The Origins of the Marathon
By Andy Milroy
To many people the marathon race began in 1896, but the event has a much longer
history than that. Putting aside the myth of the Pheidippides connection www.arrs.net/AR_Pheid.htm, the distance of the
original Olympic marathon was not just an accident of geography, the distance that needed to be covered between
Marathon and Athens.
The current accepted distance is 42.195 km/26 miles 385 yards, but for the first thirty years of its Olympic history,
and during the build up to, and following from, the 1896 inaugural modern Olympics, the 25 miles/40 km event was
widely accepted as the standard distance. [With 25 miles being 40.233 km, the approximate distance 40 km was
equally acceptable to both the metric and non-metric worlds, with many countries having races at 40.2 km, just
33 metres short of 25 miles.]
Professional pedestrians had been contesting the 25 mile distance for many years in Britain. As early as December
1824, the pedestrian John Townsend challenged Robert Skipper who had assumed the title "Champion of England"
to a match over "25 miles of ground",
In November 1843 George Bradshaw beat the champion pedestrian Robert Fuller over 25 miles in 3:59 and less than
a year later there was another "Great Footrace" between Bradshaw and a B Butler, who were described
as "the two greatest pedestrians of this or of any antecedent period." This race was also 25 miles.
When amateurs began contesting long distances, the first 10 mile track mark was set in 1873 by William Fuller,
(the first to run the distance within the hour). Later that year Sydney Weall failed in an attempt to cover 20
miles in 2 Hours on the road. {Road racing in this period, being a `free show' was unusual.} However a 25 mile
track walk, in May 1876 was successfully completed and marked the beginning of the amateur events at this distance.
The first go-as-you-please track event for amateurs first took place in 1879 *. By 1881 amateur distance running
had progressed so far that the British runner George Dunning set the absolute world best time ever over the 25
mile distance, 2:33:44.0, surpassing even marks made by professionals.
Elsewhere in Europe races of approximately 40km were held. In 1885 Frenchman Louis Saussus won a 38 km (22.5 mile)
race between Paris to Versailles in 2:36:30. In 1892 another Frenchman, Auguste Marchais ran 36.7 km in Paris
in three hours.
From 1892 onwards in Sweden, 40 km races between Stockholm and Sudertalje and Norrkoping and Linkoping, were
held with the former becoming a regular event, varying in length between 33, 35 and 37 km. In 1894, Julius Olsson
recorded a time for the course of 2:27:17.6. In 1895, there had been a 36 km race held in Frankfurt in Germany.
In the book The Pedestrian Record by James Lupton published in 1890, which listed the records for every distance
and time frame, the 25 mile record of Dunning is shown as the absolute best for the distance. This book codified
and reflected what was published in the lengthy, detailed newspaper accounts and reports of the period.
During an era when the leading distance runners were overwhelmingly professional, for an amateur to hold the absolute
best time for an event was very unusual, and would have had a particular importance within the Official Amateur
hierarchy. This hierarchy was anxious to maintain and promote its position in relation to the professional
sport.
When Pierre Coubertin was commissioned by the French Government to undertake a study of modern physical culture
methods in 1889, and he subsequently visited Britain, the book, The Pedestrian Record, with its records would
undoubtedly have been shown to him. The Olympics that developed from his study were intended to be a celebration
of amateur sport - professionals were not allowed to compete.
The 25 mile, the only distance event at which an amateur was demonstratively superior to the professionals, would
have had a particular attraction for the new International Olympic Committee when pondering the possible length
of the distance race from Marathon to Athens proposed by Michel Breal.
The shortest distance between the village of Marathon and the Panathenic Stadium in Athens was probably around
34 km. Roger Gynn and David Martin actually make the point in their book The Olympic Marathon that the longer coastal
route between the village and the capital in 1896 was perhaps chosen because the 40 km/25 mile distance was more
familiar to those accustomed to the imperial measurements. (In the 1890s in the first athletic championships held
in Berlin in Germany, races were held over the 100 yards and one mile.)
The British runner Len Hurst was one of the early great "marathon" runners. He was successful in the
most competitive professional `marathon' events in the French Paris-Conflans races which were over 40 km during
the 1896-1904 period. Hurst's career also shows the importance of the 40 km/25 mile distance at the beginning
of the twentieth century.
On 23 September, 1901 Hurst won the professional 25 Mile world championships at the Tee-To-Tum ground at Stamford
Hill in London. Two years later, on the 27th August 1903, Hurst set a professional world record over the 25 mile
distance of 2:32:42, just clipping Dunning's 1881 time. He had been paced to break Dunning's mark, which one must
suspect, was an affront and a challenge to the pride and status of professional runners.
During the early years of the 20th century, Olympic marathons were being held over approximately the same distance.
The 1900 Paris Olympic marathon was 40.260 km, the St Louis Marathon in 1904 was 40 km, [reported as such in the
daily program] the Intercalated Athens Marathon in 1906 41.860 km. The actual exact measurement of all these
races is uncertain but the key point is that the official nominal distance was around 40 km.
In line with this, across the globe, countries had held their inaugural `marathons' over the approximate 40 km
distance. Gyula Kellner of Hungary had earned his trip to the 1896 Olympic Games by running a 40 km trial run
in three hours in Budapest. Norway had their first `marathon' over 40.2 km in 1896. The first non-European marathon
was held in New York in 1896 over 25 miles [40 km]. The first Boston marathon in 1897 was over 24.7 miles/39.75
km. The first Danish race in 1898 was over 40.2 km, and the same year Arthur Techtow won the first German `marathon',
yet again over 40 km. The first Swiss and Austrian races in 1901 in Geneva and Vienna were over 40.2 km and 40
km respectively.
The first Finnish race in 1906, was over 40.2 km. 40km was chosen for the first `marathon' race in what was to
become Czechoslovakia, at Dobris in 1908, and across the Atlantic in Canada the same year, 25 miles.
The first Union championships in South Africa that year was also over a distance of 25 miles. An earlier event
held in September 1903 over 25 mile from Durban to Isipingo and back had attracted 148 entrants.
The first marathon run in the Russian Empire in Kiev in 1913 was a race of 38 verstas or 40.2 km, won by Aleksandr
Maksimov. 25 miles was the distance of the first Japanese marathon held in 1911. The `marathon' held as part
of the Far Eastern Games Marathon in 1917 in Tokyo was once again 25 miles.
The early Olympic trials held by the USA show the same degree of consistency. The 1900 race was held over 38.752
km, the 1908 over 39.750 km, and the two 1912 trials over 39.750 km and 40.233 km.
The original programme for the 1908 Olympics submitted by the British organisers and approved by the IOC at its
meeting at The Hague in the spring of 1907 stated: "The Marathon race of 40 kilometres will be run on a course
marked out on public roads by the Amateur Athletic Association and will finish on the running track inside the
Stadium, where the last 1/3 of a mile will be run (1 lap = 536 metres)." (Offical Report of the 1908 Olympic
Games, page 410) This would have been sent out to the various competing nations. It is more than likely that
Dorando Pietri and others came to London expecting a 40 km race.
In 1912, the IAAF was formed and shortly afterwards the first list of official world track record was published.
This list is of particular interest and seems to indicate what was viewed as the "correct" distance
for the `marathon' at that time.
In May that year the British runner, Harry Green, had set the world's fastest time for the 1908 Olympic marathon
distance of 26 miles 385y/42.195 km on the track. However it was not that mark of 2:38:16.2 that the IAAF chose
to ratify and include in their new world record schedule. Instead they selected his 25 mile split which had
broken George Dunning's thirty-one year old track record - 2:29:29.4 .
Why Green's 25 mile split was chosen in preference to his final marathon time is unknown. However as we have
seen, the 40 km/25 mile distance had been widely accepted internationally as the `marathon' distance. One could
speculate that to the new amateur body, perhaps uninformed about distance running, Green's 25 mile time would
appear superior to the professional marathon runner Willie Kolehmainen's 2:29:39.2 set over the longer distance
in 1912. Possibly the longer distance was seen as being tainted by its adoption as the marathon standard by professional
runners.
The 25 mile mark was to stay on the IAAF record books for years. In October 1934, the Italian Michele Fanelli
set a new world record at 2:26:10.8, a time that was still listed when the IAAF finally removed the event from
their record list in 1954. Green's British record had been broken by Frank Farmer in 1939 . In 1961, the Dane,
Thyge Togerson, ran 2:15:30 for a recognised national 40 km record on the track at Zaandam. The British Road
Runners Club was to maintain the world records for the 25 mile event after that and the current best is held by
Eric Austin with 2:10:48.0 set nearly forty years ago. More recently John Cramer (1974) and Barney Klecker (1981)
set US national 25 mile records - 2:28:50 and 2:15:56.9 .
Although it is very well known that the Italian, Dorando Pietri, was the catalyst for the change to what with
hindsight seems an the present unlikely distance, ironically he was selected to run in the 1908 Olympics because
he set a 40 km track record!
To cover familiar territory, for various reasons the 1908 London Olympic Marathon had been extended to well over
26 miles/ 42.195 km. Dorando Pietri collapsed as he was coming into the stadium. The controversy over his disqualification
for being helped over the line created a whole series of lucrative professional marathon races, the Marathon Craze
which to sustain the link with the controversy, were exactly the same distance.
Despite the Marathon Craze, the next Olympic Marathon in 1912 was over 40.2 km. The 1920 race was stretched to
42.75 km and it was not until 1924 that the present distance was adopted for the Olympic marathon. The International
Olympic Committee decided that this race and all subsequent Olympic Marathons would be held over 42.195 km. Why
this decision was made is unknown. Perhaps a compromise between the metric and imperial worlds, between 40 km
and 25 miles, choosing a totally different distance? Perhaps pressure from the Anglo-Americans who, as a result
of the prolific number of professional events in their countries, had adopted the Dorando distance as the standard?
Thus, the origins of the marathon are focussed at the 25 mile/40 km distance. It was only later that the longer
distance was officially recognised - and that was not until 1924. Despite the IOC's decision, in Scandinavia
and elsewhere, the 40 km and 40.2 km distances continued to be recognised for the "marathon" event for
many decades afterwards, into the late 1920s and beyond. Even as late as 1946 the European marathon championship
held in Oslo NOR, was held at 40 km.
If the aberration of the longer Olympic marathon in London in 1908 had been ignored and the distance continued
to be standardised at 40 km/25 miles, then the subsequent history of the event would have been changed, probably
resulting in different winners of major events. Etienne Gailly might have won the 1948 Olympics, and perhaps
Jim Peters would have won the 1954 Vancouver Commonwealth Games marathon, instead of collapsing before the finish.
The Two Hour marathon would now be a reality. The splits by Haile Gebrselassie in his recent marathon world
record, show he passed 40 km in 1:58:08, and would have also clocked well under the two hours for the slightly
longer 25 mile run.
So the marathon race has a history that extends way before 1896, a history obscured by the IOC's decision to standardise
the Olympic Marathon at the 1908 length, thus cutting the event's link with the original Greek race in the first
Olympics, and with its deep roots into nineteenth century distance running.
Footnote
* In the eighteenth century British distance runners like Woolley Morris and Gruffydd Morgan died after over-extending
themselves at ten miles. By the 1840s and 1850s 20 miles had been run just under 2 hours but in general distances
beyond that were contested by walkers. Wagers usually related to what another pedestrian had done, and record setting
was still an emerging concept. In an era when sudden death was a frequent occurrence, there was no incentive for
a runner to extend himself and race at a longer distance. However long distance walks were sometimes go-as-you-please,
which meant a mixture of running and walking, running to ease cramp for example, as opposed to `fair heel and toe'.
With 6 day walking races with their extensive prize money becoming go-as-you-please from March 1878, the incentive
was then there for professional runners to learn how to pace longer events and to contest the distances formerly
the province of walkers. As their knowledge and experience increased, soon professional runners rapidly reduced
the best times for 25 miles and beyond. This advance was soon emulated by the amateurs, with the first go-as-you-please
distance amateur track event held in April 1879.
My thanks goes to Peter Lovesey and Jacques Carmelli for their help with this article.


