About
A capable and passionate software developer, Andrew has over 8 years of experience building, designing, integrating and supporting high-volume, high-availability, fault-tolerant, national scale payments systems (both in the UK and internationally), as well as securities and trading platforms. He has delivered mission critical financial services on-premises, in the cloud, as part of customer software sales and managed services.
Strong communication skills and ability to present technical solutions and challenges to both technical and non-technical people mean he frequently runs KT sessions within the organisation and also presents technical demos to senior level customer staff.
A versatile individual, Andrew possesses a great enthusiasm for learning new (and old!) systems and technologies, both for his own enjoyment as well as to better understand the software development landscape, its history and its future.
Andrew is motivated to deliver high quality, maintainable, clean, robust and vulnerability free code and platforms which can be readily supported and continuously improved across a lifespan of many years if not decades.
He prefers to do things correctly rather than quickly and endeavours to understand how and why things work, not just what works. This drive and ethos means he measures success not just by the robustness, impact and overall success of deliveries, but also the ease and ability with which engineers can maintain, improve, expand, innovate and test them.
Andrew is interested in the evolving landscape of software especially when it comes to cloud tech - its ability to allow organisations to rapidly prototype, deliver and scale cost effectively to meet the shifting and expanding demands of todays increasingly digital society and businesses.
Skills
Java (8, 11), Spring, Springboot, Camel, Guice, Spark, SLF4J + cal10n, JUnit, Mockito, StAX/SAX, GRPC, multi-threading & concurrency
Lambda, S3, Aurora, Step Functions, SNS, SQS, VPC, IAM, EMR, CloudWatch, CLI
Regex, Oracle SQL, PL/SQL, PostgreSQL JS, Typescript, HTML, CSS, React, Redux, bash/sh, awk, sed, make, VBA
IntelliJ, VSCode, Maven, Gradle, Git, Jenkins, GitHub, Gitlab, Gitlab CI, Bitbucket, Nexus, Artifactory, Sonar, Blackduck, Docker, VSCode, Postman
Vim, tcpdump, nc/netcat, curl, grep, jq, miller, find
Tomcat 8, IBM WAS, IBM MQ, RabbitMQ, JMS
XML Signing, 3DES, AKDS, PKI, Payshield HSM, Luna HSM, HP Fortify, Threat Modelling, PCI-DSS
GRPC, HTTP, REST, TCP/IP, ISO8583, ISO20022
SCOBOL, COBOL, TAL, TACL, HP Nonstop/Tandem, Nonstop Java, Base24, XPNET, TSS
NodeJS, Vue, Golang, Python, C, jQuery, Android (Java SDK, React Native), Bootstrap
Kubernetes/Minikube, Docker Swarm, Coveralls, CirleCI, Heroku, Netlify, Keycloak, Nginx, Squidman, HAProxy
Employment
T. Rowe Price
Jan 2021 - Present
Delivered key components facilitating a signficant platform migration to AWS with a focus on enhancing the ability of large, distributed teams to work across ~100 pipelines. Responsible for driving and delivering significant changes to our build, deployment and execution patterns to decouple pipeline execution from orchestration, improving the ability for multiple teams to work across our ecosystem.
Rapidly prototyped, build and deploy a new customer facing service from scratch in 4 weeks.
Currently studying for AWS Solution Architect - Associate certification.
Securities, book of records, Java 8/11, Spring, Springboot, Guice, Spark, JDBC, Gradle, GRPC/protobufs, SQL, shell scripting, AWS (CLI, Lambda, EMR, S3, VPC, Step Functions, CloudWatch, Aurora) Vault, Git, GitLab, GitLab CI, Atlassian, Sonar, HP Fortify, Typescript, React, Redux, Jsonforms, AG-Grid
Vocalink/Mastercard
Mar 2017 - Dec 2020
Responsible for leading a distributed team (US and UK) which designed, integrated and delivered a general purpose, configuration driven, messaging and security gateway for payments systems (principally IPS). Supports over 1000TPS over a single connection with IBM MQ, REST and TCP IP comms as well as ISO8583, ISO20022 and arbitrary JSON message formats. Horizontally scalable and with additional support driven through plugin implementations.
Provide technical leadership and drive best practices within the team around code quality, CI, design. Coordinate with other engineering leads, BAs and architects to ensure consistency across product and component integrations. Coordinate across engineering and other business areas to define and improve wider organisational practices.
Independently designed, built and delivered an ISO8583 over TCP/IP simulator from scratch with full workflow and 3DES (master and zone keys) support including a UI for key management and message initiation. Used as the de facto TCP/IP 8583 simulator deployed into internal dev/test environments.
ISO20022, ISO8583, Java 8, Spring, Springboot, Camel, JDBC, StAX, SQL, shell scripting, Tomcat, IBM WAS, IBM MQ, RabbitMQ, Thales HSMs, PKI, 3DES, Git, GitHub, Atlassian, Jenkins, Sonar, Blackduck, HP Fortify, Bootstrap, JQuery
Vocalink/Mastercard
Mar 2017 - Dec 2018
Worked on the Immediate Payments System (IPS), a platform for orchestrating ACH payments using ISO20022 and the IPS gateway for customers.
Delivered key changes around a system re-design to support cross product modularity and horizontal scaling to drive demanding throughput and SLAs.
Resolved security vulnerabilities and performed an upgrade of all java libraries across the platform to meet compliance requirements. Delivered changes to support an HSM upgrade for one of our customers.
Delivered a platform wide tooling update to create docker containers during builds allowing automated deployments of a full end to end system on local development environments and into AWS both for internal and customer use.
ISO20022, Java 8, Spring, Springboot, JDBC, AspectJ, SQL, batch and shell scripting, React, Redux, SAX, IBM WAS, IBM MQ, RabbitMQ, Luna HSMs, PKI, Git, GitHub, Atlassian, Jenkins, Sonar, HP Fortify
Vocalink
Aug 2012 - Feb 2017
Delivered changes for ATM payments, Mobile Phone Top Ups (MPTU), customer web portal and internal systems integration.
Main focus was implementing and driving DCC and FCD for ATM customers across UK and Europe, integrations with payments schemes (LINK, Mastercard, etc.) as well as settlement and reconciliation platforms for banks, independent ATM deployers, schemes and Telcos.
 This includes work in Java, C, Android Java, React Native, React and Arduino.
Since 2017 Andrew has taken part in the Mastercard Take Initiative, a yearly team hackathon/brainstorm with the intention of coming up with new ideas and innovations in the payments industry.
Over the last few years he has explored cardholder driven CPA management (patent submitted to EPO), loyalty scheme integration in chip cards and multi-modal biometric ID and payments (patent being drafted).
Snowboarding, wakeboarding, bouldering, running (slowly!), arduino, CTFs (PHP, Python, assembly)
GitHub followers: 1, found a bug in curl
vim, Jacob, Annie
2008 - 2011
BSc Hons Mathematics
2005 - 2007
Maths, Further Maths, Chemistry, Geography, Biology


Interculture is determined to create a more interculturally friendly society 25 Nov 2019, 18:07 by Shashana Brown Be Interculture photo campaign has had more than 300 people sharing their interculture stories(Image: Lisa Whitehouse) Interculture offers bespoke training and consultancy(Image: Lisa Whitehouse) Interculture provides bespoke training courses in schools, housing associations, foster agencies and refugees(Image: Lisa Whitehouse) "When I've been scared of 'the Other', I've been proven wrong"(Image: Lisa Whitehouse) "The work we do is inclusive, diverse and accessible as possible"(Image: Lisa Whitehouse) Be Interculture photo Campaign(Image: Lisa Whitehouse) Refugee Women Talking event(Image: Lisa Whitehouse) Muslim Women Talking event(Image: Lisa Whitehouse) "Our 'Be Interculture Campaign' encourages people to tell us their interculture stories"(Image: Dan Regan/BristolLive)


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class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # Measuring Social Inequality ## Advanced Social Epidemiology PhD Course ### Sam Harper ###
### University of Copenhagen
2021-10-11 to 2021-10-15 --- class: center, middle, inverse # .orange[**Part 2: Measuring the "Inequality" in Social Inequality**] --- class: center, top, inverse # .orange[**2. Measuring Inequality**] .left[ ## .orange[**2.1 Conceptual Issues**] ## .orange[**2.2 Absolute and Relative Inequality**] ## .orange[**2.3 Simple vs. Complex Measures**] ## .orange[**2.4 Weighting**] ## .orange[**2.5 Reference Points**] ] --- class: center, top, inverse # .orange[**2. Measuring Inequality**] .left[ ## .orange[**2.1 Conceptual Issues**] ## .gray[**2.2 Absolute and Relative Inequality**] ## .gray[**2.3 Simple vs. Complex Measures**] ## .gray[**2.4 Weighting**] ## .gray[**2.5 Reference Points**] ] --- ## Why monitor health inequalities? .pull-left[ ### Surveillance - Natural complement to monitoring overall health - Essential for detecting important changes in risk ] -- .pull-right[ ### Impact - Opportunity to evaluate etiological explanations for health inequalities - Evaluating the distributional impacts of public health interventions and medical innovations - Crucial for measuring the responsiveness of health care systems to those most in need ] --- .footnote[Gakidou et al. *Lancet* (2006)] >"inequalities in composite coverage [of interventions] have been greatly reduced over the past 5 years, since coverage has increased the most in the poorest states and for the poorest deciles of the population." .center[  ] --- ## Inequalities in health are based on *observations* .right-column[ ### .red[We are relatively good at measuring inequalities.]  - Should low social class infants have lower birth weight? - Should smokers get more lung cancer than non-smokers? - Should women live longer than men? ] --- .footnote[Adapted from McGuire et al. *Health Services Research* 2006] .left-column[ ### Anatomy of an Inequality - How much of inequality is *unfair*? - How would you know? ] .right-column[ .center[  ]] --- # Inequality is an ambiguous concept Different measures of inequality emphasize different concepts. .right-column[ >“If a concept has some basic ambiguity, then a precise representation of that ambiguous concept must preserve that ambiguity…This issue is quite central to the need for descriptive accuracy in inequality measurement, which has to be distinguished from fully ranked, unambiguous assertions.” > Amartya Sen, On Economic Inequality, 1997 ] --- ## Measuring inequality: Some issues to consider .left-column[  ] .right-column[ 1. What to measure? Total vs. Social Group Inequality 1. Scale: Is inequality relative or absolute? 1. Simple or complex measures of health inequality? 1. Weighting: Who counts, and for how much? 1. Reference points for measuring inequality: Different from what? ] --- ## What should we measure? .pull-left[ ### Total Health Inequality - complement to measurement of average health - measured across all individuals - avoids normative choice of social groups - facilitates unambiguous comparisons over time/place ] .pull-right[ ### Social Group Differences in Health - measured across normatively important social groups - particular social groups chosen a priori - provide insights into causal processes linking health and social position ] --- .footnote[Asada 2002] .left-column[ ### Health Inequality Between Whom? - Which society has more inequality? - Which one is worse from the perspective of inequality? ] .right-column[  ] ---  .right-column[ - Life-span variation reflects uncertainty in the risk (timing) of death. - People are generally willing to pay to reduce uncertainty. - Heterogeneity is crucial for accurate forecasts in insurance and annuity markets, and should be measured. - Monitoring life-span variation may facilitate early detection of adverse mortality developments and warrant social interventions at younger ages. ] --- .footnote[van Raalte (2018)] .center[  ] --- class: center, top, inverse # .orange[**2. Measuring Inequality**] .left[ ## .gray[**2.1 Conceptual Issues**] ## .orange[**2.2 Absolute and Relative Inequality**] ## .gray[**2.3 Simple vs. Complex Measures**] ## .gray[**2.4 Weighting**] ## .gray[**2.5 Reference Points**] ] --- .left-column[ ### Easy case Evidence of clear progress ] .right-column[ .center[ Trends in infant mortality, Brazil and Colombia, 1980-2006  ]] --- .left-column[ ### Easy case Evidence of clear progress ] .right-column[ .center[ Trends in infant mortality, Brazil and Colombia, 1980-2006  ]] --- .footnote[Source: US NCI SEER*Stat Database] .left-column[ ### Harder case Are black-white inequalities in prostate cancer mortality increasing or decreasing? ] .right-column[ .center[ Black and White Prostate Cancer Mortality Rates  ]] --- .footnote[DeLancey (2008)] .center[  ] --- .footnote[Source: US NCI SEER*Stat Database] .center[  ] --- .footnote[Chapin-Bardales et al. 2017] .left-column[ "Racial disparities rose sharply from 1984 to the early 2000s for Blacks...concerningly, we documented a significant increase from 2006 to 2013." On what scale? ] .right-column[ .center[ New AIDS diagnoses by race/ethnicity, USA 1984-2013  ]] --- .pull-left[ ### Failure to consider the scale on which inequalities are measured can have dramatic impacts on study conclusions. - Steep declines on absolute scale. - Increases on relative scale. ### This also has broad implications for thinking about explanations for inequality trends. - Did the introduction of antiretrovirals exacerbate or mitigate inequalities? ] .pull-right[  ] --- .footnote[Source: US NCI SEER*Stat Database] .left-column[ What if underlying rates are increasing rather than decreasing? Does this also present similar problems for interpreting inequality trends? ] .right-column[  ] --- .footnote[Source: US NCI SEER*Stat Database] .left-column[ What if underlying rates are increasing rather than decreasing? Does this also present similar problems for interpreting inequality trends? ### Yes ] .right-column[  ] --- .footnote[King, Harper, Young *BMJ* (2012)] .left-column[ The prior examples are not isolated. Guidance from WHO and researchers to report **both** absolute and relative inequalities since the 1990s. We found systematic biases toward reporting only relative measures. ] .right-column[  ] --- class: center, middle, inverse # Question for Discussion: # Are absolute or relative inequalities more important? --- # Inequality is an ambiguous concept >### .black[“There is no economic theory that tells us that inequality is relative, not absolute. It is not that one concept is right and the other wrong. Nor are they two ways of measuring the same thing. Rather, they are two different concepts.”] >### .black[Martin Ravallion, World Bank Economist, 2004] --- class: center, top, inverse # .orange[**2. Measuring Inequality**] .left[ ## .gray[**2.1 Conceptual Issues**] ## .gray[**2.2 Absolute and Relative Inequality**] ## .orange[**2.3 Simple vs. Complex Measures**] ## .gray[**2.4 Weighting**] ## .gray[**2.5 Reference Points**] ] --- .footnote[Source: Data2010] .left-column[ ### Pairwise comparisons work well for a few groups ] .right-column[ .center[  ]] --- .footnote[Source: Data2010] .left-column[ ### Additional groups make summary measures appealing ] .right-column[ .center[  ]] --- .footnote[Ezzati et al. (2008)] .left-column[ ### Summary measures definitely needed ] .right-column[ .center[  ]] --- ## Range-type measures: ignore the entire distribution .left-column[ ### .white[x] - Does A or B have 'more' inequality? - Do you have a preference for A or B? ] .right-column[ .center[  ]] --- .left-column[ ### Moving beyond simple comparisons - More complex measures look at the entire distribution. - E.g., Lorenz curve for income, health, or any X: ] .right-column[ .center[  ]] --- # Moving Beyond Binary Comparisons ### Let's rank each education group by where they stand in the population distribution .center[ Distribution of Socioeconomic Position in a Hypothetical Population ] Education Level | % | Cumulative % | Range | Midpoint ------------------|---|:--------:|:--------:|-----------: None | 11.93 | 11.93 | 00.00 – 11.93 | 5.97 <Primary school | 15.04 | 26.97 | 11.93 – 26.97 | 19.45 Primary school | 26.86 | 53.83 | 26.97 – 53.83 | 40.40 Secondary school | 16.05 | 69.88 | 53.83 – 69.88 | 61.86 Beyond Secondary | 30.12 | 100 | 69.88 – 100.0 | 84.94 --- .left-column[ ### Summarizing across SEP - First rank the population by SEP - Then count up the proportion of disease each group accounts for. ] .right-column[ .center[ Relative Concentration Curve  ]] --- .left-column[ ### Summarizing across SEP - Diagonal = no inequality - Curve above diagonal: ill-health concentrated among poorer. - Curve below diagonal: ill-health concentrated among richer. ] .right-column[ .center[ Relative Concentration Curve  ]] --- .left-column[ ### Summarizing across SEP - Concentration Index measures the extent to which disease is 'concentrated' among different SEP groups. ] .right-column[ .center[ Concentration Index  ]] --- ## Formula for writing the Concentration Index .footnote[Kakwani et al. (1997)] .pull-left[ One way of writing the CI is: `$$RCI= \frac{2}{n\mu} \sum_{i=1}^{n}y_{i}R_{i}-1$$` where `\(\mu\)` is the mean of `\(y_{i}\)` (e.g., smoking status), `\(R_{i}\)` is the fractional rank of the *i*th person in the socioeconomic (i.e., income) distribution. ] -- .pull-right[ The Absolute Concentration Index multiplies *RCI* by the mean smoking rate: `$$ACI=\mu*RCI$$` ] --- .left-column[ ### Example of Relative and Absolute CI 1965: Smoking increases with education = + RCI 2003: Smoking decreases with education = - RCI ] .right-column[ .center[  ]] --- .left-column[ ### Slope and Relative Index of Inequality - Conceptually similar to CI - Correlation between SEP rank and health. ] .right-column[  ] --- ### Relationship between rank-based measures .pull-left[ ### Calculating SII Regress health outcome (e.g., smoking) on midpoint of socioeconomic categories, weighted by proportion in the population: `$$y = \beta_{0} + \beta_{1}Rank + \epsilon$$` Slope Index of Inequality = `\(\beta_{1}\)` Measures the average expected change in `\(y\)` when moving from the bottom (0) to the top (1) of the SEP rank distribution. ] -- .pull-right[ ### Relation to the RCI There is a specific parallel with the RCI. If we transform the outcome variable from `\(y\)` to `\(2\sigma^{2}_{Rank}*(y/\mu)\)` and run the following regression: `$$2\sigma^{2}_{Rank}*(y/\mu) = \beta_{0} + \beta_{1}Rank + \epsilon$$` Then `\(\beta_{1}\)` = Relative Concentration Index. ] --- ### Example (Stata) for calculating SII and RII .center[  ] -- ```stata /* regress smoking rate on rank */ reg rate rank [fw=pop], cformat(%4.3f) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ rate | Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] -------------+---------------------------------------------------------------- rank | -0.166 0.003 -48.73 0.000 -0.173 -0.160 _cons | 0.274 0.002 140.41 0.000 0.270 0.278 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ``` The coefficient on the “rank” variable is the estimated change in the rate of illness (e.g., smoking) as one moves from the bottom to the top of the class distribution (decreases by 17 percentage points). --- ## Relative Index of Inequality (RII) .footnote[Pamuk (1985), Kunst and Mackenbach (1995)] .pull-left[ ### 'Original' RII `\(RII = \beta_{1} / \bar{y}\)` `\(RII\)` = -16.6 / 19.1 = -87% This indicates that as one moves from the bottom (0) to the top (1) of SEP distribution the outcome (smoking) decreases by 87% ] -- .pull-right[ ### Kunst-Mackenbach modification `\(RII_{KM} = \beta_{0} / (\beta_{0} + \beta_{1})\)` `\(RII_{KM}\)` = 27.4 / 10.8 = 2.5 Interpreted as the ratio of health for the bottom vs. the top of the socioeconomic distribution (analogous to more traditional RR used in epidemiologic studies). ] --- .footnote[Hosseinpoor (2013)] .left-column[ ## The measure may matter! ] .right-column[ .center[  ]] --- ## Two mechanisms for changing inequality .footnote[Renard (2019)] Size of social groups will also change SII/RII without mortality change. Increasing the size of higher educated groups (e.g., larger share with higher education) increases inequality: .center[  ] --- class: center, top, inverse # .orange[**2. Measuring Inequality**] .left[ ## .gray[**2.1 Conceptual Issues**] ## .gray[**2.2 Absolute and Relative Inequality**] ## .gray[**2.3 Simple vs. Complex Measures**] ## .orange[**2.4 Weighting**] ## .gray[**2.5 Reference Points**] ] --- .left-column[ ### Is the amount of inequality the same in these two societies? ] .right-column[  ] --- .footnote[Quach et al. (2012)] .left-column[ No way to 'rank' ethnicity Groups differ in size Should we account for it? ] .right-column[ .center[ How to summarize this variation by ethnicity?  ]] --- ### Index of Disparity .footnote[Pearcy and Keppel (1999)] .pull-left[ Measures the mean deviation of the group rates from some reference point as a proportion of that reference point `$$ID = \sum_{j=1}^{J}(|y_{j} - y_{ref}|/n)/y_{ref}$$` Where `\(y_{j}\)` is the rate in group `\(j\)`, `\(y_{ref}\)` is the rate for the reference point, and `\(J\)` is the number of groups, or the number of groups minus 1 if one of the groups is the reference point. ] .pull-right[ Note that ID has a few important but potentially modifiable characteristics: - Measures relative inequality - Does not account for population size of groups - Uses best observed health as reference level Interpretation is also a little awkward: the average deviation across social groups as a proportion of the reference level Are there alternatives? ] --- .left-column[ ### Inequality as 'Disproportionality' Compares shares of health or disease with shares of the population. Perfect equality: %pop = %health ] .right-column[ .center[  ]] --- .left-column[ Alternative: Mean Log Deviation - weights by pop - measures difference in log shares Sensitive to 'transfers' at different points of health distribution. ] .right-column[  ] --- .left-column[ Does it matter? Ezzati et al.: "There was a .red[steady increase in mortality inequality] across the US counties between 1983 and 1999, resulting from stagnation or increase in mortality among the worst-off segment of the population." ] .right-column[ .center[Geographic inequalities in life expectancy  ]] --- .footnote[Harper et al. (2010)] .left-column[ Compared weighted to unweighted inequality measures Across: - counties - states - regions ] .right-column[ .center[  ]] --- class: center, top, inverse # .orange[**2. Measuring Inequality**] .left[ ## .gray[**2.1 Conceptual Issues**] ## .gray[**2.2 Absolute and Relative Inequality**] ## .gray[**2.3 Simple vs. Complex Measures**] ## .gray[**2.4 Weighting**] ## .orange[**2.5 Reference Points**] ] --- .center[  ] --- .center[  ] --- .center[  ] --- ## Conclusions .left-column[  ] .right-column[ Measures of health inequality are not value neutral. - Scale of measurement (absolute/relative) - Weighting: how much and to whom? - Reference points: different from what standard? The choices above have an important impact on our judgments of both the magnitude of health inequality and whether health inequalities are worsening or improving. Monitoring health inequalities requires both precise measurement and value judgments—they are inseparable. A suite of health inequality measures is likely necessary to provide a complete description of the magnitude of inequality. ] --- class: center, top, inverse # .orange[**Break!**] ☕
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US sends first Honduran to Guatemala under new asylum deal
Rights groups slam controversial asylum agreement between Guatemala and United States.
by Jeff AbbottGuatemala City, Guatemala - The first Honduran asylum seeker arrived in Guatemala on Thursday from the United States under a new agreement between the Trump administration and Guatemalan government that has been slammed by rights groups.
The Honduran migrant, who has not been identified, arrived in Guatemala City from El Paso, Texas on Thursday morning.
More:
-
Rights groups slam Mexico detention of documented asylum seekers
-
US held record 69,550 migrant children in custody in 2019: Report
-
Rights groups slam US plan to collect DNA from migrants
Guatemalan Interior Minister Enrique Degenhart confirmed that more flights with asylum seekers will arrive in the coming week.
"We are awaiting for the United States to indicate to us how many people will be ready," he said.
On Wednesday, The Trump administration officially published details of the so-called "safe third country" agreement, which was signed in July by Degenhart. The agreement allows US immigration authorities to require asylum seekers to first apply for asylum in Guatemala prior to attempting to come to the US.
Immigrant rights groups have criticised the plan, saying it is inconceivable that migrants would be sent to a country that has high levels of violence and poverty. Tens of thousands of Guatemalans fled the country last year to seek asylum in the US.
"The government is incapable of receiving these people," said Eva Arriaza, a 41-year-old migrant rights activist in La Libertad, Guatemala.
"[The government] is incapable of supporting its own people, there is extreme malnutrition, for example," she told Al Jazeera.
According to Degenhart, the asylum-seeking man, who arrived on Thursday, will be processed and eventually sent back to Honduras at his request.
Degenhart told Reuters News Agency on Saturday that he expected some Salvadorans and Hondurans would request to return to their home countries instead of waiting in Guatemala.
On Thursday, Degenhart said asylum seekers would be processed in Guatemala, but their stay and shelter in the country would be the responsibility of the UN immigration and asylum agencies.
'Putting people at risk'
The agreement faced legal challenges in Guatemala's Constitutional Court, the country's highest court. The court initially blocked the agreement, ruling on July 14 that the agreement must be approved by the country's congress.
But Degenhart said his office had determined that there was no need for approval from congress.
Degenhart said, "This work that is being done in conjunction with the United States is to pursue and disarticulate the operational capacities of the structures of transnational organised crime."
But rights groups say such policies will push more migrants to pursue dangerous means to arrive in the US.
"People are looking for other forms of reaching the United States," Wolkte said. "These policies are not disincentivising migration, but rather it is putting people further at risk."
The US Department of Homeland Security did not respond to Al Jazeera's request at the time of publication.
Alejandro Giammattei, Guatemala's incoming president, has said he will evaluate the "safe third country" deal upon taking office in January.


This intention adds a log ID to a supported log statement that does not yet have one.
Note: The intention is made available for calls to enabled log frameworks
with log messages starting with a literal expression. (see "Log Support" project configuration)


Facilitates easy import of analysis ready World Health Organisation Tuberculosis data and provides plotting functions for exploratory data analysis.
| Version: | 0.5.6 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 2.10) |
| Imports: | data.table, tibble, dplyr, tidyr, purrr, ggplot2, magrittr, plotly, ggthemes, viridis, scales |
| Suggests: | devtools, testthat, vdiffr, covr, pkgnet, rmarkdown, knitr, tidyverse, shiny, shinydashboard, shinyWidgets, shinycssloaders |
| Published: | 2018-11-15 |
| Author: | Sam Abbott [aut, cre] |
| Maintainer: | Sam Abbott <contact at samabbott.co.uk> |
| BugReports: | https://github.com/seabbs/getTBinR/issues |
| License: | GPL-3 | file LICENSE |
| URL: | https://www.samabbott.co.uk/getTBinR, https://github.com/seabbs/getTBinR |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Materials: | README NEWS |
| CRAN checks: | getTBinR results |
| Reference manual: | getTBinR.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
Exploring Estimates of the Tuberculosis Case Fatality Ratio Exploring Global Trends in Tuberculosis Incidence Rates Getting started with getTBinR |
| Package source: | getTBinR_0.5.6.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: getTBinR_0.5.6.zip, r-release: getTBinR_0.5.6.zip, r-oldrel: getTBinR_0.5.6.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: getTBinR_0.5.6.tgz, r-oldrel: getTBinR_0.5.6.tgz |
| Old sources: | getTBinR archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=getTBinR to link to this page.


Inside the stunning penthouse for sale in Bristol that'll set you back £1m
The Grade-II listed property has had a stunning makeover
by Danny ShawImagine if you could enjoy the comfort of a stylish, Grade-II listed property within the liveliness of Bristol’s city centre.

This penthouse is one of three converted flats located on the King Edward VII wing of the former Bristol General Hospital.
The flats fuse traditional exteriors with contemporary living spaces, providing a luxurious retreat, just minutes away from the hustle and bustle of the city centre.
Look inside the penthouse here
View gallery
The property is located on Guinea Street, around half a mile from Bristol Temple Meads.
The penthouse spans three floors, has three bedrooms, with the en-suite master bedroom boasting a walk-in dressing room.
You can even enjoy breath-taking views of the harbour from the comfort of a deep bath.
The living room/dining area has soaring ceilings and windows that ensure this is a light and airy space.
Double doors connect the impressive living space to the spacious kitchen. The kitchen itself has fully-integrated Neff appliances.
There’s also a family bathroom, an office area and a utility room.
Cars and bikes are also safe and secure in an underground car park and designated bike shed.
You can view more information here.


Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
30 mins to 1 hour
Serves
Serves 24 scone fingers
Dietary
Paul serves his scones in fingers with a homemade strawberry and champagne compôte for a modern take on this British classic.
To make the strawberry compôte, put the strawberries, sugar and lemon juice into a large pan and gently mix together.
On a low heat, warm the mixture. Once the sugar has dissolved increase the heat and boil rapidly for five minutes. Remove the pan from the heat and stir in the butter.
Leave to cool for 15 minutes, then stir in the champagne. Pour into sterilised jars.
To make the scone fingers, preheat the oven to 220C/425F/Gas 7 and line a baking tray with baking parchment.
Place the flour, baking powder and sugar in a bowl. Add the butter and rub in using your fingers until the mixture resembles breadcrumbs.
Add the eggs and mix in. Gradually add the milk bringing everything together to form a soft dough. You may not need all the milk.
Sprinkle a generous handful of flour onto a work surface. Tip the dough out onto it and sprinkle more flour on top. Use your hands to fold the dough in half, and then turn 90 degrees and repeat. Do this a few times until a smooth dough is formed. If the dough becomes sticky, use extra flour to coat your hands but try not to overwork the dough.
Sprinkle a little more flour onto the work surface. Roll out the dough to 1.5cm/ ½in thick and into a rectangle approximately 22x25cm/9x10in. Trim the edges to neaten the rectangle.
 Score the dough to mark out finger-sized rectangles (two lines vertically and eight horizontally to make 24 scone fingers).
Brush the top with egg wash and bake for 15-17 minutes, or until risen and golden-brown. Remove from the oven and cut through the scored lines to make the fingers. Leave to cool.
Serve the scone fingers with the strawberry compôte and clotted cream.


CrimPapers
Articles published on 25 January 2018
On 25 January 2018, 5 new articles were published in 4 journals.
Correction To: Systematic Quantitative Literature Review on Criminological Theories in Asia
Judging Mechanistic Neuroscience: A Preliminary Conceptual-Analytic Framework For Evaluating Scientific Evidence in the Courtroom by Emily Baron, Jacqueline Sullivan
Whither Neoliberal Penality? the Past, Present and Future of Imprisonment in the Us by Sappho Xenakis, Leonidas K Cheliotis
(re)constituting Community: Takfir and Institutional Design in Tunisia and Yemen by Ian M. Hartshorn, Stacey Philbrick Yadav
“Do Unto Others Before They Do Unto You” by Ivan Strenski


Licenses of Projects, Classes and Libraries used in is application.
Copyright 2008-2011 Google Inc. Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
Copyright 2013 Benjamin Weiss Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
Copyright 2014 Thomas Bouron Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
Copyright 2013 Andreas Stuetz Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.


