ROMEO MUST DIE
Review by John Beachem
* * *
Directed by: Andrezj Bartkowiak Written by: Mitchell Kapner (story), Eric Bernt
How exactly does one review a Jet Li movie? I suppose it must be held to a different template than the new film from Tom Hanks or Meryl Streep.  You're going to see this movie for bloody, bare fisted, no holds barred style brawling. You are not going for a strong plot, great acting, or important social messages. I went into "Romeo Must Die" expecting to see Jet Li at his gravity defying best, and I'm happy to report that the fight sequences are indeed something to behold. The problem is, these excellent fight scenes are few and far between, and the remainder of the film is filled with useless melodrama that no one could care less about.
A gang war has consumed the bay area of Oakland. The two factions are Issak's (Delroy Lindo) African Americans, and C'hu Sing's (Henry O) Orientals. Both leaders are attempting to sell their bay area property to a greedy business man (Edoardo Ballerini) so that he can develop yet another football franchise. The most recent casualty has been C'hu's son, Po (Jon Kit Lee).  Po's death brings about the return of his brother, Han (Jet Li), from Hong Kong. Han begins investigating the events which caused his brother to be murdered. While investigating, he meets up with Issak's daughter, Trish (Aaliyah), and the two soon form a close friendship. Han must discover who the killers are before they decide to eliminate both he and Trish as well.
If this plot summary sounds a bit confusing that's because this is a rather confusing and convoluted movie. In case you're wondering, it also has very little to do with the bard's tale, aside from the name Romeo being in the title and the story revolving around two warring families. There is no romance between Trish and Han, the families aren't exactly true families (they're just warring gangs), and this story is missing the excellent, comical character of Mercutio. In fact, the lack of humor is one of the problems with this movie. It may have a comical moment or two, mainly because of a supporting character named Maurice (Anthony Anderson) and one or two amusing scenes involving Li, but the majority of the film is incredibly and unnecessarily melodramatic.
As for the actors, it seems that rap singers have been cast in place of actors in most cases. Rapper DMX has been cast as a club manager, and Aaliyah is obviously the female lead. With these two being cast in significant roles, you can guess what kind of soundtrack is going to accompany this film. If you don't like rap music, be forewarned that it doesn't stop playing throughout the entire movie. The other actors are mediocre at best; the only two exceptions being Li himself, who exudes charm, charisma, and strength, and Delroy Lindo ("Broken Arrow"), who is simply a good actor doing what he can with a miserable part. Worth noting is Isaiah Washington ("True Crime"), playing Lindo's right hand man. Washington is an early candidate for a Razzie award this year, turning in an absolutely horrendous performance.
Andrezj Bartkowiak does have one neat little trick up his sleeve. Throughout the fight scenes, we are given occasional x-ray insights of what happens to a person when Li hits them. It's nothing more than a gimmick, but still a rather original one. After watching "Romeo Must Die", I can only hope that Li will be given a better script next time. The man is incredibly talented, and it's no wonder that he is one of the largest film stars in China. I do hope that his next film contains a few more fights and a lot less melodrama. One last thing I must note; several fights in "Romeo Must Die" are blatantly enhanced by CGI. This was completely uncalled for, as it ruins the effect of watching Li do his thing. The movie runs far too long at 118 minutes. I'd recommend it to serious martial arts fans and give it three out of five stars.
Comments? Feel free to e-mail them to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>For past reviews, movie news, and other fun stuff, visit: http://www.dependentfilms.net
* * * * * - One of the greatest movies ever made, see it now. * * * * - Great flick, try and catch this one. * * * - Okay movie, hits and misses. * * - Pretty bad, see it only if you have nothing better to do. * - One of the worst movies ever made. See it only if you enjoy pain.
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|
Click
|
The iterator type for HashContainer. More...
#include <hashcontainer.hh>
Public Types | |
| typedef HashContainer_const_iterator< T, A > | inherited |
| Public Types inherited from HashContainer_const_iterator< T, A > | |
| typedef HashContainer< T, A >::size_type | size_type |
| typedef HashContainer< T, A >::bucket_count_type | bucket_count_type |
| typedef T *(HashContainer_const_iterator::* | unspecified_bool_type) () const |
Public Member Functions | |
| HashContainer_iterator () | |
| Construct an uninitialized iterator. More... | |
| bool | can_insert () const |
| Return true iff elements can be inserted here. More... | |
| HashContainer< T, A > * | hashcontainer () const |
| Return the corresponding HashContainer. More... | |
| Public Member Functions inherited from HashContainer_const_iterator< T, A > | |
| HashContainer_const_iterator () | |
| Construct an uninitialized iterator. More... | |
| T * | get () const |
| Return a pointer to the element, null if *this == end(). More... | |
| T * | operator-> () const |
| Return a pointer to the element, null if *this == end(). More... | |
| T & | operator* () const |
| Return a reference to the element. More... | |
| bool | live () const |
| Return true iff *this != end(). More... | |
| operator unspecified_bool_type () const | |
| Return true iff *this != end(). More... | |
| const HashContainer< T, A > * | hashcontainer () const |
| Return the corresponding HashContainer. More... | |
| bucket_count_type | bucket () const |
| Return the bucket number this iterator is in. More... | |
| void | operator++ () |
| Advance this iterator to the next element. More... | |
| void | operator++ (int) |
| Advance this iterator to the next element. More... | |
The iterator type for HashContainer.
|
inline |
Construct an uninitialized iterator.
|
inline |
Return true iff elements can be inserted here.
Specifically, returns true iff this iterator is valid to pass to HashContainer::insert_at() or HashContainer::set(). All live() iterators can_insert(), but some !live() iterators can_insert() as well.
|
inline |
Return the corresponding HashContainer.


Quickstart¶
Running RGA¶
The RGA app is a pure offline compiler without any dependency on the installed hardware or driver. To run the app, run the RadeonGPUAnalyzerGUI executable.
Creating a Project¶
RGA Project is a vehicle that can contain any number of OpenCL™ source files (.cl), together with a set of build settings. When you build the project, the OpenCL™ source files are being compiled and linked together into a single HSA Code Object binary.
RGA will automatically create for you the project when you add or create a file in the Home Page.
To add an existing .cl source file, use Ctrl+O or click on “Open existing .cl file” under the Start section:
You can also do this by clicking on File -> “Open existing c.l file”:
In a similar way, you can create a project by creating an empty .cl file. Use the Ctrl+N shortcut or click on “Create new .cl file”.
You will then be prompted for an optional rename of your project:
RGA will use a yyyymmdd-hhmmss date-time string as a default name. Check the “Always use auto-generated project names” check box to instruct RGA to always use the default name without prompting for renaming.
Generating Disassembly¶
To build your project and generate the disassembly, use the Ctrl+Shift+B shortcut. Alternatively, you can use the Build -> Build project menu item:
When a build is triggered, the rga command line tool will be invoked. The “Build output” window at the bottom will display the invocation command for the RGA command line tool, as well its output.
In case of a build success, the list of kernels in each file would be shown underneath each entry in the file menu on the left side.
Use that list to control which kernel is in focus (highlighted in yellow):
The disassembly for the relevant kernel will be displayed in the disassembly view on the right:
- Highlighted rows are correlated to the current line in the source code view on the left
- Memory instructions are colored in red to help you identify spots with high memory pressure
- The Columns drop-down menu at the top can be used to customize the presented columns
- If more than one GPU was targeted, use the drop-down on the top left corner to switch devices
- The resource usage line shows the GPU resources that are consumed by the presented code
In case of a performance hazard due to the usage of a GPU resource, RGA will display a warning icon and highlight the relevant resources:
The possible hazards are:
- VGPR spills
- SGPR spills
- LDS usage exceeds the recommended limit (based on the target GPU’s HW features)
- Scratch memory usage is non-zero
- The size of the code is larger than the instruction cache


Are you sure you want to delete {{ deleteCount }} set(s)?
0">This includes the following public sets that may be being used by others:


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{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}Movies{% endblock %} {% block top_navigation %}
This is the movie database project website. It builds a small database of your favorite movies.


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Serializes data to and from strings.
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To serialize a value, call serialize!(Type)(value).
Unserializing is a bit more tricky. You need to know the type before hand and unserialise using it, although you unserialize using Variant.
To unserialize a value call unserialize!(Type)(ref const(char)[] str) str will be updated to the remainder of the string and the decoded value is returned.
Make it all work using ranges - Maybe.


--- layout: default title: Projects subtitle: A list of projects I've worked on permalink: /projects/ ---
A newsreader app build from scratch with Material design in mind.
Team of 2-3 developers
A simple Android application for sharing boss' current mood among employees.
Sole developer.
Gazeta.pl's newsreader for iPhones.
Team of 2 developers.
Gazeta.pl's newsreader for Android smartphones and tablets.
Team of 2-3 developers.
A simple cooking application with an eye-pleasing UI.
Sole developer.
A universal push server that can send notifications to all Major platforms such as Android, iOS, Windows Phone 7+, Windows 8 and more. Main features included registration of devices and sending the notification in a web panel (LDAP authentication).
Built and maintained mainly by me.
A group buying system consisting of:


The best anxiety free way to test your headphones are connected.
Made with <3 and sorcerous powers in Vancouver
Made by Quilo
Sounds from freesound:
"tone beep lower slower" by pan14
"Woodblock" by kwahmah_02


