Notes:
- There’s a “sweet spot” for an RBF SVM:
- 500-10k samples
- 300–10k features
- all features are expected to have similar information content / scale
Introduction
-
- Why another SVM? (i.e. The Problem)
- The Hard-Margin SVM faces a few issues:
- The Hard-Margin SVM fails if the data is not linearly separable.
- The Hard-Margin SVM is quite sensetive to outliers
- The Soft-Margin SVM aims to fix/reconcile these problems.
-
- The solution:
- Allow some points to violate the margin, by introducing slack variables.
The Soft-Margin SVM
-
Procedure:
(1) Use a linear classifier
(2) But, Maximize the Margin
(3) Do so by Minimizing \(\|w\|\)
(4) But allow some points to penetrate the margin - Modified Constraints:
$$y_i(wX_i + b) \geq 1 - \zeta_i, \forall i \in [1,n]$$
where the \(\zeta_i\)s are slack variables.
We, also, enforce the non-negativity constraint on the slack variables:$$\zeta_i \geq 0, \:\:\: \forall i \in [1, n]$$
The non-negativity constraint forces the slack variables to be zero for all points that do not violate the original constraint:
i.e. are not inside the slab.
-
- Modified Objective (cost) Function:
- \[R(w) = \dfrac{1}{2} w^Tw + C \sum_{i=1}^n \zeta_i\]
- The Optimization Problem:
Find weights ‘\(w\)’, scalar ‘\(b\)’, and \(\zeta_i\)s that minimize$$ \dfrac{1}{2} w^Tw + C \sum_{i=1}^n \zeta_i$$
Subject to
$$y_i(wX_i + b) \geq 1 - \zeta_i, \zeta_i \geq 0, \forall i \in [1,n]$$
Formally,
$$\min_w \dfrac{1}{2}w^Tw \:\:\: : \:\: y_i(wX_i + b) \geq 1 - \zeta_i, \zeta_i \geq 0, \forall i \in [1,n]$$
-
- Optimization Methods:
- The SVM optimization problem reduces to a Quadratic Program in \(d + n + 1\)-dimensions and \(2n\)-constraints.
-
- Effects of the Regularization Hyperparameter (\(C\)):
-
Small C Large C Desire Maximizing Margin = \(\dfrac{1}{|w|}\) keep most slack variables zero or small Danger underfitting (High Misclassification) overfitting (awesome training, awful test) outliers less sensitive very sensitive boundary more “flat” more sinuous -
The last row only applies to nonlinear decision boundaries.
-
- We choose ‘\(C\)’ with cross-validation.
An Equivalent Formulation
-
- Introduction:
- In the current SVM model, we are optimizing the objective \(R(w) = \dfrac{1}{2} w^Tw + C \sum_{i=1}^n \zeta_i\), which looks like an \(l_2\) regularization on the weights and an \(l_1\) regularization on the slack variables.
- However, usually in function estimation we prefer the standard-form objective to minimize (and trade-off); the loss + penalty form.
-
- Modified Loss Function:
- We introduce a loss function to moderate the use of the slack variables (i.e. to avoid abusing the slack variables).
- But first we motivate it by comparing it to the traditional \(0-1\) Loss function.
Notice that the \(0-1\) loss is actually non-convex. It has an infinite slope at \(0\).
On the other hand, the hinge loss is actually convex. - The hinge loss:
- \[{\displaystyle \max \left(0, 1-y_{i}({\vec {w}}\cdot {\vec {x}}_{i}-b)\right).}\]
- This function is zero if the constraint, \(y_{i}({\vec {w}}\cdot {\vec {x}}_{i}-b)\geq 1\), is satisfied, in other words, if \({\displaystyle {\vec {x}}_{i}} {\vec {x}} _ {i}\) lies on the correct side of the margin.
For data on the wrong side of the margin, the function’s value is proportional to the distance from the margin. - All of the above suggests that this loss function is ideal for binary classification as it doesn’t penalize correct classification at all.
which is something we are seeking for classification as opposed to regression.
-
- Modified Objective Function:
- \[R(w) = \dfrac{\lambda}{2} w^Tw + \sum_{i=1}^n {\displaystyle \max \left(0, 1-y _ {i}({\vec {w}}\cdot {\vec {x}} _ {i}-b)\right)}\]
-
- Proof of Equivalence:
- Here we show that the two objectives to optimize for the SVM are actually equivalent.
- \[\begin{align} y_if\left(x_i\right) & \ \geq 1-\zeta_i, & \text{from 1st constraint } \\ \implies \zeta_i & \ \geq 1-y_if\left(x_i\right) \\ \zeta_i & \ \geq 1-y_if\left(x_i\right) \geq 0, & \text{from 2nd positivity constraint on} \zeta_i \\ \iff \zeta_i & \ \geq \max \{0, 1-y_if\left(x_i\right)\} \\ \zeta_i & \ = \max \{0, 1-y_if\left(x_i\right)\}, & \text{minimizing means } \zeta_i \text{reach lower bound}\\ \implies R(w) & \ = \dfrac{\lambda}{2} w^Tw + \sum_{i=1}^n {\displaystyle \max \left(0, 1-y _ {i}({\vec {w}}\cdot {\vec {x}} _ {i}-b)\right)}, & \text{plugging in and multplying } \lambda = \dfrac{1}{C} \end{align}\]
-
- The Optimization Problem:
- Find weights ‘\(w\)’ and scalar ‘\(b\)’ that minimize
- \[\dfrac{\lambda}{2} w^Tw + \sum_{i=1}^n {\displaystyle \max \left(0, 1-y _ {i}({\vec {w}}\cdot {\vec {x}} _ {i}-b)\right)}\]
- Subject to
- \[y_i(wX_i + b) \geq 1 - \zeta_i, \zeta_i \geq 0, \forall i \in [1,n]\]
- Formally,
- \[\min_{w, b}\dfrac{\lambda}{2} w^Tw + \sum_{i=1}^n {\displaystyle \max \left(0, 1-y _ {i}({\vec {w}}\cdot {\vec {x}} _ {i}-b)\right)}, \:\: \forall i \in [1,n]\]
Further Analysis
-
- Generalization:
- We notice that, geometrically, the hyperplane (the maximum margin classifier) is completely characterized by the support vectors (the vectors that lie on the margin).
- A very important conclusion arises.
The maximum margin classifier (SVM) depends only on the number of support vectors and not on the dimension of the problem.
This implies that the computation doesn’t scale up with the dimension and, also implies, that the kernel trick works very well.
-
- Properties:
-
- In addition to performing linear classification, SVMs can efficiently perform a non-linear classification using what is called the kernel trick, implicitly mapping their inputs into high-dimensional feature spaces.
- The hyperplane is determined solely by its support vectors.
- The SVM always converges on linearly separable data.
- The Soft-Margin SVM will converge on non-linearly separable data.
Extra info to be added:
Requiring the Margin to be bigger, puts a restriction on the growth function (i.e. the number of possible dichotomies). So, fewer VC dimension.
Why \(w\) is Orthogonal to the plane:
img
The number of non-zero paramters in a model correspond to the VC dimension
Normalizing \(w\),
Observations:
- Normalize \(w\):
The Hyperplane, \(\mathbf{w}^{\top} \mathbf{x}=0\) (which is, incidentally, the signal), defined by \(w\) is scale invariant to \(w\); since you can multiply \(w\) by any scalar and the equation of the plane will still hold. Thus, you can normalize it by dividing by a scalar.
So, we choose \(w\) (by normalizing/scaling it) such that the following equation holds for the variable \(\mathbf{x}_ n\):$$\left|\mathbf{w}^{\top} \mathbf{x}_ {n}\right|=1$$
Effect of the gamma hyperparam in RBF kernel: The gamma parameter in SVM tuning signifies the influence of points either near or far away from the hyperplane. For a low gamma, the model will be too constrained and include all points of the training dataset, without really capturing the shape. For a higher gamma, the model will capture the shape of the dataset well.
Bias = Underfit = low complexity (model) Variance = Overfit = high complexity
Regularization reduce overfitting = reduce variance = simplify model = increase bias
Increase C hparam in SVM = reduce underfitting


kareltherobot
Class UrRobot
java.lang.Object
java.util.Observable
kareltherobot.UrRobot
- All Implemented Interfaces:
- Directions, java.lang.Runnable
- Direct Known Subclasses:
- Robot
- public class UrRobot
- extends java.util.Observable
- implements Directions, java.lang.Runnable
The most basic kind of robot. All robot classes must extend this one either directly or
indirectly. Provides the five basic robot actions.
Also provides for a message passing protocol between robots similar to CSP.
| Methods inherited from class java.util.Observable |
addObserver, countObservers, deleteObserver, deleteObservers, hasChanged, notifyObservers, notifyObservers |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
equals, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait |
UrRobot
public UrRobot(int street,
int avenue,
Directions.Direction direction,
int beepers,
java.awt.Color badgeColor)
UrRobot
public UrRobot(int street,
int avenue,
Directions.Direction direction,
int beepers)
turnLeft
public void turnLeft()
move
public void move()
pickBeeper
public void pickBeeper()
putBeeper
public void putBeeper()
turnOff
public void turnOff()
neighbors
public java.util.Enumeration neighbors()
- Return an enumeration over all the other robots on the same corner as this robot
getNextCommunication
public java.lang.String getNextCommunication()
waitForCommunication
public java.lang.String waitForCommunication()
waitForNextCommunication
public java.lang.String waitForNextCommunication()
connectTo
public java.io.BufferedWriter connectTo(UrRobot other,
UrRobot.ConnectStrategy strat)
throws java.io.IOException
- Throws:
java.io.IOException
acceptConnectionFrom
public void acceptConnectionFrom(UrRobot sender,
java.io.PipedOutputStream s,
UrRobot.ConnectStrategy strat)
throws java.io.IOException
- Throws:
java.io.IOException
acceptConnection
public void acceptConnection(java.io.PipedOutputStream s,
UrRobot.ConnectStrategy strat)
throws java.io.IOException
- Throws:
java.io.IOException
send
public void send(java.io.BufferedWriter other,
java.lang.String s)
throws java.io.IOException
- Throws:
java.io.IOException
run
public void run()
- Robots are Runnable. The default method here does nothing.
Implement this to run in a thread.
- Specified by:
run
in interface java.lang.Runnable
- See Also:
Runnable.run()
userPause
public void userPause(java.lang.String message)
- Pause the robot and wait for the user to resume it with a return.
- Parameters:
message
- the tail of the message to be printed when the robot halts.
setPause
public final void setPause(boolean pausing)
- Turn primitive pausing on or off. When on the robot will halt before executing any primitive instruction
(all classes)
or evaluating any primitive predicate (Robot class and its subclasses only).
- Parameters:
pausing
- true to turn pausing on.
setUserPause
public final void setUserPause(boolean pausing)
- Turn user level pausing on or off. When on the robot will halt whenever it executes a userPause
instruction.
- Parameters:
pausing
- true to turn pausing on.
toString
public final java.lang.String toString()
showState
public final void showState(java.lang.String s)
isVisible
public final boolean isVisible()
setVisible
public final void setVisible(boolean visible)


In a recent class on Typesetting we were assigned a task to typeset an entire book, preferably an Open Book, using your favorite typesetting Program in a few days time. Typesetting is not easy especially when you do it in LaTeX and with the skill going rusty it was a hot pot of dilemmas that I think should not be a part of this post at all.
The book I choose was in ePub format and desperately needed to be converted to latex files so I can typeset them in overleaf or sharelatex or texworks as a matter of fact. I have moved in the favour of these online compilers as I no longer have to fiddle with searching the included .sty
that are so robotic to seek and use. I really wish there was some kind of package manager for latex too. Like pip for python.
I Wish !
ePubs are essentially a zipped archive of .html
files following a specific numbering scheme or format. So the task was essentially to convert the .html
to .tex
. I did try a few things with python trying the beautiful soup
things. It did not taste well. I had to search other things.
I had heard of pandoc while I was writing my thesis few years back too but it felt to complex that time but now it was a necessity I just can’t ignore. Its interesting how the perceived complexity of a act changes with necessity. Pandoc is the Swiss army knife when handling documents. It can do anything. It took me a while to figure out it was a CLI tool. ( It happens )
It could translate the html page almost perfectly to be used in overleaf. Only some italics were not getting done properly for which I used sed
and compiled it all in a shell script to iterate over the entire folder and in a blink I had a directory full of tex files ready for the next stage.
The work was only 10% done as a lot of widows needed new husbands and orphans needed parents, I hope you get what I mean !
Just in case you too are a fan of LaTeX , the code I used and wrote is here.
Long Live LaTeX !
Cheers,
Rohit


| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| BallCancelableEvent |
Created by Shynixn 2018.
|
| BallDeathEvent |
Created by Shynixn 2018.
|
| BallEvent |
Created by Shynixn 2018.
|
| BallGrabEvent |
Created by Shynixn 2018.
|
| BallInteractEvent |
Created by Shynixn 2018.
|
| BallKickEvent |
Created by Shynixn 2018.
|
| BallPostMoveEvent |
Created by Shynixn 2018.
|
| BallPreMoveEvent |
Created by Shynixn 2018.
|
| BallSpawnEvent |
Created by Shynixn 2018.
|
| BallSpinEvent |
Created by Shynixn 2018.
|
| BallThrowEvent |
Created by Shynixn 2018.
|
| BallWallCollideEvent |
Created by Shynixn 2018.
|
| BlockBallEvent |
Base BlockBall event where all BlockBall events inherit from.
|
| GameCancelableEvent |
Extension of the
class GameEvent for cancellable events. |
| GameEndEvent |
class GameEvent which gets called when a game ends. |
| GameEvent |
All
class BlockBallEvent related to interface Game . |
| GameGoalEvent |
class GameCancelableEvent when someone scores a goal. |
| GameJoinEvent |
class GameCancelableEvent when a player joins a game. |
| GameLeaveEvent |
class GameCancelableEvent when a player leaves a game. |


- searchingQuery(String) - Method in class dataComponent.MethodComponent
-
- searchingQuery(String) - Method in class dataComponent.StringComponent
-
- searchInstruction(String, long) - Method in class com.unh.unhcfreg.RapidAndroidParser
-
Search an instructions by matching the opcode and the operand.
- searchInstruction(Instruction[]) - Method in class com.unh.unhcfreg.RapidAndroidParser
-
Search instructions of a DEX file in case they can match any one in an instruction list.
- searchInsWithOpc(String) - Method in class com.unh.unhcfreg.RapidAndroidParser
-
Search an instructions with same opcode
- searchInsWithString(String) - Method in class com.unh.unhcfreg.RapidAndroidParser
-
Search instructions where a certain string is assigned
- searchInsWithString(StringElement) - Method in class com.unh.unhcfreg.RapidAndroidParser
-
Search instructions by a stringElement.
- searchMethod(MethodElement) - Method in class com.unh.unhcfreg.RapidAndroidParser
-
Search method(s) in DEX file with the same fields that are not Null in the target method.
- searchString(String) - Method in class com.unh.unhcfreg.RapidAndroidParser
-
Search a string in DEX file.
- searchStringContaines(String) - Method in class com.unh.unhcfreg.RapidAndroidParser
-
Search string(s) in DEX file that contains the input string.
- setApkDir(String) - Method in class com.unh.unhcfreg.RapidAndroidParser
-
Customizing the directory for storing the APK files or DEX files.
- setApkDir(String, String) - Method in class systemComponent.ZipDecompressor
-
setting the full path for either storing APK files and
the directory of storing the unzipped DEX file if its necessary for the users
- setQuery(QueryBlock) - Method in class com.unh.unhcfreg.RapidAndroidParser
-
A 'call back' method where RAPID can receive the APIs.
- setSingleApk(String) - Method in class com.unh.unhcfreg.RapidAndroidParser
-
Indicate a SINGLE APK or DEX file expected as the target sample file.
- setUnzippedFileDir(String) - Method in class com.unh.unhcfreg.RapidAndroidParser
-
If it is necessary for the user to create another directory to temporarily store the
DEX file while it is processed, this method can help setting the directory
- ss - Variable in class systemComponent.StringComponentBuilder
-
creating an String Component
- ssb - Variable in class systemComponent.MethodComponentBuilder
-
creating a StringComponentBuilder for using strings stored in String Component
- startAddress - Variable in class dataComponent.CodeBlock
-
the offset for the start of a code block in DEX file
- staticBackTrace(String, int) - Method in class dataComponent.Instruction
-
- StringComponent - Class in dataComponent
-
The component contains a list of String Elements
- StringComponent() - Constructor for class dataComponent.StringComponent
-
- StringComponentBuilder - Class in systemComponent
-
String Component construction
- StringComponentBuilder(MappedByteBuffer) - Constructor for class systemComponent.StringComponentBuilder
-
A construction method that calls the method in father class 'MethodComponent',
which let String Component finding the DEX file in memory
- stringContent - Variable in class dataComponent.StringElement
-
ASCII form of a string's content
- StringElement - Class in dataComponent
-
- StringElement() - Constructor for class dataComponent.StringElement
-
- stringElementList - Variable in class dataComponent.StringComponent
-
- stringId - Variable in class dataComponent.StringElement
-
index of a string in string component generated by RAPID
- stringLength - Variable in class dataComponent.StringElement
-
length of a string in DEX file
- sun.misc - package sun.misc
-
- systemComponent - package systemComponent
-


Woolsey Fire: Its path of destruction and road to recovery
by Marc BrownThe Woolsey Fire destroyed more than 1,000 structures and scorched nearly 100,000 acres as it ravaged areas of Los Angeles and Ventura counties last November.
In the aftermath of the blaze, AIR7 HD was able to take a closer look at neighborhoods affected by the destructive fire right after the smoke cleared.
On the one year anniversary, AIR7 HD returned to those same neighborhoods to show signs of progress and what remains to be done.
Many of those hard-hit neighborhoods are still recovering one year later.


G. Simons, 28 Sep 2002
Start with teifs2.dtd and try to convert it to a clean DTD in XML Spy. What does it take?
| Error | Fix |
|---|---|
| Entity 'n.fs' is undefined. | Include teigis2.ent |
| Entity 'om.RR' is undefined. | Include teikey2.ent. Set TEI.fs and TEI.XML to 'INCLUDE'. |
| Entity 'a.global' is undefined. | Include teiclas2.ent. |
| Element 'alt' is undefined. (It is in content model of <f>.) | Include teilink2.ent. Copy the definition of <alt> from teilink2.dtd. (Including the whole DTD includes a host of elements not used in the FS model which in turn need to pull in other DTD files.) |
| On <alt>, attributes mode and wScale need implied, required, or default value | Set to #IMPLIED. |
The make a plain DTD for FSD:
%paraContent is used by fsDesscr and fDescr.


New rules on gift voucher expiry dates come into effect from Monday
by Stephen McNeiceBusinesses will be banned from putting an expiry date of less than five years on gift vouchers from Monday.
New rules are coming into effect which will also mean shops cannot insist a voucher is spent in one transaction.
The cancellation of gift vouchers, or the imposition of charges if a recipient's name is registered incorrectly, will also be banned.
Ireland is the first European country to bring in legislation that protects consumers when it comes to using gift cards.
Business Minister Heather Humphreys explained that some airline companies used to have particular rules around the names on vouchers - but that will be addressed under the new rules.
She said: "If you got a gift voucher and the name on it was 'Liz', but your passport had Elizabeth on it... they wouldn't accept it. They'd say you'd have to pay a big fee to change it.
"That's wrong. Whoever bought the gift voucher paid cash for it, and they're entitled to get the full value for it."
Minister Humphreys said the legislation couldn't tackle 'maintenance fees' - referring to vouchers (such as One4All cards) without an expiry date, but where the provider charges a fee if the vouchers aren't used after a certain amount of time (e.g. a year).
She noted: "I wasn't able to change that legislation, as I can't pass something in Ireland that contravenes EU legislation.
"What I was able to do was write to the [European] Commissioner, and he has given me a commitment that they will look at that in any further review of the Electronic Money Directive legislation."


{{ app_name }}
Air application is starting...
Time:
Record Number
Distance
Temperature 1
Temperature 2
Dust
CO
CO2
CO status
Movement
0°C


Search for GBIF occurrences
occ_search(taxonKey = NULL, scientificName = NULL, country = NULL, publishingCountry = NULL, hasCoordinate = NULL, typeStatus = NULL, recordNumber = NULL, lastInterpreted = NULL, continent = NULL, geometry = NULL, geom_big = "asis", geom_size = 40, geom_n = 10, recordedBy = NULL, basisOfRecord = NULL, datasetKey = NULL, eventDate = NULL, catalogNumber = NULL, year = NULL, month = NULL, decimalLatitude = NULL, decimalLongitude = NULL, elevation = NULL, depth = NULL, institutionCode = NULL, collectionCode = NULL, hasGeospatialIssue = NULL, issue = NULL, search = NULL, mediaType = NULL, subgenusKey = NULL, repatriated = NULL, phylumKey = NULL, kingdomKey = NULL, classKey = NULL, orderKey = NULL, familyKey = NULL, genusKey = NULL, establishmentMeans = NULL, protocol = NULL, license = NULL, organismId = NULL, publishingOrg = NULL, stateProvince = NULL, waterBody = NULL, locality = NULL, limit = 500, start = 0, fields = "all", return = "all", spellCheck = NULL, facet = NULL, facetMincount = NULL, facetMultiselect = NULL, skip_validate = TRUE, curlopts = list(), ...)
| taxonKey | (numeric) A taxon key from the GBIF backbone. All included and synonym taxa are included in the search, so a search for aves with taxononKey=212 (i.e. /occurrence/search?taxonKey=212) will match all birds, no matter which species. You can pass many keys by passing occ_search in a call to an lapply-family function (see last example below). |
|---|---|
| scientificName | A scientific name from the GBIF backbone. All included and synonym taxa are included in the search. |
| country | The 2-letter country code (as per ISO-3166-1) of the country in which the occurrence was recorded. See here http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2 |
| publishingCountry | The 2-letter country code (as per ISO-3166-1) of the country in which the occurrence was recorded. |
| hasCoordinate | (logical) Return only occurence records with lat/long data ( |
| typeStatus | Type status of the specimen. One of many options. See |
| recordNumber | Number recorded by collector of the data, different from GBIF record number. See http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/#recordNumber for more info |
| lastInterpreted | Date the record was last modified in GBIF, in ISO 8601 format: yyyy, yyyy-MM, yyyy-MM-dd, or MM-dd. Supports range queries, smaller,larger (e.g., '1990,1991', whereas '1991,1990' wouldn't work) |
| continent | Continent. One of africa, antarctica, asia, europe, north_america (North America includes the Caribbean and reachies down and includes Panama), oceania, or south_america |
| geometry | Searches for occurrences inside a polygon described in Well Known Text (WKT) format. A WKT shape written as either POINT, LINESTRING, LINEARRING POLYGON, or MULTIPOLYGON. Example of a polygon: POLYGON((30.1 10.1, 20, 20 40, 40 40, 30.1 10.1)) would be queried as http://bit.ly/1BzNwDq. See also the section WKT below. |
| geom_big | (character) One of "axe", "bbox", or "asis" (default). See Details. |
| geom_size | (integer) An integer indicating size of the cell. Default: 40. See Details. |
| geom_n | (integer) An integer indicating number of cells in each dimension. Default: 10. See Details. |
| recordedBy | The person who recorded the occurrence. |
| basisOfRecord | Basis of record, as defined in our BasisOfRecord enum here http://gbif.github.io/gbif-api/apidocs/org/gbif/api/vocabulary/BasisOfRecord.html Acceptable values are:
|
| datasetKey | The occurrence dataset key (a uuid) |
| eventDate | Occurrence date in ISO 8601 format: yyyy, yyyy-MM, yyyy-MM-dd, or MM-dd. Supports range queries, smaller,larger (e.g., '1990,1991', whereas '1991,1990' wouldn't work) |
| catalogNumber | An identifier of any form assigned by the source within a physical collection or digital dataset for the record which may not unique, but should be fairly unique in combination with the institution and collection code. |
| year | The 4 digit year. A year of 98 will be interpreted as AD 98. Supports range queries, smaller,larger (e.g., '1990,1991', whereas '1991,1990' wouldn't work) |
| month | The month of the year, starting with 1 for January. Supports range queries, smaller,larger (e.g., '1,2', whereas '2,1' wouldn't work) |
| decimalLatitude | Latitude in decimals between -90 and 90 based on WGS 84. Supports range queries, smaller,larger (e.g., '25,30', whereas '30,25' wouldn't work) |
| decimalLongitude | Longitude in decimals between -180 and 180 based on WGS 84. Supports range queries (e.g., '-0.4,-0.2', whereas '-0.2,-0.4' wouldn't work). |
| elevation | Elevation in meters above sea level. Supports range queries, smaller,larger (e.g., '5,30', whereas '30,5' wouldn't work) |
| depth | Depth in meters relative to elevation. For example 10 meters below a lake surface with given elevation. Supports range queries, smaller,larger (e.g., '5,30', whereas '30,5' wouldn't work) |
| institutionCode | An identifier of any form assigned by the source to identify the institution the record belongs to. Not guaranteed to be que. |
| collectionCode | An identifier of any form assigned by the source to identify the physical collection or digital dataset uniquely within the text of an institution. |
| hasGeospatialIssue | (logical) Includes/excludes occurrence records which contain spatial
issues (as determined in our record interpretation), i.e. |
| issue | (character) One or more of many possible issues with each occurrence record. See Details. Issues passed to this parameter filter results by the issue. |
| search | Query terms. The value for this parameter can be a simple word or a phrase. |
| mediaType | Media type. Default is NULL, so no filtering on mediatype. Options: NULL, 'MovingImage', 'Sound', and 'StillImage'. |
| subgenusKey | (numeric) Subgenus classification key. |
| repatriated | (character) Searches for records whose publishing country is different to the country where the record was recorded in. |
| phylumKey | (numeric) Phylum classification key. |
| kingdomKey | (numeric) Kingdom classification key. |
| classKey | (numeric) Class classification key. |
| orderKey | (numeric) Order classification key. |
| familyKey | (numeric) Family classification key. |
| genusKey | (numeric) Genus classification key. |
| establishmentMeans | (character) EstablishmentMeans, possible values include: INTRODUCED, INVASIVE, MANAGED, NATIVE, NATURALISED, UNCERTAIN |
| protocol | (character) Protocol or mechanism used to provide the occurrence record. See Details for possible values |
| license | (character) The type license applied to the dataset or record. Possible values: CC0_1_0, CC_BY_4_0, CC_BY_NC_4_0, UNSPECIFIED, and UNSUPPORTED |
| organismId | (numeric) An identifier for the Organism instance (as opposed to a particular digital record of the Organism). May be a globally unique identifier or an identifier specific to the data set. |
| publishingOrg | (character) The publishing organization key (a UUID). |
| stateProvince | (character) The name of the next smaller administrative region than country (state, province, canton, department, region, etc.) in which the Location occurs. |
| waterBody | (character) The name of the water body in which the locations occur |
| locality | (character) The specific description of the place. |
| limit | Number of records to return. Default: 500. Note that the per
request maximum is 300, but since we set it at 500 for the function, we
do two requests to get you the 500 records (if there are that many).
Note that there is a hard maximum of 200,000, which is calculated as the
|
| start | Record number to start at. Use in combination with limit to
page through results. Note that we do the paging internally for you, but
you can manually set the |
| fields | (character) Default ('all') returns all fields. 'minimal' returns just taxon name, key, latitude, and longitute. Or specify each field you want returned by name, e.g. fields = c('name','latitude','elevation'). |
| return | One of data, hier, meta, or all. If data, a data.frame with the data. hier returns the classifications in a list for each record. meta returns the metadata for the entire call. all gives all data back in a list. |
| spellCheck | (logical) If |
| facet | (character) a character vector of length 1 or greater. Required. |
| facetMincount | (numeric) minimum number of records to be included in the faceting results |
| facetMultiselect | (logical) Set to Faceting: All fields can be faceted on except for last "lastInterpreted", "eventDate", and "geometry" You can do facet searches alongside searching occurrence data, and return both, or only return facets, or only occurrence data, etc. |
| skip_validate | (logical) whether to skip |
| curlopts | list of named curl options passed on to
|
| ... | additional facet parameters |
An object of class gbif
, which is a S3 class list, with
slots for metadata (meta
), the occurrence data itself (data
),
the taxonomic hierarchy data (hier
), and media metadata
(media
).
In addition, the object has attributes listing the user supplied arguments
and whether it was a "single" or "many" search; that is, if you supply two
values of the datasetKey
parameter to searches are done, and it's a
"many". meta
is a list of length four with offset, limit,
endOfRecords and count fields. data
is a tibble (aka data.frame). hier
is a list of data.frame's of the unique set of taxa found, where each
data.frame is its taxonomic classification. media
is a list of media
objects, where each element holds a set of metadata about the media object.
If the return
parameter is set to something other than default you get
back just the meta
, data
, hier
, or media
.
http://www.gbif.org/developer/occurrence#search
# NOT RUN { # Search by species name, using \code{\link{name_backbone}} first to get key (key <- name_suggest(q='Helianthus annuus', rank='species')$key[1]) occ_search(taxonKey=key, limit=2) # Return 20 results, this is the default by the way occ_search(taxonKey=key, limit=20) # Return just metadata for the search occ_search(taxonKey=key, limit=0, return='meta') # Instead of getting a taxon key first, you can search for a name directly ## However, note that using this approach (with \code{scientificName="..."}) ## you are getting synonyms too. The results for using \code{scientifcName} and ## \code{taxonKey} parameters are the same in this case, but I wouldn't be surprised if for some ## names they return different results occ_search(scientificName = 'Ursus americanus') key <- name_backbone(name = 'Ursus americanus', rank='species')$usageKey occ_search(taxonKey = key) # Search by dataset key occ_search(datasetKey='7b5d6a48-f762-11e1-a439-00145eb45e9a', return='data', limit=20) # Search by catalog number occ_search(catalogNumber="49366", limit=20) ## separate requests: use a vector of strings occ_search(catalogNumber=c("49366","Bird.27847588"), limit=10) ## one request, many instances of same parameter: use semi-colon sep. string occ_search(catalogNumber="49366;Bird.27847588", limit=10) # Get all data, not just lat/long and name occ_search(taxonKey=key, fields='all', limit=20) # Or get specific fields. Note that this isn't done on GBIF's side of things. This # is done in R, but before you get the return object, so other fields are garbage # collected occ_search(taxonKey=key, fields=c('name','basisOfRecord','protocol'), limit=20) # Use paging parameters (limit and start) to page. Note the different results # for the two queries below. occ_search(datasetKey='7b5d6a48-f762-11e1-a439-00145eb45e9a',start=10,limit=5, return="data") occ_search(datasetKey='7b5d6a48-f762-11e1-a439-00145eb45e9a',start=20,limit=5, return="data") # Many dataset keys ## separate requests: use a vector of strings occ_search(datasetKey=c("50c9509d-22c7-4a22-a47d-8c48425ef4a7", "7b5d6a48-f762-11e1-a439-00145eb45e9a"), limit=20) ## one request, many instances of same parameter: use semi-colon sep. string v="50c9509d-22c7-4a22-a47d-8c48425ef4a7;7b5d6a48-f762-11e1-a439-00145eb45e9a" occ_search(datasetKey = v, limit=20) # Occurrence data: lat/long data, and associated metadata with occurrences ## If return='data' the output is a data.frame of all data together ## for easy manipulation occ_search(taxonKey=key, return='data', limit=20) # Taxonomic hierarchy data ## If return='meta' the output is a list of the hierarch for each record occ_search(taxonKey=key, return='hier', limit=10) # Search by recorder occ_search(recordedBy="smith", limit=20) # Many collector names occ_search(recordedBy=c("smith","BJ Stacey"), limit=20) # Pass in curl options for extra fun occ_search(taxonKey=2433407, limit=20, return='hier', curlopts=list(verbose=TRUE)) occ_search(taxonKey=2433407, limit=20, return='hier', curlopts = list( noprogress = FALSE, progressfunction = function(down, up) { cat(sprintf("up: %d | down %d\n", up, down)) return(TRUE) } ) ) # occ_search(taxonKey=2433407, limit=20, return='hier', # curlopts = list(timeout_ms = 1)) # Search for many species splist <- c('Cyanocitta stelleri', 'Junco hyemalis', 'Aix sponsa') keys <- sapply(splist, function(x) name_suggest(x)$key[1], USE.NAMES=FALSE) ## separate requests: use a vector of strings occ_search(taxonKey = keys, limit=5) ## one request, many instances of same parameter: use semi-colon sep. string occ_search(taxonKey = paste0(keys, collapse = ";"), limit=5) # Search using a synonym name # Note that you'll see a message printing out that the accepted name will be used occ_search(scientificName = 'Pulsatilla patens', fields = c('name','scientificName'), limit=5) # Search on latitidue and longitude occ_search(search="kingfisher", decimalLatitude=50, decimalLongitude=-10) # Search on a bounding box ## in well known text format ### polygon occ_search(geometry='POLYGON((30.1 10.1, 10 20, 20 40, 40 40, 30.1 10.1))', limit=20) ### multipolygon wkt <- 'MULTIPOLYGON(((-123 38, -123 43, -116 43, -116 38, -123 38)), ((-97 41, -97 45, -93 45, -93 41, -97 41)))' occ_search(geometry = gsub("\n\\s+", "", wkt), limit = 20) ## taxonKey + WKT key <- name_suggest(q='Aesculus hippocastanum')$key[1] occ_search(taxonKey=key, geometry='POLYGON((30.1 10.1, 10 20, 20 40, 40 40, 30.1 10.1))', limit=20) ## or using bounding box, converted to WKT internally occ_search(geometry=c(-125.0,38.4,-121.8,40.9), limit=20) # Search on a long WKT string - too long for a GBIF search API request ## We internally convert your WKT string to a bounding box ## then do the query ## then clip the results down to just those in the original polygon ## - Alternatively, you can set the parameter `geom_big="bbox"` ## - An additional alternative is to use the GBIF download API, see ?downloads wkt <- [2576 chars quoted with '"'] wkt <- gsub("\n", " ", wkt) #### Default option with large WKT string fails # res <- occ_search(geometry = wkt) #### if WKT too long, with 'geom_big=bbox': makes into bounding box res <- occ_search(geometry = wkt, geom_big = "bbox")$data library("rgeos") library("sp") wktsp <- readWKT(wkt) plot(wktsp) coordinates(res) <- ~decimalLongitude+decimalLatitude points(res) #### Or, use 'geom_big=axe' (res <- occ_search(geometry = wkt, geom_big = "axe")) ##### manipulate essentially number of polygons that result, so number of requests ###### default geom_size is 40 ###### fewer calls (res <- occ_search(geometry = wkt, geom_big = "axe", geom_size=50)) ###### more calls (res <- occ_search(geometry = wkt, geom_big = "axe", geom_size=30)) # Search on country occ_search(country='US', fields=c('name','country'), limit=20) isocodes[grep("France", isocodes$name),"code"] occ_search(country='FR', fields=c('name','country'), limit=20) occ_search(country='DE', fields=c('name','country'), limit=20) ### separate requests: use a vector of strings occ_search(country=c('US','DE'), limit=20) ### one request, many instances of same parameter: use semi-colon sep. string occ_search(country = 'US;DE', limit=20) # Get only occurrences with lat/long data occ_search(taxonKey=key, hasCoordinate=TRUE, limit=20) # Get only occurrences that were recorded as living specimens occ_search(taxonKey=key, basisOfRecord="LIVING_SPECIMEN", hasCoordinate=TRUE, limit=20) # Get occurrences for a particular eventDate occ_search(taxonKey=key, eventDate="2013", limit=20) occ_search(taxonKey=key, year="2013", limit=20) occ_search(taxonKey=key, month="6", limit=20) # Get occurrences based on depth key <- name_backbone(name='Salmo salar', kingdom='animals')$speciesKey occ_search(taxonKey=key, depth="5", limit=20) # Get occurrences based on elevation key <- name_backbone(name='Puma concolor', kingdom='animals')$speciesKey occ_search(taxonKey=key, elevation=50, hasCoordinate=TRUE, limit=20) # Get occurrences based on institutionCode occ_search(institutionCode="TLMF", limit=20) ### separate requests: use a vector of strings occ_search(institutionCode=c("TLMF","ArtDatabanken"), limit=20) ### one request, many instances of same parameter: use semi-colon sep. string occ_search(institutionCode = "TLMF;ArtDatabanken", limit=20) # Get occurrences based on collectionCode occ_search(collectionCode="Floristic Databases MV - Higher Plants", limit=20) occ_search(collectionCode=c("Floristic Databases MV - Higher Plants","Artport")) # Get only those occurrences with spatial issues occ_search(taxonKey=key, hasGeospatialIssue=TRUE, limit=20) # Search using a query string # occ_search(search = "kingfisher", limit=20) ## spell check - only works with the `search` parameter ### spelled correctly - same result as above call # occ_search(search = "kingfisher", limit=20, spellCheck = TRUE) ### spelled incorrectly - stops with suggested spelling # occ_search(search = "kajsdkla", limit=20, spellCheck = TRUE) ### spelled incorrectly - stops with many suggested spellings ### and number of results for each # occ_search(search = "helir", limit=20, spellCheck = TRUE) # search on repatriated - doesn't work right now # occ_search(repatriated = "") # search on phylumKey occ_search(phylumKey = 7707728, limit = 5) # search on kingdomKey occ_search(kingdomKey = 1, limit = 5) # search on classKey occ_search(classKey = 216, limit = 5) # search on orderKey occ_search(orderKey = 7192402, limit = 5) # search on familyKey occ_search(familyKey = 3925, limit = 5) # search on genusKey occ_search(genusKey = 1935496, limit = 5) # search on establishmentMeans occ_search(establishmentMeans = "INVASIVE", limit = 5) occ_search(establishmentMeans = "NATIVE", limit = 5) occ_search(establishmentMeans = "UNCERTAIN", limit = 5) # search on protocol occ_search(protocol = "DIGIR", limit = 5) # search on license occ_search(license = "CC_BY_4_0", limit = 5) # search on organismId occ_search(organismId = "100", limit = 5) # search on publishingOrg occ_search(publishingOrg = "28eb1a3f-1c15-4a95-931a-4af90ecb574d", limit = 5) # search on stateProvince occ_search(stateProvince = "California", limit = 5) # search on waterBody occ_search(waterBody = "AMAZONAS BASIN, RIO JURUA", limit = 5) # search on locality res <- occ_search(locality = c("Trondheim", "Hovekilen"), limit = 5) res$Trondheim$data res$Hovekilen$data # Range queries ## See Detail for parameters that support range queries occ_search(depth='50,100') # this is a range depth, with lower/upper limits in character string occ_search(depth=c(50,100)) # this is not a range search, but does two searches for each depth ## Range search with year occ_search(year='1999,2000', limit=20) ## Range search with latitude occ_search(decimalLatitude='29.59,29.6') # Search by specimen type status ## Look for possible values of the typeStatus parameter looking at the typestatus dataset occ_search(typeStatus = 'allotype', fields = c('name','typeStatus')) # Search by specimen record number ## This is the record number of the person/group that submitted the data, not GBIF's numbers ## You can see that many different groups have record number 1, so not super helpful occ_search(recordNumber = 1, fields = c('name','recordNumber','recordedBy')) # Search by last time interpreted: Date the record was last modified in GBIF ## The lastInterpreted parameter accepts ISO 8601 format dates, including ## yyyy, yyyy-MM, yyyy-MM-dd, or MM-dd. Range queries are accepted for lastInterpreted occ_search(lastInterpreted = '2014-04-02', fields = c('name','lastInterpreted')) # Search by continent ## One of africa, antarctica, asia, europe, north_america, oceania, or south_america occ_search(continent = 'south_america', return = 'meta') occ_search(continent = 'africa', return = 'meta') occ_search(continent = 'oceania', return = 'meta') occ_search(continent = 'antarctica', return = 'meta') # Search for occurrences with images occ_search(mediaType = 'StillImage', return='media') occ_search(mediaType = 'MovingImage', return='media') occ_search(mediaType = 'Sound', return='media') # Query based on issues - see Details for options ## one issue occ_search(taxonKey=1, issue='DEPTH_UNLIKELY', fields = c('name','key','decimalLatitude','decimalLongitude','depth')) ## two issues occ_search(taxonKey=1, issue=c('DEPTH_UNLIKELY','COORDINATE_ROUNDED')) # Show all records in the Arizona State Lichen Collection that cant be matched to the GBIF # backbone properly: occ_search(datasetKey='84c0e1a0-f762-11e1-a439-00145eb45e9a', issue=c('TAXON_MATCH_NONE','TAXON_MATCH_HIGHERRANK')) # Parsing output by issue (res <- occ_search(geometry='POLYGON((30.1 10.1, 10 20, 20 40, 40 40, 30.1 10.1))', limit = 50)) ## what do issues mean, can print whole table, or search for matches head(gbif_issues()) gbif_issues()[ gbif_issues()$code %in% c('cdround','cudc','gass84','txmathi'), ] ## or parse issues in various ways ### remove data rows with certain issue classes library('magrittr') res %>% occ_issues(gass84) ### split issues into separate columns res %>% occ_issues(mutate = "split") ### expand issues to more descriptive names res %>% occ_issues(mutate = "expand") ### split and expand res %>% occ_issues(mutate = "split_expand") ### split, expand, and remove an issue class res %>% occ_issues(-cudc, mutate = "split_expand") # If you try multiple values for two different parameters you are wacked on the hand # occ_search(taxonKey=c(2482598,2492010), recordedBy=c("smith","BJ Stacey")) # Get a lot of data, here 1500 records for Helianthus annuus # out <- occ_search(taxonKey=key, limit=1500, return="data") # nrow(out) # If you pass in an invalid polygon you get hopefully informative errors ### the WKT string is fine, but GBIF says bad polygon wkt <- 'POLYGON((-178.59375 64.83258989321493,-165.9375 59.24622380205539, -147.3046875 59.065977905449806,-130.78125 51.04484764446178,-125.859375 36.70806354647625, -112.1484375 23.367471303759686,-105.1171875 16.093320185359257,-86.8359375 9.23767076398516, -82.96875 2.9485268155066175,-82.6171875 -14.812060061226388,-74.8828125 -18.849111862023985, -77.34375 -47.661687803329166,-84.375 -49.975955187343295,174.7265625 -50.649460483096114, 179.296875 -42.19189902447192,-176.8359375 -35.634976650677295,176.8359375 -31.835565983656227,<PHONE_NUMBER> -6.528187613695323,152.578125 1.894796132058301,135.703125 4.702353722559447, 127.96875 15.077427674847987,127.96875 23.689804541429606,139.921875 32.06861069132688,<PHONE_NUMBER> 42.65416193033991,159.2578125 48.3160811030533,168.3984375 57.019804336633165,<PHONE_NUMBER> 59.95776046458139,-179.6484375 61.16708631440347,-178.59375 64.83258989321493))' # occ_search(geometry = gsub("\n", '', wkt)) ### unable to parse due to last number pair needing two numbers, not one # wkt <- 'POLYGON((-178.5 64.8,-165.9 59.2,-147.3 59.0,-130.7 51.0,-125.8))' # occ_search(geometry = wkt) ### unable to parse due to unclosed string # wkt <- 'POLYGON((-178.5 64.8,-165.9 59.2,-147.3 59.0,-130.7 51.0))' # occ_search(geometry = wkt) ### another of the same # wkt <- 'POLYGON((-178.5 64.8,-165.9 59.2,-147.3 59.0,-130.7 51.0,-125.8 36.7))' # occ_search(geometry = wkt) ### returns no results # wkt <- 'LINESTRING(3 4,10 50,20 25)' # occ_search(geometry = wkt) ### Apparently a point is allowed, but errors # wkt <- 'POINT(45 -122)' # occ_search(geometry = wkt) ## Faceting x <- occ_search(facet = "country", limit = 0) x$facets x <- occ_search(facet = "establishmentMeans", limit = 10) x$facets x$data x <- occ_search(facet = c("country", "basisOfRecord"), limit = 10) x$data x$facets x$facets$country x$facets$basisOfRecord x$facets$basisOfRecord$count x <- occ_search(facet = "country", facetMincount = 30000000L, limit = 10) x$facets x$data # paging per each faceted variable (x <- occ_search( facet = c("country", "basisOfRecord", "hasCoordinate"), country.facetLimit = 3, basisOfRecord.facetLimit = 6, limit = 0 )) x$facets # You can set limit=0 to get number of results found occ_search(datasetKey = '7b5d6a48-f762-11e1-a439-00145eb45e9a', limit = 0)$meta occ_search(scientificName = 'Ursus americanus', limit = 0)$meta occ_search(scientificName = 'Ursus americanus', limit = 0, return = "meta") # }


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I recently graduated from a Front-End Web Development course at General Assembly where I learned HTML, CSS, JavaScript, jQuery and how to be an awesome Front-End Web Developer! During my spare time, I enjoy senior water aerobics, pickling, and spending time with my goldfish, Jerry.
Developed a multi-column layout blog, landing page, and contact forms that render on mobile devices.


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| 484 | (A) | Ałłs proues his passione who-so at paske redis |
| 488 | (C) | As preueth his passyon . þe gospełł who-so redytħ |
| 484 | (D) | As previth his passion þe pask who-so reditħ |
| (E) | ---- no text ---- | |
| (Ex) | ---- no text ---- | |
| 501 | (L) | þat preueþ his passioun who-so þe paas redeþ |
| 464 | (P) | Als prouys þe passyon who þe pase redes |
| 482 | (U) | Os prouetħ his passion / the pase who it redetħ |
| (V) | ---- no text ---- |


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Rough kinds
- For a specific language
- As a layer of an application or part of an API
- 'General' runtimes
For a specific language
- Most famous early examples: Smalltalk, Lisp and Self all had early bytecode VMs. Pascal p-code, and Forth interpreters.
- Java JVM (initially), Python CPython, Ruby MRI/Rubinius, Perl, Lua, Flash Tamarin, JS V8 etc, even PHP (kindof)
- (Usually) an evolution, after starting as (usually) an AST walking interpreter
- Better risk/reward than writing a compiler that targets raw machine code
- Sometimes you have other baggage as well, such as image based VMs.
As a layer of an application or part of an API
As a layer of an application or part of an API
- I wrote an opengl based UI toolkit which was mostly a bytecode VM whose bytecodes were rendering tasks
- In fact, lots of rendering middleware uses this approach - Apple's Metal APIs, for example.
- SPIRV for Vulkan is even more this.
As a layer of an application or part of an API
If you are familiar with the literature, you can end up building out Jitting infrastructure, GC, OSR, Deopt, multithreading, tuning parameters, stack layout optimisation, playing with instruction encoding for code density, macroinstructions, polymorphic inline caches, dynamic recompilation...
'General' runtimes
- JVMs - OpenJDK, j9, Hotspot etc
- CLR, Parrot
- Qbrt
- Truffle/Graal, OMR, ZetaVM, Rubinius, PyPy, Mu VM...
- Dis
Conclusion?
Parsing is an example of a 'solved enough' problem. There is still a lot of interesting work, but for most things you can just use a parser combinator library or write a PEG and run that through a code generator. Very few of things you end up wanting in practical VM writing are 'solved enough' problems.
Conclusion???
We are reimplementing things again and again and again. Many foundational projects are MLOC balls of C++. The cost to implement some of these things is astronomical. It takes a number of cycles for things to make it into the mainstream.
There are things in the Self and Strongtalk VMs that we still have trouble implementing in smaller projects today.
Implications
- Polymorphic Row types
- Type system - Cubical Type Theory
- Explicit quantifiers
Quantifiers?
∀ ∃ Π Σ ı λ μ ν Ϙ 𐌎
Implications
- Polymorphic Row types
- Type system - Cubical Type Theory
- Explicit quantifiers
- Reasonably developed MOP, VM interface
- Basic Block Versioning
- Staged computation
Takeaways
- Unless you are 1990's era Sun, have a plan and a scope
- VM development is not self sustaining - you need something else to provide the fuel
- Bytecode VMs are a good solution to a wide range of problems, with a dense literature you can tap into
Hook!
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>/


Chinese government bodies call for prohibition on vaping in public
by By Josh Horwitz1 / 2FILE PHOTO: Saleswoman demonstrates vaping at Vape Shop in Beijing
By Josh Horwitz
SHANGHAI (Reuters) - Chinese government bodies have jointly called for a ban on consuming e-cigarettes in public, as the country gradually works to regulate its fast-growing vaping industry.
In a document dated Oct. 29 and published online on Thursday, China's National Health Bureau, the State Administration for Market Regulation, the domestic tobacco monopoly China Tobacco, and five other bureaus urged local governments to curb both tobacco consumption among young people, as well as e-cigarette consumption.
The regulators state that e-cigarette use in China "has shown a clear upward trend among the youth population", and add that the composition of e-cigarette liquid and its second-hand smoke are "unsafe".
"There is no conclusive evidence that e-cigarettes can help to effectively quit smoking," the regulators state.
The agencies add that China "must actively promote the prohibition of electronic smoking in public places".
China produces an overwhelming majority of the e-cigarettes sold on the global market, though only a tiny fraction are purchased by domestic buyers.
That is changing quickly as dozens of Chinese start-ups, inspired by the potent e-cigarette made by Juul Labs Inc that grew popular in the United States, have flooded the market with products of their own targeting local consumers.
At present there are no national-level regulations providing standards for the manufacture and sale of e-cigarettes in China. Industry insiders expect that such regulations will be released in the near future.
China's tobacco industry is controlled by China Tobacco, a state monopoly that doubles as the tobacco market's regulator. In 2018, China Tobacco generated 5.45% of China's tax revenue, amounting to 10.8 trillion yuan (about $1.5 trillion).
(Reporting by Josh Horwitz; Editing by Alex Richardson)


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{% extends 'base.html' %} {% block content %} {% include 'search_form.html' %} Showing {{meta['page']['total_results']}} results from "{{query}}" {% for entry in results %}


Creates guitar tablature from R code by providing functions for describing and organizing musical structures and wrapping around the 'LilyPond' backend (<http://lilypond.org>). 'LilyPond' is open source music engraving software for generating high quality sheet music based on markup language. 'tabr' provides a wrapper around this software and generates files following the 'LilyPond' markup syntax to be subsequently processed by 'LilyPond' into sheet music pdf files. A standalone 'LilyPond' file can be created or the package can make a system call to 'LilyPond' directly to render the guitar tablature output. While 'LilyPond' caters to sheet music in general, 'tabr' is focused on leveraging it specifically for creating quality guitar tablature. 'tabr' offers nominal MIDI file support in addition to its focus on tablature transcription. See the 'tuneR' package for more general use of MIDI files in R.
| Version: | 0.2.0 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 3.4.0) |
| Imports: | magrittr, dplyr, purrr |
| Suggests: | testthat, knitr, rmarkdown, covr, kableExtra, lintr |
| Published: | 2018-05-17 |
| Author: | Matthew Leonawicz [aut, cre] |
| Maintainer: | Matthew Leonawicz <mfleonawicz at alaska.edu> |
| BugReports: | https://github.com/leonawicz/tabr/issues |
| License: | MIT + file LICENSE |
| URL: | https://github.com/leonawicz/tabr |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| SystemRequirements: | LilyPond |
| Materials: | README NEWS |
| CRAN checks: | tabr results |
| Reference manual: | tabr.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
Basic example Chords Engraving Phrase helpers Musical phrases Repeats Tracks and scores Non-standard tuning |
| Package source: | tabr_0.2.0.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: tabr_0.2.0.zip, r-release: tabr_0.2.0.zip, r-oldrel: tabr_0.2.0.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: tabr_0.2.0.tgz, r-oldrel: tabr_0.2.0.tgz |
| Old sources: | tabr archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=tabr to link to this page.


CHAPTER 228
OCEAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
REPEALED. L 1995, c 104, §7.
Cross References
For present provisions, see §§205A-61 to 205A-64.


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NLP for Social Good Symposium, Closing Remarks, University of Liverpool, UK. (2023.06)
slides
Social Biases in Generative AI systems,
Keynote talk given at the [Digital Theme UK-Ukraine Twinning Initiative](https://www.digital-ukraine.co.uk/) (2023.03)
Invited talk at the Open Data Science Conference (ODSC), London. (2022.06)
AI for HR -- tools and biases,
Keynote talk at the [World Human Resource Conference](https://wfpma.org/world-congress/), Colombo. (2022.05)
Keynote at the 16th International Conference of the Pacific Association for Computational Linguistics (PACLING) on
Overcoming the limitations in Lexical Representations via Meta-embedding Learning (2019.10)
Keynote 2018 National Human Resource Conference of the Institute of Personnel Management (IPM) Sri Lanka on
On Changing Human Resource Landscape in the Digital World (2019.06)
EPSRC Liverpool Centre for Mathematics in Healthcare IMAGING AND DATA INTEGRATION EVENT on
Natural Language Processing for Healthcare Informatics.
Scientific Computing Center at Hartree Supercomputing Center, Darsebury, UK. on
Learning the Meanings of Words from Big Data.
Invited talk on *Big Data and IT Capabilities, Her Magesties Revenue and Customs (HMRC), Liverpool. (2016.07)
Word and Relation Representation Learning, Workshop Knowledge Representation, Liverpool. (2016.06)
Distributed embedding methods at Natural Language Group seminar at University of Sheffield. (2016.01)
Deep learning for AI Keynote speech at APSITT, Colombo, Sri Lanka. (2015.8)
Talk given at Microsoft Research Asia (Beijing) during my stay as a visiting researcher
slides (2012.10)
The 14th Information-Based Induction Sciences Workshop (IBIS 2011),
Relational Data and Tensor Decomposition Invited Session, Nara, Japan. Relation Extraction from the Web.
slides(2011.11)
Google Inc., Mountain View, California, USA. Cross-Language Latent Relational Web Search (with Nguyen Duc). (2011.08)
TOSHIBA Cambridge Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK.
Relation Adaptation: Learning to Extract Novel Relations with Minimum Supervision. (2011.07)
ILCC School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, UK. Domain Adaptation for NLP. (2011.06)
Department of Informatics, University of Sussex, UK. Cross-Domain Sentiment Classification. (2011.05)
Microsoft Research (Redmond) talk given on Relational Duality: Unsupervised Extraction of Semantic Relations between Entities on the Web (2010.05)
Rakuten Tech Talk given on Measuring Relational Similarity between Entities using Web Texts. (2010.03)


Recipe: Jacques Pépin's Eggs Jeannette
by CBS NewsThe famed chef and TV personality Jacques Pépin offers "Sunday Morning" recipes reminiscent of his childhood outside Lyon, France.
"This dish is named after my mother, who used to make it regularly when I was a child. It is usually served lukewarm or at room temperature as a first course for dinner, but it is good as a brunch, lunch, buffet, or picnic dish.
"Many variations can be made on the same principle. Here the yolks are seasoned with garlic and parsley, but bits of leftovers such as shellfish, fish, or vegetables like spinach or mushrooms, as well as bits of leftover meat can be mixed with the yolks for different flavors."
Jacques Pépin's Eggs Jeannette
Serves 6
Ingredients:
6 large hard-cooked eggs, preferably organic, peeled
2 tablespoons milk
2 cloves garlic, finely chopped (1 tablespoon)
2 tablespoons chopped fresh parsley
1/4 teaspoon salt
1/4 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper
1 1/2 tablespoons peanut oil
Dressing:
About 2 tablespoons reserved egg-yolk mixture (from above)
2 teaspoons Dijon mustard
2 teaspoons red wine vinegar
1 tablespoon water
Pinch of salt
Pinch of freshly ground black pepper
1/4 cup olive oil
Preparation:
- Cut the eggs in half crosswise at the widest point. Remove the yolks and mash them in a bowl with a fork. Mix in the milk, garlic, parsley, salt, and pepper; the mixture should be moist and hold together. Stuff the whites with the yolk mixture, reserving approximately 2 tablespoons for the dressing. (The egg yolk mixture adds texture to the dressing.)
- Heat the oil in a skillet, preferably nonstick. When the oil is hot, add the egg halves, stuffed side down, and fry over medium heat for about 2 minutes; they will brown beautifully. (Do not cook the white side.) Remove the eggs from the skillet, and arrange them on a platter or in a gratin dish.
- For the dressing: Put all the ingredients except the oil in a food processor, and, with the motor running, add the oil slowly. Pour the dressing on top of and around the eggs, and serve.
For more info:


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The candidate oncoprotein Bcl-3 is an antagonist of p50/NF-kappa B -mediated inhibition.
Abstract
The candidate oncogene bcl-3 was discovered as a translocation into the immunoglobulin alpha-locus in some cases of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemias. The protein Bcl-3 contains seven so-called ankyrin repeats. Similar repeat motifs are found in a number of diverse regulatory proteins but the motifs of Bcl-3 are most closely related to those found in I kappa B proteins in which the ankyrin repeat domain is thought to be directly involved in inhibition of NF-kappa B activity. No biological function has yet been described for Bcl-3, but it was noted recently that Bcl-3 interferes with DNA-binding of the p50 subunit of NF-kappa B in vitro. Here we demonstrate that Bcl-3 can aid kappa B site -dependent transcription in vivo by counteracting the inhibitory effects of p50/NF-kappa B homodimers. Bcl-3 may therefore aid activation of select NF-kappa B-regulated genes, including those of the human immunodeficiency virus.


| Character | Meaning |
|---|---|
\ |
Matches according to the following rules: |
^ |
Matches beginning of input. If the multiline flag is set to true, also matches immediately after a line break character. For example, /^A/ does not match the 'A' in "an A", but does match the 'A' in "An E".The ' ^ ' has a different meaning when it appears as the first character in a character set pattern. See complemented character sets for details and an example. |
$ |
Matches end of input. If the multiline flag is set to true, also matches immediately before a line break character. For example, |
* |
Matches the preceding expression 0 or more times. Equivalent to {0,}. For example, |
+ |
Matches the preceding expression 1 or more times. Equivalent to For example, |
? |
Matches the preceding character 0 or 1 time. Equivalent to {0,1} .For example, /e?le?/ matches the 'el' in "angel" and the 'le' in "angle" and also the 'l' in "oslo".If used immediately after any of the quantifiers *, +, ?, or {}, makes the quantifier non-greedy (matching the fewest possible characters), as opposed to the default, which is greedy (matching as many characters as possible). For example, applying /\d+/ to "123abc" matches "123". But applying /\d+?/ to that same string matches only the "1".Also used in lookahead assertions, as described in the x(?=y) and x(?!y) entries of this table. |
. |
(The decimal point) matches any single character except the newline character. For example, |
(x) |
Matches 'x' and remembers the match, as the following example shows. The parentheses are called capturing parentheses. |
(?:x) |
Matches 'x' but does not remember the match. The parentheses are called non-capturing parentheses, and let you define subexpressions for regular expression operators to work with. Consider the sample expression /(?:foo){1,2}/ . If the expression was /foo{1,2}/ , the {1,2} characters would apply only to the last 'o' in 'foo'. With the non-capturing parentheses, the {1,2} applies to the entire word 'foo'. |
x(?=y) |
Matches 'x' only if 'x' is followed by 'y'. This is called a lookahead. For example, |
x(?!y) |
Matches 'x' only if 'x' is not followed by 'y'. This is called a negated lookahead. For example, |
x|y |
Matches either 'x' or 'y'. For example, |
{n} |
Matches exactly n occurrences of the preceding expression. N must be a positive integer. For example, /a{2}/ doesn't match the 'a' in "candy," but it does match all of the a's in "caandy," and the first two a's in "caaandy." |
{n,m} |
Where For example, |
[xyz] |
Character set. This pattern type matches any one of the characters in the brackets, including escape sequences. Special characters like the dot(. ) and asterisk (* ) are not special inside a character set, so they don't need to be escaped. You can specify a range of characters by using a hyphen, as the following examples illustrate.The pattern [a-d] , which performs the same match as [abcd] , matches the 'b' in "brisket" and the 'c' in "city". The patterns /[a-z.]+/ and /[\w.]+/ match the entire string "test.i.ng". |
[^xyz] |
A negated or complemented character set. That is, it matches anything that is not enclosed in the brackets. You can specify a range of characters by using a hyphen. Everything that works in the normal character set also works here. For example, |
[\b] |
Matches a backspace (U+0008). You need to use square brackets if you want to match a literal backspace character. (Not to be confused with \b .) |
\b |
Matches a word boundary. A word boundary matches the position where a word character is not followed or preceeded by another word-character. Note that a matched word boundary is not included in the match. In other words, the length of a matched word boundary is zero. (Not to be confused with Examples: Note: JavaScript's regular expression engine defines a specific set of characters to be "word" characters. Any character not in that set is considered a word break. This set of characters is fairly limited: it consists solely of the Roman alphabet in both upper- and lower-case, decimal digits, and the underscore character. Accented characters, such as "é" or "ü" are, unfortunately, treated as word breaks. |
\B |
Matches a non-word boundary. This matches a position where the previous and next character are of the same type: Either both must be words, or both must be non-words. The beginning and end of a string are considered non-words. For example, |
\cX |
Where X is a character ranging from A to Z. Matches a control character in a string. For example, |
\d |
Matches a digit character. Equivalent to For example, |
\D |
Matches any non-digit character. Equivalent to For example, |
\f |
Matches a form feed (U+000C). |
\n |
Matches a line feed (U+000A). |
\r |
Matches a carriage return (U+000D). |
\s |
Matches a single white space character, including space, tab, form feed, line feed. Equivalent to For example, |
\S |
Matches a single character other than white space. Equivalent to For example, |
\t |
Matches a tab (U+0009). |
\v |
Matches a vertical tab (U+000B). |
\w |
Matches any alphanumeric character including the underscore. Equivalent to For example, |
\W |
Matches any non-word character. Equivalent to For example, |
\n |
Where n is a positive integer, a back reference to the last substring matching the n parenthetical in the regular expression (counting left parentheses). For example, |
\0 |
Matches a NULL (U+0000) character. Do not follow this with another digit, because \0<digits> is an octal escape sequence. |
\xhh |
Matches the character with the code hh (two hexadecimal digits) |
\uhhhh |
Matches the character with the code hhhh (four hexadecimal digits). |


Start using Angular elements or any other web components in your applications by following these 3 steps...
ng add ngx-loadable
ng generate ngx-loadable:module lazy --module app
element
can be added to create it as a Angular Element
ngx-loadable
component to load the lazy component


#include <kinematics.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| double | BestPossibleTime (const S &x1, const S &x2) const |
| S | Evaluate (const S &x, const VectorXd &u) const |
| void | FromRos (const fastrack_srvs::KinematicPlannerDynamics::Response &res) |
| Kinematics () | |
| Kinematics (const VectorBoundBox &bound) | |
| Kinematics (const VectorXd &u_lower, const VectorXd &u_upper) | |
| VectorXd | OptimalControl (const S &x, const S &value_gradient) const |
| fastrack_srvs::KinematicPlannerDynamics::Response | ToRos () const |
| ~Kinematics () | |
| Public Member Functions inherited from fastrack::dynamics::Dynamics< S, VectorXd, fastrack_srvs::KinematicPlannerDynamics::Response > | |
| const ControlBound< VectorXd > & | GetControlBound () const |
| void | Initialize (std::unique_ptr< ControlBound< VectorXd >> bound) |
| virtual | ~Dynamics () |
Additional Inherited Members | |
| Protected Member Functions inherited from fastrack::dynamics::Dynamics< S, VectorXd, fastrack_srvs::KinematicPlannerDynamics::Response > | |
| Dynamics () | |
| Dynamics (std::unique_ptr< ControlBound< VectorXd >> bound) | |
| Protected Attributes inherited from fastrack::dynamics::Dynamics< S, VectorXd, fastrack_srvs::KinematicPlannerDynamics::Response > | |
| std::unique_ptr< const ControlBound< VectorXd > > | control_bound_ |
| bool | initialized_ |
Definition at line 62 of file kinematics.h.
|
inline |
Definition at line 66 of file kinematics.h.
|
inlineexplicit |
Definition at line 67 of file kinematics.h.
|
inlineexplicit |
Definition at line 70 of file kinematics.h.
|
inlineexplicit |
Definition at line 73 of file kinematics.h.
| double fastrack::dynamics::Kinematics< S >::BestPossibleTime | ( | const S & | x1, |
| const S & | x2 | ||
| ) | const |
Definition at line 163 of file kinematics.h.
|
inlinevirtual |
Implements fastrack::dynamics::Dynamics< S, VectorXd, fastrack_srvs::KinematicPlannerDynamics::Response >.
Definition at line 108 of file kinematics.h.
|
inlinevirtual |
Implements fastrack::dynamics::Dynamics< S, VectorXd, fastrack_srvs::KinematicPlannerDynamics::Response >.
Definition at line 143 of file kinematics.h.
|
inlinevirtual |
Implements fastrack::dynamics::Dynamics< S, VectorXd, fastrack_srvs::KinematicPlannerDynamics::Response >.
Definition at line 85 of file kinematics.h.
|
inlinevirtual |
Implements fastrack::dynamics::Dynamics< S, VectorXd, fastrack_srvs::KinematicPlannerDynamics::Response >.
Definition at line 123 of file kinematics.h.


Budapest - a cold gem in the winter
The capital of Hungary, Budapest is a gorgeous city, that has so much to offer, but bare in mind that the winter temperatures are not for the faint of heart!
Buda Castle
If you see one thing in the City, go see the Buda Castle. The former Royal Palace, now house the Budapest History Museum and the Hungarian National Gallery. If you are lucky could also see the changing of the guard which is an interesting sight to behold!
Fisherman’s Bastion
If you are looking for one of the best views in the city - go to the Fisherman’s Bastion. The seven tours in the castle provide an awe inspiring look over the city. Legend has it that bastion was protected by the fishermans’ guild from which the structure has its name.
Is it worth it?
Most definitely yes! The cheap accommodations, combined with the excellent food and the beauty of the city, make Budapest a worthwhile visit!


{% extends "councilmatic_core/legislation.html" %} {% block description %}
{{ legislation.linked_description }}


5. Angular Templates
Created Saturday 10 July 2021
Template is the html file tagged to any particular component. It describes the basic structure of the component and how it will be shown in the browser.
Templates are basically static HTML combined with some dynamic components that are provided by Angular in the form of logic.
Passing Data to Components via the Template
To go from static to dynamic components, the first thing to do is to pass some dynamic data to the component. This is done through:
- Interpolation
Refer to it inside template using
{{ attr }}
We can optionally use pipes in template like
{{ attr | uppercase }}
- Data Binding
- Property Binding: Allows us to dynamically change the HTML properties based on logic.
<button id = "newbutton">Click me!</button>
Just creates a basic HTML button. Now a button has certain properties. Let's check 'disabled'
<button id = "newbutton" disabled>Click me!</button>
Now, dynamically:
In TS: isButtonDisabled : boolean = false; In template: <button id = "newbutton" [disabled]="isButtonDisabled">Click me!</button>
We have just "bound" the value of a variable to a property of an element in the DOM. This kind of data binding is one-way, source to view property binding. So updates in TS will reflect in the view but not vice versa.
- Event Binding: If we wanted the reverse, ie one-way, view to source event binding, that can be done using () brackets.
In TS: buttonClicked(){ console.log("Button has been clicked.") } In template: <button [disabled]='isButtonDisabled' (click) = 'buttonClicked()'>Click me!</button>
This allows you to bind the event of a click with an action in the TS.
In template: <input type='text' name='text' (input) = "formFilled($event)"> In TS: formFilled(event: any){ console.log(event); this.textEntered= (<HTMLInputElement>event.target).value; }
This is also a one-way data-binding where data is sent from view to source.
- Two-Way Data Binding
Changes in data made in the view are updated in the model/logic, and vice versa.
Let's say I want to take the username as input, but if I change it in the logic that should be the name as well.
For this, we import
import { FormsModule } from '@angular/forms';
in component ts as well as in appmodulets. Additionally, must add FormsModule to imports array of appmodule.
imports: [ BrowserModule, FormsModule ]
Now,
In TS: textEntered : any = ''; In template: <input type='text' name='text' [(ngModel)] = "textEntered">

 {{ textEntered }}

This allows for live update. The difference between one-way event driven data binding and two-way binding is that updates on the model from source are not reflected on the view end for it.
If we had two inputs, one not using 2WDB and one using it, updating the first input would update the output of the second but not vice versa
Write but not read = one way event driven binding
Read but not write = string interpolation/one way data driven binding
Write and read = two way data binding
Backlinks: Angular


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Quiz Time!
Question 1: How Many Schools Have I Attended?
Guess the Answer! Good Luck
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Time to Dance!
Dance Off
Dance On


Derek Eder
@derekeder
Proud to stand with @nava_united and all #CivicTech workers unionizing in the sector - and I'm saying that as a business owner.
It’s time for @NavaPBC to recognize the union https://twitter.com/Nava_United/status/1489328874575912960
2/4/2022, 8:56:48 AM
Favs: 17
Retweets: 3
link


Network Partitioning Graph
{{network}}
Tweets
| Click on an arrow to see a sample of the interactions of a group with another |
|---|
| Click on an arrow to see a sample of the interactions of a group with another |
|---|


Navigation
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The following plan runs for {{model.startAP.totalWeeks}} weeks. Are you sure you with to start this training plan?


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% from "components/card/template.html" import Card -%} {% block article_body %}
{{ intro | md }}
{# repeating card section starts #} {% for card in cards %} {% set loopcounter = loop %}Developed by Claire Manibog, Joanna S Kao and Lauren Leatherby
{% endblock %}


womp womp
Looks like our burning pile of garbage server is having an issue at the moment, but you are welcome to peruse our code on GitHub.
Looks like our burning pile of garbage server is having an issue at the moment, but you are welcome to peruse our code on GitHub.


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I’m Jofra Arthor A passionate Designer, Developer, Author
Passionate about Branding but mostly about App and Web design focused on interfaces and user experience (UI/UX).
About Me.
Passionate with Design Mostly ui/ux and Application design
I am a Front-End Developer and UI UX Designer based in Bangladesh. I am director and CEO at Marvel Theme Creative Agency. I am a dreamer and a fanatic of all digital things. I have many years of experience in consulting in all areas of digital. I love minmal design and Biker. I am also an Author an Envato Marketplace.
Having a home based business is a wonderful asset to your life. The problem still stands, when it comes timeadvertise your business for a cheap cost. I am here to share a few simple creative ways.
- Raisa Moni
Envato Customer
Having a home based business is a wonderful asset to your life. The problem still stands, when it comes timeadvertise your business for a cheap cost. I am here to share a few simple creative ways.
- Raisa Moni
Envato Customer
Having a home based business is a wonderful asset to your life. The problem still stands, when it comes timeadvertise your business for a cheap cost. I am here to share a few simple creative ways.
- Raisa Moni
Envato Customer
Having a home based business is a wonderful asset to your life. The problem still stands, when it comes timeadvertise your business for a cheap cost. I am here to share a few simple creative ways.
- Raisa Moni
Envato Customer
contact us.
Send me a message, I will be touch with you shortly.


Anti-microbial touchpad and surrounding surfaces manufactured and tested to protect against cross-contamination of germs within the workplace.
Ultraviolet (UV) light is emitted during the last phase of the purification process killing potentially harmful bacteria and viruses, keeping your workplace healthy while delivering FRESHNESS YOU CAN TASTE™.
Light Notifies you as soon as the filter needs to be replaced by the Office H2O service team — ensuring the highest level of freshness.
The ergonomic design delivers an optimum dispense height and spacious dispense area for large containers which prevents germ contamination of the dispense nozzle.
Illuminates the dispense area to easily identify drip tray “bullseye” for precise dispensing — keeping the work environment clean of water spillage.


Renato Merino Szklarski
About Me
Petroleum Engineer, 31yo.
I have create this site to be my main project, to test everything I´ve been learning about programing and develop news tools. Beside programing I have hobbies like photgraph and cooking.
Home
About me
Projects
Contact


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{{#markdown}} | | | | ------------- | ---------- | | semantics | `h1` | | font-size | 4.209em = 67.34px | | line-height | 5.61315rem | {{/markdown}}Logo + Title
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Tri
livia
Inspiration
About
Contact
Tri
livia
Your ideas, my talent, our success.
Inspiration
Contact
Inspiration
Dark
Retrowave
Flat
Sleek


?•
•
•
•
•
PLANTS
OF
JAMAICA
/»«tie«
St.
Mary
Parish
Gramineae
Grounds
of
Casa
Maria
hotel,
4
mi.
N
of
Port
Maria;
N
side
of
island,
on
Caribbean
Sea;
tufted
grass
in
poor
soil;
full
sun.
18°
24'N;
76°
55'W.
Coll.
Ruth
B.
Alford
No.
1003
5
Aug
1968
01529980
Legend -
Level of confidence that token is an accurately-transcribed word
extremely low
very low
low
undetermined
medium
high
very high


Who We Are?
At CodeUp Blood, we know how important blood is for life and we believe every Individual should be given an opportunity to stay alive, which is why we . . .
- Connect Blood Donors & Recipients in a convenient and safe way.
- Increase communication with our members.
- Examine critically to ensure alignment.
- Perform extra care from a multi-disciplinary team.
- Are community based organization.


Fri Jan 4, 2008
Welcome to 2008! If you’ve been here before then you’ll notice that I’ve finally put up a proper logo for the site. I’m quite pleased with it, but it can always be tweaked. Other upgrades for the new year are taking place as you read this. I’ve put up more writing samples, as well as simplified the design in my portfolio. Up next will be making an editing and design section. Anyway, that’s all for now - happy new year to all.


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This algorithm can be used for a veriety of purposed in computing. The first, is a plagerism detector. The algorithm can search essays and find the normal values and scores for a writers sentences. If someone plagerises a strong sentence (one that's sepcifically stronger than that of which they would normally write) the code would flag it as off. Another use would be search algorithms. If you were searching for sentences in a database it could pull out the highest rated sentences that contain your query. These are just a couple of the many uses these types of algorithms could be used for.
Start by giving the algorithm the needed data. From the user, all we need is the text to analyze. On the backend we import a synonym dictionary (find overlap and unify text corpus), we import a dictionary of most used words and lastly we import a dictionary of "Crap" words to cut out.
The algorithm then cuts the string accordingly to unify all string. The algorithm will first cut out all the useless words such as "a", "at", "of" etc. It will then run a synonym dictionary through all the words for easier comparison. .
The algorithm then uses a regex expression to break the corpus into specific sentences that are easy to work with. It will also break apart the specific sentences into words for analysis.
Lastly the algorithm compares the words in the sentence to the database, finds the summation of each sentence and displays those values.


{% include head.html %}
{% include header.html %} {% include home.html %} {% include speakers.html %} {% include sessions.html %} {% include sponsors.html %} {% include about.html %} {% include code_of_conduct.html %} {% include footer.html %} {% include talk-modal-keynote.html %} {% include talks-modals.html %} {% include js.html %}


AddAnimSeq ( entity,length)
Parameters:
| entity - entity handle length - |
Description:
| Creates an animation sequence for an entity. This must be done before
any animation keys set by SetAnimKey can be
used in an actual animation. Returns the animation sequence number added. |
| None. |


Impressions after seeing Pavement play at Edgefield last night
Maybe I missed this very obvious point, but Pavement's songs are pretty sad. I dunno, I suppose I knew that the "slacker" label never really meant anything (and there was proof of that last night: Malkmus can clearly play the hell out of the guitar. Sloppy is an affectation, and he wears it well, but it's a choice in his world), but last night we heard these songs back to back to back.  And let's think about "Spit on a Stranger," which gives us this beautifulness:
I've been thinking long and hard about the things you said to me
like a bitter stranger
and now I see the long, the short, the middle and what's in between
I could spit on a stranger
Okay cool.
I mean, I guess I am saying that I always thought of them as the cool older brother to Beck in his "Loser" stage, but they are more like Radiohead's dreamy good looking cousin who, instead of raging about corporations, instead tries to act either uninterested or uncaring, but fails at both.
All this from a reunion show, folks. Go see these guys.
*admittedly, this might just be why my brain is at lately


Creates empty implementations for fields not implemented in a coclauses block correponding to a super class.


| # | Party | When | Question | Answer |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
2020-03-23 18:47:39 | Announcement |
Problem E. Count The Blocks ***** Digits from different numbers don't from blocks.
|
|
|
|
2020-03-23 17:56:20 | Announcement |
Problem C. Game with Chips ***** We don't have to minimize the number of operations in problem C.
|
| Name |
|---|


Older Releases of Miso
Version 1.92 (25.1.2007)
- license
- The license covering the software. (This file is also included in the source archive.)
- HTML and Python API documentation
- HTML and Python files describing the API of the library. (These files are also included in the source archive.)
- SISX file (for 3rd Ed)
- A self-signed binary distribution, for installation onto an S60 3rd Edition device (Nokia 5500 Sport,
Nokia E50, Nokia E61, Nokia E70, Nokia N73, Nokia N80, Nokia N91, Nokia N93, …).
- SIS file (for 3rd Ed)
- An unsigned binary distribution for 3rd Edition devices, with maximum free DevCert capabilies assigned to the binary.
- SIS file (for v2.6)
- A binary distribution, for installation onto an S60 2nd Edition FP2 device (Nokia 6630, Nokia 6680, …).
- SIS file (for v2.0)
- A binary distribution, for installation onto an S60 2nd Edition device (Nokia 6260, Nokia 6600, Nokia 6670, Nokia 7610, …).
- SIS file (for v0.9 and v1.x)
- A binary distribution, for installation onto an S60 1st Edition device (N-Gage, N-Gage QD, Nokia 3650, Nokia 7650, …). Untested.
- source code
- A source distribution.
Functions restart_phone
and compress_all_heaps
added.
Docstrings removed.
Version 1.91 (13.12.2006)
- license
- The license covering the software. (This file is also included in the source archive.)
- HTML and Python API documentation
- HTML and Python files describing the API of the library. (These files are also included in the source archive.)
- SISX file (for 3rd Ed)
- A self-signed binary distribution, for installation onto an S60 3rd Edition device (Nokia 5500 Sport,
Nokia E50, Nokia E61, Nokia E70, Nokia N73, Nokia N80, Nokia N91, Nokia N93, …).
- SIS file (for 3rd Ed)
- An unsigned binary distribution for 3rd Edition devices, with maximum free DevCert capabilies assigned to the binary.
- SIS file (for v2.6)
- A binary distribution, for installation onto an S60 2nd Edition FP2 device (Nokia 6630, Nokia 6680, …).
- SIS file (for v2.0)
- A binary distribution, for installation onto an S60 2nd Edition device (Nokia 6260, Nokia 6600, Nokia 6670, Nokia 7610, …).
- SIS file (for v0.9 and v1.x)
- A binary distribution, for installation onto an S60 1st Edition device (N-Gage, N-Gage QD, Nokia 3650, Nokia 7650, …). Untested.
- source code
- A source distribution.
This version adds support for S60 3rd Edition, and drops functionality now built into PyS60 itself. Builds were made with PyS60 v1.3.x SDKs. PyS60 v1.3.15 or higher is required to run the 3rd Edition binary.
API changes:
- Removed
take_photo
; use the PyS60 camera
module instead.
- Removed
disk_total_avail
; use the PyS60 sysinfo.free_drivespace
function instead.
- Removed
imei_code
; use the PyS60 sysinfo.imei
function instead.
Version 1.41 (2.11.2005)
- license
- The license covering the software.
(This file is also included in the source archive.)
- API documentation
- An HTML file describing the API of the library.
(This file is also included in the source archive.)
- SIS file (for
v2.6)
- A binary distribution, for installation onto a
Series 60 2nd Ed FP2 device (Nokia 6630, Nokia 6680, …).
- SIS file (for v2.0)
- A binary distribution, for installation onto a Series 60 2nd
Edition device (Nokia 6260, Nokia 6600, Nokia 6670, Nokia 7610,
…).
- SIS file (for v1.x)
- A binary distribution, for installation onto a Series 60 1st
Edition device (N-Gage, N-Gage QD, Nokia 3650, Nokia 7650, …).
Untested.
- source code
- A source distribution.
This version was built for Python for Series 60 v1.2, in case
there are ABI changes. The source code has not changed from Miso
v1.40.
Version 1.40 (13.6.2005)
- license
- The license covering the software.
(This file is also included in the source archive.)
- API documentation
- An HTML file describing the API of the library.
(This file is also included in the source archive.)
- SIS file (for
v2.6)
- A binary distribution, for installation onto a
Series 60 2nd Ed FP2 device (Nokia 6630, Nokia 6680, …).
- SIS file (for v2.0)
- A binary distribution, for installation onto a Series 60 2nd
Edition device (Nokia 6260, Nokia 6600, Nokia 6670, Nokia 7610,
…).
- SIS file (for v1.x)
- A binary distribution, for installation onto a Series 60 1st
Edition device (N-Gage, N-Gage QD, Nokia 3650, Nokia 7650, …).
Untested.
- source code
- A source distribution.
take_photo
now accepts optional configuration
parameters (courtesy of Andreas Hartl).
Version 1.30 (22.4.2005)
- license
- The license covering the software.
(This file is also included in the source archive.)
- API documentation
- An HTML file describing the API of the library.
(This file is also included in the source archive.)
- SIS file (for
v2.6)
- A binary distribution, for installation onto a
Series 60 2nd Ed FP2 device (Nokia 6630, …).
- SIS file (for v2.0)
- A binary distribution, for installation onto a Series 60 2nd
Edition device (Nokia 6260, Nokia 6600, Nokia 6670, Nokia 7610,
…).
- SIS file (for v1.x)
- A binary distribution, for installation onto a Series 60 1st
Edition device (N-Gage, N-Gage QD, Nokia 3650, Nokia 7650, …).
Untested.
- source code
- A source distribution.
Modified take_photo
and vibrate
to
release the interpreter lock when they don't require it. Added some
heap management related utility functions.
Version 1.20 (8.4.2005)
- license
- The license covering the software.
(This file is also included in the source archive.)
- API documentation
- An HTML file describing the API of the library.
(This file is also included in the source archive.)
- SIS file (for
v2.6)
- A binary distribution, for installation onto a
Series 60 2nd Ed FP2 device (Nokia 6630, …).
- SIS file (for v2.0)
- A binary distribution, for installation onto a Series 60 2nd
Edition device (Nokia 6260, Nokia 6600, Nokia 6670, Nokia 7610,
…).
- SIS file (for v1.x)
- A binary distribution, for installation onto a Series 60 1st
Edition device (N-Gage, N-Gage QD, Nokia 3650, Nokia 7650, …).
Untested.
- source code
- A source distribution.
Added FsNotifyChange
class, which provides
a filesystem change notification facility. Added a makefile
that supports builds in an sdk2unix
style build environment (tested with sdk2unix v1.5).
Version 1.10 (15.3.2005)
- license
- The license covering the software.
(This file is also included in the source archive.)
- API documentation
- An HTML file describing the API of the library.
(This file is also included in the source archive.)
- SIS file (for
v2.6)
- A binary distribution, for installation onto a
Series 60 2nd Ed FP2 device (Nokia 6630, …).
- SIS file (for v2.0)
- A binary distribution, for installation onto a Series 60 2nd
Edition device (Nokia 6260, Nokia 6600, Nokia 6670, Nokia 7610,
…).
- SIS file (for v1.x)
- A binary distribution, for installation onto a Series 60 1st
Edition device (N-Gage, N-Gage QD, Nokia 3650, Nokia 7650, …).
Untested.
- source code
- A source distribution.
local_bt_address
now works on Symbian 8 phones
also. Added a vibrate
function, which is presently only
enabled in v2.6 builds—all Series 60 2.0 devices supposedly
support the required API, but in practice only more recent devices
appear to have the required vibractrl.dll
file.
Version 1.00 (5.3.2005)
- license
- The license covering the software.
(This file is also included in the source archive.)
- API documentation
- An HTML file describing the API of the library.
(This file is also included in the source archive.)
- SIS file (for
v2.6)
- A binary distribution, for installation onto a
Series 60 2nd Ed FP2 device (Nokia 6630, …). Untested.
- SIS file (for v2.0)
- A binary distribution, for installation onto a Series 60 2nd
Edition device (Nokia 6260, Nokia 6600, Nokia 6670, Nokia 7610,
…).
- SIS file (for v1.x)
- A binary distribution, for installation onto a Series 60 1st
Edition device (N-Gage, N-Gage QD, Nokia 3650, Nokia 7650, …).
Untested.
- source code
- A source distribution.
Initial release.
Tero Hasu
tero.hasu@hut.fi


General purpose TIFF file I/O for R users. Currently the only such package with read and write support for TIFF files with floating point (real-numbered) pixels, and the only package that can correctly import TIFF files that were saved from 'ImageJ' and write TIFF files than can be correctly read by 'ImageJ' <https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/>. Also supports text image I/O.
| Version: | 1.5.0 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 2.10) |
| Imports: | checkmate, magrittr, filesstrings (≥ 3.0.0), stringr, purrr, Rcpp, fields, grDevices, readr, rlang, dplyr, methods, glue, BBmisc |
| LinkingTo: | Rcpp |
| Suggests: | knitr, testthat, rmarkdown, covr, magick, abind, tiff, EBImage, spelling |
| Published: | 2018-10-31 |
| Author: | Rory Nolan [aut, cre], Kent Johnson [aut], Simon Urbanek [ctb], Sergi Padilla-Parra [ths], Jeroen Ooms [rev, ctb], Jon Clayden [rev] |
| Maintainer: | Rory Nolan <rorynoolan at gmail.com> |
| BugReports: | https://www.github.com/ropensci/ijtiff/issues |
| License: | GPL-3 |
| URL: | https://ropensci.github.io/ijtiff |
| NeedsCompilation: | yes |
| SystemRequirements: | libtiff |
| Language: | en-US |
| Citation: | ijtiff citation info |
| Materials: | README NEWS |
| CRAN checks: | ijtiff results |
| Reference manual: | ijtiff.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
Reading and Writing Images Text Images The ImageJ Problem |
| Package source: | ijtiff_1.5.0.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: ijtiff_1.5.0.zip, r-release: ijtiff_1.5.0.zip, r-oldrel: ijtiff_1.5.0.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: ijtiff_1.5.0.tgz, r-oldrel: ijtiff_1.5.0.tgz |
| Old sources: | ijtiff archive |
| Reverse imports: | autothresholdr, detrendr, nandb |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ijtiff to link to this page.


Iceberg Boilerplate
The Iceberg Simple Boilerplate is a simple boilerplate using Gulp, Jade, Stylus and Browsersync.
Fork me on github


Place Configuration
The remote systems (Jive & GitHub) require you to grant access before proceeding.
Authorize Jive
Jive Authorized - OK
Authorize GitHub
GitHub Authorized - OK
Repository: