Getting started with the Standard dialects in 5 minutes
This guide will take you through some of the most important concepts you need to know to understand a Thymeleaf template written in the Standard or SpringStandard dialects. It is not a substitute for the tutorials — which are much more comprehensive — but it will teach you enough for getting the feel of the technology.
Standard dialects?
Thymeleaf is very, very extensible, and it allows you to define your own sets of template attributes (or even tags) with the names you want, evaluating the expressions you want in the syntax you want and applying the logic you want. It's more like a template engine framework.
Out of the box, nevertheless, it comes with something called the standard dialects (named Standard and SpringStandard) that define a set of features which should be more than enough for most scenarios. You can identify when these standard dialects are being used in a template because it will contain attributes starting with the th prefix, like <span th:text="...">.
Note that the Standard and the SpringStandard dialects are almost identical, except that SpringStandard includes specific features for integrating into Spring MVC applications (like, for example, using Spring Expression Language for expression evaluation instead of OGNL).
Also note we usually refer to features in the Standard dialects when we talk about Thymeleaf without being more specific.
Standard Expression syntax
Most Thymeleaf attributes allow their values to be set as or containing expressions, which we will call Standard Expressions because of the dialects they are used in. These can be of four types:
- Variable expressions
- Selection or asterisk expressions
- Text externalization or internationalization expressions
- URL expressions
Variable expressions
Variable expressions are OGNL expressions —or Spring EL if you're using SpringStandard— executed on the map of context variables —also called model attributes in Spring jargon. They look like this:
And you will find them as attribute values or as a part of them, depending on the attribute:
Selection (asterisk) expressions
Selection expressions are just like variable expressions, except they will be executed on a previously selected object instead of the whole context variables map. They look like this:
The object they act on is specified by a th:object attribute:
Text externalization expressions
Text externalization (often called internationalization) allows us to retrieve locale-specific messages from external sources (.properties files), referencing them by a key and (optionally) applying a set of parameters.
You can find them in templates like:
URL expressions
URL expressions are meant to add useful context and session info to the URLs, a process usually called URL rewriting.
URLs can also take parameters:
And be relative (in which case no application context will be added to the URL):
Let's see these expressions in context:
From this last example, see how Thymleaf allows us to set an href value for static prototyping, letting our templates link to each other nicely when directly open in a browser, and at the same time with th:href we can specify the URL that will be set as href when Thymeleaf really executes the template.
Literals and operations
A good bunch of types of literals and operations are available:
- Literals:
- Text literals: 'one text', 'Another one!',...
- Number literals: 0, 34, 3.0, 12.3,...
- Boolean literals: true, false
- Null literal: null
- Literal tokens: one, sometext, main,...
- Text operations:
- String concatenation: +
- Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
- Arithmetic operations:
- Binary operators: +, -, *, /, %
- Minus sign (unary operator): -
- Boolean operations:
- Binary operators: and, or
- Boolean negation (unary operator): !, not
- Comparisons and equality:
- Comparators: >, <, >=, <= (gt, lt, ge, le)
- Equality operators: ==, != (eq, ne)
- Conditional operators:
- If-then: (if) ? (then)
- If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
- Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
Expression preprocessing
One last thing to know about expressions is there is something called expression preprocessing, specified between __, which looks like this:
What we are seeing there is a variable expression (${sel.code}) that will be executed first and which result — let's say, "ALL" — will be used as a part of the real expression to be executed afterwards, in this case an internationalization one (which would look for the message with key selection.ALL).
Some basic attributes
Let's have a look at a couple of the most basic attributes in the Standard Dialect. Starting with th:text, which just replaces the body of a tag (notice again the prototyping abilities here):
Now th:each, which repeats the element it's in as many times as specified by the array or list returned by its expression, creating also an inner variable for the iteration element with a syntax equivalent to that of a Java foreach expression:
Lastly, Thymeleaf includes lots of th attributes for specific XHTML and HTML5 attributes which just evaluate their expressions and set the value of these attributes to their result. Their names mimic those of the attributes which values they set:
Want to know more?
Then the "Using Thymeleaf" tutorial is what you're looking for!


BBID/Building Block Identification is a way to semantically describe LEGO parts to find them or catalog them. Rather than having 1-1 names for a part A part is descibed by a collection of attributes such as height, color and studs.
This opens up the opportunity to systematically order parts by other similar parts.
${bbid}


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Coding Quiz Challenge
Try to answer the following code-related questions within the time limit. Keep in mind that incorrect answers will penalize your score/time by ten seconds!
1. Commonly used data types DO NOT include:
2. The condition in an if / else statement is enclosed within _____.
3. Arrays in JavaScript can be used to store _____.
4. String values must be enclosed within _____ when being assigned to variables.
5. A very useful tool used during development and debugging for printing content to the debugger is:
Quiz Complete 🎉
Your final score is / 5.
* Required information


"Bus-Mall"
Market Research Survey
Please choose the product you would most likely purchase:
(Click on the image to make your selection)


@* * Copyright 2023 HM Revenue & Customs * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. *@ @import forms.AWRSEnums._ @import views.html.view_application.helpers._ @import views.view_application.ViewApplicationHelper._ @import views.view_application.helpers.ViewApplicationType @(director: models.BusinessDirector, businessLegalEntity: String, id: Int)(implicit viewApplicationType: ViewApplicationType, messages : Messages) @editUrl(id: Int) = @{controllers.routes.BusinessDirectorsController.showBusinessDirectors(id, isLinearMode = false, isNewRecord = false).url} @deleteUrl(id: Int) = @{controllers.routes.BusinessDirectorsController.showDelete(id).url} @directorName(director: models.BusinessDirector) = @{ val businessName = director.companyNames.businessName val tradingName = director.companyNames.tradingName (director.firstName, director.lastName, businessName, tradingName) match { case (Some(fn), Some(ln), _, _) => fn + " " + ln case (_, _, Some(cn), _) => cn case (_, _, _, Some(tn)) => tn case _ => "" // this should never happen } } @content = {


Response body.
List of response headers.
HTTP response status.
Finds the name of a response header from a string irrespective of its case, if such a header exists.
Case-insensitive name of the header.
The name of a header, if it is set.
Returns the value of a response header from its name.
Case-insensitive name of the header.
The value of the header.
Removes a response header.
Name of the header in the format to be sent to the client.
The response object it was called on.
Sets a response header.
Name of the header in the format to be sent to the client.
Value of the header.
The response object it was called on.
Sets the status of the response.
HTTP status code. @see HttpStatusCode for a list of available status codes.
The response object it was called on.
Generated using TypeDoc
Response class instanciated for every new request and attached to the context object passed across the layer stack. Used to set various properties of the HTTP response sent to the client.


yargs¶
Yargs be a node.js library fer hearties tryin’ ter parse optstrings.
With yargs, ye be havin’ a map that leads straight to yer treasure! Treasure of course, being a simple option hash.
[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/bcoe/yargs.png)](https://travis-ci.org/bcoe/yargs) [![Dependency Status](https://gemnasium.com/bcoe/yargs.png)](https://gemnasium.com/bcoe/yargs) [![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/bcoe/yargs/badge.svg?branch=)](https://coveralls.io/r/bcoe/yargs?branch=) [![NPM version](https://img.shields.io/npm/v/yargs.svg)](https://www.npmjs.com/package/yargs)
> Yargs is the official successor to optimist. Please feel free to submit issues and pull requests. If you’d like to contribute and don’t know where to start, have a look at [the issue list](https://github.com/bcoe/yargs/issues) :)
examples¶
With yargs, the options be just a hash!¶
xup.js:
````javascript #!/usr/bin/env node var argv = require(‘yargs’).argv;
- if (argv.rif - 5 * argv.xup > 7.138) {
- console.log(‘Plunder more riffiwobbles!’);
} else {
console.log(‘Drop the xupptumblers!’);
}¶
$ ./xup.js –rif=55 –xup=9.52 Plunder more riffiwobbles!
$ ./xup.js –rif 12 –xup 8.1 Drop the xupptumblers!
![Joe was one optimistic pirate.](http://i.imgur.com/4WFGVJ9.png)
But don’t walk the plank just yet! There be more! You can do short options:¶
short.js:
``javascript
#!/usr/bin/env node
var argv = require('yargs').argv;
console.log('(%d,%d)', argv.x, argv.y);
``
$ ./short.js -x 10 -y 21 (10,21)
And booleans, both long, short, and even grouped:¶
bool.js:
````javascript #!/usr/bin/env node var util = require(‘util’); var argv = require(‘yargs’).argv;
- if (argv.s) {
- util.print(argv.fr ? ‘Le perroquet dit: ‘ : ‘The parrot says: ‘);
} console.log(
(argv.fr ? ‘couac’ : ‘squawk’) + (argv.p ? ‘!’ : ‘’)
And non-hyphenated options too! Just use argv._!¶
nonopt.js:
``javascript
#!/usr/bin/env node
var argv = require('yargs').argv;
console.log('(%d,%d)', argv.x, argv.y);
console.log(argv._);
``
$ ./nonopt.js -x 6.82 -y 3.35 rum (6.82,3.35) [ ‘rum’ ]
$ ./nonopt.js “me hearties” -x 0.54 yo -y 1.12 ho (0.54,1.12) [ ‘me hearties’, ‘yo’, ‘ho’ ]
Yargs even counts your booleans!¶
count.js
````javascript #!/usr/bin/env node var argv = require(‘yargs’)
.count(‘verbose’) .alias(‘v’, ‘verbose’) .argv;
VERBOSE_LEVEL = argv.verbose;
function WARN() { VERBOSE_LEVEL >= 0 && console.log.apply(console, arguments); } function INFO() { VERBOSE_LEVEL >= 1 && console.log.apply(console, arguments); } function DEBUG() { VERBOSE_LEVEL >= 2 && console.log.apply(console, arguments); }
WARN(“Showing only important stuff”); INFO(“Showing semi-mportant stuff too”); DEBUG(“Extra chatty mode”); ````
- ***
$ node count.js Showing only important stuff
$ node count.js -v Showing only important stuff Showing semi-important stuff too
$ node count.js -vv Showing only important stuff Showing semi-important stuff too Extra chatty mode
$ node count.js -v –verbose Showing only important stuff Showing semi-important stuff too Extra chatty mode
Tell users how to use yer options and make demands.¶
divide.js:
````javascript #!/usr/bin/env node var argv = require(‘yargs’)
.usage(‘Usage: $0 -x [num] -y [num]’) .demand([‘x’,’y’]) .argv;
After yer demands have been met, demand more! Ask for non-hypenated arguments!¶
demand_count.js:
````javascript #!/usr/bin/env node var argv = require(‘yargs’)
.demand(2) .argv;
EVEN MORE SHIVER ME TIMBERS!¶
default_singles.js:
````javascript #!/usr/bin/env node var argv = require(‘yargs’)
.default(‘x’, 10) .default(‘y’, 10) .argv
; console.log(argv.x + argv.y); ````
$ ./default_singles.js -x 5 15
default_hash.js:
````javascript #!/usr/bin/env node var argv = require(‘yargs’)
.default({ x : 10, y : 10 }) .argv
; console.log(argv.x + argv.y); ````
$ ./default_hash.js -y 7 17
And if you really want to get all descriptive about it...¶
boolean_single.js
````javascript #!/usr/bin/env node var argv = require(‘yargs’)
.boolean(‘v’) .argv
; console.dir(argv.v); console.dir(argv._); ````
$ ./boolean_single.js -v “me hearties” yo ho true [ ‘me hearties’, ‘yo’, ‘ho’ ]
boolean_double.js
````javascript #!/usr/bin/env node var argv = require(‘yargs’)
.boolean([‘x’,’y’,’z’]) .argv
; console.dir([ argv.x, argv.y, argv.z ]); console.dir(argv._); ````
$ ./boolean_double.js -x -z one two three [ true, false, true ] [ ‘one’, ‘two’, ‘three’ ]
Yargs is here to help you...¶
Ye can describe parameters fer help messages and set aliases. Yargs figures out how ter format a handy help string automatically.
