Teams: Wehrmacht vs. Red Army
Place: Seelow, Germany
Type of Combat: Medium to long range combat
Seelow is a very large multiplayer map in Call of Duty: World at War.
It takes place in the Eastern Front, featuring four Tanks, two on each side. It is a good map for snipers, and has plenty of spots to accommodate their playstyle. There are several houses in various stages of disrepair that are used by snipers but the views are hindered by the railroad in many cases.
There are three distinct sections in this map, two large, open sides and a central hill with a railroad bridge and small tunnel network that divides them. The first side, which is typically the Soviet spawn in games of Team Deathmatch, is characterized by two large barns, one in the southern end of the map and the other to the northwest (of this side of the map) near the hill that leads up to the railroad bridge, a damaged house partially surrounded by a stone wall in the center which has a large wheat field around it that is often mined with Bouncing Betties or used as a hiding location for snipers and "campers", and a mill-like structure with a waterwheel to the east near the river that flows under the bridge.
The other side of the map, which is typically the Wehrmacht spawn in games of Team Deathmatch, is divided up into several large wheat fields (which are often used in a similar manner to the wheat field on the opposite side of the map separated by a series of dirt roads with farmhouses and other structures, particularly one large barn to the northern end of the map (often used by snipers).
The Central hill area which is dominated by the railroad bridge that provides an adequate sniping location against both sides of the map. There is also two tunnels that connect both sides of the map and meet in a central room (campers often hide here as well). There are also two open tunnels through the hill, one of which has a small stream flowing through it.
In Search and Destroy, players usually try to snipe in their spawn at the beginning to score easy kills. However these people are also are in very high risk due to counter-sniping. The team spawning on the hillside has a greater risk of being spawn-sniped as they are exposed from the start, and if some players decide to take cover at the railroad, they can easily be shot in the back as they sprint uphill.
As this map is so vast in Search and Destroy the distance between the two teams spawnpoints is less than half the distance of the map as the offensive team spawn on the downslope of the hill on the same side of the hill as the enemy team. This is unique for any map on multiplayer and means the map is effectively split in half with players extremely rarely going to the other side of the map beyond the railroad bridge, though this location is often frequented by snipers.
Seelow is mainly a long to medium range weapon map, with the added firepower of tanks.
Using the tanks from the spawn, without using the mounted MGs, a coordinated team with a sniper covering from behind, and the rest of the team running with the tanks, can be very effective in holding down the bridge. The use of tanks is vital, and it is recommended to have one player with Satchel Charges or an M9A1 Bazooka with Fireworks and Sticky Grenades, to eliminate the enemies' tanks as well.
Snipers, with the aid of the tanks captured at the spawn, and mounted MGs, such as the M1919 or MG42, can barricade one building and almost effortlessly destroy the enemy team, especially in killing-based games.
On Ground War, filling all the tanks (there are 3 in this game mode) with 2 people, and having the last three cover them from enemies trying to destroy them, can also be a very effective tactic.
There are also at least four different trees that the player can jump into, three of which are great sniping spots. On Domination, one tree is near one of the flags and another tree has complete visibility of another flag.
The tunnels can be easily traversed to get to the other side without the hassle of tanks.
Although there is not a lot of splash damage from the tank's main gun, getting caught in the open can be dangerous.
If possible, grab the tanks on the other team's spawn, it can be devastating. Also use anti-tank weapons to deal with incoming tanks.
Use teamwork with the tanks. Combine firepower onto one tank at a time.


Name
Mr Joe Bloggs
Address
30 Forest Rd, Northallerton, DL6 1JZ
D.O.B.
02/03/1975
NHS No.
6253768891
- Matches
- Possible matches
| Reference | Sent | Respond | Balance | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 623456789 | 03/12/2017 | 02/04/2018 | £68.60 | Open |
| 523456789 | 01/02/2018 | 02/04/2018 | £68.60 | Open |
| 323456789 | 02/06/2017 | 01/08/2017 | £118.60 | Closed: Exeptional Circs |
| 223456789 | 02/04/2017 | 01/06/2017 | £118.60 | Closed: Exeptional Circs |
| 123456789 | 01/02/2017 | 02/04/2017 | £118.60 | Closed: Exeptional Circs |
| Reference | Name | Address | Postcode | Status |
|---|
PCN 423456789: Held
Items
1
Prescription
£8.60
Penalty
£60
Surcharge
£50
Balance
£118.60
Paid
£0
Sent
02/12/2017
Respond
31/01/2018
Exemption
(E) Medical exemption
DWP checked
No
Dispenser
FRN15
Evidence not seen?
No
Prescribed date
02/11/2017
Dispensed month end date
02/11/2017
- Notes
- Transactions
| Date | User | Amount | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| 02/08/2017 | System | £68.60 | Payment request |
| 01/10/2017 | System | £50 | Surcharge added |
| Date | Agent | Comments | 02/10/2017 | Elaine | Cust says they are suffering a fam grievance. Case held for proof of death certificate |
|---|


---
layout: post
title: Updating adafruit.io ESP8266 MQTT code
date: '2017-07-16T10:23:00.003-07:00'
author: gojimmypi
tags:
- MQTT
- ESP8266
- Adafruit.IO
- Arduino
- Adafruit
modified_time: '2017-07-23T11:05:26.305-07:00'
thumbnail: https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-TfwQmELo0_s/WWuiKkiXGfI/AAAAAAAAAko/xQ4g3tk9VHsjOsrcaOK2OXXD3QVXXVNVwCLcBGAs/s72-c/adafruitio%2Bupdate%2Bnotice.PNG
blogger_id: tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4109066286647243251.post-6152173211825373729
blogger_orig_url: https://gojimmypi.blogspot.com/2017/07/updating-adafruitio-esp8266-mqtt-code.html
---
While working on my flow and pressure project, I stumbled upon a notice that Adafruit planned to change the SSL info for adafruit.io
. I had been using this (beta) site for mqtt telemetry. And so today... sure enough: my code is broken & no longer connecting.
const char* fingerprint = "26 96 1C 2A 51 07 FD 15 80 96 93 AE F7 32 CE B9 0D 01 55 C4";
No luck there, as the fingerprint did not change - but the declarative name did. <sigh> Well, so the github repository is here
. But I have been blissfully ignorant of exactly where everything is stored. A mixed blessing in allowing me focusing on my code, but sometimes scary in not knowing how everything works. Alas no-one can know everything. So back to the ESP8266 crutch: The Arduino IDE! Click Sketch - Include Library - Manage Libraries. (it is the top-most menu item). Find the installed adafruit mqtt library and click update!AIO_SSL_FINGERPRINT
and the old one with fingerprint
, and there's no compile error without the AIO_SSL_FINGERPRINT
. So ya, there appears to be a new include file: adafruitio_definition
. I have no such file on my entire system. Well, seems that the Arduino IDE was not successful in getting the really latest adafruit mqtt library.
Next, I saw this error:
AdafruitIO.h: 22:31: fatal error: ArduinoHttpClient.h: No such file or directory
#include "ArduinoHttpClient.h"
compilation terminated
Seems that the latest Adafruit MQTT also needs the new (apparently experimental at this time) ArduinoHttpClient library. So I installed that from Arduino IDE as well. And restarted Visual Studio. So ya, just as described here
. (once you kow that the Arduino IO library is required by new new MQTT.


public interface RFReaderInterface
| Modifier and Type | Interface and Description |
|---|---|
static class |
RFReaderInterface.InventoryMode |
static class |
RFReaderInterface.TransceiveMode |
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
static int |
mLock |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
NFCTag.NfcTagTypes |
decodeTagType(byte[] uid)
decodeTagType must return the type of the tag specified by the given uid + set the reader
in the proper mode of operation for this tag
|
byte[] |
getLastTransceivedData()
Provides the last command run when the transceive mode was set to RECORD
If no command was recorded, returns an empty byte array (new byte[] {}).
|
int |
getMaxReceiveLengthInBytes() |
int |
getMaxTransmitLengthInBytes() |
java.lang.String[] |
getTechList(byte[] uid) |
java.util.List<byte[]> |
getTransceivedData()
Provides the commands run since the transceive mode was set to RECORD
|
RFReaderInterface.TransceiveMode |
getTransceiveMode() |
java.util.List<byte[]> |
inventory(RFReaderInterface.InventoryMode mode)
Returns a list of detected tags.
|
void |
setTransceiveMode(RFReaderInterface.TransceiveMode mode)
Sets transceive to the specified mode
NORMAL: Send RF command and returns data from tag
EVAL: the transceive command will throw a TRANSCEIVE_EVAL_MODE STException and set
data corresponding to the frame sent by the reader
RECORD: the transceive command will be excuted and the
data corresponding to the frame sent by the reader is saved
|
byte[] |
transceive(java.lang.Object obj,
java.lang.String commandName,
byte[] data) |
static final int mLock
byte[] transceive(java.lang.Object obj, java.lang.String commandName, byte[] data) throws STException
obj
- object shared between the application and the reader implementationcommandName
- commandNamedata
- data to transceiveSTException
- When the reader is in EVAL mode, the transceive() method must throw
a TRANSCEIVE_EVAL_MODE STException along with the frame associated to the commandvoid setTransceiveMode(RFReaderInterface.TransceiveMode mode)
mode
- java.util.List<byte[]> getTransceivedData()
mode
- byte[] getLastTransceivedData()
mode
- RFReaderInterface.TransceiveMode getTransceiveMode()
NFCTag.NfcTagTypes decodeTagType(byte[] uid) throws STException
uid
- byte arraySTException
java.lang.String[] getTechList(byte[] uid)
int getMaxTransmitLengthInBytes()
int getMaxReceiveLengthInBytes()
java.util.List<byte[]> inventory(RFReaderInterface.InventoryMode mode) throws STException
mode
- allows the reader to switch between different ISO/NFC standards
such as NFC Type 4 or NFC Type 5STException
COPYRIGHT 2017 STMicroelectronics. All rights reserved.


JavaBot Documentation
Adding a function to be called during an event:
bot.events.add(sect, priority, flags, sub1, func1, sub2, func2 ...)
-
Arguments
-
sect
-
one of the sections listed in "Events" documentation
-
priority
-
When the functions listed should be called in relation to other functions
-
Default is 0. Set negative if function should be called earlier, positive if later.
-
flags
-
1
-
Default function. If there are other functions for this event, will not be called.
-
-1
-
Event calls are stopped after this function is called
Raising an event:
bot.events.call(sect, sub, *args, **kwargs)
*args and **kwargs are passed to each function that is during the event.
Events
IO
send (string msg): When a message is sent to Battle.net
addchat (style1, text1, style2, text2 ...): Bot is adding chat
input (str query, func ret_func): Functions for this event should query the user for information, then call ret_func, passing the user input as an argument
-
bot
-
load_config
-
The bot wants all plugins to reload configuration
-
configure
-
(list settings)
-
When a config window wants config display information
-
Dictionary for each displayed plugin listed in settings variable:
-
(This is confusing. I find it best to look at another function that handles this as an example)
-
caption
-
Caption displayed on tab
file: File that new settings should be saved to
title: Section where new settings should be saved
dict: Configuration values where config format entries don't specify
settings: list of dictionaries containing individual settings formats
Dictionary for each setting:
key: setting name as it will be saved in config file
type: (tuple) type of setting this is (possible values: text, checkbox, list)
For lists:
Next item in the tuple is a list containing choices that should be listed
caption: What the label next to the setting should read


SHOW PROCEDURE
Shows the definition of a given stored procedure, including its signature. You can use the output of a SHOW PROCEDURE to recreate the stored procedure.
Syntax
SHOW PROCEDURE sp_name [( [ [ argname ] [ argmode ] argtype [, ...] ] )]
Parameters
- sp_name
-
The name of the procedure to show.
- [argname] [ argmode] argtype
-
Input argument types to identify the stored procedure. Optionally, you can include the full argument data types, including OUT arguments. This part is optional if the name of the stored procedure is unique (that is, not overloaded).
Examples
The following example shows the definition of the procedure test_spl2
.
show procedure test_sp2(int, varchar); Stored Procedure Definition ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE public.test_sp2(f1 integer, INOUT f2 character varying, OUT character varying) LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $_$ DECLARE out_var alias for $3; loop_var int; BEGIN IF f1 is null OR f2 is null THEN RAISE EXCEPTION 'input cannot be null'; END IF; CREATE TEMP TABLE etl(a int, b varchar); FOR loop_var IN 1..f1 LOOP insert into etl values (loop_var, f2); f2 := f2 || '+' || f2; END LOOP; SELECT INTO out_var count(*) from etl; END; $_$ (1 row)


Keyboard Shortcuts
Visualization
⌘1
Show the Chart View
⌘2
Show the Statistics View
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Show the Comparison View
⌘4
Show the Log View
⌘I
Show the Battery Inspector
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Show the Session Inspector
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Toggle Sidebar
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Toggle Sessions Browser
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Zoom to fit
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Shift left
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⇧⌘E
Export Session as CSV (MS Excel)
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Open log in Console
Sharing
⌃C
Connect remote battery
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Disconnect remote battery
⇧⌃D
Disconnect all remote batteries
⌘B
Get shared data
⌥⌘B
Share your data
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Diagnostics
⌘Y
Stop/Resume monitoring
⌥⌘K
Clear Log
⌥⌘T
Reset Battery Timer
Miscellaneous
⌥⌘E
Open Energy Saver


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Our equipment use only the highest materials possible. This will increase the longevity of your purchase.
We make sure you receive your equipment as soon as we have finished making it. We also provide free returns if you are not satisfied.
For every purchase you make, we will ensure there are no damages or faults with your equipment.


3 Multinomial Distribution
This chapter focuses on the multinomial distribution which we will use to model the probability of words in a document. Similar to the previous chapter, we will cover the conjugate prior for the multinomial distributoin, the Dirichlet distribution.
3.1 Comparison of Dice vs. Words
The premise of Chapter 2 was to lay a foundation for understanding the multinomial distribution. We are now familiar with the binomial distribution which is actually a special case of the multinomial distribution where the number of possible outcomes is 2. A multinomial distribution can have 2 or more outcomes and therefore is normally shown through examples using a 6-sided die. Instead of using a die with numbers on each side, let’s label the sides with the following words:
“Latent” “Dirichlet” “Allocation” “has” “many” “peices”
In the example above, we assume it is a fair die which would result in equal probabilities of ‘rolling’ any of the 6 unique words. Therefore each word has a probability of being randomly sampled from the die of 1/6.
Below is an empirical example where we take each word and assign it to a single side of a fair die. The experiment, a single roll of the die, is repeated 10,000 times. We can see each word comes up at roughly the same frequency.
# draw 1000 samples from multinomial distribution
outcomes <- replicate(10000, which(rmultinom(1,1,rep(1/6,6))==1))
words <- unlist(strsplit("Latent Dirichlet Allocation has many peices", ' '))
ds <- data.frame(id = outcomes, word = sapply(outcomes, function(x)words[x]))
ggplot(ds, aes(x= word)) + geom_histogram(stat='count',color='#1A384A', fill='#7A99AC') +
scale_x_discrete(labels = words) +
theme_minimal()
Quick Note:
Let’s think of how this will be used in the case of LDA. If I wanted to generate a document based on a model, I could use a multinomial distribution to determine what words would be in the document. If I knew the probability of a word I could use the example above to draw a new word with each sample. Obviously some words occur much more often than others, so the ‘fair die’ example wouldn’t work for generation of document. In later sections we will build on this concept, but its good to start thinking about how this extends to applications in language.
3.2 How Multinomial and Bernoulli Relate
The probability mass function for the multinomial distribution is shown in Equation (3.1):
\[ \begin{equation} f(x)=\dfrac{n!}{x_1!x_2!\cdots x_k!}\theta_1^{x_1} \theta_2^{x_2} \cdots \theta_k^{x_k} \tag{3.1} \end{equation} \]
- k - number of sides on the die
- n - number of times the die will be rolled
The multinomial representation of the distributions we’ve already discussed, binomial and bernoulli, would use the following parameters:
- k sided die rolled n times
- n = 1, k = 2 is bernoulli distribution: coin has 2 sides and we are only concerned with single experiments
- n > 1 , k = 2 is binomial distribution: coin has 2 sides, but we are concerned with the probability of the outcome of a series of flips.
To help illustrate the relationship between Bernoulli and Multinomial distributions we need to recall the bernoulli probability mass function shown in Equation (3.2).
\[ \begin{equation} f(x)=P(X=x)=\theta^{x}(1-\theta)^{1-x}, \hspace{1cm} x = \{0,1\} \tag{3.2} \end{equation} \] Let’s swap in some different terms. We can replace the first term, \(\theta\), with \(\theta_{1}\) and the second term, \((1-\theta)\) as \(\theta_{2}\). This can be thought of as \(\theta_{heads}\) and \(\theta_{tails}\) for our coin flip example.
\[ \begin{equation} f(x)={\theta_{1}}^{x_{1}}{\theta_{2}}^{x_{2}} \\ \tag{3.3} \end{equation} \]
You can see this looks a bit more like the multinomial PDF,Equation (3.2), but the factorial terms are not present. In this case k=2 and n=1 and x’s can only have a value of 1 or zero. The values of a bernoulli distribution are plugged into the multinomial PDF in Equation (3.4). Factorial of n in the numerator is always 1 since it is a single trial, i.e. n=1, and the denominator is also always 1 since our only possible outcomes are 0 and 1 (heads or tails). Once we simplify, we see the relationship that was stated previously: the bernoulli distribution is a special case of the multinomial distribution.
\[ \begin{equation} \begin{aligned} f(x)&=\dfrac{n!}{x_1!x_2!\cdots x_k!}\theta_1^{x_1} \theta_2^{x_2} \cdots \theta_k^{x_k} \\ f(x)&=\dfrac{1}{1}\theta_1^{x_1} \theta_2^{x_2} \\ f(x)&={\theta_{1}}^{x_{1}}{\theta_{2}}^{x_{2}} \end{aligned} \tag{3.4} \end{equation} \]
3.3 Conjugate Prior: Dirichlet
The conjugate prior for the multinomial distribution is the Dirichlet distribution. Similar to the beta distribution, Dirichlet can be thought of as a distribution of distributions. Also note that the beta distribution is the special case of a Dirichlet distribution where the number of possible outcome is 2. This is similar to the relationship between the binomial and multinomial distributions.
The probability distribution function for the Dirichlet distribution is shown in Equation (3.5).
\[ \begin{equation} Dir(\overrightarrow{\theta}|\overrightarrow{\alpha})= { {\Gamma {\bigl (}\sum _{i=1}^{K}\alpha _{i}{\bigr )}} \over{\prod _{i=1}^{K}\Gamma (\alpha _{i})} } \prod _{i=1}^{K}\theta_{i}^{\alpha _{i}-1} \tag{3.5} \end{equation} \]
Equation (3.5) is often written using the Beta function in place of the first term as seen below:
\[ Dir(\overrightarrow{\theta}|\overrightarrow{\alpha})= { 1 \over B(\alpha) } \prod _{i=1}^{K}\theta_{i}^{\alpha _{i}-1} \]
Where: \[ {1\over B(\alpha)}={ {\Gamma {\bigl (}\sum _{i=1}^{K}\alpha _{i}{\bigr )}} \over{\prod _{i=1}^{K}\Gamma (\alpha _{i})} } \]
The Dirichlet distribution is an extension of the beta distribution for k categories, similar to the relationship between multinomial and bernoulli distributions. To get a better sense of what the distributions look like, let’s visualize a few examples at k=3. In both of the box plots below 10,000 random samples were drawn from a Dirichlet distribution where k=3 and \(\alpha\) is the same for each k in the given plot. The first plot shows the distribution of values drawn when \(\alpha\) = 100.
alpha <- c(100,100,100)
trials <- 10000
x <- rdirichlet(trials, alpha)
colnames(x) <- c('theta_1', 'theta_2', 'theta_3')
ds <- cbind(as.tibble(x), trial = 1:trials) %>%
gather(theta, word, -trial)
ggplot(ds, aes(color = theta, fill = theta, x = theta, y = word)) + geom_boxplot(alpha = 0.3) +
theme_minimal() +
labs(y='\U03B8', x = '', title = paste0("\U03B1 = ",unique(alpha)) ) +
scale_x_discrete(labels = c(expression("\U03B1"[1]),
expression("\U03B1"[2]),
expression("\U03B1"[3]))) +
scale_fill_discrete(guide = FALSE) +
scale_color_discrete(guide = FALSE)+
scale_y_continuous(limits = c(0,1))
Below the process is repeated, but this time the \(\alpha\) values are set to 1 for each category. We can see the range of distribution of values sampled with the higher \(\alpha\) value is much narrower than the distribution of values sampled using \(\alpha\) values of 1. This is the same pattern we saw with the beta distribution; as the shape parameters increased the distribution became more dense and the shape of the distribution narrowed.
alpha <- c(1,1,1)
x <- rdirichlet(trials, alpha)
colnames(x) <- c('theta_1', 'theta_2', 'theta_3')
ds <- cbind(as.tibble(x), trial = 1:trials) %>%
gather(theta, word, -trial)
ggplot(ds, aes(color = theta, fill = theta, x = theta, y = word)) + geom_boxplot(alpha = 0.3) +
theme_minimal() +
labs(y='\U03B8', x = '', title = paste0("\U03B1 = ",unique(alpha)) ) +
scale_x_discrete(labels = c(expression("\U03B1"[1]),
expression("\U03B1"[2]),
expression("\U03B1"[3]))) +
scale_fill_discrete(guide = FALSE) +
scale_color_discrete(guide = FALSE) +
scale_y_continuous(limits = c(0,1))
So what happens when the \(\alpha\) values are not the same, i.e. the distribution is asymmetrical? In the histogram below, we see the distribution of values sampled from the dirichlet distribution for each category. The distribution of samples for each category (\(\alpha_{i}\) value), are approximately centered at the ratio of the \(\alpha_{i}\) value to the sum of all \(\alpha\) values. This is similar to the shift of the beta distribution when using hyperparameters that were unequal (see Figure 2.3).
alpha <- c(10,50,20)
alpha_prop <- alpha/sum(alpha)
x <- rdirichlet(trials, alpha)
colnames(x) <- c('theta_1', 'theta_2', 'theta_3')
ds <- cbind(as.tibble(x), trial = 1:trials) %>%
gather(theta, word, -trial)
ggplot(ds, aes(color = theta, fill=theta, x = word)) + geom_histogram(position='identity', alpha = 0.1) +
# geom_line(stat='density') +
theme_minimal() +
labs(x = "\U03B8", y = "Count") +
scale_color_discrete(label = alpha,
name = "\U03B1" ) +
scale_fill_discrete(label = alpha,
name = "\U03B1" )
3.4 Gibbs Sampling - Multinomial & Dirichlet
Prior to getting into an example of Gibbs sampling as it applies to inferring the parameters of a multinomial distribution, let’s first describe a model which generates words for a single document. As you can imagine this would be modeled as a multinomial distribution with parameters \(\overrightarrow{\theta} = \theta_{1}, \theta_{2}, ... \theta_{n}\) for words 1 to n. The model would be capable of generating a bag of words representation of a document. The term ‘bag of words’ refers to words in no particular order, i.e. the document we would be generating would not have structured sentences, but would contain all the components of the document. The model will be used to generate a document using a limited vocabulary, only 3 distinct words: 📘,📕,📗.
First we are going to create a seed document which I will refer to as an ideal document. The document is used as a basis of our \(\alpha\)’s for our prior described by the Dirichlet distribution. To create this document we first define the mixture of words in the document:
- 📘 : 10%
- 📕 : 10%
- 📗 : 80%
To clarify, this means the document will contain 80% blue books, 10% green books, and 10% red books:
# use letters function as your vocabulary
v <- c('red', 'green', 'blue')
nwords <- 10
doc_theta <- c(.1, .1, .8)
document<-rep(v, doc_theta*nwords)
books <- tibble(label = c('blue', 'red', 'green'),
code = c('\U1F4D8', '\U1F4D5', '\U1F4D7'))
cat(sapply(document, function(x) books$code[which(books$label == x)]))
## 📕 📗 📘 📘 📘 📘 📘 📘 📘 📘
Do you recall the beta/bernoulli example? The way we informed our prior was using some prior information we had, i.e. the number of heads and tails previously obtained from flipping the two coins. We will use the document above as the basis of our \(\alpha\) paramters for the Dirichlet distribution, i.e. our prior for the multinomial. In more general language, we want to generate documents similar to our ‘ideal’ document.
So let’s generate a new document using the word counts from our ideal document as our \(\alpha\) values for the dirichlet prior. Then we use the \(\theta\) values generated by the dirichlet prior as the parameters for a multinomial distribution to generate the next term in the document.
words <- document
word_counts <- table(words)
alphas <- word_counts
new_doc <- rep('', nwords)
for(i in 1:nwords){
set.seed(i)
p = rdirichlet(1,alphas)
set.seed(i)
new_doc[i] <- names(word_counts)[which(rmultinom(1, 1, p) == 1)]
}
cat('\n', sapply(new_doc, function(x) books$code[which(books$label == x)]))
##
## 📘 📘 📘 📘 📘 📘 📕 📘 📘 📘
It’s not quite the same as the original, but that should be expected. This is a model that generates documents probabalistically based on some prior information. So let’s make a few more documents and see how this changes.
word_counts <- table(words)
alphas <- word_counts
nwords <- 10
ndocs <- 5
word_encodings <- tibble(label = c('blue', 'red', 'green'),
code = c('\U1F4D8', '\U1F4D5', '\U1F4D7'),
word_props = c(.1, .1, .8))
thetas <- rdirichlet(ndocs*nwords, alphas)
print(head(thetas))
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 0.6259047 0.33535589 0.038739455
## [2,] 0.8641536 0.07229474 0.063551631
## [3,] 0.8292271 0.02713615 0.143636766
## [4,] 0.9399257 0.05494752 0.005126745
## [5,] 0.7641922 0.19525569 0.040552159
## [6,] 0.9015058 0.02198210 0.076512137
selected_words <- apply(thetas, 1, function(x) which(rmultinom(1,1,x)==1))
ds <- tibble(doc_id = rep(1:ndocs, each = nwords),
word = word_encodings$label[selected_words],
word_uni = word_encodings$code[selected_words])
ds %>% group_by(doc_id) %>% summarise(
tokens = paste(word_uni, collapse = ' ')
) %>% kable(col.names = c('Document', 'Words'))
| Document | Words |
|---|---|
| 1 | 📘 📕 📘 📘 📕 📘 📕 📕 📘 📘 |
| 2 | 📘 📘 📘 📘 📘 📘 📘 📕 📘 📘 |
| 3 | 📘 📘 📘 📘 📗 📘 📘 📘 📕 📘 |
| 4 | 📘 📘 📗 📕 📘 📘 📘 📘 📘 📘 |
| 5 | 📕 📘 📗 📘 📕 📘 📘 📘 📘 📘 |
As we can see each document composition is similar, but the word counts and order are different each time. This is to be expected as we are using a model with some degree of randomness to generate our documents.
So now onto inferernce ….
The process above is known as a generative model. We created documents using a model with a given set of parameters. Inference is going to take this general concept and look at it from a different angle. Instead of generating documents with our model we are going to take a series of pre-existing documents and infer what model created them. We are going to make the assumption that the structure of the model is the same as the generative example, i.e. all documents are generated based on the same word mixture ratios:
- 📘 : 10%
- 📕 : 10%
- 📗 : 80%
Let’s use the 5 documents we previously generated as our basis and infer the parameters used to generate them via Gibbs sampling.
alphas <- rep(1,nrow(books))
n <- table(ds$word)
niters = 2000
burnin = 500
thetas = matrix(0, nrow = (niters-burnin), ncol=nrow(books),
dimnames = list(NULL, c(names(n))))
for (i in 1:niters){
theta = rdirichlet(1,n+alphas)
if (i >= burnin){
thetas[(i-burnin), ] = theta
}
}
df <- as.tibble(thetas) %>%
gather(word, theta)
ggplot(df, aes(y=theta, x = word, fill=word)) + geom_violin() +
scale_fill_manual(values=c('#0057e7', '#008744','#d62d20'))
3.4.1 Derivation of Gibbs Sampling Solution of Word Distribution (Single Doc)
Below is a general overview of how inferrence can be carried out using Gibbs sampling. Recall a conjugate priors has the same form as the posterior distribution. In equation (3.6) we start with the proportional solution, i.e. no evidence term, for estimating a posterior through sampling. We need the likelihood, which is derived from the multinomial distribution, and the prior, which is derived from the dirichlet distribution. Once we plug in the prior and likelihood and simplify, we find that we are left with a Dirichlet PDF with the input parameters of \(\overrightarrow{\alpha} + \overrightarrow{n}\) where n are the observed word counts.
\[ \begin{equation} \begin{aligned} p(\theta|D) &\propto p(D|\theta)p(\theta)\\ &\propto \prod _{i=1}^{K}\theta^{n(k)} { {\Gamma {\bigl (}\sum _{i=1}^{K}\alpha _{i}{\bigr )}} \over{\prod _{i=1}^{K}\Gamma (\alpha _{i})} } \prod _{i=1}^{K}\theta_{i}^{\alpha _{i}-1} \\ &\propto{ {\Gamma {\bigl (}\sum _{i=1}^{K}\alpha _{i}{\bigr )}} \over{\prod _{i=1}^{K}\Gamma (\alpha _{i})} }\prod _{i=1}^{K}\theta_{i}^{\alpha _{i}+n_{k}-1} \\ &\propto Dir(\overrightarrow{\alpha} + \overrightarrow{n}) \end{aligned} \tag{3.6} \end{equation} \]
We can see our mixture estimates are significantly different from the real model used to generate the documents in Figure 3.6. So why is this? One of the issues here is that our sample are documents with only 10 words. Therefore an average document has 1 📘, 1 📕, and 8 📗, but it is not unusual to see a slight variation which causes mixture shifts of 10% or more. Let’s try the same example, but this time instead of only generating 5 documents we will genertate 500 and use this as our sample to infer the word mixtures from.
word_counts <- table(words)
alphas <- word_counts
nwords <- 10
ndocs <- 500
word_encodings <- tibble(label = c('blue', 'red', 'green'),
code = c('\U1F4D8', '\U1F4D5', '\U1F4D7'),
word_props = c(.1, .1, .8))
thetas <- rdirichlet(ndocs*nwords, alphas)
print(head(thetas))
## [,1] [,2] [,3]
## [1,] 0.5154606 0.40401130 0.08052810
## [2,] 0.8526076 0.12103847 0.02635393
## [3,] 0.7801023 0.14641427 0.07348343
## [4,] 0.8444930 0.06278609 0.09272094
## [5,] 0.7224804 0.11597181 0.16154776
## [6,] 0.8639552 0.01028122 0.12576353
selected_words <- apply(thetas, 1, function(x) which(rmultinom(1,1,x)==1))
ds <- tibble(doc_id = rep(1:ndocs, each = nwords),
word = word_encodings$label[selected_words],
word_uni = word_encodings$code[selected_words])
alphas <- rep(1,nrow(books))
n <- table(ds$word)
head(n)
##
## blue green red
## 4008 507 485
niters = 2000
burnin = 500
thetas = matrix(0, nrow = (niters-burnin), ncol=nrow(books),
dimnames = list(NULL, c(names(n))))
for (i in 1:niters){
theta = rdirichlet(1,n+alphas)
if (i >= burnin){
thetas[(i-burnin), ] = theta
}
}
df <- as.tibble(thetas) %>%
gather(word, theta)
ggplot(df, aes(y=theta, x = word, fill=word)) + geom_violin() +
scale_fill_manual(values=c('#0057e7', '#008744','#d62d20'))
In Figure 3.7 we can see the distribution of estimates are more dense and centered close to the true document word proportion values used to generate the sample documents.


Access control is an important aspect for the security in IT application landscapes. There are two different aspects to distinguish: authentication and authorization.
This part deals with the recommendations on authorization, concretely with the general concept and convention. Details how to implement this with specific libraries, or programming-languages are described in the individual stacks of devonfw.
Authorization
Definition:
Authorization is the verification that an authenticated user is allowed to perform the operation he intends to invoke.
Clarification of terms:
For clarification we also want to give a common understanding of related terms that have no unique definition and consistent usage in the wild.
| Term | Meaning and comment |
|---|---|
Principal |
An entity that can be authenticated e.g. a user, an application |
Permission |
A permission is an object that allows a principal to perform an operation in the system. This permission can be granted (give) or revoked (taken away). Sometimes people also use the term right what is actually wrong as a right (such as the right to be free) can not be revoked. |
Group |
We use the term group in this context for an object that contains permissions. A group may also contain other groups. Then the group represents the set of all recursively contained permissions. |
Role |
We consider a role as a specific form of group that also contains permissions. A role identifies a specific function of a principal. A user can act in a role. For simple scenarios a principal has a single role associated. In more complex situations a principal can have multiple roles but has only one active role at a time that he can choose out of his assigned roles. For KISS it is sometimes sufficient to avoid this by creating multiple accounts for the few users with multiple roles. Otherwise at least avoid switching roles at run-time in clients as this may cause problems with related states. Simply restart the client with the new role as parameter in case the user wants to switch his role. |
Access Control |
Any permission, group, role, etc., which declares a control for access management. |
Suggestions on the access model
For the access model we give the following suggestions:
-
Each Access Control (permission, group, role, …) is uniquely identified by a human readable string.
-
We create a unique permission for each use-case.
-
We define groups that combine permissions to typical and useful sets for the users.
-
We define roles as specific groups as required by our business demands.
-
We allow to associate users with a list of Access Controls.
-
For authorization of an implemented use case we determine the required permission. Furthermore, we determine the current user and verify that the required permission is contained in the tree spanned by all his associated Access Controls. If the user does not have the permission we throw a security exception and thus abort the operation and transaction.
-
We avoid negative permissions, that is a user has no permission by default and only those granted to him explicitly give him additional permission for specific things. Permissions granted can not be reduced by other permissions.
-
Technically we consider permissions as a secret of the application. Administrators shall not fiddle with individual permissions but grant them via groups. So the access management provides a list of strings identifying the Access Controls of a user. The individual application itself contains these Access Controls in a structured way, whereas each group forms a permission tree.
-
Do not use the pattern that defines non-configured permission as no limitation or in other word all permissions.
-
[DB1,DB2] → allow to access DB1 and DB2
-
[] → have no permission at all → good
-
[] → have all permissions → bad
-
Naming conventions
As stated above each Access Control is uniquely identified by a human readable string. This string should follow the naming convention:
«app-id».«local-name»
For Access Control Permissions the «local-name»
again follows the convention:
«verb»«object»
The segments are defined by the following table:
| Segment | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
«app-id» |
Is a unique technical but human readable string of the application (or microservice). It shall not contain special characters and especially no dot or whitespace. We recommend to use |
|
«verb» |
The action that is to be performed on «object». We use |
|
«object» |
The affected object or entity. Shall be named according to your data-model |
|
So as an example shop.FindProduct
will reflect the permission to search and retrieve a Product
in the shop
application. The group shop.ReadMasterData
may combine all permissions to read master-data from the shop
. However, also a group shop.Admin
may exist for the Admin
role of the shop
application. Here the «local-name»
is Admin
that does not follow the «verb»«object»
schema.
Data permissions
In some projects there are demands for permissions and authorization that is dependent on the processed data. E.g. a user may only be allowed to read or write data for a specific region. This is adding some additional complexity to your authorization. If you can avoid this it is always best to keep things simple. However, in various cases this is a requirement. Please clarify the following questions before you make your decisions how to design your access controls:
-
Do you need to separate data-permissions independent of the functional permissions? E.g. may it be required to express that a user can read data from the countries ES and PL but is only permitted to modify data from PL? In such case a single assignment of "country-permissions" to users is insufficient.
-
Do you want to grant data-permissions individually for each application (higher flexibility and complexity) or for the entire application landscape (simplicity, better maintenance for administrators)? In case of the first approach you would rather have access controls like app1.country.GB and app2.country.GB.
-
Do your data-permissions depend on objects that can be created dynamically inside your application?
-
If you want to grant data-permissions on other business objects (entities), how do you want to reference them (primary keys, business keys, etc.)? What reference is most stable? Which is most readable?
If data-permission is the way to go, please checkout our guidance and patterns how to solve this properly.


To combat stack buffer overflows, set an initial canary value on the stack. This value must be unpredictable to ensure that the attacker cannot adjust the attack vector to reflect the canary value. Implement the function int get_canary_value()
which returns a single integer value to be used as the canary value. Verify this value before the function returns. If a buffer overflow attack has occurred, the canary value is changed. Implement another function void check_canary_value (int value)
that validates the canary value and compare it to the original one.
For any function, the stack is the area of memory that contains all local variables and the calling function’s return address.
A stack-based buffer overflow may lead to unauthorized modification of program data, or to changes in the behavior of the application. If the source data length is bigger than the target buffer, then the adjacent memory area is modified as well. Effectively, some local variables and the function’s return address are modified.
The edge of the target buffer is exactly where the canary variable is placed. In case of a buffer overflow, its value is modified as well, so the buffer overflow is easily detected.
If the buffer overflow is undetected, overwriting the function’s return address leads to changing the control flow of the system.
An attacker who has access to the application source code will be able to perform well-targeted, and hence more dangerous, buffer overflow attacks to execute malicious commands or access sensitive data.
The following is an example. Adapt real production code according to your platform specifics.
Implement the int get_canary_value ()
function. This function generates and returns an unpredictable integer value:
static int canary_value__ = -1;
int get_canary_value ()
{
if (canary_value__ == -1) {
/* Intializes random number generator */
time_t t;
srand ((unsigned) time(&t));
/* Generate canary value */
canary_value__ = rand ();
}
/* Return */
return canary_value__;
}
Implement the void check_canary_value (int value)
function. This function verifies the canary value by comparing it to its original value.
void check_canary_value (int value)
{
/* Compare canary value to original */
if (value != canary_value__) {
/* If modified stop the program */
exit (0);
}
}
Initialize the canary variable at the first statement of the function.
void canary_test ()
{
/* initialize canary value */
int canary = get_canary_value ();
After the code above, insert your code which might be affected by a buffer overflow attack.
/* target buffer */
char buffer[100];
/* perform operation which might be the target for attack */
strcpy (&buffer[0], some_malicious_value_provided_by_attacker);
/* after this operation canary value might have changed */
Finally, compare the canary variable to its original value. If the canary value has changed, then an attack has occurred and execution of the application should immediately stop.
/* verify canary value */
check_canary_value (canary);
return;


Eddie Obeid to be released from prison on parole after three years in jail
by Guardian staffFormer Labor NSW MP and powerbroker will have served three years of his five-year sentence for misconduct in public office
The disgraced former New South Wales Labor MP Eddie Obeid has been granted parole after serving three years in prison for his conviction over misconduct in public office.
Obeid was convicted and sentenced in December 2016 to five years in prison with a non-parole period of three years.
The former powerbroker, 76, whose Terrigals subfaction dominated the NSW right, was found guilty of failing to disclose his family’s business interests in cafe leases at Sydney’s Circular Quay at the same time as he was lobbying a senior bureaucrat about the issue.
As well as the 11 standard parole conditions, the State Parole Authority ordered that Obeid “not engage in any activity paid or unpaid involving the control of money or assets of other people or organisations”.
The standard conditions include being of good behaviour, adapting “to normal lawful community life” and complying with directions from a Community Corrections officer. Those directions cover drug and alcohol testing and not associating with specified people or visiting specified places.
Obeid cannot leave NSW or Australia without permission.
Reasons given for the parole decision included the former MP’s age and the fact the sentence was his first time in jail.
Community Corrections also recommended parole in its pre-release report.
Obeid had demonstrated “satisfactory prison performance”, had suitable post-release plans in the community and had limited access to programs and counselling in custody, the SPA said.
The earliest date of his release will be 14 December, it said.


