A summary of some new news related to CUNY's and CSI's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. See https://csi-covid19.github.io for the archive.
To add/suggest news, please email John Verzani
Campus access for the purposes of research is restricted to personnel deemed essential to the conduct of approved and authorized SSPs. Furthermore, only those research activities that require use of campus facilities will be approved. All research activities that can be done remotely, will be done remotely, including meetings and conferences.
Access of all research personnel to the CSI campus must be scheduled. Each Primary Investigator or Facility Manager must provide a weekly schedule of research staff to Campus Planning and Facilities Management. This information will be logged by Public Safety. Access to campus is permitted only through the main gate on Victory Boulevard and researchers, visitors, delivery personnel, and, if relevant, human research subjects, will only be admitted for scheduled activities.
8/7 Reopening plan due back to CUNY.
Unofficially the plan seems to be:
By 8/26: repopen for select researchers; classes ready for select courses in NRS and PT; only 3 buildings will be part of this initial reopening. The college has recently authorized the purchase and installation (43k) of touchless fixtures for 3 buildings worth of bathrooms; the college has signage ordered; the college has a cleaning plan; the college has access control plans in place.
By 10/15 (or so): at most 120 sections could have some in-class experiences; perhaps up to 8 buildings opened. This data is very tentative. All in-person course offerings are subject to social distancing mandates that limit significantly the number of persons in any given space.
Round the Clock Fight to Save Lives, Save Jobs, Save CUNY, Wed., Aug. 26
Includes:
Authorize the Purchase of WiFi Hotspot or MiFi Devices for Emergency Distribution to Students Needing Broadband Internet Access in Response to the Continuing COVID-19 Pandemic Health Emergency
Authorize amendment of The City University of New York Policy on Sexual Misconduct - Policy 7.142 to incorporate required changes resulting from the United States Department of Education adoption of new regulations under Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, 20 U.S.C. Chapter 38
THESE ARE DUE 8/16
8/8 CUNY Adjunct Incubator Grants (Thanks Professor Kimora)
The Center for the Humanities' CUNY Adjunct Incubator supports and highlights the significant, critical and community-engaged scholarship and pedagogy work of adjuncts teaching across CUNY.
The CUNY Adjunct Incubator will award $5,000 to 10 CUNY adjuncts.
Agencies were given a detailed manual titled “Layoff Procedures,” which delineates the process for letting employees go: The formation of a task force to handle logistical issues that will inevitably arise, followed by a 30-day notice from the city’s Office of Labor Relations to the impacted municipal unions. The notice would include a list of names and titles and the number of positions being eliminated, according to a copy shared with POLITICO.
A great picture of bikers during the "car" parade
In the City University of New York (Cuny) system, about 2,800 adjunct faculty members and part-time staff were notified in July that they were to be laid off in anticipation of funding cuts from the state of New York and New York City.
The Professional Staff Congress, which represents faculty in the Cuny system, responded to the layoffs by filing a lawsuit demanding Cuny rehire all laid off employees with back pay and benefits, and refrain from further layoffs.
“We are refusing to normalize layoffs,” said Barbara Bowen, president of the PSC and professor of English at Queens College and the Graduate Center of CUNY. “The response should be to invest more in Cuny, not to threaten with cuts.”
She cited that during the Great Depression of the 1930s, New York City opened two new public colleges, Brooklyn College in 1930 and Queens College in 1937.
“In a crisis where our university will be needed as never before, it’s bad policy to respond with mass layoffs,” added Bowen.
CUNY declined to comment due to pending litigation.
CEOs from 27 of the largest employers in the New York area are launching the New York Jobs CEO Council. The new CEO-led, results-oriented coalition will collaborate with educational institutions, community organizations and nonprofits to hire skilled workers, meet employer needs and connect New Yorkers — with a focus on low-income and Black, Latinx and Asian communities — with the skills that they need for today’s and tomorrow’s workplace. The member organizations aim to hire 100,000 traditionally underserved New Yorkers by 2030, a goal which includes job opportunities and apprenticeships for 25,000 CUNY students.
U.S. District Judge Jed Rakoff appeared disinclined Friday to force the City University of New York to reinstate thousands of faculty members it recently laid off, despite a union's claim that the school violated the CARES Act by handing out pink slips after taking relief funds.
The bill mandates that the school pay employees "to the greatest extent practicable," which an attorney for the union argued means that if CUNY has the $30 million needed to do so, it must.
Though during Friday morning's hearing on the topic, Judge Rakoff didn't appear sold on that argument, repeatedly pointing out that the congressional directive regarding payroll is "vague" and "amorphous."
Brummel and thousands of other students have opted to take a break this upcoming fall semester — for personal, financial or health reasons — following pandemic disruptions that have swept across the public university system, upending the lives of students, faculty and staff.
For this episode, Valbrun spoke with Yarbrough [JJ Professor] and Paula-Camila Caceres, a student in the class who helped lead the project, about that experience and how it affected their views about CUNY and higher education.


--- layout: post title: 'IPhone: Recovering from infinite reboot loop' date: 2010-10-23 06:06:30.000000000 -04:00 categories: - Hardware - iOS - iPhone - Software tags: [] status: publish type: post published: true meta: _edit_last: '2' dcssb_short_url: http://su.pr/9qjaSG author: login: admin email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: truth first_name: '' last_name: '' ---
Although a rare occurrence, it may happen, while attempting to jailbreak your phone, that you end up stuck in a infinite reboot loop after restoring your custom firmware to your phone. This obviously poses a bit of a problem because you will end up unable to enter DFU mode (also known as recovery mode) on your iPhone via the usual process:
The above might not work, and you will simply turn off your phone after step 1.
if this happens what you need to do is quite straightforward:
The above has saved me a couple of times. Don't despair, I hope this also works for you.


- Machines mount webroot on NFS - "instances"
- Apache confs are not shared across machines
- File access is through webdav
- Changes are logged ++
- webdav is unreliable --
- No Ops level access; ssh only on dev
- no full access to configs
- so all updates go through webdav
- config changes must be made on all servers
Backstory
- Day one - one guy sorta using git
- Month 6 - Start working with CIT to figure out a way to deploy using git
- This was probably our tipping point in saying we _actually_ use git
- Month 12 (May 2016) - running gitlab on rackspace
- Month 14 (July 2016) - enrolled in AWS
- Month 17 (Nov 2016) - First lambda function in prod
- Thanks AWS hackathon
It's about month 27
- Summer saw inauguration, nyc, and many other projects
- our portfolio is too large for us to rewrite at once
- There's been no official talk of upgrades
Failures
This is not a recommendation, but our experience
S3 static site hosting
Ansible for development servers
Hand-crafted, artisinal servers
Tomcat
I hate Coldfusion. Coldfusion is Java. Can I turn Coldfusion apps into Java apps and stop thinking about Coldfusion?
(PS I also hate Java)
Tomcat runs WAR/EAR; Coldfusion can make WAR or EAR. So, you export, and slam it into a Tomcat server and...
###### It doesn't start.
- ColdFusion uses modified tomcat for Search Engine Safe URLS
- SES breaks tomcat
###### Winning with Tomcat
_You don't win with tomcat, you just lose a little less_
- Coldfusion just Java and modified Tomcat
- WARs use web.xml for mapping. You can disable SES and other servlets here.
- Less pointless app, less attack surface
###### Winning with Tomcat (continued)
- CfClasspath != java classpath
- CfClasspath adds ~50MB to WAR
- Server config stored in WAR; swappable at WAR build
- WAR will contain decryptable secrets and the decryption key
- If the negatives are acceptable, you can run Coldfusion on stock tomcat
- EB's tomcat runs apache 2.2.32 as a proxy. In theory, you could use EB extensions to add CUWA. I have not investigated this but I definitely will.
- I also tried Ansible, but personal preference made me go back to Docker
- If you can run without CUWA (maybe shibboleth) or complex infrastructure, look at AWS managed tomcat on Elastic Beanstalk.
##### CloudFusion
- We never succeeded using git to deploy on CIT servers
- Perfect is the enemy of good
- duplicate what we have and improve it
- Build a system that can run our software, even if not ideal
- gain insight so we can move forward
- fail loudly so there are no silent errors
- Target: CF10 update 23, JVM 8, Apache 2.4 and CUWA.
- Automate and monitor
Secrets stored in encrypted s3; fetched on container start
Containers can run without secrets too.
Successful builds are pushed to DTR.
No testing for the container build process (yet).
###### Elastic Beanstalk
- Mounts NFS for media volume (required by our software)
- Sets environment for docker container(s)
- Automatically provides AWS Credentials to container.
- Volumes for docker containers(s)
- Mockable on dev machines
- Monitoring
- Alerting
- Blue/green deployments are possible
###### Gitlab
- Gitlab is central to the process
- Container CI pushes to DTR
- Elastic Beanstalk deploys pull from DTR
- Pushes to Application repositories deploy to EB
- Process could be better, but we're not in prod yet.
###### Testing
BAHAHAHAHAHHAHAHAHAHAHA
Oh you were serious.
###### Testing
- Automating processes without automating testing is insanity
- Fortunately our apps fail with an appropriate status
- Test recorder + site scraper + phantomjs = poor mans test suite
##### Still left to do
- Logging
- We're working with CIT to get a splunk instance in AWS
- Databases
- There's a noticable lag connecting to on-premise databases from AWS
- Plus, you pay for it
##### Still left to do (continued)
- Upgrade coldfusion
- If we actually have working tests, we can more quickly test new versions of coldfusion, or even Lucee/Railo
- Production SSL Certs
- Production Kerberos Keytabs
##### Conclusion
- We're still a way out from using it
- There's guaranteed to be more issues
- But we're getting there
##### EOF
- Tad Merchant
- github.com/ezmac
- wm284@cornell.edu


--- layout: post title: "Automated Classification of Discussion Forum Posts" author: "Mohamed Abdalla" supervisors: "Krish Perumal and Professor Graeme Hirst" category: "Natural Language Processing" permalink: /natural-language-processing/automated-classification-of-discussion-forum-posts year: "2015" ---
Automated identification of forum posts into categories (such as question, answer, feedback and off-topic posts) can help in summarizing threads and allows for efficient information retrieval. Previous approaches to this problem can be classified into supervised and unsupervised classes. Supervised approaches [2, 3, 5] perform this classification task adequately. However, their success comes at a great cost: a large amount of labelled data is required for that level of performance. With larger datasets and ever increasing forum-membership, labelling quickly becomes infeasible. The alternate approaches [1, 6, 7] do away with labelled data, opting for an unsupervised solution. This approach often corresponds to a decrease in performance. In this study, we explored novel statistical techniques for automatically clustering forum posts into dialogue acts using a semi-supervised approach. Our work on the unsupervised classification algorithm is discussed elsewhere.
Our semi-supervised algorithm expands on previous work. Barzilay and colleagues [1] proposed an unsupervised approach involving a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) at the sentence level, tailored to match clusters of sentences to particular topics. Others [4] improved the model by introducing structural features, along with a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) for emission probabilities. Here, we propose a Hidden Markov Model that incorporates both structural and textual features. Furthermore, we explored the inclusion of emission probabilities from the HMM represented by a Gaussian Mixture Model. Both models were implemented in a semi-supervised fashion. More generally, we believe that a Hidden Markov Model is an appropriate choice when trying to represent sequential data, as it could implicitly factor in human knowledge (e.g., a solution can’t come before a question), and the GMM is said to help reduce topical clustering, which is a problem in unsupervised techniques.
Here is a step-by-step description of the semi-supervised approach:
Vectorize all posts by means of word n-gram frequency counts and feature occurrences.
Cluster vectors that have a given gold label (semi-supervised aspect).
Construct a Hidden Markov Model (each cluster obtained in step 2 corresponds to a hidden state, and each post corresponds to an observation from the given state). Run Expectation-Maximization Algorithm:
Expectation Step:
Construct an n-gram+Feature language model for each state or fit a GMM for each state. This will be used to calculate emission probabilities of a post.
Estimate the initial state probabilities given the observed state frequency counts.
Maximization Step:
Run the Viterbi algorithm to obtain the most likely state sequence, and HMM parameters.
In order to compare our novel semi-supervised approaches, we constructed a fully supervised approach. Following a proven approach by Catherine and colleagues [2], we implemented a fully supervised Support Vector Machine (SVM) to use as an approximation of the upper limit on dialogue act classification performance. To do this we trained a Weka SVM:SMO (Sequential Minimal Optimization) classifier on both n-grams and features.
The following evaluation measures were used: \[{\textit Precision:=} \frac{\text{# Actual C posts predicted as C }}{\text{# Posts predicted as C}}\]
\[{\textit Recall :=} \frac{\text{# C posts predicted as C }}{\text{# Actual C posts}}\]
\[{\text F_1 {\it measure:=} }\frac{2 \times P \times R}{P + R}\]
The category-wise evaluation measures for the described techniques are listed in Table 1. As expected, the fully supervised technique outperforms the semi-supervised techniques. However the semi-supervised techniques perform relatively well, with the HMM performing at a similar level to the fully supervised method.
The methods perform adequately in most categories with the exception of Clarification and Clarification Request, both of which suffer from a lack of training examples.
| Supervised Approach (SVM) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Precision | Recall | \(F_1\) |
| Problem | 0.73 | 0.78 | 0.76 |
| Solution | 0.65 | 0.75 | 0.69 |
| Clarification | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.24 |
| Clarification R | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Feedback | 0.5 | 0.53 | 0.52 |
| Other | 0.62 | 0.52 | 0.57 |
| Macro-Avg | 0.47 | 0.46 | 0.46 |
| Semi-Supervised (HMM) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Precision | Recall | \(F_1\) |
| Problem | 0.63 | 0.71 | 0.67 |
| Solution | 0.57 | 0.7 | 0.63 |
| Clarification | 0.25 | 0.15 | 0.19 |
| Clarification R | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.11 |
| Feedback | 0.39 | 0.29 | 0.33 |
| Other | 0.58 | 0.43 | 0.5 |
| Macro-Avg | 0.43 | 0.40 | 0.41 |
| Semi-Supervised (HMM+GMM) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Precision | Recall | \(F_1\) |
| Problem | 0.91 | 0.60 | 0.72 |
| Solution | 0.73 | 0.22 | 0.34 |
| Clarification | 0.05 | 0.1 | 0.07 |
| Clarification R | 0.04 | 0.16 | 0.07 |
| Feedback | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.17 |
| Other | 0.32 | 0.61 | 0.42 |
| Macro-Avg | 0.37 | 0.31 | 0.34 |
The results of our study suggest that semi-supervised techniques are promising: they achieve a respectable middle ground between the low cost of unsupervised techniques and the high performance of fully supervised techniques. For future work, we hope to explore higher order Markov chains, incorporating the ability to learn longer-range dependencies between the categories. Our data experimentation has also emphasized another hurdle in the forum-post classification problem: posts can contain multiple dialogue acts (e.g., a given post can have both a Solution to a Problem, and contains Feedback to another Solution). The model has no intuition about this; we suggest that summarization might be an important technique to employ to retain the overall meaning of the post, while cutting out parts (dialogue acts) that are not representative.
I am grateful to Krish Perumal and Professor Graeme Hirst for their help and insight during the research process, and their critical reading of the abstract. This work was completed with data provided by VerticalScope Inc. The research was supported by NSERC and VerticalScope. We thank Afsaneh Fazly for comments and insight that greatly improved the work completed.
[1] R. Barzilay and L. Lee., "Catching the Drift: Probabilistic Content Models, with Applications to Generation and Summarization," in Proc. of HLT-NAACL, 2004, pp. 113–120.
[2] R. Catherine et al., "Does Similarity Matter? The Case of Answer Extraction from Technical Discussion Forums," in Proc. of the 24th Int. Conf. on Computational Linguistics (COLING), 2012, pp. 175–184.
[3] L. Hong and B.D. Davison., "A classification–based approach to question answering in discussion boards," in Proc. of 32nd Int. ACM SIGIR Conf. on Research and development in information retrieval, 2009, pp. 171-178.
[4] S. Joty et al., "Unsupervised Modeling of Dialog Acts in Asynchronous Conversations," in Proc. of Int. Joint Conf. on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), 2011, pp. 1807-1813.
[5] S. Kim et al., "Tagging and Linking Web Forum Posts," in Proc. of the 14th Conf. on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL), 2010, pp. 192-202.
[6] A. Ritter et al., "Unsupervised Modeling of Twitter Conversations," in The 2010 Annual Conf. of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2010, pp. 172-180.
[7] Z. Qu and Y. Liu., "Finding Problem Solving Threads in Online Forum," in Proc. of 5th Int. Joint Conf. on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP), 2011, pp. 1413-1417.