line_count.js
````javascript #!/usr/bin/env node var argv = require(‘yargs’)
.usage(‘Usage: $0 <command> [options]’) .command(‘count’, ‘Count the lines in a file’) .demand(1) .example(‘$0 count -f foo.js’, ‘count the lines in the given file’) .demand(‘f’) .alias(‘f’, ‘file’) .nargs(‘f’, 1) .describe(‘f’, ‘Load a file’) .help(‘h’) .alias(‘h’, ‘help’) .epilog(‘copyright 2015’) .argv;
var fs = require(‘fs’); var s = fs.createReadStream(argv.file);
var lines = 0; s.on(‘data’, function (buf) {
lines += buf.toString().match(/n/g).length;
});
- s.on(‘end’, function () {
- console.log(lines);
});¶
- ***
$ node line_count.js count Usage: node test.js <command> [options]
- Commands:
- count Count the lines in a file
- Options:
-f, --file Load a file [required] -h, --help Show help - Examples:
- node test.js count -f foo.js count the lines in the given file
copyright 2015
Missing required arguments: f
$ node line_count.js count –file line_count.js 20
$ node line_count.js count -f line_count.js 20
methods¶
By itself,
``javascript
require('yargs').argv
```
will use process.argv array to construct the argv object.
You can pass in the process.argv yourself:
``javascript
require('yargs')([ '-x', '1', '-y', '2' ]).argv
``
or use .parse() to do the same thing:
``javascript
require('yargs').parse([ '-x', '1', '-y', '2' ])
``
The rest of these methods below come in just before the terminating .argv.
.alias(key, alias)¶
Set key names as equivalent such that updates to a key will propagate to aliases and vice-versa.
Optionally .alias() can take an object that maps keys to aliases. Each key of this object should be the canonical version of the option, and each value should be a string or an array of strings.
.default(key, value, [description])¶
Set argv[key] to value if no option was specified on process.argv.
Optionally .default() can take an object that maps keys to default values.
But wait, there’s more! the default value can be a function which returns a value. The name of the function will be used in the usage string:
```js var argv = require(‘yargs’)
- .default(‘random’, function randomValue() {
- return Math.random() * 256;
}).argv;
Optionally, description can also be provided and will take precedence over displaying the value in the usage instructions:
`js
.default('timeout', 60000, '(one-minute)');
`
.demand(key, [msg | boolean])¶
.require(key, [msg | boolean])¶
.required(key, [msg | boolean])¶
If key is a string, show the usage information and exit if key wasn’t specified in process.argv.
If key is a number, demand at least as many non-option arguments, which show up in argv._.
If key is an Array, demand each element.
If a msg string is given, it will be printed when the argument is missing, instead of the standard error message. This is especially helpful for the non-option arguments in argv._.
If a boolean value is given, it controls whether the option is demanded; this is useful when using .options() to specify command line parameters.
.requiresArg(key)¶
Specifies either a single option key (string), or an array of options that must be followed by option values. If any option value is missing, show the usage information and exit.
The default behaviour is to set the value of any key not followed by an option value to true.
.implies(x, y)¶
Given the key x is set, it is required that the key y is set.
implies can also accept an object specifying multiple implications.
.describe(key, desc)¶
Describe a key for the generated usage information.
Optionally .describe() can take an object that maps keys to descriptions.
.option(key, opt)¶
.options(key, opt)¶
Instead of chaining together .alias().demand().default().describe().string(), you can specify keys in opt for each of the chainable methods.
For example:
````javascript var argv = require(‘yargs’)
- .option(‘f’, {
- alias : ‘file’, demand: true, default: ‘/etc/passwd’, describe: ‘x marks the spot’, type: ‘string’
}) .argv
;¶
is the same as
````javascript var argv = require(‘yargs’)
.alias(‘f’, ‘file’) .default(‘f’, ‘/etc/passwd’) .argv
;¶
Optionally .options() can take an object that maps keys to opt parameters.
````javascript var argv = require(‘yargs’)
- .options({
- ‘f’: {
- alias: ‘file’, demand: true, default: ‘/etc/passwd’, describe: ‘x marks the spot’, type: ‘string’
}
}) .argv
;¶
.usage(message, opts)¶
Set a usage message to show which commands to use. Inside message, the string $0 will get interpolated to the current script name or node command for the present script similar to how $0 works in bash or perl.
opts is optional and acts like calling .options(opts).
.command(cmd, desc)¶
Document the commands exposed by your application (stored in the _ variable).
As an example, here’s how the npm cli might document some of its commands:
```js var argv = require(‘yargs’)
.usage(‘npm <command>’) .command(‘install’, ‘tis a mighty fine package to install’) .command(‘publish’, ‘shiver me timbers, should you be sharing all that’) .argv;
.example(cmd, desc)¶
Give some example invocations of your program. Inside cmd, the string $0 will get interpolated to the current script name or node command for the present script similar to how $0 works in bash or perl. Examples will be printed out as part of the help message.
.epilogue(str)¶
.epilog(str)¶
A message to print at the end of the usage instructions, e.g.,
```js var argv = require(‘yargs’)
.epilogue(‘for more information, find our manual at http://example.com‘);
.check(fn)¶
Check that certain conditions are met in the provided arguments.
fn is called with two arguments, the parsed argv hash and an array of options and their aliases.
If fn throws or returns a non-truthy value, show the thrown error, usage information, and exit.
.fail(fn)¶
Method to execute when a failure occurs, rather then printing the failure message.
fn is called with the failure message that would have been printed.
.boolean(key)¶
Interpret key as a boolean. If a non-flag option follows key in process.argv, that string won’t get set as the value of key.
key will default to false, unless an default(key, undefined) is explicitly set.
If key is an Array, interpret all the elements as booleans.
.string(key)¶
Tell the parser logic not to interpret key as a number or boolean. This can be useful if you need to preserve leading zeros in an input.
If key is an Array, interpret all the elements as strings.
.string(‘_’) will result in non-hyphenated arguments being interpreted as strings, regardless of whether they resemble numbers.
.array(key)¶
Tell the parser to interpret key as an array. If .array(‘foo’) is set, –foo bar will be parsed as [‘bar’] rather than as ‘bar’.
.nargs(key, count)¶
The number of arguments that should be consumed after a key. This can be a useful hint to prevent parsing ambiguity:
```js var argv = require(‘yargs’)
.nargs(‘token’, 1) .parse([‘–token’, ‘-my-token’]);
parses as:
{ _: [], token: ‘-my-token’, ‘$0’: ‘node test’ }
Optionally .nargs() can take an object of key/narg pairs.
.config(key)¶
Tells the parser to interpret key as a path to a JSON config file. The file is loaded and parsed, and its properties are set as arguments.
.wrap(columns)¶
Format usage output to wrap at columns many columns.
By default wrap will be set to Math.min(80, windowWidth). Use .wrap(null) to specify no column limit.
.strict()¶
Any command-line argument given that is not demanded, or does not have a corresponding description, will be reported as an error.
.help([option, [description]])¶
Add an option (e.g., –help) that displays the usage string and exits the process. If present, the description parameter customises the description of the help option in the usage string.
If invoked without parameters, .help returns the generated usage string.
Example:
``` var yargs = require(“yargs”)
.usage(“$0 -operand1 number -operand2 number -operation [add|subtract]”);
console.log(yargs.help()); ```
Later on, `argv`
can be retrived with `yargs.argv`
.version(version, [option], [description])¶
Add an option (e.g., –version) that displays the version number (given by the version parameter) and exits the process. If present, the description parameter customizes the description of the version option in the usage string.
You can provide a function for version, rather than a string. This is useful if you want to use the version from your package.json:
```js var argv = require(‘yargs’)
- .version(function() {
- return require(‘../package’).version;
}) .argv;
.showHelpOnFail(enable, [message])¶
By default, yargs outputs a usage string if any error is detected. Use the .showHelpOnFail method to customize this behaviour. if enable is false, the usage string is not output. If the message parameter is present, this message is output after the error message.
line_count.js
````javascript #!/usr/bin/env node var argv = require(‘yargs’)
.usage(‘Count the lines in a file.nUsage: $0’) .demand(‘f’) .alias(‘f’, ‘file’) .describe(‘f’, ‘Load a file’) .showHelpOnFail(false, “Specify –help for available options”) .argv;
.showHelp(fn=console.error)¶
Print the usage data using fn for printing.
Example:
``` var yargs = require(“yargs”)
.usage(“$0 -operand1 number -operand2 number -operation [add|subtract]”);
Later on, `argv`
can be retrived with `yargs.argv`
.completion(cmd, [description], [fn]);¶
Enable bash-completion shortcuts for commands and options.
cmd: when present in argv._, will result in the .bashrc completion script being outputted. To enable bash completions, concat the generated script to your .bashrc, or .bash_profile.
description: provide a description in your usage instructions for the command that generates bash completion scripts.
fn, rather than relying on yargs’ default completion functionlity, which shiver me timbers is pretty awesome, you can provide your own completion method.
```js var argv = require(‘yargs’)
- .completion(‘completion’, function(current, argv) {
// ‘current’ is the current command being completed. // ‘argv’ is the parsed arguments so far. // simply return an array of completions. return [
‘foo’, ‘bar’];
}) .argv;
But wait, there’s more! you can provide asynchronous completions.
```js var argv = require(‘yargs’)
- .completion(‘completion’, function(current, argv, done) {
- setTimeout(function() {
- done([
- ‘apple’, ‘banana’
]);
}, 500);
}) .argv;
.showCompletionScript()¶
Generate a bash completion script. Users of your application can install this script in their .bashrc, and yargs will provide completion shortcuts for commands and options.
.exitProcess(enable)¶
By default, yargs exits the process when the user passes a help flag, uses the .version functionality or when validation fails. Calling .exitProcess(false) disables this behavior, enabling further actions after yargs have been validated.
.parse(args)¶
Parse args instead of process.argv. Returns the argv object.
.reset()¶
Reset the argument object built up so far. This is useful for creating nested command line interfaces.
```js var yargs = require(‘./yargs’)
.usage(‘$0 command’) .command(‘hello’, ‘hello command’) .command(‘world’, ‘world command’) .demand(1, ‘must provide a valid command’), argv = yargs.argv, command = argv._[0];
- if (command === ‘hello’) {
- yargs.reset()
- .usage(‘$0 hello’) .help(‘h’) .example(‘$0 hello’, ‘print the hello message!’) .argv
console.log(‘hello!’);
- } else if (command === ‘world’){
- yargs.reset()
- .usage(‘$0 world’) .help(‘h’) .example(‘$0 world’, ‘print the world message!’) .argv
console.log(‘world!’);
- } else {
- yargs.showHelp();
}¶
.argv¶
Get the arguments as a plain old object.
