Jeff is short for Jeffrey which is a common English name which originated from either:
The meaning of Jeffrey varies slightly per region:
Jeff Bezos is the CEO of Amazon.com, the world's largest internet sales company which is also the world's largest provider of cloud infrastructure services through Amazon Web Services, and founder of Blue Origin a human spaceflight startup company. As of October 2017, Jeff Bezos is also the richest person in the world.
He previously graduated from Princeton University with Bachelor of Science degrees in electrical engineering and computer science. After graduation, Bezos worked on Wall Street in the computer science field working for companies such as Fitel, Bankers Trust, and hedge fund D.E. Shaw & Co.
Jeff Dean is one of key engineers at Google. Here are some true facts associated with Jeff Dean (Source: Quora):
Jeff Dean previously graduated from University of Washington with a Ph.D. in Computer science and a Bachelors of Science from the University of Minnesota in Computer Science and Economics. He previously worked at DEC/Compaq's Western Research Laboratory and worked at the World Health Organization's Global Programme on AIDs and developing software and statistical modeling and forecasting for HIV/AIDS.
Jeff Dunham is an American ventriloquist and comedian who has been featured on various television shows like Comedy Central Presents, Late Show with David Letterman, The Tonight Show, and others.
Jeff Dunham was ranked by Forbes.com as the third highest-paid comedian in the United States behind Jerry Seinfeld and Chris Rock. He achieved the Guinness Book of World Records record for "Most tickets sold for a stand-up comedy tour" for his Spark of Insanity tour.
Jeff Gordon is a former professional NASCAR driver who drove the No. 24 Chevrolet and is third on the all-time Cup wins list with 93 career wins, the most in the last 40 years in NASCAR. He has won the Sprint (Monster Energy) Cup 4 times and Daytona 500 3 times. In 1998 Jeff Gordon was on NASCAR's 50 greatest drivers list and in 2008 was ranked as 10th in the 25 Greatest Drivers of All Time with Foxsports.com naming him the 5th best NASCAR driver of all time.
Jeff Gordon was born in Vallejo, California and raised in Pittsboro, Indiana. He currently lives in Charlotte, North Carolina and is currently an announcer for Fox NASCAR.
Jeff Foxworthy is a Comedian who is a member of the Blue Collar Comedy Tour with Larry the Cable Guy, Bill Engvall, and Ron White. Jeff Foxworthy has released 6 comedy albums with his first 2 certified 3x Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)
Foxworthy was born in Atlanta, Georgia and attended Georgia Tech, but left before graduating. Afterwards he worked for 5 years in mainframe computer maintenance at IBM before starting his comedy career.
Note: I unfortunately couldn't find any Jeff Foxworthy GIFs so here is Bo Burnham instead
"Jeffrey" Ja Rule is an American Rapper, Singer, and song writer. He has earned 4 Grammy nominations and 6 top 10 albums with several hits in the top 20 of the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart including:
Ja Rule was born in the Queens borough of New York City and made headlines for recently promoting the Fyre Festival which experienced problems related to security, food, and accommodations along with 8 lawsuits.
"Jeffrey" J. J. Abrams is an American film director known for a variety of movies such as:
Abrams was born in New York City, but raised in Los Angeles as the son of television producer Gerald W. Abrams and executive producer Carol Ann Abrams.
Jeff Bridges is an Academy Award winning American actor who is well known for his portrayal as The Dude in The Big Lebowski. Other films that Jeff Bridges has starred in:
Jeff Bridges was born in Los Angeles, California and the son of actor Lloyd Bridges and actress Dorothy Bridges.
Jeff Goldblum is an American actor who has received nominations for an Oscar, an Emmy, a Genie, and a Drama Desk Award throughout his career. His most famous movies include:
Goldblum was born and raised in West Homestead, Pennsylvania. He moved to New York City at 17 to become an actor and is also an accomplished jazz pianist.
Jefe is a fictional character played by Channing Tatum in 22 Jump Street.
Source:Chen, meaning "old" is one of the most common East Asian last names with a Chinese origin. It is the 5th most common last name in China and most common last name in:
Chen comes from Gui, one of the last names of Gui Man (Duke Hu of Chen), a descendant of Emperor Shun. When Chen was conquered by the Chu state in 479 B.C. the people of Chen took on the last name.
Chen Baxian later created the Chen Dynasty (557-589) which was eventually destroyed by the Sui Dynasty. Fujian was the original home of the Chen clan before it migrated under Trần Kinh to Dai Viet and set up the Trần dynasty which ruled Vietnam.
Chen also is the 150th most popular name in the U.S. with 169,580 people in the 2010 Census using the last name Chen.
Whew. Glad you made it through that. I promise I didn't make any of those names or places up.
Note: Not going to lie here, I thought these variations seemed pretty different, but Wikipedia promises these are all the same last name.
Just kidding - all of those are made up since Google couldn't find any Chen nicknames.
Jackie Chan is an actor, martial artist, director, stuntman, producer, stuntmnat, and singer who is famous for his acrobatic fighting style and acting in over 150 films. Some of his films include:
Jackie Chan was born in Hong Kong and began his career in small roles when he was five as a child actor. He started appearing in movies at the age of eight and has been acting in movies ever since.
Steven Chen is one of the co-founders and previous chief technology officer of Youtube. He was originally an employee at PayPal and an early employee at Facebook, but left after several months to start YouTube. Youtube was later sold to Google, Inc. for $1.65 billion.
Steven was born in Taipei, Taiwan, but later graduated from University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign and now lives in San Francisco, CA.
Chen Shui-bian was previously the President of the Republic of China (Taiwan) from 2000 to 2008. He is also the first president from the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) ending Kuomintang's (KMT) 50+ years of continuous rule in Taiwan.
Chen was born to an impoverished tenant farming family in Tainan City. He graduated from National Taiwan University with a Law degree and passed the bar exams his junior year with the highest score and became Taiwan's youngest lawyer.
Priscilla is the wife of the co-founder and CEO of Facebook Mark Zuckerberg and is an American pediatrician and philanthropist. She and her husband have pledged more than $1.6 Billion to charities and as of December 2016, they pledged to donate 99% of their Facebook shares valued at $45 Billion to the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative to improve health and education.
Priscilla was born in Braintree, Massachusetts, attended Harvard University, graduated medical school at University of California, San Francisco, and now lives in Palo Alto, CA.
Chen Ding is a Chinese racewalker who won a gold medal in the 2012 Summer Olympics with a new Olympic Record of 1:18:46 in the 20km racewalk event. He was born in Yunan China in 1992.
Chen is a ranged intelligence hero, known as a support that is difficult to learn due to heavy reliance on micromanagement, but once mastered, can become a powerful ganker, and is one of the strongest early pushers in game.


--- layout: page title: About header-img: "img/about-bg.png" ---
I'm a father of two baby girls and husband to most amazing wife and mother. I have spend years trying to learn one of the languages and get into teach filed. Currently fully employed in energy industry and when last year budget cuts began it was a sign that I need to make a carrier change for good. A carrier that would allow me to continue expand my knowledge, have a good life work balance and provide for the future of my family.


{{ head }}
To format icons from frameworks like Font Awesome you can use the icon
wrapper. You have also the ability to use UTF-8
icons. Icons can be used in a lot of
components line buttons, cards and menus
🚁

🍩

🍭

🍔


Virgil van Dijk explains why he didn't celebrate Liverpool scoring vs Man City
Liverpool's opening goal was checked by VAR after Trent Alexander-Arnold handled the ball in the build-up, but his arm was adjudged to be in a natural position
by Jake Polden, https://www.mirror.co.uk/authors/jake-polden/Virgil van Dijk says he didn't celebrate Liverpool's opener against Manchester City because he was worried VAR was going to rule it out.
Trent Alexander-Arnold handled the ball in the Reds box, around 20 seconds before Liverpool hit City on the break and opened the scoring through Fabinho.
The Man City players surrounded referee Mike Riley and VAR checked to see if the Liverpool right-back had indeed touched the ball.
He had, which he even later admitted, but it was deemed that his arm was not in an unnatural position, meaning the goal stood and no penalty was awarded.
Explaining how this incident impacted his reaction to the opener, Van Dijk told Sky Sports: "Every goal you know now you have to wait anyway, so I wasn't even celebrating I think.
"But in the end the VAR gives it so you have to just keep carrying on, you can't change it anymore. I think I saw Bernardo Silva hitting it first [with his hand] and maybe Trent hit it as well.
"What can I say? I can say a lot of things, but if the VAR gives it then you have to accept it."
He added: "We all know and we all feel that there's so many games left, so many things can happen between now and mid-May.
"So the only thing we can do is hopefully stay fit, all of us, we need everyone, and play as well as we can.
"Obviously we're very happy with the position we're in right now, but we shouldn't take it for granted – and we won't. But we have to just keep going and take it game by game."
Pep Guardiola was furious that play wasn't brought back and a penalty awarded, and was animated on the touchline as he confronted the match officials.
After the game he was asked for his opinions on the incident, but bit his tongue.
"Ask the referees, don't ask me. Ask Mike Riley and the guys in VAR. Don't ask me, we tried to do our job," said Guardiola. "I would like to talk about our performance, it was so good.
"I know the way teams play when they come here and have so much respect for Anfield, and with the problems we had in the squad, the way we played was awesome. It was one of the best performances we have played."


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See how memorial pays tribute to airfield's wartime heritage
by Mark LangfordA memorial to American airmen who flew from a Suffolk airfield will be a replica of the unique identification sign returning bomber crews would have used to recognise they were home.
Friends of Lavenham Airfield (FOLA) is raising £6,800 for a memorial to the United States Army Air Force's 487th Bomb Group which was based there.
Planners at Babergh District Council have approved a 20 square foot design that is a half-size replica of the airfield's identification code 'LV'.
These letters were in the ground on the airfield and were a unique visual reference point for Lavenham from the air.
The memorial will lie adjacent to the restored control tower and fundraisers hope to have it in place in time for the 75th anniversary of VE Day in 2020.
John Pawsey, the chairman of FOLA, said on the group's JustGiving page: "It is FOLA's belief that a memorial taking this form will be unique to Lavenham.
"The top surfaces of the wall will carry plaques recording the names of the 233 personnel who lost their lives and every unit that served as part of the 487th Bomb Group.
"The remaining space will be available to the relatives of 487th Bomb Group veterans to record on plaques their loved one's service at the airfield."
The memorial will have a brick surround and a centre of either concrete or wood for the lettering.
The base, in Old Bury Road at Alpheton, opened in 1944 and the 487th flew a total of 185 missions, losing 57 aircraft and dropping 14,641 tons of bombs on Nazi targets.
One of its commanding officers, Brigadier General Frederick W. Castle, won a posthumous Congressional Medal of Honour - America's highest gallantry award - after ordering his crew to bail out and save themselves while he fought to keep control of his stricken aircraft after it was hit by enemy fire.
The 487th left Lavenham in July 1945 and the airfield closed in 1948.
The restored control tower remains plus a few out-buildings and partial sections of runway.
A fundraising illustrated talk 'A Wartime Christmas' by historian Dr Pat Murrell takes place at Lavenham village hall on December 11.
Tickets cost £5 and are available from the hall on 01787 248599.


