class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # Models & Density-independent growth ### Christopher Moore ### Week 01 --- background-image: url(https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DzIgl7AWwAAUgN5?format=jpg&name=4096x4096) background-size: contain class: inverse, center, bottom #Happy Belated Women and Girls in Science Day! --- background-image: url(https://www.biography.com/.image/t_share/MTM2MzY2MzU3MDYyMTAwNTc1/800px-charles_darwin_by_julia_margaret_cameron_2jpg.jpg) background-size: contain class: inverse, center, bottom #Happy Darwin Day -- *But as my conclusions have lately been much misrepresented, and it has been stated that I attribute the modification of species exclusively to natural selection, I may be permitted to remark that in the first edition of this work, and subsequently, I placed in a most conspicuous position— namely, at the close of the Introduction—the following words: ‘I am convinced that natural selection has been the main but not the exclusive means of modification.’ This has been of no avail. Great is the power of steady misrepresentation; but the history of science shows that fortunately this power does not long endure.* —Charles Darwin, The origin of species by means of natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life, 1872 (6th edition) --- # What makes a good course?: what you said -- ![](Wk01Models_DensIndGrowth_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-1-1.png) --- class: inverse, center, middle # Introduction to models --- # Types of models Form | Time | Space | Predictability :----------:|:----------:|:------------------:|:--------------: Dynamical | Continuous | Non-spatial | Deternimistic Verbal | Discrete | Spatially-implicit | Stochastic Graphical | | Spatial-explicit | Statistical | | | Etc. | | | --- ## Continuous and discrete time ### Continous * Variables in the model change all of the time * Generations are *overlapping* * There is no inherent delay between "events" * No built-in periodicity (e.g., seasonality) -- ### Discrete * Variables in the model change at predefined, constant increments * Generations can be *non-overlapping* * There is a delay between "events" * Commonly used for periodic (e.g., seasonal) systems --- ## Parts of dynamical models ### State variables: change over time * Examples in non-ecological models include: concentration, position, temperature, current, allele frequency, GDP * Examples in ecological models include: abundance, density, position, yield, resource concentration -- *** ### Parameters: constants that generally don't change over time * Examples in non-ecological models: slection coefficients, distance, viscosity, mutation, decay * Examples in ecological models: births, deaths, strength of density dependence, sign (e.g., predators always have a - effect on prey) --- ## General anatomy of a dynamical model ### State variable(s) * For this course, we are focused on abundance or density, commonly abbreviated as `\(N\)` * Time will be abbreviated as `\(t\)` -- ### Generally $$ \frac{\Delta N}{\Delta t} = f(N) $$ -- #### Some conventions * For discrete-time models we use `\(N_t\)` * For continuous-time models we use `\(N(t)\)`. Although for this class, and generally throughout the ecological literature (including in the book), we simply write `\(N\)` --- ## Anatomy of a dynamical model: discrete time * General dyanmic model $$f(N) = \frac{\Delta N}{\Delta t} = $$ -- * Geometric growth: constant growth, discrete time `$$N_{t+1} = N_t + RN_t$$` -- * Writing a function in `R` ```r geom.growth <- function(Nt, R) { * Nt1 <- Nt + R*Nt return(Nt1) } ``` -- * An example with `\(N_t = 1\)` and `\(R = 0.1\)`: ```r geom.growth(Nt = 1, R = 0.1) ``` ``` ## [1] 1.1 ``` --- ## Anatomy of a dynamical model: continuous time * General dyanmic model $$f(N) = \frac{\Delta N}{\Delta t} = $$ -- * Geometric growth: constant growth, discrete time `$$\frac{dN}{dt} = rN$$` -- * Writing a function in `R` ```r exp.growth <- function(Nft, r) { * dNdt <- r*Nft return(dNdt) } ``` -- * An example with `\(N = 1\)` and `\(r = 0.1\)`: ```r exp.growth(Nft = 1, r = 0.1) ``` ``` ## [1] 0.1 ``` --- ## Continuous and discrete time (with equations) ### Continous * Variables in the model change all of the time * Generations are *overlapping* * There is no inherent delay between "events" * No built-in seasonality `$$\frac{dN}{dt} = f(N)$$` -- ### Discrete * Variables in the model change at predefined, constant increments * Generations can be *non-overlapping* * There is a delay between "events" * Commonly used for periodic (e.g., seasonal) systems $$ N_{t+1} = N_t + f(N_t) $$ --- class: inverse, center, middle # Density-indepedent change --- # The simplest models: constant change .pull-left[ Geometric growth for `\(R = 0.1\)` and `\(N_1 = 2\)`: $$ \vphantom{\frac{dN}{dt}} N_{t+1} = N_t + RN_t $$  ] -- .pull-right[ Exponential growth for `\(r = 0.1\)` and `\(N(1) = 2\)`: $$ \frac{dN}{dt} = rN $$  ] --- # Note that continous time is always greater than discrete time  --- # The simplest models: constant change .pull-left[ Geometric growth for `\(R = -0.25\)` and `\(N_1 = 10\)`: $$ \vphantom{\frac{dN}{dt}} N_{t+1} = N_t + RN_t $$  ] -- .pull-right[ Exponential growth for `\(r = -0.25\)` and `\(N(1) = 10\)`: $$ \frac{dN}{dt} = rN $$  ] --- # Note that continous time is always greater than discrete time  --- class: inverse, center, middle # So I have a model, what do I do with it? --- # What do to with models (including density-independent growth and everything we wil cover for this course) * Analyze it! * Simulate it * Solve it * Find long-term behavior * Determine behavior if perturbed * Make predictions -- * Vizualize it! * Plot a time series of `\(t\)` and population size ( `\(N\)` ) * Plot population size ( `\(N\)` ) and population growth `\(\frac{\Delta N}{\Delta t}\)` * Plot population size ( `\(N\)` ) and growth per individual (per-capita) `\(\frac{1}{N}\frac{\Delta N}{\Delta t}\)` --- # Analyze it!: simulation .pull-left[ **Code and output** for discrete-time growth (simulating it): ```r max.time <- 20 timesteps <- 1:100 N <- vector(mode = "numeric", length = max.time) N[1] <- 2 R <- 0.1 for (i in 2:max.time) { N[i] <- N[i-1] + R*N[i-1] } round(N[1:3], 2) ## [1] 2.00 2.20 2.42 round(N[(max.time - 2):max.time], 2) ## [1] 10.11 11.12 12.23 ``` ] .pull-right[ **Code and output** for continuous-time growth (not simulating it, but using the solution [simulating differential equations is a bit more involved]): ```r N0 <- 2 r <- 0.1 timesteps <- seq(0, 20, by = 1) len.time <- length(timesteps) N <- N0*exp(r*timesteps) round(N[1:3], 2) ## [1] 2.00 2.21 2.44 round(N[(len.time - 2):len.time], 2) ## [1] 12.10 13.37 14.78 ``` ] --- # Analyze it!: solve it .pull-left[ **Discrete time**: `$$\begin{align} N_{t+1} &= \lambda N_t \\ N_{t+2} &= \lambda N_{t+1} \\ N_{t+2} &= \lambda (\lambda N_t) \\ N_{t+2} &= \lambda ^2 N_t \\ N_{t+3} &= \lambda ^3 N_t \\ ...  Find long-term behavior, determine behavior if perturbed, make predictions Not too much happening with this simple, linear model: * Long-term behavior: continues to grow or shrink at a constant rate * Determinted behavior if perturbed: continues to grow or shrink at a constant rate * Make predictions: continues to grow or shrink at a constant rate --- # Vizualize it!: Plot a time series (already did it) .pull-left[ Geometric growth for `\(R = 0.1\)` and `\(N_1 = 2\)`: $$ \vphantom{\frac{dN}{dt}} N_{t+1} = N_t + RN_t $$  ] -- .pull-right[ Exponential growth for `\(r = 0.1\)` and `\(N(1) = 2\)`: $$ \frac{dN}{dt} = rN $$  ] --- # Vizualize it!: Plot population growth against density .pull-left[ Geometric growth for `\(R = 0.1\)` and `\(N_1 = 2\)`:  ] -- .pull-right[ Exponential growth for `\(r = 0.1\)` and `\(N(1) = 2\)`:  ] --- # Vizualize it!: Plot per-capita growth against density .pull-left[ Geometric growth for `\(R = 0.1\)` and `\(N_1 = 2\)`:  ] -- .pull-right[ Exponential growth for `\(r = 0.1\)` and `\(N(1) = 2\)`:  ] --- # The human-space problem In the beginning of the chapter there was a leitmotif on the maximum number of individuals that can exist before the next one squishes all of them to death. Out of my own morbid curiosity, please continue to work in pairs and figure out (1) what the maximum human population can be and (2) how long it will take for humans to reach that point using the following data and a discrete model of growth? - [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth) reads that the land surface area is 148,940,000 km$^2$. - How much area does 1 person occupy? -- .pull-left[

] .pull-right[ ![human pop growth](https://ourworldindata.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/updated-World-Population-Growth-1750-2100.png) ] --- # A note about a subsumption of *r* ### *r* is the difference between births and deaths -- Specific to our discrete-time density-independent models, this means: `$$N_{t+1} = N_t + RN_t = N_t + BN_t - DN_t$$` -- And the solution would be: `$$N_t = N_0(1 + B - D)^t$$` -- Specific to our continous-time density-independent models, this means: `$$\frac{dN}{dt} = rN = (b-d)N$$` -- And the solution would be: `$$N(t) = N(0)e^{t(b - d)}$$`


