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dynamics_HII_PDR.in fast H+He+metals (low ionization parameter) 009 km s
title fast H+He+metals (low ionization parameter) 009 km s
failures 1
*
* ADVECTION PARAMETERS
*
wind -9 advection no continuum
set dynamics pressure mode subsonic
iterate 10 to convergence 0.001
* iterate 10 to convergence 0.001
set nend 2000
*
* INPUT SPECTRA
*
* hot wd star
blackbody 120,000
phi(h) 9.5
sphere
turbulence 8 km/sec
*
* OTHER PHYS PARAMS
normalize to "Q(H)" 4861
*
hden 3.5
*init "fast.ini"
init "ism.ini"
abundances hii region no grains
grains orion no qheat single
*
* STOPPING CRITERIA
*
stop thickness 18
stop efrac -3
stop temperature 100
no molecules
*
* SPEEDUP
*
atom h-like levels small
atom he-like levels small
* set drmin 12.5
*
* Output
punch dr "dynamics_HII_PDR.dr"
punch overview "dynamics_HII_PDR.ovr"
punch wind "dynamics_HII_PDR.wnd"
*
*
* asserts
c
c dynamics_HII_PDR.in
c
feii_blr_n09_p18.in FeII model
title FeII model
table agn
atom feii
print lines column
print lines sort intensity
hden 9
phi(h) 18
stop column density 23
iterate convergence
normalize to "totl" 1216 100
init "c84.ini"
punch feii lines "feii_blr_n09_p18.lin" last
punch feii column densities "feii_blr_n09_p18.fe2col" last
punch feii relative populations all "feii_blr_n09_p18.lev" last
punch feii relative populations range 0 200 "feii_blr_n09_p18.lv1" last
punch feii relative populations range 201 371 "feii_blr_n09_p18.lv2" last
punch overview "feii_blr_n09_p18.ovr" last
punch dr "feii_blr_n09_p18.dr" last
punch convergence reason "feii_blr_n09_p18.cvr"
This is one of the 5 models that sample the LOC plane.
feii_blr_n09_p18_Z20.in FeII model
title FeII model
table agn
print lines column
print lines sort intensity
atom feii
abundances starburst 20
hden 9
phi(h) 18
stop column density 23
iterate convergence
normalize to "totl" 1216 100
init "c84.ini"
punch feii lines "feii_blr_n09_p18_Z20.lin" last
punch feii colum density "feii_blr_n09_p18_Z20.fe2col" last
punch feii populations all "feii_blr_n09_p18_Z20.lev" last
punch overview "feii_blr_n09_p18_Z20.ovr" last
punch dr "feii_blr_n09_p18_Z20.dr" last
punch convergence reason "feii_blr_n09_p18_Z20.cvr"
This is one of the 5 models that sample the LOC plane.
feii_blr_n11_p20.in FeII model
title FeII model
table agn
print lines column
print lines sort intensity
atom feii
hden 11
phi(h) 20
stop column density 23
iterate convergence
normalize to "totl" 1216 100
init "c84.ini"
punch convergence reason "feii_blr_n11_p20.cvr"
punch feii lines "feii_blr_n11_p20.lin" last
punch feii column densities "feii_blr_n11_p20.fe2col" last
punch feii populations all "feii_blr_n11_p20.lev" last
punch overview "feii_blr_n11_p20.ovr" last
punch dr "feii_blr_n11_p20.dr" last
This is one of the 5 models that sample the LOC plane.
feii_blr_n11_p20_Z20.in FeII model
title FeII model
table agn
print lines column
print lines sort intensity
atom feii
failures 2
abundances starburst 20
hden 11
phi(h) 20
stop column density 23
iterate convergence
normalize to "totl" 1216 100
init "c84.ini"
punch cooling "feii_blr_n11_p20_Z20.col"
punch convergence reason "feii_blr_n11_p20_Z20.cvr"
punch feii lines "feii_blr_n11_p20_Z20.lin" last
punch feii column densites "feii_blr_n11_p20_Z20.fe2col" last
punch feii populations all "feii_blr_n11_p20_Z20.lev"
punch heating "feii_blr_n11_p20_Z20.het"
punch element calcium "feii_blr_n11_p20_Z20.ca"
punch overview "feii_blr_n11_p20_Z20.ovr" last
punch dr "feii_blr_n11_p20_Z20.dr"
This is one of the 5 models that sample the LOC plane.
feii_blr_n12_p19.in FeII model
title FeII model
table agn
print lines column
print lines sort intensity
atom feii
hden 12
phi(h) 19
stop column density 23
iterate convergence
normalize to "totl" 1216 100
init "c84.ini"
punch convergence reason "feii_blr_n12_p19.cvr"
punch feii lines "feii_blr_n12_p19.lin" last
punch feii populations all "feii_blr_n12_p19.lev" last
punch feii column densities "feii_blr_n12_p19.fe2col" last
punch overview "feii_blr_n12_p19.ovr" last
punch dr "feii_blr_n12_p19.dr" last
This is one of the 5 models that sample the LOC plane.
feii_blr_n12_p19_Z20.in FeII model
title FeII model
table agn
print lines column
print lines sort intensity
atom feii
abundances starburst 20
hden 12
phi(h) 19
stop column density 23
iterate convergence
normalize to "totl" 1216 100
init "c84.ini"
punch feii lines "feii_blr_n12_p19.lin" last
punch feii column densiteis "feii_blr_n12_p19.fe2col" last
punch feii populations all "feii_blr_n12_p19.lev" last
punch convergence reason "feii_blr_n12_p19.cvg"
punch overview "feii_blr_n12_p19.ovr" last
punch dr "feii_blr_n12_p19.dr" last
This is one of the 5 models that sample the LOC plane.
feii_blr_n13_p18.in BLR model, density 1e13 cm-3, flux of H-ion phots 1e18 cm2 s-1
title BLR model, density 1e13 cm-3, flux of H-ion phots 1e18 cm2 s-1
print lines column
print lines sort intensity
atom feii
c
c this is a very low ionization cloud
c the conditions, and some lines, are surprisingly sensitive
c to the treatment of hydrogen molecules
c
table agn
hden 13
phi(h) 18
stop column density 22
double
iterate convergence
normalize to "totl" 1216 100
init "c84.ini"
punch feii lines "feii_blr_n13_p18.lin" last
punch feii column densites "feii_blr_n13_p18.fe2col" last
punch feii populations all "feii_blr_n13_p18.lev" last
punch overview "feii_blr_n13_p18.ovr" last
punch dr "feii_blr_n13_p18.dr" last
punch convergence reason "feii_blr_n13_p18.cvr"
This is one of the 5 models that sample the LOC plane.
feii_blr_n13_p18_Z20.in BLR model, density 1e13 cm-3, flux of H-ion phots 1e18 cm2 s-1
title BLR model, density 1e13 cm-3, flux of H-ion phots 1e18 cm2 s-1
print lines column
print lines sort intensity
atom feii
abundances starburst 20
c
c this is a very low ionization cloud
c the conditions, and some lines, are surprisingly sensitive
c to the treatment of hydrogen molecules
c
table agn
hden 13
phi(h) 18
stop column density 19
double
iterate convergence limit 15
normalize to "totl" 1216 100
init "c84.ini"
punch feii lines "feii_blr_n13_p18_Z20.lin" last
punch feii column densities "feii_blr_n13_p18_Z20.fe2col" last
punch feii populations all "feii_blr_n13_p18_Z20.lev" last
punch overview "feii_blr_n13_p18_Z20.ovr" last
punch dr "feii_blr_n13_p18_Z20.dr" last
punch convergence reason "feii_blr_n13_p18_Z20.cvr"
This is one of the 5 models that sample the LOC plane.
feii_blr_n13_p22.in FeII model
title FeII model
table agn
print lines column
print lines sort intensity
atom feii
hden 13
phi(h) 22
stop column density 23
iterate convergence
normalize to "totl" 1216 100
init "c84.ini"
punch convergence reason "feii_blr_n13_p22.cvr"
punch feii lines "feii_blr_n13_p22.lin" last
punch feii populations all "feii_blr_n13_p22.lev" last
punch feii column density "feii_blr_n13_p22.col" last
punch overview "feii_blr_n13_p22.ovr" last
punch dr "feii_blr_n13_p22.dr" last
This is one of the 5 models that sample the LOC plane.
feii_blr_n13_p22_Z20.in FeII model
title FeII model
table agn
print lines column
print lines sort intensity
atom feii
abundances starburst 20
hden 13
phi(h) 22
stop column density 23
iterate convergence
normalize to "totl" 1216 100
init "c84.ini"
punch convergence reason "feii_blr_n13_p22_Z20.cvr"
punch feii lines "feii_blr_n13_p22_Z20.lin" last
punch feii column densities "feii_blr_n13_p22_Z20.fe2col" last
punch feii populations all "feii_blr_n13_p22_Z20.lev" last
punch overview "feii_blr_n13_p22_Z20.ovr" last
punch dr "feii_blr_n13_p22_Z20.dr"
punch heating "feii_blr_n13_p22_Z20.het"
punch cooling "feii_blr_n13_p22_Z20.col"
This is one of the 5 models that sample the LOC plane.
h2_HTT91.in Hollenbach et al. 1991 low-density PDR
title Hollenbach et al. 1991 low-density PDR
iterate
c
c
hden 3
c
c this is hot star continuum
black 30000
intensity 0.2 range 0.4412 to 1 Ryd
c this will remove all ionizing radiation
extinguish 24 0
c
turbulence 1.5 km/sec
c first continuum is FIR hot grain continuum produced in
c unmodeled HII Region
grains orion, abundance log 0.16
grains PAH
atom h2
init file="ism.ini"
abundances he -1.01 c -3.52 n-8 o-3.30 ne-8 mg-5.89
continue si -6.10 s -5.10 cl-7 ar-8 fe -6.60
normalize to 157.6m "C 2"
sphere
case b
cosmic rays, background
c stop when gas is fully neutral
stop efrac -10
c this is to stop at an intended place, since results would be
c very dependent on details if we stop on temperature
stop thickness 18.954
c stop when gas is cold
stop temperature 10 linear
c add this to mimic unmodelled neutral gas
double optical depths
c
c uv lines are strongly pumped by stellar continuum, break out contribution
print line pump
print line optical depths
print ages
c
punch overview last "h2_HTT91.ovr"
punch dr "h2_HTT91.dr "
punch molecules last "h2_HTT91.mol"
punch results last "h2_HTT91.rlt"
punch continuum units microns last "h2_HTT91.con"
punch heating last "h2_HTT91.het"
punch cooling last "h2_HTT91.col"
punch H2 destruction "h2_HTT91.H2d"
punch H2 creation "h2_HTT91.H2c"
c
c h2_HTT91.in
This is the Hollenbach et al 1991 Low-density PDR
The case b command appears because the Lyman lines are
vastly optically thick in this environment.
If the command is removed the Lyman lines will be optically thin,
which will result in fast fluorescent excitation of the
(nearly totally neutral) hydrogen atom.
there is very little CO in this model since it is not thick enough
for the UV pumping lines to become optically thick
h2_orion_hii_pdr.in constant gas pressure orion into pdr
title constant gas pressure orion into pdr
stop temperature 10 linear
c
c print lots of faint CO lines
print line faint -4
stop AV 1000 point
constant gas pressure
sphere
c
c the incident continuum is two parts
c star and flux of photons striking it
table read "star_kurucz_39600.dat"
c
Q(H) 49
radius 17.4507
c plus hot brems
brems 6
phi(h) 10
c
c add cosmic rays, which are important at depth
cosmic rays, background
c
c we have a spherical geometry but want to simulate observing
c through a spectrometer's slit. use the aperture
c command for this
aperture beam
c
c the observed microturbulence
turbulence 8 km/sec no pressure
c
c density and abundances
hden 4
init file="ism.ini"
abundances hii region no grains
grains orion
grains pah
atom h2
c
set nend 2000
c
punch overview last "h2_orion_hii_pdr.ovr"
punch hydrogen 21 cm last "h2_orion_hii_pdr.21cm"
punch heating "h2_orion_hii_pdr.het"
punch cooling "h2_orion_hii_pdr.col"
punch dr last "h2_orion_hii_pdr.dr"
punch results last "h2_orion_hii_pdr.rlt"
punch continuum last "h2_orion_hii_pdr.con" units microns
punch hydrogen lya last "h2_orion_hii_pdr.lya"
punch grain charge last "h2_orion_hii_pdr.grnchr"
punch grain potential last "h2_orion_hii_pdr.grnpot"
punch H2 lines last "h2_orion_hii_pdr.h2lin"
punch H2 column density last "h2_orion_hii_pdr.h2col"
punch H2 destruction "h2_orion_hii_pdr.H2d"
punch H2 creation "h2_orion_hii_pdr.H2c"
punch molecules "h2_orion_hii_pdr.mol"
c
c h2_orion_hii_pdr.in
05 dec 19, had stopped at 1 pc, gas/dust got very cold and H2 stopped
forming, H2 went to H0 - this below the CO network out of the water.
stop at AV of 1000 instead. Is this loss of H2 at low grain temperature
physical? Is it ever seen?
h2_pdr_leiden_f2.in low density high flux model 2 as defined in e-mail
title low density high flux model 2 as defined in e-mail
c
c commands controlling continuum =========
c Use the Draine 1978 field, for a semi-infinite slab we have to use
c half the requested value, so the actual value
c they want for the model is actually twice the value below
table draine 50000
c insure that no H-ionizing radiation strikes cloud
extinguish 24
c
c commands for density & abundances =========
grains ism 1.16 no qheat
c hydrogen density
hden 3.
c
c commands controlling geometry =========
c
c other commands for details =========
atom h2
failures 3
c use leiden initialization file
init file="pdr_leiden.ini"
c This command defines the grain temperature to be a constant 20 Kelvin
constant grain temperature 20
c This sets the temperature to a constant 50 Kelvin
constant temperature 50 linear
c
c commands controlling output =========
punch overview "h2_pdr_leiden_f2.ovr"
punch leiden lines "h2_pdr_leiden_f2.lin"
punch leiden "h2_pdr_leiden_f2.lei"
punch dr "h2_pdr_leiden_f2.dr"
punch grain physical conditions "h2_pdr_leiden_f2.grn"
punch H2 lines "h2_pdr_leiden_f2.h2lin" all
punch H2 column density "h2_pdr_leiden_f2.h2col"
punch H2 populations matrix zone "h2_pdr_leiden_f2.pop"
punch H2 destruction "h2_pdr_leiden_f2.H2d"
punch H2 creation "h2_pdr_leiden_f2.H2c"
c
c
c h2_pdr_leiden_f2.in
c class pdr
c ========================================
c
h2_pdr_leiden_f3.in high density low flux model 3 as defined in e-mail
title high density low flux model 3 as defined in e-mail
c
c commands controlling continuum =========
c Use the Draine 1978 field, for a semi-infinite slab we have to use half
c the requested value, so the actual value
c they want for the model is actually twice the value below
table draine 5
c insure that no H-ionizing radiation strikes cloud
extinguish 24
c
c commands for density & abundances =========
grains ism 1.16 no qheat
c hydrogen density
hden 5.5
c
c commands controlling geometry =========
c
c other commands for details =========
c ice formation is exteme and will establish the thickness, which would
