 · User Reviews · Frequently Asked Questions · Details ...
Director:James Cameron
Release Date:18 December 2009 (USA)
Box Office:Budget:$237,000,000 (estimated) ...
Budget:$237,000,000 (estimated)
Rating: 7.8/10 · 1,121,852 votes
People also ask
Due to the constant strong language and some moderate violence during the action scenes,
we would not recommend this movie for younger children, instead suggesting that an age
range of kids aged 10 and over is more appropriate.
Bahman 8, 1392 AP
Avatar is the most expensive movie ever made,
with $150 million spent on marketing and promotion alone.
The biggest expenses were new film-making techniques and graphics as
well as the creation of a new language that involved hiring a linguist.
Tir 15, 1397 AP
Avatar is the most expensive movie ever made,
with $150 million spent on marketing and promotion alone.
The biggest expenses were new film-making techniques and graphics as
well as the creation of a new language that involved hiring a linguist.
Tir 15, 1397 AP
Avatar is the most expensive movie ever made,
with $150 million spent on marketing and promotion alone.
The biggest expenses were new film-making techniques and graphics as
well as the creation of a new language that involved hiring a linguist.
Tir 15, 1397 AP
Avatar is the most expensive movie ever made,
with $150 million spent on marketing and promotion alone.
The biggest expenses were new film-making techniques and graphics as
well as the creation of a new language that involved hiring a linguist.
Tir 15, 1397 AP
If you look closely, you can spot the banshee rookery near the
peak of
the Hallelujah Mountains...
Only kidding! This strikingly celestial scene was snapped by jay.klassy (IG) near Triple
Peak on Vancouver Island, BC.
Twitter
. 1 day ago
While these brightly colored coral formations look like something
you
might
find on Pandora, they're actually the work of Coral Morphologic, an art duo who are
working
to
bring awareness of these vital underwater ecosystems.
Love is in the air… Happy Valentine’s Day! Tag your Valentine in
the
comments.
💙
Twitter
. Bahman 26, 1399 AP
Avatar (2009) - IMDb
Avatar
(2009) · Videos · Photos · Cast · Storyline · Did You Know? · User Reviews · Frequently Asked Questions · Details ...
Director:James Cameron
Release Date:18 December 2009 (USA)
Box Office:Budget:$237,000,000 (estimated) ...
 · User Reviews · Frequently Asked Questions · Details ...
Director:James Cameron
Release Date:18 December 2009 (USA)
Box Office:Budget:$237,000,000 (estimated) ...
Budget:$237,000,000 (estimated)
Pandoran Research Foundation - Avatar
A hybrid human-alien called an Avatar is created to facilitate communication
with the indigenous Na'vis from the planet Pandora and pave the way for ...
Pandoran Research Foundation - Avatar
A hybrid human-alien called an Avatar is created to facilitate communication
with the indigenous Na'vis from the planet Pandora and pave the way for ...
 · User Reviews · Frequently Asked Questions · Details ...
Director:James Cameron
Release Date:18 December 2009 (USA)
Box Office:Budget:$237,000,000 (estimated) ...
Budget:$237,000,000 (estimated)
Rating: 7.8/10 · 1,121,852 votes
Pandoran Research Foundation - Avatar
A hybrid human-alien called an Avatar is created to facilitate communication
with the indigenous Na'vis from the planet Pandora and pave the way for ...
Avatar: The Last Airbender - Wikipedia
Avatar
(2009) · Videos · Photos · Cast · Storyline · Did You Know? · User Reviews · Frequently Asked Questions · Details ...
Jake, who is paraplegic, replaces his twin on the Na'vi inhabited Pandora for
a corporate mission. After the natives accept him as one of their own, he must decide where
his loyalties lie.
But Avatar is no Hollywood wankfest. It extends the possibilities of what movies can do. Cameron's talent may just be as big as his dreams.
Full review
Fifteen years in the making, James Cameron's latest creation is an eye-popping spectacle of conflict between idyllic aliens and greedy humans—saturated with environmental and spiritual themes.
Full review
What if the director of the highest-grossing movie ever made (Titanic) spent a rumored $500 million on a spectacular futuristic sci-fi epic and no one other than hardcore fanboys went to see it?
Full review


April 28 - less than 1 minute read
April 25 - less than 1 minute read
April 20 - less than 1 minute read
April 17 - less than 1 minute read
April 10 - less than 1 minute read
April 8 - less than 1 minute read
March 31 - less than 1 minute read
March 27 - less than 1 minute read
March 22 - less than 1 minute read
March 18 - less than 1 minute read
March 11 - less than 1 minute read
March 5 - less than 1 minute read
March 3 - less than 1 minute read
February 14 - less than 1 minute read
February 9 - less than 1 minute read
January 31 - less than 1 minute read
January 28 - less than 1 minute read
December 29 - less than 1 minute read


About Me
Let me tell you a few things...
BIO
I'm a skilled Frontend Web Developer with strong Backend knowledge and experience, I am also working as a freelancer in Fiverr as a FrontEnd Web Developer. I'm always eager to learn, open to change my way of thinking and implementing things, open to learning new technologies, frameworks, and development techniques every day!
Experience
Huff Staff Talent
2019-2020
Web Designer
I started my web designing career for Hubb Staff Talent which gave me impetus oppurtunity to land my carrer as a part time Freelancer.The One year service through this platform was an overwelming experience for a fresher like me.Really appericiate this Amazing Platform!
Fiverr
2020-2021
Front End Developer
Working in fiverr as a web Developer helped me get the experience and exposure to showcase my true potential to remote Clients and Organizations.I am still following this great platforms and helping the people to get benefitted with best of my services.
Techplotlib
2021-present
React Developer|Programmer
Techplotlib is my first startup Company as a full time web developer started working at end of 2020. I have created More than 10(Updated) Repositories by now for this company which includes Websites using React,Javascript , Jquery etc.
Education
Graduation
OP Jindal Universityy
B.Tech Computer Science
2019-2023
Activities- Sports, House Captain, Debate Club, Tech Society
High School
DAV Public School
Science(stream)|Obtained 92%
2017-2019
Activities- Sports, House Captain, Debate Club, Tech Society
Elementry School
DAV Public School
CGPA -10
2015-2017
Activities- Sports, House Captain, Debate Club, Tech Society


Pratham Yadav
Contact Me
Home
Skills
JavaScript
C/C++
HTML and CSS
Python
Adobe Photoshop
Adobe Illustrator


# coding: utf-8
# Copyright (c) Pymatgen Development Team.
# Distributed under the terms of the MIT License
"""
This module implements reading and writing of ShengBTE CONTROL files.
"""
import warnings
from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Union, Any
import numpy as np
from monty.dev import requires
from monty.json import MSONable
from pymatgen import Structure
from pymatgen.io.vasp import Kpoints
try:
import f90nml
except ImportError:
f90nml = None
__author__ = "Rees Chang, Alex Ganose"
__copyright__ = "Copyright 2019, The Materials Project"
__version__ = "0.1"
__email__ =<EMAIL_ADDRESS><EMAIL_ADDRESS>__date__ = "June 27, 2019"
[docs]class Control(MSONable, dict):
"""
Class for reading, updating, and writing ShengBTE CONTROL files.
See https://bitbucket.org/sousaw/shengbte/src/master/ for more
detailed description and default values of CONTROL arguments.
"""
required_params = [
"nelements",
"natoms",
"ngrid",
"lattvec",
"types",
"elements",
"positions",
"scell",
]
allocations_keys = ["nelements", "natoms", "ngrid", "norientations"]
crystal_keys = [
"lfactor",
"lattvec",
"types",
"elements",
"positions",
"masses",
"gfactors",
"epsilon",
"born",
"scell",
"orientations",
]
params_keys = [
"t",
"t_min",
"t_max",
"t_step",
"omega_max",
"scalebroad",
"rmin",
"rmax",
"dr",
"maxiter",
"nticks",
"eps",
]
flags_keys = [
"nonanalytic",
"convergence",
"isotopes",
"autoisotopes",
"nanowires",
"onlyharmonic",
"espresso",
]
def __init__(
self,
ngrid: Optional[List[int]] = None,
temperature: Union[float, Dict[str, float]] = 300,
**kwargs
):
"""
Args:
ngrid: Reciprocal space grid density as a list of 3 ints.
temperature: The temperature to calculate the lattice thermal
conductivity for. Can be given as a single float, or a dictionary
with the keys "min", "max", "step".
**kwargs: Other ShengBTE parameters. Several parameters are required
for ShengBTE to run - we have listed these parameters below:
- nelements (int): number of different elements in the compound
- natoms (int): number of atoms in the unit cell
- lattvec (size 3x3 array): real-space lattice vectors, in units
of lfactor
- lfactor (float): unit of measurement for lattice vectors (nm).
I.e., set to 0.1 if lattvec given in Angstrom.
- types (size natom list): a vector of natom integers, ranging
from 1 to nelements, assigning an element to each atom in the
system
- elements (size natom list): a vector of element names
- positions (size natomx3 array): atomic positions in lattice
coordinates
- scell (size 3 list): supercell sizes along each crystal axis
used for the 2nd-order force constant calculation
"""
super().__init__()
if ngrid is None:
ngrid = [25, 25, 25]
self["ngrid"] = ngrid
if isinstance(temperature, (int, float)):
self["t"] = temperature
elif isinstance(temperature, dict):
self["t_min"] = temperature["min"]
self["t_max"] = temperature["max"]
self["t_step"] = temperature["step"]
else:
raise ValueError(
"Unsupported temperature type, must be float or dict"
)
self.update(kwargs)
[docs] @classmethod
@requires(
f90nml,
"ShengBTE Control object requires f90nml to be installed. "
"Please get it at https://pypi.org/project/f90nml.",
)
def from_file(cls, filepath: str):
"""
Read a CONTROL namelist file and output a 'Control' object
Args:
filepath: Path of the CONTROL file.
Returns:
'Control' object with parameters instantiated.
"""
nml = f90nml.read(filepath)
sdict = nml.todict()
all_dict: Dict[str, Any] = {}
all_dict.update(sdict["allocations"])
all_dict.update(sdict["crystal"])
all_dict.update(sdict["parameters"])
all_dict.update(sdict["flags"])
all_dict.pop("_start_index") # remove unnecessary cruft
return cls.from_dict(all_dict)
[docs] @classmethod
def from_dict(cls, control_dict: Dict):
"""
Write a CONTROL file from a Python dictionary. Description and default
parameters can be found at
https://bitbucket.org/sousaw/shengbte/src/master/.
Note some parameters are mandatory. Optional parameters default here to
None and will not be written to file.
Args:
control_dict: A Python dictionary of ShengBTE input parameters.
"""
return cls(**control_dict)
[docs] @requires(
f90nml,
"ShengBTE Control object requires f90nml to be installed. "
"Please get it at https://pypi.org/project/f90nml.",
)
def to_file(self, filename: str = "CONTROL"):
"""
Writes ShengBTE CONTROL file from 'Control' object
Args:
filename: A file name.
"""
for param in self.required_params:
if param not in self.as_dict():
warnings.warn(
"Required parameter '{}' not specified!".format(param)
)
alloc_dict = _get_subdict(self, self.allocations_keys)
alloc_nml = f90nml.Namelist({"allocations": alloc_dict})
control_str = str(alloc_nml) + "\n"
crystal_dict = _get_subdict(self, self.crystal_keys)
crystal_nml = f90nml.Namelist({"crystal": crystal_dict})
control_str += str(crystal_nml) + "\n"
params_dict = _get_subdict(self, self.params_keys)
params_nml = f90nml.Namelist({"parameters": params_dict})
control_str += str(params_nml) + "\n"
flags_dict = _get_subdict(self, self.flags_keys)
flags_nml = f90nml.Namelist({"flags": flags_dict})
control_str += str(flags_nml) + "\n"
with open(filename, "w") as file:
file.write(control_str)
[docs] @classmethod
def from_structure(
cls,
structure: Structure,
reciprocal_density: Optional[int] = 50000,
**kwargs
):
"""
Get a ShengBTE control object from a structure.
Args:
structure: A structure object.
reciprocal_density: If not None, the q-point grid ("ngrid") will be
set using this density.
kwargs: Additional options to be passed to the Control constructor.
See the docstring of the __init__ method for more details
Returns:
A ShengBTE control object.
"""
elements = list(map(str, structure.composition.elements))
unique_nums = np.unique(structure.atomic_numbers)
types_dict = dict(zip(unique_nums, range(len(unique_nums))))
types = [types_dict[i] + 1 for i in structure.atomic_numbers]
control_dict = {
"nelements": structure.ntypesp,
"natoms": structure.num_sites,
"norientations": 0,
"lfactor": 0.1,
"lattvec": structure.lattice.matrix.tolist(),
"elements": elements,
"types": types,
"positions": structure.frac_coords.tolist(),
}
if reciprocal_density:
kpoints = Kpoints.automatic_density(structure, reciprocal_density)
control_dict["ngrid"] = kpoints.kpts[0]
control_dict.update(**kwargs)
return Control(**control_dict)
[docs] def get_structure(self) -> Structure:
"""
Get a pymatgen Structure from a ShengBTE control object.
The control object must have the "lattvec", "types", "elements", and
"positions" settings otherwise an error will be thrown.
Returns:
The structure.
"""
required = ["lattvec", "types", "elements", "positions"]
if not all([r in self for r in required]):
raise ValueError(
"All of ['lattvec', 'types', 'elements', 'positions'] must be "
"in control object"
)
unique_elements = self["elements"]
n_unique_elements = len(unique_elements)
element_map = dict(
zip(range(1, n_unique_elements + 1), unique_elements)
)
species = [element_map[i] for i in self["types"]]
cell = np.array(self["lattvec"])
if "lfactor" in self:
cell *= self["lfactor"] * 10 # to nm then to Angstrom
return Structure(cell, species, self["positions"])
[docs] def as_dict(self):
"""
Returns: MSONAble dict
"""
return dict(self)
def _get_subdict(master_dict, subkeys):
"""Helper method to get a set of keys from a larger dictionary"""
return {
k: master_dict[k]
for k in subkeys
if k in master_dict and master_dict[k] is not None
}