See: Description
| Interface | Description |
|---|---|
| AudioJackReader.OnAuthCompleteListener |
Interface definition for a callback to be invoked when the reader
authentication is complete.
|
| AudioJackReader.OnCustomIdAvailableListener |
Interface definition for a callback to be invoked when the reader sends
the custom ID.
|
| AudioJackReader.OnDeviceIdAvailableListener |
Interface definition for a callback to be invoked when the reader sends
the device ID.
|
| AudioJackReader.OnDukptOptionAvailableListener |
Interface definition for a callback to be invoked when the reader sends
the DUKPT option.
|
| AudioJackReader.OnFirmwareVersionAvailableListener |
Interface definition for a callback to be invoked when the reader sends
the firmware version.
|
| AudioJackReader.OnPiccAtrAvailableListener |
Interface definition for a callback to be invoked when the reader sends
the ATR from PICC.
|
| AudioJackReader.OnPiccResponseApduAvailableListener |
Interface definition for a callback to be invoked when the reader sends
the response APDU from PICC.
|
| AudioJackReader.OnRawDataAvailableListener |
Interface definition for a callback to be invoked when the reader sends
the raw data.
|
| AudioJackReader.OnResetCompleteListener |
Interface definition for a callback to be invoked when the reader reset
is complete.
|
| AudioJackReader.OnResultAvailableListener |
Interface definition for a callback to be invoked when the reader sends
the result.
|
| AudioJackReader.OnStatusAvailableListener |
Interface definition for a callback to be invoked when the reader sends
the status.
|
| AudioJackReader.OnTrackDataAvailableListener |
Interface definition for a callback to be invoked when the reader sends
the track data.
|
| AudioJackReader.OnTrackDataNotificationListener |
Interface definition for a callback to be invoked when the reader
notifies the track data.
|
| AudioJackReader.OnTrackDataOptionAvailableListener |
Interface definition for a callback to be invoked when the reader sends
the track data option.
|
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| AesTrackData |
The
AesTrackData class represents the track data after swiping a
card from the reader using AES mode. |
| AudioJackReader |
The
AudioJackReader class represents ACS audio jack readers. |
| CRC16 |
The
CRC16 class is used to compute a CRC16 checksum from data
provided as input value. |
| DukptReceiver |
The
DukptReceiver class generates the future keys according to
ANSI X9.24-1:2009. |
| DukptTrackData |
The
DukptTrackData class represents the track data after swiping
a card from the reader using DUKPT mode. |
| Result |
The
Result class represents the execution result after
performing the operation from the reader. |
| Status |
The
Status class represents the status about the reader. |
| Track1Data |
The
Track1Data class is used to decode the track 1 data into
fields specified by ISO/IEC 7813. |
| Track2Data |
The
Track2Data class is used to decode the track 2 data into
fields specified by ISO/IEC 7813. |
| TrackData |
The
TrackData class represents the track data after swiping a
card from the reader. |
| Exception | Description |
|---|---|
| CardTimeoutException |
Thrown when the card operation timed out.
|
| CommunicationErrorException |
Thrown when there is an error occurred in the communication.
|
| CommunicationTimeoutException |
Thrown when there is timeout in the communication.
|
| InvalidDeviceStateException |
Thrown when the state of reader is invalid.
|
| ProtocolMismatchException |
Thrown when the requested protocols are incompatible with the protocol
currently in use with the card.
|
| ReaderException |
ReaderException is the superclass of those exceptions that can
be thrown during normal operation of the reader. |
| ReaderNotStartedException |
Thrown when the reader is not started.
|
| RemovedCardException |
Thrown when a program attempts to access a card which is removed.
|
| RequestQueueFullException |
Thrown when the request queue is full.
|
| UnresponsiveCardException |
Thrown when a program attempts to access a card which is not responding to a
reset.
|
| UnsupportedCardException |
Thrown when a program attempts to access a card which is not supported.
|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="..." android:versionCode="..." android:versionName="..." > ... <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO" /> ... </manifest>To create and initialize a
AudioJackReader
object, get
an instance of
AudioManager
by calling
Context.getSystemService()
method.
... public class MainActivity extends Activity { ... private AudioManager mAudioManager; private AudioJackReader mReader; ... @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); ... mAudioManager = (AudioManager) getSystemService(Context.AUDIO_SERVICE); mReader = new AudioJackReader(mAudioManager); ... } ... } ...
To start an instance of the AudioJackReader
object,
use the start()
method. If
your application does not stop the reader properly, it will make other
applications cannot use the audio channels. To stop the instance of the
AudioJackReader
object, use the
stop()
method. The following
activity implements the required lifecycle methods.
... public class MainActivity extends Activity { ... @Override protected void onStart() { super.onStart(); mReader.start(); } @Override protected void onResume() { super.onResume(); mReader.start(); } @Override protected void onPause() { super.onPause(); mReader.stop(); } @Override protected void onStop() { super.onStop(); mReader.stop(); } ... } ...
The sleep mode of reader is enabled by default. To use the reader, your
application should call reset()
method. If you register a callback using
setOnResetCompleteListener()
method, it will receive a notification after the
operation is completed.
... /* Reset the reader. */ mReader.reset(); ... /* Set the reset complete callback. */ mReader.setOnResetCompleteListener( new AudioJackReader.OnResetCompleteListener() { @Override public void onResetComplete(AudioJackReader reader) { /* TODO: Add your code here to process the notification. */ ... } }); ...
You can enable the sleep mode by calling
sleep()
method. If you
register a callback using
setOnResultAvailableListener()
method, it will receive a notification after the
operation is completed.
... /* Enable the sleep mode. */ mReader.sleep(); ... /* Set the result callback. */ mReader.setOnResultAvailableListener( new AudioJackReader.OnResultAvailableListener() { @Override public void onResultAvailable(AudioJackReader reader, Result result) { /* TODO: Add your code here to process the notification. */ ... } }); ...
You can set the sleep timeout by calling
setSleepTimeout()
method. If you register a callback using
setOnResultAvailableListener()
method, it will receive a notification after the
operation is completed.
... /* Set the sleep timeout to 10 seconds. */ mReader.setSleepTimeout(10); ... /* Set the result callback. */ mReader.setOnResultAvailableListener( new AudioJackReader.OnResultAvailableListener() { @Override public void onResultAvailable(AudioJackReader reader, Result result) { /* TODO: Add your code here to process the notification. */ ... } }); ...
To get the firmware version, you need to register a callback using
setOnFirmwareVersionAvailableListener()
method and send a request using
getFirmwareVersion()
method.
... /* Get the firmware version. */ mReader.getFirmwareVersion(); ... /* Set the firmware version callback. */ mReader.setOnFirmwareVersionAvailableListener( new AudioJackReader.OnFirmwareVersionAvailableListener() { @Override public void onFirmwareVersionAvailable(AudioJackReader reader, String firmwareVersion) { /* TODO: Add your code here to process the firmware version. */ ... } }); ...
To get the status, you need to register a callback using
setOnStatusAvailableListener()
method and send a request using
getStatus()
method.
... /* Get the status. */ mReader.getStatus(); ... /* Set the status callback. */ mReader.setOnStatusAvailableListener( new AudioJackReader.OnStatusAvailableListener() { @Override public void onStatusAvailable(AudioJackReader reader, Status status) { /* TODO: Add your code here to process the status. */ ... } }); ...
When you swipe a card, the reader notifies a track data and sends it through an
audio channel to your Android device. To receive the notification and the track
data, you need to register a callback using
setOnTrackDataNotificationListener()
and
setOnTrackDataAvailableListener()
method. You can check the track error using
TrackData.getTrack1ErrorCode()
and
TrackData.getTrack2ErrorCode()
methods. Note that
the received TrackData
object will be the instance of
AesTrackData
or
DukptTrackData
according to the settings. You must
check the type of instance before accessing the object.
You can get the track data using
AesTrackData.getTrackData()
,
DukptTrackData.getTrack1Data()
and
DukptTrackData.getTrack2Data()
methods. Note that the
track data of AesTrackData
object is encrypted by AES
while the track data of DukptTrackData
object is
encrypted by Triple DES. You must decrypt it before accessing the original track
data.
After decrypting the track data of AesTrackData
object, you can use Track1Data.fromByteArray(byte[])
and Track2Data.fromByteArray(byte[])
methods to decode
the track data into fields. For the track data or masked track data of
DukptTrackData
object, you can use
Track1Data.fromString(String)
and
Track2Data.fromString(String)
methods.
... /* Set the track data notification callback. */ mReader.setOnTrackDataNotificationListener( new AudioJackReader.OnTrackDataNotificationListener() { @Override public void onTrackDataNotification(AudioJackReader reader) { /* TODO: Add your code here to process the notification. */ ... } }); ... /* Set the track data callback. */ mReader.setOnTrackDataAvailableListener( new AudioJackReader.OnTrackDataAvailableListener() { @Override public void onTrackDataAvailable(AudioJackReader reader, TrackData trackData) { /* TODO: Add your code here to process the track data. */ if ((trackData.getTrack1ErrorCode() != TrackData.TRACK_ERROR_SUCCESS) || (trackData.getTrack2ErrorCode() != TrackData.TRACK_ERROR_SUCCESS)) { /* Show the track error. */ ... return; } if (trackData instanceof AesTrackData) { AesTrackData aesTrackData = (AesTrackData) trackData; ... } else if (trackData instanceof DukptTrackData) { DukptTrackData dukptTrackData = (DukptTrackData) trackData; ... } ... } }); ...
If you want to access a raw data of a response, you can register a callback
using setOnRawDataAvailableListener()
method. Note that the raw data is not verified
by CRC16 checksum.
... /* Set the raw data callback. */ mReader.setOnRawDataAvailableListener( new AudioJackReader.OnRawDataAvailableListener() { @Override public void onRawDataAvailable(AudioJackReader reader, byte[] rawData) { /* TODO: Add your code here to process the raw data. */ ... } }); ...
If your reader came with the ICC interface, you can operate the card using the following methods:
Before transmitting the APDU, you need to reset the card using
power()
method.
The ATR string will be returned if the card is operated normally. Otherwise, it
will throw ReaderException
to indicate the error.
After resetting the card, the card state is changed to
CARD_NEGOTIABLE
or
CARD_SPECIFIC
. You
cannot transmit the APDU if the card state is not equal to
CARD_SPECIFIC
. To select
the protocol, invoke
setProtocol()
method with the preferred protocols.
After selecting the protocol, you can transmit the command APDU using
transmit()
method.
... int slotNum = 0; int action = AudioJackReader.CARD_WARM_RESET; int timeout = 10 * 1000; /* 10 seconds. */ byte[] atr = null; int preferredProtocols = AudioJackReader.PROTOCOL_T0 | AudioJackReader.PROTOCOL_T1; int activeProtocol = 0; byte[] commandApdu = { 0x00, (byte) 0x84, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08 }; byte[] responseApdu = null; ... try { /* Reset the card. */ atr = mReader.power(slotNum, action, timeout); if (atr != null) { /* Set the protocol. */ activeProtocol = mReader.setProtocol(slotNum, preferredProtocols, timeout); /* Transmit the APDU. */ responseApdu = mReader.transmit(slotNum, commandApdu, timeout); } } catch (ReaderException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } ...
You can transmit the control command to the reader using
control()
method if the reader supports a set of escape commands.
... int controlCode = AudioJackReader.IOCTL_CCID_ESCAPE; byte[] controlCommand = { (byte) 0xE0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00 }; byte[] controlResponse = null; ... try { /* Transmit the control command. */ controlResponse = mReader.control(slotNum, controlCode, controlCommand, timeout); } catch (ReaderException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } ...
If your reader came with the PICC interface, you can operate the card using the following methods:
Before transmitting the APDU, you need to power on the card using
piccPowerOn()
method. If you register a callback using
setOnPiccAtrAvailableListener()
method, you can receive the ATR string from the
card.
To transmit the APDU, you can use
piccTransmit()
method. If you register a callback using
setOnPiccResponseApduAvailableListener()
method, you can receive the response
APDU from the card.
After using the card, you can power off the card using
piccPowerOff()
method.
If you register a callback using
setOnResultAvailableListener()
method, it will receive a notification after the
operation is completed.
... int timeout = 1; /* 1 second. */ int cardType = PICC_CARD_TYPE_ISO14443_TYPE_A | PICC_CARD_TYPE_ISO14443_TYPE_B | PICC_CARD_TYPE_FELICA_212KBPS | PICC_CARD_TYPE_FELICA_424KBPS | PICC_CARD_TYPE_AUTO_RATS; byte[] apdu = { 0x00, (byte) 0x84, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08 }; ... /* Power on the PICC. */ mReader.piccPowerOn(timeout, cardType); ... /* Transmit the APDU. */ mReader.piccTransmit(timeout, apdu); ... /* Power off the PICC. */ mReader.piccPowerOff(); ... /* Set the PICC ATR callback. */ mReader.setOnPiccAtrAvailableListener( new AudioJackReader.OnPiccAtrAvailableListener() { @Override public void onPiccAtrAvailable(AudioJackReader reader, byte[] atr) { /* TODO: Add your code here to process the ATR. */ ... } }); /* Set the PICC response APDU callback. */ mReader.setOnPiccResponseApduAvailableListener( new AudioJackReader.OnPiccResponseApduAvailableListener() { @Override public void onPiccResponseApduAvailable(AudioJackReader reader, byte[] responseApdu) { /* TODO: Add your code here to process the response APDU. */ ... } }); /* Set the result callback. */ mReader.setOnResultAvailableListener( new AudioJackReader.OnResultAvailableListener() { @Override public void onResultAvailable(AudioJackReader reader, Result result) { /* TODO: Add your code here to process the notification. */ ... } }); ...
Copyright © 2013-2015 Advanced Card Systems Ltd. All Rights Reserved.