You are connected to the OWL emergency network. Sending an SOS message will send your GPS location to First Responders and Emergency Management. You can send a quick SOS or add details about your emergency.
The closest facilties to you are located at:
Pedro Montañez Municipal Baseball Stadium.

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Certified Doctors
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Everything is alright and there is nothing to worry about. Doctors can help you decrease the stress levels by following simple, proven scientific techniques which could actually change your life. Don't think of the society, pick-up your phone and dial the numbers.Click Here To Get Link Of Doctors


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National screening unit NZ guidelines
Patient handout - Cervical cancer - patient.co.uk
should be the diagnosis until proved otherwise for postcoital, intermenstrual or postmenopausal bleeding
-
Common malignancy
-
Incidence of invasive cervical cancer rises age 20-50 then remains steady
-
SCC 85-90%
-
Adenocarcinoma 10-15%
Facts/Figures
-
almost unknown \<20yo; rare \<25yo
-
1:90 (Australia)
-
On Average; a decade to develop from CIN
-
Earlier age of first intercoursel greater chance of developing cervical cancer
Basic Pathology:
-
Focus of attention = transformation zone
-
columnar cells lining endocervical cancel undergo metaplasia to squamous cells
-
squamocolumnar junction
-
may recede into endocervical canal
- postmenopausal women
-
-
-
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
-
"Cervical dysplasia"
-
Bethesda system
-
Have potential to become invasive
Natural history
-
Dysplasia may:
-
return to normal
-
persist
-
progress to invasive cervical cancer
-
range from 1-30yrs
-
@ least 10 years on average therefore 2yrly smears ok
-
-
Clinical features
-
Peak-incidence in sixth decade
-
80% due to SCC
-
Risk factors
-
Age: increased after 55yo
-
Sexuality: Increased
-
multiple partners
-
Early age virginity
-
Early age first pregnancy
-
-
Viruses: After HSV2 or wart virus (probable)
-
Occupation: prostitutes
-
Parity: increased
-
SES: increased with low SES
-
Symptoms
-
postcoital bleeding
-
intermenstrual bleeding
-
vaginal discharge
Mainly diagnosed routine screening
Examination
-
Ulceration or mass on cervix
-
Bleeds readily on contact - may be friable
Management
- Urgent gynaecological referral


@@include("partials/head.html", { "pageTitle": "Goodkit" })
@@include("partials/modals.html") @@include("partials/navbar.html", { "classList": "navbar-light navbar-reveal fixed-top bg-white" })Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. In urna lectus, mattis non accumsan in, tempor dictum neque.
| Role | Team | Location |
|---|---|---|
| Analyst | Media | San Francisco |
| Front End Specialist | Platform | Bucharest |
| UI / UX Designer | Design | São Paulo |
| Product Researcher | Research | Beijing |
| C+ Developer | Engineering | Los Angeles |
| Business Development | Sales | Medellín |
| React Developer | Internal Tools | Oslo |
| Brand Designer | Design | Brussels |
| Product Manager | Product | Paris |
| Support Lead | Support | San Francisco |
| Office Manager | Operations | Berlin |
| API Architect | Engineering | Dublin |
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. In urna lectus, mattis non accumsan in, tempor dictum neque.


--- title: Creating Expectations layout: page pageOrder: 4 section: 'Mock Server' subsection: true sitemap: priority: 0.8 changefreq: 'monthly' lastmod: 2015-04-18T22:40:27+01:00 ---
To create an expectation you need to define:
MockServer will play expectations in the exact order they are setup. For example, if an expectation A is setup to response (or forward) 3 times then expectation B is setup to response (or forward) 2 times for the same request MockServer will response (or forward) in the following order A, A, A, B, B.
Java
{% include_subpage creating_expectations_java_example_code.html %}JavaScript
{% include_subpage creating_expectations_javascript_example_code.html %}Ruby
{% include_subpage creating_expectations_ruby_example_code.html %}To specify when a response should be mocked a request matcher must be provided in each expectation.
When an incoming request matches the request matcher in an expectation MockServer will return the response for that expectation.
{% include_subpage creating_expectations_request_matchers.html %}


The absolutely incredible popularity of Pokemon Go just seems to be getting even bigger as the days go on, and with each passing day we learn even more about the game itself. Ever since launch, players have been wondering if you could actually control which Eeveelution you get, and now it appears we have a legitimate way.
There were rumors at first that were quickly proven false, such as it being based on that Eevee’s moveset. We were really beginning to wonder if there was anyway at all to control this, rather than it being completely random, and it appears there actually is a way that has ties to the anime series.
As first revealed by a poster on Reddit and confirmed by pretty much everyone that followed this in the thread afterwards, you can in fact choose which Eeveelution you want by changing the nickname of the Eevee.
Rather than being like changing their names to the actual evolutions, the nicknames are based off of the Pokemon anime, which had an episode based on a group of brothers named the Eevee Brothers. The names of these brothers were Pyro, Rainer, and Sparky, who owned a Flareon, Vaporeon, and Jolteon respectively.
What you need to do is go and give a nickname to the Eevee you want to evolve and name it one of Pyro, Rainer, or Sparky. After doing this, make sure to force close the game and reload, just to make sure the updated name hits the servers. Then after opening the game back up, evolve that Eevee and it should turn into the corresponding Eeveelution.
This method may seem rather farfetched, but it seems to be very true based on the massive amount of people across Reddit and other sites saying it to be so, as well as testing it out myself on an Eevee. It will certainly be interesting to see if this secret naming way is carried over in some way when the other Eeveelutions are eventually added later. Make sure to let us know in the comments whether or not this works for you, as it should let you decide just which Eeveelution you get.


Author: David L. Mills<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Last update:
03-Sep-2010 20:44
UTC
Address: 127.127.12.u
Reference ID: IRIG
Driver ID: IRIG_TPRO
TPRO Device: /dev/tprou
Requires: KSI/Odetics device driver, /usr/include/sys/tpro.h header file
This driver supports the KSI/Odetics TPRO and TPRO-SAT IRIG-B Decoder, which is a module connected directly to the SBus of a Sun workstation. The module works with the IRIG-B signal generated by several radio clocks, including those made by Arbiter, Austron, Odetics, Spectracom and TrueTime, among others, although it is generally an add- on option. In the case of the TPRO-SAT, the module is an integral part of a GPS receiver, which serves as the primary timing source.
Using the TPRO interface as a NTP reference clock provides precision time only to ntpd and its clients. With suitable kernel modifications, it is possible to use the TPRO as the CPU system clock, avoiding errors introduced by the CPU clock oscillator wander. See the A Kernel Model for Precision Timekeeping page for further details.


package { 'ntp':
ensure => installed,
}
service { 'ntp':
name => $service_name,
ensure => running,
enable => true,
subscribe => File['ntp.conf'],
}
file { 'ntp.conf':
path => '/etc/ntp.conf',
ensure => file,
require => Package['ntp'],
source => "puppet:///modules/ntp/ntp.conf",
# This source file would be located on the
# Puppet master at # /etc/puppetlabs/code/
# modules/ntp/files/ntp.conf
}
# Virtual Resource
@user { 'www-user':
ensure => present,
tag => web,
}
# realize Virtual resource
realize User['www-user']
User <| tag == web |>
# Resource default setting:
Exec {
path => '/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin',
}
# this will make all Execs use the
# default path
list all Puppet resources:
puppet describe --list
list metaparameters for specific resource
puppet describe user
case $operatingsystem {
centos, redhat: { $service_name = 'ntpd' }
debian, ubuntu: { $service_name = 'ntp' }
default: { $service_name = 'unknown' }
}
if $is_virtual {
warning('target is virtual.')
}
elsif $operatingsystem == 'Darwin' {
warning('module doesnt work on this OS.')
}
else {
include ntp
}
$rootgroup = $osfamily ? {
'Solaris' => 'wheel',
/(Darwin|FreeBSD)/ => 'wheel',
default => 'root',
}
unless $memorysize > 1024 {
$maxclient = 500
}
if '64' in $::architecture
if $user in [ 'joe','fred','bill' ]
$content = "some content\n"
Arrays:
$address = [$addr1, $addr2, $addr3]
file {'/tmp/testing':
ensure => file,
content => $content,
}
Hashes:
$warning_msg = { memory => "memory low",
disk => "disk space low"
}
notify { $warning_msg[disk]: }
!= (not-equal)
Resolves to false if the operands are equal.
Note that $x != $y is the same as !($x == $y).
<, > (less than, greater than)
Accepts numbers, strings, and data types; both operands must be the same type.
<=, >= (less than or equal to, greater than or equal to)
Accepts numbers, strings, and data types; both operands must be the same type.
=~ (regex)
Accepts regular expression (/^[<>={7}/),
stringified regex "^/[]", data type (Integer[1,10])
!~ (regex non-match)
Accepts numbers, strings, arrays, hashes, booleans, data types
! (not)
Opposite of stated value.
$my_value = true;
notify { !$my_value: } # Will resolve to false
Data Types:
package { 'openssh-server':
ensure => present,
before => File['/etc/ssh/sshd_config'],
}
file { '/etc/ssh/sshd_config':
ensure => file,
mode => '0600',
source => 'puppet:///modules/sshd/sshd_config',
require => Package['openssh-server'],
}
file { '/etc/ssh/sshd_config':
ensure => file,
mode => '0600',
source => 'puppet:///modules/sshd/sshd_config',
notify => Service['sshd'],
}
service { 'sshd':
ensure => running,
enable => true,
subscribe => File['/etc/ssh/sshd_config'],
}
Package['ntp'] -> File['/etc/ntp.conf'] ~> Service['ntpd']
# first:
package { 'openssh-server':
ensure => present,
} -> # and then:
file { '/etc/ssh/sshd_config':
ensure => file,
mode => '0600',
source => 'puppet:///modules/sshd/sshd_config',
} ~> # and then:
service { 'sshd':
ensure => running,
enable => true,
}
or
Service['httpd'] <~ File['apache.conf'] <- Package['httpd']
# Service 'httpd' is subscribed to File 'apache.conf',
# if File changes, Service will restart.
# File 'apache.conf' requires Package 'httpd'
Yumrepo <| |> -> Package <| |>
# Before declaring Apache class
define apache::virtualhost (
$ensure = present,
$template = 'apache/virtualhost.conf.erb' ,
[...] ) {
file { "ApacheVirtualHost_${name}":
ensure => $ensure,
content => template("${template}"),
}
}
# Declaration of a define, after declaring Apache class
class apache {
apache::virtualhost { 'www.myvhost.com':
template => 'site/apache/www.myvhost.com-erb'
}
}
<% @dns_servers.each do |ns| %>
nameserver <%= ns %>
<% end %>
<% for @item in @shopping_list %>
<%= @item %>
<% end %>


components = [] # Lijst met alle componenten die ooit gecreeërd zijn
class Component
constructor: (@name=null) ->
components.push this
setState: -> no
getState: -> off
setName: (name) ->
@name = name
return this
getName: -> @name
simulate: ->
copy: (name) ->
copy = new Component @name
copy.name ?= name
copy.title ?= @title
copy.getState = @getState
copy.setState = @setState
copy.getName = -> @name
copy.setName = -> no
copy.getTitle = -> @title
copy.setTitle = -> no
return copy
log: (output=console) ->
name = @getTitle?() or @getName?() or "unnamed"
state = if @getState() then "on" else "off"
output.log "#{name}: #{state}"
class BitHolder extends Component
constructor: (name=null) ->
super(name)
state = off
@setState = (_state) ->
state = stateof _state
return yes
@getState = -> state
class Pressable extends Component
constructor: (name) ->
super(name)
press: ->
release: ->
class Button extends Pressable
constructor: (name=null, @title=name) ->
super(name)
state = off
releaseDelay = 0
@press = (steps=0) ->
state = on
releaseDelay = steps + 1
@release = ->
state = off
@setTitle = (_title) ->
@title = _title
return this
@getTitle = -> @title
@getState = -> state
@simulate = ->
if releaseDelay > 0
releaseDelay--
if releaseDelay is 0
state = off
class Switch extends Pressable
constructor: (name=null, @title=name) ->
super(name)
state = off
pressed = no
releaseDelay = 0
@press = (steps=0) ->
state = not state if not pressed
pressed = yes
releaseDelay = steps
@release = ->
pressed = no
@setTitle = (_title) ->
@title = _title
return this
@getTitle = -> @title
@getState = -> state
@simulate = ->
if releaseDelay > 0
releaseDelay--
if releaseDelay is 0
pressed = no
class LED extends BitHolder
constructor: (name=null, @title=name) ->
super(name)
state = off
@set = false
@setTitle = (_title) -> @title = _title
@getTitle = -> @title
@setState = (_state) ->
state = stateof _state
return yes
@getState = -> state
@simulate = ->
if stateof @set
state = on
else
state = off
class Lamp extends BitHolder
constructor: (name=null, @title=name) ->
super(name)
state = off
@set = false
@setTitle = (_title) -> @title = _title
@getTitle = -> @title
@setState = (_state) ->
state = stateof _state
return yes
@getState = -> state
@simulate = ->
if stateof @set
state = on
else
state = off
log: (output=console) ->
name = @title or "unnamed"
state = if @getState() then "on" else "off"
output.log "#{name}: #{state}"
class PulseCounter extends Component
getbit = (number, bit) -> (number & ( 1 << bit )) >> bit
regenerate = (self, number) ->
self[0].setState(getbit(number, 0))
self[1].setState(getbit(number, 1))
self[2].setState(getbit(number, 2))
self[3].setState(getbit(number, 3))
constructor: (name=null) ->
super(name)
updating = no
number = 0
@[0] = new BitHolder (name + "[0]")
@[1] = new BitHolder (name + "[1]")
@[2] = new BitHolder (name + "[2]")
@[3] = new BitHolder (name + "[3]")
@set = null
@reset = null
@enabled = yes
@simulate = =>
if stateof @enabled
if stateof @set
if updating
updating = no
regenerate(this, ++number)
else
if not updating
updating = yes
if stateof @reset
regenerate(this, number = 0)
updating = no
@log = (console=console) ->
name = @getName() or "unnamed"
bits = (if stateof @[3] then '1' else '0') +
(if stateof @[2] then '1' else '0') +
(if stateof @[1] then '1' else '0') +
(if stateof @[0] then '1' else '0')
number = ( (stateof @[0]) * 1 +
(stateof @[1]) * 2 +
(stateof @[2]) * 4 +
(stateof @[3]) * 8 )
state = "#{number} (#{bits})"
console.log "#{name}: #{state}"
copy: (name) =>
copy = new PulseCounter @name
copy.name = name if name?
copy.getName = -> @name
copy.setName = -> false
for n in [0..3]
copy[n] = @[n].copy(copy.name + '[' + name + ']')
return copy
class PulseGenerator extends BitHolder
constructor: (name=null, onTime=1, offTime=1) ->
super(name)
state = off
time = 0
@getState = -> state
@setState = (_state) ->
state = _state
return yes
@simulate = ->
if time > 0
time--
if time is 0
if state
time = offTime
else
time = onTime
state = not state
class MemoryCell extends BitHolder
constructor: (name=null) ->
super(name)
state = off
@set = null
@reset = null
@setState = (_state) ->
state = _state
return yes
@getState = -> state
@simulate = ->
if stateof @set
if not stateof @reset
state = on
else if stateof @reset
state = off
class MemoryCell_4bit extends Component
constructor: (name=null) ->
super(name)
@[0] = new MemoryCell name+"[0]"
@[1] = new MemoryCell name+"[1]"
@[2] = new MemoryCell name+"[2]"
@[3] = new MemoryCell name+"[3]"
log: (console=console) ->
name = @getName() or "unnamed"
bits = (if stateof @[3] then '1' else '0') +
(if stateof @[2] then '1' else '0') +
(if stateof @[1] then '1' else '0') +
(if stateof @[0] then '1' else '0')
number = ( (stateof @[0]) * 1 +
(stateof @[1]) * 2 +
(stateof @[2]) * 4 +
(stateof @[3]) * 8 )
state = "#{number} (#{bits})"
console.log "#{name}: #{state}"
copy: (name) ->
copy = new MemoryCell_4bit @name
copy.name = name if name?
copy.getName = -> @name
copy.setName = -> false
for n in [0..3]
copy[n] = @[n].copy(copy.name + '[' + name + ']')
return copy
generateLogicCircuit = (name, getState) ->
component = new Component name
component.getState = -> stateof getState()
return component


{% extends "admin/base_site.html" %} {% block title %}Administrative tools (super-user only){% endblock %} {% block content %}
{{ error }}
{% endif %} {% if message %}{{ message }}
{% endif %}Use this tool to import manually collected data about counties from Airtable.
Navigate to https://github.com/CAVaccineInventory/airtable-data-backup/blob/main/backups/Counties.json and click on the "Raw" link. This should produce a URL that looks something like this:
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CAVaccineInventory/airtable-data-backup/main/backups/Counties.json?token=...token
Import the full list of 3,000+ counties from us-counties.datasette.io/counties/county_fips - see issue 88
Warning: This command can take a long time to run!
{% if output %}{{ output }}{% endif %} {% endblock %}


three.js
- subdivision modifier
Original Geometry:
vertices and
faces
Smooth Geometry:
vertices and
faces


If you identify any errors in this package, or have an idea for an improvement, please open an issue. I am excited to see what the community thinks of this project, and I would love your input!


