I am currently a Graduate student at
MIMA Lab, Shandong University, advised by Prof.
Xin Luo, co-advised by Prof.
Xin-Shun Xu. Before that, I received my Bachelor’s degree in School of Information Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, China, in 2022, supervised by Associate Professor
Peng Wu,
Jie Su, and Professor
Xiuyang Zhao.
My current research topics are Information Retrieval and deep learning, and I am mainly focused on multi-modal retrieval, online learning, incremental learning, and federated learning.
- 09/2022 -- Now: M.S. Candidates in Artificial Intelligence, MIMA Lab, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- 09/2018 -- 06/2022: B.S. in Network Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
Journal/Trans
Conference
| 001 |
Chong-Yu Zhang, Xin Luo✉, Yu-Wei Zhan, Peng-Fei Zhang, Zhen-Duo Chen, Yongxin Wang, Xun Yang, Xin-Shun Xu
Self-Distillation Dual-Memory Online Hashing with Hash Centers for Streaming Data Retrieval
ACM International Conference on Multimedia (ACM MM, Oral/Poster), 2023
[pdf coming]
[arxiv coming]
[code coming]
|
Preprint
| 001 |
罗昕, 张崇宇, 陈振铎, 许信顺
一种缓解灾难性遗忘的在线哈希检索方法及系统
|
Professional Activities [back top]


avaScript was invented by Brendan Eich in 1995, and became an ECMA standard in 1997. ECMA-262 is the official name of the standard. ECMAScript is the official name of the language.A newspaper is a serial publication containing news about current events, other informative articles about politics, sports, arts, and so on, and advertising.
Newspapers developed in the 17th century, as information sheets for businessmen. By the early 19th century, many cities in Europe, as well as North and
Some newspapers with high editorial.
the official name of the standard


---
layout: post
title: Crystal Corner Bar - Saturday April 22, 2006
date: '2006-04-22T21:00:00.000-05:00'
author: Tom Ray
tags:
modified_time: '2006-04-21T23:00:36.010-05:00'
blogger_id: tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-11319466.post-114567843599868448
blogger_orig_url: http://www.lorenzosmusic.com/2006/04/crystal-corner-bar-saturday-april-22.html
---
with
Dear August
Little Marsh Overflow
at the Crystal Corner Bar in Madison
9:00 pm / $6 cover 21 AND UP


Kiddy Rides
These rides can accommodate adults but are primarily are safe, kid
friendly and highly supervised by our staff, allowing parents spend
quality time with their children,or feel free to roam and experience
the more "intense" rides we have to offer (Ages 5+)
(Click the icon for an interactive guide on available rides!)


Name: {{info.name}}
Repositories: {{info.public_repos}}
Following: {{info.following}}
Followers: {{info.followers}}
Date Created: {{info.created_at | date}}


In the last few weeks, I have been totally burnt out. I have had insane amounts of work to do and been very tired. Just as I finished one set of hurdles, I came to the realization that I had exams in three weeks. I regularly drink Korean Ginseng, but this does not significantly elevate me. I decided to try Ginko Biloba, having heard good things about it from genuinely scientific sources, in particular that it stimulates ATP production. It sounded like just what I needed. I began taking two 60mg capsules every day - one in the morning and one in the evening. That was two weeks ago.
Now, I should tell you that I am usually a person who requires a lot of sleep, a fair amount of relaxation time, etc. in order to be in an energized, mentally clear and alert state.
Well, for the last week I have been living on four hours of sleep per night and I am hardly tired. Relaxation? I have no relaxation. Every waking moment I am doing something constructive. My mental clarity is as good if not better than it is when I have optimal lifestyle conditions, and I have enough energy to do whatever I want to do.
I also noticed that my appetite seems to have dropped: I only eat a small serve for breakfast, lunch and dinner yet am not hungry at all during the day.
In addition, I have noticed a general elevation in mood and have had the will to face any problems that approach me, instead of mentally avoiding them or needlessly worrying.
The effects of the drug are not acute, I do not feel like my head is under any sort of pressure, or like itís raised a foot above my body (a strange point I know, but somehow I unconsciously presumed this is how one would feel when using nootropics). I just begin to notice a dramatic improvement in overall state after about one week.
Thanks to Ginko Biloba I have been able to live like I never thought possible. I feel like Napoleon Bonaparte, the legendry French general who allegedly achieved what he did seldom sleeping and constantly 'on the go'.
Ginko Biloba is a wonderful herb. It has fulfilled all of my expectations and more.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


A current intersting topic is the devlopement oft the total transfer fees in football. This amount has reached a record value in 2018 ( link ). This dashboard tries to visualisze this devlopment.
The world map shows the total transfers fees and amounts of transfers for a certain time period and/or position. Hovering over a country shows the exact amounts in that particular country. Clicking a country updates the other three visualizations according the country selected. The same result can be achieved by selecting the country in the dropdown menu.
By clicking the button in the line chart one sees the development of the total transfer fees over time. Once a selection is made either by one of the dropdown menus or by clicking on one of the other 3 visualizations the line chart will be updated and one can see the "adjusted" development over time. While hovering over the points a tooltip arrives showing the total transfer fees and the top 3 transfers for in the corresponding season. All together one not only sees the devlopment of the total transfer fees over time but also that of the 3 highest amounts.
The bar chart shows the distribution of the total transfer fees either by country or by club of a certain country and therefore tries to explain which country/club have a bigger part in the total transfer fees. While hovering one sees the total amount of transfers and transfer fees per category. If a country is clicked then the sunburst, line graph and the bar chart itself will be updated and if a club is clicked then only the sunburst will be updated.
The sunburst shows the distriution of the total transfer fees in the world according the season and/or position requested by the dropdown menus. While hovering one sees the total transfer fees of the corresponding country or club and it's weight in the total transfer fees for respectively the world and the corresponding country. If a country or club is clicked then the sunbusrt, bar chart and line chart will be updated. With this visualization one can get a more in depth understanding of the distribution of the transfer fees.
Kaggle is an online community of data scientists and machine learners, owned by Google, Inc. Kaggle allows users to find and publish datasets, explore and build models in a web-based data-science environment, work with other data scientists and machine learning engineers, and enter competitions to solve data science challenges.


IPL@2019
Interesting and Exiting
The 2019 season of the Indian Premier League, also known as IPL 12, is the twelth season of the IPL. At one point other countries were considered as host the tournament, due to the Indian general elections. But on 8 January 2019, the BCCI confirmed that the tournament will start on 23 March and take place entirely in India.
Delhi Daredevils have been renamed as the Delhi Capitals, the franchise announced on 4 December 2018. During a function for the announcement of the new name, the franchise also released a new logo. Chennai Super Kings are the defending champions.


Mysterious Wizard:
Heh.
You aspire to walk the path of heroes -- shouldn't you show a little more concern for those in need?
Very well, then -- you may wait here until he arrives.
Unless you have changed your mind?
Say you will perform the task.
Say you have no desire to do so.


A Boundless City
Red clusters
give speed boost and 1
coin
.
Green checkpoints
give 20 seconds to time limit and +1 to
coin
multiplier.
Space
toggles pause.
Q
toggles quality (specifically antialiasing). M toggles music. R restarts the game.


About Project Usus
You ended up on maxbechtold.github.io
Probably you're here on purpose and need no further instructions


AssignForce is a space management application inspired by the current business need to track virtual rooms and the future need for physical room reservations. Whether you need to schedule a room for a 15 minute meeting or need to reserve a room for a specific cohort - AssignForce has you covered.
Trainers, in addition to registering for an account, can create, view, and edit their reservations. Admins gain additional permissions to manage available spaces on the Admin Dashboard, and resolve all trainer account registration requests for the application.


Setting up basic Linux navigation and file management in all distros, Linux Basics, System Tools
Basic Linux Navigation and File Management - ALL DISTROS
Difficulty: 1
Time: 15 minutes
In this article, we will assist you to understand the basic Linux navigation and file management in all distros. To perform this task, we are assuming that the user has sudo
privileges.
Find where you are in a directory
- To find the present location of any directory, type:
pwd
The result should look like this:
/home/username
Look at the contents of directories
Use the ls
command to view the contents of directories.
- To change the directory, type:
cd /usr/share
- To list all the directories and files, type:
ls
The output will be shown as:
- To find all of the information about permissions of all directories and files, type:
ls –l
The output will be shown as:
- To get a listing of all files, including hidden files and directories, type:
ls -al
The output will be shown as:
View files
- To view a specific file, type:
less /etc/services
The output will be shown as:
- To scroll in the output file, press the up arrow and down arrow keys on the keyboard.
- To scroll one page up the screen, press either the Ctrl-B or Page Up keys on the keyboard.
- To scroll one page down the screen, press either Control/Ctrl+F, the spacebar, or the Page Down key on the keyboard.
- To search something like
mail
in this file, type:
/mail
- To exit the file, type:
/q
- To display the content of a particular file, type:
cat file1
- To display top 10 lines of a particular file, type:
Head /etc/services
- To display last 10 lines of a particular file, type:
Tail /etc/services
Work with files and directories
There are several commands that can create files and directories.
- To create an empty file with the name and location that you specify, type.
sudo touch file1
- To create multiple files at the same time, type:
sudo touch file1 file2 file3 file4
- To create a directory, type:
sudo mkdir test
- To create nested directories, type:
sudo mkdir –P /test/share/example
- To rename directories and file, type either:
sudo mv test share //for directories
sudo mv file1 example1 // for files
- To copy directories and files, type:
sudo cp -rvf test again // for directories
sudo cp //source path //destination path
For example:
sudo cp –rvf /etc/services /use/file1
-r
means recursive
-v
means visible
-f
means forcedly
- To remove files directories, type the appropriate command:
sudo rm –rvf /etc/services.txt // for files
sudo rmdir –rvf /etc/test //for directories
-r
means recursive
-v
means visible
-f
means forcedly
Edit files
- Open a file, type:
sudo vim /etc/services
-
- To go into insert mode and make changes whatever you want, press the I key.
- To go into maintenance mode, press ESC.
- To save the file, type:
:wq!
- To exit without saving the file, type:
:q!
Conclusion
In this article, we reviewed the steps involved with the basic Linux navigation and file management in all distros.


public abstract class SorterTemplate extends Object
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
SorterTemplate
()
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
protected abstract int
|
compare
(int i,
int j)
Compares slots
i
and
j
of you data.
|
protected abstract int
|
comparePivot
(int j)
Implements the compare function for the previously stored pivot value.
|
void
|
insertionSort
(int lo,
int hi)
Sorts via stable in-place InsertionSort algorithm
(ideal for small collections which are mostly presorted).
|
void
|
mergeSort
(int lo,
int hi)
Sorts via stable in-place MergeSort algorithm
For small collections falls back to
insertionSort(int,int)
.
|
void
|
quickSort
(int lo,
int hi)
Sorts via in-place, but unstable, QuickSort algorithm.
|
protected abstract void
|
setPivot
(int i)
Implement this method, that stores the value of slot
i
as pivot value
|
protected abstract void
|
swap
(int i,
int j)
Implement this method, that swaps slots
i
and
j
in your data
|
protected abstract void swap(int i, int j)
i
and
j
in your data
protected abstract int compare(int i, int j)
i
and
j
of you data.
Should be implemented like
valueOf(i)
.compareTo(
valueOf(j)
)
protected abstract void setPivot(int i)
i
as pivot value
protected abstract int comparePivot(int j)
pivot.compareTo(
valueOf(j)
)
public final void insertionSort(int lo, int hi)
public final void quickSort(int lo, int hi)
insertionSort(int,int)
.
public final void mergeSort(int lo, int hi)
insertionSort(int,int)
.


