An army statement says one soldier was also killed in the latest clashes as the extremist presence grows in the West African nation.
The statement says 24 extremists were killed in hours of intense fighting Friday in Yorsala after a military patrol was ambushed. The following day, an army offensive near Bourzanga killed eight extremists and recovered a stash of weapons.
Burkina Faso's president earlier this month vowed to hunt down extremists after they killed at least 37 people in an attack on a convoy carrying employees of a Canadian mining company. It was called the deadliest attack since Islamic extremists became active in the country in 2015.
Copyright 2019 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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uint32_t | prev_tss |
| |
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uint32_t | esp0 |
| |
|
uint32_t | ss0 |
| |
|
uint32_t | esp1 |
| |
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uint32_t | ss1 |
| |
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uint32_t | esp2 |
| |
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uint32_t | ss2 |
| |
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uint32_t | cr3 |
| |
|
uint32_t | eip |
| |
|
uint32_t | eflags |
| |
|
uint32_t | eax |
| |
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uint32_t | ecx |
| |
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uint32_t | edx |
| |
|
uint32_t | ebx |
| |
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uint32_t | esp |
| |
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uint32_t | ebp |
| |
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uint32_t | esi |
| |
|
uint32_t | edi |
| |
|
uint32_t | es |
| |
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uint32_t | cs |
| |
|
uint32_t | ss |
| |
|
uint32_t | ds |
| |
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uint32_t | fs |
| |
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uint32_t | gs |
| |
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uint32_t | ldt |
| |
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uint16_t | trap |
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uint16_t | iomap_base |
| |
The documentation for this struct was generated from the following file:


keychain- Also check for gpg-agent:
keychain --agents "gpg,ssh"- List signatures of all active keys:
keychain --list- List fingerprints of all active keys:
keychain --list-fp- Add a timeout for identities added to the agent, in minutes:
keychain --timeout minutes


Article-Level Metrics measure the dissemination and reach of published research articles.
Traditionally, the impact of research articles has been measured by the publication journal. But a more informative view is one that examines the overall performance and reach of the articles themselves. Article-Level Metrics are a comprehensive set of impact indicators that enable numerous ways to assess and navigate research most relevant to the field itself, including:
- usage
- citations
- social bookmarking and dissemination activity
- media and blog coverage
- discussion activity and ratings
- recommendation reviews
Article-Level Metrics are available, upon publication, for every article published by PLOS. Researchers can stay up-to-date with their published work and share information about the impact of their publications with collaborators, funders, institutions, and the research community at large. These metrics are also a powerful way to navigate and discover others’ work. Metrics can be customized to address the needs of researchers, publishers, institutional decision-makers, or funders.
Article-Level Metrics are useful to:
Researchers
- Track the impact of your research and share with others (funders, promotion boards, etc.)
- Navigate and filter research to find what is most suited to your needs
- Find collaborators based upon the impact of their work and relevance to yours
- Measure research impact with metrics at the article level, instead of at the traditional journal level
- Search, filter, and aggregate scholarly content based on research impact with metrics at the article level
Research Institutions
- Track dissemination of articles published (types of channels, rate of growth, etc.) by members of the institution
- Access up-to-date information on the research progress of faculty members, useful for tenure and promotion decisions
- View data on downstream impact of publications
- Roll up data for custom reporting of department’s research activities
Funders
- Efficiently track progress of the research impact of grant awardees in an automated fashion with the most relevant signals
- Measure research impact with metrics at the article level, instead of at the traditional journal level
- Measure evidence of wider engagement
- Monitor and enhance engagement from a specific audience
- Identify high-impact research outputs much earlier
- Analyze trends of past and future funding programs
- Conduct network analysis to evaluate researcher communities
Publishers
- Attract authors by offering data on the audience’s research interest
- Track dissemination of articles published (types of channels, rate of growth, etc.)
- Provide content distributors data on downstream impact of publications
- Gain comprehensive understanding of how publications are disseminated and accessed
- Report on the usage of the article in ways that suit your business needs
ALM & the Research Process
Article-Level Metrics are an integral part of the entire research process:


This document is the specification for the Java Card 2.1.1 Application
Programming Interface.
Java Card 2.1.1 API Notes
Referenced Standards
ISO - International Standards Organization
-
Information Technology - Identification cards - integrated circuit cards
with contacts: ISO 7816
-
Information Technology - Security Techniques - Digital Signature Scheme
Giving Message Recovery: ISO 9796
-
Information Technology - Data integrity mechanism using a cryptographic
check function employing a block cipher algorithm: ISO 9797
-
Information technology - Security techniques - Digital signatures with
appendix : ISO 14888
RSA Data Security, Inc.
-
RSA Encryption Standard: PKCS #1 Version 2.0
-
Password-Based Encryption Standard: PKCS #5 Version 1.5
EMV
-
The EMV '96 ICC Specifications for Payments systems Version 3.0
IPSec
-
The Internet Key Exchange ( IKE ) document RFC 2409 (STD 1)
Standard Names for Security and Crypto
-
SHA (also SHA-1): Secure Hash Algorithm, as defined in Secure Hash
Standard,
NIST FIPS 180-1.
-
MD5: The Message Digest algorithm RSA-MD5, as defined by RSA DSI in RFC
1321.
-
RIPEMD-160 : as defined in ISO/IEC 10118-3:1998 Information technology
-- Security techniques -- Hash-functions -- Part 3: Dedicated
hash-functions
-
DSA: Digital Signature Algorithm, as defined in Digital Signature Standard,
NIST FIPS 186.
-
DES: The Data Encryption Standard, as defined by NIST in FIPS 46-1 and
46-2.
-
RSA: The Rivest, Shamir and Adleman Asymmetric Cipher algorithm.
Parameter Checking
Policy
All Java Card API implementations must conform to the Java model of
parameter
checking. That is, the API code should not check for those parameter errors
which the VM is expected to detect. These include all parameter errors,
such as null pointers, index out of bounds, and so forth, that result in
standard runtime exceptions. The runtime exceptions that are thrown by
the Java Card VM are:
-
ArithmeticException
-
ArrayStoreException
-
ClassCastException
-
IndexOutOfBoundsException
-
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
-
NegativeArraySizeException
-
NullPointerException
-
SecurityException
Exceptions to the Policy
In some cases, it may be necessary to explicitly check parameters. These
exceptions to the policy are documented in the Java Card API specification.
A Java Card API implementation must not perform parameter checking with
the intent to avoid runtime exceptions, unless this is clearly specified
by the Java Card API specification.
Note:
If multiple erroneous input parameters exist, any one of several runtime
exceptions will be thrown by the VM. Java programmers rely on this
behavior,
but they do not rely on getting a specific exception. It is not
necessary (nor is it reasonable or practical) to document the precise error
handling for all possible combinations of equivalence classes of erroneous
inputs. The value of this behavior is that the logic error in the calling
program is detected and exposed via the runtime exception mechanism, rather
than being masked by a normal return.


Gateway
BOT
22-Sep-18 01:53 PM
[dscrdeql] <c2k> good to hear that buddz
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[dscrdeql] <c2k> im sure cowboy is working on it today
[dscrdeql] <Zach> I have over 600k EQLI there now..
[dscrdeql] <SwimedDragon> Do you also have some in Agama wallet?
[dscrdeql] <c2k> were you able to request them for transfer out @Zach ?
[dscrdeql] <Zach> I have have more than that in my wallet, I haven’t tried to withdraw yet because everyone was saying it was down
[dscrdeql] <c2k> i tried. got a message that said 'withdrawal is unavailable at this time'
[dscrdeql] <Zach> Yeah that’s what I was hearing was going on. I am out all morning with my kids doing some stuff so I will take a closer look this afternoon
[dscrdeql] <CX-9> same as myself. Should i sell my equaliser or is all withdrawals down?? I just got my new seed and went into withdrawal. its down.
[dscrdeql] <c2k> withdrawal is down. not sure if for other coins or just eqli tho
[dscrdeql] <CX-9> ok thank you @c2k


I got feedback that I was "too technical".
I didn't have enough time to share my ideas.
Presenting is your secret weapon.
It will make you more persuasive.
It will get you noticed (in a good way).
...and it's how you'll get your own startup off the ground one day. :)
No course will make you enjoy public speaking.
But, hopefully, today you will learn about tools that will make you more effective at it.
Overlook any of these three, and your presentation won't be as effective as it should be.
Audience | Story | Delivery
What are the use cases for your presentation?
How can you meet those use cases?
What sort of backgound do they have?
The goal of presenting is to inform and persuade.
Who are you trying to inform?
Who are you trying to persuade?
It's important to keep your audience focused and on-track.
When there are mixed audiences, focus on the people who will benefit most.
Use a "plant". Have an informed audience member that can help you deflect questions or manage discussion.
Knowing your audience is crucial. It can drastically change what you're planning on doing.
Put in the work ahead of time to manage your audience. It will make your presentation more impactful.
If you don't know who they are, why should they be listening to you anyway?
Audience | Story | Delivery
“If you don’t know what you want to achieve in your presentation your audience never will.” - Harvey Diamond
This is a deceptively simple question, especially for engineers.
It's vast and it's got many different facets to it.
It's hard to comprehend without any context.
Your job is to plot a course across for your audience.
Different people have different depths of understanding.
You already know your audience. What's their depth? What do they really need to know?
People are most likely to understand your solution in the context of the problems it solves.
A great tool for making your topic relatable is identifying "the pain".
"The pain" has many forms, but it often translates to lost money and/or time.
What is the issue? What are its impacts?
Is there a solution? How well does it work?
You can overwhelm your audience with the details.
Find the right depth that fits your audience.
Identifying "the pain" your solution eases is a great tool for finding that depth.
Audience | Story | Delivery
“There are always three speeches, for every one you actually gave. The one you practiced, the one you gave, and the one you wish you gave.” – Dale Carnegie
Practice is important, but it can only get you so far. It's really easy to sound like a rehearsed parrot.
What you might need is a paradigm shift.
You're having a conversation.
Conversations are much less stressful (after all, you have them every day).
They imply a dialogue between you and the audience.
They allow for a great deal of flexibility.
People think in terms of stories, not facts.
The easiest way to start into a conversation is to tell a relatable story.
Practice doesn't make perfect. Perfect practice is what you need to practice.
A conversational style of presenting will make you more dynamic and engaging.
Use relatable stories as a tool for bringing your audience in and engaging them with your topic.
Use practice to focus on your delivery instead of memorizing your presentation.
“No one ever complains about a speech being too short!” – Ira Hayes
A framework for thinking about presentations--audience, story, delivery.
Audience: who are they and what do they care about?
Story: Finding the right technical depth.
Delivery: Reframing your presentations as conversations.


