This entry includes a listing of a country's political, social, labor, or religious organizations that are involved in politics, or that exert political pressure, but whose leaders do not stand for legislative election. International movements or organizations are generally not listed.
| Country | POLITICAL PRESSURE GROUPS AND LEADERS |
|---|---|
| Afghanistan |
other: religious groups, tribal leaders, ethnically based groups, Taliban |
| Albania |
Confederation of Trade Unions of Albania or KSSH [Kol NIKOLLAJ Omonia [Vasil BOLLANO Union of Independent Trade Unions of Albania or BSPSH [Gezim KALAJA |
| Algeria |
The Algerian Human Rights League or LADDH [Noureddine BENISSAD SOS Disparus [Nacera DUTOUR Youth Action Rally or RAJ |
| American Samoa |
Population Pressure LAS (addresses the growing population pressures) |
| Angola |
Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda or FLEC [N'zita Henriques TIAGO note: Flec's small-scale armed struggle for the independence of Cabinda Province persists despite the signing of a peace accord with the government in August 2006; Several factions of FLEC have broken off over the past 30 years, including the Flec-PM [Rodrigues MINGAS |
| Antigua and Barbuda |
Antigua Trades and Labor Union or ATLU [Wigley GEORGE People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Hugh MARSHALL |
| Argentina |
Argentine Association of Pharmaceutical Labs (CILFA) Argentine Industrial Union (manufacturers' association) Argentine Rural Confederation or CRA (small to medium landowners' association) Argentine Rural Society (large landowners' association) Central of Argentine Workers or CTA (a union for employed and unemployed workers) General Confederation of Labor or CGT (Peronist-leaning umbrella labor organization) Roman Catholic Church Blue and White CGT (dissident CGT labor confederation) other: business organizations, Peronist-dominated labor movement, Piquetero groups (popular protest organizations that can be either pro or anti-government), students |
| Armenia |
Aylentrank (Impeachment Alliance) [Nikol PASHINIAN Yerkrapah Union [Manvel GRIGORIAN |
| Aruba |
other: environmental groups |
| Australia |
other: business groups, environmental groups, social groups, trade unions |
| Austria |
Austrian Trade Union Federation or OeGB (nominally independent but primarily Social Democratic) Federal Economic Chamber Labor Chamber or AK (Social Democratic-leaning think tank) OeVP-oriented Association of Austrian Industrialists or IV Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action other: three composite leagues of the Austrian People's Party or OeVP representing business, labor, farmers, and other nongovernment organizations in the areas of environment and human rights |
| Azerbaijan |
Club-125 [Ilhamia RZAYEVA EL Movement [Eldar NAMAZOV Forum of Intelligentsia [Rustam IBRAHIMBEYOV Ireli Youth Movement [Rauf MERDIYEV National Council of Democratic Forces [Jamil HASANLI NIDA Youth Movement [Turgut GAMBAR, Zaur GURBANLI (in jail) Positive Change Youth Movement [Narmin RAHIMLI Republican Alternative (REAL) [Ilgar MAMMADOV |
| Bahamas, The |
Friends of the Environment other: trade unions |
| Bahrain |
Sunni: Al-Fatih Awakening Shia: 14 February Revolution Youth Coalition Bahrain Islamic Freedom Movement [Said SHIHABI Haqq Movement [Hasan MUSHAYMA Islamic Amal [Muhammad Ali AL-MAHFUDH Khalas [Abd al-Rauf AL-SHAYIB Wafa Islamic Society [Abd al-Wahab HUSAYN |
| Bangladesh |
Advocacy to End Gender-based Violence through the MoWCA (Ministry of Women's and Children's Affairs) Ain o Salish Kendro (Law and Order Center) Bangladesh Center for Worker Solidarity Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee or BRAC Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce and Industry Odikhar (Human Rights) other: associations of madrassa teachers; business associations, including those intended to promote international trade; development and advocacy NGOs associated with the Grameen Bank; environmentalists; Islamist groups; labor rights advocacy groups; nongovernmental organizations focused on poverty, alleviation, and socioeconomic international trade; religious leaders; tribal groups and advocacy organizations; union leaders |
| Barbados |
Barbados Secondary Teachers' Union or BSTU [Mary REDMAN Barbados Union of Teachers or BUT [Karen BEST Barbados Workers Union or BWU [Linda BROOKS Clement Payne Labor Union [David COMISSIONG Congress of Trade Unions and Staff Associations of Barbados or CTUSAB, (includes the BWU, NUPW, BUT, and BSTU) [Leroy TROTMAN National Union of Public Workers [Walter MALONEY |
| Belarus |
Assembly of Pro-Democratic NGOs [Sergey MATSKEVICH Belarusian Association of Journalists [Zhana LITVINA Belarusian Congress of Democratic Trade Unions [Aleksandr YAROSHUK Belarusian Helsinki Committee [Aleh HULAK Belarusian Independence Bloc (unregistered) and For Freedom movement [Aleksandr MILINKEVICH Belarusian Organization of Working Women [Irina ZHIKHAR BPF-Youth [Andrus KRECHKA Charter 97 [Andrey SANNIKOV Malady Belarus (Young Belarus) [Zmitser KASPYAROVICH Malady Front (Young Front) [Zmitser DASHKEVICH Nasha Vyasna ("Our Spring") human rights center [Ales BELYATSKIY Perspektiva small business association [Anatol SHUMCHENKO "Tell the Truth" Movement [Vladimir NEKLYAYEV Women's Independent Democratic Movement [Ludmila PETINA |
| Belgium |
Belgian General Federation of Labor [Rudy DE LEEUW/Anne DEMELENNE Confederation of Christan Trade Unions [Luc CORTEBEECK/Claude ROLIN Federation of Enterprises in Belgium [Pieter TIMMERMANS/Pierre Alain DE SMEDT other: trade unions; numerous other associations representing bankers, manufacturers, middle-class artisans, and the legal and medical professions; various organizations representing the cultural interests of Flanders and Wallonia; various peace groups such as Pax Christi and groups representing immigrants |
| Belize |
Association of Concerned Belizeans or ACB [David VASQUEZ National Trade Union Congress of Belize or NTUC/B [Rene GOMEZ Society for the Promotion of Education and Research or SPEAR [Nicole HAYLOCK |
| Benin |
other: economic groups; environmentalists; political groups; teachers' unions and other educational groups |
| Bermuda |
Association of Bermuda Insurers and Reinsurers or ABIR [Bradley KADING Association of Bermuda International Companies or ABIC [George HUTCHINGS Bermuda Employer's Council [Keith JENSEN Bermuda Industrial Union or BIU [Chris Furbert Bermuda Public Services Union or BPSU [Kevin GRANT and Ed BALL Bermuda Union of Teachers [Michael CHARLES |
| Bhutan |
United Front for Democracy (exiled); Druk National Congress (exiled) other: Buddhist clergy; ethnic Nepali-Bhutanese organizations (exiled); Indian merchant community |
| Bolivia |
Bolivian Workers Central or COB Federation of Neighborhood Councils of El Alto or FEJUVE Landless Movement or MST National Coordinator for Change or CONALCAM Sole Confederation of Campesino Workers of Bolivia or CSUTCB other: Cocalero groups; indigenous organizations (including Confederation of Indigenous Peoples of Eastern Bolivia or CIDOB and National Council of Ayullus and Markas of Quollasuyu or CONAMAQ); Interculturales union or CSCIB; labor unions (including the Central Bolivian Workers' Union or COB and Cooperative Miners Federation or FENCOMIN) |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina |
other: war veterans; displaced persons associations; family associations of missing persons; private media |
| Botswana |
First People of the Kalahari (Bushman organization) Pitso Ya Ba Tswana Society for the Promotion of Ikalanga Language (Kalanga elites) other: diamond mining companies |
| Brazil |
Landless Workers' Movement or MST other: industrial federations; labor unions and federations; large farmers' associations; religious groups including evangelical Christian churches and the Catholic Church |
| British Virgin Islands |
The Family Support Network The Women's Desk other: environmentalists |
| Brunei |
NA |
| Bulgaria |
Confederation of Independent Trade Unions of Bulgaria or CITUB Podkrepa Labor Confederation other: numerous regional, ethnic, and national interest groups with various agendas |
| Burkina Faso |
Burkinabe General Confederation of Labor or CGTB [Tole SAGNON Burkinabe Movement for Human Rights or MBDHP [Chrysigone ZOUGMORE Citizen's Resistance Front [Luc Marius IBRIGA Group of 14 February [Benewende Stanislas SANKARA National Confederation of Burkinabe Workers or CNTB [Laurent OUEDRAOGO National Organization of Free Unions or ONSL [Paul KABORE other: watchdog/political action groups throughout the country in both organizations and communities |
| Burma |
Thai border: Ethnic Nationalities Council or ENC Federation of Trade Unions-Burma or FTUB (exile trade union and labor advocates) National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma or NCGUB (self-proclaimed government in exile) ["Prime Minister" Dr. SEIN WIN National Council-Union of Burma or NCUB (exile coalition of opposition groups) United Nationalities Federal Council (UNFC) inside Burma: Karen National Union or KNU Karenni National People's Party or KNPP United Wa State Army or UWSA 88 Generation Students (pro-democracy movement) several other Chin, Karen, Mon, and Shan factions note: freedom of expression has been highly restricted in Burma; the restrictions are being relaxed by the government; a limited number of political groups, other than parties are approved by the government |
| Burundi |
Forum for the Strengthening of Civil Society or FORSC [Pacifique NININAHAZWE Observatoire de lutte contre la corruption et les malversations economiques or OLUCOME [Gabriel RUFYIRI other: Hutu and Tutsi militias (loosely organized) |
| Cabo Verde |
other: environmentalists; political pressure groups |
| Cambodia |
Cambodian Freedom Fighters or CFF Partnership for Transparency Fund or PTF (anti-corruption organization) Students Movement for Democracy The Committee for Free and Fair Elections or Comfrel other: human rights organizations; vendors |
| Cameroon |
Human Rights Defense Group [Albert MUKONG, president Southern Cameroon National Council [Ayamba Ette OTUN |
| Canada |
other: agricultural sector; automobile industry; business groups; chemical industry; commercial banks; communications sector; energy industry; environmentalists; public administration groups; steel industry; trade unions |
| Cayman Islands |
Coalition for Cayman or C4C National People's Alliance or PNA National Trust other: environmentalists |
| Chad |
other: rebel groups |
| Chile |
Roman Catholic Church, particularly conservative groups such as Opus Dei United Labor Central or CUT includes trade unionists from the country's five largest labor confederations other: university student federations at all major universities |
| China |
no substantial political opposition groups exist |
| Christmas Island |
none |
| Cocos (Keeling) Islands |
The Cocos Islands Youth Support Centre |
| Colombia |
Central Union of Workers or CUT Colombian Confederation of Workers or CTC General Confederation of Workers or CGT National Liberation Army or ELN Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia or FARC note: FARC and ELN are the two largest insurgent groups active in Colombia |
| Comoros |
other: environmentalists |
| Congo, Democratic Republic of the |