Arguments without a corresponding flag show up in the argv._ array.
The script name or node command is available at argv.$0 similarly to how $0 works in bash or perl.
parsing tricks¶
stop parsing¶
Use – to stop parsing flags and stuff the remainder into argv._.
$ node examples/reflect.js -a 1 -b 2 – -c 3 -d 4 { _: [ ‘-c’, ‘3’, ‘-d’, ‘4’ ],
‘$0’: ‘node ./examples/reflect.js’, a: 1, b: 2 }
negate fields¶
If you want to explicity set a field to false instead of just leaving it undefined or to override a default you can do –no-key.
$ node examples/reflect.js -a –no-b { _: [],
‘$0’: ‘node ./examples/reflect.js’, a: true, b: false }
numbers¶
Every argument that looks like a number (!isNaN(Number(arg))) is converted to one. This way you can just net.createConnection(argv.port) and you can add numbers out of argv with + without having that mean concatenation, which is super frustrating.
duplicates¶
If you specify a flag multiple times it will get turned into an array containing all the values in order.
$ node examples/reflect.js -x 5 -x 8 -x 0 { _: [],
- ‘$0’: ‘node ./examples/reflect.js’,
- x: [ 5, 8, 0 ] }
dot notation¶
When you use dots (`.`s) in argument names, an implicit object path is assumed. This lets you organize arguments into nested objects.
$ node examples/reflect.js –foo.bar.baz=33 –foo.quux=5 { _: [],
- ‘$0’: ‘node ./examples/reflect.js’,
- foo: { bar: { baz: 33 }, quux: 5 } }
short numbers¶
Short numeric head -n5 style argument work too:
$ node reflect.js -n123 -m456 { ‘3’: true,
‘6’: true, _: [], ‘$0’: ‘node ./reflect.js’, n: 123, m: 456 }
installation¶
With [npm](http://github.com/isaacs/npm), just do:
npm install yargs
or clone this project on github:
git clone http://github.com/bcoe/yargs.git
To run the tests with npm, just do:
npm test
inspired by¶
This module is loosely inspired by Perl’s [Getopt::Casual](http://search.cpan.org/~photo/Getopt-Casual-0.13.1/Casual.pm).


3.3 Functional programming
As mentioned in the previous chapter, R is at its core a functional programming language. Put more general, we can say that
- everything that exists is an object and
- everything that happens is a function call.
3.3.1 Custom functions
The biggest draw-back of point-and-click statistics software is that they are usually limited in the functionality they provide. In fact, they provide you with a suite of pre-defined analysis tools and algorithms but usually it is rather tedious to extend these. R, on the other hand, is a full-blown programming language which means that there are next to no limits to what you can do. One of the most important features to expand existing functionality is to write your own functions, i.e. functions that do not exist elsewhere. In fact, this is the main reason behind R package development.
So, let’s try and create a custom function. A function to calculate the Pythagorean Theorem does not exist in base R. Sure, it may exist in some package somewhere, but I argue that it is much easier and quicker to write this yourself.
pythagoreanTheorem <- function(a, b) {
c <- sqrt(a*a + b*b)
return(c)
}
pythagoreanTheorem(3, 4)
## [1] 5
Easy! Creating custom functions thereby always follows the same procedure:
- Provide a meaningful name and use
<-
(or=
) to assignfunction(x, y, z)
where x, y, z
are an arbitrary number of arbitrarily named arguments that are needed for the calculation(s) in the- function body that does all the calculation(s) using the supplied arguments.
- Finally, a
return()
call to specify what the function will return. If this is not supplied, the result of the last calculation is returned
Now it is time for you to try this yourselves.
Task: write your own function
In R, we can easily calculate a population’s standard deviation around the mean using sd()
, but there is no default implementation for the standard error of the mean. Therefore, it is up to you to write one now.
Note, there are far more standard error statistics for which R does not provide standard base functions, such as the root mean square error (RMSE) or the absolute error (AE). Therefore, if you’re keen go ahead and practice writing functions to provide these.
3.3.2 Functionals
We’ve already seen functionals, functions that take other functions as arguments. However, so far we have only used these with standard, i.e. base R functions. But we can also supply a custom function to a functional.
dat <- data.frame(a = c(3, 7, 11, 1, 24, 2),
b = c(4, 3, 2, 3, 12, 5))
sapply(seq(nrow(dat)), function(i) pythagoreanTheorem(dat[i, 1], dat[i, 2]))
## [1] 5.000000 7.615773 11.180340 3.162278 26.832816 5.385165
Given that R comes equipped with a great variety of *apply()
functionals, it is usually not necessary to write a functional yourself.
3.3.3 Closures
The counterpart to functionals are so-called closures. These are functions that return (or build) a function according to some supplied argument. To illustrate this, let’s consider the following situation:
We have a bunch of possible predictor variables, a bunch of response variables, and we want to figure out the best combination in explaining the variances.
### generate some random data
set.seed(123)
pred <- data.frame(pred1 = rnorm(100, 2, 1),
pred2 = 1:100,
pred3 = rpois(100, 2),
pred4 = 200:101)
set.seed(234)
resp <- data.frame(resp1 = 1:100,
resp2 = rnorm(100, 2, 1),
resp3 = 200:101,
resp4 = rpois(100, 2))
We could simply use copy and paste to claculate each combination.
summary(lm(resp$resp1 ~ pred$pred1))$r.squared
summary(lm(resp$resp2 ~ pred$pred1))$r.squared
summary(lm(resp$resp2 ~ pred$pred1))$r.squared
summary(lm(resp$resp4 ~ pred$pred1))$r.squared
summary(lm(resp$resp1 ~ pred$pred2))$r.squared
summary(lm(resp$resp2 ~ pred$pred2))$r.squared
summary(lm(resp$resp3 ~ pred$pred2))$r.squared
summary(lm(resp$resp4 ~ pred$pred3))$r.squared
# ... and so forth
This is far from being optimal. Despite the fact that we have to type a lot, we are very prone to introduce errors (can you spot them?) and it is particularly hard to debug. Here, defining a closure can be of great help.
### define closure
calcRsq <- function(pred) {
function(y) {
summary(lm(y ~ pred))$r.squared
}
}
We now have a universal way of defining functions to calculate R-squared values:
## create function using pred$v1 as predictor
calcRsq_pred1 <- calcRsq(pred$pred1)
calcRsq_pred1(resp$resp1)
## [1] 0.006369369
Using it explicitly like above doesn’t really help us much, although we have made sure to not introduce any errors related to the respective predictor being used as this is now fixed within the function calcRsq_pred1()
. However, given that we now have a function which calculates the R-squared value between a fixed predictor and whatever response we give it, we can now use a functional such as apply()
to calculate the relationship between the predictor and a bunch of responses.
apply(resp, 2, calcRsq_pred1)
## resp1 resp2 resp3 resp4
## 0.006369369 0.012977823 0.006369369 0.038727184
But why stop here? Taking advantage of sapply()
, we can calculate every possible combination in one go.
sapply(seq(ncol(pred)), function(i) {
f <- calcRsq(pred[, i])
apply(resp, 2, f)
})
## [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
## resp1 0.006369369 1.000000000 0.006326898 1.000000000
## resp2 0.012977823 0.012414970 0.006192994 0.012414970
## resp3 0.006369369 1.000000000 0.006326898 1.000000000
## resp4 0.038727184 0.002312083 0.007719519 0.002312083
In words, we
- iterate over the columns of pred -
seq(ncol(pred))
, - define a function
f
by setting the closure to use the column of the current iteration –f <- calcRsq(pred[, i])
, and - apply this function
f
to all columns of resp -apply(resp, 2, f)
.
The result is equivalent to what cor(resp, pred)
produces.
cor(resp, pred)^2
## pred1 pred2 pred3 pred4
## resp1 0.006369369 1.000000000 0.006326898 1.000000000
## resp2 0.012977823 0.012414970 0.006192994 0.012414970
## resp3 0.006369369 1.000000000 0.006326898 1.000000000
## resp4 0.038727184 0.002312083 0.007719519 0.002312083
So you see that the combination of functionals and closures is a powerful, flexible and elegant way of generalizing computations. In fact, it is so flexible that we can now use the same functions for any data frames.
df1 <- data.frame(diamonds[, c(1, 5, 6)])
df2 <- data.frame(diamonds[, 7:10])
sapply(seq(ncol(df1)), function(i) {
f <- calcRsq(df1[, i])
apply(df2, 2, f)
})
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## price 0.8493305 0.0001133672 0.01616303
## x 0.9508088 0.0006395460 0.03815939
## y 0.9057751 0.0008608750 0.03376779
## z 0.9089475 0.0090105434 0.02277947
This is especially valuable for large calculations that require iterating over a set of objects. A classic scenario for using closures in combination with functionals is to find a ‘best’ value, i.e. some parameter that optimizes a fit or something along those lines.
A very detailed tutorial on how to use functional programming in R can be found in Hadley Wickham’s book Advanced R (Wickham 2014). This goes quite a bit deeper than what is outlined here and has a rather neat example of how to use functional programming to flexibly deal with encodings for missing data (e.g. -99, -999, -9999, etc.).
References
Wickham, Hadley. 2014. Advanced R. Chapman & Hall/CRC the R Series. CRC Press.


Configuring themes and settings for Ghost on Arch Linux, Ghost
Configure Themes and Settings for Ghost - Arch Linux
Difficulty: 2
Time: 30 minutes
Ghost is an open-source project for bloggers. It provides a simple blogging platform, is fast and easy to set up, and provides good customization options. This article helps you set up a Ghost blogging platform using NGINX on Arch Linux. The theme used is available as freeware from the Ghost Marketplace.
Prerequisites
Change the Ghost theme
- Log in, and then move to the
themes
directory of Ghost.
cd /var/www/ghost/content/themes/
- Install
git
unless it is already installed.
sudo pacman -S git
- Clone the
N-Coded
theme (as an example) from the GitHub project.
sudo git clone https://github.com/polygonix/N-Coded.git
- Change the ownership of the Ghost user.
sudo chown -R http:http N-Coded
If you receive an invalid user error, please create a Ghost user and then retry.
- Start
npm
services.
sudo npm start --production
Change the Ghost settings
- In a browser, type http://your_IP_address/ghost/settings/general in the address bar.
You are redirected to the time setting page.
- Fill in the required information about your blog and credentials on the setup form.
- Click OK, LET'S DO THIS.
- In the general settings page, select the theme from the Theme dropdown list, and click Save.
- Refresh your Ghost public home page to see the blog with the updated theme.
Conclusion
In this article, we reviewed the steps to configure themes and settings for Ghost on Arch Linux.


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Mobile Portals
Roadmap
Created by Dennis Peterse
Portal Improvements
- Test with detailpage link, instead directly to gamepage
- Implement thumbnails only lists
- Implement featured games spot
- Implement Recommend games
- Implement Social Login
- Improve current Framework
- Compatible with Windows 8/Mobile
- Compatible with Chrome
1 of 2
Portal Improvements
- Implement social sharing
- Implement Comments
- Routing Desktop URL/Users
- How to show content on convertibles
- Tackle Windows 8 Touch
- ?
- ?
- ?
2 of 2
Revenue Improvements
- Implement Preroll Advertisement
- Implement Video Advertisement
- Extend CPI Model
- Test/Try out different Advertisement formats
- ?
- ?
- ?
- ?