|
| | SPlane3 () |
| |
| | SPlane3 (const Vector &MPoint, const Vector &Normal) |
| |
| | SPlane3 (T px, T py, T pz, T nx, T ny, T nz) |
| |
| | SPlane3 (Vector const &point1, Vector const &point2, Vector const &point3) |
| |
| | SPlane3 (Vector const &normal, const T d) |
| |
| void | SetPlane (Vector const &point, Vector const &nvector) |
| |
| void | SetPlane (Vector const &nvect, T d) |
| |
| void | SetPlane (Vector const &point1, Vector const &point2, Vector const &point3) |
| |
| bool | GetIntersectionWithLine (Vector const &linePoint, Vector const &lineVect, Vector &outIntersection) const |
| | Get an intersection with a 3d line. More...
|
| |
| T | GetKnownIntersectionWithLine (Vector const &linePoint1, Vector const &linePoint2) const |
| | Get percentage of line between two points where an intersection with this plane happens. More...
|
| |
| bool | GetIntersectionWithLimitedLine (Vector const &linePoint1, Vector const &linePoint2, Vector &outIntersection) const |
| | Get an intersection with a 3d line, limited between two 3d points. More...
|
| |
| EIntersectionRelation | ClassifyPointRelation (Vector const &point) const |
| | Classifies the relation of a point to this plane. More...
|
| |
| void | RecalculateD (const Vector &MPoint) |
| | Recalculates the distance from origin by applying a new member point to the plane. More...
|
| |
| Vector | GetMemberPoint () const |
| | Gets a member point of the plane. More...
|
| |
| bool | ExistsIntersection (const SPlane3< T > &other) const |
| | Tests if there is an intersection with the other plane. More...
|
| |
| bool | GetIntersectionWithPlane (const SPlane3< T > &other, Vector &outLinePoint, Vector &outLineVect) const |
| | Intersects this plane with another. More...
|
| |
| bool | GetIntersectionWithPlanes (const SPlane3< T > &o1, const SPlane3< T > &o2, Vector &outPoint) const |
| | Get the intersection point with two other planes if there is one. More...
|
| |
| bool | IsFrontFacing (const Vector &lookDirection) const |
| | Test if the triangle would be front or backfacing from any point. More...
|
| |
| T | GetDistanceTo (const Vector &point) const |
| | Get the distance to a point. More...
|
| |
template<typename T, typename Vector = vec3<T>>
| bool ion::SPlane3< T, Vector >::IsFrontFacing |
( |
const Vector & |
lookDirection | ) |
const |
|
inline |
Test if the triangle would be front or backfacing from any point.
Thus, this method assumes a camera position from which the triangle is definitely visible when looking into the given direction. Note that this only works if the normal is Normalized. Do not use this method with points as it will give wrong results!
- Parameters
-
| lookDirection | Look direction. |
- Returns
- True if the plane is front facing and false if it is backfacing.


Welcome to Your Dream Island
Add to Dreamy List
Add to Island
Islander
Dreamy List
Currently on my island


Binary
Save POP
Thumbnails
24x24
36x36
200x80
Information
Title
Author
Version
Description
Screenshots
Take Screenshot


Footnotes can be produced in one of two ways. They can be produced with one command, the \footnote command. They can also be produced with two commands, the \footnotemark and the \footnotetext commands. See the specific commands, below, for information on why you would use one rather than another.
Note that footnotes associated with "floated objects" like tables or figures may have a problem insofar as the footnote might not follow the floated object. This can be alleviated by putting the object inside a minipage environment.
See also Counters
Return to LaTeX Table of Contents


2 writes to Helper
System.Management.Automation (2)
engine\remoting\client\Job.cs (2)
2769
Helper
= helper;
2803
Helper
= helper;
5 references to Helper
System.Management.Automation (5)
engine\remoting\client\Job.cs (5)
1961
if (child.
Helper
.Equals(helper))
2876
_throttleManager.StopOperation(
Helper
);
3255
DeterminedAndSetJobState(
Helper
);
3495
StopAggregateResultsFromHelper(
Helper
);
3497
IThrottleOperation operation =
Helper
as IThrottleOperation;


R clients to the 'Web of Science' and 'InCites' <https://clarivate.com/products/data-integration/> APIs, which allow you to programmatically download publication and citation data indexed in the 'Web of Science' and 'InCites' databases.
| Version: | 0.3.0 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 3.1) |
| Imports: | httr, xml2, jsonlite, pbapply, utils, tools |
| Suggests: | testthat, knitr, rmarkdown, dplyr |
| Published: | 2018-11-02 |
| Author: | Christopher Baker [aut, cre] |
| Maintainer: | Christopher Baker <chriscrewbaker at gmail.com> |
| BugReports: | https://github.com/vt-arc/wosr/issues |
| License: | MIT + file LICENSE |
| URL: | https://vt-arc.github.io/wosr/index.html |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Materials: | README NEWS |
| CRAN checks: | wosr results |
| Reference manual: | wosr.pdf |
| Package source: | wosr_0.3.0.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: wosr_0.3.0.zip, r-release: wosr_0.3.0.zip, r-oldrel: wosr_0.3.0.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: wosr_0.3.0.tgz, r-oldrel: wosr_0.3.0.tgz |
| Old sources: | wosr archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=wosr to link to this page.


The Generator class is an abstract class that provides the skeleton for producing different types of metrics.
It drives the production of the metrics through a template method - generate_result(options={}). This method calls emit, analyze and to_h in order to produce the metrics.
To implement a concrete class to generate a metric, therefore, the class must implement those three methods.
emit should take care of running the metric tool and gathering its output.
analyze should take care of manipulating the output from emit and making it possible to store it in a programmatic way.
to_h should provide a hash representation of the output from analyze ready to be serialized into yaml at some point.
Based on the class name of the concrete class implementing a Generator, the Generator class will create a ‘::metric_directory’ named after the metric under the scratch_directory, where any output from the emit method should go.
It will also create the output_directory if neccessary, and in general setup the directory structure that the MetricFu system expects.
@return all subclassed generators [Array<MetricFu::Generator>]
# File lib/metric_fu/metrics/generator.rb, line 51 def self.generators @generators end
# File lib/metric_fu/metrics/generator.rb, line 59 def self.get_generator(metric) generators.find{|generator|generator.metric.to_s == metric.to_s.downcase} end
# File lib/metric_fu/metrics/generator.rb, line 63 def self.inherited(subclass) @generators << subclass end
# File lib/metric_fu/metrics/generator.rb, line 41 def self.metric not_implemented end
Returns the directory where the Generator will write any output
# File lib/metric_fu/metrics/generator.rb, line 68 def self.metric_directory @metric_directory ||= MetricFu::Metric.get_metric(metric).run_options[:output_directory] || begin metric_directory = MetricFu::Io::FileSystem.scratch_directory(metric) MetricFu::Utility.mkdir_p(metric_directory, :verbose => false) end end
# File lib/metric_fu/metrics/generator.rb, line 37 def initialize(options={}) @options = options end
# File lib/metric_fu/metrics/generator.rb, line 136 def self.not_implemented raise <<-EOF Required method #{caller[0]} not implemented in #{__FILE__}. This method must be implemented by a concrete class descending from Generator. See generator class documentation for more information. EOF end
Provides a template method to drive the production of a metric from a concrete implementation of this class. Each concrete class must implement the three methods that this template method calls: emit, analyze and to_h. For more details, see the class documentation.
This template method also calls before_emit, after_emit… etc. methods to allow extra hooks into the processing methods, and help to keep the logic of your Generators clean.
# File lib/metric_fu/metrics/generator.rb, line 112 def generate_result mf_debug "Executing #{metric}" emit analyze to_h end
# File lib/metric_fu/metrics/generator.rb, line 45 def metric self.class.metric end
# File lib/metric_fu/metrics/generator.rb, line 95 def metric_config MetricFu::Metric.get_metric(metric) end
@return [String] The path of the metric directory this class is using.
# File lib/metric_fu/metrics/generator.rb, line 79 def metric_directory self.class.metric_directory end
# File lib/metric_fu/metrics/generator.rb, line 83 def remove_excluded_files(paths, globs_to_remove = MetricFu::Io::FileSystem.file_globs_to_ignore) files_to_remove = [] globs_to_remove.each do |glob| files_to_remove.concat(Dir[glob]) end paths - files_to_remove end
# File lib/metric_fu/metrics/generator.rb, line 119 def round_to_tenths(decimal) decimal = 0.0 if decimal.to_s.eql?('NaN') (decimal * 10).round / 10.0 end
# File lib/metric_fu/metrics/generator.rb, line 99 def run!(args) metric_config.run_external(args) end


Your agent is currently training. Please be patient! This process may take a
while. As long as the application does not produce an error, your agent is still actively being
trained.
{{ username }}'s ML Agents
List of ML Agents
Name
Type
Description
Status
Train
Edit
Delete
{% for agent in agents %}
{{agent.name}}
{{agent.agent_type.name}}
{{agent.description}}
{{agent.status}}
{% if agent.external_set_key or agent.dataset %}
{% else %}
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
Delete agent
You are about to delete the agent Agent Name.
This action CANNOT BE UNDONE.


HackTrain:
/'hak'treɪn/
noun.
The HackTrain is a platform that introduces technology innovation to the railway industry through a proven
3-step innovation cycle. We are a group of visionary innovators with the mission to make the UK the leading hub for
#RailTech innovation.
We have relased the B.A.R.R.I.E.R.S. report Check it out >>
1
HackTrain Hackathon
An immersive 48-hour event that brings together 120 top developers, designers and entrepreneurs from around the world. Participants work throughout a weekend building websites, apps and software that solve problems in the railway industry.
2
RailTech Accelerator
We find early-stage technology companies that already solve challenges similar to the ones in rail, but in different industries. We provide them with funding, connections, and an accelerated opportunity to run trials in trains, stations apps and websites.
3
Digital Transformation
We take successful accelerator trials to the next step through digital transformation projects. By pipelining multiple technologies, and partnering with system integrators, the HackTrain delivers industry-wide and network-wide projects.


Choose game Size
TO PLAY WITHOUT WINNING, IS TO TALK WITHOUT THINKING
Choose your side!
Choose who starts!


---
layout: post
title: Earth day
date: '2014-03-29T02:17:26+01:00'
categories:
- Klare Lijn — Ligne Claire
- Illustration
- Ello Mobile
picture_url: https://film-Storyboards.tumblr.com/post/81054288121/earth-day
---
Inked drawing for Ello Mobile’s Facebook page.