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| DOSE: |
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oral |
Pharms - Escitalopram |
(daily) |
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Various |
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I've taken SSRI's for about 3 years, (first 20mg paxil a day, then recently 10mg lexapro) and since those have been in my body, I've experienced many other drugs in combination with them. First off, I take these meds to relieve my anxiety (social or otherwise), so they often act strangely with other drugs.
Weed, for instance, has the abilty to make a lot of people paranoid, or anxious. I found this very true in my case. I don't like weed usually. It makes me self conscious, paranoid, and really anxious usually. Only in addition to strong uppers (coke, speed) do I enjoy the high it brings. But strong uppers are my downfall, they work best for me and have become my favorite. Coke and speed especially. These drugs work perfectly, eliminating my social awareness and anxiety, and making me feel really good.
Alcohol is something that I've used for about half my life (I'm 24 now) and that is what I used to combat anxiety, worry, and paranoia prior to SSRI's. And it still works great. SSRI's are known to lower you tolerance to alcohol, but I'm still able to drink a fifth of hard liquor in a sitting sometimes. Alcohol use is also discouraged while taking SSRI's but I am unable to discontinue drinking on a regular basis. I don't drink every day, but on nights when I 'go out' I can oftentimes drink until I black out. Uppers are one way that I control the intoxication (too drunk? take a line).
I started using coke a couple years ago and immediately fell in love. I could eliminate all the social akwardness that I felt without resorting to getting blind drunk. It's a psycho-stimulant, gets me up, and it makes me feel good. Since then I've snorted, freebased (foils), and smoked crack.
Then after spending a lot of cash on coke, a friend turned me on to speed. 'Cheaper, and it lasts longer.' Sounded good. It didn't quite have the immediate, crazy high, that foils or crack might, but it did last longer (2 pills for at least 48 hrs) and it was cheaper ($20 a pill). Needless to say, I'm a big fan of both. Especially since my prescribed meds seem to have no adverse effect on them.
E is a different story. I've only rolled once. It was for a short time, after 3 hits of 'really good stuff' and it was my first time trying it. Not exactly sure how these chemicals work together, but for me, E keeps me awake, and that's about it. No luck rolling since then. I've never dropped acid, but I've eated mushrooms a few times, and other than making me feel tingly and, again, keeping me awake for a bit, they did nothing. And I took high doses. I've taken at least 5 times what my friend has taken, and he's tripping balls, while I wonder why nothing fun is happening. As for aderoll, ritalin, and the like, for me, they get me less drunk, and that's about it. Then when they wear off, I'm wasted.
So that's pretty much my story about my SSRI vs drugs scenario.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Download the latest version of ChromaWallet from here, extract it to a location of your choosing. In the unpacked directory you can find two programs:
Most actions can be performed through either of interfaces, but command-line application also provides low-level functions. You can find a list of commands which are accepted by cw-cli by running cw-cli --help.
You can use --testnet command-line switch to run client in testnet mode, in that case a separate testnet wallet will be used. E.g.:
You can run as many clients as you want, to do this you will simply need to copy the chromawallet directory, delete the *.wallet in the copied directory, and then run chromawallet from the new directory. A new wallet will be created.
You can now send bitcoins and assets between the two wallets.
You need to share information about the asset you have created (asset definition) with others if you want them to be able to interact with it.
(Alternatively you can copy individual parts of asset definition: name, color set (color identifiers), unit (number of satoshi in one unit).
If you have access to asset definition in JSON format (it might be obtained from asset's description, contract, or from other client running on same machine), you can:
Note: that you need to obtain address for this specific asset, wallet will report an error if color of an address doesn't match the asset name you have chosen in the drop-down menu.
Note: You need bitcoins to pay a transaction fee. (In case with testnet mode, You can obtain some from a faucet).