1. math
The core dependency of the modules in the project. It provides the scaffolding for:
-
Abstract algebras to ensure a common interface for basic operations. Java does not provide operator overloading. This provides an alternative. Implementations of these interfaces can be 'property-based' tested, to make sure that the implementation indeed adhere to the contracts.
-
An 'uncertain number' interface, plus an implemention of an algebraic field of uncertain numbers.
-
A Service Provider Interface for formatting the elements of abstract algebras. This core module only provides an implementation to format uncertain numbers, using proper rounding and scientific notation.
1.1. Abstract Algebras
The idea is that every 'abstract algebra' consists of the implementation of two interfaces
-
One of the extensions of
org.meeuw.math.abstractalgebra.AlgebraicElement
defines the properties of all elements of the algebra. It also should implement the actual operations like multiplication and addition. -
One of the corresponding extensions of
org.meeuw.math.abstractalgebra.AlgebraicStructure
, e.g.org.meeuw.math.abstractalgebra.Field
, defines properties of the structure itself, and it also serves as a container for utility method for its elements. E.g. if the structure is powerful enough to implement determinants of matrices of its elements, it does so (and more advanced structures, may do it more sophisticatedly. E.g.Ring
implementsdeterminant
without using division, but inDivisionRing
the implementation is optimized with use of that operation)
The terminology which is adopted is this:
| Algebraic operation | operator | operator name | static operator name | result name | argument name | defined in |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
binary operators |
||||||
operation |
|
operate |
operate |
operation |
operand |
|
addition |
|
plus |
add |
sum |
summand |
|
subtraction |
|
minus |
subtract |
difference |
subtrahend |
|
multiplication |
|
times |
multiply |
product |
multiplier |
|
division |
|
dividedBy |
divide |
quotient |
divisor |
|
exponentiation |
|
pow |
pow |
power |
exponent |
|
metric or distance |
|
distanceTo |
metric |
distance |
||
unary operators |
||||||
negation |
|
negation |
negate |
negation |
||
reciprocation |
|
reciprocal |
reciprocal |
|||
square root |
|
sqrt |
sqrt |
square root |
radicand |
|
sine |
|
sin |
sin |
sine |
angle |
|
cosine |
|
cos |
cos |
cosine |
angle |
|
absolute value, distance to zero |
|| |
abs |
abs |
absolute value |
||
identify |
+ |
self |
||||
comparison operators |
||||||
equals |
|
equals |
equals |
equality |
object |
|
loosely equals |
|
eq |
equals |
equality |
other element |
The methods on the elements take the name of the corresponding operator. So e.g.:
RationalNumber a, b, c;
c = a.times(b);
These methods always take the value of the element itself plus zero parameters (for the unary operators) or one parameter (for the binary operators), and create a new value from the same algebra.
Alternative terminology, like e.g. 'add' for addition would have been possible, but it was chosen to use those verbs when the operation is e.g. implemented statically (E add(e1, e2)
) or are modifying the element itself.
Most implementations are strictly read-only, but at least all algebraic operations themselves should be without side effects on the algebraic element itself.
1.1.1. Algebraic structure
Every algebraic element object has a reference to (the same) instance of this structure. The structure itself defines e.g. the 'cardinality'.
|
Note
|
If the cardinality is 'countable' (< ℵ1), the structure can also implement Streamable to actually produce all possible elements.
|
The algebraic structure also contains methods to obtain 'special elements' like the identity elements for multiplication and addition (one and zero).
1.1.2. Numbers
Some algebraic elements are like real numbers. There are several interfaces dedicated to formalising properties of that.
| class/interface | description |
|---|---|
A generic interface that defines the methods to convert to java (primitive) number objects. Like |
|
A |
|
Even more similar to the everyday concept of a number are elements of an algebraic field that is 'complete'. This in some way means that is has 'no gaps', but essentially boils down to the fact that operations like taking square roots and trigonometric function are possible within the algebra. |
|
Number like structures are backed by existing classes The specialization |
1.1.3. Numbers and propagation of uncertainties
Most real numbers cannot be represented exactly. It may be of interest to keep track of the uncertainty in the value, and try to propagate those uncertainties sensibly when performing operations on them.
The 'physics' module will add to this that these kinds of uncertainties may originate not only in the finite nature of representing them, but also in the limitations of actually measuring things.
The 'statistics' module introduces uncertain numbers where the uncertainty is defined as the standard deviation in a collected set of values. These numbers are examples of elements that are actually stateful, because new values can be added to the set. This should not actually change the value represented by the object though, only decrease its uncertainty. On performing operations on these kinds of objects you would receive unmodifiable stateless objects with frozen value and uncertainty.
It is not always absolutely defined how propagations must happen. Some interpretation may be needed sometimes. The choices made are currently collected in `UncertaintyNumberOperations'. This is not currently pluggable or configurable, but it may well be.
| operation | formula | current uncertainty propagation algorithm |
|---|---|---|
summation |
\(a ± Δa + b ± Δb\) |
\(\sqrt{Δa^2 + Δb^2}\) |
multiplication |
\(a ± Δa \cdot b ± Δb\) |
\(\mid a \cdot b \mid \cdot \sqrt{\left(\frac{Δa}{\mid a \mid + Δa }\right)^2 + \left(\frac{Δb}{\mid b \mid + Δb }\right)^2}\) |
exponentiation |
\(\left(a ± Δa\right) ^ {e ± Δe}\) |
\(\mid a ^ e\mid \cdot \sqrt{ \left(\frac{e \cdot Δa}{a}\right)^2 + \left(\ln(a) \cdot Δe\right)^2 }\) |
sin/cos |
\(\sin(\alpha \pm \Delta\alpha)\) |
\(\Delta\alpha\) |
Zero
Sometimes the value with uncertainty is exactly zero, so fractional uncertainty leads to division by zero exceptions. Therefore, for now fractional uncertainty is implemented like \( \frac{Δa}{|a| + Δa}\) (rather then \( \frac{Δa}{|a|}\)), where the denominator can never become zero because the uncertainty is strictly bigger than zero.
1.1.4. Testing
In mihxil-theories for every algebraic structure interface there are 'theory' interfaces using jqwik. Tests for actual implementations implement these interfaces and provide the code to supply a bunch of example elements
.
Default methods then test whether all theoretical possibilities and limitations of the algebraic structure are indeed working.
1.1.5. Implementation of equals
/hashCode
and eq
When a value has uncertainty, then equals
could consider it. So objects may e.g. have different toString
representation but still be equal, because the difference is considered smaller than the uncertainty, and so can be considered equal.
This is abstracted using a ConfidenceInterval
concept.
In this case the hashCode
must be a fixed value, because otherwise we can’t guarantee that equal values have equal hashCode.
This implies that it’s a bad idea to use uncertain values as hash keys.
Transitivity of equality
Java - and also mathematics - normally requires that the equality operator (‘=’) is transitive.
For several of the objects (the Uncertain
ones) this represents a problem, because on one hand it is expected that things like (x-1)-1 = x
, and on the other hand transitivity of equals is desired (x = y ∧ y = z → x = z
).
Therefore, the elements of algebra’s have several methods for equality
eq
This is the most used equality in algebras. For uncertain valued algebras this may not be transitive, because the uncertainty is considered.
E.g. `10 ± 5 eq 14 ± 1` and `18 ± 5 eq 14 ± 1`, but `! (10 ± 5 eq 18 ± 5 )`.
For non-uncertain values, eq
would behave the same as equals
, the only difference being that its argument is not Object
.
strictlyEquals
If the value is Uncertain
then it also implements a method strictlyEquals
which just compares the value without considering uncertainty. This guarantees transitivity, but e.g. reciprocity of inverse operator may not be, since e.g. because of rounding errors `(x-1)-1 !strictlyEquals x
,
equals
Java’s equals
method is implemented with strictlyEquals
or with eq
if the value is not uncertain (strictlyEquals
is not available, and it would make no difference).
Via the CompareConfiguration
configuration aspect, it can be configured though, that equals
is like eq
.
withAspect(CompareConfiguration.class, compareConfiguration -> compareConfiguration.withEqualsIsStrict(false), () -> {
/// here equals behave like eq
}
This common case can also be accessed more concisely:
CompareConfiguration.withLooseEquals(() -> {
// code here
});
1.2. Formatting and configuration
A service loader is provided for implementations of AlgebraicElementFormatProvider
which can create instances of java.text.Format
which in turn can be used to convert algebraic elements to a string. #toString
can be based on it.
The formatters have access to a (thread local) configuration object (see ConfigurationService). Like this a consistent way is available to configure how e.g. uncertainties must be represented. Currently, this configuration object can only be filled by code. The base configuration object in itself is empty, but the available `AlgebraicElementFormatProvider`s communicate the 'configuration aspects' which it can use.
The service giving access to the format-providers is FormatService
. This is a collection of static functions.
1.2.1. unicode
Formatting normally happens using unicode if possible. So if it is common in mathematics or physics to use super scripts, sub scripts, greek letters or other special symbols, then this will be done as good as possible using just unicode characters and modifiers.
1.3. Utilities
To implement several aspects of the groups there are provided some utility class. We describe here a few which might be of particular interest.
1.3.1. Cartesian product of streams
All countable, Streamable
algebras need to implement a stream providing all elements. This is not always trivial. It may require to produce all combinations of all elements of two or more underlying streams of objects.
For finite streams this is more or less trivial. For infinite streams this is a bit more interesting.
Generic
StreamUtils
provides several utilities related to streams.
The most generic implementation requires for every axis a supplier for the stream, which will be used every time the first value of the stream is needed again.
This implementation then only advances streams, and needs no state otherwise.
Diagonals
The 2 dimensional plane of integers traditionally can be filled by tracking diagonals. StreamUtils
provides an implementation of that too. It is harder to generalize this to more dimensions, and also it requires that streams can be tracked reversely.
2. statistics
Implementations of UncertainDouble
, which are based on calculating standard deviations on sets of incoming data, and use that as the uncertainty value.
Also, it includes some classes to keep track of 'sliding window' values of averages.
WindowedEventRate rate = WindowedEventRate.builder()
.bucketCount(50)
.window(Duration.ofMinutes(50))
.build();
rate.newEvent();
...
..
log.info("Measured rate: {} /s", rate.getRate(TimeUnit.SECONDS) + " #/s");
log.info("Measured rate: {}", rate); // toString
3. physics
This module involves mostly around PhysicalNumber
and its derivatives. A PhysicalNumber
is a UncertainDouble
, but the uncertainty is stated (it is a Measurement
), and knows how to propagate those uncertainties when doing algebraic operations.
Also, a PhysicalNumber
can be assigned Units
. This can be used for proper displaying the value, and for dimensional analysis.
import static org.meeuw.physics.Measurement.measurement;
import static org.meeuw.physics.SI.*;
import static org.meeuw.physics.SI.DecimalPrefix.k;
import static org.meeuw.physics.SI.DecimalPrefix.none;
import static org.meeuw.physics.SIUnit.kg;
import static org.meeuw.physics.SIUnit.m;
...
PhysicalNumber twoLightYear = new Measurement(2, 0.1, ly); //
PhysicalNumber oneParsec = measurement(1, 0.1, pc); // using the static import as a shortcut
assertThat(twoLightYear.plus(oneParsec).toString()).isEqualTo("5.3 ± 0.4 ly");
assertThat(oneParsec.plus(twoLightYear).toString()).isEqualTo("1.61 ± 0.13 pc");
assertThat(oneParsec.plus(twoLightYear).eq(twoLightYear.plus(oneParsec))).isTrue(); //different toString does not mean that they represent a different value
log.info("{} + {} = {}", twoLightYear, oneParsec, twoLightYear.plus(oneParsec));
Physical numbers themselves are actually only forming a multiplicative group, because they cannot be added without constraints. In this example they can only be added to each other because both values have the same dimensions (both are about distance).
Physical numbers can freely be multiplied and divided by each other.
Objects of the statistic module can be converted to 'physical numbers' like so:
WindowedEventRate rate = ...
PhysicalNumber measurement = new Measurement(rate);
PhysicalNumber rateInHours = measurement.toUnits(Units.of(SI.hour).reciprocal());
StatisticalDouble statisticalDouble = new StatisticalDouble();
statisticalDouble.enter(10d, 11d, 9d);
PhysicalNumber measurement = new Measurement(statisticalDouble, Units.of(SI.min));
assertThat(measurement.toUnits(Units.of(SIUnit.s)).toString()).isEqualTo("600 ± 45 s");
4. algebra
This contains various implementations of the algebraic structure interfaces of mihxil-math
. Like RationalNumber
(modelling of rational numbers ℚ), and the rotation group SO(3).
4.1. Features
4.1.1. Real numbers
The field of real numbers. Backed by java primitive double
. A RealNumber
is also 'uncertain', which is used to keep track of rounding errors.
-
element
RealNumber
-
structure
RealField
4.1.2. Arbitrary precision real numbers
The field of reals numbers, but backed by java’s BigDecimal
. This means that it supports arbitrary precision, but, since this still
is not exact this still is uncertain, and rounding errors are propagated.
-
element
BigDecimalElement
-
structure
BigDecimalField
4.1.3. Rational numbers
The field of rational numbers. Implemented using two arbitrary sized BigIntegers
.
-
element
RationalNumber
-
structure
RationalNumbers
Also, since division is exact in this field, this does not implement UncertainNumber
.
The cardinality is countable (ℵ0) so this does implement Streamable
.
4.1.4. Permutations
The permutation group. An example of a non-abelian finite group.
-
element
Permutation
-
structure
PermutationGroup
This is group is finite, so streamable. This means that the group also contains an implementation of 'all permutations' (this is non-trivial, it’s using Knuth’s algorithm).
The permutation elements themselves are implemented as a java.util.function.UnaryOperator
on Object[]
which then performs the actual permutation.
4.1.5. Integers
The most basic algebraic structure which can be created from integers are the integers (ℤ) themselves. They form a ring:
-
element
IntegerElement
-
structure
Integers
4.1.6. Even integers
As an example of a 'rng' (a ring without the existence of the multiplicative identity 1), the even integers can serve
-
element
EvenIntegerElement
-
structure
EvenIntegers
4.1.7. Natural numbers
In the natural numbers ℕ (the non-negative integers), there can be no subtraction. So they only form a 'monoid' (both additive and multiplicative).
-
element
NaturalNumber
-
structure
NaturalNumbers
4.1.8. Modulo groups
Integers can be simply restricted via modulo arithmetic to form a finite ring:
-
element
ModuloRingElement
-
structure
ModuloRing
If the 'divisor' is a prime, then they even form a field, because the reciprocal can be defined:
-
element
ModuleFieldElement
-
structure
ModuloField
4.1.9. Complex numbers
Another well-known field is the field of complex numbers.
-
element
ComplexNumber
-
structure
ComplexNumbers
4.1.10. Quaternions
Quaternions are forming a 'non-commutative' field, a DivisionRing
-
element
Quaternion
-
structure
Quaternions
4.1.11. Matrix and rotation groups
SO(3)
Another non-abelian (not-commutative) multiplicative group.
-
element
Rotation
-
structure
RotationGroup
4.1.12. Strings
Actually one of the simplest algebraic object you can think of are the strings. They form an additive monoid, an algebraic structure with only one operation (addition).
-
element
StringElement
-
structure
StringMonoid
Their cardinality is only ℵ0, so StringMonoid
also contains an implementation to stream all possible strings.
4.1.13. Vector spaces
Vector spaces, which manage vectors
, are basically fixed sized sets of scalars
, but combine that with several vector operations like cross and inner products.
5. Compatibility
This project is compiled with java 17, and provided JPMS module info, but for know is compatible with java 8.
6. ConfigurationService
ConfigurationService
is responsible for managing the Configuration
thread locals.
Like this it can be consulted
import org.meeuw.configuration.Configuration;
import org.meeuw.configuration.ConfigurationService;
import org.meeuw.math.text.configuration.NumberConfiguration;
import org.meeuw.math.text.configuration.UncertaintyConfiguration;
import static org.meeuw.configuration.ConfigurationService.*;
...
Configuration configuration = getConfiguration();
NumberConfiguration aspect = configuration.getAspect(NumberConfiguration.class);
int minimalExponent = aspect.getMinimalExponent();
This would however probably mainly be used in implementations.
Actual configuration can be done in two basically distinct ways.
-
a new configuration object can be set as a thread local
-
global default configuration object can be set
{
//noinspection resource
setConfiguration(builder ->
builder.configure(NumberConfiguration.class,
(numberConfiguration) -> numberConfiguration.withMinimalExponent(8)
)
);
//...code...
ConfigurationService.resetToDefaults();
}
// or using Autocloseable
try (Reset ignored = setConfiguration(builder ->
builder.configure(NumberConfiguration.class,
(numberConfiguration) -> numberConfiguration.withMinimalExponent(8)
)
)) {
;
//...code...
}
There are some utilities in ConfigurationService
that makes this process a bit easier.
withConfiguration((con) ->
con.configure(UncertaintyConfiguration.class,
(uncertaintyConfiguration) -> uncertaintyConfiguration.withNotation(UncertaintyConfiguration.Notation.PARENTHESES))
.configure(NumberConfiguration.class,
(numberConfiguration) -> numberConfiguration.withMinimalExponent(3))
, () -> {
// code
});
Global defaults can be set similarly
defaultConfiguration((configurationBuilder) ->
configurationBuilder.configure(NumberConfiguration.class, c -> c.withMinimalExponent(4))
.configure(UncertaintyConfiguration.class, c -> c.withNotation(UncertaintyConfiguration.Notation.PLUS_MINUS))
);
ConfigurationService itself is not actually math related, and is released in a separate artifact.
7. Theory testing
- NOTE
-
Package structure was changed in
0.12.0
.
For testing the structures and object of mihxil-math, this provides 'property-based' testing, based on jqwik.
This is provided as a set of interfaces named …Theory
. Tests can implement these interfaces, and all contracts are tested. This normally requires the tests to implement a set of datapoints ore 'elements'.
7.1. Non math related theories
See org.meeuw.theories
for theories not directly related to mathematical structures, but merely to java contracting like e.g.
| class | goal | (example) methods |
|---|---|---|
Tests basic properties of any java object, mainly consistency of |
|
|
If an object is also |
|
|
The |
|