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| vec_it (const vec_it< T > &p) |
| |
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vec_it< T > | operator+ (const size_t) const |
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vec_it< T > | operator- (const size_t) const |
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vec_it< T > & | operator+= (const size_t) |
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vec_it< T > & | operator-= (const size_t) |
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vec_it< T > & | operator++ () |
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vec_it< T > | operator++ (int) |
| |
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bool | operator< (const vec_it< T > a) const |
| |
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bool | operator> (const vec_it< T > a) const |
| |
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bool | operator<= (const vec_it< T > a) const |
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bool | operator>= (const vec_it< T > a) const |
| |
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bool | operator!= (const vec_it< T > a) const |
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bool | operator== (const vec_it< T > a) const |
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T & | operator* () |
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T * | operator-> () |
| |
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:


As shown in the following architecture diagram, the JVM is divided into three main subsystems:
Java's dynamic class loading functionality is handled by the ClassLoader subsystem. It loads, links. and initializes the class file when it refers to a class for the first time at runtime, not compile time.
Classes will be loaded by this component. BootStrap ClassLoader, Extension ClassLoader, and Application ClassLoader are the three ClassLoaders that will help in achieving it.
rt.jar
. Highest priority will be given to this loader.ext
folder (jre\lib
).The above ClassLoaders will follow Delegation Hierarchy Algorithm while loading the class files.
This is the final phase of ClassLoading; here, all static variables will be assigned with the original values, and the static block will be executed.
Run-time constant pool is created out of the method area and it is created by JVM when a class or interface is created.
A run-time constant pool is a per-class or per-interface run-time representation of the constant_pool
table in a class file.
It contains several kinds of constants, ranging from numeric literals known at compile-time to method and field references that must be resolved at run-time.
All the class-level data will be stored here, including static variables. There is only one method area per JVM, and it is a shared resource. In general, method area is a logical part of heap area. But that is left to the JVM implementers to decide.
All the Objects and their corresponding instance variables and arrays will be stored here. There is also one Heap Area per JVM. Since the Method and Heap areas share memory for multiple threads, the data stored is not thread-safe.
Each Java Virtual Machine thread has a private Java Virtual Machine stack, created at the same time as the thread. The stack area is thread-safe since it is not a shared resource.
A Java Virtual Machine stack stores frames. For every method call, one entry will be made in the stack memory which is called Stack Frame. The Stack Frame is divided into three subentities:
A program counter (PC) Register is created every time a new thread is created. Each thread will have separate PC Registers, to hold the address of current executing instruction. Once the instruction is executed the PC register will be updated with the next instruction.
PC hold the address of current executing instruction
Native Method Stack holds native method information. For every thread, a separate native method stack will be created.
These six JVM run-time memory areas can be broadly classified into two groups,
The execution engine reads the Java Byte code in the unit of instruction. It is like a CPU executing the machine command one by one. Each command of the byte code consists of a 1-byte OpCode and additional Operand. The execution engine gets one OpCode and execute task with the Operand, and then executes the next OpCode. Execution engine mainly contain 2 parts.
Whenever any java program is executing at the first time interpreter will comes into picture and it converts one by one byte code instruction into machine level instruction. JIT compiler (just in time compiler) will comes into picture from the second time onward if the same java program is executing and it gives the machine level instruction to the process which are available in the buffer memory. The main aim of JIT compiler is to speed up the execution of java program.
It is responsible to read byte code and interpret into machine code (native code) and execute that machine code line by line. The problem with interpret is it interprets every time even some method invoked multiple times which effects performance of the system. To overcome this problem SUN people introduced JIT compilers in 1.1 V.
The JIT compiler has been introduced to compensate for the disadvantages of the interpreter. The main purpose of JIT compiler is to improve the performance. Internally JIT compiler maintains a separate count for every method. Whenever JVM across any method call, first that method will be interpreted normally by the interpreter and JIT compiler increments the corresponding count variable.
This process will be continued for every method once if any method count reaches thread hold value then JIT compiler identifies that method is a repeatedly used method (Hotspot) and immediately JIT compiler compiles that method and generates corresponding native code. Next time JVM come across that method call then JVM directly uses native code and executes it instead of interpreting once again, so that performance of the system will be improved. Threshold is varied from JVM to JVM. Some advanced JIT compilers will recompile generated native code if count reaches threshold value second time so that more optimized code will be generated.
Profiler which is the part of JIT compiler is responsible to identify Hotspot (Repeated Used Methods).
JVM interprets total program line by line at least once. JIT compilation is applicable only for repeatedly invoked method but not for every method.
For each type it loads, a Java Virtual Machine must store the following kinds of information in the method area:
java.lang.Object
, neither of which have a superclass)
public
, abstract
, final
)In addition to the basic type information listed above, the virtual machine must also store for each loaded type:
ClassLoader
Class
java.lang.Class
is created by the Java Virtual Machine for every type it loads.
The virtual machine must in some way associate a reference to the Class
instance for a type with the type's data in the method area.
Class
objects.
Class.forName("java.lang.String");
obj.getClass();
Class
object, you can find out information about the type by invoking methods declared in class Class
.
If you look at these methods, you will quickly realize that class Class
gives the running application access to the information stored in the method area.
Frames are allocated from the Java Virtual Machine stack.
A new frame is created each time a method is invoked. A frame is destroyed when its method invocation completes, whether that completion is normal or abrupt (it throws an uncaught exception). 笔记：这里主要讲frame和method之间的关系。对于method的调用，会生成一个frame；当method执行结束，相应的frame会销毁掉。
Each frame has its own array of local variables, its own operand stack, and a reference to the run-time constant pool of the class of the current method.
The sizes of the local variable array and the operand stack are determined at compile-time and are supplied along with the code for the method associated with the frame.
The stack frame has three parts: local variables, operand stack, and frame data.
Each frame contains an array of variables known as its local variables.
A single local variable can hold a value of type boolean
, byte
, char
, short
, int
, float
, reference
, or returnAddress
.
A pair of local variables can hold a value of type long
or double
.
The length of the local variable array of a frame is determined at compile-time and supplied in the binary representation of a class or interface along with the code for the method associated with the frame. 笔记：local variable，它的整体长度，是在compile-time决定的。
Local variables are addressed by indexing. The index of the first local variable is zero. An integer is considered to be an index into the local variable array if and only if that integer is between zero and one less than the size of the local variable array. 笔记：local variable，取值和赋值，是通过索引来完成的。它的索引，是从0开始的。
The Java Virtual Machine uses local variables to pass parameters on method invocation.
On class method invocation, any parameters are passed in consecutive local variables starting from local variable 0
.
On instance method invocation, local variable 0
is always used to pass a reference to the object
on which the instance method is being invoked (this
in the Java programming language).
Any parameters are subsequently passed in consecutive local variables starting from local variable 1
.
笔记：local variable，它的作用，是传递方法调用的参数。
A value of type long
or type double
occupies two consecutive local variables.
Such a value may only be addressed using the lesser index.
For example, a value of type double
stored in the local variable array at index n
actually
occupies the local variables with indices n
and n+1
;
however, the local variable at index n+1
cannot be loaded from. It can be stored into.
However, doing so invalidates the contents of local variable n
.
笔记：local variable，它对于long和double类型的特殊处理。
Each frame contains a last-in-first-out (LIFO) stack known as its operand stack.
Each entry on the operand stack can hold a value of any Java Virtual Machine type, including a value of type long
or type double
.
At any point in time, an operand stack has an associated depth,
where a value of type long
or double
contributes two units to the depth
and a value of any other type contributes one unit.
The maximum depth of the operand stack of a frame is determined at compile-time and is supplied along with the code for the method associated with the frame. 笔记：operand stack，它的整体大小，是在compile-time决定的。
The operand stack is empty when the frame that contains it is created. The Java Virtual Machine supplies instructions to load constants or values from local variables or fields onto the operand stack. Other Java Virtual Machine instructions take operands from the operand stack, operate on them, and push the result back onto the operand stack. The operand stack is also used to prepare parameters to be passed to methods and to receive method results. 笔记：operand stack，它的刚开始的时候，是空的，不存在任何数据。
For example, the iadd
instruction adds two int
values together.
It requires that the int
values to be added be the top two values of the operand stack, pushed there by previous instructions.
Both of the int
values are popped from the operand stack.
They are added, and their sum is pushed back onto the operand stack.
笔记：operand stack，这里以iadd进行举例。
Values from the operand stack must be operated upon in ways appropriate to their types.
It is not possible, for example, to push two int
values and subsequently treat them as a long
or to push two float
values and subsequently add them with an iadd
instruction.
A small number of Java Virtual Machine instructions (the dup
instructions and swap
) operate on run-time data areas as raw values without regard to their specific types; these instructions are defined in such a way that they cannot be used to modify or break up individual values.
These restrictions on operand stack manipulation are enforced through class file verification.
笔记：operand stack，在使用的过程中，应保持value和opcode的类型一致。
In addition to the local variables and operand stack, the Java stack frame includes data to support constant pool resolution, normal method return, and exception dispatch. This data is stored in the frame data portion of the Java stack frame.
Many instructions in the Java virtual machine's instruction set refer to entries in the constant pool.
Some instructions merely push constant values of type int
, long
, float
, double
, or String
from the constant pool onto the operand stack.
Some instructions use constant pool entries to refer to classes or arrays to instantiate, fields to access, or methods to invoke.
Other instructions determine whether a particular object is a descendant of a particular class or interface specified by a constant pool entry.
笔记：这里围绕着frame data中的constant pool resolution展开。
Whenever the Java virtual machine encounters any of the instructions that refer to an entry in the constant pool, it uses the frame data's pointer to the constant pool to access that information. References to types, fields, and methods in the constant pool are initially symbolic. When the virtual machine looks up a constant pool entry that refers to a class, interface, field, or method, that reference may still be symbolic. If so, the virtual machine must resolve the reference at that time. 笔记：这里围绕着frame data中的constant pool resolution展开。
Aside from constant pool resolution, the frame data must assist the virtual machine in processing a normal or abrupt method completion.
If a method completes normally (by returning), the virtual machine must restore the stack frame of the invoking method.
It must set the pc
register to point to the instruction in the invoking method that follows the instruction that invoked the completing method.
If the completing method returns a value, the virtual machine must push that value onto the operand stack of the invoking method.
笔记：这里围绕着frame data中的normal method completion展开。
The frame data must also contain some kind of reference to the method's exception table, which the virtual machine uses to process any exceptions thrown during the course of execution of the method. An exception table, defines ranges within the bytecodes of a method that are protected by catch clauses. Each entry in an exception table gives a starting and ending position of the range protected by a catch clause, an index into the constant pool that gives the exception class being caught, and a starting position of the catch clause's code. 笔记：这里围绕着frame data中的abrupt method completion展开。
import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; public class HelloWorld { public void test() { try { FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream("/path/to/file"); int b = fin.read(); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { System.out.println("File Not Found Exception"); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("IOException"); } } }
constant_pool_count='0037' (55) constant_pool ...... |006| CONSTANT_Class {Value='java/io/FileNotFoundException', HexCode='070025'} ...... |010| CONSTANT_Class {Value='java/io/IOException', HexCode='07002B'} ...... |016| CONSTANT_Utf8 {Value='Code', HexCode='010004436F6465'} ...... attributes_count='0001' (1) attributes --->|000| Code: HexCode:<PHONE_NUMBER>B10003000300000028BB0002591203B700044C2BB600053DA700184CB200071208B60009A7000C4CB2...... attribute_name_index='0010' (#16) attribute_length='000000B1' (177) max_stack='0003' (3) max_locals='0003' (3) code_length='00000028' (40) code: BB0002591203B700044C2BB600053DA700184CB200071208B60009A7000C4CB2 0007120BB60009B1 exception_table_length='0002' (2) exception_table[0] { start_pc='0000' (0) end_pc='000F' (15) handler_pc='0012' (18) catch_type='0006' (#6) } exception_table[1] { start_pc='0000' (0) end_pc='000F' (15) handler_pc='001E' (30) catch_type='000A' (#10) } attributes_count='0003' (3) LineNumberTable:<PHONE_NUMBER>2600090000000A000A000B000F00100012000C0013000D001B0010001E000E001F000F00270011 LocalVariableTable:<PHONE_NUMBER>2A0004000A000500160017000100130008001800190001001F00080018001A000100000028001300140000 StackMapTable: 001B0000000B00035207001C4B07001D08
=== === === === === === === === === Method test:()V === === === === === === === === === max_stack = 3 max_locals = 3 code_length = 40 code = BB0002591203B700044C2BB600053DA700184CB200071208B60009A7000C4CB20007120BB60009B1 Exception Table: from to target type 0 15 18 java/io/FileNotFoundException 0 15 30 java/io/IOException === === === === === === === === === 0000: new #2 // BB0002 || java/io/FileInputStream 0003: dup // 59 0004: ldc #3 // 1203 || /path/to/file 0006: invokespecial #4 // B70004 || java/io/FileInputStream.<init>:(Ljava/lang/String;)V 0009: astore_1 // 4C 0010: aload_1 // 2B 0011: invokevirtual #5 // B60005 || java/io/FileInputStream.read:()I 0014: istore_2 // 3D 0015: goto 24 // A70018 0018: astore_1 // 4C 0019: getstatic #7 // B20007 || java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream; 0022: ldc #8 // 1208 || File Not Found Exception 0024: invokevirtual #9 // B60009 || java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V 0027: goto 12 // A7000C 0030: astore_1 // 4C 0031: getstatic #7 // B20007 || java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream; 0034: ldc #11 // 120B || IOException 0036: invokevirtual #9 // B60009 || java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V 0039: return // B1 === === === === === === === === === LocalVariableTable: index start_pc length name_and_type 0 0 40 this:Lsample/HelloWorld; 1 10 5 fin:Ljava/io/FileInputStream; 1 19 8 e:Ljava/io/FileNotFoundException; 1 31 8 e:Ljava/io/IOException;
When a method throws an exception, the Java virtual machine uses the exception table referred to by the frame data to determine how to handle the exception. If the virtual machine finds a matching catch clause in the method's exception table, it transfers control to the beginning of that catch clause. If the virtual machine doesn't find a matching catch clause, the method completes abruptly. The virtual machine uses the information in the frame data to restore the invoking method's frame. It then rethrows the same exception in the context of the invoking method. 笔记：这里围绕着frame data中的abrupt method completion展开。
In addition to data to support constant pool resolution, normal method return, and exception dispatch, the stack frame may also include other information that is implementation dependent, such as data to support debugging. 笔记：这里是说frame data中，可能还包含一些与具体implementation相关的数据。


