Press office
Press office 0300 303 3342
Out of hours 07798 924 552
For enquiries from journalists only. The press office phone is open weekdays from 9am to 5pm.
Press release
Ofqual is consulting on proposals to change how GCSE science practicals are assessed.
We want to improve GCSE science (biology, chemistry, physics and combined science) qualifications to ensure better educational, science and particularly practical science experience for students than at present.
Science practicals are an essential part of GCSE science education and we want them to enhance scientific enquiry skills by being both memorable and engaging, not just rehearsed and repeated.
A change in approach is needed. Evidence shows that the current continuous assessments (CAs), which comprise 25% of a student’s final grade, exceed the average marks awarded to pupils in the externally assessed written exams.
Ofqual believes that the problem is that science practicals, which form the largest proportion of internal assessments, are highly predictable. They focus on a narrow range of tests which then result in high grades and less differentiation in the marks awarded between students of different ability than would be expected. Head teachers of leading independent schools have even branded them “time consuming, prescriptive and repetitive”. However, Ofqual believes that broadening the scope of these current science practicals, in a manageable and deliverable way, is next to impossible given the numbers taking the exams.
We therefore propose to assess students’ knowledge of science practicals and experimentation, rather than just their undertaking of science practicals. Research evidence reviewed by Ofqual suggests that experimentation can be assessed by well-designed, written exam questions. This would remove the need for laboratory observations.
“We have thought very carefully about protecting the curriculum,” said Glenys Stacey, Chief Regulator at Ofqual.
We want to ensure that students get a rounded experience of science. Science practicals are an essential part of that curriculum. However, as we all know, not all that is valuable in a curriculum is best assessed in an exam.
Janet Holloway, Ofqual’s Head of Reform, added:
Scientists have repeatedly told Ofqual that what is valuable about science practicals is the opportunity they give to students to practise their bench skills, to help test theoretical concepts and, crucially, to allow them to learn by failing. That isn’t best being undertaken in the current arrangments.
We believe that basing at least 15% of the new science exams on questions that directly solicit students’ first-hand knowledge of practical experiments is a better alternative. That is roughly equivalent to the amount science practicals account for in the current set up.
Moreover, under Ofqual’s proposals, exam boards will require that a minimum number of practical lessons will take place each year, that a log is kept by the school of those experiments and that the head teacher should produce them at the request of an external examiner.
Ofqual is embarking on a consultation with the aim of introducing a reformed exam in 2018. We are asking views on which is the best approach in addition to exam questions drawing on students’ science experience between direct assessment and marking contributing to the grade; assessing on a pass or fail basis or confirmation that students were able to undertake the required experiments.
“There is no one perfect solution,” said Ms Stacey.
And we are aware of the strong views of many in the profession to our proposed changes, which is why we are inviting them to contribute to our consultation.
But given that more than half a million students take the exams, their age and the impracticability of testing only the most limited of practical skills in a controlled environment, we think our initial proposals are the best way forward.
She added:
Ofqual remains open to the views of others. Whatever the final proposal looks like, it has to liberate teachers to teach the full science curriculum and underline the importance of practicals without forcing either into an unsuitable exam straitjacket. The current situation is simply insupportable.
Read the consultation: Assessing practical work in GCSE science
Press office 0300 303 3342
Out of hours 07798 924 552
For enquiries from journalists only. The press office phone is open weekdays from 9am to 5pm.


TEMA
Tumor Evolution Manager and AnalyzerPlease, use the buttons below to select and upload your .graphml
files.
1 you can upload your files manually at the address /server_side/session/{{m.session_id}}/
If you leave this page the upload will be interrupted.


Official: Jose Mourinho takes over at Tottenham
The Portuguese is back in the Premier League with the North London Whites
by Sport ENTottenham have appointed Jose Mourinho as coach after sacking Mauricio Pochettino.
The former Chelsea and Manchester United manager has penned a 3.5 year deal at the helm of Spurs.
Tottenham chairman Daniel Levy said: "In Jose we have one of the most successful managers in football."
”He has a wealth of experience, can inspire teams and is a great tactician. He has won honours at every club he has coached. We believe he will bring energy and belief to the dressing room."
Mourinho was sacked by Manchester United in December 2018 and has been out of work since then.


V1.3.0 Release Notes
Release notes for version 1.3.0 of the CDR Standards.
High Level Standards
| Change | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|
| Updated Principles | Amendment to high level principles to include principles for CX and for cross-sector extension | Principles |
| Maintenance Link | A link to the standards maintenance GitHub repository has been added to the table of contents | General |
| x-fapi-auth-date Clarification | Clarification that the FAPI Read profile defines the format for the x-fapi-auth-date header |
HTTP Headers |
API End Points
| Change | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|
| x-cds-client-headers correction | The x-cds-client-headers header was missing from the Get Transactions For Account end point. This has been rectified |
Get Transactions For Account |
| x-fapi-interaction-id correction | The x-fapi-interaction-id header was missing from the Get Customer end point. This has been rectified |
Get Customer |
| Product API v3 | Introduction of v3 of the Product Reference end points to remove sub tiers, addition of more info and info URL fields, and addition of repayment type and loan purpose fields | Get Products |
| APCA Field Description | Clarified the description of the APCA field for the apcaNumber field | BankingTransaction |
| MAX_LIMIT, MIN_LIMIT Descriptions | Clarification of descriptions for MAX_LIMIT and MIN_LIMIT enumeration values | Product & Account Components |
Information Security Profile
| Change | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|
| ID Token Encryption | Clarification of the non-normative examples for the OpenID Provider Configuration End Point regarding ID Token encryption algorithms | InfoSec End Points |
| Request Object Sample | Clarifications of non-normative example for the Request Object | Request Object |
| Client Authentication Sample | Addition of non-normative samples for the client authentication section | Client Authentication |
| Concurrent Consent | Addition of changes arising from the concurrent consent consultation. This resulted in a number of changes to the Information Security profile | General |
| MTLS RFC | The reference to the MTLS normative reference has been updated from the draft to the final standard | Normative References |
Consumer Experience
| Change | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|
| Optional example for ‘Transaction Details’ amended | CX Standards defect. An optional example for ‘Transaction Details’ incorrectly referred to ‘BSB, account number’. This optional example has been removed. | CX Standards p.14 |
| Use of ‘One Time Password’ | CX Standards clarification. Amended to clarify that the use of the term “One Time Password” may be presented alongside an existing term used by a data holder (e.g. Netcode, one time pin etc.). | CX Standards p.16 |
| Unavailable accounts in the authorisation flow | CX Standards clarification. This clarification has been added to the standard as follows: Data holders are not permitted to show unavailable joint accounts as joint accounts need to be elected via a joint account management service before they are permitted to appear in the authorisation flow (See CDR Rules: Schedule 3, 4.1(1); 4.2; 4.3(3); and CDR Rule 4.24) |
CX Standards p.16 |
| Profile selection step | CX Standards, optional addition. To avoid DH non-compliance this guideline has been added as an optional part of an existing CX standard on account selection as follows: Data holders MAY add a ‘profile selection’ step or equivalent prior to the account selection step if a single identifier provides access to different customer accounts. For example, one customer ID may give access to business customer and individual customer accounts. The ‘profile selection’ step SHOULD only be considered if it is an existing customer experience, and SHOULD be as minimal as possible to avoid introducing unwarranted friction (having regard to CDR Rule 4.24). This item was previously a guideline but was uplifted to be an optional part of the standards as it is not permitted in the authorisation flow unless it is a rule or standard. |
CX Standards p.16 |
| CX Principles | The CX Guidelines and CX Standards artefacts now include the CX Principles and Outcome Principle 3. These principles guide standard/guideline development but are not standards themselves. |
General |
| ABS hyperlink corrected | Broken link replaced | CX Guidelines p.24 |
| Concurrent consent | CX Guideline amended to avoid implying that concurrent consent will support re-authorisation. Guideline amended to clarify that consumer withdrawal must occur before/in the course of replacing an existing consent. |
CX Guidelines p.65 (Added to key decisions table p.3) |
| CDR Logo in authorisation flow | CX Guideline has been removed pending the ACCC making this functionality available. | CX Guidelines p.79 |
| Accreditation ID in authorisation flow | CX Guideline has been removed pending the ACCC making this functionality available. ACCC is consulting on the sharing of the accreditation ID with DHs on GitHub | CX Guidelines p.79 |
| Historical data | Screen example changed to ‘may date back to 1st January 2017’ as DH won’t know this detail. | CX Guidelines p.83 |
| User-defined tags | ADR guideline refers to ‘absence of information about the purpose or use case’. This has been removed as this only relates to DHs | CX Guidelines p.93, 95 |
| Status of consent/sharing | Guideline changed to clarify nuance of ‘status’ referring to both consent or data sharing | CX Guidelines p.95, 108 |


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block content %}
What you were looking for cannot be found.
Let's go home.


Carimin Petroleum may rise higher, says RHB Retail Research
by theedgemarkets.comKUALA LUMPUR (Nov 8): RHB Retail Research said Carimin Petroleum Bhd may rise higher after forming a white candle and hitting its new 52-week high.
In a trading stocks note today, the research house said this upward momentum is likely to continue given this is the second consecutive white candle.
“A positive bias may emerge above the RM1.33 level, with an exit set below the RM1.19 threshold.
“Towards the upside, the immediate resistance is at the RM1.50 mark. This is followed by the RM1.60 level,” it said.


| Results as JSON: | results.json | results.json.gz |
| Metadata as JSON: | metadata.json | metadata.json.gz |
| Results (no structures) as CSV: | results.csv | results.csv.gz |
| Results (no structures) as TSV: | results.tab | results.tab.gz |
| Results as SDF: | results.sdf | results.sdf.gz |