Cryptographic competitions |
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Features of various secret-key primitivesThis web page is a list of various features that have been advertised by, or requested from, designers of various primitives for secret-key cryptography. The features are described in five categories:
Designers setting goals for new primitives, and in particular for authenticated ciphers for the CAESAR competition, should keep in mind that the entries in this list vary widely in importance. There is no guarantee that the CAESAR selection committee will place any value upon any particular features; some features may even be controversial and viewed negatively. The list is organized thematically, not as any attempt to indicate importance. It seems unlikely that a single design can simultaneously provide every feature (i.e., every qualitative feature and excellent results for every quantitative feature). Each designer is therefore expected to select some features as goals, and should be prepared to explain the merits of this selection. Of course, a design that sets its goals too narrowly might turn out to be of less interest to the community than a more ambitious design! The following documents provide more perspective on the features of interest to various applications:
Attack goalsEach attack goal here corresponds to a potential feature of a secret-key primitive; the feature is that the primitive stops the attacker from reaching this goal. Plaintext corruption, associated-data corruption, message-number corruption. An authenticated cipher produces as output an authenticated ciphertext. This ciphertext encrypts and authenticates a plaintext; it also authenticates, without encrypting or communicating, some associated data; it also authenticates a message number. The attacker's goal here is to forge a combination of plaintext, associated data, and message number that the receiver accepts but that the legitimate sender never encrypted. "INT-PTXT" (integrity of plaintexts) means protection against such attacks. The attacker's chance of successfully forging at least one message (out of many forgery attempts) does not dictate the number of messages that the attacker successfully forges. One can separately consider, for each n, the probability that the attacker successfully forges at least n messages. Ciphertext corruption. The attacker's goal here is to forge an authenticated ciphertext that the receiver accepts but that the legitimate sender never produced. "INT-CTXT" (integrity of ciphertexts) means protection against such attacks. Integrity of plaintexts does not imply integrity of ciphertexts. Consider, for example, an authenticated cipher that pads a 112-bit MAC randomly to 128 bits. The extra 16 bits are malleable: an attacker can modify them to produce another ciphertext that will be accepted. This modification violates integrity of ciphertexts but does not violate integrity of plaintexts. Integrity of plaintexts implies integrity of ciphertexts for any cipher that allows a unique ciphertext for each combination of plaintext, associated data, and message number. Integrity of ciphertexts implies integrity of plaintexts. Ciphertext prediction. The attacker's goal here is to distinguish authenticated ciphertexts from uniform random strings. Note that strong MACs are not necessarily hard to predict (i.e., strong MAC does not imply strong PRF); for example, zero-padding a 127-bit MAC to 128 bits preserves MAC strength but allows trivial predictability. Replay and reordering. Replay means convincing a receiver to accept a plaintext more times than the number of times that the plaintext was generated by the sender. Reordering means convincing a receiver to accept plaintexts in an order different from the order in which the plaintexts were generated by the sender. The standard defense against both replay and reordering is for the sender to use strictly increasing message numbers, and for the receiver to refuse any message whose message number is no larger than the largest number of any verified message. This requires both the sender and receiver to keep state. The receiver can tolerate some accidental network reordering of ciphertexts, for example by remembering the largest 5 verified message numbers. Perhaps there are better ways to integrate replay protection and reordering protection into an authenticated cipher. Sabotage. The attacker's goal here is denial of service, a violation of availability: preventing the sender's legitimate data from arriving at the receiver. Typical sabotage techniques include flooding a radio link with noise at the hardware level, flooding a network with useless packets at the software level, or flooding a CPU with expensive computations. The standard defense against sabotaged ciphertexts is to acknowledge valid ciphertexts and retransmit unacknowledged ciphertexts. The only traditional availability evaluation for secret-key primitives is the performance of discarding forgeries. But perhaps there is more that secret-key cryptography can do to protect availability. Plaintext espionage. The attacker's goal here is to figure out the user's secret message. Of course, the attacker can simply guess the message, and this guess has a good chance of succeeding if the space of messages, or of likely messages, is small; but perhaps the attacker can do significantly better by inspecting the user's ciphertext. Message-number espionage. The attacker's goal here is to figure out a secret message number. The traditional view is that message numbers are not secret. An authenticated cipher uses the message number as input, and authenticates the message number, but does not encrypt or communicate the message number. Adding secrecy to message numbers requires changing this data flow: the authenticated ciphertext expands to include (and perhaps to generate) the message number. In many applications, message numbers actually have two parts: a session identifier that needs to be communicated only once, and an identifier for a message within a session. An authenticated cipher that includes message numbers in ciphertexts can save bandwidth by not repeating the session number. Attack resourcesAttackers vary in several different dimensions of resources. Each resource or combination of resources here corresponds to a potential cipher feature; the feature is that the cipher stops an attacker who has those resources. Some of these resources are, at least in theory, controllable by the legitimate cryptographic users. Designers often simplify and accelerate designs by requiring users to control these resources (e.g., "switch keys after 2^20 messages"; "never reuse a message number under the same key"). Other designers argue that eliminating those requirements adds robustness. Extensive computation. The key sizes that currently attract the most interest are 80 bits, 128 bits, and 256 bits. The most common questions are (1) whether 80-bit keys are adequate and (2) whether 128-bit keys are adequate. The main arguments for smaller keys, such as 80-bit or even 64-bit keys, are that
The main arguments for larger keys are that
Designers evaluating feasibility may find the following rough figures useful. The Earth's atmosphere receives 2^57 watts from the Sun. Current world power usage is 1/2^13 of this total. One computer center costing 2^30 dollars consumes 1/2^18 of current world power usage. Readily available chips (GPUs) perform 2^68 bit operations per year per watt, if the bit operations are collected into floating-point operations and are sufficiently parallelizable. Quantum computers. A scalable quantum computer running Grover's algorithm will be able to find a 128-bit key in only 2^64 simple quantum operations. A few ciphers (e.g., the Blum–Micali family of "provably secure" ciphers using modular exponentiation) will be much more heavily affected by quantum computation. Many messages. Ciphers vary in how their security degrades as the number of legitimate messages increases. Chosen plaintexts, chosen ciphertexts, chosen message numbers. Some ciphers degrade in security against active attackers who forge ciphertexts or who have some influence over plaintexts or message numbers. The standard view is that it is unacceptable to ask users to control this: all ciphers must be safe against chosen-plaintext attacks and against chosen-ciphertext attacks. Many users. Ciphers vary in how their security degrades as the number of active keys increases. Repeated message numbers. Many ciphers require the message numbers for each key to be nonces, and lose all security if the user ever repeats a message number (i.e., if the user uses an ntwice in place of a nonce; often an ntwice is called a "repeated nonce", which is a contradiction in terms). Some ciphers advertise higher security in this situation. The standard argument for requiring nonces is that there is no way to hide repeated plaintexts that have repeated message numbers; users have to expect that a repeated plaintext with a repeated message number will produce a repeated ciphertext, leaking the plaintext repetition to the attacker. However, for many ciphers the consequences of an ntwice are much more severe, not just leaking whether the plaintexts are the same but (for example) allowing any number of selective forgeries; users are often surprised by this, even if it is documented. There are several different suggestions for security targets when message numbers are repeated. The highest target is maintaining full security, as if message numbers had been nonces, except that each ntwice leaks whether the two plaintexts are the same. Reaching this target is often perceived to be a performance problem (for example, it requires the entire plaintext to be buffered), so some ciphers aim for lower security levels. For example, some authenticated ciphers leak the number of shared initial blocks of plaintext, and perhaps also the xor of the first non-shared block, but still do not allow forgeries; some authenticated ciphers allow forgeries under the repeated message number, but still do not allow forgeries under any subsequent message number. Software side channels. Many implementations leak secret data through their own timing (typically via secret branches, secret memory addresses, or, on some CPUs, secret multiplication inputs) or through indirect effects on the timing of other software (typically via cache state or branch state). Every primitive can be implemented in a way that prevents these leaks on all common CPUs, but often this defense produces a drastic loss in performance, especially for ciphers that rely heavily on table access. Hardware side channels. Power consumption, electromagnetic radiation, etc. are typically hard to see from far away (unlike timing information, which is often easily visible from remote networks), but for a nearby attacker they are tremendously informative. Hundreds of papers have explored the cost of hardware side-channel attacks and the cost and effectiveness of various defenses for various ciphers. Faults. Sometimes attackers can flip bits in a computation (for example, by firing a laser at a target chip), and deduce secret data from the resulting cipher output. Thefts and monitors. Sometimes attackers steal a copy of a secret key, or plant a monitor inside a cryptographic device to watch the device's computations. There is no hope of protecting the confidentiality or integrity of future communication against a monitor that sees all of the user's secrets, but one can ask for a cipher to protect the confidentiality of past communication. Systems that protect earlier messages against espionage, despite subsequent thefts, monitors, etc., often advertise forward secrecy. Forward secrecy requires that the cipher frequently switch keys (in a non-invertible way); this, in turn, requires key generation and key updates to be integrated into the cipher, rather than having the key as an external input. Performance metricsEach metric here corresponds to a potential cipher feature; the feature is that the cipher performs well in the metric. ASIC performance is typically measured in several ways:
If there are no limits on power or area then implementors can achieve arbitrarily high throughputs by parallelizing across blocks (for, e.g., counter-mode ciphers) or by parallelizing across independent messages (for applications that have many messages to handle in parallel). It is therefore standard to compute the ratio of area and throughput, i.e., the product of area and time per byte (AT/byte). Simple forms of parallelization have negligible effect on this ratio. The same measurements make sense for FPGAs. The physical FPGA area is consumed by several types of resources: slices (and, at a smaller scale, LUTs); block RAMs; and, on some FPGAs, multipliers. It is standard to count these resources instead of counting gates or actual area. For software running on CPUs it is standard to simply count cycles per byte. The heuristic here is that an active CPU runs at a constant frequency (its maximum number of cycles per second) and consumes a constant amount of power, so the number of cycles predicts the number of seconds, the energy consumption, and the latency. Modern CPU-design trends have, however, produced an increasing dependence of frequency upon the computation being run (see, e.g., Turbo Boost and Turbo Core) and an even larger dependence of power upon the computation being run (e.g., memory access typically consumes more power than arithmetic). Presumably it will become increasingly common to measure actual energy consumption and throughput of software. The metrics listed above are often highly platform-dependent: there are many different ASIC manufacturing technologies, many different FPGAs, and many different CPUs. Platforms should be expected to evolve over time as manufacturers continue improving the efficiency of their chips. Designs heavily optimized for today's platforms might turn out to be of less interest in a few years than designs that plan ahead for platforms of the future. See eBACS, XBX, and ATHENa for much more information regarding performance of cryptography in software and hardware. Another performance measurement for MACs and authenticated ciphers is bandwidth: an authenticator is transmitted as part of each message, and sometimes keys are transmitted. Of course, security puts a lower bound on authenticator length and key length. Performance settingsThere are several dimensions of user activity that affect the performance of a cipher under the metrics discussed above. Each combination corresponds to a potential cipher feature; the feature is that the cipher performs well when users are in that situation. Authenticate only, or encrypt and authenticate? An authenticated cipher authenticates both plaintext and associated data, while it encrypts only the plaintext. The cost per byte of associated data is often significantly lower than the cost per byte of plaintext. Send valid data, receive valid data, or receive invalid data? The cost to send data is not necessarily the same as the cost to receive data. The cost to receive a forgery is not necessarily the same as the cost to receive a valid message. There are some MACs and many authenticated ciphers for which a receiver can handle (and discard) a forgery more efficiently than handling (and accepting) a valid message. For example, any "encrypt-then-MAC" authenticated cipher skips the cost of decryption for forgeries. For area measurements it is important to distinguish three different targets: an encryption/authentication circuit; a verification/decryption circuit; and a circuit that can dynamically select either encryption/authentication or verification/decryption. Plaintext length and associated-data length. Performance depends, often heavily, on the plaintext length. Sometimes a cipher performs well for long plaintexts but poorly for short plaintexts, because it incurs heavy per-message overheads that are unnoticeable for long plaintexts. Similar comments apply to the associated-data length. Beware that comparing overheads between two ciphers can be misleading. What the user wants to know is which cipher has better performance for the input length of interest; this has no logical connection to the question of which cipher has smaller performance differences between one input length and another input length. Number of inputs. A cipher may be able to merge the processing of several independent inputs (if the application has several inputs to handle at once), handling them more efficiently than handling each one separately. Often this type of gain is limited by various requirements of relationships among the inputs: for example, having the same input length. Number of times a key is used. Many ciphers can improve performance by storing precomputed "expanded keys". This incurs a cost in area, and it does not help for the first use of the key, but it reduces computation in subsequent uses of the key. Ciphers with fast key expansion often advertise "key agility". Beware that comparing key agility between two ciphers, like comparing overhead, can be misleading; what the user wants to know is which cipher has better performance for the first use of the key. General input scheduling. Some ciphers can reduce latency by performing computations that depend only on the key and nonce before associated data is available; and computations that depend only on the key, nonce, and associated data before plaintext is available. Another permutation has been suggested: computations that depend only on the key, nonce, and plaintext before associated data is available. Scheduling within the plaintext, and scheduling within the ciphertext. In many applications, plaintext is received gradually, from left to right. Many ciphers can reduce latency by performing computations on earlier parts of the plaintext before later parts are available. Similar comments apply to ciphertext. A related, more flexible, feature is "incrementality": some ciphers allow the output to be efficiently updated when any small part of the input is updated. The latency benefit here should not be confused with an area benefit for ciphers that can handle a long plaintext in one pass without using a large buffer. Beware that security questions are raised by any authenticated cipher that handles a long ciphertext in one pass without using a large buffer: releasing unverified plaintext to applications often means releasing it to attackers and also requires an analysis of how the applications will react. Intermediate tags. If a long plaintext is split into separate packets, each of which is separately authenticated (and encrypted), then a long forgery need not be buffered before it is rejected. Applying this split to any MAC (or authenticated cipher) produces a new MAC (or authenticated cipher) with different performance properties; perhaps the same type of fast rejection can be better achieved in another way. Other operations. Sometimes a cipher can share area with other primitives on the same chip. For example, an integrated primitive for authenticated encryption and hashing might consume considerably less area than separate primitives for the same two tasks; this is a benefit for an application that needs both tasks (at different times). Ciphers that easily provide extra features such as hashing often advertise "flexibility". A smaller and more common type of "flexibility" is having a family of several ciphers aimed at different applications. One can again ask how much area is consumed by multiple members of the same family. For example, AES is actually one cipher for 128-bit keys, another cipher for 192-bit keys, and another cipher for 256-bit keys; a circuit that can dynamically choose between AES-128, AES-192, and AES-256 is not much larger than a circuit supporting only AES-256. DRAM, L2 cache, or L1 cache? Software often becomes much slower because the input, or the software itself, does not fit into L1 cache. Even when cryptographic operations fit into cache, a complete system consisting of networking, cryptography, etc. rarely fits into cache. The extra costs of cache misses are somewhat predictable from the total input size (independent of the cipher) and the total software size (dependent upon the cipher). Support for cryptanalysisCryptanalysis is by far the most important tool for evaluating the security of secret-key cryptography. Designers have advertised several features as providing assistance to cryptanalysts. These features are generally difficult to evaluate objectively but are nevertheless of interest. Simplicity. Ciphers that are simple and easy to understand are often better suited for cryptanalysis than complex ciphers. Scalability. A typical cipher is structured as a series of similar rounds, naturally providing reduced-round targets for cryptanalysis. Some ciphers also provide reduced-word targets and other simplified versions. Proofs. Some ciphers offer proofs that attacks meeting certain constraints are difficult, or as difficult as an easier-to-analyze problem. This suggests a division of cryptanalytic work into three parts: (1) study the easier-to-analyze problem; (2) find attacks that violate the constraints; (3) find errors in the proof. Sometimes this is useful guidance. Beware that these proofs are sometimes falsely advertised to users as "proofs of security", even though what they actually prove is something more limited.
AcknowledgmentsThis web page draws on discussions at the Symmetric Cryptography workshop in Dagstuhl in January 2012, the Directions in Authenticated Ciphers (DIAC) workshop in Stockholm in July 2012, and the Early Symmetric Cryptography (ESC) workshop in Mondorf in January 2013. The CAESAR secretary gratefully acknowledges suggestions from Jean-Philippe Aumasson, Eli Biham, Joan Daemen, Orr Dunkelman, Lars Knudsen, Kaisa Nyberg, David McGrew, Bart Preneel, and Greg Rose. Version: This is version 2014.01.27 of the features.html web page. |


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ADMIN_MOVE_TABLE creates a copy of the source table. The data is copied by using either INSERT FROM CURSOR, which is the default, or LOAD. While the table is being moved, the ADMIN_MOVE_TABLE routine also creates a staging table that keeps track of all changes to the source table. Changes are tracked through triggers that are created on the source table. At the end of the move operation, the ADMIN_MOVE_TABLE routine briefly locks the source table in exclusive mode, catches up with updates that have occurred, and substitutes the source table with the target. The source table is either dropped or kept based on one of the ADMIN_MOVE_TABLE input parameters.
In the right pane you will move table order_details from one tablespace to another tablespace, meanwhile you will also fetch the records from the table ORDER_DETAILS.


