| No. | Address | Capacity | Battery | Last Maintained | Urgency | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4000 Fourth Street | 75% | 50% | 19 April 2018 | (2) medium | Explore |
| 11 | 550 Huntington Ave | 100% | 25% | 19 April 2018 | (3) high | Explore |
| 20 | 44 Four Lane | 20% | 92% | 19 April 2018 | (1) low | Explore |
| 34 | 1000 Four Lane | 12% | 95% | 25 April 2018 | (1) low | Explore |
| 702 | 145 Yeven Drive | 20% | 78% | 25 April 2018 | (1) low | Explore |
| 100 | 23 Ninth Blvd | 23% | 74% | 21 April 2018 | (1) low | Explore |
| 102 | 12 First Drive | 50% | 40% | 21 April 2018 | (2) medium | Explore |
| 104 | 111 Second Lane | ?? | ?? | 17 April 2018 | (3) high | Explore |
| 105 | 90 Cumberland Road | 10% | 94% | 27 April 2018 | (1) low | Explore |
| 106 | 40 Snead Blvd | 15% | 80% | 25 April 2018 | (1) low | Explore |
| 107 | 76 Tory Road | 23% | 48% | 24 April 2018 | (2) medium | Explore |
| 108 | 89 Goddard Lane | 33% | 74% | 24 April 2018 | (1) low | Explore |


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I love text expansion. I was skeptical at first, but by employing it diligently, I’ve saved hours and hours of time.
On the Mac, my favorite is aText. It’s sleek, affordable, and has a killer feature set. On iOS, there are limited options (primarily because of iOS’ locked down architecture). To date, TextExpander Touch has been the only workable solution for me; thankfully, many other apps I use – such as Drafts and Fantastical – can use snippets defined in TextExpander Touch.
Unfortunately, there’s a glaring problem: there’s no way to synchronize your snippets between the two. If you come up with a great snippet on the road, you have to remember to manually enter it once you get back to your Mac. It’s a disaster for any real productivity fiend.
So, like any enterprising developer, I took matters into my own hands. Today, it becomes possible to synchronize snippets between aText and TextExpander Touch thanks to ExpandSync.
TL;DR
ExpandSync is an app of mine that synchronizes aText snippets with TextExpander Touch.
Explanation
ExpandSync is a command-line tool that offers semi-automated synchronization between aText and TextExpander Touch. The process it follows is fairly simple: upon running, it will figure out which snippets each program has (but the other doesn’t) and “give” them to each other (TextExpander, via Dropbox, and aText, via an importable CSV file).
Simple, clean, and it gets the job done.
Installation and Configuration
Full configuration instructions are on the project’s GitHub page.
Other Thoughts
I’ve got a full slate of features that I want to add to ExpandSync , but as with all my projects on Github, I urge feedback. Feel free to leave bug reports and enhancement requests on the project’s Issues Page. Feel free to leave feedback here, as well!


FlagPole
A FlagPole
hoists a group of feature flags / feature toggles.
@dynamicMemberLookup public class FlagPole<RootGroup> where RootGroup: FlagContainer
It provides the primary mechanism for dynamically accessing Flag
s, looking
them up from multiple sources. It also provides methods for taking and interaction
with Snapshot
s of flags.
Each FlagPole
must be initalised with the type of a FlagContainer
:
struct MyFlags: FlagContainer {
// ...
}
let flagPpole = FlagPole(hoist: MyFlags.self)
You can then interact with the FlagPole
using dynamic member lookup:
if flagPole.myFlag == true { ... }
Initializers
init(hoist:configuration:sources:)
Initialises a FlagPole
with the supplied info.
public convenience init(hoist: RootGroup.Type, configuration: VexilConfiguration = .default, sources: [FlagValueSource]? = nil)
At minimum you need to provide a type that contains all of your Flag
and FlagGroup
s that conforms to FlagContainer
.
You can also specify how flag keys should be calculated and an array of flag value sources.
Parameters
- hoist: - hoist: The type of
FlagContainer
to hoist. eg.MyFlags.self
- configuration: - configuration: An optional configuration describing how
Flag
keys should be calculated. Defaults toVexilConfiguration.default
- sources: - sources: An optional Array of
FlagValueSource
s to use as the flag pole’s source hierarchy. Defaults toFlagPole.defaultSources
Properties
_configuration
The configuration information supplied to the FlagPole
during initialisation.
let _configuration: VexilConfiguration
_sources
An Array of FlagValueSource
s that are used during flag value lookup.
var _sources: [FlagValueSource]
This array is mutable so you can manipulate it directly whenever your need to change the hierarchy of your flag sources.
The order of this Array is the order used when looking up flag values.
defaultSources
The default sources to use when they are not specified during init()
.
var defaultSources: [FlagValueSource]
The current default sources include:
UserDefaults.standard
_rootGroup
The “Root Group” that contains your Flag tree/hierarchy.
var _rootGroup: RootGroup
publisher
A Publisher
that can be used to monitor flag value changes in real-time.
var publisher: AnyPublisher<Snapshot<RootGroup>, Never>
A new Snapshot
is emitted every time a flag value changes. The snapshot
contains the latest state of all flag values in the tree.
Methods
snapshot()
Creates a Snapshot
of the current state of the FlagPole
public func snapshot() -> Snapshot<RootGroup>
The value of each Flag
within the FlagPole
is copied into the snapshot.
emptySnapshot()
Creates an empty Snapshot
of the current FlagPole
.
public func emptySnapshot() -> Snapshot<RootGroup>
The snapshot itself will be empty and access to any flags
within the snapshot will return the flag’s defaultValue
.
insert(snapshot:at:)
Inserts a Snapshot
into the FlagPole
s source hierarchy at the specified index.
public func insert(snapshot: Snapshot<RootGroup>, at index: Array<FlagValueSource>.Index)
Inserting a snapshot at the top of the hierarchy (eg at index 0
) is a good way to
override the values in the FlagPole without saving it to a source, but you can also
insert it anywhere in the hierarchy you need.
Parameters
- snapshot: - snapshot: The
Snapshot
to be inserted - at: - at: The index at which to insert the
Snapshot
.
append(snapshot:)
Appends a Snapshot
to the end of the FlagPole
s source hierarchy.
public func append(snapshot: Snapshot<RootGroup>)
Parameters
- snapshot: - snapshot: The
Snapshot
to be added to the source hierarchy.
remove(snapshot:)
Removes a Snapshot
from the FlagPole
s source hierarchy.
public func remove(snapshot: Snapshot<RootGroup>)
Parameters
- snapshot: - snapshot: The
Snapshot
to be removed from the source hierarchy.
save(snapshot:to:)
Saves the specified Snapshot
to the specified FlagValueSource
.
public func save(snapshot: Snapshot<RootGroup>, to source: FlagValueSource) throws
Only the values that are specifically included in the Snapshot
will be saved.
When you create a snapshot using FlagPole.snapshot()
, all values are copied into the Snapshot
.
If you created your snapshot using FlagPole.emptySnapshot()
, no values are included. Only values that
subsequently changed using the dynamic member lookup support would then be saved to source
:
// Create an empty snapshot
let snapshot = flagPole.emptySnapshot()
// Change any flags you need to
snapshot.subgroup.showMyTestFeature = true
// Save that back to `UserDefaults`. Only `subgroup.show-my-test-feature` will be saved.
try flagPole.save(snapshot: snapshot, to: UserDefaults.standard)
Parameters
- snapshot: - snapshot: The
Snapshot
to save to the source. Only the values included in the snapshot will be saved. - to: - to: The
FlagValueSource
to save the snapshot to.


{% extends "baselayout.html" %} {% load i18n %} {% block content %}
{% trans "An email has been sent to your address with a new password." %}


--- layout: page-fullwidth meta_teaser: teaser: "" header: image: TubeJointV2.jpg background-color: "#262930" caption: Testing a lift system caption_url: image: thumb: TubeJointV2.jpg homepage: caption: caption_url: "" categories: - robotics personhours: 1 title: ThanksGiving meet tags: [testing] rollcall: [Max] ---
The team had an extra meet during the Thanksgiving holidays and we used the ime to start building the lift system that will bring the balls up so we can deposit them in the tubes. Here I am testing a prototype of that system which consists of a cardboard poster mailer with a 3D designed and printed tube joint that guides the lift strap. The strap is a soft closed-cell foam type of weather stripping that nicely presses the balls against the far side of the tube and provides enough friction so they don't fall back down. The weather stripping is sewn to polyester strapping that prevents it from stretching and also provides a low friction backing that allows the strap to slide up the tube. These were materials we found on various trips to home depot.