@@include('../partials/head/head.html', { "title": "button", "path": "../.." })
button
active
Link
@@include('../partials/head/js.html', { "path": "../.." })


| 035:018 Khan | : |
And no bearer of burdens shall bear another's burden, and if one heavily laden calls another to (bear) his load, nothing of it will be lifted even though he be near of kin.  And he who purifies himself (from all kinds of sins), then he purifies only for the benefit of his ownself. And to Allah is the (final) Return (of all). |
| 035:018 Maulana | : |
And no burdened soul can bear another's burden. And if one weighed down by a burden calls another to carry his load, naught of it will be carried, even though he be near of kin. Thou warnest only those who fear their Lord in secret and keep up prayer. And whoever purifies himself, purifies himself only for his own good. And to Allah is the eventual coming. |
| 035:018 Pickthal | : |
And no burdened soul can bear another's burden, and if one heavy laden crieth for (help with) his load, naught of it will be lifted even though he (unto whom he crieth) be of kin. Thou warnest only those who fear their Lord in secret, and have established worship. He who groweth (in goodness), groweth only for himself, (he cannot by his merit redeem others). Unto Allah is the journeying. |
| 035:018 Rashad | : |
No soul can carry the sins of another soul. If a soul that is loaded with sins implores another to bear part of its load, no other soul can carry any part of it, even if they were related. The only people to heed your warnings are those who reverence their Lord, even when alone in their privacy, and observe the Contact Prayers (Salat). Whoever purifies his soul, does so for his own good. To GOD is the final destiny. |
| 035:018 Sarwar | : |
No one will bear the burden of another. Even if an overburdened soul should ask another to bear a part of his burden, no one, not even a relative, will do so. (Muhammad), you can only warn those who have fear of their Lord without seeing Him and who are steadfast in prayer. Whoever purifies himself, does so for his own good. To God do all things return. |
| 035:018 Shakir | : |
And a burdened soul cannot bear the burden of another and if one weighed down by burden should cry for (another to carry) its burden, not aught of it shall be carried, even though he be near of kin. You warn only those who fear their Lord in secret and keep up prayer; and whoever purifies himself, he purifies himself only for (the good of) his own soul; and to Allah is the eventual coming. |
| 035:018 Sherali | : |
And no burdened soul can bear the burden of another; and if a heavily laden soul call another to bear its load, naught of it shall be carried by the other, even though he be a kinsman. Thou canst warn only those who fear their Lord in secret and observe Prayer, And whoso purifies himself, purifies himself only to his own good; and to ALLAH shall be the return. |
| 035:018 Yusufali | : |
Nor can a bearer of burdens bear another's burdens if one heavily laden should call another to (bear) his load. Not the least portion of it can be carried (by the other). Even though he be nearly related. Thou canst but admonish such as fear their Lord unseen and establish regular Prayer. And whoever purifies himself does so for the benefit of his own soul; and the destination (of all) is to Allah. |
Concepts/Themes Covered: أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > توحيد الله تعالي > خشية الله تعالى وتقواه Pillars of Islam> Islamic> Oneness of Allah> Devoutness and Fear of Allah أركان الإسلام > الصلاة > أداء الصلاة > الحض عليها Pillars of Islam> The Prayers>Performing the Prayers> The Incitement to Pray الإيمان > الغيب > الإيمان بالغيب Faith> The Unseen World> The Belief in the Unseen World الإيمان > الله جلّ جلاله > خشيته جلّ وعلا Faith> Allah, Glory to his Majesty> To Fear Allah الإيمان > اليوم الآخر > الجزاء بالعمل Faith> The Hereafter> The Award against Action الإيمان > اليوم الآخر > الحشر Faith> The Hereafter> The Day of Resurrection العلاقات القضائية > تنظيمات قضائية > الحكم بالعدل Judicial Relationships>Juridical Regulations>To Rule in Just
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


Rearrange the tiles to reveal a Mark Twain quotation, reading from left to right, top to bottom. You can rearrange the tiles by sliding them vertically, but not horizontally.
There are empty cells at the top of the gameboard. You can use them to temporarily hold tiles while you rearrange other tiles on the game board.
Any empty cell that is not darkened can hold a tile. Darkened cells are the spaces between words.
The end of a row is not necessarily the end of a word. Words often—but not always—wrap from one row to the next.
There are no tiles for punctuation, like commas and apostrophes. You would spell "can't," for example, like this:
Leave this game and start a new one?


template
script
Vue Component specification indicates that each *.vue file can contain at most one template or script block at a time.
*.vue


Locadia’s late penalty sends Hoffenheim second in Bundesliga
BERLIN, Nov 9 — Hoffenheim moved to second place in the Bundesliga yesterday as they beat Cologne 2-1 for a club record sixth straight victory in all competitions thanks to Juergen Locadia’s injury time penalty.
Jhon Cordoba opened the scoring for the hosts before Sargis Adamyan and Locadia’s second half efforts lifted Alfred Schreuder two points below leaders Borussia Moenchengladbach.
Schreuder made one change from last weekend’s victory over Paderborn with Stefan Posch taking Kevin Akpoguma’s place in defence.
Achim Beierlorzer’s outfit remain in 17th spot with only two wins all season despite handing attacker Cordoba just his second league start of the season.
Colombian Cordoba repaid the faith shown in him by the Billy Goats’ coach Beierlorzer to claim his second goal in three appearances.
Attacking midfielder Louis Schaub laid-off to Cordoba at the edge of the box and the 26-year-old struck home.
In-form Hoffenheim responded three minutes into the second-half.
Defensive midfielder Sebastian Rudy chipped the ball to the path of Adamyan inside the penalty area and the Armenia winger side-footed on the volley to equalise.
Hoffenheim’s winner came after seven minutes of additional time as Dutch youth international Locadia scored his third goal of the season with a penalty after referee Robert Kampa had checked the decision with VAR.
Today’s action sees managerless Bayern Munich host Borussia Dortmund in the champions first league game since Niko Kovac was sacked last weekend’s 5-1 drubbing at Eintracht Frankfurt.
League leaders Moenchegladbach welcome Werder Bremen tomorrow with French forward Marcus Thuram looking to score for a fifth straight match after netting an injury-tme winner in the Europa League against Roma midweek. — AFP


You need JavaScript to see this page.
That's such a beautiful video
Result is not matchin exactly the same (I'm fixing it)
GitHub


| Fig. 1 |
Risk curves and the effect of the fraction lost on contribut ... |
| Fig. 2 |
Contributions for different timings of potential losses in a ... |
| Fig. 3 |
Variation of lost endowment for rich and poor player. We plo ... |
| Fig. 4 |
Contributions for different timings of potential losses in a ... |
| Fig. 5 |
Exploring the shape of risk curves. Average contributions fo ... |


Prefer speaking with a human to filling out a form? call us and we will connect you with a team member who can help.
666 888 000Need something changed or is there something not quite working the way you envisaged? Is your van a little old and tired and need refreshing? Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting.
Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book.
Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book.
Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book.
Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scramble.


-Introduction/Expectations-
I had received a sample of 5-MeO-DiPT hydrochloride salt, a.k.a. Foxy. The appearance of the chemical was a very fine, shiny white powder, nearly identical to the appearance of my DiPT hydrochloride powder. I enjoyed DiPT and was hoping this might be similarly interesting. Since I expected Foxy to have effects that would be mostly recreational in nature, and given the high occurrence of indigestion with Foxy use, I used cannabis while testing out Foxy. The following are my first three Foxy trials.
- Note on Methodology-
I have recently noticed that my usual process of taking gel capsules has a flaw to it. Standard gel caps appear to delay the onset of symptoms with any psychedelic by about 20-30 minutes. This was determined by comparing the timelines of a 4-AcO-DMT gel cap experience with an experience taking 4-AcO-DMT powder mixed with water and swallowed directly. Dropping a 'test capsule' into a cup of acidified water also confirms, it can take quite a while for a capsule to break open and release its powder in a stomach-like environment.
Starting with this report, whenever I use gel caps, I now puncture each capsule with a needle immediately before swallowing it. I believe ‘punctured pills’ lead to a more immediate onset, as the powder spills right out into the stomach. It works the same as parachuting without the unpleasantness of swallowing toilet paper, and it allows for more accurate time lines.
-First Trial: 8 mg-
At 10:10 AM on a Sunday morning, an 8 milligram capsule of Foxy is punctured and swallowed. I had an empty stomach at the time.
At T+0:25, First effects were noted. There was warmth and movement in the stomach. A feeling of “resonance” was noted; echoing vibrations in the body. My head felt slightly fuzzy.
At T+0:35, I started feeling extremely heavy… and there was a sudden, strong feeling in the chest. I was momentarily worried about my breathing, but after a couple of minutes, whatever it was had passed. Around the same time, the first visuals were noted… objects appeared to shake or vibrate in a way that reflected the energy moving through my body.
I smoked pot at T+0:40, which smoothed out my mood considerably. It also did well to keep the slight disruption in my stomach under control. I listened to music at this time, but disappointingly there was no alteration to the sound. None of the strange auditory magic of DiPT was carrying over to the 5-MeO counterpart at this dose. The feeling in the body was very similar to a DiPT body buzz, although a bit more pronounced.
By T+0:50, any discomforting physical effects had faded away or been treated effectively with cannabis. My stomach felt warm, mushy and good. I had slight tremors but no serious side effects; the drug, at this point, had peaked. Colors, by this time, appeared very slightly sharper and brighter than normal. Occasional jittery movements were detected in my surroundings. The visuals were entertaining but mild.
Around T+1:10, I located some good pornography and had myself an orgasm. :) Unfortunately, while the substance certainly allows for eroticism, it doesn’t enhance the erotic as significantly as I had hoped. Sensations of touch were a little bit energized, since I can feel the Foxy in every inch of my skin at this point. But the orgasm itself doesn’t seem any stronger or more emotional than usual.
Around T+1:30 I went outdoors, and enjoyed the local imagery of my city. The color enhancement made trees, the sky etc. look nice, but none of it was anything fantastic.
T+2:45 I got back home from my brief excursion and the effects were starting to slowly taper off. The peak with this stuff doesn’t stabilize for very long at all.
Nothing particularly interesting happened for the next couple hours; the same effects just sloooowly died down.
T+6:00 Effects from the Foxy are definitely all gone… maybe a slight trace of a body buzz somewhere in the background but nothing more.
-Second Trial: 12mg-
The second dose of Foxy occurred a week later and it was a little less planned out than the first. I had been deliberating on when to take my dose and basically found myself carrying a pill around the city in my pocket for a few hours. I had spent some time at a friend’s house, chatting and listening to music.
Around 4:35PM on this particular day, I took my 12 milligram pill of Foxy, shortly before departing my friend’s abode. I figured it should make my journey back home a little more interesting. I had a partially full stomach at the time.
At T+0:30, first alerts were felt. There was a sinking sensation deep in my stomach as I walked, and then the progressing feeling of “stomach disconnectedness”. 5-MeO-DiPT makes me feel as if the inside of my stomach is transforming into different shapes. Whereas DiPT creeps from my stomach into my head and seems to transform the shape of my inner ears, 5-MeO-DiPT remains mostly in the stomach/torso. I find myself visualizing my own internal organs disconnecting and then reconnecting in new combinations. Yet at this dose there is not much actual nausea.
T+0:45: I’m on a bus, making my way home. It’s slow, but it’s damned safe transportation for a person who is tripping. There is a metal pole in front of me that occasionally echoes and refracts light about in odd directions. Some of my fellow passengers look a little strange (stranger than normal). What I’m more astonished by than the visual effects is the normality of my mental state. I really am not having any thought stimulation at all. Physically and visually something psychedelic is happening; mentally I am detached from it. I think normally.
T+1:45: I finally get home. The substance peaked maybe 20-30 minutes ago. There is increased tactile stimulation, mild color brightening, and very mild visual movement. Listening to music is fun but, again, there is no alteration of auditory phenomena. There is a little bit of tracering, but like most other elements of the substance, it is subtle.
T+2:00: I smoked some pot. It re-energized the color brightening effect, which was starting to fade a little already. I found myself smoking quite a bit of pot this time through. To alleviate boredom as well as nausea.
T+5:45: Effects had died down completely by this time.
Having food in my stomach the second time through did not increase the nausea from Foxy, though it slightly delayed the onset of effects.
-Third Trial: 20mg-
The third trial was about a week and a half after the second.
T+0:25: First effects were noted. Sensual bodily feelings mixed with time dilation. Time appeared to be slowing down. There had been very mild time dilation with previous Foxy experiences but not like this.
T+0:35: Complex effects are coming on, definitely a little stronger than the previous trials. The visuals aren’t too much more pronounced but there is dizziness, chills, and shaking. For a time these effects get quite strong. I don’t feel nauseous in a pure sense, i.e. there is no need to vomit. But my body feels overwhelmingly heavy and my head is dizzy. So much so that I feel a pang of disgust towards the chemical that I just took.
T+0:40: I just smoked pot. It really helps with Foxy’s side-effects. The feeling of disgust is mostly gone. The dizziness is still there but somehow I no longer care about it.
T+0:45: Color brightening is setting in now. Objects appear to glow along their edges and flash with light. The edges of objects wiggle. The visual effects are stronger than with previous experiences, but the physical effects are far stronger than the visual ones.
T+0:50: Time is significantly dilated and it seems like I can’t feel my heart. It has melted and dissolved somewhere deep inside me, and I have no idea what pace it is beating at.
T+0:55: Listening to some music… I’m in no mood for “extreme” music at this time, I’m sticking to relaxing old tunes, gentle melodies and female vocalists… trying to soothe my nerves. Sadly, even at this dose, there is no interesting auditory distortion.
T+1:05: I feel that I have peaked. The feeling of my torso weighing an immense amount has passed. My state is quite stable. Again, there is very little if any cognitive element in place. My thoughts at this point are not really altered.
T+1:25: I watch part of a movie. The substance is reasonably entertaining, and so are my usual activities.
T+3:30: The effects are definitely fading now. The bodily feelings will take quite a while to completely work themselves out, but the visuals are almost through.
T+4:15: At this point there is massive pupil dilation and almost no visuals. It’s really kind of insulting. Anyone who saw my massive eyes would figure that I’m rolling, speeding, opiated, or having an intense psychedelic experience. I’m not really even tripping at this point, I just look the part.
T+6:30: The body buzz is still tailing off… at least a trace of it is still there pretty distinctly.
T+8:00: Psychoactive effects are completely gone now… no enhancement of touch, no visuals, no time dilation. Nothing now but a stomach-ache… ouch! My insides are so tight and irritated…
For most of the day following this experience, I had painful stomach cramps. My stomach just felt tight and sore.
-Conclusions-
My high dose of Foxy was unpleasant, with negative side-effects that far exceeded the duration of the hallucinations. Lower doses were much better, and had some recreational value. But it’s just too subtle for my tastes.
I found Foxy a very marginal drug. The onset is an intense, but brief physical rush. Once the substance peaks, a little past an hour in, it quickly becomes fairly un-engaging. I found myself surprisingly indifferent towards the symptoms as they unfolded after that point. And rather than deepening with subsequent uses, it progressively lost whatever magic it had. If there were good auditory distortions to 5-MeO-DiPT as well as visuals, it would hold my attention a lot better. Good empathogenic effects would save it as well, but I found none.
This is like the psychedelic equivalent of a pack of saltine crackers. Once eaten, I can feel it on the intimate level of a psychedelic drug, effecting my body, my mind, and probably my soul as well. And I can tell that I definitely ate *something*. But it’s bland, and I’m left wanting something else to fill the emptiness. No chef in any properly-equipped psychedelic kitchen would want to cook a meal just out of stuff like this.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