Mapping Source
This structure represents the following mapping definition:
plannet.PlanNet-OrganizationAffiliation maps to OrganizationAffiliation: Organization maps to organization ParticipatingOrganization maps to participatingOrganization Network maps to network Location maps to location HealthcareService maps to healthcareService constrain active to 1..1 constrain telecom.system to 1..1 constrain telecom.value to 1..1


Feathers coding conventions for contributors
This is the code formatting style used within the Feathers library. When contributing code to Feathers, you are required to use this style. Pull Requests to the Feathers project on Github that are formatted with a different style will be rejected. The author respects that you may have your own personal style, and the author would attempt to follow your style if he were to contribute to your open source project. Save him some time so that he doesn't need to manually reformat your contributed code.
If you are not contributing code to Feathers, then please feel no obligation to follow this style guide when working with the library. This guide is aimed at developers who wish to contribute bug fixes and enhancements to Feathers.
The terms "public" and "private" are used below in a general sense. When the specific public
or private
namespace is referenced, it will be clearly styled. When not marked as a namespace, public refers to any API that is meant to be exposed to someone using a particular class. It may include things like public
members and protected
members that are meant to be accessed in subclasses. Similarly, private refers to APIs that are meant to be used only internally. Private APIs may be part of the protected
namespace, but using these APIs in subclasses is an at-your-own-risk convenience only.
Whitespace
Use tabs to indent lines of code. Do not use spaces for indentation.
Place one space before and after operators like +, -, *, /, ?, :, <, >, ==, etc.
Place no spaces between if/for/while/etc. and the opening parenthesis.
One empty line should appear between functions.
All blocks should be indented by one tab more than their parent block.
Line Length
Try to keep lines shorter than 80 characters. If a statement is longer than 80 characters, try to break it before 80, and continue on the next line with one indent more than the first line.
Particularly messy
if
statements should be organized with extra parentheses and new lines to make them as readable as possible. It may be better to break up parts into separate variables.
Braces
All opening braces
{
should be placed on a new line. Braces should not appear at the end of the line.All if/for/while and other constructs must always use braces, even if the language considers them optional for content that is only one line.
Naming
Names should be descriptive and clear. Extreme brevity is not a goal.
When an API is similar to one in Apache Flex or in Adobe's ActionScript 3.0 components in Animate CC, the same name or a similar one is recommended for use in Feathers.
Names should not be abbreviated, in most cases. Commonly recognized acronyms are generally acceptable. Acronyms should have every letter capitalized.
Classes should use
CamelCaseNames
, and they must start with a capital letter.Variable and functions should use
camelCaseNames
, and they must start with a lower-case letter.However, private member variables or variables associated with a getter or setter should start with an underscore
_
followed by a lower-case letter.
Access Levels
In general, properties and methods should be
public
orprotected
. Use ofprivate
is discouraged because it limits developers trying to extend components.Custom namespaces are strongly discouraged.
Class Organization
In general, classes should be organized in the following manner:
static
Variablesstatic
FunctionsConstructor
Member Variables and Properties
public
Member Functionsprotected
Member Functionsprivate
Member Functions
Additional Notes on Class Organization
Public getters and setters should appear immediately after the private variable that they expose.
In general, within a function category (such as
public
orprotected
), overridden functions should appear first, followed by new functions, followed by event listeners. If there's a mix of event listeners and signal listeners, signal listeners should appear before event listeners.Static functions should follow the same access level ordering as member functions.
The this keyword
The this
keyword should be used to reference member variables and functions. The author is particularly serious about this one, in case you didn't notice when you looked at the Feathers source code.
Documentation
Use asdoc comments for all public APIs.
Mark private APIs
@private
so that they are hidden from the generated HTML. If needed, they may still contain a description, but it will only be seen when reading the source code.Use

tags when referring to specific classes, variables, properties, and functions in your descriptions.Consider adding a
@see
tag when you refer to other public APIs or classes.When referring to a measurement of some sort, such as dimensions or time, always include the unit, such as pixels or seconds.


 Sneak Peak at the UI.
So, now that I’m done learning how to build Rails apps, it’s time to use my knowledge to build some real applications. The first project I’ve chosen to work on is called That Don’t Suck. Basically, the idea for the website is a community of people that help each other find things that don’t suck.
For example, when designing websites for people, one of the things that is really hard to find is free stock photos that don’t suck. I could login to That Don’t Suck and first search to see if that topic exists yet. If it does, I can start looking through the suggestions people have added already. If not, I can add the topic and ask people to make suggestions for me.
Once people have made some suggestions, I, and other people looking at the suggestions can vote and comment on each one. The one with the most votes will be at the top so people can easily see which one the community suggests.
 Right now, though I am focused on getting the UI looking the way I want it to. This is because, once I have the UI set up, I can then focus on building up the functionality without worrying about the look and feel quite as much since that is already taken care of. Also, forcing myself to create mockups of all the features beforehand helps me organize all the features I am looking to add so I can start thinking about the different pieces I am going to need and the best way to put those into the models and controllers.
For the UI, I decided to use Twitter Bootstrap since it allows you to create a pretty attractive UI without much heavy lifting on your part. I am using the Darkly Bootstrap theme from Bootswatch because you still have all the functionality of Bootstrap without looking quite as generic and boring as the plain vanilla version.
The UI is pretty much done now, so I will now move on to the fun part, adding real functionality to the project! I will be using TDD to drive the implementation of my code. I’ll try to update at least once a week about my progress and share any tips I might stumble upon.


Step Into the Future of PC VR Gaming
Puts you at the centre of the action, whether you're at home or somewhere new.
Improved Lenses
Next-generation lenses and a sharper display deliver bright, vivid colours and a reduced "screen-door" effect. The advanced hardware works with Oculus software innovations to render smooth gameplay on a wide range of PCs.
Ergonomic Design
Breathable fabrics and injection foam moulding allow Oculus Go to feel light and comfortable. The soft adjustable straps hold the headset gently and securely in place.
Built-in Speakers
What you hear is as important as what you see. Spatial audio drivers are built into the headset directly, providing cinematic, immersive sound without the need for headphones.
Intuitive Control
With Oculus Touch controllers, you can transport your hands and gestures directly into the game. Your slashes, throws and grabs appear in VR with intuitive, realistic precision.


This was the first time trying any of the insight and techniques for growing trus and sincerity. Although some of the points discussed and mentioned has been come across, but not as consciuously or used as a technique. For example the three assumptions I try to think everyone are in the good, until proven otherwise. The book however breaks this down into more detail and allowed me to understand more why this is something that is good, and what we normally can think unconsciously.
At the start of this it was a bit awkward for both parties. I personally am not the one to discuss emotions much, so for me to do this and for someone who knows me doing this with me they know it was out of the norm as well. As it went it did open up more and it was interesting listening to how someone feel in different situations, how that can be very differen to how I would feel about it. Also just learning about how much emotions can be expereinced during a situation when you really think about it and analyise it. From nervous to motivated to angry and then happy and this all within one situation.
This meditation technique was quite interesting. It was the first time that it was done thinking about someone else instead of yourself. It did make it feel as if you were being kind as the book suggested. Although it was a bit weird doing this to someone so I did have to tell the person what I did. I think also if you tell the person this did happened and what were some of the quotes it will make them feel happy as well.
My Point of View
The situation was regarding at work me having to fire one of my team members. It was a sitaution where the person was not performing up to the standards that were required. There was change that happened recently but everyone else seemed to have adjusted fine and their results were still at a high standard. This person was also being emotional and is running into conflict with a few others. As a result of this it was only right I took this action for the good of the team.
The Other Point of View
The situation was unfair. There had been change and being here for so long it will take time to adjust. During this adjustment period it should be understandable that some ups and downs would result from it. Also having been here for so long there should be some benefit of the doubt in regrads to work quality and trust that things will eventually come back around. With new leadership there should also be an understanding that not everyone will follow and we should be allow to express that, and doing so shouldn't be condemned.
This exercise was quite nice to do in that in normal cases not many are 100% one way or the other. But doing this allows you to see why certain viewpoints come about and why what you personally see can also have a counter argument that is very valid.


