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{{define "about"}}
Because even with the powers contained within RIPA our Government and the Police are attempting to bypass legal safeguards in order to decrypt your data!
The Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act contains within it a provision to punish people with upwards of 2 years in prision if they do not hand over decryption keys when the Police demand them. There are protections within the bill of which one is;
(3) For the purposes of this section a person shall be taken to have shown that he was not in possession of a key to protected information at a particular time if—
(a) sufficient evidence of that fact is adduced to raise an issue with respect to it; and
(b) the contrary is not proved beyond a reasonable doubt.
To this end Brass Horn Communications released the S53 project in mid 2015. This was a software/hardware combination which would destroy all data on a protected computer if it detected tampering (or if a panic button was triggered). This was a thought experiment for this defence but some have since argued that a more subtle approach may be needed as "trapdooring" your data or purposefully destroying it via a panic button could violate other laws.
Using RIPACrypt one could store the pass phrase (or a Bitlocker / LUKs keyfile etc) for a given computer in a Crypt with a 3x 1 hour deadline. That computer could then be configured to check-in every hour on the hour, if the computer was seized then RIPACrypt would destroy the data after 3 hours and timestamp when this was done.
You had no direct control over the destruction process as you were no longer in possession of the computer that was authorised to checkin.
When served with a RIPA s.49 notice you could point them to https://RIPACrypt.download/view/YOURCRYPTID/ and see what happens...
THIS SOFTWARE IS A THOUGHT EXPERIMENT IN DEFEATING BAD LEGISLATION WITH TECHNOLOGY - PLEASE DO NOT RISK A CONVICTION BY RELYING ON IT
Many civil libertarians objected to the compelled decryption powers within RIPA but the past 12 months has seen a worrying rise in the Governments desire to weaken or attack encryption.
This came to a head in 2016 when the National Crime Agency attempted to bypass the protections within RIPA (having failed to enforce a s.49 Notice earlier) and force Lauri Love to provide the decryption keys to property he had requested be returned.
It has become apparant that between the NCA's disregard for the law and the Home Office's desire to push the Investigatory Powers Bill through we need something to protect people from compelled decryption!


Ocean [ap07], ocean, in The Outer Sea
Last updated Turn #140
Ocean [ap07], ocean, in The Outer Sea
------------------------------------------------------------------------
1: The Savvy Aardvark [ha5r], ship, 2 hulls, 1 rowing port, 6 sails,
1: 26% damaged, arrived from Ocean [aq07], owner:
1: Phantasm [n4b], Imperial Empire, duke, with two workers,
1: eight sailors
2: The Savvy Aardvark [ha5r], ship, 2 hulls, 1 rowing port, 6 sails,
2: 26% damaged, departed for Ocean [ao07].
Routes leaving Ocean:
North, to Ocean [ao07], 6 days
East, to Ocean [ap08], 6 days
South, to Ocean [aq07], 6 days
West, to Ocean [ap06], 6 days


Jonathan Pool
Developer of accessible web applications
I do
| planning | design | coding | linting | testing |
| documentation | blogging | training | maintenance | upgrades |
|<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| |
| Telephone |<PHONE_NUMBER> |
| Blog | http://stulta.com/forumo |
| Résumé | https://jpdev.pro |
| Mailing address | 901 24th Ave S Seattle, Washington 98144-3032, US |
| Host | User ID | URL |
|---|---|---|
| Github | jrpool | https://github.com/jrpool |
| jonathanpool | https://www.linkedin.com/in/jonathanpool/ | |
| MDN Web Docs | JonathanPool | https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/profiles/JonathanPool |
| Google Scholar | Jonathan Pool | https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=qSNjYhQAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao |
| Semantic Scholar | Jonathan Pool | https://www.semanticscholar.org/author/31879705 |
| Project name | Github | Demo |
|---|---|---|
jsonresume-theme-a11y |
jrpool/jsonresume-theme-a11y | npm: jsonresume-theme-a11y |
| Accessible Calculator | jrpool/calculator | https://jrpool.github.io/calculator/ |
| DocSearch | jrpool/docsearch | https://jpdev.pro/ds/ |
| Geezer.pro | jrpool/geezer.pro | https://geezer.pro |
| SPA for Seniors | jrpool/singlepropertysite | https://berkhouse.info |
I have contributed to
- ESLint (#25): https://github.com/eslint/eslint/graphs/contributors
- MDN Web Docs: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/dashboards/revisions?user=JonathanPool
- LearnersGuild/curriculum-app (#3): https://github.com/LearnersGuild/curriculum-app/graphs/contributors
- PanLem: https://jpdev.pro/info/docs/panlem-pool.png
- PanLex developer documentation: https://dev.panlex.org
I have worked with
- Languages: JavaScript, Perl, Java, bash, 68000 Assembly, VBA, APL
- Scopes: full-stack, back-end, front-end, APIs, SPAs
- Back-end: Node.js, NPM, Express, pg, pg-promise, bcrypt, solr, DBI
- Databases: PostgreSQL, PL/pgSQL, SQL Server, FileMaker Pro, MongoDB, migrations
- Front-end: HTML, CSS, JQuery, Cheerio, Bootstrap, EJS, Pug, Materialize
- Content and version management: git, svn, Github, Gitlab, Bitbucket, SourceForge, WordPress
- Quality control: ESLint, mocha, chai, Selenium Webdriver, Chrome Developer Tools
- Accessibility testing: Chrome Developer Tools, WAVE, aXe, Siteimprove
- Accessible development: WCAG 2.1, ARIA, VoiceOver, Acrobat Pro DC, ADA Title III
- Internationalization: Unicode, CLDR, ISO 639, PanLex API
- Web servers: Apache httpd, nginx
- Mail servers: Postfix, sendmail, SendGrid Web API
- Remote hosts: Amazon AWS (EC2, S3, Glacier), Heroku, OVH
- OS’s: Ubuntu, RHEL, OS X, Cisco IOS
- Configuration management: Puppet
- Files: FineReader, Acrobat, iconv, Atom, nano, ed, sed, GraphicConverter
- CAD: VectorWorks
- Statistics: SPSS
- Office apps: Apache OpenOffice, Apple iWork, Microsoft Office
- Collaboration: Slack, Asana, Wrike, Trello, Egnyte
- E-commerce: web contracting, web reservations, crowdsourcing (Amazon Mechanical Turk), Google AdWords, IP licensing, authentication, authorization, sales form management (design, validation, tabulation)
I can communicate in (best→worst)
- English
- Esperanto
- German
- Turkish
- French
- Norwegian Bokmål
- Russian
- Latin
I have studied at
- Learners Guild, 2017-05-01–2018-02-16: web development
- University of Washington Interdisciplinary Undergraduate Program, 2004-03-29–2007-06-01: computer science, UI design, linguistics
- The University of Chicago, 1966-09-01–1971-04-30: political science
- Harvard University, 1960-09-01–1964-06-30: government
I have worked at
- The Long Now Foundation, 2012-01-01–2016-12-19: Project Director, PanLex
- Centerplex, 1993-06-16–2004-06-11: contracting, project management, ADA upgrades
- University of Washington Department of Political Science, 1977-09-16–1993-06-15: research and teaching
- State University of New York at Stony Brook, 1971-01-01–1977-06-15: research and teaching
- Peace Corps, 1964-06-15–1966-06-15: teaching
I have received software grants from
- University of Maryland
- National Science Foundation
I have published about
- computational lexicography
- syntactic ambiguity
- game-theoretic models of social choice


|
Nana C++ Library
open-source C++ framework project The Programmer's Guide |
||||||||||||||
|
nana::gui::date_chooser Description a graphical user interface widget for choosing a date. Model of Widget Window Public base classes class widget_object<widget_tag, DrawerTrigger>: public widget Members
File nana/gui/widgets/date_chooser.hpp Notes None. See also date. Move to The Nana Programmer's Guide Main Page |
||||||||||||||


public class BusinessRulesEngine
extends java.lang.Object
rules are defined in xml files. additionally a replacements (properties) file might be specified, where variable names and replacement values for them are specified. this way values, that are used repeatedly in an xml file might be defined once and used multiple times.
the engine executes rules which are defined in the form of groups and subgroups. rules in a subgroup belong together and are chained using either 'and' or 'or'. additionally subgroups may be chained together 'and' or 'or'.
the engine accepts multiple xml rule files as input. this way the rules may be divided into multiple files. each file must contain a complete group of rules; groups can not be split over multiple files.
rule xml files can also be put into a zip archive. the program will process the zip file and read all rule xml files from it.
The Business Rules Maintenance Tool, a web application to orchestrate the business logic into projects, rulesgroups, rules and actions generates a zip file containing all logic which can then be used together with the rule engine. The zip file contains the mentioned xml files, so using the web application you will not have to write them by hand. In this case, also any available reference fields - a definition of which fields are available from the data record - are parsed from the zip file.
the rules are executed against the data using a certain check or condition. these are defined in classes implementing the GenericCheck interface.
rules defined in the xml file(s), or zip file are instantiated using java reflection. usually the return value of a method is compared to an expected value. or two object are compared against each other. or the return value is compared against a fix condition such as 'not null'.
the getRuleDefinition method returns a simple readable representation and overview of the rule logic.
before running the ruleengine it needs data to run the rules against. use one of the various run methods to pass objects to the engine. the object could be any object but needs to correspond to the object class defined in the rules project (file). The method to be used is also defined in the project. Using the class and the method, the data is retrieved from the object and passed to the ruleengine.
please read the available documentation.