In a bygone age before the standardisation of the orchestra Luthiers seemed to be involved in the making of all kinds of weird and wonderful instruments. Many were evolutionary ancestors to instruments we recognise today or off-shoots the the greater luthierie tree of life. Others were quite bazaar and unusual when compared to the standard forms we are familiar with.
One such instrument, almost forgotten, near extinction is the Tromba Marine. With little resemblance to a trumpet and no connection to the sea this instrument is a curiosity to behold. Dating from sometime in the 1500’s its form is of a large bowed mono-chord with a unique bridge designed to vibrate against the instruments body producing a sound much like a trumpet!
As shown in the absolutely fine drawing above, the bridge has one leg ever so slightly shorter than the other. When the string vibrates the fixed leg transmits the sound to the instruments top while the shorter leg physically taps the instruments top. This produces a raspy sound reminiscent of the brass family. Beyond this there is little information for the aspiring Trumpet Marine builder to follow. The instrument is present in a few museum collections and is mentioned in the venerable Journal of Experimental Musical Instruments.
Thus I decided to rely on my experience of building classical guitars, the restriction of what materials I had to hand, and could afford to potentially sacrifice, and little imagination (making it up as you go along). My design ultimately had two bowable strings (to make it Twice as good?) and 10 sympathetic internal strings (to make it 10x as fun).
The bracing pattern will be instantly familiar to any one accustomed to looking inside classical guitars. No historical examples I know of used bracing, but as a modern addition these allow the top to be made thinner and lighter to gain a greater strength to weight ratio resulting in a louder instrument. The top is a recycled piano soundboard laboriously hand planed from about 10mm thick down to 3mm.
The Rosette is carved into the top as was common on many baroque instruments. The design is fist done on paper and attached to a piece of thin wood using hide glue. This serves as both a template and also adds strength to the rosette.
The neck was made from a plank of cedar. On the left you can see the holes for 10 zither pins to tune the 10 internal strings. On the right you can see my fist attempt at carving a scroll.
The rosette also acts as a hatch to allow the tuning of the sympathetic strings. In a slight departure from the renaissance this cover is held in place by two neodymium magnets which were salvaged from a hard disk drive. The magnets are epoxied into the neck while metal inserts are embedded the rosette plate. Everything is hidden by a fine blue felt (taken from the base of a bedside lamp).
Here you can see the sides in place attached in the traditional manner using tantallones and the cedar back braces in place. The back and sides were cut from an old wardrobe an initially had a horrible old cracked varnish poorly applied. Some judicious sanding and french polishing produced an unexpectedly good result.
I decided to make my own cocobolo tuning pegs to match the cocobolo fingerboard and bindings. I used a plane to roughly shape the peg shafts and carved the heads separately. The shafts were then turned in a peg shaver (basically a big pencil sharpener) and the heads were attached using brass rod.
A little geometry was added to the heel quite by random and an ebony heel cap tops it off.
Around the base of the instrument cocoblo and ebony trim for strength and beauty.
I was very pleased with the results of this project as I was unsure how/if it would work out in the end. Working without detailed plans and peer precedent usually associated was building more conventional instruments was fun and challenging. Below is a video of the first trumpet marine heard in Scotland for quite some time.
You can see some of my creations on Google+ and for sale on etsy.
Also check out my OpenBazaar listings.


Support the Covid Warriors!
Health care workers and sanitation workers are working round the clock in order to contain spread of the virus. Donate and help us provide better assistance to our warriors.
National Youth Union
We have been distributing ration, hygeine kits as well sanitary pads since day 1 of the lockdown. We have a special campaign for stray animals called "The Paw Project" which is headed by one of the founding members of our organization. We aren't as registered NPO yet but we've started the process of registration.
SEEDS
The NPO is reaching out to vulnerable communities in the states of Bihar, Delhi, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha and Uttarakhand. Besides supporting the elderly and children, SEEDS is taking some burden off frontline health workers by supplementing public health systems, supplying hygiene kits and assisting in setting up temporary quarantine facilities.
Give India
Give India is a non profit organisation in India. It is an online donation platform and aims to channel and provide resources to credible non-governmental organisations across India. they are raising funds for two COVID19 programmes at the moments: Donation for food parcels for daily wage earners Hygiene kits for those in high risk areas
Kashtakari Panchayat
Among the frontlines of India’s battle against corona-virus are waste pickers. Kashtakari Panchayat has organised a fundraiser to support nearly 7,000 workers in Pune and the neighbouring Pimpri-Chinchwad. The funds will be used to provide safety kits(gloves, masks, soaps and sanitizers) and a month’s supply of essentials.
Acid Survivors & Women Welfare
The 'Feeding Chennai' project aims to provide essential supplies and relief material such as Hygiene Kits and Food Packages to daily wage workers and low-income group. Through this project, we aim to reach out and positively affect the lives of over 10,000 families living in the slums opposite Chennai Central and in other prominent areas.


Encodes several methods for performing Mendelian randomization analyses with summarized data. Summarized data on genetic associations with the exposure and with the outcome can be obtained from large consortia. These data can be used for obtaining causal estimates using instrumental variable methods.
| Version: | 0.3.0 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 3.0.1), methods |
| Imports: | knitr, rmarkdown, plotly (≥ 3.6.0), ggplot2 (≥ 1.0.1), robustbase (≥ 0.92-6), Matrix (≥ 1.2), iterpc (≥ 0.3) |
| Published: | 2018-03-03 |
| Author: | Olena Yavorska |
| Maintainer: | Stephen Burgess <sb452 at medschl.cam.ac.uk> |
| License: | GPL-2 | GPL-3 |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Materials: | NEWS |
| In views: | MetaAnalysis |
| CRAN checks: | MendelianRandomization results |
| Reference manual: | MendelianRandomization.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
Mendelian randomization vignette |
| Package source: | MendelianRandomization_0.3.0.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: MendelianRandomization_0.3.0.zip, r-release: MendelianRandomization_0.3.0.zip, r-oldrel: MendelianRandomization_0.3.0.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: MendelianRandomization_0.3.0.tgz, r-oldrel: MendelianRandomization_0.3.0.tgz |
| Old sources: | MendelianRandomization archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=MendelianRandomization to link to this page.