Forces Arm�es de la R�publique D�mocratique du Congor or FARDC - Army of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Forces Democratiques de Liberation du Rwanda or FDLR (Rwandan militia group made up of some of the perpetrators of Rwanda's genocide in 1994) M23 - rebel group comprised largely of ex-CNDP forces Allied Democratic Forces or ADF (anti-Ugandan government rebel groups |
| Congo, Republic of the |
Congolese Trade Union Congress or CSC General Union of Congolese Pupils and Students or UGEEC Revolutionary Union of Congolese Women or URFC Union of Congolese Socialist Youth or UJSC |
| Cook Islands |
Reform Conference (lobby for political system changes) other: various groups lobbying for political change |
| Costa Rica |
Authentic Confederation of Democratic Workers or CATD (Communist Party affiliate) Chamber of Coffee Growers Confederated Union of Workers or CUT (Communist Party affiliate) Confederation of Workers Rerum Novarum or CTRN (PLN affiliate) Costa Rican Confederation of Democratic Workers or CCTD (Liberation Party affiliate) Costa Rican Exporter's Chamber or CADEXCO Costa Rican Solidarity Movement Costa Rican Union of Private Sector Enterprises or UCCAEP Federation of Public Service Workers or FTSP National Association for Economic Development or ANFE National Association of Educators or ANDE National Association of Public and Private Employees or ANEP |
| Cote d'Ivoire |
Federation of University and High School Students of Cote d'Ivoire or FESCI [Augustin MIAN National Congress for the Resistance and Democracy or CNRD [Bernard DADIE Panafrican Congress for Justice and Peoples Equality or COJEP [Roselin BLY Rally of Houphouetists for Democracy and Peace or RHDP |
| Croatia |
other: human rights groups |
| Cuba |
Damas de Blanco National Association of Small Farmers Patriotic Union of Cuba The Cuban Commission for Human Rights and National Reconciliation other: political dissidents and bloggers |
| Cyprus |
Confederation of Cypriot Workers or SEK (pro-West) Pan-Cyprian Labor Federation or PEO (Communist controlled) area administered by Turkish Cypriots: Federation of Turkish Cypriot Labor Unions or Turk-Sen Confederation of Revolutionary Labor Unions or Dev-Is |
| Czech Republic |
Czech-Moravian Confederation of Trade Unions or CMKOS [Jaroslav ZAVADIL |
| Denmark |
Confederation of Danish Employers or DA [President Jorn Neergaard LARSEN Confederation of Danish Industries [CEO Karsten DYBVAD Confederation of Danish Labor Unions (Landsorganisationen) or LO [President Harald BORSTING DaneAge Association [President Bjarne HASTRUP Danish Shipowners' Association [Chairman Carsten MORTENSEN Danish Bankers Association [CEO Joergen HORWITZ Danish Society for Nature Conservation [President Ella Maria BISSCHOP-LARSEN other: environmental groups; humanitarian relief; development assistance; human rights NGOs |
| Dominica |
Dominica Liberation Movement or DLM (a small leftist party) |
| Dominican Republic |
Citizen Participation Group (Participacion Ciudadania) Collective of Popular Organizations or COP Foundation for Institution-Building and Justice or FINJUS |
| Ecuador |
Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador or CONAIE [Humberto CHOLANGO Federation of Indigenous Evangelists of Ecuador or FEINE [Manuel CHUGCHILAN, president National Federation of Indigenous Afro-Ecuatorianos and Peasants or FENOCIN National Teacher's Union or UNE [Mariana PALLASCO |
| Egypt |
NA |
| El Salvador |
labor organizations: Electrical Industry Union of El Salvador or SIES Federation of the Construction Industry, Similar Transport and other activities, or FESINCONTRANS National Confederation of Salvadoran Workers or CNTS National Union of Salvadoran Workers or UNTS Port Industry Union of El Salvador or SIPES Salvadoran Union of Ex-Petroleros and Peasant Workers or USEPOC Salvadoran Workers Central or CTS Workers Union of Electrical Corporation or STCEL business organizations: National Association of Small Enterprise or ANEP Salvadoran Assembly Industry Association or ASIC Salvadoran Industrial Association or ASI |
| Equatorial Guinea |
ASODEGUE (Madrid-based pressure group for democratic reform) EG Justice (US-based anti-corruption group) |
| Eritrea |
Democratic Movement for the Liberation of Eritrean Kunama or DMLEK Eritrean Democratic Alliance or EDA Eritrean National Congress for Democratic Change or ENCDC Eritrean National Salvation Front or ENSF Eritrean Islamic Party for Justice and Development or EIPJD (includes the Eritrean Islamic Jihad (EIJ), Eritrean Islamic Jihad Movement (EIJM), Eritrean Islamic Salvation, and the Eritrean Islamic Foundation) Eritrean People's Democratic Party or EPDP Red Sea Afar Democratic Organization or RSADO |
| Ethiopia |
Ethiopian People's Patriotic Front or EPPF Ogaden National Liberation Front or ONLF Oromo Liberation Front or OLF [DAOUD Ibsa |
| Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) |
Falkland Islands Association (supports freedom of the people from external causes) |
| Faroe Islands |
other: conservationists |
| Fiji |
Group Against Racial Discrimination or GARD [Dr. Anirudk SINGH Viti Landowners Association |
| France |
Confederation Francaise Democratique du Travail (French Democratic Confederation of Labor) or CFDT, left-leaning labor union with approximately 875,000 members [Laurent BERGER, Secretary General Confederation francaise de l'encadrement - Confederation generale des cadres (French Confederation of Management - General Confederation of Executives) or CFE-CGC, independent white-collar union with 140,000 members [Carole COUVERT, president Confederation francaise des travailleurs chretiens (French Confederation of Christian Workers) or CFTC, independent labor union founded by Catholic workers that claims 142,000 members [Philippe LOUIS, president Confederation generale du travail (General Confederation of Labor) or CGT, historically communist labor union with approximately 710,000 members [Bernard THIBAULT, secretary general Confederation generale du travail - Force ouvriere (General Confederation of Labor - Worker's Force) or FO, independent labor union with an estimated 300,000 members [Jean-Claude MAILLY, secretary general Mouvement des entreprises de France or MEDEF, employers' union with 750,000 companies as members (claimed) [Pierre GATTAZ, president French Guiana: conservationists; gold mining pressure groups; hunting pressure groups Guadeloupe: Christian Movement for the Liberation of Guadeloupe or KLPG General Federation of Guadeloupe Workers or CGT-G General Union of Guadeloupe Workers or UGTG Movement for an Independent Guadeloupe or MPGI The Socialist Renewal Movement Martinique: Caribbean Revolutionary Alliance or ARC Central Union for Martinique Workers or CSTM Frantz Fanon Circle League of Workers and Peasants Proletarian Action Group or GAP Reunion: NA |
| Gabon |
NA |
| Gambia, The |
National Environment Agency or NEA West African Peace Building Network-Gambian Chapter or WANEB-GAMBIA Youth Employment Network Gambia or YENGambia other: special needs group advocates; teachers and principals |
| Georgia |
other: separatists in the Russian-occupied regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia |
| Germany |
other: business associations and employers' organizations trade unions; religious, immigrant, expellee, and veterans groups |
| Ghana |
Christian Aid (water rights) Committee for Joint Action or CJA (education reform) National Coalition Against the Privatization of Water or CAP (water rights) Oxfam (water rights) Public Citizen (water rights) Students Coalition Against EPA [Kwabena Ososukene OKAI Third World Network (education reform) |
| Gibraltar |
Chamber of Commerce Gibraltar Representatives Organization Women's Association |
| Greece |
Supreme Administration of Civil Servants Unions or ADEDY [Spyros PAPASPYROS Federation of Greek Industries or SEV [Dimitris DASKALOPOULOS General Confederation of Greek Workers or GSEE [Ioannis PANAGOPOULOS |
| Greenland |
other: conservationists; environmentalists |
| Grenada |
Committee for Human Rights in Grenada or CHRG New Jewel Movement Support Group The British Grenada Friendship Society The New Jewel 19 Committee |
| Guam |
Guam Commission on Decolonization Guam Federation of Teachers' Union Guam Waterworks Authority Workers We Are Guahan |
| Guatemala |
Alliance Against Impunity or AI (which includes among others Center for Legal Action on Human Rights (CALDH), and Family and Friends of the Disappeared of Guatemala (FAMDEGUA)) Civic and Political Convergence of Women Committee for Campesino Unity or CUC Coordinating Committee of Agricultural, Commercial, Industrial, and Financial Associations or CACIF Foundation for the Development of Guatemala or FUNDESA Guatemala Visible Mutual Support Group or GAM Movimiento PRO-Justicia National Union of Agriculture Workers or UNAGRO |
| Guernsey |
Stop Traffic Endangering Pedestrian Safety or STEPS No More Masts [Colin FALLAIZE |
| Guinea-Bissau |
NA |
| Guinea |
National Confederation of Guinean Workers-Labor Union of Guinean Workers or CNTG-USTG Alliance (includes National Confederation of Guinean Workers or CNTG and Labor Union of Guinean Workers or USTG) Syndicate of Guinean Teachers and Researchers or SLECG |
| Guyana |
Amerindian People's Association Guyana Bar Association Guyana Citizens Initiative Guyana Human Rights Association Guyana Public Service Union or GPSU Private Sector Commission Trades Union Congress |
| Haiti |
Autonomous Organizations of Haitian Workers or CATH [Fignole ST-CYR Confederation of Haitian Workers or CTH Economic Forum of the Private Sector or EF [Reginald BOULOS Federation of Workers Trade Unions or FOS General Organization of Independent Haitian Workers [Patrick NUMAS Grand-Anse Resistance Committee, or KOREGA The Haitian Association of Industries or ADIH [Georges SASSINE National Popular Assembly or APN Papaye Peasants Movement or MPP [Chavannes JEAN-BAPTISTE Popular Organizations Gathering Power or PROP Protestant Federation of Haiti Roman Catholic Church |
| Holy See (Vatican City) |
none (exclusive of influence exercised by church officers) |
| Honduras |
Beverage and Related Industries Syndicate or STIBYS Committee for the Defense of Human Rights in Honduras or CODEH Commiittee of the Relatives of the Disappeared in Honduras or COFADEH Confederation of Honduran Workers or CTH Coordinating Committee of Popular Organizations or CCOP General Workers Confederation or CGT Honduran Council of Private Enterprise or COHEP National Association of Honduran Campesinos or ANACH National Union of Campesinos or UNC Popular Bloc or BP United Confederation of Honduran Workers or CUTH United Farm Workers' Movement of the Aguan OR MUCA |
| Hong Kong |
Chinese General Chamber of Commerce (pro-China); Chinese Manufacturers' Association of Hong Kong; Confederation of Trade Unions or CTU (pro-democracy) [LEE Cheuk-yan, general secretary |
| Hungary |
Civil Osszefogas Forum ("Civil Unity Forum," nominally independent organization that serves as the steering committee for the pro-government mass organization Bekemenet (Peace March), supporting ORBAN government's policies) Danube Circle (protests the building of the Gabchikovo-Nagymaros dam) Fourth Republic (Negyedik Koztarsasag) or 4K! (anti-Orban, pro-democracy Facebook movement emerged from a Facebook group, One Million for Freedom of the Press or "Milla") Green Future (protests the impact of lead contamination of local factory on health of the people) Hungarian Civil Liberties Union (Tarsasag a Szabadsagjogokert) or TASZ (freedom of expression, information privacy) Hungarian Helsinki Committee (asylum seekers' rights, human rights in law enforcement and the judicial system) MostMi ("Now Us," Facebook group led by Bori TAKACS and Zsolt VARADY, that was a major participant at anti-government demonstrations in late 2014-early 2015; pro-Europe, anti-establishment movement that blames Fidesz for the state of the country, but also blames all established political parties for perceived political and economic failures since the fall of communism) Szolidaritas ("Solidarity," formed in October 2011 by three trade unions and an NGO - anti-Orban government) environmentalists: Green Alternative (Zold Alternativa) Hungarian Ornithological and Nature Conservation Society (Magyar Madartani Egyesulet) or MME |
| India |
All Parties Hurriyat Conference in the Kashmir Valley (separatist group) Bajrang Dal (religious organization) India Against Corruption [Anna HAZARE Jamiat Ulema-e Hind [Mahmood MADANI Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh [Mohan BHAGWAT Vishwa Hindu Parishad [Ashok SINGHAL other: hundreds of social reform, anti-corruption, and environmental groups at state and local level; numerous religious or militant/chauvinistic organizations; various separatist groups seeking greater communal and/or regional autonomy |
| Indonesia |
Commission for the "Disappeared" and Victims of Violence or KontraS Indonesia Corruption Watch or ICW Indonesian Forum for the Environment or WALHI |
| Iran |
groups that generally support the Islamic Republic: Ansar-e Hizballah Followers of the Line of the Imam and the Leader Islamic Coalition Party (Motalefeh) Islamic Engineers Society Tehran Militant Clergy Association (MCA; Ruhaniyat) active pro-reform student group: Office of Strengthening Unity (OSU) opposition groups: Freedom Movement of Iran Green Path movement [Mehdi KARUBI, Mir-Hosein MUSAVI Marz-e Por Gohar National Front various ethnic and monarchist organizations armed political groups repressed by the government: Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (KDPI) Harekat-e Ansar-e Iran (splinter faction of Jundallah) Jaysh l-Adl (formerly known as Jundallah) Komala Mojahedin-e Khalq Organization (MEK or MKO) People's Fedayeen People's Free Life Party of Kurdistan (PJAK) |
| Iraq |
Sunni militias |
| Ireland |
Continuity IRA (terrorist group) Families Acting for Innocent Relatives or FAIR [Brian MCCONNELL Iona Institute [David QUINN Irish Anti-War Movement [Richard BOYD BARRETT Keep Ireland Open (environmental group) Oglaigh na hEireann (terrorist group) Midland Railway Action Group or MRAG [Willie ALLEN New Irish Republican Army (terrorist group combining elements of the former Real IRA and Republican Action Against Drugs) Peace and Neutrality Alliance [Roger COLE Rail Users Ireland (formerly the Platform 11 - transportation promoters) 32 Country Sovereignty Movement or 32CSM (supports unifying Northern Ireland with the rest of the island under Irish government sovereignty) |
| Isle of Man |
Alliance for Progressive Government or APG (a government watchdog) Mec Vannin (political party advocating a sovereign state and environment policies); note - has only had one member elected to the Tynwald |
| Israel |
Breaking the Silence [Yehuda SHAUL, Executive Director B'Tselem [Jessica MONTELL, Executive Director Peace Now [Yariv OPPENHEIMER, Secretary General YESHA Council [Danny DAYAN, Chairman |
| Italy |
manufacturers and merchants associations: Confcommercio Confindustria organized farm groups: Confcoltivatori Confagricoltura Roman Catholic Church three major trade union confederations: Confederazione Generale Italiana del Lavoro or CGIL [Susanna CAMUSSO Confederazione Italiana dei Sindacati Lavoratori or CISL [Raffaele BONANNI Unione Italiana del Lavoro or UIL [Luigi ANGELETTI |
| Jamaica |
New Beginnings Movement or NBM Rastafarians |
| Japan |
other: business groups; trade unions |
| Jersey |
Institute of Directors, Jersey branch (provides business support) Jersey Hospitality Association [Robert JONES Jersey Rights Association [David ROTHERHAM La Societe Jersiaise (education and conservation group) Progress Jersey [Daren O'TOOLE, Gino RISOLI Royal Jersey Agriculture and Horticultural Society or RJA&HS (development and management of the Jersey breed of cattle) Save Jersey's Heritage (protects heritage through building preservation) |
| Jordan |
15 April Movement [Mohammad SUNEID, chairman 24 March Movement [Mu'az al-KHAWALIDAH, Abdel Rahman HASANEIN, spokespersons 1952 Constitution Movement Anti-Normalization Committee [Hamzah MANSOUR, chairman Economic and Social Association of Retired Servicemen and Veterans or ESARSV [Abdulsalam al-HASSANAT, chairman Group of 36 Higher Coordination Committee of Opposition Parties [Said DIAB Higher National Committee for Military Retirees or HNCMR [Ali al-HABASHNEH, chairman Hirak Jordan Bar Association [Saleh al-ARMUTI, chairman Jordanian Campaign for Change or Jayin Jordanian Muslim Brotherhood [Dr. Hamam SAID, controller general Jordanian Press Association [Sayf al-SHARIF, president National Front for Reform or NFR [Ahmad OBEIDAT, chairman Popular Gathering for Reform Professional Associations Council [Abd al-Hadi al-FALAHAT, chairman Sons of Jordan |
| Kazakhstan |
Adil-Soz [Tamara KALEYEVA Almaty Helsinki Committee [Ninel FOKINA Confederation of Free Trade Unions [Sergei BELKIN For Fair Elections [Yevgeniy ZHOVTIS, Sabit ZHUSUPOV, Sergey DUVANOV, Ibrash NUSUPBAYEV Kazakhstan International Bureau on Human Rights [Yevgeniy ZHOVTIS, Chairman of Bureau's Council, Roza AKYLBEKOVA, director Khalyk Maidany (Peoples' Front) - an informal union between the unregistered Alga Party, the unregistered Communist Party of Kazakhstan, and several opposition-oriented civil society groups, banned in November 2012 [no formal leader Pan-National Social Democratic Party of Kazakhstan [Zharmakhan TUYAKBAY Pensioners Movement or Pokoleniye [Irina SAVOSTINA, chairwoman Republican Network of International Monitors [Daniyar LIVAZOV Transparency International [Sergey ZLOTNIKOV |
| Kenya |
Council of Islamic Preachers of Kenya or CIPK [Sheikh Idris MOHAMMED Kenya Human Rights Commission [L. Muthoni WANYEKI Muslim Human Rights Forum [Ali-Amin KIMATHI National Muslim Leaders Forum or NAMLEF [Abdullahi ABDI Protestant National Council of Churches of Kenya or NCCK [Canon Peter Karanja MWANGI Roman Catholic and other Christian churches Supreme Council of Kenya Muslims or SUPKEM [Shaykh Abdul Gafur al-BUSAIDY other: labor unions, Kenya Association of Manufacturers, Kenya Private Sector Alliance |
| Korea, North |
none |
| Korea, South |
Catholic Priests' Association for Justice Citizen's Coalition for Economic Justice Federation of Korean Industries Federation of Korean Trade Unions Korean Confederation of Trade Unions Korean Veterans' Association Lawyers for a Democratic Society National Council of Churches People's Solidarity for Participatory Democracy |
| Kosovo |
Council for the Defense of Human Rights and Freedom (human rights) Organization for Democracy, Anti-Corruption and Dignity Rise! [Avni ZOGIANI Serb National Council (SNV) The Speak Up Movement [Ramadan ILAZI |
| Kuwait |
other: Islamists; merchants; political groups; secular liberals and pro-governmental deputies; Shia activists; tribal groups |
| Kyrgyzstan |
Adilet (Justice) Legal Clinic [Cholpon JAKUPOVA Citizens Against Corruption [Tolekan ISMAILOVA Coalition for Democracy and Civil Society [Dinara OSHURAKHUNOVA Kylym Shamy (Torch of the Century) [Aziza ABDIRASULOVA Precedent Partnership Group [Nurbek TOKTAKUNOV Societal Analysis Public Association [Rita KARASARTOVA Union of True Muslims [Nurlan MOTUEV |
| Laos |
NA |
| Latvia |
Employers' Confederation of Latvia [Vitalijs GAVRILOVS Farmers' Parliament [Juris LAZDINS Free Trade Union Confederation of Latvia [Peteris KRIGERS |
| Lebanon |
Maronite Church [Patriarch Bishara al-Ra'i note: most sects retain militias and a number of militant groups operate in Palestinian refugee camps |
| Lesotho |
Media Institute of Southern Africa, Lesotho chapter [Tsebo MAT�ASA |
| Liberia |
other: demobilized former military officers |
| Libya |
NA |
| Luxembourg |
ABBL (bankers' association) [Ernst Wilhelm CONTZEN ALEBA (financial sector trade union) [Marc GLESENER Centrale Paysanne (federation of agricultural producers) [Marc FISCH CEP (professional sector chamber) [Stephane LIA CGFP (trade union representing civil service) [Joseph DALEIDEN Chamber of Artisans (Chambre des Metiers) [Roland KUHN Chamber of Commerce (Chambre de Commerce) [Carlo THELEN FEDIL (federation of industrialists) [Nicolas SOISSON Greenpeace (environment protection) [Kumi NAIDOO LCGP (center-right trade union) [Patrick DURY Mouvement Ecologique (environment protection) [Blanche WEBER OGBL (center-left trade union) [Jean-Claude REDING |
| Macau |
Bar-Bending Workers' Association [WONG Wai-Man Civic Power [Agnes LAM lok-fong Democratic Action [LEE Kin-yun Macau New Chinese Youth Association [LEONG Sin-man Macau Worker's Union [HO Heng-kuok New Macau Association [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong Workers' Self-Help Union [CHEONG Weng-fat |
| Macedonia |
Federation of Free Trade Unions [Mirjana ANDREVSKA Federation of Trade Unions [Zivko MITREVSKI Trade Union of Education, Science and Culture [Jakim NEDELKOV |
| Madagascar |
Committee for the Defense of Truth and Justice or KMMR Committee for National Reconciliation or CRN [Albert ZAFY National Council of Christian Churches or FFKM |
| Malawi |
Council for NGOs in Malawi or CONGOMA (human rights, democracy, and development) Human Rights Consultative Committee or HRCC (human rights) Malawi Economic Justice Network or MEJN (pro economic growth, development, government accountability) Malawi Law Society (an umbrella organization of all lawyers in Malawi) Public Affairs Committee or PAC (promotes democracy, development, peace and unity) |
| Malaysia |
Bar Council BERSIH (electoral reform coalition) PEMBELA (Muslim NGO coalition) PERKASA (defense of Malay rights) other: religious groups; women's groups; youth groups |
| Maldives |
other: various unregistered political parties |
| Mali |
other: the army; Islamic authorities; state-run cotton company CMDT |
| Malta |
Alliance of Liberal Democrats Malta (Alleanza Liberali-Demokratika Malta) of ALDM (for divorce, abortion, gay marriage, women's rights) Together for a Better Environment (Flimkien Ghal-Ambjent Ahjar) or FAA (pro-environment) other: environmentalists |
| Marshall Islands |
NA |
| Mauritania |
General Confederation of Mauritanian Workers or CGTM [Abdallahi Ould MOHAMED, secretary general Independent Confederation of Mauritanian Workers or CLTM [Samory Ould BEYE Mauritanian Workers Union or UTM [Mohamed Ely Ould BRAHIM, secretary general other: Arab nationalists; Ba'thists; Islamists |
| Mauritius |
Blok 104. Rezistans ek Alternativ (Resistence and Alternative), Say No to Coal! other: various labor unions |
| Mexico |
Businessmen's Coordinating Council or CCE Confederation of Employers of the Mexican Republic or COPARMEX Confederation of Industrial Chambers or CONCAMIN Confederation of Mexican Workers or CTM Confederation of National Chambers of Commerce or CONCANACO Coordinator for Foreign Trade Business Organizations or COECE Federation of Unions Providing Goods and Services or FESEBES National Chamber of Transformation Industries or CANACINTRA National Confederation of Popular Organizations or CNOP National Coordinator for Education Workers or CNTE National Peasant Confederation or CNC National Small Business Chamber or CANACOPE National Syndicate of Education Workers or SNTE National Union of Workers or UNT Popular Assembly of the People of Oaxaca or APPO Roman Catholic Church |