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Did you know that you can scroll the map without using the scrollbars?
Place the mouse over the game map, hold the scroll-wheel down and move the mouse.
Alternatively, you can place the mouse over the game map, click the scroll-wheel and the map will zoom out. Move the mouse to a new location, and click the middle-mouse button again. This will zoom in to the new location.
You can also move the main map around by left-clicking on the mini-map shown in the upper left corner of the main window.


07 January 2002
Disease Outbreak Reported
All contacts (having direct or suspected contact with the blood or
other body fluids of a case) are being closely monitored for signs or symptoms of Ebola
haemorrhagic fever for 21 days. As of 6 January 2002, 247 contacts are under active follow
up (213 contacts in Gabon, 34 in the Republic of the Congo). The international team continues to work closely on both
sides of the border with the Congolese and Gabonese Ministries of Health. The
Gabonese Red Cross Society is carrying out health education activities in the Gabonese
villages.
As of 6
January 2002, 33 confirmed cases have been reported (15 by laboratory testing, 18
epidemiologically linked), including 24 deaths (17 in Gabon, 7 in the Republic of
the Congo). Of these 33 confirmed cases, 20 cases have been detected in Gabon and 13
in villages close to the border between the two countries.
An additional 15 suspected cases in Gabon are under investigation.


Mrs.Rose Obaseki Flat 8 Block 12 NNPC Quarters Garki Abuja Nigeria. Dear Friend, I presume this letter will come to you as a surprise, but as things unfold, we will know each other better. I will start by introducing myself to you. I am Mrs. Rose Obaseki, the wife of Chief Jackson Gracious Obaseki, the Managing Director, and Chief Executive, Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC). I am really sure that you will be of a good assistance after going thoroughly through this letter. For many years of marriage now between me and my husband, I have not given birth, and this has really troubled my husband. As a result of the respect given to local tradition culture and custom here in Nigeria,my husband has decided to break the marriage. With the situation of things with me now, my matrimonial home look bleak. I am been threatened daily by my husband to get out from the home. My Husband s brothers are not left outin this matter. This situation has really affected me psychologically. As at now, I am no longer Assured of a matrimonial home, hence I seek your urgent assistance and help which I know will go a long way in getting me settled finally. I want to use this opportunity to move the sum of (US$29.5M) into your custody for safe keeping, pending my arrival in your country. This said amount was given to my husband as gratification from some Foreign Oil Companies he helped in getting Allocation for the Drilling of Crude Oil in Nigeria. As a civil servant, he does not want to be exposed, hence he gave me this money to keep in my personal account so that he can be exonerated from the eyes of government security operatives and the Civil Service Commission (CSC) which is a body that scrutinizes the activities of all civil servants in Nigeria as checks and balances for official misconduct. Be informed that this money is not connected with drugs; money laundry, firearms and looting which I believe will put fears in you to render the required assistance needed from you and consequently withdrawing your help for security reasons. Hence the source of this said money is clean and clear. This money was deposited in my personalin name, and there is no way it can be transferred telegraphically under the banking procedures which could have been the easiest, but because of monetary transfer restriction by the Federal Government of Nigeria, that is defeated. Rather I have arranged a diplomat manager to move this money out in cash to any destination where it will be easy for you to collect under diplomatic immunity. This he has assured me of. As a soon as I see your response and willingness to help as regards to this, I will furnish you on the next line of acti onto take, but be rest assured that this transaction is 100% risk free, and my husband will not raise any alarm because he will not like to put himself, his job and office in jeopardy, and if he does, he stands the change of loosing his job.  I will be offering you 25% of this money for all your help at this time of need, while some percentages has been set aside for my Brother to complement his efforts here. Be informed that this transaction will not last more than 14 working days and it will be concluded because every arrangement has been put in place. Your negative or positive response will be highly appreciated. Yours faithfully, Mrs. Rose Obaseki ___________________________________________ Look Good, Feel Good www.healthiest.co.za


About Us
Dinner On Me is an app created by students in the UCLA Extension as a group project to showcase some of the skills learned in class so far
Dinner On Me
Main Page


|
QuantLib: a free/open-source library for quantitative finance
Fully annotated sources - version 1.30
|
Levenberg-Marquardt optimization method. More...
#include <ql/math/optimization/levenbergmarquardt.hpp>
Public Member Functions | |
| LevenbergMarquardt (Real epsfcn=1.0e-8, Real xtol=1.0e-8, Real gtol=1.0e-8, bool useCostFunctionsJacobian=false) | |
| EndCriteria::Type | minimize (Problem &P, const EndCriteria &endCriteria) override |
| minimize the optimization problem P More... | |
| virtual Integer | getInfo () const |
| void | fcn (int m, int n, Real *x, Real *fvec, int *iflag) |
| void | jacFcn (int m, int n, Real *x, Real *fjac, int *iflag) |
| Public Member Functions inherited from OptimizationMethod | |
| virtual | ~OptimizationMethod ()=default |
| virtual EndCriteria::Type | minimize (Problem &P, const EndCriteria &endCriteria)=0 |
| minimize the optimization problem P More... | |
Private Attributes | |
| Problem * | currentProblem_ |
| Array | initCostValues_ |
| Matrix | initJacobian_ |
| Integer | info_ = 0 |
| const Real | epsfcn_ |
| const Real | xtol_ |
| const Real | gtol_ |
| bool | useCostFunctionsJacobian_ |
Levenberg-Marquardt optimization method.
This implementation is based on MINPACK (http://www.netlib.org/minpack, http://www.netlib.org/cephes/linalg.tgz) It has a built in fd scheme to compute the jacobian, which is used by default. If useCostFunctionsJacobian is true the corresponding method in the cost function of the problem is used instead. Note that the default implementation of the jacobian in CostFunction uses a central difference (oder 2, but requiring more function evaluations) compared to the forward difference implemented here (order 1).
Definition at line 49 of file levenbergmarquardt.hpp.
| LevenbergMarquardt | ( | Real | epsfcn = 1.0e-8 , |
| Real | xtol = 1.0e-8 , |
||
| Real | gtol = 1.0e-8 , |
||
| bool | useCostFunctionsJacobian = false |
||
| ) |
Definition at line 29 of file levenbergmarquardt.cpp.
|
overridevirtual |
minimize the optimization problem P
Implements OptimizationMethod.
Definition at line 40 of file levenbergmarquardt.cpp.
|
virtual |
Definition at line 36 of file levenbergmarquardt.cpp.
Definition at line 130 of file levenbergmarquardt.cpp.
Definition at line 143 of file levenbergmarquardt.cpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 72 of file levenbergmarquardt.hpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 73 of file levenbergmarquardt.hpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 74 of file levenbergmarquardt.hpp.
|
mutableprivate |
Definition at line 75 of file levenbergmarquardt.hpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 76 of file levenbergmarquardt.hpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 76 of file levenbergmarquardt.hpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 76 of file levenbergmarquardt.hpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 77 of file levenbergmarquardt.hpp.


6.2.3 Skip Ahead
Independent sequences of variates can be generated from a single base
generator through the use of block-splitting, or skipping-ahead. This
method consists of splitting the sequence into k
non-overlapping blocks, each of length n, where n is
larger than the maximum number of variates required from any of the
sequences. For example:
Block 1:x(1),x(2),...,x(n), Block 2:x(n + 1), x(n + 2), ..., x(2 * n), Block 3:x(2 * n + 1), x(2 * n + 2), ..., x(3 * n), etc.
Each of the k blocks provide an independent sequence.
The block splitting algorithm therefore requires the sequence to be
advanced a large number of places. Due to their form this can be done
efficiently for linear congruential generators and multiple
congruential generators. The ACML provides block-splitting for the NAG
Basic generator, the Wichmann-Hill generators and L'Ecuyer's Combined
Recursive generator.