An anonymous donor has given the Los Angeles County Museum of Art a large-scale silk sculpture of Do Ho Suh’s New York apartment – now on show to the public.
The piece by Suh, entitled 348 West 22nd Street (2011-2015), is a 1:1 scale fabric replica of the Chelsea apartment he rented for 19 years in his early career. The semi-translucent piece is made using polyester thread and wire stretched across a steel frame to create the ghostly rooms of the ground-floor duplex.
Suh spent four years making the sculpture, combining digital mapping and traditional Korean sewing methods to sketch out the apartment’s intricate details, from the lines of the sash windows to the grout indents between bathroom tiles.


TimepixCam is able to record and time-stamp light flashes in excess of 1,000 photons with high quantum efficiency in the 400–1000nm wavelength range with 20ns timing resolution, corresponding to an effective rate of 50 Megaframes per second. This is accomplished by employing a specialized silicon sensor with a thin entrance window, read out by a Timepix ASIC.
Possible applications include spatial and velocity map imaging of ions in time-of-flight mass spectroscopy; coincidence imaging of ions and electrons, and other time-resolved types of imaging spectroscopy.


IOTA Tools
Converters
Seed Generator
IOTA Seed Generator
A deterministic seed generator based on the
Master Password Algorithm
, adapted from Tom Thorogood's
Javascript implementation
in particular, which is
CC BY 4.0
-licensed.
Note that this generator has not been audited so please do not use seeds it produces to store money yet.
Master Password
Full name
Master Password
Calculate key
Settings
Seed name
Counter
Generated Seed
Seed
You must have JavaScript enabled for this page to work.


Provides methods to get the asynchronous state of a virtual key.
More...
|
| static KeyStates | GetKeyState (Keys key) |
| | Returns the asynchronous state of a virtual key. More...
|
| |
| static bool | IsPressed (Keys key) |
| | Determines whether a key is pressed. More...
|
| |
| static bool | WasPressed (Keys key) |
| | Determines whether a key was pressed. More...
|
| |
| static bool | IsFirstTimePressed (Keys key) |
| | Determines whether a key is pressed for the first time and not held down. More...
|
| |
| static bool | IsToggled (Keys key) |
| | Determines whether a key is toggled. More...
|
| |
| static bool | IsUp (Keys key) |
| | Determines whether a key is not pressed or toggled. More...
|
| |
Provides methods to get the asynchronous state of a virtual key.
◆ GetKeyState()
| static KeyStates AsyncKeyState.AsyncInput.GetKeyState |
( |
Keys |
key | ) |
|
|
static |
Returns the asynchronous state of a virtual key.
- Parameters
-
- Returns
- The state of a virtual key code.
◆ IsFirstTimePressed()
| static bool AsyncKeyState.AsyncInput.IsFirstTimePressed |
( |
Keys |
key | ) |
|
|
static |
Determines whether a key is pressed for the first time and not held down.
- Parameters
-
- Returns
true
if the virtual key is pressed for the first time and not held down; otherwise, false
.
◆ IsPressed()
| static bool AsyncKeyState.AsyncInput.IsPressed |
( |
Keys |
key | ) |
|
|
static |
Determines whether a key is pressed.
- Parameters
-
- Returns
true
if the virtual key is pressed; otherwise, false
.
◆ IsToggled()
| static bool AsyncKeyState.AsyncInput.IsToggled |
( |
Keys |
key | ) |
|
|
static |
Determines whether a key is toggled.
- Parameters
-
- Returns
true
if the virtual key is toggled; otherwise, false
.
◆ IsUp()
| static bool AsyncKeyState.AsyncInput.IsUp |
( |
Keys |
key | ) |
|
|
static |
Determines whether a key is not pressed or toggled.
- Parameters
-
- Returns
true
if the virtual key is not pressed or toggled; otherwise, false
.
◆ WasPressed()
| static bool AsyncKeyState.AsyncInput.WasPressed |
( |
Keys |
key | ) |
|
|
static |
Determines whether a key was pressed.
- Parameters
-
- Returns
true
if the virtual key was pressed; otherwise, false
.
◆ MaxKeyValue
| const int AsyncKeyState.AsyncInput.MaxKeyValue = User32.MaxKeyCode |
The upper bound of a virtual key.
◆ MinKeyValue
| const int AsyncKeyState.AsyncInput.MinKeyValue = User32.MinKeyCode |
The lower bound of a virtual key.
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:
- source/AsyncKeyState/AsyncInput.cs


sudoprofiles
/
com.sudoplatform.sudoprofiles
/
Claim
/
Visibility
/
PUBLIC
PUBLIC
PUBLIC
Claim is accessible by other users in Sudo platform.


[name]
Materials describe the appearance of [page:Object objects]. They are defined in a (mostly) renderer-independent way, so you don't have to rewrite materials if you decide to use a different renderer.
Constructor
[name]()
This creates a generic material.
Properties
[property:Integer id]
Unique number for this material instance.
[property:String name]
Material name. Default is an empty string.
[property:Float opacity]
Float in the range of 0.0 - 1.0 indicating how transparent the material is.
A value of 0.0 indicates fully transparent, 1.0 is fully opaque. If
*transparent* is not set to true for the material, the material will remain
fully opaque and this value will only affect its color.
Default is *1.0*.
[property:Boolean transparent]
Defines whether this material is transparent. This has an effect on rendering
as transparent objects need special treatment and are rendered after
non-transparent objects. For a working example of this behaviour, check the
[page:WebGLRenderer WebGLRenderer] code.
When set to true, the extent to which the material is transparent is
controlled by setting *opacity*.
Default is *false*.
.[page:Blending blending]
Which blending to use when displaying objects with this material. Default is [page:Materials NormalBlending]. See the blending mode [page:Materials constants] for all possible values.
.[page:Integer blendSrc]
Blending source. It's one of the blending mode constants defined in Three.js. Default is [page:CustomBlendingEquation SrcAlphaFactor]. See the destination factors [page:CustomBlendingEquation constants] for all possible values.
[property:Integer blendDst]
Blending destination. It's one of the blending mode constants defined in [page:Three Three.js]. Default is [page:CustomBlendingEquation OneMinusSrcAlphaFactor].
[property:Integer blendEquation]
Blending equation to use when applying blending. It's one of the constants defined in [page:Three Three.js]. Default is [page:CustomBlendingEquation AddEquation.]
[property:Boolean depthTest]
Whether to have depth test enabled when rendering this material. Default is *true*.
[property:Boolean depthWrite]
Whether rendering this material has any effect on the depth buffer. Default is *true*.
When drawing 2D overlays it can be useful to disable the depth writing in order to layer several things together without creating z-index artifacts.
[property:Boolean polygonOffset]
Whether to use polygon offset. Default is *false*. This corresponds to the *POLYGON_OFFSET_FILL* WebGL feature.
[property:Integer polygonOffsetFactor]
Sets the polygon offset factor. Default is *0*.
[property:Integer polygonOffsetUnits]
Sets the polygon offset units. Default is *0*.
[property:Number alphaTest]
Sets the alpha value to be used when running an alpha test. Default is *0*.
[property:Array clippingPlanes]
User-defined clipping planes specified as THREE.Plane objects in world space. These planes apply to the objects this material is attached to. Points in space whose dot product with the plane is negative are cut away. Default is [].
[property:Boolean clipShadows]
Defines whether to clip shadows according to the clipping planes specified on this material. Default is false.
[property:Float overdraw]
Amount of triangle expansion at draw time. This is a workaround for cases when gaps appear between triangles when using [page:CanvasRenderer]. *0.5* tends to give good results across browsers. Default is *0*.
[property:Boolean visible]
Defines whether this material is visible. Default is *true*.
[property:Enum side]
Defines which of the face sides will be rendered - front, back or both.
Default is [page:Materials THREE.FrontSide]. Other options are [page:Materials THREE.BackSide] and [page:Materials THREE.DoubleSide].
[property:Boolean needsUpdate]
Specifies that the material needs to be updated at the WebGL level. Set it to true if you made changes that need to be reflected in WebGL.
This property is automatically set to *true* when instancing a new material.
Methods
[page:EventDispatcher EventDispatcher] methods are available on this class.
[method:Material clone]([page:material material])
material -- this material gets the cloned information (optional).
This clones the material in the optional parameter and returns it.
[method:null dispose]()
This disposes the material. Textures of a material don't get disposed. These needs to be disposed by [page:Texture Texture].
[method:null setValues]([page:object values])
values -- a container with parameters.
Sets the properties based on the *values*.
Source
[link:https://github.com/mrdoob/three.js/blob/master/src/[path].js src/[path].js]


Model Database for IoT devices
Various compression ratios and compression methods are applied: quantization, channel-wise pruning, and group-level pruning
{% block content0 %}{% endblock %}
{% block content3 %}{% endblock %}
{% block content1 %}
{% endblock %}
{% block content2 %}
{% endblock %}


Listing page
/div>
Back
Edit
list of all kitchens
{{x.title}}
{{x.synopsis}}
Kitchen details
{{kitchen.title}}


Offering all sorts of crypto-currency related hosting services, tailored to your circumstances!
%%COIN_FULLNAME%% Bootstrap
The archive will be regenerated every 24 hours roughly (see timestamp below). The archives do not contain subdirectories, keep that in mind when extracting. If there is something wrong with the files or the server, ping salmaan1234
on Sugarchain Telegram
Coin info
- Website: %%COIN_WEBSITE%%
- Github: %%COIN_GITHUB%%
- Bitcointalk: %%COIN_BITCOINTALK%%
- Discord: %%COIN_TELEGRAM%%
- Explorer: %%COIN_EXPLORER%%
Snapshot info
- Snapshot timestamp: %%BOOTSTRAP_TIME%% UTC
- Block height at snapshot: %%BOOTSTRAP_HEIGHT%%
- Block hash: %%BOOTSTRAP_BEST_HASH%%
- Notes: %%COIN_NOTES%%
GZipped Tarball
- Archive: %%BOOTSTRAP_FILE_TGZ%%
- File size: %%BOOTSTRAP_SIZE_TGZ%%
- Checksums: md5, sha256, sha512
Zipfile
- Archive: %%BOOTSTRAP_FILE_ZIP%%
- File size: %%BOOTSTRAP_SIZE_ZIP%%
- Checksums: md5, sha256, sha512
The bootstrap service was forked by Nugetzrul3and ported for sugarchain. The original developers: 0x03.services - Donations: %%COIN_DONATION_ADDRESS%%


