Even if the determinacy detection made possible by indexing is
unavailable to a predicate call, SICStus Prolog still can detect
determinacy before determinate exit from the predicate.
Space for backtracking information can thus be recovered as early
as possible, reducing memory requirements and increasing performance.
For instance, the predicate member/2
(found in the SICStus
Prolog library) could be defined by:
member(Element, [Element|_]). member(Element, [_|Rest]) :- member(Element, Rest).
member/2
might be called with an instantiated first
argument in order to check for membership of the argument in
a list, which is passed as a second argument, as in
| ?- member(4, [1,2,3,4]).
The first arguments of both clauses of member/2
are
variables, so first argument indexing cannot be used.
However, determinacy can still be detected before determinate exit
from the predicate. This is because on entry to the last
clause of a nondeterminate predicate, a call becomes
effectively determinate; it can tell that it has no more
clauses to backtrack to. Thus, backtracking
information is no longer needed, and its space can be reclaimed. In the
example, each time a call fails to match the first clause and
backtracks to the second (last) clause, backtracking
information for the call is automatically deleted.
Because of last clause determinacy detection, a cut is never needed as the first subgoal in the last clause of a predicate. Backtracking information will have been deleted before a cut in the last clause is executed, so the cut will have no effect except to waste time.
Note that last clause determinacy detection is exploited by dynamic code as well as static code in SICStus Prolog.


Before Change
complex_featurizers = []
input_transformer_classes = []
output_transformer_classes = [NormalizationTransformer]
task_types = {"log-solubility": "regression"}
input_file = "example.csv"
train_dataset, valid_dataset, _, output_transformers, = \
self._featurize_train_test_split(
splittype, compound_featurizers,
complex_featurizers, input_transformer_classes,
output_transformer_classes, input_file, task_types.keys())
params_dict = {
"n_estimators": [10, 100],
"max_features": ["auto"],
After Change
complex_featurizers = []
input_transformer_classes = []
output_transformer_classes = [NormalizationTransformer]
tasks = ["log-solubility"]
task_type = "regression"
task_types = {task: task_type for task in tasks}
input_file = "example.csv"
train_dataset, valid_dataset, _, output_transformers, = \
self._featurize_train_test_split(
splittype, compound_featurizers,


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GitOKR
Problem
There are no tools that help run a company using simple command line tools.
Existing Alternatives
Solution
Write tools that help create vision, goals, and standard operating procedures.
Key Metrics
Unique Value Proposition
High-Level Concept
Unfair Advantage
Channels
Customer Segments
Early Adopters
Cost Structure
Revenue Streams


What else are we doing?
It depends.
Uses git pull to get code on server, then runs rsync.
More flexibility, let's you choose which git commit to put live. Backs-up site.
Deploy to more than one server
server-1: deploy_code 5 seconds server-1: install_requirements 20 seconds server-1: backup_database 15 seconds server-1: migrate_database 12 seconds server-1: collectstatic 10 seconds server-1: switch_release 1 second server-1: reload_server 1 second server-2: deploy_code 5 seconds server-2: install_requirements 20 seconds server-2: backup_database 15 seconds server-2: migrate_database 12 seconds server-2: collectstatic 10 seconds server-2: switch_release 1 second server-2: reload_server 1 second
Total time to deploy = 128 seconds
Problems:
Server-2 Potential Downtime is from migrate_database starts to reload_server Server-1 Potential Downtime = 12 + 10 + 1 + 1 = 24 seconds Server-2 Potential Downtime is from migrate_database starts (on server1) to reload_server on server-2 Server-2 Potential Downtime = 64 + 24 = 88 seconds The more servers you have the longer the potential downtimes will become. Server-3 Potential Downtime = 24 + 64 + 64 = 152 seconds Server-4 Potential Downtime = 216 seconds
server-1 + 2: deploy_code 5 seconds server-1 + 2: install_requirements 20 seconds server-1 + 2: backup_database 15 seconds server-1: migrate_database 12 seconds server-1 + 2: collectstatic 10 seconds server-1 + 2: switch_release 1 second server-1 + 2: reload_server 1 second
Total time to deploy = 64 seconds
Server-1 Potential Downtime = 24 seconds Server-2 Potential Downtime = 24 seconds Server-X Potential Downtime = 24 seconds
Producer says 64 seconds is too long to have to wait to see those very important copy changes.
# Prepare deploy server-1 + 2: deploy_code 5 seconds server-1 + 2: install_requirements 20 seconds server-1 + 2: backup_database 15 seconds server-1 + 2: collectstatic 10 seconds # Activate deploy server-1: migrate_database 12 seconds server-1 + 2: switch_release 1 second server-1 + 2: reload_server 1 second
Total time to deploy = 64 seconds
Total time to activate deploy = 14 seconds
Server-1 Potential Downtime = 14 seconds Server-2 Potential Downtime = 14 seconds Server-X Potential Downtime = 14 seconds
Slides will be available online.


val resumePoint: ResumePoint?
The user’s most recent position in the episode. Set if the supplied access token is a user token and has the scope SpotifyScope.USER_READ_PLAYBACK_POSITION.
resumePoint
- The user’s most recent position in the episode. Set if the supplied access token is a user token and has the scope SpotifyScope.USER_READ_PLAYBACK_POSITION.


A photo representing student Ophelia Swen
A lovely German Shephard
Languages: HTML markup language, CSS stylesheet language
Content: Deploy first webpage, showcase understanding of styling text and creating a css document
Languages: HTML markup language, CSS stylesheet language
Content: Create website for a cupcake shop, apply CSS rules, and pick HTML elements to give them a class called flashy and best
Languages: HTML markup language, CSS stylesheet language
Content: Create website for favorite band. Practice floating images
Languages: HTML markup language, CSS stylesheet language
Content: Create a vacation site with list of vacation packages. Utilize grid system and use both bootstrap styles and own css stylesheet
Languages: HTML markup language, CSS stylesheet language
Content: Rebuild the Wikipedia homepage by using Bootstrap and implementing learned style lessons for divs, spans, classes, floats, etc.