c make this very sensitive to details - turn off ices
no grain molecules
atom h2
failures 3
c use leiden initialization file
init file="pdr_leiden.ini"
c This command defines the grain temperature to be a constant 20 Kelvin
constant grain temperature 20
c This sets the temperature to a constant 50 Kelvin
constant temperature 50 linear
c
c commands controlling output =========
punch overview "h2_pdr_leiden_f3.ovr"
punch leiden lines "h2_pdr_leiden_f3.lin"
punch leiden "h2_pdr_leiden_f3.lei"
punch dr "h2_pdr_leiden_f3.dr"
punch grain physical conditions "h2_pdr_leiden_f3.grn"
punch H2 lines "h2_pdr_leiden_f3.h2lin" all
punch H2 column density "h2_pdr_leiden_f3.h2col"
punch H2 populations matrix zone "h2_pdr_leiden_f3.pop"
punch H2 rates "h2_pdr_leiden_f3.rat"
punch H2 destruction "h2_pdr_leiden_f3.H2d"
punch H2 creation "h2_pdr_leiden_f3.H2c"
c
c
c h2_pdr_leiden_f3.in
c class pdr
c ========================================
c
h2_pdr_leiden_f4.in high density high flux model 4 as defined in e-mail
title high density high flux model 4 as defined in e-mail
c
c commands controlling continuum =========
c
c commands for density & abundances =========
grains ism 1.16 no qheat
c
c commands controlling geometry =========
c Use the Draine 1978 field, for a semi-infinite slab we have to use half
c the requested value, so the actual value
c they want for the model is actually twice the value below
table draine 50000
c insure that no H-ionizing radiation strikes cloud
extinguish 24
c
c hydrogen density
hden 5.5
c
c other commands for details =========
atom h2
failures 3
c use leiden initialization file
init file="pdr_leiden.ini"
c This command defines the grain temperature to be a constant 20 Kelvin
constant grain temperature 20
c This sets the temperature to a constant 50 Kelvin
constant temperature 50 linear
c
c commands controlling output =========
punch overview "h2_pdr_leiden_f4.ovr"
punch leiden lines "h2_pdr_leiden_f4.lin"
punch leiden "h2_pdr_leiden_f4.lei"
punch dr "h2_pdr_leiden_f4.dr"
punch grain physical conditions "h2_pdr_leiden_f4.grn"
punch H2 lines "h2_pdr_leiden_f4.h2lin" all
punch H2 column density "h2_pdr_leiden_f4.h2col"
punch H2 populations matrix zone "h2_pdr_leiden_f4.pop"
punch H2 solomon "h2_pdr_leiden_f4.sol"
punch H2 destruction "h2_pdr_leiden_f4.H2d"
punch H2 creation "h2_pdr_leiden_f4.H2c"
c
c
c h2_pdr_leiden_f4.in
c class pdr
c ========================================
c
h2_pdr_leiden_hack_f1.in low density low flux model 1 as defined in e-mail
title low density low flux model 1 as defined in e-mail
atom h2
c
c commands controlling continuum =========
c Use the Draine 1978 field, for a semi-infinite slab we have to use half
c the requested value, so the actual value
c they want for the model is actually twice the value below
table draine 5
c insure that no H-ionizing radiation strikes cloud
extinguish 24
c
c commands for density & abundances =========
c hydrogen density
hden 3.
grains ism 1.16
c
c commands controlling geometry =========
c
c other commands for details =========
failures 3
c use leiden initialization file
init file="pdr_leiden_hack.ini"
c This command defines the grain temperature to be a constant 20 Kelvin
constant grain temperature 20
c This sets the temperature to a constant 50 Kelvin
constant temperature 50 linear
c
c commands controlling output =========
punch leiden lines "h2_pdr_leiden_hack_f1.lin"
punch leiden "h2_pdr_leiden_hack_f1.lei"
punch dr "h2_pdr_leiden_hack_f1.dr"
punch grain physical conditions "h2_pdr_leiden_hack_f1.grn"
punch overview "h2_pdr_leiden_hack_f1.ovr"
c
punch H2 lines "h2_pdr_leiden_hack_f1.h2lin"
punch H2 column density "h2_pdr_leiden_hack_f1.h2col"
punch H2 populations matrix zone "h2_pdr_leiden_hack_f1.pop"
c
c h2_pdr_leiden_hack_f1.in
c class pdr
c ========================================
c
h2_pdr_leiden_v1.in model 5 as defined in e-mail
title model 5 as defined in e-mail
c
c commands controlling continuum =========
c Use the Draine 1978 field, for a semi-infinite slab we have to use half
c the requested value, so the actual value
c is half the requested value
c they want for the model is actually twice the value below
table draine 5
c insure that no H-ionizing radiation strikes cloud
extinguish 24
c
c commands for density & abundances =========
c hydrogen density
hden 3.
grains ism 1.16 no qheat
c add PAHs
grains PAH no qheat 3 function
atom h2
c
c commands controlling geometry =========
c
c other commands for details =========
failures 3
c use leiden initialization file
init file="pdr_leiden.ini"
c
c commands controlling output =========
punch overview "h2_pdr_leiden_v1.ovr"
punch leiden lines "h2_pdr_leiden_v1.lin"
punch leiden "h2_pdr_leiden_v1.lei"
punch dr "h2_pdr_leiden_v1.dr"
punch grain dust temperature "h2_pdr_leiden_v1.grn"
punch H2 destruction "h2_pdr_leiden_v1.H2d"
punch H2 creation "h2_pdr_leiden_v1.H2c"
c
c
c
c
c h2_pdr_leiden_v1.in
c class pdr
c ========================================
c
h2_pdr_leiden_v2.in model 6 as defined in e-mail
title model 6 as defined in e-mail
c
c commands controlling continuum =========
c Use the Draine 1978 field, for a semi-infinite slab we have to use half
c the requested value, so the actual value
c they want for the model is actually twice the value below
table draine 50000
c insure that no H-ionizing radiation strikes cloud
extinguish 24
c
c commands for density & abundances =========
c add PAHs and grains
grains PAH no qheat 3 function
grains ism 1.16 no qheat
c hydrogen density
hden 3.
c
c commands controlling geometry =========
c
c other commands for details =========
atom h2
failures 3
c use leiden initialization file
init file="pdr_leiden.ini"
c
c commands controlling output =========
punch overview "h2_pdr_leiden_v2.ovr"
punch leiden lines "h2_pdr_leiden_v2.lin"
punch leiden "h2_pdr_leiden_v2.lei"
punch dr "h2_pdr_leiden_v2.dr"
punch grain dust temperature "h2_pdr_leiden_v2.grn"
punch H2 destruction "h2_pdr_leiden_v2.H2d"
punch H2 creation "h2_pdr_leiden_v2.H2c"
c
c
c h2_pdr_leiden_v2.in
c class pdr
c ========================================
c
h2_pdr_leiden_v3.in model 7 as defined in e-mail
title model 7 as defined in e-mail
c
c commands controlling continuum =========
c Use the Draine 1978 field, for a semi-infinite slab we have to use half
c the requested value, so the actual value
c they want for the model is actually twice the value below
table draine 5
c insure that no H-ionizing radiation strikes cloud
extinguish 24
c
c commands for density & abundances =========
c add PAHs and grains
grains PAH no qheat 3 function
grains ism 1.16 no qheat
c hydrogen density
hden 5.5
c
c commands controlling geometry =========
c
c other commands for details =========
atom h2
failures 3
c use leiden initialization file
init file="pdr_leiden.ini"
c
c commands controlling output =========
punch overview "h2_pdr_leiden_v3.ovr"
punch leiden lines "h2_pdr_leiden_v3.lin"
punch leiden "h2_pdr_leiden_v3.lei"
punch dr "h2_pdr_leiden_v3.dr"
punch grain dust temperature "h2_pdr_leiden_v3.grn"
punch heating "h2_pdr_leiden_v3.het"
punch cooling "h2_pdr_leiden_v3.col"
punch molecules "h2_pdr_leiden_v3.mol"
punch H2 destruction "h2_pdr_leiden_v3.H2d"
punch H2 creation "h2_pdr_leiden_v3.H2c"
c
c
c h2_pdr_leiden_v3.in
c class pdr
c ========================================
c
h2_pdr_leiden_v4.in model 8 as defined in e-mail
title model 8 as defined in e-mail
c
c commands controlling continuum =========
c Use the Draine 1978 field, for a semi-infinite slab we have to use half
c the requested value, so the actual value
c they want for the model is actually twice the value below
table draine 50000
c insure that no H-ionizing radiation strikes cloud
extinguish 24
c
c commands for density & abundances =========
grains PAH no qheat 3 function
grains ism 1.16 no qheat
c hydrogen density
hden 5.5
c
c commands controlling geometry =========
c
c other commands for details =========
failures 3
c use leiden initialization file
init file="pdr_leiden.ini"
atom h2
c
c commands controlling output =========
punch overview "h2_pdr_leiden_v4.ovr"
punch leiden lines "h2_pdr_leiden_v4.lin"
punch leiden "h2_pdr_leiden_v4.lei"
punch dr "h2_pdr_leiden_v4.dr"
punch grain dust temperature "h2_pdr_leiden_v4.grn"
punch H2 destruction "h2_pdr_leiden_v4.H2d"
punch H2 creation "h2_pdr_leiden_v4.H2c"
c
c
c h2_pdr_leiden_v4.in
c class pdr
c ========================================
c
h2_th85orion.in Tielens and Hollenbach pdr model with orion grains, Table 2, paper b
title Tielens and Hollenbach pdr model with orion grains, Table 2, paper b
failures 3
c
print line sort intensity
print line column
iterate
c
c cosmic background
background
cosmic rays, background
c
set nend 2000
c simulate effects of gas we do not model
double
c
c first continuum is FIR hot grain continuum produced in
c unmodeled HII Region
blackbody, t=75K
intensity 2.7 (total)
c
c this is the attenuated hot stellar continuum
black 30000
intensity 2.204 range 0.4412 to 1 Ryd
c
c this will remove all ionizing radiation
extinguish 24 0
c
hden 5.362
grains orion
grains PAH
atom h2
init file="ism.ini"
abundances he -1.01 c -3.52 n-8 o-3.30 ne-8 mg-5.89
continue si -6.10 s -5.10 cl-7 ar-8 fe -6.60
turbulence 2.7 km/sec
normalize to "C 2" 157.6m
sphere
case b
cosmic rays, background
c this should be the one actually used
stop AV 33.2
c stop when gas is fully neutral
stop efrac -10
c stop when gas is cold
stop temperature 10 linear
c stop at thickness so that would make results very
c detail dependent
stop thickness 19
c uv lines are strongly pumped by stellar continuum, break out contribution
print line pump
print line optical depths
print ages
punch overview last "h2_th85orion.ovr" no hash
punch pdr last "h2_th85orion.pdr"
punch molecules last "h2_th85orion.mol"
punch dr "h2_th85orion.dr"
punch hydrogen physical conditions last "h2_th85orion.hyd"
punch results last "h2_th85orion.rlt"
punch continuum units microns last "h2_th85orion.con"
punch fine conti unit last micron "h2_th85orion_con.fin" range 0.7 1. skip 2
* punch fine opaci unit micron "h2_th85orion_opc.fin" range 0.7 1. skip 2
punch heating last "h2_th85orion.het"
punch cooling last "h2_th85orion.col"
punch hydrogen 21 cm last "h2_th85orion.21cm"
punch H2 destruction "h2_th85orion.H2d"
punch H2 creation "h2_th85orion.H2c"
c
c
c h2_th85orion.in
This is the Tielens and Hollenbach (1985a, b) standard model of
the Orion photodissociation region (PDR). Specifically,
this is my attempt at their Table 2 of paper 2, ApJ 291, p749.
The case b command appears because the Lyman lines are
vastly optically thick in this environment.
If the command is removed the Lyman lines will be optically thin,
which will result in fast fluorescent excitation of the
(nearly totally neutral) hydrogen atom.
// >>refer model pdr Tielens, A. G. G. M., & Hollenbach, D. 1985a, ApJ, 291, 722
// >>refer model pdr Tielens, A. G. G. M., & Hollenbach, D. 1985b, ApJ, 291, 746
m17_P07.in Pellegrini et al 2008 model for M17
title Pellegrini et al 2008 model for M17
c a brief description of its purpose
c
c commands controlling incident radiation field =========
c these give the shape and intensity
brems 8,500,000K
luminosity 33.5 range 7.35 to 176 Ryd
table star CoStar, 47,490K
Q(h) 49.63
table star CoStar, 45,335K
Q(h) 49.47
table star CoStar, 43,151K
Q(h) 49.30
table star CoStar, 41,209K
Q(h) 49.18
table star CoStar, 39,084K
Q(h) 49.08
table star CoStar, 36,982K
Q(h) 48.81
table star atlas, 34,914K
Q(h) 48.97
table star atlas,27,700K
absolute bolometric magnitude -8.5
table star atlas, 23,700K
absolute bolometric magnitude -7.5
table star atlas, 20,350K
absolute bolometric magnitude -6.6
table star atlas, 17,050
absolute bolometric magnitude -6.3
c
c commands for density & abundances =========
hden 2.065
abundances H II region no qheat no grains
grains PAH 10
grains orion 1
element Helium abundance -0.98
element Carbon abundance -4.14
element Nitrogen abundance -4.2
element Oxygen abundance -3.47
element Neon abundance -4.4
element Sulphur abundance -5.06
element Chlorine abundance -6.88
element Argon abundance -5.64
element Iron abundance -5.5
c these are to speed things up a bit
element limit off -6.9
c
c commands controlling geometry =========
radius 0.35355 linear parsecs
c the observed extinction along this sight line
stop Av extended 6.36
c do not want to stop at too small a depth due to low temperature
stop temperature off
c magnetostatic equilibrium
constant pressure
sphere
c
c other commands for details =========
magnetic field tangled -4.3125 2
turbulence 3km/s
iterate
cosmic rays background 2.5
c
c commands controlling output =========
punch lines emissivity last "m17_P07.ems"
H 1 6563
S 2 6720
12CO 1294m
12CO 2589m
12CO 863.0m
12CO 369.8m
C 2 157.6m
C 1 369.7m
C 1 609.2m
O 1 63.17m
O 1 145.5m
Si 2 34.81m
end of line
print line sort wavelength
punch overview last "m17_p07.ovr"
punch hydrogen 21 CM last "m17_p07.h21"
punch pressure last "m17_p07.pre"
punch molecules last "m17_p07.mol"
punch heating last "m17_p07.het"
punch cooling last "m17_p07.col"
punch continuum last "m17_p07.con" units microns
c
c
c m17_P07.in
c class hii pdr
c ========================================
c
This is the magnetostatic model of the M17 H+ / H0 / H2 region
presented in Pellegrini et al. 2007, ApJ, 658, 1119


Our Pharmacy was established in 1920 to serve you.
OTC Products, Medications for medical conditions,Prescription Refill request
brings you a wide variety of pharmacy products and services.
is one of the new york's most trusted pharmacies. you can find the best healthcare products and services from our store. we stock a wide selection of trusted and cost friendly over the counter medicines, vitamins, and prescription drugs. if you are on a budget, we offer generic plans at a fraction of the cost of branded medications. we also make it easy for you to manage your prescriptions. our pharmacy offers quick and easy prescription refills. visit our pharmacy soon! you will be welcomed by friendly staff and helpful pharmacists. you can call us with questions at


Dance Dance Convolution
Instructions
- Install Stepmania 5
- Create stepchart for an audio file using above form
- Extract .zip to "Songs" directory in StepMania 5 install folder. ("C:\Program Files (x86)\StepMania 5\Songs" on Windows)
- Restart Stepmania or select "Reload Songs/Courses" under "Options"
Feedback
FAQ
How does this work?
Dance Dance Convolution (DDC) uses two neural networks to create step charts. One network predicts timing of the steps from the audio and another network creates sequences of arrows from the timings. You can read more details in the paper (pdf).
Why is everything at 125BPM?
The network that predicts step timings has no concept of rhythm or tempo. It simply answers the following question 100 times a second: should there be a step here? We map these to step charts by creating measures with 192 steps at 125BPM. We will release a script soon allowing you to manually set the tempo/offset of a chart to clean things up a little. For now, turn off colored note skins to avoid confusion.
What kind of music does it work for?
DDC will produce a step chart for any kind of music but it works best for electronic or highly percussive music. The most interesting charts are produced by music that has significant rhythmic variety.
Will I get a different chart if I upload the same song twice?
Yes. The timings and number of steps will be the same but the sequence will be completely different.
Why do the lower difficulties not work as well?
It turns out that lower difficulty step charts are harder to learn! This will hopefully be improved in future versions.
Who made this?
A group of researchers from the University of California, San Diego. Please send us feedback on your experience using the above form! Feedback will be used to improve future versions of Dance Dance Convolution.
Acknowledgements
Thanks to
Fraxtil whose
step charts were used to train the neural network models for this demo. Thanks to
DeepX for hosting. This work used the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation grant number ACI-1053575.