Product/Market Fit Validation in Yes!Delft
We would like to validate our product market/fit in two segments, business/policy research and scientific research, with a supporting role given to data journalism. Because we want to follow a bootstrapping strategy, we must focus on those clients where we find the highest value proposition, which is of course easier said than done. We see much interest in our offering from other continents, therefore we truly welcome the opportunity that we can do this on a truly global business canvas in one of the worlds’ top five incubators, the number 2 university-backed incubator in the world, second to none in Europe, in the Yes!Delft AI+Blockchain Validation Lab.
In Europe hundreds of thousands of microenterprises, such as record labels, video producers or book publishers are facing data and AI giants like Google’s YouTube, Apple Music, Spotify, Netflix or Amazon. If the recommendation engines of these giants do not recommend their songs, films or books, then their investments are doomed to fail, because about half of the global sales are driven by AI algorithms. When they make a claim for the missing money, they will immediately find themselves in a dispute with gigabytes of data that they can only handle with a data scientist, even though they do not even have an IT professional or an HR professional to make the hire.
An awful lot of money, creativity and real values are at stake, and we want to be on the creator’s side, their technician’s side, their manager’s side when they want to get a fair share from the pie and they want to help these industry leader to make the pie grow.
The UNESCO and the EU have been promoting as an organizational solution the fragmentation problem with the so-called data observatories that are pooling the business, policy, and scientific research needs of various domains, like music. This is an idea that we really like, and we believe that our research automation solutions can help these observatories to grow faster as ecosystems, create better quality and more timely data and research products and a far lower cost.
We define ourselves as a reproducible research company inspired by the philosophy of open collaboration, based on open-source software and open data. We want to explore various revenue models around these ideas.
-
We are not committed to open source licensing if more permissive licensing policies provide us with better opportunities.
-
We would like to explore various data-as-service models, because we do not want to be locked into the position of cheap open data vendors.
-
We want to deploy AI applications that really help earning money in these sectors with playlisting, recommendation engines, forecasting applications, or royalty valuations, because our open collaboration approach brings up enough data sooner to than its alternatives, because it manages inherent conflicts of interests, fragmentation, and decentralization better than hierarchical solutions.
Timeline
-
In January CEEMID reached its peak: we introduced a 12-country reproducible research project made with only freelancers in Brussels, presented as best use case of evidence-based policy design.
-
In February Daniel visited the Yes!Delft Co-Lab to find out who would be the best co-founder to re-launch CEEMID as an enterprise.
-
In April we started to release our data as open data for validation.
-
One month ago we started-up.
-
Then we launched the music.dataobservatory.eu project.
-
A few other data observatories.
Bonus:
- Palato in the Hague, where we took our selfie and had an absolutely amazing dinner after the pitch. Check them out!


Test
Result
Board init
(pending)
Board contents
(pending)
Initial legal moves
(pending)
Castling
(pending)
Set FEN
(pending)
Games
(pending)
Draw by Rep
(pending)


{{ define "main" }}
Find the chords for your favourite Talking Heads songs! Use the search bar if you know what you're looking for, or simply browse through all the entries using the icons below.
Learn more about this project on the about page.
{{ end }}


Class Loader
public static
&
|
|
public
|
|
public
&
|
|
public
&
|
|
public
&
|
|
public
&
|
|
public
&
|
|
public
&
|
|
public
&
|
|
public
|
|
public
|
public static
|
$loader
|


Toggle navigation
Cover to Cover
Account
Book Bag
Login / Register
Billing Information
First Name:
Last Name:
Street Address:
City/Town:
State:
Email:
Phone Number:
Shipping Information
Shipping information is same as billing
First Name:
Last Name:
Street Address:
City/Town:
State:
Email:
Phone Number:
Payment
Credit Card Type:
Visa
Mastercard
American Express
Discover
Credit Card Number:
Expiration Date:
Place Order
Place Order


MAS and JP Morgan Develop Blockchain-Based Cross-Border Payments Network
by Ali RazaMonetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) has managed to create a new blockchain-based prototype for multi-currency payments, in collaboration with Temasek and JPMorgan.
According to the developers, the network could significantly improve numerous aspects of sending payments, including the cost efficiency for businesses. MAS is currently testing its abilities, such as integration with commercial blockchain applications.
All applications that yield positive results will be presented soon, during Singapore FinTech Festival (SFF), as well as Singapore Week of Innovation and TeCHnology (SWITCH).
So, What’s This Blockchain Payments Network All About?
The prototype is the result of Project Ubin, a MAS-led project that has the goal of bringing new blockchain solutions to the financial industry. The project is collaborative, and it is currently in its fifth phase. Meanwhile, the prototype represents its largest milestone yet. According to MAS, the new payments network can provide interfaces even for other blockchain networks.
In other words, it will allow other projects to connect to the network and send payments. There will be some additional features as well, like DvP (Delivery versus Payment) settlements with private exchanges, payment commitments for trade finance, conditional payments and escrow for trade, and more.
Sopnendu Mohanty, the CFO at MAS, commented on the progress by saying that MAS hopes to see other central banks encouraged to do similar trials. MAS even plans to release technical specifications to the public, and help other developers speed up their progress. Their goal is to link up as many blockchain networks as possible, and improve cross-border connectivity, eventually making it cheap, fast, and safer than ever.
Who are the Major Stakeholders?
Another one of Project Ubin’s goals is to determine the commercial viability and value of blockchain-based payments networks, which is why MAS partnered up with over 40 financial and non-financial companies.
One of them is Temasek, whose president and COO, Chia Song Hwee, stated that the addition of non-financial firms demonstrates the technology’s great applicability. JPMorgan has acted as the infrastructure partner for the project.
As for the report, it is expected to be published in early 2020, describing the network’s use cases, listing features, and more.
Images via Shutterstock
The Rundown