[gecode-users] quick question
penche21 penche21
penche21 at hotmail.com
Sat Apr 14 22:48:30 CEST 2007
thank you,
>no there is no lex-chain constraint in Gecode implemented currently. Any
>volunteers?
I really wish to have the potential to do that, which I dont think so :(
>I don't know about timingin Gecode/J. Maybe Guido or Mikael can help.
yep this would be helpful.
>>I use Options.java class for benchmarking. The problem is runtimes depends
>>on System.nanoTime() method. So, what I get is basically elapsed time for
>>program of that time. Is there a way to get the actual user time which
>>does
>>not depend on the load of my pc.
_________________________________________________________________
En etkili ve güvenilir PC Korumayi tercih edin, rahat edin!
http://www.msn.com.tr/security/
More information about the gecode-users
mailing list


ThetaScan.io
Blocks
Staking Addresses
Search
Main Net
Test Net
Theta Network Node CLI Web Interface V1.00.03
Commands
address [address]
backgroundcolor [name]
block [number]
clear
color [name]
date
exit
export [type] [data]
hash [transaction hash]
help
lastblock
lasttransaction
tfuelsupply
thetastaked
thetasupply
thetatodamoon
time
topaddress
staked [address]
Theta $
Welcome To The Theta Node Web Based CLI Interface v1.00.03 by ThetaScan.io
Report a Problem
Broadcast TXN
Github Examples
CLI Node Web Interface


methylation DNA epigenetic plants variation {border-style plant px;} #ffffff;} Epigenetic Plant environmental phenotypic changes gene natural plants. showed different inheritance non-model adaptation response studies important populations regulation result MSAP heritable study Herrera analysis marks methylated modification Mol. genetic modifications px; species stress used {font-family Biol. Cell Genet. Sci. font-size mechanisms sites Bazaga, Ecol. However, Nat. Thus, Zhang cytosine double; genomic involved native plants, recent revealed suggesting using Martienssen Paszkowski Paszkowski, addition, associated bisulfite border-color border-width chromatin data evolution genes leaves method methylation, methyltransferase model observed population rice role small solid; {font-style {font-weight Arabidopsis Bazaga CHG CHH Chen HpaII Interestingly, MspI Paun Plants Polymorphism RNAs Schrey Science Studies Transgenerational Verhoeven article available bold cause cells conditions courier; cut does em; epialleles genome highlighted histone increase knowledge levels loci loss mainly mangrove new patterns phenotypes pinea polymorphism prickly pt;} reduction research sequencing silencing site suggest technique transmitted transposon


Grab a drink & get connected.
Wifi: username / password
| This presentation | http://bit.ly/CnCNovSlides |
| The worksheet | http://bit.ly/CnCNovWork |
| Install the Tools | http://bit.ly/CnCTheTools |
Program Director
Curriculum Director
Mentor Director
Presentation Director
Work together to create
a team web site or web application!
| Jan | HTML |
| Feb | CSS |
| Mar | Command Line |
| Apr | Version Control |
| May | Front-end Architecture |
| Jun | Intro to JavaScript |
| Jul | A deeper dive into Javascript |
| Aug | Intro to Package Managers |
| Sep | NodeJS & APIs |
| Oct | Single Page Applications |
| Nov | Micro-Hackathon |
Remember... the 2nd Saturday of each month!
Another drink!
Wifi: username / password
| This presentation | http://bit.ly/CnCNovSlides |
| The worksheet | http://bit.ly/CnCNovWork |
| Install the Tools | http://bit.ly/CnCTheTools |
#LadyDevs #KCWiT #CodingAndCocktailsKC


The abacus in the room might be small and quiet, but when you enter the circus-like caucus it is filled with so much energy and enthusiasm that it's impossible to not be impressed. [G|D]
As the spring days get warmer and the sun shines brighter, the crocus in the garden can be seen in full focus, with its vibrant petals radiating around its discus-shaped center. [G|D]
The bright and colorful hibiscus was blooming at the locus, its vibrant petals catching the light of the sun to form a meniscus shaped aura around it. [G|D]
The thick and slimy mucus oozing out of the umbilicus was alarming, but upon further inspection the viscus was discovered to be healthy and normal. [G|D]


High Art (1998) Reviewed by Larry McGillicuddy
**1/2 (of 4) Directed by Lisa Cholodenko Starring Ally Sheedy, Radha Mitchell, Patricia Clarkson
When reviewing low budget films, critics often tend to be too forgiving. They sometimes forgive obvious technical flaws because it's an independent film. Well I don't care what kind of film it is. If it has technical flaws, then I can't ignore that. Don't get me wrong, I'm not saying a technically proficent film is automatically superior to a low budget effort. I wouldn't take the slick, bug budget FX laden Armageddon over the atrociously acted poorly filmed Clerks mind you.  But I would never call Clerks a great film, just a good one.
Anyways, High Art is a film from first time director Lisa Cholodenko. Radha Mitchell stars as an art magazine editor who runs into upstairs neighbor Syd (Ally Sheedy), who is a high profile photographer a while back and then suddenly disappeared. The movie is about Syd's attempts to break free from her dangerous social life, Mitchell's attempts to showcase Syd photography once more, and how the two of them fall in love.
High Art has been praised by many critics and it's easy to see why. It features two very strong performances from Ally Sheedy and Radha Mitchell, and it's an indie film with a distinct personal feel to it. It's also at times erotic, heartbreaking, and even ocasionally humorous. But the film does have some technical problems and poor performances that detract fromt he quality and a fatal flaw in it's concluding scenes that prevents me from recommending it.
One of my main problems witht he film was the character of Greta. As played by Patricia Clarkson, she is one of the most annoying supporting characters in recent memory. Greta is a german actress who is Syd's lover. She is the dark side that Syd must break away from. Unfortunately, there is very little credibility in their relationship to begin with. I assume Clarkson's slurred speech and odd mannerisms were intentionally annoying. I still hated them.
Even worse than Clarkson are the numerous random supporting characters in the film. While Clarkson was extremely annoying, at least she was doing something. The rest of the supporting cast is filled with amateurs that would have trouble getting roles in a high school production. Most of them don't even have one dimension to speak of and they wander around the screen like zombies. Where is Tom Savini when you need him?
Then in the conclusion comes the final breaking point for me. There is a shot at a crucial emotional moment that instead of focusing on Radha Mitchell, which would seem obvious, focuses on one of the zombie supporting characters. I simply don't get it. Was Cholodenko trying to put us in Radha's shoes in that moment? Not a good time for an odd stylistic touch. Were we supposed to understand the pain of the random supporting guy better than we would understand Radha Mitchell's? Whatever the reasoning, it's a gaping flaw that ultimately kills the film.
Don't get me wrong though. This is far from a terrible film. As I said, the two lead performances are wonderful. Mitchell displays a rare natural presence in front of the camera. I found her performance to be quite compelling. Ally Sheedy is quite credible as the drug addled, depressed Syd. Her performance isn't quite as compelling, but it's still very good. And the two of them develop a strong chemistry together. I would've preffered more of them and less of the annoying Greta and her band of zombies.
Larry McGillicuddy - The Cinemaniac http://members.xoom.com/lmcgill/movpage.htm
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


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| Sunday, September 20, 2015 |
|---|
| The detailed conference schedule is now online. |
| Wednesday, August 19, 2015 |
|---|
| The K-CAP online registration site is now active and accepting registrations. For more details, see the Registration page. |
| Thursday, August 6, 2015 |
|---|
| Workshop W1 (the 1st International Workshop on Linked Data Repair and Certification) has been canceled. |
| Thursday, July 23, 2015 |
|---|
| Camera-ready papers are due August 24. |
| Tuesday, July 21, 2015 |
|---|
| The list of accepted full papers is now available. |
| Friday, July 3, 2015 |
|---|
| The Workshops and Tutorials have been announced. |
| Saturday, June 6, 2015 |
|---|
| Full paper submissions are due June 8 at 23:59 American Samoa Time (UTC-11). |
| Thursday, June 4, 2015 |
|---|
| Authors: note that reviewing of K-CAP papers is blind. Please anonymize any text that might identify you (including the first-page author block and any self-citations) |
| Wednesday, May 27, 2015 |
|---|
| The deadline for full papers has been extended to June 8. Submit your papers to the K-CAP 2015 Easychair site. See the Call for Submissions for formatting instructions. |
| Monday, April 27, 2015 |
|---|
| Authors can start submitting papers now at the K-CAP 2015 Easychair site. See the Call for Submissions for formatting instructions. |
| Thursday, April 23, 2015 |
|---|
| The new deadline for Workshop and Tutorial Proposals is June 1, 2015. |
| Monday, April 20, 2015 |
|---|
| The Call for Workshop and Tutorial Proposals is out. |
| Saturday, April 11, 2015 |
|---|
| The K-CAP 2015 calendar is up. Start planning your travel! |
| Friday, April 10, 2015 |
|---|
| The K-CAP 2015 Twitter handle goes live. Start tweeting @kcap2015. Use the hashtag #kcap2015 to show up on the K-CAP 2015 website twitter feed! |


|
x#, y#, z# = components of a vector in 3d space
source_entity = handle of source entity, or 0 for 3d world dest_entity = handle of destination entity, or 0 for 3d world |
|
Transforms between coordinate systems. After using TFormVector the new
components can be read with TFormedX(), TFormedY() and TFormedZ(). See EntityX() for details about local coordinates. Similar to TFormPoint, but operates on a vector. A vector can be thought of as 'displacement relative to current location'. For example, vector (1,2,3) means one step to the right, two steps up and three steps forward. This is analogous to PositionEntity and MoveEntity: PositionEntity entity, x,y,z ; put entity at point (x,y,z) MoveEntity entity, x,y,z ; add vector (x,y,z) to current position |
|
; TFormVector example
Graphics3D 640, 480 p = CreatePivot() PositionEntity p, 10, 20, 30 ; easy to visualize TurnEntity p, -5, -15, 25 ; hard to visualize ; Question: what would happen if we took one step 'forward'? ; The local vector corresponding to one step forward is (0,0,1) ; in the pivot's local space. We need the global version. TFormVector 0,0,1, p,0 ; transform from pivot to world message$ = "'One step forward' vector is ( " message = message + TFormedX() + ", " + TFormedY() + ", " + TFormedZ() + " )" Text 70, 180, message ; Now actually take the step. The new location should be ; (10,20,30) plus the vector we just computed. MoveEntity p, 0,0,1 message$ = "New location of pivot is ( " message = message + EntityX(p) + ", " message = message + EntityY(p) + ", " + EntityZ(p) + " )" Text 100, 210, message Flip WaitKey() End |