Narogg's Place
EQ Recipe : Large Gothic Steel Pauldrons
Click Item to see expanding info
1 x Granite Temper
- Crafted - Brewing
- 1 x Gargoyle Granite
- Foraged or Dropped
- Mistmoore Catacombs - LDON instance! need 3 live players to get task in butcher block.
- The Forlorn Caverns - text: The forlorn Caverns. The text to realize you have the right mission selected is: Ah, at last. I have been waiting for a hero of your strength to help me with this formidable undertaking. Khestin the Bold in Mistmoore Catacombs is trying to unite all the factions that exist there. We cannot allow this to happen. If they unite, they could become too powerful to defeat. Take your brave party in through a crypt in Lesser Faydark and kill Khestin the Bold if you can. Make haste!
- The Dreary Grotto
- A Bloodguard Stonstalker
- a dusty box
- A Scion Grave Scourer
- 1 x Water Flask
- Bought
- POK - General Supplies Merchants
1 x Large Plate Paudron Mold
- Bought
- Bazaar - Galarono McHalorsos
2 x Medium Quality Folded Sheet Metal
- Crafted - Smithing
- 1 x Block of Medium Quality Ore
- 1 x Smithy Hammer
- 1 x Water Flask
- Bought
- POK - General Supplies Merchants
1 x Smithy Hammer
1 x Superb Leather Padding
1 x Water Flask
- Bought
- POK - General Supplies Merchants


Jan @Novoj Novotný
public interface PersonDao {
void create(String firstName, String lastName, LocalDate birthDate);
void store(Person person);
Person getById();
boolean removeById();
}
Just to name a few:
Using automatic class (code) generation in:
Both approaches have their pros and cons.
Branch: tutorial01
Branch: tutorial02
Branch: tutorial03
Branch: tutorial04
What if we need custom logic on a proxy?
What if we want to mix and match custom logic with automatic one?
Default / abstract methods to the rescue.
Branch: tutorial05
Nothing much new here
Branch: tutorial06
Let's get advantage of parameters!
Branch: tutorial07
Branch: master
We can't simply serialize proxy - class might not be known at the moment of deserialization.
We need to serialize "recipe" how to reconstruct the class.
org.sonatype.plugins
jarjar-maven-plugin
1.9
package
jarjar
true
org.javassist:javassist
javassist.**
cz.novoj.generation.internal.javassist.@1
Contact me at @Novoj or novotnaci@gmail.com


Wait a moment!
kproxy will be ready for you in a few minutes.

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How is this possible? Thanks to our awesome PRO users. Help us to maintain a quality service for everyone around the world.
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Intro to Jekyll
Jekyll is a static site generator – a powerful tool that’s going to allow us to create complex elements, blogs, and repeatable layouts quickly and simply.
Want to learn more about Jekyll and the move towards static site generators? Check out these resources:
- https://davidwalsh.name/introduction-static-site-generators
- https://learn.cloudcannon.com/jekyll/why-use-a-static-site-generator/
- https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2015/11/modern-static-website-generators-next-big-thing/
One of the reasons we teach Jekyll is that it has a very quick learning curve – in just a few hours we can show you how to create functionality that would take us weeks to teach with a platform like Wordpress.
Further the skills you learn in creating Jekyll sites apply to other templating languages and platforms that you might want to learn in the future – including Wordpress and Shopify.
The more Jekyll you understand, the more powerful and well-organised websites you can create. Want to dive deeper now? Explore the docs at the CloudCannon Academy.
Reusable Layouts
One of the core features of Jekyll is that it allows us to create re-usable layouts – without Jekyll we have to code each page top to bottom (from the  to the , all the page content, the  etc). And if we want to change something in that header or footer, we need to edit the code on every single page. Not only is this annoying, it’s dangerously easy to make mistakes when you are trying to maintain websites with lots of pages.
In Jekyll we split our page – the reusable parts that we want on every page become the layout (called default.html) and the only content that’s specific to that page stays in the index.html or other page files.
When you want to edit the ,  or  or anything that you want to display on every single page you edit the default.html file and it edits everywhere at once.
Front-Matter
When we use Jekyll, we add ‘front-matter’ to the top of each individual page file (like our index.html, about.html, etc). Front matter gives extra information to the jekyll engine to tell it what to do – like for example to use the default layout.
---
title: Hello Tina May
layout: default
instagram: @hellotinamay
---
Liquid Templating
Jekyll uses liquid templating (the same one that Shopify uses) to create layouts.
There are two tags in Liquid:
- You can output variables by surrounding them in two curly braces e.g.
{{ variable }}
- You can perform logic statements by surrounding them in a curly brace, percentage sign e.g.
{% if statement %} ... {% endif %}
In the example above when we want to pull in the content from each page into the default layout, we use the {{content}}
tag.
---
title: Hello Tina May
layout: default
instagram: @hellotinamay
---

 {{ page.title }}

 Follow me at {{ page.instagram }}

Jekyll ‘runs’ every time we hit save, and it reads through the front matter and any liquid tags and then outputs plain html. If we inspected the page in the browser, it would look like this, and the liquid tags would have been replaced.

 Hello Tina May

 Follow me at @hellotinamay

Loops
Jekyll loops allow us to simplify the code for repeated elements. In this example below, Jekyll will loop through each ‘fruit’ object in the front matter and create a div with a h2, p and img.
{% for item in page.fruit %}

 {{item.name}}

 $ {{item.cost}} per kilo

{% endfor %}
So if the front matter looked like this …
---
layout: default
fruit:
- name: Pineapple
cost: 7
image_path: /images/pineapple.jpg
- name: Banana
cost: 5
image_path: /images/banana.jpg
- name: Apple
cost: 2
image_path: /images/apple.jpg
---
Then the output html (the final result) would look like this …

 Pineapple

 $7 per kilo

 Banana

 $5 per kilo

 Apple

 $2 per kilo


---
layout: page
title: Illustrations, Graphic Design and UI/UX
---
{% include_relative portfolio/design/mcn.html %}
{% include_relative portfolio/design/vita.html %}
{% include_relative portfolio/design/volvox.html %}
{% include_relative portfolio/design/flyingfido.html %}
{% include_relative portfolio/design/dinardirham.html %}
{% include_relative portfolio/design/anquan.html %}
{% include_relative portfolio/design/wsdc.html %}
{% include_relative portfolio/design/orientation.html %}
{% include_relative portfolio/design/tavi.html %}
{% include_relative portfolio/design/nullify.html %}
{% include_relative portfolio/design/alchemy.html %}
{% include_relative portfolio/design/refit.html %}
{% include_relative portfolio/design/panopt.html %}
{% include_relative portfolio/design/pb.html %}
{% include_relative portfolio/design/wonderwall.html %}
{% include_relative portfolio/design/mcn-modal.html %}
{% include_relative portfolio/design/vita-modal.html %}
{% include_relative portfolio/design/volvox-modal.html %}
{% include_relative portfolio/design/flyingfido-modal.html %}
{% include_relative portfolio/design/dinardirham-modal.html %}
{% include_relative portfolio/design/anquan-modal.html %}
{% include_relative portfolio/design/wsdc-modal.html %}
{% include_relative portfolio/design/orientation-modal.html %}
{% include_relative portfolio/design/tavi-modal.html %}
{% include_relative portfolio/design/nullify-modal.html %}
{% include_relative portfolio/design/alchemy-modal.html %}
{% include_relative portfolio/design/refit-modal.html %}
{% include_relative portfolio/design/panopt-modal.html %}
{% include_relative portfolio/design/pb-modal.html %}
{% include_relative portfolio/design/wonderwall-modal.html %}


We intend to identify, develop and promote adequate knowledge and skills that are essential for:
We provide personalised packages for training, coaching, tutoring and mentoring as per the requirement of the institution, professionals, parents and students. Blossom is an endeavour that promotes the collective institutional goals and individualized aspirations. It aims at developing a community that's well equipped with knowledge, skills, aptitude and competencies, to become self-reliant and employable.
At Blossom;
The facilities of Blossom travel far and wide, within and outside of the state. Blossom team shall reach the respective institutions where the training sessions are to be provided. The coaching, mentoring and tutoring have both institutionalized and individualized facilities.


2 Chronicles 8:8
But of their children, who were left after them in the land, whom the children of Israel consumed not, them did Solomon make to pay tribute until this day.