Configuration
This section of the documentation includes instructions for configuring a number of the components of the Gluu Server in order to adjust the server to your organizational needs.
Organization Configuration
This section contains the following options: - System Configuration - Manage Email Addresses - SMTP Server Configuration - oxTrust Configuration
System Configuration
This feature allows the Gluu system administrator to customize and implement various options such as Cache Refresh, Federation Hosting, SCIM Support etc.
-
White Pages: If the user intends to use the built-in White Pages of the Gluu Server, this feature can be enabled here.
-
Self-Service Password Reset: The Self-Service Password Reset is disabled by default. For Self-Service Password Reset to work an SMTP server (see below) should be configured as well. Password reset link for your Gluu server should be something like: "https://your.idp.link/identity/person/passwordReminder.htm".
-
SCIM Support: If the organization already has an identity management or provisioning system in place, the SCIM protocol can be used to push and synchronize the existing identity data into the Gluu Server.
-
DNS Server: The address of the DNS Server goes here.
-
Maximum Log Size: This option can be used to mitigate the space issues within the Gluu Server. The Gluu Server automatically zips any log file which is bigger than the defined value in this field.
-
User Can Edit Own Profiel: This option allows the user to edit his own profile which is located under
Personal
.
SMTP Server Configuration
The Gluu server can communicate to any SMTP server specified in these fields. All Gluu Server related informats (cron daemon/logwatch/crash reports etc.) can be pushed to the desired Gluu Server administrator using this feature.
-
SMTP Host: Name of the SMTP host server.
-
From Name: Name of the Gluu Server administrator.
-
From Email Address: Email Address of the Gluu Server administrator.
-
Required Authentication: If the SMTP server requires authentication for every access, then enable this option by ticking the check-box, please.
-
SMTP User Name: The username for the SMTP server goes here.
-
SMTP Password: The password for the username above goes here. The username and password are used to access the SMTP server.
-
Requires SSL: If the SMTP Server offers communication via SSL enable this option by ticking the check-box.
-
SMTP Port: The number of the SMTP host server port has to be entered here.
oxTrust Settings
This feature provides options to add various changes in the Gluu Server User Interface. The Gluu Server administrator can add Title, Display Name or even modify the Web User Interface color and logo from this section.
-
Manager Group: The Gluu Server has a single manager group. The users that belong to the manager group can use the Web User Interface to operate the Gluu Server. There is no limit to the number of users that can be added to the manager group.
-
Organization Logo: The organization logo can be uploaded and activated from the configuration menu.
-
Organization Favicon: This feature can be used to change the organization favicon, if desired.
Manage Authentication
This section allows the Gluu Server administrator to define how and where the server should connect to authenticate users. If it is a remote LDAP/Active Directory server, the values are required. Put the details of the data source that you are trying to connect with Gluu Server. For example, the data source can be your back-end Active Directory, or your local LDAP server.
-
Deactivate: This button Deactivates/Activates the Gluu Server accessibility for authentication.
-
Name: This field contains the name of the authentication server.
-
Bind DN: The Username for the authentication server (local LDAP/remote LDAP/remote Active Directory) goes here.
-
Use SSL: If the authentication server requires a secured port (i.e. 636) then this option should be activated using the check-box.
-
Max Connections: This option can be used to define the total number of simultaneous connections allowed for reading local LDAP/remote Active Directory/remote LDAP.
-
Server: The unique name of the authentication server and port number (i.e. auth.company.org:636) goes here.
-
Base DN: Add base DNs in this field to allow the Gluu Server to connect and search the LDAP server. Every directory tree should be added separately using the Add Base DN option.
-
Primary Key: This field contains the primary key to connect to the authentication server (i.e. SAMAccountName/uid/mail etc.).
-
Local Primary Key: This field contains the internal LDAP primary key of the Gluu Server. Generally the key is either the uid or the mail.
-
Enabled: This check-box is used to enable the keys that are inserted in their respective fields.
-
Change Bind Password: This button assignes a password to authenticate the Authentication Server.
-
Test LDAP Connection: This button checks whether the provided information are sufficient to connect to the authentication server. The scan is done in real time, and it is recommended to be used by the Gluu Server administrators, only.
Default Authentication Method
This allows the Gluu Server administrator to select both the default authentication mode, and level for person authentication. Both modes are set to "Default" until additional authentication mechanisms are enabled via custom scripts.
Gluu Server uses oxAuth as the first step of authentication in all kind of SSO protocols ( OpenID Connect, SAML, CAS )
| Authentication Method | Description |
|---|---|
| Authentication mode | This mode is used in case of users authenticating with Gluu Server only without entring into oxTrust |
| oxTrust authentication mode | This mode is used for authenticate the GUI admins or users with oxTrust GUI access |
Manage Custom Scripts
The latest edition of the Gluu Server introduced a new Configuration section called Manage Custom Scripts. This is a single place where the server administrator can manage and implement interception scripts to customize the behavior of the Gluu Server.
Please see the Behaviour Customization page for details.
Manage Registration
From the Manage Registration interface, the Gluu Server administrator can customize the self-registration work-flow. Each option will be covered individually as described below.
Disable Captcha for registration form
Upon activating this feature, the default Captcha will be removed from the registration form.
Configure Registration Form Attributes
By default, there are a limited number of fields present in the self-registration form. If more attributes are needed they can be added in this section of Registration Management. Once you activate this feature, just start typing the attribute name in the Attributes Filter and then add desired attributes to the right column. Finally, click "Update" to complete this step.
Attributes
An Active attribute list can be seen from the Configuration > Attributes section.
The Gluu Server has a large LDAP tree which includes all standard attributes. It is not necessary for all of them to be Active. The active LDAP trees can be sorted using the Show only Active Attributes link.
The Gluu Server administrator can make changes, such as changing the status to active/inactive, to an attribute after clicking on it.
Additional attributes can be added from the Gluu Server GUI, oxTrust, by clicking the Add Attribute button. Then, the following screen will appear:
-
Name: This field defines the name of the custom attribute which must be unique in the Gluu Server LDAP tree.
-
SAML1 URI: This field contains the SAML1 uri for the custom attribute.
-
SAML2 URI: This field contains the SAML2 uri for the custom attribute.
-
Display Name: This display name can be anything that is human readable.
-
Type: The attribute type should be selected from the drop-down menu. There are four attribute types supported by Gluu:
- Text
- Numeric
- Photo
-
Date
-
Edit Type: This field controls which type of an user is allowed to edit corresponding attribute at his/her "Profile" page of the web UI (when feature "User can edit own profile" is enabled).
-
View Type: This field controls which type of an user is allowed to view corresponding attribute at his/her "Profile" page of the web UI.
-
Privacy Level: Please select the desired privacy level from the drop-down menu. The privacy level has a specific range of 1 to 5.
-
Multivalued: Please select multivalue in this field if the attribute contains more than one value.
-
SCIM Attributes: If the attribute is a part of SCIM architecture select true.
-
Description: This contains a few words to describe the attribute.
-
Status: The status, when selected active, will release and publish the attribute in IdP.
Cache Refresh
Cache Refresh was built by Gluu to pull user information from a backend customer Active Directory/LDAP Server. Cache refresh dynamically synchronizes user information from the backend data source of the customer to the Gluu Server in order to maximize performance. This feature is sensitive in nature and any incorrect action may result in loss of data within the Gluu Server. Before configuring Cache Refresh, you should read the Cache Refresh overview (see Articles). For any questions relating to Cache Refresh functionality, you can ask for assistance from Gluu Support. For a successful Cache Refresh setup, you have to insert data in ALL FIELDS below.
-
Last Run: The date and time of the latest cache refresh cycle completion is shown here.
-
Updates at the Last Run: This shows the total number of users who have been updated in the last Cache Refresh cycle. For example an user who has any of his attribute updated will show up here.
-
Problem at the Last Run: This shows the number of users who have been rejected by the Gluu Server during the update. If there are any rejections, please contact Gluu Support for clarification and help.
Customer Backend Key and Attributes
-
Key Attribute: This is the unique key attribute of backend Active Directory/LDAP Server such as SAMAccountname for any Active Directory.
-
Object Class: This contains the Object Classes of the backend Active Directory/LDAP which has permission to talk to Gluu Server Cache Refresh such as person, organizationalPerson, user etc.
-
Source Attribute: This contains the list of attributes which will be pulled and read by the Gluu Server.
-
Custom LDAP Filter: If there is any custom search required, this filtering mechanism can be used such as "sn=*" whereas the value of this field ensures that every user must contain an attribute named SN.
Source Backend LDAP Servers
This section allows the Gluu Server to connect to the backend Active Directory/LDAP server of the organization.
-
Name: Please input source as the value.
-
Use Anonymous Bind: Some customers do now allow username/password connections to their backend server. Enable this option if this applies to your organization.
-
Bind DN: This contains the username to connect to the backend server. You need to use full DN here. As for example, cn=gluu,dc=company,dc=org.
-
Use SSL: Use this feature if the backend server allows SSL connectivity.
-
Max Connections: This value defines the maximum number of connections that are allowed to read the backend Active Directory/LDAP server. It is recommended to keep the value of 2 or 3.
-
Server: This contains the backend Active Directory/LDAP server hostname with port i.e. backend.organization.com:389. If organization has a failover server, click Add Server and add more hostnames with port.
-
Base DN: This contains the location of the Active Directory/LDAP tree from where the Gluu Server shall read the user information.
-
Enabled: This check-box is used to save and push the changes. Do not use this unless the server administrator has entered all the required values.
-
Change Bind Password: This can be used for a new password or to change any existing password.
If your organization has a multiple Active Directory/LDAP server, click on Add source LDAP server and add the additional server information. Please remember that a failover server is not a new server.
Inum LDAP Server
This section of the application allows the server administrator to connect to the internal LDAP of the Gluu Server. As Gluu Server administrator, you do not need to insert anything here in this section as new Gluu Server versions automatically populates this for you (unless you try to manually configure it anyway).
-
Refresh Method: The Gluu Server allows the Server Administrator to apply two types of Cache Refresh mechanism--(i) VDS Method and (ii) Copy Method.
-
VDS Method: Any organization with a database like mysql can use the VDS method. This option can be enabled via the drop-down menu in Refresh Method option.
- Copy Method: If the organization has any kind of Active Directory/LDAP server, they are strongly recommended to use the Copy Method from the drop-down menu.
Attributes Mapping
When the Copy method is selected, a section for Attribute mapping will be exposed. In this section, the Gluu Server Administrator can map any attribute from the backend Active Directory/LDAP to the LDAP cache of the Gluu Server.
In the source attribute to destination attribute mapping field, you can enter the source attribute value on the left, and the destination attribute on the right. In other words, you can specify what the attribute is on the backend in the left field, and what it should be rendered as when it comes through the Gluu Server in the right field.
The Administrator can select any Cache Refresh Method according to the backend Active Directory/LDAP server, but there are some essential values for both types of cache refresh method. The values are given below.
-
Pooling Interval (Minutes): This is the interval value for running the Cache Refresh mechanism in the Gluu Server. It is recommended to be kept higher than 15 minutes.
-
Script File Name: The Gluu Server cache refresh can accept any kind of Jython Script which might help to calculate any custom/complex attribute i.e. eduPersonScopedAffiliation. For more information please contact Gluu Support.
-
Snapshot Folder: Every cycle of of Gluu Server Cache Refresh cycle saves an overall snapshot and problem-list record on a specified location. This is where the Gluu Server Administrator can specify the location. You can easily decide whether cache refresh synchronizes all users or not. Generally the rejected users are enclosed in the problem-list file. An overall report is displayed at the top of the cache refresh page with headings Updated at the last run and Problems at the last run.
-
Snapshot Count: This defines the total number of snapshots that are allowed to be saved in the hard drive of the VM. It is recommended to be kept to 20 snapshots.
Latest Gluu Servers (including Community Edition) introduced two upgraded sections here.
-
Server IP Address: Include the IP of your Gluu Server here. This feature helps to run Cache Refresh mechanism perfectly in a clustered environment.
-
Removed Script File Name location: New version of the Gluu Server allows the administrator to manage your custom scripts with more interactive section under configuration named Manage Custom Scripts.
-
Update: This button is used to push the changes in the Gluu Server. Hit this button only when the values have been entered, completely.
-
Update and Validate Script: This button is used to test the operation and integrity of any custom script such as a Jython Script.
Configure Log Viewer
The Gluu Server has the facility to read log files using the GUI. The log file can be displayed from the Web UI with a few clicks of the mouse. This feature can be enabled from the configuration menu clicking Configuration --> Configure Log Viewer.
Gluu Server comes preloaded with four logs in this page as the screenshot portrays. The oxAuth, oxTrust, Cache Refresh and the console log is available by default. Clicking on Add log template will bring up boxes where log path can be set to view the same from the GUI. The boxes on the left contain the name/description of the log file, and the right boxes contain the path of the log file such as /opt/tomcat/logs/demo.log.
View Log File
The log files configured in the earlier section can be viewed using the View log file feature. This feature can be accessed through the configuration menu using Configuration --> View Log File.
The Display last lines count field contains the lines that will be displayed in the Web GUI. If the field contains the value 400, then the Gluu Server will show the last 400 lines of the log in the GUI. The screenshot below shows an according example.
Status
The Status section provides a high level overview of server metrics. The included values are straightforward and shouldn't require any further explanation.


