processes from writing to the file. The FileAppender can be configured to use a different locking model, MinimalLock, that only acquires the write lock while a log is being written. This allows multiple processes to interleave writes to the same file, albeit with a loss in performance. See the FileAppender config examples for an example MinimalLock configuration.
While the MinimalLock model may be used to interleave writes to a single file it may not be the optimal solution, especially when logging from multiple machines. Alternatively you may have one or more processes log to RemotingAppenders. Using the RemoteLoggingServerPlugin (or IRemoteLoggingSink) a process can receive all the events and log them to a single log file.
The timestamp is created when the logging event is created. That is so say, when the Debug, Info, Warn, Error or Fatal method is invoked. This is unaffected by the time at which they may arrive at a remote server. Since the timestamps are transmitted in UTC format by the RemotingAppender, they all appear in the same time zone as the host creating the logfile. Since the clocks of various machines may not be synchronized, this may account for time interval inconsistencies between events generated on different hosts.
The simple answer is as soon as possible. The long answer is more complex.
If you are configuring log4net programmatically, i.e. by calling the XmlConfigurator.Configure method then you should do so before you begin logging and it is reasonable to do this very soon after application start.
If you are configuring log4net by specifying assembly level attributes on your assembly then the configuration will be loaded once the first call to the LogManager.GetLogger is made. It is necessary that the first call to LogManager.GetLogger made during the process (or AppDomain) is made from the assembly that has the configuration attributes. Log4net will look only once and only on the first calling assembly for the configuration attributes.
Yes. You can implement the log4net.Layout.ILayout interface to create you own customized log format, or you can extend the LayoutSkeleton class which provides a default implementation of the ILayout interface. Appenders can be parameterized to use the layout of your choice.
Yes. You can implement the log4net.Appender.IAppender interface to create you own customized appender. We recommend that you extend the log4net.Appender.AppenderSkeleton class rather than starting from scratch. You should implement your custom code in a assembly separate from the log4net assembly. To get started it is worth looking at the source of the log4net.Appender.TraceAppender as an example of the minimum amount of code required to get an appender working.
To configure log4net to use your custom appender you need to specify the assembly qualified name of the appender type in the config file. For example:
<appender name="..." type="MyNamespace.MyAppender, MyAssembly">
The .NET runtime will try to locate the assembly called MyAssembly. How .NET locates assemblies is beyond the scope of this FAQ.
There are 2 different ways to enable internal debugging in log4net. These are listed below. The preferred method is to specify the log4net.Internal.Debug option in the application's config file.
Internal debugging can also be enabled by setting a value in the application's configuration file (not the log4net configuration file, unless the log4net config data is embedded in the application's config file). The log4net.Internal.Debug application setting must be set to the value true. For example:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <configuration> <appSettings> <add key="log4net.Internal.Debug" value="true"/> </appSettings> </configuration>
This setting is read immediately on startup an will cause all internal debugging messages to be emitted.
To enable log4net's internal debug programmatically you need to set the log4net.Util.LogLog.InternalDebugging property to true. Obviously the sooner this is set the more debug will be produced.
Internal debugging messages are written to the console and to the System.Diagnostics.Trace system. If the application does not have a console the messages logged there will be lost. Note that an application can redirect the console stream by setting the System.Console.Out. The Trace system will by default send the message to an attached debugger (where the messages will appear in the output window). If the process does not have a debugger attached then the messages are sent to the system debugger. A utility like DebugView from http://www.sysinternals.com may be used to capture these messages.
As log4net internal debug messages are written to the System.Diagnostics.Trace system it is possible to redirect those messages to a local file. You can define a trace listener by adding the following to your application's .config file:
<configuration> ... <system.diagnostics> <trace autoflush="true"> <listeners> <add name="textWriterTraceListener" type="System.Diagnostics.TextWriterTraceListener" initializeData="C:\tmp\log4net.txt" /> </listeners> </trace> </system.diagnostics> ... </configuration>
Make sure that the process running your application has permission to write to this file.
If you are not getting events delivered to the event log this usually indicates a permissions problem. Basically if the event log does not exist the EventLogAppender tries to create it, but you need local administrator permissions to create event logs (just to write into the right bit of the registry). You don't need administrator permissions to log to an existing event log, but it must exist. If you are using the event log from a web application or service using the event log can be a little tricky.