Justin Bieber
on 2012-09-19 11:38:33
Heya just wanted to give you a quick heads up and let you know a few of the pictures aren't loading correctly. I'm
not sure why but I think its a linking issue. I've tried it in two different browsers and both show the same results.
????? ???
on 2012-05-06 09:29:03
I have a lot to benefit from this article and thank you for this wonderful effort to this article and will continue my many articles you have other
Bydracrarkano
on 2011-01-16 04:23:42
Philip Peterson
on 2010-11-16 20:49:14
@Kevin van Zonneveld: Might want to know that your test URL, http://kevin.vanzonneveld.net/pj_test_supportfile_1.htm, is bork'd (redirects to the main page).
chechu
on 2010-11-10 08:42:02
function dato(){
var dato = document.getElementById('tag').innerHTML=file_get_contents('archivo.php');
}
setInterval("dato()",10000);
FF ok , IE ERROR.
Internet Explorer does not work, how to make it work?
chechu
on 2010-11-10 00:34:55
How I can make file_get_contents funcnione in Internet Explorer?
Thanks
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
¿como puedo hacer que file_get_contents funcnione en internet explorer?
Gracias
?????
on 2010-09-19 06:47:40
My host can not use this fuction
but thanks
Brett Zamir
on 2010-02-19 07:11:09
@Jack Mason: Yeah, sometimes it take a while for the site to reflect the source, but in this case, at least by the time I got to it, it looks like they are the same? Anyhow, hope your issue is now settled. So, you're making use of the context fields?
Jack Mason
on 2010-02-17 21:29:20
The code above is not the same as the raw source, so users need to insure they pull down the raw source.
Jack Mason
on 2010-02-17 20:43:12
Line 177 appears to be an "if" without a "true" clause because "req.sendAsBinary(content);" is commented out. Is this the way it is supposed to be?
Leosek
on 2010-01-09 12:50:02
Here is the error:
Error: uncaught exception: [Exception... "Component returned failure code: 0x80004005 (NS_ERROR_FAILURE) [nsIXMLHttpRequest.send]" nsresult: "0x80004005 (NS_ERROR_FAILURE)" location: "JS frame :: file:///C:/jscript/test_last.html :: file_get_contents :: line 227" data: no]
and line 227 is accidentally the same as line 227 on this page
Brett Zamir
on 2010-01-09 03:30:38
Firefox is the browser I usually use for testing, unless someone reports a bug elsewhere. What problem(s) were you having? Some sample code maybe? When in Firefox, what errors are you getting in Tools->Error Console ?
Leosek
on 2010-01-09 01:12:29
Hi, is this function tested in other than IE-based browsers? I'm not able to make it work in e.g. firefox, opera, google chrome. In IE it works fine.
thanks
Kevin van Zonneveld
on 2009-12-14 15:38:05
@ Eligio: Be sure to let us know when you find a bug!
Eligio
on 2009-12-03 23:36:03
wow, that save me from coding...time for testing. thanks
Brett Zamir
on 2009-06-21 03:21:10
@Jeffrey: I see in the XMLHttpRequest draft at the W3C that overrideMimeType() is not yet standardized on. It should work in at least Firefox, so you can confirm for yourself that it works there, but I'm not familiar with support elsewhere, so it looks like that won't be a robust solution for now.
Also, the scheme the spec mentions for handling character sets indeed does not inspect on the <meta/> tags to detect character set (though HTML 5 still will! http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/#attr-meta-http-equiv-content-type ), so unless someone complains to the spec team and they accept a change, XMLHttpRequest() doesn't look like it will ever automatically handle meta tag encodings with responseText by the looks of things. (DOMParser() is being discussed as a standardization candidate, which could perhaps, if given a "text/html" argument, check for meta encodings, but that is not implemented or agreed upon.)
If you are talking about a regular website (and not privileged JS like in a browser extension), you need to be in control of the targeted website anyways (we don't have cross-domain support implemented in file_get_contents() yet, and it requires explicit server permissions anyways).
So, it looks like your options are:
1) get the site to either: A) upgrade to utf8 (best solution for everyone and most future proof solution) or, B) to at least send a header which indicates the current character set they are using. This can be easily done in the likes of PHP by adding a line at the top of your PHP script like this (should be before even any whitespace is sent by the browser, so make sure your beginning <?php ...?> block is not preceded by whitespace or HTML, and if it is, add a PHP block with the following line before it):
"header('Content-Type: text/html;charset=gb2312)" (replacing "gb2312" with the character set being sent out by the website in its meta tag)
2) find a JS conversion algorithm of the site's character set into Unicode (be sure to share it here if you do!--unicode_encode() could use this: http://php.net/manual/en/function.unicode-encode.php --although we already have utf8_encode() implemented, that only works for Latin-1)). But as with overrideMimeType(), you'll need to know, guess, or extract the character set to make the conversion.
Jeffrey Brown
on 2009-06-20 20:24:26
@Brett: Thanks for looking into this. I just tried inserting that line (req.overrideMimeType...) in the function and received the error "Object doesn't support this property or method."
Brett Zamir
on 2009-06-20 11:51:41
@Jeffrey Brown: I believe the issue is probably due to Ajax having trouble detecting the correct MIME type. For example, in Firefox, when I use file_get_contents() on http://www.sina.com , a Chinese website in the gb2312 encoding, I also get question marks (though if you load it in the browser, it is ok). I don't have the same problem when loading a file which has the proper character encoding set in the server's response header: e.g., http://bahai-academic.hk/?langu=zh-CN
While I would have thought that setting a header like "Accept-Charset" would work (you can set headers through the stream context argument in file_get_contents() if need be), it didn't. It seems, at least in cases where the website doesn't set a content type header (when the browser can only get the encoding by parsing the text for meta tags, etc.) one must instead actually manually override the mime type (how the content is treated after it is returned from the server):
req.overrideMimeType('text/html; charset=gb2312');
I'm not sure how to best implement this in file_get_contents(). I think we might solve this by adding our own custom option to the stream context which allowed overriding the mime type instead of just sending an (optional) request header. Maybe we can name the option "phpjs.overrideMimeType"?
Jeffrey Brown
on 2009-06-20 10:12:54
Whenever I call this I get question marks for anything with ascii value over 127
Brett Zamir
on 2009-05-15 00:16:27
@Caleb and Ben: Sorry we missed your question, Caleb, and thanks for answering Ben.
What Ben said is true, but as of Firefox 3.5 (and possibly other newer browsers, though no doubt not Explorer yet), it is possible for servers to indicate they are willing to accept certain Ajax from other sites, but they have to do so explicitly: https://developer.mozilla.org/En/HTTP_Access_Control
Another client-side alternative (though more challenging for a beginner) is to use the JavaScript inside of an extension or widget which has privileges, or use "signed" JavaScript in HTML for which permission is required from the user (though this may only work in certain browsers). In such a case, access can take place cross-site, but it is something a bit more involved and may not work in all browsers.
Actually, come to think of it, we might be able to ask for signed privileges from the user (for regular HTML JavaScript) in the function if the request doesn't work...But again, this will require permission from the user and not necessarily work in all browsers.
It's funny you all mention this now because I'm trying to add support for this function to work client-side in Firefox extensions by using the stream "context" argument in file_get_contents() to set up Mozilla-specific configuration, though this could also work for other HTML situations (e.g., controlling the headers and request type used for file_get_contents()). I can let you know how it goes if I can get it going, though there are a number of pieces to put together first before it can work.
Ben
on 2009-05-14 18:27:04
@Caleb: Ajax is limted to not work accross domains. You will have to do that server side.
Kevin van Zonneveld
on 2009-01-25 13:53:38
@ Brett Zamir: Fair enough.. Added
Brett Zamir
on 2009-01-19 14:56:22
Here's another dependent to file_get_contents()... I've tried to make it more useful for JavaScript by not eliminating newlines (since they could be used without semicolons). I'm guessing there could be aspects I've missed, especially if you're trying to be able to operate on PHP code.
// You could use this for testing based on the PHP example, but note comment above
str = "<?php\n"+
"// PHP comment here\n"+
"\n"+
"/*\n"+
" * Another PHP comment\n"+
" */\n"+
"\n"+
"echo php_strip_whitespace(__FILE__);\n"+
"// Newlines are considered whitespace, and are removed too:\n"+
"do_nothing();"+
"?>";
// Depends on file_get_contents()
function php_strip_whitespace (file) {
try {
var str = file_get_contents(file);
}
catch (e) {
return '';
}
// Strip comments (both styles), reduce non-newline whitespace to one, reduce multiple newlines (preceded by any whitespace) to a newline, remove WS at beginning of line, and at end of line
return str.replace(/\/\/.*?\n/g, '').replace(/\/\*[^]*?\*\//g, '').replace(/[ \f\r\t\v\u00A0\u2028\u2029]+/g, ' ').replace(/\s*\n+/g, '\n').replace(/^\s+/gm, '').replace(/\s*$/gm, '');
}
alert(php_strip_whitespace('http://kevin.vanzonneveld.net/code/php_equivalents/php.namespaced.js'))
Kevin van Zonneveld
on 2009-01-14 11:15:27
@ Brett Zamir & Onno Marsman: Sorry Onno... Added :)
Brett Zamir
on 2009-01-13 20:24:18
Here's a function that depends on file_get_contents(). Note that I did not implement its second argument (for an include path), since local files aren't supported anyways. This is a fun one to play around with actually.
function get_meta_tags (file) {
var fulltxt = file_get_contents(file).match(/^[^]*<\/head>/i);
/* Kevin, you could use this for testing instead of the line above:
var fulltxt = '<meta name="author" content="name">'+
'<meta name="keywords" content="php documentation">'+
'<meta name="DESCRIPTION" content="a php manual">'+
'<meta name="geo.position" content="49.33;-86.59">'+
'</head>';*/
var patt = /<meta[^>]*?>/gim;
var txt, match, name, arr={};
while ((txt = patt.exec(fulltxt)) != null) {
var patt1 = /<meta\s+.*?name\s*=\s*(['"]?)(.*?)\1\s+.*?content\s*=\s*(['"]?)(.*?)\3/gim;
while ((match = patt1.exec(txt)) != null) {
name = match[2].replace(/\W/g, '_').toLowerCase();
arr[name] = match[4];
}
var patt2 = /<meta\s+.*?content\s*=\s*(['"?])(.*?)\1\s+.*?name\s*=\s*(['"]?)(.*?)\3/gim;
while ((match = patt2.exec(txt)) != null) {
name = match[4].replace(/\W/g, '_').toLowerCase();
arr[name] = match[2];
}
}
return arr;
}
Kevin van Zonneveld
on 2008-11-13 23:07:03
Enrique GonzÃ¡lez: Cool Enrique! Thanks a LOT!
Enrique González
on 2008-11-10 18:39:59
With JS it is not posible to retrieve a local file using file() or file_get_contents(), so it may be useful to use this same method using HEAD instead of GET to have the equivalent to filesize or file_exists
function filesize( url ) {
var req = null;
try { req = new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP"); } catch (e) {
try { req = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); } catch (e) {
try { req = new XMLHttpRequest(); } catch(e) {}
}
}
if (req == null) throw new Error('XMLHttpRequest not supported');
req.open ('HEAD',url,false);
req.send (null);
return req.getResponseHeader('Content-Length');
}
function file_exists( url ) {
var req = null;
try { req = new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP"); } catch (e) {
try { req = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); } catch (e) {
try { req = new XMLHttpRequest(); } catch(e) {}
}
}
if (req == null) throw new Error('XMLHttpRequest not supported');
// HEAD Results are usually shorter (faster) than GET
req.open ('HEAD',url,false);
req.send (null);
if (req.status ==200){ return true;}
else {return false;}
}
I'm not quite sure if this functions fit correctly in php.js. Both functions won't work with http files in php, but as I said before, php works with local files and js does not, so working with remote http files may be somehow equivalent.
Also the file_exists function may have different answers. Status code 200 means something exists, 404 it doesn't, but there are lot's of codes that mean different things.
Kevin van Zonneveld
on 2008-10-02 23:56:34
@ Adnan Siddiqi: That is correct. Browser will prevent that because it's considered a security risk.
@ Philippe Baumann: Good to see you back! Don't forget to checkout work in progress at: http://phpjs.org That site will have much better submit features! Added your functions btw, thanks!
Philippe Baumann
on 2008-10-02 21:55:19
Just found this project again and wanted to see how it's going. I'm very impressed how much this library has grown since.
I've found the following two functions in my development folder. Admittedly, they're not used very often and I also didn't really come up with the first one myself, but you might still find them a nice addition:
/*
string dechex ( int $number )
Returns a string containing a hexadecimal representation of the given number argument.
The largest number that can be converted is<PHONE_NUMBER> in decimal resulting to "ffffffff".
*/
function dechex(number)
{
return number.toString(16);
}
/*
number hexdec ( string $hex_string )
Returns the decimal equivalent of the hexadecimal number represented by the hex_string argument.
hexdec() converts a hexadecimal string to a decimal number.
hexdec() will ignore any non-hexadecimal characters it encounters.
*/
function hexdec(hex_string)
{
hex_string = (hex_string+'').replace(/[^a-f0-9]/gi, '');
return parseInt(hex_string, 16);
}
By the way: Is there a better way to chat and submit functions than posting in the article for another function?
Adnan Siddiqi
on 2008-10-02 11:38:13
It won't work for cross domain calls
Kevin van Zonneveld
on 2008-07-18 08:58:02
Glad you found this helpful. I you want you can always help me spread the word on this project :)
Kyle Itterly
on 2008-07-03 19:13:58
Just wanted to thank you for the javascript file_get_contents function, works great and was well documented. Unfortunately this reference was elusive on my google search of "read file javascript" and a lot of others were looking for something like this too based on that query.
Caleb
on 2009-02-27 20:24:55
I'm having a wee problem; this doesn't appear to work cross-domains. Is that a limitation of this method?


A bit about me!
Hi! I'm currently coming to the end of a 12 year career in the British Armed forces and wanting to progress my career into Digital Project Management. I am AgilePM and Pronce2 qualified. Im also studying towards a BSc in Digital Technology, Design and Innovation. Codeschool is giving me some code skills as well which I'm really enjoying!