Retention/User Aquasition
- New content
- SEO improvements
- SEA (User Aquasition)
- Mobile newsletters
- Optimise Mobile Ecosystem App <-> HTML5 Portals
- ?
- ?
- ?
New People
- Developer?
- Mobile Marketeer?
- QA?


2019 BMW X7 xDrive40i Review – Bigger and Better
Back in the ’90s, BMW M engineers were working on a skunkworks project deep in the underbelly of the brand’s headquarters. It was a project …
by Gabriel NicaLooking at the BMW X7 in pictures you might not consider it to be a big deal. You’d be wrong though and it would become hilariously obvious the moment you met one in real life. The keyword in that first sentence is ‘big’ as this car is worthy of all sorts of comparisons that would put it right up there next to ‘Gargantuan’ or ‘Goliath’.
To get a better idea as to how big this car is, you need to know that the Bavarians had to make a bigger than usual badge for the hood, in order to save the regular sized roundels from the humility of looking puny next to those huge kidney grilles. So yes, everything about this car simply screams XXL in all areas. Even BMW themselves say this is the biggest car they ever made. And that caused a bit of a stir.
Why Build Such A Large Car?
You see, BMWs aren’t usually seen as big, luxurious barges. People think of BMW and they immediately somehow imagine a light, agile car that can drift in and out of a parking lot as if it was something natural. That’s the reputation the brand has built for itself over the 100+ years of manufacturing and that’s something that won’t go away too easily. While normally that would work in favor of BMW, these days it’s not the case.
That’s because the world doesn’t seem to care anymore. Why? Well, trying to find a simple explanation for the current SUV boom is a rather futile exercise. Maybe it’s because people have more disposable income than ever and they want to spend it on big, imposing cars. Maybe it’s because gas is cheap and the engines are more efficient, making the running cost difference between an SUV and a sedan smaller than ever.
Or maybe it’s just because manufacturers offer a lot of car – literally – for the buck these days.  I was looking over a graph the other day, dissecting the sales of BMW brand vehicles over the last 9 months and was rather shocked to see some interesting discrepancies.
Whereas sales of cars like the 3 Series, 5 Series and 4 Series dropped on average by around 30 percent, sales of SUVs have gone up by as high as 70 percent for some models. Looking at these sales charts, it’s hard to believe that the BMW range was once made up of solely three of maybe four models. The champions of yesterday are today’s beggars and based on this particular market performance, BMW had to adapt.
Like it or not, the Chinese market dictates a lot of what car makers are doing these days. It is the biggest single car market in the world and that has had obvious effects on a number of things, from the way cars look to what they offer and cost. The BMW X7 was created from the get go for the US and Chinese markets, two large markets for the Germans and that means, it will feel rather peculiar for people from Europe.
The Design
From the outside, you’ll immediately be able to tell this is a BMW. Yes, there are huge grilles positioned up front, their size further exacerbated by the slim headlights to the sides. No matter what design style you go for, be it M Sport or not, you get an imposing front-end with huge air intakes on the sides of the front bumper.
The side profile is massive, making the X7 look tall and brutish, with massive windows and a big step to hop onto if you want to actually get inside. Come to think of it, everything about this car – which is a loosely used word in this case – is massive. From the windows and grilles to the wheels and even side panels. Everything feels big and massive, which is a good thing, by the way. It’s good because it exudes a feeling of power and I think that’s what BMW went for.
When you’re driving the X7 you feel like the king of the road, at least in good old Europe. That’s because unlike our brothers from across the pond, cars in Europe are still relatively small. That makes the X7 stand out, especially since there are few other models out there that can match its size and grandeur. You’re basically taller than everyone else on the road, nearly on par with truck drivers and definitely close to bus drivers. The only other cars that get close to you are also the rivals the X7 has to best: the Mercedes-Benz GLS Class and the Range Rover.
All that may sound great but turns into a bit of a headache when you have to navigate through narrow, tight streets, the kind you meet all too often in Europe. It’s not terribly hard to drive because you do get great visibility on all sides and a lot of tech to help you see better, but it does cause a bit of extra stress. The rear steering wheels also work wonders, but in the end, even if you do find a parking spot, chances are it will be too narrow for the X7, rendering you a prisoner in your own car in case you do get to squeeze the 2.4-ton giant into a regular sized parking spot. One feature I would’ve loved to have on my tester would’ve been the Remote Control Parking feature.
And while all of that might make you think this isn’t a fun car to drive, I’d beg to differ.  In that kind of an environment, the X7 was a revelation. Don’t expect it to be as agile as an M2, but for its size, this is one of the best-handling SUV in its class.
The Engine
BMW did a lot of work to keep things in check and you can feel it. Our BMW X7 xDrive40i tester is the lightest in the range and even so, it still tipped the scale at just under 2.4 tons. That said, you don’t really feel like it’s that heavy when you’re driving a bit more enthusiastically. Sure, there is some pitch and the car has a tendency to lean but it’s not nearly as bad as you may think.  The one thing I would’ve liked was a bit more power.
The xDrive40i comes with the B58 3-liter straight six engine under the hood and it is a great little mill no matter how you look at it. It has the ability to turn cars like the M240i or the Toyota Supra into good sports cars but that’s not the case with the X7. It couldn’t be since we’re talking about a weight difference of almost exactly 1 ton.
Don’t get me wrong, the X7 even in xDrive40i guise is a perfectly good car for 90 percent of the people out there. They won’t be looking to drag race this thing or take it to the track. However, for some, a bit more oomph would be great.
It’s because the engine is so down on torque mostly that the fuel consumption figures are not extraordinary either. Around town I saw an average of around 20 l/100 km (14 mpg imp, 11.7 mpg US) while outside the city limits the fuel consumption was around the 9 l/100 km (26 mpg US, 31.3 mpg Imp) with an average speed of 85 km/h (53 mph).
That said, I think this time round I’d go for a diesel engine. I don’t say that often, but in the case of the X7 it is torque that you need most. I’d be willing to bet that the BMW X7 M50d would return considerably better figures with its 400 HP and 760 Nm of torque. I know in some parts of the world that car is not available and that the M50i model might be too expensive to consider. That includes the US market and in that case, I’d probably stick with the xDrive40i but, as I said before, it will depend on what matters to you.
A Luxurious Cabin
That’s because regardless of the engine, all X7 models are luxurious and extremely comfortable. They offer ample space in any seat you might want to occupy and will make due even in xDrive40i guise. I, personally, felt like the car was running out of breath at triple-digit speeds but then again, some people could find the power levels simply adequate.
Plenty Of Space For Everyone
Speaking of space, inside the cabin you get more room than you could dream of. No matter where you sit, you’ll be comfortable and yes, I am including the third row seats and yes, that applies to adults as well. What BMW did this time round was to create a true 7-seater that can accommodate adults for longer trips.
The two front rows are spacious and luxurious. You get all the latest tech and the best materials you can possibly buy in the BMW range. This is, to all means and purposes, a 7 Series SUV. Our tester had Nappa leather in Cognac and felt just as luxurious as the 7er.
I would’ve preferred the two-seater configuration for the second row of seats but I can understand those who go for the bench instead, looking to carry three people abreast in the back. And that’s really easy to do as there’s more than enough room. The bench can be reclined and moved forward by using a set of buttons on the side. This way, you can allow people to get in the back, in the two extra seats back there.
There’s enough room in the third row for adults too, as I already mentioned. They won’t be feeling like they are left out anymore either as BMW made sure to give them their own AC climate zone (the X7 is the first production car with true 5-zone climate control), their own sunroof and even USB charging ports and cupholders.
The only problem with those seats is that after a two-hour trip your hips might start to stiffen up. That’s because your knees will be sitting rather high for the entire trip and that can lead to a sore back. It’s not a huge issue though. Other than that, me and my friends found it a rather nice way to travel together, in absolute comfort and luxury.
Getting in those third-row seats is a bit of an acrobatic exercise but not nearly as bad as you may think. The second row folds a long way forward and even moves the front passenger or driver’s seat accordingly if you need them to, just by pressing a button. Speaking of buttons, there’s a set of them in the boot as well, allowing you to control all the seats except the first row. You can either fold the second and third row altogether to get the most space possible or you can raise them all to accommodate as many people as possible. It’s quite a clever trick, to be honest, saving you a lot of time and running around the car to press each button individually.
Once everyone’s settled in, the BMW X7 will take you literally anywhere in absolute comfort. The ride is almost on par with the 7 Series and I think they would’ve been even if there was better less sound making its way into the cabin of the X7. It’s not that the X7 has less sound deadening but the XL wheels and the square overall shape of the thing do create more noise, it’s inevitable.
Even so, the atmosphere inside is serene most of the time and coupling that with the comfy seats, ambient lighting and extra-large panoramic sunroof creates an ambience that’s hard to match. Long trips with friends will be an absolute joy.
Should I Buy One?
So, we’ve established there’s ample room inside, the car feels as luxurious as possible and drives better than expected. What’s the conclusion then? To be frank, I think BMW should’ve launched the X7 earlier. To some, this car does feel a bit odd, as it may be perceived as too big and heavy. Those are definitely not traits you’d normally associate with the blue and white roundel. But then again, we do live in a weird world, where people just don’t buy sedans anymore and go for SUVs.
In this new world, the BMW X7 is a star and sales of the car will definitely prove it. The main markets for it will be China and the US and the X7 is already doing great in both. Will this be a long-term success for BMW? I definitely think so because it’s not just big and luxurious, it also feels like a BMW, if you adjust your senses to the sheer size of it.
What we’re looking at here then is a very close case of having your cake and eating it too.
2019 BMW X7 xDrive40i Review
Exterior Appeal - 7
Interior Quality - 10
Steering Feedback - 7
Performance - 7
Handling - 8
BMWness/Ultimate Driving Machine - 7
Price Point - 8
7.7
In this new world, the BMW X7 is a star and sales of the car will definitely prove it. The main markets for it will be China and the US and the X7 is already doing great in both. Will this be a long-term success for BMW? I definitely think so because it’s not just big and luxurious, it also feels like a BMW, if you adjust your senses to the sheer size of it. What we’re looking at here then is a very close case of having your cake and eating it too.


I've been a part of the Planet Zoo team since August 2020, and in that time I've done a great deal. From animal behaviour code to experience with our render system, the information below provides a brief overview of my accomplishments, and how I've contributed to the 9 DLC releases I've worked on.
I've been a gameplay programmer during 9 DLC releases for Planet Zoo, a simulation game allowing players to build and manage a zoo.
I'm currently the primary coder responsible for animal behaviour, obviously a key part of a game with a main gameplay loop of building
habitats for animals to interact with.
My core responsibilities include:
AI Example: I created a system enabling animals to dig holes on soft terrain, creating a tunnel network within a habitat.
Graphics Example: I implemented various colour morph genetics, giving animals rare coats that could be passed down to their offspring.