Functional Programming in R with purrr
What is Functional Programming?
- Functions are like those in mathematics:
- They always return the same output for a given input
- No side-effects (e.g. modification of global variables)
- Functions that satisfy (1-2) are called pure
- Functions are first-class objects which can be passed as arguments to other functions (a.k.a. functionals)
- There is no changing state as the program runs; values are assigned once as functions of other values and inputs
- Everyday example: Microsoft Excel (without any VBA scripting!)
Why use functional programming?
- Through avoiding mutable state and composing pure functions, an FP program is also a pure function of its input
- This makes FP programs…
- Modular
- Predictable
- Easier to test
- Avoid common pitfalls involving changing state (e.g. global variables)
Why use functional programming?
Natural functionals in the FP paradigm include …
- map: (where $f: X \to Y$)
$$((x_1, …, x_n), f) \to (f(x_1), …, f(x_n)))$$
- filter: (where $f$ is a predicate function $f:X \to \{0, 1\}$)
$$((x_1, …, x_n), f) \to (x_i : f(x_i) = 1)$$
- reduce: (where $f$ is an operator function $f:X \times X \to X$)
$$((x_1, …, x_n), f) \to f(x_1, f(x_2, f(x_3, f(…))))$$
Functional Programming in R
- R is multi-paradigm: it does not strictly adhere to FP principles, but it offers capability to use FP patterns
- Examples in base R include:
Map
,lapply
,sapply
,apply
,vapply
,mapply
Reduce
Filter
- The
purrr
package by Hadley Wickham et al improves the the functional programming tools to R which are syntactically consistent and type-safe.
Mapping
map
is pretty much equivalent tolapply
, but has some additional features
library(purrr)
my_sqrt <- function(x) sqrt(x)
str(map(c(1,2,3,4,5), my_sqrt))
## List of 5
## $ : num 1
## $ : num 1.41
## $ : num 1.73
## $ : num 2
## $ : num 2.24
str(lapply(c(1,2,3,4,5), my_sqrt))
## List of 5
## $ : num 1
## $ : num 1.41
## $ : num 1.73
## $ : num 2
## $ : num 2.24
Mapping
- If we want an atomic double vector instead of a list, the
map_dbl
ensures we always receive that. sapply
does the same thing in this particular instance, but we can run into problems…
str(map_dbl(c(1,2,3,4,5), my_sqrt))
## num [1:5] 1 1.41 1.73 2 2.24
str(sapply(c(1,2,3,4,5), my_sqrt))
## num [1:5] 1 1.41 1.73 2 2.24
Problem: sapply is not type-safe!
- Example: Our colleague worked hard to make
my_sqrt
handle any real number. - They even overwrote the function
my_sqrt
to make the transition seamless!
sqrt_general <- function(x) {
if(x >= 0) sqrt(x)
else return(paste0(sqrt(abs(x)), "i"))
}
my_sqrt <- sqrt_general
my_sqrt(5)
## [1] 2.236068
my_sqrt(-5)
## [1] "2.23606797749979i"
Problem: sapply is not type-safe!
str(sapply(c(1,2,3,4,5), my_sqrt))
## num [1:5] 1 1.41 1.73 2 2.24
str(sapply(c(-1,2,-3,4,5), my_sqrt))
## chr [1:5] "1i" "1.4142135623731" "1.73205080756888i" "2" ...
- This is a great way to propogate errors. We have no way to guarentee whether sapply will return a “double” vector or a “string” vector.
map_dbl is type-safe!
str(map_dbl(c(1,2,3,4,5), my_sqrt))
## num [1:5] 1 1.41 1.73 2 2.24
try(str(map_dbl(c(-1,2,-3,4,5), my_sqrt)))
## Error : Can't coerce element 1 from a character to a double
- The
map_*
family of functions allows us to explictly impose which type we expect the output vector to be.- They “return an atomic vector of the indicated type (or die trying)” (documentation)
map_chr is type-safe!
map_chr(c(1,2,3,4,5), my_sqrt)
## [1] "1.000000" "1.414214" "1.732051" "2.000000" "2.236068"
map_chr(c(-1,2,-3,4,5), my_sqrt)
## [1] "1i" "1.414214" "1.73205080756888i"
## [4] "2.000000" "2.236068"
- Suppose our colleague convinced our team lead that we should work exclusively with strings to accomodate complex numbers
- We use
map_chr
to reflect that now we want the output to be a character vector. - No errors now because both doubles and characters can be coerced to double.
map_* is type-safe!
sapply
implicitly coerces to an atomic vector in the most general unit in the output for “convenience”, but this is very prone to unexpected errors.- Most of the time, it is better to be explicit to catch any errors early and keep type stability.
- Can also use
_lgl
for logical,_int
for integer,_raw
for raw type,_dfr
and_dfc
for data-table columns and rows.
Some more cool features of map - anonymous functions
- Can construct function in the argument using symbol notation
map_dbl(c(1,2,3,4,5), ~.x^2 + .x + sin(.x))
## [1] 2.841471 6.909297 12.141120 19.243198 29.041076
Some more cool features of map - multiple arguments
- Can use
map2_*
for 2 argument functions;pmap_*
for n-argument functions - The $i$th positional argument can be referenced with
..i
syntax.
map2_dbl(c(1,2,3,4,5), c(5,6,8,9,11), ~.x^2 + .y^2 + sin(.x))
## [1] 26.84147 40.90930 73.14112 96.24320 145.04108
pmap_dbl(list(1:5, 11:15, 21:25), ~..1 + ..2 + ..3)
## [1] 33 36 39 42 45
pmap_dbl(list(1:5, 11:15, 21:25), function(x,y,z) x+y+z)
## [1] 33 36 39 42 45
Some more cool features of map - imap
- Can use
imap
if the names of the input list/vector are important. imap_*(x, f(x,y))
is equivalent tomap2_*(x, names(x), f(x,y))
- The type
dfr
indicates that we expect the function to output a DataFrame Row, which are then bound row-wise into a single dataframe.
library(dplyr)
midterm_grades <- c(Dan = 100, Derek = 20, Rob = 100)
grade_tbl <- imap_dfr(midterm_grades, ~tibble(name = .y, grade = .x, pass = .x >= 50))
grade_tbl
## # A tibble: 3 x 3
## name grade pass
## <chr> <dbl> <lgl>
## 1 Dan 100 TRUE
## 2 Derek 20 FALSE
## 3 Rob 100 TRUE
Some more cool features of map - map_if
map_if
allows for use of a predicate function (or a vector) to only apply to certain values.- It always returns a list (since the input and output could be of different types).
str(map_if(midterm_grades, !grade_tbl$pass, ~NA_real_))
## List of 3
## $ Dan : num 100
## $ Derek: num NA
## $ Rob : num 100
str(map_if(midterm_grades, ~.x <= 50, ~"FAIL!!"))
## List of 3
## $ Dan : num 100
## $ Derek: chr "FAIL!!"
## $ Rob : num 100
Some more cool features of map - map_if
modify_if``` is the same as
map_if`, but enforces that the type is the same as the input
str(modify_if(midterm_grades, ~.x <= 50, ~NA_real_))
## Named num [1:3] 100 NA 100
## - attr(*, "names")= chr [1:3] "Dan" "Derek" "Rob"
try(str(modify_if(midterm_grades, ~.x <= 50, ~"FAIL!!")))
## Error : Can't coerce element 1 from a character to a double
keep and discard
## Only keep students who passed
keep(midterm_grades, ~.x >= 50)
## Dan Rob
## 100 100
## Remove students who passed to get a list of students on notice
discard(midterm_grades, grade_tbl$pass)
## Derek
## 20
purrr in the wild - succinctly extract results from different models
library(dplyr)
library(magrittr)
aic_bic_tbl <- list(
`Binary Poverty Indicator Interaction` = logis_res_census_binpoor,
`Poverty Rate Interaction` = logis_res_census,
`Income Interaction` = logis_res_census_inc_interact,
`No Income` = logis_res_census_noincome,
`No Poverty Rate` = logis_res_census_nopoor
) %>%
map2_dfr(names(.), ~tibble(model = .y, aic = AIC(.x), bic = BIC(.x))) %>%
arrange(aic)
aic_bic_tbl
- Example directly from my applied qual. (Could have used
imap_dfr
!)
purrr
was designed by the same authors asdplyr
and plays nicely with othertidyverse
functions (including the pipe object%>%
).
purrr in the wild - reduce to best model
best_model <- list(
`Binary Poverty Indicator Interaction` = logis_res_census_binpoor,
`Poverty Rate Interaction` = logis_res_census,
`Income Interaction` = logis_res_census_inc_interact,
`No Income` = logis_res_census_noincome,
`No Poverty Rate` = logis_res_census_nopoor
) %>%
reduce(~ifelse(BIC(.x) < BIC(.y), .y, .x))
reduce
function applies an operator function to reduce a vector to one value- Illustrating example, but in reality it would be more efficient to use
which.max(aic_bic_tbl$bic)
(because it uses C code and more efficient algorithm)
Conclusions
- Through the Functional Programming (FP) paradigm,
purrr
allows for more concise and error-robust R coding patterns - Allows complex operations to be composed from simple building blocks by operating on user-specified functions
- Many, many more features are contained in
purrr
beyond what was shown today
Further reading
- Tidyverse website
- “Iteration” chapter in R for Data Science
- Hadley’s
plyr
package which handles array and data.frame inputs.