We’re thrilled that our ITO feature is so well received after its release within a month! In our last ITO with Loopring, ~$50000 worth of $LRC was sold out in less than 3 minutes.
In light of recent events involving WallStreetBets, Robinhood and Elon Musk, which grabbed everyone’s attention throughout the world, Mask Network, together with Mirror Protocol, OKEx,Transak are excited to offer $mTSLA on Twitter. The ITO will grant exposure to the power of Mirrored Assets (mAssets) to a social media audience anxiously anticipating an alternative to conventional trading apps like Robinhood.
Permissionless for users worldwide, synthetic assets, censorship-resistent— all inside Mask and without leaving Twitter. With Tesla stock among the most popular equities for young traders and Twitter memes, it serves as a fitting inaugural ITO choice for mAssets.
The ITO for $mTSLA will enable its users to directly purchase $mTSLA using $wBTC, $UST or $OKB via Mask Network plug-in on Twitter. The total offering will be 100 shares of $mTSLA (~$80K) at a 10% discount. ITO participants are limited to 1 $mTSLA per address.
The ITO will officially begin on 02/03/21 at 1 PM EST — New York (02/04/21 at 2 AM CST — Beijing). Mirror will provide the direct link to the ITO just prior to the launch.
This image is for reference only.
Mask Network offers a direct fiat gateway to $UST (by Transak), meaning that users can purchase $UST with fiat right on Twitter. Go from $USD → $UST → $mTSLA in minutes. Direct $wBTC purchase and other major cryptocurrencies work as well.
ITO Details
Token Type: ERC20
Symbol: $mTSLA
Quote Tokens: $wBTC, $UST, $OKB
Launch Time：02/03–1 PM EST — New York / 02/04–2 AM GMT+8— Beijing
Offering Value: 100 shares of $mTSLA
Limit Per Address: 1 $mTSLA per address
Discount: 10% off
Please make sure the Mask Network plug-in is all set up and the wallet is connected in advance. (MetaMask, Wallet Connect, and Mask Wallet is supported)
As Elon Musk said earlier, “In hindsight, it was inevitable.” Mask Network is looking forward to engaging with Mirror further about avenues to bring more mAssets to the Twitter world — giving financially disenfranchised users access to macro asset classes via permissionless technology.
Mask Network’s Twitter Offering is a brand-new way of token issuance and swapping. Its permissionless nature allows anyone to launch offerings at any time without leaving Twitter. You can also create an ITO of your own. We look forward to seeing more individuals and projects to join us and enjoy offering your token directly on Twitter!
How to participate in an ITO?
- Download
Download and Install Mask at http://mask.io. You can also search Mask Network in the Chrome or Firefox extension store.
- Onboarding
New users can follow the instructions on setup. Create a new persona → connect with a Twitter account.
Mask will automatically jump to the Twitter page and detect your username. Confirm your username and click “Connect to twitter.com”.
Now you can say hi to your friends! Just click “Compose Encrypted Post” and choose who can decrypt your post.
- Set up Wallet
Mask will automatically create a new wallet address for new users. Click the Blue Mask Icon on the top right corner. → Click “Enter Dashboard” → Click “Wallet” to view your wallet. Remember to back it up.
-Mask supports importing other wallets.
Method1:
Again, Click the blue smiley face on the top right corner. → Click “Enter Dashboard”. → Click “Wallet”.→ Click the existing wallet address. → Click “Change” to connect with your daily wallet. (Now supports “MetaMask” and “ WalletConnect” )
Method2:
Search $XXX in Twitter. → Click “Swap🔥”. → Click the existing wallet address. → Click “Change” to connect with your daily wallet.
- ITO
Find the ITO tweet on Twitter (@mirror_protocal) after it begins. Click “Enter”.
“MSKB” in this image is for reference only
Review the Swap Reminder carefully and click “I understand”→ Click “Continue”.
“Mask Token B” in this image is for reference only
Enter the amount you want to buy and click “Enter”→Confirm your transaction.
“MSKB” in this image is for reference only
After the transaction is confirmed, you will see a success page and also you can check your assets on the Mask Dashboard.
“MSKB” in this image is for reference only
-About Mirror
Mirror is a DeFi protocol powered by smart contracts on the Terra network that enables the creation of synthetic assets called Mirrored Assets (mAssets). mAssets mimic the price behaviour of real-world assets and give traders anywhere in the world open access to price exposure without the burdens of owning or transacting real assets. Mirror is a community-governed project that seeks to unlock the wealth creation of major asset classes to users around the world via a permissionless access model.
| Website | Docs | Github | Medium | Telegram | Discord |
-About OKEx
OKEx offers the most diverse marketplace where global crypto traders, miners and institutional investors come to manage crypto assets, enhance investment opportunities and hedge risks We provide spot and derivatives trading including futures, perpetual swap and options of major cryptocurrencies, offering investors flexibility in formulating their strategies to maximize gains and mitigate risks.
-About Transak
Transak is a global fiat to crypto payment gateway. On a mission to make crypto and DeFi simple and accessible, Transak allows businesses to onboard more users, in any app or website. Supporting more than 1000 cryptocurrencies across multiple chains and layer2 networks, users can buy or sell digital assets conveniently using a wide variety of payment methods in more than 60 countries with competitive fees.
-About Mask Network
Mask Network is a core product of Dimension, which was officially launched in July 2019. Its main function is encryption/decryption, and it’s continually developing around this point. Mask Network (originally named Maskbook) is a portal that allows users to seamlessly send encrypted messages, cryptocurrencies, and even DApps (Defi, NFTs, DAO) over the top of social networks without migrating, and thereby creating a decentralized Applet(DApplet) ecosystem. In short, we want to bridge the New, Open Internet right on top of the current one.
Github https://github.com/DimensionDev
Twitter https://twitter.com/realMaskNetwork
Facebook https://www.facebook.com/masknetwork
Discord https://discord.com/invite/cKGW45g
Telegram (English) https://t.me/maskbook_group
Telegram （中文） https://t.me/masknetwork_cn


THE LAST SUPPER 1995 A film review by Timothy Voon Copyright 1997 Timothy Voon :-( :-( :-( :-( for a deluded dinner party
Cast: Cameron Diaz, Courtney B. Vance, Annabeth Gish, Jonathan Penner, Ron Eldard, Nora Dunn, Ron Perlman Director: Stacy Title Screenplay: Dan Rosen
The question posed to the viewer. If able to journey into the past to kill Adolf Hitler, would you do it?
This group of supposedly intelligent college graduates (see above cast), with very liberal views would. As a result they have decided to rid the world of all the would be Adolf Hitlers. Namely people who are harmless, but politically incorrect in their eyes.
This meal is particularly distasteful, as we watch these college graduates become the person who they hate most - Hitler himself. What gives them the right to decide who lives and who dies. There is no victory or satisfaction in watching people murdered at the dining table, just because they have a different perception to life than what is considered the norm. Although the grads realise their mistake in the end, it doesn't make the viewer any happier that they had to kill eleven people to find this out. Now if they had truly understood the full meaning of "The Lord's Supper", words like forgiveness, tolerance and compassion would have been extended to their guests instead of a bottle of wine laced with arsenic.
Timothy Voon e-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


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PyNE,
the Nuclear Engineering Toolkit, is a suite of tools to aid in
computational nuclear science and engineering. PyNE seeks to provide
native implementations of common nuclear algorithms, as well as
Python bindings and I/O support for other industry standard
nuclear codes.
Contact:
Katy Huff,
Rachel Slaybaugh,
Paul Wilson,
Anthony Scopatz


Neiafu is on the southern coast of Utu Vava'u, the principal island of the Vava'u archipelago in northern Tonga. With the opening of The BoatYard here in August/September 2015 - a brand new yacht haulage and hard stand facility - Tonga will now have facility for boats to haul out and stay during cyclone season.
Cafe Tropicana is now hosting an AIS Receiver on behalf on www.marinetraffic.com. Data can be seen on the website free.
Be aware that Vava'u has 3 FADs (Fish Aggregating Devices) on the reef south of Pangi.
In Neiafu VHF CH 26 is the cruisers' channel with booster aerials which allow you to use this channel throughout the Vava'u group. In season a cruiser's net operates at 0830 each morning.
Position: 18°39'28"S, 173° 58'59"W (anchorage)
Position 18°40'24"S, 174° 01'57"W (entrance channel)
See Tonga/Formalities for full clearance details.
See Tonga/Fees for details of the charges.
When entering Tongan waters, fly the Q
flag.
On entering the harbour, if this is a first entry into Tonga, yachts should call Vava'u Radio on VHF 26. You may/may not receive a reply.
Berthing for International Clearance
Do not tie to the main ferry pier (the one perpendicular to the shore) - the ship's vertical rubber fendering makes it impossible to fender a yacht. Go alongside the fisherman's pier just before it and in busy times be prepared to let fellow sailors raft up. You may be asked for a small fee for use of the pier that belongs to the fishermen.
Berthing Note: It is important you have your fenders high up on low tide (port side) as there is an overhanging edge which yachts with low freeboard could slide under. In strong winds blowing you onto the pier it can be difficult to get off. If you feel that docking here would be unwise, take a mooring buoy further inside the harbour and proceed directly to the officials who are usually understanding if you say it is dangerous.
Clearance for Domestic Clearance
If clearing to move to or arriving from another island group, it is permissible to anchor and dinghy ashore to visit the relevant offices.
International Inward Clearance
The Authorities will all come aboard, eventually. It could take four hours to complete the process. Fees will total about $130 (Tongan dollars) - ATMs are close by. Ensure you get government receipts.
Important Note: Some cruisers have been asked for alcohol or cigarettes by officials. Politely turn down such requests. Also see warning under docking about local named Alofi, who may approach you on arrival.
Departing Neiafu for another Island Group
Day sailing within the island groups is not restricted, but a Local Movement Report (Small Craft) is required when moving between groups served by customs offices (see Documents for details).
Any harbour dues should be paid prior to visiting Customs as the receipt needs to be shown to obtain the Local Movement Report. Go to Immigration first (no fee), and then the Port Captain to pay harbour fees (10 minute walk, road opposite Westpac heading north, fourth turn, end of tarred road, turn right, follow road, ministry of Infrastructure on right with major road working machinery). Customs by the main wharf must then be visited to obtain the Local Movement Report provided free on showing payment of Harbour dues.
There is no need to take you boat back to the fishing pier for a domestic check-out. On arrival at the next island group, one must contact Customs on arrival. When travelling between Nuku'alofa and Vava'u, or vice versa, one can request that the Local Movement Report includes Ha'apai if intending to stop in that island group.
Outward International Clearance
When leaving for a foreign port, you will need to clear out at the fishing pier where you arrived. Go to Immigration first, and then the Port Captain to pay harbour fees (see directions above). You then need to take your boat to the fishing pier and clear out with Customs. After Customs you are expected to leave immediately.
Clearance Hours
Boats are cleared between 08:30 and 16:30 Monday to Friday. They are closed for lunch, usually 12:30-13:30. Lunchtime, after-hours, and Saturday check-ins are available by special arrangement and for a fee.
If arriving after hours or at weekends and you prefer to wait until normal office opening times, boats are allowed to stay at anchor, flying the Q flag, but may not go ashore until clearance is completed.
Customs - at the Wharf
GPS coordinates: 18°39'7.04"S 173°59'4.18"W
Tel: +676 70053 or +676 70928, VHF Ch. 26
Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>No fees during working hours inward/outward. $130 per hour Sat/Sun OVERTIME.
Immigration - at the Wharf
Tonga Development Bank - First Floor
GPS coordinates: 18°39'11.99"S 173°58'56.65"W
Tel: +676 70629 or +676 71443, VHF Ch. 26
Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>No fees inward/outward except visa charges. $70 per hour Sat/Sun OVERTIME.
Marine and Ports - at the wharf
Ministry of Infrastructure compound
GPS coordinates: 18°38'57.61"S 173°58'43.86"W
Tel: +676 70100 +676 70657
Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Website: www.infrastructure.gov.to/marine-ports
Vava’u: Lights and buoys fee $0.45 per gross tonne per month. MUST be paid prior to Immigration and customs and clearing out!
Nuku’alofa: $2.45 per gross tonne per month (however, cruisers have reported being charged $4.32 per gross tonne plus 20% tax here).
Ha’apai: Free
Ministry of Health - Ngu Hospital
Tel: +676 70201 or 7584644. Emergency +676 111/911
Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Website: www.health.gov.to
$100 Practique plus rubbish charge, $100 per hour Sat/Sun OVERTIME.
Clearance Assistance
The local radio net, VHF Ch. 26, 08:30, 7 days a week, will help provide useful information, run by various local marine operators.
Last updated March 2016.
When entering the Harbour call Marine and Ports (Harbourmaster/Customs) on VHF Ch. 26.
Neiafu harbour is very well protected and experiences fewer cyclones than Fiji and there are a few operators who rent cyclone moorings for that season which conform to insurance standards. Some will also provide an excellent, reliable caretaker service.
Moorings
Yachts can hire moorings on both sides of Neiafu Harbour. Remember that all the moorings belong to someone, so request permission before picking one up and enquire about strength for your size of boat. Many are not properly marked. Don't try to just pick up a mooring without clearing in, the officials watch carefully.
Moorings can be rented from Beluga Diving (VHF 09) or Moorings (VHF 72) for approx T$15 per night. Weekly or monthly rates can be arranged. All moorings are marked. Arrange a mooring prior to picking it up. Moorings (Charter company) own some moorings, but mostly for their Fleet of charter yachts, so be sure to check first before picking one of theirs up.
In the outer anchorages, the moorings in Hunga (anchorage #13) belong to Ika Lahi (CH 71) or Hunga Haven (Ch 26); in Tapana (anchorage #11) they belong to The Ark/Tapana (CH 10) and in Mounu (anchorage #41) to Mounu (CH 77).
The following anchorages (#6, #7, #8, #19, #32 and Maninita) have moorings put down to protect the coral and are free to pick up - but donations are expected to help maintenance & placement of future moorings (receipts given at cafe Tropicana, Aquarium and Moorings). Maintenance of these moorings is questionable, so be sure to check.
Anchoring
If you choose to anchor instead, it is important that you do so far enough away from any moorings. On the western-side there are some good anchor spots toward the north. On the eastern-side there is plenty of room more to the south. Anchorage space can be a problem close to town because of deep water, except where most moorings are located.
Warning
Neiafu has one bad apple, a local call Alofi. It is recommended you refuse all services offered by Alofi. Read report here.
The owners of the Cafe Tropicana (see below) are Port Officers for the OCC, NZ ICA (Island Cruising Association) and the SSCA. There is a TransOcean Cruising Club Port Captain – Elki and Verner - based in Hunga on VHF 26.
Last updated September 2016.
Port of Refuge (Vava'u) Yacht Club is located at the Mango Cafe.