Stefan Stax Miljkovic
FE & WordPress Expert
Adrenaline junky. Dedicated to make stuff that others will use daily.


Youtube
Home
Trending
Favorites
Subscribe
Channels
colors
MTV
starplus
Music
Kannada
Malayalam
English
Serial
Bepanaah
Sakti
Udaan
Responses & comments:
Good app for watching serials
Download


Training
Location: {{ @SESSION.training_info['location'] }}
Application Deadline:
{{ date('F j, Y', strtotime(@SESSION.training_info['deadline'])) }}
Training Schedule:
{{ date('F j, Y', strtotime(@SESSION.training_info['date'])) }}
{{ date('F j, Y', strtotime(@SESSION.training_info['date2'])) }}
NAMI Family-To-Family program is:
NAMI Family-to-Family is a free, 8-week education program for family, partners, friends, and
significant others of adults living with mental illness. The course is designed to help all
family members understand and support their loved one living with mental illness, while
maintaining their own well-being. The course includes information on illnesses such as
schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression and other mental health conditions. Thousands
of families describe the program as life-changing. The program is taught by trained teachers who
are also family members and know what it is like to have a loved one living with mental illness.
About
This Training
Participants will learn the necessary skills to conduct a rigorous and effective 8-week
course in your community. Topics covered in the training include critical information and
strategies related to care giving, incorporating presentations, discussions and exercises.
This helps provide the necessary tools for a better understanding of the individual living
with mental illness. This class uses a guided group process to help families gain practical
insight, obtain important information about research and resiliency along with increasing
their emotional learning skills.
Willing to complete the online training no later then 2 weeks before the in-person training.
To be a successful NAMI Family-to-Family teacher, you need to respond to others in a
non-judgmental way, you need to be a good listener with an empathetic ear, and you need
to be willing to talk about your experience as a family member of someone living with a
mental illness.
Trainees must have attended and completed a Family-to-Family class as a participant.
Trainees agree to attend the entire class. Trainees must demonstrate the qualifications
needed to become a good NAMI teacher by the end of training. Trainees may be asked to
improve their skills in particular key areas and repeat the training before they may
become certified. All applicants will participate in a phone screening interview with
the class leaders prior to being accepted into the class. Minimum age to become a
Family-to-Family teacher is 18 years old.
By taking this teacher training you are committed to co-teaching the Family-to-Family class,
consisting of 8 weeks of material, at least twice in a 24-month (2 year) period in cooperation
with your local NAMI affiliate.
You will need to register and interview all prospective students before the class. Each
weekly class requires a lot of pre-class preparation. In some affiliates, the teacher also
needs to find a location for the classes and take care of advertising and publicity. You
will be required to send periodic reports to State and National for their record keeping
and upload data into the National NAMI Education Data tracking program. The classes involve
reading aloud from NAMI course materials, so applicants need to be comfortable with this.
NAMI Washington will pay for meals, snacks, lodging and all training materials. Your NAMI
affiliate is asked to cover your travel and other expenses that you may incur to attend
this training. Lodging will be at a nearby hotel, and is double occupancy.
If you require single occupancy, arrangements will need to be made prior to
attendance by the attendee and there will be additional costs which will be the
responsibility of the attendee. In order to reserve a space, a $50 refundable
registration deposit from your affiliate is required at the time of
registration. If you need to cancel after being accepted, notify the NAMI Washington
staff no later than a week before the training so we can fill your spot, or your affiliate will
lose its $50 registration deposit. Cancelled spots are filled with applications from the
waiting list for the class, not by sending another affiliate member.
Ready to start the application?
Start


Run a scenario Select the scenario you want to play Circle Square Acceleration Static CN0 Free to Urban Test


Supervisor
Monitors activity to identify project roadblocks
Team Builder
Team Builder Scans our talent network to create the optimal team for your project
Karma
Karma Regularly evaluates our talent to ensure quality
Calculator
Calculator Uses data from past projects to provide better delivery estimates


{% extends 'layouts/layout.html' %} {% block pageTitle %} This link does not work {% endblock %} {% block content %}
It has been more than 1 hour since it was sent.
You will have to request a new link to reset your password.


This window displays the text of the current message. If there is more that a page of text, use the page down key to see more of the message. In this message you can also see some examples of
Hot Links
.


| Path: | README.txt |
| Last Update: | Tue Apr 15 12:30:48 -0500 2008 |
http://rubyforge.org/projects/parsetree/ http://www.zenspider.com/ZSS/Products/ParseTree/<EMAIL_ADDRESS>ParseTree is a C extension (using RubyInline) that extracts the parse tree for an entire class or a specific method and returns it as a s-expression (aka sexp) using ruby‘s arrays, strings, symbols, and integers.
As an example:
def conditional1(arg1) if arg1 == 0 then return 1 end return 0 end
becomes:
[:defn, :conditional1, [:scope, [:block, [:args, :arg1], [:if, [:call, [:lvar, :arg1], :==, [:array, [:lit, 0]]], [:return, [:lit, 1]], nil], [:return, [:lit, 0]]]]]
sexp_array = ParseTree.translate(klass) sexp_array = ParseTree.translate(klass, :method) sexp_array = ParseTree.translate("1+1")
or:
class MyProcessor < SexpProcessor def initialize super self.strict = false end def process_lit(exp) val = exp.shift return val end end
or:
% ./parse_tree_show myfile.rb
or:
% echo "1+1" | ./parse_tree_show -f
or:
% ./parse_tree_abc myfile.rb
(The MIT License)
Copyright (c) 2001-2007 Ryan Davis, Zen Spider Software
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.


The X-Files: Fight The Future
For fans of the hit television series, The X-Files, the new movie The sometimes even ardent fans have turned this once obscure science fiction/drama series into a huge hit for Fox television. No doubt they will do the same for the film. Fortunately for everyone else, one doesn't have to be a fan of the series in order to love this movie.
To tell of the intricacies of the plot would be to reveal more then anyone should know until they see the film. I can safely say that the film begins with agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) working together in an anti-terrorist unit. The agents have been reassigned to this new unit. Their reassignment and the closing of the X-Files themselves do not stop the global conspiracies involving the invasion of our world by aliens, however. Thus is the setup for the film which pits the two agents in the almost impossible task of exposing the conspiracy which could destroy not only their lives but the lives of everyone on the planet as well.
As a fan of the series, my major fear was that the writers would have to "talk down" to me and the other fans in order to explain things that the casual viewer (or moviegoer) wouldn't know. Imagine my surprise when I discovered that the movie was everything the series is and more. The film explains many of the complicated plots that have arisen over the last couple of years, and it does it in such a way as to actually be entertaining to someone who doesn't know anything about the film. The screenplay is brilliant in that it does actually fulfill the impossible promises of the show's creator, Chris Carter, to appease both ardent fan and casual moviegoer. I personally didn't believe it could be done, but, after talking to several others who have seen the film and who are not fans of the weekly series, my suspicions were confirmed and this movie is just plain enjoyable.
I would recommend this film to all fans of the television series as well as sci-fi fans in general. I will even go a step further and recommend this film to anyone who enjoys a good drama or suspense film. This film is entirely self contained and can be enjoyed by all. It is rated PG-13, presumably for violence, but today's audience (even the younger ones) aren't likely to notice the violence or the occasional curse word. As always, I recommend parents actually watch the film before allowing younger children to see it (nightmares of alien invasions and scary black goo invading bodies are a real possibility).
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