I've touched many other aspects of the game, and created a lot of features I'm very proud of, but here's two that are worth a more in-depth look, as they provide a great example of my work:


Functions | |
| int32_t | CSL_slvTogGetRevision (const CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs *pRegs, uint32_t *pRev) |
| Get module revision information. More... | |
| int32_t | CSL_slvTogGetCfg (const CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs *pRegs, uint32_t *pTotalReads, uint32_t *pTotalWrites) |
| Get module configuration information. More... | |
| int32_t | CSL_slvTogGetStatus (const CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs *pRegs, uint32_t *pCurrReads, uint32_t *pCurrWrites) |
| Get module status information. More... | |
| int32_t | CSL_slvTogGetErrInfo (const CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs *pRegs, CSL_SlvTogErrInfo *pErrInfo) |
| Get timeout error information. More... | |
| int32_t | CSL_slvTogGetIntrPending (const CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs *pRegs, uint32_t *pPendInts) |
| Get masked (enabled) pending interrupt sources. More... | |
| int32_t | CSL_slvTogGetRawIntrPending (const CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs *pRegs, uint32_t *pRawPendInts) |
| Get raw pending interrupt sources. More... | |
| int32_t | CSL_slvTogSetIntrPending (CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs *pRegs, CSL_SlvTogIntrSrc intrSrcs) |
| Set interrupt source(s) More... | |
| int32_t | CSL_slvTogClrIntrPending (CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs *pRegs, CSL_SlvTogIntrSrc intrSrcs) |
| Clear pending interrupt source(s) More... | |
| int32_t | CSL_slvTogSetIntrEnable (CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs *pRegs, CSL_SlvTogIntrSrc intrSrcs, bool bEnable) |
| Enable/disable interrupt source(s) More... | |
| int32_t | CSL_slvTogGetIntrCount (const CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs *pRegs, CSL_SlvTogIntrSrc intrSrc, uint32_t *pIntrCnt) |
| Get interrupt count. More... | |
| int32_t | CSL_slvTogAckIntr (CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs *pRegs, CSL_SlvTogIntrSrc intrSrc, uint32_t ackCnt) |
| Ack interrupt source. More... | |
| int32_t | CSL_slvTogSetTimeoutVal (CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs *pRegs, uint32_t timeoutVal) |
| Set the timeout value. More... | |
| int32_t | CSL_slvTogStart (CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs *pRegs) |
| Start the timer counter. More... | |
| int32_t | CSL_slvTogStop (CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs *pRegs) |
| Stop the timer counter. More... | |
| int32_t | CSL_slvTogReset (CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs *pRegs) |
| Reset the timeout functionality. More... | |
| int32_t | CSL_slvTogGetCurrTimerCnt (const CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs *pRegs, uint32_t *pTimerCnt) |
| Get the current timer count value. More... | |
| int32_t | CSL_slvTogSetFlushModeEnable (CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs *pRegs, bool bEnable) |
| Enable/disable flush mode. More... | |
===========================================================================
| int32_t CSL_slvTogAckIntr | ( | CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs * | pRegs, |
| CSL_SlvTogIntrSrc | intrSrc, | ||
| uint32_t | ackCnt | ||
| ) |
Ack interrupt source.
This function acknowledges an interrupt source by decrementing the number of pending interrupts corresponding to the specified interrupt source intrSrc by the specified ackCnt count.
Valid values of intrSrc are:
CSL_EFAIL is returned if intrSrc is:
| pRegs | [IN] Pointer to the Timeout gasket registers |
| intrSrc | [IN] Interrupt source |
| ackCnt | [IN] Decrement count |
| int32_t CSL_slvTogClrIntrPending | ( | CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs * | pRegs, |
| CSL_SlvTogIntrSrc | intrSrcs | ||
| ) |
Clear pending interrupt source(s)
This function allows software to clear the specified pending interrupt source(s).
The intrSrcs value is composed of a logical OR of the desired interrupt sources defined in #CSL_SlvTogIntrSrc.
| pRegs | [IN] Pointer to the Timeout gasket registers |
| intrSrcs | [IN] Interrupt source(s) to clear |
| int32_t CSL_slvTogGetCfg | ( | const CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs * | pRegs, |
| uint32_t * | pTotalReads, | ||
| uint32_t * | pTotalWrites | ||
| ) |
Get module configuration information.
This function returns the total number of read and write scoreboard slots configured in the module.
| pRegs | [IN] Pointer to the Timeout gasket registers |
| pTotalReads | [OUT] Pointer where the total number of read slots is returned |
| pTotalWrites | [OUT] Pointer where the total number of write slots is returned |
| int32_t CSL_slvTogGetCurrTimerCnt | ( | const CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs * | pRegs, |
| uint32_t * | pTimerCnt | ||
| ) |
Get the current timer count value.
This function returns the current timer count value. This value includes the eon value in bits [31:30] and the free-running counter in bits [29:0].
| pRegs | [IN] Pointer to the Timeout gasket registers |
| pTimerCnt | [OUT] Pointer where the current timer count value is returned |
| int32_t CSL_slvTogGetErrInfo | ( | const CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs * | pRegs, |
| CSL_SlvTogErrInfo * | pErrInfo | ||
| ) |
Get timeout error information.
This function returns information about a captured transaction.
| pRegs | [IN] Pointer to the Timeout gasket registers |
| pErrInfo | [OUT] Pointer where the current number of occupied read slots is returned |
| int32_t CSL_slvTogGetIntrCount | ( | const CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs * | pRegs, |
| CSL_SlvTogIntrSrc | intrSrc, | ||
| uint32_t * | pIntrCnt | ||
| ) |
Get interrupt count.
This function returns the number of pending interrupts corresponding to the specified interrupt source intrSrc as follows: 0 = No pending interrupts 1 = One pending interrupt 2 = Two pending interrupts 3 = Three or more pending interrupts
Valid values of intrSrc are:
CSL_EFAIL is returned if intrSrc is:
| pRegs | [IN] Pointer to the Timeout gasket registers |
| intrSrc | [IN] Interrupt source |
| pIntrCnt | [OUT] Pointer where interrupt count is returned |
| int32_t CSL_slvTogGetIntrPending | ( | const CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs * | pRegs, |
| uint32_t * | pPendInts | ||
| ) |
Get masked (enabled) pending interrupt sources.
This function returns the masked (enabled) pending interrupt sources.
The value returned is a logical OR of the masked pending interrupt sources defined in #CSL_SlvTogIntrSrc.
| pRegs | [IN] Pointer to the Timeout gasket registers |
| pPendInts | [OUT] Pointer where pending interrupt sources is returned |
| int32_t CSL_slvTogGetRawIntrPending | ( | const CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs * | pRegs, |
| uint32_t * | pRawPendInts | ||
| ) |
Get raw pending interrupt sources.
This function returns the raw pending interrupt sources.
The value returned is a logical OR of the raw pending interrupt sources defined in #CSL_SlvTogIntrSrc.
| pRegs | [IN] Pointer to the Timeout gasket registers |
| pRawPendInts | [OUT] Pointer where raw pending interrupt sources is returned |
| int32_t CSL_slvTogGetRevision | ( | const CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs * | pRegs, |
| uint32_t * | pRev | ||
| ) |
Get module revision information.
This function returns the revision information for the module.
| pRegs | [IN] Pointer to the Timeout gasket registers |
| pRev | [OUT] Pointer where revision value is returned |
| int32_t CSL_slvTogGetStatus | ( | const CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs * | pRegs, |
| uint32_t * | pCurrReads, | ||
| uint32_t * | pCurrWrites | ||
| ) |
Get module status information.
This function returns the current number of occupied read and write scoreboard slots.
| pRegs | [IN] Pointer to the Timeout gasket registers |
| pCurrReads | [OUT] Pointer where the current number of occupied read slots is returned |
| pCurrWrites | [OUT] Pointer where the current number of occupied write slots is returned |
| int32_t CSL_slvTogReset | ( | CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs * | pRegs | ) |
Reset the timeout functionality.
This function resets the timeout functionality by stopping the timer counter and clearing the timer and eon counters to 0.
Note that the timeout value set via the CSL_slvTogSetTimeoutVal function is unaffected by this function.
| pRegs | [IN] Pointer to the Timeout gasket registers |
| int32_t CSL_slvTogSetFlushModeEnable | ( | CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs * | pRegs, |
| bool | bEnable | ||
| ) |
Enable/disable flush mode.
This function allows software to enable/disable flush mode.
| pRegs | [IN] Pointer to the Timeout gasket registers |
| bEnable | [IN] If true, flush mode is enabled. If false, it is disabled. |
| int32_t CSL_slvTogSetIntrEnable | ( | CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs * | pRegs, |
| CSL_SlvTogIntrSrc | intrSrcs, | ||
| bool | bEnable | ||
| ) |
Enable/disable interrupt source(s)
This function allows software to enable or disable the specified interrupt source(s).
The intrSrcs value is composed of a logical OR of the desired interrupt sources defined in #CSL_SlvTogIntrSrc.
| pRegs | [IN] Pointer to the Timeout gasket registers |
| intrSrcs | [IN] Interrupt source(s) to clear |
| bEnable | [IN] If true, the interrupt source(s) are enabled. If false, they are disabled. |
| int32_t CSL_slvTogSetIntrPending | ( | CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs * | pRegs, |
| CSL_SlvTogIntrSrc | intrSrcs | ||
| ) |
Set interrupt source(s)
This function allows software to set the specified interrupt source(s).
The intrSrcs value is composed of a logical OR of the desired interrupt sources defined in #CSL_SlvTogIntrSrc.
| pRegs | [IN] Pointer to the Timeout gasket registers |
| intrSrcs | [IN] Interrupt source(s) to set |
| int32_t CSL_slvTogSetTimeoutVal | ( | CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs * | pRegs, |
| uint32_t | timeoutVal | ||
| ) |
Set the timeout value.
This function sets the desired timeout value.
| pRegs | [IN] Pointer to the Timeout gasket registers |
| timeoutVal | [IN] Timeout count value |
| int32_t CSL_slvTogStart | ( | CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs * | pRegs | ) |
Start the timer counter.
This function starts the timer counter.
| pRegs | [IN] Pointer to the Timeout gasket registers |
| int32_t CSL_slvTogStop | ( | CSL_ksbus_vbusm_to_gasketRegs * | pRegs | ) |
Stop the timer counter.
This function stops the timer counter.
| pRegs | [IN] Pointer to the Timeout gasket registers |


enum class PendingTaskResult
When one of your PendingTask subclasses executes PendingTask.runTask, Wendy requires that it returns a result. You are required to return one of the following results. |
|
enum class ReasonPendingTaskSkipped
Reasons why a PendingTask was skipped by the task runner. |
|
class RunAllTasksFilter
Filter the Wendy task runner to only run PendingTasks with the following options. |


lenstronomy.ImSim package¶
Submodules¶
lenstronomy.ImSim.de_lens module¶
-
lenstronomy.ImSim.de_lens.
get_param_WLS
(A, C_D_inv, d, inv_bool=True)[source]¶ returns the parameter values given :param A: response matrix Nd x Ns (Nd = # data points, Ns = # parameters) :param C_D_inv: inverse covariance matrix of the data, Nd x Nd, diagonal form :param d: data array, 1-d Nd :param inv_bool: boolean, wheter returning also the inverse matrix or just solve the linear system :return: 1-d array of parameter values
lenstronomy.ImSim.image_model module¶
-
class
lenstronomy.ImSim.image_model.