$ Class
Return a collection of matched elements either found in the DOM based on passed argument(s) or created by passing an HTML string.
Methods
children
-
Selector
Get the children of each element in the set of matched elements, optionally filtered by a selector.
Parameters:
-
Selector
StringA string containing a selector expression to match elements against.
closest
-
Selector
For each element in the set, get the first element that matches the selector by testing the element itself and traversing up through its ancestors in the DOM tree.
Parameters:
-
Selector
StringA string containing a selector expression to match elements against.
filter
-
Selector
Filter the set of matched elements, optionally filtered by a selector.
Parameters:
-
Selector
StringA string containing a selector expression to match elements against.
find
-
Selector
Get the descendants of each element in the current set of matched elements, filtered by a selector, Bonzo object, or element.

Parameters:
-
eventType
StringAn event (or multiple events, space separated) to listen to
-
[handler]
Arguments optionalAdditional arguments to pass to the callback function
off
-
eventType
-
[args]
off() is how you get rid of handlers once you no longer want them active. It's also a good idea to call off on elements before you remove them from your DOM; this gives Bean a chance to clean up some things and prevents memory leaks.
Parameters:
-
eventType
StringAn event (or multiple events, space separated) to listen to
-
[args]
Function optionalthe specific callback function to remove
on
-
eventType
-
[selector]
-
handler
-
[args]
lets you attach event listeners to both elements and objects.
Parameters:
-
eventType
StringAn event (or multiple events, space separated) to listen to
-
[selector]
String optionalA CC DOM Element selector string to bind the listener to child elements matching the selector
-
handler
FunctionThe callback function
-
[args]
Arguments optionalAdditional arguments to pass to the callback function
Example:
$('.selector').on('click', function() {
// do something
});
$('.selector').on('click.action', function(e) {
e.preventDefault();
// do other stuff
});
one
()
chainable
one() is an alias for bean.on() except that the handler will only be executed once and then removed for the event type(s).
parents
-
Selector
Get the ancestors of each element in the current set of matched elements, optionally filtered by a selector.
Parameters:
-
Selector
StringA string containing a selector expression to match elements against.
siblings
-
Selector
Get the siblings of each element in the set of matched elements, optionally filtered by a selector.
Parameters:
-
Selector
StringA string containing a selector expression to match elements against.


nips nips2006 nips2006-21 nips2006-21-reference knowledge-graph by maker-knowledge-mining
Source: pdf
Author: Peter L. Bartlett, Mikhail Traskin
Abstract: The risk, or probability of error, of the classiﬁer produced by the AdaBoost algorithm is investigated. In particular, we consider the stopping strategy to be used in AdaBoost to achieve universal consistency. We show that provided AdaBoost is stopped after nν iterations—for sample size n and ν < 1—the sequence of risks of the classiﬁers it produces approaches the Bayes risk if Bayes risk L∗ > 0. 1
[1] Yoav Freund and Robert E. Schapire. A decision-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting. Journal of Computer and System Sciences, 55(1):119–139, 1997.
[2] Leo Breiman. Bagging predictors. Machine Learning, 24(2):123–140, 1996.
[3] Leo Breiman. Arcing classiﬁers (with discussion). The Annals of Statistics, 26(3):801–849, 1998. (Was Department of Statistics, U.C. Berkeley Technical Report 460, 1996).
[4] Leo Breiman. Some inﬁnite theory for predictor ensembles. Technical Report 579, Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, 2000.
[5] Wenxin Jiang. On weak base hypotheses and their implications for boosting regression and classiﬁcation. The Annals of Statistics, 30:51–73, 2002.
[6] G´ bor Lugosi and Nicolas Vayatis. On the Bayes-risk consistency of regularized boosting a methods. The Annals of Statistics, 32(1):30–55, 2004.
[7] Tong Zhang. Statistical behavior and consistency of classiﬁcation methods based on convex risk minimization. The Annals of Statistics, 32(1):56–85, 2004.
[8] Tong Zhang and Bin Yu. Boosting with early stopping: convergence and consistency. The Annals of Statistics, 33:1538–1579, 2005.
[9] Wenxin Jiang. Process consistency for AdaBoost. The Annals of Statistics, 32(1):13–29, 2004.
[10] P. J. Bickel, Y. Ritov, and A. Zakai. Some theory for generalized boosting algorithms. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 7:705–732, May 2006.
[11] Martin Anthony and Peter Bartlett. Neural network learning: theoretical foundations. Cambridge University Press, 1999.
[12] V. Koltchinskii and D. Panchenko. Empirical margin distributions and bounding the generalization error of combined classiﬁers. The Annals of Statistics, 30:1–50, 2002.
[13] Michel Ledoux and Michel Talagrand. Probability in Banach Spaces. Springer-Verlag, New York, 1991.
[14] Richard M. Dudley. Uniform central limit theorems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1999.
[15] David Pollard. Empirical Processes: Theory and Applications. IMS, 1990.
[16] Luc Devroye, L´ szl´ Gy¨ rﬁ, and G´ bor Lugosi. A Probabilistic Theory of Pattern Recognition. a o o a Springer, New York, 1996.
[17] Peter L. Bartlett, Michael I. Jordan, and Jon D. McAuliffe. Convexity, classiﬁcation, and risk bounds. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 101(473):138–156, 2006.