The most advanced costumer support tools with a simple
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CloudFront Distribution DistributionConfig
DistributionConfig
is a property of the AWS::CloudFront::Distribution
property that describes which Amazon CloudFront origin servers to get your files from
when users
request the files through your website or application.
Syntax
JSON
{ "Aliases" : [
String, ...
], "CacheBehaviors" : [CacheBehavior, ...
], "Comment" :String
, "CustomErrorResponses" : [CustomErrorResponse, ...
], "DefaultCacheBehavior" :DefaultCacheBehavior
, "DefaultRootObject" :String
, "Enabled" :Boolean
, "HttpVersion" :String
, "IPV6Enabled" :Boolean
, "Logging" :Logging
, "Origins" : [Origin, ...
], "PriceClass" :String
, "Restrictions" :Restriction
, "ViewerCertificate" :ViewerCertificate
, "WebACLId" :String
}
YAML
Aliases: -
String
CacheBehaviors: -CacheBehavior
Comment:String
CustomErrorResponses: -CustomErrorResponse
DefaultCacheBehavior:DefaultCacheBehavior
DefaultRootObject:String
Enabled:Boolean
HttpVersion:String
IPV6Enabled:Boolean
Logging:Logging
Origins: -Origin
PriceClass:String
Restrictions:Restriction
ViewerCertificate:ViewerCertificate
WebACLId:String
Properties
Aliases
-
CNAMEs (alternate domain names), if any, for the distribution.
Required: No
Type: List of String values
Update requires: No interruption
CacheBehaviors
-
A list of CacheBehavior types for the distribution.
Required: No
Type: List of CloudFront Distribution CacheBehavior
Update requires: No interruption
Comment
-
Any comments that you want to include about the distribution. Optional.
When you create a distribution, you can include a comment of up to 128 characters. You can update the comment at any time.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: No interruption
CustomErrorResponses
-
Whether CloudFront replaces HTTP status codes in the
4xx
and5xx
range with custom error messages before returning the response to the viewer.Required: No
Type List of CloudFront Distribution CustomErrorResponse
Update requires: No interruption
DefaultCacheBehavior
-
The default cache behavior that is triggered if you do not specify the
CacheBehavior
property or if files don't match any of the values ofPathPattern
in theCacheBehavior
property.Required: Yes
Type: DefaultCacheBehavior type
Update requires: No interruption
DefaultRootObject
-
The object (such as
index.html
) that you want CloudFront to request from your origin when the root URL for your distribution (such ashttp://example.com/
) is requested.Note
Specifying a default root object avoids exposing the contents of your distribution.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: No interruption
Enabled
-
Controls whether the distribution is enabled to accept end user requests for content.
Required: Yes
Type: Boolean
Update requires: No interruption
HttpVersion
-
The latest HTTP version that viewers can use to communicate with CloudFront. Viewers that don't support the latest version automatically use an earlier HTTP version. By default, AWS CloudFormation specifies
http1.1
.For valid values, see the
HttpVersion
content for the DistributionConfig data type in the Amazon CloudFront API Reference.Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: No interruption
IPV6Enabled
-
If you want CloudFront to respond to IPv6 DNS requests with an IPv6 address for your distribution, specify
true
. If you specifyfalse
, CloudFront responds to IPv6 DNS requests with the DNS response codeNOERROR
and with no IP addresses. This allows viewers to submit a second request, for an IPv4 address for your distribution. For more information and usage guidance, see CreateDistribution in the Amazon CloudFront API Reference.Required: No
Type: Boolean
Update requires: No interruption
Logging
-
Controls whether access logs are written for the distribution. To turn on access logs, specify this property.
Required: No
Type: Logging type
Update requires: No interruption
Origins
-
A list of origins for this CloudFront distribution. For each origin, you can specify whether it is an Amazon S3 or custom origin.
Required: Yes
Type: List of Origins.
Update requires: No interruption
PriceClass
-
The price class that corresponds with the maximum price that you want to pay for the CloudFront service. For more information, see Choosing the Price Class in the Amazon CloudFront Developer Guide.
For more information about the valid values, see the
PriceClass
content for the DistributionConfig data type in the Amazon CloudFront API Reference.Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: No interruption
Restrictions
-
Specifies restrictions on who or how viewers can access your content.
Required: No
Type: CloudFront Distribution Restrictions
Update requires: No interruption
ViewerCertificate
-
The certificate to use when viewers use HTTPS to request objects.
Required: No
Type: CloudFront Distribution ViewerCertificate
Update requires: No interruption
WebACLId
-
The AWS WAF web ACL to associate with this distribution. AWS WAF is a web application firewall that enables you to monitor the HTTP and HTTPS requests that are forwarded to CloudFront and to control who can access your content. CloudFront permits or forbids requests based on conditions that you specify, such as the IP addresses from which requests originate or the values of query strings.
Required: No
Type: String
Update requires: No interruption


About Me
M.Sc. in Engineering Physics. Machine learning engineer at Ekkono Solutions, doing a little bit of everything.
Place of residence: Varberg, Sweden.
@ Ekkono
Predictive maintenance on Öresundsbron
Winner of Husqvarna Sustainovate open 2020
Machine learning for climate control (in Swedish)
Research interest
Interested in streaming algorithms for signal processing and machine learning.
How do we solve X?
Topics
- Machine learning
- Signal processing
- Transform theory
- Time series analysis
- Quality statistics
- Stochastic simulation
- Computational science
Goals
Machine learning is a force multiplier for engineers such as myself. However, the field is still immature when it comes to traditional industrial applications. It tries to make the problems fit the mould of a static classification problem, which is fine for a subset of problems - but not for the vast majority.
The solution is simple. We can not have the data scientist calling the shots when it comes to applying machine learning in the domain of the engineer. It is time to adopt the techniques and turn them into new tools for the engineering toolbelt.
My goal is to help build these new tools.