13+ Nike Green Logo Background. Can't find what you are looking for? One of the world's largest manufacturers of sports equipment, shoes, and apparel, nike who designed the nike logo?
Nike also owned bauer hockey (later renamed nike bauer) between 1995 and 2008, and previously owned cole haan and umbro. One of the reasons that allow the simple and fluid swoosh logo to embody success is its extraordinary ability to. Search more hd transparent nike logo image on kindpng.
Free to use when subscribed to this channel.
.icons halloween holidays icons internet icons iphone logos media icons medical miscellaneous money motorola nike green logo icon. One of the reasons that allow the simple and fluid swoosh logo to embody success is its extraordinary ability to. Please consider to credit this video when you use our content. Here you can explore hq nike transparent illustrations, icons and clipart with filter setting like size, type, color etc.


|
Third ReichFirst of all, why does this qualify as the "Third" Reich? Were there Nazis in the past? Well, no. The "First" Reich is the Holy Roman Empire of 962 A.D.; perhaps you've heard of it. The "Second" Reich is the German empire of 1871 to 1918, which was fallen with World War I. So it would be natural, in declaring the beginning of a thousand-year reign, to call yourself the Third.The mistake often made in describing the crimes and actions of the Third Reich is to somehow dehumanize them, turn all the players into demons and monsters, the same techniques used by the Nazis themselves to target and exterminate Jews and other undesirables. To dehumanize Nazis is to turn them into archetypes as opposed to functioning humans; it sets us up to be "surprised" again when traits of the Nazis show up elsewhere, in other places, at a lessened level but with the same misguided goals and logic behind them. See also: Swastika, World War II, Holocaust, Adolf Hitler, and Hitler Diaries.
Nazi Gold
|


Use the tables below to specify which methods are update and/or query methods. The names are matched with
the beginning of the method name. Query methods which return their result are automatically detected, only
query methods which return their result in an argument (e.g. write to OutputStream
) need to be specified.
Example:
Suppose you have your custom FixedStack
class with method store()
:
public class FixedStack<T> extends Collection<T> { public T store(T t) { // implementation } }
You can add store
to the update methods table in order to report mismatched queries like:
void test(int i) { FixedStack<Integer> stack = new FixedStack<>(); stack.store(i); }


This is a test page
Demo with youtube & dailymotion config.
Simple example
Example with autoscale width (fill width of parent container)
Example with custom thumbnail + params (video starts muted at 21s)
Daily motion video
Twitch channel embed


|
DSL-ABM
|
#include "infection_tests.h"
Typedefs | |
| using | dist_sampling = double(Infection::*)() |
| using | age_rates_setter = void(Infection::*)(const std::map< std::string, double >) |
| using | age_rates_getter = const std::map< std::string, std::tuple< int, int, double >> &(Infection::*)() const |
| using | age_rates_caller = bool(Infection::*)(int, bool) |
| using | age_rates_caller_no_bool = bool(Infection::*)(int) |
Functions | |
| bool | infection_transmission_test () |
| Tests functionality related to infection transmission. More... | |
| bool | infection_out_test () |
| Tests Infection ostream operator overload/print capabilities. More... | |
| bool | infection_misc_test () |
| Tests for various unclassified functionality. More... | |
| bool | check_mortality_rates (Infection &infection) |
| Test if generated mortality rates correspond to actual. More... | |
| bool | check_hospitalization_rates (Infection &infection) |
| Test if generated hospitalization rates correspond to actual. More... | |
| bool | check_ICU_rates (Infection &infection) |
| Test if generated ICU rates correspond to actual. More... | |
| bool | check_age_dependent_rates (age_rates_setter set_rates, age_rates_getter get_rates, age_rates_caller call, Infection &infection, std::map< std::string, double > raw_rates, std::map< std::string, std::tuple< int, int, double >> expected_rates) |
| Function for checking different types of age-dependent rates. More... | |
| bool | check_age_dependent_rates (age_rates_setter set_rates, age_rates_getter get_rates, age_rates_caller_no_bool call, Infection &infection, std::map< std::string, double > raw_rates, std::map< std::string, std::tuple< int, int, double >> expected_rates) |
| Function for checking different types of age-dependent rates. More... | |
| bool | check_exposed_never_sy (Infection &infection) |
| Test if implementation of age-dependent exposed never symptomatic probabiity is correct. More... | |
| bool | check_non_icu_mortality (Infection &infection) |
| Tests for mortality. More... | |
| bool | check_distribution (dist_sampling dist, Infection &infection, double exp_mean) |
| Test sampling of an infection distribution against expected mean. More... | |
| bool | check_simple_distributions (Infection &infection, std::vector< double > probabilities) |
| Verification for single number distributions. More... | |
| bool | check_random_ID (Infection &infection) |
| Verification of functionality for generating random IDs. More... | |
| bool | check_testing_wait_distribution (Infection &infection) |
| Verification of testing wait time functionality. More... | |
| int | main () |
| using age_rates_caller = bool (Infection::*)(int, bool) |
| using age_rates_caller_no_bool = bool (Infection::*)(int) |
| using age_rates_getter = const std::map<std::string, std::tuple<int, int, double>>& (Infection::*)() const |
| using age_rates_setter = void (Infection::*)(const std::map<std::string, double>) |
| using dist_sampling = double (Infection::*)() |
| bool check_age_dependent_rates | ( | age_rates_setter | set_rates, |
| age_rates_getter | get_rates, | ||
| age_rates_caller | call, | ||
| Infection & | infection, | ||
| std::map< std::string, double > | raw_rates, | ||
| std::map< std::string, std::tuple< int, int, double >> | expected_rates | ||
| ) |
Function for checking different types of age-dependent rates.
| bool check_age_dependent_rates | ( | age_rates_setter | set_rates, |
| age_rates_getter | get_rates, | ||
| age_rates_caller_no_bool | call, | ||
| Infection & | infection, | ||
| std::map< std::string, double > | raw_rates, | ||
| std::map< std::string, std::tuple< int, int, double >> | expected_rates | ||
| ) |
Function for checking different types of age-dependent rates.
| bool check_distribution | ( | dist_sampling | dist, |
| Infection & | infection, | ||
| double | exp_mean | ||
| ) |
Test sampling of an infection distribution against expected mean.
| bool check_exposed_never_sy | ( | Infection & | infection | ) |
Test if implementation of age-dependent exposed never symptomatic probabiity is correct.
| bool check_hospitalization_rates | ( | Infection & | infection | ) |
Test if generated hospitalization rates correspond to actual.
| bool check_ICU_rates | ( | Infection & | infection | ) |
Test if generated ICU rates correspond to actual.
| bool check_mortality_rates | ( | Infection & | infection | ) |
Test if generated mortality rates correspond to actual.
| bool check_non_icu_mortality | ( | Infection & | infection | ) |
Tests for mortality.
| bool check_random_ID | ( | Infection & | infection | ) |
Verification of functionality for generating random IDs.
| bool check_simple_distributions | ( | Infection & | infection, |
| std::vector< double > | probabilities | ||
| ) |
Verification for single number distributions.
| bool check_testing_wait_distribution | ( | Infection & | infection | ) |
Verification of testing wait time functionality.
| bool infection_misc_test | ( | ) |
Tests for various unclassified functionality.
| bool infection_out_test | ( | ) |
Tests Infection ostream operator overload/print capabilities.
| bool infection_transmission_test | ( | ) |
Tests functionality related to infection transmission.
| int main | ( | ) |


Build better (web)applications
with TypeScript
Current usages javascript
- Power backends
- Create web applications
- Create hybrid mobile applications
- Architect cloud solutions
- Design neural networks
- Control robots
- Many more
Harmony? ECMAScript 2015? Babel?
Popular options.
Includes: classes, lexical scope, lambda...
Lacks …
- Interfaces
- Dynamic module affinity (System.js, Require.js, etc.)
- External library definitions
- Generics
TypeScript
Javascript that scales
TypeScript is a typed superset of JavaScript that
compiles to plain JavaScript.
Any browser. Any host. Any OS. Open source.
A Superset of JavaScript called Typescript
- All features of javascript are available
- Types and type checking
- Interfaces
Primary benefits of Typescript
- more reliable codebase
- more sustainable codebase
- more scalable codebase
- Better developer experience
- Enhance Javascript but not replace it
Real World
🔎 Discovery
Intent is clearer with types and interfaces.
Real World
📄 Documentation
Libraries make it easier to discover and learn how to use APIs.
Real World
🥇 Version Safety
Use the latest language syntax even when targeting older browsers.
Real World
🔐 Development Time Security
Less "fat-finger", catch bugs earlier in the cycle.
Real World
🚑 Scope Safety
Modules, Classes, and Lambdas take care of this.
Real World
🤼🤸⛹🏌 Team Scale
Easier for multiple teams and members to work in parallel.
Demo Time!
Build even better (web)applications
with TDD
What is TDD
TDD is a software development process where you use testing to develop in small cycles
TDD Cycle
Benefits of TDD
- Requirements need to be clear before development
- Easy to validate code
- It is more easy to write new functionalities
- No need to maintain documentation as tests describe the functionality of the codebase.
Benefits of TDD
- No fear of making changes to the codebase as tests will fail when you break something.
- Creating tests first ensures a loosely coupled codebase. Tightly coupled codebases are
hard to test.
- Spend less time debugging, Most of the time the code you write just works so there is no
need to debug the code.
- Reduces the amount of bugs in the codebase by 40 - 80%
Demo Time!


XP
These rules are for heroes only. Allies have their own XP rules.
XP For Fights
A
: GainA
XP per model killedA + B
each: GainA
XP for a wounding attack plusB
XP per wound. [Official Rule Change]- +5/Elite Ability. This adds to the
A
value above.
Info
The original rule for 'A + B each' was "Gain A
XP for a successful wounding hit plus B
XP per wound." Now you only get the A
value once even if you make multiple hits in one attack.
XP For Actions
- Healing wounds: 5 XP/wound
- Healing sanity: 5 XP/sanity damage
- Healing Corruption: 10 XP per occurrence (Limit 3)
- Looking through Doors: 5 XP
- Recovering a KO’d Hero During a Fight: 25 XP (Limit 1)
- Guiding the Path: 10 XP per Exploration token or Map card discarded/redrawn (Limit 3)
- Standing Against Darkness: 5 XP for Depth Event, Darkness, or Growing Dread card cancelled. (Limit 3)
End of Mission XP
- Lantern Bearer: 20 XP (Must have lantern for whole mission)
Levels
| Level | XP Cost | Running Total |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Start | 0 |
| 2 | 500 | 500 |
| 3 | 1,000 | 1,500 |
| 4 | 2,000 | 3,500 |
| 5 | 3,000 | 6,500 |
| 6 | 4,500 | 11,000 |
| 7 | 6,000 | 17,000 |
| 8 | 8,000 | 25,000 |
Max level: 8
Danger!
Do not post hero upgrade charts. Flying Frogs considers this restricted information.


Information will be provided here.
You can’t connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something – your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.