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Jinja2 supports extensions that can add extra filters, tests, globals or even extend the parser. The main motivation of extensions is it to move often used code into a reusable class like adding support for internationalization.
Extensions are added to the Jinja2 environment at creation time. Once the environment is created additional extensions cannot be added. To add an extension pass a list of extension classes or import paths to the environment parameter of the Environment constructor. The following example creates a Jinja2 environment with the i18n extension loaded:
jinja_env = Environment(extensions=['jinja2.ext.i18n'])
Import name: jinja2.ext.i18n
Jinja2 currently comes with one extension, the i18n extension. It can be used in combination with gettext or babel. If the i18n extension is enabled Jinja2 provides a trans statement that marks the wrapped string as translatable and calls gettext.
After enabling dummy _ function that forwards calls to gettext is added to the environment globals. An internationalized application then has to provide at least an gettext and optionally a ngettext function into the namespace. Either globally or for each rendering.
After enabling of the extension the environment provides the following additional methods:
Installs a translation globally for that environment. The tranlations object provided must implement at least ugettext and ungettext. The gettext.NullTranslations and gettext.GNUTranslations classes as well as Babels Translations class are supported.
Changed in version 2.5: newstyle gettext added
Install dummy gettext functions. This is useful if you want to prepare the application for internationalization but don’t want to implement the full internationalization system yet.
Changed in version 2.5: newstyle gettext added
Installs the given gettext and ngettext callables into the environment as globals. They are supposed to behave exactly like the standard library’s gettext.ugettext() and gettext.ungettext() functions.
If newstyle is activated, the callables are wrapped to work like newstyle callables. See Newstyle Gettext for more information.
New in version 2.5.
Uninstall the translations again.
Extract localizable strings from the given template node or source.
For every string found this function yields a (lineno, function, message) tuple, where:
If Babel is installed the babel integration can be used to extract strings for babel.
For a web application that is available in multiple languages but gives all the users the same language (for example a multilingual forum software installed for a French community) may load the translations once and add the translation methods to the environment at environment generation time:
translations = get_gettext_translations()
env = Environment(extensions=['jinja2.ext.i18n'])
env.install_gettext_translations(translations)
The get_gettext_translations function would return the translator for the current configuration. (For example by using gettext.find)
The usage of the i18n extension for template designers is covered as part of the template documentation.
New in version 2.5.
Starting with version 2.5 you can use newstyle gettext calls. These are inspired by trac’s internal gettext functions and are fully supported by the babel extraction tool. They might not work as expected by other extraction tools in case you are not using Babel’s.
What’s the big difference between standard and newstyle gettext calls? In general they are less to type and less error prone. Also if they are used in an autoescaping environment they better support automatic escaping. Here some common differences between old and new calls:
standard gettext:
{{ gettext('Hello World!') }}
{{ gettext('Hello %(name)s!')|format(name='World') }}
{{ ngettext('%(num)d apple', '%(num)d apples', apples|count)|format(
num=apples|count
)}}
newstyle gettext looks like this instead:
{{ gettext('Hello World!') }}
{{ gettext('Hello %(name)s!', name='World') }}
{{ ngettext('%(num)d apple', '%(num)d apples', apples|count) }}
The advantages of newstyle gettext is that you have less to type and that named placeholders become mandatory. The latter sounds like a disadvantage but solves a lot of troubles translators are often facing when they are unable to switch the positions of two placeholder. With newstyle gettext, all format strings look the same.
Furthermore with newstyle gettext, string formatting is also used if no placeholders are used which makes all strings behave exactly the same. Last but not least are newstyle gettext calls able to properly mark strings for autoescaping which solves lots of escaping related issues many templates are experiencing over time when using autoescaping.
Import name: jinja2.ext.do
The “do” aka expression-statement extension adds a simple do tag to the template engine that works like a variable expression but ignores the return value.
Import name: jinja2.ext.loopcontrols
This extension adds support for break and continue in loops. After enabling Jinja2 provides those two keywords which work exactly like in Python.
Import name: jinja2.ext.with_
New in version 2.3.
This extension adds support for the with keyword. Using this keyword it is possible to enforce a nested scope in a template. Variables can be declared directly in the opening block of the with statement or using a standard set statement directly within.
Import name: jinja2.ext.autoescape
New in version 2.4.
The autoescape extension allows you to toggle the autoescape feature from within the template. If the environment’s autoescape setting is set to False it can be activated, if it’s True it can be deactivated. The setting overriding is scoped.
By writing extensions you can add custom tags to Jinja2. This is a non trival task and usually not needed as the default tags and expressions cover all common use cases. The i18n extension is a good example of why extensions are useful, another one would be fragment caching.
When writing extensions you have to keep in mind that you are working with the Jinja2 template compiler which does not validate the node tree you are passing to it. If the AST is malformed you will get all kinds of compiler or runtime errors that are horrible to debug. Always make sure you are using the nodes you create correctly. The API documentation below shows which nodes exist and how to use them.
The following example implements a cache tag for Jinja2 by using the Werkzeug caching contrib module:
from jinja2 import nodes
from jinja2.ext import Extension
class FragmentCacheExtension(Extension):
# a set of names that trigger the extension.
tags = set(['cache'])
def __init__(self, environment):
super(FragmentCacheExtension, self).__init__(environment)
# add the defaults to the environment
environment.extend(
fragment_cache_prefix='',
fragment_cache=None
)
def parse(self, parser):
# the first token is the token that started the tag. In our case
# we only listen to ``'cache'`` so this will be a name token with
# `cache` as value. We get the line number so that we can give
# that line number to the nodes we create by hand.
lineno = parser.stream.next().lineno
# now we parse a single expression that is used as cache key.
args = [parser.parse_expression()]
# if there is a comma, the user provided a timeout. If not use
# None as second parameter.
if parser.stream.skip_if('comma'):
args.append(parser.parse_expression())
else:
args.append(nodes.Const(None))
# now we parse the body of the cache block up to `endcache` and
# drop the needle (which would always be `endcache` in that case)
body = parser.parse_statements(['name:endcache'], drop_needle=True)
# now return a `CallBlock` node that calls our _cache_support
# helper method on this extension.
return nodes.CallBlock(self.call_method('_cache_support', args),
[], [], body).set_lineno(lineno)
def _cache_support(self, name, timeout, caller):
"""Helper callback."""
key = self.environment.fragment_cache_prefix + name
# try to load the block from the cache
# if there is no fragment in the cache, render it and store
# it in the cache.
rv = self.environment.fragment_cache.get(key)
if rv is not None:
return rv
rv = caller()
self.environment.fragment_cache.add(key, rv, timeout)
return rv
And here is how you use it in an environment:
from jinja2 import Environment
from werkzeug.contrib.cache import SimpleCache
env = Environment(extensions=[FragmentCacheExtension])
env.fragment_cache = SimpleCache()
Inside the template it’s then possible to mark blocks as cacheable. The following example caches a sidebar for 300 seconds:
{% cache 'sidebar', 300 %}
<div class="sidebar">
...
</div>
{% endcache %}
Extensions always have to extend the jinja2.ext.Extension class:
Extensions can be used to add extra functionality to the Jinja template system at the parser level. Custom extensions are bound to an environment but may not store environment specific data on self. The reason for this is that an extension can be bound to another environment (for overlays) by creating a copy and reassigning the environment attribute.
As extensions are created by the environment they cannot accept any arguments for configuration. One may want to work around that by using a factory function, but that is not possible as extensions are identified by their import name. The correct way to configure the extension is storing the configuration values on the environment. Because this way the environment ends up acting as central configuration storage the attributes may clash which is why extensions have to ensure that the names they choose for configuration are not too generic. prefix for example is a terrible name, fragment_cache_prefix on the other hand is a good name as includes the name of the extension (fragment cache).
The identifier of the extension. This is always the true import name of the extension class and must not be changed.
If the extension implements custom tags this is a set of tag names the extension is listening for.
Return an attribute node for the current extension. This is useful to pass constants on extensions to generated template code.
self.attr('_my_attribute', lineno=lineno)
Call a method of the extension. This is a shortcut for attr() + jinja2.nodes.Call.
It’s passed a TokenStream that can be used to filter tokens returned. This method has to return an iterable of Tokens, but it doesn’t have to return a TokenStream.
In the ext folder of the Jinja2 source distribution there is a file called inlinegettext.py which implements a filter that utilizes this method.
The parser passed to Extension.parse() provides ways to parse expressions of different types. The following methods may be used by extensions:
This is the central parsing class Jinja2 uses. It’s passed to extensions and can be used to parse expressions or statements.
The filename of the template the parser processes. This is not the load name of the template. For the load name see name. For templates that were not loaded form the file system this is None.
The load name of the template.
The current TokenStream
Convenience method that raises exc with the message, passed line number or last line number as well as the current name and filename.
Parse an assignment target. As Jinja2 allows assignments to tuples, this function can parse all allowed assignment targets. Per default assignments to tuples are parsed, that can be disable however by setting with_tuple to False. If only assignments to names are wanted name_only can be set to True. The extra_end_rules parameter is forwarded to the tuple parsing function.
Parse an expression. Per default all expressions are parsed, if the optional with_condexpr parameter is set to False conditional expressions are not parsed.
Parse multiple statements into a list until one of the end tokens is reached. This is used to parse the body of statements as it also parses template data if appropriate. The parser checks first if the current token is a colon and skips it if there is one. Then it checks for the block end and parses until if one of the end_tokens is reached. Per default the active token in the stream at the end of the call is the matched end token. If this is not wanted drop_needle can be set to True and the end token is removed.
Works like parse_expression but if multiple expressions are delimited by a comma a Tuple node is created. This method could also return a regular expression instead of a tuple if no commas where found.
The default parsing mode is a full tuple. If simplified is True only names and literals are parsed. The no_condexpr parameter is forwarded to parse_expression().
Because tuples do not require delimiters and may end in a bogus comma an extra hint is needed that marks the end of a tuple. For example for loops support tuples between for and in. In that case the extra_end_rules is set to ['name:in'].
explicit_parentheses is true if the parsing was triggered by an expression in parentheses. This is used to figure out if an empty tuple is a valid expression or not.
A token stream is an iterable that yields Tokens. The parser however does not iterate over it but calls next() to go one token ahead. The current active token is stored as current.
Are we at the end of the stream?
Expect a given token type and return it. This accepts the same argument as jinja2.lexer.Token.test().
Go one token ahead and return the old one
Token class.
The line number of the token
The type of the token. This string is interned so you may compare it with arbitrary strings using the is operator.
The value of the token.
There is also a utility function in the lexer module that can count newline characters in strings:
The AST (Abstract Syntax Tree) is used to represent a template after parsing. It’s build of nodes that the compiler then converts into executable Python code objects. Extensions that provide custom statements can return nodes to execute custom Python code.
The list below describes all nodes that are currently available. The AST may change between Jinja2 versions but will stay backwards compatible.
For more information have a look at the repr of jinja2.Environment.parse().