Database Management Systems
Database:
Database is a collection of inter-related data which helps in efficient retrieval, insertion and deletion of data from database and organizes the data in the form of tables, views, schemas, reports etc. For Example, university database organizes the data about students, faculty, and admin staff etc. which helps in efficient retrieval, insertion and deletion of data from it.
Database Management System:
The software which is used to manage database is called Database Management System (DBMS). For Example, MySQL, Oracle etc. are popular commercial DBMS used in different applications. DBMS allows users the following tasks:
1. Data Definition: It helps in creation, modification and removal of definitions that define the organization of data in database.
2. Data Updation:- It helps in insertion, modification and deletion of the actual data in the database.
3. Data Retrieval:- It helps in retrieval of data from the database which can be used by applications for various purposes.4. User Administration:- It helps in registering and monitoring users, enforcing data security, monitoring performance, maintaining data integrity, dealing with concurrency control and recovering information corrupted by unexpected failure.
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June 10, 2014
Goal: avoid making arbitrary/data-driven decisions that go undocumented or unreported
knit (weave) data analysis code to the report
track versions and collaborate over countless iterations
Programs are meant to be read by humans and only incidentally for computers to execute.
knit
to create results.doc
\(\rightarrow\) .docx
Plain-text formatting. Indicate what elements represent, not how they should look. Minimal, yet flexible, html is interpreted correctly.
Three backticks:
```{r my-first-chunk, results='asis'} ## code goes in here and gets evaluated ```
See http://yihui.name/knitr/options#chunk_options for all available options.
Inline code uses single backticks
Here I am using `#r rnorm(1)`
to generate a random digit: 0.2392. (Omit the pound sign)
Raw output using the mtcars
dataset:
```{r mtcars-example} summary(lm(mpg ~ hp + wt, data = mtcars)) ```
## ## Call: ## lm(formula = mpg ~ hp + wt, data = mtcars) ## ## Residuals: ## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max ## -3.941 -1.600 -0.182 1.050 5.854 ## ## Coefficients: ## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) ## (Intercept) 37.22727 1.59879 23.28 < 2e-16 *** ## hp -0.03177 0.00903 -3.52 0.0015 ** ## wt -3.87783 0.63273 -6.13 1.1e-06 *** ## --- ## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1 ## ## Residual standard error: 2.59 on 29 degrees of freedom ## Multiple R-squared: 0.827, Adjusted R-squared: 0.815 ## F-statistic: 69.2 on 2 and 29 DF, p-value: 9.11e-12
Since markdown interprets html, we can use kable
to generate html tables from R
```{r table-example, results='asis'} kable(head(mtcars)) ```
| mpg | cyl | disp | hp | drat | wt | qsec | vs | am | gear | carb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mazda RX4 | 21.0 | 6 | 160 | 110 | 3.90 | 2.620 | 16.46 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 4 |
| Mazda RX4 Wag | 21.0 | 6 | 160 | 110 | 3.90 | 2.875 | 17.02 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 4 |
| Datsun 710 | 22.8 | 4 | 108 | 93 | 3.85 | 2.320 | 18.61 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 |
| Hornet 4 Drive | 21.4 | 6 | 258 | 110 | 3.08 | 3.215 | 19.44 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
| Hornet Sportabout | 18.7 | 8 | 360 | 175 | 3.15 | 3.440 | 17.02 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 |
| Valiant | 18.1 | 6 | 225 | 105 | 2.76 | 3.460 | 20.22 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
```{r mt-plot} library(ggplot2) ggplot(mtcars, aes(y = mpg, x = wt, size = hp)) + geom_point() + stat_smooth(method = "lm", se = FALSE) ```
R
outputThere are three functions I'm aware of that will help create output tables.
kable
in the knitr
package
xtable
in the xtable
package
xtable()
others to print.xtable()
stargazer
in the stargazer
package
kable
example```{r kable, results = 'asis'} kable(head(mtcars), digits = 2, align = c(rep("l", 4), rep("c", 4), rep("r", 4))) ```
| mpg | cyl | disp | hp | drat | wt | qsec | vs | am | gear | carb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mazda RX4 | 21.0 | 6 | 160 | 110 | 3.90 | 2.62 | 16.46 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 4 |
| Mazda RX4 Wag | 21.0 | 6 | 160 | 110 | 3.90 | 2.88 | 17.02 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 4 |
| Datsun 710 | 22.8 | 4 | 108 | 93 | 3.85 | 2.32 | 18.61 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 |
| Hornet 4 Drive | 21.4 | 6 | 258 | 110 | 3.08 | 3.21 | 19.44 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
| Hornet Sportabout | 18.7 | 8 | 360 | 175 | 3.15 | 3.44 | 17.02 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 |
| Valiant | 18.1 | 6 | 225 | 105 | 2.76 | 3.46 | 20.22 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
xtable
example```{r xtable, results = 'asis'} library(xtable) print(xtable(head(mtcars, 3)), type = "html") ```
| mpg | cyl | disp | hp | drat | wt | qsec | vs | am | gear | carb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mazda RX4 | 21.00 | 6.00 | 160.00 | 110.00 | 3.90 | 2.62 | 16.46 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 |
| Mazda RX4 Wag | 21.00 | 6.00 | 160.00 | 110.00 | 3.90 | 2.88 | 17.02 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 |
| Datsun 710 | 22.80 | 4.00 | 108.00 | 93.00 | 3.85 | 2.32 | 18.61 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 4.00 | 1.00 |
stargazer
example```{r star, results = 'asis', warning=FALSE, message=FALSE} library(stargazer, quietly = TRUE) fit1 <- lm(mpg ~ wt, mtcars) fit2 <- lm(mpg ~ wt + hp, mtcars) fit3 <- lm(mpg ~ wt + hp + disp, mtcars) stargazer(fit1, fit2, fit3, type = 'html') ```
| Dependent variable: | |||
| mpg | |||
| (1) | (2) | (3) | |
| wt | -5.344*** | -3.878*** | -3.801*** |
| (0.559) | (0.633) | (1.066) | |
| hp | -0.032*** | -0.031** | |
| (0.009) | (0.011) | ||
| disp | -0.001 | ||
| (0.010) | |||
| Constant | 37.280*** | 37.230*** | 37.110*** |
| (1.878) | (1.599) | (2.111) | |
| Observations | 32 | 32 | 32 |
| R2 | 0.753 | 0.827 | 0.827 |
| Adjusted R2 | 0.745 | 0.815 | 0.808 |
| Residual Std. Error | 3.046 (df = 30) | 2.593 (df = 29) | 2.639 (df = 28) |
| F Statistic | 91.380*** (df = 1; 30) | 69.210*** (df = 2; 29) | 44.570*** (df = 3; 28) |
| Note: | p<0.1; p<0.05; p<0.01 |
Generate every in-text number from code. paste
and sprintf
are my friends.
paste_meansd <- function(x, digits = 2, na.rm = TRUE){ paste0(round(mean(x, na.rm = na.rm), digits), " (", round(sd(x, na.rm = na.rm), digits), ")") } ## The mean (sd) of a random sample of normals is `r paste_meansd(rnorm(100))`
The mean (sd) of a random sample of normals is 0.17 (1.01)
sprint_CI95 <- function(mu, se, trans = function(x) x) { lim <- trans(mu + c(-1.96, 1.96)*se) sprintf("%.2f (95%% CI: %.2f to %.2f)", mu, lim[1], lim[2]) } bfit <- lm(hp ~ disp, mtcars) ## The coefficient estimate is `r sprint_CI95(bfit$coeff[2], sqrt(diag(vcov(bfit)))[2])`
The coefficient estimate is 0.44 (95% CI: 0.32 to 0.56).
The important ones:
dev
, graphics device. E.g. pdf, png, check out tikzDevice
if you are creating pdf output:
path
where to save the plot filesfig_width
, fig_height
, in inches. Can also be set globally.fig_align
, left, right or centerOther options
include = FALSE
evaluates code but doesn't include anythingecho = FALSE
don't display resultswarning = FALSE
don't display warningscache = TRUE
cache results for long-running stuffOutput and rendering can be customized endlessly. knitr
is written in R
to process chunks, so write your own functions. These types of functions are called "hooks". For example, in this document I used a custom hook to display the code chunks as they appear:
knit_hooks$set(source = function(x, options){ if (!is.null(options$verbatim) && options$verbatim){ opts = gsub(",\\s*verbatim\\s*=\\s*TRUE\\s*", "", options$params.src) bef = sprintf('\n\n ```{r %s}\n', opts, "\n") stringr::str_c( bef, knitr:::indent_block(paste(x, collapse = '\n'), " "), "\n ```\n" ) } else { stringr::str_c("\n\n```", tolower(options$engine), "\n", paste(x, collapse = '\n'), "\n```\n\n" ) } })
Credit: Ramnath Vaidyanathan
knit
documentspandoc
pdf_document
, word_document
, html_document
beamer_presentation
, ioslides_presentation
bibliography: mybib.bib
@paperkey
--- title: "Some Tools for Reproducible Research" author: "Michael Sachs" date: "June 10, 2014" output: ioslides_presentation ---
Full source for this presentation available http://github.com/sachsmc/knit-git-markr-guide
Your closest collaborator is you six months ago, but you don't reply to emails.
git
and Githubgit
and http://github.com make version control and collaboration easierA recent paper I worked on used data from a disease registry, which released "frozen" databases quarterly. While working on the revisions, a new database was released. I used to new database to update the analysis because it contained the most reliable and up to date information. After completing the revisions, I received this email from the lead author (this was in 2013 btw):
"As you can see from the paper I sent you, it is almost complete and I do not want to re-write it. Therefore, I just want the data described in the e-mail below from the June 1, 2011 data freeze. … Is it possible to reconstruct the data inquiry as per what was originally delivered?"
I had not saved prior versions of the analysis code, not to mention the manuscript with all of the results incorporated into the text. My only option at that point was to start over.
Another statistician took over an analysis for a manuscript that I thought was complete. Here is a real email exchange
"The manuscript says that out of 1350 participants there were 411 with incident AFib. However, when I run your code to create the dataset, I only end up with 232. The AFib data came from a file called 'mathew_main'. Did you use anything else to get the extra AFib cases?"
My response:
"I'm not 100% sure about anything without looking at my code. Which file are you going on? There should be a dated .Rnw file my Afib folder that contains all the analysis code. I believe that calls an R script called "load-data-chs.R". The mathew_main file does not sound familiar, I suspect that is from a very old version of the paper. "
:(
Applied papers that I've worked on had between 5 and 13 authors. Inevitably, a "final" draft of the manuscript (usually a Word document) gets circulated via email and comments or suggestions are solicited. Here are the typical types of responses that I get:
The challenge is to incorporate (or not) all of the changes from a variety of collaborators, while keeping a record of who has contributed what.
Once a paper gets published, occasionally people want to use or extend the method.
"I would be very grateful if you are able to help me implement this tool in my dataset as well."
"Could you please send me your code so that I can try to apply it to my example? "
"Would you please kindly e-mail me your article and other works in that field promptly.?"
Email is an ineffective tool for sharing code, data, documents
git
Begin tracking using git init
. This creates a hidden file that tells git
what to track.
mkdir my-first-repo cd my-first-repo git init
Now add content. Copy over documents or code, or create new files.
echo "This is a *readme* file for my-first-repo" > readme.md
Check the status of the tracker by running git status
. It will inform you that a file has been changed but it is not tracked:
On branch master Initial commit Untracked files: (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed) readme.md nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
Track the new files (the .
means add everything in the directory):
git add .
my-first-repo sachsmc$ git status Initial commit Changes to be committed: (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage) new file: readme.md
Commit the changes making sure to include a detailed description of what was changed.
my-first-repo sachsmc$ git commit -m "Added readme.md" [master (root-commit) f92799f] Added readme.md 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) create mode 100644 readme.md
git
.tex
file, some analyses in .R
with data and outputCommits do not affect the other branch
Push all of her changes to github, then submit a pull request.
git
is a structured approach to tracking content
git
git revert
| Topic | Link |
|---|---|
| KBroman's UWisc Class | https://kbroman.github.io/Tools4RR/pages/schedule.html |
| Github tutorials | http://guides.github.com/ |
| Possible workflows | http://www.atlassian.com/git/workflows |
| Another tutorial | http://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorial |
| Knitr homepage | http://yihui.name/knitr/ |
| rmarkdown documentation | http://rmarkdown.rstudio.com/ |
More stuff and source available


