The Story of Doctor Dolittle
by Hugh Lofting
Chapter 9: The Monkeys Council
Additional Information
- Year Published: 1920
- Language: English
- Country of Origin: England
- Source: Lofting, H. (1920). The Story of Doctor Dolittle . New York, NY: Frederick A. Stokes
-
Readability:
- Flesch–Kincaid Level: 4.2
- Word Count: 896
- Genre: Fantasy
- Keywords: adventure, helping others
- ✎ Cite This
Downloads
Chee–Chee stood outside the Doctor's door, keeping everybody away till he woke up. Then John Dolittle told the monkeys that he must now go back to Puddleby.
They were very surprised at this; for they had thought that he was going to stay with them forever. And that night all the monkeys got together in the jungle to talk it over.
And the Chief Chimpanzee rose up and said,
"Why is it the good man is going away? Is he not happy here with us?"
But none of them could answer him.
Then the Grand Gorilla got up and said,
"I think we all should go to him and ask him to stay. Perhaps if we make him a new house and a bigger bed, and promise him plenty of monkey–servants to work for him and to make life pleasant for him—perhaps then he will not wish to go."
Then Chee–Chee got up; and all the others whispered, "Sh! Look! Chee–Chee, the great Traveler, is about to speak!"
And Chee–Chee said to the other monkeys,
"My friends, I am afraid it is useless to ask the Doctor to stay. He owes money in Puddleby; and he says he must go back and pay it."
And the monkeys asked him, "What is MONEY?"
Then Chee–Chee told them that in the Land of the White Men you could get nothing without money; you could DO nothing without money—that it was almost impossible to LIVE without money.
And some of them asked, "But can you not even eat and drink without paying?"
But Chee–Chee shook his head. And then he told them that even he, when he was with the organ–grinder, had been made to ask the children for money.
And the Chief Chimpanzee turned to the Oldest Orangoutang and said, "Cousin, surely these Men be strange creatures! Who would wish to live in such a land? My gracious, how paltry!"
Then Chee–Chee said,
"When we were coming to you we had no boat to cross the sea in and no money to buy food to eat on our journey. So a man lent us some biscuits; and we said we would pay him when we came back. And we borrowed a boat from a sailor; but it was broken on the rocks when we reached the shores of Africa. Now the Doctor says he must go back and get the sailor another boat—because the man was poor and his ship was all he had."
And the monkeys were all silent for a while, sitting quite still upon the ground and thinking hard.
At last the Biggest Baboon got up and said,
"I do not think we ought to let this good man leave our land till we have given him a fine present to take with him, so that he may know we are grateful for all that he has done for us."
And a little, tiny red monkey who was sitting up in a tree shouted down,
"I think that too!"
And then they all cried out, making a great noise, "Yes, yes. Let us give him the finest present a White Man ever had!"
Now they began to wonder and ask one another what would be the best thing to give him. And one said, "Fifty bags of cocoanuts!" And another—"A hundred bunches of bananas!— At least he shall not have to buy his fruit in the Land Where You Pay to Eat!"
But Chee–Chee told them that all these things would be too heavy to carry so far and would go bad before half was eaten.
"If you want to please him," he said, "give him an animal. You may be sure he will be kind to it. Give him some rare animal they have not got in the menageries."
And the monkeys asked him, "What are MENAGERIES?"
Then Chee–Chee explained to them that menageries were places in the Land of the White Men, where animals were put in cages for people to come and look at. And the monkeys were very shocked and said to one another,
"These Men are like thoughtless young ones—stupid and easily amused. Sh! It is a prison he means."
So then they asked Chee–Chee what rare animal it could be that they should give the Doctor—one the White Men had not seen before. And the Major of the Marmosettes asked,
"Have they an iguana over there?"
But Chee–Chee said, "Yes, there is one in the London Zoo."
And another asked, "Have they an okapi?"
But Chee–Chee said, "Yes. In Belgium, where my organ–grinder took me five years ago, they had an okapi in a big city they call Antwerp."
And another asked, "Have they a pushmi–pullyu?"
Then Chee–Chee said, "No. No White Man has ever seen a pushmi–pullyu. Let us give him that."


Trailer of Movie on Surgical Strike That Shook Mughal Emperor Shakes Twitter
New Delhi (Sputnik): T-Series released the trailer of Tanhaji The Unsung Hero on YouTube on Tuesday morning and it has already garnered more than 400,000 views.
Twitter has been hit by a storm called #TanhajiTrailer with more than 50,000 tweets praising new the period drama. The movie is a Gulshan Kumar, T-Series and Ajay Devgn FFilms production directed by Om Raut focusing on the character of Tanaji Malusare, a military leader in the Maratha Empire.
The power-packed trailer promises action, impactful visuals, dance numbers, strong characters and background music that will send chills down your spine.
Set in the 17th century, the film is special for Ajay Devgan, who is playing Tanaji, as it is 100th film of his career and also because he is starring opposite his wife Kajol, who plays the role of Tanaji’s wife Savitribai Malusare. Saif Ali Khan’s performance as Uday Bhan – a Rajput working for the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb – already has its own followers.
The film has taken a chapter from the great fight for Kondhana, a hill fortress southwest of the city of Pune where Taanaji took on Uday Bhan so as to erect the saffron flag in the fortress, a symbol of Marathas.
Netizens can’t stop applauding the trailer of the movie, which is set for release on 4 February.
Saif and Ajay last collaborated in National Award-winning Omkara 12 years ago.. Ajay and Kajol are also coming together nine years after their last film, Toonpur Ka Super Hero.


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VISION: I grew up around technology my whole life, however it wasnt until my freshman year when i took my first programming class that i discovered i had "the knack". I am a tinkerer and love solving complex problems both physical and theoretical. I have a strong attention to detail and can laser focus in on a project until completion which gives me a great advantage over my peers. I know various programming languages and have experience in software development in many forms.


Elide Attributes
Configuration
The 'Elide Attributes' filter is enabled by specifying:
- Apache:
ModPagespeedEnableFilters elide_attributes
- Nginx:
pagespeed EnableFilters elide_attributes;
in the configuration file.
Description
The 'Elide Attributes' filter reduces the transfer size of HTML files by removing attributes from tags when the specified value is equal to the default value for that attribute. This can save a modest number of bytes, and may make the document more compressible by canonicalizing the affected tags.
Operation
There are two cases where an attribute value can be removed. First, some attributes are "single-valued" or "boolean", in that the value specified for the attribute is irrelevant -- all that matters is whether the attribute is present or not. In such cases, the filter will remove the value from the tag, leaving only the attribute name.
For example, the following tag:
<button name="ok" disabled="disabled">
can be rewritten to:
<button name="ok" disabled>
The second case is an optional attribute with a default value. If an HTML attribute includes an explicit value for an attribute (perhaps to aid readability) that is equal to the default attribute, the filter will remove the attribute name and value, knowing that the browser will infer the intended attribute anyway. For example, the following tag:
<form method=get>
can be rewritten to:
<form>
Example
You can see the filter in action at www.modpagespeed.com
on this
example.
Requirements
The 'Elide Attributes' filter must be wary of documents with an XHTML doctype, as removing the value from a single-valued attribute will result in invalid XHTML. The filter attempts to recognize XHTML doctype declarations and will disable this rewriting feature in such cases.
Risks
This filter is considered medium risk. It is safe for most pages, but might break CSS formatting on certain pages that match on default attributes that this filter removes. Further, JavaScript can be written that inspects the DOM looking for the presence of certain attributes. Such JavaScript may behave differently on a page which has removed otherwise unnecessary attributes.


Project: Well & Treatment Facilty
Type of Project: Arsenic Removal
Location: Armona, CA.
Contractor: Specialty Construction
Engineer: Provost & Prichard
The community of Armona recently completed the development of a new well & water treatment facility in order to comply with the California total Arsenic MCL state law which states less than 10 parts per billion of Arsenic shall be found in water. The primary function of this treatment facility is to remove Arsenic from the water, but it is also removing Iron and Aluminum as well as addressing the discoloration of the water provided to the community.
The new well is the 3rd one for the community and is designed to be capable of producing 1,200 gallons per minute of treated potable water, which is about 25% more than what is needed for the community. After a 30 day period the facility will be brought fully on-line and well 2 will be taken off line (but not permanently). In the future, water from well 2 can be pumped to the well 3 site for treatment if needed.
All the underground piping system for the well was provided by R&B Company. We also provided all the piping, fittings and expansion joints going to and from the well, booster pumps and filtration system. R&B also provided a 10” Flow Control Valve on the filtration system.
Download the PDF here.


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If at any point you forget your ID, please ask a student volunteer for help.
An approximated schedule will be generated for you as you sign up with teachers.


[CHAPTER 339K]
NORTHWEST INTERSTATE COMPACT ON LOW-LEVEL
RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT
Section
339K-1 Enactment of compact
339K-2 Compact administrator
339K-3 Supplementary agreements
339K-4 Payment of state obligations


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Account Opening
Ibukun Daramola opened account
Loan Repayment
John Okafor returned ₦125,000
Loan Collection
Nnena Odion received ₦500,000 via mobile app
Loan Collection
Fisayomi Ado received ₦410,000 via branch
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Editor buttons do not require any infrastructure. They just return data to a canvas endpoint in a GET string. See documentation.
For return_type=oembed, we send html as part of the
Dependent files
- /canvas/oembed/index.php
- This formats the json based on the html it grabs from $_GET['html'] which I am sending to Canvas as part of the url parameter. This is not exactly what LTI expects. In general, they are expecting the oembed endpoint to point to a location that is storing the json, but I did not want to complicate my life with another data storage system. It is a good idea to keep the amount of data in the html relatively short. I am doing that by returning a shell to Canvas, with the expectation that users will create the bulk of their content after returning to Canvas.
- /canvas/editorBtns/editor_files
- neither of these files is necessary for the buttons to work. They serve only to provide a preview in the case of the glossary. I should probably remove that option. It is unnecessary, and quite possibly an imperfect match to what will be shown back in Canvas. Still, it's a pretty slick feature.