BEGINNING-OF-PROGRAM DEFINE-NEW-INSTRUCTION turnright AS BEGIN turnleft; turnleft; turnleft END ; BEGINNING-OF-EXECUTION turnright; move; move; putbeeper; move; putbeeper; turnoff END-OF-EXECUTION END-OF-PROGRAM


To make this demo work, make a config.js with your clientId or mashapeKey and put it in the same directory. See config-sample.js for an example.


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This page demonstrates using React with no build tooling.
React is loaded as a script tag.
See the Pen Gravity Points by braveyo (@china-boy) on CodePen.


***Game 1 / 3 with teams DoNothingTeam RandomTeam BeaconCollectorTeam HeuristicMinerTeam ***
***Game 1 / 3 with teams HeuristicMinerTeam = Aggressive Heuristic Asteroid Collector DoNothingTeam = Do Nothing Client RandomTeam = Random Client BeaconCollectorTeam = Beacon Collector Team ***
Team: Aggressive Heuristic Asteroid Collector scored 7600.0
Team: Do Nothing Client scored 0.0
Team: Random Client scored 5000.0
Team: Beacon Collector Team scored 0.0
***Game 2 / 3 with teams DoNothingTeam RandomTeam BeaconCollectorTeam HeuristicMinerTeam ***
***Game 2 / 3 with teams BeaconCollectorTeam = Beacon Collector Team HeuristicMinerTeam = Aggressive Heuristic Asteroid Collector DoNothingTeam = Do Nothing Client RandomTeam = Random Client ***
Team: Beacon Collector Team scored 0.0
Team: Aggressive Heuristic Asteroid Collector scored 11400.0
Team: Do Nothing Client scored 0.0
Team: Random Client scored 1400.0
***Game 3 / 3 with teams DoNothingTeam RandomTeam BeaconCollectorTeam HeuristicMinerTeam ***
***Game 3 / 3 with teams DoNothingTeam = Do Nothing Client HeuristicMinerTeam = Aggressive Heuristic Asteroid Collector RandomTeam = Random Client BeaconCollectorTeam = Beacon Collector Team ***
Team: Do Nothing Client scored 0.0
Team: Aggressive Heuristic Asteroid Collector scored 15800.0


Average points per game
Average field goals made
Average blocks per game
Freethrow percentage
Average player age
Average turnovers per game
Average personal fouls per game
Average steals per game
3 Pointers percentage
Number of teams in the NBA
NBA Titles per Team
Greates players


{% extends '_layout.html' %} {% block home_active %}active{% endblock %} {% block title %}Home{% endblock %} {% block content %}
Currently there are {{ molecules_count }} molecules in the database.
This site is a demo application for administration of chemical store. It allows basic operations, such as:
To try all features, log in with username slavek and password slavek
Remind that it is just a simple demo and we can add every feature you need. We think that our application can be very helpful in every lab that needs some central administration of chemical supplies. And because it is a web application, it can be accessed from every device - PC, tablet, phone. Also it doesn't matter what OS are you using - it will look like same on both Windows and Linux.
If you or your lab is interested in it, feel free to contact us at moldb@chemit.com