When you take an element out of a Collection
, you
must cast it to the type of element that is stored in the
collection. Besides being inconvenient, this is unsafe. The
compiler does not check that your cast is the same as the
collection's type, so the cast can fail at run time.
Generics provides a way for you to communicate the type of a collection to the compiler, so that it can be checked. Once the compiler knows the element type of the collection, the compiler can check that you have used the collection consistently and can insert the correct casts on values being taken out of the collection.
Here is a simple example taken from the existing Collections tutorial:
// Removes 4-letter words from c. Elements must be strings static void expurgate(Collection c) { for (Iterator i = c.iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) if (((String) i.next()).length() == 4) i.remove(); }
Here is the same example modified to use generics:
// Removes the 4-letter words from c static void expurgate(Collection<String> c) { for (Iterator<String> i = c.iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) if (i.next().length() == 4) i.remove(); }
When you see the code <Type>
, read it as "of
Type
"; the declaration above reads as
"Collection
of String c
." The code
using generics is clearer and safer. We have eliminated an unsafe
cast and a number of extra parentheses. More importantly, we have
moved part of the specification of the method from a comment to its
signature, so the compiler can verify at compile time that the type
constraints are not violated at run time. Because the program
compiles without warnings, we can state with certainty that it will
not throw a ClassCastException
at run time. The net
effect of using generics, especially in large programs, is improved
readability and robustness.
To paraphrase Generics Specification Lead Gilad Bracha, when we
declare c
to be of type
Collection<String>
, this tells us something
about the variable c
that holds true wherever and
whenever it is used, and the compiler guarantees it (assuming the
program compiles without warnings). A cast, on the other hand,
tells us something the programmer thinks is true at a single point
in the code, and the VM checks whether the programmer is right only
at run time.
While the primary use of generics is collections, there are many
other uses. "Holder classes," such as WeakReference
and ThreadLocal
,
have all been generified, that is, they have been
retrofitted to make use of generics. More surprisingly, class
Class
has been generified. Class literals now function as type
tokens, providing both run-time and compile-time type
information. This enables a style of static factories exemplified
by the getAnnotation
method in the new AnnotatedElement
interface:
<T extends Annotation> T getAnnotation(Class<T> annotationType);This is a generic method. It infers the value of its type parameter
T
from its argument, and returns an
appropriate instance of T
, as illustrated by the
following snippet:
Author a = Othello.class.getAnnotation(Author.class);Prior to generics, you would have had to cast the result to
Author
. Also you would have had no way to make the
compiler check that the actual parameter represented a subclass of
Annotation
.
Generics are implemented by type erasure: generic type information is present only at compile time, after which it is erased by the compiler. The main advantage of this approach is that it provides total interoperability between generic code and legacy code that uses non-parameterized types (which are technically known as raw types). The main disadvantages are that parameter type information is not available at run time, and that automatically generated casts may fail when interoperating with ill-behaved legacy code. There is, however, a way to achieve guaranteed run-time type safety for generic collections even when interoperating with ill-behaved legacy code.
The java.util.Collections
class has been outfitted
with wrapper classes that provide guaranteed run-time type safety.
They are similar in structure to the synchronized and unmodifiable
wrappers. These "checked collection wrappers" are very useful for
debugging. Suppose you have a set of strings, s
, into
which some legacy code is mysteriously inserting an integer.
Without the wrapper, you will not find out about the problem until
you read the problem element from the set, and an automatically
generated cast to String
fails. At this point, it is
too late to determine the source of the problem. If, however, you
replace the declaration:
Set<String> s = new HashSet<String>();with this declaration:
Set<String> s = Collections.checkedSet(new HashSet<String>(), String.class);the collection will throw a
ClassCastException
at the
point where the legacy code attempts to insert the integer. The
resulting stack trace will allow you to diagnose and repair the
problem.
You should use generics everywhere you can. The extra effort in generifying code is well worth the gains in clarity and type safety. It is straightforward to use a generic library, but it requires some expertise to write a generic library, or to generify an existing library. There is one caveat: You may not use generics (or any other Tiger features) if you intend to deploy the compiled code on a pre-5.0 virtual machine.
If you are familiar with C++'s template mechanism, you might think that generics are similar, but the similarity is superficial. Generics do not generate a new class for each specialization, nor do they permit "template metaprogramming."
There is much more to learn about generics. See the Generics lesson in the Java Tutorials.


Hello There!!
My name is Abdulrhman al-harasis , i have a bachelor's degree
in Electrical Engineering and a certification in health and safety supervisor ,
right now i'm studying code development in LTUC
i worked with the Greek company (Anipsotiki) as HSE supervisor. and Worked in computer maintenance for 3 years..


Demonstrates:
multi-select dropdown editor control
View Source:
View the source for this example on Github


My Chiom Chiom - Davido praises Chioma as she celebrates him on 27th birthday
- Nigerian music star, Davido, clocked 27 on November 21, 2019
- The Risky crooner’s woman, Chioma, made sure the day did not pass by unnoticed by celebrating him in a sweet way
- Davido has now taken to social media to appreciate the love Chioma has shown him
The entertainment industry is not always a good place for relationships to blossom seeing as many unions have crashed due to being in the limelight. However, not everyone is unlucky as some people appear to have found their missing rib.
On November 21, 2019, top Nigerian musician, Davido, clocked 27 and his woman was especially happy about the occasion. The singer’s wife-to-be made sure the day did not go unnoticed as she celebrated her man for the world to see on social media.
In one of Chioma’s numerous Instagram posts, she said that she is very happy to have Davido in her life as she cheered to 100 more birthdays together with him.
Wizkid celebrates manager on his birthday, gifts him multimillion naira wristwatch (photo, video)
See her post below:
The singer was obviously touched by the gesture and he used an endearing term on Chioma, calling her his ‘Chiom Chiom’. See a screenshot below:
This is lovely.
In other news, Legit.ng reported that Chioma explained how she produces a lot of breastmilk to feed her baby boy to her fans on social media. In the screenshot of the chat shared on her page, Chioma added that it is the reason for Ifeanyi being a big baby.
According to the new mother, she eats a lot of oats, fish, chicken, drinks water and more and she feels it is the reason for producing a lot of milk.
PAY ATTENTION: Do you have news to share? Contact Legit.ng instantly
HELLO! NAIJ.com (naija.ng) upgrades to Legit.ng We keep evolving to serve our readers better
Davido Gifts Girlfriend, Chioma N45 Million Present | Legit TV
Davido recounts how he contributed to Zlatan Ibile’s success, gifts him expensive necklace


{% extends "otree/admin/Session.html" %} {% load floppyforms otree_tags %} {% block content %} {{ block.super }} {% include "otree/includes/messages.html" %} {% form form using "floppyforms/layouts/bootstrap.html"%} {% next_button %} {% endblock %}


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These are tips for using GNU Radio with the USRP.
As with everything, your miles may very.
Please feel free to let me know if there's something that you know and I don't because I'm
always looking to improve my understanding of the tools and techniques. If you can do it
faster and/or better, I'd like to hear about it.
Disclaimers:
- This is all conceived by a computer scientist, not an electrical engineer. If some of these methods seems strange or uninformed, this is why.
Tip #1: 3 very useful visualization tools
Note: Read tip #2 before if having trouble with these.
The following are three graphical utilities that will allow you to scrutinize your signal(s). They
are all written in Python.
-
The FFT (frequency domain)
user> uhd_fft -f <center frequency>
-
The oscilloscope (time domain)
user> uhd_fft -f <center frequency> -S
-
The waterfall display (time/frequency domain)
user> uhd_fft -f <center frequency> -W
For more options:
user> uhd_fft -h
Tip #2: "Why are these 3 utilities frozen and useless when I run them?"
Each time that I have installed this software (my first being about 5 months ago), these
utilities barely worked. The graphs would work but the GUI's were unresponsive and would
have to be killed.
My theory for this is that the event engine that python is using (and I know nothing about python
or these widgets) is either being overwhelmed or starved by the other processing that the app is doing.
My solution:
I was able to control this issue by explicitly using lower values for the
fft-size and
fft-rate at the command
line.
user> uhd_fft --fft-size=512 --fft-rate=15 -f <center frequency>
For me, this solution was a tad tedious so I created bash aliases.
user> vi .bashrc
function fft
{
uhd_fft --fft-size=512 --fft-rate=15 ${*}
}
All subsequent logins will be able to use this.
user> fft -f <center frequency> <other arguments>
Tip #3: Capturing signals
uhd_rx_cfile is used for capturing a file from the
command line. use
uhd_rx_cfile -h to get the full list of options.
The following is an example that creates a file called
capture.raw:
user> uhd_rx_cfile --samp-rate=4M -f 13.56M -N 20M capture.raw
This command will capture 5 seconds worth of 13.56Mhz signal at 4Mhz sampling.
Tip #4: The GNU Radio Companion (GRC)
If you're like me, you're going to want to do as much work as possible from the command line.
however, for many things, GRC makes life much simpler. I'm not going to give a tutorial but
am going to recommend learning it. Check out some of the links that I supplied on the index
page.


"Benzema's time with France is over"
by BeSoccerKarim Benzema will not put on the national team shirt again. Noel Le Graet, the President of the Federation Gala, closed the doors on the Real Madrid striker.
The 8th October 2015, Karim Benzema scored two goals and got an assist in France's win over Germany. At this time, the Real Madrid striker did not know that this was going to be his last game with the national team.
The 'Valbuena case' closed the doors on Benzema and, despite some stand-out performances with Real Madrid, Didier Deschamps has always left him outside of the call-ups.
Although there might be a slight chance of a return for him, Le Graet decided to shut this down. "Karim Benzema is a very good player, I never questioned his qualities. He is one of the best players in his position, but his time with France is over," he told 'RMC Sport'.
A very big statement that definitely leaves Karim Benzema outside of the France national team.  He is a character that has no filter, but he is also very loved. You would have to be a little blind or deaf not to understand that it would be difficult to choose him," Le Graet said in the months after the 'Valbuena case'.
In defence of the Real Madrid player, Zinedine Zidane himself said: "Karim has always wanted to play with the national team. I don't know what is happening, but for me he is the best and I'd make room for him."


Interfaces are defined using five families of macros:
BOOST_IDL_BEGINxxx
— begins an interface definition
BOOST_IDL_ENDxxx
— ends an interface definition
BOOST_IDL_EXTENDS
— declares a base interface
BOOST_IDL_FNz
— declares a non-const
member function of arity z
BOOST_IDL_CONST_FNz
— declares a const
member function of arity z
The definition of an interface name
which is not a template and which does not extend any other interface begins with BOOST_IDL_BEGIN(name)
and ends with BOOST_IDL_END(name)
. Between the invocations of BOOST_IDL_BEGIN
and BOOST_IDL_END
, the macros BOOST_IDL_FNz
and BOOST_IDL_CONST_FNz
can be used to declare zero or more member functions.
For example, the following sequence of macro invocations
BOOST_IDL_BEGIN(IPoint) BOOST_IDL_CONST_FN0(x, long) BOOST_IDL_CONST_FN0(y, long) BOOST_IDL_FN1(x, void, long) BOOST_IDL_FN1(y, void, long) BOOST_IDL_END(IPoint)
is equivaent to the pseudocode
interface IPoint { long x() const; long y() const; void x(long); void y(long); }
An interfaces may be declared to derived from an interface base
using BOOST_IDL_EXTENDS(base)
. For example, the following sequence of macro invocations
BOOST_IDL_BEGIN(ICircle) BOOST_IDL_EXTENDS(IPoint) BOOST_IDL_CONST_FN0(diameter, long) BOOST_IDL_FN1(diameter, void, long) BOOST_IDL_END(ICircle)
is equivaent to the pseudocode
interface ICircle : IPoint { long diameter() const; void diameter(long); }
An interface template name
having template arity arity
may be defined using the macros BOOST_IDL_BEGIN_TEMPLATE(name, arity)
and BOOST_IDL_END_TEMPLATE(name, arity)
, or using the convenience macros BOOST_IDL_BEGINz(name)
and BOOST_IDL_ENDz(name)
, which have the template arity z
hard-wired into the macro name. The keyword template
and the template parameter list enclosed in angle brackets must precede the invocation of BOOST_IDL_BEGIN_TEMPLATE
or BOOST_IDL_BEGINz
.
For example, the following sequence of macro invocations
template<typename T> BOOST_IDL_BEGIN1(IStack) BOOST_IDL_CONST_FN0(empty, bool) BOOST_IDL_FN1(push, void, const T&) BOOST_IDL_FN0(pop, void) BOOST_IDL_FN0(top, T&) BOOST_IDL_CONST_FN0(top, const T&) BOOST_IDL_END1(IStack)
is equivaent to the pseudocode
template<typename T> interface IStack { bool empty() const; void push(const T&); void pop(); T& top(); const T& top() const; };
Type expressions containing unprotected commas can confuse the preprocessor; this is a particular problem when defining interface templates. In most such cases, the macro BOOST_IDL_PROTECT
can be used to insert an extra set of parentheses. For example, the following pseudocode definition:
template<typename Ch, typename Tr, typename Alloc> interface INamed { std::basic_string<Ch, Tr, Alloc> name() const; };
can be rendered correctly in the IDL as follows:
template<typename Ch, typename Tr, typename Alloc> BOOST_IDL_BEGIN3(INamed) BOOST_IDL_CONST_FN0( name, BOOST_IDL_PROTECT((std::basic_string<Ch, Tr, Alloc>)) ) BOOST_IDL_END3(INamed)
See BOOST_IDL_PROTECT
for a more detailed explanation and some caveats.
Revised 13 Jan, 2005
© Copyright Jonathan Turkanis, 2005. Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)