#zotzotzot
{{ education.name }}
{{ education.position }}
{{ education.position2 }}
{{ education.period }}


| Upgrades | Price |
|---|---|
Doubles hobo income |
|
Doubles nerd income |
|
Doubles donator income |
|
Doubles prostitude income |
|
|
takes all your money and have a 50% chance of doubleing it |
| Feed |
|---|
| Worker | Description | Price | Amount |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hobo | Hire a hobo to give you money | ||
| Nerd | Hustle a nerd to give you his lunch money | ||
| Donater | Promise a stupid kid some diamonds for money | ||
| Prostitute | All yours! But she still takes money so its a baad idea... |


I am a 5th year Phd student in Computer Science at Brown University, advised by Daniel Ritchie. My research revolves around 3D shapes and scenes: bridging computer graphics and machine learning, I design data-driven algorithms that automate the process of generating 3D shapes and scenes, investigate strategies to make these algorithms more powerful and user friendly, and explore opportunies to apply these algorithms in related tasks in computer vision, robotics and beyond.
I spent my undergraduate time at Williams College, where I enjoyed all the exposures in music theory, studio arts, cognitive science, and many other things (including the mountains).
I am looking for post-docs and full time industry research positions that start after winter 2022. I am not seeking any internships for now.
- The word "ether" has NOTHING to do with ethereum. I've been using it long before crypto became mainstream. I stand firmly against all cryptocurrencies due to their immense negative impact on the global climate.


Grenada spending millions to build toilets, bathrooms
ST GEORGE'S, Grenada (CMC) – The Grenada Government, through the Ministry of Social Development and Housing will be embarking on a project that will give grants to thousands of people, currently using pit latrines to enable them to construct bathrooms and toilets with potable water.
According to Delma Thomas, the minister for social development and housing, funding for the project will be through the additional EC$5 million allocated to her ministry in the 2020 budget which is currently being debated in Parliament.
“Inside bathrooms are basic human rights. Recently, we are seeing a significant shift from pit latrines to toilets and bathrooms. It is a health hazard and we must get rid of health hazards in our communities,” she said, while deliberating on the programmes of her ministry as part of the budget debate.
She indicated that there will be challenges to implementing the projects for some homeowners because there will be issues with land ownership for erecting these concrete structures because not everyone owns the land where the homes are located.
The plan is to install 10,000 toilets and bathrooms throughout the island.
Grenada, as a signatory to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, is committed to achieving Goal 6 which focuses on clean water and sanitation.
That goal requires states to provide access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all, and an end to open defecation, with special attention paid to the needs of women and girls, and those in vulnerable situations.
The sale of latrine units will be among licensing fees that Government will be taking measures to repeal in 2020.
November 19 was observed globally as World Toilet Day. The theme this year was 'Leaving no one behind'. The theme was very relevant to the task of tackling the global sanitation crisis and in helping to achieve Goal 6 of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals of ensuring “sanitation for all by the year 2030”.


Name : Aahel Guha
Age : 20 y.o.
Gender : Male
Hometown : Kolkata
About Me :
An Engineering Student from IIIT Bhubaneswar
(B.Tech, Batch of 2019).
A tech-geek who loves to write code from scratch
A programmer, cricketer and a dreamer!

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Student Media At Kent State
The Mission of Student Media
Kent State Student Media produces six award-winning magazines with subjects including arts and poetry, fashion, minority, and campus issues. The Kent Stater is the premier source for news around campus. Each magazine has a circulation of 4,000+ and the Stater reaches 15,000 individuals. Advertising with Kent State Student Media is an excellent way to make sure you reach the farthest corners of your audience.
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This is going to be a paragraph about advertising with Student Media. Yay!


Derek Eder
@derekeder
RT @chihacknight: Congrats to all the winners of the 2018 Hackies!
From the left:
@drevets
@cookcountytech
@ChicagoBWP
@TomDart
@ChicagoDo…
5/9/2018, 1:06:30 PM
Favs: 0
Retweets: 0
link← @derekeder Twitter archive
Derek Eder
@derekeder
RT @chihacknight: Congrats to all the winners of the 2018 Hackies!
From the left:
@drevets
@cookcountytech
@ChicagoBWP
@TomDart
@ChicagoDo…
5/9/2018, 1:06:30 PM
Favs: 0
Retweets: 0
link


Alexander Kholodnykh
Backend Developer
Linkedin
Specialising in web crawling, processes automation, server tasks solving. As a member of the team is responsible for searching spider development and finding information about goods and prices. 9 years of commercial development background.


--- layout: post title: How your personality type affects your development ---
During one of my more recent interviews I got an assesment from two different persons. While I still have no idea about the definitive outcome, the different types of questions they both asked triggered me to think about what kind of personality type they would be, so I started wondering how personality types are related to development....
Before we can determine the effect of your personality on your development, we will start by defining MBTI, so let us begin with the wikipedia definition:
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) assessment is a psychometric questionnaire designed to measure psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions.
They do this by categorizing your personality in four dimensions; your gradation in every dimension is not a boolean, but rather a range (i.e. -1 to +1).
I will describe each of the four dimensions in detail, and explain how they impact your development:
Attitude is about the way evolve an idea and get inspired: some get inspired by doing and experimenting, while others get inspired by thinking about things.

The second dimension is about how we percieve things... Some need to see the details (sensing), other just have a general sense (i.e. intuition) of what it is supposed to do. This has obviously a rather big impact in the way that we write code...
I quite honestly have not met a single developer who was a "feeling" type; every single one I met was a rational type (which is kind of a logical thing - pun intended).
A lot of recruiters on the other hand, are usually a "feeling" type, hence this is probably a part of the problem I stated in one of my previous blog posts.
The final one is about which one of #2 and #3 you use the most to interact with the world: your "judging" or your "percieving part".
When having an interview, it usually helps if the interviewer's personality matches the interviewee's as much as possible... There are compatibility matrices available for MBTI types which also mention opposites (f.e. my wife is my MBTI opposite), but I think this is not an advantage when doing an interview.
As an ENTP myself, I met two interviewers, and based on their questions I would guess that the first interviewer was an ISTP and the second one an INTP. (Not sure about the first letter, as interviewers tend to be intraverted during an interview.)
It does not take a genious to find out in which interview I performed best...
Update: I got pinged by both an INFP and an INFJ, so apparently the F part is still there for some developers. Next to this I misjudged my interviewers; they are ISTJ and ESTJ.. My bad!!! (but in my defense, the second one still matches my profile better then the first one....)
I also received some food for thought from Rob Ashton:
@tojans don't think I agree with I/E - I think N/S is the biggest factor for dev, followed by J/P and I/E is about how you interact
— 'Hurricane Rob' (@RobAshton) november 17, 2012
If you are a developer, this should give you a general idea of the MBTI type you are exactly. If you really want to find out, there is a short free questionaire online to determine your MBTI type here.
On a sidenote, it would be great if the interviewers would be willing to send me a message whether I am correct or not with my guesstimate...
Signing off,
Tom


Qatar to charter cruise ships to accommodate World Cup fans
Two vessels offering 4,000 cabins will act as floating hotels during the month-long football tournament in 2022.
Qatar will charter two cruise liners to accommodate visiting football fans during the 2022 FIFA World Cup as it prepares to host the global football tournament for the first time in the Middle East.
The Supreme Committee for Delivery and Legacy, which is tasked with the preparations for the month-long event, signed an agreement with the Swiss-based European company MSC Cruises on Monday, earmarking the ships with a combined capacity of 4,000 cabins.
The vessels, berthed at the Doha port in the Qatari capital, will act as floating hotels during the tournament, a statement on its website said.
More:
-
World Cup 2022: Qatar to welcome fans from blockading countries
-
Qatar 2022 World Cup stadiums: All you need to know
-
A room with a view at Qatar's Al Bayt Stadium
"We are pleased to collaborate with MSC Cruises to deliver this unique accommodation option for fans in 2022," Hassan al-Thawadi, secretary-general for the Supreme Committee for Delivery and Legacy, said.
"We are sure fans from all over the world will be excited at the prospect of staying on board a cruise ship, with a fabulous view of West Bay, and fast access to all the stadiums and fan zones," he added.
Shuttle buses will be arranged to take fans from the cruise ships to Qatar's transport infrastructure, including the country's first-ever metro service, which started partial operations earlier this year.
In addition to floating hotels, other accommodation options will include hotels, apartments and fan villages, the statement said.
Qatar's Supreme Committee said it has completed more than 75 percent of the preparations for the tournament, including two stadiums: Khalifa International in Doha and Al Janoub in the southern city of Al Wakrah.
Construction for six other stadiums with advanced open-air cooling technology is also under way.
The 32-team tournament kicks on November 21, 2022, and will run until December 18 - breaking with tradition with a winter schedule as it looks to avoid the scorching Doha summer heat.