Hashes vs. Objects
December 28, 2015
For the last three weeks we've been learning about Ruby to perform simple tasks, but this week we've begun learning JavaScript. Not related at all to the language, Java, JavaScript was named simply as a marketing ploy to increase interest in the language at its creation. We've learned a little about how JavaScript works, and how it's very similar to what we've learned in Ruby. They have similar structures and use a lot of the same types of data such as strings, arrays, and integers, and they can all be managed in the same ways. One major difference in data storage in these two languages is that while Ruby uses hashes for key/value data pairing, JavaScript uses objects to store multiple layers of information.
We all know how hashes in Ruby work, they have keys that return values and thos values can be any type of class object. JavaScript's objects can also hold attributes with values. JavaScript has some more mobility in this area, as the object can also be treated similarly to Ruby's classes. JavaScript objects can contain variables that can be accessed and manipulated, as well as functions that use the object's stored data. This feature is similar to the way we can add attribute accessors and custom methods to our classes in Ruby.
Here's a short example of a JavaScript object that houses attributes and functions. It comes from one of this week's challenges, "Design a Basic Game".
In this code, I have created an object called "partner" to go along with the hero of the game that I designed. The partner has attribute values for a name, strength, health, and whether they are alive or not. There are also a few functions that can be done by the partner like searching the room for items, and subfunctions specifying effects for what the partner had found in the room. They can all be called with "partner.attribute" or "partner.function()"
In Ruby, you have to add an attribute modifier or accessor for your attributes to be accessible outside of your class, but in JavaScript, they're all accessible for reading and manipulation. They can even be modified and referred to by other objects by calling them with the syntax, "object.attribute", just as you do with accessible attributes in Ruby.
I think it's fair to say that JavaScript's objects are more versatile than Ruby's hashes in the sense that there are more types of data that can be stored in them. While objects can house variables, strings, arrays, and integers the same way hashes do, they can also house functions that can be applied to the data it stores and manipulate other objects.


We are bringing together tech professionals, students and hobbyists in the Texas Panhandle.
Please join our Meetup Group.


LIBRECAD(1) LIBRECAD(1) NAME LIBRECAD - A professional CAD System. DESCRIPTION LibreCAD is a professional CAD System. With LibreCAD you can easily con‐ struct and change drawings with ISO-texts and many other features and save them as DXF-files. These DXF-files are the interface to many CAD- systems such as AutoCAD(R) and many others. LibreCAD has no special invocation parameters. You can find the useful docs in /usr/share/doc/librecad Debian GNU/Linux January 2010 LIBRECAD(1)


I am just stating ot learn about HTML and web development. I am enjoying all that I have learned and hope to continue learning!
While my skills are fairly new, I enjoy writting code when I can!
Find me on Twitter!


Which timebox and habits techniques did you try ?
I have been a follower of B.J. Fogg for a while and the video given to us in the course material worked as a great reminder for me. I had actually seen that ages ago but it did not click as it clicked this time. I really want to improve my writing, so I have decided to write a few lines around any topic every time I refill my teapot during the day. I use Timeboxing, Pomodoro and meditation in my daily routine. I have found these especially useful while working on multiple projects, especially when there is a chance of too much noise in your mind due to heavy workload.
What did you find interesting ?
The most interesting part for me was the fact that these productivity tips were a part of the course material. I found the material really useful to remind myself that I need to keep a check on the noise in my mind. I need to make sure that I am following good time management and focusing habits.
What worked for you ?
To be frank I have not had the chance to try the new habits for too long. I might be able to revise this answer in a weeks time with some useful stats. I am very excited about the new writing habit, so will update the progress in a week.
Which will you experiment further with ?
I will definitely use the tiny habits method for cultivating more productivity habits.


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To obtain a challenging position within a creative capacity that will utilize my skills and experience in the Frontend Dev Line team and to solve problems
Experience
Coordination Supervisor and Quality Auditor
2011 to Present: Onur Air Tasimacilik A.S
Ensures coordination with ground handling companies regarding to all Onur Air ground operation activities that comply excellent service
Evaluating ground handling companies by internal and external reports such as crew reports, aviation authorities findings and customer complaints, making sure that ground handlings take necessary corrective and preventive actions.
Makes Audit Report regularly, Find out Root Cause of issues and document framework to avoid future problems.