--- title: The Shell Game - How the Federal Reserve is Monetizing Debt layout: post ---
The Federal Reserve has effectively been monetizing far more US government debt than has openly been revealed, by cleverly enabling foreign central banks to swap their agency debt for Treasury debt. This is not a sign of strength and reveals a pattern of trading temporary relief for future difficulties.
This is very nearly the same path that Zimbabwe took, resulting in the complete abandonment of the Zimbabwe dollar as a unit of currency. The difference is in the complexity of the game being played, not the substance of the actions themselves.
Crazy... just crazy.


PEG.js is a simple parser generator for JavaScript that produces fast parsers with excellent error reporting. You can use it to process complex data or computer languages and build transformers, interpreters, compilers and other tools easily.
Features
- Simple and expressive grammar syntax
- Integrates both lexical and syntactical analysis
- Parsers have excellent error reporting out of the box
- Based on parsing expression grammar formalism — more powerful than traditional LL(k) and LR(k) parsers
- Usable from your browser, from the command line, or via JavaScript API


List:
If you are running this locally, see the OpenFRBR site.
OpenFRBR Manifesto Number One.
Documentation on how to download and install OpenFRBR. (Requires Ruby on Rails.)
Contact: William Denton<EMAIL_ADDRESS>OpenFRBR says it will build a complete free implementation of FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records).
OpenFRBR says, "Everyone FRBRize everything."
OpenFRBR says that the entities, the relationships, and the user tasks are all equally important.
OpenFRBR says that both people and machines need good interfaces.
OpenFRBR says it will borrow the algorithms it can and invent the ones it must.
OpenFRBR says it is not an integrated library system. OpenFRBR says, "That which is not FRBR belongs to that which is not OpenFRBR."
OpenFRBR says it is under the MIT License.
OpenFRBR looks at FRAD (Functional Requirements for Authority Data) and says, "Everyone FRADize everything." When FRSAR (Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Records) is ready, OpenFRBR will look at it and say, "Everyone FRSARize everything." Everything that OpenFRBR says about FRBR it says about FRAD and FRSAR.
— William Denton


A complex number in MFP is written as a + b * i or a + bi, where a and b are real numbers (can be both positive or negative). If a is 0, then the complex number is written as b*i or bi. Note that bi is right while b i is wrong according to MFP because it believe b and i are two different variables because they are seperated by a blank character.


Procedural File: cloudfiles_http.php
Source Location: /cloudfiles_http.php
Classes:
CF_Http
HTTP/cURL wrapper for Cloud Files
Page Details:
This is an HTTP client class for Cloud Files. It uses PHP's cURL module to handle the actual HTTP request/response. This is NOT a generic HTTP client class and is only used to abstract out the HTTP communication for the PHP Cloud Files API.
This module was designed to re-use existing HTTP(S) connections between subsequent operations. For example, performing multiple PUT operations will re-use the same connection. This modules also provides support for streaming content into and out of Cloud Files. The majority (all?) of the PHP HTTP client modules expect to read the server's response into a string variable. This will not work with large files without killing your server. Methods like, get_object_to_stream() and put_object() take an open filehandle argument for streaming data out of or into Cloud Files. Requres PHP 5.x (for Exceptions and OO syntax) See COPYING for license information.
Tags:
Includes:
ACCOUNT_BYTES_USED [line 35]
ACCOUNT_CONTAINER_COUNT [line 34]
AUTH_KEY_HEADER [line 46]
AUTH_KEY_HEADER_LEGACY [line 48]
AUTH_TOKEN [line 44]
AUTH_TOKEN_LEGACY [line 49]
AUTH_USER_HEADER [line 45]
AUTH_USER_HEADER_LEGACY [line 47]
CDNM_URL [line 42]
CDN_ENABLED [line 40]
CDN_TTL [line 41]
CDN_URI [line 39]
CONTAINER_BYTES_USED [line 37]
CONTAINER_OBJ_COUNT [line 36]
METADATA_HEADER [line 38]
PHP_CF_VERSION [line 32]
STORAGE_URL [line 43]
USER_AGENT [line 33]
|


Cost Recovery Processing
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A New Vision
WHAT'S GOOD?
Do you love salmon? Do you love cookies? If you aswered yes then you are going to love Salmon Cookies! This is our proprietary patented recipe that will have you saying "MMMMMMMMM". Come in and check out what everyone in Seattle is talking about and discover what all the hype is about!
Why Salmon Cookies?
- Daily Dose of Omega-3
- 15g of Protein per Serving
- Shown to Boost Immune System
- Improve Brain Function
- DELICIOUS!!!!!
Support the Cause
We now have Pat's Salmon Cookie t-shirts available. They are made of the softest and most responsibly sourced materials. All proceeds go towards helping Salmon conservation efforts both locally and globally. If you would like to purchase a t-shirt from us and support what we are passionate about, please check out our store page (FREE SHIPPING).
Hours Of Operation
Everyday from 6 in the Morning to 8 in the Evening
Contact Info
Call Pat directly at<PHONE_NUMBER>
Store Locations
- 1st and Pike
- SeaTac Airport
- Seattle Center
- Capitol Hill
- Alki


Brotli
Brotli is a Ruby implementation of the Brotli generic-purpose lossless compression algorithm that compresses data using a combination of a modern variant of the LZ77 algorithm, Huffman coding and 2nd order context modeling, with a compression ratio comparable to the best currently available general-purpose compression methods. It is similar in speed with deflate but offers more dense compression.
Installation
Add this line to your application's Gemfile:
gem 'brotli'
And then execute:
$ bundle
Or install it yourself as:
$ gem install brotli
Usage
require 'brotli'
compressed = Brotli.deflate(string)
decompressed = Brotli.inflate(compressed)
See spec/brotli_spec.rb
Development
After checking out the repo, run bin/setup
to install bundle
and Brotli C library dependencies.
Run rake build
to build brotli extension for ruby. Then, run
rake spec
to run the tests. You can also run
bin/console
for an interactive prompt that will allow you to
experiment.
To install this gem onto your local machine, run bundle exec rake
install
. To release a new version, update the version number in
version.rb
, and then run bundle exec rake
release
, which will create a git tag for the version, push git
commits and tags, and push the .gem
file to rubygems.org.
Contributing
Bug reports and pull requests are welcome on GitHub at github.com/miyucy/brotli.


--- layout: submission title: Heart of the Dungeon year: 2015 image: heart.jpg award: Best in Theme team: >
Heart of the Dungeon is a top-down asymmetric turn-based game where three heroes fight against a Dungeon Lord. 2 or 4 players -- if two, one is the Dungeon Lord while the other controls all three heroes. If four, one Dungeon Lord versus a player for each hero.
Two main aspects. First, the mix of chess movement/attack and tabletop RPG language/mechanics. Secondly, the asymmetry of the Dungeon Lord versus the Heroes. I cannot think (though I don't doubt they exist) of a game that has the same asymmetrical nature.


OneTimePad 0.2.2
© 2016 - Kevin C. Krinke (OneTimePad)
© 2015 - Bruno Bierbaumer (OTP Authenticator)
Project Homepage
Acknowledgments:
OTP Authenticator
Apache Commons Code
Code Parts from Google's Android Samples
ZXing
ZXing Android Embedded


Astrologer Creta:
My divination skills seem to be failing me lately, dark clouds cover the future of all I see. There are surely dark days ahead for the Kingdom. We must keep the faith.
I sense that you are in the midst of an important test, perhaps one that will benefit Maria?
I also sense that you have a question for me?
Ask about the thief


Admin Panel
Global Alert
Configure an alert that shows up after login for all users.
Staff Management
Administrators
Administrators have the ability to access this page to add new staff members or remove current ones.
{% for superuser in superusers %}{{ superuser.first_name }} {{ superuser.last_name }} ({{ superuser.username }})delete
{% endfor %}Staff Members
Staff members have the ability to update, delete, and respond to petitions.
{% for staff_member in staff %}
{{ staff_member.first_name }} {{ staff_member.last_name }} ({{ staff_member.username }})delete
{% endfor %}Email Settings
Reported Petitions
These are people that receive emails for petitions that are reported.
Petition Threshold Met
These are people that receive emails for petitions that reach threshold.