A web application will run as the user account ASPNET. This account deliberately has few permissions to reduce the chances of someone hacking into the web server. While the account has permission to write to the event log it does not have permission to create event sources (registry create and write access), which are needed to write to the event log.
There are a couple of solutions:
Make the ASPNET user a member of the Administrators group. This will work because the user will then have the required permissions. This is not recommended for production use.
As the event source only needs to be created once for the machine, create an installer and configure it to create the event source. The installer will need to be run as Administrator (don't they all). See System.Diagnostics.EventLogInstaller in the Microsoft .NET Framework SDK for an example of how to create a simple event log installer.
There is a Microsoft Knowledge Base article that covers this issue and how to resolve it. PRB: "Requested Registry Access Is Not Allowed" Error Message When ASP.NET Application Tries to Write New EventSource in the EventLog.
The web application runs as a special user account on the web server called ASPNET. This account has restricted permissions to protect the web server from attacks. By default this account may not have permission to write to the file system. Make sure that the ASPNET account has permission to create and write to files in the directory chosen for logging.
A windows service runs as a user account specified in the services control panel. This account may have restricted permissions, make sure that the account has permission to create and write to files in the directory chosen for logging.
A windows service is launched by windows. The current directory in a service is set to the windows system directory (e.g. C:\Windows\System32). If you are loading the configuration file from the current directory then be aware that this path will not be the location of your assemblies. The best way to get the path to your assemblies is to use AppDomain.BaseDirectory. Note that the log4net internals never use the current directory.
For details on the different ways in which ADO.NET can connect to a database see: Connecting to a Data Source Using ADO.NET.
If you need to use ODBC to connect to your database then please note that the ADO.NET ODBC drivers are not included in the standard .NET framework redistributable. You can download the drivers from microsoft download at: ODBC .NET Data Provider.
See the support page for details.
There is a good discussion of this topic on Robert McLaws blog: Building a Better Server Control Experience, Part 2.


Throttle protection
Enables protection against burnt-out throttle electronics or cable disconnection. If throttle signal goes above ~4V (normally it is below), controller stops.
It's recommended to keep this on.


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In retrospect, this was not a good idea. I nearly lost my friends and my mind to mephedrone. This drug in my opinion, is dirty, and since taking it for the first time in January, I have done cocaine and ended up in hospital for possible MDMA overdose. The joyous drug spiral. I had extended experience with high doses (for someone my size) of mephedrone.
A friend (A) and I bought 2g of mephedrone, split it equally. The original snorting setting was in a park, from which we went to my friend's house. On eyeballing dose, and checking the baggie after insufflation, I had snorted approx. .25g in two lines. As we were walking through the park, that initial stimulant/ euphoric rush kicked in. As did my gurning. All was good and well, this was around 15 minutes after dose, and I 'felt' like I was coming down already, time for redose, this time, I insufflated a single line of around .1 - .15g. Continued having a good time upon return to this party, music was blaring, conversation was flowing. Managed to do another .1 - .15g line in the toilet, no one suspected.
When I went back into the kitchen, people were commenting on how fucked I looked, my only response was 'yay, i really want more'. I should have used their comments as a warning. A and I then went back to the park for our final dose, we hung around in the park for a bit, and finished the mephedrone within 20 minutes.
I knew something was wrong at this point, I was beginning to get physiologic nystagmus - never a good sign. I had to sit in my friend's bathroom, locked in. Because the park was so muddy, A unlocked the door to find me obsessively cleaning the floor of mud. The second time A returned, I was curled in a ball staring at my hands, I recall this is because 'it looked like strobe lights'. At this point she got seriously concerned, I assured her I would be fine, I just needed to sit and relax. Then came the vomiting, which scared me, as any drug-induced vomiting is never good, yet I still maintained a calm air.
I was informed about half an hour after final dose, I had to go home with my friend (B) whose house I was staying at for the night. B informed me that she'd come get me in 10 minutes, she came back to find me cleaning the hallway, and having the Father of the girl who's house it was, saying 'Are you alright?' B laughed. On the walk to the bus stop (approx. 20 minutes) I thought it would be a great idea to run, which resulted in me on the floor puking. I puked numerous times before getting to B's house, yet found sleep surprisingly easy.
I have had bad experiences with mephedrone since, now upon dosing, I end up with serious ulcers (that bleed as biting of cheeks occurs) my tongue feels burnt for weeks on end, despite not having had boiling food, my nose will bleed for around 2 weeks, and bits often come out.