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| 090:014 Khan | : |
Or giving food in a day of hunger (famine), |
| 090:014 Maulana | : |
Or to feed in a day of hunger |
| 090:014 Pickthal | : |
And to feed in the day of hunger. |
| 090:014 Rashad | : |
Feeding, during the time of hardship. |
| 090:014 Sarwar | : |
or, in a day of famine, the feeding of |
| 090:014 Shakir | : |
Or the giving of food in a day of hunger |
| 090:014 Sherali | : |
Or, feeding on a day of hunger |
| 090:014 Yusufali | : |
Or the giving of food in a day of privation |
Concepts/Themes Covered: الإنسان والعلاقات الأخلاقية > الأخلاق الحميدة > الإيثار Man and The Moral Relations> Good Morals>Unselfishness الإنسان والعلاقات الأخلاقية > الأخلاق الحميدة > (القِرى (إكرام الضيف Man and The Moral Relations> Good Morals>Hospitability الإنسان والعلاقات الاجتماعية > اليتامى > إكرامهم Man and The Social Relations>The Orphans>Honouring Them
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
10 to 30 mins
Serves
Serves 4
For the chicken escalopes, place a chicken breast onto a cling film-lined board and cover with cling film. Using a meat hammer or rolling pin, bash the chicken until it is just 5mm thick.
Remove from the cling film and season with salt and freshly ground black pepper. Repeat with the remaining chicken.
Scatter the flour over a plate along with salt and freshly ground black pepper, to taste. Place the eggs in a bowl and lightly beat, and tip the breadcrumbs onto another plate. Dust each chicken breast in the flour, then dip in the egg and finally coat each side with the breadcrumbs.
For the caper sauce, heat the olive oil and butter in a large frying pan, then add the chicken breasts, one at a time, and fry until golden-brown and completely cooked through (about 2 minutes on each side). Remove with a fish slice and drain on several layers of kitchen paper.
Add the shallots and garlic to the pan and fry for one minute. Add the gherkins and capers and cook for a further minute. Season with salt and black pepper, to taste, and add the parsley.
For the courgettes, heat the olive oil and butter in a pan and add the courgettes and rosemary. Sauté for 3-4 minutes until just turning golden-brown and starting to soften. Add the tomatoes and cook for a further two minutes. Season with salt and freshly ground black black pepper, to taste.
Serve the chicken with the caper sauce spooned over and a pile of courgettes and tomatoes on the side.


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113488-general/topic/unused.20arguments.html ---
I created a script that prints all declarations with unused arguments:
https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib/blob/sanity_check/src/tactic/sanity_check.lean#L97
The output of this command is here:
https://gist.github.com/fpvandoorn/04837ea7f20479bcac9a99539d2c17b3
Many of these declarations are "wrong" in some way: maybe a type class argument occurs more than once, maybe a declaration is given with unnecessary assumptions (which is not always bad, but sometimes it is), maybe a declaration should really be in a different theory (e.g. this should probably be proven for an arbitrary type, not an arbitrary topological space)
Is anyone interested in going through this list and cleaning stuff up? If not, I'll do it at some point, but that will probably take a while.
There is some noise in this list: there are some automatically generated declarations and there are some declarations where you really want an unused argument (for example a user command with argument (meta_info : decl_meta_info)
).
There are 653 declarations in mathlib that have unused arguments. This is after removing all declarations that are "internal" and most (but not all) automatically generated declarations.
Could you post an issue on GitHub with that list of declarations? I can imagine it will take a while to get it all fixed -- it would be easier to track incremental progress there.
I wonder what percentage are unnecessary type class arguments?
From looking manually at a bunch of them: most of them are.
Any way for your tool to check lemmas that have too many or too few implicit arguments?
Looking at the algebra ones I think it's difficult to argue that these are "incorrect"; in fact for some of them I don't understand the output at all.
-- ring_theory\ideals.lean #print ideal.is_coprime_self -- [2, 5]
what does [2,5] mean here? The theorem is about x being coprime to x and this is surely meaningless unless x is in an algebraic structure like a commutative ring. The [2] seems to point to comm_ring and the 5 to the coprime thing. I am confused.
-- ring_theory\localization.lean #print localization.r -- [4]
This one is saying that you don't need a submonoid to define a certain relation. This is like saying that if we have a group G and a subgroup H then we can define a binary relation on G by g1 R g2 iff g1/g2 is in H, but ha ha, we don't strictly speaking need that H is a subgroup -- it's just that we will never use this relation unless H is a subgroup.
Similar story here, and probably for a lot of other algebra stuff:
-- ring_theory\ideal_operations.lean #print ideal.map -- [6]
if you have a map between rings then you can push ideals forward, and yes, strictly speaking, it doesn't have to be an unbundled ring hom, but when everything is bundled do we want this map between rings to be a ring hom or a random map of sets? It will always be a ring hom. Is there still some CS-related justification for removing the assumption?
It makes all theorems using the definition shorter, and it proves for free that the choice of witness to H being a subgroup doesn't matter
So I would definitely try to avoid "hygiene arguments" that are there only because that's the area of math we are interested in today
ideal.is_coprime_self
takes an x
and a y
and proves x
is coprime to x
iff x
is a unit. That's pretty clear cut
it also has two comm_ring
assumptions
aah I had misunderstood [2,5]
I don't see the two comm_ring
assumptions
so maybe I'm miscounting instead
theorem ideal.is_coprime_self : ∀ {α : Type u} [_inst_1 : comm_ring α] [_inst_2 : comm_ring α] (x : α), α → (is_coprime x x ↔ is_unit x)
I still don't see it :-/
[_inst_1 : comm_ring α] [_inst_2 : comm_ring α]
If you are asking why it acquired a duplicate assumption, it's probably because one is explicitly in the statement and the other is a variable
in the section
it's on line 15
I can see that mem_span_pair
, is_coprime_def
, is_coprime_self
all make the same mistake of writing [comm_ring α]
even though it's already included
what does [2,5] mean here?
From the Gist:
The list after each declaration gives all the positions of the unused arguments (starting at 1). E.g. [2] means that the second argument is unused.
Nice job, Floris. The list is really striking.
This one is saying that you don't need a submonoid to define a certain relation. This is like saying that if we have a group G and a subgroup H then we can define a binary relation on G by g1 R g2 iff g1/g2 is in H, but ha ha, we don't strictly speaking need that H is a subgroup -- it's just that we will never use this relation unless H is a subgroup.
I'm ambivalent about this issue myself. I relate with both your and Mario's argument. If we're going through this list, we don't have to remove all the unused arguments.
Actually, Georges got a lot of mileage in the math components library by defining things in greater generality than you might think you would need. For example, you can take quotients G / H even if H is not a normal subgroup (maybe not even a subgroup?). IIRC it is defined as N_G(H) / H, where N_G(H) is the normalizer of H in G. So the construction makes sense and coincides with the usual one when H is normal in G. But doing things in greater generality meant that there were often less side conditions to check when writing proofs.
I am not saying that deleting unused arguments will be genuinely helpful in all cases on Floris' list, only that you might be surprised.
Any way for your tool to check lemmas that have too many or too few implicit arguments?
I can try that next. The main problem is that we don't have universal rules for which arguments should be implicit, and it's hard to say which decisions are "mistakes". For example, we treat declarations proving iff
different than declarations prove eq
:
lemma sub_right_comm (a b c : α) : a - b - c = a - c - b theorem inv_eq_one {a : α} : a⁻¹ = 1 ↔ a = 1 theorem mul_left_inj [left_cancel_semigroup α] (a : α) {b c : α} : a * b = a * c ↔ b = c
I can try to write a tactic that finds choices that are "obviously wrong". If you have ideas to decide which kinds of choices are wrong, then please tell me.
The rule is that if it's an iff then it should be implicit if it appears on both sides of the iff. That is, iffs are treated as a pair of implications, and are implicit if they would be implicit in both one-directional versions
However, there are a lot of equalities that have all implicit args as well - I think Johannes likes this style as it appears a lot in topology and lattices - and I don't know if we should take a stance for or against it
stuff like inf_le_left
are almost always used with inferred arguments, but the standard rule would have them take explicit args
I have also sometimes been surprised by choices regarding implicit / explicit variables in the library. I am curious to know if others think we should adopt more rigid policies.
Does Johannes like to use implicit arguments in identities so that he can call simp
with foo.symm
? Or write foo.trans bar
? Or is there some other reason?
might this be the cause of some slowness?
Nice work @Floris van Doorn !
Btw, anyone else got stomach aches from the folder separators being slanted the wrong way?
I think I might have been guilty of this myself, but I am pretty sure it is safe to delete (meta_info : decl_meta_info)
from a user command---lean knows still understands, and it's less confusing. (Assuming the tactic doesn't use this information...)
On the other hand an unused (_ : parse (tk "blah"))
obviously can't be dropped---but probably your program can ignore arguments which have placeholder _
names?
Nice job, Floris. The list is really striking.
I'm not surprised at all. The variable mechanism is great, but it's clearly leading to this situation as soon as you start building a significant library about anything. I was already asking for this tool more than one year ago. Thanks Floris! I'll try to find time to participate in this argument hunting in topology at least.
I located the cause of my confusion -- I was checking these things in the schemes project, which has a version of mathlib from March. In March the definition looked like this:
ideal.is_coprime_self : ∀ {α : Type u_1} [_inst_2 : comm_ring α] (x : α), α → (ideal.is_coprime x x ↔ is_unit x)
hence why I asked about [2,5] -- there are only four inputs, I wondered if ideal.is_coprime
counted somehow.
So presumably since March someone threw in an extra variable somewhere completely unrelated and the problem then appeared.
@Kevin Buzzard On the March version of that declaration my output would probably be [4]
, since there is still a erroneous second argument of type α
in the lemma.
Kenny Lau: might this be the cause of some slowness?
Probably not in any significant way.
@Keeley Hoek That's good to know. I always copy-pasted it thinking it was necessary. In that case, when cleaning up this list, we can also go through these arguments.
Kevin Buzzard On the March version of that declaration my output would probably be
[4]
, since there is still a erroneous second argument of typeα
in the lemma.
Yes exactly. That's why I was totally confused earlier :-)
Re: the argument that in the odd order project they worked with more generality. It would not surprise me if, after removing the condition that S be a submonoid in the definition of localisation R S, one found several other lemmas which happened not to use the fact that S was a submonoid. I can see that this is a change which gets computer scientists excited, but after The Big Refactor, when submonoids are bundled, one will just end up bundling S back into being a submonoid -- either that or one will have a lot of coercions from submonoid to set (and some other thread started today seemed to indicate that there might be problems here, although they might be specific to submodules, I'm not sure).
On the other hand, in that example we do use that R
is a ring, but we shouldn't. Because now we can't localise monoids )-;
@Amelia Livingston is working on localising monoids as we speak! She's preparing a PR for mathlib which localises a monoid at a submonoid.
She has everything working, we're just trying to figure out what a good universal predicate should be.
Our initial guess, using kernels, was wrong, because a surjective morphism of monoids is not determined by its kernel, in contrast to groups.
We need this for the perfectoid project :-)
Can we have a generic theory of congruence relations on monoids. I don't think it would be very long. But I think you can quotient by the smallest congruence relation such that everything that's meant to have an inverse in the quotient has an inverse in the quotient.
The fact that cosets of submonoids can be quite badly behaved (they can have non-trivial intersection) makes things a bit more delicate than you might think, but if you think about stuff the right way it all seems to work.
That's why you need to talk about congruence relations instead of submonoids. But a congruence relation is just a submonoid of the product, that's also an equivalence relation.
Here's a terrifying example; the map from (nat,+) to (Z/2Z),* sending 0 to 1 and everything else to 0 is a monoid hom.
and it has trivial kernel :-) We don't have the target of the map in the localisation story, we just have a monoid and a submonoid.
Congruence relations form a complete lattice.
but all I have is a monoid and a submonoid. I don't have the target.
What do you mean?
But a congruence relation is just a submonoid of the product,
What product?
For localisation of M
by a submonoid S
it will be (M /times S) \times (M \times S)
Aah I see, so a congruence relation is a way of taking a quotient of a general monoid perhaps, and M[1/S] is a quotient of M x S
And the relation is easy to find, because it's the smallest one that gives you inverses.
In contrast to groups, where we just remember the things which get mapped to 1, here we need to keep track of the things which get mapped to the same thing.
So that's called a congruence relation?
Yes.
@Kevin Buzzard Is she refactoring the file for rings?
I don't think we need/want two separate files, right?
Not currently but what I've got so far would make it fairly easy to do so I think
Ok, cool!
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