Global environment¶
Global variables¶
-
mod_env
¶ Module environment, contains data pointer for module-specific data. See
pythonmod_env
.
Predefined constants¶
Module extended state¶
-
module_state_initial
¶ Initial state - new DNS query.
-
module_wait_reply
¶ Waiting for reply to outgoing network query.
-
module_wait_module
¶ Module is waiting for another module.
-
module_wait_subquery
¶ Module is waiting for sub-query.
-
module_error
¶ Module could not finish the query.
-
module_finished
¶ Module is finished with query.
Module event¶
-
module_event_new
¶ New DNS query.
-
module_event_pass
¶ Query passed by other module.
-
module_event_reply
¶ Reply inbound from server.
-
module_event_noreply
¶ No reply, timeout or other error.
-
module_event_capsfail
¶ Reply is there, but capitalisation check failed.
-
module_event_moddone
¶ Next module is done, and its reply is awaiting you.
-
module_event_error
¶ Error occurred.
Security status¶
-
sec_status_unchecked
¶ Means that object has yet to be validated.
-
sec_status_bogus
¶ Means that the object (RRset or message) failed to validate (according to local policy), but should have validated.
-
sec_status_indeterminate
¶ Means that the object is insecure, but not authoritatively so. Generally this means that the RRset is not below a configured trust anchor.
-
sec_status_insecure
¶ Means that the object is authoritatively known to be insecure. Generally this means that this RRset is below a trust anchor, but also below a verified, insecure delegation.
-
sec_status_secure
¶ Means that the object (RRset or message) validated according to local policy.
Resource records (RR sets)¶
The different RR classes.
The different RR types.
RR_TYPE_A
¶A host address.
RR_TYPE_NS
¶An authoritative name server.
RR_TYPE_MD
¶A mail destination (Obsolete - use MX).
RR_TYPE_MF
¶A mail forwarder (Obsolete - use MX).
RR_TYPE_CNAME
¶The canonical name for an alias.
RR_TYPE_SOA
¶Marks the start of a zone of authority.
RR_TYPE_MB
¶A mailbox domain name (EXPERIMENTAL).
RR_TYPE_MG
¶A mail group member (EXPERIMENTAL).
RR_TYPE_MR
¶A mail rename domain name (EXPERIMENTAL).
RR_TYPE_NULL
¶A null RR (EXPERIMENTAL).
RR_TYPE_WKS
¶A well known service description.
RR_TYPE_PTR
¶A domain name pointer.
RR_TYPE_HINFO
¶Host information.
RR_TYPE_MINFO
¶Mailbox or mail list information.
RR_TYPE_MX
¶Mail exchange.
RR_TYPE_TXT
¶Text strings.
RR_TYPE_RP
¶RFC1183.
RR_TYPE_AFSDB
¶RFC1183.
RR_TYPE_X25
¶RFC1183.
RR_TYPE_ISDN
¶RFC1183.
RR_TYPE_RT
¶RFC1183.
RR_TYPE_NSAP
¶RFC1706.
RR_TYPE_NSAP_PTR
¶RFC1348.
RR_TYPE_SIG
¶2535typecode.
RR_TYPE_KEY
¶2535typecode.
RR_TYPE_PX
¶RFC2163.
RR_TYPE_GPOS
¶RFC1712.
RR_TYPE_AAAA
¶IPv6 address.
RR_TYPE_LOC
¶LOC record RFC1876.
RR_TYPE_NXT
¶2535typecode.
RR_TYPE_EID
¶draft-ietf-nimrod-dns-01.txt.
RR_TYPE_NIMLOC
¶draft-ietf-nimrod-dns-01.txt.
RR_TYPE_SRV
¶SRV record RFC2782.
RR_TYPE_ATMA
¶
RR_TYPE_NAPTR
¶RFC2915.
RR_TYPE_KX
¶RFC2230.
RR_TYPE_CERT
¶RFC2538.
RR_TYPE_A6
¶RFC2874.
RR_TYPE_DNAME
¶RFC2672.
RR_TYPE_SINK
¶dnsind-kitchen-sink-02.txt.
RR_TYPE_OPT
¶Pseudo OPT record.
RR_TYPE_APL
¶RFC3123.
RR_TYPE_DS
¶draft-ietf-dnsext-delegation.
RR_TYPE_SSHFP
¶SSH Key Fingerprint.
RR_TYPE_IPSECKEY
¶draft-richardson-ipseckey-rr-11.txt.
RR_TYPE_RRSIG
¶draft-ietf-dnsext-dnssec-25.
RR_TYPE_NSEC
¶
RR_TYPE_DNSKEY
¶
RR_TYPE_DHCID
¶
RR_TYPE_NSEC3
¶
RR_TYPE_NSEC3PARAMS
¶
RR_TYPE_UINFO
¶
RR_TYPE_UID
¶
RR_TYPE_GID
¶
RR_TYPE_UNSPEC
¶
RR_TYPE_TSIG
¶
RR_TYPE_IXFR
¶
RR_TYPE_AXFR
¶
RR_TYPE_MAILB
¶A request for mailbox-related records (MB, MG or MR).
RR_TYPE_MAILA
¶A request for mail agent RRs (Obsolete - see MX).
RR_TYPE_ANY
¶Any type (wildcard).
RR_TYPE_DLV
¶RFC 4431, 5074, DNSSEC Lookaside Validation.
Return codes¶
Return codes for packets.
-
RCODE_NOERROR
¶
-
RCODE_FORMERR
¶
-
RCODE_SERVFAIL
¶
-
RCODE_NXDOMAIN
¶
-
RCODE_NOTIMPL
¶
-
RCODE_REFUSED
¶
-
RCODE_YXDOMAIN
¶
-
RCODE_YXRRSET
¶
-
RCODE_NXRRSET
¶
-
RCODE_NOTAUTH
¶
-
RCODE_NOTZONE
¶


Cool Beans offers a meeting room that is perfect for small business meetings, club meetings, and small parties. This room is normally open for Cool Beans' patrons but can be reserved and closed off for private meetings as well. The meeting room seats 16-20 people. Why not meet in a relaxing place outside the office?
For more details or to reserve the room, please give us a call at
1-608-244-8414


[ aws . route53domains ]
This operation returns all the domain-related billing records for the current AWS account for a specified period
See also: AWS API Documentation
view-billing
[--marker <value>]
[--max-items <value>]
[--start-time <value>]
[--end-time <value>]
[--cli-input-json <value>]
[--generate-cli-skeleton <value>]
For an initial request for a list of billing records, omit this element. If the number of billing records that are associated with the current AWS account during the specified period is greater than the value that you specified for MaxItems , you can use Marker to return additional billing records. Get the value of NextPageMarker from the previous response, and submit another request that includes the value of NextPageMarker in the Marker element.
Type: String
Default: None
Constraints: The marker must match the value of NextPageMarker that was returned in the previous response.
Required: No
The number of billing records to be returned.
Type: Integer
Default: 20
Constraints: A value between 1 and 100.
Required: No
The beginning date and time for the time period for which you want a list of billing records. Specify the date in Unix time format.
Type: Double
Default: None
Required: Yes
The end date and time for the time period for which you want a list of billing records. Specify the date in Unix time format.
Type: Double
Default: None
Required: Yes
--cli-input-json (string) Performs service operation based on the JSON string provided. The JSON string follows the format provided by --generate-cli-skeleton. If other arguments are provided on the command line, the CLI values will override the JSON-provided values.
--generate-cli-skeleton (string) Prints a JSON skeleton to standard output without sending an API request. If provided with no value or the value input, prints a sample input JSON that can be used as an argument for --cli-input-json. If provided with the value output, it validates the command inputs and returns a sample output JSON for that command.
NextPageMarker -> (string)
If there are more billing records than you specified for MaxItems in the request, submit another request and include the value of NextPageMarker in the value of Marker .
Type: String
Parent: BillingRecords
BillingRecords -> (list)
A summary of billing records.
Type: Complex type containing a list of billing record summaries.
Children: DomainName , Operation , InvoiceId , BillDate and Price
(structure)
DomainName -> (string)
The name of a domain.
Type: String
Operation -> (string)
The operation that you were charged for.
Type: String
Valid values:
- REGISTER_DOMAIN
- TRANSFER_IN_DOMAIN
- RENEW_DOMAIN
- CHANGE_DOMAIN_OWNER
InvoiceId -> (string)
The ID of the invoice that is associated with the billing record.
Type: String
BillDate -> (timestamp)
The date that the operation was billed, in Unix format.
Type: Double
Price -> (double)
The price that you were charged for the operation, in US dollars.
Type: Double
Example value: 12.0