Customers who were going into the service.
| Voucher ID | Name | Date | Time | Agency Name | Voucher Information | Visited | Not Visited |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DN-121 | Jakkapan Thonglum | 22/01/2016 | 13:00 | Mr. Donut | View | ||
| DN-122 | John Lennon | 25/01/2016 | 10:00 | Mr. Donut | View | ||
| PKJ04420 | Steve Job | 29/01/2016 | 09:00 | Phuket Jett Tour | View | ||
| KTV-342 | Merk zuckerberg | 29/01/2016 | 13:00 | Krabi Travel | View |
Customers who was visited.
| Name | Date | Time | Agency Name |
|---|---|---|---|
| Steve Lennon | 22/01/2016 | 13:00 | Mr. Donut |
| John Lennon | 25/01/2016 | 10:00 | Mr. Donut |
| Steve Job | 29/01/2016 | 09:00 | Phuket Jett Tour |
| Merk zuckerberg | 29/01/2016 | 13:00 | Krabi Travel |
| Jakkapan Thonglum | 22/01/2016 | 13:00 | Mr. Donut |
| John Lennon | 25/01/2016 | 10:00 | Mr. Donut |
| Steve Job | 29/01/2016 | 09:00 | Phuket Jett Tour |
| Merk zuckerberg | 29/01/2016 | 13:00 | Krabi Travel |
| Jakkapan Thonglum | 22/01/2016 | 13:00 | Mr. Donut |
| John Lennon | 25/01/2016 | 10:00 | Mr. Donut |
| Steve Job | 29/01/2016 | 09:00 | Phuket Jett Tour |
| Merk zuckerberg | 29/01/2016 | 13:00 | Krabi Travel |


Add a description
Some tests for T136346: Links with plus signs are not urlencoded:
Special chars in section heading.


|
Assimp
5.0.1, master @ cd42b955
|
Data structure for a bodypart in HL1 MDL files. More...
Public Attributes | |
| int32_t | base |
| Used to convert from a global model index to a local bodypart model index. More... | |
| int32_t | modelindex |
| The offset to the first model chunk. More... | |
| char | name [64] |
| The bodypart name. More... | |
| int32_t | nummodels |
| The number of available models for this bodypart. More... | |
Data structure for a bodypart in HL1 MDL files.
| int32_t Assimp::MDL::HalfLife::Bodypart_HL1::base |
Used to convert from a global model index to a local bodypart model index.
| int32_t Assimp::MDL::HalfLife::Bodypart_HL1::modelindex |
The offset to the first model chunk.
| char Assimp::MDL::HalfLife::Bodypart_HL1::name[64] |
The bodypart name.
| int32_t Assimp::MDL::HalfLife::Bodypart_HL1::nummodels |
The number of available models for this bodypart.


To Main Site
To Main Site
{{ content }}
{% if page.comments %}
Please enable JavaScript to view the
comments.
{% endif %}


IVE LEE
I am a junior designer at
Sogang Univ.
A&T
i study on layouts, visuals, identities, aesthetics.


Tools for working with entities.
local Entity = require('__stdlib__/stdlib/entity/entity')
| _are_equal(entity_a, entity_b) | Tests if two entities are equal. |
| get_data(entity) | Gets the user data that is associated with an entity. |
| has(entity, field_name) | Tests whether an entity has access to a given field. |
| set_data(entity, data) | Associates the user data to an entity. |
| set_frozen(entity[, mode=true]) | Freezes an entity, by making it inactive, inoperable, and non-rotatable, or unfreezes by doing the reverse. |
| set_indestructible(entity[, mode=true]) | Makes an entity indestructible so that it cannot be damaged or mined neither by the player nor by their enemy factions. |
| create_entity(surface, settings[, player_index][, raise_script_event]) | Create an entity and raise a build event. |
| destroy_entity(entity[, died=false][, cause][, force]) | Destroy an entity by first raising the event. |
| revive(ghost[, player_index][, raise_script_event]) | Revivie an entity ghost and raise the on_built or on_robot_built event. |
Tests if two entities are equal.
If they don’t have a reference equality and entity_a has equals function, it will be called with entity_b as its first argument.
Parameters: Returns:Gets the user data that is associated with an entity.
The user data is stored in the global object and it persists between loads.
Parameters:The user data will be removed from an entity when the entity becomes invalid.
Tests whether an entity has access to a given field.
Parameters: Returns:
Associates the user data to an entity.
The user data will be stored in the global object and it will persist between loads.
Parameters:The user data will be removed from an entity when the entity becomes invalid.
Freezes an entity, by making it inactive, inoperable, and non-rotatable, or unfreezes by doing the reverse.
Parameters:
Makes an entity indestructible so that it cannot be damaged or mined neither by the player nor by their enemy factions.
Parameters:
Create an entity and raise a build event.
Parameters:
Destroy an entity by first raising the event.
Parameters:Some entities can’t be destroyed, such as the rails with trains on them.
Revivie an entity ghost and raise the on_built
or on_robot_built
event.
Parameters: Returns:


Welcome to SkyPortal
For more information about the project, see
https://github.com/skyportal/skyportal


The 4th International Conference on Computing Informatics
& Networks (ICCIN-2021) is an interdisciplinary scientific event with a long tradition, organized by
the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bhagwan Parshuram Institute of Technology
affiliated to GGSIPU, delhi
(http://www.bpitindia.com). The first conference
in this series was held
at Crowne Plaza in Delhi, 2014. ICCIN has focussed on the collaboration of academicians, scholars
and persons of extreme eminence to join hands for building new paths for scientific progress in the
domain of computer science and information technology. This platform facilitates an open and
constructive dialogue on the research works of the best practices in this field.


Keep tasks in one place
Save time, avoid losing work and information, delegate, and track tasks to stay on schedule
{% load static %} {% load humanize %}
As Nepal has moved to a new federal structure the provinces are a very important and integral part of governance, but they currently lack attention, also as we witnessed very less people are aware about the provincial budget. The budget is published but not easily accessible and understandable. How are the provinces allocating and spending the budget in terms of achieving the development targets? This project aims to inform people and the policy makers how the budgets have been allocated and spent in the provinces. Are the provinces doing enough to achieve the overall development goals, and what are their status? What area should be prioritized? This system will include a set of provincial budget data, which will be disseminated through the website. This will be considered as an important step towards transparency, corruption and avoiding waste of public resources, especially in the provinces of Nepal.
This tool is an interactive visualisation enabling you to drill-down into the major expenses and revenues for major offices and ministries of the provinces, for each financial year. This makes it easy to see where provincial funds are generated, as well as distributed and spent.
Where reported, the expenses are split into capital and current expenses, with expenses further divided into the expense types of employee; other operating; grants and subsidies; and other expenses.
Save time, avoid losing work and information, delegate, and track tasks to stay on schedule
Tracking tasks allows everyone to understand which are more important or require more time,
Tracking tasks allows everyone to understand which are more important or require more time,
Save time, avoid losing work and information, delegate, and track tasks to stay on schedule


Enter all the choices divided by a comma ('.').
Press enter when your done.
Maksim Nemtsev
Maksim Nemtsev
Maksim Nemtsev


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Ukol 2 - video
My Library: Gloria Leckie, Library Board Chair
Posts
See the posts:
Ukol 2
Another post
Welcome to Jekyll!
Pages
And even normal pages:
About
Home
About
Home


About 15 months ago I participated in an Event Storm masterclass in Milan with Alberto Brandolini. This post assumes you already know what event storm is and you’re interested in reading about usecases.
Let me start with a foundamental premise. What I like of event storm is how collaborative it is. When I see a facilitator doing all the work in an event storm it’s really hard for me to be politically correct and say “you’re doing it differently” what I wanna say is “you’re doing it wrong”..
Granted there might be scenarios where the facilitator wants to speed trough the process but the power I’ve seen in event storm is when the group discovers and communicates to create a shared picture. If a facilitator is the only one adding information then event storm isn’t much different then a service blueprint.
In the last 15 months I’ve run multiple event storms here’s a few use cases with pro and cons.
Internal training
I did a 2 hours internal training event storm to “learn how my company works while practicing event storm”. As Alberto did in the masterclass I kept instructions at a minimum and threw all the participant in the water.
- People: 15 (from 5 divisions)
- Pro: people got to learn more about other parts of the company. Easy to contribute domain events without needing to setup role-play.
- Con: the large org (3K ppl) meant there was a lot of details. See photo.
Project kickoff + future state
At a project kickoff I run a 4 hours session with a small company ~10 people to walk us trough their current processes. As the project went on we used event storm to visualise the future state.
- People: 3 (CEO, Director of Underwriting, Director of Sales) ~3h
- Pro: All client folks aligned on where the hotspots are. Contractors ramped up pretty fast on the domain.
- Con: CEO wanted to fix everything. It took some tries to start in one spot. We didn’t have CEO or Sales director for Future state exercise which created misunderstandings.
Scoping of work
A client scoping to understand their current process and their priorities for a subsystem to add to their processes.
- People: ~6 on their side (3 divisions) ~2h
- Pro: gave contractors a good return on time invested to create a next steps proposal.
- Con: unclear what systems/events were there and which ones were future state. For mitigation, I asked to mark the future state with a black dot on the top right.
Sharing domain expertise to rampup devs
A client that worked in a domain that contractors were not familiar in–contractual bonding–shared the business flow. * People: ~10 client + contractors ~2h * Pro: the two domaine experts shared information and folks with partial knowledge
Conclusions
I see event storm as a tool to design for emergence.
Its final result is a snapshot in time and context. It’s a snapshot of the current understanding of the system or subsystem we’re looking at.
I did take photos of the outcome to document the process but I kept reminding everyone present we shouldn’t consider the outcome as a golden document.
We should be able to recreate it. Probably not alone.
In my experience it’s been a useful tool to allow groups to gain a shared understanding on a system and align on what to takle first.