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Features
- chainable message builder
- persistent connection management
- apn feedback service integration
- feature complete mock agents for local-only testing/development
Starting Resources
- Delivering iOS Push Notifications with Node.js: In-depth getting started with push notifications and
apnagent
tutorial.
Related Projects
- apnagent-ios: Tiny iOS application for use with the example(s) and live tests.
- apnagent-playground: Extended examples for connecting, error mitigation and available message types.
Quick Start Guide
apn agent is a Node.js module that facilitates sending notifications via the Apple Push Notification (APN) service. It is production ready and includes a number of a features that make it easy for developers to get running quickly. It also contains several mock helpers which can assist in testing an application or provide feature parity during development.
Installation
apnagent
package is available through npm for Node.js v0.8.x
and v0.10.x
.
npm install apnagent
Generate Certificates
Before using apn agent you will need certificates to establish a secure connection with the APNs or Feedback service. The following steps will walk you through generating these certificates in all of the formats that apn agent supports.
1. Application: Log in the iOS Provision Portal from the Apple Developer website. Select "App IDs" from the left side menu, then "configure" next to the application you wish generate certificates for.
2. Enable: [Screenshot] If it is not already enabled, check the box for "Enable for Apple Push Notification server".
3. Configure: [Screenshot] Select "Configure" for the environment you want to generate certificates for. Follow the wizard's instructions for generating a CSR file. Make sure to save the CSR file in a safe place so that you can reuse it for future certificates.
4. Generate: [Screenshot] After you have uploaded your CSR it will generate a "Apple Push Notification service SSL Certificate". Download it to a safe place.
5. Import: [Screenshot] Once downloaded, locate the file with Finder and double-click to import the certificate into "Keychain Access". Use the filters on the left to locate your newly import certificate if it is not visible. It will be listed under the "login" keychain in the "Certificates" category. Once located, right-click and select "Export".
6. Export: When the export dialog appears be sure that the "File Format" is set at ".p12". Name the file according
to the environment, such as apnagent-dev.p12
and save it to your project directory. You will then be prompted
to enter a password to secure the exported item. This is optional, however if you do specify one you will
need to configure apn agent's classes to use that "passphrase". You will also be prompted for your login password.
7. Convert (optional): apn agent's classes support ".p12" files through the pfx
configuration options to authenticate
connections. The last step is optional but instructs on how to turn a ".p12" file into a "key" and "cert"
pair (".pem" format).
Locate your ".p12" file in a terminal session and execute the following commands.
openssl pkcs12 -clcerts -nokeys -out apnagent-dev-cert.pem -in apnagent-dev.p12
openssl pkcs12 -nocerts -out apnagent-dev-key.pem -in apnagent-dev.p12
The first will generate a ".pem" file for use as the cert
file. The second will generate
a ".pem" file for use as the key
file. The second requires a password be entered to secure
the key. This can be removed by executing the following command.
openssl rsa -in apnagent-dev-key.pem -out apnagent-dev-key.pem
Agent Guide
- Jump to: Agent API
The Agent
class is used to provide a consistent connection to the APN service. In some cases
this documentation will refer to this Agent as the "live agent" to differentiate itself from the
MockAgent
which has feature parity but does not make a real connection to the APN service.
Methodology
Apple insists that a connection "always" be established with the APN service even if there will
be long periods without outbound messages. The Agent
will maintain this connection and reconnect
when it is needed.
The MockAgent
implements all of the same methods and components as the Agent
but it does not
connect to the APN service; It does not need to connect to any service. By using a custom Node.js
Stream the MockAgent
can simulate an outbound socket without
needing any network resources. Keeping things simple is incredibly adventageous for development
and test environment, or applications that are deployed through continous integration.
One oddity of the APN service is that if an message error occurs on the service side the connection will respond with the error referencing which message it had a problem parsing and then disconnect. Any messages that were sent after the errored message will not be parsed by APNs and will need to be resent. apn agent uses a number of components to handle this scenario and ensure all messages are sent without additional intervention from the user.
Configuration
All settings and event are documented later on a per-component basis.
Settings
apn agent uses methods to provide granular setting configuraton. Value based Settings can be
modified using .set()
and boolean based settings cen be modified using .enable()
, or .disable()
.
Furthermore, methods that modify settings are chainable. For example:
agent
.set('cert file', join(__dirname, 'certs/cert.pem'))
.set('key file', join(__dirname, 'certs/key.pem'))
.enable('sandbox');
Core contributors to the
apnagent
module should familiarize themselves with the facet module.
Events
Like most Node.js modules, apn agent's Agent
and MockAgent
classes implement the Node.js-style
EventEmitter paradigm. Event listeners can be added with .on
or .addListener
, removed with .off
or .removeListener
and emitted using .emit
.
agent.on('message:error', function (err, msg) {
// We'll discuss error mitigation later.
});
Core contributors to the
apnagent
module should familiarize themselves with the drip module'sEnhancedEmitter
class.
Gateway Component
The gateway component represents the connection to the APN service. For the live agent it is Node.js tls socket. For the mock agent it is a writable stream. A new gateway is constructed on every connect or reconnect attempt.
Core contributors to the
apnagent
module should familiarize themselves with the lotus module.
Settings
key file, cert file, ca file, pfx file {String} - Set security credentials for the APN service
connection by filename. Must use full path. These options are ignored by the MockAgent
.
key, cert, ca, pfx {Buffer} - Set the raw security credentials for connect to the APN service.
These options are ignored by the MockAgent
.
passphrase {String} - For use with certificates if they are secured with a password. This option
ignored by the MockAgent
.
sandbox {Boolean} (default: false) Should agent connect to the APN sandbox gateway. This option
is ignored by the MockAgent
.
reconnect delay {Number|String} (default: 3s) - Milliseconds after a disconnect that a reconnect
should be attempted. Can also be set as string using s
, m
, h
for seconds, minutes, hours)
respectively.
Events
gateway:connect - Emitted every time a gateway connection is established. Since Apple closes the connection when it cannot process a message, this event may be emitted numerous times in an applications life-cycle.
gateway:reconnect - Emitted after a connection has been re-established after Apple had forcefully closed the connection. May be emitted numerous times in an application's life-cycle.
gateway:error (err) - Emitted if there is a client-side error with gateway. This includes authorization
errors or TLS socket errors. An authorization error will be an instance of GatewayAuthorizationError
.
Queue Component
The queue component stores outgoing messages until the socket is ready to written. Messages are serialized before being placed in the queue to minimize APNs-side errors.
User created messages are placed at the end of the queue such that it will operate with a first-in/first-out strategy. In the event of a connection error, messages that need to be resent will be placed in the beginning of the queue to best mimic the user's intended send order.
Core contributors to the
apnagent
module should familiarize themselves with the breeze-queue module.
Events
queue:drain - Emitted after the queue has process all messages through the gateway. This does not guarantee that all messages sent have been processed by the APN service or received by the device.
Cache Component
The cache component maintains a limited ordered history of all outgoing messages should they need to be resent. If the APN service deems a message invalid it will not process any further message, respond with the unique ID and error code for the message that failed, then disconnect. The agent will use the cache to requeue messages that were sent after the failed message.
To control memory usage the cache employs a time-to-live (ttl) mechanism to remove items which are beyond a
certain age and therefor have presumably been processed successfully by Apple. The default value for this
ttl is 10 minutes but it can be modified by configuring the cache ttl
setting on the agent.
Settings
cache ttl {Number|String} (default: 10m) - The minimum number of milliseconds that a message should be present in the queue before
considered a success and removed. Can also be set as string using s
, m
, h
for seconds, minutes, hours) respectively.
Sending Messages
- Jump to: Message Builder API
To create a new message invoke the .createMessage
method from an agent. This will return a
constructed message that can be modified via chainable methods and then sent.
agent.createMessage()
.device(token)
.alert('Hello Universe')
.send();
Message Expiration
- Jump to: Message#expires()
It is unnecissary to cover in this section all of the chainable methods that can be used to
custom your outbound messages, but one that deserves a bit of attention is handling message
expiration. By default all messages have an expiration value of 0
(zero). This indicates to
Apple that if you cannot deliver the message immediately after processing then it should be
discarded. For example, if the default is kept then messages to devices which are off or out
of service range would not be delivered.
Though useful in some application contexts there are many cases where it is not. A social networking application may wish to deliver at any time or a calendar application for an event that occurs within the next hour. For this you may modify the default expiration value or change it on a per-message basis.
// set default to one day
agent.set('expires', '1d');
// use custom for 1 hour
agent.createMessage()
.device(token)
.alert('New Event @ 4pm')
.expires('1h')
.send();
// set custom no expiration
agent.createMessage()
.device(token)
.alert('Event happening now!')
.expires(0)
.send();
Send Confirmation
- Jump to: Error Mitigation
As you might have noticed in the above .createMessage()
examples a callback was not specified
for the .send()
method though the Message#send() api
allows for one to be set. Since the APN service does not provide confirmation that every
message has been successfully parsed managing a callback flow can be tricky. Here are rules governing
when the message .send(cb)
callback will be invoked.
When
.send()
is invoked it immediately attempts the serialize the message into a JSON payload. It then validates the payload based on a series of rules to mimimize APN-side errors. Issues such as a message missing a token or being to long to send will be captured as a newMessageSerializationError
. If a.send()
callback exists it will be invoked with the error as the first argument. This error will also be emitted on theagent
as amessage:error
event.The message will then be placed in the queue and wait for itself to be sent. Once the message has been processed by the queue and been successfully written to and flushed from the gateway the callback will then be invoked without any arguments.
If the message cannot be parsed on the APN-side, Apple will inform the
agent
. Theagent
will construct anGatewayMessageError
based on Apple's response. Theagent
will also attempt to reconstruct the original message if it is still present in the cache. The error and possible message will then be emitted on theagent
as themessage:error
event. The callback WILL NOT be invoked again.
Since any error occurance will be emitted as a message:error
it may not always be necissary to specify a .send()
callback unless your flow needs to wait until the message has confirmed valid serialization. If possible, keep your
code DRY and use the message:error
event instead.
Mock Agent Enhancement
One unfortunate downside to APNs implementation is that it cannot be determined when a message has been
successfully parsed by Apple, only when a message has failed. To minimize the occurance of APN-side
errors each message passes through a set of validation rules prior to being transferred over the wire.
As a result of this implementation the reasonable assumption is that any message that is transferred
over the wire when using the MockAgent
class can be assumed to be a successful message.
The only difference between the Agent
and MockAgent
implementations is that when data is written
to the MockAgent
's gateway, that data will be decoded into a JSON object that represents the original
payload. This object will then be emitted on the agent
as the mock:message
event. Users can listen
for this event during tests to confirm that their applications have successfully implemented sending
mechanisms.
Settings
expires {String|Number} (default: 0) - Set this value on the agent
to modify the default message expiration value.
Can also be set as string using s
, m
, h
, d
for seconds, minutes, hours), days respectively.
agent.set('expires', '1d');
Events
message:error (err[, msg]) - Listen for this event on the agent
for when a message cannot be sent or
has errored after sending. Visit Error Mitigation for a complex example of how to work
with the error emitted.
mock:message (obj) - Listen for this event on a constructed MockAgent
. Will be emitted when the
mock gateway stream has decoded a message that was sent over the "wire".
Full Example
The following demonstrates the intended usage of both an Agent
and MockAgent
within the context
of an express.js based RESTful application. Since we can use an Agent
and
MockAgent
interchangably, we can configure this application to use different agents depending on
the active NODE_ENV
.
/**
* Example dependencies / constants
*/
var apnagent = require('apnagent')
, express = require('express')
, join = require('path').join
, port = process.env.PORT || 8080;
/**
* Create application
*/
var app = express()
, server = require('http').createServer(app);
/**
* Configure Express
*/
app.configure(function () {
app.use(express.bodyParser());
});
/**
* Use a MockAgent for dev/test envs
*/
app.configure('development', 'test', function () {
var agent = new apnagent.MockAgent();
// no configuration needed
// mount to app
app
.set('apn', agent)
.set('apn-env', 'mock');
});
/**
* Usa a live Agent with sandbox certificates
* for our staging environment.
*/
app.configure('staging', function () {
var agent = new apnagent.Agent();
// configure agent
agent
.set('cert file', join(__dirname, 'certs/apn/dev-cert.pem'))
.set('key file', join(__dirname, 'certs/apn/dev-key.pem'))
.enable('sandbox');
// mount to app
app
.set('apn', agent)
.set('apn-env', 'live-sandbox');
});
/**
* Use a live Agent with production certificates
* for our production environment.
*/
app.configure('production', function () {
var agent = new apnagent.Agent();
// configure agent
agent
.set('cert file', join(__dirname, 'certs/apn/prod-cert.pem'))
.set('key file', join(__dirname, 'certs/apn/prod-key.pem'));
// mount to app
app
.set('apn', agent)
.set('apn-env', 'live-production');
});
/**
* Set our environment independant configuration
* and event listeners.
*/
app.configure(function () {
var agent = app.get('apn')
, env = app.get('apn-env');
// common settings
agent
.set('expires', '1d')
.set('reconnect delay', '1s')
.set('cache ttl', '30m');
// see error mitigation section
agent.on('message:error', function (err, msg) {
// ...
});
// connect needed to start message processing
agent.connect(function (err) {
if (err) throw err;
console.log('[%s] apn agent running', env);
});
});
/**
* Sample endpoint
*/
app.post('/apn', function (req, res) {
var agent = app.get('apn')
, alert = req.body.alert
, token = req.body.token;
agent.createMessage()
.device(token)
.alert(alert)
.send(function (err) {
// handle apnagent custom errors
if (err && err.toJSON) {
res.json(400, { error: err.toJSON(false) });
}
// handle anything else (not likely)
else if (err) {
res.json(400, { error: err.message });
}
// it was a success
else {
res.json({ success: true });
}
});
});
/**
* Start server
*/
server.listen(port, function () {
console.log('http started on port %d', server.address().port);
});
Agent API
This API section covers both the Agent
and MockAgent
classes. The architecture was developed to provide
feature parity for not just available methods but the
events emitted and processing methodology. Any significant
differences have already been outlined in the Agent Guide.
.createMessage ([encoding])
Creates a message that can be further modified through chaining. Do not provide arguments unless you know what you are doing.
.send (message[, callback])
Serialize the message and catch any validation errors
that might occur. If validation passes add the message
to the send queue. Messages can also be sent by invoking
the message instance's .send()
method.
var message = agent.createMessage();
message
.device(token)
.alert('Hello Universe');
agent.send(message);
.connect ([ callback ])
Open an active gateway connection. Once the connection is established the outgoing message queue will begin to process items.
.close ([ callback ])
Close the active gateway connection or cancel further reconnect attempts. If the queue is currently processing a message it will wait for the current message to finish before closing.
Apple recommends that a connection always remains open even when there are no messages to process. Production deployments should use this sparingly.
Message Builder API
A message encapsulates all data points that will be encoded and sent through the wire to APNS. The message builder is a chainable API that provides full feature coverage of the Apple Push Notification specifications.
The preferred method of composing messages is directly
from a constructed Agent
or MockAgent
.
var msg = agent.createMessage();
.alert (key, value)
Sets variables to be included in the alert
dictionary
for the aps
portion of the payload. If you wish to set
a singlular message, set the body
key. You may also set
any of the other values outlined in the APNS documentation
and the codecs will optimize the payload format for delivery.
Allowed keys:
body
action-loc-key
loc-key
loc-args
launch-image
// just set body
msg.alert('Hello Universe');
// set multiple values
msg.alert({
body: 'Hello Universe'
, 'launch-image': 'notif.png'
});
// chainable
msg
.alert('Hello Universe')
.alert('launch-image', 'notif.png');
.set (key, value)
Set extra key values that will be incuded
as part of the payload. aps
is reserved by
Apple and enc
is reserved by apnagent.
Is a key/value you pair is provided it will be set. If an object is provided, all data points will be merged into the current payload.
// single value
msg.set('key', 'value');
// multiple values
msg.set({
key1: 'value1'
, key2: 'value2'
});
// or chainable
msg
.set('key1', 'value1')
.set('key2', 'value2');
.device (token)
Set the device that this message is to be delivered
to. Device can be provided as a string or buffer. If
provided as a string, it will be sanitized of spaces
and extra characters (such as <
and >
).
msg.device('a1b2c3');
msg.device('<a1b2c3>');
.expires (time)
Set the message expiration date when being used
with the enhanced codec. The default value is 0
which
will indicate to Apple to only attempt to deliver
the message once.
Should be provided as the number of ms until expiration
or as a string that can be converted, such as 1d
.
// set to specific time in future
msg.expires('30m'); // 30 minutes
msg.expires('1d'); // 1 day
// reset to default value
msg.expires(0);
msg.expires(true);
.sound (file)
Set the sound file to be played when this message is delivered if the app is closed.
msg.sound('bingbong.aiff');
.send (cb)
Send the message through the connected agent. The cb
function will be invoked with an error if there is
a problem serializing the message for transport.
If there are no serialization errors, the callback
will be invoked when the message has been flushed
through the socket. This does NOT mean the message
has be received by the device or that Apple has
accepted the message. If Apple has a problem with
the message it will be emitted on the agent's
message:error
event.
msg.send(function (err) {
if (err) {
// handle it
}
});
.use (fn)
.connect ([ callback ])
.close ([ callback ])
Close the active gateway connection or cancel further reconnect attempts. If the queue is currently processing a message it will wait for the current message to finish before closing.
Apple recommends that a connection always remains open even when there are no messages to process. Production deployments should use this sparingly.
Device API
A small constructor to easily encapsulate a device token so it can be passed around and converted to whatever type is needed for given scenario.
If a Device is constructed without parameters, a
token can be assigned later by setting the .token
property to either a string or buffer.
The most common usage for the Device
constructor
is to sanitize a device token for storage in a database.
var Device = require('apnagent').Device
, device = new Device('<a1b56d2c 08f621d8 7060da2b>');
.toString ()
Convert the stored device token to a string. The string will be sanitized and thus not include spaces or extra characters.
var str = device.toString();
.equal (device)
Compare the stored device token to another device, string, or buffer. Will also return false if both Devices do not have tokens associated with them.
// testing string
device.equal('a1b56d2c08f621d87060da2b').should.be.true;
// testing another device
var dev2 = new Device('feedface');
device.equal(dev2).should.be.false;
Resources
Dependencies
The following dependencies play a significant role in the apn agent architecture. This is not a complete list but a recommended research list for those interested in contributing to apn agent.
breeze-queue
- @github qualiancy/breeze-queue
- @npm breeze-queue
drip
- @github qualiancy/drip
- @npm drip
facet
- @github qualiancy/facet
- @npm facet
lotus
- @github qualiancy/lotus
- @npm lotus
tea-error
- @github qualiancy/tea-error
- @npm tea-error
Testing
- @see Chai Assertion Library
- @see Mocha Test Runner
Tests are writting in Mocha using the Chai should
BDD assertion library. Clone this repo and install
development dependencies using npm install
.
Normal Testing
The normal testing life-cyle will test all features that do not require a live connection to the APN service. All tests that require a live connection will have a status of "pending". These are the tests that are run by travis-ci.
make test
Live Testing
In order to perform the live tests you will need to provide your key, cert, and device token. These can be provided within the test folder. Here is the expected folder structure and file names:
tests
├── bootstrap
│ └── ...
├── certs
│ ├── apnagent-cert.pem
│ ├── apnagent-key-noenc.pem
│ └── device.txt
├── common
│ └── ...
├── *.js
The key/cert pair should be for a sandbox based application. Furthermore, you should have the application installed on you device. If you do not have one then use apnagent-ios.
make test-live
License
(The MIT License)