What used to happen before ?
Currently we have 5700+ users along with 680+ custom users. This means we need to retrieve submissions of 6380+ users from all the 6 profile sites (CodeChef, CodeForces, Spoj, HackerRank, HackerEarth, UVa).
Total requests every 24 hours = 6380 * 6 = 38280
Note: This number is actually larger than this as most of the websites have pagination and we need to make extra requests to get all the submissions. Along with these requests other processing power is required to parse the submission details from the page html received followed by entering these details into the StopStalk
submission table.
There are also a few optimizations to reduce the computation -
last_retrieved optimization
There is a great optimization here which involves storing a
last_retrieved for every site profile of every user which indicates what was the last timestamp the submissions from that site were retrieved. This helps in the next day's retrieval and breaking out from the processing of submissions once we hit a timestamp lesser than the
last_retrieved value.
Invalid handles optimization
We also store invalid handles entered by users and once found that the handle does not exist on the site we store it in
invalid_handles table and skip the subsequent retrievals for these handles to avoid unnecessary 404s. These handles are checked regularly so as to consider the cases when the user actually registers on the site with this handle which didn't exist before.
Even with these optimizations the time taken to completely retrieve the submissions for all the users across all the profile sites is about 8 hours which is tremendously huge. This time is directly proportional to the number of users implying as the user base increases we need a better optimization to serve the purpose.
New Heuristic approach
Insights to the logs of every day submission retrieval reveiled an interesting fact - why should crawling happen for every site for every user. Putting some manual input to the system explains the fact that a user wouldn't submit on every site every day. Even when a user has registered across sites it is practically not possible that he/she will submit on all the websites every day.
How do we capture this information and build an algorithm around it to reduce the number of requests everyday ?
We store a delay corresponding to every user every profile site whose default value is
0. Now we will use this
<site>_delay value along with the
<site>_lr (site last retrieved) to come up with a delayed retrieval procedure.
Let's have a look at the pseudocode -
// user_record is the record object of a specific user
ALL_SITES = ["CodeChef", "CodeForces", "SPOJ", "HackerRank", "HackerEarth", "UVa"]
for site in ALL_SITES
site_delay = user_record[site + "_delay"]
site_lr = user_record[site + "_last_retrieved"]
if site_delay / 5 + 1 + site_lr.date > today.date
// Skip the retrieval today
continue
else
// Get how many new submissions were retrieved
submission_count = retrieve_submissions(user_object[site + "_handle"], site_lr)
if submission_count == 0
// No submissions made for site and hence increment delay
site_delay += 1
else
// Reset the delay as user is active today
site_delay = 0
// Update site last retrieved, regardless of whether we actually retrieved something.
site_lr.date = today.date
Let's see it in action:
Say, we fetched details of one user yesterday (date.today - site_lr.date = 1) and the delay is 0 implying: 0 / 5 + 1 + site_lr.date would be equal to today's date, Therefore we will not skip this user and proceed to retrieve his submissions. Now if the user didn't submit today, we increment the delay by 1 and update site_lr.date to today's date.
Dry running this further we understand that until the delay value is 5 we would be retrieving submissions every day (Because the difference between site_lr.date and date.today will always remain 1).
Once the value is 5, we get 1 + 1 + site_lr.date > today's date, therefore we will skip this user today (i.e. we won't retrieve submissions and won't update site_lr.date). Now, the next day we will try to retrieve the user's submissions. If he has some submissions, we will reset the site_delay (and update site_lr.date) and go back to our initial state. In case, the user still hasn't made a submission we increment site_delay to 6 (and update site_lr.date). You can observe that we start retrieving the submissions on alternate days as the delay value goes from 5 to 9.
As the value reaches 10, we start retrieving every third day - and this proceeds accordingly unless the user submits a problem on the site after which the cycle resets and the process is repeated for every site profile.
Code in action -
Link
Are we penalizing rare submitting programmers ?
Certainly not. We understand that there might be cases when user submits to a site when there is an interesting contest on the site. The user's can click on the "Retrieve my submissions" on the profile page and we will retrieve the submissions within 5 minutes. Not only this, we will also reset all the site_delay values to 0 :)


Is a social coding portal helping the collaboration of distributed across space and time people to work on common projects.
The Wiki holds its nuts and bolts, forwarding now...


circos.genomicLines.Rd
Add lines to a plotting region, specifically for genomic graphics
circos.genomicLines( region, value, numeric.column = NULL, sector.index = get.current.sector.index(), track.index = get.current.track.index(), posTransform = NULL, col = ifelse(area, "grey", "black"), lwd = par("lwd"), lty = par("lty"), type = "l", area = FALSE, area.baseline = NULL, border = "black", baseline = "bottom", pt.col = par("col"), cex = par("cex"), pch = par("pch"), ...)
| region | A data frame contains 2 column which correspond to start positions and end positions. |
|---|---|
| value | A data frame contains values and other information. |
| numeric.column | Which column in |
| sector.index | Index of sector. |
| track.index | Index of track. |
| posTransform | Self-defined function to transform genomic positions, see |
| col | col of lines/areas. If there are more than one numeric column, the length of |
| lwd | Settings are similar as |
| lty | Settings are similar as |
| type | There is an additional option |
| area | Settings are similar as |
| area.baseline | Deprecated, use |
| baseline | Settings are similar as |
| border | Settings are similar as |
| pt.col | Settings are similar as |
| cex | Settings are similar as |
| pch | Settings are similar as |
| ... | Mysterious parameters. |
The function is a low-level graphical function and usually is put in panel.fun
when using circos.genomicTrack
.
The function behaviours differently from different formats of input, see the examples in the "Examples" Section or go to https://jokergoo.github.io/circlize_book/book/modes-of-input.html for more details.
# \donttest{ ### test bed circos.par("track.height" = 0.1) circos.initializeWithIdeogram(plotType = NULL)bed = generateRandomBed(nr = 100) circos.genomicTrack(bed, panel.fun = function(region, value, ...) { circos.genomicLines(region, value, type = "l", ...) })bed1 = generateRandomBed(nr = 100) bed2 = generateRandomBed(nr = 100) bed_list = list(bed1, bed2) circos.genomicTrack(bed_list, panel.fun = function(region, value, ...) { i = getI(...) circos.genomicLines(region, value, col = i, ...) })circos.genomicTrack(bed_list, stack = TRUE, panel.fun = function(region, value, ...) { i = getI(...) circos.genomicLines(region, value, col = i, ...) })bed = generateRandomBed(nr = 100, nc = 4) circos.genomicTrack(bed, panel.fun = function(region, value, ...) { circos.genomicLines(region, value, col = 1:4, ...) })circos.genomicTrack(bed, stack = TRUE, panel.fun = function(region, value, ...) { i = getI(...) circos.genomicLines(region, value, col = i, ...) })bed = generateRandomBed(nr = 100) circos.genomicTrack(bed, panel.fun = function(region, value, ...) { circos.genomicLines(region, value, type = "segment", lwd = 2, ...) })circos.clear() # }


Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
30 mins to 1 hour
Serves
Serves 2
Hake is a member of the cod family and has a similar flakey texture. James cooks his en papillote and serves it with a luxurious sauce.
Preheat the oven to 200C/180C Fan/400F.
For the hake, butter two large pieces of greaseproof paper and put a hake fillet in the centre of each. Place on a baking tray and bake for 8-10 minutes, or until the fish is cooked.
For the seafood and saffron sauce, discard any mussels and cockles that don't close when sharply tapped. Bring the white wine to the boil in a large saucepan. Add the cockles and mussels and cover with a lid. Cook for 2-3 minutes over a high heat.
When the shells have opened, drain the shellfish, reserving the cooking liquor. Discard any clams or mussels that have not opened. Pick the meat from the shells.
Heat a frying pan and add half the butter. Fry the shallot until soft, add the reserved shellfish liquor then cook until the volume of the liquid is reduced by half. Add the cream and saffron and reduce again. Stir in the remaining butter in small pieces until the sauce thickens. Stir the langoustine tails, tomatoes and chopped herbs into the sauce to heat through.
Heat a large saucepan of boiling water and blanch the samphire for 1-2 minutes, then drain. Melt the butter in a separate frying pan and fry the samphire for 1-2 minutes.
To serve, divide the samphire between two serving bowls and top with the cooked hake. Pour the sauce over the top and garnish with the micro herbs and caviar.


Susan Granger's review of "A SOLDIER'S DAUGHTER NEVER CRIES" (October Films)
Kaylie Jones writes about what she knows. In this fictionalized autobiography, the daughter of James Jones, who wrote "From Here to Eternity y" and "The Thin Red Line," details what it was like to grow up bilingual in the late '60s and '70s in Paris, inhabiting two disparate cultures yet not totally comfortable in either. Her expatriate parents were obviously conflicted about America and France, and they passed that ambivalence on to their children. There's the adolescent girl (Leelee Sobieski), her novelist father (Kris Kristofferson), free-spirited mother (Barbara Hershey), and adopted French brother (Jesse Bradford). Plus her best friend (Anthony Roth Costanzo), an artistic, sensitive soul who sings opera in a lilting soprano. Then, when her father's heart disease propels a move to Long Island, there's a whole new set of emotional conflicts as she comes-of-age in a sexually liberal, unrepressed home. Curiously, it's the idiosyn= cratic, anecdotal story, adapted by James Ivory and Ruth Prawer Jhabvala,not the acting performances, that distinguishes this Merchant-Ivory film. Kaylie Jones's enduring, unbridled homage to the memory of her father presents him as a tender, doting, understanding paragon of loving, paternal qualities. James Jones becomes the father every girl wishes she had. And cinematographer Jean-Marc Fabre captures this wistful, nostalgic mood on film. The conclusion, however, is enigmatic and problematic; given her = disturbed brother's troubled background, it's just not credible that he would not read his mother's diary which his sister holds for him. Nevertheless, on the Granger Movie Gauge of 1 to 10, "A Soldier's Daughter Never Cries" is a subtle, delicately etched, poignant 7, a devoted "Daddy Dearest" for the art house crowd.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Click on buttons to see the bug
Open scrollbar bug
Open style bug
menu
menu
Scrollbar bug
Scrollbar can disalign origin
Style bug
Transform attributte can disalign origin