1 Motivation
Being a teacher (in some part of my life), I conducted a prediction contest. Students had to predict a bunch of values as precisely as possible. That’s the sort of stuff data scientist do (or are said to do). As far as I am concerned, I was looking at a convenient way of grading the prediction data. Here’s an attempt.
I’m sorry that post is not fully reproducible. The reason is a privacy rights of my students and that I do not want to fully undisclosure the data set I used, because I might use it for upcoming student cohorts. Teachers: Feel free to contact me if you like to know more about the data set.
2 Setup
library(tidyverse)
library(testthat)
library(data.table)
library(glue)
library(here)
library(skimr)
Use ?data.table
etc. for help on the packages.
3 Helper functions
3.1 Function to parse data
One trouble is that the CSV files I expected can be in different formats: standard CSV, CSV2 (semicolon delimiter, comma decimal). That’s why we need to come up with a more general data parsing function. Unfortunately, and to my suprise, I found no existing funtion that was able to deal with that matter (no, even fread
did not).
try_readcsv <- function(file, verbose = FALSE) {
# import csv file:
x <- data.table::fread(file, header = TRUE)
# if more than 2 columns, only select first and last one:
if (ncol(x) > 2) {
x <- x %>%
select(1, last_col())
}
# stop if only one column:
if (ncol(x) == 1) stop("Only 1 column! There should be (at least) two: ID and predictions.")
# set names:
names(x) <- c("id", "pred")
# replace commas with dots to deal with German locale:
x <-
x %>%
mutate(across(where(is.character),
.fns = ~ str_replace_all(.,
pattern = ",",
replacement = ".")))
# check how many columns where found in each CSV file:
if (verbose == TRUE) {print("Ncol: "); print(ncol(x))}
return(x)
}
3.2 Function to compute \(R^2\)
r2 <- function(predicted, observed) {
rss <- sum((predicted - observed) ^ 2) ## residual sum of squares
tss <- sum((observed - mean(observed)) ^ 2) ## total sum of squares
rsq <- 1 - rss/tss
return(rsq)
}
3.3 Function to compute \(MSE\)
Mean Squared Error
mse <- function(predicted, observed) {
mse <- mean((predicted - observed) ^ 2) ## mean residual sum of squares
return(mse)
}
3.4 Function to compute generalized error function
gen_error <- function(predicted, observed, degree = 1) {
generr <- mean(abs(predicted - observed) ^ degree) ## mean residual sum of absolute errors to the `degree` power
return(generr)
}
4 Import solution (true) data (ie., solution)
Define solution file name, and check whether this file name exists:
solution_filename <- paste0("/Users/sebastiansaueruser/Google Drive/Lehre/Lehre_AKTUELL/2020-WiSe/WisMeth/Prognose-Wettbewerb/Prognose-Material/Material-nur-fuer-Lehrende/test_df_teacher.csv")
stopifnot(file.exists(solution_filename))
Import the solution data:
test_df_teacher <- read_csv(solution_filename)
test_df_teacher <-
test_df_teacher %>%
mutate(id = row_number()) %>%
select(id, pay)
5 Parse the data
Get the list of existing files.
Here’s the project path; in your case it will be different.
proj_path <- "/Users/sebastiansaueruser/Google Drive/Lehre/Lehre_AKTUELL/2020-WiSe/WisMeth/Prognose-Wettbewerb/Prognose-Material"
subm_path <- paste0(proj_path, "/Submissions/")
submissions <- list.files(path = subm_path,
pattern = "\\.csv$",
recursive = TRUE,
full.names = TRUE)
Here is the list of CSV files:
submissions %>%
head()
#> [1] "/Users/sebastiansaueruser/Google Drive/Lehre/Lehre_AKTUELL/2020-WiSe/WisMeth/Prognose-Wettbewerb/Prognose-Material/Submissions//64d4faba5afe920efbf0001812299853.csv"
#> [2] "/Users/sebastiansaueruser/Google Drive/Lehre/Lehre_AKTUELL/2020-WiSe/WisMeth/Prognose-Wettbewerb/Prognose-Material/Submissions//9c31e89af1b4b1bc67c639708f5b5fa3.csv"
No worries. That are anonymized data files.
The length of this vector should match the number of students (or student teams) we expect:
length(submissions)
#> [1] 2
6 Build master data frame
We build a list data frame for a tidyverse style data manipulation.
6.1 List df where each submission is one row
subm_df <-
# create column file submission names:
tibble(filepath = submissions) %>%
# cut the path away, leave only the file name:
mutate(filename = str_extract(filepath, "/[^/]*.csv$")) %>%
# create list column with submission data:
mutate(subm_data = purrr::map(.x = filepath,
.f = ~ try_readcsv(.x))) %>%
# unnest the columns of the list column:
unnest_wider(subm_data)
See:
subm_df
#> # A tibble: 2 x 4
#> filepath filename id pred
#> <chr> <chr> <list> <list>
#> 1 /Users/sebastiansaueruser/Google Drive… /64d4faba5afe920efbf… <int [3… <chr […
#> 2 /Users/sebastiansaueruser/Google Drive… /9c31e89af1b4b1bc67c… <int [3… <chr […
Check if all values of pred
are of type character
:
map_chr(subm_df$pred, class)
#> [1] "character" "character"
Which is the case. This is an artifact of data import; some CSV files had a German decimal delimiter (dot) whereas others used the standard (comma). So, a robust strategy is to parse those strange numbers all as characters. Then replace the delimiting commas with dots. Then transform to numeric. See the import function above for details.
6.2 Change character to numeric
We need to convert pred
to numeric:
subm_df2 <-
subm_df %>%
# render character into numeric (still a list column, hence we need the `map`):
mutate(pred_num = map(pred, as.numeric))
Check if all values still are of type character:
subm_df2$pred_num %>%
map_chr(class) %>%
unique()
#> [1] "numeric"
Nope. Numeric, as it should be.
More programmatically:
subm_df2$pred_num %>%
map_chr(class) %>%
unique() %>%
length() %>%
expect_equal(1)
6.3 Add observed (true) values
subm_df3 <-
subm_df2 %>%
# add y-value (to be predicted), again a list column:
mutate(observed = list(test_df_teacher$pay))
See:
head(subm_df3)
#> # A tibble: 2 x 6
#> filepath filename id pred pred_num observed
#> <chr> <chr> <list> <list> <list> <list>
#> 1 /Users/sebastiansaueruser/… /64d4faba5afe92… <int [… <chr [… <dbl [3… <dbl [3…
#> 2 /Users/sebastiansaueruser/… /9c31e89af1b4b1… <int [… <chr [… <dbl [3… <dbl [3…
6.4 Check lengths of submissions
subm_df3$id %>%
map_dbl(length) %>%
unique()
#> [1] 300
subm_df3$id %>%
map_dbl(length) %>%
unique() %>%
length() %>%
expect_equal(1)
Each submission should consist of 300 entries in this example.
7 Compute accuracy (\(R^2\) etc.)
subm_df4 <-
subm_df3 %>%
mutate(r2 = map2(.x = pred_num,
.y = observed,
.f = ~ r2(.x, .y)),
mse = map2(.x = pred_num,
.y = observed,
.f = ~ mse(.x, .y)),
mae = map2(.x = pred_num,
.y = observed,
.f = ~ gen_error(.x, .y))) %>%
unnest(r2)
See:
subm_df4 %>%
glimpse()
#> Rows: 2
#> Columns: 9
#> $ filepath <chr> "/Users/sebastiansaueruser/Google Drive/Lehre/Lehre_AKTUELL/…
#> $ filename <chr> "/64d4faba5afe920efbf0001812299853.csv", "/9c31e89af1b4b1bc6…
#> $ id <list> [<1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17…
#> $ pred <list> [<"102622.898614099", "110032.651526331", "97047.9425798611…
#> $ pred_num <list> [<102622.90, 110032.65, 97047.94, 60826.89, 168182.88, 1562…
#> $ observed <list> [<91336, 112286, 77536, 69872, 156896, 151509, 78267, 12535…
#> $ r2 <dbl> 0.8287524, 0.8280914
#> $ mse <list> [107043353, 107456477]
#> $ mae <list> [8392.041, 8453.271]
7.1 Check distribution of \(R^2\)
subm_df4 %>%
filter(between(r2,0, 1)) %>%
summarise(r2_mean = mean(r2),
r2_sd = sd(r2),
r2_med = median(r2),
r2_iqr = IQR(r2),
r2_min = min(r2),
r2_max = max(r2))
#> # A tibble: 1 x 6
#> r2_mean r2_sd r2_med r2_iqr r2_min r2_max
#> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 0.828 0.000467 0.828 0.000330 0.828 0.829
subm_df4 %>%
filter(between(r2, 0, 1)) %>%
ggplot(aes(x = r2)) +
geom_histogram()
7.2 Number of distinct values for \(R^2\)
length(unique(subm_df4$r2))
#> [1] 2
8 Grading
8.1 Note-4.0 model
note4_r2 <- 0.01
8.2 Note-1.0 model
note1_r2 <- 0.83
8.3 Grades in sequence
There are 10 grades (from 4.0 to 1.0), plus the 5 (fail), plus the “supra-best” (only to define the maximum threshold), giving 12 grades in total.
grades_df <-
tibble(thresholds = c(0,
seq(from = 0.01, to = 0.83,
length.out = 9), .85, 1),
thresholds2 = c(0,
seq(from = .51, to = 1,
length.out = 11)),
grades = c(5, 4, 3.7, 3.3, 3.0, 2.7, 2.3, 2, 1.7, 1.3, 1, .7)) %>%
mutate(id = nrow(.):1)
grades_df
#> # A tibble: 12 x 4
#> thresholds thresholds2 grades id
#> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <int>
#> 1 0 0 5 12
#> 2 0.01 0.51 4 11
#> 3 0.112 0.559 3.7 10
#> 4 0.215 0.608 3.3 9
#> 5 0.318 0.657 3 8
#> 6 0.42 0.706 2.7 7
#> 7 0.522 0.755 2.3 6
#> 8 0.625 0.804 2 5
#> 9 0.727 0.853 1.7 4
#> 10 0.83 0.902 1.3 3
#> 11 0.85 0.951 1 2
#> 12 1 1 0.7 1
8.4 Map grades to individual \(R^2\) values of the students
subm_df5 <-
subm_df4 %>%
mutate(grade_id = map_dbl(r2,
.f = ~ {`>`(grades_df$thresholds, .x) %>% sum()} )) %>%
left_join(grades_df %>% select(-c(thresholds, thresholds2)),
by = c("grade_id" = "id"))
8.5 Grade distribution
subm_df5 %>%
select(grades) %>%
skim()
| Name | Piped data |
| Number of rows | 2 |
| Number of columns | 1 |
| _______________________ | |
| Column type frequency: | |
| numeric | 1 |
| ________________________ | |
| Group variables | None |
Variable type: numeric
| skim_variable | n_missing | complete_rate | mean | sd | p0 | p25 | p50 | p75 | p100 | hist |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| grades | 0 | 1 | 1.3 | 0 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | ▁▁▇▁▁ |
9 Reproducibility
#> ─ Session info ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#> setting value
#> version R version 4.0.2 (2020-06-22)
#> os macOS 10.16
#> system x86_64, darwin17.0
#> ui X11
#> language (EN)
#> collate en_US.UTF-8
#> ctype en_US.UTF-8
#> tz Europe/Berlin
#> date 2021-01-20
#>
#> ─ Packages ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#> package * version date lib source
#> assertthat 0.2.1 2019-03-21 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.0)
#> backports 1.2.0 2020-11-02 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> blogdown 0.21 2020-10-11 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> bookdown 0.21 2020-10-13 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> broom 0.7.2 2020-10-20 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> callr 3.5.1 2020-10-13 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> cellranger 1.1.0 2016-07-27 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.0)
#> cli 2.2.0 2020-11-20 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> codetools 0.2-16 2018-12-24 [2] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> colorspace 2.0-0 2020-11-11 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> crayon 1.3.4 2017-09-16 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.0)
#> DBI 1.1.0 2019-12-15 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.0)
#> dbplyr 2.0.0 2020-11-03 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> desc 1.2.0 2018-05-01 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.0)
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#> digest 0.6.27 2020-10-24 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> dplyr * 1.0.2 2020-08-18 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
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#> forcats * 0.5.0 2020-03-01 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.0)
#> fs 1.5.0 2020-07-31 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> generics 0.1.0 2020-10-31 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> ggplot2 * 3.3.2 2020-06-19 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.0)
#> glue 1.4.2 2020-08-27 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> gtable 0.3.0 2019-03-25 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.0)
#> haven 2.3.1 2020-06-01 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.0)
#> hms 0.5.3 2020-01-08 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.0)
#> htmltools 0.5.0 2020-06-16 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.0)
#> httr 1.4.2 2020-07-20 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> jsonlite 1.7.1 2020-09-07 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
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#> lifecycle 0.2.0 2020-03-06 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.0)
#> lubridate <IP_ADDRESS> 2020-11-13 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> magrittr 2.0.1 2020-11-17 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> memoise 1.1.0 2017-04-21 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.0)
#> modelr 0.1.8 2020-05-19 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.0)
#> munsell 0.5.0 2018-06-12 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.0)
#> pillar 1.4.7 2020-11-20 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> pkgbuild 1.1.0 2020-07-13 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> pkgconfig 2.0.3 2019-09-22 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.0)
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#> ps 1.4.0 2020-10-07 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> purrr * 0.3.4 2020-04-17 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.0)
#> R6 2.5.0 2020-10-28 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> Rcpp 1.0.5 2020-07-06 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> readr * 1.4.0 2020-10-05 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> readxl 1.3.1 2019-03-13 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.0)
#> remotes 2.2.0 2020-07-21 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> reprex 0.3.0 2019-05-16 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.0)
#> rlang 0.4.9 2020-11-26 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> rmarkdown 2.5 2020-10-21 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> rprojroot 2.0.2 2020-11-15 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> rstudioapi 0.13.0-9000 2020-12-09 [1] Github (rstudio/rstudioapi@4baeb39)
#> rvest 0.3.6 2020-07-25 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> scales 1.1.1 2020-05-11 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.0)
#> sessioninfo 1.1.1 2018-11-05 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.0)
#> stringi 1.5.3 2020-09-09 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> stringr * 1.4.0 2019-02-10 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.0)
#> testthat 3.0.0 2020-10-31 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> tibble * 3.0.4 2020-10-12 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> tidyr * 1.1.2 2020-08-27 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> tidyselect 1.1.0 2020-05-11 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.0)
#> tidyverse * 1.3.0 2019-11-21 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.0)
#> usethis 1.6.3 2020-09-17 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> vctrs 0.3.5 2020-11-17 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> withr 2.3.0 2020-09-22 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> xfun 0.19 2020-10-30 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#> xml2 1.3.2 2020-04-23 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.0)
#> yaml 2.2.1 2020-02-01 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.0)
#>
#> [1] /Users/sebastiansaueruser/Rlibs
#> [2] /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.0/Resources/library


Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
10 to 30 mins
Serves
Serves 2
Whip up delicious ginger and coriander-tinged crab cakes when you’re pressed for time.
Place the ginger and chilli into a mini food processor and pulse until finely chopped.
In a bowl combine the chilli and ginger with the white crabmeat, coriander and spring onions. Crack in one egg and mix well, then stir in 4 tablespoons of the breadcrumbs.
Divide the crab cake mixture into 6 equal portions and mould into patties. Place on a tray and chill in the fridge for about 20 minutes before cooking.
Preheat the oven to 180C/365F/Gas 4.
Beat the remaining egg in a small bowl with one tablespoon of water to make an eggwash. Place some plain flour and the remaining breadcrumbs in separate shallow dishes.
Dredge a crab cake in the flour, then dip into the egg and coat in the breadcrumbs. Shake gently to remove any excess breadcrumbs. Repeat with the remaining crab cakes.
Heat the olive oil in a frying pan and fry the crab cakes for 2-3 minutes on each side, or until crisp and golden-brown all over. Transfer the crab cakes to a baking tray and bake for 5-10 minutes, or until piping hot all the way through.
Serve the crab cakes with sweet chilli jam and a mixed leaf salad, lightly dressed with olive oil, salt and freshly ground black pepper.


Sensor Simulation contains any Sensor simulation components in the FPGA that you add. Sensor simulation defines the sensors to be simulated.
To change the FPGA target address, change the value in the control FPGA Name found on the page below. An example name would be RIO0. Please note, upon creation, if you selected an FPGA personality that was already added to the system definition under Chassis/FPGA, this FPGA Name needs to match.
To view or change the xVDTs, select the name of your xVDT item in the configuration tree. The xVDT page appears to the right of the configuration tree. The item is named xVDT to indicate the same IP works for several different physical simulations like RVDT and LVDT.
For more information about adding and configuring custom devices, refer to the Configuring and Running a Project book of the NI VeriStand Help, available by selecting Help»Search the NI VeriStand Help.


This repository contains the code for our second underwater vehicle Anahita
.
- Create a catkin worspace following the guidelines given here
mkdir -p ~/catkin_ws/src
cd ~/catkin_ws/src
catkin_init_workspace
cd ..
catkin_make
- Clone this repository to your catkin workspace
cd ~/catkin_ws/src
git clone https://github.com/AUV-IITK/AnahitaPlus.git
# Add the simulation repository also (uuv_simulator)
git clone https://github.com/AUV-IITK/uuv_simulator
- Install all dependency packages to run the repository
The repository requires the following ROS packages to run: usb_cam, geographic_msgs, rosserial_arduino, underwater_sensor_msgs, ros-melodic-grid-map, ros-melodic-image-geometry, ros-melodic-tf. To use some interpolation functions, you'll need to install scipy.
You can build and install those packages from their respective sources or you can use the following command in Ubuntu 16.04 to install them. If you are building from source or using a different package manager, make sure you are building the melodic version of these packages to ensure maximum compatibility.
sudo apt-get install ros-melodic-usb-cam \
ros-melodic-geographic-msgs \
ros-melodic-rosserial-arduino \
ros-melodic-underwater-sensor-msgs \
ros-melodic-grid-map \
ros-melodic-image-geometry \
ros-melodic-tf
pip install scipy
- **Build the package using
catkin_make
** cd ~/catkin_ws
# To maximize performance, build the workspace in Release mode
catkin_make -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
- Launching the vehicle in simulation
in the workspace directory (catkin_ws), run the following commands
source devel/setup.bash
roslaunch uuv_gazebo_worlds qual_robosub_world.launch
roslaunch anahita_description upload_anahita_default.launch
roslaunch uuv_trajectory_control cascaded_pid_dp_controller.launch
roslaunch odom_dvl_imu odom.launch
roslaunch uuv_thruster_manager thruster_manager.launch model_name:=anahita (for simulation)
master_layer/anahita_thruster_manager.py (for real navigation)
To get started with contributing to this repository, look out for open issues here. Kindly read the Developer's Guide before sending a pull request! :)


| File | Statements | Branches | Functions | Lines | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| fast-playback-button.component.js | 96.88% | 31/32 | 82.86% | 29/35 | 100% | 8/8 | 100% | 28/28 | |
| marker-seek-button.component.js | 96.88% | 31/32 | 83.33% | 30/36 | 100% | 9/9 | 100% | 28/28 | |
| marker-set-button.component.js | 96.67% | 29/30 | 83.33% | 30/36 | 100% | 8/8 | 100% | 26/26 | |
| marker-time-display.component.js | 95.45% | 21/22 | 80.65% | 25/31 | 100% | 5/5 | 100% | 18/18 | |
| markers-clear-button.component.js | 95.65% | 22/23 | 79.31% | 23/29 | 100% | 5/5 | 100% | 19/19 | |
| markers-playback-button.component.js | 95.65% | 22/23 | 79.31% | 23/29 | 100% | 5/5 | 100% | 19/19 | |
| playback-toggle-button.component.js | 95.65% | 22/23 | 79.31% | 23/29 | 100% | 5/5 | 100% | 19/19 | |
| scrubber.component.js | 99.11% | 111/112 | 88.24% | 45/51 | 100% | 33/33 | 100% | 107/107 | |
| step-button.component.js | 98.73% | 78/79 | 94.44% | 68/72 | 100% | 10/10 | 100% | 75/75 | |
| time-display.component.js | 99.22% | 128/129 | 95.18% | 79/83 | 100% | 30/30 | 100% | 125/125 | |
| timecode-format-button.component.js | 97.62% | 41/42 | 82.86% | 29/35 | 100% | 11/11 | 100% | 38/38 | |
| volume-control.component.js | 97.5% | 39/40 | 82.86% | 29/35 | 100% | 9/9 | 100% | 36/36 |


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Hello friend, Please bear with me for now. What I have may be of interest to you. It is a business proposal that will be beneficial to you and me. I live in London, United Kingdom. I am 51 years old and I have been working in a bank in London for the past 17 years where I am presently an accounts manager. I will give you my full details on your reply to this letter. My aim of contacting you is to solicit your co- operation and assistance based on one of the accounts under my management containing $27.700, 000 million (Twenty seven million seven hundred thousand dollars) which have remained dormant for the last Eleven months. This account was owned by the late Mr. Teslim Ramzi Mohammed a Lebanese from Johaya town, following my investigation, I found out that he died on July 7th 2005 via a bomb blast that happened in the London and he left no children or next of kin Here are the following websites for verification purpose http://www.mapsofworld. com/mapinnews/london-blast.html http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4661059. stm I will inform you more on how we can get the money in his account transferred into your account if you agree to co-operate with me on this on your reply to this mail. I will also give you more personal details of me and the transaction on your reply. Please treat this as confidential, urgent and of utmost importance. Note:-Your country, telephone, mobile and fax number is important for urgent, easy and fast communication. Sincerely Robson Bight


| bs4dash_font {fresh} | R Documentation |
bs4Dash fonts parameters
bs4dash_font( size_base = NULL, size_lg = NULL, size_sm = NULL, size_xs = NULL, size_xl = NULL, weight_light = NULL, weight_normal = NULL, weight_bold = NULL, family_sans_serif = NULL, family_monospace = NULL, family_base = NULL )
size_base |
Base size, this size is used to calculate other size. Must in |
size_lg |
Large size. |
size_sm |
Small size. |
size_xs |
Extra small size. |
size_xl |
Extra large size. |
weight_light |
Light font weight. |
weight_normal |
Normal font weight. |
weight_bold |
Bold font weight. |
family_sans_serif |
Sans serif font family. |
family_monospace |
Monospace font family. |
family_base |
Base font family. |
a list
that can be used in create_theme
.
# Change font size used in bs4Dash bs4dash_font( size_base = "1.5rem", weight_bold = 900 ) if (interactive()) { library(shiny) library(bs4Dash) ui <- bs4DashPage( title = "bs4Dash Custom Colors", navbar = bs4DashNavbar(), sidebar = bs4DashSidebar( title = "bs4Dash Custom Colors", skin = "light", bs4SidebarMenu( bs4SidebarMenuItem( tabName = "tab1", text = "UI components" ) ) ), body = bs4DashBody( use_theme(create_theme( bs4dash_font( size_base = "1.5rem", weight_bold = 900 ) )), bs4TabItems( bs4TabItem( tabName = "tab1", tags$div( tags$p( paste(letters, collapse = "") ), tags$p( style = "font-weight: bold;", paste(letters, collapse = "") ), tags$p( style = "font-style: italic;", paste(letters, collapse = "") ) ), tags$h1("First level title"), tags$h2("Second level title"), tags$h3("Third level title"), tags$h4("Fourth level title"), tags$h5("Fifth level title"), tags$h6("Sixth level title") ) ) ) ) server <- function(input, output) { } shinyApp(ui, server) }


Salmon Cookies
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Cookies Template
This website is to make you taste the best types of salmon cookies, using this template
Here Are List Of Our Cookiees:
You can take with each ordet a gift which is Tshirt for you and your family
Loation with address ::Address: Al-Madina Al-Monawara St, Amman


Dojo DnD with handles test
Following selection modes are supported by default:
- Simple click — selects a single element, all other elements will be unselected.
- Ctrl+click — toggles a selection state of an element (use Meta key on Mac).
- Shift+click — selects a range of element from the previous anchor to the current element.
- Ctrl+Shift+click — adds a range of element from the previous anchor to the current element (use Meta key on Mac).
Following drop modes are supported by default:
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During summer 2017 I left with some of my best friends
for one of the most exciting experiences of all,
travelling around Europe by train.
From Netherlands to Germany we explored, learned, had the best of our time.
Here's some of my interrail favourite memories,check out my favourite places across Europe, and all the things that that made my trip!
Enjoy!