This page showcases the features of Browserscope's User Test feature. If you write tests for browsers, this should give you an idea of how easy it is to beacon your results to Browserscope and display the results table on your test page. For more details, refer to our HOWTO page.
The UA detection message above was created by putting
<script src="http://www.browserscope.org/ua?o=js"></script> on this page.
The results table below was created by putting
<script src="http://www.browserscope.org/user/tests/table/KEY?o=js&v=3"></script>
on this page.
Note: "agt1YS1wcm9maWxlcnINCxIEVGVzdBiI59UBDA" is the test key for this test.
Your test keys are displayed on your settings page.
Play with the key/value pairs above in _bTestResults, then
click the button below to initiate sending the data to Browserscope.
The button/checkbox combo above was created by putting
<script src="http://www.browserscope.org/user/tests/button?fn=_bRunTest&btn_text=Run%20the%20test">
on this page.
If you view source on this page, you'll see a _bRunTest function as a callback.
Lastly, the _bTestBeacon function, which gets called by _bRunTest, looks like this:
<script>
// Beacon the results to Browserscope.
var _bTestBeacon = function() {
var testKey = 'agt1YS1wcm9maWxlcnINCxIEVGVzdBiI59UBDA';
var newScript = document.createElement('script'),
firstScript = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
newScript.src = 'http://www.browserscope.org/user/beacon/' + testKey;
firstScript.parentNode.insertBefore(newScript, firstScript);
};</script>


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"Outstanding lay-out and presentation!!"
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I have tried some of the recipes in the cook book and have enjoyed every one of the mouth watering dishes! They are easy to follow and taste delicious! Brings "back home" cooking back into the home! Thanks for these recipes...they will be used for many years to come!
The Zeenaz Cookbook is not only great for its recipes but a good guide and reference book to have. A must to have in every household!
I just made some Kuku Paka using the recipe from your book and it turned out to be fabulous according to my family members. The marinade is what I think made it such a big hit! I use the recipes from it all the time now.
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I have made numerous recipes from Zeenaz cookbook and they have all turned out great. My family and friends absolutely LOVE everything I have made and I got rave reviews from everyone. Additionally, the recipes are very simple to make and everything tastes delicious. Better than going out to eat.
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Module: Wazuh::Api::Endpoints::Manager
- Included in:
- Wazuh::Api::Endpoints, V4::Manager
- Defined in:
- lib/wazuh/api/endpoints/manager.rb
Instance Method Summary collapse
-
#check_manager_configuration ⇒ Object
Check Wazuh configuration Returns if Wazuh configuration is OK.
-
#delete_manager_local_file(options = {}) ⇒ Object
Delete a local file Confirmation message.
-
#get_manager_local_file(options = {}) ⇒ Object
Get local file Returns the content of a local file (rules, decoders and lists).
-
#manager_active_configuration(component, configuration) ⇒ Object
Get manager active configuration Returns the requested configuration in JSON format.
-
#manager_analysisd_stats ⇒ Object
Get analysisd stats Returns a summary of the current analysisd stats.
-
#manager_configuration(options = {}) ⇒ Object
Get manager configuration Returns ossec.conf in JSON format.
-
#manager_information ⇒ Object
Get manager information Returns basic information about manager.
-
#manager_log ⇒ Object
Get ossec.log Returns the three last months of ossec.log.
-
#manager_remoted_stats ⇒ Object
Get remoted stats Returns a summary of the current remoted stats.
-
#manager_stats(options = {}) ⇒ Object
Get manager stats Returns Wazuh statistical information for the current or specified date.
-
#manager_stats_by_hour ⇒ Object
Get manager stats by hour Returns Wazuh statistical information per hour.
-
#manager_stats_by_weekly ⇒ Object
Get manager stats by weekly Returns Wazuh statistical information per week.
-
#manager_status ⇒ Object
Get manager status Returns the status of the manager processes.
-
#manager_summary_log ⇒ Object
Get summary of ossec.log Returns a summary of the last three months of the
ossec.log
file. -
#restart_manager ⇒ Object
Restart Wazuh manager Restarts Wazuh manager.
-
#update_manager_local_file(options = {}) ⇒ Object
Update local file Upload a local file (rules, decoders and lists).
Instance Method Details
#check_manager_configuration ⇒ Object
Check Wazuh configuration Returns if Wazuh configuration is OK.
32 33 34 |
# File 'lib/wazuh/api/endpoints/manager.rb', line 32 def check_manager_configuration get '/manager/configuration/validation' end |
#delete_manager_local_file(options = {}) ⇒ Object
Delete a local file Confirmation message.
42 43 44 |
# File 'lib/wazuh/api/endpoints/manager.rb', line 42 def delete_manager_local_file( = {}) delete '/manager/files', end |
#get_manager_local_file(options = {}) ⇒ Object
Get local file Returns the content of a local file (rules, decoders and lists).
54 55 56 |
# File 'lib/wazuh/api/endpoints/manager.rb', line 54 def get_manager_local_file( = {}) get '/manager/files', end |
#manager_active_configuration(component, configuration) ⇒ Object
Get manager active configuration Returns the requested configuration in JSON format.
13 14 15 |
# File 'lib/wazuh/api/endpoints/manager.rb', line 13 def manager_active_configuration(component, configuration) get "/manager/config/#{component}/#{configuration}" end |
#manager_analysisd_stats ⇒ Object
Get analysisd stats Returns a summary of the current analysisd stats.
116 117 118 |
# File 'lib/wazuh/api/endpoints/manager.rb', line 116 def manager_analysisd_stats get '/manager/stats/analysisd' end |
#manager_configuration(options = {}) ⇒ Object
Get manager configuration Returns ossec.conf in JSON format.
24 25 26 |
# File 'lib/wazuh/api/endpoints/manager.rb', line 24 def manager_configuration( = {}) get '/manager/configuration', end |
#manager_information ⇒ Object
Get manager information Returns basic information about manager.
76 77 78 |
# File 'lib/wazuh/api/endpoints/manager.rb', line 76 def manager_information get '/manager/info' end |
#manager_log ⇒ Object
Get ossec.log Returns the three last months of ossec.log.
92 93 94 |
# File 'lib/wazuh/api/endpoints/manager.rb', line 92 def manager_log offset_request('get', '/manager/logs') end |
#manager_remoted_stats ⇒ Object
Get remoted stats Returns a summary of the current remoted stats.
150 151 152 |
# File 'lib/wazuh/api/endpoints/manager.rb', line 150 def manager_remoted_stats get '/manager/stats/remoted' end |
#manager_stats(options = {}) ⇒ Object
Get manager stats Returns Wazuh statistical information for the current or specified date.
126 127 128 |
# File 'lib/wazuh/api/endpoints/manager.rb', line 126 def manager_stats( = {}) get '/manager/stats', end |
#manager_stats_by_hour ⇒ Object
Get manager stats by hour Returns Wazuh statistical information per hour. Each number in the averages field represents the average of alerts per hour.
134 135 136 |
# File 'lib/wazuh/api/endpoints/manager.rb', line 134 def manager_stats_by_hour get '/manager/stats/hourly' end |
#manager_stats_by_weekly ⇒ Object
Get manager stats by weekly Returns Wazuh statistical information per week. Each number in the hours field represents the average alerts per hour for that specific day.
142 143 144 |
# File 'lib/wazuh/api/endpoints/manager.rb', line 142 def manager_stats_by_weekly get '/manager/stats/weekly' end |
#manager_status ⇒ Object
Get manager status Returns the status of the manager processes.
84 85 86 |
# File 'lib/wazuh/api/endpoints/manager.rb', line 84 def manager_status get '/manager/status' end |
#manager_summary_log ⇒ Object
Get summary of ossec.log Returns a summary of the last three months of the ossec.log
file.
100 101 102 |
# File 'lib/wazuh/api/endpoints/manager.rb', line 100 def manager_summary_log get '/manager/logs/summary' end |
#restart_manager ⇒ Object
Restart Wazuh manager Restarts Wazuh manager.
108 109 110 |
# File 'lib/wazuh/api/endpoints/manager.rb', line 108 def restart_manager put '/manager/restart' end |
#update_manager_local_file(options = {}) ⇒ Object
Update local file Upload a local file (rules, decoders and lists).
68 69 70 |
# File 'lib/wazuh/api/endpoints/manager.rb', line 68 def update_manager_local_file( = {}) post '/manager/files', end |