A typical C library contains a
struct and some
associated
functions to act on that struct. So far,
you've seen how C++ takes functions that
are conceptually associated and makes them literally associated by
putting the function declarations inside
the scope of the struct, changing the way functions are called for the
struct, eliminating the passing of the structure address as the first
argument, and adding a new type name to the program (so you don’t have to
create a typedef for the struct tag).
These are all convenient – they
help you organize your code and make it easier to write and read. However, there
are other important issues when making libraries easier in C++, especially the
issues of safety and control. This chapter looks at the subject of boundaries in
structures.
In any relationship it’s important
to have boundaries that are respected by all parties involved. When you create a
library, you establish a relationship with the client
programmer who uses that
library to build an application or another library.
In a C
struct, as with most
things in C, there are no rules. Client programmers can do anything they want
with that struct, and there’s no way to force any particular
behaviors. For example, even though you saw in the last chapter the importance
of the functions named initialize( ) and cleanup( ), the
client programmer has the option not to call those functions. (We’ll look
at a better approach in the next chapter.) And even though you would really
prefer that the client programmer not directly manipulate some of the members of
your struct, in C there’s no way to prevent it.
There are two reasons for controlling
access
to
members. The first is to keep the client programmer’s hands off tools they
shouldn’t touch, tools that are necessary for the internal machinations of
the data type, but not part of the interface the client programmer needs to
solve their particular problems. This is actually a service to client
programmers because they can easily see what’s important to them and what
they can ignore.
The second reason for access control is
to allow the library designer to change the internal workings of the structure
without worrying about how it will affect the client programmer. In the
Stack example in the last chapter, you might want to allocate the storage
in big chunks, for speed, rather than creating new storage each time an element
is added. If the interface and implementation are clearly separated and
protected, you can accomplish this and require only a relink by the client
programmer.
C++ introduces three new keywords to set
the boundaries in a structure: public, private, and
protected. Their use and meaning are remarkably straightforward. These
access specifiers
are used
only in a structure declaration, and they change the boundary for all the
declarations that follow them. Whenever you use an access specifier, it must be
followed by a colon.
public
means all member declarations that follow are available
to everyone. public members are like struct members. For example,
the following struct declarations are identical:
//: C05:Public.cpp // Public is just like C's struct struct A { int i; char j; float f; void func(); }; void A::func() {} struct B { public: int i; char j; float f; void func(); }; void B::func() {} int main() { A a; B b; a.i = b.i = 1; a.j = b.j = 'c'; a.f = b.f = 3.14159; a.func(); b.func(); } ///:~
The
private keyword, on the
other hand, means that no one can access that member except you, the creator of
the type, inside function members of that type. private is a brick wall
between you and the client programmer; if someone tries to access a
private member, they’ll get a compile-time error. In struct
B in the example above, you may want to make portions of the representation
(that is, the data members) hidden, accessible only to you:
//: C05:Private.cpp // Setting the boundary struct B { private: char j; float f; public: int i; void func(); }; void B::func() { i = 0; j = '0'; f = 0.0; }; int main() { B b; b.i = 1; // OK, public //! b.j = '1'; // Illegal, private //! b.f = 1.0; // Illegal, private } ///:~
Although func( ) can access
any member of B (because func( ) is a member of B,
thus automatically granting it permission), an ordinary global function like
main( ) cannot. Of course, neither can member functions of other
structures. Only the functions that are clearly stated in the structure
declaration (the “contract”) can have access to private
members.
There is no required order for access
specifiers,
and they may appear more than once. They affect all the members declared after
them and before the next access
specifier.
The last access specifier is
protected.
protected acts just like private, with one exception that we
can’t really talk about right now: “Inherited” structures
(which cannot access private members) are granted access to
protected members. This will become clearer in Chapter 14 when
inheritance is introduced. For current purposes, consider protected to
be just like
private.
What if you want to explicitly grant
access to a function that isn’t a member of the current structure? This is
accomplished by declaring that function a friend
inside the structure declaration. It’s
important that the friend declaration occurs inside the structure
declaration because you (and the compiler) must be able to read the structure
declaration and see every rule about the size and behavior of that data type.
And a very important rule in any relationship is, “Who can access my
private implementation?”
The class controls which code has access
to its members. There’s no magic way to “break in” from the
outside if you aren’t a friend; you can’t declare a new class
and say, “Hi, I’m a friend of Bob!” and expect to see
the private and protected members of Bob.
You can declare a global function as a
friend,
and you can also declare a member function of another
structure,
or even an entire structure, as a friend. Here’s an example
:
//: C05:Friend.cpp // Friend allows special access // Declaration (incomplete type specification): struct X; struct Y { void f(X*); }; struct X { // Definition private: int i; public: void initialize(); friend void g(X*, int); // Global friend friend void Y::f(X*); // Struct member friend friend struct Z; // Entire struct is a friend friend void h(); }; void X::initialize() { i = 0; } void g(X* x, int i) { x->i = i; } void Y::f(X* x) { x->i = 47; } struct Z { private: int j; public: void initialize(); void g(X* x); }; void Z::initialize() { j = 99; } void Z::g(X* x) { x->i += j; } void h() { X x; x.i = 100; // Direct data manipulation } int main() { X x; Z z; z.g(&x); } ///:~
struct Y has a member function
f( ) that will modify an object of type X. This is a bit of a
conundrum because the C++ compiler requires you to declare everything before you
can refer to it, so struct Y must be declared before its member
Y::f(X*) can be declared as a friend in struct X. But for
Y::f(X*) to be declared, struct X must be declared
first!
Here’s the solution. Notice that
Y::f(X*) takes the address of an X
object. This is critical because
the compiler always knows how to pass an address, which is of a fixed size
regardless of the object being passed, even if it doesn’t have full
information about the size of the type. If you try to pass the whole object,
however, the compiler must see the entire structure definition of X, to
know the size and how to pass it, before it allows you to declare a function
such as Y::g(X).
By passing the address of an X,
the compiler allows you to make an incomplete type specification
of
X prior to declaring Y::f(X*). This is accomplished in the
declaration:
struct X;
This declaration simply tells the
compiler there’s a struct by that name, so it’s OK to refer
to it as long as you don’t require any more knowledge than the
name.
Now, in struct X, the function
Y::f(X*) can be declared as a friend with no problem. If you tried
to declare it before the compiler had seen the full specification for Y,
it would have given you an error. This is a safety feature to ensure consistency
and eliminate bugs.
Notice the two other friend
functions. The first declares an ordinary global function g( ) as a
friend. But g( ) has not been previously declared at the
global scope! It turns out that friend can be used this way to
simultaneously declare the function and give it friend status.
This extends to entire structures:
friend struct Z;
Making a structure nested doesn’t
automatically give it access to private members. To accomplish this, you
must follow a particular form: first, declare (without defining) the nested
structure, then declare it as a friend, and finally define the structure.
The structure definition must be separate from the friend declaration,
otherwise it would be seen by the compiler as a non-member. Here’s an
example:
//: C05:NestFriend.cpp // Nested friends #include <iostream> #include <cstring> // memset() using namespace std; const int sz = 20; struct Holder { private: int a[sz]; public: void initialize(); struct Pointer; friend Pointer; struct Pointer { private: Holder* h; int* p; public: void initialize(Holder* h); // Move around in the array: void next(); void previous(); void top(); void end(); // Access values: int read(); void set(int i); }; }; void Holder::initialize() { memset(a, 0, sz * sizeof(int)); } void Holder::Pointer::initialize(Holder* rv) { h = rv; p = rv->a; } void Holder::Pointer::next() { if(p < &(h->a[sz - 1])) p++; } void Holder::Pointer::previous() { if(p > &(h->a[0])) p--; } void Holder::Pointer::top() { p = &(h->a[0]); } void Holder::Pointer::end() { p = &(h->a[sz - 1]); } int Holder::Pointer::read() { return *p; } void Holder::Pointer::set(int i) { *p = i; } int main() { Holder h; Holder::Pointer hp, hp2; int i; h.initialize(); hp.initialize(&h); hp2.initialize(&h); for(i = 0; i < sz; i++) { hp.set(i); hp.next(); } hp.top(); hp2.end(); for(i = 0; i < sz; i++) { cout << "hp = " << hp.read() << ", hp2 = " << hp2.read() << endl; hp.next(); hp2.previous(); } } ///:~
Once Pointer is declared, it is
granted access to the private members of Holder by
saying:
friend Pointer;
The struct Holder contains an
array of ints and the Pointer allows you to access them. Because
Pointer is strongly associated with Holder, it’s sensible to
make it a member structure of Holder. But because Pointer is a
separate class from Holder, you can make more than one of them in
main( ) and use them to select different parts of the array.
Pointer is a structure instead of a raw C pointer, so you can guarantee
that it will always safely point inside the Holder.
The Standard C library function
memset( ) (in
<cstring>) is used
for convenience in the program above. It sets all memory starting at a
particular address (the first argument) to a particular value (the second
argument) for n bytes past the starting address (n is the third
argument). Of course, you could have simply used a loop to iterate through all
the memory, but memset( ) is available, well-tested (so it’s
less likely you’ll introduce an error), and probably more efficient than
if you coded it by
hand.
The class definition gives you an audit
trail, so you can see from looking at the class which functions have permission
to modify the private parts of the class. If a function is a friend, it
means that it isn’t a member, but you want to give permission to modify
private data anyway, and it must be listed in the class definition so everyone
can see that it’s one of the privileged functions.
C++
is a hybrid object-oriented language, not a pure one, and friend was
added to get around practical problems that crop up. It’s fine to point
out that this makes the language less “pure,” because C++ is
designed to be pragmatic, not to aspire to an abstract
ideal.
Chapter 4 stated that a struct
written for a C compiler and later compiled with C++ would be unchanged. This
referred primarily to the object layout of the struct, that is, where the
storage for the individual variables is positioned in the memory allocated for
the object. If the C++ compiler changed the layout
of C
structs, then any C code you wrote that inadvisably took advantage of
knowledge of the positions of variables in the struct would
break.
When you start using access specifiers,
however, you’ve moved completely into the C++ realm, and things change a
bit. Within a particular “access block” (a
group of declarations delimited by access specifiers), the variables are
guaranteed to be laid out contiguously, as in C. However, the access blocks may
not appear in the object in the order that you declare them. Although the
compiler will usually lay the blocks out exactly as you see them, there
is no rule about it, because a particular machine architecture and/or operating
environment may have explicit support for
private and
protected that might
require those blocks to be placed in special memory locations. The language
specification doesn’t want to restrict this kind of
advantage.
Access specifiers are part of the
structure and don’t affect the objects created from the structure. All of
the access specification information disappears before the program is run;
generally this happens during compilation. In a running program, objects become
“regions of storage” and nothing more. If you really want to, you
can break all the rules and access the memory directly, as you can in C. C++ is
not designed to prevent you from doing unwise things. It just provides you with
a much easier, highly desirable alternative.
In general, it’s not a good idea to
depend on anything that’s implementation-specific when you’re
writing a program. When you must have implementation-specific dependencies,
encapsulate them inside a structure so that any porting changes are focused in
one
place.
Access control is often referred to as
implementation hiding.
Including functions within structures (often referred to as
encapsulation[36])
produces a data type with characteristics and behaviors, but access control puts
boundaries within that data type, for two important reasons. The first is to
establish what the client programmers can and can’t use. You can build
your internal mechanisms into the structure without worrying that client
programmers will think that these mechanisms are part of the interface they
should be using.
This feeds directly into the second
reason, which is to separate the interface from the implementation.
If the
structure is used in a set of programs, but the client programmers can’t
do anything but send messages to the public interface, then you can
change anything that’s private without requiring modifications to
their code.
Encapsulation and access control, taken
together, invent something more than a C struct. We’re now in the
world of object-oriented programming, where a structure is describing a class of
objects as you would describe a class of fishes or a class of birds: Any object
belonging to this class will share these characteristics and behaviors.
That’s what the structure declaration has become, a description of the way
all objects of this type will look and act.
In the original OOP
language, Simula-67, the keyword
class was used to
describe a new data type. This apparently inspired Stroustrup to choose the same
keyword for C++, to emphasize that this was the focal point of the whole
language: the creation of new data types that are more than just C
structs with functions. This certainly seems like adequate justification
for a new keyword.
However, the use of class in C++
comes close to being an unnecessary keyword. It’s identical to the
struct keyword in absolutely every way except one: class defaults
to private, whereas struct defaults to public. Here are two
structures that produce the same result:
//: C05:Class.cpp // Similarity of struct and class struct A { private: int i, j, k; public: int f(); void g(); }; int A::f() { return i + j + k; } void A::g() { i = j = k = 0; } // Identical results are produced with: class B { int i, j, k; public: int f(); void g(); }; int B::f() { return i + j + k; } void B::g() { i = j = k = 0; } int main() { A a; B b; a.f(); a.g(); b.f(); b.g(); } ///:~
The class is the fundamental OOP
concept in C++. It is one of the keywords that will not be set in bold in
this book – it becomes annoying with a word repeated as often as
“class.” The shift to classes is so important that I suspect
Stroustrup’s preference would have been to throw struct out
altogether, but the need for backwards compatibility with C wouldn’t allow
that.
Many people prefer a style of creating
classes that is more struct-like than class-like, because you override
the “default-to-private” behavior of the class by starting
out with public elements:
class X { public: void interface_function(); private: void private_function(); int internal_representation; };
The logic behind this is that it makes
more sense for the reader to see the members of interest first, then they can
ignore anything that says private. Indeed, the only reasons all the other
members must be declared in the class at all are so the compiler knows how big
the objects are and can allocate them properly, and so it can guarantee
consistency.
The examples in this book, however, will
put the private members first, like this:
class X { void private_function(); int internal_representation; public: void interface_function(); };
Some people even go to the trouble of
decorating their own private names:
class Y { public: void f(); private: int mX; // "Self-decorated" name };
Because mX is already hidden in
the scope of Y, the m (for “member”) is unnecessary.
However, in projects with many global variables (something you should strive to
avoid, but which is sometimes inevitable in existing projects), it is helpful to
be able to distinguish inside a member function definition which data is global
and which is a
member.
It makes sense to take the examples from
Chapter 4 and modify them to use classes and access control. Notice how the
client programmer portion of the interface is now clearly distinguished, so
there’s no possibility of client programmers accidentally manipulating a