Starting with version 1.3 some redback services are available trough rest request.
Starting with version 2.5 we added some filters to prevent CSRF attacks.
We use JAXRS annotations and authz/karma are verified through cxf interceptors.
Starting with version 2.5 there has been added an interceptor that tries to check for CSRF attacks. CSRF can be initiated by malicious sites that let your browser execute HTTP requests or JavaScript-Code aimed to your redback site. Without CSRF prevention only the login cookie is checked for proper authorization and which is sent automatically from your browser after login. The redback REST services are not checking if the request is from the same origin as the login request.
For more information see the OWASP info .
Redback uses two mechanisms for checking cross site requests: Header validation and a validation token.
The behaviour of the filter can be configured, see REST configuration .
The header validation uses a base URL where the incoming requests are checked against. Per default the base URL is determined dynamically, but can be configured.
Each client request is checked for the HTTP headers Origin and Referer header. If the Origin header is existent and the base URL does not match the header value the request will be denied. After that the Referer header is checked and matched against the base URL. If the header is existent and does not the base URL the request is denied. If neither Origin nor Referer header are presented, the request is denied (can be configured).
If the header validation was successful, the request is checked for the X-XSRF-TOKEN header. This header must contain a token that is returned from the login REST service together with the user information (validationToken element of the user element returned from the Login service). The token is encrypted with a key that is generated dynamically during startup of the redback service. That means that after restart of the redback services all tokens generated before will be invalid. Validation tokens have a lifetime of 3 hours. After that you have to login again.
You must add the following maven dependency
<dependency> <groupId>org.codehaus.redback</groupId> <artifactId>redback-rest-services</artifactId> <version>2.2-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency>
The spring file is in the redback-rest-services module. You must add META-INF/spring-context.xml in your spring configuration.
And add cxf servlet in your web.xml :
<servlet> <servlet-name>CXFServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.apache.cxf.transport.servlet.CXFServlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>CXFServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/services/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
Rest services are declared as it in the cxf configuration :
<jaxrs:server id="redbackServices" address="/redbackServices"> <jaxrs:providers> <ref bean="authenticationInterceptor#rest"/> <ref bean="permissionInterceptor#rest"/> </jaxrs:providers> <jaxrs:serviceBeans> <ref bean="userService#rest"/> ... more coming ... </jaxrs:serviceBeans> </jaxrs:server>
This interceptor is basic on HTTP BASIC authz with using HttpBasicAuthentication spring component.
This inceptor will use a new created annotation named @RedbackAuthorization which supports attributes : permissions, resource and noRestriction.
You can use it :
@RedbackAuthorization( permissions = "user-management-user-create" ) public Boolean deleteUser( @PathParam( "userName" ) String username )
The interceptor will basically check if the user has one of the required permissions.
Note all exposed services must be marked with this annotation. If not forbidden http response will be returned.
If the service doesn't need special permissions you must do :
@RedbackAuthorization(noRestriction = true) public Boolean ping()
This is the interceptor used for CSRF prevention. See info above.
Dependencies to add in order to use those REST Services
<dependency> <groupId>org.codehaus.redback</groupId> <artifactId>redback-rest-api</artifactId> <version>2.2-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> if you use CXF: <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.cxf</groupId> <artifactId>cxf-bundle-jaxrs</artifactId> <version>2.6.4</version> <exclusions> <exclusion> <groupId>org.eclipse.jetty</groupId> <artifactId>jetty-server</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency>
Sample on how to use
Error during retrieving content skip as ignoreDownloadError activated.
Error during retrieving content skip as ignoreDownloadError activated.


--- layout: post title: "The Business of Ed-Tech: July 2018 Funding Data" date: 2018-07-31 13:45:00 +0000 tags: image: https://s3.amazonaws.com/hackedu/2017-03-01-money.jpg imagecredits: https://www.flickr.com/photos/chrisdlugosz/3403776466 ---
Here is the latest data on “the business of education” for 2018:
As you can see by the list below of the companies that have raised the most money, “tutoring” remains one of the most popular pits for venture capitalists to throw their money into. Tutoring often works to expand existing education inequalities, so that’s always fund to consider the ways in which ed-tech and venture capital continue to make the world worse.
Coding bootcamps were again a popular investment this month – part of a larger narrative that key education VCs are pushing about a more efficient, more skills-oriented higher ed marketplace. (Of course, coding bootcamps and other “alternatives” litter this year’s ed-tech deadpool too. Good times.)
The companies that have raised the most money in 2018:
As part of this project, you can review information from the last few years who’s received funding, who’s been acquired, who’s IPO’d, which startups have closed, and who’s investing in the stories that Edsurge tells you about the shape of the education technology industry.
I have created separate GitHub repositories for all areas of funding that I monitor:
These sites include human- and machine-readable versions of this funding data. For more ed-tech data sets, visit Hack Education Data on GitHub.
If you see an error or omission, please file a GitHub issue. You’re welcome to fork or download the repositories too, of course.


| Test Suite |
| 10 User can open right bar and chose entity type for filtering |
| 11a User can write new note on own wall |
| 11b User cannot post note without subject on wall |
| 12 User sees ongoing task as uncompleted |
| 13 User can see ccList on adding message |
| 14 User can log out |
| 15 Use can scrolldown to get more items |
| 16a User cannot see Connect to me button if not on entity page |
| 16b User can see Connect to me button if on entity page |


Episode 037
Better use of types
Avoiding nulls with an Optional type
ASP.NET Core: From 0 to overkill
In this episode
- Expressing the absence of value with an
Optional
type
- Simple implementation
- Exposing it in the APIs
- Imperative usage
- Functional usage
- C# 8 nullable reference types
The usual plugs...
- If these videos are being useful
- Like
- Share
- Leave feedback
- More stuff at:


Placido Domingo Says U.S. Accusations Have Been ‘Nightmare’
by The Associated PressMADRID (AP) — Placido Domingo says accusations against him of sexual harassment in the United States have been “a nightmare.”
Domingo said that he feels strong despite the difficulties and intends to continue performing at least until the end of his planned engagements running through 2021.
Spanish online newspaper El Confidencial published Friday the 80-year-old Spanish opera legend’s first interview since The Associated Press earlier this year reported allegations of sexual harassment made by multiple women against him.
Domingo denied the allegations. He says Spaniards are naturally “warm, affectionate and loving,” adding that he has always been “gallant” but “gallant gestures are viewed differently nowadays.”
He says the accusations are given “automatic” credibility and he feels “prematurely judged, sentenced and convicted.”
He says he has not been formally accused of any crime.


Ontologies Parsers¶
icdParser.py¶
-
graphdb_builder.ontologies.parsers.icdParser.
parser
(ICDfile)[source]¶ Parses and extracts relevant data from ICD-10 files (Classification of Diseases).
- Parameters
ICDfile – list of files downloaded from the ontology database and used to generate nodes and relationships to the graph database.
- Returns
Three nested dictionaries: terms, relationships between terms, and definitions of the terms.
terms: Dictionary where each key is an ontology identifier (str) and the values are lists of names and synonyms (list[str]).
relationships: Dictionary of tuples (str). Each tuple contains two ontology identifiers (source and target) and the relationship type between them.
definitions: Dictionary with ontology identifiers as keys (str), and definition of the terms as values (str).
oboParser.py¶
-
graphdb_builder.ontologies.parsers.oboParser.
parser
(ontology, files)[source]¶ Multiple ontology database parser. This function parses and extracts relevant data from: Disease Ontology, Tissues, Human Phenotype Ontology, HUPO-PSI and Gene Ontology databases.
- Parameters
- Returns
Three nested dictionaries: terms, relationships between terms, and definitions of the terms.
terms: Dictionary where each key is an ontology identifier (str) and the values are lists of names and synonyms (list[str]).
relationships: Dictionary of tuples (str). Each tuple contains two ontology identifiers (source and target) and the relationship type between them.
definitions: Dictionary with ontology identifiers as keys (str), and definition of the terms as values (str).
reflectParser.py¶
-
graphdb_builder.ontologies.parsers.reflectParser.
parser
(files, filters, qtype=None)[source]¶ Parses and extracts relevant data from REFLECT ontologies: Disease Ontology, Tissues, STITCH and Gene Ontology databases.
- Parameters
- Returns
Three nested dictionaries: terms, relationships between terms, and definitions of the terms.
terms: Dictionary where each key is an ontology dentifier (str) and the values are lists of names and synonyms (list[str]).
relationships: Dictionary of tuples (str). Each tuple contains two ontology identifiers (source and target) and the relationship type between them.
definitions: Dictionary with ontology dentifiers as keys (str), and definition of the terms as values (str).
snomedParser.py¶
-
graphdb_builder.ontologies.parsers.snomedParser.
parser
(files, filters)[source]¶ Parses and extracts relevant data from SNOMED CT database files.
- Parameters
- Returns
Three nested dictionaries: terms, relationships between terms, and definitions of the terms.
terms: Dictionary where each key is a SNOMED CT Identifier (str) and the values are lists of names and synonyms (list[str]).
relationships: Dictionary of tuples (str). Each tuple contains two SNOMED CT Identifiers (source and target) and the relationship type between them.
definitions: Dictionary with SNOMED CT Identifiers as keys (str), and definition of the terms as values (str).


SYSLINUX2ANSI(1) SYSLINUX2ANSI(1) NAME syslinux2ansi - converts a syslinux-format screen to pc-ansi SYNOPSIS syslinux2ansi < filename.input > filename.output DESCRIPTION Syslinux2ansi is a filter which converts a screen formatted for syslinux to one compatible with PC ANSI. It will only read from standard in, and has no command line options. BUGS Help and version command line options would be useful. The ability to put input and output filenames on the command line might be good as well. Bug reports I would appreciate hearing of any problems you have with SYSLINUX. I would also like to hear from you if you have successfully used SYSLINUX, especially if you are using it for a distribution. If you are reporting problems, please include all possible information about your system and your BIOS; the vast majority of all problems reported turn out to be BIOD or hardware bugs, and I need as much infor‐ mation as possible in order to diagnose the problems. There is a mailing list for discussion among SYSLINUX users and for announcements of new and test versions. To join, send a message to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>with the line: subscribe syslinux in the body of the message. The submission address is sys‐<EMAIL_ADDRESS>SEE ALSO syslinux(1), perl(1) AUTHOR This manual page is a quick write-up for Debian done by Kevin Kreamer<EMAIL_ADDRESS>by looking over the 1 screenful of Perl that is syslinux2ansi. SYSLINUX2ANSI(1)


The trip lasted quite a while, but I will make a long story short. After tripping for about 3 hours down by rocks at the base of a beautiful waterfall about 30 ft. high, we decided to go to the top of it. We eventually climbed to the top of the rocks, and my friends and I all found our most confortable spots. I lay flat on a rock, with my head propped up by my sweatshirt and a small niche that I thought was 'meant for me.' In front of me and to the right lay 2 large boulders, on with a flat face that was facing me, and the other was a more traditional spherical boulder. To my left was the waterfall, and the 30 foot drop that scared me at times. My friend cracked the N2O into the balloon, as I am inexperienced in doing this (and too drug induced to learn after 8 bong loads).
He handed it to me and I took deep breaths and put it to my mouth, but not before pushing play on my cd player at full blast. I had the song Fluff by Black Sabbath. Anyone who has heard this song may be able to guess what was in store for me later. I inhaled and exhaled, over and over, going slowly and increasing the pace of my breath. I inhaled about 7 times before I could not hold the baloon anymore. I dropped it and I saw it fly out of my vision. My friends were standing in front of me having a conversation, and this is where the most frightening / best trip of my life occured.
I could now only hear my song, and let me tell you, it was the most beautiful thing I have, to this day, ever heard. The echo and chorus on it sounded like it was digitally pumped up 200%. I was suddenly concious of my slowing breathing until it stopped. I have never passed out before from a drug, and I believe this is what I did. The colors I saw after the black faded were incrediable. Blues, reds, oranges, purples and whites (purple and red dominated the vision) spun around in a wonderful ballet, and in my mind I thought these exact words 'oh my god, my heart stopped (I have a heart condition) and Im dead. Oh my god...Im dead.'
These thoughts of fear disappeared into bliss. A feeling I could not describe befell me, as if I had just found the state I was in before I was born. I sat there, listening to my song, waiting to be reborn in a different form. I seriously felt like my spirit left me and went to the realm where you wait to be reborn, which would proove Buddha right. The trip lasted for quite awhile, I lay there listening to the heavenly music pass though my spirit, and watching the colors spin around and around. Suddenly, the echo faded away, and I believe I returned to conciousness. What is amazing is this is exactly when the song ended. A feeling of relief that I had not died fell on me, and my eyes opened showing my friends. I layed there on the rock and contemplated what had just happened as the next track of the cd came on. I looked around me. I was drooling, the balloon was all wet and so was a spot on the rock behind me.
I dont believe I will ever do this again. I believe that that one seperation from complete reality, and the touch with death was enough for me, and it would be pointless to relive it.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Thermosecurity Project - The situation
THE SITUATION
The challenge was to create a website in 24 hours that was fully functional and that presented the products of "Thermosecurity" a fictitious company that sells devices to control different features of a house (temperature, alarm, security cameras).
Thermosecurity Project - The solution
THE SOLUTION
We worked in teams. My role was to design and build the front-end part of the website considering our target (30+ years old adults). The result was a fully responsive website with a clean design that presented the main features of the app. We did extensive research on the different already-existing companies that sell similar products to make sure that the website made sense from the UX/UI perspective.


new Skill(config)
Class to implement skill.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
config |
Object | Object which contains skill specific configurations. |
Properties:
| Name | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
required_parameter |
Skill#skill_parameter_container | Object to list required parameters for the skill. | |
optional_parameter |
Skill#skill_parameter_container | Object to list optional parameters for the skill. | |
clear_context_on_finish |
boolean | false | Flag to flush context information on skill finishes. Set true to flush. |
- Source:
Methods
(async) begin(bot, event, context)
Function which is triggerd at first.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
bot |
Bot | Toolkit which can be used to access Messenger API, queuing messeage, collecting arbitrary parameter and son on. |
event |
Object | Event object which triggers this flow. |
context |
context | Context information. |
- Source:
(async) finish(bot, event, context)
Function which is triggerd when all the required parameters are collected.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
bot |
Bot | Toolkit which can be used to access Messenger API, queuing messeage, collecting arbitrary parameter and son on. |
event |
Object | Event object which triggers this flow. |
context |
context | Context information. |
- Source:
Type Definitions
(async) condition(bot, event, context) → {Boolean}
Function to check if the parameter should be collected.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
bot |
Bot | Toolkit which can be used to access Messenger API, queuing messeage, collecting arbitrary parameter and son on. |
event |
Object | Event object which triggers this flow. |
context |
context | Context information. |
- Source:
Returns:
- True to collect the parameter. False to skip.
- Type
- Boolean
(async) message(bot, event, context) → {Object}
Function to generate message to confirm the value of teh parameter.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
bot |
Bot | Toolkit which can be used to access Messenger API, queuing messeage, collecting arbitrary parameter and son on. |
event |
Object | Event object which triggers this flow. |
context |
context | Context information. |
- Source:
Returns:
You have to return message object.
- Type
- Object
(async) parser_function(value, bot, event, context)
Function which is applied to the message from user to validate the value. If validation succeeds, return any type of value you like to set as confirmed parameter. If validation fails, throw error without changing error name.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
value |
* | Data to parse. In case of text message, its text will be set in string. In case of postback event, data payload will be set in string. In other cases, message object will be set as it is. |
bot |
Bot | Toolkit which can be used to access Messenger API, queuing messeage, collecting arbitrary parameter and son on. |
event |
Object | Event object which triggers this flow. |
context |
context | Context information. |
- Source:
parser_object
The object of built-in parser configuratin.
Type:
- Object
Properties:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
type |
String | Type of built-in parser. Supported value is dialogflow, email, list, number and string. |
policy |
Object | Policy configuration depending on the each parser implementation. |
- Source:
(async) reaction(error, value, bot, event, context)
Function which is triggered when parser finshed parsing. You can implement custom behavior on collecting parameter including async action.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
error |
Boolean | Flag which indicates if parser accepted the value. When accepted, true is set. |
value |
* | Parsed value. |
bot |
Bot | Toolkit which can be used to access Messenger API, queuing messeage, collecting arbitrary parameter and son on. |
event |
Object | Event object which triggers this flow. |
context |
context | Context information. |
- Source:
skill_parameter
Object which defines how this parameter should be collected, parsed, and reacted.
Type:
- Object
Properties:
| Name | Type | Attributes | Default | Description | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
message |
Object | Skill#message |
<optional> |
Message Object to ask for users the value of this parameter. As for message format, you can use either LINE or Facebook Messenger. In addition, you can also set function to generate message dynamically. | |||||||||||
list |
Boolean | Object |
<optional> |
false | Flag to make this parameter list. Set true to make the parameter list in newest first order. You can also specify object to control behavior of list.
Properties
|
||||||||||
condition |
Skill#condition |
<optional> |
Function to check if this parameter should be collected. Return true to collect and false to skip. | |||||||||||
parser |
Skill#parser_function | String | Skill#parser_object |
<optional> |
Function to parse the message from user. Function, string and object can be provided. In case of function, it is used as it is. In case of string, you can specify the type of built-in parser. In case of object, you can specify parser_object. | |||||||||||
reaction |
Skill#reaction |
<optional> |
Function to react to the message from user. Reaction runs right after paser returns. | |||||||||||
sub_skill |
Array.<String> |
<optional> |
List of sub skills. If user intends these skills in the middle of the conversation, we switch context to new intent and get back once finished. | |||||||||||
sub_parameter |
Skill#skill_parameter_container |
<optional> |
You can set nested parameter container. When all the parameters defined under sub_parameter are set, aggregated object will be set to parent parameter. |
- Source:
skill_parameter_container
Object which contains one skill parameter.
Type:
- Object
Properties:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
* |
Skill#skill_parameter | Skill parameter object. |
- Source:


const val EXTRA_PERSON: String
Intent extra key for passing/receiving a Person to/from this activity.
This must be specified, and the Person must not be null, since this activity deals with editing existing Person objects.


|
JavaTM 2 Platform Standard Ed. 5.0 |
|||||||||
| PREV NEXT | FRAMES NO FRAMES |
| Packages that use Streamable | |
|---|---|
| org.omg.CORBA | Provides the mapping of the OMG CORBA APIs to the JavaTM programming language, including the class ORB, which is implemented so that a programmer can use it as a fully-functional Object Request Broker (ORB). |
| org.omg.CORBA.portable | Provides a portability layer, that is, a set of ORB APIs that makes it possible for code generated by one vendor to run on another vendor's ORB. |
| org.omg.CosNaming | Provides a naming service for Java IDL. |
| org.omg.CosNaming.NamingContextExtPackage | This package contains the following classes, which are used in org.omg.CosNaming.NamingContextExt: |
| org.omg.CosNaming.NamingContextPackage | This package contains Exception classes for the org.omg.CosNaming package. |
| org.omg.IOP | This package contains the IOP module specified in the OMG document The Common Object Request Broker: Architecture and Specification, http://cgi.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?formal/99-10-07, section 13.6. |
| org.omg.PortableInterceptor | Provides a mechanism to register ORB hooks through which ORB services can intercept the normal flow of execution of the ORB. |
| org.omg.PortableServer.ServantLocatorPackage | Provides classes and interfaces for locating the servant. |
| Uses of Streamable in org.omg.CORBA |
|---|
| Classes in org.omg.CORBA that implement Streamable | |
|---|---|
class |
AnyHolder
The Holder for Any. |
class |
AnySeqHolder
The Holder for AnySeq. |
class |
BooleanHolder
The Holder for Boolean. |
class |
BooleanSeqHolder
The Holder for BooleanSeq. |
class |
ByteHolder
The Holder for Byte. |
class |
CharHolder
The Holder for Char. |
class |
CharSeqHolder
The Holder for CharSeq. |
class |
CurrentHolder
The Holder for Current. |
class |
DoubleHolder
The Holder for Double. |
class |
DoubleSeqHolder
The Holder for DoubleSeq. |
class |
FixedHolder
The Holder for Fixed. |
class |
FloatHolder
The Holder for Float. |
class |
FloatSeqHolder
The Holder for FloatSeq. |
class |
IntHolder
The Holder for Int. |
class |
LongHolder
The Holder for Long. |
class |
LongLongSeqHolder
The Holder for LongLongSeq. |
class |
LongSeqHolder
The Holder for LongSeq. |
class |
ObjectHolder
The Holder for Object. |
class |
OctetSeqHolder
The Holder for OctetSeq. |
class |
ParameterModeHolder
Enumeration of parameter modes for Parameter. |
class |
PolicyErrorHolder
Thrown to indicate problems with parameter values passed to the ORB.create_policy operation. |
class |
PolicyHolder
The Holder for Policy. |
class |
PolicyListHolder
The Holder for PolicyList. |
class |
PrincipalHolder
Deprecated. Deprecated by CORBA 2.2. |
class |
ServiceInformationHolder
The Holder for ServiceInformation. |
class |
ShortHolder
The Holder for Short. |
class |
ShortSeqHolder
The Holder for ShortSeq. |
class |
StringHolder
The Holder for String. |
class |
StringSeqHolder
An array of Strings |
class |
TypeCodeHolder
The Holder for TypeCode. |
class |
ULongLongSeqHolder
The Holder for ULongLongSeq. |
class |
ULongSeqHolder
The Holder for ULongSeq. |
class |
UnknownUserExceptionHolder
The Holder for UnknownUserException. |
class |
UShortSeqHolder
The Holder for UShortSeq. |
class |
ValueBaseHolder
The Holder for ValueBase. |
class |
WCharSeqHolder
The Holder for WCharSeq. |
class |
WrongTransactionHolder
The Holder for WrongTransaction. |
class |
WStringSeqHolder
An array of WStrings |
| Methods in org.omg.CORBA that return Streamable | |
|---|---|
Streamable |
Any.extract_Streamable()
Extracts a Streamable from this Any object's
value field. |
| Methods in org.omg.CORBA with parameters of type Streamable | |
|---|---|
void |
Any.insert_Streamable(Streamable s)
Inserts the given Streamable object
into this Any object's value field. |
| Uses of Streamable in org.omg.CORBA.portable |
|---|
| Subinterfaces of Streamable in org.omg.CORBA.portable | |
|---|---|
interface |
StreamableValue
Defines the base type for all non-boxed IDL valuetypes that are not custom marshaled. |
| Uses of Streamable in org.omg.CosNaming |
|---|
| Classes in org.omg.CosNaming that implement Streamable | |
|---|---|
class |
BindingHolder
org/omg/CosNaming/BindingHolder.java . |
class |
BindingIteratorHolder
The BindingIterator interface allows a client to iterate through the bindings using the next_one or next_n operations. |
class |
BindingListHolder
List of Bindings. |
class |
BindingTypeHolder
Specifies whether the given binding is for a object (that is not a naming context) or for a naming context. |
class |
NameComponentHolder
org/omg/CosNaming/NameComponentHolder.java . |
class |
NameHolder
A name is a sequence of name components. |
class |
NamingContextExtHolder
NamingContextExt is the extension of NamingContext
which
contains a set of name bindings in which each name is unique and is
part of Interoperable Naming Service. |
class |
NamingContextHolder
A naming context is an object that contains a set of name bindings in which each name is unique. |
| Uses of Streamable in org.omg.CosNaming.NamingContextExtPackage |
|---|
| Classes in org.omg.CosNaming.NamingContextExtPackage that implement Streamable | |
|---|---|
class |
InvalidAddressHolder
org/omg/CosNaming/NamingContextExtPackage/InvalidAddressHolder.java . |
| Uses of Streamable in org.omg.CosNaming.NamingContextPackage |
|---|
| Classes in org.omg.CosNaming.NamingContextPackage that implement Streamable | |
|---|---|
class |
AlreadyBoundHolder
org/omg/CosNaming/NamingContextPackage/AlreadyBoundHolder.java . |
class |
CannotProceedHolder
org/omg/CosNaming/NamingContextPackage/CannotProceedHolder.java . |
class |
InvalidNameHolder
org/omg/CosNaming/NamingContextPackage/InvalidNameHolder.java . |
class |
NotEmptyHolder
org/omg/CosNaming/NamingContextPackage/NotEmptyHolder.java . |
class |
NotFoundHolder
org/omg/CosNaming/NamingContextPackage/NotFoundHolder.java . |
class |
NotFoundReasonHolder
Indicates the reason for not able to resolve. |
| Uses of Streamable in org.omg.IOP |
|---|
| Classes in org.omg.IOP that implement Streamable | |
|---|---|
class |
IORHolder
org/omg/IOP/IORHolder.java . |
class |
MultipleComponentProfileHolder
An array of tagged components, forming a multiple component profile. |
class |
ServiceContextHolder
org/omg/IOP/ServiceContextHolder.java . |
class |
ServiceContextListHolder
An array of service contexts, forming a service context list. |
class |
TaggedComponentHolder
org/omg/IOP/TaggedComponentHolder.java . |
class |
TaggedProfileHolder
org/omg/IOP/TaggedProfileHolder.java . |
| Uses of Streamable in org.omg.PortableInterceptor |
|---|
| Classes in org.omg.PortableInterceptor that implement Streamable | |
|---|---|
class |
IORInterceptor_3_0Holder
org/omg/PortableInterceptor/IORInterceptor_3_0Holder.java . |
class |
ObjectReferenceFactoryHolder
The object reference factory. |
class |
ObjectReferenceTemplateHolder
The object reference template. |
class |
ObjectReferenceTemplateSeqHolder
Sequence of object reference templates is used for reporting state changes that do not occur on the adapter manager. |
| Uses of Streamable in org.omg.PortableServer.ServantLocatorPackage |
|---|
| Classes in org.omg.PortableServer.ServantLocatorPackage that implement Streamable | |
|---|---|
class |
CookieHolder
The native type PortableServer::ServantLocator::Cookie is mapped to java.lang.Object. |
|
JavaTM 2 Platform Standard Ed. 5.0 |
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Copyright © 2004, 2010 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Use is subject to license terms. Also see the documentation redistribution policy.


Causality: The relationship between cause and effect [OED].
Supporting a Distributed System can be hard. When the system has many moving parts it is often difficult to piece together exactly what happened, at what time, and within which component or service. Despite advances in programming languages and runtime libraries the humble text format log file is still a mainstream technique for recording significant events within a system whilst it operates. However, logging libraries generally only concern themselves with ensuring that you can piece together the events from a single process; the moment you start to invoke remote services and pass messages around the context is often lost, or has to be manually reconstructed. If the recipient of a remote call is a busy multi-threaded service then you also have to start picking the context of interest out of all the other contexts before you can even start to analyse the remote flow.
This article will show one mechanism for overcoming this problem by borrowing a hidden feature of DCOM and then exposing it using an old design pattern from Neil Harrison.
The humble text log file is still the preferred format for capturing diagnostic information. Although some attempts have been made to try and use richer encodings such as XML, a simple one line per event/fixed width fields format is still favoured by many [Nygard].
For a single-process/single-threaded application you can get away with just a timestamp, perhaps a severity level and the message content, e.g.
2013-01-01
Once the number of processes starts to rack up, along with the number of threads you need to start including a Process ID (PID) and Thread ID (TID) too, either in the log file name, within the log entries themselves, or maybe even in both, e.g.
2013-01-01
Even if you are mixing single-threaded engine processes with multi-threaded services it is still desirable to maintain a consistent log file format to make searching and parsing easier. For the sake of this article though, which is bound by the constraints of print based publishing, I’m going to drop some of the fields to make the log output shorter. The date, PID and severity are all tangential to most of what I’m going to show and so will be dropped leaving just the time, TID and message, e.g.
17:23:46
002 Starting something rather important
Assuming you can locate the correct log file to start with, you then need to be able to home-in on the temporal set of events that you’re interested in. One common technique for dealing with this has been to manually annotate log lines with the salient attributes of the task inputs, e.g.
17:23:45
002 Handling request from <IP_ADDRESS> for
oldwoodc
17:23:46
002 Doing other stuff now
17:23:47
002 Now doing even more stuff
. . .
17:23:59
002 Finished handling request from <IP_ADDRESS>
If your process is single-threaded you can probably get away with putting the key context details on just the first and last lines, and then just assume that everything in between belongs to the same context. Alternatively you can try and “remember” to include the salient attributes in every log message you write.
17:23:45
002 Handling request from <IP_ADDRESS>
17:23:46
002 Doing other stuff now (<IP_ADDRESS>)
17:23:47
002 [<IP_ADDRESS>] Now doing even more
stuff
. . .
17:23:59
002 Finished handling from <IP_ADDRESS>
Either way there is too much manual jiggery-pokery going on and as you can see from the last example you have to rely on all developers using a consistent style if you want a fighting chance of filtering the context successfully later.
The first problem we want to solve is how to “tag” the current context (i.e. a single thread/call stack in the first instance) so that whenever we go to render a log message we can automatically annotate the message with the key details (so we can then grep for them later). More importantly, we’d like to do this in such a way that any code that is not already aware of our higher-level business goals remains blissfully unaware of them too.
In Pattern Languages of Program Design Vol.
3, Neil Harrison presents a number of logging related design patterns [
A distributed system would therefore have many diagnostic contexts which are related somehow. The connection between these could be viewed as a parent/child relationship (or perhaps global/local). There is no reason why a context couldn’t store different “categories” of tags (such as problem domain and technical domain), in which case the term namespace might be more appropriate. However this article is not so much concerned with the various scopes or namespaces that you might create to partition your contexts but more about how you go about relating them. As you will see later it is a specific subset of the tags that interests us most.
Although you could conceivably maintain one context per task that acquires more and more tags as you traverse each service layer, you would in effect be creating a Big Ball of Mud. However, the more tags you create the more you’ll have to marshal and ultimately the more you’ll have to write to your log file and then read again when searching. Although the I/O costs should be borne in mind, the readability of your logs is paramount if you’re to use them effectively when the time comes. And so multiple smaller contexts are preferred, with thread and service boundaries providing natural limits.
The implementation for a Diagnostic Context can be as simple as a map (in C++) or a Dictionary (in C#) which stores a set of string key/value pairs (a tag) that relates to the current operation. The container will almost certainly utilise thread-local storage to allow multiple contexts to exist simultaneously for the multiple threads within the same process.
It should be noted that some 3rd party logging frameworks already have support for diagnostic contexts built-in. However, they may not be usable in the way this article suggests and so you may still need an implementation like the simple one shown below.
At the entry point to our “transaction” processing code we can push the relevant tags into the container for use later. By leveraging the RAII idiom in C++ or the Dispose pattern in C# we can make the attaching and detaching of tags automatic, even in the face of exceptions. For example in C# we could write:-
public void
ProcessRequest(Request request)
{
using(new DiagnosticContextTag(“ID”, request.Id))
using(new DiagnosticContextTag(“HOST”, request.Host))
{
// Do some funky stuff with the request.
. . .
}
}
Behind the scenes the constructor adds the tag to the underlying container and removes it again in the destructor/Dispose method. The need for the code to be exception safe is important as we don’t want the tags of one context to “leak” by accident and infect the parent context because it would cause unnecessary pollution later when we are searching.
As
When the time finally comes to render a log message we can extract the set of tags that relate to this thread context, format them up nicely and append them to the caller’s message behind the scenes, e.g.
public void WriteLogMessage(string
message)
{
string timestamp = FormatTimestamp();
string threadId = FormatThreadId();
string context = Context.Format(); //
“ID=1234”
Console.WriteLine(“{0} {1} {2} [{3}]”,
timestamp, threadId,
message, context);
}
The example above would generate a log line like this:-
17:23:46
002 Doing other stuff now [ID=1234]
The statement Context.Format();
hopefully shows that I’ve chosen here to implement the diagnostic context
as a static Façade. This is the same façade that the constructor and destructor
of DiagnosticContextTag
would have used earlier to attach and detach the attributes. In C# the
diagnostic context could be implemented like this:-
public
static class Context
{
internal static void Attach(string key,
string value)
{
s_tags.Add(key, value);
}
internal static void Detach(string key)
{
s_tags.Remove(key);
}
public static string Format()
{
var builder = new StringBuilder();
foreach(var tag in s_tags)
{
builder.AppendFormat(“{0}={1}”, tag.Key,
tag.Value);
}
return builder.ToString();
}
[ThreadLocal]
private static IDictionary<string,
string> s_tags =
new Dictionary<string, string>();
}
The Attach/Detach methods here have been
marked internal
to show that tags should only be manipulated via the public DiagnosticContextTag
helper class.
public class
DiagnosticContextTag : IDispose
{
public DiagnosticContextTag(string key,
string value)
{
Context.Attach(key, value);
m_key = key;
}
public void Dispose()
{
Context.Detach(m_key);
}
private string m_key;
}
The second aspect of this mechanism comes from DCOM/COM+. Each call-chain in DCOM is assigned a unique ID (a GUID in this case) called the Causality ID [Ewald]. This plays the role of the Logical Thread ID as the function calls move across threads, outside the process to other local processes and possibly even across the wire to remote hosts (i.e. RPC). In DCOM this unique ID is required to stop a call from deadlocking with itself when the logical call-chain suddenly becomes re-entrant. For example Component A might call Component B (across the wire) which locally calls C which then calls all the way back across the wire into A again. From A’s perspective it might seem like a new function call but via the Causality ID it can determine that it’s actually just an extension of the original one.
This Causality ID is allocated by the COM infrastructure and passed around transparently – the programmer is largely unaware of it.
The Causality mechanism is therefore nothing more than a combination of these two ideas. It is about capturing the primary tags used to describe a task, action, operation, etc. and allowing them to be passed around, both within the same process and across the wire to remote services in such a way that it is mostly transparent to the business logic.
As discussed earlier, the reason for distilling the entire context down into one or more simple values is that it reduces the noise as the processing of the task starts to acquire more and more ancillary tags as you move from service to service. The local diagnostic context will be useful in answering questions within a specific component, but the primary causality will allow you to relate the various distributed contexts to one another and navigate between them.
A GUID may be an obvious choice for a unique causality ID (as DCOM does), and failing any alternatives it might just have to do. But they are not very pleasing to the eye when browsing log data. If the request is tracked within a database via an Identity column then that could provide a succinct integral value, but it’s still not easy to eyeball.
A better choice might be to use some textual data from the request itself, perhaps in combination with an ID, such as the name of the customer/user invoking it. The primary causality could be a single compound tag with a separator, e.g. 1234/Oldwood/<IP_ADDRESS> or it could be stored as separate tags, e.g. ID=1234, LOGIN=Oldwood, IP=192.168.1. Ultimately it’s down to grep-ability but the human visual system is good at spotting patterns too and if it’s possible to utilise that as well it’s a bonus.
Putting all this together so far, along
with a static helper, Causality.Attach()
, to try and reduce the client-side noise, we could write the following
single-threaded, multi-step workflow (a top-level request that invokes various
sub-tasks):-
public void
ProcessRequest(Request request)
{
using(Causality.Attach(“RequestId”,
request.Id))
{
foreach(var task in request.Tasks)
{
Log.WriteLogMessage(“Starting
request”);
ProcessTask(task);
Log.WriteLogMessage (“Request completed”);
}
}
}
public void
ProcessTask(Task task)
{
using(Causality.Attach(“TaskId”, task.Id))
{
Log.WriteLogMessage (“Starting task”);
. . .
Log.WriteLogMessage (“Task completed”);
}
}
This could generate the following output:-
17:50:01
001 Starting request [RequestId=1234]
17:50:02
001 Starting task
[RequestId=1234;TaskId=1]
17:50:02
001 Doing user stuff
[RequestId=1234;TaskId=1;User=Chris]
. . .
17:50:03
001 Task completed
[RequestId=1234;TaskId=1]
17:50:02
001 Starting task
[RequestId=1234;TaskId=2]
17:50:02
001 Doing payment stuff
[RequestId=1234;TaskId=2;Type=Card]
. . .
17:50:03
001 Task completed
[RequestId=1234;TaskId=2]
. . .
17:50:01
001 Request completed [RequestId=1234]
The decision on whether to extend the primary causality with the TaskId or just let it remain part of the local context will depend on how easy it is for you to piece together your workflow as it crosses the service boundaries.
We’ve removed much of the tedium associated with logging the context for a single-threaded operation, but that leaves the obvious question - how do you pass that across the wire to another service? We don’t usually have the luxury of owning the infrastructure used to implement our choice of transports but there is nothing to stop us differentiating between the logical interface used to make a request and the wire-level interface used to implement it. The wire-level interface may well already be different if we know of a more efficient way to transport the data (e.g. compression) when serializing. If we do separate these two concerns we can place our plumbing right on the boundary inside the proxy where the client can remain unaware of it, just as they are probably already unaware there is an RPC call in the first place.
The following logical interface describes the client side of an example service to request the details of a “bug” in an imaginary bug tracking system:-
interface IBugTrackerService
{
Bug FetchBug(int id);
}
class
BugTrackerProxy : IBugTrackerService
{
public Bug FetchBug(int id)
{
. . .
}
}
The client would use it like so:-
// somewhere
in main()
var service =
BugTrackerProxyFactory.Create();
. . .
// somewhere
in the client processing
var bug =
service.FetchBug(bugId);
What we need to do when passing the request over the wire is to tag our causality data on the end of the existing parameters. To achieve this we have a separate wire-level interface that “extends” the methods of the logical one:-
interface IRemoteBugTrackerService
{
Bug FetchBug(int id, List<Tag> causality);
}
Then, inside the client proxy we can hoist the primary causality out of the diagnostic context container and pass it across the wire to the service’s remote stub:-
class
BugTrackerProxy : IBugTrackerService
{
public Bug FetchBug(int id)
{
var causality = Causality.GetPrimaryCausality();
return m_remoteService.FetchBug(id, causality);
}
private IRemoteBugTrackerService
m_remoteService;
}
We then need to do the reverse (inject the primary causality into the new call stack) inside the remote stub on the service side:-
class
BugTrackerServiceImpl : IBugTrackerService
{
. . .
}
class RemoteBugTrackerService
: IRemoteBugTrackerService
{
public Bug FetchBug(int id, List<Tag>
causality)
{
using (Causality.SetPrimaryCausality(causality))
{
return m_service.FetchBug(id);
}
}
private BugTrackerServiceImpl m_service;
}
In this example the client proxy (BugTrackerProxy
) and service stub (RemoteBugTrackerService
) classes merely
provide the mechanism for dealing with the non-functional data. Neither the
caller nor the service implementation class (BugTrackerServiceImpl
)
are aware of what’s going on behind their backs.
In fact, as a double check that concerns are correctly separated, we should be able to invoke the real service implementation directly instead of the client proxy and still get the same primary causality appearing in our log output:-
//var
service = BugTrackerClientFactory.Create();
var service =
new BugTrackerServiceImpl();
. . .
var bug =
service.FetchBug(bugId);
Marshalling the primary causality from one thread to another can be done in a similar manner as the remote case. The main difference is that you’ll likely already be using your language and runtime library in some way to hide some of the grunge, e.g. by using a delegate/lambda. You may need to give this up slightly and provide the proverbial “extra level of indirection” by wrapping the underlying infrastructure so that you can retrieve and inject the causality around the invocation of the business logic. Your calling code should still look fairly similar to before:-
Job.Run(()
=>
{
backgroundTask.Execute();
});
However instead of directly using Thread.QueueUserWorkItem
we have another static façade (Job
) that will marshal
the causality behind the delegate’s back:-
public class
Job : IRunnable
{
public static void Run(Action action)
{
var causality = Causality.GetPrimaryCausality();
ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem((o) =>
{
using (Causality.SetPrimaryCausality(causality))
{
action();
}
});
}
}
In the previous two sections the marshalling was very much one-way because you want to unwind the diagnostic context as you return from each scope. But there is another way to marshal the causality, which is via exceptions. Just as an exception in .Net carries around a call stack for the point of the throw and any inner exceptions, it could also carry the causality too. This allows you to avoid one common (anti) pattern which is the “log and re-throw”:-
try
{
// Read a file
}
catch
(Exception e)
{
Log.Error(“Failed to read file ‘{0}’”, filename);
throw;
}
The only reason the try/catch block exists is to allow you to log some aspect of the current operation because you know that once the call stack unwinds the context will be gone. However, if the exception captured the causality (or even the entire diagnostic context) in its constructor at the point of being thrown this wouldn’t be necessary. You also won’t have a “spurious” error message either when the caller manages to completely recover from the exception using other means.
public class
CustomException : Exception
{
public CustomException(string message)
: base(message)
{
m_causality = Causality.GetPrimaryCausality();
}
private List<Tag> m_causality;
}
Naturally this only works with your own exception classes, and so you might end up catching native exceptions anyway and re-throwing your own custom exception types just to capture the causality. However, you’ve avoided the potentially spurious log message though so it’s still a small net gain.
If the exception flows all the way back to the point where the transaction started you can then log the captured causality with the final exception message. In some cases this might be enough to allow you to diagnose the problem without having to find the local context where the action took place.
So far we’ve restricted ourselves to simple string based tags. But there is no reason why you couldn’t store references to the actual business objects and use runtime type identification (RTTI) to acquire an interface for handling causality serialization and formatting. If all you’re doing is rendering to a simple log file though this might be adding an extra responsibility to your domain types that you could do without.
This is one area where I’ve found Extension Methods in C# particularly useful because they only rely on the public state of an object and you can keep them with the infrastructure side of the codebase. The calling code can then look like this:-
using
(customer.TagCausality())
{
// Do something with customer
}
The extension method can then hide the “magic” tag key string:-
public
static class CustomerExtensions
{
public Tag TagCausality(this Customer
customer)
{
return Causality.Attach(“Customer”,
customer.Id);
}
}
Earlier I suggested that it’s worth differentiating between the primary and ancillary tags to keep the noise level down in your logs as you traverse the various layers within the system. This could be achieved either by keeping the tags in a separate container which are then merged during formatting, or marking them with a special flag. The same suggestion applies to your context interface/façade – separate method names or an additional flag, e.g.
using (Causality.AttachPrimary(“ID”,
Id))
…versus…
using
(Causality.Attach(“ID”, Id, Causality.Primary))
…versus…
using
(Causality.Attach(“ID”, Id))
using
(Causality.MarkPrimary(“ID”))
Whatever you decide it will probably be the choice that helps you keep the noise level down in your code too. Just as we wanted to keep the marshalling logic away from our business logic, we might also choose to keep our diagnostic code separate too. If you’re using other tangential patterns, such as the Big Outer Try Block [Longshaw], or measuring everything you can afford to [Oldwood], you’ll find weaving this aspect into your code as well might only succeed in helping you to further bury the functional part:-
public void
ProcessAdditionRequest(Request request)
{
try
{
using (Causality.Attach(“Request”,
request.Id))
using (Causality.Attach(“User”,
request.Login))
using (Causality.Attach(“Host”,
request.Host))
{
using
(Instrument.MeasureElapsedTime(“Addition”))
{
request.Answer = request.Left +
request.Right;
}
}
}
catch (MyException e)
{
// Recover from known problem
}
catch (Exception e)
{
// Recover from unknown problem
}
}
Most of the boilerplate code can be parcelled up into a helper method that takes a delegate/lambda so that the underlying functionality shines through again:-
public void
ProcessAdditionRequest(Request request)
{
HandleRequest(request, () =>
{
request.Answer = request.Left +
request.Right;
});
}
private void
HandleRequest(Request request, Action action)
{
try
{
using (Causality.Attach(“Request”,
request.Id))
{
action();
}
}
catch (MyException e)
{
// Recover from known problem
}
catch (Exception e)
{
// Recover from unknown problem
}
}
Due to the simplistic nature of the way the context is implemented it is an orthogonal concern to any business logic you might be testing. As the example implementation shows it is also entirely stateful and so there are no mocking concerns unless you want to explicitly test that the context itself is being correctly manipulated. Given that the modus operandi of the diagnostic context is to allow you to extract the tags for your own use the public API should already provide everything you need. This assumes of course that the operation you’re invoking provides you with a “seam” [Feathers] through which you can observe the effects, e.g.
public class
TestService : IService
{
public void DoSomething()
{
m_causality = Causality.GetPrimaryCausality();
}
public List<KeyValuePair<string,
string>> m_causality;
}
[Test]
public void
RequestShouldSetPrimaryCausality()
{
var service = new TestService();
var request = new Request(service);
request.ProcessIt();
Assert.That(service.m_causality.Count,
Is.EqualTo(1));
Assert.That(service.m_causality[0].Key,
Is.EqualTo(“ID”));
Assert.That(service.m_causality[0].Value,
Is.EqualTo(“1234”));
}
This article demonstrated a fairly unobtrusive way to associate arbitrary tags with a logical thread of execution to aid in the diagnosis and support of system issues via log files. It then illustrated a mechanism to pass the primary tags to other threads and remote processes so that multiple distributed scopes could be related to one another. The latter part contained some ideas on ways to reduce the noise in the client code and finished with a brief comment on what effects the mechanism has on unit testing.
A large dollop of thanks goes to
[Ewald] Transactional COM+: Building Scalable Applications, Tim Ewald
[Feathers] Working Effectively With Legacy Code, Michael Feathers
[
[Longshaw] The Generation, Management and Handling of Errors (Part 2), Andy Longshaw and Eoin Woods, Overload 93
[Nygard] Michael Nygard, Release IT!
[OED]
[Oldwood] Chris Oldwood, Instrument Everything You Can Afford To, http://chrisoldwood.blogspot.co.uk/2012/10/instrument-everything-you-can-afford-to.html
Chris Oldwood
06 March 2013
Bio
Chris started out as a bedroom coder in the 80s, writing assembler on 8-bit micros. These days it’s C++ and C# on Windows in big plush corporate offices. He is also the commentator for the Godmanchester Gala Day Duck Race and can be contacted via<EMAIL_ADDRESS>or @chrisoldwood.


Index
All Classes|All Packages
T
- testInitialization1() - Method in class com.ae2dms.Business.GameDocumentTest
- testInitialization2() - Method in class com.ae2dms.Business.GameDocumentTest
- testInvalidMap1() - Method in class com.ae2dms.IO.MapFileLoaderTest
- testInvalidMap2() - Method in class com.ae2dms.IO.MapFileLoaderTest
- testInvalidMap3() - Method in class com.ae2dms.IO.MapFileLoaderTest
- testInvalidMap4() - Method in class com.ae2dms.IO.MapFileLoaderTest
- testMapHashCode - Variable in class com.ae2dms.Business.Data.GameRecordTest
- testMapHashCode - Variable in class com.ae2dms.UI.HighScoreBar.HighScoreBarControllerTest
- testMapName - Variable in class com.ae2dms.Business.Data.GameRecordTest
- testMapName - Variable in class com.ae2dms.UI.HighScoreBar.HighScoreBarControllerTest
- testMovement1() - Method in class com.ae2dms.Business.Data.LevelTest
- testMovement2() - Method in class com.ae2dms.Business.Data.LevelTest
- testRawLevelParsingMap1() - Method in class com.ae2dms.Business.Data.LevelTest
- testRawLevelParsingMap2() - Method in class com.ae2dms.Business.Data.LevelTest
- testRawLevelParsingMap3() - Method in class com.ae2dms.Business.Data.LevelTest
- testRender1() - Method in class com.ae2dms.UI.HighScoreBar.HighScoreBarControllerTest
- testRestoreRecordsFromEmpty() - Method in class com.ae2dms.Business.Data.GameRecordTest
- testSerializeInitialState() - Method in class com.ae2dms.Business.GameDocumentTest
- testSortRecords() - Method in class com.ae2dms.Business.Data.GameRecordTest
- testUndo() - Method in class com.ae2dms.Business.GameDocumentTest
- testValidMap1() - Method in class com.ae2dms.IO.MapFileLoaderTest
- testValidMap2() - Method in class com.ae2dms.IO.MapFileLoaderTest
- testValidMap3() - Method in class com.ae2dms.IO.MapFileLoaderTest
- testWriteChangesToFileAndRestoreRecords() - Method in class com.ae2dms.Business.Data.GameRecordTest
- This_Level_Index - Variable in class com.ae2dms.UI.Game.GameViewController
-
Text for Binding: index for this level, on the top
- Time_Spend - Variable in class com.ae2dms.UI.Game.GameViewController
-
Text for Binding: Time duration spend, on the top-right
- timeDuration - Variable in class com.ae2dms.UI.Game.PopUps.GameCompletePopUpController
-
The Time duration.
- timer - Variable in class com.ae2dms.Business.GameTimer
-
the timer to count the time, use JavaFX Timeline as to reduce multi-threading problems
- timer - Variable in class com.ae2dms.UI.Game.GameViewController
-
The concurrent game timer to count time
- timeToDisplay - Variable in class com.ae2dms.Business.GameTimer
-
The StringProperty to be displayed on the top-right of the screen
- toggleColourPreferences() - Method in class com.ae2dms.UI.Menu.MenuViewController
-
click Colour Preference button on screen
- toString() - Method in class com.ae2dms.Business.Data.GameGrid
-
format this grid into a 2d String, with line breaks indicated next line of Grud
- toString() - Method in class com.ae2dms.Business.Data.Level
- toString() - Method in class com.ae2dms.GameObject.AbstractGameObject
- translatePoint(Point, Point) - Static method in class com.ae2dms.Business.Data.GameGrid
-
static method Translate point.
All Classes|All Packages


WebP image encoder/decoder
Copyright (c) 2010, Google Inc. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * Neither the name of Google nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.   Additional IP Rights Grant (Patents) ------------------------------------ "These implementations" means the copyrightable works that implement the WebM codecs distributed by Google as part of the WebM Project. Google hereby grants to you a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import, transfer, and otherwise run, modify and propagate the contents of these implementations of WebM, where such license applies only to those patent claims, both currently owned by Google and acquired in the future, licensable by Google that are necessarily infringed by these implementations of WebM. This grant does not include claims that would be infringed only as a consequence of further modification of these implementations. If you or your agent or exclusive licensee institute or order or agree to the institution of patent litigation or any other patent enforcement activity against any entity (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that any of these implementations of WebM or any code incorporated within any of these implementations of WebM constitute direct or contributory patent infringement, or inducement of patent infringement, then any patent rights granted to you under this License for these implementations of WebM shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed.


WITNESS LIST Health Services Committee February 7, 2000-10:00A Charge 1 Medicaid Managed Care For: Ellington, Owen B., MD (Americaid Community Care), Houston Against: Jordan, Ron (MHS, Inc.), Roanoke, TX On: Born, Christopher (Texas Children's Hospital/THA/Children Hospital Assoc. of TX), Houston Clarkson, Douglas (Columbia/HCA), Dallas Foxhall, Lewis, MD (Harris County Medical Society), Houston Gilbert, Don (Health & Human Services Commission), Austin Graves, Tim (Texas Health Care Association), Austin Ingham, Denise, MD (Americaid/MHMRA), Houston Schnee, Steven B, PhD (MHMR of Harris County), Houston Schwartz, Betsy (Mental Health Association of Greater Houston), Houston Williston, H.N. (Self), Baytown, TX Registering, but not testifying: On: Baumgartner, Jim, MD (University of Texas - Houston Pediatric Neurosurgery), Houston Kajander, John (TIRR Systems), Houston Montaine, John (Harris County Hospital District), Houston Rummel, Leah (Texas Association of Health Plans), Austin Charge 2 Rx/Biotechnology/Genetics For: Luthy, Connie L. (The Luthy Group), Dallas On: Bazer, Fuller (Texas A&M University System/HSC), Houston Carson, Ronald (Self/UTMB), Galveston Kennedy, Robert A. (Texas A&M University System), College Station Patrick, James W. (Baylor College of Medicine), Houston Rothstein, Mark A. (Health Law & Policy Institute/University of Houston), Houston Young, Terry A. (Texas A&M University System), College Station Registering, but not testifying: On: Daniels, Carol (Texas Department of Health), Austin Charge 3 Medical Privacy On: Low, Jennifer (Express Scrips, Inc.), Maryland Hts,MO Rothstein, Mark A. (Health Law & Policy Institute/University of Houston), Houston Charge 4 Children Vaccine Program Registering, but not testifying: On: Stanley, Sharilyn, MD (Texas Department of Health), Austin Charge 5 Healthcare Workforce For: Axelrad, A. David, MD (TSPP), Houston Cagle, Anthony (Vidimedix Corporation), Austin On: Baumgartner, Jim, MD (University of Texas - Houston Pediatric Neurosurgery), Houston Berg, Bobbye,RN,MSN,PNP (University of Texas Medical Branch), Galveston Boultinghouse, Oscar (University of Texas Medical Branch), Galveston Coleridge, Tim, DO (Texas Academy of Family Physicians), Fort Worth Raimer, Ben G., MD (University of Texas Medical Branch), Galveston Robinson, Sally, MD (University of Texas Medical Branch), Galveston Seale, Deborah (University of Texas Medical Branch), Galveston Smith, Catherine (Baylor College of Medicine), Houston Stone, T. Howard (University of Texas Medical Branch), Galveston Registering, but not testifying: On: Montaine, John (Harris County Hospital District), Houston Charge 6 CHIP On: Gilbert, Don (Health & Human Services Commission), Austin Registering, but not testifying: On: Rummel, Leah (Texas Association of Health Plan), Austin


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Miscellaneous set of functions I use in my teaching either at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee or the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research Summer Program in Quantitative Methods. Broadly, the functions help with presentation and interpretation of GLMs.
| Version: | 1.4-3 |
| Depends: | car, effects |
| Imports: | lattice, sm, MASS, nnet, splines, pscl, gdata, xtable, QRM, VGAM, boot |
| Published: | 2016-07-04 |
| Author: | Dave Armstrong (UW-Milwaukee, Department of Political Science) |
| Maintainer: | Dave Armstrong <dave at quantoid.net> |
| License: | GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)] |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Materials: | README |
| CRAN checks: | DAMisc results |
| Reference manual: | DAMisc.pdf |
| Package source: | DAMisc_1.4-3.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: DAMisc_1.4-3.zip, r-release: DAMisc_1.4-3.zip, r-oldrel: DAMisc_1.4-3.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: DAMisc_1.4-3.tgz, r-oldrel: DAMisc_1.4-3.tgz |
| Old sources: | DAMisc archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=DAMisc to link to this page.


Unit tests
Player id
First name
Last name
Birth date
Age division
There are currently
0
players:
0
Juniors,
0
Seniors and
0
Masters.


Download
Delete all data
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Opens: {{timeline.opens}}
Clicks: {{timeline.clicks}}
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Terms: Read here
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Adobe homework - Jürgen Toth
Overview
- Supported browsers: latest Firefox, Chrome
- Responsive layout for different device resolutions
- Central configuration file for all devices and for each device a data file
- "public" directory created for hosting
How to use
- You need a internet connection, cause the jquery Files are linked over the CDN
- Extract directory
- run "npm install" in the directory (you need node.js)
- run "node server.js"
- Open "localhost:8080" in your browser
- Alternative: deploy the "public" directory on your custom webserver
- You can simulate server side value changes in updating the device file - eg. update "device_1.json" with the value "off
- The dashboard automatically refreshes every 10 seconds and reloads the data values for each device
Add new devices (from type heater, lightswitch or curtains) from your home to the dashboard
- The file devices.json contains all active devices of your home, the individual device files holds the actual value
- Add a new entry in "devices.json" from type "heater", "lightswitch" or "curtains"
- Make sure the id is unique, you have to provide a image url and a dataurl (for updating the value from the widget)
- Create the device json for storing the actual value of the device, e.g. "device_5.json"
- Reload page in your browser
Create new device types (other than heater, lightswitch or curtains)
- Add as above described a new entry in devices.conf with a new device data file
- Extend the client.js file with your new device type code:
- Extend the "_setOption" function with your new device type (here you create the device element and implement hook the update action
- Extend the "refresh" function with your new device type (here you can handle server updates in your device type)
- Style your new device type in style.css, use best the devicetype as selector
- Reload page
Tools/Frameworks used
- CSS3 Flexbox
- jQuery Widget Manager
- jQuery / jQuery UI
- JavaScript Revealing module pattern
- NodeJS / Express for hosting (no server logic)
- JetBrains WebStorms 2016.1 for development
Extensions/Remarks
When the callback functions are getting to large with many new device types, its's better to inject
the device type functions in the createWidgets function to keep the codebase readable.
The solution is without server side code (required restriction in homework description).
Without that restriction, the first optimization would be to use socket communication
with socket.io to keep every device widget up to date and to submit data to the server.
Another optimization would be a realtime JSON Database like firebase.com, every consumer
would be updated automatically in real time when data is changing. I use Firebase
for my personal projects and publish about that a new article in the next
JavaSpektrum magazine 04/2016.
Jürgen Toth


Katy Perry joins the ranks of Beyonce, Ed Sheeran, Coldplay, Justin Bieber and other singers who performed in India
by TIMESOFINDIA.COMPopstar and international singing sensation Katy Perry landed in Mumbai during the early hours of Tuesday ahead of her big performance at a music festival, set to take place over the weekend.
She will also be joined on stage by British sensation, Dua Lipa.
This isn't the first time that the 35-year-old singer has visited India. She vacationed in the country back in 2010 along with her then-beau Russell Brand. During their trip, they visited the Taj Mahal, Agra, where Brand reportedly popped the question. They even tied the knot at a tiger reserve in Rajasthan. Sandly the couple pulled the plug on their marriage in two years.
After seven long years, the singing sensation is back in the country, this time around to perform some of her biggest hits in her debut show in Mumbai city. As KatyCats get ready for a smashing performance, we take a look at the long list of International singers who performed in India.
Beyonce
Although not a pubic concert, Beyonce put on quite the show at Billionaire Isha Ambani and Anand Piramal's wedding celebrations. The songstress treated the guests at the high profile event to a spectacular performance, glimpses of which the rest of us got to see through social media posts.
Coldplay
Coldplay not only hit the stage to perform at a concert in Mumbai city, but also shot their music video 'Hymn For The Weekend', featuring Beyonce in the city. The song and video became the talk of the town, considering that it also featured Bollywood actress Sonam Kapoor in a cameo.
British singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran had the city singing along to the 'Shape Of You' as he strummed his guitar in one of the most talked about gigs the ever saw. Before he could hit the big stage, he had left many Bollywood celebs star-struck as he attended a special party that director Farah Khan threw for him on his arrival in the city.
In what was one of the most-hyped about concerts in Mumbai city, Justin Bieber still managed to beat the media at their own game. The singer, who was performing a gig in the city as part of his 'Purpose' tour, left fans and the media stumped when he quietly snuck in and out of the city while struggling to beat the humidity and heat.
Mother Monster, Lady Gaga also made a pit stop in the country! The singer headed to Delhi, where she performed for the F1 opening ceremony. She later even joined Shah Rukh Khan for a fun interview and made headlines for partying it up with King Khan and actor Arjun Rampal.
Wiz Khalifa
American rapper Wiz Khalifa was also recently in the city to perform LIVE at a concert. Interestingly, it was his photos with the ultimate diva of Bollywood, Madhuri Dixit and her family, that got everyone talking.
Bryan Adams
Singer Bryan Adams was in the country back in 2018 to perform some of his biggest hits. While he put on a splendid performance and got the crowd singing along to his tracks, it was his post about the alarming Delhi smog that stole the headlines. Shocked by seeing his silhouette reflected in the dusty air, the singer took to social media to share the same, which in turn got everyone talking about the alarming rate of air pollution.
Metallica
It was pure euphoria for metalheads in Bangalore when the Gods of metal – Metallica took over the stage, with James Hetfield belting out 'Creeping Death'. Never had the city seen such a turnout for a concert with more than 50,000 fans singing along with the band in perfect unison, joining in for the cult classics 'Fuel' and 'For Whom the Bell Tolls', among others hits.
Among the many other stars who put up smashing performances in the city, included the likes of Madonna, Enrique Iglesias, Kylie Minogue, Shakira and Jay Z, apart from a range of singers and EDM artists.


ShowNone (display checkbox)
ShowNone BOOL
The ShowNone property controls the processing of null dates.
It is possible to have no date currently selected in the control. With this style, the control displays a check box that users can check once they have entered or selected a date. Until this check box is checked, the application will not be able to retrieve the date from the control because, in essence, the control has no date.
Set the ShowNone property by assigning one of the following values:
FALSE The check box will not be displayed
TRUE The check box will be displayed
The class user should call the CreateDTPicker or Refresh methods after setting this property.
See Also: SetShowNone


I have quality work experience in Web Development, supported by Full Stack Projects. My interest in Machine Learning and Data Analysis is also in the Main Frame, as I have also been working on Real World Machine Learning and Data Analysis Projects.
Pursuing BE (IT) from MJCET, Hyderabad.
Python Programmer .
Preparing for UPSC , Merit Student.
Great passion for Football and Editing
I am a Certified Web Developer. I have developed various frontend and backend websites and webapps.
I am a Certified Data Analyst. I have worked on Real World Data Analysis Projects.
Python is my Favourite Programming Language as it helps in various aspects of Full Stack Development.
I have quality work experience in Web Development, supported by Full Stack Projects. My interest in Machine Learning and Data Analysis is also in the Main Frame, as I have also been working on Real World Machine Learning and Data Analysis Projects.
Pursuing BE (IT) from MJCET, Hyderabad.
Python Programmer .
Preparing for UPSC , Merit Student.
Great passion for Football and Editing
Sultan Ul-Uloom Public ScHool
Banjara hill Rd.No.3, Hyderabad.
CBSE
10 Boards CGPA - 10.0
Sri Chaitanya Junior Kalasala
S.R.Nagar, Ameerpet, Hyderabad.
State Board
Percentage - 92.8%
Muffakham Jah College of Engineering and Technology
OU Affiliated
Percentage - 87.5%
Looking forward for future Collaborations and a great Career ahead in Life with You All. Stay Tuned !


Recipe 1.11. Checking Whether a String Is Text or BinaryCredit: Andrew Dalke ProblemPython can use a plain string to hold either text or arbitrary bytes, and you need to determine (heuristically, of course: there can be no precise algorithm for this) which of the two cases holds for a certain string. SolutionWe can use the same heuristic criteria as Perl does, deeming a string binary if it contains any nulls or if more than 30% of its characters have the high bit set (i.e., codes greater than 126) or are strange control codes. We have to code this ourselves, but this also means we easily get to tweak the heuristics for special application needs: from _ _future_ _ import division # ensure / does NOT truncate import string text_characters = "".join(map(chr, range(32, 127))) + "\n\r\t\b" _null_trans = string.maketrans("", "") def istext(s, text_characters=text_characters, threshold=0.30): # if s contains any null, it's not text: if "\0" in s: return False # an "empty" string is "text" (arbitrary but reasonable choice): if not s: return True # Get the substring of s made up of non-text characters t = s.translate(_null_trans, text_characters) # s is 'text' if less than 30% of its characters are non-text ones: return len(t)/len(s) <= threshold DiscussionYou can easily do minor customizations to the heuristics used by function istext by passing in specific values for the threshold, which defaults to 0.30 (30%), or for the string of those characters that are to be deemed "text" (which defaults to normal ASCII characters plus the four "normal" control characters, meaning ones that are often found in text). For example, if you expected Italian text encoded as ISO-8859-1, you could add the accented letters used in Italian, "àÃ¨Ã©Ã¬Ã2Ã1", to the text_characters argument. Often, what you need to check as being either binary or text is not a string, but a file. Again, we can use the same heuristics as Perl, checking just the first block of the file with the istext function shown in this recipe's Solution: def istextfile(filename, blocksize=512, **kwds): return istext(open(filename).read(blocksize), **kwds) Note that, by default, the expression len(t)/len(s) used in the body of function istext would truncate the result to 0, since it is a division between integer numbers. In some future version (probably Python 3.0, a few years away), Python will change the meaning of the / operator so that it performs division without truncationif you really do want truncation, you should use the truncating-division operator, //. However, Python has not yet changed the semantics of division, keeping the old one by default in order to ensure backwards compatibility. It's important that the millions of lines of code of Python programs and modules that already exist keep running smoothly under all new 2.x versions of Pythononly upon a change of major language version number, no more often than every decade or so, is Python allowed to change in ways that aren't backwards-compatible. Since, in the small module containing this recipe's Solution, it's handy for us to get the division behavior that is scheduled for introduction in some future release, we start our module with the statement: from _ _future_ _ import division This statement doesn't affect the rest of the program, only the specific module that starts with this statement; throughout this module, / performs "true division" (without truncation). As of Python 2.3 and 2.4, division is the only thing you may want to import from _ _future_ _. Other features that used to be scheduled for the future, nested_scopes and generators, are now part of the language and cannot be turned offit's innocuous to import them, but it makes sense to do so only if your program also needs to run under some older version of Python. See AlsoRecipe 1.10 for more details about function maketrans and string method translate; Language Reference for details about true versus truncating division. |


{% load static %}
The Middle East and South Asia are historically where the most terrorist activity occurs. Our initial analysis reported that these were already dense with terrorist activity, but the spike of 2012 mentioned in our original analysis mentioned the Taliban reaching out to other groups in Asia to spread their wave of terror; and this graph shows that increase in both the Middle East states, and southern Asian states. It's also important to note the spike in activity in eastern Europe, largely can be attribute to the immense amount of activity mentioned in our initial analysis from Greece.
A break down of the top ten countries most likely to have a terrorist attack. These values were predicted using the machine learning model Random Forest Classifier. We recieved a very high accuracy score on this model. Most of it comes from the Middle East and Asia as expected, however what is staggering is that out of 164 countries listed in our database, these ten countries alone have a 67. 4% chance of having a casualty of a terrorist attack in them. 6.1% of countries in our database have a 67.4% chance of having the next casualty of a terrorist attack.
Using machine learning, we were able to predict the likeliness of being the next country to have a casualty to a terrorist attack. The model used was a Random Forest Classifier, and gave us a very high score on accuracy. One interesting thing to notice is while a European country does not appear in our pie chart of the top ten countries most likely to have a terrorist casualty next, our model predicts that there is a 10.5% chance of it having the next casualty of a terrorist attack. With rising tensions over immigration control and how refugees are handled, we have seen increasing amounts of large scale acts of terrorism on the European public such as the November 2015 Paris attacks. Our model predicted America as the #31 spot, estimating that there was a 5.1% chance of having the next casualty of a terrorist attack.
The following vizualizations made by Tableau show actual counts from our dataset, and are not predicted by machine learning models. While a lot of it follows the trends identified by our models, the United States has the fifth highest amount of casualties of terrorism. Granted, a large portion of that comes from the September 11th terrorist attacks; however, the United States leads the world in mass shootings. The casualty counts reach almost 9000 killed and wounded, which makes up almost half of all casualties in the U.S. for terrorism alone. This explains why the U.S. doesnt have that many incidents compared to other countries, yet has a large amount of casualties. With our models predicting them to have rising likeliness of casualties due to terrorism, their placement in the top ten is not shocking. Even though the United States produces some of the most casualties, they do not have that many attacks compared to the rest of the world. They arguably have some of the highest casualties per attack however.


| embed_file {xfun} | R Documentation |
For a file, first encode it into base64 data (a character string). Then
generate a hyperlink of the form Download filename. The file can be downloaded when
the link is clicked in modern web browsers. For a directory, it will be
compressed as a zip archive first, and the zip file is passed to
embed_file()
. For multiple files, they are also compressed to a zip
file first.
embed_file(path, name = basename(path), text = paste("Download", name), ...) embed_dir(path, name = paste0(normalize_path(path), ".zip"), ...) embed_files(path, name = with_ext(basename(path[1]), ".zip"), ...)
path |
Path to the file(s) or directory. |
name |
The default filename to use when downloading the file. Note that
for |
text |
The text for the hyperlink. |
... |
For |
These functions can be called in R code chunks in R Markdown documents with HTML output formats. You may embed an arbitrary file or directory in the HTML output file, so that readers of the HTML page can download it from the browser. A common use case is to embed data files for readers to download.
An HTML tag  with the appropriate attributes.
Windows users may need to install Rtools to obtain the zip
command to use embed_dir()
and embed_files()
.
These functions require R packages mime and htmltools. If you have installed the rmarkdown package, these packages should be available, otherwise you need to install them separately.
Currently Internet Explorer does not support downloading embedded files (https://caniuse.com/#feat=download). Chrome has a 2MB limit on the file size.
logo = xfun:::R_logo() link = xfun::embed_file(logo, text = "Download R logo") link if (interactive()) htmltools::browsable(link)


Gateway
BOT
14-Mar-19 05:17 AM
[telegram] <prblocknet> hey i lost 35%
[telegram] <prblocknet> still holding but no idea how it will be :(
[telegram] <prblocknet> i went to their website and it shows that they are developing somthing but date doesnt show
[telegram] <prblocknet> you guys have any clue?
[telegram] <David> It's time to hold, so we will learn not to get on with the train in motion
[telegram] <NSPURI> Whats the long term predictions for komodo
[telegram] <David> we have this candle and the next week to go positive. If there is no party, a shit will be taken and until the first or second week of April the party will not return.
[telegram] <David> in the daily chart we can give some surprise
[telegram] <Kenny_Kobayashi> Test pump
[telegram] <Kenny_Kobayashi> The whole pump was a group pnd on huobi
[telegram] <vali777> maybe, but we still testing the line, its a good sign even with the pump
[telegram] <David> the rise in huobi was without volume, these techniques have been used by the team itself in different projects... It is a mousetrap in addition to having a difference of $ 3 over other exchanges... once the gazelles are selling and they can leave us waiting for weeks
[telegram] <vali777> i still think it will reach the high in the pump in a short period of time
[telegram] <vali777> meaning a month
[telegram] <vali777> and i mean the binance high, not huobi
[telegram] <Kenny_Kobayashi> its pretty insidious
[telegram] <Kenny_Kobayashi> I knew what was coming, i just couldnt get my coins off my wallet into an exchange fast enough before the pump was over
[telegram] <vali777> seeing anything in the coming weeks?
[telegram] <Kenny_Kobayashi> especially huobi with the 100 confirms
[telegram] <Kenny_Kobayashi> not sure, i dont follow the news
[telegram] <Kenny_Kobayashi> coins are just pnd one by one
[telegram] <Kenny_Kobayashi> i just hope to sell one of the coins i am hodling when the pump peaks then buy back at original prepump levels
[telegram] <Kenny_Kobayashi> total marketcap stuck in the 130 b range
[telegram] <prblocknet> there are no news lately from komodo
[telegram] <prblocknet> i think this pump will take weeks...
[telegram] <prblocknet> :(
[telegram] <Kenny_Kobayashi> BTC is ready to break down
[telegram] <Kenny_Kobayashi> or up
[telegram] <Kenny_Kobayashi> incredible that it wasnt today with futures contracts expiring
[telegram] <David> we need the grandfather btc to push the car so kmd also replies. So the rise of yesterday would be the entry of the ready to end up selling higher
[telegram] <Kenny_Kobayashi> both longs and shorts are at absurdly low levels at the same time
(edited)