Represents a GUI that has a little dragable bar ( called a "foreground bar") that you can drag from one end to the other on a "background bar". More...
#include <ScrollBar.h>
Signals | |
| void | positionChanged (double newPosition) |
| Emitted when the position of the dragable bar changes. More... | |
Public Member Functions | |
| ScrollBar () | |
| Constructs a default sized ScrollBar. More... | |
| QGraphicsItem * | getGraphicsItem () |
| Returns the root QGraphicsItem that has the drawings for the Gui. More... | |
| void | setBgBarWidth (double width) |
| Sets the width (i.e. More... | |
| void | setBgBarLength (double length) |
| Sets the length of the "background bar" in pixels. More... | |
| void | setFgBarWidth (double width) |
| Sets the width (i.e. More... | |
| void | setFgBarLength (double length) |
| Sets the length of the "foreground bar" in pixels. More... | |
| void | setFgBarLengthAsFractionOfBgBarLength (double fraction) |
| Sets the length of the "foreground bar" to be a certain fraction of the background bar length. More... | |
| void | setBgBarColor (const QColor &color) |
| Sets the color of the "background bar". More... | |
| void | setFgBarColor (const QColor &color) |
| Sets the color of the "foreground bar". More... | |
| void | setBgBarPixmap (const QPixmap &pixmap) |
| Sets the backround of the "background bar" to be the specified pixmap. More... | |
| void | setFgBarPixmap (const QPixmap &pixmap) |
| Sets the background of the "foreground bar" to be the specified pixmap. More... | |
| void | showEvenIfFull (bool tf) |
| If true is passed in, the ScrollBar will be drawn even if its full. More... | |
| double | fgBarCenterPos () |
| Returns the position of the center of the "foreground bar." The position is 0 to 1, 0 being the top of the background bar, 1 being the very bottom. More... | |
| double | fgBarTopPos () |
| Returns the position of the top of the "foreground bar." The position is 0 to 1, 0 being the top of the background bar, 1 being the very bottom. More... | |
| double | fgBarBottomPos () |
| Returns the position of the bottom of the "foreground bar." See ScrollBar::fgBarCenterPos() and ScrollBar::fgBarTopPos() for more information. More... | |
| double | fgBarWidth () |
| Returns the width (thickness) of the foreground bar. More... | |
| double | fgBarLength () |
| Returns the length of the foreground bar. More... | |
| double | bgBarWidth () |
| Returns the width (thickness) of the background bar. More... | |
| double | bgBarLength () |
| Returns the length of the background bar. More... | |
| void | mousePressEvent (QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event) |
| void | mouseReleaseEvent (QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event) |
| void | mouseMoveEvent (QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event) |
| Public Member Functions inherited from qge::Gui | |
| Gui () | |
| Returns the position of the Gui relative to its parent (or relative to top left of screen if no parent). More... | |
| ~Gui () | |
| QPointF | guiPos () |
| Returns the position of the Gui relative to its parent (or relative to the top left of the screen if no parent). More... | |
| void | setGuiPos (const QPointF &guiPos) |
| Sets the position of the Gui relative to its parent (or relative to top left of screen if no parent) More... | |
| void | setGuiRotation (double degrees) |
| Sets the rotation of the Gui clockwise. 0 is not rotated. More... | |
| void | setParentGui (Gui *gui) |
| Sets the Parent of this Gui to the specified Gui. More... | |
| Game * | game () |
| Returns the Game that the Gui is in. More... | |
| virtual QRectF | getGuiBoundingBox () |
| Returns the bounding box for the Gui. More... | |
Represents a GUI that has a little dragable bar ( called a "foreground bar") that you can drag from one end to the other on a "background bar".
The ScrollBar will emit a positionChanged event whenever the foreground bar is dragged. The position can be from 0 to 1, 0 being in the beggining and 1 being all the way at the end.
Note: If the bar is full (i.e. length of background and foreground bars are the same), the ScrollBar will not show up by default. To have it show up anyways, call showEvenIfFull(true);
| ScrollBar::ScrollBar | ( | ) |
Constructs a default sized ScrollBar.
| double ScrollBar::bgBarLength | ( | ) |
Returns the length of the background bar.
| double ScrollBar::bgBarWidth | ( | ) |
Returns the width (thickness) of the background bar.
| double ScrollBar::fgBarBottomPos | ( | ) |
Returns the position of the bottom of the "foreground bar." See ScrollBar::fgBarCenterPos() and ScrollBar::fgBarTopPos() for more information.
| double ScrollBar::fgBarCenterPos | ( | ) |
Returns the position of the center of the "foreground bar." The position is 0 to 1, 0 being the top of the background bar, 1 being the very bottom.
Note that the position of the center of the foreground bar will not be exactly 0 or 1 unless the foreground bar's length is 0 (because if the foreground bar has any length, the center will never reach the very top or bottom of the background bar). I hope that makes sense! :)
| double ScrollBar::fgBarLength | ( | ) |
Returns the length of the foreground bar.
| double ScrollBar::fgBarTopPos | ( | ) |
Returns the position of the top of the "foreground bar." The position is 0 to 1, 0 being the top of the background bar, 1 being the very bottom.
Note that the position of the top of the foreground bar can not be exactly 1 unless the length of the foreground bar is 0 (because the top of the foreground bar will never touch the very bottom of the background bar, unless the foreground bar's length is 0).
| double ScrollBar::fgBarWidth | ( | ) |
Returns the width (thickness) of the foreground bar.
|
virtual |
Returns the root QGraphicsItem that has the drawings for the Gui.
This is the QGraphicsItem that goes in the scene when Game::addGui() is called.
Implements qge::Gui.
| void ScrollBar::mouseMoveEvent | ( | QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * | event | ) |
| void ScrollBar::mousePressEvent | ( | QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * | event | ) |
| void ScrollBar::mouseReleaseEvent | ( | QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent * | event | ) |
|
signal |
Emitted when the position of the dragable bar changes.
The position is from 0-1, 0 being at the very beginning and 1 being at the very end. The position is the position of the center of the dragable bar.
| void ScrollBar::setBgBarColor | ( | const QColor & | color | ) |
Sets the color of the "background bar".
| void ScrollBar::setBgBarLength | ( | double | length | ) |
Sets the length of the "background bar" in pixels.
See ScrollBar::setBgBarWidth(double) for more info.
| void ScrollBar::setBgBarPixmap | ( | const QPixmap & | pixmap | ) |
Sets the backround of the "background bar" to be the specified pixmap.
| void ScrollBar::setBgBarWidth | ( | double | width | ) |
Sets the width (i.e.
thickness) of the "background bar" in pixels. The "background bar" is the strip along which the little scroll bar ("foreground bar") moves about.
| void ScrollBar::setFgBarColor | ( | const QColor & | color | ) |
Sets the color of the "foreground bar".
| void ScrollBar::setFgBarLength | ( | double | length | ) |
Sets the length of the "foreground bar" in pixels.
See ScrollBar::setFgBarWidth(double) for more info.
| void ScrollBar::setFgBarLengthAsFractionOfBgBarLength | ( | double | fraction | ) |
Sets the length of the "foreground bar" to be a certain fraction of the background bar length.
The position of the bar may be moved in order to ensure the newly sized bar fits.
| void ScrollBar::setFgBarPixmap | ( | const QPixmap & | pixmap | ) |
Sets the background of the "foreground bar" to be the specified pixmap.
| void ScrollBar::setFgBarWidth | ( | double | width | ) |
Sets the width (i.e.
thickness) of the "foreground bar" in pixels. The "foreground bar" is the little scroll bar that you can drag on the "bacground bar". See ScrollBar::setBgBarWidth(double) for more info.
| void ScrollBar::showEvenIfFull | ( | bool | tf | ) |


Created by Brad Wade /<EMAIL_ADDRESS>and Brian McMurray /<EMAIL_ADDRESS>BEM (Block, Element, Modifier) is a methodology for determining a website's nomenclature.
It helps you create ideal, semantic markup and class names that provide designers, frontend, and backend programmers the same terms to communicate with one another.
It helps achieve more organized, reusable, and maintainable code. It provides front end developers with rich, specific information about what they are styling.
BEM was developed by a group of Russian programmers working for Yandex company.
bem.info
Similar to SMACCS or other OOCSS.
Cure for Divitis You are able to clear out many divs that are there "in case you need them". It is easy to complain about how the markup and class names in Drupal are bloated -- but harder to suggested a good, flexible alternative, solution.
Get ready for Drupal 8 It looks like Drupal 8 is adopting a very similar CSS Architecture approach
CSS architecture (for Drupal 8)
https://drupal.org/node/1887918
Reusable components! Styling of components is not based on context/location. Therefore moving a component between pages, content types, from the sidebar to footer or repeating it multiple times on a page should not affect the styling.
Maintainable
Readable
Predictable
Team scalability
body.article-node #sidebar .block-3 h3 {
padding-left: 15px;
}
.newsletter-cta__heading {
padding-left: 15px;
}
Block names must be globally unique.
Use a single dash for multi-word block names.
Keep it Semantic! We don't need to add styling information into classes. We can maintain seperation of styling and markup. Don't name things based on styling or position/context.
Bad: blue-search-bar, sidebar-search, footer-links.
Naming is hard. Don't get bogged down. Try to name quickly and move on.
/* example block/component names */
.logo {}
.pager {}
.tab-block {}
.main-menu {}

First

Previous

3

Next

Last

Element names only need to be unique within the component.
Use a single dash for multi-word element names.
Add the element name to the end of the block name and use a double underscore to separate the two.