To use a marker manager, create a MarkerManager
object. In the simplest case, just pass a map to it.
var myOptions = { zoom: 4, center: new google.maps.LatLng(48.25, 11.00), mapTypeId: google.maps.MapTypeId.ROADMAP }; map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById('map'), myOptions); mgr = new MarkerManager(map);
You may also specify a number of options to fine-tune the marker manager's performance. These options are passed via a MarkerManagerOptions
object, which contains the following fields:
maxZoom
: specifies the maximum zoom level monitored by this marker manager. The default value is the highest zoom level supported by Google maps.borderPadding
: specifies the extra padding, in pixels, monitored by the manager outside the current viewport. This allows for markers just out of sight to be displayed on the map, improving panning over small ranges. The default value is 100.trackMarkers
: specifies whether movement of movements of markers should be tracked by the marker manager. If you wish to have managed markers that change their positions through the setPoint()
method, set this value to true
. By default, this flag is set to false
. Note that if you move markers with this value set to false
, they will appear in both the original location and the new location(s).
The MarkerManagerOptions
object is an object literal, so you simply declare the object without a constructor:
var mgrOptions = { borderPadding: 50, maxZoom: 15, trackMarkers: true }; var mgr = new MarkerManager(map, mgrOptions);
Once you create a manager, you will want to add markers to it. MarkerManager
supports adding single markers one at a time using the addMarker()
method or a collection passed as an array using the addMarkers()
method. Single markers added using addMarker()
will appear immediately on the map provided that they fall within the current view and specified zoom level constraints.
Adding markers collectively using addMarkers()
is recommended as it is more efficient. Markers added using the addMarkers()
method will not appear on the map until you explicitly call the MarkerManager
's refresh()
method, which adds all markers within the current viewport and border padding region to the map. After this initial display, MarkerManager
takes care of all visual updates by monitoring the map's "moveend" events.
The following example creates a mock weather map for Europe. At zoom level 3, 20 randomly distributed weather icons are displayed. At level 6, when all 200 cities with population over 300,000 are easily distinguished, an additional 200 markers are shown. Finally, at level 8, 1000 markers are shown. (Note: to simplify the example, markers will be added at random locations.)
function setupMap() { var myOptions = { zoom: 4, center: new google.maps.LatLng(48.25, 11.00), mapTypeId: google.maps.MapTypeId.ROADMAP }; map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById('map'), myOptions); setupWeatherMarkers(); } function getWeatherMarkers(n) { var batch = []; for (var i = 0; i < n; ++i) { var tmpIcon = getWeatherIcon(); batch.push(new google.maps.Marker({ position: getRandomPoint(), shadow: tmpIcon.shadow, icon: tmpIcon.icon, shape: tmpIcon.shape, title: 'Weather marker' }) ); } return batch; } function setupWeatherMarkers() { mgr = new MarkerManager(map); google.maps.event.addListener(mgr, 'loaded', function(){ mgr.addMarkers(getWeatherMarkers(20), 3); mgr.addMarkers(getWeatherMarkers(200), 6); mgr.addMarkers(getWeatherMarkers(1000), 8); mgr.refresh(); }); }
View example (weather_map.html)
The marker manager can also perform simple clustering of markers. While it does not do so automatically, you can achieve the desired effect by setting both the minimum and maximum zoom at which a given marker is shown. In this example we create a map of Google offices in North America. At the highest level we show flags of countries in which offices are located. For zoom levels 3 to 7 we show icons over population centers where one or more offices are located. Finally, at levels 8 or higher, we show individual markers for each office.
var officeLayer = [ { "zoom": [0, 3], "places": [ { "name": "US Offices", "icon": ["us", "flag-shadow"], "posn": [40, -97] }, { "name": "Canadian Offices", "icon": ["ca", "flag-shadow"], "posn": [58, -101] } ] }, ... }; function setupOfficeMarkers() { allmarkers.length = 0; for (var i in officeLayer) { if (officeLayer.hasOwnProperty(i)) { var layer = officeLayer[i]; var markers = []; for (var j in layer["places"]) { if (layer["places"].hasOwnProperty(j)) { var place = layer["places"][j]; var icon = getIcon(place["icon"]); var title = place["name"]; var posn = new google.maps.LatLng(place["posn"][0], place["posn"][1]); var marker = createMarker(posn, title, getIcon(place["icon"])); markers.push(marker); allmarkers.push(marker); } } mgr.addMarkers(markers, layer["zoom"][0], layer["zoom"][1]); } } mgr.refresh(); updateStatus(mgr.getMarkerCount(map.getZoom())); }
The marker manager now has functions to let you delete individual markers or all the markers in the manager, using deleteMarker
and clearMarkers
respectively.
In the Google Offices example, you can delete a marker by double clicking on it, or entering an integer index in the text box and clicking the delete button.
You can clear all the markers by clicking the clear button, and reload them again by clicking the reload button. The relevant code snippets are shown below.
function createMarker(posn, title, icon) { var markerOptions = { position: posn, title: title }; if(icon !== false){ markerOptions.shadow = icon.shadow; markerOptions.icon = icon.icon; markerOptions.shape = icon.shape; } var marker = new google.maps.Marker(markerOptions); google.maps.event.addListener(marker, 'dblclick', function() { mgr.removeMarker(marker) updateStatus(mgr.getMarkerCount(map.getZoom())); }); return marker; } function showMarkers() { mgr.show(); updateStatus(mgr.getMarkerCount(map.getZoom())); } function hideMarkers() { mgr.hide(); updateStatus(mgr.getMarkerCount(map.getZoom())); } function deleteMarker() { var markerNum = parseInt(document.getElementById("markerNum").value); mgr.removeMarker(allmarkers[markerNum]); updateStatus(mgr.getMarkerCount(map.getZoom())); } function clearMarkers() { mgr.clearMarkers(); updateStatus(mgr.getMarkerCount(map.getZoom())); } function reloadMarkers() { setupOfficeMarkers(); }


people The Growing Pains of Small Wine Production A young winemaker from the Santa Cruz Mountains discovers that success doesn't mean selling out of your bottles.
culture Alice Feiring on the State and Future of Natural Wines How to understand and navigate the growing world of natural wines.
people Off the Beaten Path at the Anderson Family Vineyard These veterans keep their focus on the fruit and bottles.
regions Chehalem Mountains & Dundee Hills, Oregon A few small producers worth visiting while in the Willamette Valley.


I'm an experienced web developer with over 15-years of experience developing and maintaining web sites using HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and WYSIWYG editors like Wordpress.
I got my Web Master's Certification in 2020 and have utilized various resources and training to gradually build on my outdated experience to keep my skills competative, but when web development expanded to include a myriad of new technologies and principles I committed to bringing my knowledge fully up to date and become recertified in a modern context.
My education has also included obtaining a degree in Visual Communications to aid in developing my front-end design skills. Though my experience has been in web browser based sites and applications, I have also applied my skills to create, program, and impliment interactive web controls for user automation stations used in a petrolium refinery.
Currently, I am working on my Full Stack Flex certification with an anticipated completion date of end of January 2021.
Click on the icons to connect with me on LinkedIn & GitHub.
Click here for my resume.


Menu
G
Info
About
Model Type
MG
HG
RG
Register
Login
Register
Username
Password
Confirm Password
E-mail
Address
Tel.Phone No.
Register


|
Smartlock
|
#include <K32L2B31A.h>
Data Fields | |
| __IO uint32_t | SOPT1 |
| __IO uint32_t | SOPT1CFG |
| uint8_t | RESERVED_0 [4092] |
| __IO uint32_t | SOPT2 |
| uint8_t | RESERVED_1 [4] |
| __IO uint32_t | SOPT4 |
| __IO uint32_t | SOPT5 |
| uint8_t | RESERVED_2 [4] |
| __IO uint32_t | SOPT7 |
| uint8_t | RESERVED_3 [8] |
| __I uint32_t | SDID |
| uint8_t | RESERVED_4 [12] |
| __IO uint32_t | SCGC4 |
| __IO uint32_t | SCGC5 |
| __IO uint32_t | SCGC6 |
| __IO uint32_t | SCGC7 |
| __IO uint32_t | CLKDIV1 |
| uint8_t | RESERVED_5 [4] |
| __IO uint32_t | FCFG1 |
| __I uint32_t | FCFG2 |
| uint8_t | RESERVED_6 [4] |
| __I uint32_t | UIDMH |
| __I uint32_t | UIDML |
| __I uint32_t | UIDL |
| uint8_t | RESERVED_7 [156] |
| __IO uint32_t | COPC |
| __O uint32_t | SRVCOP |
SIM - Register Layout Typedef
| __IO uint32_t CLKDIV1 |
System Clock Divider Register 1, offset: 0x1044
| __IO uint32_t COPC |
COP Control Register, offset: 0x1100
| __IO uint32_t FCFG1 |
Flash Configuration Register 1, offset: 0x104C
| __I uint32_t FCFG2 |
Flash Configuration Register 2, offset: 0x1050
| __IO uint32_t SCGC4 |
System Clock Gating Control Register 4, offset: 0x1034
| __IO uint32_t SCGC5 |
System Clock Gating Control Register 5, offset: 0x1038
| __IO uint32_t SCGC6 |
System Clock Gating Control Register 6, offset: 0x103C
| __IO uint32_t SCGC7 |
System Clock Gating Control Register 7, offset: 0x1040
| __I uint32_t SDID |
System Device Identification Register, offset: 0x1024
| __IO uint32_t SOPT1 |
System Options Register 1, offset: 0x0
| __IO uint32_t SOPT1CFG |
SOPT1 Configuration Register, offset: 0x4
| __IO uint32_t SOPT2 |
System Options Register 2, offset: 0x1004
| __IO uint32_t SOPT4 |
System Options Register 4, offset: 0x100C
| __IO uint32_t SOPT5 |
System Options Register 5, offset: 0x1010
| __IO uint32_t SOPT7 |
System Options Register 7, offset: 0x1018
| __O uint32_t SRVCOP |
Service COP, offset: 0x1104
| __I uint32_t UIDL |
Unique Identification Register Low, offset: 0x1060
| __I uint32_t UIDMH |
Unique Identification Register Mid-High, offset: 0x1058
| __I uint32_t UIDML |
Unique Identification Register Mid Low, offset: 0x105C


--- # frontmatter --- {% include header.html %} {% include navbar.html %} {% include container-start.html %} {% include pagenumber.html %}


Team Gird ( Hover Overlay Effects )
Marrie Doi
Co-founder
Operations
Marrie Doi
Co-founder/ Operations
Co-founder and Software VP of iRiding , been in the healthcare IT industry for 11 years, has accumulated a wealth of experience in healthcare project development and played the leading role in building and implementing EMR and IT frameworks for many hospitals. Being an Internet entrepreneur for six years, contributed to the design and planning of numerous projects, including IOT and smart sharing platform,the development of IOT system and App related to smart hardware.


See More City
As you battle your way through the bouroughs, you and your friends can unlock new areas to explore. From trendy nightlife in the restaurant district to a dark, shadowy alley in seedier parts of town, you're in control of your journey.
As you battle your way through the bouroughs, you and your friends can unlock new areas to explore. From trendy nightlife in the restaurant district to a dark, shadowy alley in seedier parts of town, you're in control of your journey.
Pack even more punch in your mission attacks when you master the craft of creating your own weapons. Find useful objects and materials throughout each of the boroughs and create custom weapons tailored to your character.
You create your own destiny in this town.  The choice is yours, but choose wisely. All choices have consequences – and you and your friends just might pay the ulimate price.
Feeling like you've got survival down to an art? Raise the stakes with the addition of zombie hordes. You'll perfect your technique and level up quickly – if you survive to tell your friends about it.
A loyal and fearless leader, you will make decisions that shape the fate of your whole crew. Jake is smart, resourceful, and tough – and he always has his friends' back. But don't take advantage of his trusting nature. Jake can be ruthless, cunning and devious. Double-crossing him could be the last thing you ever do in this game.
Jay is joining Jake and his gang in this great new character download. If you're looking for a jack-of-all-trades who is always ready for action and never loses his cool – you're going to want to add this dude to your current line up.
Feel like Jake and his friends have seen just about every part of town? Get out there and explore hidden tunnels and new boroughs when you download the city expansion pack. Who knows what's lurking around these new corners?
Coming soon – you and your friends can experience Jake's Night Out on a whole new level... through the eyes of the zombie horde! Chaos and destruction will follow you wherever you go, so your friends better be ready.