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Managing Real-Time Data
- Watching the Flow
- Finding Details
- Notifications
Watching the Flow
Watching the Flow
Finding Details
Notifications
Notifications
Notifications
Heads-up Displays
Intelligent Filtering
- Personal Explanations
- Vote Slices
- Comparisons
Personal Explanations
Vote Slices
Comparisons
Good Candidates
- Data via API/feeds/mobile apps
- Data with scheduled updates
- Data you need to check for changes
- Public search sites with bad UI
- Anything people ask for more than twice
Build Your Own
Is there an API?
Build Your Own
Is there an API?
$.ajax({
dataType: "jsonp",
url: apiUrl,
});
$.ajax({
dataType: 'jsonp',
url: apiUrl,
success: function(data) {
doSomething(data);
}
});
Build Your Own
Make it look nice
Build Your Own
Where to put it
- Github Pages - Free; publicly accessible; good for static pages.
- Amazon S3 - Free tier; good for static pages.
- Heroku - Free basic plan; good if you need a database.
- Localhost - Free; good if you're the only one using it.


Many desktop publishing packages and web page editors now use Lorem Ipsum as their default model text.The point of using Lorem Ipsummaking it look like readable English.
Many desktop publishing packages and web page editors now use Lorem Ipsum as their default model text.The point of using Lorem Ipsummaking it look like readable English.
| No | Course Name | Start Date | End Date | Status | Edit | View |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | Software Testing | 12May 2018 | 18Aug 2018 | active | edit | view |
| 02 | Mechanical Design | 05Jan 2019 | 10Feb 2019 | active | edit | view |
| 03 | Architecture & Planning | 21Jun 2020 | 08Dec 2020 | active | edit | view |
| 04 | Board Exam Training | 08Jun 2018 | 21Sep 2018 | de-active | edit | view |
| 05 | Yoga Training Classes | 16JFeb 2018 | 26Mar 2018 | de-active | edit | view |


Translating from schema.org to the Organization Ontology
schema.org [https:/schema.org] is an important folksonomy and JSON model for representing common entities on the web. The organization model of schema.org has organization types and properties which can be represented using the Organization Ontology.
Full interoperability with schema.org is not currently a goal of the Organization Ontology work 1
Translating Types
The schema.org organization types are listed in Table 19 schema.org types are high-level and can be multi-valued, much as Organization Ontology dispositions are multi-valued.
Table 19 provides a guide for translating schema.org organizational types to assertions in the VIVO Organization Ontology.
schema.org Type |
Organization Ontology Assertions |
|---|---|
Airline |
Unknown type. Typically company. Disposition is airline. |
Consortium |
Unknown type. Assert Organization only. Type is often nonprofit Disposition is often association |
Corporation |
Type is company. Disposition is often commerce. |
EducationalOrganization |
Type is unknown. Assert Organization only. Disposition is education. |
FundingScheme |
Type is unknown. Assert organization only. 2 Disposition is funding. |
GovernmentOrganization |
Type is government organization Disposition is unknown. |
LibrarySystem |
Type is unknown. Organization only. Disposition is library. |
LocalBusiness |
Type is company. Disposition is often commerce. |
MedicalOrganization |
Unknown type. Assert Organization only. Disposition is healthcare provider |
NGO |
Type is nonprofit Disposition is unknown. |
NewsMediaOrganization |
Type is unknown. Assert Organization only. Disposition is media. |
PerformingGroup |
Type is unknown. Assert Organization only. Disposition is performing |
Project |
Type is unknown. Perhaps informal. 3 Disposition is project. |
SportsOrganization |
Type is unknown. Assert organization only. Disposition is sports. |
WorkersUnion |
Type is unknown. Often nonprofit. Disposition is labor union. |
Footnotes
- 1
Full interoperability between schema.org and the Organization Ontology could be future goal. It appears that all the ontological structure is in place to add additional properties and entities from schema.org to the Organization Ontology.
- 2
Unclear if a funding scheme is an organization. It might be an informal organization of those participating in the “scheme” or it may be an organizational part of an organization with funding disposition.
- 3
In Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) ontologies, the word “project” is used to describe a particular type of process, that is, an occurent. A project is not an organization. A project may “have” an organization, an organization may conduct a project. In english, when people refer to a “project,” they may be referring to an organization that was created for the purpose of executing a defined piece of work. Such an organization may be formal or informal, it may be an organizational part, or an organization of its own.


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|
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java.lang.Object com.izforge.izpack.panels.UserInputPanel.SearchField
private class UserInputPanel.SearchField
This class encapsulates a lot of search field functionality.
A search field supports searching directories and files on the target system. This is a helper class to manage all data belonging to a search field.
| Field Summary | |
|---|---|
private javax.swing.JButton |
autodetectButton
|
private javax.swing.JButton |
browseButton
|
private java.lang.String |
checkFilename
|
private java.lang.String |
filename
|
private InstallerFrame |
parent
|
private javax.swing.JComboBox |
pathComboBox
|
static int |
RESULT_DIRECTORY
used in constructor - result of search is the directory. |
static int |
RESULT_FILE
used in constructor - result of search is the whole file name. |
static int |
RESULT_PARENTDIR
used in constructor - result of search is the parent directory. |
private int |
resultType
|
private int |
searchType
|
static int |
TYPE_DIRECTORY
used in constructor - we search for a directory. |
static int |
TYPE_FILE
used in constructor - we search for a file. |
| Constructor Summary | |
|---|---|
UserInputPanel.SearchField(java.lang.String filename,
java.lang.String checkFilename,
InstallerFrame parent,
javax.swing.JComboBox combobox,
javax.swing.JButton autobutton,
javax.swing.JButton browsebutton,
int search_type,
int result_type)
Constructor - initializes the object, adds it as action listener to the "autodetect" button. |
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
void |
actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent event)
This is called if one of the buttons has been pressed. |
boolean |
autodetect()
perform autodetection |
boolean |
belongsTo(javax.swing.JComboBox combobox)
Check whether the given combobox belongs to this searchfield. |
private InstallerFrame |
getInstallerFrame()
convenient method |
java.lang.String |
getResult()
Return the result of the search according to result type. |
private boolean |
pathMatches(java.lang.String path)
check whether the given path matches |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
|---|
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Field Detail |
|---|
public static final int TYPE_DIRECTORY
public static final int TYPE_FILE
public static final int RESULT_DIRECTORY
public static final int RESULT_FILE
public static final int RESULT_PARENTDIR
private java.lang.String filename
private java.lang.String checkFilename
private javax.swing.JButton autodetectButton
private javax.swing.JButton browseButton
private javax.swing.JComboBox pathComboBox
private int searchType
private int resultType
private InstallerFrame parent
| Constructor Detail |
|---|
public UserInputPanel.SearchField(java.lang.String filename, java.lang.String checkFilename, InstallerFrame parent, javax.swing.JComboBox combobox, javax.swing.JButton autobutton, javax.swing.JButton browsebutton, int search_type, int result_type)
filename
- the name of the file to search for (might be null for searching
directories)checkFilename
- the name of the file to check when searching for directories (the
checkFilename is appended to a found directory to figure out whether it is the right
directory)combobox
- the JComboBox
holding the list of choices; it should be
editable and contain only Stringsautobutton
- the autodetection button for triggering autodetectionbrowsebutton
- the browse button to look for the filesearch_type
- what to search for - TYPE_FILE or TYPE_DIRECTORYresult_type
- what to return as the result - RESULT_FILE or RESULT_DIRECTORY or
RESULT_PARENTDIR| Method Detail |
|---|
private InstallerFrame getInstallerFrame()
public boolean belongsTo(javax.swing.JComboBox combobox)
private boolean pathMatches(java.lang.String path)
public boolean autodetect()
public void actionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent event)
actionPerformed
in interface java.awt.event.ActionListener
public java.lang.String getResult()
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@import helper._ @(message: String)
Find out why you are hiccuping or feeling itchy in the eyes. Go ahead and enter the symptoms you are experiencing today.
Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015 CC@@GT


| Interface | Description |
|---|---|
| Utils.List.Filter<T> |
The interface Filter.
|
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| ActivityDataExchanger |
The type Activity data exchanger.
|
| ActivityDataExchanger.SingletonHolder | |
| AmountCalculator |
The type Amount calculator.
|
| BlurDrawable |
A drawable that draws the target view as blurred using fast blur
TODO:we might use setBounds() to draw only part a of the target view
Created by 10uR on 24.5.2014.
|
| CardCredentialsValidator |
The type Card credentials validator.
|
| ColorUtils |
The type Color utils.
|
| CompoundFilter<T> |
The type Compound filter.
|
| CurrencyFormatter |
The type Currency formatter.
|
| DateValidator |
Class provided as a convenience to
ExpirationDateEditText to
make testing easier. |
| LocaleCurrencies |
The type Locale currencies.
|
| LocalizedCurrency |
The type Localized currency.
|
| Utils |
The type Utils.
|
| Utils.List |
The type List.
|
| VibrationHelper |
The type Vibration helper.
|
| ViewUtils |
The type View utils.
|
| Enum | Description |
|---|---|
| CardType |
Card types and related formatting and validation rules.
|
| ExpirationDateDialogTheme |
The enum Expiration date dialog theme.
|