part of the class that they shouldn’t.
//: C05:Stash.h // Converted to use access control #ifndef STASH_H #define STASH_H class Stash { int size; // Size of each space int quantity; // Number of storage spaces int next; // Next empty space // Dynamically allocated array of bytes: unsigned char* storage; void inflate(int increase); public: void initialize(int size); void cleanup(); int add(void* element); void* fetch(int index); int count(); }; #endif // STASH_H ///:~
The inflate( ) function has
been made private because it is used only by the add( )
function and is thus part of the underlying implementation, not the interface.
This means that, sometime later, you can change the underlying implementation to
use a different system for memory management.
Other than the name of the include file,
the header above is the only thing that’s been changed for this example.
The implementation file and test file are the
same.
As a second example, here’s the
Stack turned into a class. Now the nested data structure is
private, which is nice because it ensures that the client programmer will
neither have to look at it nor be able to depend on the internal representation
of the Stack:
//: C05:Stack2.h // Nested structs via linked list #ifndef STACK2_H #define STACK2_H class Stack { struct Link { void* data; Link* next; void initialize(void* dat, Link* nxt); }* head; public: void initialize(); void push(void* dat); void* peek(); void* pop(); void cleanup(); }; #endif // STACK2_H ///:~
As before, the implementation
doesn’t change and so it is not repeated here. The test, too, is
identical. The only thing that’s been changed is the robustness of the
class interface. The real value of access control is to prevent you from
crossing boundaries during development. In fact, the
compiler is the only thing that knows about the protection level of class
members. There is no access control information mangled into the member name
that carries through to the linker. All the protection checking is done by the
compiler; it has vanished by
runtime.
Notice that the interface presented to
the client programmer is now truly that of a push-down
stack. It happens to be
implemented as a linked list,
but you can change that without affecting what the client programmer interacts
with, or (more importantly) a single line of client
code.
Access control in C++ allows you to
separate interface from implementation, but the implementation hiding
is only partial. The compiler
must still see the declarations for all parts of an object in order to create
and manipulate it properly. You could imagine a programming language that
requires only the public interface of an object and allows the private
implementation to be hidden, but C++ performs type checking statically (at
compile time) as much as possible. This means that you’ll learn as early
as possible if there’s an error. It also means that your program is more
efficient. However, including the private implementation has two effects: the
implementation is visible even if you can’t easily access it, and it can
cause needless
recompilation.
Some projects cannot afford to have their
implementation visible to the client programmer. It may show strategic
information in a library header file that the company doesn’t want
available to competitors. You may be working on a system where
security is an issue – an encryption algorithm,
for example – and you don’t want to expose any clues in a header
file that might help people to crack the code. Or you may be putting your
library in a “hostile” environment, where the
programmers will directly access the private components
anyway, using pointers and
casting. In all these situations, it’s valuable to
have the actual structure compiled inside an implementation file rather than
exposed in a header
file.
The project manager in your programming
environment will cause a recompilation of a file if that file is touched (that
is, modified) or if another file it’s dependent upon – that
is, an included header file – is touched. This means that any time you
make a change to a class, whether it’s to the public interface or to the
private member declarations, you’ll force a recompilation of anything that
includes that header file. This is often referred to as the
fragile
base-class problem. For a large project in its early stages this can be very
unwieldy because the underlying implementation may change often; if the project
is very big, the time for compiles can prohibit rapid
turnaround.
The technique to solve this is sometimes
called handle classes or the “Cheshire
cat”[37]
– everything about the implementation disappears except for a single
pointer, the “smile.” The pointer refers to a structure whose
definition is in the implementation file along with all the member function
definitions. Thus, as long as the interface is unchanged, the header file is
untouched. The implementation can change at will, and only the implementation
file needs to be recompiled and relinked with the project.
Here’s a simple example
demonstrating the technique. The header file contains only the public interface
and a single pointer of an incompletely specified class:
//: C05:Handle.h // Handle classes #ifndef HANDLE_H #define HANDLE_H class Handle { struct Cheshire; // Class declaration only Cheshire* smile; public: void initialize(); void cleanup(); int read(); void change(int); }; #endif // HANDLE_H ///:~
This is all the client programmer is able
to see. The line
struct Cheshire;
is an incomplete type
specification
or a
class declaration (A
class definition includes
the body of the class.) It tells the compiler that Cheshire is a
structure name, but it doesn’t give any details about the struct.
This is only enough information to create a pointer to the struct; you
can’t create an object until the structure body has been provided. In this
technique, that structure body is hidden away in the implementation
file:
//: C05:Handle.cpp {O} // Handle implementation #include "Handle.h" #include "../require.h" // Define Handle's implementation: struct Handle::Cheshire { int i; }; void Handle::initialize() { smile = new Cheshire; smile->i = 0; } void Handle::cleanup() { delete smile; } int Handle::read() { return smile->i; } void Handle::change(int x) { smile->i = x; } ///:~
struct Handle::Cheshire {
In Handle::initialize( ),
storage is allocated for a Cheshire structure, and in
Handle::cleanup( ) this storage is released. This storage is used in
lieu of all the data elements you’d normally put into the private
section of the class. When you compile Handle.cpp, this structure
definition is hidden away in the object file where no one can see it. If you
change the elements of Cheshire, the only file that must be recompiled is
Handle.cpp because the header file is untouched.
The use of Handle is like the use
of any class: include the header, create objects, and send
messages.
//: C05:UseHandle.cpp //{L} Handle // Use the Handle class #include "Handle.h" int main() { Handle u; u.initialize(); u.read(); u.change(1); u.cleanup(); } ///:~
The only thing the client programmer can
access is the public interface, so as long as the implementation is the only
thing that changes, the file above never needs recompilation. Thus, although
this isn’t perfect implementation hiding, it’s a big
improvement.
Access control in C++ gives valuable
control to the creator of a class. The users of the class can clearly see
exactly what they can use and what to ignore. More important, though, is the
ability to ensure that no client programmer becomes dependent on any part of the
underlying implementation of a class. If you know this as the creator of the
class, you can change the underlying implementation with the knowledge that no
client programmer will be affected by the changes because they can’t
access that part of the class.
When you have the ability to change the
underlying implementation, you can not only improve your design
at some later time, but you also have the freedom to
make mistakes. No matter how carefully you plan and
design, you’ll make mistakes. Knowing that it’s relatively safe to
make these mistakes means you’ll be more experimental, you’ll learn
faster, and you’ll finish your project sooner.
The public interface to a class is what
the client programmer does see, so that is the most important part of the
class to get “right” during analysis and design. But even that
allows you some leeway for change. If you don’t get the interface right
the first time, you can add more functions, as
long as you don’t remove any that client programmers have already used in
their
code.
Solutions to selected exercises
can be found in the electronic document The Thinking in C++ Annotated
Solution Guide, available for a small fee from
www.BruceEckel.com.
[36]
As noted before, sometimes access control is referred to as
encapsulation.
[37]
This name is attributed to John Carolan, one of the early pioneers in C++, and
of course, Lewis Carroll. This technique can also be seen as a form of the
“bridge” design pattern, described in Volume 2.