First

Previous

3

Next

Last

Use a single dash for multi-word element names.
Add the modifier name to the end of the block or element use a double dash to separate.
Modifiers can have a type and value for example:
size-small
size-large
position-first
position-last
depth-2
depth-3
state-active
priority-normal
priority-important
priority-critical
status-active

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3

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.pager {
@include horizontal-list();
}
.pager__current-page {
font-weight: bold;
}
.pager__control {
@include hide-text();
display: block;
background: url("images/sprite.png") 0 0;
width: 20px;
height: 20px;
margin-right:5px;
padding: 0px;
}
.pager__control--first {
background-position: 0 0px;
}
.pager__control--previous {
background-position: 0 -30px;
}
.pager__control--next {
background-position: 0 -60px;
}
.pager__control--last {
background-position: 0 -90px;
}
Core CSS uses HTML elements with to great of a specificity. So it would clobber our BEM-y CSS.
/* Example from system.menus.css */
ul.menu li {
margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; /* LTR */
}
ul li.expanded {
list-style-image: url(../../misc/menu-expanded.png);
list-style-type: circle;
}
Refer to non-existant files in your theme's .info file.
name = Theme name
description = My sweet theme
core = 7.x
; STYLESHEETS
;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
stylesheets[all][] = css/style.css
; Note: removes system so we don't have to override styles.
stylesheets[all][] = system.menus.css
stylesheets[all][] = system.theme.css
Drupal *gasp* is an opinionated system and isn't going to make everything easy for you when your ideals run counter to its opinions.
The danger of forcing your idealism on Drupal is creating a system that becomes fragile to upgrades.
If you override every core theme function, you're in for a bad time.
If you can get your BEM classes in place, you can ignore some of Drupal's divitis. Focus instead on keeping divitis out of your CSS.
Exactly what it sounds like, make custom .tpl.php
files in your theme and add your BEM classes as you'd like.
Can lead to lots of template files that are difficult to organize, manage, and not very flexible.
In Node template files, you can add BEM classes around field output.
To add BEM classes into field output, you'll have to add field templates or use other methods (like template preprocessing)
Views gives you lots of options to add custom CSS classes to its output.
Many of those options are buried in advanced options or settings.
It's like node templating, only with a user interface
You can add classes to the
tag
You can customize your layouts (but should consider leaving out BEM classes, layouts are meant to be more abstract and general use)
You can add a class to any or every Pane you add as content
template.php
is the heart of your theme. Using process_
and preprocess_
functions will help you massage Drupal's output and can compliment the previous approaches.
Implement theme_
function overrides to further massage and alter Drupal's default HTML output. This can be useful for modifying output that doesn't run through the other methods, like menu trees, pagers, etc.
Add BEM classes to your nodes in YOURTHEME_preprocess_node(&$variables)
.
<?php
$variables['classes_array'][] =
'node--' . $variables['type'] . '--' . $variables['view_mode'] .
' node--' . $variables['view_mode'];
The Problem: Drupal outputs menus all over using menu_tree()
and theme('menu_tree')
but the HTML output isn't BEM-y.
Solution: Implement theme_menu_tree
.
Let's see what we have here...
Drupal's built-in theme_menu_tree
is incredibly basic.
<?php
function theme_menu_tree($variables) {
return '' . $variables['tree'] . '
';
}
The variable tree
just contains rendered HTML of the menu tree.
The Problem Gets Harder: Our ideal menu markup includes the depth and the menu's name as part of the BEM classes, but those aren't in the $variables
available to us in theme_menu_tree
Our ideal markup:
First, we need the menu name and depth available to us, but they aren't in $variables
. In fact, they were available but were removed in template_preprocess_menu_tree()
.
<?php
function template_preprocess_menu_tree(&$variables) {
$variables['tree'] = $variables['tree']['#children'];
}
To fix this, we have to alter the theme registry.
We alter the theme registry and prepend a new preprocess function before template_preprocess_menu_tree()
.
<?php
/**
* Implements hook_theme_registry_alter().
*
* Alters the theme registry to insert our preprocess function before
* menu_tree's default preprocess function.
*/
function YOURTHEME_theme_registry_alter(&$theme_registry) {
// Insert a preprocess function before template_preprocess_menu_tree.
array_unshift(
$theme_registry['menu_tree']['preprocess functions'],
'YOURTHEME_preprocess_bem_menu_tree'
);
}
The preprocess function grabs the menu_name
and the depth
from the original tree and saves them as new $variables
for use in the theme implementation.
<?php
/**
* Custom preprpocess function to allow us to capture some variables in menu_tree
* before `template_preprocess_menu_tree` destroys them.
*/
function YOURTHEME_preprocess_bem_menu_tree(&$variables) {
$tree = $variables['tree'];
$menu_name = FALSE;
$depth = FALSE;
foreach ($tree as $menu_item) {
if (is_array($menu_item) && array_key_exists('#original_link', $menu_item)) {
$menu_name = $menu_item['#original_link']['menu_name'];
$depth = $menu_item['#original_link']['depth'];
}
}
if (!empty($menu_name)) {
$variables['menu_name'] = $menu_name;
}
if (!empty($depth)) {
$variables['depth'] = $depth;
}
}
Simple updates using the newly available variables allows the inclusion of the menu_name
and depth
.
<?php
/**
* Implements theme_menu_tree().
*
* @details Adds a unique class to each UL, using variables we
* have captured with
* `YOURTHEME_preprpocess_bem_menu_tree()`.
*/
function YOURTHEME_menu_tree($variables) {
$ul = array(
'#theme' => 'html_tag',
'#tag' => 'ul',
'#value' => $variables['tree'],
'#attributes' => array(
'class' => array('menu'),
),
);
if (!empty($variables['menu_name'])) {
$ul['#attributes']['class'][] = 'menu-'. $variables['menu_name'];
if (!empty($variables['depth']) && $variables['depth'] > 1) {
$ul['#attributes']['class'][] =
'menu-'. $variables['menu_name'] .'--tier'. $variables['depth'];
}
}
return drupal_render($ul);
}
Created by Brad Wade /<EMAIL_ADDRESS>and Brian McMurray / bmcmurray@phase2technology.com


--- layout: post title: Holiday Sale! category : news tagline: "50% OFF" tags : [buzzwords, android] ---
Happy Holidays! To celebrate the New Year and other winter holidays Buzzwords will be 50% off. To be honest, we wanted to flat out give it away but the Android market was not accepting anything under 0.99 for a "paid" app, which is what Buzzwords Full qualifies as.
We hope that you will get a lot of enjoyment playing Buzzwords over the holiday season with your friends and family. We will likely end the sale early next year.
As always, feel free to reach out to us at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or tweet us @siramixlabs if you need anything.


Whenever a slider has focus, the keys ←, →, ↑, ↓, Ins and Del can be used to control the slider handle (pressing either the Page up or Page down keys or CTRL and an arrow key will move the handle by two steps at a time), the Home key to set the slider at the minimum value and the End key to set the slider at the maximum value.
When the window.onload event fires, the following input elements will be automatically converted into sliders only if the browser does not recognise the HTML5 input “range” state.
window.onload
See the Modernizr/yepnope demo for a better example on how to include the CSS and JS files when using the polyfill.
<input type="range" name="html5shim-1" id="html5shim-1" min="-10" max="10" step="0.20" value="8.2" title="Range: -10 to 10 in steps of 0.2" />
stepUp() or stepDown()
stepUp()
stepDown()
The following Input has an onchange event that updates the value of a span positioned within the associated label.
onchange
span
label
<input type="range" name="html5shim-2" id="html5shim-2" step="1" value="75" title="Range: 0 to 100 in steps of 1" />
The following input element has been assigned a custom data- attribute named data-fd-slider-vertical which tells the script to create a vertical slider. Additionally, the value of the data-fd-slider-vertical attribute, in this case “v-s”, is added as a classname to the associated slider – this enables you set the slider height using a CSS classname (which, in this case, sets a height of 300 pixels).
data-fd-slider-vertical
<input type="range" name="html5shim-3" id="html5shim-3" data-fd-slider-vertical="v-s" min="100" max="0" step="1" value="50" title="Range: 100 to 0 in steps of 1" /> <style>.v-s { height:300px }</style>
stepUp() stepDown()
CSS has been used to make the following input element 400 pixels in height and 20 pixels wide, which instructs the script to create a vertical slider.
<input type="range" name="html5shim-4" id="html5shim-4" min="100" max="0" step="1" value="50" title="Range: 100 to 0 in steps of 1" /> <style>#html5shim-4 { height:400px }</style>
The first three sliders show the three different “handle to clickpoint” animation styles: timed, jump & tween respectively. Additionally, the third slider has the “forceValue” parameter set to TRUE.
Disable Enable
The following slider has a 50:13 scale set, which means that when the drag handle is at the 50% mark, then the slider value should be 13.
The following slider has the “forceValue” parameter set to TRUE, which forces the associated text input to show a valid value.
The following slider has been associated with a <select>.
<select>
One Two Four Eight Sixteen Thirty Two Sixty Four One Hundred and Twenty Eight Two Hundred and Fifty Six Disable Enable


{% extends 'helpcentre-detail.html' %} {% block pageTitle %} Where you can use NHS login {% endblock %} {% block beforeContent %} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
NHS login can be used on any website or app that shows the NHS login button.
Clicking this button will let you log into or create an account with the website or app you are visiting.
Visit the NHS login webpage for a full list of websites and apps that allow you to use NHS login.


- H3Index - Class in com.github.lb.stindex.spatial.h3
-
- H3Index(int) - Constructor for class com.github.lb.stindex.spatial.h3.H3Index
-
- hasDuplicates() - Method in class com.github.lb.stindex.InsertionIds
-
- hashCode() - Method in class com.github.lb.stindex.ByteArray
-
- hashCode() - Method in class com.github.lb.stindex.ByteArrayRange
-
- hashCode() - Method in class com.github.lb.stindex.CompoundIndexStrategy
-
- hashCode() - Method in class com.github.lb.stindex.Coordinate
-
- hashCode() - Method in class com.github.lb.stindex.CoordinateRange
-
- hashCode() - Method in class com.github.lb.stindex.dimension.BasicDimensionDefinition
-
- hashCode() - Method in class com.github.lb.stindex.dimension.UnboundedDimensionDefinition
-
- hashCode() - Method in class com.github.lb.stindex.HierarchicalNumericIndexStrategy.SubStrategy
-
- hashCode() - Method in class com.github.lb.stindex.MultiDimensionalCoordinates
-
- hashCode() - Method in class com.github.lb.stindex.simple.SimpleNumericIndexStrategy
-
- hashCode() - Method in class com.github.lb.stindex.SinglePartitionInsertionIds
-
- hashCode() - Method in class com.github.lb.stindex.spatial.sfc.BasicSFCIndexStrategy
-
- hashCode() - Method in class com.github.lb.stindex.spatial.sfc.data.BasicNumericDataset
-
- hashCode() - Method in class com.github.lb.stindex.spatial.sfc.data.NumericRange
-
- hashCode() - Method in class com.github.lb.stindex.spatial.sfc.data.NumericValue
-
- hashCode() - Method in class com.github.lb.stindex.spatial.sfc.hilbert.HilbertSFC
-
- hashCode() - Method in class com.github.lb.stindex.spatial.sfc.SFCDimensionDefinition
-
- hashCode() - Method in class com.github.lb.stindex.spatial.sfc.tiered.SingleTierSubStrategy
-
- hashCode() - Method in class com.github.lb.stindex.spatial.sfc.tiered.TieredSFCIndexStrategy
-
- hashCode() - Method in class com.github.lb.stindex.spatial.sfc.xz.XZHierarchicalIndexStrategy
-
- hashCode() - Method in class com.github.lb.stindex.spatial.sfc.zorder.ZOrderSFC
-
- HashKeyIndexStrategy - Class in com.github.lb.stindex.simple
-
Used to create determined, uniform row id prefix as one possible approach to prevent hot
spotting.
- HashKeyIndexStrategy() - Constructor for class com.github.lb.stindex.simple.HashKeyIndexStrategy
-
- HashKeyIndexStrategy(int) - Constructor for class com.github.lb.stindex.simple.HashKeyIndexStrategy
-
- HierarchicalNumericIndexStrategy - Interface in com.github.lb.stindex
-
This interface defines a multi-tiered approach to indexing, in which a single strategy is reliant
on a set of sub-strategies
- HierarchicalNumericIndexStrategy.SubStrategy - Class in com.github.lb.stindex
-
- HilbertSFC - Class in com.github.lb.stindex.spatial.sfc.hilbert
-
Implementation of a Compact Hilbert space filling curve.
- HilbertSFC() - Constructor for class com.github.lb.stindex.spatial.sfc.hilbert.HilbertSFC
-
- HilbertSFC(SFCDimensionDefinition[]) - Constructor for class com.github.lb.stindex.spatial.sfc.hilbert.HilbertSFC
-
Use the SFCFactory.createSpaceFillingCurve
method - don't call this constructor directly
- HilbertSFCOperations - Interface in com.github.lb.stindex.spatial.sfc.hilbert
-
This interface is used to abstract the details of operations used by the hilbert space filling
curve, in particular to enable both primitive-based operations for performance (in cases where
the bits of precision can be adequately represented by primitives) and non-primitive based
operations for unbounded bits of precision.