Express Server
Project Name
Trip 'n' Talk Express Server
Authors:
Tia Rose, Felipe Delatorre, Jeff Lawrence
Links and Resources
Documentation
Modules
Setup
npm i
ornpm install
.env
requirements - see sample-env or look below
Running the app
Tests
npm test


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}Request an Account{% endblock %} {% block content %}
* Field is required.


WITNESS LIST County Affairs Committee May 4, 2005-8:00A HB 1928 For: Jones, Chris (Combined Law Enforcement Assn's of Texas) Martinez, Lt. Greg (Travis County Sheriff Officers Association) HB 2253 For: Allison, Jim (County Judges & Commissioners Assn. of TX) Cassidy, Cindy (Self) Clark, Colin (Dr. Philip Inderwiesen) Gregory, J.F. (Self) Hadden, Karen (Sustainable Energy & Economic Development (SEED) Coalition) Schaar, Julie (Texas Section of the Indernational Dark-Sky Assn.) Terrell, Philip (Self) Registering, but not testifying: For: Ross, Lauren (Greater Edwards Aquifer Alliance) Smith, Tom "Smitty" (Hill Country Alliance) Thompson, John (Polk County) Against: Howe, Billy (Texas Farm Bureau) Terrell, James (Select Milk Producers, Inc.) HB 3206 Against: Petty, Thomas (Harris County Fire Marshal's Office) HJR 34 For: Stevenson, C.K. (San Saba County, San Saba County Property Owners Association) Theodosis, Byron (San Saba County) Williams, David (San Saba County) Against: Hilger, Zane (JPCA, Inc.) On: Allison, Jim (County Judges & Commissioners Assn. of TX) Registering, but not testifying: Against: Campos, Charlie (Self and South Texas Justices of the Peace and Constables Assoc.) Elfant, Bruce (Self and Justices of the Peace and Constables Assoc. of TX) Thompson, Rick (Texas Association of Counties) HJR 53 For: Allison, Jim (County Judges and Commissioners Assn. of TX) Registering, but not testifying: For: Mendez, Mark (Tarrant County) Thompson, John (Polk County) SB 270 For: Allison, Jim (County Judges & Commissioners Assn. of TX) Gaines, Jimmy (Texas Landowners Council) Registering, but not testifying: For: Thompson, John (Polk County) SB 342 Registering, but not testifying: For: Lee, Donald (Texas Conference of Urban Counties) Mendez, Mark (Tarrant County) On: Briseno, Elias (Dept. of Health Services) SB 736 For: Petty, Thomas (Harris County Fire Marshal's Office) Registering, but not testifying: For: Cain, Randy (Texas Fire Cheifs Assoc.) Lee, Donald (Texas Conference of Urban Counties) Mendez, Mark (Tarrant County) Molter, Michelle (Texas Apartment Association) Powell, Leilah (Bexar County Commissioners Court) SB 792 For: Walker, David (Self) SJR 14 Against: Hilger, Zane (JPCA, Inc.) Page, Todd (Self) Registering, but not testifying: Against: Campos, Charlie (Self and South Texas Justices of the Peace and Constables Assoc.) Cobos, David (Justices of the Peace & Constables Assoc. of TX) Elfant, Bruce (Self and Justices of the Peace & Constables Assoc. of Texas) Harris, Charles (West TX Justices of the Peace & Constables Asso., Justice of Peace & Constable Asso. of TX) Haverlah, Kirsha (JPCA) Thompson, Rick (Texas Association of Counties)


The Bubble Plot, also referred to as the Planetary System View, represents
a novel way of looking at one or multiple spectra at the same time. This view of
a spectrum still has the m/z value on the x-axis, but on the y-axis it has
the mass error (the distance between the theoretical and the experimental mass of the
fragment ions), and finally the size of each bubble represents the (normalized)
intensity of each fragment ion.
This way of looking at spectra takes a bit of getting used to, but once
one is comfortable with the setup, it becomes very easy to pick up details that
would have been very difficult to see by a manual inspection of individual spectra.
The size of the bubbles represent the relative intensity of the given peak. The bubbles
are automatically scaled to try to find the optimal bubble size, i.e., so that the bubbles
are neither too small nor too big. When using mass accuray in Dalton the scale factor
is 10 times the maxium mass tolerance (in Dalton), while when using relative accuracy, i.e., ppm,
the scaling factor is 1000 times the maxium mass tolerance (still in Dalton).
If the automatic scaling is not optimal, the scaling factor can be changed via the
Settings > 'Bubble Plot Scale' below the plot. Note that the value inserted here is
relative to the automatic scales above, i.e., entering a value of 2 will double
the size of the bubble (relative to the automatic scale), while a value of 0.5
will reduce the size by half (again relative to the automatic scale).
PeptideShaker automatically annotates the a spectrum with the
most likely ions given the spectrum and the peptide sequence identified.
This includes the automatic selection of neutral losses.
However, the user can override the default annotation by selecting
different ion types in the menu below the plot. To change the neutral
losses one first has to uncheck the Adapt option on the Loss menu.
To make sure that the same ion types are used for all spectra, the user
can also turn of the automatic annotation completly in the Settings
menu.
In addition to deciding which ion types to use when annotating the spectrum, the
user can also change the desired accuracy for the annotations. This is done by scrolling
the mouse wheel while holding down the Ctrl key. Scrolling up or down (when over the Spectrum panel) will increase or
decrease the accuracy required to say that a given peak should be annotated. The maximum value
is set to the fragment ion accuracy set in the Search Parameters dialog (found on the Edit menu).
Scrolling without holding down any keys lets the user decide how many of the peaks
PeptideShaker should try to annotate. The level is set relative
to the most intense peak, e.g., 80% means that the tool only considers peaks
that have an intensity that is at least 80% of the most intense peak. As
the value is reduced more and more of the low intensity peaks will be
annotated.
The bars highlighting and annotating the fragment ion types can be turned on or off by clicking the toggle names Bars.
The bubble plot has the potential of displaying multiple spectra at
once, and is automatically used if more than one row is selected in
the Peptide-Spectrum Matches table.
One more than one spetrum is selected the individual spectra are
annotated with the row index, and the fragment ions are color coded
accordingly.
Zooming is supported by the standard left click and drag approach, and additional plotting features can be accessed via the right click popup menu.