Out of Scope Terms
In designing and building ontologies, one seeks to find a coherent domain for the ontology – a set of terms that are useful in representing the entities of the domain, include and reuse terms from other ontologies as appropriate, while not including terms that belong elsewhere. These choices are somewhat arbitrary, as long as we have a cler view of the domain we are attempting to represent, and we are willing to “give away” terms that we included, but can be reused.
For the Organization Ontology, we adhered as best we could to several guiding principles regarding terms, domains, inclusion and exclusion.
And, of course, we may have a change of heart regarding any term or set of terms.
Out of Scope but Defined Here
It is important for organizations and their facilities to be located on the surface of the earth. We found the existing OBI ontologies ENVO [https://sites.google.com/site/environmentontology/] and GAZ [http://environmentontology.github.io/gaz/] to have inconsistencies and/or complexities that prohibited their reuse. We created a simple set of terms within the Organization Ontology to define a nested set of locations from continents down to rooms that can have geographical representations (latitude and longitude) attached to them.
We would be happy to use terms from another ontology that defines location terms we could use.
The Organization Ontology has a need to make assertions regarding occupancy of structures
Out of Scope and Included Here
An organization ontology should reuse terms it needs from other ontologies.
Upper Level Ontology and Annotation Properties
Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) [http://www.ontobee.org/ontology/BFO] is used for an upper level ontology. We use the Information Artifact Ontology (IAO) [http://www.ontobee.org/ontology/IAO] annotation properties to annotate terms. We use Dublin Core and OWL annotation properties annotate the ontology.
Identifiers
The Identifier Ontology [https://github.com/mconlon17/identifier-ontology] 1 defines identifiers and semantics for using identifiers to identify organizations, people, and scholarly works.
Information Artifacts
The Information Artifact Ontology (IAO) [http://www.ontobee.org/ontology/IAO] defines information artifacts needed here.
Time
The W3C Time Ontology (Time) [https://www.w3.org/TR/owl-time/] is used to define time:Instant and associated properties for using time:Instant. We have asserted a superclass for time:Instant to align it with BFO.
Concept
The Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) [https://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/] issued to define skos:Concept. We have asserted a superclass for skos:Concept to align it with BFO.
Out of Scope and Not Included Here
Reports to / has report
reports to / has report are properties in the W3C Organization Ontology [https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-org/] for asserting that individual people report to other individual people in an organization.
We believe these are out of scope for an organization ontology, and are best left to an administrative ontology.
has attendee / attendee of
We say a person attended a university. Ontologically, we mean a person participated in an educational process at a university. Representation of teaching and learning is out of scope for the Organization Ontology. Similarly has alum / alum of also belong in a teaching and learning ontology.
relationship
VIVO 1 had an entity, relationship, that is currently missing in the OBO ontologies. We have not added it to the Organization Ontology, as it is out of scope here. Several entities are defined in terms of relationships and should eventually have relationship as a super class. For now, these are defined here as simply occurents.
Additional detail regarding locations
We have tried to include enough, but not too much. This is not a locations ontology. 2
Additional detail regarding structures
We have tried to include enough, but not too much. This is not a structures ontology. 3.
Properties related to Academic Events
We have not included properties related to organizations must host, sponsor or otherwise participate in. See The Academic Event Ontology [https://github.com/tibonto/aeon] for terms associating organizations and academic events.
Footnotes
- 1
The Identifier Ontology is underdevelopment as a planned expansion of Information Artifact Ontology (IAO) [http://www.ontobee.org/ontology/IAO]
- 2
We follow in the footsteps of VIVO 1, including terms that have shown their value over a decade of use.
- 3
Same as the comment on locations.


Named Entity Recognition¶
Overview¶
Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a basic Information extraction task in which words (or phrases) are classified into pre-defined entity groups (or marked as non interesting). Entity groups share common characteristics of consisting words or phrases and are identifiable by the shape of the word or context in which they appear in sentences. Examples of entity groups are: names, numbers, locations, currency, dates, company names, etc.
Example sentence:
John is planning a visit to London on October
| | |
Name City Date
In this example, a name
, city
and date
entities are identified.
Datasets¶
In this example we used publicly available NER datasets used in common research papers. The data must be divided into train and test sets, preprocessed and tokenized and tagged with a finite set of entities in BIO format.
The dataset files must be processed into tabular format where each entry is of the following format:
<token> <tag_1> ... <tag_n>
In the above format each sentence is separated by an empty line. Each line consists of a single sentence tokens with tags divided by white spaces (or any whitespace dividers).
Data loader¶
Loading data into the model can be done using the SequentialTaggingDataset
data loader which can be used with the prepared train and test data sets described above.
The data loader returns 2 Numpy matrices: 1. sparse word representation of the sentence words 2. sparse word character representation of sentence words
The user has a choice to use any representation or both when training models.
Model¶
The NER model is based on the Bidirectional LSTM with Conditional Random Field sequence classifier published in a paper by Lample et al.
The model has 2 inputs:
sentence words - converted into dense word embeddings or loaded from an external pre-trained word embedding model.
character embedding - trained using the words of the sentences.
A high level overview of the model is provided in figure below:
Feature generation¶
NER words or phrases can sometimes be easily identified by the shape of the words, by pre-built lexicons, by Part-of-speech analysis or rules combining patterns of the above features. In many other cases, those features are not known or non existent and the context in which the words appear provide the indication whether a word or a phrase is an entity.
With the help of RNN topologies we can use LSTMs to extract the character based features of words. In this model we use convolutions to extract n-grams features from the characters making up words. A similar approach with RNNs takes the last state of a BiLSTM layer as a representation of the character embeddings. More info on character embedding can be found in the paper.
Prediction layer¶
The main tagger model consists of a bidirectional LSTM layers. The input of the LSTM layers consists of a concatenation of the word embedding vector and the character embedding vector (provided by the character embedding network).
Finally, the output of the LSTM layers are merged into a fully-connected layer (for each token) and fed into a Conditional Random Field classifier. Using CRF has been empirically shown to provide more accurate models when compared to single token prediction layers (such as a softmax layer).
Running Modalities¶
Training¶
Quick train¶
Train a model with default parameters given input data files:
python examples/ner/train.py --train_file train.txt --test_file test.txt
Full training parameters¶
All customizable parameters can be obtained by running: python examples/ner/train.py -h
- -h, --help
show this help message and exit
- -b B
Batch size
- -e E
Number of epochs
- --train_file TRAIN_FILE
Train file (sequential tagging dataset format)
- --test_file TEST_FILE
Test file (sequential tagging dataset format)
- --tag_num TAG_NUM
Entity labels tab number in train/test files
- --sentence_length SENTENCE_LENGTH
Max sentence length
- --word_length WORD_LENGTH
Max word length in characters
- --word_embedding_dims WORD_EMBEDDING_DIMS
Word features embedding dimension size
- --character_embedding_dims CHARACTER_EMBEDDING_DIMS
Character features embedding dimension size
- --char_features_lstm_dims CHAR_FEATURES_LSTM_DIMS
Character feature extractor LSTM dimension size
- --entity_tagger_lstm_dims ENTITY_TAGGER_LSTM_DIMS
Entity tagger LSTM dimension size
- --dropout DROPOUT
Dropout rate
- --embedding_model EMBEDDING_MODEL
Path to external word embedding model file
- --model_path MODEL_PATH
Path for saving model weights
- --model_info_path MODEL_INFO_PATH
Path for saving model topology
- --use_cudnn
use CUDNN based LSTM cells
The model will automatically save the model weights and topology information after training is complete (user can provide file names as above).
Interactive mode¶
The provided interactive.py
file enables using a pre-trained model in interactive mode, providing input directly from stdin.
Run python examples/ner/interactive.py -h
for a full list of options:
- --model_path MODEL_PATH
Path of model weights
- --model_info_path MODEL_INFO_PATH
Path of model topology
Quick example:
python examples/ner/interactive.py --model_path model.h5 --model_info_path model_info.dat
References¶
Neural Architectures for Named Entity Recognition - Guillaume Lample, Miguel Ballesteros, Sandeep Subramanian, Kazuya Kawakami, Chris Dyer. 2016


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ShopStatus is the best solution for shop owners that need customizable status updates and monitoring for their business.
In order to start monitoring you're Shopify shops, you'll need to set up an account and dashboard using the ShopStatus App. To begin, click here and create a new account.
Make sure to check your email for a verification email from 'Shopstatus'. Be sure to check you spam folder if you don't see it.
To add you first store, click the "Add Shop" button.
Next, enter the URL of your store in the field. This should be the default url of your store such as "https://my-store.myshopify.com". Click "SAVE".
Once you have added a shop to your account you will redirected to the Dashboard where you can view and edit your status and account settings.
Almost there! From the Dashboard view, click the "Install" button.
Scroll to the bottom of the next page and click "Install Unlisted App".
Now get your api key from by following the provided link and put that into the "API Key" field. Click "Connect".
You can now create and view Monitors from inside your Shopify Admin Dashboard.
This page will allow you to customize which alerts you recieve.
By default, alerts for global status, page downtime, critical inventory levels, and refund thresholds are active.
This page also allow syou to activate alerts to monitor the status of a few of the most popular eCommerce apps.
From your 'Shop Settings' page, you can set a custom Inventory Threshold. ShopStatus will send you an alert when the inventory of any product on your store falls below the given number.
Don't forget to save!
From your 'Shop Settings' page, you can set a custom Refund Threshold. ShopStatus will send you an alert when that many refunds have been issued in a 24 hour period.
Don't forget to save!
Simply create a new Monitor from the 'Monitors' page, give it a name and description, and point it to the desired url.
ShopStatus will alert you if that page goes down for any reason.
These alerts can be toggled from the 'Alerts' page of ShopStatus.


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