class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # Predator-prey (consumer-resource) interactions ### Christopher Moore ### Week 06 --- class: inverse, center, middle ![Grey Grey Owl](https://cdn.thinglink.me/api/image/690547197309091840/1240/10/scaletowidth) # Predator-prey (consumer-resource) interactions, example I --- class: inverse, center, middle ![Oak](https://acornsonglendotcom.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/oak.jpg) --- # Lotka and Volterra - Alfred J. Lotka, American, first proposed predator-prey model in 1910 but more generally in 1925 -- - Vito Volterra, Italian, inspired by fisheries data, published 1926 -- *Lotka-Volterra* is used to describe (nearly) any two-species models, generally; but when used alone it refers to their independently-derived predator-prey model --- # General two-species model `$$\begin{aligned} \frac{dR}{dt} &= f_1(R, C) \\ \frac{dC}{dt} &= f_2(R, C) \end{aligned}$$` -- Predators and prey (consumers and resources) also symbolically represented respectively as `\(V\)` and `\(P\)` (in book; victim and predator), `\(N_1\)` and `\(N_2\)`, and `\(H\)` and `\(P\)` among others. --- # **T**he Lotka-Volterra model We *minimally* have four componenets to add to a model of predator and prey dynamics: -- 1. Prey needs to grow 2. Prey get eaten 3. Predators grow by eating prey 4. Predators must die -- Let's represent these processes using the following -- 1. `\(+rR\)` -- 2. `\(-aRC\)` -- 3. `\(+bRC\)` -- 4. `\(-mC\)` --- # **T**he Lotka-Volterra model Putting the pieces together: 1. Prey growth, `\(+rR\)` 2. Predators removing prey, `\(-aRC\)` 3. Predator growth from eating prey, `\(+bRC\)` 4. Predators die, `\(-mC\)` -- `$$\begin{aligned} \frac{dR}{dt} &= rR - aRC \\ \frac{dC}{dt} &= bRC - mC \end{aligned}$$` -- . . . before we analyze this model, let's consider a simpler, more familiar case between two species --- # Neutralism The case where two species do not affect one another. -- Let's write down the coupled equations for two species, but without interaction, behaving as single species do (logistically). Write each species as `\(N_1\)` and `\(N_2\)`. -- `$$\begin{aligned} \frac{dN_1}{dt} &= r_1N_1 - \alpha _1N_1^2 \\ \frac{dN_2}{dt} &= r_2N_2 - \alpha _2 N_2^2 \end{aligned}$$` or `$$\begin{aligned} \frac{dN_1}{dt} &= r_1N_1\left(\frac{K_1 - N_1}{K_1}\right) \\ \frac{dN_2}{dt} &= r_2N_2\left(\frac{K_2 - N_2}{K_2}\right) \end{aligned}$$` --- # Neutralism time series: code ```r neutralism <- function(t, y, parameters) { N1 <- y[1] N2 <- y[2] r1 <- parameters[1] r2 <- parameters[2] a1 <- parameters[3] a2 <- parameters[4] dN1 <- r1*N1 - a1*N1^2 dN2 <- r2*N2 - a2*N2^2 return(list(c(dN1, dN2))) } n.parms <- c(r1 = 0.55, r2 = 0.5, a1 = 0.02, a2 = 0.01) times <- seq(from = 0, to = 20, by = 0.1) init <- c(N1 = 2, N2 = 0.5) neut.out <- ode(y = init, times = times, parms = n.parms, func = neutralism) ``` --- # Neutralism time series: plot ```r plot(x = neut.out[,1], y= neut.out[,2], lwd = 2, las = 1, xlab = "Time", ylab = "Density", type = "l", ylim = c(0, max(neut.out)), col = "#0000FFFF") lines(x = neut.out[,1], y= neut.out[,3], lwd = 2, col = "red") ``` ![](Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-2-1.png)<!-- --> --- # Neutralism in state space ```r plot(x = neut.out[,2], y= neut.out[,3], lwd = 2, las = 1, xlab = bquote(N[1]), ylab = bquote(N[2]), type = "p", ylim = c(0, max(neut.out)), xlim = c(0, max(neut.out)), col = cp, pch = 16) ``` ![](Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-4-1.png)<!-- --> *dark and light colors respectively correspond to early and later points in time* --- # Neutralism: animated I. Both `\(N_1\)` and `\(N_2\)` below equilibirum <video width="800" height="400" controls loop> <source src="Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/Neutralism.mp4" type="video/mp4"> </video> --- # Neutralism: animated II. `\(N_1\)` below and `\(N_2\)` above their equilibiria <video width="800" height="400" controls loop> <source src="Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/NeutralismII.mp4" type="video/mp4"> </video> --- # Neutralism: animated III. `\(N_1\)` above and `\(N_2\)` below their equilibiria <video width="800" height="400" controls loop> <source src="Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/NeutralismIII.mp4" type="video/mp4"> </video> --- # Neutralism: animated IV. `\(N_1\)` and `\(N_2\)` above their equilibiria <video width="800" height="400" controls loop> <source src="Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/NeutralismIV.mp4" type="video/mp4"> </video> --- # Neutralism: animated All four starting points (initial conditions) showing different behaviours <video width="400" height="400" controls loop> <source src="Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/NeutralismALL.mp4" type="video/mp4"> </video> --- # Nullclines: the trajectory separators **Nullclines** describe the curves (including lines) on a phase plane towards or away from which a populations will grow. This is analagous to the concept of an equilibirum, but on a plane (2 dimensions) populations will grow towards or away from a line instead of a point. -- If we were to plot a logistic-growing population against something arbitrary, like the number of angels dancing on the head of a pin, then we could create a plane that looks something like this: -- ![](Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-6-1.png)<!-- --> --- # Nullclines: the trajectory separators **Nullclines** describe the curves (including lines) on a phase plane towards or away from which a populations will grow. This is analagous to the concept of an equilibirum, but on a plane (2 dimensions) populations will grow towards or away from a line instead of a point. If we were to plot a logistic-growing population against something arbitrary, like the number of angels dancing on the head of a pin, then we could create a plane that looks something like this: ![](Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-7-1.png)<!-- --> --- # Nullclines: the trajectory separators **Nullclines** describe the curves (including lines) on a phase plane towards or away from which a populations will grow. This is analagous to the concept of an equilibirum, but on a plane (2 dimensions) populations will grow towards or away from a line instead of a point. If we were to plot a logistic-growing population against something arbitrary, like the number of angels dancing on the head of a pin, then we could create a plane that looks something like this: ![](Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-8-1.png)<!-- --> --- # Nullclines: the trajectory separators **Nullclines** describe the curves (including lines) on a phase plane towards or away from which a populations will grow. This is analagous to the concept of an equilibirum, but on a plane (2 dimensions) populations will grow towards or away from a line instead of a point. If we were to plot a logistic-growing population against something arbitrary, like the number of angels dancing on the head of a pin, then we could create a plane that looks something like this, **or like this**: ![](Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-9-1.png)<!-- --> --- # Nullclines: the trajectory separators Now, if we had **two** populations/variables (say, `\(N_1\)` and `\(N_2\)`), neither of which are interacting with one another, what would we expect to see? -- ![](Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-10-1.png)<!-- --> --- # Nullclines: the trajectory separators Now, if we had **two** populations/variables (say, `\(N_1\)` and `\(N_2\)`), neither of which are interacting with one another, what would we expect to see, **more simply**? ![](Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-11-1.png)<!-- --> --- # Nullclines: the trajectory separators Now, if we had **two** populations/variables (say, `\(N_1\)` and `\(N_2\)`), neither of which are interacting with one another, what would we expect to see, **more simply**? ![](Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-12-1.png)<!-- --> --- # Nullclines: calculation -- Set `\(\frac{dN_i}{dt} = 0\)` for each equation, put into a graphical form (isolate the variable on the vertical axis), plot, . . . and crush it. ![CRUSH](http://trabalhosujo.com.br/wp/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/eleven.gif) -- Find the nullclines for the neutralism model . . . and plot them (one for each species). --- # Nullclines: calculation The model `$$\begin{aligned} \frac{dN_1}{dt} &= r_1N_1 - \alpha _1N_1^2 \\ \frac{dN_2}{dt} &= r_2N_2 - \alpha _2N_2^2 \end{aligned}$$` -- Setting each subequation to 0 `$$\begin{aligned} 0 &= r_1N_1 - \alpha _1N_1^2 \\ 0 &= r_2N_2 - \alpha _2N_2^2 \end{aligned}$$` -- .pull-left[ For `\(N_1\)` `$$\begin{aligned} N^*_1 &= 0 \\ N^*_1 &= \frac{r_1}{\alpha _1} \end{aligned}$$` ] -- .pull-right[ For `\(N_2\)` `$$\begin{aligned} N^*_2 &= 0 \\ N^*_2 &= \frac{r_2}{\alpha _2} \end{aligned}$$` ] --- # Nullclines: plot your results ![](Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-13-1.png)<!-- --> --- # Nullclines: plot your results ![](Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-14-1.png)<!-- --> --- # Neutralism: using R to graph dynamics We will use a package called `phaseR` that is found in the **C**omprehensive **R** **A**rchive **N**etwork (CRAN). -- You can download pacakges using the function `install.packages(pkgs = )`. Let's `install.packages(pkgs = "phaseR")`. -- Now that it is installed and saved to your personal R library, let's load it: `library(package = "phaseR")`. --- # Neutralism: using R to graph dynamics We have to call (1) `parms`, `parameters` **and** (2) `state`, `y` in our function to play with `phaseR` (it's terrible, I know; I am sincerely sorry) ```r neutralism <- function(t, y, parameters) { N1 <- y[1] N2 <- y[2] r1 <- parameters[1] r2 <- parameters[2] a1 <- parameters[3] a2 <- parameters[4] dN1 <- r1*N1 - a1*N1^2 dN2 <- r2*N2 - a2*N2^2 return(list(c(dN1, dN2))) } init <- c(N1 = 0.1, N2 = 0.05) parm.vals <- c(r1 = 2/3, r2 = 2/3, a1 = 1, a2 = 1) ``` Then, let's plot the nullclines: ```r nullclines(deriv = neutralism, parameters = parm.vals, xlim = c(-0.1, 1), ylim = c(-0.1, 1), add = F) ``` --- # Neutralism: using R to graph dynamics ![](Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-17-1.png)<!-- --> --- # Neutralism: using R to graph dynamics ```r flowField(deriv = neutralism, xlim = c(-0.1, 1), ylim = c(-0.1, 1), parameters = parm.vals, add = F, points = 20) ``` ![](Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-19-1.png)<!-- --> --- # Neutralism: using R to graph dynamics Plotting nullclines and direction field together ![](Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-20-1.png)<!-- --> --- # Neutralism: using R to graph dynamics And if you want, you can add trajectories: ```r trajectory(deriv = neutralism, y0 = init, t.start = 0, t.end = 25, pch = 16) ``` ![](Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-22-1.png)<!-- --> --- # A new model: amensalism **Amensalism**: when one species has a negative effect on another, but that other has no effect on it. A couple biological examples include allelopathy or strong competition. What might the model look like? -- The model `$$\begin{aligned} \frac{dN_1}{dt} &= r_1N_1 - \alpha _1N_1^2 - \beta _1N_1N_2\\ \frac{dN_2}{dt} &= r_2N_2 - \alpha _2N_2^2 \end{aligned}$$` -- Create a phase plane for an amensal relatioship between two species. --- # Amensalism The model, initial densities, and parameter values ```r amensalism <- function(t, y, parameters) { N1 <- y[1] N2 <- y[2] r1 <- parameters[1] r2 <- parameters[2] a1 <- parameters[3] a2 <- parameters[4] b1 <- parameters[5] dN1 <- r1*N1 - a1*N1^2 - b1*N1*N2 dN2 <- r2*N2 - a2*N2^2 return(list(c(dN1, dN2))) } init <- c(N1 = 0.1, N2 = 0.05) parm.vals <- c(r1 = 2/3, r2 = 2/3, a1 = 1, a2 = 1, b1 = 0.2) ``` --- # Amensalism The phase plane ![](Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-24-1.png)<!-- --> --- # Amensalism The phase plane .pull-left[ ![](Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-25-1.png)<!-- --> ] .pull.right[ Does this make sense? What are the equations for the nullclines? ] --- # Amensalism The model `$$\begin{aligned} \frac{dN_1}{dt} &= r_1N_1 - \alpha _1N_1^2 - \beta _1N_1N_2\\ \frac{dN_2}{dt} &= r_2N_2 - \alpha _2N_2^2 \end{aligned}$$` -- Setting each subequation to 0 `$$\begin{aligned} 0 &= r_1N_1 - \alpha _1N_1^2 - \beta _1N_1N_2 \\ 0 &= r_2N_2 - \alpha _2N_2^2 \end{aligned}$$` -- .pull-left[ For `\(N_1\)` `$$\begin{aligned} N^*_1 &= 0 \\ N^*_1 &= \frac{r_1 - \beta _1N_2}{\alpha _1} \end{aligned}$$` ] -- .pull-right[ For `\(N_2\)` `$$\begin{aligned} N^*_2 &= 0 \\ N^*_2 &= \frac{r_2}{\alpha _2} \end{aligned}$$` ] --- # Amensalism: varying `\(\beta\)` <video width="500" height="500" controls loop> <source src="Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/Amensalism.mp4" type="video/mp4"> </video> --- # Consumer-resource, both logistic The model with both species growing logisitcally, but with one species benefiting at the other's expence (say, a consumer-resource interaction) `$$\begin{aligned} \frac{dN_1}{dt} &= r_1N_1 - \alpha _1N_1^2 - \beta _1N_1N_2\\ \frac{dN_2}{dt} &= r_2N_2 - \alpha _2N_2^2 + \beta_21N_1N_2 \end{aligned}$$` --- # Consumer-resource, both logistic The model `$$\begin{aligned} \frac{dN_1}{dt} &= r_1N_1 - \alpha _1N_1^2 - \beta _1N_1N_2\\ \frac{dN_2}{dt} &= r_2N_2 - \alpha _2N_2^2 + \beta_21N_1N_2 \end{aligned}$$` -- Setting each subequation to 0 `$$\begin{aligned} 0 &= r_1N_1 - \alpha _1N_1^2 - \beta _1N_1N_2 \\ 0 &= r_2N_2 - \alpha _2N_2^2 + \beta_21N_1N_2 \end{aligned}$$` -- .pull-left[ For `\(N_1\)` `$$\begin{aligned} N^*_1 &= 0 \\ N^*_1 &= \frac{r_1 - \beta _1N_2}{\alpha _1} \end{aligned}$$` ] -- .pull-right[ For `\(N_2\)` `$$\begin{aligned} N^*_2 &= 0 \\ N^*_2 &= \frac{r_2 + \beta _2N_1}{\alpha _2} \end{aligned}$$` ] --- # Consumer-resource, both logistic If we were to plot these on a graph, with red lines being the nullclines for `\(N_1\)` and the blue lines being the nullclines for `\(N_2\)`, then we'd draw something like this: ![](Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-27-1.png)<!-- --> --- # Consumer-resource, both logistic The model, initial densities, and parameter values ```r cr.log <- function(t, y, parameters) { N1 <- y[1] N2 <- y[2] r1 <- parameters[1] r2 <- parameters[2] a1 <- parameters[3] a2 <- parameters[4] b1 <- parameters[5] b2 <- parameters[6] dN1 <- r1*N1 - a1*N1^2 - b1*N1*N2 dN2 <- r2*N2 - a2*N2^2 + b2*N2*N1 return(list(c(dN1, dN2))) } init <- c(N1 = 0.1, N2 = 0.05) parm.vals <- c(r1 = 2/3, r2 = 2/3, a1 = 1, a2 = 1, b1 = 0.2, b2 = 0.2) ``` --- # Consumer-resource, both logistic The phase plane ![](Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-29-1.png)<!-- --> --- # Consumer-resource, both logistic <video width="800" height="400" controls loop> <source src="Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/CRLog.mp4" type="video/mp4"> </video> --- # C-R/L-V, R ex. growth and C cons. mort This is the Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model: `$$\begin{aligned} \frac{dR}{dt} &= rR - \beta RC\\ \frac{dC}{dt} &= \gamma RC - \delta C \end{aligned}$$` --- # C-R/L-V, R ex. growth and C cons. mort The model `$$\begin{aligned} F_1 = \frac{dR}{dt} &= rR - \beta RC\\ F_2 = \frac{dC}{dt} &= \gamma RC - \delta C \end{aligned}$$` -- Setting each subequation to 0 `$$\begin{aligned} F_1 = 0 &= rR - \beta RC\\ F_2 = 0 &= \gamma RC - \delta C \end{aligned}$$` -- .pull-left[ For `\(F_1\)` `$$\begin{aligned} R^* &= 0 \\ C^* &= \frac{r}{\beta} \end{aligned}$$` ] -- .pull-right[ For `\(F_2\)` `$$\begin{aligned} C^* &= 0 \\ R^* &= \frac{\delta}{\gamma} \end{aligned}$$` ] --- # C-R/L-V, R ex. growth and C cons. mort If we were to plot these on a graph, with red lines being the nullclines for `\(R\)` and the blue lines being the nullclines for `\(C\)`, then we'd draw something like this: .pull-left[ ![](Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-30-1.png)<!-- --> ] -- .pull-right[ ![](Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-31-1.png)<!-- --> ] --- # C-R/L-V, R ex. growth and C cons. mort The model, initial densities, and parameter values ```r cr.LV <- function(t, y, parameters) { R <- y[1] C <- y[2] r <- parameters[1] a <- parameters[2] b <- parameters[3] m <- parameters[4] dR <- r*R - a*R*C dC <- b*R*C - m*C return(list(c(dR, dC))) } init <- c(0.3, 0.5) parm.vals <- c(r = 0.5, a = 0.5, b = 0.25, m = 0.5) ``` --- # C-R/L-V, R ex. growth and C cons. mort The phase plane ![](Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-33-1.png)<!-- --> --- # C-R/L-V, R ex. growth and C cons. mort <video width="800" height="400" controls loop> <source src="Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/CRLV_old.mp4" type="video/mp4"> </video> --- class: inverse, center background-image: url(http://www2.nau.edu/lrm22/lessons/predator_prey/hare_lynx_graph.png) background-size: contain # Snowshoe hare-lynx data from the Hudson Bay Trapping Company --- # C-R, R log. growth and C cons. mort. This is the Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model with generalist prey: `$$\begin{aligned} \frac{dR}{dt} &= rR - \alpha R^2 - \beta RC\\ \frac{dC}{dt} &= \gamma RC - \delta C \end{aligned}$$` --- # C-R, R log. growth and C cons. mort. The model `$$\begin{aligned} F_1 = \frac{dR}{dt} &= rR - \alpha R^2 - \beta RC\\ F_2 = \frac{dC}{dt} &= \gamma RC - \delta C \end{aligned}$$` -- Setting each subequation to 0 `$$\begin{aligned} F_1 = 0 &= rR - \alpha R^2 - \beta RC\\ F_2 = 0 &= \gamma RC - \delta C \end{aligned}$$` -- .pull-left[ For `\(F_1\)` `$$\begin{aligned} R &= 0 \\ R &= \frac{r - \beta C}{\alpha} \end{aligned}$$` ] -- .pull-right[ For `\(F_2\)` `$$\begin{aligned} C &= 0 \\ R &= \frac{\delta}{\gamma} \end{aligned}$$` ] --- # C-R, R log. growth and C cons. mort.  The phase plane ![](Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-35-1.png)<!-- --> --- # C-R, R log. growth and C cons. mort. <video width="800" height="400" controls loop> <source src="Wk06_PredatorPrey_files/CRLVDD.mp4" type="video/mp4"> </video>