WITNESS LIST Annexation (Interim) Committee November 19, 1997-3:00P Annexation For: Alan Rendl (Spirit of 1960), Houston Don Roesh (himself), Woodlands George Pangborn (Mont. Cnty Forest Land), Spring John Harris (Kingwood Annex Strategy), Kingwood Marie Wilkinson (AJAC), Humble Mike Fuhre,Fire Chief (Kingwood Volunteer Fire), Kingwood Mike Legoudes (Kingwood EMS), Kingwood Owen Parker (AJAC), Atascocita Against: Dr. Tom Jenkins (Assn of Water Board Dir), Spring Joseph Benham (himself), Kingwood June Wiggins (Cypress Creek Civic Asn), Houston Peggy Hausman (WCA), Woodlands Ronald Reardon (himself), Houston William Burban (Pro-Life), Porter On: Alan Sadler, Judge (Montgomery County), Conroe Chuck Hinton (Woodlands Powers Agency), Woodlands Harrold Wallace (himself), Houston Jeff Watts (himself), Kingwood Jerry Eversole (County Commissioner), Houston Jim Watters (himself), Kingwood Joel Deretchin (Woodlands Operating Co), Woodlands John Bramlett,Dir.Op. (City of Magnolia), Magnolia Kevin Brady,Congressman (himself), Washington Mike Byers,President (Humble Area Chamber), Kingwood Nelda Blair (Woodlands Chamber of C), Woodlands Randy Kimler,City Mngr. (City of Port Neches), Port Neches Rick Perry,Commissioner (himself), Austin Robert Eckels (himself), Houston Sonya Bernhardt (Citizens for Anx Rfrm), Woodlands Virgil Yoakum (Woodlands Association), Woodlands Registering, but not testifying: For: Donald David (AJAC), Humble Jack Candler (Spirit of 1960), Spring Robert Naremore (Spirit of 1960), Spring Against: Bernard Ekstrom (himself), Kingwood Brenda Bettis (herself), Houston Derek Lattair (himself), Springs Donald Albers (himself), Woodlands Duane Fritz (Spirit of 1960), Houston George Klenk (himself), Woodlands Gladys Smallwood (herself), Woodlands Herbert Maier (himself), Conroe Jane Barron (herself), Kingwood Jay Russell (himself), Kingwood Joseph Mueller (himself), Woodlands Lawrence Homer (Settlers Course Townhm), Woodlands Les Tarrance, Sr. (himself), Woodlands Lois Oldenburg (himself), Kingwood Marilyn Taylor (herself), Kingwood Montgomery Cnty WCID #1 (themselves), Woodlands Muriel Mueller (herself), Woodlands R.H. Smallwood (himself), Woodlands Raymond Anderson, Jr. (himself), Kingwood Ron Hinge (himself), Houston Stan Watkins (himself), Woodlands Susan Vaelker (herself), Kingwood Tim Krienke (himself), Springs Verna Ekstrom (herself), Kingwood Violet Russell (herself), Kingwood On: Curtis Cook (ARFP & EMS), Houston Faith Kelly (herself), Kingwood J. W. Streidle (Sprit of 1960), Houston Jo Konen (Spirit of 1960), Spring Juian Thobe (himself), Kingwood Kathryn Shillock (Spirit of 1960), Houston Linda Runyon (herself), Woodlands Robert Wollebak (himself), Woodlands Ron Welch (himself), Houston Rosemary Wollebak (herself), Woodlands Russell Schutt (himself), Woodlands


Before Change
idx = _df.index.tolist()
indices += idx[:-1] // One line from two points
x = [pinfo["x"][i] for i in idx]
y = [pinfo["y"][i] for i in idx]
segments.append(make_line_segments(x, y, ispath=True))
segments = np.vstack(segments)
After Change
Draw independent line segments between all the
points
color = to_rgba(data["color"], data["alpha"])
// All we do is line-up all the points in a group
// into segments, all in a single list.
// Along the way the other parameters are put in
// sequences accordingly


class USB_VCP – USB virtual comm port¶
The USB_VCP class allows creation of a stream-like object representing the USB virtual comm port. It can be used to read and write data over USB to the connected host.
Constructors¶
-
class
pyb.
USB_VCP
(id=0)¶ Create a new USB_VCP object. The id argument specifies which USB VCP port to use.
Methods¶
-
USB_VCP.
init
(*, flow=-1)¶ Configure the USB VCP port. If the flow argument is not -1 then the value sets the flow control, which can be a bitwise-or of
USB_VCP.RTS
andUSB_VCP.CTS
. RTS is used to control read behaviour and CTS, to control write behaviour.
-
USB_VCP.
setinterrupt
(chr)¶ Set the character which interrupts running Python code. This is set to 3 (CTRL-C) by default, and when a CTRL-C character is received over the USB VCP port, a KeyboardInterrupt exception is raised.
Set to -1 to disable this interrupt feature. This is useful when you want to send raw bytes over the USB VCP port.
-
USB_VCP.
isconnected
()¶ Return
True
if USB is connected as a serial device, elseFalse
.
-
USB_VCP.
any
()¶ Return
True
if any characters waiting, elseFalse
.
-
USB_VCP.
close
()¶ This method does nothing. It exists so the USB_VCP object can act as a file.
-
USB_VCP.
read
([nbytes])¶ Read at most
nbytes
from the serial device and return them as a bytes object. Ifnbytes
is not specified then the method reads all available bytes from the serial device. USB_VCP stream implicitly works in non-blocking mode, so if no pending data available, this method will return immediately withNone
value.
-
USB_VCP.
readinto
(buf[, maxlen])¶ Read bytes from the serial device and store them into
buf
, which should be a buffer-like object. At mostlen(buf)
bytes are read. Ifmaxlen
is given and then at mostmin(maxlen, len(buf))
bytes are read.Returns the number of bytes read and stored into
buf
orNone
if no pending data available.
-
USB_VCP.
readline
()¶ Read a whole line from the serial device.
Returns a bytes object containing the data, including the trailing newline character or
None
if no pending data available.
-
USB_VCP.
readlines
()¶ Read as much data as possible from the serial device, breaking it into lines.
Returns a list of bytes objects, each object being one of the lines. Each line will include the newline character.
-
USB_VCP.
write
(buf)¶ Write the bytes from
buf
to the serial device.Returns the number of bytes written.
-
USB_VCP.
recv
(data, *, timeout=5000)¶ Receive data on the bus:
data
can be an integer, which is the number of bytes to receive, or a mutable buffer, which will be filled with received bytes.timeout
is the timeout in milliseconds to wait for the receive.
Return value: if
data
is an integer then a new buffer of the bytes received, otherwise the number of bytes read intodata
is returned.
-
USB_VCP.
send
(data, *, timeout=5000)¶ Send data over the USB VCP:
data
is the data to send (an integer to send, or a buffer object).timeout
is the timeout in milliseconds to wait for the send.
Return value: number of bytes sent.


"WISE MEN "mentioned in Daniel 2:12 included three classes, (1) astrologers, (2) Chaldeans, and (3) soothsayers. The word in the original(hakamim) probably means “medicine men. In Chaldea medicine was only a branch of magic. The “wise men” of Matthew 2:7, who came from the East to Jerusalem, were magi from Persia or Arabia.
"WISE MEN "mentioned in Daniel 2:12 included three classes, (1) astrologers, (2) Chaldeans, and (3) soothsayers. The word in the original(hakamim) probably means “medicine men. In Chaldea medicine was only a branch of magic. The “wise men” of Matthew 2:7, who came from the East to Jerusalem, were magi from Persia or Arabia.


 When a person goes to a web page like www.google.com, their computer sends a HTTP Request to a server.
The server finds the appropriate HTML document and sends it back to the user's computer where a web browser interprets the page and displays it on the user's screen. This video does a good job of explaining more.
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. HTML documents form the majority of content on the world wide web.
HTML documents contain text content which describe "what you see" and markup which describes how it looks. This video gives a good overview.
HTML documents are made of HTML elements. When writing HTML, we tell browsers the type of each element by using a tag. This video explains the distinction well.
 This makes them very unforgiving as even the smallest mistake can cause a problem for a program.
HTML elements are either inline or block. Block elements form an "invisible block around the content inside of them.
There are many different tools developers use when writing code for a browser. Among them is Sublime, a program which allows developers to write their code and then open it in a browser to view their work. There are many websites and programs like Sublime, and all will serve the same purpose.
The "tree-like" structure comes from the layout in which HTML elements can have other elements wrapped inside of them. You can envision this relationship like a family tree. Your father had multiple children, so did his father, and so on and so forth.
In a browser, this relationship shows up as a series of nested boxes. This essentially means there are boxes within boxes within boxes, and so on.
When you read an HTML document as text, you see a wave of changing indentations going up and down the left side of the document. The more indented an element is, the more deeply nested its corresponding "box" is.
As discussed earlier, when writing code, programmers use special text editors (like Sublime). These editors make the programmers life easier. For example, some editors will automatically generate a closing tag after an opening one.
Avoiding Errors: When programmers don't avoid repetition, they will often have to do the same thing over and over. This may mean copy and pasting certain style attributes into many HTML elements or rewriting the same code (sometimes with minor differences) many times. This can lead to errors when the programmer decides to make a change to something. If they don't dilligently make that same change everywhere the repeated code appears, problems will arise.
Consistency: In this web page, I wanted every lesson to look the same. Instead of manually giving each one the same style, I was able to assign each lesson div the same class and then specify the style for that class in only one place! By avoiding repetion, it's now very easy for me to make changes to this style.
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets and they give programmers a way to control the style of related HTML elements. This is done by giving similar HTML elements the same class name and then specifying the style that should apply to that class.


Electron Photonkit Boilerplate
Built with custom tabs renderer
So you can only focus on building the app
Make use of the powerfull Fetch API to load pages and eval() to render javascript
- Supports rendering Javascript in the html pages
- Supports rendering CSS in the loaded Page
- Simple formart to follow
- Uses ES6 Javascript Promises
- Uses Photonkit to give you a desktop like experience


9 AMJump start your hackathon with coffee and breakfast bites while meeting potential teammates. Discuss ideas big and small or get started right away with your team to bring your idea to life!
11 AMDoors are officially open for the hackathon as speakers and City of Houston employees stream in to pitch additional ideas.
12 PMWelcome, announcements, and words of advice are shared in the main room. Additional ideas will be pitched. After this kick-off, we should be in teams and get to working on our projects!
12:30 PMLunch is served.
7 PMDinner is served.
10:30 PMLate-night snack is served.
12 AMThe building's doors will lock, but you may continue to stay to work. All that will change is if you step out, your teammates inside the building will need to come let you back in.
Sunday
7 AMThe building's doors will reopen.
7:30 AMGrab coffee and bagels from the food area.
11:30 AMLunch is served.
12 PMWhile you can continue working on the project and the presentation, the project form with project description and a link to the presentation must be submitted online by this time.
1 PMPresentations begin! Teams will take turns presenting their projects to fellow attendees, other people interested in the hackathon, and a panel of judges. Judges will deliberate and winners will be announced shortly after! Clean up will start when we're done.
4 PMThis is the end of the hackathon, but not the end of our projects. If you want to keep building your projects, come to our weekly hack nights to continue your work, or if needed, we can work with you to plan a hand-off of your project.
Join us at this free event, where we'll team up to tackle problems affecting the greater Houston public — such as traffic information, voter registration, or recycling programs, just to name a few.