| Micronesia, Federated States of |
NA |
| Moldova |
NA |
| Monaco |
NA |
| Mongolia |
other: human rights groups; women's groups |
| Montenegro |
NA |
| Montserrat |
NA |
| Morocco |
Democratic Confederation of Labor or CDT [Noubir AMAOUI General Union of Moroccan Workers or UGTM [Abderrazzak AFILAL Justice and Charity Organization or JCO Moroccan Employers Association or CGEM [Hassan CHAMI National Labor Union of Morocco or UNMT [Abdelslam MAATI Union of Moroccan Workers or UMT [Mahjoub BENSEDDIK |
| Mozambique |
Mozambican League of Human Rights (Liga Mocambicana dos Direitos Humanos) or LDH [Alice MABOTE, president |
| Namibia |
National Society for Human Rights or NAMRIGHTS other: various labor unions |
| Nauru |
Woman Information and News Agency (women's issues) |
| Nepal |
The Communist Party of Nepal - Maoist (CPN-M); note - this party split from the UCPN(M) in June 2012,opposed the November 2013 elections, and is not represented in the current Constituent Assembly other: a variety of groups advocating regional autonomy such as the Federal State Limbuwan Council in far eastern Nepal |
| Netherlands |
Christian Trade Union Federation or CNV [Jaap SMIT Confederation of Netherlands Industry and Employers or VNO-NCW [Bernard WIENTJES Federation for Small and Medium-sized businesses or MKB [Hans BIESHEUVEL Netherlands Trade Union Federation or FNV [Ton HEERTS Social Economic Council or SER [Wiebe DRAIJER Trade Union Federation of Middle and High Personnel or MHP [Reginald VISSER |
| New Caledonia |
NA |
| New Zealand |
Women's Electoral Lobby or WEL other: apartheid groups; civil rights groups; farmers groups; Maori; nuclear weapons groups; women's rights groups |
| Nicaragua |
National Workers Front or FNT (a Sandinista umbrella group of eight labor unions including: Farm Workers Association or ATC, Health Workers Federation or FETASALUD, Heroes and Martyrs Confederation of Professional Associations or CONAPRO, National Association of Educators of Nicaragua or ANDEN, National Union of Employees or UNE, National Union of Farmers and Ranchers or UNAG, Sandinista Workers Central or CST, and Union of Journalists of Nicaragua or UPN) Nicaraguan Workers' Central or CTN (an independent labor union) Permanent Congress of Workers or CPT (an umbrella group of four non-Sandinista labor unions including: Autonomous Nicaraguan Workers Central or CTN-A, Confederation of Labor Unification or CUS, Independent General Confederation of Labor or CGT-I, and Labor Action and Unity Central or CAUS) Superior Council of Private Enterprise or COSEP (a confederation of business groups) |
| Nigeria |
Academic Staff Union for Universities or ASUU Campaign for Democracy or CD Civil Liberties Organization or CLO Committee for the Defense of Human Rights or CDHR Constitutional Right Project or CRP Human Right Africa National Association of Democratic Lawyers or NADL National Association of Nigerian Students or NANS Nigerian Bar Association or NBA Nigerian Labor Congress or NLC Nigerian Medical Association or NMA Universal Defenders of Democracy or UDD other: the press |
| Niue |
NA |
| Norfolk Island |
none |
| Northern Mariana Islands |
NA |
| Norway |
Confederation of Norwegian Enterprise (Naeringslivets Hovedorganisasjon) or NHO [President Tore ULSTEIN; CEO Kristin SKOGEN LUND Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions (Landsorganisasjonen i Norge) or LO [Gerd KRISTIANSEN other: environmental groups; media; digital privacy movements |
| Oman |
none |
| Pakistan |
other: military; ulema (clergy); landowners; industrialists; small merchants |
| Palau |
NA |
| Panama |
Chamber of Commerce Concertacion Nacional (mechanism for government of Panama to formally dialogue with representatives of civil society) National Council of Organized Workers or CONATO National Council of Private Enterprise or CONEP National Union of Construction and Similar Workers (SUNTRACS) Panamanian Association of Business Executives or APEDE Panamanian Industrialists Society or SIP Workers Confederation of the Republic of Panama or CTRP |
| Papua New Guinea |
Centre for Environment Law and Community Rights or Celcor [Damien ASE Community Coalition Against Corruption National Council of Women Transparency International PNG |
| Paraguay |
Ahorristas Estafados or AE National Coordinating Board of Campesino Organizations or MCNOC [Luis AGUAYO National Federation of Campesinos or FNC [Odilon ESPINOLA National Workers Central or CNT [Secretary General Juan TORRALES Paraguayan Workers Confederation or CPT Roman Catholic Church Unitary Workers Central or CUT [Jorge Guzman ALVARENGA Malgarejo |
| Peru |
General Workers Confederation of Peru (Confederacion General de Trabajadores del Peru) or CGTP [Mario HUAMAN Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) or SL [Abimael GUZMAN Reynoso (imprisoned), Victor QUISPE Palomino (top leader at-large) |
| Philippines |
Black and White Movement [Vicente ROMANO Kilosbayan [Jovito SALONGA |
| Pitcairn Islands |
none |
| Poland |
All Poland Trade Union Alliance or OPZZ (trade union) [Jan GUZ Independent and Self-Governing Trade Union "Solidarity" [Piotr DUDA Roman Catholic Church [Cardinal Stanislaw DZIWISZ, Archbishop Jozef MICHALIK |
| Portugal |
Armed Forces Officers' Association (AOFA) [Colonel Pereira CRACEL the Desperate Generation (youth movement protesting against low wages, precarious labor conditions, and unemployment) the General Workers Union or General Confederation of Portuguese Workers (UGT) [Carlos SILVA Portuguese National Workers' Conference (CGTP) [Armenio CARLOS TugaLeaks (a website that has become a mouthpiece for publicizing diverse protest action) other: the media; labor unions |
| Puerto Rico |
Boricua Popular Army or EPB (a revolutionary group also known as Los Macheteros) the following radical groups are considered dormant by Federal law enforcement: Armed Forces for National Liberation or FALN, Armed Forces of Popular Resistance, Volunteers of the Puerto Rican Revolution |
| Qatar |
none |
| Romania |
other: various human rights and professional associations |
| Russia |
Confederation of Labor of Russia (KTR) Federation of Independent Trade Unions of Russia Golos Association in Defense of Voters' Rights Memorial Movement Against Illegal Migration Russkiye Solidarnost The World Russian People's Congress Union of the Committees of Soldiers' Mothers Union of Russian Writers other: business associations; environmental organizations; religious groups (especially those with Orthodox or Muslim affiliation); veterans groups |
| Rwanda |
IBUKA (association of genocide survivors) |
| Saint Barthelemy |
Rotary Club The Marine Reserve (protection of fish) |
| Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha |
other: private sector; unions |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis |
NA |
| Saint Lucia |
NA |
| Saint Martin |
NA |
| Saint Pierre and Miquelon |
NA |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
NA |
| Samoa |
NA |
| San Marino |
NA |
| Sao Tome and Principe |
Association of Sao Tome and Principe NGOs or FONG other: the media |
| Saudi Arabia |
other: gas companies; religious groups |
| Senegal |
other: labor; students; Sufi brotherhoods, including the Mourides and Tidjanes; teachers |
| Serbia |
1389 (Serbian nationalist movement) Obraz (Orthodox clero-fascist organization) SNP NASI (Serbian National Movement NASI) |
| Seychelles |
Roman Catholic Church other: trade unions |
| Sierra Leone |
other: student unions; trade unions |
| Singapore |
none |
| Slovakia |
Association of Towns and Villages or ZMOS Confederation of Trade Unions or KOZ Entrepreneurs Association of Slovakia or ZPS Federation of Employers' Associations of the Slovak Republic Medical Trade Association or LOZ National Union of Employers or RUZ Slovak Chamber of Commerce and Industry or SOPK The Business Alliance of Slovakia or PAS |
| Slovenia |
Slovenian Roma Association [Jozek Horvat MUC other: Catholic Church; various trade and public sector employee unions |
| Solomon Islands |
Isatabu Freedom Movement (IFM) Malaita Eagle Force (MEF) other: these rival armed ethnic factions crippled the Solomon Islands in a wave of violence from 1999 to 2003 |
| Somalia |
other: numerous clan and sub-clan factions exist both in support and in opposition to the transitional government |
| South Africa |
Congress of South African Trade Unions or COSATU [Zwelinzima VAVI, general secretary South African Communist Party or SACP [Blade NZIMANDE, general secretary South African National Civics Organization or SANCO [Richard MDAKANE, national president note: COSATU and SACP are in a formal alliance with the ANC |
| Spain |
Association for Victims of Terrorism or AVT (grassroots organization devoted primarily to supporting victims of the Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) terrorist organization) Catholic Church 15-M or 15 May protest movement, which is also known as the Indignados, Spanish for the "indignant ones" (a loose association of grassroots organizations that advocate for greater accountability and transparency in Spanish politics, increased social justice and job creation) Socialist General Union of Workers or UGT and the smaller independent Workers Syndical Union or USO Trade Union Confederation of Workers' Commissions or CC.OO. Spanish Confederation of Employers' Organizations or CEOE other: business and landowning interests; free labor unions (authorized in April 1977); university students |
| Sri Lanka |
Buddhist clergy Sinhalese Buddhist lay groups other: labor unions; hard-line nationalist Sinhalese groups such as the National Movement Against Terrorism |
| Sudan |
Darfur rebel groups including the Justice and Equality Movement or JEM [Gibril Fidail IBRAHIM National Consensus Front (NCF) [Farouq ABU ISSA Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N) [Malik AGAR Sudan Revolutionary Front (SRF) [Malik AGAR |
| Suriname |
Association of Indigenous Village Chiefs [Ricardo PANE Association of Saramaccan Authorities or Maroon [Head Captain WASE Women's Parliament Forum or PVF [Iris GILLIAD |
| Svalbard |
NA |
| Swaziland |
Swaziland Democracy Campaign Swaziland Federation of Trade Unions Swaziland Solidarity Network or SSN |
| Sweden |
Children's Rights in Society Swedish Confederation of Professional Employees or TCO Swedish Trade Union Confederation (Landsorganisationen) or LO [Wanja LUNDBY-WEDIN other: environmental groups; media |
| Switzerland |
NA |
| Syria |
Free Syrian Army Syrian Muslim Brotherhood or SMB [Muhammad Riyad al-SHAQFAH Syrian Opposition Coalition or National Coalition of Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces [al-Asi- al-JARBAL note: there are also hundreds of local groups that organize protests and stage armed attacks |
| Taiwan |
other: environmental groups; independence movement; various business groups note: debate on Taiwan independence has become acceptable within the mainstream of domestic politics on Taiwan; public opinion polls consistently show a substantial majority of Taiwan people supports maintaining Taiwan's status quo for the foreseeable future; advocates of Taiwan independence oppose the stand that the island will eventually unify with mainland China; advocates of eventual unification predicate their goal on the democratic transformation of the mainland |
| Tajikistan |