ImageModel
(data_class, psf_class=None, lens_model_class=None, source_model_class=None, lens_light_model_class=None, point_source_class=None, kwargs_numerics={})[source]¶ Bases:
object
this class uses functions of lens_model and source_model to make a lensed image
-
fermat_potential
(kwargs_lens, kwargs_ps)[source]¶ Parameters: - kwargs_lens – list of keyword arguments corresponding to the superposition of different lens profiles
- kwargs_else – keyword arguments corresponding to “other” parameters, such as external shear and point source image positions
Returns: time delay in arcsec**2 without geometry term (second part of Eqn 1 in Suyu et al. 2013) as a list
-
image
(kwargs_lens=None, kwargs_source=None, kwargs_lens_light=None, kwargs_ps=None, unconvolved=False, source_add=True, lens_light_add=True, point_source_add=True)[source]¶ make a image with a realisation of linear parameter values “param”
Parameters: - kwargs_lens – list of keyword arguments corresponding to the superposition of different lens profiles
- kwargs_source – list of keyword arguments corresponding to the superposition of different source light profiles
- kwargs_lens_light – list of keyword arguments corresponding to different lens light surface brightness profiles
- kwargs_ps – keyword arguments corresponding to “other” parameters, such as external shear and point source image positions
- unconvolved – if True: returns the unconvolved light distribution (prefect seeing)
- source_add – if True, compute source, otherwise without
- lens_light_add – if True, compute lens light, otherwise without
- point_source_add – if True, add point sources, otherwise without
Returns: 1d array of surface brightness pixels of the simulation
-
image_linear_solve
(kwargs_lens=None, kwargs_source=None, kwargs_lens_light=None, kwargs_ps=None, inv_bool=False)[source]¶ computes the image (lens and source surface brightness with a given lens model). The linear parameters are computed with a weighted linear least square optimization (i.e. flux normalization of the brightness profiles)
Parameters: - kwargs_lens – list of keyword arguments corresponding to the superposition of different lens profiles
- kwargs_source – list of keyword arguments corresponding to the superposition of different source light profiles
- kwargs_lens_light – list of keyword arguments corresponding to different lens light surface brightness profiles
- kwargs_ps – keyword arguments corresponding to “other” parameters, such as external shear and point source image positions
- inv_bool – if True, invert the full linear solver Matrix Ax = y for the purpose of the covariance matrix.
Returns: 1d array of surface brightness pixels of the optimal solution of the linear parameters to match the data
-
image_positions
(kwargs_ps, kwargs_lens)[source]¶ lens equation solver for image positions given lens model and source position (only for image positions within the data frame).
Parameters: - kwargs_lens – keyword arguments of lens models (as list)
- sourcePos_x – source position in relative arc sec
- sourcePos_y – source position in relative arc sec
Returns: x_coords, y_coords of image positions
-
lens_surface_brightness
(kwargs_lens_light, unconvolved=False, k=None)[source]¶ computes the lens surface brightness distribution
Parameters: - kwargs_lens_light – list of keyword arguments corresponding to different lens light surface brightness profiles
- unconvolved – if True, returns unconvolved surface brightness (perfect seeing), otherwise convolved with PSF kernel
Returns: 1d array of surface brightness pixels
-
likelihood_data_given_model
(kwargs_lens, kwargs_source, kwargs_lens_light, kwargs_ps, source_marg=False, compute_bool=None)[source]¶ computes the likelihood of the data given a model This is specified with the non-linear parameters and a linear inversion and prior marginalisation.
Parameters: - kwargs_lens – list of keyword arguments corresponding to the superposition of different lens profiles
- kwargs_source – list of keyword arguments corresponding to the superposition of different source light profiles
- kwargs_lens_light – list of keyword arguments corresponding to different lens light surface brightness profiles
- kwargs_ps – keyword arguments corresponding to “other” parameters, such as external shear and point source image positions
Returns: log likelihood (natural logarithm)
-
numData_evaluate
(compute_bool=None)[source]¶ number of data points to be used in the linear solver :return:
-
point_source
(kwargs_ps, kwargs_lens=None, unconvolved=False, k=None)[source]¶ computes the point source positions and paints PSF convolutions on them
Parameters: - kwargs_ps –
- k –
Returns:
-
point_sources_list
(kwargs_ps, kwargs_lens, k=None)[source]¶ Parameters: kwargs_ps – Returns: list of images containing only single point sources
-
reduced_chi2
(model, error_map=0)[source]¶ returns reduced chi2 :param model: :param error_map: :return:
-
reset_point_source_cache
()[source]¶ deletes all the cache in the point source class and saves it from then on
Returns:
-
source_surface_brightness
(kwargs_source, kwargs_lens=None, unconvolved=False, de_lensed=False, k=None)[source]¶ computes the source surface brightness distribution
Parameters: - kwargs_source – list of keyword arguments corresponding to the superposition of different source light profiles
- kwargs_lens – list of keyword arguments corresponding to the superposition of different lens profiles
- unconvolved – if True: returns the unconvolved light distribution (prefect seeing)
- de_lensed – if True: returns the un-lensed source surface brightness profile, otherwise the lensed.
Returns: 1d array of surface brightness pixels
-
update_data
(data_class)[source]¶ Parameters: data_class – instance of Data() class Returns: no return. Class is updated.
-
lenstronomy.ImSim.image_numerics module¶
-
class
lenstronomy.ImSim.image_numerics.
ImageNumerics
(data, psf, subgrid_res=1, psf_subgrid=False, fix_psf_error_map=False, idex_mask=None, mask=None, point_source_subgrid=3, subsampling_size=5)[source]¶ Bases:
object
class to compute all the numerical task corresponding to an image, such as convolution and re-binning, masking
-
C_D_response
¶ Returns: covariance matrix of pixels within index_mask as a 1d array
-
array2image
(array, subgrid_res=1)[source]¶ maps a 1d array into a (nx, ny) 2d grid with array populating the idex_mask indices :param array: 1d array :param idex_mask: 1d array of length nx*ny :param nx: x-axis of 2d grid :param ny: y-axis of 2d grid :return:
-
dec_grid_ray_shooting
¶
-
exposure_map_array
¶
-
image2array
(image)[source]¶ returns 1d array of values in image in idex_mask :param image: :param idex_mask: :return:
-
kernel_point_source_subgrid
¶
-
mask
¶
-
noise_map_array
¶
-
numData_evaluate
¶
-
num_response
¶ number of pixels as part of the response array :return:
-
point_source_rendering
(ra_pos, dec_pos, amp)[source]¶ Parameters: - ra_pos –
- dec_pos –
- amp –
- subgrid –
Returns:
-
point_source_rendering_old
(ra_pos, dec_pos, amp)[source]¶ Parameters: - n_points –
- x_pos –
- y_pos –
- psf_large –
Returns: response matrix of point sources
-
ra_grid_ray_shooting
¶
-
lenstronomy.ImSim.multiband module¶
-
class
lenstronomy.ImSim.multiband.
Multiband
(multi_band_list, lens_model_class, source_model_class, lens_light_model_class, point_source_class)[source]¶ Bases:
object
class to simulate/reconstruct images in multi-band option. This class calls functions of image_model.py with different bands with joint non-linear parameters and decoupled linear parameters.
-
fermat_potential
(kwargs_lens, kwargs_else)[source]¶ Returns: time delay in arcsec**2 without geometry term (second part of Eqn 1 in Suyu et al. 2013) as a list
-
image
(kwargs_lens, kwargs_source, kwargs_lens_light, kwargs_else, unconvolved=False, source_add=True, lens_light_add=True, point_source_add=True)[source]¶ make a image with a realisation of linear parameter values “param” :param kwargs_lens: list of keyword arguments corresponding to the superposition of different lens profiles :param kwargs_source: list of keyword arguments corresponding to the superposition of different source light profiles :param kwargs_lens_light: list of keyword arguments corresponding to different lens light surface brightness profiles :param kwargs_else: keyword arguments corresponding to “other” parameters, such as external shear and point source image positions :param unconvolved: if True: returns the unconvolved light distribution (prefect seeing) :param source_add: if True, compute source, otherwise without :param lens_light_add: if True, compute lens light, otherwise without :param point_source_add: if True, add point sources, otherwise without :return: 1d array of surface brightness pixels of the simulation
-
image_linear_solve
(kwargs_lens, kwargs_source, kwargs_lens_light, kwargs_else, inv_bool=False)[source]¶ computes the image (lens and source surface brightness with a given lens model). The linear parameters are computed with a weighted linear least square optimization (i.e. flux normalization of the brightness profiles) :param kwargs_lens: list of keyword arguments corresponding to the superposition of different lens profiles :param kwargs_source: list of keyword arguments corresponding to the superposition of different source light profiles :param kwargs_lens_light: list of keyword arguments corresponding to different lens light surface brightness profiles :param kwargs_else: keyword arguments corresponding to “other” parameters, such as external shear and point source image positions :param inv_bool: if True, invert the full linear solver Matrix Ax = y for the purpose of the covariance matrix. :return: 1d array of surface brightness pixels of the optimal solution of the linear parameters to match the data
-
image_positions
(kwargs_ps, kwargs_lens)[source]¶ lens equation solver for image positions given lens model and source position :param kwargs_lens: keyword arguments of lens models (as list) :param sourcePos_x: source position in relative arc sec :param sourcePos_y: source position in relative arc sec :return: x_coords, y_coords of image positions
-
lens_surface_brightness
(kwargs_lens_light, unconvolved=False)[source]¶ computes the lens surface brightness distribution :param kwargs_lens_light: list of keyword arguments corresponding to different lens light surface brightness profiles :param unconvolved: if True, returns unconvolved surface brightness (perfect seeing), otherwise convolved with PSF kernel :return: list of 1d array of surface brightness pixels (for each band)
-
likelihood_data_given_model
(kwargs_lens, kwargs_source, kwargs_lens_light, kwargs_else, source_marg=False, compute_bool=None)[source]¶ computes the likelihood of the data given a model This is specified with the non-linear parameters and a linear inversion and prior marginalisation. :param kwargs_lens: :param kwargs_source: :param kwargs_lens_light: :param kwargs_else: :return: log likelihood (natural logarithm) (sum of the log likelihoods of the individual images)
-
num_bands
¶
-
reset_point_source_cache
()[source]¶ deletes all the cache in the point source class and saves it from then on
Returns:
-
source_surface_brightness
(kwargs_source, kwargs_lens, unconvolved=False, de_lensed=False)[source]¶ computes the source surface brightness distribution :param kwargs_lens: list of keyword arguments corresponding to the superposition of different lens profiles :param kwargs_source: list of keyword arguments corresponding to the superposition of different source light profiles :param unconvolved: if True: returns the unconvolved light distribution (prefect seeing) :param de_lensed: if True: returns the un-lensed source surface brightness profile, otherwise the lensed. :return: list of 1d arrays of surface brightness pixels (for each band)
-


GL-xml-query
Displays all depreciated OpenGL commands and enums w.r.t to OpenGL Core Profile
Latest:
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The ACF has created this archive so that interested schools or players can download and use these questions free of charge. The questions are in RTF format, stored in PC ZIP files. Save each tournament as a file and use a program like WinZip or Stuffit Expander to extract the rounds.
If you would like to donate ACF tournaments which are not already on this site, please send them to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| File | Size | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 96nats.zip | 267 KB | 1996 ACF Nationals |
| 97nats.zip | 279 KB | 1997 ACF Nationals |
| 98nats.zip | 230 KB | 1998 ACF Nationals |
| 98regs.zip | 802 KB | 1998 ACF Regionals |
| 97DSHIT.zip | 128 KB | 1997 DSHIT |
| 95Classic.zip | 36 KB | 1995 Maryland HS Classic |
| 96Classic.zip | 114 KB | 1996 Maryland HS Classic |
| 95Terrapin.zip | 248 KB | 1995 Terrapin |
| 96Terrapin.zip | 214 KB | 1996 Terrapin |
| 97cavclassic.zip | 92 KB | 1997 UVA Cavalier HS Classic |


Priest Kanis:
If you really mean those words, then I suppose there is nothing I can do...