--- title: Categories permalink: "/cats/" layout: page ---
Read More
{{ post.excerpt | remove: '
' | remove: '


ERROR: An iframe should be displayed here but your browser version does not support iframes. Please update your browser to its most recent version and try again, or access the file


To include a single jar by name, just declare a 'Deployments' element with a 'jar' attribute pointing to the jar file on the file system.
<openejb>
...
<Deployments jar="c:\my\app\superEjbs.jar" />
<Deployments jar="c:\someplace\purchasing.jar" />
<Deployments jar="timeTrack.jar" />
</openejb>
The last element in the example uses a relative path to point to the ejb jar. This path will be resolved relative to the openejb.base property. So, for example, of the value of openejb.base was 'c:\timeapp\' then OpenEJB would look for the jar 'c:\timeapp\timeTrack.jar'. See the [OPENEJB:Configuration] guide for more details.
To point to a directory that contains several jar files that OpenEJB should load, simply declare a 'Deployments' element with a 'dir' attribute pointing to the directory containing the jar files.
<openejb>
...
<Deployments dir="c:\my\app\beans\" />
<Deployments dir="c:\crimestopper\lib" />
<Deployments dir="ejbs" />
<Deployments dir="beans" />
</openejb>
The directories listed will be searched for jars containing 'META-INF/ejb-jar.xml' files and will be added to the list of jars to load if they do. Better said, it's completely safe to point to a directory containing a mix of ejbs and regular jar files. OpenEJB will simply skip over jars that do contain the required 'META-INF/ejb-jar.xml' file.
The last Deployments element declares a 'beans' directory relative to openejb.base for holding ejb jars. This declaration is simply convention and not required.
As of 1.0 beta1, OpenEJB supports unpacked ejb jars. Simply meaning that you don't need to pack your ejb's into a jar file in order to use them in OpenEJB. You still need to follow the ejb jar layout and include an "META-INF/ejb-jar.xml" in the directory that contains your ejbs.
For example, if you have a directory structure like this:
> C:\myapp\
> C:\myapp\acmeEjbs\
> C:\myapp\acmeEjbs\META-INF\ejb-jar.xml
> C:\myapp\acmeEjbs\org\acme\Foo.class
> C:\myapp\acmeEjbs\org\acme\FooBean.class
> C:\myapp\acmeEjbs\org\acme\FooHome.class
> C:\myapp\acmeEjbs\org\acme\Bar.class
> C:\myapp\acmeEjbs\org\acme\BarBean.class
> C:\myapp\acmeEjbs\org\acme\BarHome.class
Then you would delcare a 'Deployments' element with the 'dir' attribute set to 'C:\myapp\acmeEjbs' as shown below.
<openejb>
...
<Deployments dir="c:\myapp\acmeEjbs" />
</openejb>
Note that this syntax is the same as the directory syntax above. If OpenEJB finds a META-INF directory with an 'ejb-jar.xml' fine inside, then OpenEJB will treat the directory as an unpacked ejb jar. Otherwise OpenEJB will look for ejb jar files to load as detailed in the above section.
When trying to figure out if your ejbs were loaded, the openejb.log file is an incredible asset.
If your ejbs were loaded successfully you should see entries like the following (1.x and higher only):
INFO : Loaded EJBs from
/usr/local/openejb-1.0-beta1/beans/openejb-itests-beans.jar
INFO : Loaded EJBs from
/usr/local/openejb-1.0-beta1/beans/openejb-webadmin-clienttools.jar
If your ejbs failed to load, you will see an entry similar to the following.
WARN : Jar not loaded. /usr/local/openejb-1.0-beta1/beans/helloworld.jar.
Jar failed validation. Use the validation tool for more details
Additionally, all the successfully loaded ejbs are individually listed in the log file at startup. The Deployment ID listed is the JNDI name used to lookup the ejb from a client of the Local or Remote Servers. The beans listed below are from our test suite.


{% extends "index.html" %} {% block content %}
This club is open and everyone is welcome! Sweetwaters staff and community members are creating a new Toastmasters club @ Sweetwaters. We will have some experienced Toastmasters members on hand too, to show the basic format of a Toastmaster's meeting. Attendees will have the chance to give input into the new club and create a great experience and build a new club culture!
Come a little early and pick-up a beverage or snack, if you would like from Sweetwaters. Have fun making new friendships with encouraging and supportive people! You can be part of the founders of the club!
There is success at Toastmasters! People try new things and everyone wins. It is an encouraging atmosphere of supportive people. When you join Toastmasters - you receive a Mentor and you may want to Mentor other people too. There is free street parking at the meters after 6 pm, and parking in the residential areas by First & Second street. If you are a Toastmaster and would like a meeting role, please feel free to contact me (Isabella), if you would just like to know more about this awesome event, or Toastmasters come enjoy and have fun!
We look forward to seeing you at this exciting event! Everyone is welcome!
Web, December 13, 2017
7:00 PM - 8:30 PM EST
Sweetwaters Coffee & Tea
123 West Washington Street
Ann Arbor, MI 48104


This demo loads an existing file into an empty WebWorksheet to demonstrate how GridWeb display various of charts.Try edit the cell value,then the related charts image will refresh automatically. User can also call method to refresh all the chart image during some event.Check here for another demo. Click Reload to reload initial data for the grid. You can also Save/Open the output in XLSFormat by clicking the Save Button on GridWeb Control Bar.
| Reload Data: |
|---|


Functions for multi phase systems
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| quasiRMS | Calculate continuous quasi RMS value of input |
| activePower | Calculate active power of voltage and current input |
| symmetricOrientation | Orientations of the resulting fundamental wave field phasors |
| symmetricOrientationMatrix | Matrix symmetric orientation angles for creating the symmetric transformation matrix |
| symmetricTransformationMatrix | Transformation matrix for symmetrical components |
| symmetricBackTransformationMatrix | Back transformation matrix for symmetrical components |
| numberOfSymmetricBaseSystems | Determines the number of symmetric base systems of m phase symmetric system |
| factorY2D | Calculates factor Y voltage to polygon (delta) voltage |
| factorY2DC | Calculates factor of DC-voltage from RMS Y-voltage |
| indexPositiveSequence | Determines the indices of the all positive sequences |
| indexNonPositiveSequence | Determines the indices of all non positive sequences |


Welcome to the HTML Portfolio Project
Pippo
strunz developer
Nothing to say
Still nothing to say
my skills
bla bla bla
suka
HTML
sukas
Contact me
like
this


Thank you for your interest in the Grizzlies Hokey Team. You will be contacted shortly with the provided information. We truly appreciate the chance to offer you our services, and we are confident that you will be pleased.