influential religious leader Akbar TURAJONZODA New Tajikistan party, unregistered [Zayd SAIDOV opposition group Guruhi-24 (Group-24), unregistered [Umarali QUVVATOV presidential candidate of Union of Reformist Forces of Tajikistan Oynihol BOBONAZAROVA, unregistered Vatandor (Patriot) Movement [Dodojon ATOVULLOEV Youth Party of Tajikistan, unregistered [Izzat AMON |
| Tanzania |
Economic and Social Research Foundation or ESRF Free Zanzibar Tanzania Media Women's Association or TAMWA |
| Thailand |
Multicolor Group People's Alliance for Democracy or PAD People's Democratic Reform Committee or PDRC Student and People Network for Thailand's Reform or STR United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship or UDD |
| Timor-Leste |
NA |
| Togo |
NA |
| Tokelau |
none |
| Tonga |
Human Rights and Democracy Movement Tonga or HRDMT [Rev. Simote VEA, chairman Public Servant's Association [Finau TUTONE |
| Trinidad and Tobago |
Jamaat-al Muslimeen [Yasin ABU BAKR |
| Tunisia |
18 October Group [collective leadership Tunisian League for Human Rights or LTDH [Mokhtar TRIFI Tunisian General Labor Union or UGTT [Hassine ABASSI |
| Turkey |
Confederation of Businessmen and Industrialists of Turkey or TUSKON [Rizanur MERAL Confederation of Public Sector Unions or KESK [Lami OZGEN Confederation of Revolutionary Workers Unions or DISK [Tayfun GORGUN Independent Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association or MUSIAD [Omer Cihad VARDAN Moral Rights Workers Union or Hak-Is [Mahmut ARSLAN Turkish Confederation of Employers' Unions or TISK [Tugrul KUDATGOBILIK Turkish Confederation of Labor or Turk-Is [Mustafa KUMLU Turkish Confederation of Tradesmen and Craftsmen or TESK [Bendevi PALANDOKEN Turkish Industrialists' and Businessmen's Association or TUSIAD [Muharrem YILMAZ Turkish Union of Chambers of Commerce and Commodity Exchanges or TOBB [M. Rifat HISARCIKLIOGLU |
| Turkmenistan |
none |
| Turks and Caicos Islands |
NA |
| Tuvalu |
none |
| Uganda |
Lord's Resistance Army or LRA [Joseph KONY National Association of Women Organizations in Uganda or NAWOU [Florence NEKYON Parliamentary Advocacy Forum or PAFO The Ugandan Coalition for Political Accountability to Women or COPAW |
| Ukraine |
Committee of Voters of Ukraine [Oleksandr CHERNENKO OPORA [Olha AIVAZOVSKA |
| United Arab Emirates |
NA |
| United Kingdom |
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament Confederation of British Industry National Farmers' Union Trades Union Congress |
| United States |
other: environmentalists; business groups; labor unions; churches; ethnic groups; political action committees or PACs; health groups; education groups; civic groups; youth groups; transportation groups; agricultural groups; veterans groups; women's groups; reform lobbies |
| Uruguay |
B'nai Brith Catholic Church Chamber of Commerce and Export of Agriproducts Chamber of Industries (manufacturer's association) Exporters Union of Uruguay National Chamber of Commerce and Services PIT/CNT (powerful federation of Uruguayan Unions - umbrella labor organization) Rural Association of Uruguay (rancher's association) Uruguayan Network of Political Women other: students |
| Uzbekistan |
there are no significant opposition political parties or pressure groups operating in Uzbekistan |
| Vanuatu |
NA |
| Venezuela |
Bolivarian and Socialist Workers' Union (a ruling party labor union) Confederacion Venezolana de Industriales or Coindustria (a conservative business group) Consejos Comunales (pro-Chavez local cooperatives) FEDECAMARAS (a conservative business group) Union of Oil Workers of Venezuela or FUTPV Venezuelan Confederation of Workers or CTV (opposition-oriented labor organization) other: various civil society groups and human rights organizations |
| Vietnam |
8406 Bloc Democratic Party of Vietnam or DPV People's Democratic Party Vietnam or PDP-VN Alliance for Democracy note: these groups advocate democracy but are not recognized by the government |
| Virgin Islands |
NA |
| Wallis and Futuna |
NA |
| Western Sahara |
none |
| Yemen |
Huthis Muslim Brotherhood Women National Committee other: conservative tribal groups; southern secessionist groups; al-Qa'ida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) |
| Zimbabwe |
Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition National Constitutional Assembly or NCA [Lovemore MADHUKU Women of Zimbabwe Arise or WOZA [Jenni WILLIAMS Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions or ZCTU [Wellington CHIBEBE |


This is the starting page of the online help for "CrypTool 1" (CT1). Within
this online help, from now on the version family CT1 is just called "CrypTool".
You can find further information about the future program versions CT2 and JCT
under Future Versions CT2 and JCT.
CrypTool is a comprehensive, free e-learning program about cryptography and cryptanalysis (cryptology). The relationship of the topics cryptology, IT security and risk management is described here.
You can access the starting page of CrypTool via the menu entry Help \ Starting Page.
Interactive Demonstrations / Visualizations
Online Help, Documentation and Tutorials
Terms of the Licence / Non-Liability / Copyright
|
By pressing F1 or using the context-sensitive help via mouse you can get help everywhere in the program. Help is available for
If you are not familiar with using online help under Windows, click on How to use the CrypTool online help. Via the Starting Options you can determine which windows are opened automatically when starting CrypTool. Kindly note the terms of the license and the information regarding non-liability for any damage arising from the use of CrypTool. |
CrypTool is a freeware and open source program which enables you to apply and analyze cryptographic mechanisms. It has the typical look-and-feel of Windows applications.
CrypTool contains exhaustive online help, which can be understood without extensive knowledge of cryptography.
CrypTool has been continously developed since 1998. It is available in English, German, French, Greek, Polish, Serbian, and Spanish. A version in Russian is under construction. CrypTool has implemented almost all state-of-the-art crypto functions and allows you to learn about and use cryptography within the same environment.
The methods available include both classic methods and modern cryptosystems:
A summary of all the encryption algorithms implemented in CrypTool is available in the online help page for the Encrypt/Decrypt menu.
Both, the included CrypTool presentation as well as the CrypTool web site, contain many screen shots.
If you encrypt a document the result will be shown in a new sub-window: The title of the resulting window contains both the name of the original document and the encryption key used. The usage of keys is supported by two special icons: Clicking the icon "Show key" allows you to copy the used key from a resulting window into an internal storage. If you then encrypt another document with the same encryption method the icon "Insert key" is active within the key entry dialog box. This is helpful, especially with more complex keys.
Automatic analysis tools for obtaining the key, starting from the knowledge of the encrypted document and any additional information (the unencrypted document or the language of the document), are provided for most of the classic encryption algorithms. Analysis tools against modern methods are also available (e.g. brute-force attacks against keys or factorisation attacks). For additional information on the analysis tools, see the online help page for the Analysis menu and choose the encryption algorithm to be analyzed there.
To support your own analysis of documents, CrypTool can display a histogram of the document, determine the statistics for any n-grams and calculate entropy and autocorrelation.
The encryption functions within the menu Encrypt/Decrypt are implemented in a way that they can be called upon and performed efficiently.
On the other hand, the functions in the menu Indiv. Procedures are mostly implemented in a way that they can be performed step by step and interactively. Here the e-learning aspect is the main focus.
In the menu Indiv. Procedures ("individual procedures") single different methods and protocols are offered.
For example:
The remaining menu items in the main menu "Indiv. Procedures" are described below (see RSA Cryptosystem and Visualizations).
Which menu items can be selected depends on the type of the active document (binary, text or graphics) and whether a document is open or not. All menu items are visible all the time, but only the ones which fit to the current document type can be selected. The remaining menu items are disabled.
An overview of all menu items within CrypTool can be found in the menu tree (in appendix A of the CT-Book).
Within CrypTool the modern algorithms are implemented according to international standards.
The authors of CrypTool did not implement cryptographic functionality where very good free programs were available in the internet: So dictionary attacks against password files (see John-the-Ripper, http://www.openwall.com/john/) are not part of CrypTool.
The RSA cryptosystem (see menu Indiv. Procedures \ RSA Cryptosystem \ RSA demonstration) is covered comprehensively and implemented for different codings. The RSA key can be generated from prime numbers selected by the user. Key generation, encryption and decryption can be followed step-by-step.
Factorization of numbers is also an important application for cryptography. Simple RSA cryptosystems can be easily cracked using the factorization algorithms presented in CrypTool. Thus, you get an idea of the minimum length of keys necessary for secure systems.
Remark: The factorization algorithms implemented in CT2 are faster than the ones in CT1 -- one reason is that in CT2 all cores of the CPU are used for parallel threads.
Interactive Demonstrations / Visualizations
The interactive demonstrations (visualizations) are helpful for improving the understanding of the following topics:
Besides the interactive demonstrations the CrypTool package contains the educational game The Number Shark, which trains pupils to calculate factors and to make use of prime numbers.
Online Help, Documentation, Tutorials and Crypto Challenges
During the development of CrypTool, much care has been taken to ensure that context sensitive help is available at any point by pressing the F1 key. You can get a fast overview, if you open a file and move through the menu items: Just click F1 to see details about any menu item.
The extensive online help
Besides the online help, CrypTool provides additional documentation:
In addition to the tutorials and the online help you can call from within CrypTool an Authorware computer based training about elementary number theory.
Also, a couple of encrypted files are attached to CrypTool (Klaus Schmeh
compiled most of these Crypto Puzzles
and illustrated them in his book).
Many more cryptographic challenges can be found at the website of the crypto
cipher contest
MysteryTwister C3.
CrypTool was developed jointly by companies and universities to provide an adequate teaching aid. It is also used to raise IT security awareness in programs conducted by corporations and, for the end user, to gain a deeper understanding of the concept of security.
Another objective was to demonstrate the cryptographic techniques employed in organizations. Therefore, with CrypTool as a reliable reference implementation the possibility of checking the encryption functionality of other programs exists.