Actually, after receiving the Shamaness' letter, we began several investigations in order to learn the whereabouts of the our people who are being held captive on Hellbound Island.
"Have you discovered anything?"


CSPICE_KDATA returns data for the nth kernel among a list of specified
kernel types.
Given:
which index of the kernel to fetch (matching the type specified by
kind) from the list of kernels loaded using cspice_furnsh but
not unloaded using cspice_unload or cleared by cspice_klear.
[1,1] = size(which); int32 = class(which)
The range of 'which' is 1 to 'count', where 'count' is
the number of kernels loaded via cspice_furnsh. Retrieve
this value from a cspice_ktotal call. See the
Examples section for an illustrative code fragment.
kind list of types of kernels to consider when fetching kernels from
the list of loaded kernels.
[1,c1] = size(kind), char = class(kind)
or
[1,1] = size(kind), cell = class(kind)
'kind' should consist of a list of words of kernels to
examine. Recognized types are
'SPK' --- All SPK files are counted in the total.
'CK' --- All CK files are counted in the total.
'PCK' --- All binary PCK files are counted in the
total.
'DSK' --- All DSK files are counted in the total.
'EK' --- All EK files are counted in the total.
'TEXT' --- All text kernels that are not meta-text
kernels are included in the total.
'META' --- All meta-text kernels are counted in the
total.
'ALL' --- Every type of kernel is counted in the
total.
'kind' lacks case sensitivity. The cspice_kdata algorithm
ignores words in 'kind' if not one of those listed above.
See the routine cspice_ktotal for example use 'kind'.
the call:
[file, filtyp, source, handle, found] = cspice_kdata(which, kind)
returns:
file name of the file having index 'which' in the sequence of files
of type 'kind' currently loaded via cspice_furnsh. 'file'
returns empty if no loaded kernels match the specification of
'which' and 'kind'.
[1,m] = size(file); char = class(file)
filtyp name of the type of kernel specified by 'file'. 'filtyp' will
be empty if no loaded kernels match the specification of
'which' and 'kind'.
[1,m] = size(filtyp); char = class(filtyp)
source name of the source file used to specify file as one to load. If
file was loaded directly via a call to cspice_furnsh, 'source'
will be empty. If there is no file matching the specification
of which and kind, 'source' will be empty.
[1,m] = size(source); char = class(source)
handle handle attached to file if it is a binary kernel. If file is a
text kernel or meta-text kernel handle will be zero. If there
is no file matching the specification of 'which' and 'kind',
'handle' will be set to zero.
[1,1] = size(handle); int32 = class(handle)
found flag indicating if a file matching the specification of 'which'
and 'kind' exists. If there no such file exists, 'found'
returns false (if 'found' returns as false, all return strings
are empty, not null).
[1,1] = size(found); logical = class(found)
Any numerical results shown for this example may differ between
platforms as the results depend on the SPICE kernels used as input
and the machine specific arithmetic implementation.
Use the meta-kernel shown below to load the required SPICE
kernels.
KPL/MK
File name: standard.tm
This meta-kernel is intended to support operation of SPICE
example programs. The kernels shown here should not be
assumed to contain adequate or correct versions of data
required by SPICE-based user applications.
In order for an application to use this meta-kernel, the
kernels referenced here must be present in the user's
current working directory.
The names and contents of the kernels referenced
by this meta-kernel are as follows:
File name Contents
--------- --------
de421.bsp Planetary ephemeris
pck00009.tpc Planet orientation and
radii
naif0009.tls Leapseconds
\begindata
KERNELS_TO_LOAD = ( 'de421.bsp',
'pck00009.tpc',
'naif0009.tls' )
\begintext
Example:
%
% Load several kernel files.
%
cspice_furnsh( 'standard.tm' )
%
% Count the number of loaded kernel files.
%
count = cspice_ktotal( 'ALL' );
%
% Loop over the count, outputting file information as we loop.
% The loop tells us all files loaded via cspice_furnsh, their
% type, and how they were loaded.
%
for i = 1:count+1
[ file, type, source, handle, found ] = ...
cspice_kdata( i, 'ALL');
if ( found )
fprintf( 'Index : %d\n', i );
fprintf( 'File : %s\n', file );
fprintf( 'Type : %s\n', type );
fprintf( 'Source: %s\n\n', source);
else
fprintf( 'No kernel found with index: %d\n', i );
end
end
%
% It's always good form to unload kernels after use,
% particularly in Mice due to data persistence.
%
cspice_kclear
MATLAB outputs:
Index : 1
File : standard.tm
Type : META
Source:
Index : 2
File : de421.bsp
Type : SPK
Source: standard.tm
Index : 3
File : pck00009.tpc
Type : TEXT
Source: standard.tm
Index : 4
File : naif0009.tls
Type : TEXT
Source: standard.tm
No kernel found with index: 5
None.
For important details concerning this module's function, please refer to
the CSPICE routine kdata_c.
MICE.REQ
DSK.REQ
-Mice Version 2.0.0, 20-JAN-2016, EDW (JPL), NJB (JPL)
Correected "Usage" string to include 'found'.
Header update to expand argument descriptions and
reflect support for use of DSKs
-Mice Version 1.2.0, 12-MAR-2012, EDW (JPL), SCK (JPL)
"logical" call replaced with "zzmice_logical."
I/O descriptions edits to parallel the Icy version.
Edited I/O section to conform to NAIF standard for Mice documentation.
Edits to Example section, proper description of "standard.tm"
meta kernel.
-Mice Version 1.0.1, 06-MAY-2009, EDW (JPL)
Added MICE.REQ reference to the Required Reading section.
-Mice Version 1.0.0, 30-MAR-2007, EDW (JPL)
Retrieve information on loaded SPICE kernels
|


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*The level you reach determines the maximum amount of earnings you can receive per referral. The actual amount you make per referral is determined by the level your referrals reach (level reached multiplied by $5). All orders are subject to verification and cross-checks to validate the legitimacy of signups. In certain instances, we may put an account on hold until we receive proof of identity (ID/Proof of Address) and in rare instances we may ask for proof that completions were legitimate (card/transaction proof). Account holds will only be removed when such information is sent. If we detect fraudulent activity, an account may be held indefinitely or suspended. Please try the advertisers offers to the fullest and abide by our terms and conditions.


Version 0.16¶
The following functions are deprecated and will be removed in 0.18:
skimage.measure.compare_mse
,skimage.measure.compare_nrmse
,skimage.measure.compare_pnsr
,skimage.measure.compare_ssim
Their functionality still exists, but under the newskimage.metrics
submodule under different names.Additionally, three new functions have been added to
skimage.metrics
:skimage.metrics.variation_of_information
skimage.metrics.adapted_rand_error
skimage.metrics.contingency_table
A new example of plotting these evaluation metrics has been added to the docs.
Version 0.15¶
skimage.feature.canny
now uses a more accurate Gaussian filter internally; output values will be different from 0.14.skimage.filters.threshold_niblack
andskimage.filters.threshold_sauvola
now accept a tuple aswindow_size
besides integers.
Version 0.14¶
skimage.filters.gaussian_filter
has been removed. Useskimage.filters.gaussian
instead.skimage.filters.gabor_filter
has been removed. Useskimage.filters.gabor
instead.The old syntax support for
skimage.transform.integrate
has been removed.The
normalise
parameter ofskimage.feature.hog
was removed due to incorrect behavior: it only applied a square root instead of a true normalization. If you wish to duplicate the old behavior, settransform_sqrt=True
.skimage.measure.structural_similarity
has been removed. Useskimage.measure.compare_ssim
instead.In
skimage.measure.compare_ssim
, the dynamic_range has been removed in favor of ‘data_range.In
skimage.restoration.denoise_bilateral
, the sigma_range kwarg has been removed in favor of sigma_color.skimage.measure.marching_cubes
has been removed in favor ofskimage.measure.marching_cubes_lewiner
.ntiles_*
parameters have been removed fromskimage.exposure.equalize_adapthist
. Usekernel_size
instead.skimage.restoration.nl_means_denoising
has been removed in favor ofskimage.restoration.denoise_nl_means
.skimage.measure.LineModel
has been removed in favor ofskimage.measure.LineModelND
.In
skimage.feature.hog
visualise has been changed to visualize.freeimage plugin of
skimage.io
has been removed.
Version 0.13¶
skimage.filter has been removed. Use
skimage.filters
instead.skimage.filters.canny has been removed. canny is available only from
skimage.feature
now.Deprecated filters hsobel, vsobel, hscharr, vscharr, hprewitt, vprewitt, roberts_positive_diagonal, roberts_negative_diagonal have been removed from
skimage.filters.edges
.The sigma parameter of
skimage.filters.gaussian
and the selem parameter ofskimage.filters.median
have been made optional, with default values.The clip_negative parameter of
skimage.util.dtype_limits
is now set to None by default, equivalent to True, the former value. In version 0.15, will be set to False.The circle parameter of
skimage.transform.radon
andskimage.transform.iradon
are now set to None by default, equivalent to False, the former value. In version 0.15, will be set to True.Parameters
ntiles_x
,ntiles_y
have been removed fromskimage.exposure.equalize_adapthist
.The
freeimage
io plugin is no longer supported, and will useimageio
instead. We will completely remove thefreeimage
plugin in Version 0.14.
Version 0.12¶
equalize_adapthist
now takes akernel_size
keyword argument, replacing thentiles_*
arguments.The functions
blob_dog
,blob_log
andblob_doh
now return float arrays instead of integer arrays.transform.integrate
now takes lists of tuples instead of integers to define the window over which to integrate.reverse_map parameter in
skimage.transform.warp
has been removed.enforce_connectivity in
skimage.segmentation.slic
defaults toTrue
.skimage.measure.fit.BaseModel._params, skimage.transform.ProjectiveTransform._matrix, skimage.transform.PolynomialTransform._params, skimage.transform.PiecewiseAffineTransform.affines_* attributes have been removed.
skimage.filters.denoise_* have moved to skimage.restoration.denoise_*.
skimage.data.lena has been removed.
Version 0.11¶
The
skimage.filter
subpackage has been renamed toskimage.filters
.Some edge detectors returned values greater than 1–their results are now appropriately scaled with a factor of
sqrt(2)
.
Version 0.10¶
Removed
skimage.io.video
functionality due to broken gstreamer bindings
Version 0.9¶
No longer wrap
imread
output in anImage
classChange default value of sigma parameter in
skimage.segmentation.slic
to 0hough_circle
now returns a stack of arrays that are the same size as the input image. Set thefull_output
flag to True for the old behavior.The following functions were deprecated over two releases: skimage.filter.denoise_tv_chambolle, skimage.morphology.is_local_maximum, skimage.transform.hough, skimage.transform.probabilistic_hough,`skimage.transform.hough_peaks`. Their functionality still exists, but under different names.