Columns
class Columns extends Chainset
Properties
| protected | $childClass |
Public Methods
Protected Methods
Private Methods
Details
in Chainset at line 30
__construct($childClass = null)
in Chainset at line 36
__isset($key)
in Chainset at line 43
final void
cutChild(string $key)
Remove child from linked list.
in Chainset at line 60
__unset($key)
in Chainset at line 67
__get($key)
in Chainset at line 85
final void
setFirst(string|null $key)
in Chainset at line 89
final string|null
getFirst()
in Chainset at line 93
final void
setLast(string|null $key)
in Chainset at line 97
final string|null
getLast()
in Chainset at line 101
final
current()
in Chainset at line 105
final
key()
in Chainset at line 109
final void
next()
in Chainset at line 115
final void
rewind()
in Chainset at line 119
final bool
valid()
at line 13
getConfig()
generate array of actions for one column


--- layout: post title: Physical Fitness Tests and Standards in Army --- Can you pass physical fitness tests in various countries? Do you match military fitness standards? In this post are described various physical fitness tests and standards used around the World.
In this post the physical fitness tests of several armies are presented. And at the end of the post is conlusion of common trends in design of such a tests today.
| Age | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Event | 17-21 | 22-26 | 27-31 | 32-36 | 37-41 | 42-46 | 47-51 | 52-56 | 57-61 | 62+ | |
| Push-ups | Men | 42 | 40 | 39 | 36 | 34 | 30 | 25 | 20 | 18 | 16 |
| Women | 19 | 17 | 17 | 15 | 13 | 12 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | |
| Sit-ups | All | 53 | 50 | 45 | 42 | 38 | 32 | 30 | 28 | 27 | 26 |
| 2-Mile Run | Men | 15:54 | 16:36 | 17:00 | 17:42 | 18:18 | 18:42 | 19:30 | 19:48 | 19:54 | 20:00 | Women | 18:54 | 19:36 | 20:30 | 21:42 | 22:42 | 23:42 | 24:00 | 24:24 | 24:48 | 25:00 |
The UK army standards (see) with the explanation (see) consist of five events:
The Sports Tests can be found at Foreing Legion pages (see). The tests consist of just two events:
Interesting thing is that they also require body mass index (BMI) in range 20-30.
The physical test is described at pages of Australian ministry of defense (see). The test consists of three events:
The male requirements are 15 push-ups, 45 sit-ups, 7.5 shuttle run score. The Female requirements are 8 push-ups, 45 sit-ups, 7.5 shuttle run score. For Special Forces Direct Recruiting Scheme (SFDRS) candidates, the requirement are 30 push-ups, 60 sit-ups, 10.1 shuttle run level.
The Canadian Forces developed the Minimum Physical Fitness Standard (FORCE) according to research of common military tasks, which all personnel might be expected to perform. If you want to know more, than see this page about FORCE. From their research they conclude to tests these four standards:
I would like to also mention, that they provide internet application, which can calculate how operationally fit and healthy you are according to your FORCE score.
The test used by Israeli Army was invented by Professor Oded Bar Or (see). Since the 2014 the test consists of three events:
Before this test, they use a different test, that consist of sit-ups, push-ups and 2000 metres run. This test used elaborated point system.
From the tests mentioned above, it seems that the traditional combination of tests consist of push-ups, sit-ups and running. However some armies replace this combination with new selections recently. It seems that this trend is due to army research in this field. Today's trend is to replace the sit-ups (at least sit-ups) with something like weighted carries and/or lifting heavy things, what seems to be more related to purpose of the military selection tests.
Also it si worthy to mention this paper (see). In the paper it is concluded that the tradional tests (push-ups, sit-ups, running) is easier to pass for lighter people. Those people are in general less suitable for tasks related to absolute strenght (carring, loading and lifting heavy stuff). And according to research of Canadian Forces those tasks are the most common in army.


Kogi poll: NCWS demands investigation into murder of PDP women leader
by Agency ReportThe National Council of Women Societies (NCWS), on Wednesday condemned the alleged murder of Salome Abuh, People Democratic Party’s (PDP) Women Leader and three others in Ochadamu by some political thugs.
The President of NCWS, Gloria Shoda, in a statement on Wednesday in Abuja, frowned at the killings.
“It is bad that in this time in our country, when the role of women has become more imperative, the nation continues to lose lives, especially women.
“The gruesome murder of Abuh by rampaging political thugs in Kogi on Monday is most outrageous and must be investigated to deter future occurrence.
The NCWS president expressed concern that the violence that enveloped the state governorship/Senatorial elections on Saturday could escalate to Monday with the killing of the women leader.
Mrs Abuh was sleeping in her home when some political thugs set her building ablaze.
“This is very bad and I am using this opportunity to call on the security agencies to investigate and ensure that perpetrators are brought to book.
“If 2023 will become a reality in the Nigerian electoral circle, there must be methodological strategies to bring about lasting solutions to the plethora of killings and insecurity witnessed in recent times in the country.
Mrs Shoda, who also condemned the manhandling of Natasha Akpoti, the candidate of the Social Democratic Party (SDP) in the Kogi governorship election by thugs, called for appropriate sanction.
Mrs Akpoti was said to have been manhandled by some thugs during the signing of peace accord in Lokoja by political parties before the election.
(NAN)


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Famous_in_Love
Based on the novel by Rebecca Serle, Famous in Love follows ordinary college student Paige as she gets her big break after auditioning for the starring role in a Hollywood blockbuster. She must now navigate her new star-studded life and undeniable chemistry with her two co-leads, while discovering the highs and lows that come with being the new It Girl in town.


Your Account
{% with messages = get_flashed_messages() %}
{% if messages %}
{% for message in messages %}
{{ message }}
{% endfor %}
{% endif %}
{% endwith %}
Account Information
- NetID: {{user.netid}}
- Name: {{user.name}}
- Email: {{user.duke_email}}
- Phone number: {{user.phone_number}}
- Affiliation: {{user.affiliation}}
{% if driver %}
Driver Information
- License Number: {{driver.license_no}}
- License Plate Number: {{driver.license_plate_no}}
- License Plate State: {{driver.plate_state}}
{% endif %}
{% if rideToday != None %}
You are driving the following ride today:
| Ride Number |
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Destination |
Date |
Earliest Departure |
Latest Departure |
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Max Seats Available |
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| {{ rideToday.ride_no }} |
{{ rideToday.origin }} |
{{ rideToday.destination }} |
{{ rideToday.date}} |
{{ rideToday.earliest_departure }} |
{{ rideToday.latest_departure }} |
{{ rideToday.seats_available }} |
{{ rideToday.max_seats_available }} |
{{ rideToday.gas_price }} |
{{ rideToday.comments }} |
{% endif %}
{% if rideToday == None %}
You aren't driving a ride today.
{% endif %}
{% if revToday != None %}
You have the following reservation today:
| Ride Number |
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Destination |
Date |
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Latest Departure |
Seats Available |
Max Seats Available |
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Comments |
Your note |
Your Seats Needed |
| {{ revToday.ride_no }} |
{{ revToday.driver_netid }} |
{{ revToday.origin }} |
{{ revToday.destination }} |
{{ revToday.date}} |
{{ revToday.earliest_departure }} |
{{ revToday.latest_departure }} |
{{ revToday.seats_available }} |
{{ revToday.max_seats_available }} |
{{ revToday.gas_price }} |
{{ revToday.comments }} |
{{ revToday.note }} |
{{ revToday.seats_needed }} |
{% endif %}
{% if revToday == None %}
You don't have a ride reserved today.
{% endif %}
{% if ridesListed != [] %}
Upcoming Rides Posted by you:
| Ride Number |
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{% for ride in ridesListed %}
| {{ ride.ride_no }} |
{{ ride.origin }} |
{{ ride.destination }} |
{{ ride.date}} |
{{ ride.earliest_departure }} |
{{ ride.latest_departure }} |
{{ ride.seats_available }} |
{{ ride.max_seats_available }} |
{{ ride.gas_price }} |
{{ ride.comments }} |
{% endfor %}
{% endif %}
{% if ridesListed == [] %}
No Future Rides Listed
{% endif %}
{% if reservations != [] %}
Upcoming Rides Reserved by you:
| Ride Number |
Driver Netid |
Origin |
Destination |
Date |
Earliest Departure |
Latest Departure |
Seats Available |
Max Seats Available |
Gas Price |
Comments |
Your note |
Seats Needed |
{% for reservation in reservations %}
| {{ reservation.ride_no }} |
{{ reservation.driver_netid }} |
{{ reservation.origin }} |
{{ reservation.destination }} |
{{ reservation.date}} |
{{ reservation.earliest_departure }} |
{{ reservation.latest_departure }} |
{{ reservation.seats_available }} |
{{ reservation.max_seats_available }} |
{{ reservation.gas_price }} |
{{ reservation.comments }} |
{{ reservation.note }} |
{{ reservation.seats_needed }} |
{% endfor %}
{% endif %}
{% if reservations == [] %}
No Future Rides Reserved
{% endif %}