Several existing libraries have been integrated into CrypTool. Thanks to the owners who allowed us to do so:
The hash functions, the modern symmetric and the asymmetric encryption algorithms and the key management functions are based on the Secude toolkit developed by Secude IT Security Ltd.
The ECC-AES hybrid encryption makes use of the cv act library by cv cryptovision GmbH (http://www.cryptovision.com/).
In order to demonstrate the RSA cryptosystem and to factorize integers CrypTool uses the long integer arithmetic of the Miracl library from DCU/CertiVox (former Shamus Software) (http://www.compapp.dcu.ie/~mike/shamus.html).
Fast calculation of huge Mersenne primes is done with the APFLOAT library of Mikko Tommila (http://www.apfloat.org/apfloat).
In order to demonstrate the hash collisions (using the birthday paradox) the library libeay32.dll from OpenSSL (http://www.openssl.org/) is used.
Victor Shoup's number theoretic library NTL (http://www.shoup.net/ntl) is used to do lattice based RSA attacks.
The MPIR library (http://mpir.org) for arbitrary precision arithmetic is used for prime number tests.
The source code of CrypTool 1.4 is hosted by the University of Kassel, Germany.
Information about the future roadmap can be found on the CrypTool web site, within the Readme file and in the CrypTool presentation. There, the successor projects CT2 and JCT are introduced too.
The successor versions of CT1 are CT2 and JCT. Both are already stable programs:
A summary of all the encryption algorithms implemented in all CT variants is available at the CrypTool Portal.
Terms of the License / Non-Liability / Copyright
The binary version of the CrypTool product (CrypTool.exe and other executables contained in the package) is provided free of charge to every user for training and test purposes and for the purpose of familiarisation with cryptographic methods. So CrypTool can also be used commercially. In any case the following conditions have to be fulfilled:The enclosed stories "The Dialogue of the Sisters" and "The Chinese Labyrinth" are governed by the following license terms: The author owns all rights to these stories. The maintainer of CrypTool is authorized by the author to distribute these stories only together with the CrypTool package.
The source code of the CrypTool product is distributed under the terms of the Apache License 2.0. This does neither apply to the source code of the libraries Secude toolkit, Miracl and cv act, nor to the ANIMAL system.
The open source developer group, headed by Prof. Bernhard Esslinger (esslinger@fb5.uni-siegen.de), does the maintenance. Being the maintainer means to coordinate and execute actively the further development of CrypTool as freeware and open source software. Each maintainer has committed himself to take care that:
Please note the terms of license and the information regarding non-liability for any damage arising from the use of CrypTool.
Bernhard Esslinger -- Copyright © 1998 - 2016 Deutsche Bank AG and Contributors


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Section 2.23 Block Commands
Skills Addressed in this Lesson:
Open the block commands menu.
Copy and paste a block of text to and from the clipboard.
Delete or move a block of text.
Learn about other aspects of the block commands menu.
Subsection 2.23.1 Tasks
When writing and editing in a document or e-mail,, you may use the block commands menu. From within a document you have already written, press space with b to open the block commands menu.
-
In the block commands menu, space or backspace to explore the available options of:
Append block to clipboard
Copy block to clipboard
Delete a block of text
Insert a file
Move a block of text to the clipboard
Paste a block of text from the clipboard
Read a block of text
Store, block of text
Top marker insertion
Bottom marker insertion
Erase file and exit keyword
Zap, erase the block markers
Grade, correct grade of block
Exit the block commands menu now. Use e with space to exit the block commands menu.
Practice a common task using the block commands menu. Put the cursor at the beginning of a sentence in a practice document.
Press space with b to go to the block commands menu.
Press t for top block marker. You will then be taken back to your document.
Use the cursor keys to place the cursor at the end of the sentence. Press space with b to go back to the block commands menu.
Press b for bottom block marker.
Since you now have a top block mark set and a bottom block mark set, you will remain in the block commands menu. Press c to copy the block of text to the clipboard.
You will be placed back in your document. Go to the end of the document.
Paste the block of text at the end of the document. Then you will have two copies of the sentence. One in the original location and one at the end of the document.
You may use the block commands menu to help edit documents or to move text from one document to another.
When you append a block to the clipboard, you are adding the block to what is already in the clipboard.
Cutting text to the clipboard means the text will be placed on the clipboard. It will no longer remain where it was in the document. "Cut" means that you removed the block of text.
Explore other block commands areas as time allows.
Note: The block commands menu can be used on the Internet, in books, and various areas of the BrailleNote.
Subsection 2.23.2 Quiz
True or False
To append text to the clipboard means to add the text to the end of the clipboard.
Space with b will open the block commands menu.
With the block commands menu, it is possible to delete a block of text.
There is no difference between cutting text from the clipboard and copying text from the clipboard.
Press space with dot3 or space with dot6 to move a day back and forward at a time in the calendar.
From the Main Menu of the BrailleNote, access the internet by keying in the letter b.
To open a link on a web page, press enter.
Enter with backspace with c will open the calculator.
Space with f, then f will find text forward from the cursor.
Space with b, then b will set a bottom block marker.


§412:3-108 Generally accepted accounting principles. Every Hawaii financial institution shall follow generally accepted accounting principles, except as otherwise prescribed by the appropriate federal regulatory agency. [L 1993, c 350, pt of §1]


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High school was a struggle for me, mostly due to a curious, creative, and over active mind that was stuck in a redundant system where I thrashed against the walls of traditional education. My parents and teachers thought of me as was a lazy daydreamer; the truth was somewhere in the middle (well, not exactly in the middle, honestly much closer to the daydreamer side.)
In my first year of college I really blossomed, unfortunately not in academics. With a very mediocre attempt at a semester in college, I decided to try to find work with my Uncle Sam. In the Army I leaned the self- discipline I needed to focus my curious creativity toward academic study, and I went back to school as soon as I got out. A Zoology degree later I found myself teaching 8th grade science in the very same system that I had flailed around in so many years prior.
Teach, test, teach, test, and so on… teachers taught, kids learned (or didn’t) and the years rolled on. For 14 years and across 5 different grades and almost all subjects of science I pushed to change the way education worked. I changed, refined, threw out, started over, changed, went back to the trash can to brush the coffee grounds off the old stuff to realize it wasn’t that bad. I knew that the traditional school was ok for the traditional student, but not for students like me. I find myself now in the cyberworld, and I know that we possess the tools to finally tailor education to meet the varied and specific needs of each and every student.


The investment universe consists of US-listed companies. A minimum stock price filter is used to avoid penny stocks. To avoid stocks that are not liquid enough, we select 1000 stocks with the highest dollar volume.
def CoarseSelectionFunction(self, coarse): if self.monthly_rebalance: self.coarse = True coarse = [x for x in coarse if (x.AdjustedPrice > 10)] topDollarVolume = sorted(coarse, key=lambda x: x.DollarVolume, reverse=True)[:1000] return [i.Symbol for i in topDollarVolume] else: return []
In FineSelectionFunction(self, fine)
, we calculate the market cap value with shares outstanding, earning per shares and the PE ratio.
Then stocks are sorted by their market capitalization. The top 10 stocks are selected as the large-cap group and the bottom 10 stocks belong to the small-cap group.
def FineSelectionFunction(self, fine): if self.monthly_rebalance: fine =[i for i in fine if i.EarningReports.BasicAverageShares.ThreeMonths>0 and i.EarningReports.BasicEPS.TwelveMonths>0 and i.ValuationRatios.PERatio>0] for i in fine: i.MarketCap = float(i.EarningReports.BasicAverageShares.ThreeMonths * (i.EarningReports.BasicEPS.TwelveMonths*i.ValuationRatios.PERatio)) sorted_market_cap = sorted(fine, key = lambda x:x.MarketCap, reverse=True) symbols = [i.Symbol for i in sorted_market_cap] self.top_market_cap = symbols[:10] self.bottom_market_cap = symbols[-10:] return self.top_market_cap + self.bottom_market_cap else: return []
The algorithm invests into small-cap stocks at the beginning of each January and stays invested in large-cap stocks for rest of the year. The portfolio is rebalanced every month.
def OnData(self, data): if not (self.monthly_rebalance and self.coarse): return self.coarse = False self.monthly_rebalance = False stocks_invested = [x.Key for x in self.Portfolio if x.Value.Invested] # invest in small cap stocks at the beginning of each January if self.Time.month == 1: # liquidate stocks not in the small-cap group for i in stocks_invested: if i not in self.bottom_market_cap: self.Liquidate(i) weight = 1/len(self.bottom_market_cap) for i in self.bottom_market_cap: self.SetHoldings(i, weight) # invest in large cap stocks for rest of the year else: # liquidate stocks not in the large-cap group for i in stocks_invested: if i not in self.top_market_cap: self.Liquidate(i) weight = 1/len(self.top_market_cap) for i in self.top_market_cap: self.SetHoldings(i, weight)


Worked in a team to create a website using html css javascriprt.
Worked in a team to create templates and website based on Child Care.
Created an entertainment platform dashboard with videos and posters.
WordPress is a free and open-source content management system written in PHP and paired with a MySQL or MariaDB database. Features include a plugin architecture and a template system, referred to within WordPress as Themes.
A database intends to have a collection of data stored together to serve multiple applications as possible. Hence a database is often conceived of as a repository of information needed for running certain functions in a corporation or organization.
Digital photography uses cameras containing arrays of electronic photodetectors to produce images focused by a lens, as opposed to an exposure on photographic film. The captured images are digitized and stored as a computer file ready for further digital processing, viewing, electronic publishing, or digital printing.
Data processing, manipulation of data by a computer. It includes the conversion of raw data to machine-readable form, flow of data through the CPU and memory to output devices, and formatting or transformation of output. Any use of computers to perform defined operations on data can be included under data processing.
A scripting language or script language is a programming language for a runtime system that automates the execution of tasks that would otherwise be performed individually by a human operator. Scripting languages are usually interpreted at runtime rather than compiled.
Natural passion for developing innovative solutions using analytical and critical skils, problem-solving skills, managing timelines, optimising available resources. Experience working in diverse enviroment with flexibility in work schedule. Knowledge about programming skills. Academic experience in field of computer networking.
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Posters are everywhere like at the place of business, public places, at
trade shows and conventions and as a perk to vendors and
suppliers. Posters allow us to spread message faster in a simple and
affordable way. It helps us to form immediate visual impressions on
potential customers. To see plenty of creative poster designs, start a
design contest now!
: +91-7080855524 : inquirycws@gmail.com


public class AffineTransformation extends java.lang.Object implements java.lang.Cloneable, CoordinateSequenceFilter
Coordinate
or Geometry
.
An affine transformation is a mapping of the 2D plane into itself
via a series of transformations of the following basic types:
An affine transformation can be represented by a 3x3 matrix in the following form:
A coordinate P = (x, y) can be transformed to a new coordinate P' = (x', y') by representing it as a 3x1 matrix and using matrix multiplication to compute:T = | m00 m01 m02 | | m10 m11 m12 | | 0 0 1 |
| x' | = T x | x | | y' | | y | | 1 | | 1 |
compose(com.vividsolutions.jts.geom.util.AffineTransformation)
method.