Version 0.4¶
Switch mask and radius arguments for
median_filter
Version 0.3¶
Remove
as_grey
,dtype
keyword from ImageCollectionRemove
dtype
from imreadGeneralise ImageCollection to accept a load_func


| SBINIRFAAAAA |
Flat |
ANSH STUDIO |
No |
SARB MUMBAI |
01/07/2011 |
FLAT NO.209, 2ND FLOOR, RAJ RESIDENCY II CHS LTD. C WING S.NO.144, H.NO.1, CTS NO.113, MAHAVIR NAGAR, DHANYKARWADI, KANDIVALI WEST MUMBAI 400067 |
CARPET 672.000 SQ FT |
2 BHK |
UF |
FRENCH WINDOWS, SMART SECURITY, NATURAL LIGHT |
POOL, GYM, CLUBHOUSE, RAIN WATER HARVESTING, SERVICE LIFT, SMART SECURITY, MAINTENANCE STAFF, WATER STORAGE |
8,400,000 |
8,300,000 |
7,500,000 |
29/07/2019 11:30 AM |
10,700,000 |
1 |
PHYSICAL |
|
KAP Price |
| SBINIRFAAAAA |
Flat |
ANSH STUDIO |
No |
SARB MUMBAI |
01/07/2011 |
FLAT NO.209, 2ND FLOOR, RAJ RESIDENCY II CHS LTD. C WING S.NO.144, H.NO.1, CTS NO.113, MAHAVIR NAGAR, DHANYKARWADI, KANDIVALI WEST MUMBAI 400067 |
CARPET 672.000 SQ FT |
2 BHK |
UF |
FRENCH WINDOWS, SMART SECURITY, NATURAL LIGHT |
POOL, GYM, CLUBHOUSE, RAIN WATER HARVESTING, SERVICE LIFT, SMART SECURITY, MAINTENANCE STAFF, WATER STORAGE |
8,400,000 |
8,300,000 |
7,500,000 |
29/07/2019 11:30 AM |
10,700,000 |
1 |
PHYSICAL |
|
KAP Price |
| SBINIRFAAAAA |
Flat |
ANSH STUDIO |
No |
SARB MUMBAI |
01/07/2011 |
FLAT NO.209, 2ND FLOOR, RAJ RESIDENCY II CHS LTD. C WING S.NO.144, H.NO.1, CTS NO.113, MAHAVIR NAGAR, DHANYKARWADI, KANDIVALI WEST MUMBAI 400067 |
CARPET 672.000 SQ FT |
2 BHK |
UF |
FRENCH WINDOWS, SMART SECURITY, NATURAL LIGHT |
POOL, GYM, CLUBHOUSE, RAIN WATER HARVESTING, SERVICE LIFT, SMART SECURITY, MAINTENANCE STAFF, WATER STORAGE |
8,400,000 |
8,300,000 |
7,500,000 |
29/07/2019 11:30 AM |
10,700,000 |
1 |
PHYSICAL |
|
KAP Price |


Fepper's Markdown Editor can interface with Git.
When interfaced with Git, Fepper will automatically pull edits made by other team members each time the Markdown Editor is opened.
It will commit and push changes each time a Markdown edit is saved.
However, if a team member pushes changes to a Markdown file while it is being edited by someone else, there is a chance that a merge conflict will occur.
Strategies to avoid merge conflicts:
- Communicate and agree that only one person edits a file at a time.
- Restrict editors to their own Git branch, which must get synced regularly with the main branch.


Toggle navigation
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User Profile
Settings
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Index
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Location
Date
Url


[gecode-users] Getting the domain size
Malcolm Ryan
malcolmr at cse.unsw.edu.au
Fri Nov 23 04:35:23 CET 2007
Is there any efficient way of getting the domain size of an IntVarView?
Currently, I'm doing:
int min = view.min();
int max = view.max();
int size = 0;
for (int i = min; i <= max; i++) {
if (view.in(i)) size++;
}
Also, could you please add a toString() method to IntVarView? It
would make debugging easier.

- G.K.Chesterton, Orthodoxy
More information about the gecode-users
mailing list


[§229-1] Definition. For the purposes of this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires, "sister-state or province relationship" means a relationship between the State of Hawaii and the state or province or similar governmental or political subdivision of a foreign nation. [L 2006, c 150, pt of §2]


Parameters must be entered in the following format,
param1=value1¶m2=value2¶m3=value3
Note: only string parameters are currently supported. Non-string parameters will be ignored.


Some Text must be there
Loyality test
====================*********====================
User name
Password
Gender
Male
Female
This is my paragraph 1
This is my paragraph 2
This is my paragraph 3
This is my paragraph 4
This is my paragraph 5
This is my paragraph 6
This is my paragraph 7
This is my paragraph 8


About
I work as a Front-End Developer in Nigeria. I'm fascinated by UI effects, animations, and the creation of intuitive, dynamic user experiences. Person who is well-organized, a problem solver, and an independent worker who pays close attention to detail. Manchester United supporter who enjoys outdoor activities and watching TV shows.
Front End Engineer & React developer
I'm interested in working on ambitious projects with positive people and am interested in the entire frontend spectrum.
- Website: seyistry.github.com
- Phone: + 234<PHONE_NUMBER>
- City: Lagos, Nigeria
- Degree: Bsc. Computer Science
- Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- Freelance: Available
Facts
Let's work together to create something unique.
Happy Clients
Projects
Hours Of Support
Awards
Skills
I design successful responsive websites that are quick to load, simple to navigate, and built using industry best practices. Front-end development, HTML, CSS, JS, building small and medium web apps, custom plugins, features, animations, and coding interactive layouts are my main areas of expertise.
Portfolio
Here are a few design projects I've worked on recently. Want to see more? Email me.
- All
- App
- Web
Services
Web design, front-end design, user experience (UX), front-end development, web development, and mobile app development are all areas in which I excel.
Testimonials
Contact
Location:
Lagos, Nigeria
Email:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Call:
+ 234<PHONE_NUMBER>


Bagerhat Police station bdcms office
Jessore Police station bdcms office
Shatkhira Police station bdcms office
Khulna Police station bdcms office
Zinaidah Police station bdcms office
Dhadka Police station bdcms office
Mirpur Police station bdcms office
Sylhet Police station bdcms office


# Test Javascript to remove nikkud
Nikkud (also Niqqud) is used in Hebrew to denote vowels.
The diacretical signs can be removed with JavaScript.
Flattening, which means removing text richness such as capitalization and diacretics,
happens by accessing the UTF-8 characters between u0591 and u05C7, and replace the Nikkud.
The output becomes Hebrew without the Nikkud.
Input Hebrew with Nikkud:


Match Play. 0-0 to 5. How should Red play 61?
pips Red=164 White=122
(CorrectAnswer= 0/0, ErrorScore= 0)
24/23*, 22/16 is far too ambitious and leads to too many gammon losses.
Red’s game plan is counter-prime White. The best move to achieve that is 22/16, 6/5. This gives Red good timing and if the blot on the 5-pt is not hit he can hope to build a four-point prime next turn an subsequently extend it
Hitting and escaping is a double blunder. Anything else other than 22/16, 6/5 is at least a bad error. 22/16, 6/5 wins 40% of the time.
The key to this problem is finding the right game plan and then, if possible, executing it.
Red’s game plan is counter-prime White. The best move to achieve that is 22/16, 6/5. This gives Red good timing and if the blot on the 5-pt is not hit he can hope to build a four-point prime next turn an subsequently extend it
Hitting and escaping is a double blunder. Anything else other than 22/16, 6/5 is at least a bad error. 22/16, 6/5 wins 40% of the time.
The key to this problem is finding the right game plan and then, if possible, executing it.
1. Cubeful 2-ply 22/16 6/5 Eq.: -0.291 0.406 0.088 0.003 - 0.594 0.283 0.036 2. Cubeful 2-ply 22/15 Eq.: -0.358 (-0.067) 0.363 0.077 0.002 - 0.637 0.244 0.023 3. Cubeful 2-ply 22/16 13/12 Eq.: -0.366 (-0.075) 0.362 0.077 0.002 - 0.638 0.248 0.026 4. Cubeful 2-ply 22/16 8/7 Eq.: -0.366 (-0.075) 0.359 0.077 0.002 - 0.641 0.243 0.022 5. Cubeful 2-ply 24/23* 22/16 Eq.: -0.405 (-0.113) 0.358 0.088 0.004 - 0.642 0.285 0.018


All objects in this file are user created. The public
key is related entirely to inclusion of custom static files. It's possible to have an object containing only public key in it, as well as object containing an app
key only, or both.
"unique-key-here": {
"app": {
"path": "/absolute/path/to/custom/app.js",
"slug": "unique-slug",
"verbose": "Verbose Name",
"mainview": {
"show": true
}
},
"public": {
"local": {
"path": "/absolute/path/to/custom/public/dir",
"css": [
"/relative/to/above/global.css"
],
"js": [
"/relative/to/above/global.js"
]
},
"external": {
"css": [
"//absolute/url/external.css"
],
"js": [
"//absolute/url/external.js"
]
}
},
"events": "/absolute/path/to/custom/events.js"
}
app.js
fileSee the custom views documentation and the examples
view on GitHub


Tables
| Name | Genre | Release date |
|---|---|---|
| Harry Potter | Adventure | 14 October 2001 |
| X Men | Action, Science fiction | 14 October 2007 |
Striped
| Name | Genre | Release date |
|---|---|---|
| Harry Potter | Adventure | November 2001 |
| X Men | Action, Science fiction | October 2007 |
| Fast & Furious | Action | June 2011 |
| Lord of the rings | Adventure, Action | July 2009 |
Table with-shadow
| Name | Genre | Release date |
|---|---|---|
| Harry Potter | Adventure | 14 October 2001 |
| X Men | Action, Science fiction | 14 October 2007 |
With top background
| Name | Genre | Release date |
|---|---|---|
| Harry Potter | Adventure | 14 October 2001 |
| X Men | Action, Science fiction | 14 October 2007 |


{% include patterns/buttons/button_styles.html %}
{% include patterns/buttons/button_styles_code.html %}
{% include patterns/buttons/button_sizes.html %}
{% include patterns/buttons/button_sizes_code.html %}
{% include patterns/buttons/button_elements.html %}
{% include patterns/buttons/button_elements_code.html %}


--- layout: page title: What We Believe ---
"For the wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is eternal life through Christ Jesus our Lord."
You are not an accident. You are the wonderful creation of God. He made you to love you. The ultimate expression of this love is dying on a cross in your place for breaking His law. Everyone has broken His law and is therefore imperfect. Because God is perfect, we can not be connected with Him in our imperfection or sin. The payment for your sin and the sin of the world has been PAID IN FULL by the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus. However, God doesn’t force a relationship and this free gift of forgiveness upon anyone. Instead God offers it freely to those who accept it. To accept it you simply place your trust in Jesus alone to save you from spiritual death. You can do this right now through a simple prayer like this:
“God I admit that I have broken Your law. I have lived life on my own terms. I accept Your amazing free gift of forgiveness. Thank you Jesus for paying my penalty. I now live for You alone.”
This may seem too easy. You may feel you don’t deserve this kind of gift. That is why it is AMAZING grace. Your salvation is not easy. It was incredibly painful and difficult, but Jesus did it in your place. A gift requires nothing more than acceptance from the beneficiary.
This is the best decision you will ever make. Your next step is to share this decision and connect with others who have trusted Jesus in a Bible based Christian church. Welcome to God’s family.
We affirm the Baptist Faith and Message
We are partnered with the NAMB, the UISBC, and the Salt Lake Baptist Association.