Tue Feb 14, 2006
I haven’t seen Brokeback Mountain yet but it seems even school administrators are “jumping on the bandwagon”, excuse the pun. I was wondering why one of my students was upset about some required reading for English class. That was before I saw the book:
I was so amused by it I searched around for alternative covers, but with little success:
This Cowboy looks like more of a stud, but his hand gesture suggests he is preparing to recite a monologue on the apparent emotional dangers of being a horse wrangler.
I know I shouldn’t judge a book by it’s cover, it’s probably a darn good read.


| Jump to DART Documentation Main Index |
Computes the weight with which an observation should impact a state variable that is separated by a given distance. The distance is in units determined by the location module being used.
This namelist is read from the file input.nml. Namelists start with an ampersand '&' and terminate with a slash '/'. Character strings that contain a '/' must be enclosed in quotes to prevent them from prematurely terminating the namelist.
&cov_cutoff_nml select_localization = 1 /
| Item | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| select_localization | integer | Selects the localization function.
|
types_mod utilities_mod location_mod
| use cov_factor_mod, only : | comp_cov_factor |
A note about documentation style. Optional arguments are enclosed in brackets [like this].
real(r8) :: comp_cov_factor real(r8), intent(in) :: z_in real(r8), intent(in) :: c type(location_type), optional, intent(in) :: obs_loc integer, optional, intent(in) :: obs_type type(location_type), optional, intent(in) :: target_loc integer, optional, intent(in) :: target_kind integer, optional, intent(in) :: localization_override
Returns a weighting factor for observation and a target variable (state or observation) separated by distance z_in and with a half-width distance, c. Three options are provided and controlled by a namelist parameter. The optional argument localization_override controls the type of localization function if present. The optional arguments obs_loc, obs_type and target_loc, target_kind are not used in the default code. They are made available for users who may want to design more sophisticated localization functions.
| var | Weighting factor. |
| z_in | The distance between observation and target. |
| c | Factor that describes localization function. Describes half-width of functions used here. |
| obs_loc | Location of the observation. |
| obs_type | Observation specific type. |
| target_loc | Location of target. |
| target_kind | Generic kind of target. |
| localization_override | Controls localization type if present. Same values as for namelist control. |
| filename | purpose |
|---|---|
| input.nml | to read cov_cutoff_nml |
| Routine | Message | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| comp_cov_factor | Illegal value of "select_localization" in cov_cutoff_mod namelist | Only values 1 through 3 select a localization function. |
none at this time
none at this time
N/A
DART software - Copyright UCAR. This open source software is provided by UCAR, "as is", without charge, subject to all terms of use at http://www.image.ucar.edu/DAReS/DART/DART_download


GitHub will resurrect its Android app, iOS version already in beta
by Corbin DavenportGitHub is perhaps the largest code hosting service in existence right now, but its mobile presence has been... lacking. The company did release an Android app back in 2012, but it was removed from the Play Store in 2015. GitHub announced a brand new app today, but without a clear launch date for Android.
The new mobile app, which is already in beta for iOS, is focused on providing features a developer might want on the go. That probably means no code editing, but you will be able to share feedback on discussions, merge code changes, view files, go through notifications, and so on.
GitHub didn't elaborate on when the Android version would be available, only that it will come soon. Good things come to those who wait, right?
|
|
The app was not found in the store. :-( Go to store Google websearch |
Source:
TechCrunch


APExtensions
A helpful collection of extensions, controllers and protocols
Example
To run the example project, clone the repo, and run pod install
from the Example directory first.
Installation
Carthage
Please check official guide
Cartfile for unified framework:
github "APUtils/APExtensions" ~> 10.0
You should later add both APExtensions
and RoutableLogger
frameworks to your project.
CocoaPods
APExtensions is available through CocoaPods. To install it, simply add the following line to your Podfile:
pod 'APExtensions', '~> 10.0'
Available subspecs: Core
, Storyboard
, ViewConfiguration
. Example Podfile for subspec:
pod 'APExtensions/Core', '~> 10.0'
pod 'APExtensions/Storyboard', '~> 10.0'
pod 'APExtensions/ViewConfiguration', '~> 10.0'
Usage
See documentation for more details.
Core
Global Utils and Debug methods, Controllers, Protocols and whole lot of default classes extensions. Read more in DOCS.
ViewConfiguration
Adds State
enum and .configure(_:)
method to views so it’s easy and robust to configure them.
// Creating UIImageView.State and store it in view model
let imageViewState: UIImageView.State = .shown(image: UIImage(named: "ic_done_resizeable"))
viewModel.imageViewState = imageViewState
// Configure UIImageView with view model
imageView.configure(viewModel.imageViewState)
ViewState
Moved to https://github.com/APUtils/ViewState
Storyboard
Extends default attributes that can be configured using storyboard.
NSLayoutConstraint:
fitScreenSize
to adjust constraint constant according to screen size. *onePixelSize
to make constraint 1 pixel size
UIButton:
fitScreenSize
to adjust font size according to screen size. *lines
to change title label max lines count
UIImageView:
fitScreenSize
to adjust image size according to screen size. *localizableImageName
to use localize specific image. You name your images likeimage_en
,image_ru
,image_fr
putimage
inlocalizableImageName
field and assure you localized_en
to be_fr
for French localization,_ru
for Russian and so on.
UILabel:
fitScreenSize
to adjust font size according to screen size. *
UIScrollView:
avoidTopBars
to set contentInset.top to 64avoidTabBar
to set contentInset.bottom to 49
UITextView:
fitScreenSize
to adjust font size according to screen size. *
UIView:
borderColor
to set border colorborderWidth
to set border widthborderOnePixelWidth
to make border 1 pixel widthcornerRadius
to set corners radiusshadowColor
to set shadow colorshadowOffset
to set shadow offsetshadowOpacity
to set shadow opacityshadowRadius
to set shadow radiusshadowApplyPath
to apply view bounds rect as shadow pass. Greatly improves performance for opaque views.
UIViewController:
hideKeyboardOnTouch
to hide keyboard on touch outside it
Remark
Assuming layout was made for highest screen size (iPhone 6+, 6s+, 7+) so subject will be reduced propotionally on lower resolution screens.
Contributions
Any contribution is more than welcome! You can contribute through pull requests and issues on GitHub.
Author
Anton Plebanovich<EMAIL_ADDRESS>License
APExtensions is available under the MIT license. See the LICENSE file for more info.