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Hong Kong pro-democracy parties take 390 of 452 district council seats: RTHK
(Reuters) - Hong Kong pro-democracy parties took 390 of 452 district council seats, or nearly 90%, local broadcaster RTHK said on Monday, a day after residents turned out in record numbers to vote following six months of anti-government protests.


A Physics handler for `MMD` resources.
[name] calculates Physics for model loaded by [page:MMDLoader] with [link:https://github.com/kripken/ammo.js/ ammo.js] (Bullet-based JavaScript Physics engine).
[name] is an add-on, and must be imported explicitly. See [link:#manual/introduction/Installation Installation / Addons].
import { MMDPhysics } from 'three/addons/animation/MMDPhysics.js';
let physics;
// Load MMD resources and instantiate MMDPhysics
new MMDLoader().load(
'models/mmd/miku.pmd',
function ( mesh ) {
physics = new MMDPhysics( mesh )
scene.add( mesh );
}
);
function render() {
const delta = clock.getDelta();
animate( delta ); // update bones
if ( physics !== undefined ) physics.update( delta );
renderer.render( scene, camera );
}
[example:webgl_loader_mmd]
[example:webgl_loader_mmd_audio]
[page:SkinnedMesh mesh] — [page:SkinnedMesh] for which [name] calculates Physics.
[page:Array rigidBodyParams] — An array of [page:Object] specifying Rigid Body parameters.
[page:Array constraintParams] — (optional) An array of [page:Object] specifying Constraint parameters.
[page:Object params] — (optional)
Creates a new [name].
[page:SkinnedMesh] passed to the constructor.
Return [page:MMDPhysicsHelper]. You can visualize Rigid bodies by adding the helper to scene.
Resets Rigid bodies transform to current bone's.
[page:Vector3 gravity] — Direction and volume of gravity.
Set gravity.
[page:Number delta] — Time in second.
Advance Physics calculation and updates bones.
[page:Number delta] — Time in second.
Warm up Rigid bodies. Calculates cycles steps.
[link:https://github.com/mrdoob/three.js/blob/master/examples/jsm/animation/MMDPhysics.js examples/jsm/animation/MMDPhysics.js]


We have these kinds of JSON output available for you
Standard W3C recommended This output format is specified in the official W3C recommendation for displaying SPARQL query set results.
Sesame This output format is provided by Sesame datastores. It basically converts the XML format to an equivalent JSON format, which is not a good format in terms of machine readability.
{%if in_query_builder_action %}Experimental This output format is a suggested experimental format which is useful to explore data output when you have queried data which are objects of some class(es).
{% endif %}
STEP 1 : You need to write your template in .txt file.
Not sure how your template should be? Download the template from here : Download template
STEP 2 : Ready with the template file ? Awesome !! Now all you have to do is upload that file below.
The uploaded template file is a valid template. You can now proceed to download your final serialization output :)


--- layout: default title: Hunter Whaples ---
Originally from Greenbelt, Maryland, I graduated from the Science and Technology Program at Eleanor Roosevelt High School in 2017. Currently, I am an undergraduate general engineering major at Harvey Mudd College, an elite STEM liberal arts college in Claremont, California.
My academic focus has been at the intersection of core chemical engineering and industrial management. In summer 2019, as a recipient of the Riggs Fellowship for Engineering Management, I spearheaded complete factory floor renovations at two companies: Ametek Ameron and Mission Rubber.
In the spring of 2020, I designed and deployed a novel Halon 1301 distillation system with a team of fellow undergraduate engineers for the corporate liaison, Ametek Ameron.
Most recently, as a recipient of the Lewis Fellowship for Engineering Professional Practice, I have performed materials science and separation systems research with the Molecular Diffusion Laboratory at Harvey Mudd College. Through this work, I have completed coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of neat and nanocomposite polymers to better understand anomalous permeability and selectivity behavior first recorded by T.C. Merkel et al.
Currently, I am working for Mee Panyar, a social enterprise in Myanmmar working to bring solar electricity to the country's rural villages. I am applying by background and machine learning and data analytics to build an anomaly detection MVP in order to improve system reliability.
Feel free to reach out by LinkedIn or through my contact information on my online resume.


Hi there!, I am Danny
I am full stack web, and Mobile application developer based in sicilicon valley.
I am currently lookig for a position in Software engineering,
with an enphasys in full stack Android, or Web application development.
I have a Bachelor's Degree in computer science, and will persuit a master
after getting work experience in the tech industry.
Programming languages are powerful tools, that when used properly one can build amazing things. I do not bound myself to a specific langauge, I rather use what is best suited for the job.


Try out our Premium Member services: Virtual Legal Assistant, Query Alert Service and an ad-free experience. Free for one month and pay only if you like it.
* IN THE HIGH COURT OF DELHI AT NEW DELHI Reserved on : 05.09.2013 Pronounced on: 30.09.2013 + IA Nos. 16249/2012(u/S 151 CPC) and 16250/2012 (for condonation of delay in re-filing application no.16249/12) in CS(OS) 2400/2011 RAJESH KUMAR NAGPAL & ORS ..... Plaintiffs Through Mr.Rajshekhar Rao and Mr.K.Harshvardhan Reddy, Advocates versus M/S SILVER GRAND SERVICES & ORS ..... Defendants Through Mr. Madan Gera, Advocate alongwith Mr.Parminder Singh/defendant no.2 in person CORAM: HON'BLE MR. JUSTICE JAYANT NATH JAYANT NATH, J.
IA No. 16249/2012 (u/S 151 CPC) and 16250/2012 (for condonation of delay in re-filing application no.16249/12)
1. This is an application filed by the defendants for modification of order dated 24.11.2011 and 22.12.2011 and for further direction that rent and conversion charges to be paid to the plaintiff be suspended till the applicants/defendants get license from the statutory authority.
2. The present suit is filed by the plaintiff for declaration, permanent injunction, recovery of possession, recovery of arrears of rent, mesne profits and damages. The issue pertains to a property being A-1, Plot No. 54, Rama IA No. in CS(OS)No.2400 /2011 Page 1 of 21 Road, Najafgarh Road, Industrial Area, New Delhi-110015 measuring 700 sq. yards comprising basement, ground, first, second and third floors. As per the plaint, the plaintiff had entered into a registered lease agreement dated 3rd August, 2010 whereby the basement, entire ground floor, entire first floor and 3rd floor with terrace as elaborated in the said agreement was let out to the defendants for the purpose of running a Banquet Hall w.e.f. 1st October, 2010. As per the lease agreement, the monthly rent of Rs.7,49,742/- and monthly sum of Rs. 1,42,500 towards annual conversion charges plus other dues were payable to the plaintiff for demised premises. It is stated in the plaint that on account of various reasons, the defendants were in violation of the terms of the lease agreement. Hence, legal notice dated 15.09.2011 was sent to the defendants stating that the lease agreement stands cancelled on account of breach Clause „8‟of the lease agreement and calling upon the defendants to deliver vacant physical possession of the demised premises to the plaintiff. As defendant did not vacate, the present Suit was filed.
3. On 24.11.2011, a consent order was passed by this Court, relevant portion of which reads as follows:-
"After extensive arguments, it has been agreed between the parties that with effect from 21st December, 2011, the defendants will not run or operate any banquet hall in the suit premises without obtaining all statutory permissions including consent from DPCC, licence from MCD and registration/licence under Delhi Police Act. It has been further agreed that the defendants will be at liberty to install only the effluent treatment plant on the roof of the third floor of the suit property without any hindrance from the plaintiffs. It has also been agreed that the defendants will pay all the arrears of rent and conversion IA No. in CS(OS)No.2400 /2011 Page 2 of 21 charges and will also issue TDS Certificates in respect of the income-tax already deducted by them at source within two weeks from today and will continue to pay an amount equivalent to the agreed rent and conversion charges, regularly, to the plaintiffs.
This consent order is being passed without prejudice to the respective rights and contentions of the parties. It is made clear that the defendants will be at liberty to resume the running of banquet hall, after they obtain all the statutory clearances in terms of this order. This order is to remain operative during pendency of this suit. Wherever required, the plaintiffs will give the requisite NOC to the defendants in order to enable them the statutory clearances. The plaintiffs will also provide proof of deposit of service tax to the defendants within two weeks. The defendants will furnish an undertaking to this Court today itself, to pay the arrears in terms of this order within two weeks from today."
4. The next material order is dated 22.12.2011 passed by this Court on IA No. 20767/2011 which was filed by the defendants under Section 151 CPC seeking directions for depositing arrears of rent without prejudice and for extension to run the Banquet Hall. The following order was passed.
"Vide consent order dated 24th November, 2011, it was directed that with effect from 21st December, 2011, the defendants would not run or operate any banquet hall in the suit premises without obtaining all statutory permissions including consent from DPCC, licence from MCD and registration/licence under Delhi Police Act. It was also agreed that the defendants would pay all the arrears of rent and conversion charges and would also issue TDS Certificates in respect of the income-tax already deducted by them at source within two weeks from the date of the order and would continue to pay an amount equivalent to the agreed rent and conversion charges, regularly, to the plaintiffs. A pay order of Rs.52,58,452/- has been handed over to the learned counsel for the plaintiffs today in the Court. The learned counsel IA No. in CS(OS)No.2400 /2011 Page 3 of 21 for the defendants states that the pay order covers arrears of rent and conversion charges upto November, 2011 and admits that rent and conversion charges which were payable on 2nd December, 2011 have not been paid. He undertakes to pay those charges to the plaintiffs within a week.
The defendants are also seeking extension of time upto which they can run or operate the banquet hall without obtaining statutory permissions in terms of the consent order dated 24th November, 2011. The request is vehemently opposed by the learned counsel for the plaintiffs. The contention of the learned counsel for the defendants is that the defendants had made certain bookings which inadvertently could not be brought to the notice of the Court on 24th November, 2011 and the defendants are seeking extension of time in order to honour those bookings. However, the fact remains that no application was filed by the defendants soon after 24th November, 2011 for extension of time to run the bookings without statutory permissions. Since the request for extension of time has been opposed and running of a banquet hall in the suit premises would not be in conformity with the statutory provisions of Water(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, Air(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, Municipal Corporation of Delhi Act and Delhi Police Act, I cannot grant extension sought by the defendants.
5. By the present application, the defendants are seeking suspension of rent till the applicants get the license from the statutory authority and modification of the above orders dated 24.11.2011 and 22.12.2011 to that extent.
6. It is the contention of the defendants that the property in question was let out for running a Banquet Hall. It is stated in the application that the defendants have applied for Health Trade License and fire NOC but the authorities have apprised the defendants that it will take substantial time and IA No. in CS(OS)No.2400 /2011 Page 4 of 21 for this reason, running of the Banquet Hall would be jeopardised and livelihood of the defendants‟ employees would be at stake. It is stated that in compliance of order dated 24.11.2011, the defendants are depositing the arrears of rent and issuing the TDS certificates. It is further stated that the defendants have already made bookings up to April 2012 for the Banquet Hall which were made in the month of October, 2011 and when IA No. 20767/2011 was moved earlier, inadvertently the defendants did not mention this fact. It is further stated that order dated 22.12.2011 was passed and permission to run the Banquet Hall without necessary compliance was denied by this Court on account of vehement opposition by the plaintiff. Hence, it is prayed that the said orders dated 24.11.2011 and 22.12.2012 be modified and the rent be suspended for the period Banquet Hall has not run.
7. It is noteworthy that this application was filed on 02.01.2012 but it was lying in objection. It has been re-filed on 28.08.2012. Hence, along with this application IA No. 16250/2012 was filed under Section 5 of the Limitation Act for condonation of delay in re-filing of the application. It is stated that there is a delay of 206 days and the said delay be condoned.
8. To further buttress the contention of the defendants in this application, an additional affidavit dated 20.09.2012 has also been filed by one of the partners of the defendant No. 1. In the additional affidavit reliance is placed on Clause 1 and Clause 5 of the lease deed. Clause 1 of the lease deed states that the lessors are the absolute owners. Clause 5 states that there is no impediment, legal or otherwise for letting the suit property. It is stated that these clauses imply representations and undertakings of the lessor which IA No. in CS(OS)No.2400 /2011 Page 5 of 21 tantamount to representation stating that the property is fit to be used for running a Banquet Hall, meaning thereby that property in question was legally and validly constructed after getting the building plans sanctioned from Municipal Corporation of Delhi and complying with all the norms of fire safety measures and other statutory compliances as prescribed by law. It is stated that pursuant to the objections from the Chief Fire Officer, the defendants called upon the plaintiffs to handover certified copy of the sanctioned building plans as sanctioned by the MCD. It is stated that a reminder was sent to the defendants vide letter dated 02.03.2012 calling upon the plaintiffs to expedite giving of the sanctioned plans. Subsequent reminders were also sent. However, the plaintiffs have never given the sanctioned building plans on account of which the defendants could not obtain requisite „No Objection‟ from the Fire Department. Consequently, the Trade Health License could not be given by the Municipal Corporation of Delhi. Hence, it is claimed that the plaintiffs miserably failed to perform their obligations under the lease deed. It is also stated that despite directions vide order dated 24.11.2011 of this Court, the plaintiffs failed to file the NOC in the form of furnishing sanctioned building plans and hence, the defendants could not get the requisite permission. Hence, it is claimed that the Banquet Hall could not be continued resulting in huge financial loss to the defendants and consequently, failure of the defendants to pay the monthly rent as well as conversion charges to the plaintiffs. It is stated that the defendants have invested huge amount of Rs. 3 crores for carrying out renovation of the building. The closure of the Banquet Hall is directly attributable to the inactions and deliberate omissions on the part of the plaintiffs. It is hence stated that the defendants are entitled for directions for IA No. in CS(OS)No.2400 /2011 Page 6 of 21 suspension of rent from 1st December, 2011 onwards.
9. I have heard learned counsel for the parties.
10. Learned counsel for the defendant/appellant has relied upon Section 108 (a) of the Transfer of Property Act which provides that the lessor is bound to disclose to the lessee any material defect in the property with reference to its intended use to submit that the fact that the plaintiffs did not possess sanctioned build plan and completion certificate is a fact hidden from the defendants which has resulted in the defendants suffering huge losses. It is argued that the property, as per the lease deed was rented out for running a banquet hall. In terms of Clauses 1 and 5 of the lease deed, the plaintiffs were obliged to provide the necessary sanctioned plans and completion certificates to enable the defendants to get the requisite sanctions. Reliance is placed on letter dated 21.02.2011 issued by the Deputy Health Officer, MCD where the MCD has informed the defendants that for grant of health trade license, the NOC from Fire Department is mandatory. Reliance is also placed on a letter dated 15.03.2011 from the said Department which repeats the said contention. Reference is then made to the letter dated 02.06.2011from the said Health Department rejecting the request for grant of health trade license. It is argued that MCD took the step on account of non-supply of sanctioned plans and completion certificate by the plaintiffs. It is also argued that the plaintiffs did not let the defendants install the Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP). Reliance is placed on the lease deed which provides that the leased premises include terrace rights for installations of generator or Effluent Treatment Plant, etc. It is stated that the IA No. in CS(OS)No.2400 /2011 Page 7 of 21 plaintiffs illegally blocked the defendants from putting the said ETP. Accordingly, legal notice dated 02.06.2011 was sent to the plaintiffs whereby the counsel for the defendants had requested the plaintiffs to allow his clients/defendants to install the ETP as per the lease deed failing which the defendants would be constrained to take legal action in accordance with law. The plaintiff is stated to have given a reply to the said legal notice dated 08.06.2011 where it is submitted that the defendant has tried to twist the clauses of the lease agreement. It is stated that because of this conduct of the plaintiff, the ETP could not be installed and the Statutory Authorities took appropriate action. It is stated that on account of the said conduct of the plaintiff, the defendant no.1 was forced to file CS(OS) 1720/2011 for permanent and mandatory injunction against the plaintiffs. Reliance is also placed on a show cause notice issued by the Delhi Pollution Control Committee dated 11.02.2011 under the Air (Prevention and Control Pollution) Act, 1981 and Water (Prevention And Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. The notice stated that the defendants were discharging waste water directly into the sewer/drain and no ETP was found installed. Reliance is also placed on a closure notice dated 24.03.2011 passed under the said Acts directing closure of the unit of the defendants. Direction was also issued to NDPL and DJB to disconnect water and electricity supply. A communication was also issued by the said DPCC to DJB and NDPL on 09.05.2011 to disconnect water and electricity supply. Learned counsel for the defendants has also relied on the letter dated 24.01.2012 which is attached to the additional affidavit issued by Delhi Fire Service where various objections to the building plans have been pointed out. Reference is also made to a letter dated 27.02.2012 where the Delhi Fire Service IA No. in CS(OS)No.2400 /2011 Page 8 of 21 demanded building plans duly approved by the MCD. Reference is made to a letter dated 02.03.2012 written to the plaintiffs stating that for letting out complete building plans are mandatory and the same may be provided. Thereafter, the learned counsel submits that several reminders have been sent to the plaintiffs but to no effect.
11. It is further argued that the plaintiffs have instead started writing to the authorities that the defendants have been functioning from the premises without appropriate sanctions and requesting the authorities to take action against the defendant. Hence, it is stated that the plaintiffs were instrumental in getting the unit of the defendants closed. On the basis of the above facts, it is submitted that the orders dated 24.11.2011 and 22.12.2011 are liable to be modified and the payment of rent be suspended.
12. Learned counsel for the defendants has also relied upon judgment in the case of Surendra Nath Bibra vs. Stephen Court Ltd., AIR 1966 SC 61, N.K. Baslas vs. Krishan Lal, 1973 RLR 14 and Hakim Sardar Bahadur vs. Tej Parkash Singh, AIR 1962 P and H 385 to argue that the court has power to issue direction for suspension of payment of rent.
13. Learned counsel appearing for the plaintiffs has on the contrary argued that the present application is nothing but an attempt by the defendants to wriggle out of the consent order dated 24.11.2011. He submits that after order of this Court dated 24.11.2011, the defendants have initiated various proceedings in none of which they got any relief. It is pointed out that IA No. 20767/2011 was filed seeking extension of time up to which IA No. in CS(OS)No.2400 /2011 Page 9 of 21 they can run or operate the Banquet Hall without obtaining statutory permission in terms of the consent order dated 24.11.2011. This application was dismissed on 22.12.2011. In IA No. 20767/2011, the only contention that was raised by the defendants was that they have applied for health trade license and Fire NOC but that authorities have stated that it will take substantial time and therefore this would jeopardise the running of the Banquet Hall.
14. It is stated that against order dated 22.12.2011 an appeal being FAO (OS) 623/2011 was filed. The said FAO (OS) was dismissed as withdrawn on 02.01.2012 with liberty to the defendants to approach the appropriate authorities for obtaining necessary permission. Similarly, an IA No. 584/2012 was also filed by the defendantsseeking modification of order dated 22.12.2011 stating that order dated 24.11.2011 be modified by granting extension of time to run the Banquet Hall up to 26.04.2012. It is pointed out by the learned counsel for the plaintiffs that even in this application the defendants have stated that they have bookings up to April 2012. It is further stated that MCD has stated to the defendants that issuance of license is a lengthy process and that though the applicants have submitted "all the relevant documents required for issuance of a license" but it is a very cumbersome process. In the application, the defendants further stated that all the relevant documents required for issuance of the licence have been submitted by the defendants but it is a cumbersome process. This application was dismissed as withdrawn on the request of the defendant in view of the order of the Division Bench dated 02.01.2010, on 13.01.2012. It is further stated that a third application i.e. IA No. 1091/2012 was filed by IA No. in CS(OS)No.2400 /2011 Page 10 of 21 the defendants for permission to run the Banquet Hall in view of the bookings already made. In this application, contradictory stands are taken by the defendant. In para 4, for the first time an allegation is made that the building plan is not submitted to the MCD as the plaintiff has failed to supply the same. For NOC from the Fire Department it is stated that the same could not be approved as various documents were not given by the plaintiffs on time. In para 40, it is further stated that after getting papers from the plaintiff, the defendant has again applied for licence which is pending approval to run the banquet hall. It is further stated in the application that the defendant has submitted all the relevant document required for issuance of licence.
15. It is urged that the averments clearly show that the defendants were fully aware of the factual situation. They have at no stage ever sought from the plaintiffs copies of the completion certificate or sanctioned building plans. For the first time that such demand was made was only an afterthought with an attempt to try to wriggle out of the consent order passed on 24.11.2011. For the first time such a request has been made much after the order dated 24.11.2011. Learned counsel for the plaintiffs also relies upon an application form which is placed on record by the defendants along with the additional affidavit which is submitted by the defendant to MCD. In the said application form in Column 12, the defendants filled the form stating that the premises is not approved/regularised as per the building bye- laws. This application form is dated 16.02.2010 (probably should read 16.02.2011). Relying on this, it is submitted that this unequivocally shows that the defendants knew the exact status of the building. The present IA No. in CS(OS)No.2400 /2011 Page 11 of 21 demand for sanctioned building plans and for completion certificate etc. which is now being raised after order dated 24.11.2011 is only an afterthought. Learned counsel also relies upon a report regarding adequacy of the effluent treatment plan set up by the defendant in the suit property which is filed by the defendant which is stated to be dated 27.04.2011 where it is stated that the defendants have set up the effluent treatment plant. Reliance is also placed on various portions of the said report where a submission is made that the plant is adequate and in order. On the basis of this report, it is argued that the contention of the defendants that there was hindrance on the part of the plaintiffs in allowing the defendants to set up the ETP is misconceived and an erroneous argument which is contrary to the document filed by the defendants themselves.
16. Learned counsel also relies upon the certificate issued by the Chartered Accountant of the defendants dated 04.05.2011 which states that the defendants have spent a sum of Rs. 35,82,700/- in renovation of the suit premises. Hence, it is stated that the contention of the defendants in the additional affidavit that they have spent a sum of Rs. 3 crores in renovating the building is completely false and a mischievous argument contrary to the documents placed on record by the defendants themselves.
17. Learned counsel has pointed out that after the lease dated 03.08.2010 between the parties, the defendants have started running the Banquet Hall in January 2011. It was the obligation of the defendants to procure necessary clearances. Reliance is placed on Clause „8‟ of the lease deed (internal page No. 13) where it is categorically stated that the defendants shall not indulge IA No. in CS(OS)No.2400 /2011 Page 12 of 21 in any illegal activity which is against law. It is further stated that the obligation of the lessors was only confined to providing an NOC to the lessee as clearly stipulated in Clause 11 (internal page 13) of the lease deed.
18. Reliance is also placed, apart from order of the Division Bench dated 02.01.2012, upon an order of this court dated 22.05.2013 and 12.07.2013 in the execution petition.
19. In rebuttal, the learned counsel for the defendants has tried to stress that the reliance of the learned counsel for the plaintiffs on the report to state that ETP has been installed is incorrect as this was only an attempt by the defendants to get the necessary license. Similarly, it is pointed out that the certificate issued by the Chartered Accountant which is relied upon by the learned counsel for the plaintiffs is erroneous and is a document manipulated and procured.
20. The admitted fact is that the defendants paid the arrears of rent up to November, 2011. The premises were vacated on 19.11.2012. Hence, rental and other dues are unpaid for the period December, 2011 to 19.11.2012.
21. Firstly, as far as the consent order dated 24.11.2012 is concerned, this Court while dismissing review in the execution petition on 12.07.2013 has categorically confirmed that the order dated 24.11.2011 has to be read as a whole and as per the order the defendants were not only to pay the arrears of rent, conversion charges and TDS certificates but also the future rental.
IA No. in CS(OS)No.2400 /2011 Page 13 of 2122. Now I come to the demand of the defendants for remission of the rent for the period post December, 2011. The admitted fact is that till 24.11.2011, there is no document or letter or communication placed on record whereby it can be said that the defendants have ever demanded from the plaintiffs the sanctioned building plans. As rightly pointed out by the learned counsel appearing for the plaintiffs, even in IA No. 20767/2011 and IA No. 584/2012 filed by the defendant, the defendants have nowhere stated that there is default on the part of the plaintiffs. IA No. 20767/2011 is dated 20.12.2011. In this application, the defendants have pleaded that they have applied for the health trade license and fire NOC but there is likelihood that it will take some time. The said application further in para 9 states that though the defendants have applied for the trade health license and fire NOC but the same could not be approved as various documents were not given by the plaintiffs on time. IA No. 584/2012 is dated 13th January, 2012. In this application the defendants make a categorical averment in para 39 that they have submitted all the relevant document required for issuance of license but that it is a very cumbersome process. It is also stated in para 37 that after getting the papers from the plaintiffs the defendants have again applied for health license which is pending. There is no averment that the plaintiffs were obliged to supply the sanctioned building plans. IA No. 1091/2012 is dated 18th January, 2012 where for the first time in para 4 a submission is made that though the defendants have applied for license but the building plan has not been submitted as the plaintiff despite several requests failed to supply the same. This is very casual averment made in a small para in an application which has 46 paras. In fact in para 40 of the application, it is reiterated that the defendants have again applied for the trade health license IA No. in CS(OS)No.2400 /2011 Page 14 of 21 after getting the papers from the plaintiffs. Admittedly, as submitted by the learned counsel for the plaintiff, for the first time that the defendants asked the plaintiffs for a sanctioned building plan was as per the defendant vide letter dated 02.03.2012 i.e much after the lease deed dated 03.08.2010 and much after the defendant had started the banquet hall. This is also much after the consent order passed by this Court on 24.11.2011.
23. One also cannot help noticing the application placed on record by the defendants along with their additional affidavit i.e., a copy of the application to obtain trade license. Clause 12 of the said application with its answer reads as follows:-
"12. Whether the premises is approved/regularized as per the Building Bye-laws No."
24. This application is duly signed by the defendants and is dated 16.02.2010 (probably 16.02.2011). This document clearly demonstrates that the defendants stand is false. The document clearly shows that the defendants are fully aware of the full picture right from the beginning.
25. Even otherwise, the submission of the defendant does not appear to be plausible. The defendants claim themselves to be in the business of the hospitality services and running of banquet hall and restaurants. They claim to have taken a premises on rent at the rate of about Rs.10,00,000/- per month and claim to have spent Rs.3 Crore on renovation of the banquet hall. Given the experience of the defendants and the nature of the transaction, it is difficult to believe that the defendant would not have fully satisfied themselves about the building and various aspects before taking the said IA No. in CS(OS)No.2400 /2011 Page 15 of 21 premises on rent. Clearly, in view of the above facts, the submission of the defendant that the defendants were misled by the plaintiff and that the defendants were not aware that the plaintiffs do not have a sanctioned building plan or a completion certificate appears to be a manufactured argument only with a view to wriggle out of their liability to pay the rent.
26. One cannot also help noticing that the defendant has filed the present application in January 2012 and the same has been refilled after a delay of more than 200 days. The application, for the first time, appears to have been listed before the Court on 24.09.2012. Clearly the defendants were not serious about this application. One cannot help feeling that this application is only an attempt to try and delay the claim of the plaintiffs.
27. In view of the above, it is obvious that the demand for sanctioned building plans has been raised by the defendants for the first time after the consent order dated 24.11.2011. Clearly, this is an afterthought and the basis of which appears to be nothing but an attempt to wriggle out of the said consent order. Hence, the contention and submission of defendant that the rent is liable to be suspended as the plaintiffs suppressed vital facts from the defendant is a contention entirely without merits. The facts and documents placed on record by the defendant do not show that the plaintiff has suppressed material facts from the defendant.
28. The next argument of the learned counsel for the defendant relates to interpretation of the terms of the lease deed dated 03.08.2010.
29. Reference may be had to the clauses of the lease deed which are relied IA No. in CS(OS)No.2400 /2011 Page 16 of 21 upon by the defendants, namely, Clauses 1 and 5. The same reads as follows:-
"1. That the First Party/lessors are absolute owners and have power and authority to lease the Second Party/lessees the demised premise for the purpose stated herein.
........
5. That there is no impediment, legal or otherwise, for letting the scheduled demised premises."
30. A bare reading of the aforesaid Clauses of the lease deed does not in any way show that the plaintiffs have in any way represented regarding the legal status of the suit property which was being let out to the defendants. All that Clause 1 states is that the plaintiffs are the absolute owners and have powers to lease out the property. There is no dispute regarding title of the plaintiffs.
31. All that Clause 5 states is that there is no impediment on letting out the suit premises. The absence of the sanctioned building plans as stated by the defendants cannot be said to be an impediment for letting out the said premises.
32. In fact there is merit in the contention of the learned counsel for the plaintiffs that as per the lease deed the requisite sanctions were to be obtained from the statutory authorities by the defendant. The only obligation of the plaintiffs was as provided in Clause „11‟ (internal page 13) of the lease deed which reads as follows:-
"11. That the Lessors shall give the required N.O.Cs. to the IA No. in CS(OS)No.2400 /2011 Page 17 of 21 Lessees, if required by any Government Departments i.e. by DDA/MCD/Excise department/sales tax Department/Fire department etc. The LESSEE represents and confirms that it shall at all times obtain and maintain all necessary permissions and sanctions from the concerned authorities including the Central and State Excise, Food Department, Police, DDA, MCD, Pollution department or any govt. body, so as to enable to use the "Demised Premises" for running Banquet Hall and that such permissions and sanctions shall be in full force and effect during the terms of this Lease Agreement and such permissions shall be arranged by the LESSEE himself at its own costs and expenses for making the use of "Demised Premised" for the banquet purposes."
33. On the contrary, the above clause clearly states that the lessees (defendants) confirm that they will take all necessary permissions and sanctions from the concerned authorities to enable them for running the Banquet Hall. There is no mention of any document to be provided by the plaintiffs. The plaintiff has to only provide an NOC. The interpretation of the lease, as claimed by the defendant cannot be accepted. The terms of the lease deed, as argued by the defendant, do not warrant any suspension of rent, as claimed by the defendant.
34. I will now deal with one more contention of the defendant i.e., regarding setting up of ETPs. It is on account of this controversy that defendants have sent a legal notice to the plaintiffs on 02.06.2011 and on account of the same, the defendants had filed Suit No. 1720/2011. These are events which have taken place prior to consent order dated 24.11.2011. The defendants were fully aware about this controversy which appears to have been sorted out inasmuch as that is why the defendants had agreed to a IA No. in CS(OS)No.2400 /2011 Page 18 of 21 consent order dated 24.11.2011.
35. The reliance of learned counsel for the defendant on Section 108(a) of the Transfer of Property Act is also misplaced inasmuch as they have failed to show application of said provision in the facts of this case.
36. In view of the above, there are no grounds made out whatsoever by the defendant for remission of rent. The present application is nothing but an afterthought by the defendants to somehow wriggle out order dated 24.11.2011. Earlier such attempts have been struck down by the court but this is yet another attempt of doing the needful.
37. What cannot be ignored is that there was a relationship of lessor and tenant inasmuch as the defendants continued to enjoy the physical possession of the suit property. The defendants have surrendered possession on 19.11.2012. In case the property was of no use to the defendants, nothing prevented the defendants to handover the possession earlier without prejudice to their rights and contentions to claim damages from the plaintiff. The defendants cannot continue to retain possession of the suit property and also seek remission of rent on the ground that they were not being able to utilize the premises on account of their inability to obtain statutory permissions.
38. I may refer to the judgment of this Court in the case of Sanjay Gupta vs. Cottage Industries Exposition Ltd., 2008 (102) DRJ 234 where the court was dealing with the same request regarding remission/suspension of IA No. in CS(OS)No.2400 /2011 Page 19 of 21 arrears of rent. Though the court had accepted that in certain circumstances rent can be suspended but the Court held as follows:-
"39. In a landlord tenant dispute where their relationship is admitted, the obligation of the tenant to pay rent for the tenanted premises during the period that the tenant is in occupation of the premises cannot be disputed. Inherent in this admission is embedded an obligation to pay the rent/occupation charges, because the admission of the said relationship excludes a claim based on any other title to the property. The relationship between a landlord and a tenant is one where the tenant agrees to pay the rent/occupation charges in consideration for the right granted to him by the landlord to use and occupy the premises. Therefore, he cannot, while being in use or occupancy of the premises, not pay the rent/occupation charges therefore. However, the tenant may set up defences to justify suspension of his obligation to make payment of rent, of the kind raised in the present case. Once those defences have been considered and rejected by the court, it necessarily follows that the obligation of the tenant to pay the rent is established and the tenant holds the money due on account of rent on behalf of landlord."
39. Reference may also be had to the judgment of Supreme Court in the case of Union Carbide Corporation v. Union of India, AIR 1992 SC 248, where observations were made that a consent order is wholly dependent upon the legal validity of the agreement on which it rests. The consent order can be impeached only on the ground of fraud or any other grounds which invalidates the agreement. In the present case, the defendants have failed to establish any ground of fraud or any other ground which would justify the invalidating of agreement in the consent order.
40. Reliance of the learned counsel for defendants on the judgments in the IA No. in CS(OS)No.2400 /2011 Page 20 of 21 case of Surendra Nath Bibra vs. Stephen Court Ltd., AIR 1966 SC 1361, N.K. Baslas vs. Krishan Lal, 1973 RLR 14 and Hakim Sardar Bahadur vs. Tej Parkash Singh, AIR 1962 PH 385 is misplaced. The Court would have powers to remit the rent or suspend the rent in appropriate cases. On the facts of the present case, there are no grounds for remission of rent.
41. The present application is dismissed with costs quantified at Rs. 20,000/-.
I.A. No. 16250/2012 I have considered the above matter on merits namely, I.A. No. 16249/2012. The present application for condonation of delay in re-filing the application is infructuous and no orders are required to be passed in this application.
CS(OS) 2400/2011 List on 22.10.2013 for consideration of pending applications.
JAYANT NATH, J SEPTEMBER 30, 2013 rb IA No. in CS(OS)No.2400 /2011 Page 21 of 21


d-portal.org aims to be a simple user interface to search and browse all IATI data relating to a specific country.
The final product will be available as a set of HTML, Javascript, and CSS files.
Since HTML/CSS/Javascript are the technologies of the web, and are widely used and understood, we believe this is a good option for easy adoption by others, for easy deployment, and for easy re-configuration/customisation.
d-portal.org is a country-based information platform that tracks resource flows. It is aimed at providing line ministries, parliamentarians and civil society with information that can assist with the planning and monitoring of development activities.
In its first iteration it contains current data published through the International Aid Transparency Initiative (IATI) as well as the most recent (2012) data published by the OECD DAC Creditor Reporting System. Future development will include, inter alia, data from Aid Information Management Systems, national budgets and a range of comparable socio-economic indicators.
In its first iteration the platform poses two questions: where do resources come from, and where do they go (by sector and location)? Recent , current and future data is presented and compared across data sources.
In order to answer these questions from a country perspective it is insufficient merely to display available data: it is equally important to plot the gaps in the information. Coping with poor quality or missing data is an essential part of the information interface.
d-portal.org is an open source platform. While it provides a generic deployment for any country it has been developed with the specific intention of being customised in-country to meet local needs. A prototype local application for Nepal is currently being developed in parallel to the core engine.
d-portal.org has been jointly funded by IATI and Development Initiatives (DI). IATI is keen to promote the access to IATI-formatted data at country level. DI is committed to improving access to information by implementing joined-up data solutions.
SAVi is a simple activity viewer for IATI XML that you can view in real time, online, in your favourite browser.
SAVi uses CSS and javascript to display otherwise complex-looking XML into a format that is easier to read and digest.


Hello everyone! Welcome to the start of blog.js, a blogging engine based on node.js. The code is currently resides at github, and is released under MIT/BSD license. It is my hope that this blogging framework will be a good example of how to build a full-fledged web application using node js (and a custom framework that anyone can use tentatively named b.js.
On this page, you can play around with the current version of blog.js, and if you have any questions, please direct it to the github page. I (jasonwang), also hang out in #node.js at irc.freenode.net


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By definition, [1] functional derivative of a functional with respect to along the ‘direction’ of is
As an example, the functional derivative of is
Now the problem appears. We have an unknown function which makes sense because we haven’t specify a direction of the derivative yet.
For a physicist, the savior of integral is Dirac delta. So we use delta distribution as the direction in the functional derivative of action which is an integral,
It can be ambiguous to just write down without an example. Here is the previous example continued,
It seems that we can just think of as a variable then take the ordinary derivative with respect to it. It is NOT true.
Consider such a functional where ‘ means the derivative of .
which is not that straightforward to understand from function derivatives.
| [1] | Chapter 15 of Physical Mathematics |
Legendre transformation is NOT just some algebra. Given as a function of , which is shown in blue, we could find the distance between a line and the function value .
However, as we didn’t fix , this means that the distance
varies according to . This is a transformation that maps a function to some other function which depends on the parameter . A more pedagogical way of writing this is
To have a Legendre transformation, let’s choose a relation between and . One choice is to make sure we have a maximum distance given , which means the we choose is the point that makes the slope of the same as the line . In the language of math, the condition we require is
which indeed shows that the slope of function and slope of the straight line match eath other at the specified point. Thus we have a relation between and .
Substitute back into , we will get the Legendre transformation of .
Back to the math we learned in undergrad study. A Legendre transformation transforms a function of to another function with variable . Using and its Legendre transformation as an example, we can show that the slope of is ,
which is intriging because the slope of is in our requirement. We removed the dependence of in because we have this extra constrain.
Let’s Move to Another Level
We require the function is convex (second order derivative is not negative ). This is required because otherwise we would NOT have a one on one mapping of and .
One imediately notices the symmety of Legendre transformation on interchanging of F and f.
This graph is taken from this paper Making Sense of the Legendre Transform .
This is the triangle that represents the Legendre transformation.
If we have a slope that vanishes, which means is at minimium, then we have the relation
The ultimate trick is to use component form.
One should be able to find the component forms of gradient , divergence , Laplace operator, in spherical coordinates, cylindrical coordinates and cartisian coordinates.


This app will help you share schedules with others.
This app will find the best time to meetup with your peers, friends and family.
We have extensions to the major calendar services. See if your calendar is compatible.
Scheduling App 2018 ©


This site will teach you about PC parts, part vendors, operating systems to consider using and how to actually assemble the parts into something useful.
For navigating the page, you can use the navigation bar at the top of this page or the breadcrumbs to get up and down, or you can use the previous/next links at the bottom. Last resort you can use the site map or the search function.
If you want to search, you will find a search box at the bottom of the page in the footer. The search function will search after the keyword/s on every page, and return matches in order they where found.
Last in every section we have made a quiz that will test your knowledge and see if you have learned something, remember to take the quiz
If you find any problems or you want to check out the source for this page, check out the footer.


RemoteMethodControl
interface
implemented by the proxy. At each remote call through a proxy, the proxy
implementation is responsible for using communication mechanisms that satisfy
the client's constraints. If the constraints cannot be satisfied, the proxy
throws a {@link java.rmi.ConnectIOException}.
The basic trust-related constraints are very simple:
There are also constraints to control which principals of a client or server subject must be authenticated, and which principals of a client are permitted to be authenticated:
(There is no ServerMaxPrincipal
constraint; a client
should not need to impose such a maximum, and a server can impose a maximum
by limiting the contents of the subject it uses for network authentication.)
There are also constraints to control the time during which a server is permitted to exercise delegation:
There are no explicit don't care constraints; a don't care condition is expressed by the absence of constraints.
Constraints can be combined using {@link net.jini.core.constraint.ConstraintAlternatives} to express alternatives, such that at least one of the individual constraints must be satisfied (but not all have to be satisfied) for the aggregate constraint to be satisfied.
{@link net.jini.core.constraint.InvocationConstraints} aggregates constraints into a set of requirements and a set of preferences. A requirement is a mandatory constraint that must be satisfied. A preference is a desired constraint, to be satisfied if possible, but it will not be satisfied if it conflicts with a requirement. If two preferences conflict, it is arbitrary as to which one will be satisfied. If a constraint is not understood, due to lack of knowledge of the type of the constraint or the contents of the constraint, then the constraint cannot be satisfied.
Finally, {@link net.jini.core.constraint.MethodConstraints}
defines a mapping from {@link java.lang.reflect.Method} to
InvocationConstraints
, allowing different constraints to be
specified for different methods. For example, a client might require client
authentication for write operations but not for read operations, or a client
might care about the confidentiality of some remote calls but not others.
Although the emphasis in this discussion has been on how clients use constraints, constraints typically are also used by servers to specify their minimum requirements for remote calls. When a remote object is exported, the server's constraints normally are copied from the exporter into the returned proxy, so that the proxy knows the minimum constraints required to communicate with the server. Note that constraints are not used to specify server-side authorization (access control) policy.
RemoteMethodControl
interfaceConstraints for a remote call come from two sources:
MethodConstraints
instance, so the client can specify different
constraints for each remote method. Client constraints placed directly on a
proxy apply to all remote calls made through that particular proxy by any
thread. The server constraints are controlled by the proxy implementation;
they are not exposed to the client, and might vary in ways unknown to the
client (for example, vary by method or over time). The client should set the
constraints it wants rather than assuming that the server imposes particular
constraints.
A remote call will be performed only if the combined requirements (from both sources) can be satisfied. If the requirements cannot be satisfied, the proxy throws a {@link java.rmi.ConnectIOException}, typically containing (but not required to contain) a nested {@link net.jini.io.UnsupportedConstraintException}. In addition to the requirements, both client and server preferences will be satisfied, to the extent possible. Note that it is possible to specify conflicting constraints, meaning they cannot be simultaneously satisfied. Preferences that conflict with requirements are ignored, and if preferences conflict with each other it is arbitrary as to which (if any) are satisfied, but if there are conflicting requirements the remote call will not be made. @since 2.0 @version 2.0


Rather have this information in hard copy? Download the guide here.
Welcome to BlueQ!
As a BlueQ Account Manager, you can track and manage your organisation’s compliance online, as well as maintain the qualifications and accreditations for your current users. The below instructions provide guidance on how to do several common tasks in BlueQ.
All users who are currently tied to your BlueQ account will be visible to any Account Manager. To view them:
Compliance requirements were set up by your organisation, and are specific to your role. You’ll be able to see a list of these for your role(s) within BlueQ.
Compliance requirements are set by role and can be updated when needed. To view current requirements:
If you are a part of a larger organisation, requirements may be set at a higher level which will be noted on the requirement in red text.
Your qualifications will be one of four colours that correspond to the different statuses they can hold:
There are three values visible in the Acc. Claimed column on the View People page:
To be listed as compliant for a certain requirement, you’ll want to ensure that
Qualification Title matches that of the requirement.
For a Working with Children Check to verify (turn
The expiration date will pull automatically once a Working with Children Check is verified.
The View People page stores your most recent search information – to view the most up to date data and any recent changes, just refresh the page or click Search.
Any questions regarding accessing or using BlueQ, or uploading documents can be directed to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Helpful tutorial videos and FAQs are also available. Any other questions can be directed to the BlueQ Account Manager for your organisation.


Business Intelligence Analyst and Developer
Canadian Food Inspection Agency | Agence Canadienne d'Inspection des Aliments
- Created a POC demo and presentation of Apache Spark and a POC of a Hadoop cluster using Azure servers
- Assisted in the deployment of the Atlassian Dev-ops tool Confluence using Docker containerization and a nginx reverse proxy
- Tested a connector product that connected Microsoft Power BI to reports and package data in IBM Cognos and created Power BI visualizations and reports from that the data


sex, lies, and videotape * * * (out of * * * * )
Directed by Steven Soderbergh. Cast: Andie MacDowell, James Spader, Peter Gallagher, Laura San Giacomo. 1989 - 99 minutes. Rated R (for profanity and sexual situations). Reviewed October 28, 1998.
Steve Soderbergh's "sex, lies, and videotape," which won the Grand Prize at the Cannes Film Festival in 1989, arguably began the resurgence of independent films. Made on a shoestring budget of $1.2 million, with then relatively unknown actors, it is a provocative, thoroughly original drama.
The film mostly focuses on the four central characters, all in their late 20's-early 30's. Ann (Andie MacDowell), an unfulfilled housewife, is married to John (Peter Gallagher), an insensitive lawyer, who, unbeknownst to her, is having an affair with her younger sister, Cynthia (Laura San Giacomo). Complicating matters even worse is Graham (James Spader, who won Best Actor at Cannes), John's old college buddy, who comes to stay at their house. Ann is absolutely won over by him, even though she clearly has stated that she has very little interest in sex. That is the set-up for the last hour of the picture, and since the film is entitled, "sex, lies, and videotape," it is best to keep the rest of the story developments at bay so that they will come as a genuine surprise.
Director Steven Soderbergh has proven to be a wildly offbeat filmmaker, ranging from the independent, to the mainstream (1998's "Out of Sight"), to the downright Kafkaesque (1997's "Schizopolis"). He is the type of director who obviously takes a lot of chances, and believes in the work that he does, and, "sex, lies, and videotape," is probably his most confident, and maybe even best, to date.
The performances are superb from all four leads, but MacDowell stands out in what is probably the main character. She is always a very winning actress, but this is probably her most three-dimensional role that she has had (with a close second being Altman's 1993 mosaic, "Short Cuts"). The other parts are perfectly cast as well, from Spader's ominous Graham, to Gallagher's self-involved John, to Giacomo's outspoken Cynthia.
The final act of the film, especially, comes right out of left field, and turns out to be both shocking and oddly touching, and it would be criminal to give away the film's secrets. Suffice to say that, through one powerful sequence, Ann is able to somewhat come out of her shell, and John learns a valuable lesson about honesty, as well as deception. The film has one fault , however. The characters are almost all emotionally cold and isolated from one another, and often unlikable. If there had been a few extra scenes with Gallagher, it probably would have helped, since his relationship with MacDowell isn't quite as explored as I would have liked.
"sex, lies, and videotape," although minorly flawed, is still easily a brave and adult motion picture that is far more mature and honest about its subject matter than the usual film. Soderbergh clearly knew what he was doing while he was making it, and the final product certainly proves this.
- Copyright 1999 by Dustin Putman < Dustin Putman's Film Haven >
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Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
10 to 30 mins
Serves
Serves 4
Japanese flavours of sesame, soy and yuzu create a lovely balance of salty and sharp, coupled with rich salmon.
Heat a deep fat fryer to 190C/375F, alternatively heat vegetable oil in a deep-sided, heavy based pan until a breadcrumb sizzles and turns golden brown when dropped in. (CAUTION: hot oil can be dangerous. Do not leave unattended.)
Slice 375g/13oz of the salmon very very thinly and lay onto four serving plates.
Heat the sesame oil in a frying pan until just smoking then pour it over the sliced salmon.
Sprinkle over the sesame seeds, yuzu juice and soy sauce.
Mix the mizuna leaves, cabbage, coriander and mint together and place in a small ball in the centre of the salmon.
For the yuzu mayonnaise, blend the egg yolks, vinegar and mustard in a food processor.
With the motor still running, gradually add the oil. Continue until all the oil has been added and the mayonnaise has thickened.
Season the mayonnaise with the yuzu juice, salt and freshly ground black pepper.
To make the tempura batter, mix together the plain flour and cornflour in a bowl. Pour in the sparkling water gradually (you may not need all the water) and whisk to make a thick batter.
Slice the remaining salmon into 5mm/¼in slices and dip them in the batter to coat.
Lower the salmon pieces into the fryer, a few at a time, and cook for about 2-3 minutes, until crisp and golden-brown. Once cooked, drain the tempura salmon onto kitchen paper and season with salt.
To serve, drizzle the yuzu mayonnaise over the salad. Place a few pieces of tempura salmon on top then garnish with the cress.