--- layout: default --- {% include nav.html %}
Courses on this site are structured by the years they are typically taken in. However, if a course is normally taken in a later (or earlier) year, it does not necessarily mean that you cannot take it now.
Course level is generally a good indicator of course difficulty. Courses of level up to and including 9 are normally taken in years 1 and 2, while level 10 and 11 courses are typically taken in years 3 through 5. If you are on an MMath degree, you are required to take a total of 120 credits of level 11 courses over the years 4 and 5, the 40-credit dissertation in year 5 counts towards this total.
Please don't hesitate to contact your P.T. or the course organizer of the course if you have special requirements or are overwhelmed. For example, if there is a specific course that you would like to take outside of the typical regime, do not be afraid to ask these people for advice and/or a concession for the course.
Note that while the school advises against overloading on course credits, there is nothing actually stopping you from doing this. However, with an increased load your academic performance may suffer. Quite often, 20 credit and 10 credit courses require a similar amount of effort to do well in.
Better Mathematics is a collaborative platform where staff and students of all years can share academic resources(how?) for courses offered by the School of Mathematics at the University of Edinburgh.
{% endif %} {% include other-courses.html %} {{ content }} {% assign len = page.path.size | minus: 3 | minus: 7 %} {% assign name = page.path | slice: 7, len %} {% if site.data.settings.examSeason and page.year and page.year != "start" %}


Register at Chrysalis Developer Portal to get the Edge Key
{{errorMessage}}
Edge API Key
Edge API Secret visibility
Why do I need Edge API Key? The annotations are sent to Chrysalis Cloud and stored in our data warehouse from where you can query the sent annotations.
The annotations are sent to Chrysalis Cloud and stored in our data warehouse from where you can query the sent annotations.


In Section 2 we discuss how to generate a simplicial complex and how to compute its (co)boundary operator matrices. In Section 3 we generate a T-complex of cuboidal cells, and we extract its skeleton complexes of dimension 2 and 1. In Section 4 we finally approach the problem of generating a (co)boundary matrix with signed coefficients, and fully implement an algorithm for its generation in the general case.


Example
ackermann left
ackermann right
random item
100 kmh to mph
100 mph to kmh
1000 m to km
1 m/s to kmh (3.6 but rounding to nearest int)
compressionDistance


As we saw in class, we have some basic elements that will appear in almost every project. For example, you will need a scene that will receive all the other elements. You will need also a camera and a renderer. Let's first see our basic project in which we have a cube and interaction through the mouse.
Open in a new tabBasically we have, at the beginning, the definition of the scene, renderer and camera (the last two created through functions as they will be subject in further classes). To create the camera we must define where it will be created. By default the camera will point to the origin of the world. See the code below to understand how these elements are created.
let scene, renderer, camera, material, light, orbit; // Initial variables
scene = new THREE.Scene(); // Create main scene
renderer = initRenderer(); // Init a basic renderer
camera = initCamera(new THREE.Vector3(0, 15, 30)); // Init camera in this position
The interaction is performed by a orbit control as you can see in the next code.
orbit = new OrbitControls( camera, renderer.domElement ); // Enable mouse rotation, pan, zoom etc.
We will not focus on the creation of the objects for now, but it's worth noting how the objects are added in the scene. In the example below you can see a cube being added to the scene (the material is previously loaded and will be explored in further classes).
let cube = new THREE.Mesh(cubeGeometry, material);
scene.add(cube);
Finally, we must create a function in which all the elements will be called in a loop. In this example we create a render function. Inside this function we use two important function of the API - requestAnimationFrame and renderer.render. This will create a loop that causes the renderer to draw the scene every time the screen is refreshed (on a typical screen this means 60 times per second). If you have something to be animated, the variables to be used will be placed inside this render function.
render();
function render()
{
requestAnimationFrame(render);
renderer.render(scene, camera);
}


1. Introduction
This level is currently maintained as a diff spec over the level 1 module [CSS-GRID-1]. The main addition to Level 1 is the “subgrid” feature: a subgridded axis is one which matches up its grid lines to lines in the element’s parent’s grid, and which derives the sizes of its tracks through this integration with the parent grid.
The full text of the Grid specification will be folded in when this draft reaches CR.
2. Subgrids
A grid item can itself be a grid container by giving it display: grid; in this case the layout of its contents will be independent of the layout of the grid it participates in.
In some cases it might be necessary for the contents of multiple grid items to align to each other. A grid container that is itself a grid item can defer the definition of its rows and columns to its parent grid container, making it a subgrid. In this case, the grid items of the subgrid participate in sizing the grid of the parent grid container, allowing the contents of both grids to align.

 Name: < input name = fn >
 Address: < input name = address >
 Phone: < input name = phone >

We want the labels and inputs to align, and we want to style each list item with a border. This can be accomplished with subgrid layout:
ul { display: grid; grid: auto-flow / auto 1fr; } li { grid-column: span 2; display: grid; grid-template-columns: subgrid; border: solid; } label { grid-column: 1; } input { grid-column: 2; }
2.1. Establishing a Subgrid
Subgrids provide the ability to pass grid parameters down through nested elements, and content-based sizing information back up to their parent grid.
| Name: | grid-template-rows, grid-template-columns |
|---|---|
| New values: | subgrid <line-name-list>? |
| New computed values: | The subgrid keyword followed by a <line-name-list>. |
- subgrid <line-name-list>?
-
The subgrid value
indicates that the grid will adopt the spanned portion of its parent grid in that axis.
Rather than being specified explicitly,
the sizes of the grid rows/columns
will be taken from the parent grid’s definition,
and the subgrid’s items will participate
in the intrinsic size calculations (CSS Grid Layout 1 §11.5 Resolve Intrinsic Track Sizes)
of any tracks shared with the parent grid.
The <line-name-list> argument allows local naming of the grid lines propagated from the parent grid: if a <line-name-list> is given, the specified <line-names>s are assigned to the subgrid’s explicit grid lines, one per line, starting with line 1. Excess <line-names> are ignored.
If there is no parent grid, this value is equivalent to the initial value, none.
Unlike those of a regular nested grid, a subgrid’s contents participate in its parent grid formatting context; thus a subgrid does not establish an independent formatting context.
The syntax of <line-name-list> is defined as follows:
<line-name-list> = [ <line-names> | <name-repeat> ]+ <line-names> = '[' <custom-ident>* ']' <name-repeat> = repeat( [ <integer [1,∞]> | auto-fill ], <line-names>+)
The <name-repeat> variant of the repeat() notation can only be used with the subgrid keyword: it only repeats names. The auto-fill keyword is only valid once per <line-name-list>, and repeats enough times for the name list to match the subgrid’s specified grid span (falling back to 0 if the span is already fulfilled).
2.2. Characteristics of a Subgrid Item
A subgrid behaves just like a normal grid container except that:
- Placing the subgrid creates a correspondence between its subgridded tracks and those that it spans in its parent grid. The grid lines thus shared between the subgrid and its parent form the subgrid’s explicit grid, and its track sizes are governed by the parent grid.
-
The number of explicit tracks in the subgrid in a subgridded dimension
always corresponds to the number of grid tracks that it spans in its parent grid:
- If the subgrid’s grid span in the subgridded dimension is definite, then the number of explicit tracks in each subgridded dimension is taken from its used grid span in that dimension (regardless of its grid-template-* properties).
- If it has an indefinite grid span (i.e. either the -start or -end value of its grid-placement properties in the subgridded axis is auto) then its used grid span is taken from the number of explicit tracks specified for that axis by its grid-template-* properties, floored at one.
-
The grid-placement properties of the subgrid’s grid items and the line numbers they use
are scoped to the lines covered by the subgrid,
exactly consistent with the lines outside the subgrid
being excluded from its explicit grid.
E.g. numeric indices count starting from the first line of the subgrid
rather than the first line of the parent grid.
Line numbering and placement rules obey the subgrid’s own writing mode, just as they would for a nested independent grid.
-
Since subgrids can be placed before their contents are placed,
the subgridded lines
automatically receive the explicit line names
specified on the corresponding lines of the parent grid.
These names are in addition to any line names specified locally on the subgrid.
-
When a subgrid overlaps a named grid area in its parent
that was created by a grid-template-areas property declaration, implicit line names are assigned
to represent the parent’s named grid area within the subgrid.
Note: If a named grid area only partially overlaps the subgrid, its implicit names will be assigned to the first and/or last line of the subgrid such that a named grid area exists representing that partially overlapped area of the subgrid; thus the implicit named lines of the subgrid might not always correspond exactly to the implicit named lines of the parent grid.
These names are also in addition to any line names specified locally on the subgrid.
In the following example, the 4-column grand-parent grid has both explicit line names and implicit ones generated by grid-template-areas:

…

After all types of name resolution, the names for each grid will be:
.outer = [outer-edge gutter-start] [gutter-end info-start main-start] [center] [info-end photos-start] [main-end photos-end] .middle = [info-start main-start] [center] [info-end photos-start] [main-end photos-end] .inner = [center info-start] [info-end photos-start] [main-end photos-end]
Notice that all the explicit names inherit straight through to .inner, but the implicit names are calculated based on each subgrid’s overlap of the original named area.
-
The subgrid does not have any implicit grid tracks in the subgridded dimension(s).
Hypothetical implicit grid lines are used to resolve placement
as usual when the explicit grid does not have enough lines;
however
each grid item’s grid area is clamped to the subgrid’s explicit grid (using the same procedure as for clamping placement in an overly-large grid).
For example, if a span 1 subgrid has a grid item with grid-column: 2 / span 3;, then that item is instead forced into (and limited to) the first (only) track in the subgrid.
- The subgrid itself lays out as an ordinary grid item in its parent grid, but acts as if it was completely empty for track sizing purposes in the subgridded dimension.
-
The subgrid’s own grid items participate
in the sizing of its parent grid in the subgridded dimension(s)
and are aligned to it in those dimensions.
In this process, the sum of the subgrid’s margin, padding, and borders at each edge are applied as an extra layer of (potentially negative) margin to the items at those edges. This extra layer of “margin” accumulates through multiple levels of subgrids.
For example, if we have a 3×3 grid with the following tracks:#parent-grid { grid-template-columns: 300px auto 300px; }
If a subgrid covers the last two tracks, its first two columns correspond to the parent grid’s last two columns, and any items positioned into those tracks participate in sizing the parent grid. Specifically, an item positioned in the first track of the subgrid influences the auto-sizing of the parent grid’s middle track.
#subgrid { grid-column: 2 / span 2; } /* cover parent’s 2nd and 3rd tracks */ #subgrid > :first-child { grid-column: 1; } /* subgrid’s 1st track, parent grid’s 2nd track */
If the subgrid has margins/borders/padding, the size of those margins/borders/padding also influences sizing. For example, if the subgrid has 100px padding:
#subgrid { padding: 100px; }
Then a grid item in the subgrid’s first track acts as if it has an additional 100px of top, left, and bottom margin, influencing the sizing of the parent grid’s tracks and the grid item’s own position.
Meanwhile, half the size of the difference between the subgrid’s gutters (row-gap/column-gap) and its parent grid’s gutters is applied as an extra layer of (potentially negative) margin to the items not at those edges. This extra layer of “margin” also accumulates through multiple levels of subgrids. A value of normal indicates that the subgrid has the same size gutters as its parent grid, i.e. the applied difference is zero.
Note: The end result will be that the parent’s grid tracks will be sized as specified, and that the subgrid’s gaps will visually center-align with the parent grid’s gaps.
For example, suppose we have a 300px-wide outer grid with 50px gaps and its columns specified as 100px 1fr. A subgrid spanning both tracks would have…
- … if its column-gap were normal (or 50px):
-
- A grid item in its left column sized and laid out (and contributing its size to the parent grid’s sizing calculations) without any special adjustment, thus stretching to 100px wide while remaining aligned to the subgrid’s left edge.
- A grid item in its right column sized and laid out (and contributing its size to the parent grid’s sizing calculations) without any special adjustment, thus stretching to 150px wide, while remaining aligned to the subgrid’s right edge.
- An effective visual gutter between the items of 50px, exactly matching its parent grid.
- … if its column-gap were 0:
-
- A grid item in its left column sized and laid out (and contributing its size to the parent grid’s sizing calculations) as if it had a -25px right margin, thus stretching to 125px wide while remaining aligned to the subgrid’s left edge.
- A grid item in its right column sized and laid out (and contributing its size to the parent grid’s sizing calculations) as if it had a -25px left margin, thus stretching to 175px wide, while remaining aligned to the subgrid’s right edge.
- An effective visual gutter between the items of zero, as specified by its column-gap.
- … if its column-gap were 25px:
-
- A grid item in its left column sized and laid out (and contributing its size to the parent grid’s sizing calculations) as if it had a -12.5px right margin, thus stretching to 112.5px wide while remaining aligned to the subgrid’s left edge.
- A grid item in its right column sized and laid out (and contributing its size to the parent grid’s sizing calculations) as if it had a -12.5px left margin, thus stretching to 162.5px wide, while remaining aligned to the subgrid’s right edge.
- An effective visual gutter between the items of 25px, as specified by its column-gap.
- … if its column-gap were 75px:
-
- A grid item in its left column sized and laid out (and contributing its size to the parent grid’s sizing calculations) as if it had a 12.5px right margin, thus stretching to 87.5px wide while remaining aligned to the subgrid’s left edge.
- A grid item in its right column sized and laid out (and contributing its size to the parent grid’s sizing calculations) as if it had a 12.5px left margin, thus stretching to 137.5px wide, while remaining aligned to the subgrid’s right edge.
- An effective visual gutter between the items of 75px, as specified by its column-gap.
-
For each edge of a non-empty subgrid,
to account for the subgrid’s margin/border/padding at that edge,
a hypothetical item is contributed to the track sizing algorithm
for each span size
in the set of items spanning into
the occupied track closest to that edge of the subgrid.
This item’s sizes are taken from the sizes of the largest such item
of each span size,
and are additionally inflated by the subgrid’s own margin/border/padding
at that edge (or both edges,
if it happens to be the most extreme item on both sides
and is also the smallest span size).
Similarly, the hypothetical item’s span is taken
from that same real item’s span,
and inflated by the number of empty tracks between it
and the relevant subgrid’s edge(s).
Note: This step can be shortcut if the tracks closest to the subgrid’s edges contain real items, which would have already accounted for the subgrid’s margin/border/padding as described above.
For example, in the following subgrid layout:5px auto auto 5px . aaaaaaaaa . . bbbb cccc .
Assuming subgrid items a, b, and c occupying their corresponding grid areas and a subgrid padding of 25px, two hypothetical grid items would be contributed to the track sizing algorithm for the purpose of handling the subgrid’s inline-start padding: one with the size of b plus 25px, spanning the first two columns; and one with the size of a plus 25px, spanning the first three columns.
If only item a existed, which would make it both span into the closest occupied columns on both sides and be the smallest-spanning item on each side, then the hypothetical item it contributes would be its size inflated by 50px and would span all four columns.
- The subgrid is always stretched in its subgridded dimension(s: the align-self/justify-self properties on it are ignored, as are any specified width/height constraints.
- Layoutwise, the subgrid’s grid is always aligned with the corresponding section of the parent grid; the align-content/justify-content properties on it are also ignored in the subgridded dimension.
- The overflow property does apply to subgrids, so that overflowing contents of the subgrid can be scrolled into view. (Note: the act of scrolling does not affect layout.)
2.3. Resolved Value of a Track Listing
When an element generates a grid container box that is a subgrid, the resolved value of the grid-template-rows and grid-template-columns properties represents the used number of columns, serialized as the subgrid keyword followed by a list representing each of its lines as a line name set of all the line’s names explicitly defined on the subgrid (not including those adopted from the parent grid), without using the repeat() notation.
specified: subgrid [a] repeat(auto-fill, [b]) [c] resolved: subgrid [a] [b] [b] [b] [c]
specified: subgrid [a] [a] [a] [a] repeat(auto-fill, [b]) [c] [c] resolved: subgrid [a] [a] [a] [a] [c]
specified: subgrid [] [a] resolved: subgrid [] [a] [] [] []
specified: subgrid [a] [b] [c] [d] [e] [f] resolved: subgrid [a] [b] [c] [d] [e]
Note: This violates the general "shortest equivalent serialization" principle by serializing empty trailing line name sets, as the trailing line name sets provide potentially-useful information about how many tracks the subgrid is spanning.
2.4. Subgrid Sizing Algorithm
Note: Placement of all grid items, including subgrids and their sub-items, occurs before sizing.
Track sizing in a subgridded dimension treats each item in a given track in that axis as members of the parent grid. This interlacing requires that grid sizing drills down per axis into subgrids, rather than completing both axes in its recursion. Thus the Grid Sizing Algorithm is modified as follows:
- First, the track sizing algorithm is used to resolve the sizes of the grid columns.
In this process, any grid item which is subgridded in the grid container’s inline axis is treated as empty and its grid items (the grandchildren) are treated as direct children of the grid container (their grandparent). This introspection is recursive.
Items which are subgridded only in the block axis, and whose grid container size in the inline axis depends on the size of its contents are also introspected: since the size of the item in this dimension can be dependent on the sizing of its subgridded tracks in the other, the size contribution of any such item to this grid’s column sizing (see Resolve Intrinsic Track Sizes) is taken under the provision of having determined its track sizing only up to the same point in the Grid Sizing Algorithm as this parent grid itself. E.g. for the first pass through this step, the item will have its tracks sized only through this first step; if a second pass of this step is triggered then the item will have completed a first pass through steps 1-3 as well as the second pass of this step prior to returning its size for consideration in this grid’s column sizing. Again, this introspection is recursive.
If calculating the layout of a grid item in this step depends on the available space in the block axis, assume the available space that it would have if any row with a definite max track sizing function had that size and all other rows were infinite.
- Next, the track sizing algorithm resolves the sizes of the grid rows, using the grid column sizes calculated in the previous step.
In this process, any grid item which is subgridded in the grid container’s block axis is treated as empty and its grid items (the grandchildren) are treated as direct children of the grid container (their grandparent). This introspection is recursive.
As with sizing columns, items which are subgridded only in the inline axis, and whose grid container size in the block axis depends on the size of its contents are also introspected. (As with sizing columns, the size contribution to this grid’s row sizing is taken under the provision of having determined its track sizing only up to this corresponding point in the algorithm; and again, this introspection is recursive.)
- Then, if the min-content contribution of any grid items have changed based on the row sizes calculated in step 2, steps 1 and 2 are repeated with the new min-content contribution and max-content contribution (once only).
This cycle is necessary for cases where the inline size of a grid item depends on the block size of its grid area. Examples include wrapped column flex containers (flex-flow: column wrap), orthogonal flows (writing-mode), and multi-column containers.- Finally, the grid container is sized using the resulting size of the grid as its content size, and the tracks are aligned within the grid container according to the align-content and justify-content properties.
Note: This can introduce extra space between tracks, potentially enlarging the grid area of any grid items spanning the gaps beyond the space allotted to during track sizing.
Once the size of each grid area is thus established, the grid items are laid out into their respective containing blocks. The grid area’s width and height are considered definite for this purpose.
Note: Since formulas calculated using only definite sizes, such as the stretch fit formula, are also definite, the size of a grid item which is stretched is also considered definite.
Note, this means that a subgrid establishing an orthogonal flow would have the order of its track sizing inverted compared to a nested grid. We could simplify this by saying that an orthogonal flow cannot establish a subgrid; it can only be a nested grid.
Suppose we have a parent grid container A which contains an item B that has subgridded columns and contains a grandchild B that has subgridded rows and grandchild D that is simply a nested grid.
<grid-A> <grid-B subgrid=columns> <grid-C subgrid=rows/> <grid-D> </grid-B> <grid-A>
When A sizes its columns it treats B’s items as slotted into to A’s corresponding columns, but when A sizes its rows it treats B as a single item (a grid container with its own rows and some items including items C and D). Similarly when B sizes its rows, it treats C’s items as slotted into B’s rows, but when B sizes its columns, it treats C as a single item, just as it does with D. There is no relationship between C’s rows and A’s rows, because the rows in B are nested, not subgridded.
At a high level, the grid algorithm is:
- Size the columns
- Size the rows
- Adjust the columns (if needed based on final row sizes)
The grid sizing algorithm in this example would thus look like this:
-
Resolve sizes of A’s grid columns,
using the sizes of A’s grid items,
treating B as empty
but treating its children
(including C and D)
as items in grid A.
The grid algorithm simply recurses into D. For C, it’s more complicated:
- Size C’s columns.
- Size C’s rows by sizing B’s rows.
- Adjust C’s columns.
- Return C’s final column sizes.
A correct size for B’s rows requires C’s final column sizes, because the row size depends on the column size, and thus B’s rows could very well depend on C’s final column sizes. To break this cyclic dependency, we need to split the algorithm to depend on the initial approximation of C’s final column sizes, and do the adjustment pass later. So for C, we need to recurse into column sizing only, and pass that initial size up to A for its initial column sizing.
When we size B’s rows later on, we will size C’s rows (which are subgridded), and finish up C’s sizing by finalizing its columns. If this resulted in a change, we have the opportunity to trigger an adjustment pass for A’s columns during its adjustment pass.
-
Next, resolve sizes of A’s rows,
using the sizes of A’s grid items,
treating B as a single item.
Since B, as a subgrid, has its sizing is split out into the multiple passes, the grid algorithm issues only a row-sizing recursion into B: Size B’s rows, treating D as a single item, requesting its final size, and treating C as an empty item and hoisting its children as items into grid B.
B returns its final row size, which factors into A’s row sizing pass.
- Last, finalize A’s column sizes. If C’s final size changes as a result of the row-sizing pass through B, this should trigger a resizing of B’s columns, which should trigger a resizing pass on A’s column.
3. Changes
Changes since the August 2018 CSS Grid Layout Level 2 Working Draft
- Adjusted the interaction of implicit named lines to be smarter about partially-overlapped areas. (Issue 4411)
- Defined resolved value of grid-template-rows and grid-template-columns for subgrids.
- Removed the aspect-ratio-controlled gutters feature (which will be moved to CSS Box Alignment Level 4 instead).
Changes since the June 2018 CSS Grid Layout Level 2 Working Draft
- Defined handling of the subgrid’s margins/borders/padding when the track closest to its edge is empty. (Issue 2592)
- Defined that subgrids with an automatic span use the number of explicit tracks from their grid-template-* properties rather than defaulting to one. (Issue 2565
Changes since the April 2018 CSS Grid Layout Level 2 Working Draft
- Added back syntax for specifying subgrid-local line names.
- Defined that subgrid’s own gap properties are honored, and how exactly that works.
- Clarified interactions of parent line names and subgrid line names.
4. Acknowledgements
Many thanks to Mats Palmgren of Mozilla, without whose support and feedback the subgrid feature would not be able to move forward. Thanks also to Daniel Tonon, who insisted on intelligent handling of gaps in subgrids and contributed illustrations; and Rachel Andrew and Jen Simmons who helped bridge the feedback gap between the CSS Working Group and the Web design/authoring community.
Lastly, the acknowledgements section of CSS Grid Level 2 would be incomplete without acknowledgement of everyone who made the monumental task of CSS Grid Level 1 possible.