{% include 'colorthestates/header.html' %}
You selected {% ifequal states|length 51 %}
all the states
{% else %} {% ifequal states|length 1 %}
{{states|join:", "}}
{% else %} these
{{states|length}} states:
>{{states|join:", "}}
{% endifequal %}{% endifequal %}
Not what you expected? Go back and pick new states.
What color?
Type in an HTML color code, or click in the box to use the color picker:
How light or dark?
Select an opacity between 0 (lightest) and 99 (darkest).
Update the map!
KML color code:
If you're happy with this map preview,
download the file.
To upload this file for use in
Google's MyMaps,
create or open a map, click the import tab, and browse to the downloaded file on your computer. A tutorial (not affiliated with PBS) is
here.
If you are selecting multiple states and they display on different pages in MyMaps, a workaround is
here.
{% include 'colorthestates/footer.html' %}
JSColor color picker
created by Jan Odvárko.


Rockview Road in Amanzimtoti opens
Next week a short stretch of Kingsway will be closed for two or three days.
by Earl BaillacheRockview Road, which was badly damaged by the April storm, was re-opened to traffic this morning (Friday, 22 November). Leomat site foreman, Brendan Roux said they decided to open the road in the morning to ensure any teething problems could be addressed before staff finished work at noon.
Next week a short stretch of Kingsway will be closed for two or three days, but the temporary access road will remain open to save motorists from an extended detour. The temporary road will then be dug up and all the rubble and equipment removed to allow the rehabilitation of the park to get underway.
Three drains from Boundary Lane into George Glendennen that were damaged by trucks were replaced with heavy duty drains.
DID YOU KNOW?
Click on the words highlighted in red to read more on this and related topics.
To receive news links via WhatsApp or Telegram, send an invite to<PHONE_NUMBER>
The South Coast Sun is also on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Pinterest – why not join us there?
Do you have more information pertaining to this story?
Feel free to let us know by commenting on our Facebook page or you can contact our newsroom on<PHONE_NUMBER> and speak to a journalist.


Line simplification
Tom Pearson November 2015
Simplified data
Original data
Tolerance: 3
A simplified path generator for D3. Remove points without losing much information. A drop in replacement for d3.svg.line with the added ability to specify a tolerance.
In the case above:
var simple = simplePath() .tolerance(3) .x(function(d){ return dateScale(d.date); }) .y(function(d){ return valueScale(d.value); })
Based on Simplify.js a tiny high-performance JavaScript polyline simplification library by Vladimir Agafonkin, extracted from Leaflet, a JS interactive maps library by the same author.
It uses a combination of Ramer-Douglas-Peucker and Radial Distance algorithms.


--- layout: home title: Hola! subtitle: This is where I talk about software development, life and everything in between. ---
I am a full stack engineer with 3+ years of experience. Currently working at Xgrid Inc. I believe that software development teams should value the wellbeing of their peers and users above anything else so that they can disrupt world markets by creating products that invoke paradigm shifts in industries by making people’s lives better.


|
| string | prompt = " ... Test: check default result_repository {}" |
| |
| string | absolute_path = "/Users/zhiyang/Documents/ricerca/risultati_sperimentali/std-cell-library-characterization" |
| |
| def utilities.configuration_manager_tester.config_manager_tester.test_configure_sw_application_parameters |
( |
| ) |
|
|
static |
========================================================= Method to test the methods that configure the software application's parameters.
- Parameters
-
- Returns
- - Nothing. O(1) method.
Definition at line 100 of file configuration_manager_tester.py.
def test_configure_sw_application_parameters()
========================================================= Method to test the methods that configure t...
| string utilities.configuration_manager_tester.config_manager_tester.absolute_path = "/Users/zhiyang/Documents/ricerca/risultati_sperimentali/std-cell-library-characterization" |
|
static |
| string utilities.configuration_manager_tester.config_manager_tester.prompt = " ... Test: check default result_repository {}" |
|
static |
Set "result_repository" to a relative path that is equivalent
absolute path, "absolute_path".
"result_repository" is changed to an relative path.
However, compare "result_repository" to the equivalent
absolute path.
This is because if a relative path is detected, it will be
transform/changed to an absolute path, before being
assigned to "result_repository".
Definition at line 105 of file configuration_manager_tester.py.
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:


Membership
How Do I Become A Member of NSBE?
- New Members: Create an account on
NSBE Account and enter all requested information.
Existing Members Log into your
NSBE Account, using your existing login credentials. If you do not know them,
use the password recovery tool provided on the website.
- While still logged into your NSBE Account, pay your Regional and National Membership dues ($18).
- Sign up for the UA NSBE Mailing List. Please subscribe with
an email address that you regularly check.
- Pay your Chapter Dues ($7) online (via PayPal) or seeing a UA NSBE officer.
The $25 will gives you a NSBE membership for an entire year.
Top of Page
What Are The Benefits of Being A NSBE Member?
- Discounts available through
various companies.
- Benefits include scholarships, grants, and leadership skills.
- Professional conferences across the region and nation.
- An addition to your resume that is well-known by top companies.
- Free Microsoft software provided through the
MSDN Academic Alliance.
Top of Page
What Are The Benefits of Being A UA NSBE Member?
- Access to the UA NSBE/MEP Test Bank. The Test Bank includes tests, homework assignments, and more
from past students that have taken the classes that you are currently taking or will have to take in
the future.
- Gain Community Service by helping tutor students at community schools and the local branch of
the YMCA.
Top of Page


Module instance
Instance
Functions
| Instance.new () | Creates a new Instance. |
| Instance:addEntity (e) | Adds an Entity to the Instance. |
| Instance:checkEntity (e) | Checks an Entity against all the systems in the Instance. |
| Instance:removeEntity (e) | Marks an Entity as removed from the Instance. |
| Instance:flush () | Completely removes all marked Entities in the Instance. |
| Instance:addSystem (system, eventName, callback, enabled) | Adds a System to the Instance. |
| Instance:enableSystem (system, eventName, callback) | Enables a System in the Instance. |
| Instance:disableSystem (system, eventName, callback) | Disables a System in the Instance. |
| Instance:setSystem (system, eventName, callback, enable) | Sets a System 'enable' in the Instance. |
| Instance:emit (eventName, ...) | Emits an Event in the Instance. |
| Instance:clear () | Removes all entities from the Instance |
| Instance:onEntityAdded (e) | Default callback for adding an Entity. |
| Instance:onEntityRemoved (e) | Default callback for removing an Entity. |
Functions
- Instance.new ()
-
Creates a new Instance.
Returns:
-
The new instance
- Instance:addEntity (e)
-
Adds an Entity to the Instance.
Parameters:
- e The Entity to add
Returns:
-
self
- Instance:checkEntity (e)
-
Checks an Entity against all the systems in the Instance.
Parameters:
- e The Entity to check
Returns:
-
self
- Instance:removeEntity (e)
-
Marks an Entity as removed from the Instance.
Parameters:
- e The Entity to mark
Returns:
-
self
- Instance:flush ()
-
Completely removes all marked Entities in the Instance.
Returns:
-
self
- Instance:addSystem (system, eventName, callback, enabled)
-
Adds a System to the Instance.
Parameters:
- system The System to add
- eventName The Event to register to
- callback The function name to call. Defaults to eventName
- enabled If the system is enabled. Defaults to true
Returns:
-
self
- Instance:enableSystem (system, eventName, callback)
-
Enables a System in the Instance.
Parameters:
- system The System to enable
- eventName The Event it was registered to
- callback The callback it was registered with. Defaults to eventName
Returns:
-
self
- Instance:disableSystem (system, eventName, callback)
-
Disables a System in the Instance.
Parameters:
- system The System to disable
- eventName The Event it was registered to
- callback The callback it was registered with. Defaults to eventName
Returns:
-
self
- Instance:setSystem (system, eventName, callback, enable)
-
Sets a System 'enable' in the Instance.
Parameters:
- system The System to set
- eventName The Event it was registered to
- callback The callback it was registered with. Defaults to eventName
- enable The state to set it to
Returns:
-
self
- Instance:emit (eventName, ...)
-
Emits an Event in the Instance.
Parameters:
- eventName The Event that should be emitted
- ... Parameters passed to listeners
Returns:
-
self
- Instance:clear ()
-
Removes all entities from the Instance
Returns:
-
self
- Instance:onEntityAdded (e)
-
Default callback for adding an Entity.
Parameters:
- e The Entity that was added
- Instance:onEntityRemoved (e)
-
Default callback for removing an Entity.
Parameters:
- e The Entity that was removed


When you deside to visit a city, you might have no idea where to start, or you might be traveling back and forth throughout the whole region and spending a lot of time on transportation. This website can help you filter multiple types of recreation that you are interested in, and find places that contain most of your interests. Those will be best destinations for you!
Type in your destination city in the search bar at the top on home page and get located on the map.
In "Maps" page, click on the sidebar to show/hide different types of recreation. Click "Add to favourite" to save the location
In "Favourites" page, hover over the image identified in the place that you've saved to locate it on the map.
Ready to start your journey? Save the place so you won't get lost!
Back To Top


Results for "{{searchProjects}}" in own projects:
| {{ownProject.projectName}} |
Results for "{{searchProjects}}" in collaborative projects:
| {{coopProject.projectName}} |
Presented by
Hans-Christian Lindner
Disclaimer
Accountability for contentPowered by:


Darwin Web Standards
- Darwin Web Standards June 2017 - Not the Wealthy Western Web
- Darwin Web Standards August 2019 - Variable Webfonts
- Darwin Web Standards March 2019 - What's wrong with Google Analytics
- Darwin Web Standards November 2018 - Scroll Snapping
- Darwin Web Standards March 2018 - A-Frame & WebVR
- Darwin Web Standards October 2017 - A remote intranet platform using Raspberry Pi


--- layout: default class: pesticide-usages css: [ 'css/spinner.css' ] js: [ 'js/search.js', 'js/combobutton.js', 'js/state-manager.js', 'js/pesticide-search.js' ] --- 搜尋


Northern Powergrid Future Energy Scenarios
Please select one of the following visualisations:
Emerging Thinking 2020
September 2020
Future Energy Scenarios 2019
December 2019


Home » Real Estate
Real Estate
Show
sorted by
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Displaying ads 1 through 2 of 2 total ads.
| Description | Listed On | ||
|---|---|---|---|
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1 bedroom shared facilities. 5 mins from area a and area b.... |
02/09/2020 | |
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Recently refurbished townhouse for rent. Excellent... |
02/10/2020 | |
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Copyright (c) 2001 Vincent Everaert
Under Pressure is played on a 5x5 hexagonal board with the following setup (Black has 26 stones offboard) :
|
- An isolated Black stone cannot move, it is
stalemated unless it can create a connection with a friendly soldier nearby.
- Black does not win the game if one of its soldiers reaches the border during a
jump and if capture is not over. The stone must continue its jump.
| An example Black moves to cell [1] and wins the game. White is forced to capture the other 3 Black stones, and drops one offboard stone at the edge, winning the game |
There is a ZRF to play Under Pressure with Zillions made by Vincent Everaert.