--- layout: default title: Landing Page cv: passive notes: passive contact: passive description: Saptarshi Gan is a Financial Trader, Software Developer, Music Enthusiast, and Web Noodler living and working in Mumbai. ---
Hi, I'm Saptarshi Gan and I write scalable, low latency softwares for both financial industry and product based companies.
I get by as a software developer, security enthusiast, web developer and music enthusiast living in Mumbai, Maharashtra and working for Alphagrep Securities.
I'm also available for hire as a freelance web developer, or consultant. Drop me a line about your project if you're interested in working with me.


The Akan Culture
The Akan community is believed to be as old as the Congo forest. Some of the prominent personalities who are memebers of the group include the great Kwame Nkrumah, Kofi Annan, Mario Balotelli, John Atta Mills, Idris Elba and
among others.
The Akan people of Ghana frequently name their children after the day of the week they were born and the order in which they were born.
What's your Akan name?


new Track(spotify, entry, idopt)
Create track entry.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Attributes | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
spotify |
SpotifyRequestHandler | Spotify request handler. |
|
entry |
string | The track to search for. |
|
id |
string |
<optional> |
The Spotify ID, if known. |
- Source:
Members
album
Album name.
- Source:
artist
Track artists, separated by ,
.
- Source:
artists
Array of track artists.
- Source:
entry
Entry string.
- Source:
id
Spotify ID.
- Source:
lastfm
Last.fm global playcount.
- Source:
lastfmGlobal
Last.fm global playcount.
- Source:
lastfmPersonal
Last.fm personal playcount.
- Source:
mainArtist
Main track artist.
- Source:
name
Track name.
- Source:
popularity
Spotify popularity.
- Source:
spotify
Spotify request handler.
- Source:
title
Full track name on the form Title - Artist
.
- Source:
uri
Spotify URI
(a string on the form spotify:track:xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
).
- Source:
Methods
clone(response)
Clone a JSON response.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
response |
Object | The response. |
- Source:
dispatch() → {Promise|Track}
Dispatch entry.
- Source:
Returns:
Itself.
- Type
- Promise | Track
equals(track) → {boolean}
Whether this track is equal to another track.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
track |
Track | The track to compare against. |
- Source:
Returns:
true
if the tracks are equal,
false
otherwise.
- Type
- boolean
fetchLastfm() → {Promise|Track}
Fetch Last.fm information.
- Source:
Returns:
Itself.
- Type
- Promise | Track
fetchTrack() → {Promise|Track}
Fetch track metadata.
- Source:
Returns:
Itself.
- Type
- Promise | Track
getPopularity() → {Promise|integer}
Get track popularity.
- Source:
Returns:
The track popularity.
- Type
- Promise | integer
hasArtist(artist) → {boolean}
Whether the track has the given artist.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
artist |
string | The artist. |
- Source:
Returns:
true
the track has the artist,
false
otherwise.
- Type
- boolean
refresh() → {Promise|Track}
Refresh track metadata.
- Source:
Returns:
Itself.
- Type
- Promise | Track
searchForTrack(query) → {Promise|Track}
Search for track.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
query |
string | The query text. |
- Source:
Returns:
Itself.
- Type
- Promise | Track
similarTo(track) → {boolean}
Whether this track is similar to another track.
Parameters:
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
track |
Track | The track to compare against. |
- Source:
Returns:
true
if the tracks are similar,
false
otherwise.
- Type
- boolean
toString() → {string}
Full track title.
- Source:
Returns:
The track title.
- Type
- string


STATION 2 of 7
Natural Light plays a key role in our mental and physical functioning through visual and thermal sensations. SDE4's design supports occupants to remain synchronized with the circadian rhythm by offering abundant access to diffused natural light into the building while minimizing glare.


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An experienced Product Manager, Digital Native & fully qualified Gas Engineer with over 15 years history of working in the heating, renewables and environment industry.
Check out my workIn my career, I have been launching and managing hardware and software products in a portfolio of industry-leading products, providing onsite & offsite support, running training courses, speaking at events, supporting internal staff and working with trade associations to support legislation and industry.
In this role I manage a team of product managers and engineers who are responsible for the IoT, API & digital propositions as well as a large range of connected and non connected heating controls & thermostats for a broad range of technologies. Alongside this, I’m responsible for managing the digital product strategy and roadmap and ensuring the successful delivery of products into the UK market, working closely with trade associations and working groups on future industry regulation.
in this role i was responsible for launching new products into the UK market as well as developing and maintaining the portfolio of existing industry leading products. Monitoring product sales volumes, margins, reliability and managing the resolution of all product specification and reliability issues working closely with all internal stakeholders, group programme management, quality and R&D. Co-ordinating with brand marketing and internal departments to innovate, develop strategies and product argumentation for new and existing products, whilst supporting the sale teams with detailed technical solutions, product information and training as required.
I provided technical, design and practical assistance for Controls, Ground Source & air source heat pumps, Mechanical Ventilation, Air conditioning and Hybrid Systems for consultants, specifiers and installers for multiple bands. Developed applications supporting the sales force, product management & system technologies accessing and distributing information, carrying out calculations and generating specifications.
I provided over the phone technical support covering current industry standards, gas boilers, system controls and renewable technologies, created a suite of schematics to support internal and external customers, created a intranet and suite of tools to support the technical team in providing information efficiently whilst ensuring a great service to the customer.
I worked in customers’ homes and businesses, installing and repairing boilers, gas fires, kitchens, bathrooms, under floor heating, central heating, cookers and drainage systems. Annually serviced gas appliances and provided Landlord Safety Checks. Establishing good customer relations.


Van der Poel bags cyclo-cross event after cycling legend granddad Poulidor's death
Brussels - Dutch cycling ace Mathieu van der Poel fought back tears on Saturday after he won a World Cup cyclo-cross event in the Czech Republic just three days after his legendary grandfather Raymond Poulidor's death.
Poulidor, who died aged 83 on Wednesday, is a household name and national hero in France after finishing on the Tour de France podium eight times, winning the hearts of rural France without ever having won the event itself.
Van der Poel is world cyclo-cross champion, European mountain bike champion and winner of this year's edition of road racing's prestigious Amstel Gold classic.
"It's been a tough week, a very painful one," the tearful 24-year-old told Flemish television.
"I hope you enjoyed the race up there," he wrote on Instagram.
Despite his Tour de France disappointments, Poulidor ranks among France's cycling greats and is seen as a humble hard worker loved by the people who earned every one of his many triumphs.
The multi-discipline Van der Poel is tipped by many inside the sport to avenge his grandfather and eventually win the Tour de France.
Poulidor will be given a funeral in his hometown village in rural central France on Wednesday.


To protect the future interests of all users, Binance will create a Secure Asset Fund for Users (SAFU). Starting from 2018/07/14, we will allocate 10% of all trading fees received into SAFU to offer protection to our users and their funds in extreme cases. This fund will be stored in a separate cold wallet.


Votally is a mobile application that facilitates photo based polling amongst friends. Just take a picture, write a comment, and send it to your friends. Your friends will receive it and tell you what they think!
Whether you're out shopping deciding if you should get that dress, or walking in the streets wondering if anyone wants to see Big Hero 6 tonight, Votally is the perfect solution for you to get fast, easy opinions from your friends!


Experience Food & Wine Tour of Italy
11 Days - Departs Daily on a Private Basis
Piedmont, Bologna & Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany & Florence
This tour focuses on the superb food and wine of northern Italy, uncovering how geography and history have influenced regional variation. Experience the best of the many local specialties through wine tastings, market visits, cooking classes and culinary touring.


A very simple template+script for monitoring mosquitto.

There are no template links in this template.
There are no discovery rules in this template.
| Name | Description | Type | Key and additional info |
|---|---|---|---|
| MQTT Publish Sent |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[load/publish/sent/5min]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT AVG Messages Received |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[load/messages/received/5min]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT AVG Messages Sent |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[load/messages/sent/5min]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Clients Disconnected |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[clients/disconnected]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Messages Stored |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[messages/stored]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Publish Received |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[load/publish/received/5min]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Messages Inflight |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[messages/inflight]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Count Retained |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[retained/messages/count]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Messages Received |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[messages/received]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Messages Sent |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[/messages/sent]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Clients Expired |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[clients/expired]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT AVG Bytes Received |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[load/bytes/received/5min]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Publish Dropped |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[load/publish//dropped/5min]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Clients Max |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[clients/maximum]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Count Subscriptions |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[subscriptions/count]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT AVG Bytes Sent |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[load/bytes/sent/5min]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Clients Total |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[clients/total]
Update: 30
 |
There are no triggers in this template.
A very simple template+script for monitoring mosquitto.