Find listings in surrounding suburbs with PostGIS
One of the most common use cases in anything that is geo-referenced (properties, stations, rooms, airports, …) is the expansion of query results with "surrounding suburbs". Basically, when you look for a room in, let's say, Torquay, you also want to visualize relevant results in Bells Beach, Jan Juc, Breamlea and so forth and so on.
There are many possible solutions to this problem, each with its own pro and cons of course. The solution described in this post involves PostgreSQL and its geospatial extension, PostGIS. The idea is simple: you store a map with all the suburbs into your DB and then you use it as a normal table to perform join with other entities in order to geo-filter the results.
Cool, right?
What's this PostGIS again?
According to the official website, PostGIS "is a spatial database extender for PostgreSQL object-relational database. It adds support for geographic objects allowing location queries to be run in SQL". From the point of view of a machine, a map is just a composition of layers, stacked one on top of the other, and each layer is a collection of points and lines (or pixels, for raster layers). Those who are not familiar with GIS concepts can refer to this link for an oversimplified crash course. 🙂
Now, if a layer is just a collection of points and lines, it is possible to easily store it in a DB. Once the data is in, you can query and analyze it, and that's where you want to use PostGIS. This project will just scratch the surface of what you can do with geospatial data. To have a broader idea of the possibilities, check the list of PostGIS features.
Install the extension
The first thing you need to do is, well, install PostGIS! You can refer to the project's Dockerfile for the full example. To install PostGIS in Ubuntu, just run:
apt-get install -y postgis postgresql-9.3-postgis-2.1
Once you have PostGIS, you need to add the extension to the DB. I did that in the initialization script:
CREATE EXTENSION postgis;
CREATE EXTENSION postgis_topology;
To confirm that everything's ok, you can run the following query:
SELECT PostGIS_full_version();
Which will give you something like that:
POSTGIS="2.1.2 r12389" GEOS="3.4.2-CAPI-1.8.2 r3921" PROJ="Rel. 4.8.0, 6 March 2012" GDAL="GDAL 1.10.1, released 2013/08/26" LIBXML="2.9.1" LIBJSON="UNKNOWN" TOPOLOGY RASTER
(1 row)
Store the layer
Our DB is ready to accept geospatial queries now, the only thing we need is… data! To store the data in the DB, we're going to use GDAL, a collection of functions to manipulate spatial data. Once we've installed GDAL:
apt-get install -y gdal-bin
we can execute the following command that will create a table in the DB and store the geometries in it:
ogr2ogr -f "PostgreSQL" PG:"dbname=app_test" suburbs.shp -nln suburbs -nlt PROMOTE_TO_MULTI -overwrite
A simple count will be enough to test that everything's ok:
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM suburbs;
count
-------
1629
(1 row)
SQL for "Surrounding Suburbs"
We now have our map stored in the DB, and we also have a bunch of listings that we want to query. So, how do I find all the listings in the suburb of interest and in the vicinity? Let's make it easier: how do I find all the surrounding suburbs of a given place? Well, PostGIS comes with a set of useful functions, in particular ST_Intersect. For example, the following query:
SELECT b.ssc_name
FROM suburbs a
JOIN suburbs b ON ST_INTERSECTS(a.wkb_geometry, b.wkb_geometry)
WHERE a.ssc_name = 'Torquay';
will return all the surrounding suburbs of Torquay:
ssc_name
------------------
Bellbrae
Breamlea
Connewarre
Freshwater Creek
Jan Juc
Mount Duneed
Torquay
(7 rows)
Almost there! We can now use this subquery in the WHERE
condition of the real query:
SELECT *
FROM listings l
WHERE l.suburb IN (
SELECT b.ssc_name
FROM suburbs a
JOIN suburbs b ON ST_INTERSECTS(a.wkb_geometry, b.wkb_geometry)
WHERE a.ssc_name = 'Torquay'
);
Something doesn't look right
The aforementioned query will give us a set of listings from Torquay and the surrounding suburbs, as shown below:
Something doesn't look right though. If you check the list, you will notice that the listings are in the right set of suburbs, but the ones in Torquay do not show at the top of the list. How to fix that? One solution may be to order the results based on the distance from the suburb selected by the user. But, how do we measure this distance? Also, distance from… where?
Centroids to the rescue
What we can do is to measure the distance between the location (latitude and longitude) of each listing, and the centroid of the suburb requested by the user. We need to modify the DB to do so, and PostGIS will help us again! We can combine ST_X
, ST_Y
and ST_Centroid
to automatically calculate the centroid for each polygon in the DB:
ALTER TABLE "suburbs" ADD lon double precision;
UPDATE "suburbs" SET lon = ST_X(ST_Centroid(wkb_geometry));
ALTER TABLE "suburbs" ADD lat double precision;
UPDATE "suburbs" SET lat = ST_Y(ST_Centroid(wkb_geometry));
You can run a simple SELECT * FROM suburbs LIMIT 5
query to verify that each record now has latitude and longitude.
The final query
We can now modify the original query to include a simple ORDER BY
, using two more PostGIS functions, ST_MakePoint
and ST_Distance
:
SELECT *
FROM listings l
WHERE l.suburb IN (
SELECT b.ssc_name
FROM suburbs a
JOIN suburbs b ON ST_INTERSECTS(a.wkb_geometry, b.wkb_geometry)
WHERE a.ssc_name = 'Torquay'
)
ORDER BY ST_Distance(ST_MakePoint((SELECT lon FROM suburbs WHERE ssc_name = 'Torquay'), (SELECT lat FROM suburbs WHERE ssc_name = 'Torquay')), ST_MakePoint(l.lon, l.lat)) ASC;
We can finally filter by suburb AND "boost" our suburb of interest to the top of the list!
Conclusions
This post describes how to combine geospatial and non-geospatial data to enrich queries with geographic capabilities taking advantage of the PostGIS extension. The project has been implemented with Docker and Docker Compose, with Ruby on Rails for the web part (although you can use everything, considering that the core part is the DB), and PostgreSQL and PostGIS for the persistence layer.
Links
- Source code: https://github.com/Kalimaha/surrounding-suburbs
- PostGIS: https://postgis.net/
- GDAL: http://www.gdal.org/


|
VIPS
1.0
An implementation of Variational Inference by Policy Search
|
Public Member Functions | |
| VIPS (int num_dimensions, int num_threads, double min_kl_bound, double max_kl_bound) | |
| void | add_samples_to_database (arma::mat new_samples, arma::vec new_target_densities, arma::uvec used_components) |
| void | update_importance_weights () |
| void | recompute_densities (bool update_log_densities_on_model_comps=true, bool update_log_densities_on_background_dist=true) |
| arma::vec | select_active_samples (int num_comps, int num_samples, double temperature) |
| void | activate_newest_samples (int N, bool keep_old) |
| void | update_targets_for_KL_bounds (bool update_weight_targets, bool update_comp_targets) |
| void | getBestInterpolation (int index, mat my_samples, vec my_lnpdfs, vec bg_lnpdfs, double scaling_factor) |
| void | promote_samples_to_components (int N, double max_exploration_bonus, double tau, bool only_check_active_samples, int max_samples, bool scale_entropy, bool isotropic) |
| std::tuple< double, vec, vec > | update_weights (double epsilon, double tau, double entropy_bound, bool be_greedy) |
| arma::vec | adapt_KL_bound_for_comp_update (double max_kl_bound, double factor) |
| arma::vec | update_components (double tau, double ridge_coefficient, vec entropy_bounds, double max_active_samples, bool dont_learn_correlations, bool dont_recompute_densities, bool adapt_ridge_multipliers) |
| void | add_components (arma::vec new_weights_total, arma::mat new_means, arma::cube new_covs, bool dont_recompute_densities) |
| double | get_entropy_estimate_on_active_samples () |
| double | get_entropy_estimate_on_gmm_samples (int num_samples=10000) |
| std::tuple< arma::mat, arma::vec, arma::mat, arma::mat, arma::vec, arma::mat, arma::mat, arma::mat, arma::mat > | get_debug_info () |
| int | getNumSamples () |
| uvec | getActiveSamples () |
Public Attributes | |
| VIPS_Model | model |
| GMM | backgroundDistribution |
| SampleDatabase | sampleDatabase |
| VIPS::VIPS | ( | int | num_dimensions, |
| int | num_threads, | ||
| double | min_kl_bound, | ||
| double | max_kl_bound | ||
| ) |
Main class implementing the Learn-To-Sample algorithm
| num_dimensions | - dimensionality of the sampling problem |
| num_threads | - number of threads to use - the adaptive KL bound will not be set smaller than this threshold - the adaptive KL bound will not be set higher than this threshold |
| void VIPS::activate_newest_samples | ( | int | N, |
| bool | keep_old | ||
| ) |
Selects the N most recent samples and activates them (i.e. uses them for the upcoming learning iteration).
Makes sure, that all relevant data (e.g. densities, importance weights, etc.) gets updated
| N | - the maximum number of recent samples to be activated, actually number of activated samples might be less, iff the sample database does not contain sufficient samples. |
| keep_old | - if set to true, the samples that are currently active will remain active |
| vec VIPS::adapt_KL_bound_for_comp_update | ( | double | max_kl_bound, |
| double | factor | ||
| ) |
Adapts the KL bound based on the number of effective samples.
The KL bound for each component is set to min(max_kl_bound, factor * num_eff_samples(o))
| max_kl_bound | - hard upper bound for KL |
| factor | - factor for computing the KL bound based on the number of effective samples |
| void VIPS::add_components | ( | arma::vec | new_weights_total, |
| arma::mat | new_means, | ||
| arma::cube | new_covs, | ||
| bool | dont_recompute_densities | ||
| ) |
Adds new components.
| new_weights_total | - new weights of the GMM (including existing components) |
| new_means | - matrix of size N_dimensions x N_newComponents specifying the means of the new components |
| new_covs | - cube of size N_dimensions x N_dimensions x N_newComponents specifying the covariance matrices |
| dont_recompute_densities | - if true, do not update the marginals, responsibilities, etc after adding a new component of the new components |
| void VIPS::add_samples_to_database | ( | arma::mat | new_samples, |
| arma::vec | new_target_densities, | ||
| arma::uvec | used_components | ||
| ) |
Adds new samples to the database.
Note that the samples will not be used for learning, until they have been activated The samples are assumed to have been drawn from the current model and the indices of the relevant components are to be provided for computing background distributions when necessary.
| new_samples | - a matrix of size N_dimensions X N_samples |
| new_target_densities | - a vector of size N_samples containing the unnormalized densities on the target distribution |
| used_components | - a vector of size N_samples containing the indices of the components the corresponding samples have been drawn from |
| std::tuple< mat, vec, mat, mat, vec, mat, mat, mat, mat > VIPS::get_debug_info | ( | ) |
Get various densities, importance weights, etc. for debug purposes.
| double VIPS::get_entropy_estimate_on_active_samples | ( | ) |
Returns a (weighted importance sampling) Monte-Carlo estimate of the entropy of the learned model. The entropy is computed based on the active samples. As this entropy is computed based on precomputed values [importance weights and log(p(x))] th evaluation is very fast. However, if the number of active samples is still low or the samples are not "fresh" (low importance weights), the estimate can be quite bad. see get_entropy_estimate_on_gmm_samples() for a slower, but usually more accurate estimate.
| double VIPS::get_entropy_estimate_on_gmm_samples | ( | int | N = 10000 | ) |
Returns a Monte-Carlo estimate of the entropy of the learned model. This methods draws new samples from the learned model and evaluated their log-densities log(p(x)). The entropy of the learned model is then approximated as H(p) -1/N log(p(x)). see get_entropy_estimate_on_active_samples() for a faster, but usually less accurate estimate.
| N | - the number of samples that should be drawn for computing the estimate |
| void VIPS::getBestInterpolation | ( | int | index, |
| mat | my_samples, | ||
| vec | my_lnpdfs, | ||
| vec | bg_lnpdfs, | ||
| double | scaling_factor | ||
| ) |
For a given component, find the best interpolation between the current covariance matrix and a spherical one using a linear linesearch.
The quality of the covariance matrix is estimated based on an importance weighted Monte Carlo estimate of the expected loglikelihood on the target distribution.
The Monte Carlo estimate is computed based on a given set of samples, the corresponding target loglikelihoods and the loglikelihood of the sampling distribution.
IMPORTANT: This method will change the component to the best interpolation.
| index | - index specifying which component of the current model should be adapted |
| my_samples | - samples for the Monte Carlo estimate |
| my_lnpdfs | - vector containing the loglikelihood under the target distribution for each sample |
| bg_lnpdfs | - vector containing the loglikelihood of the distribution that was used for drawing the samples |
| scaling_factor | - the spherical covariance matrix is given by scaling_factor * eye() |
| void VIPS::promote_samples_to_components | ( | int | N, |
| double | max_exploration_bonus, | ||
| double | tau, | ||
| bool | only_check_active_samples, | ||
| int | max_samples, | ||
| bool | scale_entropy, | ||
| bool | isotropic | ||
| ) |
Selects promising locations among the current samples and create new components at these positions. The covariance matrices are given by the weighted sums of the covariance matrices current model (and afterwards rescaled by cov_scaling_factor), where the weights are given by the responsibilities of the model components for the new location. Locations are promising if the residual given by residual = log(p_intractable(x)) - log(p_model(x) + exp(max_exploration_bonus)) is high.
| N | - the number of samples to be promoted |
| max_exploration_bonus | - maximum bonus for samples that have low density on the current model |
| tau | - can be used to assign higher weight to the bonus for samples that have low density on the current model |
| only_check_active_samples | - if set to true, the residual is computed on the active samples only, otherwise, the resiudal is computed for all samples in the sample database. |
| max_samples | - maximum number of samples to be considered |
| scale_entropy | - if true, scale the entropy of the newly created component such that it corresponds to the average entropy p(o) H(p(x|o)) |
| isotropic | - if true, initialize new components as isotropic (identity-matrix if scale_entropy = False) instead of interpolating. |
| void VIPS::recompute_densities | ( | bool | update_log_densities_on_model_comps = true , |
| bool | update_log_densities_on_background_dist = true |
||
| ) |
Recomputes the densities of various distributions as well as the importance weights.
Manual invocation is in general not necessary, as the densities are automatic updated, e.g. after weight changes, component changes, adding components, etc.
| update_log_densities_on_model_comps | - if this flag is set to false, assume that the density-evaluations for each GMM component is up-to-date, e.g. because only the GMM weights have changed |
| update_log_densities_on_model_background_dist | - if this flag is set to false, assume that the density evaluations for the background distribution are up-to-date, e.g. because it was not changed at all |
| arma::vec VIPS::select_active_samples | ( | int | num_comps, |
| int | num_samples, | ||
| double | temperature | ||
| ) |
This function is used for building a mixture model for importance sampling.
For each component p(x|o) in the current approximation, iteratively sample num_comps components p(x|i) from the sample database (these have been used for drawing samples before) according to p p(mu_i|o) - n_usages Adds all samples from each chosen component and stops if num_samples are selected
The member active_samples is updated to contain the chosen samples
| num_comps | - maximum number of components that should be selected for each component in the approximation |
| num_samples | - stop after num_samples ahve been activated |
| temperature | - temperature for scaling the probability for sampling components |
| vec VIPS::update_components | ( | double | tau, |
| double | ridge_coefficient, | ||
| vec | entropy_bounds, | ||
| double | max_active_samples, | ||
| bool | dont_learn_correlations, | ||
| bool | dont_recompute_densities, | ||
| bool | adapt_ridge_multipliers | ||
| ) |
Updates the components p(s|o).
| max_kl_bound | - hard upper bound for each KL bound |
| factor | - factor for computing the KL bound for each component based on its number of effective samples |
| tau | - entropy coefficient |
| ridge_coefficient | - coefficient used for regularization when fitting the quadratic surrogate |
| entropy_bounds | - lower bound on entropy |
| max_active_samples | - size of the subset of samples that should be used for each component update |
| dont_learn_correlations | - iff true, fit a quadratic surrogate where R is diagonal (experimental) |
| dont_recompute_densities | - do not recompute the densities after the component update |
| adapt_ridge_multipliers | - if true, the ridge_coefficient will be adapted for each component |
| void VIPS::update_importance_weights | ( | ) |
Computes the importance weights q(x|o) / q_bg(x) for each component q(x|o) and the background-mixture q_bg(x) for the active set of samples. This method updates the class members importance_weights, log_importance_weights and importance_weights_normalized.
| void VIPS::update_targets_for_KL_bounds | ( | bool | update_weight_targets, |
| bool | update_comp_targets | ||
| ) |
Sets the current components p(s|o) and the current weight distribution p(o) as the target for the respective KL bounds.
| update_weight_targets | - only update the weight targets if this is set to true |
| update_comp_targets | - only update the component targets if this ist set to true |
| std::tuple< double, vec, vec > VIPS::update_weights | ( | double | epsilon, |
| double | tau, | ||
| double | entropy_bound, | ||
| bool | be_greedy | ||
| ) |
update the component weights p(o).
| epsilon | is the KL bound |
| tau | is the entropy coefficient |
| entropy | bound - has no effect if be_greedy is true. |
| be_greedy | - if true, don't perform KL-bound optimization but use the greedy optimal weights |


AFCON Champions Hit Five Past Zambia
by SL InternationalAlgeria 5-0 Zambia
Algeria got their campaign off to a flying start after hammering Zambia 5-0 in their Group H opener at Stade Mustapha Tchaker.
Ramy Bensebaini, Youcef Belaili and Arbi Soudani were also on target in addition to Baghdad Bounedjah's second-half brace.
Egypt 1-1 Kenya
Egypt, who without Mohamed Salah, got their campaign off to a slow start after being held to a 1-1 draw by Kenya in their Group G opener at Borg El Arab Stadium.
Kahraba broke the deadlock just before the break for the Pharaohs but Michael Olunga silenced the home crowd with the equaliser in the 67th minute to earn Kenya a precious point.
Togo 0-1 Comoros
Comoros moved to the top of Group G after upsetting Togo 1-0 in their opener at Stade de Kegue.
After a goalless first stanza, Faiz Selemanie finally broke the deadlock for Comoros six minutes into the second stanza to secure the spoils.
Mozambique 2-0 Rwanda
Mozambique got their Group F campaign off to a positive start after beating Rwanda 2-0 in Maputo.
Telinho and Edson Mexer netted first-half goals to seal the maximum points for the hosts.
Democratic Republic of Congo 0-0 Gabon
Democratic Republic of Congo and Gabon opened their Group D campaign with a golless stalemate at the Stade des Martyrs de la Pentecote in Kinshasa.
Mali 2-2 Guinea
Mali and Guinea played to a 2-2 draw in their Group A opener at Stade 26 Mars in Bomako.
After a goalless first stanza, the game came to life 11 minutes inside the second stanza after Mali broke the deadlock and it became a see-saw affair, with Guinea equalising twice to earn a point on the road.


ARDOUR(1) ARDOUR(1) NAME ardour - a digital audio workstation SYNOPSIS ardour -b [-U file] [session] ardour --help DESCRIPTION Ardour is a multichannel hard disk recorder (HDR) and digital audio work‐ station (DAW). It is capable of simultaneous recording 24 or more chan‐ nels of 32 bit audio at 48kHz. Ardour is intended to function as a "pro‐ fessional" HDR system, replacing dedicated hardware solutions such as the Mackie HDR, the Tascam 2424 and more traditional tape systems like the Alesis ADAT series. It is also intended to provide the same or better functionality as software systems such as ProTools, Samplitude, Logic Audio, Nuendo and Cubase VST (we acknowledge these and all other names as trademarks of their respective owners). It supports MIDI Machine Con‐ trol, and so can be controlled from any MMC controller, such as the Mackie Digital 8 Bus mixer and many other modern digital mixers. OPTIONS -b Print all possible keyboard binding names. -U Specify the path to the GTK RC file to use. The provided one is called ardour_ui.rc and lives in the top level Ardour source directory. This file controls all color and font use within Ardour. Ardour will run without it, but its appearance is, uhm, ugly. --help Displays the help message. FILES ardour.rc Defaults and startup settings for Ardour. ardour_ui.rc Definitions for the Ardour interface. ENVIRONMENT ARDOUR_RC Path to ardour.rc. ARDOUR_SYSTEM_RC Path to the ardour_system.rc LADSPA_PATH Path to LADSPA plugins. BUGS Yes. http://ardour.org/mantis is the preferred bugtracker. AUTHOR Paul Davis. Do not contact him directly. Instead, contact him at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>You can subscribe here: http://lists.ardour.org/listinfo.cgi/ardour-dev-ardour.org 2002-12-29 ARDOUR(1)


{% block head %}
This is an example XSEDE client application that authenticates a user via Globus Auth.