Composition is computed via multiplication of the
transformation matrices, and is defined as:
This produces a transformation whose effect is that of A followed by B. The methodsA.compose(B) = TB x TA
reflect(double, double, double, double)
, rotate(double)
,
scale(double, double)
, shear(double, double)
, and translate(double, double)
have the effect of composing a transformation of that type with
the transformation they are invoked on.
The composition of transformations is in general not commutative.
getInverse()
method
computes the inverse of a transformation, if one exists.| Constructor and Description |
|---|
AffineTransformation()
Constructs a new identity transformation
|
AffineTransformation(AffineTransformation trans)
Constructs a transformation which is
a copy of the given one.
|
AffineTransformation(Coordinate src0,
Coordinate src1,
Coordinate src2,
Coordinate dest0,
Coordinate dest1,
Coordinate dest2)
Constructs a transformation
which maps the given source
points into the given destination points.
|
AffineTransformation(double[] matrix)
Constructs a new transformation whose
matrix has the specified values.
|
AffineTransformation(double m00,
double m01,
double m02,
double m10,
double m11,
double m12)
Constructs a new transformation whose
matrix has the specified values.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
java.lang.Object |
clone()
Clones this transformation
|
AffineTransformation |
compose(AffineTransformation trans)
Updates this transformation to be
the composition of this transformation with the given
AffineTransformation . |
AffineTransformation |
composeBefore(AffineTransformation trans)
Updates this transformation to be the composition
of a given
AffineTransformation with this transformation. |
boolean |
equals(java.lang.Object obj)
Tests if an object is an
AffineTransformation
and has the same matrix as
this transformation.
|
void |
filter(CoordinateSequence seq,
int i)
Transforms the i'th coordinate in the input sequence
|
double |
getDeterminant()
Computes the determinant of the transformation matrix.
|
AffineTransformation |
getInverse()
Computes the inverse of this transformation, if one
exists.
|
double[] |
getMatrixEntries()
Gets an array containing the entries
of the transformation matrix.
|
boolean |
isDone()
Reports that this filter should continue to be executed until
all coordinates have been transformed.
|
boolean |
isGeometryChanged()
Reports whether the execution of this filter
has modified the coordinates of the geometry.
|
boolean |
isIdentity()
Tests if this transformation is the identity transformation.
|
AffineTransformation |
reflect(double x,
double y)
Updates the value of this transformation
to that of a reflection transformation composed
with the current value.
|
AffineTransformation |
reflect(double x0,
double y0,
double x1,
double y1)
Updates the value of this transformation
to that of a reflection transformation composed
with the current value.
|
static AffineTransformation |
reflectionInstance(double x,
double y)
Creates a transformation for a reflection about the
line (0,0) - (x,y).
|
static AffineTransformation |
reflectionInstance(double x0,
double y0,
double x1,
double y1)
Creates a transformation for a reflection about the
line (x0,y0) - (x1,y1).
|
AffineTransformation |
rotate(double theta)
Updates the value of this transformation
to that of a rotation transformation composed
with the current value.
|
AffineTransformation |
rotate(double sinTheta,
double cosTheta)
Updates the value of this transformation
to that of a rotation around the origin composed
with the current value,
with the sin and cos of the rotation angle specified directly.
|
AffineTransformation |
rotate(double theta,
double x,
double y)
Updates the value of this transformation
to that of a rotation around a given point composed
with the current value.
|
AffineTransformation |
rotate(double sinTheta,
double cosTheta,
double x,
double y)
Updates the value of this transformation
to that of a rotation around a given point composed
with the current value,
with the sin and cos of the rotation angle specified directly.
|
static AffineTransformation |
rotationInstance(double theta)
Creates a transformation for a rotation
about the origin
by an angle theta.
|
static AffineTransformation |
rotationInstance(double sinTheta,
double cosTheta)
Creates a transformation for a rotation
by an angle theta,
specified by the sine and cosine of the angle.
|
static AffineTransformation |
rotationInstance(double theta,
double x,
double y)
Creates a transformation for a rotation
about the point (x,y) by an angle theta.
|
static AffineTransformation |
rotationInstance(double sinTheta,
double cosTheta,
double x,
double y)
Creates a transformation for a rotation
about the point (x,y) by an angle theta,
specified by the sine and cosine of the angle.
|
AffineTransformation |
scale(double xScale,
double yScale)
Updates the value of this transformation
to that of a scale transformation composed
with the current value.
|
static AffineTransformation |
scaleInstance(double xScale,
double yScale)
Creates a transformation for a scaling relative to the origin.
|
static AffineTransformation |
scaleInstance(double xScale,
double yScale,
double x,
double y)
Creates a transformation for a scaling relative to the point (x,y).
|
AffineTransformation |
setToIdentity()
Sets this transformation to be the identity transformation.
|
AffineTransformation |
setToReflection(double x,
double y)
Sets this transformation to be a reflection
about the line defined by vector (x,y).
|
AffineTransformation |
setToReflection(double x0,
double y0,
double x1,
double y1)
Sets this transformation to be a reflection
about the line defined by a line (x0,y0) - (x1,y1).
|
AffineTransformation |
setToReflectionBasic(double x0,
double y0,
double x1,
double y1)
Explicitly computes the math for a reflection.
|
AffineTransformation |
setToRotation(double theta)
Sets this transformation to be a rotation around the origin.
|
AffineTransformation |
setToRotation(double sinTheta,
double cosTheta)
Sets this transformation to be a rotation around the origin
by specifying the sin and cos of the rotation angle directly.
|
AffineTransformation |
setToRotation(double theta,
double x,
double y)
Sets this transformation to be a rotation
around a given point (x,y).
|
AffineTransformation |
setToRotation(double sinTheta,
double cosTheta,
double x,
double y)
Sets this transformation to be a rotation
around a given point (x,y)
by specifying the sin and cos of the rotation angle directly.
|
AffineTransformation |
setToScale(double xScale,
double yScale)
Sets this transformation to be a scaling.
|
AffineTransformation |
setToShear(double xShear,
double yShear)
Sets this transformation to be a shear.
|
AffineTransformation |
setToTranslation(double dx,
double dy)
Sets this transformation to be a translation.
|
AffineTransformation |
setTransformation(AffineTransformation trans)
Sets this transformation to be a copy of the given one
|
AffineTransformation |
setTransformation(double m00,
double m01,
double m02,
double m10,
double m11,
double m12)
Sets this transformation's matrix to have the given values.
|
AffineTransformation |
shear(double xShear,
double yShear)
Updates the value of this transformation
to that of a shear transformation composed
with the current value.
|
static AffineTransformation |
shearInstance(double xShear,
double yShear)
Creates a transformation for a shear.
|
java.lang.String |
toString()
Gets a text representation of this transformation.
|
Coordinate |
transform(Coordinate src,
Coordinate dest)
Applies this transformation to the src coordinate
and places the results in the dest coordinate
(which may be the same as the source).
|
void |
transform(CoordinateSequence seq,
int i)
Applies this transformation to the i'th coordinate
in the given CoordinateSequence.
|
Geometry |
transform(Geometry g)
Cretaes a new @link Geometry which is the result
of this transformation applied to the input Geometry.
|
AffineTransformation |
translate(double x,
double y)
Updates the value of this transformation
to that of a translation transformation composed
with the current value.
|
static AffineTransformation |
translationInstance(double x,
double y)
Creates a transformation for a translation.
|
public AffineTransformation()
public AffineTransformation(double[] matrix)
matrix
- an array containing the 6 values { m00, m01, m02, m10, m11, m12 }java.lang.NullPointerException
- if matrix is nulljava.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
- if matrix is too smallpublic AffineTransformation(double m00, double m01, double m02, double m10, double m11, double m12)
m00
- the entry for the [0, 0] element in the transformation matrixm01
- the entry for the [0, 1] element in the transformation matrixm02
- the entry for the [0, 2] element in the transformation matrixm10
- the entry for the [1, 0] element in the transformation matrixm11
- the entry for the [1, 1] element in the transformation matrixm12
- the entry for the [1, 2] element in the transformation matrixpublic AffineTransformation(AffineTransformation trans)
trans
- the transformation to copypublic AffineTransformation(Coordinate src0, Coordinate src1, Coordinate src2, Coordinate dest0, Coordinate dest1, Coordinate dest2)
src0
- source point 0src1
- source point 1src2
- source point 2dest0
- the mapped point for source point 0dest1
- the mapped point for source point 1dest2
- the mapped point for source point 2public static AffineTransformation reflectionInstance(double x0, double y0, double x1, double y1)
x0
- the x-ordinate of a point on the reflection liney0
- the y-ordinate of a point on the reflection linex1
- the x-ordinate of a another point on the reflection liney1
- the y-ordinate of a another point on the reflection linepublic static AffineTransformation reflectionInstance(double x, double y)
x
- the x-ordinate of a point on the reflection liney
- the y-ordinate of a point on the reflection linepublic static AffineTransformation rotationInstance(double theta)
theta
- the rotation angle, in radianspublic static AffineTransformation rotationInstance(double sinTheta, double cosTheta)
sinTheta
- the sine of the rotation anglecosTheta
- the cosine of the rotation anglepublic static AffineTransformation rotationInstance(double theta, double x, double y)
theta
- the rotation angle, in radiansx
- the x-ordinate of the rotation pointy
- the y-ordinate of the rotation pointpublic static AffineTransformation rotationInstance(double sinTheta, double cosTheta, double x, double y)
sinTheta
- the sine of the rotation anglecosTheta
- the cosine of the rotation anglex
- the x-ordinate of the rotation pointy
- the y-ordinate of the rotation pointpublic static AffineTransformation scaleInstance(double xScale, double yScale)
xScale
- the value to scale by in the x directionyScale
- the value to scale by in the y directionpublic static AffineTransformation scaleInstance(double xScale, double yScale, double x, double y)
xScale
- the value to scale by in the x directionyScale
- the value to scale by in the y directionx
- the x-ordinate of the point to scale aroundy
- the y-ordinate of the point to scale aroundpublic static AffineTransformation shearInstance(double xShear, double yShear)
xShear
- the value to shear by in the x directionyShear
- the value to shear by in the y directionpublic static AffineTransformation translationInstance(double x, double y)
x
- the value to translate by in the x directiony
- the value to translate by in the y directionpublic AffineTransformation setToIdentity()
| 1 0 0 | | 0 1 0 | | 0 0 1 |
public AffineTransformation setTransformation(double m00, double m01, double m02, double m10, double m11, double m12)
m00
- the entry for the [0, 0] element in the transformation matrixm01
- the entry for the [0, 1] element in the transformation matrixm02
- the entry for the [0, 2] element in the transformation matrixm10
- the entry for the [1, 0] element in the transformation matrixm11