Rick Astley releases sad piano version of own legendary hit, Never Gonna Give You Up
by Rob BeschizzaPerfect material for a pretentious video game trailer, or the closing montage of a movie where everyone dies.
The official audio for Never Gonna Give You Up (Pianoforte).
From the new album The Best Of Me. Buy/Listen: https://RickAstley.lnk.to/BestID
Limited edition formats available on Rick's store: https://RickAstley.lnk.to/storeID
It's still not as good as the legendary cover that Slayer performed in 2011.


|
ViaCalibrationExecutable
|
This project references the main Via library to build a hardware executable (.bin) that can be flashed to the STM32F373 controlling the module.
The files src/main.cpp, src/main_hardware_init.cpp, src/user_interrupts.c, and src/interrupt_link.cpp are used to perform hardware initialization and signal events to the library functions.
The executable template essentially does two things: set up the runtime of the MCU peripherals to send signals and stream data to and from the module code, and call appropriate event handler methods from the module class.
Due to the third party libraries used, the interrupt handler functions needed to be defined in C code. As such, a system of anonymous callback functions is used to link the module class methods to the interrupt handlers.
The inclusion of "calib.hpp" provides linkage to the module class and its methods. Once you get the gist of how the methods are called from the peripheral interrupts, you can reference specific implementation of the handler functions in that header file.
The rest of the code was generated by ST's CubeMX setup wizard. It uses the HAL abstraction layer which is built on top of CMSIS.