Release Notes For the Firmware¶
Maintenance Team¶
The current and past members of the GrovePi team in alphabetical order are:
Also, we have a couple of notable contributors to the GrovePi but for other libraries:
- @marcellobarile for the NodeJS library
- @mcauser for adding different new functionalities/bug fixes/examples to our current library
- @lanselambor
- @nikkoura
- @lucavallin for coming with fixes to the Go library
- @rpedersen for C# stuff
- @k33g for Java library
Version 1.4.0 - 27 April 2019¶
- Add support for setting up interrupt events on each digital port of the GrovePi, thus breaking the limit of just two available hardware interrupts #446
- Enable the Grove Dust Sensor, the Grove Encoder and the Grove Flow Meter to work on any digital port of the GrovePi and support 7 or 3 or respectively 7 devices at the same time #446
Version 1.3.0 - 1 Aug 2018¶
-
Fixed synchronization bugs which led to very small IO rates
-
Small refactorization of the code to something slightly better
- Fixed the dust sensor #408
- Mitigated abnormality caused by the Raspberry Pi not supporting clock stretching on the I2C #411
- Debugged and sped up the rate of acquisition of the DHT sensor #418
- Add IR receiver functionality for any remote control and fix inherent issues with the library #416
- Add option to set the flow meter and the dust sensor on different ports other than D2 #421
Version 1.2.7 - 20 Dec 2016¶
- Faster IO
- Less IO Errors
- RTC and MMA7xxx accelerometer code removed from the firmware
Version 1.2.2 - 22 Jan 2015¶
- Grove Chainable RGB LED added
- Ability to persist a RGB color in memory for later use
Version 1.2.1 - 30 Dec 2014¶
- Grove 4 Digit Display added
Version 1.2.0 - 29 Dec 2014¶
- Grove LED Bar added
- Firmware version made available
Version 1.1 - 13 Feb 2014¶
- DHT, ultrasonic, RTC code added
- Support for multiple modules for same type added (Not tested)
- Protocol made more robust


Handler
public class Handler: RequestHandler
This is the main handler for the logic of the URL routing system.
If must be enabled by calling Routing.Handler.registerGlobally
-
Install the URL routing system. This is required if this system is to be utilized, otherwise it will not be available.
Declaration
Swift
static public func registerGlobally()
-
Handle the request, triggering the routing system. If a route is discovered the request is sent to the new handler.
Declaration
Swift
public func handleRequest(request: WebRequest, response: WebResponse)


| 047:036 Khan | : |
The life of this world is but play and pastime, but if you believe (in the Oneness of Allah Islamic Monotheism), and fear Allah, and avoid evil, He will grant you your wages, and will not ask you your wealth. |
| 047:036 Maulana | : |
The life of this world is but idle sport and play, and, if you believe and keep your duty, He will give you your reward, and He does not ask of you your wealth. |
| 047:036 Pickthal | : |
The life of the world is but a sport and a pastime. And if ye believe and ward off (evil). He will give you your wages, and will not ask of you your wordly wealth. |
| 047:036 Rashad | : |
This worldly life is no more than play and vanity. But if you believe and lead a righteous life, He will reward you, without asking you for any money. |
| 047:036 Sarwar | : |
The worldly life is only a childish game. If you have faith and piety, you will receive your rewards and God will not ask you to pay for them. |
| 047:036 Shakir | : |
The life of this world is only idle sport and play, and if you believe and guard (against evil) He will give you your rewards, and will not ask of you your possessions. |
| 047:036 Sherali | : |
The life of this world is but a sport and a pastime, and if you believe and be righteous, HE will give you your rewards, and will not ask of you your wealth. |
| 047:036 Yusufali | : |
The life of this world is but play and amusement: and if ye believe and guard against Evil, He will grant you your recompense, and will not ask you (to give up) your possessions. |
Concepts/Themes Covered: الإيمان > اليوم الآخر > تفضيل الآخرة على الدنيا Faith> The Hereafter> Prefering the World to the Hereafter العمل > العمل الصالح > العمل المفضي إلى النجاح Action(Work)> The Good Deeds>Achtion which Leads to Success الإنسان والعلاقات الأخلاقية > الأخلاق الذميمة > البخل Man and The Moral Relations>The Dispraised Morals>Stinginess الإنسان والعلاقات الأخلاقية > الأخلاق الذميمة > اللهو واللعب Man and The Moral Relations>The Dispraised Morals>Amusement and Play تنظيم العلاقات المالية > الأموال Organizing Financial Relationships>Wealth Property
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


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Dzaoudzi is on the small island of Petite-Terre, located off the western side of the large island of Grande-Terre, and opposite Mamoudzou on the large island (where there is a marina). There is a frequent ferry service between the two.
Position 12° 46'S, 45° 14.4E.
There is no need to call port control on arrival, simply go to the Yacht Club who have all the forms for clearance. They are very friendly and most members speak English.
For full details on clearance go to Mayotte Formalities.
Note that to complete clearance (both inward and outward) requires a visit to the Maritime Authorities/Port Captain, who are based in Mamoudzou.
Last updated November 2015.
With the winds and currents in the lagoon, ensure you are not anchored too close to the local boats on their moorings. At night, the SE trades often swing into local NW winds and the current can cause boats to lay in a fairly confused order.
Another special feature of this well-sheltered bay, is the huge, unlit mooring buoys. A surprisingly large number of ferries and barges operate between the islands and at nightfall, they moor to these buoys. Not only is this a rather noisy experience, but it may well give you a new neighbour at midnight, swinging some 60 meters around its mooring. Staying well away from these moorings is therefore a good idea.
When anchoring, be sure your anchor, preferably two anchors, are well dug in. During the northern monsoon, a swell as much as 3m can penetrate the bay.
The Harbour Master at Dzaoudzi ("Charlie Tango") is doing his best to help arriving yachts. He provides a daily weather report which is posted at the yacht club and at the entrance to the pontoon(in French).
There is a floating pontoon which provides a dingy landing (see photo courtesy of Michael Barzam).
The yacht club (see below) has the ony mooring buoy in Mayotte for visitors! It can be picked-up by any visitor free of charge if it is vacant. It is located close to the reef where two wrecks are (one monohull and one catamaran – they are conspicuous). GPS coordinates of the buoy: 12 46.839S / 45 15.823E. This is a good option if vacant as anchoring might mean you are more than a mile from the dinghy landing.
WARNING: At position 12 46.587S / 45 15.956E there is a wreck marked with an orange floating jerry can. The top of the mast can be seen at low tide, but it is submerged at high tide and it is easy to hit the mast if heading for the vistor's buoy.
Last updated November 2015.
The Yacht club in the bottom of the Pamanzi Bay is a very local affair and very welcoming to cruisers. Most members speak some English.
Visiting yachts can have 15 days free membership; drinks can be bought here but no food. There are various facilities available and also WiFi - plus one mooring buoy for visitors as described above in docking.
The club also has a drying wall and haulout facilities (see boatyards for more information).