|
Collections
Allard, James R. and Hawkinson, Lowell B., Real-time programming in Common Lisp, Commun. ACM 34, 9 (Sept. 1991), 64-69. [Index Terms and Review] Barber, Richard and Imlah, George, Delivering the goods with Lisp, Commun. ACM 34, 9 (Sept. 1991), 61-63. [Index Terms and Review] Barstow, David, On convergence toward a database of program transformations, ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. 7, 1 (Jan. 1985), 1-9. [Index Terms and Review] Cameron, Robert D., Efficient high-level iteration with accumulators, ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. 11, 2 (April 1989), 194-211. [Index Terms and Review] Demasco, Patrick W. and McCoy, Kathleen F., Generating text from compressed input : an intelligent interface for people with severe motor impairments, Commun. ACM 35, 5 (May 1992), 68-78. [Index Terms and Review] Ditzel, Schuler and Thomas, A Lisp Machine Profile: Symbolics 3650, AI Expert, (January 1987). Donahue, James and Demers, Alan, Data types are values, ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. 7, 3 (July 1985), 426-445. [Index Terms and Review] Falcone, Joseph R., A programmable interface language for heterogeneous distributed systems, ACM Trans. Comput. Syst. 5, 4 (Nov. 1987), 330-351. [Index Terms and Review] Fateman, Richard J., Broughan, Kevin A., Willcock, Diane K. and Rettig, Duane, Fast floating-point processing in Common Lisp, ACM Trans. Math. Softw. 21, 1 (March 1995), 26-62. [Abstract, Index Terms and Review] Foderaro, John, LISP : introduction, Commun. ACM 34, 9 (Sept. 1991), 27. [Index Terms and Review] Gabriel, Richard P., White, Jon L. and Bobrow, Daniel G., CLOS : integrating object-oriented and functional programming, Commun. ACM 34, 9 (Sept. 1991), 28-38. [Index Terms and Review] Gabriel, Richard P. "Good News, Bad News: How to Win Big", 1994. Describes some directions Lisp implementors might wish to take. It is available on-line and via ftp. Gajek, Oliver, The Metal system, Commun. ACM 34, 9 (Sept. 1991), 46-47. [Index Terms and Review] Graham, Paul, Anatomy of a Lisp Machine, AI Expert (December 1988). Halstead, Robert H., Jr., MULTILISP: a language for concurrent symbolic computation, ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. 7, 4 (Oct. 1985), 501-538. [Index Terms and Review] Haynes, Christopher T. and Friedman, Daniel P., Embedding continuations in procedural objects, ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. 9, 4 (Oct. 1987), 582-598. [Index Terms and Review] Hudak, Paul, Conception, evolution, and application of functional programming languages, ACM Comput. Surv. 21, 3 (Sep. 1989), 359-411. [Index Terms and Review] Landi, William, Undecidability of static analysis, ACM Lett. Program. Lang. Syst. 1, 4 (Dec. 1992), 323-337. [Abstract and Index Terms] Layer, D. Kevin and Richardson, Chris, Lisp systems in the 1990s, Commun. ACM 34, 9 (Sept. 1991), 48-57. [Index Terms and Review] Loeckx, Jacques, Algorithmic specifications: a constructive specification method for abstract data types, ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. 9, 4 (Oct. 1987), 646-661. [Index Terms and Review] McCarthy, John Recursive Functions of Symbolic Expressions and their Computation by Machine, Part I, CACM 3, 4 (April 1960), 185-195. [Defines five elementary functions on s-expressions.] McCarthy, John, History of LISP. ACM Sigplan Not. 13,8 (Aug. 1978), 217-223. This also appeared in History of Programming Languages. McCarthy, John A Micro-Manual for Lisp -- not the whole Truth, ACM SIGPLAN Notices 13, 8, (August 1978), 215-216. [Defines the Lisp programming language in 10 rules and gives a small interpreter (eval) written in this Lisp.] McKay, Scott, CLIM : the Common Lisp interface manager, Commun. ACM 34, 9 (Sept. 1991), 58-59. [Index Terms and Review] Muller, Hans, LispView : leverage through integration, Commun. ACM 34, 9 (Sept. 1991), 59-61. [Index Terms and Review] Muller, Robert, M-LISP: a representation-independent dialect of LISP with reduction semantics, ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. 14, 4 (Oct. 1992), 589-616. [Abstract, Index Terms and Review] Pleszkun and Thazhuthaveetil, The Architecture of Lisp Machines, IEEE Computer (March 1987). Sciore, Edward, Siegel, Michael and Rosenthal, Arnon, Using semantic values to facilitate interoperability among heterogeneous information systems, ACM Trans. Database Syst. 19, 2 (June 1994), 254-290. [Abstract, Index Terms and Review] Shankar, N., A mechanical proof of the Church-Rosser theorem, J. ACM 35, 3 (July 1988), 475-522. [Index Terms and Review] Sheard, Tim and Stemple, David, Automatic verification of database transaction safety, ACM Trans. Database Syst. 14, 3 (Sept. 1989), 322-368. [Index Terms and Review] Sinclair, Kenneth H. and Moon, David A., The philosophy of Lisp, Commun. ACM 34, 9 (Sept. 1991), 40-47. [Index Terms and Review] Moon, David A. Symbolics Architecture, IEEE Computer, January, 1987. pp. 43-54 Spooner, C. R., The ML approach to the readable all-purpose language, ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. 8, 2 (April 1986), 215-243. [Index Terms and Review] Stamos, James W. and Gifford, David K., Remote evaluation, ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. 12, 4 (Oct. 1990), 537-564. [Index Terms and Review] Steenkiste, Peter A. and Hennessy, John L., A simple interprocedural register allocation algorithm and its effectiveness for LISP, ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. 11, 1 (Jan. 1989), 1-32. [Index Terms and Review] Stewart, Rocky L., Biosphere 2 nerve system, Commun. ACM 34, 9 (Sept. 1991), 69-71. [Index Terms and Review] Sullivan, Stephen J. and Zorn, Benjamin G., Numerical analysis using nonprocedural paradigms, ACM Trans. Math. Softw. 21, 3 (Sept. 1995), 267-298. [Abstract and Index Terms] Touretzky, David S. and Lee, Peter, Visualizing evaluation in applicative languages, Commun. ACM 35, 10 (Oct. 1992), 49-59. [Index Terms and Review] Waters, Richard C., Automatic transformation of series expressions into loops, ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. 13, 1 (Jan. 1991), 52-98. [Abstract, Index Terms and Review] Webber, Adam, Optimization of functional programs by grammar thinning, ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. 17, 2 (March 1995), 293-330. [Abstract, Index Terms and Review] Weerawarana, Sanjiva and Wang, Paul S., A portable code generator for CRAY FORTRAN, ACM Trans. Math. Softw. 18, 3 (Sept. 1992), 241-255. [Abstract, Index Terms and Review] Wilkes, Maurice V., From Fortran and Algol to object-oriented languages, Commun. ACM 36, 7 (July 1993), 21-23. [Index Terms and Review] |


Libvaxy
0.1
A Terraria library mod focusing on easing development and providing a lot of meta.
Variables
build.txt File Reference
Variables
displayName
gitignore
LICENSE
README
md
README
bin
README
obj
README
Doxyfile
README
html
Variable Documentation
◆
bin
README bin
Definition at line
4
of file
build.txt
.
◆
displayName
displayName
Initial value:
=
Libvaxy
author = Trivaxy
version = 0.1
buildIgnore = Properties/
Definition at line
1
of file
build.txt
.
◆
Doxyfile
README Doxyfile
Definition at line
4
of file
build.txt
.
◆
gitignore
gitignore
Definition at line
4
of file
build.txt
.
◆
html
README html
Definition at line
4
of file
build.txt
.
◆
LICENSE
LICENSE
Definition at line
4
of file
build.txt
.
◆
md
README md
Definition at line
4
of file
build.txt
.
◆
obj
README obj
Definition at line
4
of file
build.txt
.
Libvaxy
Definition:
DetourAttribute.cs:4
Generated by
1.8.20


Thank you for choosing to help BusMall create a better shopping experience for you and your community!
below will appear 3 images. Please click on the image that most intrests you. The images will then change to 3 different items and again click on the one for wich you would be most interested. After you have made a total of 25 selections, the survey will be concluded and you will no longer be able to make any more choices. A summary chart will then be provided, showing the percentage for which you clicked on each items when presented with it. These totals will be tabulated by the accounting firm of Dewey, Cheetum & Howe and those results will be submitted to BusMall for use in future catalogs.


By Bus
- Bus travel in Flanders is organized by a company called 'De Lijn'.
- You can check buses via their website (https://www.delijn.be/en/) or via the app of 'De Lijn'.
- Tickets can be bought via the De Lijn shop (at the station of Leuven), via the website, via the app or via SMS.
- More information
By Bike
- Bikes can be rented in Leuven at Fietspunt Leuven for 10 euro/day or 24 euro/week.
- Their office is located in the big bike shed next to the station of Leuven (to the left, if you exit the station). They are open on weekdays between 7AM and 7PM.
- Alternatively, bikes can be rented at Leuven Leisure.


Overview of how the AI and craft classes work.
The GeoData class is the root node. Every frame it's Update() function is
called, with the amount of time the game's state is to be advanced by.
The GeoData delegates the the Update() to the items it contains.
Currently these are a list of HumanBases, and the Alien "Overmind".
(And these subsequently delegate to their contained items, and so on.)
Conceptually, the Alien AI is made up of 3 layers.
- Overmind
- InvasionTask
- Craft
Overmind
This layer will be responsible for the big picture planning. That is
deciding on the sorts of missions to undertake. E.g. deciding to try
and harvest a country, Undertake offensive missions against X-Corp
because the humans are getting annoying, Creating Bases, etc.
The Overmind owns a number of InvasionTasks
InvasionTask
Is responsible for a mission, or set of missions, that may involve one or more UFOs.
It's job is synchronization of behaviour between multiple UFOs.
E.g.
In X-COM, a "retaliation task", is made up of a number of UFO missions,
a number of scouting missions to find the base. Followed by a series of
attacks on the base which attempt to destroy it. (If the scouting
missions fail, the attack missions won't be launched.)
Likewise, a
"research task" in X-COM is made up of a number of separate UFO
research missions, with days or weeks separating each of the missions.
The InvasionTask will have a number of derived classes, one for each different type of mission.
The InvasionTask owns the UFOs that are currently "live" on the Geoscape
Craft
Each
craft has its own "autonomous" AI. The AI is implemented as a 2 level
Hierachial Finite State Machine (HFSM). The HFSM is built by the
classes Mission MissionState, and their derived classes.
How this works is a bit hard to explain. It's probably easier to give an example.
Consider the case of an intercept mission. In the simplest form, the mission can be thought of as:- Aircraft waits in a hanger (being refuelled, repaired, reloaded etc.)
- Aircraft is launched, and tries to intercept a UFO.
- When the aircraft reaches the UFO, the UFO is shot down
- The aircraft flies back to its base.
- Aircraft waits in a hanger (being refuelled, repaired, reloaded etc.)
From this, you can see that the aircraft has 3 "states" during the mission:- InBase
- Intercepting
- ReturningToBase
In
each of these states, the craft's behaviour is different, and the craft
transitions from state to state when an "event" occurs. Also note,
other events can occur and cause other state transitions. For example,
if the aircraft runs short on fuel while in the "Intercepting" state,
it must return to base. However, if the craft is in the
"ReturningToBase" state when fuel is low, then the event can be ignored.
Thus,
the update() method of the "MissionState" classes implements the
behaviour of each state. The MissionState also implements the
ICraftEvents interface, which provides a virtual function that is
called for each "event" that may generate a state transition. Thus, if
a state needs to implement behaviour in response to an event, the
derived class just needs to override the appropriate virtual function.
Thus,
we could build the missions by deriving a class from MissionState for
each state of each mission type. (Which might result in a lot of very
similar mission states and replicated code if some mission states had
very similar behaviour.)
To reduce this, the "Mission" class exists:
- It allows us to reuse a mission state in multiple missions (e.g.
MoveToPostionState can be used in a Research mission, where a UFO needs
to move between random locations on the globe, and in intercept
missions, when the craft is returning to base.)
- It allows us to
put code that may be common to all states in one place. E.g. If
OnCraftDestroyed() does the same thing for every state in a mission,
then we can put it's behaviour in OnCraftDestroyed() in the Mission,
rather than each MissionState.


---
layout: default
title: Game Design Projects
---
These projects run in your browser, but require javascript to be enabled. You may need to different browsers to get them to work. Please send reviews and a score out of 100 points via email by December 13th.
Untitled Goo Game
Shark Girl and Lava Boy
The Next Experiment
Nightmare's End
Octopus Game


In the first part of this article I presented the results of the classical machine learning classifiers and introduced the convolutional neural network architecture. In this second part, let's take a look at different strategies to improve the accuracy of the model.
Before we go into the different techniques I tried to improve the acurracy, let's take a step back and go through a few basics.
While training a convolutional neural network myself, it can become overwhelming to keep track of all the number of decisions that need to be made and the what seems like almost infinite
possibilities to be explored. This is where pipelines come in handy to experiment with different scenarios. Let's take a quick look at the exploratory data analysis which inspired the pipeline plan.
Analysis:
• The
images are in different sizes
• The
image brightness is fairly random
• The
images may be slightly rotated
• The
images may not be facing straight
• The
images may not be exactly centred
• The
class are fairly equally distributed (most classes ~15% of overall dataset, one class 20% of overall dataset) and
consistent across training, validation and test data set
Visualization helps me to intuitively understand what I’m dealing with. Some ideas I explored here are: resize all images into the same shape, image augmentation to compensate for few training data samples, data normalization, experimentation with different color spaces
There are three main types of pixel scaling techniques supported by the Keras ImageDataGenerator class:
•Pixel Normalization: scale pixel values to the range 0-1.
•Pixel Centering: scale pixel values to have a zero mean.
•Pixel Standardization: scale pixel values to have a zero mean and unit variance.
The pixel standardization is supported at two levels: either per-image (called sample-wise) or per-dataset (called feature-wise). Specifically, the mean and/or mean and standard deviation statistics required to standardize pixel values can be calculated from the pixel values in each image only (sample-wise) or across the entire training dataset (feature-wise).
Feature-wise normalization (left) implies the following:
- featurewise_center: set input mean to 0 over the dataset.
- featurewise_std_normalization: divide inputs by std of the dataset.
The results are a bit disappointing. I was expecting normalization to have a big effect, but the improvement is minimal.
Sample-wise normalization (right) implies the following:
- samplewise_center: set each sample mean to 0.
- samplewise_std_normalization: divide each input by its std.
Sample-wise normalization shows a bit better score (but higher loss) than the feature-wise normalization, but same as the feature-wise normalization not a significant improvement. And the model is still overfitting.
One missing ingredient required in modern convolutional neural networks is data augmentation. The human vision system is excellent at adapting to image translations, rotations and other forms of distortions. Take an image and flip it anyway, most people can still recognize it. However, CNNs are not very good at handling such distortions, they could fail terribly due to minor translations. They key to resolving this is to randomly distort the training images, using horizontal flipping, vertical flipping, rotation, zooming, shifting and other distortions. This would enable CNNs to learn how to handle these distortions, hence, they would be able to work well in the real world. For small datasets, data augmentation is used as a way to introduce variance and provide the classifier with a better sense of the world.
The performance with the augmentation is actually worse than without it. Moreover:
• the network is not robust to these changes.
• the training requires more epochs (it takes more time to train with larger data, and the network does not converge even after 500 epochs).
Still, I was not ready to abandon this path just yet.
Being able to handle distortion is a nice feature, but it isn't enough since our augmented samples are still highly correlated. So, I’ve used additional transformations like converting the color of an image from one color space to another to supplement our data while adding healthy variance.
I've enjoyed this part very much, especially since it was the first time I've used color space transformations. After some research, I decided to use BGR, HSV, YUV, CrCb, HLS, Lab, Luv, XYZ.
My aim here was not to create a very high-tech state of the art CNN architecture to get the best accuracy but to compare the color spaces.
The results were surprising. I was expecting some color transformations to be more efficient as many images are more about shapes and less about colors. Also, I was thinking that the colors in cars are more saturated than that of backgrounds (i.e., trees), and the color space like HSV and HLS might contribute to superior performance. This was not the case.
The results are generally quite similar. XYZ colorspace gives slightly better results while HSV gives slightly poorer results. Why did this happen? Maybe because XYZ is pretty similar to RGB, whereas HSV is a cylindrical system and is the farthest off RGB in terms of similarity, hence gave the worst results.
So far I’ve explored the hypothesis that by augmenting our
dataset, we allow our model to learn more robust and generalizable features and
produce more accurate classifications than our previous model. But there
are also ways to improve the performance of our model by fine-tuning the model
itself. Tuning hyperparameters for deep neural network can
be difficult as it can be slow to train a deep neural network and there are
numerous parameters to configure. The most commonly used recipes are:
- Dropout is a simple technique that will randomly drop nodes
out of the network, forcing the remaining nodes to adapt and pick-up the slack
of the removed nodes. In a way, it prevents a layer from seeing twice the exact
same pattern.
- During training, there will be a point when the model will
stop generalizing and start learning the statistical noise in the training dataset. Early stopping refers
stopping the training process before the learner passes that point.
- Weight
Decay tries to incentivize the network to use smaller
weights by adding a penalty to the loss function.
But the list goes on and on (and this is by no means an exhaustive list): the number
of convolutional layers and filters, the number
of fully connected (dense) layers and neurons, the number
of epochs, the batch
size, the learning
rate, using dropout
and increasing dropout, batch
normalization, different
activations, different
optimizers and much more.
As I experimented with more and more ideas, it became harder and harder
for me to remember what I had tried.
What changes made the network better or worse? I was inspired by this post to use a mind map to keep track of the important things I tried.
I probably tried more than 15 different network architectures, with different network depths and different filter sizes, and learning rates. I got the the best results by using a very high filter size 11x11 (probably because since the pictures are mostly well centered, a big number of pixels is necessary
for the network recognize the object) and a very low learning rate. After 1000 epochs and 25 hours later, I decided to stop the training. It seems to the right path, but the network could still learn and could take advantage of more training to reach convergence.
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The f_mkfs fucntion creates an FAT volume on the logical drive.
FRESULT f_mkfs ( const TCHAR* path, /* [IN] Logical drive number */ BYTE sfd, /* [IN] Partitioning rule */ UINT au /* [IN] Size of the allocation unit */ );
FR_OK, FR_DISK_ERR, FR_NOT_READY, FR_WRITE_PROTECTED, FR_INVALID_DRIVE, FR_NOT_ENABLED, FR_MKFS_ABORTED, FR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The f_mkfs function creates an FAT volume on the specified logical drive. When FDISK format is specified, a primary partition occupies entire space of the physical drive is created and then an FAT volume is created on the partition. When SFD format is specified, the FAT volume starts from the first sector of the physical drive.
If the logical drive is bound to the specific partition (1-4) by multiple partition feature (_MULTI_PARTITION), the FAT volume is created into the partition. In this case, the second argument sfd is ignored. The physical drive must have been partitioned with f_fdisk function or any other partitioning tools prior to create the FAT volume with this function.
Note that there are two partitioning rules, FDISK and SFD. The FDISK partitioning is usually used for harddisk, MMC, SDC, CFC and U Disk. It can divide a physical drive into one or more partitions with a partition table on the MBR. However Windows does not support multiple partition on the removable disk. The SFD is non-partitioned method. The FAT volume starts from the first sector on the physical drive without partition table. It is usually used for floppy disk, Microdrive, optical disk and any type of super-floppy media.
The FAT sub-type, FAT12/FAT16/FAT32, is determined by number of clusters on the volume and nothing else, according to the FAT specification issued by Microsoft. Thus which FAT sub-type is selected, is depends on the volume size and the specified cluster size. The cluster size affects read/write throughput and space usage efficiency. Larger cluster size increases the read/write throughput and decreases the space usage efficiency of the volume.
In case of the number of clusters gets near the FAT sub-type boundaries, the function can fail with FR_MKFS_ABORTED.
Available when _FS_READOLNY == 0 and _USE_MKFS == 1.
/* Format default drive and create a file */ int main (void) { FATFS fs; /* File system object (volume work area) */ FIL fil; /* File object */ FRESULT res; /* API result code */ UINT bw; /* Bytes written */ /* Register work area (do not care about error) */ f_mount(&fs, "", 0); /* Create FAT volume with default cluster size */ res = f_mkfs("", 0, 0); if (res) ... /* Create a file as new */ res = f_open(&fil, "hello.txt", FA_CREATE_NEW | FA_WRITE); if (res) ... /* Write a message */ f_write(&fil, "Hello, World!\r\n", 15, &bw); if (bw != 15) ... /* Close the file */ f_close(&fil); /* Unregister work area */ f_mount(0, "", 0);


My Google Maps Demo
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This project has received funding from
the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 768686.