Hotspot Calculation API¶
The hotspots.calculation
handles the main Fragment Hotspot Maps algorithm. In addition, an alternative pocket burial method, Ghecom, is provided.
The main classes of the hotspots.calculation
module are:
- More information about the Fragment Hotspot Maps method is available from:
- Radoux, C.J. et. al., Identifying the Interactions that Determine Fragment Binding at Protein Hotspots J. Med. Chem. 2016, 59 (9), 4314-4325 [dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01980]
- More information about the Ghecom method is available from:
- Kawabata T, Go N. Detection of pockets on protein surfaces using small and large probe spheres to find putative ligand binding sites. Proteins 2007; 68: 516-529
-
class
hotspots.calculation.
Buriedness
(protein, out_grid, settings=None)[source]¶ Bases:
object
A class to handle the calculation of pocket burial
This provides a python interface for the command-line tool. Ghecom is available for download here!
NB: Currently this method is only available to linux users
Please ensure you have set the following environment variable:
>>> export GHECOM_EXE=<path_to_ghecom>
Parameters: - protein (ccdc.protein.Protein) – protein to submit for calculation
- out_grid (ccdc.utilities.Grid) – the output grid NB: must be initialised so that the bounding box covers the whole protein
- settings (hotspots.hotspot_calculation.Buriedness.Settings) –
-
class
Settings
(ghecom_executable=None, grid_spacing=0.5, radius_min_large_sphere=2.5, radius_max_large_sphere=9.5, mode='M')[source]¶ Bases:
object
A class to handle the buriedness calculation settings using ghecom
Parameters: - ghecom_executable (str) – path to ghecom executable NB: should now be set as environment variable
- grid_spacing (float) – spacing of the results grid. default = 0.5
- radius_min_large_sphere (float) – radius of the smallest sphere
- radius_max_large_sphere (float) – radius of the largest sphere
- mode (str) –
options
- ’D’ilation ‘E’rosion, ‘C’losing(molecular surface), ‘O’pening.
- ’P’ocket(masuya_doi),’p’ocket(kawabata_go),’V’:ca’V’ity, ‘e’roded pocket.
- ’M’ultiscale_closing/pocket,’I’nterface_pocket_bwn_two_chains.
- ’G’rid_comparison_binary ‘g’rid_comparison_mutiscale.
- ’R’ay-based lig site PSP/visibility calculation.
- ’L’igand-grid comparison (-ilg and -igA are required)[P]
-
class
hotspots.calculation.
Runner
(settings=None)[source]¶ Bases:
object
A class for running the Fragment Hotspot Map calculation
-
class
Settings
(nrotations=3000, apolar_translation_threshold=15, polar_translation_threshold=15, polar_contributions=False, return_probes=False, sphere_maps=False)[source]¶ Bases:
object
adjusts the default settings for the calculation
Parameters: - nrotations (int) – number of rotations (keep it below 10**6)
- apolar_translation_threshold (float) – translate probe to grid points above this threshold. Give lower values for greater sampling. Default 15
- polar_translation_threshold (float) – translate probe to grid points above this threshold. Give lower values for greater sampling. Default 15
- polar_contributions (bool) – allow carbon atoms of probes with polar atoms to contribute to the apolar output map.
- return_probes (bool) – Generate a sorted list of molecule objects, corresponding to probe poses
- sphere_maps (bool) – When setting the probe score on the output maps, set it for a sphere (radius 1.5) instead of a single point.
-
from_pdb
(pdb_code, charged_probes=False, probe_size=7, buriedness_method='ghecom', nprocesses=3, cavities=False, settings=None)[source]¶ generates a result from a pdb code
Parameters: - pdb_code (str) – PDB code
- charged_probes (bool) – If True include positive and negative probes
- probe_size (int) – Size of probe in number of heavy atoms (3-8 atoms)
- buriedness_method (str) – Either ‘ghecom’ or ‘ligsite’
- nprocesses (int) – number of CPU’s used
- settings (hotspots.calculation.Runner.Settings) – holds the calculation settings
Returns: a
hotspots.result.Result
instance>>> from hotspots.calculation import Runner
>>> runner = Runner() >>> runner.from_pdb("1hcl") Result()
-
from_protein
(protein, charged_probes=False, probe_size=7, buriedness_method='ghecom', cavities=None, nprocesses=1, settings=None, buriedness_grid=None)[source]¶ generates a result from a protein
Parameters: - protein – a
ccdc.protein.Protein
instance - charged_probes (bool) – If True include positive and negative probes
- probe_size (int) – Size of probe in number of heavy atoms (3-8 atoms)
- buriedness_method (str) – Either ‘ghecom’ or ‘ligsite’
- cavities – Coordinate or ccdc.cavity.Cavity or ccdc.molecule.Molecule or list specifying the cavity or cavities on which the calculation should be run
- nprocesses (int) – number of CPU’s used
- settings (hotspots.calculation.Runner.Settings) – holds the sampler settings
- buriedness_grid (ccdc.utilities.Grid) – pre-calculated buriedness grid
Returns: a
hotspots.result.Results
instance>>> from ccdc.protein import Protein >>> from hotspots.calculation import Runner
>>> protein = Protein.from_file(<path_to_protein>)
>>> runner = Runner() >>> settings = Runner.Settings() >>> settings.nrotations = 1000 # fewer rotations increase speed at the expense of accuracy >>> runner.from_protein(protein, nprocesses=3, settings=settings) Result()
- protein – a
-
class


Why Auto Lightbox
This lightweight plugin will automatically do everything for creating a simple (but not simpler) image light box to show image with caption. You have to do nothing to set tags or classes for each image. Just call:
AutoLightbox();in your jQuery code, with the selector whose images to be shown in light box.
For example, if you want to show your article images, the statement will be:
$("article").AutoLightbox();Then your article must have some images, i.e:

 ......some text.....  ......some text.....  ......some text.....

What's Happen Next
When you click on the image, this plugin will clone it and show in the light box. It will auto create the lightbox container, a close button, caption bar, dim over layer (optional) and some CSS styles to look awesome. It will also automatically detect caption (from alt text), for each image.
No need any extra HTML tag, CSS code or icon as it is created with the aim to keep you in rest.
Try it, test it and don't forget to Star it on GitHub .
Images with dim background effect off. check them, all captions are detected from alt text, if image has no alt attribute, then the default caption will be display.
Advance Implementation:
By default, "Auto Lightbox" is responsive, however, if you want to change its width or height you can update its settings in jQuery code, just like below:
$("article").AutoLightbox({ width: 320, height: 240 });
By default, dim background effect is on, if you want to turn it off, the statement is:
$("article").AutoLightbox({ dimBackground: false });


DB Photography
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Quickstart¶
SQLA-Wrapper makes incredibly easy to start using SQLAlchemy and readily extends for complex scenarios. For the complete guide, checkout out the API documentation on the SQLAlchemy
class.
pip install sqla_wrapper
The SQLAlchemy class is used to instantiate a SQLAlchemy connection to a database.
from sqla_wrapper import SQLAlchemy
db = SQLAlchemy(_uri_to_database_)
Once created, that object then contains all the functions and helpers from both sqlalchemy
and sqlalchemy.orm
. It also provides a class called Model that is a declarative base which can be used to declare models:
class User(db.Model):
login = db.Column(db.Unicode, unique=True)
passw_hash = db.Column(db.Unicode)
profile_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey(Profile.id))
profile = db.relationship(Profile, backref=db.backref('user'))
Connection URI Format¶
For a complete list of connection URIs head over to the SQLAlchemy documentation under (Supported Databases). This section shows some common connection strings.
SQLAlchemy indicates the source of an Engine as a URI combined with optional keyword arguments to specify options for the Engine. The form of the URI is:
dialect+driver://username:password@host:port/database
Many of the parts in the string are optional. If no driver is specified the default
one is selected (make sure to not include the +
in that case).
Postgres:
postgresql://scott:tiger@localhost/mydatabase
MySQL:
mysql://scott:tiger@localhost/mydatabase
Oracle:
oracle://scott:tiger@<IP_ADDRESS>:1521/sidname
SQLite (note the four leading slashes):
sqlite:////absolute/path/to/foo.db
SQLite in memory:
sqlite:///:memory:
A Minimal Application¶
For the common case of having one Flask application all you have to do is to create your Flask application, load the configuration of choice and then create the SQLAlchemy
object by passing it the application.
from flask import Flask
from sqla_wrapper import SQLAlchemy
app = Flask(__name__)
db = SQLAlchemy('sqlite://', app=app)
or
from flask import Flask
from sqla_wrapper import SQLAlchemy
db = SQLAlchemy()
app = Flask(__name__)
db.init_app(app)
Once created, you use that object to declare models:
class User(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
username = db.Column(db.String(80), unique=True)
email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True)
def __init__(self, username, email):
self.username = username
self.email = email
def __repr__(self):
return '<User %r>' % self.username
To create the initial database, just import the db object from a interactive Python shell and run the SQLAlchemy.create_all()
method to create the tables and database:
>>> from yourapplication import db
>>> db.create_all()
Boom, and there is your database. Now to create some users:
>>> from yourapplication import User
>>> admin = User('admin'<EMAIL_ADDRESS>>>> guest = User('guest'<EMAIL_ADDRESS>But they are not yet in the database, so let’s make sure they are:
>>> db.add(admin)
>>> db.add(guest)
>>> db.commit()
Accessing the data in database is easy as a pie:
>>> users = User.query.all()
[<User u'admin'>, <User u'guest'>]
>>> admin = User.query.filter_by(username='admin').first()
<User u'admin'>
Simple Relationships¶
SQLAlchemy connects to relational databases and what relational databases are really good at are relations. As such, we shall have an example of an application that uses two tables that have a relationship to each other:
from datetime import datetime
class Post(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
title = db.Column(db.String(80))
body = db.Column(db.Text)
pub_date = db.Column(db.DateTime)
category_id = db.Column(db.Integer,
db.ForeignKey('category.id'))
category = db.relationship('Category',
backref=db.backref('posts', lazy='dynamic'))
def __repr__(self):
return '<Post %r>' % self.title
class Category(db.Model):
id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
name = db.Column(db.String(50))
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def __repr__(self):
return '<Category %r>' % self.name
First let’s create some objects:
>>> py = Category('Python')
>>> p = Post(title='Hello Python!', category=py)
>>> db.add(py)
>>> db.add(p)
Now because we declared posts as dynamic relationship in the backref it shows up as query:
>>> py.posts
<sqlalchemy.orm.dynamic.AppenderBaseQuery object at 0x1027d37d0>
It behaves like a regular query object so we can ask it for all posts that are associated with our test “Python” category:
>>> py.posts.all()
[<Post 'Hello Python!'>]
Road to Enlightenment¶
You should read the SQLAlchemy documentation.
The things you need to know compared to plain SQLAlchemy are:
The
SQLAlchemy
gives you access to the following things:All the functions and classes from
sqlalchemy
andsqlalchemy.orm
All the functions from a preconfigured scoped session (called
_session
).The
metadata
andengine
The methods
SQLAlchemy.create_all()
andSQLAlchemy.drop_all()
to create and drop tables according to the models.a
Model
baseclass that is a configured declarative base.
All the functions from the session are available directly in the class, so you can do
db.add
,db.commit
,db.remove
, etc.The
Model
declarative base class behaves like a regular Python class but has aquery
attribute attached that can be used to query the model.The
Model
class also auto generates_tablename__
attributes, if you don’t define one, based on the underscored and pluralized name of your classes.You have to commit the session and configure your app to remove it at the end of the request.