@import utils.templates.NavBarSettings @(form: play.api.data.Form[utils.utilities.EasierSolarForm], nb_settings: Option[NavBarSettings] = None)(implicit request: play.api.mvc.Request[AnyContent], configuration: play.api.Configuration) @views.html.headers.c160802_main("Get Easier Solar Quotes") {
Enter your project location
See info about incentives and local power costs
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If you’re ready to learn more, start by requesting personalized quotes. This will show you the estimated savings for your project, and the products and providers that are a good fit for you and your home.
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| Vocabulary Work Group | Maturity Level: 1 | Standards Status:Trial Use |
| Source | pCLOCD is made available by Canada Health Infoway at https://tgateway.infoway-inforoute.ca/pclocd.html |
| System | The URI https://fhir.infoway-inforoute.ca/CodeSystem/pCLOCD identifies pCLOCD codes. |
| Version | Where a version is used, it should include the appropriate version number of pCLOCD e.g. R05.11.00_2.67 |
| Code | The LOINC Code Identifier e.g. 21176-3. LOINC codes are not case sensitive. In addition, LOINC part codes and LOINC answer string ids can be used where appropriate |
| Display | Use either the Pan-Canadian Name EN or Pan-Canadian Name FR field for the display. |
| Inactive | Codes with Property pCLOCD Status = Inactive are considered inactive for use in ValueSet.compose.inactive |
| Filter Properties | Several properties are defined as described below |
User may incorporate portions of pCLOCD into another document (e.g., an implementation guide or other technical specification) for distribution outside of the User's corporation or organization, subject to these terms in addition to the terms and conditions specified in the LOINC and RELMA Terms of Use
Every copy of the document that contains portions of the pCLOCD table must include the following notice:
"This material contains content from the pan-Canadian LOINC® Observation Code Database (pCLOCD). Canada Health Infoway Inc. (Infoway) has created pCLOCD from LOINC® to address local requirements in Canada. Infoway maintains the copyright on these localized additions. pCLOCD is available at no cost to users with Standards Access. Access to pan-Canadian standards and supporting information is available to anyone who accepts the applicable license agreements annually. Link to pCLOCD Terms of Use is https://infocentral.infoway-inforoute.ca/8_UserReferencesAndSupports/Terms_And_License_Agreements/pCLOCD_Terms_of_Use. This material also includes a portion of the LOINC table and is subject to a license from Regenstrief Institute, Inc. which is available at http://loinc.org/terms-of-use."
User is required to indicate the appropriate version number of pCLOCD used.
Any information in the document that is extracted from the pCLOCD Nomenclature table must always be associated with the corresponding LOINC/pCLOCD code.
For comparison purposes, LOINC/pCLOCD codes, displays, and property values are not case sensitive, though implementers SHOULD maintain the correct case when using LOINC/pCLOCD codes and property values.
In addition to the standard properties, the following pCLOCD table fields are defined as code system properties when using pCLOCD in FHIR:
| Property Name | Data Type | Comments |
| Pan-Canadian Component Name – EN | string | This attribute contains the pan-Canadian "English" Component Name. The name either directly reflects the LOINC Component Name or is based on that name but is translated to terms commonly used in Canada. This name may be blank in situations where the Component Name should not form part of the pan-Canadian Display Name. |
| Pan-Canadian Component Name-FR | string | This attribute contains the pan-Canadian "French" Component Name. The name either directly reflects the FR LOINC Component Name or is based on that name but is translated to terms commonly used in Canada. This name may be blank in situations where the Component Name should not form part of the pan-Canadian FR Display Name. |
| pan-Canadian Name - EN | string | This attribute contains the suggested fully extended English name that is based on the English pan-Canadian Component Name and any augmented attributes that have been indicated as "yes". It can be used by systems to display or search for a test description (name). It is used in pan-Canadian conformant messages. |
| Pan-Canadian Name -FR | string | This attribute contains the suggested fully extended French name that is based on the Component and any augmented attributes that have been indicated as "yes". It can be used by systems to display or search for a test description (name). It is used in pan-Canadian conformant messages. |
| Example Viewer Name – EN | string | This attribute contains an example French viewer name that is based on the Laboratory_Viewer_Name_Guiding_Principles_and_Rules_V3.0-20130513.pdf document. It can be used to provide nomenclature for any jurisdictional viewer, but must not be used for pan Canadian Messaging or mapping of LIS test catalogues. It is published as an example for implementers. |
| Example Viewer Name - FR | string | This attribute contains an example French viewer name that is based on theLaboratory_Viewer_Name_Guiding_Principles_and_Rules_V3.0-20130513.pdf document. It can be used to provide nomenclature for any jurisdictional viewer, but must not be used for pan Canadian Messaging or mapping of LIS test catalogues. It is published as an example for implementers. |
| B/R/O | string | Provides users with an idea of the intended use of the term by categorizing it as an order only (O), result only (R ) , or both (B) |
| LN COMPONENT | code | LOINC first major axis-component or analyte: Analyte Name, Analyte sub-class, Challenge |
| LN PROPERTY | code | LOINC second major axis-property observed: Kind of Property (also called kind of quantity) |
| LN TIME_ASPCT | code | LOINC third major axis-timing of the measurement: Time Aspect (Point or moment in time vs. time interval) |
| LN SYSTEM | code | LOINC fourth major axis-type of specimen or system: System (Sample) Type |
| LN SCALE_TYP | code | LOINC fifth major axis-scale of measurement: Type of Scale |
| LN METHOD_TYP | code | LOINC sixth major axis-method of measurement: Type of Method |
| LN SHORTNAME | string | LOINC fully specified name |
| LN CLASS | string | An arbitrary classification of the terms for grouping related observations together |
| Sub-Class | String | This attribute is used to further categorize the LOINC Class attribute. Currently, Microbiology is the only class that has been subdivided. This attribute will facilitate review in large classes. |
| LN STATUS | string | LOINC Status of the term |
| LN LONG COMMON NAME | string | These names have been created by an algorithmic process and are checked for uniqueness. Most abbreviations and acronyms that are used in the LOINC database have been fully spelled out in English. For allergens, the common English names are used instead of the more formal Latin species names. For coagulation, the more commonly used phrases such as “Prothrombin time” have been used. |
| LN ÉLÉMENT (Component) | code | Canadian French translation of LOINC first major axis-component or analyte: Analyte Name, Analyte sub-class, Challenge |
| LN PROPRIÉTÉ (Property) | code | Canadian French translation of LOINC second major axis-property observed: Kind of Property (also called kind of quantity) |
| LN DURÉE (Time) | code | Canadian French translation of LOINC third major axis-timing of the measurement: Time Aspect (Point or moment in time vs. time interval) |
| LN SYSTÈME (System) | code | Canadian French translation of LOINC fourth major axis-type of specimen or system: System (Sample) Type |
| LN ÉCHELLE (Scale) | code | Canadian French translation of LOINC fifth major axis-scale of measurement: Type of Scale |
| LN MÉTHODE (Method) | code | Canadian French translation of LOINC sixth major axis-method of measurement: Type of Method |
| LN CATÉGORIE (Class) | code | Canadian French translation of LOINC arbitrary classification of the terms for grouping related observations together |
| SOUS-CATÉGORIE (Sub-Class) | string | Canadian French translation of attribute used to further categorize the LOINC Class attribute. Currently, Microbiology is the only class that has been subdivided. This attribute will facilitate review in large classes. |
| pCLOCD Status | string | pCLOCD Status of term |
| MIS Service Activity Reporting (Y/N) | string | This field is used to identify pCLOCD codes that are counted as a service activity statistic as defined in the MIS Standards (Standards for Management Information Systems) published by the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI). The field is managed by CIHI. Further information about service activity and the principles and process used to define this attribute may be obtained by reviewing the MIS Standards or emailing<EMAIL_ADDRESS>‘ Y’ indicates it should be counted, ‘N’ indicates it should not be counted and ‘X’ indicates the pCLOCD code has not been evaluated. |
Note that when a $lookup operation is performed on a pCLOCD code, servers SHALL return the version being used (see above) in the 'version' property. Other properties are at the discretion of the server and the client.


Suspect in armored truck robbery charged with multiple counts
by Allyson BlairHONOLULU, Hawaii (HawaiiNewsNow) - The 25-year-old who allegedly grabbed a money bag from an armored truck earlier this week has been charged.
A police spokeswoman said Jacob Mariano was charged with second-degree robbery, first-degree burglary and car theft. His remains behind bars on $40,000 bail.
The robbery happened just before 9 a.m. Tuesday at the McDonald’s off Nimitz Highway and Koapaka Street.
Witnesses say the suspect snatched the bag before the guard could lock it up. Police say the guard, who’s in his late 60s, tried to hold on to the bag but the suspect wrestled it away.
Police said the suspect then fled on foot, stowed the cash in a nearby backyard and then stole a car.
Officers arrested Mariano after he allegedly returned to where the cash was stowed to retrieve it.
Copyright 2019 Hawaii News Now. All rights reserved.


The future of DNN depends on your constructive thoughts and opinions.
Try out our platform and
let us know what you think.
By default, all testers are directed to the non-blockchain version of the DNN alpha for easier access. At anytime during the demo, testers can switch to the blockchain version of DNN to enable smart contract-based functionality. Functionality can only be tested on the blockchain version.
ContinueThis alpha is meant to be a very simple proof of concept, with Ethereum smart contract functionality in place. We will continue to improve upon it frequently, as we work toward building DNN in its entirety. Note that certain important aspects are unfinished or haven’t been added yet.
Create Account I already have an accountPlease provide the email address associated with your account to receive your access link.
Your access link has been sent to the email provided. In the event that you did not receive an access link, you can have it resent by using the option below.
Resend linkYou are now ready to try the DNN alpha! If you have any feedback or questions, please don't hesitate to contact us at
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or join the discussion on slack.
Improvements to the alpha will occur each week, so if you have ideas for how to make DNN better, please let us know!
Done


Adds a Stashes view to visualize, explore, and manage Git stashes
Chooses the best layout based on the number of files at each nesting level
Compacts (flattens) unnecessary nesting when using a tree layouts
For more options, open Settings and search for gitlens.views.stashes or gitlens.views


QCameraInfo Class
The QCameraInfo class provides general information about camera devices. More...
| Header: | #include <QCameraInfo> |
| qmake: | QT += multimedia |
| Since: | Qt 5.3 |
Public Functions
| QCameraInfo(const QByteArray &name = QByteArray()) | |
| QCameraInfo(const QCamera &camera) | |
| QCameraInfo(const QCameraInfo &other) | |
| ~QCameraInfo() | |
| QString | description() const |
| QString | deviceName() const |
| bool | isNull() const |
| int | orientation() const |
| QCamera::Position | position() const |
| bool | operator!=(const QCameraInfo &other) const |
| QCameraInfo & | operator=(const QCameraInfo &other) |
| bool | operator==(const QCameraInfo &other) const |
Static Public Members
| QList<QCameraInfo> | availableCameras(QCamera::Position position = QCamera::UnspecifiedPosition) |
| QCameraInfo | defaultCamera() |
Detailed Description
The QCameraInfo class provides general information about camera devices.
QCameraInfo lets you query for camera devices that are currently available on the system.
The static functions defaultCamera() and availableCameras() provide you a list of all available cameras.
This example prints the name of all available cameras:
QList<QCameraInfo> cameras = QCameraInfo::availableCameras(); foreach (const QCameraInfo &cameraInfo, cameras) qDebug() << cameraInfo.deviceName();
A QCameraInfo can be used to construct a QCamera. The following example instantiates a QCamera whose camera device is named 'mycamera':
QList<QCameraInfo> cameras = QCameraInfo::availableCameras(); foreach (const QCameraInfo &cameraInfo, cameras) { if (cameraInfo.deviceName() == "mycamera") camera = new QCamera(cameraInfo); }
You can also use QCameraInfo to get general information about a camera device such as description, physical position on the system, or camera sensor orientation.
QCamera myCamera; QCameraInfo cameraInfo(myCamera); if (cameraInfo.position() == QCamera::FrontFace) qDebug() << "The camera is on the front face of the hardware system."; else if (cameraInfo.position() == QCamera::BackFace) qDebug() << "The camera is on the back face of the hardware system."; qDebug() << "The camera sensor orientation is " << cameraInfo.orientation() << " degrees.";
See also QCamera.
Member Function Documentation
QCameraInfo::QCameraInfo(const QByteArray &name = QByteArray())
Constructs a camera info object from a camera device name.
If no such device exists, the QCameraInfo object will be invalid and isNull() will return true.
QCameraInfo::QCameraInfo(const QCamera &camera)
Constructs a camera info object for camera.
You can use it to query information about the camera object passed as argument.
If the camera is invalid, for example when no camera device is available on the system, the QCameraInfo object will be invalid and isNull() will return true.
QCameraInfo::QCameraInfo(const QCameraInfo &other)
Constructs a copy of other.
QCameraInfo::~QCameraInfo()
Destroys the QCameraInfo.
[static]
QList<QCameraInfo> QCameraInfo::availableCameras(QCamera::Position position = QCamera::UnspecifiedPosition)
Returns a list of available cameras on the system which are located at position.
If position is not specified or if the value is QCamera::UnspecifiedPosition, a list of all available cameras will be returned.
[static]
QCameraInfo QCameraInfo::defaultCamera()
Returns the default camera on the system.
The returned object should be checked using isNull() before being used, in case there is no default camera or no cameras at all.
See also availableCameras().
QString QCameraInfo::description() const
Returns the human-readable description of the camera.
QString QCameraInfo::deviceName() const
Returns the device name of the camera
This is a unique ID to identify the camera and may not be human-readable.
bool QCameraInfo::isNull() const
Returns true if this QCameraInfo is null or invalid.
int QCameraInfo::orientation() const
Returns the physical orientation of the camera sensor.
The value is the orientation angle (clockwise, in steps of 90 degrees) of the camera sensor in relation to the display in its natural orientation.
You can show the camera image in the correct orientation by rotating it by this value in the anti-clockwise direction.
For example, suppose a mobile device which is naturally in portrait orientation. The back-facing camera is mounted in landscape. If the top side of the camera sensor is aligned with the right edge of the screen in natural orientation, the value should be 270. If the top side of a front-facing camera sensor is aligned with the right of the screen, the value should be 90.
QCamera::Position QCameraInfo::position() const
Returns the physical position of the camera on the hardware system.
bool QCameraInfo::operator!=(const QCameraInfo &other) const
Returns true if this QCameraInfo is different from other.
QCameraInfo &QCameraInfo::operator=(const QCameraInfo &other)
Sets the QCameraInfo object to be equal to other.
bool QCameraInfo::operator==(const QCameraInfo &other) const
Returns true if this QCameraInfo is equal to other.


Guidance
Guidance on using pupil registers and attendance codes, as well as setting school hours and term dates.
Ref: DFE-00257-2013 PDF , 326KB , 19 pages
This guidance is for:
It may also be useful for parents and carers.
It applies to:
This guidance will help you maintain high levels of school attendance and plan school hours, term and holiday dates. It provides information about interventions to address pupils’ poor attendance and behaviour at school.
You should use it alongside the statutory guidance on parental measures for school attendance and behaviour .
Published: 25 November 2013
Updated: 2 November 2016


ARIA stands for “Accessible Rich Internet Applications”, and is a technical specification created by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Better known as WAI-ARIA, it provides additional HTML attributes in the development of web applications to offer people who use assistive technologies (AT) a more robust and interoperable experience with dynamic components. By providing the component’s role, name, and state, AT users can better understand how to interact with the component. WAI-ARIA should only be used when an HTML element equivalent is not available or lacks full browser or AT support. WAI-ARIA’s semantic markup coupled with JavaScript works to provide an understandable and interactive experience for people who use AT.
An example using ARIA:
<div
role="combobox"
aria-expanded="false"
aria-owns="ex1-grid"
aria-haspopup="grid"
id="ex1-combobox">
...
</div>
Credit: W3C’s ARIA 1.1 Combobox with Grid Popup Example


Section 8: Generic Functions¶
With the defgeneric and defmethod constructs, new generic functions may be written directly in CLIPS. Generic functions are similar to deffunctions because they can be used to define new procedural code directly in CLIPS, and they can be called like any other function (see sections 2.3.2 and 7). However, generic functions are much more powerful because they can do different things depending on the types (or classes) and number of their arguments. For example, a ?+? operator could be defined which performs concatenation for strings but still performs arithmetic addition for numbers. Generic functions are comprised of multiple components called methods, where each method handles different cases of arguments for the generic function. A generic function which has more than one method is said to be overloaded.
Generic functions can have system functions and user-defined external functions as implicit methods. For example, an overloading of the ?+? operator to handle strings consists of two methods: 1) an implicit one which is the system function handling numerical addition, and 2) an explicit (user-defined) one handling string concatenation. Deffunctions, however, may not be methods of generic functions because they are subsumed by generic functions anyway. Deffunctions are only provided so that basic new functions can be added directly in CLIPS without the concerns of overloading. For example, a generic function that has only one method that restricts only the number of arguments is equivalent to a deffunction.
In most cases, generic function methods are not called directly (the function call-specific-method described in section 12.15.8 can be used to do so, however). CLIPS recognizes that a function call is generic and uses the generic function?s arguments to find and execute the appropriate method. This process is termed the generic dispatch.
8.1 Note on the Use of the Term Method¶
Most OOP systems support procedural behavior of objects either through message-passing (e.g. Smalltalk) or by generic functions (e.g. CLOS). CLIPS supports both of these mechanisms, although generic functions are not strictly part of COOL. A generic function may examine the classes of its arguments but must still use messages within the bodies of its methods to manipulate any arguments that are instances of user-defined classes. Section 9 gives more details on COOL. The fact that CLIPS supports both mechanisms leads to confusion in terminology. In OOP systems that support message-passing only, the term method is used to denote the different implementations of a message for different classes. In systems that support generic functions only, however, the term method is used to denote the different implementations of a generic function for different sets of argument restrictions. To avoid this confusion, the term message-handler is used to take the place of method in the context of messages. Thus in CLIPS, message-handlers denote the different implementations of a message for different classes, and methods denote the different implementations of a generic function for different sets of argument restrictions.
8.2 Performance Penalty of Generic Functions¶
A call to a generic function is computationally more expensive than a call to a system function, user-defined external function or deffunction. This is because CLIPS must first examine the function arguments to determine which method is applicable. A performance penalty of 15%-20% is not unexpected. Thus, generic functions should not be used for routines for which time is critical, such as routines that are called within a while loop, if at all possible. Also, generic functions should always have at least two methods. Deffunctions or user-defined external functions should be used when overloading is not required. A system or user-defined external function that is not overloaded will, of course, execute as quickly as ever, since the generic dispatch is unnecessary.
8.3 Order Dependence of Generic Function Definitions¶
If a construct which uses a system or user-defined external function is loaded before a generic function that uses that function as an implicit method, all calls to that function from that construct will bypass the generic dispatch. For example, if a generic function which overloads the ?+? operator is defined after a rule which uses the ?+? operator, that rule will always call the ?+? system function directly. However, similar rules defined after the generic function will use the generic dispatch.
8.4 Defining a New Generic Function¶
A generic function is comprised of a header (similar to a forward declaration) and zero or more methods. A generic function header can either be explicitly declared by the user or implicitly declared by the definition of at least one method. A method is comprised of six elements: 1) a name (which identifies to which generic function the method belongs), 2) an optional index, 3) an optional comment, 4) a set of parameter restrictions, 5) an optional wildcard parameter restriction to handle a variable number of arguments and 6) a sequence of actions, or expressions, which will be executed in order when the method is called. The parameter restrictions are used by the generic dispatch to determine a method?s applicability to a set of arguments when the generic function is actually called. The defgeneric construct is used to specify the generic function header, and the defmethod construct is used for each of the generic function?s methods.
Syntax
(defgeneric <name> [<comment>])
(defmethod <name> [<index>] [<comment>]
(<parameter-restriction>* [<wildcard-parameter-restriction>])
<action>*)
<parameter-restriction> ::= <single-field-variable> |
(<single-field-variable> <type>* [<query>])
<wildcard-parameter-restriction> ::= <multifield-variable> |
(<multifield-variable> <type>* [<query>])
<type> ::= <class-name>
<query> ::= <global-variable> | <function-call>
A generic function must be declared, either by a header or a method, prior to being called from another generic function method, deffunction, object message-handler, rule, or the top level. The only exception is a self recursive generic function.
8.4.1 Generic Function Headers¶
A generic function is uniquely identified by name. In order to reference a generic function in other constructs before any of its methods are declared, an explicit header is necessary. Otherwise, the declaration of the first method implicitly creates a header. For example, two generic functions whose methods mutually call the other generic function (mutually recursive generic functions) would require explicit headers.
8.4.2 Method Indices¶
A method is uniquely identified by name and index, or by name and parameter restrictions. Each method for a generic function is assigned a unique integer index within the group of all methods for that generic function. Thus, if a new method is defined which has exactly the same name and parameter restrictions as another method, CLIPS will automatically replace the older method. However, any difference in parameter restrictions will cause the new method to be defined in addition to the older method. To replace an old method with one that has different parameter restrictions, the index of the old method can be explicitly specified in the new method definition. However, the parameter restrictions of the new method must not match that of another method with a different index. If an index is not specified, CLIPS assigns an index that has never been used by any method (past or current) of this generic function. The index assigned by CLIPS can be determined with the list-defmethods command (see section 13.10.4).
8.4.3 Method Parameter Restrictions¶
Each parameter for a method can be defined to have arbitrarily complex restrictions or none at all. A parameter restriction is applied to a generic function argument at run-time to determine if a particular method will accept the argument. A parameter can have two types of restrictions: type and query. A type restriction constrains the classes of arguments that will be accepted for a parameter. A query restriction is a user-defined boolean test which must be satisfied for an argument to be acceptable. The complexity of parameter restrictions directly affects the speed of the generic dispatch.
A parameter that has no restrictions means that the method will accept any argument in that position. However, each method of a generic function must have parameter restrictions that make it distinguishable from all of the other methods so that the generic dispatch can tell which one to call at run-time. If there are no applicable methods for a particular generic function call, CLIPS will generate an error (see section 8.5.4 for more detail).
A type restriction allows the user to specify a list of types (or classes), one of which must match (or be a superclass of) the class of the generic function argument. If COOL is not installed in the current CLIPS configuration, the only types (or classes) available are: OBJECT, PRIMITIVE, LEXEME, SYMBOL, STRING, NUMBER, INTEGER, FLOAT, MULTIFIELD, FACT-ADDRESS and EXTERNAL-ADDRESS. Section 9 describes each of these system classes. With COOL, INSTANCE, INSTANCE-ADDRESS, INSTANCE-NAME, USER, INITIAL-OBJECT and any user-defined classes are also available. Generic functions that use only the first group of types in their methods will work the same whether COOL is installed or not. The classes in a type restriction must be defined already, since they are used to predetermine the precedence between a generic function?s methods (see section 8.5.2 for more detail). Redundant classes are not allowed in restriction class lists. For example, the following method parameter?s type restriction is redundant since INTEGER is a subclass of NUMBER.
Example
(defmethod foo ((?a INTEGER NUMBER)))
If the type restriction (if any) is satisfied for an argument, then a query restriction (if any) will be applied. The query restriction must either be a global variable or a function call. CLIPS evaluates this expression, and if it evaluates to anything but the symbol FALSE, the restriction is considered satisfied. Since a query restriction is not always satisfied, queries should not have any side-effects, for they will be evaluated for a method that may not end up being applicable to the generic function call. Since parameter restrictions are examined from left to right, queries that involve multiple parameters should be included with the rightmost parameter. This insures that all parameter type restrictions have already been satisfied. For example, the following method delays evaluation of the query restriction until the classes of both arguments have been verified.
Example
(defmethod foo ((?a INTEGER) (?b INTEGER (> ?a ?b))))
If the argument passes all these tests, it is deemed acceptable to a method. If all generic function arguments are accepted by a method?s restrictions, the method itself is deemed applicable to the set of arguments. When more than one method is applicable to a set of arguments, the generic dispatch must determine an ordering among them and execute the first one in that ordering. Method precedence is used for this purpose and will be discussed in section 8.5.2.
Example
In the following example, the first call to the generic function ?+? executes the system operator ?+?, an implicit method for numerical addition. The second call executes the explicit method for string concatenation, since there are two arguments and they are both strings. The third call generates an error because the explicit method for string concatenation only accepts two arguments and the implicit method for numerical addition does not accept strings at all.
CLIPS> (clear)
CLIPS> (defmethod + ((?a STRING) (?b STRING))
(str-cat ?a ?b))
CLIPS> (+ 1 2)
3
CLIPS> (+ "foo" "bar")
"foobar"
CLIPS> (+ "foo" "bar" "woz")
[GENRCEXE1] No applicable methods for +.
FALSE
CLIPS>
8.4.4 Method Wildcard Parameter¶
A method may accept exactly or at least a specified number of arguments, depending on whether a wildcard parameter is used or not. The regular parameters specify the minimum number of arguments that must be passed to the method. Each of these parameters may be referenced like a normal single-field variable within the actions of the method. If a wildcard parameter is present, the method may be passed any number of arguments greater than or equal to the minimum. If no wildcard parameter is present, then the method must be passed exactly the number of arguments specified by the regular parameters. Method arguments that do not correspond to a regular parameter can be grouped into a multifield value that can be referenced by the wildcard parameter within the body of the method. The standard CLIPS multifield functions, such as length$ and expand$, can be applied to the wildcard parameter.
If multifield values are passed as extra arguments, they will all be merged into one multifield value referenced by the wildcard parameter. This is because CLIPS does not support nested multifield values.
Type and query restrictions can be applied to arguments grouped in the wildcard parameter similarly to regular parameters. Such restrictions apply to each individual field of the resulting multifield value (not the entire multifield). However, expressions involving the wildcard parameter variable may be used in the query. In addition, a special variable may be used in query restrictions on the wildcard parameter to refer to the individual arguments grouped into the wildcard: ?current-argument. This variable is only in scope within the query and has no meaning in the body of the method. For example, to create a version of the ?+? operator which acts differently for sums of all even integers:
Example
CLIPS> (defmethod + (($?any INTEGER (evenp ?current-argument)))
(div (call-next-method) 2))
CLIPS> (+ 1 2)
3
CLIPS> (+ 4 6 4)
7
CLIPS>
It is important to emphasize that query and type restrictions on the wildcard parameter are applied to every argument grouped in the wildcard. Thus in the following example, the > and length$ functions are actually called three times, since there are three arguments:
Example
CLIPS> (defmethod foo (($?any (> (length$ ?any) 2))) yes)
CLIPS> (foo 1 red 3)
yes
CLIPS>
In addition, a query restriction will never be examined if there are no arguments in the wildcard parameter range. For example, the the previous methodwould be applicable to a call to the generic function with no arguments because the query restriction is never evaluated:
Example
CLIPS> (foo)
yes
CLIPS>
Typically query restrictions applied to the entire wildcard parameter are testing the cardinality (the number of arguments passed to the method). In cases like this where the type is irrelevant to the test, the query restriction can be attached to a regular parameter instead to improve performance (see section 8.5.1). Thus the previous method could be improved as follows:
Example
CLIPS> (clear)
CLIPS> (defmethod foo ((?arg (> (length$ ?any) 1)) $?any) yes)
CLIPS> (foo)
[GENRCEXE1] No applicable methods for foo.
FALSE
CLIPS>
This approach should not be used if the types of the arguments grouped by the wildcard must be verified prior to safely evaluating the query restriction.
8.5 Generic Dispatch¶
When a generic function is called, CLIPS selects the method for that generic function with highest precedence for which parameter restrictions are satisfied by the arguments. This method is executed, and its value is returned as the value of the generic function. This entire process is referred to as the generic dispatch. Below is a flow diagram summary:
The solid arrows indicate automatic control transfer by the generic dispatch. The dashed arrows indicate control transfer that can only be accomplished by the use or lack of the use of call-next-method or override-next-method.
8.5.1 Applicability of Methods Summary¶
An explicit (user-defined) method is applicable to a generic function call if the following three conditions are met:
- its name matches that of the generic function,
- it accepts at least as many arguments as were passed to the generic function, and
- every argument of the generic function satisfies the corresponding parameter restriction (if any) of the method.
Method restrictions are examined from left to right. As soon as one restriction is not satisfied, the method is abandoned, and the rest of the restrictions (if any) are not examined.
When a standard CLIPS system function is overloaded, CLIPS forms an implicit method definition corresponding to that system function. This implicit method is derived from the argument restriction string for the external DefineFunction2 call defining that function to CLIPS (see the Advanced Programming Guide). This string can be accessed with the function get-function-restrictions. The specification of this implicit method can be examined with the list-defmethods or get-method-restrictions functions. The method that CLIPS will form for a system function can be derived by the user from the BNF given in this document. For example,
(+ <number> <number>+)
would yield the following method for the ?+? function:
(defmethod + ((?first NUMBER) (?second NUMBER) ($?rest NUMBER)) ...)
The method definition is used to determine the applicability and precedence of the system function to the generic function call.
The following system functions cannot be overloaded, and CLIPS will generate an error if an attempt is made to do so.
| active-duplicate-instance | find-instance |
| active-initialize-instance | foreach |
| active-make-instance | if |
| active-message-duplicate-instance | make-instance |
| active-message-modify-instance | initialize-instance |
| active-modify-instance | loop-for-count |
| any-instancep | message-duplicate-instance |
| assert | message-modify-instance |
| bind | modify |
| break | modify-instance |
| call-next-handler | next-handlerp |
| call-next-method | next-methodp |
| call-specific-method | object-pattern-match-delay |
| delayed-do-for-all-instances | override-next-handler |
| do-for-all-instances | override-next-method |
| do-for-instance | progn |
| duplicate | progn$ |
| duplicate-instance | return |
| expand$ | switch |
| find-all-instances | while |
8.5.2 Method Precedence¶
When two or more methods are applicable to a particular generic function call, CLIPS must pick the one with highest precedence for execution. Method precedence is determined when a method is defined; the list-defmethods function can be used to examine the precedence of methods for a generic function (see section 13.10).
The precedence between two methods is determined by comparing their parameter restrictions. In general, the method with the most specific parameter restrictions has the highest precedence. For example, a method that demands an integer for a particular argument will have higher precedence than a method which only demands a number. The exact rules of precedence between two methods are given in order below; the result of the first rule that establishes precedence is taken.
1. The parameter restrictions of both methods are positionally compared from left to right. In other words, the first parameter restriction in the first method is matched against the first parameter restriction in the second method, and so on. The comparisons between these pairs of parameter restrictions from the two methods determine the overall precedence between the two methods. The result of the first pair of parameter restrictions that specifies precedence is taken. The following rules are applied in order to a parameter pair; the result of the first rule that establishes precedence is taken.
- A regular parameter has precedence over a wildcard parameter.
- The most specific type restriction on a particular parameter has priority. A class is more specific than any of its superclasses.
- A parameter with a query restriction has priority over one that does not.
- The method with the greater number of regular parameters has precedence.
- A method without a wildcard parameter has precedence over one that does
- A method defined before another one has priority.
If there are multiple classes on a single restriction, determining specificity is slightly more complicated. Since all precedence determination is done when the new method is defined, and the actual class of the generic function argument will not be known until run-time, arbitrary (but deterministic) rules are needed for determining the precedence between two class lists. The two class lists are examined by pairs from left to right, e.g. the pair of first classes from both lists, the pair of second classes from both lists and so on. The first pair containing a class and its superclass specify precedence. The class list containing the subclass has priority. If no class pairs specify precedence, then the shorter class list has priority. Otherwise, the class lists do not specify precedence between the parameter restrictions.
Example 1
; The system operator '+' is an implicit method ; #1
; Its definition provided by the system is:
; (defmethod + ((?a NUMBER) (?b NUMBER) ($?rest NUMBER)))
(defmethod + ((?a NUMBER) (?b INTEGER))) ; #2
(defmethod + ((?a INTEGER) (?b INTEGER))) ; #3
(defmethod + ((?a INTEGER) (?b NUMBER))) ; #4
(defmethod + ((?a NUMBER) (?b NUMBER) ; #5
($?rest PRIMITIVE)))
(defmethod + ((?a NUMBER) ; #6
(?b INTEGER (> ?b 2))))
(defmethod + ((?a INTEGER (> ?a 2)) ; #7
(?b INTEGER (> ?b 3))))
(defmethod + ((?a INTEGER (> ?a 2)) ; #8
(?b NUMBER)))
The precedence would be: #7,#8,#3,#4,#6,#2,#1,#5. The methods can be immediately partitioned into three groups of decreasing precedence according to their restrictions on the first parameter: A) methods which have a query restriction and a type restriction of INTEGER (#7,#8), B) methods which have a type restriction of INTEGER (#3,#4), and C) methods which have a type restriction of NUMBER (#1,#2,#5,#6). Group A has precedence over group B because parameters with query restrictions have priority over those that do not. Group B has precedence over group C because INTEGER is a subclass of NUMBER. Thus, the ordering so far is: (#7,#8),(#3,#4),(#1,#2,#5,#6). Ordering between the methods in a particular set of parentheses is not yet established.
The next step in determining precedence between these methods considers their restrictions on the second parameter. #7 has priority over #8 because INTEGER is a subclass of NUMBER. #3 has priority over #4 because INTEGER is a subclass of NUMBER. #6 and #2 have priority over #1 and #5 because INTEGER is a subclass of NUMBER. #6 has priority over #2 because it has a query restriction and #2 does not. Thus the ordering is now: #7,#8,#3,#4,#6,#2,(#1,#5).
The restriction on the wildcard argument yields that #1 (the system function implicit method) has priority over #5 since NUMBER is a sublclass of PRIMITIVE. This gives the final ordering: #7,#8,#3,#4,#6,#2,#1,#5.
Example 2
(defmethod foo ((?a NUMBER STRING))) ; #1
(defmethod foo ((?a INTEGER LEXEME))) ; #2
The precedence would be #2,#1. Although STRING is a subclass of LEXEME, the ordering is still #2,#1 because INTEGER is a subclass of NUMBER, and NUMBER/INTEGER is the leftmost pair in the class lists.
Example 3
(defmethod foo ((?a MULTIFIELD STRING))) ; #1
(defmethod foo ((?a LEXEME))) ; #2
The precedence would be #2,#1 because the classes of the first pair in the type restriction (MULTIFIELD/LEXEME) are unrelated and #2 has fewer classes in its class list.
Example 4
(defmethod foo ((?a INTEGER LEXEME))) ; #1
(defmethod foo ((?a STRING NUMBER))) ; #2
Both pairs of classes (INTEGER/STRING and LEXEME/NUMBER) are unrelated, and the class lists are of equal length. Thus, the precedence is taken from the order of definition: #1,#2.
8.5.3 Shadowed Methods¶
If one method must be called by another method in order to be executed, the first function or method is a said to be shadowed by the second method. Normally, only one method or system function will be applicable to a particular generic function call. If there is more than one applicable method, the generic dispatch will only execute the one with highest precedence. Letting the generic dispatch automatically handle the methods in this manner is called the declarative technique, for the declarations of the method restrictions dictate which method gets executed in specific circumstances. However, the functions call-next-method and override-next-method (see section 12.15.6 and 12.15.7) may also be used which allow a method to execute the method that it is shadowing. This is called the imperative technique, since the method execution itself plays a role in the generic dispatch. This is not recommended unless it is absolutely necessary. In most circumstances, only one piece of code should need to be executed for a particular set of arguments. Another imperative technique is to use the function call-specific-method to override method precedence (see section 12.15.8)
8.5.4 Method Execution Errors¶
If an error occurs while any method for a generic function call is executing, any actions in the current method not yet executed will be aborted, any methods not yet called will be aborted, and the generic function will return the symbol FALSE. The lack of any applicable methods for a set of generic function arguments is considered a method execution error.
8.5.5 Generic Function Return Value¶
The return value of a generic function is the return value of the applicable method with the highest precedence. Each applicable method that is executed can choose to ignore or capture the return value of any method that it is shadowing.
The return value of a particular method is the last action evaluated by that method.


Hello,
You've been invited by {{ sent_from }} to join the following team: {{ invite.team.name }}.
By joining the team you'll be able to participate in the {{ invite.team.challenge }} challenge on behalf of {{ invite.team.name }}.
To join, sign in and click the Accept button at the top of the page.
Thanks for participating in the ISIC Challenge!


In this hackathon, we challenge participants to come up with ideas to
- Prevent violence
- Promote social inclusion
- Give a voice to people in areas struck by conflict or censorship
This broad formulation aims to keep the door open for innovative ideas beyond what we could think of.
To give you some guidance however, we include some examples of projects that we consider to be very interesting:
-
Twitter Speak-To-Tweet
In 2011, Google and Twitter partnered up to create Speak-To-Tweet, in an effort to overcome internet blackouts in Egypt during anti-government protests there. The service allowed people without access to the Web share messages on Twitter via voice mail. For each call, the service instantly posted a message to Twitter with a link to listen to the message.
-
Amazon Alexa - implicit bias listener
Most of us have implicit biases towards various social groups. One can picture an Amazon Alexa skill that listens select conversations and makes you aware of any implicit biases that come out of the transcript.


Wendy and his team of agents have served over 5,400 home owners since 1995.
Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's content.
Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's content.
Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's content.
Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's content.
Some quick example text to build on the card title and make up the bulk of the card's content.
We Look Forward to Working with You
Total Realty Texas
specializes in exceptional client service and unparalleled market knowledge of the greater
Austin Metro area.
We live by the philosophy of gain more, net more because we are
committed to delivering more to our clients. We understand that buying or selling a home is
more than a transaction. It's a life-changing experience, and Total Realty Texas will be
with you every step of the way.
Our website always provides access to all available
MLS listings, regardless of who the listing agent or brokerage may be. Listings are updated
frequently throughout the day, delivering accurate information when you need it.
If
you'd like to stay ahead of the market and begin your customized home search with our team,
click here to sign up.
If you're curious about what your home may be worth, click
here to request a free market evaluation of your property. No strings attached, just
helpful information for you and your family.
Whether you're looking to buy, sell,
invest or lease in the greater Austin Metro, Total Realty Texas is ready to go to work for
you. Contact us today to get started!


SKY UX test harnesses are built upon Angular CDK component harnesses. For more information see the Angular CDK component harness documentation.


Power Board |
|
|---|---|
| Battery 1 Voltage |
V |
| Battery 2 Voltage |
V |
| Motor Currents |
A |
| System Current |
A |
| Internal Pressure |
PSI |
| External Pressure |
PSI |
| Temperature Ambient |
℃ |
| Relative Humidity |
% |
Nav Request |
|
|---|---|
| Depth |
m |
| Yaw Rate |
°⁄m |
| Forward Velocity |
m⁄s |
| Sideways Velocity |
m⁄s |
Control Lockout |
|
|---|---|
| Keypress Enable | |
| Controller Enable |
Power Board |
|
|---|---|
| Motor Controller Power | |
| Bridge Batteries | |
| External 5V Power | |
| External 9V and 12V Power |
IMU |
|---|
Depth Sensor |
|---|
| Calibrate Depth Sensor | Offset |
|---|---|
| ATM |


Wave 5
A work-in-progress library of responsive music simulations for children with hearing impairments or on the autism/ADHD spectrum.
This is an interactive simulation of birds flocking. Click + drag to create birds that would flock together to the tempo and volume of the music. This encourages a study of the calming effects of nature-based and interactive animations.


Loading flows ...
2" class="steps-count">{{flow.steps.length - 2}}
error
draft
{{flow.name}}
You don't have any flows yet.


How many serialization policies does a GWT app have?
The worst case is quite large:
permutations = supported browsers * locales
policies = permutations * GWT-RPC services
However, normally GWT-RPC services don't use any types that are specific to a browser or locale. In that case, each permutation should generate an identical serialization policy for a given service and so there's one policy per service.
If for any reason the serialization policies turn out to be different for each permutation, this can cause server-side memory usage to blow up due to the large number of policies. It's a good idea to write a test on the output of the GWT compiler to make sure this doesn't happen.


Join the Seattle Sports Tech Meetup for our 2nd annual Hackathon at Galvanize Seattle hosted by the Seattle Sounders FC with data provided by Sportradar. We’re seeking teams and individuals who have a desire to contribute to the integration of technology with sports. We've confirmed that 1st place for the event will be a $20,000 API package from Sportradar! Other notable prizes include 4 tickets to an upcoming Seattle Storm home game and 4 tickets to an upcoming Seattle Sounders FC home match.
Our judges have been confirmed: Alyse LaHue, Seattle Storm, Grant Farwell, Matcherino and Anna Gordon, Seattle University. We'll finish the event with a watch party during the Sounders FC match vs. Portland Timbers. Sportradar will be providing open access to their API for participating teams, and the Sounders will be hosting live events at the Ninety. Come participate in building the future of sports technology with the Seattle Sports Tech Meetup. Make friends, write code, and you might just create the next big thing.
A hackathon (also known as a hack day, hackfest or codefest) is an event in which computer programmers and others involved in software development, including graphic designers, interface designers and project managers, collaborate intensively on software projects.[1] Occasionally, there is a hardware component as well. Hackathons typically last between a day and a week. Some hackathons are intended simply for educational or social purposes, although in many cases the goal is to create usable software. Hackathons tend to have a specific focus, which can include the programming language used, the operating system, an application, an API, or the subject and the demographic group of the programmers. In other cases, there is no restriction on the type of software being created.
A group of sports fans, entrepreneurs, scientists, developers, engineers, etc., who are meeting to examine
and learn about the intersection of sports and technology in the Seattle area.
Visit Seattle Sports Tech Meetup !
Saturday8:00am: [Ninety] Registration Opens + Light Breakfast 9:00am: [Ninety] Intro/Sponsors by the Organizers 10:00am: [Ninety] Pitches Begin - 60 seconds per pitch 10:30am: Team Formation and Space Assignment - Limit 4 per team 11:00am: [Ninety>>>Galvanize] Participants begin begin work 1:00pm: [Galvanize] Lunch 4:00-6:00pm: [Galvanize] Mentor Session Required for all teams 6:00pm: [Ninety] Dinner & drinks 7:10pm: [Galvanize] Streaming: Mariners vs Astros 10:00pm: [Galvanize] Doors Close |
Sunday9am: [Galvanize] Doors open for Breakfast (grab-n-go), Resume work 11:00am-1:00pm: [Galvanize] Coaching / Mentorship / Demos available 1:00pm: [Galvanize] Lunch (Grab-n-go) 1:00pm-5:00pm: [Galvanize] Presentation Coaching / Walkthroughs 1:10pm: [Galvanize] Streaming: Mariners vs Astros 3:00pm-5:00pm: [Ninety] TechCheck mandatory for all teams 5:00pm: [Galvanize] Galvanize closed. Deadline to submit deck (Google Slide), stop working 5:00pm: [Ninety] Dinner 6:00pm: [Ninety] Presentations Start - 3/3 Demos (3 minutes, 3 questions) 7:00 pm: [Ninety] Live Broadcast Coverage Begins: Sounders @ Timbers 7pm: [Ninety] Winners Announced - Best overall = $20,000, Best Product = Best UX, Best Value Prop = Best Business Opportunity 7:30 pm: [Ninety] Viewing Party: Sounders @ Timbers |


Woman poisons children; ends life
by Special CorrespondentNAGERCOIL
A woman, who administered poison to her two children and consumed it six days ago, died in the hospital on Monday.
Police said van driver Praveen Raju of Aruguvilai under Vadaseri police station limits had a quarrel with his wife Mini, 27, under the influence of alcohol on November 19. Mini gave poison to Rabisha, 5, and Richard, 4, and consumed it on the same day.
As the mother and the children swooned, the neighbours rushed them to the Government Medical College Hospital at Aasaaripallam. While the children are reportedly stable, Mini died.
Vadaseri police are investigating.
Those in distress or having suicidal tendencies could seek help and counselling by calling State’s health helpline 104 or Chennai-based Sneha’s suicide prevention helpline<PHONE_NUMBER>0.


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@Caglio yes I absolutely don t say you re wrong about ltc. more history etc... but that was... like first era : old dinausors fighti'g each other, then we saw the crazy start of everything. now the space is not like X years ago. No matter if LTC is historically here, if some coin gain use over huge platforms it can just change the market. yet to see.


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PSR-1
PSR-2
<?php
and <?=
tags.
PSR-0, PSR-4
].
StudlyCaps
.
camelCase
.
// side effect: change ini settings
ini_set('error_reporting', E_ALL);
// side effect: loads a file
include "file.php";
// side effect: generates output
echo "\n";
// declaration
function foo()
{
// function body
}
// declaration
function foo()
{
// function body
}
// conditional declaration is *not* a side effect
if (! function_exists('bar')) {
function bar()
{
// function body
}
}
PSR-0, PSR-4
].
StudlyCaps
.
// PHP 5.3 and later:
namespace Vendor\Model;
class Foo
{
}
namespace Vendor\Model;
class Foo
{
const VERSION = '1.0';
const DATE_APPROVED = '2012-06-01';
}
$StudlyCaps
,
$camelCase
, or
$under_score
property names.
However, the overall best-practice, as adoptet by
all our applications, is
$camelCase
.
camelCase()
.
PSR-2 extends and expands on PSR-1, the basic coding standard.
The intent is to reduce cognitive friction when scanning code from different authors. It does so by enumerating a shared set of rules and expectations about how to format PHP code.
When various authors collaborate across multiple projects, it helps to have one set of guidelines to be used among all those projects. The benefit is not in the rules themselves, but in the sharing of those rules.
PSR-1
].
namespace
declaration, and there MUST be one blank line
after the block of use
declarations.
abstract
and final
MUST be declared before the visibility; static
MUST be declared after the visibility.
<?php
namespace Vendor\Package;
use FooInterface;
use BarClass as Bar;
use OtherVendor\OtherPackage\BazClass;
class Foo extends Bar implements FooInterface
{
public function sampleMethod($a, $b = null)
{
if ($a === $b) {
bar();
} elseif ($a > $b) {
$foo->bar($arg1);
} else {
BazClass::bar($arg2, $arg3);
}
}
final public static function bar()
{
// method body
}
}
PSR-1
.
All PHP files MUST use the Unix LF (linefeed) line
ending.
All PHP files MUST end with a
single blank line.
The closing
?>
tag MUST be omitted from files containing only PHP.
true
,
false
, and null
MUST be in
lower case.
<?php
namespace Vendor\Package;
use FooClass;
use BarClass as Bar;
use OtherVendor\OtherPackage\BazClass;
// ... additional PHP code ...
The opening brace for the class MUST go on its own line; the closing brace for the class MUST go on the next line after the body.
<?php
namespace Vendor\Package;
use FooClass;
use BarClass as Bar;
use OtherVendor\OtherPackage\BazClass;
class ClassName extends ParentClass implements \ArrayAccess, \Countable
{
// constants, properties, methods
}
<?php
namespace Vendor\Package;
use FooClass;
use BarClass as Bar;
use OtherVendor\OtherPackage\BazClass;
class ClassName extends ParentClass implements
\ArrayAccess,
\Countable,
\Serializable
{
// constants, properties, methods
}
Visibility MUST be declared on all properties.
The var keyword MUST NOT be used to declare a property.
There MUST NOT be more than one property declared per statement.
Property names SHOULD NOT be prefixed with a single underscore to indicate protected or private visibility.
<?php
namespace Vendor\Package;
class ClassName
{
public $foo = null;
}
Visibility MUST be declared on all methods.
Method names SHOULD NOT be prefixed with a single underscore to indicate protected or private visibility.
Method names MUST NOT be declared with a space after the method name.
The opening brace MUST go on its own line, and the closing brace MUST go on the next line following the body.
There MUST NOT be a space after the opening parenthesis, and there MUST NOT be a space before the closing parenthesis.
<?php
namespace Vendor\Package;
class ClassName
{
public function fooBarBaz($arg1, &$arg2, $arg3 = [])
{
// method body
}
}
In the argument list, there MUST NOT be a space before each comma, and there MUST be one space after each comma.
Method arguments with default values MUST go at the end of the argument list.
<?php
namespace Vendor\Package;
class ClassName
{
public function foo($arg1, &$arg2, $arg3 = [])
{
// method body
}
}
Argument lists MAY be split across multiple lines, where each subsequent line is indented once. When doing so, the first item in the list MUST be on the next line, and there MUST be only one argument per line.
When the argument list is split across multiple lines, the closing parenthesis and opening brace MUST be placed together on their own line with one space between them.
<?php
namespace Vendor\Package;
class ClassName
{
public function aVeryLongMethodName(
ClassTypeHint $arg1,
&$arg2,
array $arg3 = []
) {
// method body
}
}
abstract
and final
declarations MUST precede the visibility declaration.
<?php
namespace Vendor\Package;
abstract class ClassName
{
protected static $foo;
abstract protected function zim();
final public static function bar()
{
// method body
}
}


HONOR collaborating with Stoned and Co to bring you exclusive HONOR 9X merchandise
HONOR has officially announced that they will be collaborating with Stoned and Co to bring you limited edition HONOR 9X merchandise. Having previously worked with other high fashion labels, HONOR mentioned that the aforementioned “function fashion” merchandise will be available during the launch of the HONOR 9X which is happening on 21 November 2019.
With all that said, would you be interested in getting the HONOR 9X if it was bundled with the limited edition merchandise? Let us know on our Facebook page, and stay tuned to TechNave.com for our full coverage of the launch.


Hello welcome to Chomp! Here you will be connecting with people and discovering different restaurants to create a large database of restaurants and bars for others to vist.
Be the first to Pioneer a restaurant or bar, a deal, happy hour to gain more Plates.


| NAME | IS HUMAN | SUPERPOWER | INTELLIGENCE | STRENGTH | SPEED |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Batman | TRUE | Peak Human Condition | 100 | 30 | 25 |
| Captain America | Artificially Enhanced Physiology | 90 | 35 | 45 | |
| Daredevil | Superhuman Senses | 90 | 15 | 35 | |
| Green Lantern | Bright Green Energy Conduit | 80 | 100 | 100 | |
| Hulk | Superhuman Strength | 60 | 100 | 85 | |
| Iron Man | Direct Cybernetic Interface | 100 | 85 | 70 | |
| Spider-Man | Animal Oriented Powers | 95 | 55 | 65 | |
| Superman | FALSE | Kryptonian Physiology | 95 | 100 | 100 |
| The Flash | TRUE | Speed Force Conduit | 95 | 50 | 100 |
| Thor | FALSE | Asgardian/Elder God Hybrid Physiology | 80 | 100 | 100 |
| Wolverine | Unbreakable Skeleton | 80 | 40 | 40 | |
| Wonder Woman | Divine Empowerment | 90 | 100 | 100 | |
| < superherodb.com > |


Open the console window, and then click buttons to add or remove event listeners, or to explicitly fire events.