Chapter 5 Computing Techniques
Since GLMM can use EM algorithm in its maximum likelihood calculation (see McCulloch, 1994), it is practically useful to rehearse EM and other computing techniques.
5.1 Monte carlo approximation
Example: calculate the integral of \(p(z>2)\) when \(z \sim N(0,1)\). To use Monte Carlo approximation, we can have an indicator function, which will determine whether the sample from \(N(0,1)\) will be included into the calculation of the integral.
Nsim=10^4
indicator=function(x){
y=ifelse((x>2),1,0)
return(y)}
newdata<-rnorm(Nsim, 0,1 )
mc=c(); v=c(); upper=c(); lower=c()
for (j in 1:Nsim)
{
mc[j]=mean(indicator(newdata[1:j]))
v[j]=(j^{-1})*var(indicator(newdata[1:j]))
upper[j]=mc[j]+1.96*sqrt(v[j])
lower[j]=mc[j]-1.96*sqrt(v[j])
}
library(ggplot2)
values=c(mc,upper,lower)
type=c(rep("mc",Nsim),rep("upper",Nsim),rep("lower",Nsim))
iter=rep(seq(1:Nsim),3)
data=data.frame(val=values, tp=type, itr=iter)
Rcode<-ggplot(data,aes(itr,val,col=tp))+geom_line(size=0.5)
Rcode+geom_hline(yintercept=1-pnorm(2),color="green",size=0.5)
## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing missing values (geom_path).
5.2 Importance sampling
Importance sampling has samples generated from a different distribution than the distribution of interest. Specifically, assume that we want to calculate the expected value of \(h(x)\), and \(x \sim f(x)\).
\[E(h(x))=\int h(x) f(x) dx = \int h(x) \frac{f(x)}{g(x)} g(x) dx \] We can sample \(x_i\) from \(g(x)\) and then calculate the mean of \(h(x_i) \frac{f(x_i)}{g(x_i)}\).
Using the same explane above, we can use a shifted exponential distribution to help calculate the intergral for normal distribution. Specifically,
\[\int_2^{\infty} \frac{1}{2 \pi} e^{-\frac{1}{2}x^2}dx = \int_2^{\infty} \frac{\frac{1}{2 \pi} e^{-\frac{1}{2}x^2}}{e^{-(x-2)}} e^{-(x-2)}dx \] The idea is that, we can generate \(x_i\) from exponential distribution of \(e^{-(x-2)}\), and then insert them into the targeted “expected (value) function” of \(\frac{\frac{1}{2 \pi} e^{-\frac{1}{2}x^2}}{e^{-(x-2)}}\). Thus, as you can see, importance sampling is based on the law of large numbers (i.e., If the same experiment or study is repeated independently a large number of times, the average of the results of the trials must be close to the expected value). We can use it to calculate integral based on link of the definition of expected value.
Nsim=10^4
normal_density=function(x)
{y=(1/sqrt(2*pi))*exp(-0.5*(x^2))
return(y)}
x=2-log(runif(Nsim))
ImpS=c(); v=c(); upper=c(); lower=c()
for (j in 1:Nsim)
{
ImpS[j]=mean(normal_density(x[1:j])/exp(-(x[1:j]-2)))
v[j]=(j^{-1})*var(normal_density(x[1:j])/exp(-(x[1:j]-2)))
upper[j]=ImpS[j]+1.96*sqrt(v[j])
lower[j]=ImpS[j]-1.96*sqrt(v[j])
}
library(ggplot2)
values=c(ImpS,upper,lower)
type=c(rep("mc",Nsim),rep("upper",Nsim),rep("lower",Nsim))
iter=rep(seq(1:Nsim),3)
data=data.frame(val=values, tp=type, itr=iter)
ggplot(data,aes(itr,val,col=tp))+geom_line(size=0.5)+
geom_hline(yintercept=1-pnorm(2),color="green",size=0.5)
## Warning: Removed 2 rows containing missing values (geom_path).
5.3 Newton Raphson algorithm
The main purpose of Newton Raphson algorithm is to calculate the root of a function (e.g., \(x^2-3=0\)). We know that in order to maximize the MLE, we need to calculate the first derivatice of the function and then set it to zero \(\ell^{'}(x)=0\). Thus, we can use the same Newton Raphson method to help calculate the MLE maximization as well.
There are different ways to understand Newton Raphson method, but I found the method fo geometric the most easy way to explain.
Specifically, suppose that you want to calculate the root of a function \(f(x)=0\). We assume the root is \(r\). However, we do not that, and we randomly guess a point of \(a\). Thus, we can get a tangent line with slope of \(f^{'}(a)\) and a point of \((a,f(a))\). Since we know the slope and one of its points, we can write the function for this tangent line.
\[y-f(a)=f^{'}(a)(x-a)\] To calculate the \(x-intercept\), namely \(b\) in the figure, we can set \(y=0\), and get the following:
\[-f(a)=f^{'}(a)(x-a) \Rightarrow x (or, b)= a-\frac{f(a)}{f^{'}(a)}\] If there is significant difference of \(|a-b|\), we know that our orginal guess of \(a\) is not good. We better use \(b\) as the next guess, and calculate its tangent line again. To generalize, we can write it as follows. \[x_{t+1}=x_{t}-\frac{f(x_t)}{f^{'}(x_t)}\]
Okay, this method above is to calculate the root. For MLE, we can also use this method to calculate the root for the \(\ell ^{'}=0\). We can write it as follows.
\[x_{t+1}=x_{t}-\frac{\ell^{'}(x_t)}{\ell^{''}(x_t)}\] Often, \(x\) is not just a single unknow parameter, but a vector. For this case, we can write it as follows.
\[\beta_{t+1}=\beta_{t}-\frac{\ell^{'}(\beta_t)}{\ell^{''}(\beta_t)}\]
5.3.1 Calculate the root
\(x^3-5=0\)
Note that, this is obviously not a maximization problem. In contrast, it involves a function with zero. As we can see, we can think it as the first order of Taylor approximation. That is, \(f^{'}(x)=x^3-5=0\). As we can see the following plot, it converts very quickly.
f_firstorder=function(x){x^3-5}
f_secondorder=function(x){3*x}
x_old=1;tolerance=1e-3
max_its=2000;iteration=1;difference=2
c_iteration<-c() ## to collect numbers generated in the iteration process
while(difference>tolerance & iteration<max_its){
x_updated=x_old-(f_firstorder(x_old)/f_secondorder(x_old))
difference=abs(x_updated-x_old);
iteration=iteration+1;
x_old=x_updated
c_iteration<-c(c_iteration,x_updated)}
plot(c_iteration,type="b")
5.3.2 Logistic regression
Suppose we have \(n\) observation, and \(m\) variables.
\[\begin{bmatrix} x_{11} & x_{12} & x_{13} & ... & x_{1m}\\ x_{21} & x_{22} & x_{23} & ... & x_{2m} \\ ...\\ x_{n1} & x_{n2} & x_{n3} & ... & x_{nm} \end{bmatrix}\]
Typically, we add a vector of \(1\) being used to estimate the constant.
\[\begin{bmatrix} 1 & x_{11} & x_{12} & x_{13} & ... & x_{1m}\\ 1 & x_{21} & x_{22} & x_{23} & ... & x_{2m} \\ ...\\ 1 & x_{n1} & x_{n2} & x_{n3} & ... & x_{nm} \end{bmatrix}\]
And, we have observe a vector of \(n\) \(y_i\) as well, which is a binary variable:
\[Y = \begin{bmatrix}1 \\ 0 \\ 1 \\ 0 \\ 0 \\ 0 \\ ...\\ 1 \\ \end{bmatrix}\]
Using the content from the MLE chapter, we can get:
\[\mathbf{L}=\prod_{i=1}^{n} p_i^{ y_i}(1-p_i)^{(1-y_i)}\]
Further, we can get a log-transformed format.
\[log (\mathbf{L})=\sum_{i=1}^{n}[y_i log (p_i) + (1-y_i) log(1-p_i)]\] Given that \(p_i=\frac{e^{\beta_0+\beta_1x_1+...+\beta_nx_n}}{1+e^{\beta_0+\beta_1x_1+...+\beta_nx_n}}=\frac{e^{\beta^Tx}}{1+e^{\beta^Tx}}\), we can rewrite it as follows:
\[log (\mathbf{L})=\ell=\sum_{i=1}^{n}[y_i log (\frac{e^{\beta^Tx_i}}{1+e^{\beta^Tx_i}}) + (1-y_i) log(1-\frac{e^{\beta^Tx_i}}{1+e^{\beta^Tx_i}})]\] Before doing the derivative, we set. \[\frac{e^{\beta^Tx_i}}{1+e^{\beta^Tx_i}} = p(\beta ^T x_i)\]
\[log (\mathbf{L})=\ell=\sum_{i=1}^{n}[y_i log (p(\beta ^T x_i)) + (1-y_i) log(1-p(\beta ^T x_i))]\]
Note that, \(\frac{\partial p(\beta ^T x_i)}{\partial (\beta ^T x_i)} = p(\beta ^T x_i)(1-p(\beta ^T x_i))\). We will use it later.
\[\begin{aligned} \nabla \ell &= \sum_{i=1}^{n} [y_i \frac{1}{p(\beta ^T x_i)} \frac{\partial p(\beta ^T x_i)}{\partial (\beta ^T x_i)}\frac{\partial (\beta ^T x_i)}{\partial \beta}+(1-y_i) \frac{1}{1-p(\beta ^T x_i)}(-1)\frac{\partial p(\beta ^T x_i)}{\partial (\beta ^T x_i)}\frac{\partial (\beta ^T x_i)}{\partial \beta}] \\ &= \sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i^T[y_i \frac{1}{p(\beta ^T x_i)} p(\beta ^T x_i)(1-p(\beta ^T x_i))+(1-y_i) \frac{1}{1-p(\beta ^T x_i)}(-1)p(\beta ^T x_i)(1-p(\beta ^T x_i))] \\ &= \sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i^T[y_i \frac{1}{p(\beta ^T x_i)} p(\beta ^T x_i)(1-p(\beta ^T x_i))-(1-y_i) \frac{1}{1-p(\beta ^T x_i)}p(\beta ^T x_i)(1-p(\beta ^T x_i))] \\ &= \sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i^T[y_i (1-p(\beta ^T x_i))-(1-y_i) p(\beta ^T x_i)] \\ &=\sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i^T[y_i-y_ip(\beta ^T x_i)-p(\beta ^T x_i)+y_i p(\beta ^T x_i)] \\ &=\sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i^T[y_i-p(\beta ^T x_i)] \\ &= \sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i^T[y_i-\frac{e^{\beta^Tx_i}}{1+e^{\beta^Tx_i}}] \end{aligned}\]
As noted, the Newton Raphson algorithm needs the second order.
\[\begin{aligned} \nabla^2 \ell &=\frac{\partial \sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i^T[y_i-p(\beta ^T x_i)]}{\partial \beta} \\ &=-\sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i^T\frac{\partial p(\beta ^T x_i) }{\partial \beta}\\ &=-\sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i^T\frac{\partial p(\beta ^T x_i) }{\partial (\beta^Tx_i)} \frac{\partial (\beta^Tx_i)}{\partial \beta}\\ &=-\sum_{i=1}^{n} x_i^T p(\beta ^T x_i)(1-p(\beta ^T x_i))x_i \end{aligned}\]
The following are the data simulation (3 IVs and 1 DV) and Newton Raphson analysis.
# Data generation
set.seed(123)
n=500
x1_norm<-rnorm(n)
x2_norm<-rnorm(n,3,4)
x3_norm<-rnorm(n,4,6)
x_combined<-cbind(1,x1_norm,x2_norm,x3_norm) # dimension: n*4
coefficients_new<-c(1,2,3,4) #true regression coefficient
inv_logit<-function(x,b){exp(x%*%b)/(1+exp(x%*%b))}
prob_generated<-inv_logit(x_combined,coefficients_new)
y<-c()
for (i in 1:n) {y[i]<-rbinom(1,1,prob_generated[i])}
# Newton Raphson
#We need to set random starting values.
beta_old<-c(1,1,1,1)
tolerance=1e-3
max_its=2000;iteration=1;difference=2
W<-matrix(0,n,n)
while(difference>tolerance & iteration<max_its)
{
# The first order
f_firstorder<-t(x_combined)%*%(y-inv_logit(x_combined,beta_old))
# The second order
diag(W) = inv_logit(x_combined,beta_old)*(1-inv_logit(x_combined,beta_old))
f_secondorder<--t(x_combined)%*%W%*%x_combined
# Calculate the beta_updated
beta_updated=beta_old-(solve(f_secondorder)%*%f_firstorder)
difference=max(abs(beta_updated-beta_old));
iteration=iteration+1;
beta_old=beta_updated}
beta_old
## [,1]
## 0.9590207
## x1_norm 1.7974165
## x2_norm 3.0072303
## x3_norm 3.9578107
\[\frac{\partial \ell} {\partial \beta} = \sum_{i=1}^{n} [y_i \frac{1}{p(\beta ^T x_i)} \frac{\partial p(\beta ^T x_i)}{\partial (\beta ^T x_i)}\frac{\partial (\beta ^T x_i)}{\partial \beta}+(1-y_i) \frac{1}{1-p(\beta ^T x_i)}(-1)\frac{\partial p(\beta ^T x_i)}{\partial (\beta ^T x_i)}\frac{\partial (\beta ^T x_i)}{\partial \beta}] \] \[=\sum_{i=1}^{n} [y_i \frac{1}{p(\beta ^T x_i)} \phi (\beta ^T x_i)-(1-y_i) \frac{1}{1-p(\beta ^T x_i)}\phi (\beta ^T x_i)]x_i\]
\[\Phi(\beta_0+\beta_1x_1+\beta_2x_2+\beta_3x_3)= p(y=1)\]
# Data generation
n=500
x1_norm<-rnorm(n)
x2_norm<-rnorm(n)
x3_norm<-rnorm(n)
x_combined<-cbind(1,x1_norm,x2_norm,x3_norm)
coefficients_new<-c(2,2,3,3) #true regression coefficient
inv_norm<-function(x,b){pnorm(x%*%b)}
prob_generated<-inv_norm(x_combined,coefficients_new)
y<-c()
for (i in 1:n) {y[i]<-rbinom(1,1,prob_generated[i])}
# Newton Raphson
#We need to set random starting values.
x_old<-c(1,1,1,1)
tolerance=1e-3
max_its=2000;iteration=1;difference=2
while(difference>tolerance & iteration<max_its){
x_updated=x_old-(f_firstorder(x_old)/f_secondorder(x_old))
difference=abs(x_updated-x_old);
iteration=iteration+1;
x_old=x_updated
c_iteration<-c(c_iteration,x_updated)}
plot(c_iteration,type="b")
5.4 Metropolis Hastings
Metropolis–Hastings is a MCMC method for obtaining a sequence of random samples from a probability distribution from which direct sampling is difficult. By using the samples, we can plot the distribution (through histgram), or we can calculate the integral (e.g., you need to calculate the expected value).
(Side note: does this remind you the importance sampling? Very similiar!)
Basic logic (my own summary):
Set up a random starting value of \(x_0\).
Sample a \(y_0\) from the instrumental function of \(q(x)\).
Calculate the following:
\(p =\frac{f(y_0)}{f(x_0)}\frac{q(x_0)}{q(y_0)}\)
\(\rho=min(p, 1)\)
\(x_{1}=\begin{cases} y_0 & p \\ x_0 & 1-p \end{cases}\)
Repeat \(n\) times (\(n\) is set subjectively.)
Use normal pdf to sample gamma distribution
alpha=2.7; beta=6.3 # I randomly chose alpha and beta values for the target gamma function
Nsim=5000 ## define the number of iteration
X=c(rgamma(1,1)) # initialize the chain from random starting numbers
mygamma<-function(Nsim,alpha,beta){
for (i in 2:Nsim){
Y=rnorm(1)
rho=dgamma(Y,alpha,beta)*dnorm(X[i-1])/(dgamma(X[i-1],alpha,beta)*dnorm(Y))
X[i]=X[i-1] + (Y-X[i-1])*(runif(1)<rho)
}
X
}
hist(mygamma(Nsim,alpha,beta), breaks = 100)
5.5 EM
EM algorithm is an iterative method to find ML or maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimates of parameters.
Direct Ref: http://www.di.fc.ul.pt/~jpn/r/EM/EM.html
Suppose that we only observe \(X\), and do not know \(Z\). We thus need to construct the complete data of \((X, Z)\). Given \(p(Z|X,\theta)\), we can compute the likelihood of the complete dataset:
\[p(X, Z|\theta)=p(Z|X,\theta)p(X|\theta)\] The EM algorithm:
We got \(X\) and \(p(Z|X,\theta)\)
Random assign a \(\theta_0\), since we do not know any of them.
E-step: \(Q_{\theta_i} = E_{Z|X,\theta_i}[log p(X,Z|\theta)]\)
M-step: compute \(\theta_{i+1} \leftarrow argmax Q_{\theta_i}\)
If \(\theta_i\) and \(\theta_{i+1}\) are not close enough, \(\theta_i \leftarrow \theta_{i+1}\). Goto step 2.
For examples, you can refer to the following link: http://www.di.fc.ul.pt/~jpn/r/EM/EM.html
(It is em_R.r in R_codes folder. Personally, I can also refer to Quiz 2 in 536.)
5.6 References
- The UBC PDF about Newton
https://www.math.ubc.ca/~anstee/math104/newtonmethod.pdf
- Some other pages about Newton and logistic regression
http://www.win-vector.com/blog/2011/09/the-simpler-derivation-of-logistic-regression/
https://tomroth.com.au/logistic/
https://www.stat.cmu.edu/~cshalizi/350/lectures/26/lecture-26.pdf
https://www.stat.cmu.edu/~cshalizi/402/lectures/14-logistic-regression/lecture-14.pdf
http://hua-zhou.github.io/teaching/biostatm280-2017spring/slides/18-newton/newton.html
- MH