TRAINSPOTTING A film review by James Berardinelli Copyright 1996 James Berardinelli
RATING (0 TO 10): 8.0 Alternative Scale: ***1/2 out of ****
United Kingdom, 1995 Release date: beginning 7/96 (limited) Running Length: 1:33 MPAA Classification: R (Profanity, drug use, sex, nudity, violence) Theatrical Aspect Ratio: 1.66:1
Cast: Ewan McGregor, Ewen Bremner, Jonny Lee Miller, Kevin McKidd, Robert Carlyle, Kelly MacDonald, Peter Mullan Director: Danny Boyle Producer: Andrew MacDonald Screenplay: John Hodge based on the novel by Irvine Welsh Cinematography: Brian Tufano U.S. Distributor: Miramax Films
Next to INDEPENDENCE DAY, TRAINSPOTTING may be the most hyped motion picture of the summer. Miramax Films, the distributor that saturated the market with ads for THE CRYING GAME in 1992-93 and PULP FICTION in '94, has struck again. TRAINSPOTTING, which is based on Irvine Welsh's cult novel and is directed by SHALLOW GRAVE helmsman Danny Boyle, became a smash hit in the UK during its run there. Miramax, hoping for a similar reaction on this side of the Atlantic, has been shouting from the rooftops, using big, splashy print ads and chaotic TV and theatrical spots to lure in their target audience. The danger is, of course, that TRAINSPOTTING's substance will get drowned by the marketing.
"I chose not to choose life. I chose to choose something else," says the film's narrator and main character, a twenty-something Edinburgh man named Mark Renton (Ewan McGregor), near the outset of TRAINSPOTTING. In rejecting the yuppie culture of a nuclear family, material possessions, a paying job, and dental insurance, Renton is rebelling, but this isn't just the usual disaffection of youth -- it's a deeper, more pervasive dissatisfaction with a culture he views as sick and stifling.
Renton's escape is through drugs -- primarily heroin, but really anything he can get his hands on. He's surrounded by his "buddies", a group of crooks, liars, and psychos who are even more twisted than he is.
TRAINSPOTTING is careful not to present a one-sided view of drug use. After all, why would anyone use the stuff if all it leads to is misery and unhappiness? In Renton's words, to get an idea of what it's like using heroin, "Take the best orgasm you've ever had, multiply by 1000, and you're still nowhere near it." There are no worries about the problems and concerns of everyday life, just where the next hit is going to come from. The giddiness of heroin addiction is well-illustrated during some of the film's early scenes, but it's a euphoria that gives way to tragedy.
In the end, TRAINSPOTTING has an anti-drug message, but it presents its case through character studies, not preaching. There are a lot of gruesome images, some of which are presented in an oddly humorous context. For example, take Renton's headfirst dive into the "worst toilet in Scotland" or Spud's reaction when he wakes up in soiled sheets. In portraying the cycle of addiction -- using drugs, trying to get clean, then giving in again -- TRAINSPOTTING recalls DRUGSTORE COWBOY and THE BASKETBALL DIARIES. Boyle's style, however, is distinctly his own. This is a kinetic movie, where everything, including the camera, keeps moving. This isn't an examination of the Scottish drug culture from the outside looking in, it's one from the inside looking out.
For one hour, TRAINSPOTTING is as compelling as any motion picture to be released this year. It's exciting, energetic, thought-provoking, and never lets up. Unfortunately, during the film's last third, the focus starts to shift, and, in doing so, it blurs. Suddenly, after battling addiction for sixty minutes, Renton and his friends become Scotland's answer to Quentin Tarantino's RESERVOIR DOGS -- a group of inept thieves committing the "dodgiest scam" in a lifetime of petty crimes. There's mistrust, betrayal, and bloodshed. But, while this material has some appeal, it's debatable whether it belongs here. For a segment like this to really work, it needs more time and attention than Boyle and screenwriter John Hodge are able to give it. As such, the subplot seems almost like an afterthought, taking the film away from its darker, more compelling material and opening the door to a hopeful, if ironic, ending.
The overlong epilogue aside, TRAINSPOTTING is one of the summer's most arresting motion pictures, and not just because of the offbeat visual style. There's nothing new or unique about the story, but it is presented in a manner that reinforces its immediacy and impact. The film makers were determined to make this a street-level view of addiction, not some "voyeuristic Oxbridge graduate's perception of these people". In that goal, they have succeeded, and, while TRAINSPOTTING is not without its faults, it offers a powerful portrait that all of Miramax's overhyping cannot diminish.
- James Berardinelli e-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>ReelViews web site: http://www.cybernex.net/~berardin
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


{% if in_trial_mode %}
{% trans "This feature is not available to Basic account users. Sign up for a monthly subscription to send SMS messages from your DataWinners account."%}
{%else%}
{% trans "This feature is not available to Pro Account users. Sign up for a Pro SMS subscription to send SMS messages from your DataWinners account."%}
{% endif %}


How to prepare for an interview as a journalist...
Assembly time: However long it takes to aquire the information needed to conduct a successful interview.
Success rating: 100% successful
Having to interview someone, especially someone you don't know, can be stressful. When preparing for one, it might be hard to figure out where you should even start. Here's a step-by-step guide on preapring effectivley to interview someone.
-
Research the person you are interviewing
This is necessary to interview someone effeciently. You should know who they are and their most basic information. Even though you might be asking them questions about themself, you should still have a general idea of who they are.
-
Write down questions
Write down questions worth asking. Ask thick, open-eneded questions that allow the interviewee to get deeper with their answers. Make sure they aren't repetive.
-
Practice asking questions aloud
Make sure your questions are coherant and don't sound confusing or awkward. This will help you to stay confident while asking difficult questions.
-
Come to the interview both physically and mentally prepared
Make sure you know where the interview is being held. Show up early and look around the place to pick a spot for the interview to take place. Get a good amount of sleep the day before an interview so you don't come off as tired and uninterested. Bring your notes and something to record with. Recording the interview will ensure that you don't miss any important points.


Your browser does not support the video tag.
Fast Firmness Finder
HOME
/
MACHINE SETTINGS
/
ABOUT
ABOUT 3F
, Fast Firmness Finder by Stemilt Growers, LLC.
Contact Us
C/O Customer Service
PO BOX 2779
Wenatchee, WA 98807
509-663-1451


Shaderback.js testing page
Enter the URL of the fragment shader file to load and click submit.
Current shader file:
Details
.
Shader URL:
Click on one of the following links for some examples.
wavylines.txt
gloop.txt
gloopall.txt
gloopflat.txt
chainmail.txt
distortion.txt
triangles.txt (WebGL2)
shadertoy-iq.txt
(see
Shadertoy
for original).
shadertoy-iq2.txt
(see
Shadertoy
for original).
Remove background
For more information see the Shaderback.js
website
or
GitHub page
.


Match Play. Red trails 4-6 to 7 (post-Crawford). How should Red play 65?
pips Red=137 White=134
(CorrectAnswer= 0/0, ErrorScore= 0)
First win the game and then win the gammon (maybe).
13/2* wins more gammons but gives away 8% game winning chances. Sixes don’t grow on trees so Red should simply run with 24/13. Even after that play Red will win a gammon 20% of the time!
13/2* is too big a play and is an error but not a blunder.
13/2* wins more gammons but gives away 8% game winning chances. Sixes don’t grow on trees so Red should simply run with 24/13. Even after that play Red will win a gammon 20% of the time!
13/2* is too big a play and is an error but not a blunder.
1. Cubeful 2-ply 24/13 Eq.: +0.635 0.635 0.183 0.008 - 0.365 0.105 0.003 2. Cubeful 2-ply 13/2* Eq.: +0.576 (-0.059) 0.546 0.242 0.014 - 0.454 0.177 0.017 3. Cubeful 0-ply 24/18 7/2* Eq.: +0.510 (-0.125) 0.516 0.239 0.017 - 0.484 0.247 0.023 4. Cubeful 0-ply 24/18 13/8 Eq.: +0.394 (-0.241) 0.522 0.175 0.011 - 0.478 0.226 0.015 5. Cubeful 0-ply 7/2* 7/1* Eq.: +0.376 (-0.259) 0.447 0.241 0.009 - 0.553 0.248 0.027