It's just not worth it anymore. And I do believe I now have a drug problem, probably related to the fact I took a like to snorting.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


components.nf-graph Class
A container component for building complex Cartesian graphs.
Minimal example
{{#nf-graph width=100 height=50}}
{{#nf-graph-content}}
{{nf-line data=lineData xprop="foo" yprop="bar"}}
{{/nf-graph-content}}
{{/nf-graph}}
The above will create a simple 100x50 graph, with no axes, and a single line
plotting the data it finds on each object in the array lineData
at properties
foo
and bar
for x and y values respectively.
More advanced example
{{#nf-graph width=500 height=300}}
{{#nf-x-axis height="50"}}
<text>{{tick.value}}</text>
{{/nf-x-axis}}
{{#nf-y-axis width="120"}}
<text>{{tick.value}}</text>
{{/nf-y-axis}}
{{#nf-graph-content}}
{{nf-line data=lineData xprop="foo" yprop="bar"}}
{{/nf-graph-content}}
{{/nf-graph}}
The above example will create a 500x300 graph with both axes visible. The graph will not render either axis unless its component is present.
Item Index
Methods
Properties
- _xMax
- _xMin
- _yMax
- _yMin
- brushAction
- brushEndAction
- brushStartAction
- brushThreshold
- contentClipPathId
- graphHeight
- graphics
- graphTransform
- graphWidth
- graphX
- graphY
- hasData
- hasRendered
- height
- isGraph
- isScaleSource
- paddingBottom
- paddingLeft
- paddingRight
- paddingTop
- parentController
- selected
- selectMultiple
- showFrets
- showLanes
- showXAxis
- showYAxis
- width
- xAxis
- xData
- xDataExtent
- xDomain
- xLogMin
- xMax
- xMaxMode
- xMin
- xMinMode
- xOrdinalOuterPadding
- xOrdinalPadding
- xPowerExponent
- xRange
- xScale
- xScaleFactory
- xScaleType
- yAxis
- yData
- yDataExtent
- yDomain
- yLogMin
- yMax
- yMax
- yMaxMode
- yMinMode
- yOrdinalOuterPadding
- yOrdinalPadding
- yPowerExponent
- yRange
- yScale
- yScaleFactory
- yScaleType
Methods
_notifyHasRendered
()
private
Sets hasRendered
to true
on willInsertElement
.
_setup
()
private
The initialization method. Fired on init
.
deselectGraphic
-
graphic
deselects the graphic passed.
Parameters:
-
graphic
Ember.Componentthe graph child component to deselect.
mousePoint
-
container
-
e
Gets the mouse position relative to the container
Parameters:
-
container
SVGElementthe SVG element that contains the mouse event
-
e
Objectthe DOM mouse event
Returns:
an array of [xMouseCoord, yMouseCoord]
registerGraphic
-
graphic
Registers a graphic such as nf-line
or nf-area
components with the graph.
Parameters:
-
graphic
Ember.ComponentThe component object to register
selectGraphic
-
graphic
Selects the graphic passed. If selectMultiple
is false, it will deselect the currently
selected graphic if it's different from the one passed.
Parameters:
-
graphic
Ember.Componentthe graph component to select within the graph.
unregisterGraphic
-
graphic
Unregisters a graphic such as an nf-line
or nf-area
from the graph.
Parameters:
-
graphic
Ember.ComponentThe component to unregister
Properties
_xMax
Unknown
private
Backing field for xMax
_xMin
Unknown
private
Backing field for xMin
_yMax
Unknown
private
Backing field for yMax
_yMin
Unknown
private
Backing field for yMin
brushAction
String
The name of the action to trigger when brushing emits a new value
Default: null
brushEndAction
String
The name of the action to trigger when brushing ends
Default: null
brushStartAction
String
The name of the action to trigger when brushing starts
Default: null
brushThreshold
Number
The amount of leeway, in pixels, to give before triggering a brush start.
Default: 7
contentClipPathId
String
private
Gets the DOM id for the content clipPath element.
graphHeight
Number
The height, in pixels, of the graph content
graphics
Array
Registry of contained graphic elements such as nf-line
or nf-area
components.
This registry is used to pool data for scaling purposes.
graphTransform
String
An SVG transform to position the graph content
graphWidth
Number
The width, in pixels, of the graph content
graphX
Number
The x coordinate position of the graph content
graphY
Number
The y coordinate position of the graph content
hasData
Boolean
Returns true
if the graph has data to render. Data is conveyed
to the graph by registered graphics.
Default: false
hasRendered
Unknown
private
height
Number
The height of the graph in pixels.
Default: 100
isGraph
Unknown
private
Allows child compoenents to identify graph parent.
isScaleSource
Unknown
private
Identifies this graph to its children as providing scales.
paddingBottom
Number
The padding at the bottom of the graph
Default: 0
paddingLeft
Number
The padding at the left of the graph
Default: 0
paddingRight
Number
The padding at the right of the graph
Default: 0
paddingTop
Number
The padding at the top of the graph
Default: 0
parentController
Ember.Controller
A computed property returned the view's controller.
selected
Array
An array of "selectable" graphics that have been selected within this graph.
selectMultiple
Boolean
Gets or sets the whether or not multiple selectable graphics may be selected simultaneously.
Default: false
showFrets
Boolean
Determines whether to display "frets" in the background of the graph.
Default: false
showLanes
Boolean
Determines whether to display "lanes" in the background of the graph.
Default: false
showXAxis
Boolean
Computed property to show xAxis. Returns true
if an xAxis is present.
Default: false
showYAxis
Boolean
Computed property to show yAxis. Returns true
if a yAxis is present.
Default: false
width
Number
The width of the graph in pixels.
Default: 300
xAxis
Unknown
The nf-x-axis
component is registered here if there is one present
Default: null
xData
Array
Gets all x data from all graphics.
xDataExtent
Array
Gets the highest and lowest x values of the graphed data in a two element array.
xDomain
Array
Gets the domain of x values.
xLogMin
Number
The min value to use for xScaleType "log" if xMin <= 0
Default: 0.1
xMax
Unknown
Gets or sets the maximum x domain value to display on the graph.
Behavior depends on xMaxMode
.
xMaxMode
String
Sets the behavior of xMax
for the graph.
Possible values:
- 'auto': (default) xMax is always equal to the maximum domain value contained in the graphed data. Cannot be set.
- 'fixed': xMax can be set to an exact value and will not change based on graphed data.
- 'push': xMax can be set to a specific value, but will update if the maximum x value contained in the graph is greater than what xMax is currently set to.
- 'push-tick': xMax can be set to a specific value, but will update to next "nice" tick if the maximum x value contained in the graph is greater than that xMax is set to.
Default: 'auto'
xMin
Unknown
Gets or sets the minimum x domain value to display on the graph.
Behavior depends on xMinMode
.
xMinMode
String
Sets the behavior of xMin
for the graph.
Possible values:
- 'auto': (default) xMin is always equal to the minimum domain value contained in the graphed data. Cannot be set.
- 'fixed': xMin can be set to an exact value and will not change based on graphed data.
- 'push': xMin can be set to a specific value, but will update if the minimum x value contained in the graph is less than what xMin is currently set to.
- 'push-tick': xMin can be set to a specific value, but will update to next "nice" tick if the minimum x value contained in the graph is less than that xMin is set to.
Default: 'auto'
xOrdinalOuterPadding
Number
The padding at the ends of the domain data when xScaleType
is 'ordinal'
Default: 0.1
xOrdinalPadding
Number
The padding between value steps when xScaleType
is 'ordinal'
Default: 0.1
xPowerExponent
Number
The exponent to use for xScaleType "pow" or "power".
Default: 3
xRange
Array
The x range of the graph in pixels. The min and max pixel values in an array form.
xScale
Function
Gets the current xScale used to draw the graph.
xScaleFactory
Unknown
Gets a function to create the xScale
xScaleType
String
The type of scale to use for x values.
Possible Values:
'linear'
- a standard linear scale'log'
- a logarithmic scale'power'
- a power-based scale (exponent = 3)'ordinal'
- an ordinal scale, used for ordinal data. required for bar graphs.
Default: 'linear'
yAxis
Unknown
the nf-y-axis
component is registered here if there is one present
Default: null
yData
Array
Gets all y data from all graphics
yDataExtent
Array
Gets the highest and lowest y values of the graphed data in a two element array.
yDomain
Array
Gets the domain of y values.
yLogMin
Number
The min value to use for yScaleType "log" if yMin <= 0
Default: 0.1
yMax
Unknown
Gets or sets the maximum y domain value to display on the graph.
Behavior depends on yMaxMode
.
yMax
Unknown
Gets or sets the maximum y domain value to display on the graph.
Behavior depends on yMaxMode
.
yMaxMode
String
Sets the behavior of yMax
for the graph.
Possible values:
- 'auto': (default) yMax is always equal to the maximum domain value contained in the graphed data. Cannot be set.
- 'fixed': yMax can be set to an exact value and will not change based on graphed data.
- 'push': yMax can be set to a specific value, but will update if the maximum y value contained in the graph is greater than what yMax is currently set to.
- 'push-tick': yMax can be set to a specific value, but will update to next "nice" tick if the maximum y value contained in the graph is greater than that yMax is set to.
Default: 'auto'
yMinMode
String
Sets the behavior of yMin
for the graph.
Possible values:
- 'auto': (default) yMin is always equal to the minimum domain value contained in the graphed data. Cannot be set.
- 'fixed': yMin can be set to an exact value and will not change based on graphed data.
- 'push': yMin can be set to a specific value, but will update if the minimum y value contained in the graph is less than what yMin is currently set to.
- 'push-tick': yMin can be set to a specific value, but will update to next "nice" tick if the minimum y value contained in the graph is less than that yMin is set to.
Default: 'auto'
yOrdinalOuterPadding
Number
The padding at the ends of the domain data when yScaleType
is 'ordinal'
Default: 0.1
yOrdinalPadding
Number
The padding between value steps when xScaleType
is 'ordinal'
Default: 0.1
yPowerExponent
Number
The exponent to use for yScaleType "pow" or "power".
Default: 3
yRange
Array
The y range of the graph in pixels. The min and max pixel values in an array form.
yScale
Function
Gets the current yScale used to draw the graph.
yScaleFactory
Unknown
Gets a function to create the yScale
yScaleType
String
The type of scale to use for y values.
Possible Values:
'linear'
- a standard linear scale'log'
- a logarithmic scale'power'
- a power-based scale (exponent = 3)'ordinal'
- an ordinal scale, used for ordinal data. required for bar graphs.
Default: 'linear'


MTW Series Trapezoid Mill is Kefid in the absorption of European grinding technology and philosophy based on the development of patented products, with a number of independent patent rights, the model uses a bevel gear overall drive, internal thin oil lubrication system, curved duct and other new patented technology, as the traditional Raymond Mill, tilting mill replacement products, is widely used in power plant desulfurization, large non-metallic mineral milling and building materials and chemical and other fields.


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block body %}
HashACat is the next generation of cloud computing! By combining cats with powerful cloud infrastructure we can provide a unique product, Cats as a Service (CaaS)
Lucky you! There exists an even more boring way to get your hashed cat needs! HashACat provides a ReSTish interface to allow easy integration into every single product you can imagine!
Simply make a http request for hashacat.com/cat/<yourHash>, and a cat will follow! Or, for you JSON types, append ?format=json to get a direct link to your selected cat
Bam, that's how it works. Each hash is mapped directly to one cat in our database of thousands. That hash will always grant the same cat, ensuring you never confuse your users by providing non-consistent cat imaging
No idea. They are from all around the internet, and we at HashACat don't claim any sort of copyright over any of them.
Yo dawg, we be supporting both JSONp and CORS for all your cross domain calling needs. CORS just works on the hash URL, and JSONp can be obtained by appending ?format=json&callback=<yourFunction> to the /cat URL
Mwahahaha! *cough* *cough* The rate limit is to help protect our servers, which are solely run by me. If you really need to go faster, we should talk
{% endblock %}


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__author__ = "Harshvardhan Pandit"
__license__ = "MIT"
Then, you notice the instructions continue on the back of the Recruiting Document. Easter Bunny HQ is actually at the first location you visit twice.
For example, if your instructions are
R8, R4, R4, R8
,
the first location you visit twice is 4 blocks away, due East
.

As per the previous solution, this looks to be a trivial problem. We only have to check when we visit the place twice, so there has to be some way to check whether we have been to the place, which means we need to store the point we have been on the graph.
For this, we will use a set
to store the points, and check at every
iteration, whether we have been to that point.
The naive solution would be to store every point we visit, so it merely
becomes a problem of sifting through searches (binary search would suffice).
But to make it more efficient, we only store the paths,
and check if the current movement cross any of the previous paths.