There are no template links in this template.
There are no discovery rules in this template.
| Name | Description | Type | Key and additional info |
|---|---|---|---|
| MQTT Messages Sent |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[/messages/sent]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Clients Expired |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[clients/expired]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT AVG Bytes Sent |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[load/bytes/sent/5min]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Clients Disconnected |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[clients/disconnected]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Messages Inflight |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[messages/inflight]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT AVG Messages Sent |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[load/messages/sent/5min]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Publish Sent |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[load/publish/sent/5min]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Publish Received |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[load/publish/received/5min]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Clients Max |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[clients/maximum]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Messages Received |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[messages/received]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Count Retained |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[retained/messages/count]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Publish Dropped |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[load/publish//dropped/5min]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Clients Total |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[clients/total]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Count Subscriptions |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[subscriptions/count]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Messages Stored |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[messages/stored]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT AVG Bytes Received |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[load/bytes/received/5min]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT AVG Messages Received |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[load/messages/received/5min]
Update: 30
 |
There are no triggers in this template.
A very simple template+script for monitoring mosquitto.

There are no template links in this template.
There are no discovery rules in this template.
| Name | Description | Type | Key and additional info |
|---|---|---|---|
| MQTT Messages Sent |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[/messages/sent]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Clients Expired |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[clients/expired]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT AVG Bytes Sent |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[load/bytes/sent/5min]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Clients Disconnected |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[clients/disconnected]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Messages Inflight |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[messages/inflight]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT AVG Messages Sent |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[load/messages/sent/5min]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Publish Sent |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[load/publish/sent/5min]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Publish Received |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[load/publish/received/5min]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Clients Max |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[clients/maximum]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Messages Received |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[messages/received]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Count Retained |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[retained/messages/count]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Publish Dropped |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[load/publish//dropped/5min]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Clients Total |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[clients/total]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Count Subscriptions |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[subscriptions/count]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT Messages Stored |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[messages/stored]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT AVG Bytes Received |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[load/bytes/received/5min]
Update: 30
 |
| MQTT AVG Messages Received |
-
 | Zabbix agent |
mosquitto[load/messages/received/5min]
Update: 30
 |
There are no triggers in this template.


SOAP is an industry-standard XML-based communication Protocol for communicating between applications. The Apache Axis Java project developed the most widely recognized and used, open source Java SOAP implementation. A new architecture for Axis2 was introduced during the August 2004 Summit in Colombo, Sri Lanka. The new architecture on which Axis2 is based on, is more flexible, efficient and configurable in comparison to Axis1.x architecture. Some well established concepts from Axis 1.x, like handlers etc., have been preserved in the new architecture.
Apache Axis2 not only supports SOAP 1.1 and SOAP 1.2, but it has also integrated support for the widely popular REST style of Web services. The same business logic implementation can offer both a WS-* style interface as well as a REST/POX style interface simultaneously.
Apache Axis2 is more efficient, more modular and more XML-oriented than the older version. It is carefully designed to support the easy addition of plug-in “modules” that extend their functionality for features such as security and reliability.
Sahana Agasti is a Free and Open Source Disaster Management system that was developed in the wake of the Asian Tsunami of December 2004. It is a web based collaboration tool that addresses the common coordination problems during a disaster including locating missing people, managing aid, managing volunteers, and tracking camps effectively between Government groups, the civil society (NGOs) and the victims themselves.
Sahana was first developed by the Lanka Software Foundation in collaboration with the global disaster management community and was later handed over to the Sahana Software Foundation (SSF). The SSF went on to create Sahana EDEN, a Python-based version of the original Sahana PHP project. Sahana EDEN has become the most popular open source information management for disaster management and humanitarian aid agencies.
The Mission of the Sahana Software Foundation is to help alleviate human suffering by giving emergency managers, disaster response professionals and communities access to the information that they require to be better prepared for and respond more quickly to disasters through the development and promotion of free and open source software and open standards.
SOAP is an industry-standard XML-based communication Protocol for communicating between applications. LSF in its pioneering project, initiated an effort to develop a C++ SOAP implementation for Apache. Axis C/C++ (Axis CPP) is a non-Java implementation of Axis. At its core Axis CPP has a C++ runtime engine.
The tooling provided allows you to create C++ client-side stubs and server-side skeletons. The server skeletons can be deployed to either a full Apache web server using the supplied apache module or a “simple_axis_server” – which is a simple HTTP listener (designed to help you test your services).
Ninithi is a free and opensource software developed to visualize and analyze the carbon allotropes used in nanotechnology.Ninithi can be used to visualize Carbon nanotubes, Graphene/ nanoribbons and Fullerene and to plot the band structures of Graphene and Carbon nanotubes. The software is licensed under the GNU Public Licence version 3.
The objective is to develop an open source modelling and simulation software that helps nano scientists, students and lecturers with their research.
Dalesa is a Free and Open Source Peer-to-Peer web caching software licensed under GPL-2 that will improve web performance in your local area network. Dalesa brings cooperative web caching based on peer-to-peer computing to your desktop. Nodes participating in the network will expose their web caches to the entire system through peer-to-peer web object (document) lookup algorithms.
This project focuses on using various group communication technologies such as distributed hash tables and IP multicasting to implement robust document lookup techniques. The system provides a proxy interface and an API for browsers and other potential user agents. User agents such as web browsers can embed the peer-to-peer lookup algorithm by using the API. However, when changes to the code of the user agent is not allowed or inconvenient the http proxy can be used.


Properties
| Property | Description | Data Type |
|---|---|---|
|
sequencer_platform
required |
Sequencer Model, e.g. HiSeq 2500, NextSeq, NovaSeq. |
<
string
>
|
| library_kit | The library construction kit. |
<
string
>
|
| paired_end_reads | Indicates if the sequencing was performed paired or single ended. |
<
string
>
|
ngs_assay_core.full.json
{
"$id": "ngs_assay_core",
"$schema": "metaschema/strict_meta_schema.json#",
"description": "Common properties for NGS Assays.",
"inheritableBase": true,
"properties": {
"library_kit": {
"$comment": "This is 'required', but we have only one enum option here. This is incomplete as the RNAseq harmonization is still ongoing.",
"description": "The library construction kit.",
"enum": [
"Hyper Prep ICE Exome Express: 1.0",
"KAPA HyperPrep",
"IDT duplex UMI adapters",
"TWIST"
],
"type": "string"
},
"paired_end_reads": {
"description": "Indicates if the sequencing was performed paired or single ended.",
"enum": [
"Paired",
"Single"
],
"type": "string"
},
"sequencer_platform": {
"description": "Sequencer Model, e.g. HiSeq 2500, NextSeq, NovaSeq.",
"enum": [
"Illumina - HiSeq 2500",
"Illumina - HiSeq 3000",
"Illumina - NextSeq 550",
"Illumina - HiSeq 4000",
"Illumina - NovaSeq 6000",
"MiSeq"
],
"type": "string"
}
},
"required": [
"sequencer_platform"
],
"title": "NGS Assay Core",
"type": "object"
}


HEXED A film review by Ken Johnson Copyright 1993 Ken Johnson
92 min., R, Comedy, 1993 Director: Alan Spencer Cast: Arye Gross, Claudia Christian, Adrienne Shelly, Ray Baker, R. Lee Ermey, Michael Knight, Robin Curtis, Norman Fell
Hotel clerk Arye Gross is in love with French model Claudia Christian. He finds out that Christian is going to be staying at the hotel where he works. Gross tricks Christian into going out with him, and while they are out, Christian kills a man. Christian sets up Gross so that police officer R. Lee Ermey thinks that he did it. Gross has to prove that Christian did it before he gets caught.
HEXED is a very funny film that is enjoyable to just sit down and watch. I recommend HEXED to fans of slapstick comedy. I enjoyed watching this film, and so did the audience in the showing that I went to. On a scale of zero to five, I give HEXED a four. HEXED is rated R for female nudity, adult situations, explicit language, adult humor, and violence.
The cast for this film does a good job. My favorite person in the film is R. Lee Ermey (FULL METAL JACKET). He does an excellent job. Adrienne Shelly (TRUTH, THE UNBELIEVABLE TRUTH) outshines most of the cast. Claudia Christian (CLEAN AND SOBER, RELENTLESS: MIND OF A KILLER) does a reasonably good job. Arye Gross (HOUSE 2: THE SECOND STORY, SOUL MAN) gives a great performance.
This film may offend some people with a scene mocking the Rodney King beating which involves a white man being unnecessarily beaten in a hotel lobby by several police officers and being videotaped by a tourist. I happen to have found this scene funny, even though I also thought it was in bad taste.
Like the soon-coming NATIONAL LAMPOON'S LOADED WEAPON 1, HEXED makes fun of many of the movies that have come out. And for those who haven't seen the movies that HEXED is lampooning, there are plenty of sight gags. The funniest are: the sex scene between Claudia Christian and Arye Gross, the dead hotel worker, the Rodney King beating mockery, and the ending.
This film is not one that it matters greatly if you see it in the theater or see it on videocassette. If you have the time, definitely go see this film. If you don't, the film will probably be released on videocassette in about six months and you can see it then.
-------- Ken Johnson<EMAIL_ADDRESS>.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


?The
New
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Botanical
Garden
Plants
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PUERTO
RICO
Sapotaceae
Sideroxylon
cubense
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Penn
Mun.
Sabana
Grande,
Bo.
Santana,
junction
of
Hwy
366
and
Hwy.
120.
Short
forest
on
serpentine.
18¡08Õ30"N,
66¡57Õ30"W.
alt.
775
m.
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3
in.
tall,
with
dense
crown
of
fine
twigs.
Fruit
green,
with
abundant
white
sap.
Voucher
for
medicinal
screening
by
Pfizer
Inc.:
44146a
ST
(Nee-1069),
44146b
LF+TW+IF
(Nee-1070).
NEW
YORK
BOTANICAL
GARDEN
BOTANICAL
SPARDE^X
01029142
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Garden
*
01029142
Legend -
Level of confidence that token is an accurately-transcribed word
extremely low
very low
low
undetermined
medium
high
very high


ABOUT ME
NAME : KIM JUYOUNG
AGE : 24
ADDRESS<EMAIL_ADDRESS>FAVORITE MUSICIAN : JAURIM
BAND POSITION : DRUM
FAMILY : I HAVE A CHILD.
첫번째 프로필


SimpleSidebarConfiguration: The most of these properties are used for both mobile and desktop
mode.
Except the position property, this one can be only
configured during the desktop mode.
{{ sidebarConfig$ | async | json }}


This functionality is not yet supported. You can help me complete this demo application by contributing to the project!