Violin plot allows to visualize the distribution of a numeric variable for one or several groups. Each ‘violin’ represents a group or a variable. The shape represents the density estimate of the variable: the more data points in a specific range, the larger the violin is for that range. It is really close to a boxplot, but allows a deeper understanding of the distribution.
Here is an example showing how people perceive probability. On the /r/samplesize thread of reddit, questions like What probability would you assign to the phrase “Highly likely” were asked. Answers between 0 and 100 were recorded, and here is the distribution for each question:
# Libraries
library(tidyverse)
library(hrbrthemes)
library(viridis)
# Load dataset from github
data <- read.table("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/zonination/perceptions/master/probly.csv", header=TRUE, sep=",")
data <- data %>%
gather(key="text", value="value") %>%
mutate(text = gsub("\\.", " ",text)) %>%
mutate(value = round(as.numeric(value),0)) %>%
filter(text %in% c("Almost Certainly","Very Good Chance","We Believe","Likely","About Even", "Little Chance", "Chances Are Slight", "Almost No Chance"))
# Plot
data %>%
mutate(text = fct_reorder(text, value)) %>%
ggplot( aes(x=text, y=value, fill=text, color=text)) +
geom_violin(width=2.1, size=0.2) +
scale_fill_viridis(discrete=TRUE) +
scale_color_viridis(discrete=TRUE) +
theme_ipsum() +
theme(
legend.position="none"
) +
coord_flip() +
xlab("") +
ylab("Assigned Probability (%)")
Disclaimer: This idea originally comes from a publication of the CIA which resulted in this figure. Then, Zoni Nation cleaned the reddit dataset and built graphics with R.
Violin plot is a powerful data visualization technique since it allows to compare both the ranking
of several groups and their distribution
. Surprisingly, it is less used than boxplot, even if it provides more information in my opinion.
Violins are particularly adapted when the amount of data is huge and showing individual observations gets impossible. For small datasets, a boxplot with jitter is probably a better option since it really shows all the information.
Violin plot are made vertically
most of the time. If you have long labels, building an horizontal
version like above make the labels more readable.
It is possible to display a boxplot in the violin: it allows to assess the median and quartiles in a glimpse. See the boxplot section for more info.
# create a dataset
data <- data.frame(
name=c( rep("A",500), rep("B",500), rep("B",500), rep("C",20), rep('D', 100) ),
value=c( rnorm(500, 10, 5), rnorm(500, 13, 1), rnorm(500, 18, 1), rnorm(20, 25, 4), rnorm(100, 12, 1) )
)
# sample size
sample_size = data %>% group_by(name) %>% summarize(num=n())
# Plot
data %>%
left_join(sample_size) %>%
mutate(myaxis = paste0(name, "\n", "n=", num)) %>%
ggplot( aes(x=myaxis, y=value, fill=name)) +
geom_violin(width=1.4) +
geom_boxplot(width=0.1, color="grey", alpha=0.2) +
scale_fill_viridis(discrete = TRUE) +
theme_ipsum() +
theme(
legend.position="none",
plot.title = element_text(size=11)
) +
ggtitle("A Violin wrapping a boxplot") +
xlab("")
# Load dataset from github
data <- read.table("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/holtzy/data_to_viz/master/Example_dataset/10_OneNumSevCatSubgroupsSevObs.csv", header=T, sep=",") %>%
mutate(tip = round(tip/total_bill*100, 1))
# Grouped
data %>%
mutate(day = fct_reorder(day, tip)) %>%
mutate(day = factor(day, levels=c("Thur", "Fri", "Sat", "Sun"))) %>%
ggplot(aes(fill=sex, y=tip, x=day)) +
geom_violin(position="dodge", alpha=0.5, outlier.colour="transparent") +
scale_fill_viridis(discrete=T, name="") +
theme_ipsum() +
xlab("") +
ylab("Tip (%)") +
ylim(0,40)
# Load dataset from github
data <- read.table("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/zonination/perceptions/master/probly.csv", header=TRUE, sep=",")
data <- data %>%
gather(key="text", value="value") %>%
mutate(text = gsub("\\.", " ",text)) %>%
mutate(value = round(as.numeric(value),0)) %>%
filter(text %in% c("Almost Certainly","Very Good Chance","We Believe","Likely","About Even", "Little Chance", "Chances Are Slight", "Almost No Chance"))
library(ggridges)
data %>%
mutate(text = fct_reorder(text, value)) %>%
ggplot( aes(y=text, x=value, fill=text)) +
geom_density_ridges(alpha=0.6, bandwidth=4) +
scale_fill_viridis(discrete=TRUE) +
scale_color_viridis(discrete=TRUE) +
theme_ipsum() +
theme(
legend.position="none",
panel.spacing = unit(0.1, "lines"),
strip.text.x = element_text(size = 8)
) +
xlab("") +
ylab("Assigned Probability (%)")
The R and Python graph galleries are 2 websites providing hundreds of chart example, always providing the reproducible code. Click the button below to see how to build the chart you need with your favorite programing language.
R graph gallery Python gallery
Any thoughts on this? Found any mistake? Disagree? Please drop me a word on twitter or in the comment section below:
A work by Yan Holtz for data-to-viz.com


>
This is part of the old website. New website begins at fontforge.github.io
Are you a web developer? Help us migrate this page on Github
- A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z -
Fonts are collections of glyphs with some form of mapping from character to glyph.
These two points were so arranged that text at a given point-size would have approximately the same cap-height in both systems, the didot point would have extra white-space above the capitals to contain the accents present in most non-English Latin based scripts.
This has the interesting side effect that a font designed for European usage should have a smaller proportion of the vertical em given over to the text body. I believe that computer fonts tend to ignore this, so presumably european printers now set with more leading.
As far as I can tell, computers tend to work in pica points (but this may be because I am in the US).


Constructor
new Layer(viewer)
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
viewer |
the viewer to associate with |
Properties:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
layers |
the ViewportCalibratedCanvas layer objects | |
delayers |
the ProxyTool delayers which hold image coordinates | |
visibleLayers |
the names of visible layers |
Methods
drawVisible(onto)
draws all visible layers
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
onto |
the canvas object to draw layers onto |
getLayer(name)
gets a layer, creating it if it does not exist, and sets it visible
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
name |
the layer to get and activate |
hideLayer(name)
hides a layer, but does not delete the associated data - can be seemlessly reactivated
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
name |
the layer to hide |
resetAll()
clears all layer and delayer data, associated with changing image
showLayer()
clears all layer and delayer data, associated with changing image


About us
It was the summer of 2017 when Our team decided to open a cafetaria. With mouth-watering dishes prepared by the founders themselves, The Barbeque Nation soon became the most popular neighbourhood restaurant. Today, Our Cafetaria is about much more than dishes. From freshly sauteed pizzas & delicious appetizers to mocktails, non-veg dishes and salads, we have a wide range for you to feast on. All this, combined with the warm, inviting ambience and friendly service, will lead to endless conversations, laughter and memories that you'll cherish forever. So, let your hair down and feel at ease. Go ahead and enjoy the All Barbeque Nation experience!