1961
The first industrial robot, Unimate, starts working on an assembly line in a General Motors plant in New Jersey. It was invented by George Devol in the 1950s using his original patent filed in 1954 and granted in 1961.
1962
The first industrial robot, Unimate, starts working on an assembly line in a General Motors plant in New Jersey. It was invented by George Devol in the 1950s using his original patent filed in 1954 and granted in 1961.
1963
The first industrial robot, Unimate, starts working on an assembly line in a General Motors plant in New Jersey. It was invented by George Devol in the 1950s using his original patent filed in 1954 and granted in 1961.
1964
The first industrial robot, Unimate, starts working on an assembly line in a General Motors plant in New Jersey. It was invented by George Devol in the 1950s using his original patent filed in 1954 and granted in 1961.


algoBox
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Github


|
.NET Framework | |||||||||
| PREV TYPE NEXT TYPE | FRAMES NO FRAMES | |||||||||
| SUMMARY: INNER | FIELD | CONST | PROP | METHOD | OP | EVENT | DETAIL: FIELD | CONST | PROP | METHOD | OP | EVENT |
Default implementation of the resource cache for the default ResourceManager. *
| Field Summary | |
|---|---|
| System.Collections.Hashtable |
cache
Cache storage, assumed to be thread-safe. |
| NVelocity.Runtime.RuntimeServices |
rsvc
Runtime services, generally initialized by the initialize()method. |
| Constructor Summary | |
|---|---|
|
ResourceCacheImpl() Initializes a new instance of the ResourceCacheImpl class. |
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
| System.Collections.IEnumerator | enumerateKeys() |
| NVelocity.Runtime.Resource.Resource | get(object key) |
| void | initialize(NVelocity.Runtime.RuntimeServices rs) |
| NVelocity.Runtime.Resource.Resource | put(object key, NVelocity.Runtime.Resource.Resource value_Renamed) |
| NVelocity.Runtime.Resource.Resource | remove(object key) |
| Methods inherited from class System.Object |
|---|
| Equals, Finalize, GetHashCode, GetType, MemberwiseClone, ToString |
| Field Detail |
|---|
protected internal System.Collections.Hashtable cache
Cache storage, assumed to be thread-safe.
protected internal NVelocity.Runtime.RuntimeServices rsvc
Runtime services, generally initialized by the
initialize()method.
| Constructor Detail |
|---|
public ResourceCacheImpl()
Initializes a new instance of the ResourceCacheImpl class.
| Method Detail |
|---|
public System.Collections.IEnumerator enumerateKeys()
public NVelocity.Runtime.Resource.Resource get(object key)
public void initialize(NVelocity.Runtime.RuntimeServices rs)
public NVelocity.Runtime.Resource.Resource put(object key, NVelocity.Runtime.Resource.Resource value_Renamed)
public NVelocity.Runtime.Resource.Resource remove(object key)
|
.NET Framework | |||||||||
| PREV TYPE NEXT TYPE | FRAMES NO FRAMES | |||||||||
| SUMMARY: INNER | FIELD | CONST | PROP | METHOD | OP | EVENT | DETAIL: FIELD | CONST | PROP | METHOD | OP | EVENT |


Analyzing Reviews
Original Rating:
1
2
3
4
5
Adjusted Rating:
1
2
3
4
5
There are indications of inauthentic/low quality reviews, you be the judge.
Review Summary
Pros:
Cons:


Memorial fund established for fallen Worcester Fire Lt. Jason Menard
by EndPlayWORCESTER, Mass. - The City of Worcester has announced a memorial fund for fallen fire Lieutenant Jason Menard, who died Wednesday morning while saving his crew from a burning home, has been established.
Menard, who is remembered for having a "true passion for the job" leaves behind a wife and three children.
>> Worcester fire lieutenant dies saving crew trapped in burning home
Donations are now being accepted through the Professional Fire Fighters of Massachusetts Foundation. One hundred percent of the donations collected will go directly to Jason Menard's family.
Donations can be made online here or mailed to:
Worcester Fire Department Credit Union
34 Glennie Street, Worcester, MA 01605
Checks should be made payable to: PFFM Foundation c/o The Menard Children's Fund
>> Firefighters face grim reminder: 'It's sad, it's a tragedy...it's part of the job'


install.sh
or curl || bash
something to your machine.You will need docker installed on your machine, or a place you can used the docker pull
commands.
These will be from the smallest to the largest pulls. Please pay attention to the class you are in if you don’t know which to use. Otherwise, each of these should fit your use case when using the IBM Cloud.
This container is everything you need for the Kube101 class. It is as stripped down as possible and only gives you the minimal of what you need.
docker pull jjasghar/ibm-cloud-cli
Based off of Alpine, it has the following to interface with the IBM Cloud. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, don’t hesitate to PR here.
ibmcloud
container-service
container-registry
kubectl
This container is everything you need for the Kube101 and Istio101 class.
docker pull jjasghar/ibm-cloudnative-tools
It is based off of Debian, and the following to interface with the IBM Cloud. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, don’t hesitate to PR here.
git
helm
ibmcloud
istioctl
kubectl
nano
This is the container with every integration I could find to talk to the IBM Cloud.
docker pull jjasghar/ibm-cloud-tools
It is based off of Debian, and the following are all included in this container. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, don’t hesitate to PR here.
git
helm
ibmcloud
istioctl
kubectl
nano
slcli
terraform
Copyright:: 2018- IBM, Inc
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.


Class Listing Fall 2014
Class Listing for
| Unique | Course | Title | Bldg | Room | Days | Time | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16990 | E E 445L | EMBEDDED SYSTEMS DESIGN LAB | UTC | 3.104 | MWF
TTH |
10:00am-11:00am
2:00pm- 3:30pm |
|
| 17205 | E E 364D | INTRO TO ENGINEERING DESIGN |
WEL
ECJ |
1.308
1.304 |
MW
T |
2:00pm- 3:00pm
6:30pm- 9:30pm |
|
| 33205 | C C 303 | INTRO TO CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY | JGB | 2.324 | TTH | 12:30pm- 2:00pm | |
| 53153 | C S 378 | PROGRAMMING FOR PERFORMANCE | GDC | 5.302 | MW | 12:30pm- 2:00pm | |
| 53072 | C S 350C | ADVANCED COMP ARCHITECTURE | CLA | 1.106 | TTH | 3:30pm- 5:00pm |
You are registered for 5 classes for 16 hours.
Your Fall 2014 Schedule has not yet been confirmed.
You must perform one of the following actions by 5:00 PM, Wednesday August 13, 2014 or your Fall 2014 schedule will be deactivated:
- make a payment
- confirm attendance (zero amount due)
- pay with financial aid


{{ position.title }}
{{ position.location|default('All', True) }}
- Team:
- {{ position.category.name }}
- Posted:
- {{ position.date }}
{{ position.category.name }}
{{ position.category.description }}
{# TODO: Update brief_description with video field #}Open Positions
-
{% for p in positions %}
- {{ p.title }} {% endfor %}
Why Mozilla?
Mozilla is a thriving community of intelligent, principled and passionate individuals who build software to preserve choice, openness, and innovation on the Internet. We work in the open on hard problems to ensure that the future of the Web is not dominated by large corporate interests, but driven by the idea that indivdual users should always be in control or their online lives. Join us!
We Are Global
- 500+ paid staff from over 30 countries and 25 US States
- Thousands of active contributors across six continents
- Nine principal offices: Mt. View, San Francisco, Vancouver, Toronto, Berlin, Paris, London, Beijing, Taipei
- Hundreds of home offices around the world.
And so are our benefits...
- Competitive pay
- Great health coverage
- Travel and conference budgets
- Ability to work using the latest hardware and software of your choice
- Dozens of technical brownbags and invited speakers each month
Because we love what we do!
- We take bold technical leaps
- We code in the open and we ship in the open
- We direcly impact over 450 Million users
- We build technology for the benefit of the Web's users and creators
- We work in a culture defined by principles over profits


“Provide customers with quality coating products of international level and post-sale supporting services in compliance with the Chinese market.”
Shanghai Jiangchang Industry Co., Ltd. was incorporated at Shanghai Jinshan Chemical Park in 2010 and is a domestic enterprise specialized in chemical anti-corrosive paints. The Company has been engaged, for years, in sales and technical services in the paint industry and has formed a well-developed and perfect sale channels and post-sale system. Additionally, in cooperation with Wuhan Modern Technologies Institute with the background of Wuhan University, the Company possesses the R&D and production base for advanced functional paints and has a professional high-end R&D team of chemical anti-corrosive paints with rich technologies and experiences in paint manufacturing.
Since its establishment, the Company has ensured customers can, no matter where they are, obtain the high-quality, trustful and professional technical support and services in line with aim of providing customers with technical consultancy and quality products and resolving problems for customers.
Its products are sold to such regions as East China, South China, North China and Northwest China and are widely applied in such markets as municipal engineering, electric power, high-speed railway, expressway, hot-dip galvanizing repair and renovation, wind power and solar PV generation.
对用户在使用中经常提到的，有关产品性能、使用方法、各种资料的问题进行了详细地解答。
可以参考问题分类，迅速查询所需的答案。
没有找到需要的答案时，可以使用在线咨询功能进行提问，并得到答复。
重点问题：
钢铁表面、镀锌件表面可以喷涂XINDU锌镀系列产品吗？
喷涂XINDU锌镀系列产品时应注意的是什么?
在铁锈和旧涂膜上面可以涂XINDU锌镀系列产品吗?怎么用？
可以直接喷在焊接部位或断裂部位吗?
问题分类：
有关XINDU锌镀产品
有关喷涂（喷涂表面处理）
有关喷涂（喷涂量）
有关喷涂（喷涂面漆）
有关喷涂（喷涂环境）
有关使用的地方
有关性能


| Browser | Version |
|---|---|
| Google Chrome | 49+ |
| Yandex.Browser | 14+ |
| Safari | 10+ |
| Mozilla Firefox | 52+ |
| Opera | 36+ |
| Microsoft Internet Explorer | Not supported |
| Edge (EdgeHTML) | 16+ |
| Browser | Version |
|---|---|
| Google Chrome | Last three major versions |
| Safari | 10+ |
| Yandex.Browser | Last three major versions |
| Mozilla Firefox | Last three major versions |
| Opera Mobile | Last three major versions |
| UC Browser | 12+ |


On MS-DOS, the value of current working directory is global, so changing it will affect the following command lines on those systems.
texi2dvi
uses TeX to do the real work
of formatting. TeX is not distributed with Texinfo.
This document was generated on 19 July 2000 using the texi2html translator version 1.54.