| # | {{ field }} | {{ field }} | Refund |
|---|---|---|---|
| {{ $index+1 }} | {{ trip[field] }} | ${{ trip[field] }} | Refund requested Get Refund |
Q: How will I get my refund?
A: For car rentals, hotels, and other services, this will typically be a credit to the credit card you used when you made you reservation/booking.
For airlines it depends on the carrier and how much time has passed since you first booked. The refund will come either as a credit to your credit card for more recent bookings, or as a credit towards future services.
Q: When do I get a refund?
A: You get a refund when a price changes more than a certain amount. This amount varies by airline due to their change fees and rebooking fees.
| Airlines | Price Needs to Drop Over $ | Cost to change |
| Alaska | 10 | 0 |
| Air France | 10 | 0 |
| American | 200 | 200 |
| British | 100GBP | 0 |
| Delta | 200 | 200 |
| Emirates | 20 | 0 |
| JetBlue | 100 | 100 |
| Singapore | 100JPY | 0 |
| Southwest | 0 | 0 |
| United | 200 | 200 |


Olivia Newton-John’s leather outfit she wore in ‘Grease’ sells for £300,000
Proceeds from the sale are being donated to charity
A leather outfit that Olivia Newton-John wore in Grease has sold for a whopping £300,000 at an auction in Beverly Hills.
- Read more: Can rock stars make musicals cool?
Starring as Sandy in the hit 1978 musical, Newton-John wore the jacket and leather trousers during the movie’s final scene where she sang the song ‘You’re The One That I Want’ alongside Danny Zuko, played by John Travolta.
The jacket fetched £188,000, while the trousers were sold for £125,000 – double the expected price.
The trousers were sold with a broken zip as they were too tight for the actress to wear during filming so she had to be sewn into them, reports Sky News.
Sold as part of a series of items that went under the hammer in California, proceeds from the sale are going to the Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness and Research Centre.
A Grease poster signed by Newton-John, Travolta and other cast members sold for almost £50,000, while a Pink Ladies jacket given to the actress fetched £38,000.
Profits from Newton-John’s lot totalled $2.4m (£1.86m).
Meanwhile, a Grease spinoff is in the works at forthcoming streaming service HBO Max.
According to The Hollywood Reporter, the live-action spinoff will be titled Grease: Rydell High, and will reboot the original 1978 movie with characters and songs old and new. The musical series will be produced by Paramount Television. It’s unclear how many episodes the series will run, and how long the episodes will be.


JavaScript uses Unicode encoding for strings. Most characters are encoded with 2 bytes, but that allows to represent at most 65536 characters.
That range is not big enough to encode all possible characters, that’s why some rare characters are encoded with 4 bytes, for instance like 𝒳
(mathematical X) or 😄
(a smile), some hieroglyphs and so on.
Here are the Unicode values of some characters:
| Character | Unicode | Bytes count in Unicode |
|---|---|---|
| a | 0x0061 |
2 |
| ≈ | 0x2248 |
2 |
| 𝒳 | 0x1d4b3 |
4 |
| 𝒴 | 0x1d4b4 |
4 |
| 😄 | 0x1f604 |
4 |
So characters like a
and ≈
occupy 2 bytes, while codes for 𝒳
, 𝒴
and 😄
are longer, they have 4 bytes.
Long time ago, when JavaScript language was created, Unicode encoding was simpler: there were no 4-byte characters. So, some language features still handle them incorrectly.
For instance, length
thinks that here are two characters:
js run alert('😄'.length); // 2 alert('𝒳'.length); // 2
…But we can see that there’s only one, right? The point is that length
treats 4 bytes as two 2-byte characters. That’s incorrect, because they must be considered only together (so-called “surrogate pair”, you can read about them in the article info:string).
By default, regular expressions also treat 4-byte “long characters” as a pair of 2-byte ones. And, as it happens with strings, that may lead to odd results. We’ll see that a bit later, in the article info:regexp-character-sets-and-ranges.
Unlike strings, regular expressions have flag pattern:u
that fixes such problems. With such flag, a regexp handles 4-byte characters correctly. And also Unicode property search becomes available, we’ll get to it next.
Every character in Unicode has a lot of properties. They describe what “category” the character belongs to, contain miscellaneous information about it.
For instance, if a character has Letter
property, it means that the character belongs to an alphabet (of any language). And Number
property means that it’s a digit: maybe Arabic or Chinese, and so on.
We can search for characters with a property, written as pattern:\p{…}
. To use pattern:\p{…}
, a regular expression must have flag pattern:u
.
For instance, \p{Letter}
denotes a letter in any language. We can also use \p{L}
, as L
is an alias of Letter
. There are shorter aliases for almost every property.
In the example below three kinds of letters will be found: English, Georgian and Korean.
```js run let str = “A ბ ㄱ”;
alert( str.match(//gu) ); // A,ბ,ㄱ alert( str.match(//g) ); // null (no matches, doesn’t work without the flag “u”) ```
Here’s the main character categories and their subcategories:
L
:
Ll
Lm
,Lt
,Lu
,Lo
.N
:
Nd
,Nl
,No
.P
:
Pc
,Pd
,Pi
,Pf
,Ps
,Pe
,Po
.M
(accents etc):
Mc
,Me
,Mn
.S
:
Sc
,Sk
,Sm
,So
.Z
:
Zl
,Zp
,Zs
.C
:
Cc
,Cf
,Cn
,Co
,Cs
.So, e.g. if we need letters in lower case, we can write pattern:\p{Ll}
, punctuation signs: pattern:\p{P}
and so on.
There are also other derived categories, like: - Alphabetic
(Alpha
), includes Letters L
, plus letter numbers Nl
(e.g. Ⅻ - a character for the roman number 12), plus some other symbols Other_Alphabetic
(OAlpha
). - Hex_Digit
includes hexadecimal digits: 0-9
, a-f
. - …And so on.
Unicode supports many different properties, their full list would require a lot of space, so here are the references:
For instance, let’s look for hexadecimal numbers, written as xFF
, where F
is a hex digit (0..1 or A..F).
A hex digit can be denoted as pattern:\p{Hex_Digit}
:
```js run let regexp = /x/u;
alert(“number: xAF”.match(regexp)); // xAF ```
Let’s look for Chinese hieroglyphs.
There’s a Unicode property Script
(a writing system), that may have a value: Cyrillic
, Greek
, Arabic
, Han
(Chinese) and so on, here’s the full list.
To look for characters in a given writing system we should use pattern:Script=<value>
, e.g. for Cyrillic letters: pattern:\p{sc=Cyrillic}
, for Chinese hieroglyphs: pattern:\p{sc=Han}
, and so on:
```js run let regexp = //gu; // returns Chinese hieroglyphs
let str = Hello Привет 你好 123_456
;
alert( str.match(regexp) ); // 你,好 ```
Characters that denote a currency, such as $
, €
, ¥
, have Unicode property pattern:\p{Currency_Symbol}
, the short alias: pattern:\p{Sc}
.
Let’s use it to look for prices in the format “currency, followed by a digit”:
```js run let regexp = /gu;
let str = Prices: $2, €1, ¥9
;
alert( str.match(regexp) ); // $2,€1,¥9 ```
Later, in the article info:regexp-quantifiers we’ll see how to look for numbers that contain many digits.
Flag pattern:u
enables the support of Unicode in regular expressions.
That means two things:
\p{…}
.With Unicode properties we can look for words in given languages, special characters (quotes, currencies) and so on.


---
layout: default
title: 'Teaching'
---
Teaching
Marine Biological Laboratory, University of Chicago
Teaching Assistant, Strategies and Techniques for Analyzing Microbial Population Structures (STAMPS) (July 2022)
- Prepared material and taught statistical and computational methods to practitioners of molecular microbialecology and genomics
University of Washington:
Predoctoral Instructor, STAT 302: Statistical Software and its Applications (Winter 2022)
Predoctoral Instructor, STAT 498: Introduction to the Ethics of Algorithmic Decision Making (Summer 2021)
- Co-developed curriculum and course materials
Teaching Assistant, STAT 221: Statistical Concepts & Methods for the Social Sciences (Autumn 2018)
Teaching Assistant, STAT 311: Elements of Statistical Methods (Winter 2019 – Spring 2019)
Amherst College:
Undergraduate Teaching Assistant, STAT 135: Introduction to Statistics Via Modeling (Spring 2017)
Undergraduate Teaching Assistant, STAT 231: Data Science (Fall 2017)
Statistics Drop-in Tutor (Spring 2015 – Spring 2018)


In evaluating the performance of highly complex networked systems, emulation is often used as it maintains much of the realism of testbeds, while offering increased flexibility and scalability. In large emulation systems, multiple and heterogeneous virtual machines can be deployed in relatively few general purpose physical hosts. Time dilation is a technique that allows virtual time to pass at a different (and potentially variable) rate with respect to real time, allowing for increased scalability of the emulated system. In this paper we present networking links in a large emulated system employing adaptive time dilation. The link emulation focuses on accurate delay and throughput emulation while allowing varying time dilation factors. To evaluate our system, we measure the delay and throughput of the virtual links under variable system loads.


OBO-Edit WebinarIRC |
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The OBO-Edit webinar will handle live chat over IRC (Internet Relay Chat). The best way to connect to the OBO-Edit IRC chat is to use the applet on the front page. If you decide you'd like to use your own IRC applet, connect to irc.sf.net and join the #oboedit channel. There are many, many IRC clients available for every computer platform. If you'd like to download your own client, consider:
Although we won't be using most IRC features during the webinar, there are dozens and dozens of commands and special IRC features. If you want to read up, take a look at the IRC primer at http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/ircprimer.html |


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