October 2019 notes: distances and moving stuff
07 Nov 2019Some notes for October 2019, related to distances and to moving stuff.
A lot is going on in Chile. Fortunately there are some good recipes.
Matching graphs via Gromov-Hausdorff distance
There are many contexts where one would like to compare two graphs, to measure if they are close or not. One way of doing this is to decide whether one is included in the other (the subgraph isomorphism problem) or more generally if they have a large isomorphic subgraph. Another way is to measure the number of edits one has to make to go from one graph to the other (for example the number of edges to add and remove). This is what is done in property testing, where having a distance on the objects is essential.
More generally, there exists a distance for compact metric spaces called Gromov-Hausdorff distance, that applies to graphs.
No surprise, this distance is a complicated notion (an inf of a max of a sup of an inf), and computing it is NP-hard. The reduction is to the quadratic bottleneck assignment problem, a facility location problem.
A fairly recent preprint studies how to estimate a modification of this distance in polynomial time.
Hardness of moving earth
Given two point sets of equal size in an Euclidian space, $A$ and $B$, and a bijection $f: A \rightarrow B$ , the cost of transporting $A$ to $B$ through $f$ is the sum over the elements of $a$ of the distances from $a$ to $f(a)$.
Now given two point sets, the earth mover distance is the minimum such distance over all bijection: $ EMD(A,B)=\min_f \sum_{a\in A} d(a,f(a)) $
It is the discrete analogue of Monge-Kantorovich metric in probability theory, and is used in machine learning.
Algorithms to compute the EMD are quadratic in $n$, and faster algorithms are known for approximation but only in small dimensions.
A recent preprint proves conditional hardness results that explain this situation.
Complexity of sandpiles
Sandpile models are models close to cellular automata, based on a grid in some dimension $d$, where every cell has a number (the number of grains of sand there is at this location), and there is a local rule to decide where the grains move at each step.
There is a recent survey about the complexity of predicting the final shape of sandpiles. There are some very nice things going on. For example the complexity of the prediction is related to the computational power of the sandpile itself:
- If the prediction is P-hard, then the sandpile has the computational power of a Turing machine.
- If the prediction is easier then it is not the case.
A classic sandpile model is called the abelian sandpile model (or Bak–Tang–Wiesenfeld model) and is the following. On a grid $Z^d$, the rule is: every node that has $2d$ grains or more gives one grain to each neighboring cell.
Here is an example with $d=1$, and a starting configuration where one cell has 5 grains. The cells that have 2 or more grains are “unstable” and give one grain to their left neighbor and one grain to their right neighbor.
Note that the dynamic is not exactly what you would expect from a real sandpile, but it is very simple and has very nice properties.
For this model, the following hold:
- In dimension 1, prediction is in NC
- In dimension 3 or more the prediction is P-hard.
The survey gives a lot results, sketches and conjectures.
k-OPT ratio for TSP
2-OPT and its generalization k-OPT, are popular heuristics for the (metric) traveling salesman problem. They consist in iteratively looking for 2 (respectively $k$ edges) to modify to improve the cost of the tour. Here is an example for 2-OPT.
This heuristic performs poorly in the worst-case: exponential time, and approximation ratio in $\theta(\sqrt n)$. But it performs well in practice.
A recent preprint computes the precise approximation ratio for 2-OPT, which is $\sqrt(n)/2$.
Other papers from the literature prove that : * The approximation ratio is in $O(\sqrt n)$ for random edge weights (which are not metric in general), see here. * For Euclidian instances, the worst ratio is in $O(\log n)$. * The smoothed analysis of the problem has been studied, eg here. * The fine-grain analysis of $k$-OPT has been done here with improved complexity for $k\geq 4$.


prtClassFld Fisher linear discriminant classifier
CLASSIFIER = prtClassFld returns a Fisher linear discriminant classifier
CLASSIFIER = prtClassFld(PROPERTY1, VALUE1, ...) constructs a
prtClassFld object CLASSIFIER with properties as specified by
PROPERTY/VALUE pairs.
A prtClassFld object inherits all properties from the abstract class
prtClass. In addition is has the following properties:
w - regression weights, estimated during training
plotBasis - Flag indicating whether to plot the basis
functions when the PLOT function is called
plotProjections - Flag indicating whether to plot the projection
of points to the basis when the PLOT function is
called
For information on the Fisher Linear Discriminant algorithm, please
refer to the following URL:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_discriminant_analysis#Fisher.27s_linear_discriminant
A prtClassFld object inherits the TRAIN, RUN, CROSSVALIDATE and
KFOLDS methods from prtAction. It also inherits the PLOT method from
prtClass.
Example:
TestDataSet = prtDataGenUniModal; % Create some test and
TrainingDataSet = prtDataGenUniModal; % training data
classifier = prtClassFld; % Create a classifier
classifier = classifier.train(TrainingDataSet); % Train
classified = run(classifier, TestDataSet); % Test
subplot(2,1,1);
classifier.plot;
subplot(2,1,2);
[pf,pd] = prtScoreRoc(classified,TestDataSet);
h = plot(pf,pd,'linewidth',3);
title('ROC'); xlabel('Pf'); ylabel('Pd');


| Methods' Details |
init
| [oneway] void |
| init( |
[in] long |
Width, |
| [in] long |
Height ); |
- Description
- initializes the consumer with image dimensions.
|
|
setColorModel
| [oneway] void |
| setColorModel( |
[in] short |
BitCount, |
| [in] sequence< long > |
RGBAPal, |
| [in] long |
RedMask, |
| [in] long |
GreenMask, |
| [in] long |
BlueMask, |
| [in] long |
AlphaMask ); |
- Description
- changes color model for next pixels
typically called once after initialization.
|
|
setPixelsByBytes
| [oneway] void |
| setPixelsByBytes( |
[in] long |
nX, |
| [in] long |
nY, |
| [in] long |
nWidth, |
| [in] long |
nHeight, |
| [in] sequence< byte > |
aProducerData, |
| [in] long |
nOffset, |
| [in] long |
nScanSize ); |
- Description
- delivers a chunk of pixels as
long values.
The pixels of the image are delivered using one or more calls
to this method. Each call specifies the location and size of the
rectangle of source pixels that are contained in the array of pixels.
The specified color model object should be used to convert
the pixels into their corresponding color and alpha components. Pixel
(m,n) is stored in the pixels array at index (n * nScanSize
+ m + nOffset).
|
|
setPixelsByLongs
| [oneway] void |
| setPixelsByLongs( |
[in] long |
nX, |
| [in] long |
nY, |
| [in] long |
nWidth, |
| [in] long |
nHeight, |
| [in] sequence< long > |
aProducerData, |
| [in] long |
nOffset, |
| [in] long |
nScanSize ); |
- Description
- delivers a chunk of pixels as
byte values.
The pixels of the image are delivered using one or more calls
to this method. Each call specifies the location and size of the
rectangle of source pixels that are contained in the array of pixels.
The specified color model object should be used to convert
the pixels into their corresponding color and alpha components. Pixel
(m,n) is stored in the pixels array at index (n * nScanSize
+ m + nOffset).
|
|
complete
| [oneway] void |
| complete( |
[in] long |
Status, |
| [in] XImageProducer |
xProducer ); |
- Description
- is called for the notification of the degree to which the
image is delivered.
The complete method is called when the image producer
has finished delivering all of the pixels that the source image
contains, or when a single frame of a multi-frame animation has
been completed, or when an error in loading or producing the
image has occurred. The image consumer should remove itself from the
list of consumers registered with the image producer
at this time, unless it is interested in successive frames.
|
|
Copyright © 2013, The Apache Software Foundation, Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. Apache, the Apache feather logo, Apache OpenOffice and OpenOffice.org are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.