See: Description
| Interface | Description |
|---|---|
| DependencyGrammar |
An interface for DependencyGrammars.
|
| Extractor<T> | |
| GrammarProjection |
Maps between the states of a more split and less split grammar.
|
| LatticeScorer | |
| Lexicon |
An interface for lexicons interfacing to lexparser.
|
| Reranker |
A scorer which the RerankingParserQuery can use to rescore
sentences.
|
| RerankerQuery |
Process a Tree and return a score.
|
| Rule |
Interface for int-format grammar rules.
|
| Scorer |
Interface for supporting A* scoring.
|
| TagProjection |
An interface for projecting POS tags onto a reduced
set for the dependency grammar.
|
| TreebankLangParserParams |
Contains language-specific methods commonly necessary to get a parser
to parse an arbitrary treebank.
|
| UnknownWordModel |
This class defines the runtime interface for unknown words
in lexparser.
|
| UnknownWordModelTrainer |
An interface for training an UnknownWordModel.
|
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| AbstractDependencyGrammar |
An abstract base class for dependency grammars.
|
| AbstractTreebankParserParams |
An abstract class providing a common method base from which to
complete a
TreebankLangParserParams implementing class. |
| AbstractTreebankParserParams.AnnotatePunctuationFunction |
Annotation function for mapping punctuation to PTB-style equivalence classes.
|
| AbstractTreeExtractor<T> |
An abstract superclass for parser classes that extract counts from Trees.
|
| AbstractUnknownWordModelTrainer | |
| ArabicTreebankParserParams |
A
TreebankLangParserParams implementing class for
the Penn Arabic Treebank. |
| ArabicUnknownWordModel |
This is a basic unknown word model for Arabic.
|
| ArabicUnknownWordModelTrainer | |
| BaseLexicon |
This is the default concrete instantiation of the Lexicon interface.
|
| BaseUnknownWordModel |
An unknown word model for a generic language.
|
| BaseUnknownWordModelTrainer | |
| BiLexPCFGParser |
Implements Eisner and Satta style algorithms for bilexical
PCFG parsing.
|
| BiLexPCFGParser.N5BiLexPCFGParser | |
| BinaryGrammar |
Maintains efficient indexing of binary grammar rules.
|
| BinaryGrammarExtractor | |
| BinaryHeadFinder | |
| BinaryRule |
Binary rules (ints for parent, left and right children)
|
| BoundaryRemover |
Removes a boundary symbol (Lexicon.BOUNDARY_TAG or Lexicon.BOUNDARY), which
is the rightmost daughter of a tree.
|
| ChineseCharacterBasedLexicon | |
| ChineseLexicon |
A lexicon class for Chinese.
|
| ChineseLexiconAndWordSegmenter |
This class lets you train a lexicon and segmenter at the same time.
|
| ChineseMarkovWordSegmenter |
Performs word segmentation with a hierarchical markov model over POS
and over characters given POS.
|
| ChineseSimWordAvgDepGrammar |
A Dependency grammar that smooths by averaging over similar words.
|
| ChineseTreebankParserParams |
Parameter file for parsing the Penn Chinese Treebank.
|
| ChineseUnknownWordModel |
Stores, trains, and scores with an unknown word model.
|
| ChineseUnknownWordModelTrainer | |
| CNFTransformers | |
| CollinsPuncTransformer |
This class manipulates punctuation in trees (used with training trees)
in the same manner that Collins manipulated punctuation in trees when
building his parsing model.
|
| Debinarizer |
Debinarizes a binary tree from the parser.
|
| Edge |
Class for parse edges.
|
| EnglishTreebankParserParams |
Parser parameters for the Penn English Treebank (WSJ, Brown, Switchboard).
|
| EnglishTreebankParserParams.EnglishTest | |
| EnglishTreebankParserParams.EnglishTrain | |
| EnglishUnknownWordModel |
This is a basic unknown word model for English.
|
| EnglishUnknownWordModelTrainer | |
| EvalbFormatWriter | |
| EvaluateTreebank | |
| ExactGrammarCompactor | |
| ExhaustiveDependencyParser |
An exhaustive O(n4t2) time and O(n2t)
space dependency parser.
|
| ExhaustivePCFGParser |
An exhaustive generalized CKY PCFG parser.
|
| FactoredLexicon | |
| FactoredLexiconEvent | |
| FactoredParser | |
| FastFactoredParser |
Provides a much faster way to realize the factored
parsing idea, including easily returning "k good" results
at the expense of optimality.
|
| FrenchTreebankParserParams |
TreebankLangParserParams for the French Treebank corpus.
|
| FrenchUnknownWordModel | |
| FrenchUnknownWordModelTrainer | |
| GermanUnknownWordModel |
An unknown word model for German; relies on BaseUnknownWordModel plus number matching.
|
| GermanUnknownWordModelTrainer | |
| GrammarCompactor | |
| HebrewTreebankParserParams |
Initial version of a parser pack for the HTB.
|
| Hook |
Class for parse table hooks.
|
| HTKLatticeReader | |
| HTKLatticeReader.LatticeWord | |
| IntDependency |
Maintains a dependency between head and dependent where they are each an IntTaggedWord.
|
| IntTaggedWord |
Represents a WordTag (in the sense that equality is defined
on both components), where each half is represented by an
int indexed by a Index.
|
| Item |
Abstract class for parse items.
|
| IterativeCKYPCFGParser |
Does iterative deepening search inside the CKY algorithm for faster
parsing.
|
| Lattice | |
| LatticeEdge | |
| LexicalizedParser |
This class provides the top-level API and command-line interface to a set
of reasonably good treebank-trained parsers.
|
| LexicalizedParserQuery | |
| LinearGrammarSmoother |
Implements linear rule smoothing a la Petrov et al.
|
| MLEDependencyGrammar | |
| MLEDependencyGrammarExtractor |
Gathers statistics on tree dependencies and then passes them to an
MLEDependencyGrammar for dependency grammar construction.
|
| NegraPennTreebankParserParams |
Parameter file for parsing the Penn Treebank format of the Negra
Treebank (German).
|
| Options |
This class contains options to the parser which MUST be the SAME at
both training and testing (parsing) time in order for the parser to
work properly.
|
| Options.LexOptions | |
| OutsideRuleFilter | |
| ParentAnnotationStats |
See what parent annotation helps in treebank, based on support and
KL divergence.
|
| ParseFiles |
Runs the parser over a set of files.
|
| RerankingParserQuery |
Rerank trees from the ParserQuery based on scores from a Reranker.
|
| SisterAnnotationStats |
See what sister annotation helps in treebank, based on support and
KL divergence.
|
| SpanishTreebankParserParams |
TreebankLangParserParams for the AnCora corpus.
|
| SpanishUnknownWordModel | |
| SpanishUnknownWordModelTrainer | |
| SplittingGrammarExtractor |
This class is a reimplementation of Berkeley's state splitting
grammar.
|
| TestOptions |
Options to the parser which affect performance only at testing (parsing)
time.
|
| TrainOptions |
Non-language-specific options for training a grammar from a treebank.
|
| TreeAnnotator |
Performs non-language specific annotation of Trees.
|
| TreeAnnotatorAndBinarizer | |
| TreebankAnnotator |
Class for getting an annotated treebank.
|
| TreeBinarizer |
Binarizes trees in such a way that head-argument structure is respected.
|
| TreeCollinizer |
Does detransformations to a parsed sentence to map it back to the
standard treebank form for output or evaluation.
|
| TregexPoweredTreebankParserParams |
An extension of
AbstractTreebankParserParams
which provides support for Tregex-powered annotations. |
| TregexPoweredTreebankParserParams.AnnotateHeadFunction |
Annotate a tree constituent with its lexical head.
|
| TregexPoweredTreebankParserParams.SimpleStringFunction |
Annotates all nodes that match the tregex query with some string.
|
| TueBaDZParserParams |
TreebankLangParserParams for the German Tuebingen corpus.
|
| UnaryGrammar |
Maintains efficient indexing of unary grammar rules.
|
| UnaryRule |
Unary grammar rules (with ints for parent and child).
|
| UnknownGTTrainer |
This class trains a Good-Turing model for unknown words from a
collection of trees.
|
| Enum | Description |
|---|---|
| TrainOptions.TransformMatrixType |
This package contains implementations of three probabilistic parsers for natural language text. There is an accurate unlexicalized probabilistic context-free grammar (PCFG) parser, a probabilistic lexical dependency parser, and a factored, lexicalized probabilistic context free grammar parser, which does joint inference over the product of the first two parsers. The parser supports various languages and input formats. For English, for most purposes, we now recommend just using the unlexicalized PCFG. With a well-engineered grammar (as supplied for English), it is fast, accurate, requires much less memory, and in many real-world uses, lexical preferences are unavailable or inaccurate across domains or genres and the unlexicalized parser will perform just as well as a lexicalized parser. However, the factored parser will sometimes provide greater accuracy on English through knowledge of lexical dependencies. Moreover, it is considerably better than the PCFG parser alone for most other languages (with less rigid word order), including German, Chinese, and Arabic. The dependency parser can be run alone, but this is usually not useful (its accuracy is much lower). The output of the parser can be presented in various forms, such as just part-of-speech tags, phrase structure trees, or dependencies, and is controlled by options passed to the TreePrint class.
The factored parser and the unlexicalized PCFG parser are described in:
The factored parser uses a product model, where the preferences of an unlexicalized PCFG parser and a lexicalized dependency parser are combined by a third parser, which does exact search using A* outside estimates (which are Viterbi outside scores, precalculated during PCFG and dependency parsing of the sentence).
We have been splitting up the parser into public classes, but some of
the internals are still contained in the file
FactoredParser.java
.
The class LexicalizedParser
provides an interface for
either
training a parser from a treebank, or parsing text using a saved
parser. It can be called programmatically, or the commandline main()
method supports many options.
The parser has been ported to multiple languages. German, Chinese, and Arabic grammars are included. The first publication below documents the Chinese parser. The German parser was developed for and used in the second paper (but the paper contains very little detail on it).
The grammatical relations output of the parser is presented in:
You need Java 1.6+ installed on your system, and
java
in your PATH where commands are looked for.
You need a machine with a fair amount of memory. Required memory depends on the choice of parser, the size of the grammar, and other factors like the presence of numerous unknown words To run the PCFG parser on sentences of up to 40 words you need 100 MB of memory. To be able to handle longer sentences, you need more (to parse sentences up to 100 words, you need 400 MB). For running the Factored Parser, 600 MB is needed for dealing with sentences up to 40 words. Factored parsing of sentences up to 200 words requires around 3GB of memory. Training a new lexicalized parser requires about 1500m of memory; much less is needed for training a PCFG.
For just parsing text, you need a saved parser model (grammars, lexicon,
etc.), which can be
represented either as a text file or as a binary (Java serialized
object) representation, and which can be gzip compressed.
A number are provided contained in the supplied
stanford-parser-$VERSION-models.jar file in the distributed version,
and can be accessed from there by having this jar file on your
CLASSPATH and specifying them via a classpath entry such as:
edu/stanford/nlp/models/lexparser/englishPCFG.ser.gz
.
(Stanford NLP people can also find the grammars in the directory
/u/nlp/data/lexparser
.) Other available grammars include
englishFactored.ser.gz
for English, and
chineseFactored.ser.gz
for Chinese.
You need the parser code and grammars
accessible. This can be done by having the supplied jar files on
your CLASSPATH. The examples below assume you are in the parser
distribution home directory. From there you can set up the classpath with the
command-line argument -cp "*"
(or perhaps -cp "*;"
on certain versions of Windows).
Then if you have some sentences in testsent.txt
(as plain
text), the following commands should work.
Parsing a local text file:
java -mx100m -cp "*" edu.stanford.nlp.parser.lexparser.LexicalizedParser
edu/stanford/nlp/models/lexparser/englishPCFG.ser.gz testsent.txt
Parsing a document over the web:
java -mx100m -cp "*" edu.stanford.nlp.parser.lexparser.LexicalizedParser
-maxLength 40 edu/stanford/nlp/models/lexparser/englishPCFG.ser.gz http://nlp.stanford.edu/software/lex-parser.shtml
Note the -maxLength
flag: this will set a maximum length
sentence to parse. If you do not set one, the parser will try to parse
sentences up to any length, but will usually run out of memory when
trying to do this. This is important with web pages with text that may
not be real sentences (or just with technical documents that turn out to
have 300 word sentences).
The parser just does very rudimentary stripping of HTML tags, and
so it'll work okay on plain text web pages, but it won't work
adequately on most complex commercial script-driven pages. If you
want to handle these, you'll need to provide your own preprocessor,
and then to call the parser on its output.
The parser will send parse trees to stdout
and other
information on what it is doing to stderr
, so one commonly
wants to direct just stdout
to an output file, in the
standard way.
Parsing a Chinese sentence (in the default input encoding for Chinese of GB18030 - note you'll need the right fonts to see the output correctly):
java -mx100m -cp "*" edu.stanford.nlp.parser.lexparser.LexicalizedParser -tLPP
edu.stanford.nlp.parser.lexparser.ChineseTreebankParserParams
edu/stanford/nlp/models/lexparser/chinesePCFG.ser.gz chinese-onesent
or for Unicode (UTF-8) format files:
java -mx100m -cp "*"edu.stanford.nlp.parser.lexparser.LexicalizedParser -tLPP
edu.stanford.nlp.parser.lexparser.ChineseTreebankParserParams
-encoding UTF-8 edu/stanford/nlp/models/lexparser/chinesePCFG.ser.gz chinese-onesent-utf
For Chinese, the package includes two simple word segmenters. One is a
lexicon-based maximum match segmenter, and the other uses the parser to
do Hidden Markov Model-based word segmentation. These segmentation
methods are okay, but if you would like a high quality segmentation of
Chinese text, you will have to segment the Chinese by yourself as a
preprocessing step. The supplied grammars assume that
Chinese input has already been word-segmented according to Penn
Chinese Treebank conventions. Choosing
Chinese with -tLPP
edu.stanford.nlp.parser.lexparser.ChineseTreebankParserParams
makes space-separated words the default tokenization.
To do word segmentation within the parser, give one of the options
-segmentMarkov
or -segmentMaxMatch
.
The parser also supports other languages including German and French.
The program has many options. The most useful end-user option is
-maxLength n
which determines the maximum
length sentence that the parser will parser. Longer sentences are
skipped, with a message printed to stderr
.
The parser supports many different input formats: tokenized/not, sentences/not, and tagged/not.
The input may be
tokenized or not, and users may supply their own tokenizers. The input
is by default assumed to not be tokenized; if the
input is tokenized, supply the option -tokenized
. If the
input is not tokenized, you may supply the name of a tokenizer class
with -tokenizer tokenizerClassName
; otherwise the default
tokenizer (edu.stanford.nlp.processor.PTBTokenizer
) is
used. This tokenizer should perform well over typical plain
newswire-style text.
The
input may have already been split into sentences or not. The input is by
default assumed
to be not split; if sentences are split, supply the option
-sentences delimitingToken
, where the delimiting token
may be any string. As a special case, if the delimiting token
is "newline"
the parser will assume that each line of the
file is a sentence.
Simple XML can also be parsed. The main method does not incorporate an XML
parser, but one can fake certain simple cases with the
-parseInside regex
which will only parse the tokens inside
elements matched by the regular expression regex
. These
elements are assumed to be pure CDATA.
If you use -parseInside s
, then the parser will accept
input in which sentences are marked XML-style with
<s> ... </s> (the same format as the input to
Eugene Charniak's parser).
Finally, the input may be tagged or not. If it is tagged, the program
assumes that words and tags are separated by a non-whitespace
separating character such as '/' or '_'. You give the option
-tagSeparator tagSeparator
to specify tagged text with a
tag separator. You also need to tell the parser to use a different
tokenizer, using the flags
-tokenizerFactory edu.stanford.nlp.process.WhitespaceTokenizer
-tokenizerMethod newCoreLabelTokenizerFactory
You can see examples of many of these options in the
test
directory. As an example, you can parse the example file with partial POS-tagging
with this command:
java edu.stanford.nlp.parser.lexparser.LexicalizedParser -maxLength 20 -sentences newline -tokenized -tagSeparator / -tokenizerFactory edu.stanford.nlp.process.WhitespaceTokenizer -tokenizerMethod newCoreLabelTokenizerFactory englishPCFG.ser.gz pos-sentences.txt
There are some restrictions on the interpretation of POS-tagged input:
For the examples in pos-sentences.txt
:
Note that if the program is reading tags correctly, they aren't printed in the sentence it says it is parsing. Only the words are printed there.
You can set how sentences are printed out by using the
-outputFormat format
option. The native and default format is as
trees are formatted in the Penn Treebank, but there are a number of
other useful options:
penn
The default.oneline
Printed out on one line.wordsAndTags
Use the parser as a POS tagger.latexTree
Help write your LaTeX papers (for use with
Avery Andrews' trees.sty
package.typedDependenciesCollapsed
Write sentences in a typed
dependency format that represents sentences via grammatical relations
between words. Suitable for representing text as a semantic network.You can get each sentence printed in multiple formats by giving a comma-separated list of formats. See the TreePrint class for more information on available output formats and options.
LexicalizedParser
can be easily called
within a larger
application. It implements a couple of useful interfaces that
provide for simple use:
edu.stanford.nlp.parser.ViterbiParser
and edu.stanford.nlp.process.Function
.
The following simple class shows typical usage:
import java.util.*; import edu.stanford.nlp.ling.*; import edu.stanford.nlp.trees.*; import edu.stanford.nlp.parser.lexparser.LexicalizedParser; class ParserDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { LexicalizedParser lp = LexicalizedParser.loadModel("edu/stanford/nlp/models/lexparser/englishPCFG.ser.gz"); lp.setOptionFlags(new String[]{"-maxLength", "80", "-retainTmpSubcategories"}); String[] sent = { "This", "is", "an", "easy", "sentence", "." }; List<CoreLabel> rawWords = Sentence.toCoreLabelList(sent); Tree parse = lp.apply(rawWords); parse.pennPrint(); System.out.println(); TreebankLanguagePack tlp = new PennTreebankLanguagePack(); GrammaticalStructureFactory gsf = tlp.grammaticalStructureFactory(); GrammaticalStructure gs = gsf.newGrammaticalStructure(parse); List<TypedDependency> tdl = gs.typedDependenciesCCprocessed(); System.out.println(tdl); System.out.println(); TreePrint tp = new TreePrint("penn,typedDependenciesCollapsed"); tp.printTree(parse); } }
In a usage such as this, the parser expects sentences already
tokenized according to Penn Treebank conventions. For arbitrary text,
prior processing must be done to achieve such tokenization (the
main method of LexicalizedParser provides an
example of doing this). The example shows how most command-line
arguments can also be passed to the parser when called
programmatically. Note that using the
-retainTmpSubcategories
option is necessary to get the best
results in the typed dependencies output recognizing temporal noun phrases
("last week", "next February").
Some code fragments which include tokenization using Penn Treebank conventions follows:
import java.io.StringReader; import edu.stanford.nlp.trees.Tree; import edu.stanford.nlp.objectbank.TokenizerFactory; import edu.stanford.nlp.process.CoreLabelTokenFactory; import edu.stanford.nlp.ling.CoreLabel; import edu.stanford.nlp.process.PTBTokenizer; import edu.stanford.nlp.parser.lexparser.LexicalizedParser; LexicalizedParser lp = LexicalizedParser.loadModel("englishPCFG.ser.gz"); lp.setOptionFlags(new String[]{"-outputFormat", "penn,typedDependenciesCollapsed", "-retainTmpSubcategories"}); TokenizerFactory<CoreLabel> tokenizerFactory = PTBTokenizer.factory(new CoreLabelTokenFactory(), ""); public Tree processSentence(String sentence) { List<CoreLabel> rawWords = tokenizerFactory.getTokenizer(new StringReader(sentence)).tokenize(); Tree bestParse = lp.parseTree(rawWords); return bestParse; }
A trained parser consists of grammars, a lexicon, and option values. Once a parser has been trained, it may be written to file in one of two formats: binary serialized Java objects or human readable text data. A parser can also be quickly reconstructed (either programmatically or at the command line) from files containing a parser in either of these formats.
The binary serialized Java
objects format is created using standard tools provided by the java.io
package, and is not text, and not human-readable. To train and then save a parser
as a binary serialized objects file, use a command line invocation of the form:
java -mx1500m edu.stanford.nlp.parser.lexparser.LexicalizedParser
-train trainFilePath [fileRange] -saveToSerializedFile outputFilePath
The text data format is human readable and modifiable, and consists of four sections, appearing in the following order:
Each section is headed by a line consisting of multiple asterisks (*) and the name of the section. Note that the file format does not support rules of arbitrary arity, only binary and unary rules. To train and then save a parser as a text data file, use a command line invocation of the form:
java -mx1500m edu.stanford.nlp.parser.lexparser.LexicalizedParser
-train trainFilePath start stop -saveToTextFile outputFilePath
To parse a file with a saved parser, either in text data or serialized data format, use a command line invocation of the following form:
java -mx500m edu.stanford.nlp.parser.lexparser.LexicalizedParser
parserFilePath test.txt
If you want to use the text grammars in another parser and duplicate our performance, you will need to know how we handle the POS tagging of rare and unknown words:
For more information, you should next look at the Javadocs for the
LexicalizedParser class. In particular, the main
method of
that class documents more precisely a number of the input preprocessing
options that were presented chattily above.