name: inverse layout: true class: center, middle, inverse --- #Publicity and the Delegitimation of Lynching Michael Weaver Yale University September 29, 2015 --- -- ##Societies accept or tolerate some forms of violence while rejecting others. --- ###Domestic violence -- ###Dueling -- ###Police use of force -- ##How does violence become publicly unacceptable? --- ##Lynching in the United States --- template:inverse ###Rebecca Felton, suffragette:
--- layout:false class: left, middle > "**I led the mob** which lynched Nelse Patton and **I'm proud of it**. ... I directed every movement of the mob. **I wanted him lynched**. I saw his body dangling from a tree this morning, and I am glad of it. **I aroused the mob and directed them to storm the jail**. I had my revolver but did not use it. I gave it to a deputy sheriff and **told him to shoot** Patton and shoot to kill." >> William V. Sullivan, former United States Senator, Mississippi --- template:inverse
--- template:inverse
*New York Times*. 5/7/1886 --- layout:false class: left, middle ###According to Ida Wells: > ####Frederick Douglass had "begun to believe it true that there was increasing lasciviousness on the part of Negroes" --- template:inverse
--- template:inverse
*New York Age* 1/17/1931 --- template:inverse
*The Chillicothe Constitution-Tribune* 1/15/1931 --- template:inverse ##How did this transformation take place? -- ##How does violence move from acceptable to unacceptable? --- .left-column[ ##Outline ] .right-column[ ### Publicity Shocks ### Historical big data ### Communication Technology ### Next steps ] --- template:inverse ##The argument --- .left-column[ ##Argument ###Definitions ] .right-column[ ### Legitimation * Not "legitimacy" * public activity * explicit, implicit ### Public opinion * Not measuring attitudes * Not looking at "media effects" * What can be said publicly? ] --- .left-column[ ##Argument ###Definitions ] .right-column[ ###Violence typology ## ||State Violence|Non-state Violence| |:-|:-:|:-:| |**Legitimation**
|US case?,
Nazi ethnic cleansing|'Stand Your Ground',
Rebel governance| |**De-legitimation**
|Death penalty,
Due process|*Lynching*,
Widow burning| ] --- template:inverse ##Publicity Shocks --- .left-column[ ##Argument ###Definitions ###Publicity ] .right-column[ ### Reach * Geographic scope of audience * New interpretations * Critics not silenced ### Inclusivity * Inclusion of different voices * Victims of violence no longer silent * 'Facts' of the case contested ] --- .left-column[ ##Argument ###Definitions ###Publicity ###Lynching] .right-column[ ###1. Increase in publicity * Technological change => greater reach * Social movements => inclusion of black voices ] --- template:inverse
--- template:inverse
"The negroes must have detectives who can go and find out the facts about each lynching and publish them side by side with the versions printed in the Southern newspapers" --- template:inverse
NAACP Investigations --- template:inverse
Trials --- .left-column[##Argument ###Definitions ###Publicity ###Lynching] .right-column[ ###1. Increase in publicity * Technological change => greater reach * Social movements => inclusion of black voices ###2. Publicity breeds criticism and scandal ] --- template:inverse
Threatened by Wells's publicity campaign --- class: left, middle > "The Chattanooga News does not lift its voice in behalf of Sheriff Shipp, his deputies or any member of the mob that lynched Johnson. Its voice is merely raised in behalf of this community. It submits that even so high and mighty a person as the Attorney General of the United States has **not just cause to hold this community up in contempt of the world** and in effect **publish it abroad as lawless** and firmly set against the enforcement of law." >> "An Official in Contempt of Chattanooga," *The Chattanooga News* --- .left-column[##Argument ###Definitions ###Publicity ###Lynching] .right-column[ ###1. Increase in publicity * Technological change => greater reach * Social movements => inclusion of black voices ###2. Publicity breeds criticism and scandal ###3. Bad publicity turns Southern elites against lynching ] --- template:inverse
"our lynching reputation ... is holding the state back in its development." --- template:inverse
Lynching scares off investment and immigrants. --- .left-column[##Argument ###Definitions ###Publicity ###Lynching] .right-column[ ###1. Increase in publicity * Technological change => greater reach * Social movements => inclusion of black voices ###2. Publicity breeds criticism and scandal ###3. Bad publicity turns Southern elites against lynching ###4. With opposition of local elites, lynching declines ] --- template:inverse
Maryland Governor uses National Guard to hunt down the lynch mob --- template:inverse
--- template:inverse #Part 1: ##Technology & Publicity --- .left-column[ ## Argument ###Publicity ] .right-column[ ###Turn of the century... saw massive expansion of - transportation networks (railroads) - communication networks (telegraph) - news services (e.g., Associated Press) ] --- template:inverse
--- class: center, middle
--- .left-column[ ## Argument ###Publicity ] .right-column[ ###Turn of the century... saw massive expansion of - transportation networks (railroads) - communication networks (telegraph) - news services (e.g., Associated Press) ... which made the country smaller - reduced travel times for people and information - created a public eager for national news ] ---
--- .left-column[ ## Argument ###Publicity ] .right-column[ ###Turn of the century... saw massive expansion of - transportation networks (railroads) - communication networks (telegraph) - news services (e.g., Associated Press) ... which made the country smaller - reduced travel times for people and information - created a public eager for national news ###Publicity of lynchings has greater reach ] --- .left-column[ ## Argument ###Publicity ###Criticism ] .right-column[ ###Wider public Breaking news of lynchings free from locality: 1. Loss of control over narrative 2. New audiences unsympathetic to lynchers 3. No ability to coerce critics Lynching events could become national scandals * Reputation costs motivated politicians, business owners, sheriffs ] --- .left-column[ ## Argument ###Publicity ###Criticism ###Implications ] .right-column[ ###Three implications Difficult to test directly The probability that a lynching is reported in a newspaper: 1. **increases** as distance **decreases** between the lynching and the paper. 2. **increases** as travel times **decrease** between the lynching and the paper. 3. **increases** when the lynching occurred in an area more **central in communication and transportation networks**. ] --- template:inverse ##How do we test this? --- template:inverse ##The data --- .left-column[ ##Data ###Newspapers ] .right-column[ ###"Big data" meets history Cornerstone of the project * Digitized historical newspapers * More than 3,000 different papers * Nation-wide coverage * Big-city dailies, small town weeklies * 8 million+ unique issues between 1880 and 1940 * Searchable content * 1.2 million articles mention "lynching" * Words/phrases for lynching discourse ] --- template:inverse ##Newspapers in sample over time
--- template:inverse
--- .left-column[ ##Data ###Newspapers ###Railroads ] .right-column[ ###Railroad networks * Yearly data from 1880 and 1900 * Period of rapid growth (more than doubles) * 3109 counties in continental US * Network centrality of counties * Travel time between counties ] --- class:center, middle
--- .left-column[ ##Data ###Newspapers ###Railroads ] .right-column[ ###Railroad networks * Yearly data from 1880 and 1900 * Period of rapid growth (more than doubles) * 3109 counties in continental US * Network centrality of counties * Travel time between counties * Railroad stations for each year between 1880 and 1910 * Scanned station lists for each year * Digitizing text, geocoding * Proximity to rail stations ] --- class: center, middle
--- template:inverse
--- .left-column[ ##Data ###Newspapers ###Railroads ###Lynchings ] .right-column[ ###Lynching events * No complete national lynching database * 1880 to 1930s * Sources: historians, NAACP, and Tuskegee Institute. ] --- template:inverse ##The analysis --- .left-column[ ## Analysis ### Design ] .right-column[ ###Observations * Issues appearing within a week of a lynching * Issue - lynching pairs ###Design * Panel analysis, multi-way clustering * Year, publication, lynching county fixed effects * Publication-county, lynching-county covariates (population, GDP) ] --- class: center, middle Probability of lynching mention by distance
--- class: center, middle Probability of lynching mention by betweenness centrality
(deciles)
--- class: center, middle Probability of lynching mention by eigenvector centrality
(deciles)
--- class: center, middle Probability of lynching mention by distance (x) and travel time (y)
(darker = greater coverage)
--- .left-column[ ## Analysis ### Design ### Results ### Limits ] .right-column[ ###Endogeneity * Network attributes not locally determined * Instrument: landgrant railways ###Alternative interpretations * Importance, not information * Population, economic output * Directly measure telegraph ###Text * Broad but limited depth * Keywords are simplification * Proquest ] --- template:inverse ##What's next? --- .left-column[ ##Next steps ###Criticism ] .right-column[ ###Does publicity produce criticism? * Measure criticism: keywords/phrases * Criticism greater at greater distances ] --- .left-column[ ##Next steps ###Criticism ###Activists ] .right-column[ ###Did activists change the frame? * Interrupted time series: * Ida Wells * NAACP press releases * Scottsboro trials * Congressional hearings * NAACP investigations: * compare press coverage of lynchings ] --- .left-column[ ##Next steps ###Criticism ###Activists ###Lynchings ] .right-column[ ###Does criticism stop lynching? After lynching with major public backlash: * Lynchings foiled * Local elites argue against lynching (newspapers) * Proposed anti-lynching legislation * Instrument for press scrutiny * Major national/global events immediately prior to lynching After anti-lynching publicity campaigns: * ASWPL pledges * diff-in-diff ] --- .left-column[ ##Conclusion ###Relevance ] .right-column[ ###Scope * Violence is "local" * Power disparities * Perpetrators care about reputation * Who are their peers? * Trade * Higher jurisdiction ] --- .left-column[ ##Conclusion ###Relevance ###Example ] .right-column[ ###Policing Graphic video of police killings New project: police shootings, wireless networks, press coverage ] --- template:inverse #Thank you --- template:inverse #Extra slides --- ##Equations ####Network centrality model `$$Y_{ijt} = \alpha_{year} + \alpha_{county i} + \alpha_{county j} + \boldsymbol{\beta}*\mathbf{CountyNetworkCentrality_{i}}$$` `$$ + \boldsymbol{\gamma}*\mathbf{Distance_{ijt}} + \varepsilon_{i} + \varepsilon_{j}$$` ####Travel time model `$$Y_{ijt} = \alpha_{year} + \alpha_{county i} + \alpha_{county j} + \beta_1*LandTravelTime$$` `$$ + \beta_2*RailTravelTime + \varepsilon_{i} + \varepsilon_{j}$$` --- .left-column[ ## Background ###Lynching ###Lynching discourse ] .right-column[ ###Arguments in favor * Inefficiency/corruption of justice system * Popular sovereignty * Law does not deter criminals * Threat of black criminality/sexuality * 'Natural' response to rape ] --- .left-column[ ## Background ###Lynching ###Lynching discourse ] .right-column[ ###Justificatory Narratives * Protagonists * Sober, rational, all/leading citizens of town * Passive voice: no individuals did the lynching * Lynching was natural/unavoidable response * Antagonists * Black men dehumanized: "savages", "brutes", "beasts" * Assumed to be guilty * By default shown as sexually aggressive, criminals * Lynched *because* guilty ] --- .left-column[ ## Background ###Lynching ###Lynching discourse ###Antilynching discourse ] .right-column[ ###Arguments Refuted pro-lynching claims * e.g. rape alleged in minority of cases * Lynching a threat to law and order * Lynching part of a system of racial violence * e.g. Du Bois: "The police is the mob. The courts are the lynchers." ###Narratives Black voices counter white narratives about lynching * NAACP investigations * Ida Wells publications * Scottsboro Trials ]


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