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| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
java.lang.Object com.reverseXSL.transform.Transformer
public class Transformer
Executes message transformations, which may comprise a Parsing step and an XSLT step (or only one of, or none at all = pass-through). The Parsing step takes a non-XML file and generates an XML document according to a Parser DEFinition file. The XSLT step transforms the generated XML document into another XML document, else any kind of text-based document format.
Transformation steps are selected and executed as defined in the Mapping Selection Table.
IMPORTANT NOTE: the free software version ignores the XSLT step. Only the Parsing step, when specified, is performed. In this context, any post-parsing XSL transformation shall be invoked via the java API for XML processing (JAXP)
factory methods on the means to set the source of meta data, notably the Mapping Selection Table.
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
java.lang.StringBuffer |
getLog()
get a printable log of the Transformer activities during the last call to transform(InputStream, OutputStream) . |
java.lang.String |
getName()
get the name of the Mapping Selection Table entry that has just been used to transform the last message. |
Parser.ExceptionListIterator |
getParserExceptionListIterator()
Browse the detail, exception per exception with possible nested causes, of the Parser warnings and errors. |
java.lang.String |
getParserExceptionListXML()
Returns an XML document representation of all Parser warnings and errors in sequence. |
int |
getParserExceptionsCount()
Whenever transform(InputStream, OutputStream) is invoked, it returns the total count of parser exceptions (below thresholds, otherwise
an exception would have been thrown). |
int |
printableTransform(java.io.InputStream in,
java.lang.StringBuffer out)
A variant of transform(InputStream, OutputStream) that guarantees
a nice indentation of XML outputs; neutral operation for other brands. |
void |
reset()
Reset the Transformer state and free associated resources. |
void |
setLocalMessageReferences(java.lang.String id,
java.util.Date d)
Impose a fixed message ID and fixed date as message references. |
void |
setLocalMessageReferences(java.lang.String base,
java.text.DecimalFormat df)
Defines the message ID from a base string that will be followed by a decimal format. |
java.lang.String |
toString()
|
int |
transform(java.io.InputStream in,
java.io.OutputStream out)
Reads a message from the InputStream (till no more bytes are available) and then transforms it according to Parsing and XSL Transformation steps defined in the Mapping Selection Table. |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
|---|
equals, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait |
| Method Detail |
|---|
public java.lang.StringBuffer getLog()
transform(InputStream, OutputStream)
. Parser warnings are also detailed.
public java.lang.String getName()
public Parser.ExceptionListIterator getParserExceptionListIterator()
public java.lang.String getParserExceptionListXML() throws javax.xml.transform.TransformerException, javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException
javax.xml.transform.TransformerException
- (not about ReverseXSL Transformer) when the JAXP libraries fail to build the XML representation of the Exception List
javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException
- (not about ReverseXSL Parser) when the JAXP libraries fail to build the XML representation of the Exception Listpublic int getParserExceptionsCount()
transform(InputStream, OutputStream)
is invoked, it returns the total count of parser exceptions (below thresholds, otherwise
an exception would have been thrown). This method simply 'reminds' about the value returned by the last run.
transform(InputStream, OutputStream)
public int printableTransform(java.io.InputStream in, java.lang.StringBuffer out) throws java.io.IOException, TransformerException, ParserException, javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException, javax.xml.parsers.FactoryConfigurationError, javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactoryConfigurationError, javax.xml.transform.TransformerException
transform(InputStream, OutputStream)
that guarantees
a nice indentation of XML outputs; neutral operation for other brands.
This method is only good for printing the output or displaying it. It is NOT recommended to use it in production as only a subset of the XML standard (good for all regular XML uses but...) is supported in the final formatting. Moreover, this operation inflates the output with a hell of extra space characters.
in
- reading input message bytes from FileInputStream, ByteArrayInputStream, StringBufferInputStream, other implementationsout
- transformed output is now directed to a StringBuffer (printable!)
thresholds
,
otherwise an exception is thrown)
java.io.IOException
ParserException
TransformerException
javax.xml.transform.TransformerException
- (XSLT related)
javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactoryConfigurationError
- (XSLT related)
javax.xml.parsers.FactoryConfigurationError
- (XSLT related)
javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException
- (XSLT related)TransformerFactory.setParserExceptionThresholds(int, int)
public void reset()
The internal counter is not reset.
public void setLocalMessageReferences(java.lang.String id, java.util.Date d)
The message ID and date will appear in Tranformer traces.
id
- message ID as stringd
- a java Date for referencepublic void setLocalMessageReferences(java.lang.String base, java.text.DecimalFormat df)
Set once and applies to all subsequent invocations of Tranformer.transform().
The message ID and date will appear in Tranformer traces.
base
- String, to be used as unique tag or thread ID per Transformerdf
- decimal format, e.g. new DecimalFormat("00000")
public java.lang.String toString()
toString
in class java.lang.Object
public int transform(java.io.InputStream in, java.io.OutputStream out) throws java.io.IOException, TransformerException, ParserException, javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException, javax.xml.parsers.FactoryConfigurationError, javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactoryConfigurationError, javax.xml.transform.TransformerException
The OutputStream receives the transformed data.
in
- reading input message bytes from FileInputStream, ByteArrayInputStream, StringBufferInputStream, other implementationsout
- writing transformed output bytes to FileOutputStream, ByteArrayOutputStream, PrintStream, other implementations
thresholds
,
otherwise an exception is thrown)
java.io.IOException
ParserException
- (ReverseXSL related) thrown when the tolerance thresholds
for Parser exceptions set by TransformerFactory.setParserExceptionThresholds(int, int)
have been exceeded, else the DEFinition for the relevant message indicated to throw the exception in case of Parsing failures.
TransformerException
- (ReverseXSL related) most likely when the meta-data resources cannot be loaded.
javax.xml.transform.TransformerException
- (XSLT related)
javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactoryConfigurationError
- (XSLT related)
javax.xml.parsers.FactoryConfigurationError
- (XSLT related)
javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException
- (XSLT related)TransformerFactory.setParserExceptionThresholds(int, int)
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Refine & Release
It's been a long week and you've done something very few people ever truly accomplish. You've created an app from the ground up and launched it.
That's amazing, but you're just getting started.
You've entered into a world where nothing is ever truly done. There are bugs to fix, features to implement, new tools to add, and hopefully in the future, new apps to create.
Right now, take a few minutes, bask in the awesomeness of what you did and pat yourself on the back. You deserve it.
Once you're done with that, look to next week because there's a lot more work to do. It's time to refine and release your app, making it look and feel closer and closer to your original vision.
This is where you take all the feedback you got and start reviewing it, looking for common concerns or complaints and building something better.
This is also where you start determining when you stop.
How much good feedback do you need to receive to keep going? When are you willing to throw in the towel and call it a best try?
Now is the time to draw that line so you don't push yourself well past it and waste hours of your time and thousands of your dollars making something work when it isn't going to happen.
Where's the Line?
First thing's first – where is the line? When do you stop working? This is different for everyone, but remember; you need to be realistic about what you can actually get out of your app and what you want to see happen with it.
Your numbers might vary, but the bottom line is that you should have something in mind – don't "guess" on something like this.
Quitting is one of the great arts of entrepreneurship – learn how to do it at the right time and you will be successful.
As for feedback, I recommend you look for at least 100 responses to your app. This can be a combination of responses from family, friends, paid users, and paying users.
The goal is to get some good information about how the app works and what people think. If you can't get to 100, consider the next step.
Running Surveys
A survey is a quick way to gauge someone's reaction to your product both at a high level and a hands-on level in which they actually use your software.
If you know you have enough users but can't get enough feedback to make conclusions, a survey gives you a way to prod them into taking action. Here's how to build one.
- Choose a Survey Service
SurveyMonkey is the standard for this type of thing. It's inexpensive, easy to use, and can be sent to people through multiple channels. If you want to spend absolutely nothing, you can also use a Google Form to run a survey, but this requires that everyone you contact has provided their email address.
- Determine Your Questions
Figure out what you want to know.
Aim for between 5-10 questions. This is the sweet spot to actually get responses from your users. More and people will either provide short answers or not bother at all. Less and you don't get enough information.
Be specific in your questions too, but don't be afraid to ask subjective questions like "how did you like X?"
At a high level, what you really need to know is:
- What did they like?
- What didn't they like?
- What do they consider "nice to have" and what do they need?
You have a laundry list of new features – figure out what these people actually want to see in the next version.
- Encourage People to Fill It Out
This is the tough part. You should expect no more than 40% of the people you have contact information for to actually respond to your survey. So you'll need 250 users to realistically get 100 responses.
Do the math and figure out if you're running short – pay the difference on a usability testing site or hire someone through Upwork to run through your app and fill out the survey.
It's worth it to have those 100 responses.
One other quick way to drive heavier engagement is to run a contest. Offer a gift certificate to Amazon or something equally enticing to get people to fill out your survey. It doesn't take much if it's a short survey.
Evaluating Your Feedback
Once you have 100 responses in hand, it's time to take action.
But some of that feedback will be more helpful than other bits. To ensure you don't inject your own bias into reading that feedback, here are some tips for how to approach it:
- Knowing What to Ignore – Avoid making decisions for your app based on anecdotal recommendations. Just because one guy confirms a concern you personally have doesn't make it a priority. Look for trends in the data – that's why you asked 100 people to fill out this survey. Ignore small issues that don’t crop up more than a couple times, hyperbolic complaints or praise, or other concerns that you know are small in scale.
- Create a List of Pros and Cons – Create a list from your feedback that outlines the pros and cons of your software. You already have a sizable feature request list and a bug log that you're working with – use these to guide the priority of those lists.
- Map Out Fixes – From the pros and cons list, pull anything that is mentioned a significant number of times and add it to your bug and feature list. The broken stuff still has priority, but if 40 out of 100 people all asked for the same feature, that might be something you bump to the top of the list when you start injecting new features.
The big obstacle here is creating a feature request list that doesn't lead you down a path of expensive, unnecessary upgrades.
Look out for responses that start with "this would be cool" or "I could see it doing this…" These types of responses are helpful, but rarely necessary.
The goal is to find what people really need vs. what they say they want.
Updating Your App
At this point, you're in a very good position.
You have 100+ user responses to your app. You have a detailed bug log from QA testing. You have usability notes. You have your first customers!
Now it's time to start making updates.
As you go through the update process, you can skip Days 1-4 and go straight to Day 5-7 to repeat those processes.
As you make updates, make sure you continuously log bugs and fixes in your Trello tracking board. Write down new features that people want or that you can think of and maintain a detailed log of what to work on and when you want to tackle it.
Never bite off more than you can chew, but don't do the bare minimum – your users will know it and will tell you.
The focus should always remain on critical fixes and it may take several weeks to get to the point that you're not just fixing big broken bugs. New features are certainly nice, but they can wait until you have the time and money to tackle them.
Refining and Streamlining the Process
Speaking of which, there is a cost involved with each of these iterations.
You want those iterations to pay off, and ideally take less time and less money each time.
To ensure this is the case, set clear benchmarks for what you want to achieve, and by when you want to achieve it.

At the same time, as you continue improving your software, you should maintain the stuff that will get you new users:
- Influencer outreach
- Blogging
- Social media marketing
- Getting reviews and being interviewed
- Soliciting feedback
If you stop doing this stuff, your app will stop growing in users and you're paying money to upgrade an app that no one is buying.
So, know your goals and consistently evaluate performance to make sure you are actually achieving them.
This process is about honesty. It's about knowing what works, why it works, and when it stops working.
The more honest you are with yourself, and the more direct your approach to the development process, the better you will perform from start to finish.


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