Big Bang Theory creator jokes Russia should help with Young Sheldon's ratings
The Big Bang Theory creator Chuck Lorre has asked an unlikely source to help with Young Sheldon’s falling ratings (although we are pretty sure he’s joking).
The spin-off show has been successful in its own right, yet it has still failed to match the high ratings of The Big Bang Theory, which ended in May this year.
Chuck recently joked that he wished Russia would hack the Nielsen ratings to make Young Sheldon and his other show Mom’s viewership look a little better.
At the end of each of his programs, the show creator is allowed one second to display a vanity card (a card which allows him to say anything he wants).
With this week’s instalment, he joked about the falling ratings of both of his hit TV shows.
The card read: ‘Russia, if you’re reading this, hack into the Nielsen computers and make our ratings higher.’
The news follows after Young Sheldon was faced with a $272,000 (£219,000) for using an emergency alert tone sound effect.
Advertisement Advertisement
The series, which focuses on the growing pains and family life of a young Sheldon Cooper, used an altered version of the Emergency Alert System tone which has been banned in the US from being used outside of legitimate emergencies.
As a result, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) wants to slap a fine on the show for not adapting the sound enough to be not considered the actual alert.
They stated: ‘On April 12, 2018, CBS transmitted an episode of Young Sheldon via at least 227 television stations, including 15 of CBS’s owned-and-operated television stations.
‘The episode included a sound effect accompanying a tornado warning, which the producers modified, but still audibly resembled actual EAS tones.’
The Big Bang Theory airs on E4 and is available to watch on Netflix in the UK.
Got a showbiz story?
If you've got a story, video or pictures get in touch with the Metro.co.uk Entertainment team by emailing us<EMAIL_ADDRESS>calling 020 3615 2145 or by visiting our Submit Stuff page - we'd love to hear from you.