Let's use the property of points lying on a line segment. Suppose we have the
line segment AB
, and a point P
lies on the line, then the sum of the
distance of P
from A
and P
to B
is equal to the distance from A
to B
. Or specified as:
AB
= AP
+ PB
So we save every point we end up at, as endpoints, and check if the movement is along the path by checking for every point in the saved set.
Another interesting observation in terms of optimisation, is that if the
point does lie on the line, then one of the axis co-ordinates will be the
same in all three points (A, B, C)
. This is true in this case because all
movesments are in the single direction along a grid. So we can eliminate
points which do not satisfy this condition.
Get the input data from a file called input.txt
in the same folder.
The file contains the tokens seperated by comma(,).
with open('./input.txt', 'r') as f:
data = (x.strip() for x in f.read().split(','))
Use namedtuples, because they're so nice ;) Actually, use them because they are still tuples, look like class-objects, and give more semantic context to the code.
In this case, the Turn is LEFT and RIGHT.
from collections import namedtuple
Turns = namedtuple('Turns', ('left', 'right'))
turns = Turns('L', 'R')
A VectorPoint is a point with a direction I use them to plot the point on the graph, and also to represent the direction of movement.
VectorPoint = namedtuple('VectorPoint', ('x', 'y'))
When turning, we apply this mask (the logic if above).
mask_left = VectorPoint(-1, 1)
mask_right = VectorPoint(1, -1)
The direction is the starting face, which the problem describes as being NORTH.
direction = VectorPoint(0, 1)
The point to be tracked, this is the position on graph.
point = VectorPoint(0, 0)
A path contains two points, A
and B
.
Path = namedtuple('Path', ('A', 'B'))
Paths will save all visited paths.
paths = set()
last_point = point
for token in data:
Tokenize the token into turn and number of blocks. The first letter represents the direction to turn to, and will only be 'L' for left, and 'R' for right. The numbers after that are the number of blocks to walk.
turn, blocks = token[:1], int(token[1:])
Get mask based on direction to turn
if turn == turns.left:
mask = mask_left
if turn == turns.right:
mask = mask_right
The direction is the swapped direction, with the mask applied.
So the previous (x,y)
becomes (y,x) * mask(x,y)
.
direction = VectorPoint(direction.y * mask.x, direction.x * mask.y)
The point is now the number of blocks added with the direction applied.
point = VectorPoint(
point.x + blocks * direction.x,
point.y + blocks * direction.y)
Check if we have visited the path. To do that, we must first identify
whether we have moved along the X-axis or the Y-axis.
The movement_mask
represents the mask applied to the last point to
iterate over to the current point. This gives us every point along the
path. The mask takes care of negatives and direction, and helps keep
the logic clear.
if point.x == last_point.x:
This is along the Y-axis. Check whether we are moving towards the top or the bottom. If the y attribute is increasing, we are moving towards the top, otherwise towards bottom.
if point.y > last_point.y:
movement_mask = VectorPoint(0, 1)
else:
movement_mask = VectorPoint(0, -1)
else:
This is along the X-axis. Check whether we are moving towards the left or the right. If the x attribute is increasing, we are moving thowards the right, otherwise towards left.
if point.x > last_point.x:
movement_mask = VectorPoint(1, 0)
else:
movement_mask = VectorPoint(-1, 0)
last_point_holder = last_point
Now iterate through each point along the path
while last_point.x != point.x or last_point.y != point.y:
Move the point
last_point = VectorPoint(
last_point.x + movement_mask.x,
last_point.y + movement_mask.y)
Create a flag
for path in paths:
Check if there are any common co-ordinates on this path. If the condition is satisfied, found a point lying in the intersecting path
if path.A.x == last_point.x and path.B.x == last_point.x:
if abs(path.A.y - last_point.y)\
+ abs(last_point.y - path.B.y)\
== abs(path.A.y - path.B.y):
break
if path.A.y == last_point.y and path.B.y == last_point.y:
if abs(path.A.x - last_point.x)\
+ abs(last_point.x - path.B.x)\
== abs(path.A.x - path.B.x):
break
else:
No paths match, move ahead.
continue
Some path is found. Stop searching.
break
else:
Save the path.
last_point = point
at this juncture
path = Path(last_point_holder, point)
last_point = point
paths.add(path)
continue
We found a path that has been visited
distance = abs(last_point.x) + abs(last_point.y)
print(distance)
break
else:
print(0)


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