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Chapter 4 Reinsurance
Reinsurance is insurance purchased by an insurance company in order to protect itself from large claims. There are two main types of reinsurance arrangement:
excess of loss reinsurance; and
proportional reinsurance.
4.1 Excess of loss reinsurance
Under excess of loss reinsurance arrangement, the direct insurer sets a certain limit called a retention level \(M >0\). For a claim \(X\),
the insurance company pays any claim in full if \(X \le M\); and
the reinsurer (or reinsurance company) pays the remaining amount of \(X - M\) if \(X > M\).
The position of the reinsurer under excess of loss reinsurance is the same as that of the insurer for a policy with a deductible.
Let \(X\) be the claim amount, \(V, Y\) and \(Z\) the amounts of the claim paid by the policyholder, (direct) insurer and reinsurer, respectively, i.e. \[X = V + Y + Z.\] In what follows, without stated otherwise, we consider the case in which there is no deductible in place, i.e. \(V = 0\) and \[X = Y + Z.\] So the amount paid by the direct insurer and the reinsurer are given by
\[\begin{aligned} Y = \begin{cases} X &\text{if } X \le M\\ M &\text{if } X > M, \end{cases} \\ Z = \begin{cases} 0 &\text{if } X \le M\\ X - M &\text{if } X > M. \end{cases}\end{aligned}\] The amounts \(Y\) and \(Z\) can also be expressed as \[Y = \min(X,M), \quad Z = \max(0,X-M).\]
d = 1000 M = 10000 X = \[3000, 800, 25000, 5000, 20000\]
Example 4.1 Example 1. \[examplePayouts\] Suppose a policy has a deductible of and the insurer arrange excess of loss reinsurance with retention level of . A sample of loss amounts in one year consists of the following values, in unit of Thai baht: \[3000, 800, 25000, 5000, 20000 .\] Calculate the total amount paid by:
the policyholder;
the insurer; and
the reinsurer.
The total amounts paid by
the policyholders : \[1000 + 800 + 1000 + 1000 + 1000 = 4800.\]
The insurer : \[2000 + 0 + 10000 + 4000 + 10000 = 26000.\]
The reinsurer : \[0 + 0 + 14000 + 0 + 9000 = 23000.\]
4.2 Mixed distributions
In the subsequent sections, we will derive the probability distribution of the random variables \(Y\) and \(Z\), which are the insurer’s and reinsurer’s payouts on claims. Their distributions are neither purely continuous, nor purely discrete. First we start with some important properties of such random variables.
A random variable \(U\) which is partly discrete and partly continuous is said to be a mixed distribution. The distribution function of \(U\), denoted by \(F_U(x)\) is continuous and differentiable except for some values of \(x\) in a countable set \(S\). For a mixed distribution \(U\), there exists a function \(f_U(x)\) such that \[F_U(x) = \Pr(U \le x) = \int_{-\infty}^x f_U(x) dx + \sum_{x_i \in S, x_i \le x } \Pr(U = x_i).\] The expected value of \(g(U)\) for some function \(g\) is given by \[\label{eqnExpectationMixed} \mathrm{E}[g(U)] = \int_{-\infty}^\infty g(x) f_U(x) \mathop{}\!d{x} + \sum_{x_i \in S } g(x_i) \Pr(U = x_i).\] It is the sum of the integral over the intervals at which \(f_U(x)\) is continuous and the summation over the points in \(S\).
The function \(f_U(x)\) is not the probability density function of \(U\) because \(\int_{-\infty}^\infty f_U(x) dx \neq 1\). In particular, it is the derivative of \(F_U(x)\) at the points where \(F_U(x)\) is continuous and differentiable.
Recall that \(X\) denotes the claim amount and \(Y\) and \(Z\) be the amounts of the claim paid by the insurer and reinsurer. The distribution function and the density function of the claim amount \(X\) are denoted by \(F_{X}\) and \(f_X(x)\), where we assume that \(X\) is continuous. In the following examples, we will derive the distribution, mean and variance of the random variables \(Y\) and \(Z\). Furthermore, both random variables \(Y\) and \(Z\) are examples of mixed distributions.
Example 4.2 Example 2. Let \(F_Y\) denote the distribution function of \(Y = \min(X,M)\). It follows that \[F_Y(x) = \begin{cases} F_X(x) &\text{if } x < M\\ 1 &\text{if } x \ge M \end{cases}.\] Hence, the distribution function of \(Y\) is said to be a mixed distribution.
From \(Y = \min(X,M)\), if \(y < M\), then \[F_Y(y) = \Pr(Y \le y) = \Pr(X \le y) = F_X(y).\] If \(y \ge M\), then \[F_Y(y) = \Pr(Y \le y) = 1,\] which follows because \(\min(X,M) \le M\).
Hence, \(Y\) is mixed with a density function \(f_X(x)\), for \(0 \le x < M\) and a mass of probability at \(M\), with \(Pr(Y = M) = 1 - F_X(M)\). The last equality follows from \[\begin{aligned} \Pr(Y = M) &= \Pr(X > M) \\ &= 1 - \Pr(X \le M) = 1 - F_X(M). \end{aligned}\]
Example 4.3 Example 3. Show that \[\mathrm{E}[Y] = \mathrm{E}[\min(X,M)] = \mathrm{E}[X] - \int_0^\infty y f_X(y+M) \mathop{}\!dy.\]
\(\mathrm{E}[Y]\) is the expected payout by the insurer. \[\begin{aligned} \mathrm{E}[Y] &= \mathrm{E}[\min(X,M)] \\ &= \int_0^\infty \min(X,M) \cdot f_X(x) \, dx \\ &= \int_0^M x \cdot f_X(x) \, dx + \int_M^\infty M \cdot f_X(x) \, dx \\ &= \int_0^M x \cdot f_X(x) \, dx + \int_M^\infty x \cdot f_X(x) \, dx + \int_M^\infty (M - x) \cdot f_X(x) \, dx \\ &= \mathrm{E}[X] + \int_M^\infty (M - x) \cdot f_X(x) \, dx \\ \intertext{(By the change of the variable, we let $x = y + M$ and obtain) } \\ &= \mathrm{E}[X] + \int_0^\infty (-y) \cdot f_X(y+M) \, dy \\ &= \mathrm{E}[X] - \int_0^\infty y \cdot f_X(y+M) \, dy \end{aligned}\]
Under excess of loss reinsurance arrangement, the mean amount paid by the insurer is reduced by the amount equal to \(\int_0^\infty y f_X(y+M) \mathop{}\!dy.\)
Example 4.4 Example 4. Let \(X\) be an exponential distribution with parameter \(\lambda\) and \(Y = \min(X,M)\). Then \[F_Y(x) = \begin{cases} 1 - e^{-\lambda x} &\text{if } x < M\\ 1 &\text{if } x \ge M \end{cases}.\] A plot of the distribution function \(F_Y\) is given in Figure 1. Hence, \(Y\) is a mixed distribution with a density function \(f_Y(x) = f_X(x)\) for \(0 < x < M\) and a probability mass at \(M\) is \(\Pr(Y = M) = 1 - F_X(M)\).
Using \[eqnExpectationMixed\], the expected value of \(Y\), \(\mathrm{E}[Y]\) is given by \[\begin{aligned} \mathrm{E}[Y] &= \int_{0}^M x f_X(x) \mathop{}\!d{x} + M(1 - F_X(M)). % &= \int_0^M x \cdot f_X(x) \, dx + \int_M^\infty M \cdot f_X(x) \, dx \\ % &= \int_0^M x \cdot f_X(x) \, dx + \int_M^\infty x \cdot f_X(x) \, dx + \int_M^\infty (M - x) \cdot f_X(x) \, dx \\ % &= \E[X] + \int_M^\infty (M - x) \cdot f_X(x) \, dx \\ % \intertext{(By the change of the variable, we let $x = y + M$ and obtain) %} \\ % &= \E[X] + \int_0^\infty (-y) \cdot f_X(y+M) \, dy \\ % &= \E[X] - \int_0^\infty y \cdot f_X(y+M) \, dy \\ % &= \E[X] - \int_0^\infty y \cdot \lambda e^{-\lambda(y+M)} \, dy \end{aligned}\]
Example 4.5 Example 5. Let \(F_Z\) denote the distribution function of \(Z = \max(0,X-M)\). It follows that \[F_Z(x) = \begin{cases} F_{X}(M) &\text{if } x = 0\\ F_{X}(x + M) &\text{if } x > 0 \end{cases}.\] Hence, the distribution function of \(Z\) is a mixed distribution with a mass of probability at \(0\).
The random variable \(Z\) is the reinsurer’s payout which also include zero claims. Later we will consider only reinsurance claims, which involve the reinsurer, i.e. claims such that \(X > M\).
The distribution of \(Z\) can be derived as follows:
For \(x =0\), \[F_Z(0) = \Pr(Z = 0) = \Pr(X \le M) = F_X(M).\]
For \(x > 0\), \[\begin{aligned} F_Z(0) &= \Pr(Z \le x) = \Pr(\max(0,X-M) \le x) \\ &= \Pr(X- M \le x) = \Pr(X \le x + M) = F_X(x + M).\end{aligned}\]
Example 4.6 Example 6. Let \(X\) be an exponential distribution with parameter \(\lambda\) and \(Z = \max(0,X-M)\). Derive and plot the probability distribution \(F_Z\) for \(\lambda = 1\) and \(M = 2\).
Example 4.7 Example 7. Show that \[\mathrm{E}[Z] = \mathrm{E}[\max(0,X-M)] = \int_M^\infty (x- M) f_X(x) \mathop{}\!dx = \int_0^\infty y f_X(y+M) \mathop{}\!dy.\] Comment on the result.
The expected payout on the claim by the reinsurer, \(\mathrm{E}[Z]\), and can also be found directly as follows: \[\begin{aligned} \mathrm{E}[Z] &= \mathrm{E}[\max(0,X-M)] \\ &= \int_0^M 0 \cdot f_X(x) \, dx + \int_M^\infty (X-M) \cdot f_X(x) \, dx \\ \intertext{(By the change of the variable, we let $x = y + M$ and obtain) } \\ &= 0 + \int_0^\infty y \cdot f_X(y + M) \, dy.\end{aligned}\] It follows from the previous results that \[\mathrm{E}[X] = \mathrm{E}[Y + Z] = \mathrm{E}[Y]+ \mathrm{E}[Z].\]
#from sympy.stats import P, E, variance, Die, Normal
from sympy.stats import Exponential, density, cdf, E, P, Die, Normal from sympy.stats import variance, std, skewness from sympy import Eq, simplify from sympy import Symbol
### THE FOLLOWING SHOULD NOT BE INCLUDED #from sympy import *
############################################ #### NEED TO ADD str(‘X’) #X = Die(str(‘X’), 6) #### NEED TO ADD str(‘T’) T = Normal(str(‘T’),30, 3) #exp0 = P(T>31) #exp = P(T > 31, evaluate=False) ############################################
var(‘M’) var(‘y’) l = Symbol("lambda", positive=True) #X = Symbol("X") #z = Symbol("z")
X,z = symbols(‘X z’)
X = Exponential(str("x"), l)
exp = Integral(y*density(X)(y+M),(y,0,oo)) exp2 = Integral(y*density(X)(y),(y,0,oo)) exp3 = E(Exponential(str("y"), l), evaluate=False) #exp = P(X > M, evaluate=False)
Example 4.8 Example 8. Let the claim amount \(X\) have exponential distribution with mean \(\mu = 1/\lambda\).
Find the proportion of claims which involve the reinsurer.
Find the insurer’s expected payout on a claim.
Find the reinsurer’s expected payout on a claim.
The proportion of claims which involve the reinsurer is \[\Pr(X > M) = 1 - F_X(M) = e^{-\lambda M} = e^{-M/\mu}.\]
The insurer’s expected payout on a claim can be calculated by \[\begin{aligned} \mathrm{E}[Y] &= \mathrm{E}[X] - \int_0^\infty y \cdot \lambda e^{-\lambda(y+M)} \, dy \\ &= \mathrm{E}[X] - e^{-\lambda M} \int_0^\infty y \cdot \lambda e^{-\lambda \cdot y} \, dy \\ &= \mathrm{E}[X] - e^{-\lambda M} \mathrm{E}[X] \\ &= (1 - e^{-\lambda M}) \mathrm{E}[X].\end{aligned}\]
It follows from the above result that the reinsurer’s expected payout on a claim is \(e^{-\lambda M} \mathrm{E}[X].\)
Example 4.9 Example 9. An insurer covers an individual loss \(X\) with excess of loss reinsurance with retention level \(M\). Let \(f_X(x)\) and \(F_X(x)\) denote the pdf and cdf of \(X\), respectively.
Show that the variance of the amount paid by the insurer on a single claim satisfies: \[\mathrm{Var}[\min(X,M)] = \int_0^M x^2 f_X(x) \mathop{}\!dx + M^2 (1 - F_X(M)) - (\mathrm{E}[\min(X,M)])^2.\]
Show that the variance of the amount paid by the reinsurer on a single claim satisfies: \[\mathrm{Var}[\max(0,X-M)] = \int_M^\infty (x-M)^2 f_X(x) \mathop{}\!dx - (\mathrm{E}[\max(0,X-M)])^2.\]
4.3 The distribution of reinsurance claims
In practice, the reinsurer involves only claims which exceed the retention limit, i.e. \(X > M\). Information of claims which are less or equal to \(M\) may not be available to the reinsurer. The claim amount \(Z\) paid by the reinsurer can be modified accordingly to take into account of non-zero claim sizes.
Recall from Example \[examplePayouts\], there are only three claims whose amounts exceed the retention level of . Such claims, consisting of , 9000 and 23000 which involves the reinsurer are known as reinsurance claims.
Let \(W = Z|Z>0\) be a random variable representing the amount of a non-zero payment by the reinsurer on a reinsurance claim. The distribution and density of \(W\) can be calculated as follows: for \(x > 0\), \[\begin{aligned} \Pr[W \le x ] &= \Pr[Z \le x | Z >0] \\ &= \Pr[X - M \le x | X > M] \\ &= \frac{\Pr[M < X \le x + M]}{\Pr[X > M]}\\ &= \frac{F_X(x+M) - F_X(M)}{1-F_X(M)}.\end{aligned}\] Differentiating with respect to \(x\), we obtain the density function of \(W\) as \[f_W(x) = \frac{f_X(x+M)}{1 - F_X(M)}.\] Hence, the mean and variance can be directly obtained from the density function of \(W\).
4.4 Proportional reinsurance
Under excess of loss reinsurance arrangement, the direct insurer pays a fixed proportion \(\alpha\), called the proportion of the risk retained by the insurer, and the reinsurer pays the remainder of the claim.
Let \(X\) be the claim amount, \(Y\) and \(Z\) the amounts of the claim paid by the policyholder, (direct) insurer and reinsurer, respectively, i.e. \[X = Y + Z.\] So the amount paid by the direct insurer and the reinsurer are given by \[Y = \alpha X, \quad Z = (1 - \alpha) X.\] Both of the random variables are scaled by the factor of \(\alpha\) and \(1- \alpha\), respectively.
Example 4.10 Example 10. Derive the distribution function and density function of \(Y\).
Let \(X\) has a distribution function \(F\) with density function \(f\). The distribution function of \(Y\) is given by \[\Pr(Y \le x) = F(x/a).\] Hence, the density function is \[f_Y(x) = \frac{1}{a}f(x/a).\]
You can get more examples from Tutorials.