There are syntax errors present (check the gutter annotations in the editor).
There is an extracted form present, click here to append the rule at the bottom of your current rules.
There have been errors while filling the form. The rule used was '' (url: '')
| selector | value | error |
|---|


RT @gnarg: "Everyone should know how fun it is to make a computer bend to your will" great talk by @davystevenson #roa3
3/7/2013, 2:08:48 PM
Favs: 0
Retweets: 0
link--- layout: tweet ---
RT @gnarg: "Everyone should know how fun it is to make a computer bend to your will" great talk by @davystevenson #roa3
3/7/2013, 2:08:48 PM
Favs: 0
Retweets: 0
link


This is the offline version of the documentation. We recommend you to use the online documentation.
Visual Scripting with Playmaker (Professional version only)
Please note, that the Playmaker integration is only available in the Game4Automation Professional asset.
Playmaker is a visual scripting tool. You can get it in the Unity Asset Store https://assetstore.unity.com/packages/tools/visual-scripting/playmaker-368
With Playmaker it is possible to define simulation models without the need of c# scripting. Playmaker provides a very easy and intuitive programming interface with Finite State Machines (FSM). A FSM created by connecting different states with events. A state can be exited by different events (conditions). As long, as the condition is not true and the state is not ended automatically (you can define states which are exited immediately) the FSM is staying in the current state. There can be only one state active in a FSM.
Installation
For installing Playmayker you need to get it from the Unity Asset Store and import it into your project.
After installing please select game4automation > Apply standard settings in the Unity main menu. This should add GAME4AUTOMATION_PLAYMAKER into the Scripting Define Symbols.
After successfull installation you should be able to open the PlayMaker action window. First open a PlayMaker window by selecting PlayMaker > PlayMaker Editor in the Unity main menu. Now you can open the PlayMaker Actions Window with PlayMaker > Editor Windows > Action Browser
There you can find under the Tab Game4Automation all actions which are added to PlayMaker by Game4Automation:
For an example please check the PlayMaker demo model under Assets/game4automation/private/PlayMaker/Game4AutomationPlayMaker.unity
Actions
Cylinder In Out
Action to move a Cylinder out. This Action needs as a reference a Gameobject with an attached Drive_Cylinder behavour script attached to it.
This action is exited as soon as the cylinder movement is finished.
Drive Start
Action to start a Drive. This Action needs as a reference a Gameobject with an attached Drive script attached to it.
You can define it the Drives should move forward or backwards and you can optionally set the speed or the acceleration for the drive.
Usually this action is exited immediately. But if you define a Sensor at Stop At Sensor the drive will stop as soon as the sensor is getting occupied.
Drive Stop
Action to stop a Drive. This Action needs as a reference a Gameobject with an attached Drive script attached to it.
This action is exited immediately.
Drive To
Action to move a Drive to a certain position. This Action needs as a reference a Gameobject with an attached Drive script attached to it.
Get PLC Signal
Action to get a PLC Input or Output Signal. This Action needs as a reference a Gameobject with an attached PLC Signal script attached to it. Dependent on the signal type the corresponding Int, Bool or Float value will be set.
This action is exited immediately after the value is set.
Set PLC Signal
Action to set a PLC Input or Output Signal. This Action needs as a reference a Gameobject with an attached PLC Signal script attached to it.
This action is exited immediately after the value is set.
UI Lamp On
Action to turn a UI Lamp on or of. This Action needs as a reference a Gameobject with an attached UILamp script attached to it.
This action is exited immediately after the lamp is turned on.
Wait For PLC Signal
Action to wait for a PLC Input or Output Signal. This Action needs as a reference a Gameobject with an attached PLC Signal script attached to it.
This action waits until the defined signal value is reached.
Wait For Sensor
Action to wait for a Sensor. This Action needs as a reference a Gameobject with an attached Sensor script attached to it. You can wait for the sensor to be occupied or empty.
This action waits until the defined sensor status is reached.
Wait For UI Button
Action to wait for a UI Button. This Action needs as a reference a Gameobject with an attached UIButton script attached to it.
This action waits until the button is pressed or not pressed.
© 2019 in2Sight GmbH https://game4automation.com - All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including printing, saving, photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher.


--- layout: post title: "[汇总]-python异常" date: 2017-03-20 14:41:31 image: '/assets/img/' description: "" tags: - categories: - python ---


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2.1. Basis Set¶
MoHa supports basis sets consisting of generally contracted Cartesian Gaussian functions. MoHa is using the same basis set format as NWChem, and the basis sets can be downloaded from the EMSL webpage (https://bse.pnl.gov/bse/portal).
The basis object is a list of list with the follwing structure
Idx is the AO index. Atomidx, is the index of the associated atom. #CONTR contains the number of primitive functions in the contracted.
CONTR contains all the information about the primitive functions and have the form:
Inside the integral call, the basisset file is reconstructed into three different arrays, containing the basisset information. The first one is basisidx that have the following form:
It thus contains the number of primitives in each basisfunction, and what start index it have for loop inside the integral code.
The second array is basisint, that have the following forms:
The first one is for regular integrals and the second one is for derivatives. Both contains all the angular momentum quantum numbers, and the derivative also contains the atom index (used in derivative of VNe).
The last array is basisfloat and have the following forms:
basisfloat contains the normalization constants, Gaussian exponent and prefacor and the coordinates of the atoms. The second one is again for the derivatives, it contains normalization constants of the differentiated primitives.


{% for defect in defects %}
Description : {{defect.description}}
Injected in : {{defect.injectedphase}} : Iteration {{defect.injectediter}}
Removed in : {{defect.removedphase}} : Iteration {{defect.removediter}}
Removed By : {{defect.byname}}
Type : {{defect.defect_type}}


This page simulates saving an order on behalf of a customer; the Order object for 42 items is saved in the orders database atomically with updating the customer's object's order quantity. The Save button should do this; the Fail button should roll back its transaction (which orders 86 items instead) and leave the database unchanged.
So you can verify correct operation by looking in the database for those quantity numbers; you should see one or more 42's and no 86's.


{% extends 'django_rocket/base.html' %} {% block rocket_content %}
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2013.10 - 2014.5 | Espoo, Finland
Key words: Java, AngularJS, Highcharts, RIAK, Linux, Cloud Computing, Data Visualization.
Rovio has 250 Million monthly users and therefore Cloud Services must undergo extensive performance testing. For Rovio, such services include gamer logins, saved sessions, video feeds, advertisements, web visitors, online shopping and many more.
There is a dedicated performance testing system and a test cluster to simulate heavy user loads against Cloud Services. Performance testing data is collected from testing Clusters and moved to central place for analysis. This data is real performance data of Rovio Services. The analysis of the results could be much streamlined and improved to help us to identify the performance bottlenecks of Rovio Services. Visualization of the data is also part of this project.
Project goals:
The project goal is an independent data analysis system and visualization service. The service enables software developers, test engineers and other users to:
The system is extendable and Rovio could continue developing it further.
Tools and technology:
A cloud server environment, a distributed database, a set of APIs and the input data format will be provided by Rovio. In this project, I was mainly responsible for front-end development. The service used:
Results:
Our project won the second place in Accenture Quality Award 2014.
Project dashboard
Test suite overview
Test suites comparison
Test classes comparison


{% extends "templates/base.html" %} {% block page_title %}Regular Expression Search{% endblock %} {% block head %} {% endblock %} {% block content %} {% set vname_urlencoded = vname.replace('%', '%25') %}
Warning: Although names changed here will appear in Recent Changes, any changes you make on this page will NOT be automatically undoable, and will need to be fixed on this page or replaced with a better name.
No recent changes to display. Try clearing the search.
{% else %}Displaying {{ rows|length }} results from {{ offset + 1 }} to {{offset + display_count }} out of {{ '%d' % total_count }}.
{% endif %} {% endblock %}


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LIN Arena 2017.03 ~ 2018.10
Information Security Researcher
- Penetration Testing & Vulnerability Assessment
Information Security Educator
- Linux Basic
- Network Hacking
- iOS Mobile Application Vulnerability Assessment
SK Infosec 2018.10 ~ 2019.06
Information Security Senior Consultant
- Samsung Life Project
- Web & Mobile App. Vulnerability Assesment
- Scenario-based Penetration Testing
TenDollar 2018.01 ~ ing
Korea Hacking Team
- Web, System, Reversing...


ConvCCP4 Module¶
Classes for file converstion
-
class
topaz.ConvCCP4.
ConvertTools
¶ A class of all conversion functions used in Topaz
-
static
mapbox
(folder, out, mtzfile, name, xyzlim)¶ mapbox converts a map into a map of a given size using the symmetry group for the protein
mapbox arguments: folder: this is the path to the directory that contains the map file out: where the boxmap should be saved mtzfile: file location for ,mtz file with best symmetry in name: title of the map e.g. 3S6S_i xyzlim: dimensions of output box
-
static
mtz2map
(folder, out, name)¶ mtz2map converts an mtz file of the electron denstity to an electron density map file and saves this file
mtzmap arguments: * folder: directory path to find mtzfile * out: directory path to save map file * name: name of protein e.g. 3S6E_i
-
static
phs2mtz
(phsfile, mtzfile, out, name)¶ phs2mtz takes a phs file and an mtz file and outputs an mtz file of the electron density
phs2mtz arguments: phsfile: file path for phs file mtzfile: file path for mtzfile out: directory path for saving mtzfile name: protein name: e.g. 3S6E_i
-
static


I recently obtained access to a large dataset for traffic accidents in the state of Georgia for a school project and I thought it would be fun to do some exploratory data analysis and to visualize the data using python.
The file comes from Georgia Department of Transportation and it ranges from 2006 to 2016. For this exercise I will just focus on the month of October in year 2016. Due to the size ofthe data,
import folium
from folium.plugins import MarkerCluster
from folium.plugins import HeatMap
import pandas as pd
data = pd.read_csv("GAdata.csv")
data1 = data1[data1["month"] == 10]
lats = list(data1["Latitude"])
longs = list(data1["Longitude"])
First I will make a map with Folium to show all the how many accidents happened in a certain area. The best way is to show just a cluster of data points using the MarkerCluster function
map = folium.Map(location=[33.75, -84.39], zoom_start=10, tiles="OpenStreetMap")
marker_cluster = MarkerCluster().add_to(map)
for lt, ln in zip(lats, longs):
folium.Marker([lt,ln]).add_to(marker_cluster)
map.save("Map1.html")
Below is a snapshot of the map and you can view the full map here.
Now, a better way to visualize the number of accidents on a map is to display a heatmap. We can utilize the built-in heatmap function from Folium to achieve this.
data1["Latitude"] = data1["Latitude"].astype(float)
data1["Longitude"] = data1["Longitude"].astype(float)
heatDF = data1[["Latitude", "Longitude"]]
heatmap = folium.Map(location=[33.75, -84.39], zoom_start=10, tiles="OpenStreetMap")
heatdata = [[row["Latitude"], row["Longitude"]] for index, row in heatDF.iterrows()]
HeatMap(heatdata, min_opacity=0.1, max_zoom=10, radius=10, blur=10, max_val=0.8).add_to(heatmap)
heatmap.save("heatmap.html")
Here’s what it looks like and the full map can be viewed here.