Please tell us what this image is depicting, using one or two words.
Please tell us what the highlighted text says.
We have many people transcribe the same text in order to verify the accuracy of our transcriptions. If one of the terms below is the correct one, choose that instead of typing it in.
Please choose one of the following transcriptions as the most correct one. If none are exactly right, you can edit the most accurate one, and choose that.
Use these controls to find what you're looking for. As the corpus gets bigger, this functionality will improve.


{# Copyright 2020 Google LLC Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. #} {%- extends BASE_HTML -%} {% set main_id = 'bio_browser_landing' %} {% set page_id = 'page-bio_browser_landing' %} {% set title = 'Biomedical Graph Browser' %} {% set subpage_title = 'Biomedical Graph Browser' %} {% set subpage_url = url_for('browser.bio_browser_main') %} {% block head %} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
The Biomedical Data Commons Graph is constructed by synthesizing a single database from many different data sources. This graph browser can be used both to explore what data is available and to understand the graph structure.
You can use the search box above or start looking around from some well known starting points:
{# TODO: Use a config to drive these lists #}


Capman Scoreboard
Current Players
Highscore
Player 1...........
24345
top 10 players
Highscore
Player 1...........
24345
NEW WINNER!


PEDAGOGY TUTION
Home
About
Contact
@if (Route::has('login'))
@auth
Teacher Dashboard
Student Dashboard
@else
Log in
@if (Route::has('register'))
Register
@endif @endauth
@endif
Welcome to Pedagogy Tution
Do Come And Visit
"Education is the key of bright future"
Learn more
Signup here


grapp-core-ajax web component
A Polymer core-ajax web component with some customizations
Click here to run the tests...
Click here to read the documentation...
Click here to read the changelog...
Demo
Without error: [[response1.message]]
With auth error: [[response2.error]]


|
QuantLib: a free/open-source library for quantitative finance
Fully annotated sources - version 1.30
|
Faure low-discrepancy sequence generator. More...
#include <ql/math/randomnumbers/faurersg.hpp>
Public Types | |
| typedef Sample< std::vector< Real > > | sample_type |
Public Member Functions | |
| FaureRsg (Size dimensionality) | |
| const std::vector< long int > & | nextIntSequence () const |
| const std::vector< long int > & | lastIntSequence () const |
| const sample_type & | nextSequence () const |
| const sample_type & | lastSequence () const |
| Size | dimension () const |
Private Member Functions | |
| void | generateNextIntSequence () const |
Private Attributes | |
| Size | dimensionality_ |
| sample_type | sequence_ |
| std::vector< long int > | integerSequence_ |
| std::vector< long int > | bary_ |
| std::vector< std::vector< long int > > | gray_ |
| Size | base_ |
| Size | mbit_ |
| std::vector< std::vector< long int > > | powBase_ |
| std::vector< long int > | addOne_ |
| std::vector< std::vector< std::vector< long int > > > | pascal3D |
| double | normalizationFactor_ |
Faure low-discrepancy sequence generator.
It is based on existing Fortran and C algorithms to calculate pascal matrix and gray transforms.
Algorithms 659, 647. http://www.netlib.org/toms/647, http://www.netlib.org/toms/659
Definition at line 46 of file faurersg.hpp.
| typedef Sample<std::vector<Real> > sample_type |
Definition at line 48 of file faurersg.hpp.
| const std::vector< long int > & nextIntSequence | ( | ) | const |
| const std::vector< long int > & lastIntSequence | ( | ) | const |
Definition at line 54 of file faurersg.hpp.
| const sample_type & nextSequence | ( | ) | const |
| const sample_type & lastSequence | ( | ) | const |
Definition at line 63 of file faurersg.hpp.
| Size dimension | ( | ) | const |
Definition at line 64 of file faurersg.hpp.
|
private |
|
private |
Definition at line 67 of file faurersg.hpp.
|
mutableprivate |
Definition at line 69 of file faurersg.hpp.
|
mutableprivate |
Definition at line 70 of file faurersg.hpp.
|
mutableprivate |
Definition at line 71 of file faurersg.hpp.
|
mutableprivate |
Definition at line 72 of file faurersg.hpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 73 of file faurersg.hpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 73 of file faurersg.hpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 74 of file faurersg.hpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 75 of file faurersg.hpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 76 of file faurersg.hpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 77 of file faurersg.hpp.


My name is Miljana, a future programmer. I am currently studying Web programming at ICT College in Belgrade. I am eager to learn new programming languages and become a full-stack developer.
Education is important for every profession, including developers. I started my education in Rogatica where I finished high school. I am currently studying Web programming at ICT College in Belgrade.


{% import "macros/head.html" as head -%} {% import "macros/logo.html" as logo -%} {% import "macros/header.html" as header -%} {% import "macros/extended_header.html" as extended_header -%} {% import "macros/lists.html" as lists -%} {% import "macros/posts.html" as posts -%} {% import "macros/social.html" as social -%} {% import "macros/utils.html" as utils -%} {% import "macros/menu.html" as menu -%} {% import "macros/pagination.html" as pagination -%} {% import "macros/footer.html" as footer -%} {% import "macros/extended_footer.html" as extended_footer -%} {% import "macros/comments.html" as comments -%}
{%- block title -%}


All
Branding
Web
Photography
App
Explore beyond horizon
Magna mundi referrentur quo, no rebum dignissim qui.
Per quodsi accusata id, agam labores.
View our work
All
Branding
Web
Photography
App


Feed'Ol is a non-profit organisation working on a mission to eradicate hunger and food-wastage. We work towards getting surplus meals from restaurants and corporate cafeterias and serve it to the underserved. We redistribute nutritious meals to charitable organisations who don’t have adequate or regular access to food.