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
static int |
OUTPUT_TYPE_FAILED_AND_PASSED |
static int |
OUTPUT_TYPE_FAILED_ONLY |
static int |
OUTPUT_TYPE_NO_OUTPUT |
static int |
OUTPUT_TYPE_PASSED_ONLY |
static int |
RULEGROUP_STATUS_MODE_ALL_FAILED |
static int |
RULEGROUP_STATUS_MODE_ALL_PASSED |
static int |
RULEGROUP_STATUS_MODE_AT_LEAST_ONE_FAILED |
static int |
RULEGROUP_STATUS_MODE_AT_LEAST_ONE_PASSED |
static int |
RULEGROUP_STATUS_MODE_MINIMUM_NUMBER |
static int |
RULEGROUP_STATUS_MODE_NOT_ALL_FAILED |
static int |
RULEGROUP_STATUS_MODE_NOT_ALL_PASSED |
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
BusinessRulesEngine(java.io.File[] rulesFiles)
engine can be instantiated by passing an array of files
the files will be parsed and all rules from all files
will be collected.
|
BusinessRulesEngine(java.io.File[] rulesFiles,
java.lang.String propertiesFile)
engine can be instantiated by passing an array of files
the files will be parsed and all rules from all files
will be collected
the properties file is an external file that is used
to define several parameters used by the engine
Rulegroups are prioritized to execute those groups first, that
other groups depend on.
|
BusinessRulesEngine(java.lang.String rulesFilename)
engine can be instantiated by passing the filename, the file will be parsed and all rules will be collected.
|
BusinessRulesEngine(java.lang.String rulesFilename,
java.lang.String propertiesFile)
engine can be instantiated by passing the filename
the file will be parsed and all rules will be collected
the properties file is an external file that is used
to define several parameters used by the engine
Rulegroups are prioritized to execute those groups first, that
other groups depend on.
|
BusinessRulesEngine(java.util.zip.ZipFile zipFile)
engine can be instantiated by passing a zip file containing xml
rule files.
|
BusinessRulesEngine(java.util.zip.ZipFile zipFile,
java.lang.String propertiesFile)
engine can be instantiated by passing a zip file containing xml
rule files.
|
BusinessRulesEngine(java.util.zip.ZipFile zipFile,
java.lang.String[] ruleFiles)
engine can be instantiated by passing a zip file containing xml
rule files and specifying an array of the names of the rule files to process.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
clear()
clears/empties the collection of execution results which are created when running the ruleengine.
|
boolean |
compareNumberOfGroupsFailedGreaterThan(int value)
method returns if the number of groups that failed is greater
than the specified value
|
boolean |
compareNumberOfGroupsPassedGreaterThan(int value)
method returns if the number of groups that passed is greater
than the specified value
|
RuleGroup |
getGroupById(java.lang.String groupId)
method returns the a group identified by it's id
as defined in the xml file
|
java.util.ArrayList<RuleGroup> |
getGroups()
method returns the list of groups as defined in the xml file
|
static java.lang.String |
getLastUpdateDate()
returns the last date of an update of the business rule engine
|
MappingCollection |
getMappingCollection() |
long |
getNumberOfActions()
method returns the number of actions from all groups
|
long |
getNumberOfActionsExecuted() |
long |
getNumberOfExecutedGroups()
method returns the total number of executed groups - excluding the skipped groups
|
long |
getNumberOfGroups()
method returns the total number of groups
|
long |
getNumberOfGroupsFailed()
method returns the number of groups that failed
|
long |
getNumberOfGroupsPassed()
method returns the number of groups that passed
|
long |
getNumberOfGroupsSkipped()
method returns the number of groups that were skipped.
|
long |
getNumberOfRules()
method returns the number of rules from all groups and subgroups
|
long |
getNumberOfRulesFailed()
method returns the number of failed rules from all groups and subgroups
|
long |
getNumberOfRulesPassed()
method returns the number of passed rules from all groups and subgroups
|
java.lang.String |
getObjectLabelNumberFormat()
the objects label that is used to identify an object in output additionally has a running
number.
|
java.lang.String |
getObjectsLabel()
this label will be used - together with a running number - for all objects (that are to be tested)
to identify them in the output
|
java.lang.String |
getObjectsLabelNumberFormat() |
int |
getOutputType()
specifies if all rule results should be output (2), only for failed rules (0),
only for passed rules (1). default is 0.
|
boolean |
getPreserveRuleExcecutionResults()
indicator if the execution results should be preserved or not
|
java.util.ArrayList<ReferenceField> |
getReferenceFields()
method returns the list of reference fields as defined in the xml file
|
java.lang.String |
getReplacementsFile() |
VariableReplacer |
getReplacer()
returns the replacer object. the replacer is used
to replace placeholders in the xml files with actual
values.
|
RuleExecutionCollection |
getRuleExecutionCollection()
method returns a collection of results from all groups and subgroups
|
boolean |
getRuleGroupExists(java.lang.String groupId)
method returns a boolean indicating if the rule group exists.
|
boolean |
getRuleGroupFailed(java.lang.String groupId)
method returns a boolean indicating if the rule group failed.
|
boolean |
getRuleGroupsFailed(java.lang.String[] groupIds)
checks if any - at least one - of the groups in an array of rule group ids failed.
|
boolean |
getRuleGroupsMinimumNumberFailed(int value)
evaluates if the number of groups failed is equal or larger
than the specified value
|
boolean |
getRuleGroupsStatus(int mode)
evaluates if the specified mode is true or false in regards to
the number of rulegroups passed or failed.
|
java.lang.String |
getRuleLogic(int index)
returns a string representing the rule logic for the specified group
the subgroup(s) will be parsed and the logic will be chained together
using brackets for an easier overview.
|
java.lang.String |
getRuleLogic(java.lang.String groupId)
returns a string representing the rule logic for the specified group
the subgroup(s) will be parsed and the logic will be chained together
using brackets for an easier overview.
|
boolean |
getStatus()
returns if the method: 'run' has been invoked or not,
meaning if the ruleengine ran or not.
|
java.lang.String |
getTimestampFormat()
returns the format of the timestamp used for timestamp formating
|
static java.lang.String |
getVersion()
returns the version and revision of the business rule engine
|
static void |
help() |
static void |
main(java.lang.String[] args) |
void |
reloadRuleFile(java.io.File[] rulesFiles)
reloads the rule xml file for a running BusinessRulesEngine instance
|
void |
reloadRuleFile(java.lang.String rulesFilename)
reloads the rule xml file for a running BusinessRulesEngine instance
|
void |
reloadRuleFileFolder(java.lang.String folderName)
reloads all rule xml files from a folder for a running BusinessRulesEngine instance
|
void |
reloadZipFile(java.util.zip.ZipFile zipFile)
reloads the rule project zip file for a running BusinessRulesEngine instance.
|
void |
run(java.util.Collection<java.lang.Object> objects)
method runs the rules for all groups and subgroups
for all objects of the collection.
|
void |
run(java.lang.Object object)
method runs the rules for all groups and subgroups
against the object.
|
void |
run(RuleGroup group,
java.lang.String objectLabel,
java.lang.Object object)
method runs the rules for a given rule group against the object with the given label.
|
void |
run(java.lang.String[] rulegroupNames,
java.lang.String objectLabel,
java.lang.Object object)
method runs the rules for a given array of rule groups by specifying the group names.
|
void |
run(java.lang.String objectLabel,
java.lang.Object object)
method runs the rules for all groups and subgroups
against the object with the given label
|
void |
run(java.lang.String csvfileName,
java.lang.String fieldSeperator)
method runs the rules for all groups and subgroups.
|
void |
run(java.lang.String rulegroupName,
java.lang.String objectLabel,
java.lang.Object object)
method runs the rules for a given rule group by specifying the group id.
|
void |
setObjectLabelNumberFormat(java.lang.String format)
the objectlabel that is used to identify an object in output additionally has a running
number.
|
void |
setObjectsLabel(java.lang.String objectsLabel)
set the label to a different one, if you want to modify, how the object
is identified during output.
|
void |
setOutputType(int outputType)
sets if all rule results should be output (2), only for failed rules (0),
only for passed rules (1). default is 0.
|
void |
setPreserveRuleExcecutionResults(boolean preserveRuleExcecutionResults)
indicator if the execution results should be preserved or not
|
void |
setReplacer(VariableReplacer replacer)
sets the replacer object, which is used to replace variables specified
in the xml files with real values as specified in an external
properties file.
|
void |
setTimestampFormat(java.lang.String timestampFormat)
sets the format of the timestamp used for timestamp formating.
|
public static final int OUTPUT_TYPE_FAILED_ONLY
public static final int OUTPUT_TYPE_PASSED_ONLY
public static final int OUTPUT_TYPE_FAILED_AND_PASSED
public static final int OUTPUT_TYPE_NO_OUTPUT
public static final int RULEGROUP_STATUS_MODE_MINIMUM_NUMBER
public static final int RULEGROUP_STATUS_MODE_AT_LEAST_ONE_FAILED
public static final int RULEGROUP_STATUS_MODE_ALL_FAILED
public static final int RULEGROUP_STATUS_MODE_NOT_ALL_FAILED
public static final int RULEGROUP_STATUS_MODE_AT_LEAST_ONE_PASSED
public static final int RULEGROUP_STATUS_MODE_ALL_PASSED
public static final int RULEGROUP_STATUS_MODE_NOT_ALL_PASSED
public BusinessRulesEngine(java.lang.String rulesFilename) throws java.lang.Exception
rulesFilename
- path and name of the xml rule file or of the folder containing the filesjava.lang.Exception
- exception when the file(s) could not be located or parsedpublic BusinessRulesEngine(java.lang.String rulesFilename, java.lang.String propertiesFile) throws java.lang.Exception
rulesFilename
- the path and name of the XML rule filepropertiesFile
- the path and name of the properties filejava.lang.Exception
- exception when the file were not found or could not be processedpublic BusinessRulesEngine(java.io.File[] rulesFiles) throws java.lang.Exception
rulesFiles
- an array of rule xml filesjava.lang.Exception
- exception when the file(s) could not be located or parsedpublic BusinessRulesEngine(java.util.zip.ZipFile zipFile) throws java.lang.Exception
zipFile
- path and name of the zip filejava.lang.Exception
- exception when the file could not be located or parsedpublic BusinessRulesEngine(java.util.zip.ZipFile zipFile, java.lang.String propertiesFile) throws java.lang.Exception
zipFile
- path and name of the zip filepropertiesFile
- path and name of the properties filejava.lang.Exception
- exception when the file could not be located or parsedpublic BusinessRulesEngine(java.util.zip.ZipFile zipFile, java.lang.String[] ruleFiles) throws java.lang.Exception
zipFile
- path and name of the zip fileruleFiles
- array containing the rulefile names to processjava.lang.Exception
- exception when the file could not be located or parsedpublic BusinessRulesEngine(java.io.File[] rulesFiles, java.lang.String propertiesFile) throws java.lang.Exception
rulesFiles
- an array of rule xml filespropertiesFile
- path and name of the properties filejava.lang.Exception
- exception when the file(s) could not be located or parsedpublic static java.lang.String getVersion()
public static java.lang.String getLastUpdateDate()
public void run(java.lang.String objectLabel, java.lang.Object object) throws java.lang.Exception
objectLabel
- the label to use for the objectobject
- the actual object to usejava.lang.Exception
- exception running the rule against the objectpublic void run(java.lang.String rulegroupName, java.lang.String objectLabel, java.lang.Object object) throws java.lang.Exception
rulegroupName
- the name of the rulegroup to runobjectLabel
- the label to use for the objectobject
- the actual object to usejava.lang.Exception
- exception running the rule against the objectpublic void run(java.lang.String[] rulegroupNames, java.lang.String objectLabel, java.lang.Object object) throws java.lang.Exception
rulegroupNames
- array of names of the rulegroups to runobjectLabel
- the label to use for the objectobject
- the actual object to usejava.lang.Exception
- exception running the rule against the objectpublic void run(RuleGroup group, java.lang.String objectLabel, java.lang.Object object) throws java.lang.Exception
group
- the rule group to runobjectLabel
- the label to use for the objectobject
- the actual object to usejava.lang.Exception
- exception running the rule against the objectpublic void run(java.util.Collection<java.lang.Object> objects) throws java.lang.Exception
objects
- a collection of objects to run the rule againstjava.lang.Exception
- exception running the rule against the objectpublic void reloadZipFile(java.util.zip.ZipFile zipFile) throws java.lang.Exception
zipFile
- path and name of the zip filejava.lang.Exception
- exception when the file could not be located or parsedpublic void reloadRuleFile(java.lang.String rulesFilename) throws java.lang.Exception
rulesFilename
- path and name of the xml rule filejava.lang.Exception
- exception when the file could not be located or parsedpublic void reloadRuleFile(java.io.File[] rulesFiles) throws java.lang.Exception
rulesFiles
- array of rule files with path and name of the xml rule filejava.lang.Exception
- exception when the file could not be located or parsedpublic void reloadRuleFileFolder(java.lang.String folderName) throws java.lang.Exception
folderName
- path and name of the folder containing the xml rule file(s)java.lang.Exception
- exception when the file could not be located or parsedpublic void run(java.lang.String csvfileName, java.lang.String fieldSeperator) throws java.lang.Exception
csvfileName
- the CSV file to usefieldSeperator
- the separator between the fields/columns in the csv filejava.lang.Exception
- exception running the rule against the objectpublic void clear()
public void run(java.lang.Object object) throws java.lang.Exception
object
- the object to run the rule againstjava.lang.Exception
- exception when the rule could not be runpublic RuleExecutionCollection getRuleExecutionCollection()
public boolean getRuleGroupFailed(java.lang.String groupId)
groupId
- the id of the grouppublic boolean getRuleGroupsFailed(java.lang.String[] groupIds)
groupIds
- an array of group idspublic boolean getRuleGroupExists(java.lang.String groupId)
groupId
- the id of the grouppublic boolean getPreserveRuleExcecutionResults()
public void setPreserveRuleExcecutionResults(boolean preserveRuleExcecutionResults)
preserveRuleExcecutionResults
- indicator if results shall be preservedpublic java.util.ArrayList<RuleGroup> getGroups()
public java.util.ArrayList<ReferenceField> getReferenceFields()
public RuleGroup getGroupById(java.lang.String groupId)
groupId
- the id of the grouppublic long getNumberOfRules()
public long getNumberOfActions()
public long getNumberOfActionsExecuted()
public long getNumberOfRulesFailed()
public long getNumberOfRulesPassed()
public long getNumberOfGroupsFailed()
public boolean compareNumberOfGroupsFailedGreaterThan(int value)
value
- number of groupspublic long getNumberOfGroupsPassed()
public boolean compareNumberOfGroupsPassedGreaterThan(int value)
value
- number of groupspublic boolean getRuleGroupsStatus(int mode)
mode
- the desired mode to compare topublic boolean getRuleGroupsMinimumNumberFailed(int value)
value
- the minimum number of failed rulegroupspublic long getNumberOfGroupsSkipped()
public long getNumberOfGroups()
public long getNumberOfExecutedGroups()
public boolean getStatus()
public java.lang.String getRuleLogic(java.lang.String groupId) throws java.lang.Exception
groupId
- the id of the groupjava.lang.Exception
- exception when the logic could not be constructedpublic java.lang.String getRuleLogic(int index) throws java.lang.Exception
index
- the index of the rulegroupjava.lang.Exception
- exception when the logic could not be constructedpublic VariableReplacer getReplacer()
public void setReplacer(VariableReplacer replacer)
replacer
- a variable replacer objectpublic java.lang.String getObjectsLabel()
public void setObjectsLabel(java.lang.String objectsLabel)
objectsLabel
- the label for the objectspublic java.lang.String getObjectLabelNumberFormat()
public void setObjectLabelNumberFormat(java.lang.String format)
format
- number format of the object labelpublic int getOutputType()
public void setOutputType(int outputType)
outputType
- the selected output typepublic java.lang.String getTimestampFormat()
public void setTimestampFormat(java.lang.String timestampFormat)
timestampFormat
- format of the timestamppublic static void main(java.lang.String[] args) throws java.lang.Exception
java.lang.Exception
public static void help()
public java.lang.String getObjectsLabelNumberFormat()
public java.lang.String getReplacementsFile()
public MappingCollection getMappingCollection()


Important Links
Data Sturcture
Algorithm
Advance-Topic
Persistent Segment Trees Article
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| Contents | Previous Next |
The Human Evasion by Celia Green
Chapter 3 : The Genesis of Sanity
It is fashionable to locate the origins of psychological attitudes very early in life. The taste for doing so is not, perhaps, entirely unmotivated.It is obviously fairly agreeable to regard one's psychology as the result of conditioning rather than of choice. It is relaxing; one has nothing to blame oneself for; one cannot be expected to change. It is, of course, possible that the infant mind is capable of significant emotional decisions, but this possibility is never discussed.
However, a perfectly satisfactory beginning may indeed be postulated for sanity, and this does not interfere at all with standard theories of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis deals with that part of a person's psychology which has become fixated on other people; so it may well describe what happens to the child in so far as that child becomes sane.
It is well known that the younger people are, the less sane they are likely to be. This has lead to the heavily-loaded social usage of the term maturity. It is an unquestionable pro-word. Roughly speaking, the mature person is characterized by willingness to accept substitutes, compromises, and delays, particularly if these are caused by the structure of society.
Young people are usually immature, that is to say, they wish their lives to contain excitement and purpose. It is recognized (at least subconsciously) by sane people that the latter is much the more dangerous of the two, so the young who cannot at once be made mature are steered into the pursuit of purposeless excitement. This is actually not very exciting, and is well on the way to an acceptable kind of sanity, as it leads to the idea of "excitement" being degraded to that of "pleasure".
Adolescents are known to think about metaphysics more than most people; thus thinking about metaphysics becomes associated with the negative concept "immaturity". If someone thinks about metaphysical problems at a later age, they are said to show signs of "delayed adolescence".
Now let us go back to the very beginning of the "maturation" process. It is to be presumed that a baby which is being born experiences helplessness as helplessness. That is to say, it experiences the painful and incomprehensible process without any of those reflections which are such a miraculous source of comfort to the sanesuch as "It will soon be over", or "After all, it happens to everybody", or "It shouldn't be allowed. It's their fault".
The infant may be presumed to find its condition intolerablebecause it is out of control of it. At this point of its life, what it minds about is that it cannot control reality, not that it cannot control people.
Now so long as one is finitei.e. one's knowledge and powers are limitedsituations may always arise which one cannot control. But it is very hard for an adult human to feel any emotion about his limitations vis-a-vis impersonal reality. What emotion arises in you when you think that you would be quite unable to lift Mount Everest? On the other hand, it is probably quite easy to feel some emotion at the thought that so-and-so is an inch taller than you are, or can always beat you at badminton. You may also (though less probably) still be able to feel a pang of jealousy or regret that you are not Nijinsky or Shakespeare or Einstein.
Obviously a process of psychological development takes place which ensures (so far as possible) that the limitations of the individual will be experienced only in comparisons with other people. Now it is obvious that the emotion which accompanies the original experience of helplessness is very strong. If you can recall any experience of impotent fury or horror in early childhood you may get some idea of this. This gives some clue to the strength of the human evasion. If people are to take the force of all this displaced emotion, it is scarcely surprising that they should be the object of such exclusive attention.
At first very young children are not immune from a feeling of helplessness per se. But it may be presumed that the part of their environment which is most readily manipulable is soon seen to be other people. The younger the child, the truer this is. Its own physical and mental grasp of the situation is greatly exceeded by that of adult humansparticularly its motherwho can affect the situation in its favour if they feel inclined to do so.
It is very painful to try to do something and to fail. The retrospective attempt to reject the combination of trying and failure is well known in social life. "I didn't really care about the game today." "Actually I was thinking that even if I was elected it was time I resigned to spend more time on my other interests." Therefore, by the time it has reached adulthood, the sane person has evolved ways of relinquishing the attempt in favour of some compensatory aim, in any situation in which it does not feel almost certain to succeed. For example, as a mature adult, you cannot even try (with any emotional involvement in the act of trying) to jump over a house. By the same token, you cannot try to make a door open by willpower alone, or try to arrive home quickly without traversing the intervening space and navigating such obstacles as stairs, walls, gates, etc., in the approved fashion. Your immediate sensation if you attempted to try, would be an overwhelming sense of impossibility.
It is (philosophically or factually speaking) the case that no future event can be demonstrated to be impossible. If something has happened once, this may be said to show it is possible. If it has never happened this does not show that it can never do so. But as has pointed out, reflections of this kind although true, have no emotional impact to a sane person.
As already mentioned, you may still (in rare circumstances) be able to try to achieve exceptional things in some socially recognized and strictly limited field. I.e. you may still be able to try and equal Nijinsky, Shakespeare, etc.
But it is far more likely that you have acquired some compensatory attitude towards any such symbols of outstandingness. It can give a very pleasant sense of gentle superiority to discuss Beethoven's deafness, and Shakespeare's Oedipus Complex, and Nietzsche's lack of success with women, in a more or less informed manner. Thus MacNeile Dixon:
So with the famous monarchs of the mind. They terrify you with their authority.... How royal is their gesture, how incomparable their technique!There is, however, no need for alarm.  You may discover that Kant smoked, played billiards and had a fancy for candied fruit. The discovery at once renders him less awe-inspiring.1
This kind of approach is not only useful for eliminating a sense of inferiority, it also makes it much easier to ignore anything Kant, Nietzsche, Hume, etc., may have said about reality.
Now although the ambitions of the adult are already restricted to narrowly defined types of social recognition, even this form of aspiration is a strictly unstable structure in sane psychologyi.e. if it is displaced slightly from its equilibrium it will tend to fall further away from that position, and not return to it. On the other hand, compensation is a stable psychological position in sane psychology.
The replacement of aspiration by compensation is perhaps most clearly seen among college students. They frequently arrive at university with immature desires for greatness and an exceptionally significant way of life.
Not infrequently, also, this leads to emotional conflicts and disappointments of one kind and another. They adjust to their problems with startling rapidity. The solution which occurs to nearly all of them, and is suggested to them by psychological advisers, etc., if it does not occur to them spontaneously, is to accept their limitations. The acceptance of limitations is accompanied by a marked increase in the valuation placed on other people.
"I used to be quite self-sufficient and thought I wanted to be nothing but an intellectual. I lived for my work, and of course maths/classics/anything you like is the nearest thing there is to heaven. But it would be selfish to live like that. I see now you've got to take an interest in lifeI mean, you have to live with other people. It's difficult to get on with people. Social problems are difficult. The other is easy. It's running away from reality."
What is usually omitted from this exposition by the patient is that between the period at which classics (or whatever it may have been) was "nearly heaven" and the period at which human relationships became the central thing in life, there was usually a stage at which classics was no longer particularly easy.
It is a simple law of human psychology, therefore, that as soon as conflict arises, it will be eliminated by some compensatory manoeuvre in which other people are the central pivot. The process of becoming thoroughly sane depends on repeated manoeuvres of this kind.
This process may be presumed to have started in earliest infancy, when it was much more rewarding to aim at responses from one's mother than at controlling the environment directly. Here began the child's lifelong efforts to limit its trying to regions in which it could succeed. This process, of necessity, remained imperfect in early life, as moderate (though never disproportionate) efforts to learn things must be sanctioned in the young.
These efforts are almost at once heavily conditioned by social acceptability, though this is not yet the exclusive criterion. It is possible to find people who remember, as children, having tried (or attempted to try) to walk away from the stairs into the air instead of going on down them one by one. But even then they found it impossible to try very hard.
Why is it so painful to fail in something you have tried to do? In the case of the young child it is evidently because it reminds it of its limited powers, which suggests the possibility of permanent finiteness.
It is bad enough to be finite at present; it is intolerable to believe that one will always be so. If one tries and fails it proves that one's trying is insufficient. Better therefore to believe that one doesn't want to tryat least at present.
This view of the matter is not so far removed from that of orthodox psychoanalysis, which does, after a fashion, recognize the child's desire for omnipotence. Psychoanalysis is, however, most concerned with what happens once human persons, such as the child's father, have become partial symbols of omnipotence. There is also a tendency to describe the child as having a muddle-headed belief in its own omnipotence. This is, of course, less justifiable than a desire for omnipotence. Sane people cannot distinguish very easily between different attitudes of this kind.
Of course in the child and adolescent there are still remains of the belief that one will, at some judiciously selected time in the future, attempt altogether more ambitious things. In true adulthood this idea has disappeared (or becomes transformed into some such form as "it would make all the difference if people were only decent to me and gave me my rights").
Thus the sane, adult person wants (or tries to want) to have what it can have and to do what it can do, and exercises a good deal of ingenuity in attempts to want not to have what it cannot get.
One or two points must be made in parentheses. The sane person will not, of course, admit that the prospect of being permanently finite is intolerable.
Even if he looks so miserable that he cannot with any conviction claim to be happy himself, he will utter constant affirmations that "most people are perfectly all right and quite happy as they are."  Suppose I enjoy it like this?"
This does not make our hypothesis about the development of the human evasion any less probable. Our argument is that a sane person's life has been spent in an increasingly successful attempt not to find finiteness intolerable. Thus if he makes assertions of this kind, he is telling us only that he has succeeded.
After all, it is accepted in psychoanalysis that one of the objects of a psychological reaction to an unacceptable fact is, eventually, to conceal the true origin and purpose of this reaction.
The sane adult will, of course, object that what happens when one comes up against one's limitations is not that one is reminded of the possibility of permanent finiteness. It is certain that the limits of one's capabilities are defined by what one can and cannot achieve.
The very young child reacts emotionally as if it believed that limitation is only potential; it does not yet identify itself with its limitations. In this its emotions are in accordance with the most abstract philosophy; whatever may be achieved in certain circumstances on one occasion or even on a great many occasions, it may still be the case that something quite different may be achieved on a future occasion. In the most abstract sense, this might simply happen in the way that everything might stop existing at any moment or start existing according to different laws. This, I know, is the sort of consideration that has no force at all to a sane adult. But even within the normal world-view, it cannot be claimed that very much is known about the psychological factors that restrict or permit achievement, and the possibility cannot be ruled out that if someone adopted a different kind of psychological attitude from any they had had before, they might find their abilities radically changed.
Initially, then, the child is merely horrified at the prospect that a single failure may contain some implication of permanent restriction; some barrier set forever between him and the possibility of omnipotence. It is a matter of social conditioning that he increasingly learns that he is regarded by others as defined by his failures, so that any single one comes to have the force of a permanent measurement of what he unchangeably is.
This process is accompanied by a continuous shifting of the idea of failure away from absolute failure (i.e. failure to fulfil one's own will) toward "failure by comparison with other people". To the mature adult only the latter is of any interest.
The child is trained, then, to react to failure not only by regarding his limitations as final, but by substituting something more readily obtainable for what he originally wanted. The substitution is usually eased by a shift of emphasis from what the individual himself wants, to what other people want from him. It may be the substitution of a different ambition from the first one, on the grounds that it will be just as useful to society, or it may be the substitution of social approval per se for any ambition at all.
Consider some well-known gambits. "Never mind, darling. Even if you fail your exams, you know we'll still love you." If the person concerned is actually worried about the exams, there is an obvious motivation for attempting to find this comforting. "Well, we know you did your best, and that's what counts." The latter is particularly subtle, since it combines the idea of finality of failure with the offer of social approval. What it is really saying is: "Provided you accept that you couldn't possibly have done better, and you really are worse than all the other boys, you may have our affection as a good boy who tries."
Now the child may well have an obscure feeling that in some way he wasn't feeling right about the thing; or that somehow everything felt wrong at school in some indefinable way that made it quite certain that he couldn't do that kind of thing there. But his mind must be distracted from any attempt to work out how one does make oneself feel right to do things. (If he does start reflecting on the effect of circumstances upon him he will most likely be told he is "making excuses".)
The denial of psychological reality is very important to sanity. It cannot afford to admit the existence of a psychology of achievement, still less to understand it. However, one of the few pieces of psychology that is understood by sanity is how to make young humans with aspirations feel discredited and absurd. Any aspiration bears an uncomfortable resemblance to a desire not to be finite at all. Inspiration is of little interest to modern psychology; it is about as unfashionable as witchcraft. If the subconscious mind is considered at all, it is considered solely as a repository of associations of ideas about parts of the body and members of one's family.
Of course there is a kind of non-aspiring psychology of success which is understood by sanity. It is roughly as follows: the most stable, least excitable, most normal, people will tend to be most consistently successful.
Even if this seems to be supported by observation, it must be borne in mind that these are the conditions for success (of a moderate kind) in a society composed of sane people.
- MacNeile Dixon, The Human Situation, Edward Arnold and Co., 1937, p.16.
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--- title: Can Agile work for a team of experts? layout: post ---
If you have a team of experts, each expertly knowledgeabe in their own area with very little overlap: Does Agile still make sense?
I wonder what John Galvin would think of this article?


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The 38th International
Conference on Software Engineering
Austin, May 14 - 22, 2016
The International Conference on Software Engineering is coming to Austin for a second time in May 14 - 22, 2016. There, the top minds in software engineering research and practice will convene for a week of inspirational talks, demos and conversation. A quarter-century after the Texas state capitol first hosted ICSE, Austin has become a hub for technology, entrepreneurship, music, outdoor recreation and nightlife. ICSE 2016 will be located in the lovely Austin Arboretum Area — known as “new Austin” — at the start of the Texas hill country and at the peak of the Texas wildflower season. What better setting could there be for flourishing ideas?
Please mark your calendars. Contribute your results and ideas. Then plan to join us to make the 38th ICSE one for the record books since, as the saying goes, “Everything is bigger in Texas!”


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€6.8m Lotto win 'the talk of the village' as winner gets in contact with National Lottery
by By Digital Desk staffExcitement has reached fever pitch today in a Kilkenny village today after news that a shop there sold the winning ticket for Saturday night’s €6,834,410 Lotto jackpot.
Mooncoin, a village in the south of Kilkenny near the River Suir and the Comeragh Mountains, as buzzing as the National Lottery has confirmed that the winning Quick Pick ticket was sold on the day of the draw at Blanchfield Centra, on Main Street in the village.
The shop owner Michael Blanchfield said: “It’s astounding news. What a way to finish the year – selling a winning Lotto ticket.
"The news is the talk of the village and from talking to our local customers there is a great buzz about the place.
"I’ve no idea who it could be as we have a lot of regular locals but I do hope it is one of them. Whoever it is myself and all the staff at Centra wish them the best of luck with their win.”
It is the shop's second major National Lottery win of the year.
Michael said: “We are in business here for 19 years and we had our first two major National Lottery wins in 2019.
Back in March this year we sold an All Cash Spectacular scratch card that was worth €200,000 and was won by a Kilkenny couple.”
A National Lottery spokesperson also confirmed that the winner of the €6.8m Lotto jackpot has already been in touch.
They said, “We can confirm that we have been contacted by the lucky ticket holder and arrangements are currently being made, when the winner is ready to collect their prize in the coming weeks.
"We always encourage our players to check their tickets as often as possible following every draw and this person obviously already has done that.
"It is great news for Mooncoin in having two significant National Lottery winners in such a short space of time.”
The winning numbers from Saturday night’s Lotto draw were: 13, 16, 18, 25, 38, 41 and the bonus number was 1.
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'Buddy bears' to help Cork's fire crews tend to children caught up in emergency events


The Astropy project is made possible through the efforts of community members that perform numerous important roles. This encompasses a broad scope of responsibilities ranging from direct package development to communication, distribution, and managerial activities. In this section we list the identified project roles and responsible parties, both to formally acknowledge those performing these duties and to solicit volunteers for these roles to ensure sustainability. See the Astropy project role responsibilities section below for a full description of each role.
Ideally each role has a lead and one or more deputies. The lead has primary responsibility for a role and will also identify and mentor deputies (as needed) in order to maintain continuous support. Some roles are currently unfilled and we invite community members with an interest to inquire about volunteering by emailing to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| Role | Sub-role | Lead | Deputy |
|---|---|---|---|
| Coordination committee member | Tom Aldcroft | ||
| Kelle Cruz | |||
| Tom Robitaille | |||
| Erik Tollerud | |||
| Ombudsperson | Steve Crawford | ||
| Community engagement coordinator | Overall | Kelle Cruz | Unfilled |
| Adrian Price-Whelan | Tom Robitaille | ||
| Kelle Cruz | Tom Robitaille, Erik Tollerud | ||
| Slack | Tom Robitaille | Unfilled | |
| Conferences | Adrian Price-Whelan | Erik Tollerud, Tom Robitaille, Kelle Cruz | |
| Astropy GSoC coordinator | Brigitta Sipocz | Tom Aldcroft, Erik Tollerud | |
| Learn Coordinator | Kelle Cruz | Unfilled | |
| Documentation & examples maintainer | Tom Robitaille | Erik Tollerud | |
| Tutorial & guides | Infrastructure | Adrian Price-Whelan | Erik Tollerud |
| Content | Lia Corrales | Unfilled | |
| Astropy.org web page maintainer | Erik Tollerud1 | Grant Tremblay | |
| Astropy-helpers maintainer | Unfilled | Erik Tollerud, Brigitta Sipocz | |
| Astropy testing maintainer | Dan Davella | Erik Tollerud, Tom Robitaille | |
| Package-template maintainer | Tom Robitaille1 | Brigitta Sipocz, Larry Bradley, Adrian Price-Whelan | |
| CI-helpers maintainer | Brigitta Sipocz | Unfilled | |
| Distribution coordinator | Conda | Matt Craig | Unfilled |
| Debian | Ole Streicher | Unfilled | |
| Fedora | Sergio Pascual | Unfilled | |
| Gentoo | Sébastien Fabbro | Unfilled | |
| ArchLinux | Médéric Boquien | Miguel de Val-Borro, Stuart Mumford | |
| MacPorts | Christoph Deil | Hans Moritz Günther | |
| Core package release coordinator | Brigitta Sipocz | Tom Robitaille, Erik Tollerud | |
| Sub-package maintainer | astropy.constants | David Shupe | Marten van Kerkwijk |
| astropy.convolution | Adam Ginsburg | Axel Donath, Larry Bradley | |
| astropy.coordinates | Erik Tollerud | Stuart Littlefair, Adrian Price-Whelan | |
| astropy.cosmology | Alex Conley | Unfilled | |
| astropy.io.ascii | Tom Aldcroft | Hans Moritz Günther | |
| astropy.io.fits | Unfilled | Simon Conseil, Michael Seifert, Dan D'Avella | |
| astropy.io.misc | Tom Robitaille1 | Matteo Bachetti | |
| astropy.io.votable | Unfilled | Pey Lian Lim | |
| astropy.modeling | Nadia Dencheva | Pey Lian Lim | |
| astropy.nddata | Matt Craig | Steve Crawford, Michael Seifert | |
| astropy.samp | Tom Robitaille1 | Unfilled | |
| astropy.stats | Steve Crawford | Larry Bradley | |
| astropy.table | Tom Aldcroft | Marten van Kerkwijk | |
| astropy.time | Tom Aldcroft | Marten van Kerkwijk | |
| astropy.units | Marten van Kerkwijk | Adrian Price-Whelan | |
| astropy.utils | Pey Lian Lim | Brigitta Sipocz, Erik Tollerud | |
| astropy.visualization | Larry Bradley | Tom Robitaille | |
| astropy.wcs | Unfilled | Nadia Dencheva | |
| 1Would prefer deputy role |
The Astropy project is made possible through the efforts of community members that perform numerous important roles. This encompasses a broad scope of responsibilities ranging from direct package development to communication, distribution, and managerial activities. In this section we list the responsibilities for each of the identified project roles. The list of people fulfilling these roles is found in the Roles section.
Overall coordination and management of the Astropy project, including:
Provide a point of contact for sensitive issues separate from the coordinating committee, including:
Facilitate engagement with the astropy community, including:
Oversee the Astropy "Learn" ecosystem, including:
Maintain the Astropy documentation website, including:
Maintain the Tutorials website, including
Oversee the material included in Tutorials and Guides, including:
Manage the astropy.org web site, including:
Lead the development and maintenance of the astropy-helpers repository, including:
Lead development and maintenance of the testing infrastructure for Astropy and the helpers, including:
Lead the development of maintenance of the affiliated package package-template, which is used by affiliated packages. This includes:
Lead the maintenance of the ci-helpers, including:
Create and maintain binary distribution packages for Astropy core and affiliated packages for a specific OS or package management system.
Oversee the release process for the astropy core package, including:
Maintain a sub-package of the astropy core package, including:
Astropy project packages are under continuous development by professional astronomers and software developers from around the world. The Project is community-driven, with decisions generally made by consensus, but with oversight and organization provided by the coordinating committee.
If you have contributed to the Astropy project and your name is missing, please send an email to the coordinators, or open a pull request for the credits document in the astropy repository.


manageSynapseCredentials.Rmd
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The application (keychain in Mac) will then prompt you to allow other applications including Python and R to access these credentials. Please choose “Yes” or “OK”.
The second time you login, you will not have to enter your username or password:


Tags.RANDOM_SEED: RANDOM_SEED,
Tags.VOLUME_NAME: "CompletePipelineTestMSOT_" + str(RANDOM_SEED),
Tags.SIMULATION_PATH: path_manager.get_hdf5_file_save_path(),
Tags.SPACING_MM: SPACING,
Tags.DIM_VOLUME_Z_MM: VOLUME_HEIGHT_IN_MM,
Tags.DIM_VOLUME_X_MM: VOLUME_TRANSDUCER_DIM_IN_MM,
Tags.DIM_VOLUME_Y_MM: VOLUME_PLANAR_DIM_IN_MM,
Tags.VOLUME_CREATOR: Tags.VOLUME_CREATOR_VERSATILE,
Tags.GPU: True,
# The following parameters set the optical forward model
Tags.WAVELENGTHS: [700],
Tags.LOAD_AND_SAVE_HDF5_FILE_AT_THE_END_OF_SIMULATION_TO_MINIMISE_FILESIZE: True
}
settings = Settings(general_settings)
np.random.seed(RANDOM_SEED)
settings.set_volume_creation_settings({
Tags.STRUCTURES: create_example_tissue(),
Tags.SIMULATE_DEFORMED_LAYERS: True
})
settings.set_optical_settings({
Tags.OPTICAL_MODEL_NUMBER_PHOTONS: 1e7,
Tags.OPTICAL_MODEL_BINARY_PATH: path_manager.get_mcx_binary_path(),
Tags.ILLUMINATION_TYPE: Tags.ILLUMINATION_TYPE_MSOT_ACUITY_ECHO,
Tags.LASER_PULSE_ENERGY_IN_MILLIJOULE: 50,
Tags.MCX_ASSUMED_ANISOTROPY: 0.9,
})
settings.set_acoustic_settings({
Tags.ACOUSTIC_SIMULATION_3D: False,
Tags.ACOUSTIC_MODEL_BINARY_PATH: path_manager.get_matlab_binary_path(),
Tags.PROPERTY_ALPHA_POWER: 1.05,
Tags.SENSOR_RECORD: "p",
Tags.PMLInside: False,
Tags.PMLSize: [31, 32],
Tags.PMLAlpha: 1.5,
Tags.PlotPML: False,
Tags.RECORDMOVIE: False,
Tags.MOVIENAME: "visualization_log",
Tags.ACOUSTIC_LOG_SCALE: True
})
settings.set_reconstruction_settings({
Tags.RECONSTRUCTION_PERFORM_BANDPASS_FILTERING: False,
Tags.ACOUSTIC_MODEL_BINARY_PATH: path_manager.get_matlab_binary_path(),
Tags.ACOUSTIC_SIMULATION_3D: False,
Tags.PROPERTY_ALPHA_POWER: 1.05,
Tags.TUKEY_WINDOW_ALPHA: 0.5,
Tags.BANDPASS_CUTOFF_LOWPASS: int(8e6),
Tags.BANDPASS_CUTOFF_HIGHPASS: int(0.1e4),
Tags.RECONSTRUCTION_BMODE_AFTER_RECONSTRUCTION: True,
Tags.RECONSTRUCTION_BMODE_METHOD: Tags.RECONSTRUCTION_BMODE_METHOD_HILBERT_TRANSFORM,
Tags.RECONSTRUCTION_APODIZATION_METHOD: Tags.RECONSTRUCTION_APODIZATION_BOX,
Tags.RECONSTRUCTION_MODE: Tags.RECONSTRUCTION_MODE_PRESSURE,
Tags.SENSOR_RECORD: "p",
Tags.PMLInside: False,
Tags.PMLSize: [31, 32],
Tags.PMLAlpha: 1.5,
Tags.PlotPML: False,
Tags.RECORDMOVIE: False,
Tags.MOVIENAME: "visualization_log",
Tags.ACOUSTIC_LOG_SCALE: True,
Tags.PROPERTY_SPEED_OF_SOUND: 1540,
Tags.PROPERTY_ALPHA_COEFF: 0.01,
Tags.PROPERTY_DENSITY: 1000
})
settings["noise_initial_pressure"] = {
Tags.NOISE_MEAN: 1,
Tags.NOISE_STD: 0.01,
Tags.NOISE_MODE: Tags.NOISE_MODE_MULTIPLICATIVE,
Tags.DATA_FIELD: Tags.OPTICAL_MODEL_INITIAL_PRESSURE,
Tags.NOISE_NON_NEGATIVITY_CONSTRAINT: True
}
settings["noise_time_series"] = {
Tags.NOISE_STD: 1,
Tags.NOISE_MODE: Tags.NOISE_MODE_ADDITIVE,
Tags.DATA_FIELD: Tags.TIME_SERIES_DATA
}
# TODO: For the device choice, uncomment the undesired device
# device = MSOTAcuityEcho(device_position_mm=np.array([VOLUME_TRANSDUCER_DIM_IN_MM/2,
# VOLUME_PLANAR_DIM_IN_MM/2,
# 0]))
# device.update_settings_for_use_of_model_based_volume_creator(settings)
device = PhotoacousticDevice(device_position_mm=np.array([VOLUME_TRANSDUCER_DIM_IN_MM/2,
VOLUME_PLANAR_DIM_IN_MM/2,
0]))
device.set_detection_geometry(LinearArrayDetectionGeometry(device_position_mm=device.device_position_mm, pitch_mm=0.25,
number_detector_elements=200))
device.add_illumination_geometry(SlitIlluminationGeometry(slit_vector_mm=[100, 0, 0]))
SIMUATION_PIPELINE = [
VolumeCreationModelModelBasedAdapter(settings),
OpticalForwardModelMcxAdapter(settings),
GaussianNoiseProcessingComponent(settings, "noise_initial_pressure"),
AcousticForwardModelKWaveAdapter(settings),
GaussianNoiseProcessingComponent(settings, "noise_time_series"),
ReconstructionModuleTimeReversalAdapter(settings),
]
simulate(SIMUATION_PIPELINE, settings, device)
if Tags.WAVELENGTH in settings:
WAVELENGTH = settings[Tags.WAVELENGTH]
else:
WAVELENGTH = 700
if VISUALIZE:
visualise_data(path_manager.get_hdf5_file_save_path() + "/" + VOLUME_NAME + ".hdf5", WAVELENGTH,
show_time_series_data=True,
show_initial_pressure=True,
show_absorption=False,
show_segmentation_map=False,
show_tissue_density=False,
show_reconstructed_data=True,
show_fluence=False,
log_scale=False)
Defining custom tissue structures and properties¶
The file can be found in simpa_examples/create_custom_tissues.py:
"""
SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 Computer Assisted Medical Interventions Group, DKFZ
SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 VISION Lab, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute (CRUK CI)
SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
"""
from simpa.utils import MolecularCompositionGenerator
from simpa.utils import MOLECULE_LIBRARY
from simpa.utils import Molecule
from simpa.utils import Spectrum
from simpa.utils.libraries.spectra_library import ScatteringSpectrumLibrary, AnisotropySpectrumLibrary
import numpy as np
def create_custom_absorber():
wavelengths = np.linspace(200, 1500, 100)
absorber = Spectrum(spectrum_name="random absorber",
wavelengths=wavelengths,
values=np.random.random(
np.shape(wavelengths)))
return absorber
def create_custom_chromophore(volume_fraction: float = 1.0):
chromophore = Molecule(
absorption_spectrum=create_custom_absorber(),
volume_fraction=volume_fraction,
scattering_spectrum=ScatteringSpectrumLibrary.CONSTANT_SCATTERING_ARBITRARY(40.0),
anisotropy_spectrum=AnisotropySpectrumLibrary.CONSTANT_ANISOTROPY_ARBITRARY(0.9)
)
return chromophore
def create_custom_tissue_type():
# First create an instance of a TissueSettingsGenerator
tissue_settings_generator = MolecularCompositionGenerator()
water_volume_fraction = 0.4
blood_volume_fraction = 0.5
custom_chromophore_volume_fraction = 0.1
# The volume fraction within every tissue type should sum up to 1.
oxygenation = 0.4
# Then append chromophores that you want
tissue_settings_generator.append(key="oxyhemoglobin",
value=MOLECULE_LIBRARY.oxyhemoglobin(oxygenation * blood_volume_fraction))
tissue_settings_generator.append(key="deoxyhemoglobin",
value=MOLECULE_LIBRARY.deoxyhemoglobin((1 - oxygenation) * blood_volume_fraction))
tissue_settings_generator.append(key="water",
value=MOLECULE_LIBRARY.water(water_volume_fraction))
tissue_settings_generator.append(key="custom",
value=create_custom_chromophore(custom_chromophore_volume_fraction))
return tissue_settings_generator
Defining a custom digital device twin class¶
The file can be found in simpa_examples/create_a_custom_digital_device_twin.py:
"""
SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 Computer Assisted Medical Interventions Group, DKFZ
SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 VISION Lab, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute (CRUK CI)
SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
"""
# FIXME temporary workaround for newest Intel architectures
import os
os.environ["KMP_DUPLICATE_LIB_OK"] = "TRUE"
from simpa.core.device_digital_twins.digital_device_twin_base import PhotoacousticDevice
from simpa.core.device_digital_twins.devices.illumination_geometries.slit_illumination import SlitIlluminationGeometry
from simpa.core.device_digital_twins.devices.detection_geometries.linear_array import LinearArrayDetectionGeometry
from simpa.utils import Settings, Tags
import numpy as np
class ExampleDeviceSlitIlluminationLinearDetector(PhotoacousticDevice):
"""
This class represents a digital twin of a PA device with a slit as illumination next to a linear detection geometry.
"""
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.set_detection_geometry(LinearArrayDetectionGeometry())
self.add_illumination_geometry(SlitIlluminationGeometry())
if __name__ == "__main__":
device = ExampleDeviceSlitIlluminationLinearDetector()
settings = Settings()
settings[Tags.DIM_VOLUME_X_MM] = 20
settings[Tags.DIM_VOLUME_Y_MM] = 50
settings[Tags.DIM_VOLUME_Z_MM] = 20
settings[Tags.SPACING_MM] = 0.5
settings[Tags.STRUCTURES] = {}
x_dim = int(round(settings[Tags.DIM_VOLUME_X_MM]/settings[Tags.SPACING_MM]))
z_dim = int(round(settings[Tags.DIM_VOLUME_Z_MM]/settings[Tags.SPACING_MM]))
positions = device.get_detection_geometry().get_detector_element_positions_accounting_for_device_position_mm()
detector_elements = device.get_detection_geometry().get_detector_element_orientations(global_settings=settings)
positions = np.round(positions/settings[Tags.SPACING_MM]).astype(int)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.scatter(positions[:, 0], positions[:, 2])
plt.quiver(positions[:, 0], positions[:, 2], detector_elements[:, 0], detector_elements[:, 2])
plt.show()
Defining custom tissue types¶
The file can be found in simpa_examples/create_custom_tissues.py:
"""
SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 Computer Assisted Medical Interventions Group, DKFZ
SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 VISION Lab, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute (CRUK CI)
SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
"""
from simpa.utils import MolecularCompositionGenerator
from simpa.utils import MOLECULE_LIBRARY
from simpa.utils import Molecule
from simpa.utils import Spectrum
from simpa.utils.libraries.spectra_library import ScatteringSpectrumLibrary, AnisotropySpectrumLibrary
import numpy as np
def create_custom_absorber():
wavelengths = np.linspace(200, 1500, 100)
absorber = Spectrum(spectrum_name="random absorber",
wavelengths=wavelengths,
values=np.random.random(
np.shape(wavelengths)))
return absorber
def create_custom_chromophore(volume_fraction: float = 1.0):
chromophore = Molecule(
absorption_spectrum=create_custom_absorber(),
volume_fraction=volume_fraction,
scattering_spectrum=ScatteringSpectrumLibrary.CONSTANT_SCATTERING_ARBITRARY(40.0),
anisotropy_spectrum=AnisotropySpectrumLibrary.CONSTANT_ANISOTROPY_ARBITRARY(0.9)
)
return chromophore
def create_custom_tissue_type():
# First create an instance of a TissueSettingsGenerator
tissue_settings_generator = MolecularCompositionGenerator()
water_volume_fraction = 0.4
blood_volume_fraction = 0.5
custom_chromophore_volume_fraction = 0.1
# The volume fraction within every tissue type should sum up to 1.
oxygenation = 0.4
# Then append chromophores that you want
tissue_settings_generator.append(key="oxyhemoglobin",
value=MOLECULE_LIBRARY.oxyhemoglobin(oxygenation * blood_volume_fraction))
tissue_settings_generator.append(key="deoxyhemoglobin",
value=MOLECULE_LIBRARY.deoxyhemoglobin((1 - oxygenation) * blood_volume_fraction))
tissue_settings_generator.append(key="water",
value=MOLECULE_LIBRARY.water(water_volume_fraction))
tissue_settings_generator.append(key="custom",
value=create_custom_chromophore(custom_chromophore_volume_fraction))
return tissue_settings_generator
Load a segmentation mask and use it to simulate¶
The file can be found in simpa_examples/segmentation_loader.py:
"""
SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 Computer Assisted Medical Interventions Group, DKFZ
SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 VISION Lab, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute (CRUK CI)
SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
"""
from simpa.core.simulation import simulate
from simpa.utils.settings import Settings
from simpa.utils import Tags, SegmentationClasses, MolecularCompositionGenerator
import numpy as np
from skimage.data import shepp_logan_phantom
from simpa.utils.libraries.tissue_library import TISSUE_LIBRARY
from simpa.utils.libraries.molecule_library import MOLECULE_LIBRARY
from simpa.visualisation.matplotlib_data_visualisation import visualise_data
from scipy.ndimage import zoom
from simpa.utils.path_manager import PathManager
from simpa.core.device_digital_twins import RSOMExplorerP50
from simpa.core import VolumeCreationModuleSegmentationBasedAdapter, OpticalForwardModelMcxAdapter
# FIXME temporary workaround for newest Intel architectures
import os
os.environ["KMP_DUPLICATE_LIB_OK"] = "TRUE"
# If VISUALIZE is set to True, the simulation result will be plotted
VISUALIZE = True
# TODO: Please make sure that a valid path_config.env file is located in your home directory, or that you
# point to the correct file in the PathManager().
path_manager = PathManager()
target_spacing = 1.0
label_mask = shepp_logan_phantom()
label_mask = np.digitize(label_mask, bins=np.linspace(0.0, 1.0, 11), right=True)
label_mask = np.reshape(label_mask, (400, 1, 400))
input_spacing = 0.2
segmentation_volume_tiled = np.tile(label_mask, (1, 128, 1))
segmentation_volume_mask = np.round(zoom(segmentation_volume_tiled, input_spacing/target_spacing,
order=0)).astype(int)
def segmention_class_mapping():
ret_dict = dict()
ret_dict[0] = TISSUE_LIBRARY.heavy_water()
ret_dict[1] = TISSUE_LIBRARY.blood()
ret_dict[2] = TISSUE_LIBRARY.epidermis()
ret_dict[3] = TISSUE_LIBRARY.muscle()
ret_dict[4] = TISSUE_LIBRARY.mediprene()
ret_dict[5] = TISSUE_LIBRARY.ultrasound_gel()
ret_dict[6] = TISSUE_LIBRARY.heavy_water()
ret_dict[7] = (MolecularCompositionGenerator()
.append(MOLECULE_LIBRARY.oxyhemoglobin(0.01))
.append(MOLECULE_LIBRARY.deoxyhemoglobin(0.01))
.append(MOLECULE_LIBRARY.water(0.98))
.get_molecular_composition(SegmentationClasses.COUPLING_ARTIFACT))
ret_dict[8] = TISSUE_LIBRARY.heavy_water()
ret_dict[9] = TISSUE_LIBRARY.heavy_water()
ret_dict[10] = TISSUE_LIBRARY.heavy_water()
return ret_dict
settings = Settings()
settings[Tags.SIMULATION_PATH] = path_manager.get_hdf5_file_save_path()
settings[Tags.VOLUME_NAME] = "SegmentationTest"
settings[Tags.RANDOM_SEED] = 1234
settings[Tags.WAVELENGTHS] = [700]
settings[Tags.SPACING_MM] = target_spacing
settings[Tags.DIM_VOLUME_X_MM] = 400 / (target_spacing / input_spacing)
settings[Tags.DIM_VOLUME_Y_MM] = 128 / (target_spacing / input_spacing)
settings[Tags.DIM_VOLUME_Z_MM] = 400 / (target_spacing / input_spacing)
settings.set_volume_creation_settings({
Tags.INPUT_SEGMENTATION_VOLUME: segmentation_volume_mask,
Tags.SEGMENTATION_CLASS_MAPPING: segmention_class_mapping(),
})
settings.set_optical_settings({
Tags.OPTICAL_MODEL_NUMBER_PHOTONS: 1e7,
Tags.OPTICAL_MODEL_BINARY_PATH: path_manager.get_mcx_binary_path(),
Tags.ILLUMINATION_TYPE: Tags.ILLUMINATION_TYPE_MSOT_ACUITY_ECHO,
Tags.LASER_PULSE_ENERGY_IN_MILLIJOULE: 50,
})
pipeline = [
VolumeCreationModuleSegmentationBasedAdapter(settings),
OpticalForwardModelMcxAdapter(settings)
]
simulate(pipeline, settings, RSOMExplorerP50(element_spacing_mm=1.0))
if Tags.WAVELENGTH in settings:
WAVELENGTH = settings[Tags.WAVELENGTH]
else:
WAVELENGTH = 700
if VISUALIZE:
visualise_data(path_manager.get_hdf5_file_save_path() + "/" + "SegmentationTest" + ".hdf5", WAVELENGTH)


We are an online museum dedicated to bringing classic video games and their origins back out into the light. We look over some of the brief histories of some of gaming's biggest names such as Nintendo, PlayStation, and more as soon as we add them. We also cover a bit about classic video games and their origins, sometimes even talking about how they relate to modern day video games if a link is there to be made.
We started in 2014 in order to give the world a better understanding of one of today's most popular sources of entertainment, and we hope to be around for many years to come bringing more information to you. We here at Retro-Spective hope to share our love of gaming and the roots of our favorite games with you. We are also open to information donations. Donate us information with any sources you used to collect it, and we will put you in the references under "Donors".


The weekly Link Mash is a curated selection of tools, stories, and other links that I found during my travels on the web. All of my links can be found on my Pinboard; you can also find the Link Mash archives here.
- babun/babun. A “linux-like console on a Windows host without a lot of fuzz…” Great to see Windows shells getting some love.
- The Silver Searcher: Better than Ack. Searching text files quickly is a big deal. This is the most impressive tool I’ve seen in a long time.
- Each Week, Two Anonymous Students Named Dangerdust Create This Amazing Chalkboard Art. Simply amazing.
- Crazy Dude Builds Fully Automatic Wolverine Claws In His Garage. Because, why not???
- import.io | Free Structured Web Data Scraping Tool. A very cool app; you need to see it to believe it.
- Using Trello Like a Boss. A great collection of Trello tips, tricks, and ideas.
- Seven Unsung Built-In Gems of Mac OS X. I usually don’t buy into these type of “did you know?” tech articles, but this list of OS X “gems” is actually quite surprising.
- rupa/z. Tracks your most used directories, based on ‘frequency’ and allows you to get back to them easily.
- Painless Vim. A great, easy-to-understand guide to vim for beginners.
- Geeknote – Evernote console client for Linux, FreeBSD, OS X. Evernote on the command line?? Yes please.
- The Most Common Two Minute Emails You Can Deal With Right Away. “According to GTD methodology, if something takes you less than two minutes, you should do it immediately — any more, and it goes on your to-do list.” This is a great reminder.
- How digital detectives deciphered Stuxnet, the most menacing malware in history. Recently re-read this article; beyond being fascinating, it is especially potent given the recent activity of the NSA.
This Link Mash was generated by PinPress, a simple tool to generate text templates from Pinboard data.


1 Paul and Timotheus, the servants of Jesus Christ, to all the saints in Christ Jesus which are at Philippi, with the bishops and deacons:
2 Grace be unto you, and peace, from God our Father, and from the Lord Jesus Christ.
3 I thank my God upon every remembrance of you,
4 Always in every prayer of mine for you all making request with joy,
5 For your fellowship in the gospel from the first day until now;
6 Being confident of this very thing, that he which hath begun a good work in you will perform it until the day of Jesus Christ:
7 Even as it is meet for me to think this of you all, because I have you in my heart; inasmuch as both in my bonds, and in the defence and confirmation of the gospel, ye all are partakers of my grace.
8 For God is my record, how greatly I long after you all in the bowels of Jesus Christ.
9 And this I pray, that your love may abound yet more and more in knowledge and in all judgment;
10 That ye may approve things that are excellent; that ye may be sincere and without offence till the day of Christ;
11 Being filled with the fruits of righteousness, which are by Jesus Christ, unto the glory and praise of God.
12 But I would ye should understand, brethren, that the things which happened unto me have fallen out rather unto the furtherance of the gospel;
13 So that my bonds in Christ are manifest in all the palace, and in all other places;
14 And many of the brethren in the Lord, waxing confident by my bonds, are much more bold to speak the word without fear.
15 Some indeed preach Christ even of envy and strife; and some also of good will:
16 The one preach Christ of contention, not sincerely, supposing to add affliction to my bonds:
17 But the other of love, knowing that I am set for the defence of the gospel.
18 What then? notwithstanding, every way, whether in pretence, or in truth, Christ is preached; and I therein do rejoice, yea, and will rejoice.
19 For I know that this shall turn to my salvation through your prayer, and the supply of the Spirit of Jesus Christ,
20 According to my earnest expectation and my hope, that in nothing I shall be ashamed, but that with all boldness, as always, so now also Christ shall be magnified in my body, whether it be by life, or by death.
21 For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain.
22 But if I live in the flesh, this is the fruit of my labour: yet what I shall choose I wot not.
23 For I am in a strait betwixt two, having a desire to depart, and to be with Christ; which is far better:
24 Nevertheless to abide in the flesh is more needful for you.
25 And having this confidence, I know that I shall abide and continue with you all for your furtherance and joy of faith;
26 That your rejoicing may be more abundant in Jesus Christ for me by my coming to you again.
27 Only let your conversation be as it becometh the gospel of Christ: that whether I come and see you, or else be absent, I may hear of your affairs, that ye stand fast in one spirit, with one mind striving together for the faith of the gospel;
28 And in nothing terrified by your adversaries: which is to them an evident token of perdition, but to you of salvation, and that of God.
29 For unto you it is given in the behalf of Christ, not only to believe on him, but also to suffer for his sake;
30 Having the same conflict which ye saw in me, and now hear to be in me.
1 If there be therefore any consolation in Christ, if any comfort of love, if any fellowship of the Spirit, if any bowels and mercies,
2 Fulfil ye my joy, that ye be likeminded, having the same love, being of one accord, of one mind.
3 Let nothing be done through strife or vainglory; but in lowliness of mind let each esteem other better than themselves.
4 Look not every man on his own things, but every man also on the things of others.
5 Let this mind be in you, which was also in Christ Jesus:
6 Who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God:
7 But made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men:
8 And being found in fashion as a man, he humbled himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross.
9 Wherefore God also hath highly exalted him, and given him a name which is above every name:
10 That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth;
11 And that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.
12 Wherefore, my beloved, as ye have always obeyed, not as in my presence only, but now much more in my absence, work out your own salvation with fear and trembling.
13 For it is God which worketh in you both to will and to do of his good pleasure.
14 Do all things without murmurings and disputings:
15 That ye may be blameless and harmless, the sons of God, without rebuke, in the midst of a crooked and perverse nation, among whom ye shine as lights in the world;
16 Holding forth the word of life; that I may rejoice in the day of Christ, that I have not run in vain, neither laboured in vain.
17 Yea, and if I be offered upon the sacrifice and service of your faith, I joy, and rejoice with you all.
18 For the same cause also do ye joy, and rejoice with me.
19 But I trust in the Lord Jesus to send Timotheus shortly unto you, that I also may be of good comfort, when I know your state.
20 For I have no man likeminded, who will naturally care for your state.
21 For all seek their own, not the things which are Jesus Christ's.
22 But ye know the proof of him, that, as a son with the father, he hath served with me in the gospel.
23 Him therefore I hope to send presently, so soon as I shall see how it will go with me.
24 But I trust in the Lord that I also myself shall come shortly.
25 Yet I supposed it necessary to send to you Epaphroditus, my brother, and companion in labour, and fellowsoldier, but your messenger, and he that ministered to my wants.
26 For he longed after you all, and was full of heaviness, because that ye had heard that he had been sick.
27 For indeed he was sick nigh unto death: but God had mercy on him; and not on him only, but on me also, lest I should have sorrow upon sorrow.
28 I sent him therefore the more carefully, that, when ye see him again, ye may rejoice, and that I may be the less sorrowful.
29 Receive him therefore in the Lord with all gladness; and hold such in reputation:
30 Because for the work of Christ he was nigh unto death, not regarding his life, to supply your lack of service toward me.
1 Finally, my brethren, rejoice in the Lord. To write the same things to you, to me indeed is not grievous, but for you it is safe.
2 Beware of dogs, beware of evil workers, beware of the concision.
3 For we are the circumcision, which worship God in the spirit, and rejoice in Christ Jesus, and have no confidence in the flesh.
4 Though I might also have confidence in the flesh. If any other man thinketh that he hath whereof he might trust in the flesh, I more:
5 Circumcised the eighth day, of the stock of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, an Hebrew of the Hebrews; as touching the law, a Pharisee;
6 Concerning zeal, persecuting the church; touching the righteousness which is in the law, blameless.
7 But what things were gain to me, those I counted loss for Christ.
8 Yea doubtless, and I count all things but loss for the excellency of the knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord: for whom I have suffered the loss of all things, and do count them but dung, that I may win Christ,
9 And be found in him, not having mine own righteousness, which is of the law, but that which is through the faith of Christ, the righteousness which is of God by faith:
10 That I may know him, and the power of his resurrection, and the fellowship of his sufferings, being made conformable unto his death;
11 If by any means I might attain unto the resurrection of the dead.
12 Not as though I had already attained, either were already perfect: but I follow after, if that I may apprehend that for which also I am apprehended of Christ Jesus.
13 Brethren, I count not myself to have apprehended: but this one thing I do, forgetting those things which are behind, and reaching forth unto those things which are before,
14 I press toward the mark for the prize of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus.
15 Let us therefore, as many as be perfect, be thus minded: and if in any thing ye be otherwise minded, God shall reveal even this unto you.
16 Nevertheless, whereto we have already attained, let us walk by the same rule, let us mind the same thing.
17 Brethren, be followers together of me, and mark them which walk so as ye have us for an ensample.
18 (For many walk, of whom I have told you often, and now tell you even weeping, that they are the enemies of the cross of Christ:
19 Whose end is destruction, whose God is their belly, and whose glory is in their shame, who mind earthly things.)
20 For our conversation is in heaven; from whence also we look for the Saviour, the Lord Jesus Christ:
21 Who shall change our vile body, that it may be fashioned like unto his glorious body, according to the working whereby he is able even to subdue all things unto himself.
1 Therefore, my brethren dearly beloved and longed for, my joy and crown, so stand fast in the Lord, my dearly beloved.
2 I beseech Euodias, and beseech Syntyche, that they be of the same mind in the Lord.
3 And I intreat thee also, true yokefellow, help those women which laboured with me in the gospel, with Clement also, and with other my fellowlabourers, whose names are in the book of life.
4 Rejoice in the Lord alway: and again I say, Rejoice.
5 Let your moderation be known unto all men. The Lord is at hand.
6 Be careful for nothing; but in every thing by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known unto God.
7 And the peace of God, which passeth all understanding, shall keep your hearts and minds through Christ Jesus.
8 Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things.
9 Those things, which ye have both learned, and received, and heard, and seen in me, do: and the God of peace shall be with you.
10 But I rejoiced in the Lord greatly, that now at the last your care of me hath flourished again; wherein ye were also careful, but ye lacked opportunity.
11 Not that I speak in respect of want: for I have learned, in whatsoever state I am, therewith to be content.
12 I know both how to be abased, and I know how to abound: every where and in all things I am instructed both to be full and to be hungry, both to abound and to suffer need.
13 I can do all things through Christ which strengtheneth me.
14 Notwithstanding ye have well done, that ye did communicate with my affliction.
15 Now ye Philippians know also, that in the beginning of the gospel, when I departed from Macedonia, no church communicated with me as concerning giving and receiving, but ye only.
16 For even in Thessalonica ye sent once and again unto my necessity.
17 Not because I desire a gift: but I desire fruit that may abound to your account.
18 But I have all, and abound: I am full, having received of Epaphroditus the things which were sent from you, an odour of a sweet smell, a sacrifice acceptable, wellpleasing to God.
19 But my God shall supply all your need according to his riches in glory by Christ Jesus.
20 Now unto God and our Father be glory for ever and ever. Amen.
21 Salute every saint in Christ Jesus. The brethren which are with me greet you.
22 All the saints salute you, chiefly they that are of Caesar's household.
23 The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen.
It was written to the Philippians from Rome by Epaphroditus.
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