Welcome to the blog!
There are many variations of passages of Lorem Ipsum available,
but the majority have suffered alteration in some form,
by injected humour, or randomised words which don't look
even slightly believable.
Author: Bridget Sarah
Last Modified: 15/02/19
Tags: HTML, CSS, Python, Django,
Welcome to the blog!
There are many variations of passages of Lorem Ipsum available,
but the majority have suffered alteration in some form,
by injected humour, or randomised words which don't look
even slightly believable.
Author: Bridget Sarah
Last Modified: 15/02/19
Tags: HTML, CSS, Python, Django,


DEAR SIR, REQUEST FOR ASSISTANCE. I AM MRS CECILIA MARK AKU WIDOW OF LATE MARK ISHAYA AKU, MINISTER OF SPORTS AND YOUTH IN NIGERIA WHO DIED ON 4TH APIRL 2002 ON A PLANE CRASH. I HAVE BEEN INFORMED BY MY FAMILY ATTORNEY BARRISTER JAMES MOSES THAT MY LATE HUSBAND DEPOSITED TWO TRUNK BOXES OF MONEYIN A SAFE KEEPING COMPANY AMOUNTING THIRTY-FIVE MILLION FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND UNITED STATES DOLLARS US$35,500,000) IN HIS FAVOUR. THE ATTORNEY NOW ADVISE I TO SEEK IN CONFIDENCE A FOREIGN PARTNER WHO CAN STAND AND RETRIEVE THESE BOXES AND BE TRANSFERRED FOR DISBURSEMENT AS DIRECTED BY MY LATE HUSBAND IN HIS WILL. IT HAS BEEN RESOLVED THAT 20 %(US$7,100,000) WILL BE YOUR SHARE FOR YOUR ASSISTANCE FOR THIS PURPOSE AND ANY OTHER ASSISTANCE YOU WILL GIVE IN THAT REGARD, 10 %( US$3,550,000) HAS BEEN SLATED FOR REIMBURSEMENT FOR ALL LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL EXPENSES WHICH MAY BE INCURED IN THE TRANSFER PROCESS AND 5 %( US$1,775,000) HAS BEEN CONCEDED TO THE LOCAL BANK MANAGER THAT WILL BE ASSSISTING AND FACILITATINGTHE TRANSFER. FINALLY 65 %( US$23,075,000)WILL COME TO MYSELF AND CHILDREN AND A GOOD PART OF THIS SHALL BE DIRECTED TOWARDS EXECUTING HIS WILL WHICH IS TO BUY SHARES AND STOCKS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES TO SECURE HIS CHILDRENS FUTURE. TO FACILITATE THE CONCLUSION OF THIS TRANSACTION, IF ACCEPTED, DO SEND TO ME PROMPTLY BY E-MAIL. THE FOLLOWING: 3. FAX AND TELEPHONE NUMBERS THROUGH WHICH YOU WILL BE CONTACTED PROMPTLY WHENEVER YOUR ATTENTION AND ASSISTANCE MAY BE REQUIRED, SO THAT MY ATTORNEY CAN REACH YOU.  I SHALL COMMENCE THE PROCESS OF RETRIEVING THE WILL IMMEDIATELY I HERE FROM YOU. MAY I AT THIS POINT EMPHASIZE THE HIGH LEVEL OF CONFIDENTIALITY WHICH THIS BUSINESS DEMANDS AND HOPE YOU WILL NOT BETRAY THE TRUST AND CONFIDENCE WHICH I REPOSE IN YOU.  PLEASE GIVE THIS MATTER A PROMPT AND QUICK REPLY. PLEASE YOU WILL NEED TO DISCUS WITH MY FAMILY ATTORNEY BARRISTER JAMES MOSES TOWARDS THE EFFECTIVE COMPLETION OF THIS RANSACTION.  BEST WISHES. MRS CECILIA MARK AKU


{foreach $goods as $good}
{/foreach}
{$good->name}
{:setStr(strip_tags($good->content),20)}
{if $good->a_price!=0 && $good->a_price<$good->price}
{$good->price}(元)
{$good->a_price}(元)
{else/}
{$good->price}(元)
{/if}


+++ title = "What happened in Thailand..." slug = "what-happened-in-thailand" date = 2008-02-14T12:00:00+10:00 tags = ["too-crazy", "for-your-information"] locations = ["thailand"] draft = false summary = """
Stays in Thailand.
The end.
""" +++Stays in Thailand.
The end.


GURPS Character Generator
List
Editor
Existing Characters
Update
Save as New
Name:
Player:
Height:
Weight:
Size Modifier:
Age:
Appearance:
ST
DX
IQ
HT
HP
Per
Will
FP
Basic Lift:
20
Basic Speed:
Basic Move:
Damage:
Advantages & Perks
Disadvantages & Quirks
Skills
Inventory


Joy of Learning & Creativity.
We’ve been building unique digital products, platforms, and experiences for the past 6 years.
JSS PUBLIC SCHOOL, is located in a sprawling 22 acre campus in out skirt of Huvina Hadagali town in Bellary District, which is about 140 Km from Bellary. The town is famed for its Jasmine flowers and also known as “MALLIGE NADU”. The school which was started in June 2009 has been designed and equipped for dispensation of quality school education. The institution is backed by highly qualified and experienced staff, well equipped laboratories, library, Sports ground and modern teaching aid
Coming together is a BEGINNING Keeping together is PROGRESS Going together is SUCCESS – Henry Ford
We’ve been building platforms, and experiences for the past 6 years.
We emphasis on practical aspect of teaching.Our open-door policy ensures continuous communication between parents and teachers.Our teachers play the roles of mentors and friends to our students.Our casual atmosphere encourages friendly interaction between students and teachers.
Director
Principal
Vice-Principal
School-Head
If you have any question


Description
There is so much you can do with music. Music is a very
beautiful form of expression. It tunes in to our emotions
and allows us to show how we feel. Paired with lyrics,
music is a story that you can tell. A canvas of sound.
The first step to getting there is first knowing how to
make music happen. This site will help you get there.
I have been making music since I was around 12 years old.
My uncle inspired me to pursue this hobby that he has been
doing for years. My family is very musically oriented.
I would even go as far to say that music is in my blood.
Making music is an awesome way for me to be creative.


Preparation time
1-2 hours
Cooking time
10 to 30 mins
Serves
Serves 4
Dietary
Chocolate mousse is very easy to make and this version only needs an hour to chill before serving. This recipe comes from the chef's mother.
For the salted caramel sauce, place the sugar, two tablespoons water and golden syrup in a saucepan and bring to a boil, stirring occasionally. When the sugar has turned a rich amber colour, remove from the heat and stir in the butter, cream and salt. Pour into a bowl, cover the surface with clingfilm and cool completely.
For the mousse, melt the chocolate and butter in a bowl set over a pan of simmering water - ensuring that the bottom of the bowl does not touch the water. Set aside to cool a little. Then whisk the egg yolks into the cooled chocolate mixture.
In a separate bowl, whisk the egg whites to a light foam then add the caster sugar and whisk again until soft peaks form when the whisk is removed. Stir a third of the egg whites into the chocolate mixture. Then carefully fold in the remaining egg whites until well incorporated.
Pour a tablespoon of salted caramel sauce into the bottom of each serving glass. Top with one-third of the mousse mixture. Drizzle over enough sauce to cover the mousse. Repeat this layering with mousse and caramel, finishing with a final layer of mousse. Refrigerate for an hour before serving. If chilled for longer, remove 30 minutes before serving. Finish with a dollop of whipped cream.
You need JavaScript to view this clip.
How to fold egg whites into a mixture
You need JavaScript to view this clip.
Melting chocolate
Try Fernando de Castilla, Antique Pedro Ximenez


This sample application demonstrates how to use the cordova-azure-notification-hubs plugin in a Cordova application. The app displays alert dialogs when the app successfully registers and when it receives a notification message.
Registering device...


Hi Folks,
I'm trying to get my emontx talking to my beagle bone black through serial connection.
So far I've read the other posts on the topic and have both of the devices talking to each other.
- I'm running the sketch for serial connection https://github.com/openenergymonitor/emonTxFirmware/blob/master/emonTxV3/noRF/emonTxV3_DirectSerial/emonTxV3_DirectSerial.ino
- I'm using the latest code for emonhub from github on the bbb.
It seems with the serial communication between my serial node and emonhub I can't get emonhub to agree with the datacodes values. My emonhub.conf is as follows:
[[Serial]]
Type = EmonHubSerialInterfacer
[[[init_settings]]]
com_port = /dev/ttyO2
com_baud = 9600
[[[runtimesettings]]]
pubchannels = ToEmonCMS,
subchannels = ToSerial,
basetopic = emonhub/
[[10]]
nodename = emonTx_1
firmware =V1_6_emonTxV3_4_DiscreteSampling.ino
hardware = emonTx_(NodeID_DIP_Switch1:OFF)
#hardware = emonTx_1
[[[rx]]]
names = power1, power2, power3, power4, Vrms, temp1, temp2, temp3, temp4, temp5, temp6, pulse #Firmware V1.6
#names = power1, power2, power3, power4, Vrms, temp #Firmware =<V1.4 (un-comment)
datacodes =h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h
scales = 1,1,1,1,0.01,0.1,0.1, 0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1,1 #Firmware V1.6
units =W,W,W,W,V,C,C,C,C,C,C,p #FirmwareV1.6
#scales = 1,1,1,1,0.01,0.1 #Firmware =<V1.4 (un-comment)
#units =W,W,W,W,V,C #Firmware =<V1.4 (un-comment)
There error I'm getting is that the size of the data recieved is not matching that of the calculated datacodes.
2015-03-02 04:01:32,325 DEBUG Serial 1 NEW FRAME : 10 0 0 0 0 24620 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 19909with size 52
2015-03-02 04:01:32,329 DEBUG Serial ######ALP DEBUG: nodeid 10 size 12 data [0, 0, 0, 0, 24620, 3000, 3000, 3000, 3000, 3000, 3000, 19909]
2015-03-02 04:01:32,335 DEBUG Serial Printing Datacodes ['h', 'h', 'h', 'h', 'h', 'h', 'h', 'h', 'h', 'h', 'h', 'h']
2015-03-02 04:01:32,339 WARNING Serial 1 RX data length: 12 is not valid for datacodes ['h', 'h', 'h', 'h', 'h', 'h', 'h', 'h', 'h', 'h', 'h', 'h']calculated datasize: 24
2015-03-02 04:01:32,342 WARNING Serial 1 RX data length: 12 is not valid for datacodes ['h', 'h', 'h', 'h', 'h', 'h', 'h', 'h', 'h', 'h', 'h', 'h']calculated datasize: 24
Note i've added some extra debugging to emon_interfacer.py to try to figure out the problem.
What's interesting is I've compared the same data sent with the RF sketch to the emonpi and added the same debug logging there.
emon pi raw: [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 136, 97, 184, 11, 184, 11, 184, 11, 184, 11, 184, 11, 184, 11, 1, 0]
emon pi parsed: [0, 0, 0, 0, 249.68, 300, 300, 300, 300, 300, 300, 1]
bbb: [0, 0, 0, 0, 24945, 3000, 3000, 3000, 3000, 3000, 3000, 19907]
on the emon pi this works when the data comes through RF and the datasize appears as 24 but on the bbb through serial the same data size is 12. Not sure where the difference is here.
Thanks again for any assistance.
All the best,
Alp
Re: Emontx_V3 serial direct problems
Hi Alp
The main difference between the rf and non-rf versions of the sketch is that the rf version packages the data up as a stream of byte values which emonHub needs to reconstruct to real values, hence the datacodes are the key whereas the non-rf version prints all the characters of each value to the serial port, so the latter doesn't need decoding just reading.
ie in your "emon pi raw:" example the 136 and 97 are 2 bytes of the integer 24968, which is then scaled by 0.01 to reach the "emon pi parsed:" value of 249.68. however the same value is passed as the string of characters "249.68" via the Serial.print() of the non-rf version
Use " datacode = 0" to define "zero decoding required" or "datacodes = 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0" to define 12 values which do not require decoding"
Paul
Re: Emontx_V3 serial direct problems
Hi Paul,
That makes complete sense , I figured it was something like that. Does it make sense to update the wiki documentation for a serial connection accordingly? I'm happy to do this if no one else is up for it!
All the best,
Alp


Parallel computing is a cost-effective method for efficient resolution of problems and was used as tool for modeling real complex phenomena like a lava flow, or snowflakes. Many techniques were developed in order to exploit the power of parallelization differing from each other primarily for the underlying parallel architecture they are designed for (see chapter [chap:parallelArchitectures]). In this work we adopted GPUs to accelerate the SCIARA-fv3 lava flow (see section [sect:SCIARA_MODEL])cellular automata model82 following the APOD parallelizing methodology (see section [sect:APOD]) and hence, different parallel versions of the model were produced, incrementally adopting new features and strategies in order to achieve better performances.
The versions produced have been:
A basic and simple porting consisting in mapping each cell of the
cellular space to a CUDA thread. Most part of the scaffolding code was
produced here because all the algorithms and data structures, used in
the serial code, that have prevented the parallelism have been
identified and handled (see section [sect:topLevelStrategies] and
[sect:naiveImplementation]) .
A first important optimization strategy was adopted here in order
to mitigate the problem of IDLE allocated threads (see section
[sect:idleThreadsDevOccupancy]), that limits the occupancy of the
device. The computation is limited only within the boundaries of a
rectangle that has the property of containing all the active cells (see
sections [sect:serialoptimization] and [sect:RBBOptimization] )
A deep analysis on memory accesses was performed to select buffers
and variables more often accessed in kernel code in order to take
advantage of the shared memory (see sections [shareMemory] and
[sect:sharedMemoryOptimization])
A family of two versions exploiting CUDA atomic functions
was developed as solution to the problem of race-conditions while
distributing flows among cells (see algorithm [alg:distribution])
RBB-atomic : A porting of the RBB version introduced before without utilizing the flow’s substates (see section [sect:raceCondAvoiding]) for lava flow distribution.
List active cells and atomic functions : IDLE cells and related IDLE threads have been found to be the most prominent limiting factor in exploiting GPU power. This version implements a mechanism that tries to avoid almost completely this issue, showing very good improvements in performances (see section [sect:linearCellAtomic]).


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% set title = _('Overview') %} {% block body %}
|
{%trans%}First steps with MPContribs{%endtrans%} {%trans%}Contents{%endtrans%} |
{%trans%}Search page{%endtrans%} {%trans%}General Index{%endtrans%} |
{%trans%}Huck, P.; Jain, A.; Gunter, D.; Winston, D.; Persson K.;
“A Community Contribution Framework for Sharing Materials Data with Materials Project”
Proceedings of 2015 IEEE 11th International Conference on eScience,
IEEE Computer Society, arXiv:1510.05024{%endtrans%}
{%trans%}Huck, P.; Cholia, S.; Gunter, D.; Winston, D.; N'Diaye, A. T.; Persson K.;
“User Applications Driven by the Community Contribution Framework MPContribs in the Materials Project”
Proceedings of 10th Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (2015),
Concurrency in Computation: Practice and Experience, arXiv:1510.05727{%endtrans%}


The Angular Material tooltip provides a text label that is displayed when the user hovers over or longpresses an element.
The tooltip will be displayed below the element but this can be configured using the matTooltipPosition
input.
The tooltip can be displayed above, below, left, or right of the element. By default the position
will be below. If the tooltip should switch left/right positions in an RTL layout direction, then
the positions before
and after
should be used instead of left
and right
, respectively.
| Position | Description |
|---|---|
above |
Always display above the element |
below |
Always display beneath the element |
left |
Always display to the left of the element |
right |
Always display to the right of the element |
before |
Display to the left in left-to-right layout and to the right in right-to-left layout |
after |
Display to the right in left-to-right layout and to the right in right-to-left layout |
The tooltip is immediately shown when the user's mouse hovers over the element and immediately
hides when the user's mouse leaves. A delay in showing or hiding the tooltip can be added through
the inputs matTooltipShowDelay
and matTooltipHideDelay
.
On mobile, the tooltip is displayed when the user longpresses the element and hides after a delay of 1500ms. The longpress behavior requires HammerJS to be loaded on the page.
The tooltip can also be shown and hidden through the show
and hide
directive methods,
which both accept a number in milliseconds to delay before applying the display change.
To turn off the tooltip and prevent it from showing to the user, use the matTooltipDisabled
input flag.
Elements with the matTooltip
will add an aria-describedby
label that provides a reference
to a visually hidden element containing the tooltip's message. This provides screenreaders the
information needed to read out the tooltip's contents when the end-user focuses on the element
triggering the tooltip.


So what is happening mathematically?
When we apply the \(H\) gate to \(|0\rangle\), we make the state \(|+\rangle = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(|0\rangle + |1\rangle)\) (we’ve performed a size-2 discrete Fourier transform). This is the standard representation of a superposition state. We can define the state \(|-\rangle = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(|0\rangle -|1\rangle)\), which with \(|+\rangle\) forms a new basis called the diagonal (or conjugate) basis. It is made using the second circuit below. The \(H\) creates the above superposition, and then the \(Z\), which previously did nothing, now flips the phase (\(|1\rangle\) to \(-|1\rangle\)). When you run this circuit you will find that, like before, the outcomes are equal. Different states give the same outcomes!
To tell the difference between these states, we need to measure in the diagonal basis. In our experiments we cannot physically change the measurement; however, we can effectively change the measurement using gates before measurement. To measure in the diagonal basis, the standard basis (\(Z\)) is rotated to the diagonal basis (\(X\)) with a Hadamard gate before the measurement.
Try Superposition (+) X Measurement and Superposition (-) X Measurement below in simulation. You should find that 100% of the time the outcome is 0 and 1 respectively. That is, if we make a measurement in the standard basis, the outcome is completely uniform – but in the diagonal basis, it has deterministic outcome. No measurement can distinguish all four kinds of states \(|0\rangle\), \(|1\rangle\), \(|+\rangle\), \(|-\rangle\). This is not a limitation of the measurement, but a fundamental consequence of the uncertainty principle. (This limitation gives rise to the possibility of quantum money and quantum cryptography.)
A third commonly-used basis is the circular (or \(Y\)) basis: \(|\circlearrowright\rangle = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(|0\rangle+i|1\rangle)\), \(|\circlearrowleft\rangle = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(|0\rangle-i|1\rangle)\). To make the \(|\circlearrowright\rangle\) state we will use \(S\), the phase gate. This gate applies a complex phase to \(|1\rangle\). By applying an \(H\) followed by an \(S\) gate to the \(|0 \rangle\) state, you can obtain \(|\circlearrowright \rangle\). Try to figure out how to get the \(|\circlearrowleft\rangle\) on your own.
Like the above example, measurement in the standard basis will not give you different statistics. Even measurement in the diagonal basis will be random. To measure in this basis, we must rotate the standard basis (\(Z\)) to the circular basis (\(Y\)). To do this, use an \(S^\dagger\) followed by \(H\) before your measurement.


Introduction
This protocol aims to discover links between Wikipedia pages inherent our topic, in order to find out connections, clustering and alignments of themes around a specific area of knowledge.
This protocol aims to discover links between Wikipedia pages inherent our topic, in order to find out connections, clustering and alignments of themes around a specific area of knowledge.
The nodes represent Wikipedia pages. A link from node A to node B means that in the page A there is a See also linked to page B. The dimension of node is related to number of link to that node. The more nodes are close, the more they are related to each other.
After having scraped the area of Wikipedia that interested us, we cleared the data set from the imperfect pages naming that often made nodes double. After that, nodes with a single connection were eliminated from the vizualization in Gephi. In the end we generated the graph of the network, spatializing with Force Atlas 2 and colouring the main clusters.
There some main macro-cluster, visible as variations of nodes density. A) A top-left one about digital rights, copyright, copyleft and file sharing. B) Moving to the top-right side we found a densification about Bitcoin, Tor network, anonymity in many of its forms (virtual or not) and other ways to avoid being "spied" (cryptograpgy, anonymity softwares and so on). C) In the middle of the graph there is a wide addensation that plays mostly the role of bridge, expecially linked to the top part. It deals with censorship, in particular on internet (the biggest bridge node), freedom of expression, Hactivism and internet activism, data privacy and content control, Anonymous group and Wikileaks close to phenomena that the web brought back to attection like privacy, identity theft and ideology like Libertarian socialism and freedom of information. D) After a gap, moving to the bottom, there is a macro-cluster opposite to the top one also for its topics: traffic analysis, cyber spying, mass surveillance (the biggest bridge of the entire network), most of the tools adopted to act it and some of the main cases like ECHELON and COINTELPRO. E) On the right we can see a related but less interesting addensation about drugs and the war on them. F) On the bottom-left there is a macro-cluster about data mining, social media, metadata and other ways of web and society analysis. G) At last, after a little gap, we find the "counterpart" of the macro-cluster G: computer and information security, access control, authentication and identity management.
A.1) Copyright and digital rights, with other micro-clusters divided by sub-topic (software, arts...), not very interesting for our research. The main bridge node is "Anti Counterfeiting Trade Agreement", in the middle of the cluster. A.2) Virtual private networks, open VPN and so on. B.1) Bitcoin and other ways of payment not easily traceable. B.2) The most important cluster of this area, including "Tor (anonymity network)", anonymous P2P, I2P (the main central bridges), anonimity, privacy software, Pretty Good Privacy (the main bridges to the central part of the network) and Crypto-anarchism and Agorism (the main bridges to the left part). All this areas is linked to each other and to the other in the central part mostly by the bridge node "Freedom of information". The middle of the network is made by a lot of micro-clusters about ideologies, very relevant but not so interestint becuase they are generic. However it is interesting to note that the nodes are the main bridge nodes are, from the top to the bottom, or rather more related to pro-anonymity or to against-anonymity: internet censorship, internet privacy, data privacy, Hacktivism, content control softwares, Anonymous group, censorship, whistleblowering, indentity theft and privacy. This last node together with "Traffic analysis" lead to the against-anonymity clusters. D.1) The particular case COINTELPRO with its related nodes, not particularly close to our research. D.2) A cluster about spying, cyber spying, industrial espionage and so on. D.3) The most important cluster of this area, about surveillance and mass surveillance, also divided in the most active country in the world and their control agencies and laws. Then there are many other small micro-clusters in this area, not very interesting, except for the central bridge and linked nodes of telecomunication data retention. The bottom-left macro-cluster is not very interesting for our research, although it is parted in several micro-clusters. The central-left, instead, is more juicy. G.1) A smaller cluster about data governance, closely related to the macro-cluster F. G.2) The main cluster about computer and information security and identity management (that are also the main bridge nodes of the area) with the related laws. In the network there are also several micro- cluster and quite isoleted nodes, much less interesting. The most interesting areas, at last, are the cluster B.2 supporting Tor network and the cluster D.3 against the excess of freedom and anonymity that this technology brings. In the middle we can find the motivation that the actors of the controversy can take to prove their own points.


I'm Full Stack Developer, looking for my next position. Skilled in React, JavaScript, CSS/HTML, Node.js, Express.js and PostgresSQL. Also familiar with C++, Python, java, C, C# and MATLAB.
I’m highly motivated and eager to contribute and learn. I'm a team player, collaborative and sociable, creative and ready to face new challenges.
View ResumeMagic Brain will detect faces in your picture. Using React, Node.js, Express.js and PostgreSQL
Displays cards of robots with image, name and email. It fetches data from an API. This project using React.js, Redux


Get your bingo card for a meeting
Click the button below to generate your bingo card and then print it out.
Generate bingo card