- the entry for the [1, 1] element in the transformation matrixm12
- the entry for the [1, 2] element in the transformation matrixpublic AffineTransformation setTransformation(AffineTransformation trans)
trans
- a transformation to copypublic double[] getMatrixEntries()
m00, m01, m02, m10, m11, m12
public double getDeterminant()
If the determinant is zero, the transform is singular (not invertible), and operations which attempt to compute an inverse will throw a NoninvertibleTransformException.| m00 m01 m02 | | m10 m11 m12 | = m00 * m11 - m01 * m10 | 0 0 1 |
getInverse()
public AffineTransformation getInverse() throws NoninvertibleTransformationException
The matrix of the inverse is equal to the inverse of the matrix for the transformation. It is computed as follows:
1 inverse(A) = --- x adjoint(A) det = 1 | m11 -m01 m01*m12-m02*m11 | --- x | -m10 m00 -m00*m12+m10*m02 | det | 0 0 m00*m11-m10*m01 | = | m11/det -m01/det m01*m12-m02*m11/det | | -m10/det m00/det -m00*m12+m10*m02/det | | 0 0 1 |
NoninvertibleTransformationException
getDeterminant()
public AffineTransformation setToReflectionBasic(double x0, double y0, double x1, double y1)
x0
- the X ordinate of one point on the reflection liney0
- the Y ordinate of one point on the reflection linex1
- the X ordinate of another point on the reflection liney1
- the Y ordinate of another point on the reflection linepublic AffineTransformation setToReflection(double x0, double y0, double x1, double y1)
x0
- the X ordinate of one point on the reflection liney0
- the Y ordinate of one point on the reflection linex1
- the X ordinate of another point on the reflection liney1
- the Y ordinate of another point on the reflection linepublic AffineTransformation setToReflection(double x, double y)
d = sqrt(x2 + y2) sin = y / d; cos = x / d; Tref = Trot(sin, cos) x Tscale(1, -1) x Trot(-sin, cos)
x
- the x-component of the reflection line vectory
- the y-component of the reflection line vectorpublic AffineTransformation setToRotation(double theta)
| cos(theta) -sin(theta) 0 | | sin(theta) cos(theta) 0 | | 0 0 1 |
theta
- the rotation angle, in radianspublic AffineTransformation setToRotation(double sinTheta, double cosTheta)
| cosTheta -sinTheta 0 | | sinTheta cosTheta 0 | | 0 0 1 |
sinTheta
- the sine of the rotation anglecosTheta
- the cosine of the rotation anglepublic AffineTransformation setToRotation(double theta, double x, double y)
| cosTheta -sinTheta x-x*cos+y*sin | | sinTheta cosTheta y-x*sin-y*cos | | 0 0 1 |
theta
- the rotation angle, in radiansx
- the x-ordinate of the rotation pointy
- the y-ordinate of the rotation pointpublic AffineTransformation setToRotation(double sinTheta, double cosTheta, double x, double y)
| cosTheta -sinTheta x-x*cos+y*sin | | sinTheta cosTheta y-x*sin-y*cos | | 0 0 1 |
sinTheta
- the sine of the rotation anglecosTheta
- the cosine of the rotation anglex
- the x-ordinate of the rotation pointy
- the y-ordinate of the rotation pointpublic AffineTransformation setToScale(double xScale, double yScale)
| xScale 0 dx | | 1 yScale dy | | 0 0 1 |
xScale
- the amount to scale x-ordinates byyScale
- the amount to scale y-ordinates bypublic AffineTransformation setToShear(double xShear, double yShear)
Note that a shear of (1, 1) is not equal to shear(1, 0) composed with shear(0, 1). Instead, shear(1, 1) corresponds to a mapping onto the line x = y.| 1 xShear 0 | | yShear 1 0 | | 0 0 1 |
xShear
- the x component to shear byyShear
- the y component to shear bypublic AffineTransformation setToTranslation(double dx, double dy)
| 1 0 dx | | 1 0 dy | | 0 0 1 |
dx
- the x component to translate bydy
- the y component to translate bypublic AffineTransformation reflect(double x0, double y0, double x1, double y1)
x0
- the x-ordinate of a point on the line to reflect aroundy0
- the y-ordinate of a point on the line to reflect aroundx1
- the x-ordinate of a point on the line to reflect aroundy1
- the y-ordinate of a point on the line to reflect aroundpublic AffineTransformation reflect(double x, double y)
x
- the x-ordinate of the line to reflect aroundy
- the y-ordinate of the line to reflect aroundpublic AffineTransformation rotate(double theta)
theta
- the angle to rotate by, in radianspublic AffineTransformation rotate(double sinTheta, double cosTheta)
sinTheta
- the sine of the angle to rotate bycosTheta
- the cosine of the angle to rotate bypublic AffineTransformation rotate(double theta, double x, double y)
theta
- the angle to rotate by, in radiansx
- the x-ordinate of the rotation pointy
- the y-ordinate of the rotation pointpublic AffineTransformation rotate(double sinTheta, double cosTheta, double x, double y)
sinTheta
- the sine of the angle to rotate bycosTheta
- the cosine of the angle to rotate byx
- the x-ordinate of the rotation pointy
- the y-ordinate of the rotation pointpublic AffineTransformation scale(double xScale, double yScale)
xScale
- the value to scale by in the x directionyScale
- the value to scale by in the y directionpublic AffineTransformation shear(double xShear, double yShear)
xShear
- the value to shear by in the x directionyShear
- the value to shear by in the y directionpublic AffineTransformation translate(double x, double y)
x
- the value to translate by in the x directiony
- the value to translate by in the y directionpublic AffineTransformation compose(AffineTransformation trans)
AffineTransformation
.
This produces a transformation whose effect
is equal to applying this transformation
followed by the argument transformation.
Mathematically,
A.compose(B) = TB x TA
trans
- an affine transformationpublic AffineTransformation composeBefore(AffineTransformation trans)
AffineTransformation
with this transformation.
This produces a transformation whose effect
is equal to applying the argument transformation
followed by this transformation.
Mathematically,
A.composeBefore(B) = TA x TB
trans
- an affine transformationpublic Coordinate transform(Coordinate src, Coordinate dest)
src
- the coordinate to transformdest
- the coordinate to accept the resultspublic Geometry transform(Geometry g)
seq
- a Geometry
public void transform(CoordinateSequence seq, int i)
seq
- a CoordinateSequence
i
- the index of the coordinate to transformpublic void filter(CoordinateSequence seq, int i)
filter
in interface CoordinateSequenceFilter
seq
- a CoordinateSequence
i
- the index of the coordinate to transformpublic boolean isGeometryChanged()
CoordinateSequenceFilter
Geometry.geometryChanged()
will be executed
after this filter has finished being executed.
Most filters can simply return a constant value reflecting whether they are able to change the coordinates.
isGeometryChanged
in interface CoordinateSequenceFilter
public boolean isDone()
isDone
in interface CoordinateSequenceFilter
public boolean isIdentity()
public boolean equals(java.lang.Object obj)
equals
in class java.lang.Object
obj
- an object to testpublic java.lang.String toString()
AffineTransformation[[m00, m01, m02], [m10, m11, m12]]
toString
in class java.lang.Object
public java.lang.Object clone()
clone
in class java.lang.Object


Record3D AR Demo
Drag'n'drop a RGBD mp4 video exported via
Record3D
to play it in 3D.
Want to see an example? You can download
this sample RGBD mp4 video
and drop it here.


Environments¶
(*) Weather types according to DOE’s classification.
(**) In these environments, weather series change from episode to episode. Gaussian noise with 0 mean and 2.5 std is added to the original values in order to add stochasticity.
(*) Weather types according to DOE’s classification.
(**) In these environments, weather series change from episode to episode. Gaussian noise with 0 mean and 2.5 std is added to the original values in order to add stochasticity.


Wrapper for embarrassingly parallel function evaluation. Runs "r=feval(funNm,jobs{i}{:})" for each job in a parallel manner. jobs should be a cell array of length nJob and each job should be a cell array of parameters to pass to funNm. funNm must be a function in the path and must return a single value (which may be a dummy value if funNm writes results to disk). Different forms of parallelization are supported depending on the hardware and Matlab toolboxes available. The type of parallelization is determined by the parameter 'type' described below. type='LOCAL': jobs are executed using a simple "for" loop. This implies no parallelization and is the default fallback option. type='PARFOR': jobs are executed using a "parfor" loop. This option is only available if the Matlab *Parallel Computing Toolbox* is installed. Make sure to setup Matlab workers first using "matlabpool open". type='DISTR': jobs are executed on the Caltech cluster. Distributed queuing system must be installed separately. Currently this option is only supported on the Caltech cluster but could easily be installed on any Linux cluster as it requires only SSH and a shared filesystem. Parameter pLaunch is used for controller('launchQueue',pLaunch{:}) and determines cluster machines used (e.g. pLaunch={48,401:408}). type='COMPILED': jobs are executed locally in parallel by first compiling an executable and then running it in background. This option requires the *Matlab Compiler* to be installed (but does NOT require the Parallel Computing Toolbox). Compiling can take 1-10 minutes, so use this option only for large jobs. (On Linux alter startup.m by calling addpath() only if ~isdeployed, otherwise will get error about "CTF" after compiling). Note that relative paths will not work after compiling so all paths used by funNm must be absolute paths. type='WINHPC': jobs are executed on a Windows HPC Server 2008 cluster. Similar to type='COMPILED', except after compiling, the executable is queued to the HPC cluster where all computation occurs. This option likewise requires the *Matlab Compiler*. Paths to data, etc., must be absolute paths and available from HPC cluster. Parameter pLaunch must have two fields 'scheduler' and 'shareDir' that define the HPC Server. Extra parameters in pLaunch add finer control, see fedWinhpc for details. For example, at MSR one possible cluster is defined by scheduler = 'MSR-L25-DEV21' and shareDir = '\\msr-arrays\scratch\msr-pool\L25-dev21'. Note call to 'job submit' from Matlab will hang unless pwd is saved (simply call 'job submit' from cmd prompt and enter pwd). USAGE [out,res] = fevalDistr( funNm, jobs, [varargin] ) INPUTS funNm - name of function that will process jobs jobs - [1xnJob] cell array of parameters for each job varargin - additional params (struct or name/value pairs) .type - ['local'], 'parfor', 'distr', 'compiled', 'winhpc' .pLaunch - [] extra params for type='distr' or type='winhpc' .group - [1] send jobs in batches (only relevant if type='distr') OUTPUTS out - 1 if jobs completed successfully res - [1xnJob] cell array containing results of each job EXAMPLE % Note: in this case parallel versions are slower since conv2 is so fast n=16; jobs=cell(1,n); for i=1:n, jobs{i}={rand(500),ones(25)}; end tic, [out,J1] = fevalDistr('conv2',jobs,'type','local'); toc, tic, [out,J2] = fevalDistr('conv2',jobs,'type','parfor'); toc, tic, [out,J3] = fevalDistr('conv2',jobs,'type','compiled'); toc [isequal(J1,J2), isequal(J1,J3)], figure(1); montage2(cell2array(J1)) See also matlabpool mcc Piotr's Computer Vision Matlab Toolbox Version 3.26 Copyright 2014 Piotr Dollar. [pdollar-at-gmail.com] Licensed under the Simplified BSD License [see external/bsd.txt]


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Before Change
downloaded_urls = []
for original_file in original_files:
asoc = DownloaderJobOriginalFileAssociation.objects.get_or_create(
downloader_job = downloader_job,
original_file = original_file
)[0]
downloaded_urls.append(original_file.source_url)
try:
After Change
downloaded_urls = []
for original_file in original_files:
DownloaderJobOriginalFileAssociation.objects.get_or_create(
downloader_job = downloader_job,
original_file = original_file
)
downloaded_urls.append(original_file.source_url)
try: