3 Terminal Shortcuts and Basics
3.1 Overview
One major difference between Windows/Mac and Linux operating systems is that it’s necessary to learn how to use a command prompt (called the terminal) to use the operating system. You’ve already done a bit of that when you were installing Ubuntu and Gnome, but now I’ll show you some of the most useful commands for navigating directories via the terminal, installing and updating your software, manipulating text files, and what programs you’ll likely use for various tasks.
3.3 Installing and updating software
With Ubuntu, you don’t need to worry about Windows updates taking your computer hostage whenever it feels like it. However, it is on you to keep your software updated (or not, if you need a particular version of some software!). To update all the packages you have installed, run the following:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo
is like ‘Run as Administrator’ in Windows, and allows programs to gain root access (access to non-user
directories like where most of your software is installed). apt-get update
updates the list of Ubuntu-supported
packages you are able to install directly via Ubuntu. apt-get upgrade
downloads those latest versions of the
Ubuntu-supported packages you have installed and updates them for you.
Before installing new software using apt-get
, it’s always a good idea to run apt-get update
to make
sure you’re downloading the latest version.
Now lets say we want to download a new program - like fortune, a little program that shows a quote on the screen.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install fortune-mod
If you don’t know the full name of a package (or how to spell it), you can press tab to autocomplete your line, or double-press tab to give a list of all the possible packages available matching what you’ve typed so far. This works for anything in terminal, and is extremely useful, especially when cd’ing to a directory: rather than typing out the whole directory, you can usually hit tab a few times, type a few letters and hit tab some more to get to where you want. Much faster!
apt-get install
also works with multiple packages at once. For example,
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install fortune-mod cowsay
This will install both fortune-mod and cowsay (a program that draws an ASCII animal with a speech bubble saying whatever you type).
Now that your programs are installing, you can try them out!
fortune
cowsay "I don't think, therefore I don't am."
## A classic is something that everyone wants to have read
## and nobody wants to read.
## -- Mark Twain, "The Disappearance of Literature"
## ______________________________________
## < I don't think, therefore I don't am. >
## --------------------------------------
## \ ^__^
## \ (oo)\_______
## (__)\ )\/\
## ||----w |
## || ||
Box 3.3.1
As I’ve alluded to with the tab shortcut, the Linux terminal has many useful shortcuts that can save a lot of time. I’ll describe a few below:
| Shortcut | Function |
|---|---|
| Ctrl + Alt + T | Open a new terminal |
| Ctrl + C | Cancel the current command |
| Ctrl + L | Clear the terminal of all output |
| Home | Move to the beginning of the line |
| End | Move to the end of a line |
| Ctrl + U | Clear the line |
| Ctrl + Shift + - | Undo |
| Ctrl + Shift + C | Copy |
| Ctrl + Shift + V | Paste |
| Ctrl + R | Recall the last command you entered with the characters you provide |
| ! | Run the last command again |
Similarly, rather than typing out entire directories every time, you can use some special characters to get some of the way there:
| Character | Location | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ~ | Home directory | ~/Desktop |
| . | Current directory | ./ChildDirectoryofCurrentDirectory |
| .. | Parent directory | ../build |
| / | Root directory | /bin |
And here are a number of some really helpful commands that you’ll likely be using often. I’ll only be showing
you the base cases here: often there are a number of options you can enable to do different things
(e.g. recursively make directories with mkdir -r), but to see the available options all you need to do is
look for the command’s manual page with man <command>
| Command | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| cat | Concatenante/display a file’s contents in terminal | cat ~/.bashrc |
| cp | Copy a file/folder to another folder | cp ~/file.txt ~/Desktop |
| mv | Move a file/folder to another folder | mv ~/file.txt ~/Desktop |
| rm | Remove a file/folder (delete) | rm ~/file.txt |
| alias | Assign a string of commands another command name | alias cowfort=“fortune | cowsay” |
| curl | Fetch a file from the internet (not pre-installed; alternative to wget) | curl https://github.com/nobrien97/PolygenicSLiMBook/blob/main/src/SLiM/box2.1.slim -o box2.1.slim |
| grep | Search a file’s lines for a particular pattern | grep hello ~/file.txt |
| sed | Modify text coming in from stdin. Combine with grep for powerful editing | See here |
| top | Display info on active processes, CPU and memory usage etc. | top |
| head | Display the first few lines of a file | head ~/multilinefile.txt |
| tail | Display the last few lines of a file | tail ~/multilinefile.txt |
| tar | Bundle files into an archive (compressed with -j or -z) | tar -cg Files.tar.gz ~/FolderOfFiles |
| ssh | Connect to a remote server | ssh<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|
| shutdown | Shuts the Linux system down in one minute (now for immediate) | shutdown now |
| less | Open and read a file (press q to exit) | less ~/file.txt |
| vim | Powerful terminal text editor with steep learning curve | vim ~/file.txt |
| nano | Considerably more user friendly text editor | nano ~/file.txt |
| gedit | Another text editor, this time exists out of the terminal | gedit ~/file.txt |
| history | Display history of commands in the terminal. Rerun any of them with !CommandNumber | history && !! && !3 |
3.4 Input and output
Linux programs are written in such a way that programs take their inputs and spit out their outputs in a standardised way. This means that you can use the same command or tool to affect many different programs’ outputs or inputs with the same syntax. This is done through input and output ‘channels’. The main ones are standard input (stdin), standard output (stdout), and standard error (stderr). You might also see these referred to as file descriptors. Programmers can write code to send their output to stdout (and error messages to stderr) to avoid having to implement their own system. If they require addition functionality, they can create their own channels as well. For more on input/output and file descriptors, see this video.
By default, stdin takes the input of what the user types in the terminal, and stdout (and stderr) prints everything to the terminal. This behaviour can be changed by using pipes and redirection, making these input/output streams very powerful indeed. One consequence of this is we can chain together commands, feeding their output into another command. Take this example:
fortune | cowsay
## ________________________________________
## / You will always have good luck in your \
## \ personal affairs. /
## ----------------------------------------
## \ ^__^
## \ (oo)\_______
## (__)\ )\/\
## ||----w |
## || ||
Here, we use the |
, called the ‘pipe’, to ‘pipe in’ fortune’s stdout into cowsay’s stdin. The result is a cow
with a textbox (cowsay
) relaying a quote from fortune
.
You can also save the output of a command to a file using redirection >
Take this example:
echo "Hello, world!" > ~/Desktop/file.txt
Redirection is in particular very important in general, and will be used pretty extensively to copy files to the proper place, append files with new lines of results from SLiM, and interface with supercomputers (all coming later!). For that reason, I strongly suggest watching this 10 minute video on all the common redirection and piping methods available so when you see it in future (or need to use their functionality!) you know what you’re looking at.
3.5 Git
Git is a version control software which allows you to maintain a working history of your files. It’s most useful with plaintext files, such as code, where you can directly view the differences between an older version of a file and the current version. In large projects it is vital, but even in small projects with only a few files, version control is very important for organisation, and being able to keep track of your work easily. If you want to test out a change but you are unsure if it will work, Git allows you to do that while always being able to go back to your old version if required. You could save a backup file somewhere, but this is clunky, prone to error, and hard to maintain over time. Git can be a bit confusing to start out, but because of its ubiquity there is a massive amount of information available. Simply googling what you are trying to do will likely get you in the right direction. I would also highly recommend following GitHub’s tutorial to create your first repository, and also checking out Atlassian’s git tutorials.
To save your data online, Git has a feature called ‘remotes’. You can have a local git repository/folder to keep track of your files, and then a remote repository that you and/or others can access from the internet. You can update your files locally, and when you want to update the version on the cloud you ‘push’ them to your remote repository. There a few services which host remotes, but the most used is GitHub.
Git is a command line tool, however it is directly integrated into a variety of software. Both RStudio and VS Code have git support, for instance. Because of this, you will rarely have to use the command line to use git. Nonetheless, there are a few command line options you should know about in case something isn’t working for you with these programs’ integration.
# Make a new Repository
mkdir ~/MyRepositoryFolder
cd ~/MyRepositoryFolder
git init MyRepository
git add * # add all files that git init generates to the repository
git commit -a -m 'Initial commit' # commit all files to the repo with message 'Initial Commit'
# Link a repository to a remote (create a new remote at [GitHub](https://github.com/new))
git remote add origin https:/github.com/UserName/MyRepository.git
# Clone a repository (easiest way to make a new repo: create on GitHub, then clone that into a local folder)
git clone MyRepository https:/github.com/UserName/MyRepository.git
# Add edited/new files to your repository
git add . # '.' to add all edited files in the folder, you can alternatively specify particular files
git commit # This will open up a text editor asking for your commit message
git push # This will push your commit to the remote
# Remove files from the repository, recursively and forcefully
git rm -rf ./AwfulFile.c
git commit
In VS Code,the sidebar has a ‘Source Control’ tab that will allow you to link a repository and/or a remote.
If you load VS Code from within a repository, i.e. cd ~/MyRepository; code .
, it will do this automatically,
assuming you already have a remote linked.
This tab will keep track of the changes you’ve made in the local repo, with options to ‘stage changes’ (git add
),
commit, and push to a remote, although the remote is hidden by default and will require you to right click on the
‘Source Control’ header and tick the ‘Source Control Repositories’ flag:
You might find that some files won’t automatically add themselves to the ‘Changes’ list in VS Code, in which case you’ll have
to click the ‘Refresh’ button next to ‘Source Control’. If this doesn’t work, you’ll have to do it in command line.
I find that VS Code is generally good at keep track of existing files, but not very good at keep track of the folder itself:
that is, removing files and adding files generally won’t be picked up by VS Code, so you’ll need to directly add them through
the command line with git add .
.
3.5.1 Git Branches and Pull Requests
Sometimes you’ll want to change a heap of files at once in your git repository, and going back to the original state if it doesn’t work would be a massive pain. Alternatively, you might want to have a separate files organised in a separate ‘partition’ of your repository. You might also be collaborating with others, in which case you don’t want to be constantly overwriting each others’ work (although Git does automatically merge files with changes on different lines, if you are editing the same file on the same line, some decisions need to be made as to which version to keep). This is where branches come in. A branch is a splitting off point from your repository. You can imagine your repository as a phylogeny: over time, the files change, and branches are created at various points in time creating new, distinct edits. The idea is you can preserve your main repository’s files, work on an experimental branch, and then either abandon it if it doesn’t work, or merge it into your main branch using a ‘pull request’. If you’re collaborating, you can create your own branch so as not to disturb other collaborators, and when you are done, you can create a pull request to pull your branch into the main one. You can also use branches to organise your repository into categories: for example, R bookdown repositories often have a separate branch for hosting the .html website, and another for storing markdown documents, uncompiled code, and data not relevant to the bookdown itself.
From https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/using-branches
To create a new local branch and link it to a new remote branch, you can use the following commands:
git branch NewBranch # Create the new local branch
git checkout NewBranch # Swap to the new local branch
git push NewRemoteBranch NewBranch~ # Create a new branch on the remote called NewRemoteBranch
To view all of the branches available on your project, you can run git branch
with no arguments.
Most of the time, branches aren’t super necessary. They do have their uses, but I wouldn’t recommend creating a heap of
branches for every experiment you want to do: you can always use git reset
to reset your repo to a certain commit.
Similarly, pull requests are only necessary if you’re collaborating and need to have code approved. For more information
on that, I’d recommend checking out Atlassian.
3.5.2 Git for SLiM
I find Git very helpful for maintaining SLiM code. Particularly when playing around with input variables and adding new features, it can be useful to keep track of what is made. However, the main feature I like is the cloud backup which is always available at GitHub.


Warren taps US Rep. Deb Haaland, 2 others as ‘co-chairs'
by EndPlayALBUQUERQUE, N.M. (AP) - Democratic presidential hopeful Elizabeth Warren has named U.S. Reps. Deb Haaland, Ayanna Pressley and Katie Porter as her campaign co-chairs.
Warren made the announcement Friday on social media with a video of the congresswomen at her campaign rallies.
Haaland of Albuquerque is one of the first Native American women elected to the U.S. House.
Pressley was elected to her Boston-area seat after defeating a Democratic incumbent in a primary last year. She is the first black woman elected to Congress from Massachusetts.
Porter represents a district south of Los Angeles.
It was not immediately clear what role the co-chairs will play in the campaign.


<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| +86-15105141357 | Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Technical Background: Hardware Virtualization(familiar), Algorithm(familiar), Intel x86/64 Architecture(familiar), Java EE(familiar).
Programming Language: C++(2 years), Java(4 years), C(2 years), Python(have experience).
Tools: Vim, Git, Svn, MyEclipse, Mindjet, LaTeX.
Interests: Technology practice, Talented design, Think, Tennis.
Language: iBT-TOFEL 102.
Software Institute, Nanjing University
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Memory behavior monitor for live forensics(C)
Hardware virtualization based late-launch hypervisor(C)
Supreme Court Case Management System - Workflow Subsystem(Java)
Others
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Drop BPMN diagram from your desktop or create a new diagram to get started or using BPMN Helper
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cause of the problem
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Master Toma:
A shining bead... Well done!
You can complete the test by taking this to my friend.
I owe so many of my friends... How will you choose one?
Well, would you prefer one that is close or far away?
"The one farthest away."
"The closest one."


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Send changes to Open vSwitch as patches to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>One patch per email, please. More details are included below.
If you are using Git, then git format-patch
takes care of most of
the mechanics described below for you.
Before you send patches at all, make sure that each patch makes sense. In particular:
A given patch should not break anything, even if later
patches fix the problems that it causes. The source tree
should still build and work after each patch is applied.
(This enables git bisect
to work best.)
A patch should make one logical change. Don't make multiple, logically unconnected changes to disparate subsystems in a single patch.
A patch that adds or removes user-visible features should also update the appropriate user documentation or manpages. Check "Feature Deprecation Guidelines" section in this document if you intend to remove user-visible feature.
Testing is also important:
A patch that modifies existing code should be tested with
make check
before submission.
A patch that adds or deletes files should also be tested with
make distcheck
before submission.
A patch that modifies Linux kernel code should be at least build-tested on various Linux kernel versions before submission. I suggest versions 2.6.32 and whatever the current latest release version is at the time.
A patch that modifies the ofproto or vswitchd code should be tested in at least simple cases before submission.
A patch that modifies xenserver code should be tested on XenServer before submission.
If you are using GitHub, then you may utilize the travis-ci.org CI build system by linking your GitHub repository to it. This will run some of the above tests automatically when you push changes to your repository. See the "Continuous Integration with Travis-CI" in the [INSTALL.md] file for details on how to set it up.
The subject line of your email should be in the following format:
[PATCH <n>/<m>] <area>: <summary>
[PATCH <n>/<m>]
indicates that this is the nth of a series
of m patches. It helps reviewers to read patches in the
correct order. You may omit this prefix if you are sending
only one patch.
<area>:
indicates the area of the Open vSwitch to which the
change applies (often the name of a source file or a
directory). You may omit it if the change crosses multiple
distinct pieces of code.
<summary>
briefly describes the change.
The subject, minus the [PATCH <n>/<m>]
prefix, becomes the first line
of the commit's change log message.
The body of the email should start with a more thorough description of the change. This becomes the body of the commit message, following the subject. There is no need to duplicate the summary given in the subject.
Please limit lines in the description to 79 characters in width.
The description should include:
The rationale for the change.
Design description and rationale (but this might be better added as code comments).
Testing that you performed (or testing that should be done but you could not for whatever reason).
Tags (see below).
There is no need to describe what the patch actually changed, if the reader can see it for himself.
If the patch refers to a commit already in the Open vSwitch repository, please include both the commit number and the subject of the patch, e.g. 'commit 632d136c (vswitch: Remove restriction on datapath names.)'.
If you, the person sending the patch, did not write the patch
yourself, then the very first line of the body should take the form
From: <author name> <author email>
, followed by a blank line. This
will automatically cause the named author to be credited with
authorship in the repository.
The description ends with a series of tags, written one to a line as the last paragraph of the email. Each tag indicates some property of the patch in an easily machine-parseable manner.
Examples of common tags follow.
Signed-off-by: Author Name<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Informally, this indicates that Author Name is the author or
submitter of a patch and has the authority to submit it under
the terms of the license. The formal meaning is to agree to
the Developer's Certificate of Origin (see below).
If the author and submitter are different, each must sign off.
If the patch has more than one author, all must sign off.
Signed-off-by: Author Name<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Signed-off-by: Submitter Name<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Co-authored-by: Author Name<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Git can only record a single person as the author of a given
patch. In the rare event that a patch has multiple authors,
one must be given the credit in Git and the others must be
credited via Co-authored-by: tags. (All co-authors must also
sign off.)
Acked-by: Reviewer Name<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Reviewers will often give an Acked-by: tag to code of which
they approve. It is polite for the submitter to add the tag
before posting the next version of the patch or applying the
patch to the repository. Quality reviewing is hard work, so
this gives a small amount of credit to the reviewer.
Not all reviewers give Acked-by: tags when they provide
positive reviews. It's customary only to add tags from
reviewers who actually provide them explicitly.
Tested-by: Tester Name<EMAIL_ADDRESS>When someone tests a patch, it is customary to add a
Tested-by: tag indicating that. It's rare for a tester to
actually provide the tag; usually the patch submitter makes
the tag himself in response to an email indicating successful
testing results.
Tested-at: <URL>
When a test report is publicly available, this provides a way
to reference it. Typical <URL>s would be build logs from
autobuilders or references to mailing list archives.
Some autobuilders only retain their logs for a limited amount
of time. It is less useful to cite these because they may be
dead links for a developer reading the commit message months
or years later.
Reported-by: Reporter Name<EMAIL_ADDRESS>When a patch fixes a bug reported by some person, please
credit the reporter in the commit log in this fashion. Please
also add the reporter's name and email address to the list of
people who provided helpful bug reports in the AUTHORS file at
the top of the source tree.
Fairly often, the reporter of a bug also tests the fix.
Occasionally one sees a combined "Reported-and-tested-by:" tag
used to indicate this. It is also acceptable, and more
common, to include both tags separately.
(If a bug report is received privately, it might not always be
appropriate to publicly credit the reporter. If in doubt,
please ask the reporter.)
Requested-by: Requester Name<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Suggested-by: Suggester Name<EMAIL_ADDRESS>When a patch implements a request or a suggestion made by some
person, please credit that person in the commit log in this
fashion. For a helpful suggestion, please also add the
person's name and email address to the list of people who
provided suggestions in the AUTHORS file at the top of the
source tree.
(If a suggestion or a request is received privately, it might
not always be appropriate to publicly give credit. If in
doubt, please ask.)
Reported-at: <URL>
If a patch fixes or is otherwise related to a bug reported in
a public bug tracker, please include a reference to the bug in
the form of a URL to the specific bug, e.g.:
Reported-at: https://bugs.debian.org/743635
This is also an appropriate way to refer to bug report emails
in public email archives, e.g.:
Reported-at: http://openvswitch.org/pipermail/dev/2014-June/040952.html
VMware-BZ: #1234567
ONF-JIRA: EXT-12345
If a patch fixes or is otherwise related to a bug reported in
a private bug tracker, you may include some tracking ID for
the bug for your own reference. Please include some
identifier to make the origin clear, e.g. "VMware-BZ" refers
to VMware's internal Bugzilla instance and "ONF-JIRA" refers
to the Open Networking Foundation's JIRA bug tracker.
Bug #1234567.
Issue: 1234567
These are obsolete forms of VMware-BZ: that can still be seen
in old change log entries. (They are obsolete because they do
not tell the reader what bug tracker is referred to.)
To help track the author of a patch as well as the submission chain, and be clear that the developer has authority to submit a patch for inclusion in openvswitch please sign off your work. The sign off certifies the following:
Developer's Certificate of Origin 1.1
By making a contribution to this project, I certify that:
(a) The contribution was created in whole or in part by me and I
have the right to submit it under the open source license
indicated in the file; or
(b) The contribution is based upon previous work that, to the best
of my knowledge, is covered under an appropriate open source
license and I have the right under that license to submit that
work with modifications, whether created in whole or in part
by me, under the same open source license (unless I am
permitted to submit under a different license), as indicated
in the file; or
(c) The contribution was provided directly to me by some other
person who certified (a), (b) or (c) and I have not modified
it.
(d) I understand and agree that this project and the contribution
are public and that a record of the contribution (including all
personal information I submit with it, including my sign-off) is
maintained indefinitely and may be redistributed consistent with
this project or the open source license(s) involved.
Open vSwitch is intended to be user friendly. This means that under normal circumstances we don't abruptly remove features from OVS that some users might still be using. Otherwise, if we would, then we would possibly break our user setup when they upgrade and would receive bug reports.
Typical process to deprecate a feature in Open vSwitch is to:
(a) Mention deprecation of a feature in the NEWS file. Also, mention
expected release or absolute time when this feature would be removed
from OVS altogether. Don't use relative time (e.g. "in 6 months")
because that is not clearly interpretable.
(b) If Open vSwitch is configured to use deprecated feature it should print
a warning message to the log files clearly indicating that feature is
deprecated and that use of it should be avoided.
(c) If this feature is mentioned in man pages, then add "Deprecated" keyword
to it.
Also, if there is alternative feature to the one that is about to be marked as deprecated, then mention it in (a), (b) and (c) as well.
Remember to followup and actually remove the feature from OVS codebase once deprecation grace period has expired and users had opportunity to use at least one OVS release that would have informed them about feature deprecation!
If you want to include any comments in your email that should not be
part of the commit's change log message, put them after the
description, separated by a line that contains just ---
. It may be
helpful to include a diffstat here for changes that touch multiple
files.
The patch should be in the body of the email following the description, separated by a blank line.
Patches should be in diff -up
format. We recommend that you use Git
to produce your patches, in which case you should use the -M -C
options to git diff
(or other Git tools) if your patch renames or
copies files. Quilt (http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/quilt) might
be useful if you do not want to use Git.
Patches should be inline in the email message. Some email clients corrupt white space or wrap lines in patches. There are hints on how to configure many email clients to avoid this problem at: http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git;a=blob_plain;f=Documentation/email-clients.txt If you cannot convince your email client not to mangle patches, then sending the patch as an attachment is a second choice.
Please follow the style used in the code that you are modifying. The [CodingStyle.md] file describes the coding style used in most of Open vSwitch. Use Linux kernel coding style for Linux kernel code.
``` From fa29a1c2c17682879e79a21bb0cdd5bbe67fa7c0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jesse Gross<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Date: Thu, 8 Dec 2011 13:17:24 -0800 Subject: [PATCH] datapath: Alphabetize include/net/ipv6.h compat header.
datapath/linux/Modules.mk | 2 +- 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
diff --git a/datapath/linux/Modules.mk b/datapath/linux/Modules.mk index fdd952e..f6cb88e 100644 --- a/datapath/linux/Modules.mk +++ b/datapath/linux/Modules.mk @@ -56,11 +56,11 @@ openvswitchheaders += \ linux/compat/include/net/dst.h \ linux/compat/include/net/genetlink.h \ linux/compat/include/net/ip.h \ + linux/compat/include/net/ipv6.h \ linux/compat/include/net/netnamespace.h \ linux/compat/include/net/netlink.h \ linux/compat/include/net/protocol.h \ linux/compat/include/net/route.h \ - linux/compat/include/net/ipv6.h \ linux/compat/genetlink.inc
<IP_ADDRESS> ```


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Once you have covered the main functionality in ggseg
you will want to use it to plot the results of your data. In order to do this, your data must adhere to certain specifications, so that ggseg
can manage to merge your data with the atlas you are using. This means you need to be able to inspect and locate the way the regions you are working with are names in the internal atlas files. This vignette should provide the tools you need to figure these features out, and to manipulate your data to fit these requirements.
There are several ways you can inspect what the data in the atlas looks like. While each atlas has some small differences, they all share six main columns:
1. long - x-axis
2. lat - y-axis
3. area - name of area/network
4. hemi - hemisphere (left or right)
5. side - side of view (medial, lateral, sagittal or axial)
Most atlases also have a label
column, which are raw names assigned from the program run to segment/extract data.
This information is stored in a list of data.frames called atlas.info
, which is loaded when ggseg is loaded, just like the atlases and palettes.
##
## Attaching package: 'magrittr'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:testthat':
##
## equals, is_less_than, not
##
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'
## The following object is masked from 'package:testthat':
##
## matches
## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filter, lag
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
## # A tibble: 80 x 6
## atlas area hemi side label ggseg
## <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <list>
## 1 dkt superior temporal left lateral lh_superiortempo… <tibble [1,494…
## 2 dkt pre central left lateral lh_precentral <tibble [1,314…
## 3 dkt post central left lateral lh_postcentral <tibble [1,164…
## 4 dkt rostral middle fr… left lateral lh_rostralmiddle… <tibble [1,194…
## 5 dkt insula left lateral lh_insula <tibble [870 ×…
## 6 dkt superior parietal left lateral lh_superiorparie… <tibble [480 ×…
## 7 dkt inferior temporal left lateral lh_inferiortempo… <tibble [906 ×…
## 8 dkt lateral occipital left lateral lh_lateraloccipi… <tibble [738 ×…
## 9 dkt lateral orbitofro… left lateral lh_lateralorbito… <tibble [528 ×…
## 10 dkt superior frontal left lateral lh_superiorfront… <tibble [420 ×…
## # … with 70 more rows
Here you can see information about the dkt
atlas, and the main attributes of this atlas. If you want to use external data with your ggseg
plot, you will need to make sure that your data has at least one column corresponding in name and content with another in the atlas you are using.
For instance, here we make some data for the “default” and “visual” networks in the dkt
atlas, and two p values for those two networks.
someData = tibble(area=c("superior temporal","pre central", "lateral orbitofrontal"),
p=c(.03,.6, .05)
)
someData
## # A tibble: 3 x 2
## area p
## <chr> <dbl>
## 1 superior temporal 0.03
## 2 pre central 0.6
## 3 lateral orbitofrontal 0.05
Notice you we have spelled bothe the column name and the area names exactly as they appear in the data. This is necessary for the merging within the ggseg
function to work properly. This merge can be attempted before supplying the data to ggseg
to see if there are any errors.
## Joining, by = "area"
## # A tibble: 10 x 7
## atlas area hemi side label ggseg p
## <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <list> <dbl>
## 1 dkt superior tempor… left lateral lh_superiortem… <tibble [1,4… 0.03
## 2 dkt pre central left lateral lh_precentral <tibble [1,3… 0.6
## 3 dkt post central left lateral lh_postcentral <tibble [1,1… NA
## 4 dkt rostral middle … left lateral lh_rostralmidd… <tibble [1,1… NA
## 5 dkt insula left lateral lh_insula <tibble [870… NA
## 6 dkt superior pariet… left lateral lh_superiorpar… <tibble [480… NA
## 7 dkt inferior tempor… left lateral lh_inferiortem… <tibble [906… NA
## 8 dkt lateral occipit… left lateral lh_lateralocci… <tibble [738… NA
## 9 dkt lateral orbitof… left lateral lh_lateralorbi… <tibble [528… 0.05
## 10 dkt superior frontal left lateral lh_superiorfro… <tibble [420… NA
No errors! Yes, the p
column is seemingly full of NA
s, but that is just because the top of the data is the somatomotor network, which we did not supply any p values for, so it has been populated with NA
s. We can sort the data differently, so we can see the p
has been added correctly.
## Joining, by = "area"
## # A tibble: 10 x 7
## atlas area hemi side label ggseg p
## <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <list> <dbl>
## 1 dkt superior tempor… left lateral lh_superiortem… <tibble [1,4… 0.03
## 2 dkt superior tempor… right lateral rh_superiortem… <tibble [1,3… 0.03
## 3 dkt lateral orbitof… left lateral lh_lateralorbi… <tibble [528… 0.05
## 4 dkt lateral orbitof… right lateral rh_lateralorbi… <tibble [636… 0.05
## 5 dkt pre central left lateral lh_precentral <tibble [1,3… 0.6
## 6 dkt pre central right lateral rh_precentral <tibble [1,3… 0.6
## 7 dkt post central left lateral lh_postcentral <tibble [1,1… NA
## 8 dkt rostral middle … left lateral lh_rostralmidd… <tibble [1,1… NA
## 9 dkt insula left lateral lh_insula <tibble [870… NA
## 10 dkt superior pariet… left lateral lh_superiorpar… <tibble [480… NA
If you need your data to be matched on several columns, the approach is the same. Add the column you want to match on, with the exact same name, and make sure it’s content matches the content of the same column in the data.
## # A tibble: 3 x 3
## area p hemi
## <chr> <dbl> <chr>
## 1 superior temporal 0.03 left
## 2 pre central 0.6 left
## 3 lateral orbitofrontal 0.05 left
## Joining, by = c("area", "hemi")
## # A tibble: 10 x 7
## atlas area hemi side label ggseg p
## <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr> <list> <dbl>
## 1 dkt superior tempor… left lateral lh_superiortem… <tibble [1,4… 0.03
## 2 dkt lateral orbitof… left lateral lh_lateralorbi… <tibble [528… 0.05
## 3 dkt pre central left lateral lh_precentral <tibble [1,3… 0.6
## 4 dkt post central left lateral lh_postcentral <tibble [1,1… NA
## 5 dkt rostral middle … left lateral lh_rostralmidd… <tibble [1,1… NA
## 6 dkt insula left lateral lh_insula <tibble [870… NA
## 7 dkt superior pariet… left lateral lh_superiorpar… <tibble [480… NA
## 8 dkt inferior tempor… left lateral lh_inferiortem… <tibble [906… NA
## 9 dkt lateral occipit… left lateral lh_lateralocci… <tibble [738… NA
## 10 dkt superior frontal left lateral lh_superiorfro… <tibble [420… NA
Notice how the message now states that it is joining by = c("area", "hemi")
. The merge function has recognized that there are two equally named columns, and assumes (in this case correctly) that these are equivalent.
Notice that everything is case-sensitive, so writing Area
or Left
will not result in matching.
ggseg
When you have managed to create data that merges nicely with the atlas, you can go ahead and supply it to the function.
You can actually also supply it directly as an atlas. For instance, if you had saved the merged data from the previous steps, you can supply this directly to the atlas
option.
## Joining, by = c("area", "hemi")
It is this possibility of supplying a custom atlas that gives you particular flexibility, though a little tricky to begin with. Lets do a recap of the unwanted results:
someData = data.frame(
area = rep(c("transverse temporal", "insula",
"pre central","superior parietal"),2),
p = sample(seq(0,.5,.001), 8),
AgeG = c(rep("Young",4), rep("Old",4)),
stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
ggseg(.data=someData, colour="white", mapping=aes(fill=p)) +
facet_wrap(~AgeG, ncol=1) +
theme(legend.position = "bottom")
See how you have three facets, when you only have 2 groups, and that the “background” brain is not printed in your two groups. This is because for ggplot, that is what the data looks like. For this to work, you can supply already grouped data to ggseg
, but you must make sure they are grouped by the columns you will use for facetting, or else it will not work.
# If you group_by the columns you will facet by, this will work well.
someData = someData %>%
group_by(AgeG)
# We can now supply the newAtlas as an atlas to ggseg
ggseg(.data = someData, atlas=dkt, colour="white", mapping=aes(fill=p)) +
facet_wrap(~AgeG, ncol=1) +
theme(legend.position = "bottom") +
scale_fill_gradientn(colours = c("royalblue","firebrick","goldenrod"),na.value="grey")
This whole procedure can be piped together, so you dont have to save all the intermediate steps.


React makes it painless to create interactive UIs. Design simple views for each state in your application, and React will efficiently update and render just the right components when your data changes.
React makes it painless to create interactive UIs. Design simple views for each state in your application, and React will efficiently update and render just the right components when your data changes.
React makes it painless to create interactive UIs. Design simple views for each state in your application, and React will efficiently update and render just the right components when your data changes.
React makes it painless to create interactive UIs. Design simple views for each state in your application, and React will efficiently update and render just the right components when your data changes.
React makes it painless to create interactive UIs. Design simple views for each state in your application, and React will efficiently update and render just the right components when your data changes.


Asylum seekers
=> Data source: This page presents information about asylum applications in a given year and the progress of asylum-seekers through the refugee status determination process. Such data is available since 2000.
Map of the top 10 countries of origin who applied for asylum in 2018
Bar Chart of the top 10 countries of origin who applied for asylum in 2018, with the rejection rate.
Bar Chart of the top 10 countries of origin who applied for asylum in 2017, with the rejection rate.
After comparing the demand for asylum in the world in 2018 and 2017 for the top 10 origins, we can conclude the following:
For Irak, Syria, and Afghanistan the demand stayed relatively the same, which can be explained with the continuity of deterioration of their home countries.
For Venezuela, the demand has doubled in 2018, which can, of course, be explained by the increase of violence, insecurity, the deteriorating political, socioeconomic and human rights conditions. The high rejection rate is due to the fact that Venezuela is situated in a region where the asylum procedures are overwhelmed.
Visualizing the top 3 countries of Origin:
After the first analysis, the top three countries are Syria, Venezuela, and Afghanistan:
Top 5 destinations for asylum by the top 3 origins in 2018
Top 5 destinations for asylum by the top 3 origins in 2018
The civil war in Syria is the most talked-about in the last 8 years, let's see where the Syrian asylum seekers went:
Top 5 destinations for asylum by the top 3 origins in 2018
Top 5 destinations for asylum by the top 3 origins in 2018
Looking at these figures that show the number of Syrian asylum seekers around the world in the last 8 years. we can see that the number skyrocketed in 2015, in the peek of the Syrian civil war. And that the most desirable country for Syrian was Germany with a high of 266k people in 2016.


Shuffle your 'divs', randomize your results or make an slide, jQuery-SlotMachine is not a simple animation plugin


CENG 3502
Delivery Address
Payment Methods
Wire Transfer
Credit Card
Basket Summary
Checkout Summary
Address:
...
Payment Method:
...
Total Amount:
Bla bla bla
Buy


Castray
This page contains an index of all the individuals in the database with the surname of Castray. Selecting the person’s name will take you to that person’s individual page.
| Given Name | Birth | Death | Partner | Parents |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alice Beatrice | 1914-12-21 | 1991-07-31 | Howe, Henry Bryant | Castray, Edward Wellesley Booth Cook, Rose Ellen |
| Antoinette Louise | 1945-03-23 | 1953-06-15 | Castray, Frederick William MacAlpine, [Living] | |
| Arthur Edward | 1903-04-15 | 1982-07-11 | Baird, Linda May | Castray, Edward Wellesley Booth Cook, Rose Ellen |
| Edward L. | 1868 | 1868 | Castray, John Wellesby Booth Shepherd, Eliza Jane | |
| Edward Wellesley Booth | 1879-12-01 | 1948-06-28 | Cook, Rose Ellen | Castray, John Wellesby Booth Shepherd, Eliza Jane |
| Eva Elizabeth | 1908-02-06 | 2004-09-06 | Chapman, Raymond C. | Castray, Edward Wellesley Booth Cook, Rose Ellen |
| Florence Rose | 1904-12-08 | 1991-05-10 | Poole, Harold Slayney “Dick” | Castray, Edward Wellesley Booth Cook, Rose Ellen |
| Frederick William | 1918-01-07 | 1987-04-01 | MacAlpine, [Living] | Castray, Edward Wellesley Booth Cook, Rose Ellen |
| John Wellesby Booth | about 1847 | 1911 | Shepherd, Eliza Jane | Castray, Luke Richard Booth, Mary Ann |
| Luke Richard | Booth, Mary Ann | |||
| May Kathleen | 1906-04-23 | 1995-06-01 | Berwick, Alfred Allan William | Castray, Edward Wellesley Booth Cook, Rose Ellen |
| Stanley | 1921-12-04 | 1999-08-21 | Florence, Married, Gloria, Married | Castray, Edward Wellesley Booth Cook, Rose Ellen |
| Thomas John | 1912-02-18 | 1993-02-14 | Holmes, Mary Hyacinthe | Castray, Edward Wellesley Booth Cook, Rose Ellen |
| Winifred Mary | 1909-05-06 | Haggett, Frederick George | Castray, Edward Wellesley Booth Cook, Rose Ellen | |
| [Living] | Green, William | Castray, Edward Wellesley Booth Cook, Rose Ellen | ||
| [Living] | Castray, Stanley Gloria, Married | |||
| [Living] | Castray, Stanley Gloria, Married | |||
| [Living] | Castray, Stanley Gloria, Married | |||
| [Living] | Castray, Stanley Gloria, Married | |||
| [Living] | Castray, Stanley Gloria, Married | |||
| [Living] | Castray, Stanley Gloria, Married | |||
| [Living] | Castray, [Living] | Castray, Arthur Edward Baird, Linda May | ||
| [Living] | O'Brien, [Living] | Castray, Arthur Edward Baird, Linda May | ||
| [Living] | ???, [Living] | Castray, Thomas John Holmes, Mary Hyacinthe | ||
| [Living] | ??, [Living] | Castray, Thomas John Holmes, Mary Hyacinthe | ||
| [Living] | Peters, [Living] | Castray, Arthur Edward Baird, Linda May | ||
| [Living] | Kevin, [Living] | Castray, Frederick William MacAlpine, [Living] | ||
| [Living] | Julie, [Living] | Castray, Frederick William MacAlpine, [Living] | ||
| [Living] | Castray, [Living] |


Shatta Wale Finally Explains Why He Gifted His Award To Stonebwoy
by Ghbase New WriterShatta Wale surprised everyone during the just ended MTN 4Syte Music Awards when he gifted his Most Popular Music Video award to Stonebwoy, his former rival who has now become his buddy.
His gesture impressed a lot of Ghanaians as they genuinely believed it symbolizes the end of their age long beef and ushering a new dawn as they embrace they new found friendship.
In a fresh with Joy Prime, the SM boss said his action that night was to encourage the young ones in the industry whiles adding that looking at their history, he thought it wise to make that move to foster a healthy relationship between them.
He further indicated that he loves Stonebwoy so much and has supported since day one.
Watch the full video below;


Please see our User Guide for detailed explanations of all of Kanji alive's features or watch our demonstration videos. If you are having technical difficulties, please refer to our Troubleshooting page.
詳細は、メーニューの「日本語」内にある使用説明とトラブルシューティングをご参照ください。
| Next/Previous kanji | Use the left arrow and right arrow keys or click on the left and right single pointed brackets in the top navigation bar |
| Toggle kanji animation/typeface | Use the up arrow or down arrow keys or click on the large image of the kanji. |
| Next/Previous typeface | Use the SHIFT + left arrow and SHIFT + right arrow keys or click on the left and right single pointed brackets next to the name of the typeface |
| Return to Search | Click on the text of the current search term on the far left of the navigation bar |
Note: The order in which kanji appear in the detail view when selecting the next or previous kanji is dependant on the sort mode previously chosen in the search view.
| Play/Pause kanji animation | Use the spacebar or click on the play/pause icon in the center of the kanji animation controls or. |
| Next/Previous stroke | Use the SHIFT + left arrow or SHIFT + right arrow keys, click the previous and next stroke icons on each side of the play/pause icon or move your mouse cursor over the stroke breakdown images. |
| Radical animation | Click on the image on the far right of the radical field to view an animation illustrating the radical's historical derivation. |
| Examples | Move your mouse cursor over a Japanese word in the Examples field to reveal its English meaning. Click on the play icon to the right of each example to hear its pronunciation. |
| Example sentences | Click on the phrase to view the online dictionary entry for the target kanji in Kenkyusha's Luminous Dictionary. |


{% extends 'flask_user/emails/base_message.html' %} {% block message %}
Your password has been changed.
{% if user_manager.USER_ENABLE_FORGOT_PASSWORD %}If you did not initiate this password change, click here to reset it.
{% endif %} {% endblock %}


South Park: Bigger, Longer, and Uncut (R) Featuring the voices of Trey Parker, Matt Stone Directed by Trey Parker A Review by Frankie Paiva
You'll hear a lot of people say this, and I'm here to tell you it's 100% true. There hasn't been a movie so dead on not only in it's comedy, but in current events since Wag The Dog in 1997. Kenny, Cartman, Stan, and Kyle sneak into an R-rated movie starring Candian comedians Terrance and Phillip who's main concern is singing the audience songs about having sex with everything imaginable (donkeys, uncles, mothers, etc.) this strikes a chord with the crude 3rd graders who begins quoting lines from the film. Several (hard) pokes at the MPAA, anyone of an ethnical race or religion, and Canada (who gets poked the hardest, which caused me to wonder if they'd re-edit the film to show "Blame the United States" for Canadian viewers.) follow to ensure a wild comic ride that reminded me of Election on swearing steroids.
Is the film for kids?  An unlucky Bill Gates!) and other extreme and objectionable material to set off thousands of concerned parents and activists. As Kyle's mother (who is the head of M.A.C., Mothers Against Canada) says that these movies corrupt our youth, there's another point (proven in the musical number "Kyle's Mom's A Bitch") that the outcome of the children "affected" by this film depends on the impressionability (if that's even a word) of the viewer. It all starts at home, and this message is loud and through this movie that, while crude for some, is controversial, political, and funny all at the same time.
A Review by Frankie Paiva The 12 Year-Old Movie Reviewer
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


--- layout: post title: Getting an AD 9850BRS Working date: '2015-12-06 19:23:04 -0500' categories: - Electronics tags: [] comments: ---
An AD 9850BRS is an IC that lets you create radio frequency waveforms. The output frequency is controlled by a serial connection. Phil bought a board that includes one and some control circuitry. It's labeled HC-SR08. We were eventually able to get it working.
Here's what it looks like:
We used an Arduino Due, which runs at 3.3V, but from looking at the data sheet for the chip, I think it should work on 5V Arduinos as well. We ended up using this Arduino library. We connected the following pins on the daughter board to the Arduino:
We found the example code in that Github to be silly. This worked for us:
{% highlight c %}
#include
Check it out:


Rate list of our services :-)
For your convenience, we portrayed our rate list of AC services in Ambala
Split AC
- Jet service : Rs.499
- Installation : Rs.1299
- Un Installation : Rs.499
- Gas Filling : Rs.2199
- Repair on Inspection (Visiting charge Rs.199- if no work is done)
Window AC
- Jet service : Rs.399
- Installation : Rs.549
- Un Installation : Rs.299
- Gas Filling : Rs.2199
- Repair on Inspection (Visiting charge Rs.199- if no work is done)
Cassette AC
- Jet service : Rs.799
- Installation : Rs.2299
- Un Installation : Rs.999
- Gas Filling : Rs.3199
- Repair on Inspection (Visiting charge Rs.199- if no work is done)
Note:- All the above charges may vary depending upon the condition of AC.
For more details, pls call us or fill our request service form.
Contact Us
Address
Haryana Air Conditioning 2001, Ashok Nagar, Sector 14 Karnal, Haryana, 132001
Open Hours
Monday - Saturday
10:00AM - 08:00PM


Fonts
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Home
This is a preview for my font selection. All fonts need to be installed/available locally.


Join us in helping
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on Google Cloud
To Find Algorithmically
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We are investigating interest in journalism. On the following page, you will be given a few news headlines. Feel free to click on any of them to read the corresponding article, as you would on any news website.
You do not need to read the full article, feel free to skip to the end if the chosen article does not interest you. Click on "NEXT" at the end of an article to proceed further.
NOTE : Do not press your browser's back button at any point during this survey.
You are required to read 3 such articles.


welcome to
artworks
Use the
Microsoft Custom Vision Service Prediction API
to analyze and predict the original artist of famous paintings.
step one
Browse (...)
to find an image on your local file system.
step two
Click
Predict
to view artist predictions.


Copy this link to share it.
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Use pagination components in conjunction with Lists, Tables, and Trees to allow for more efficient performance
and quick access to specific records in the overall data set.
Pagination links are navigable via the tab key and selected with the space bar or enter key.
If <= 9 pages present - all pages shown, button in active state shown for the current page, otherwise "..."
(more) elements shown, input with the current page value shown, can be used to navigate to certain page.
Pres Enter or Space after filling the input with page number to navigate to the certain page.
The pagination component's currentPage
value must be updated from your component for the component
to work properly.
Pages can be selected programmatically by calling the goToPage(pageNumber)
method of the pagination
component.


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ridge.
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forest,
cultivated
banana
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dbb
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Higgins
53
August
24,
1992
with
Prosper
Paris
Pieldvork
supported
by
the
latioial
Cancer
Institute
aid
Merck
Research
Laboratories
Legend -
Level of confidence that token is an accurately-transcribed word
extremely low
very low
low
undetermined
medium
high
very high


stripe
/
com.stripe.android
/
GooglePayJsonFactory
/
BillingAddressParameters
/
Format
/
Full
Full
Full
Name, street address, locality, region, country code, and postal code.


- Pipelines with tweakable parameters for data prep, model evalaution, and post-processing.
- Achieve end-to-end reproducibility by recording every step in the process.
| Tabular(2D: array, df, file,single site time series) | Sequence(3D: files, channels,multi site time series) | Image(4D: multi image, grayscale video) | |
| Classification(binary, multi) |
Keras (binary,
multi)
✓ PyTorch (binary, multi) |
Keras (binary,
multi)
✓ PyTorch (binary, multi) |
Keras (binary,
multi)
✓ PyTorch (binary, multi) |
| Quantification(regression) |
Keras
✓ PyTorch |
Keras ✓ PyTorch |
Keras ✓ PyTorch |
| Forecasting(multivariate walk forward) |
Keras
✓ PyTorch |
Keras ✓ PyTorch |
Keras ✓ PyTorch |
- Also compatible with TensorFlow 2 for model maintenance and training loop customization.
- Enables multi-modal analysis (e.g. combine histology images with medical records and doctor's notes).
Overview¶
I. Rapidly prepare folded data for analysis without leakage.¶
Make datasets from files (csv, parquet), structures (pandas, numpy), & images (pillow).
Designate columns by name as either Features or Labels.
Easily split, fold, & stratify samples (size_validation=0.12, fold_count=5).
Apply encoders by dtype (float64) without leaking test/ validation data.
II. Train many variations of an algorithm in a queue.¶
Queue many training jobs for hyperparameter tuning & cross-validation.
Automatically pass hyperparameters into training functions as **kwargs.
Tweak the model topology as a param (params[‘extra_conv3D_layer’]=True).
Repeat a job to to give it a chance to perform well (repeat_count=3).
III. Evaluate algorithm performance with metrics & charts.¶
Automated performance metrics & visualizations for every split/ fold.
Captures per-epoch history metrics for learning curves.
Define multi-metric success criteria for early stopping.
IV. Effortlessly track, reproduce, & prove experiments.¶
Automatically records all workflow steps in a local SQLite database file.
During inference, original preprocessing is automatically applied to new samples.
No infrastructure hassle; aiqc.setup() creates the database for you.
V. Easy to install. With tutorials to guide you.¶
pip install --upgrade aiqc
import aiqc
# Data for tutorials.
from aiqc import datum
# Creates & connects to the database.
aiqc.setup()
Example datasets built into package.
Use any IDE (Jupyter, RStudio, VSCode, PyCharm, Spyder) & OS (Win, Mac, Lin).
Easy to learn, 2-step tutorials: Pipeline that feeds into an Experiment.


Restrict ETRN command upon...
smtpd_etrn_restrictions
This parameter restricts what clients are allowed to issue the ETRN
command. The present Postfix ETRN differs from other ETRN
implementations in that it flushes mail for all destinations. This will change
in the future.
The default is to allow ETRN from any host. The following restrictions
are available:


OpenCOR offers a consistent GUI across the different platforms it supports. The look and feel of the interface is determined by the plugins that are selected. The first time you run OpenCOR, it will look something like this:
The central area is used to interact with files. By default, no files are open, hence the OpenCOR logo is shown instead. To the sides, there are dockable windows, which provide additional features. Those windows can be dragged and dropped to the top or bottom of the central area:
Alternatively, they can be undocked:
Or even closed, either by directly closing the window itself or by unticking the corresponding menu item (under the View
menu, or the Help
menu for the Help window):
To unselect all the plugins will result in OpenCOR looking 'empty':


TYFY / Two-Year-First-Year is a public charity dedicated to sharing best practices among programs that support first year students at two year colleges.
TYFY / Two-Year-First-Year is a public charity dedicated to sharing best practices among programs that support first year students at two year colleges.


Use this tool to populate master items from an external source to several apps at once.
-
This extension does not check the synthax of master objects.
-
Prefer updating or adding master items to applications that are not already opened.
-
Ensure that the applications to which you are adding new master items have at least one sheet.
Loading data...


Mission and values
Monday Charitable Trust (MCT) aims to improve life chances of disadvantaged and often marginalised groups in the UK. We do this by supporting UK registered charities that work to tackle disadvantage, mainly in the fields of housing, education, welfare and social mobility. We fund programmes which address or seek to identify the root causes of issues, as we believe that such programmes will deliver the greatest social impact over the long term.


Distributed joins are a cakewalk
Dgraph can run complex distributed queries involving filters, string matching, pagination, sorting and geolocations blazingly fast.
Play with 21M facts from Freebase Film Data loaded up on demo Dgraph instance, via GraphQL+- in real time.
- Powered by Dgraph
| Entities found | : | {{latency_data.entity_count}} |
| Server latency | : | {{ latency_data.total }} |
| Processing | : | {{latency_data.processing}} |
| JSON Conversion | : | {{latency_data.json}} |
json
tree
Why use Dgraph?
-
Low Latency, High Throughput
Storage layer of Dgraph is designed for efficient retrieval, it offers low enough latency to be serving real time user queries, over terabytes of structured data.
-
Distributed and Scalable
Easily scale to multiple machines, or datacenters. Dgraph's sharded storage and query processing were specifically designed to minimize the number of network calls.
-
Open Source
Written entirely in Go, Dgraph is available under open-source license.
Use Cases
Download Dgraph
Install Dgraph binaries quickly in a single step using this command if you are on Linux/Mac: curl https://get.dgraph.io | bash
For other methods of installing Dgraph check out our documentation.


Public Safety once again a sprawling portfolio of pressing concerns
by The Canadian Press, StaffOTTAWA - Just over a year ago, Bill Blair took the reins of a new federal ministry -- border security and organized crime reduction -- hived off from veteran minister Ralph Goodale's sprawling public safety and emergency preparedness portfolio.
Following Goodale's defeat in the recent election, Blair is now leading a reunified public safety department and juggling the many pressing responsibilities that go with it, from tackling gun violence to modernizing the RCMP.
The decision to bring the elements back under one roof comes as the emergency-management strand of the portfolio takes on new prominence and occupies more ministerial time.
Disasters such as floods and wildfires are becoming more common and severe across the country, due in part to climate change.
Goodale helped manage the federal response to disasters such as the wildfire in Fort McMurray, Alta., oversaw financial assistance to affected provinces and territories, and worked on reducing the impacts of hazardous events on communities.
Genevieve Tellier, a professor in the University of Ottawa's faculty of social sciences, says eventually creating a standalone emergency-management portfolio would make good political sense.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published Nov. 21, 2019.


CANDIDATE FORUM will be held on November 23 and I will be attending. Please come between 6-9 pm.
With my best interests for all of our people as well as my dutifulness as a team member I assure you that I will be open to talk at any given time.
Free thinking
Friendly observant
Principles representation
Dutifulness extroversion
Highly motivated for change
Ready for change
Very vocal, strong healthy man that can be approached or approach any situation
Vote for Herman White Jr for council!
objectives
Actions with Morals
Actions with Morals
Bring to the table win-win survival strategies to ensure proactive domination. At the end of the day, going forward, a new normal that has evolved from generation X is on the runway heading towards a streamlined cloud solution. User generated content in real-time will have multiple touchpoints for offshoring.
Actions with Morals
Transparency
Bring to the table win-win survival strategies to ensure proactive domination. At the end of the day, going forward, a new normal that has evolved from generation X is on the runway heading towards a streamlined cloud solution. User generated content in real-time will have multiple touchpoints for offshoring.
Actions with Morals
Openness
Bring to the table win-win survival strategies to ensure proactive domination. At the end of the day, going forward, a new normal that has evolved from generation X is on the runway heading towards a streamlined cloud solution. User generated content in real-time will have multiple touchpoints for offshoring.
Actions with Morals
Accountability
Bring to the table win-win survival strategies to ensure proactive domination. At the end of the day, going forward, a new normal that has evolved from generation X is on the runway heading towards a streamlined cloud solution. User generated content in real-time will have multiple touchpoints for offshoring.
Actions with Morals
Honesty
Bring to the table win-win survival strategies to ensure proactive domination. At the end of the day, going forward, a new normal that has evolved from generation X is on the runway heading towards a streamlined cloud solution. User generated content in real-time will have multiple touchpoints for offshoring.
Actions with Morals
Communications
Bring to the table win-win survival strategies to ensure proactive domination. At the end of the day, going forward, a new normal that has evolved from generation X is on the runway heading towards a streamlined cloud solution. User generated content in real-time will have multiple touchpoints for offshoring.
100% for more education, more education means more jobs
Bring to the table win-win survival strategies to ensure proactive domination. At the end of the day, going forward, a new normal that has evolved from generation X is on the runway heading towards a streamlined cloud solution. User generated content in real-time will have multiple touchpoints for offshoring.
100% for more education, more education means more jobs
Snuneymuwx jobs, Snuneymuwx priority
Bring to the table win-win survival strategies to ensure proactive domination. At the end of the day, going forward, a new normal that has evolved from generation X is on the runway heading towards a streamlined cloud solution. User generated content in real-time will have multiple touchpoints for offshoring.


Last updated: January 16, 2016
Texchange ("us", "we", or "our") operates the http://www.texchange.ca website (the "Service").
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Book of the day:
The Adventures of Captain Underpants: Color Edition
by Dav Pilkey. Drawn in 2013.
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Prior transcription factor binding knowledge and target gene expression data are integrated in a Bayesian framework for functional cis-regulatory module inference. Using Gibbs sampling, we iteratively estimate transcription factor associations for each gene, regulation strength for each binding event and the hidden activity for each transcription factor.
| Version: | 0.1.0 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 3.4) |
| Imports: | stats |
| Suggests: | knitr, rmarkdown |
| Published: | 2018-06-06 |
| Author: | Xi Chen [aut, cre], Jianhua Xuan [aut] |
| Maintainer: | Xi Chen <xichen86 at vt.edu> |
| License: | GPL-2 |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| CRAN checks: | BICORN results |
| Reference manual: | BICORN.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
An Introduction to BICORN |
| Package source: | BICORN_0.1.0.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: BICORN_0.1.0.zip, r-release: BICORN_0.1.0.zip, r-oldrel: BICORN_0.1.0.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: BICORN_0.1.0.tgz, r-oldrel: BICORN_0.1.0.tgz |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=BICORN to link to this page.


We're excited about your choice to join our site.
A brief tutorial on using the site.
All coupons in the system:View and purchase from all coupons.
Note!You can purchase a coupon only once
If in case an expired coupon is found it will not be possible to purchase it.
There is a possibility to filter the coupons according to title, price and type.
To see all coupons again, clear the fields.
My coupons:View coupons you purchased.
My coupons flitered by price :Displays coupons up to the price you entered in the field
My coupons flitered by type :Displays coupons according the type you entered in the field
To exit the system safely, click the Logout button


This is heading 1.
This is an ordinary text. Notice that this is red.
The default text color for a page is defined in the body selector.
This isa paragraph with a <p>tag.
This is blue; use the p selector


This project allows you to get the stars from a Github repository and plot a graph out of it.
Important! The project only get the current stars and place them on the graph depending on its timestamp. It does not take into account the stars that were removed. That is why the graph is always growing or constant but not going down.
You can try it by either providing a Github API token or use the button at the top to sign up with Github.
Contributions to that project are more than welcome, especially... for everything! You are welcome to talk to me about it on Golang slack. (If there is a need for it, I might make a channel) Request an invite if you are not already on the channel.


--- layout: post authors: ["Greg Wilson"] title: "Software Carpentry on the CBC" date: 2014-03-01 time: "14:00:00" tags: ["Community"] ---
Greg Wilson was recently interviewed by CBC Radio's "Spark" program: you can listen to the interview online, or catch it live this Sunday at 1:00 pm.


PTHREADS
Section: Linux Programmer's Manual (7)
Updated: 2014-05-21
Index
Return to Main Contents
NAME
pthreads - POSIX threads
DESCRIPTION
POSIX.1 specifies a set of interfaces (functions, header files) for
threaded programming commonly known as POSIX threads, or Pthreads.
A single process can contain multiple threads,
all of which are executing the same program.
These threads share the same global memory (data and heap segments),
but each thread has its own stack (automatic variables).

Note that the pthreads functions do not set
errno.
For each of the pthreads functions that can return an error,
POSIX.1-2001 specifies that the function can never fail with the error
EINTR.
Thread IDs
Each of the threads in a process has a unique thread identifier
(stored in the type
pthread_t).
This identifier is returned to the caller of
pthread_create(3),
and a thread can obtain its own thread identifier using
pthread_self(3).
Thread IDs are guaranteed to be unique only within a process.
A thread ID may be reused after a terminated thread has been joined,
or a detached thread has terminated.
In all pthreads functions that accept a thread ID as an argument,
that ID by definition refers to a thread in
the same process as the caller.
Thread-safe functions
A thread-safe function is one that can be safely
(i.e., it will deliver the same results regardless of whether it is)
called from multiple threads at the same time.
POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008 require that all functions specified
in the standard shall be thread-safe,
except for the following functions:
asctime()
basename()
catgets()
crypt()
ctermid() if passed a non-NULL argument
ctime()
dbm_clearerr()
dbm_close()
dbm_delete()
dbm_error()
dbm_fetch()
dbm_firstkey()
dbm_nextkey()
dbm_open()
dbm_store()
dirname()
dlerror()
drand48()
ecvt() [POSIX.1-2001 only (function removed in POSIX.1-2008)]
encrypt()
endgrent()
endpwent()
endutxent()
fcvt() [POSIX.1-2001 only (function removed in POSIX.1-2008)]
ftw()
gcvt() [POSIX.1-2001 only (function removed in POSIX.1-2008)]
getc_unlocked()
getchar_unlocked()
getdate()
getenv()
getgrent()
getgrgid()
getgrnam()
gethostbyaddr() [POSIX.1-2001 only (function removed in POSIX.1-2008)]
gethostbyname() [POSIX.1-2001 only (function removed in POSIX.1-2008)]
gethostent()
getlogin()
getnetbyaddr()
getnetbyname()
getnetent()
getopt()
getprotobyname()
getprotobynumber()
getprotoent()
getpwent()
getpwnam()
getpwuid()
getservbyname()
getservbyport()
getservent()
getutxent()
getutxid()
getutxline()
gmtime()
hcreate()
hdestroy()
hsearch()
inet_ntoa()
l64a()
lgamma()
lgammaf()
lgammal()
localeconv()
localtime()
lrand48()
mrand48()
nftw()
nl_langinfo()
ptsname()
putc_unlocked()
putchar_unlocked()
putenv()
pututxline()
rand()
readdir()
setenv()
setgrent()
setkey()
setpwent()
setutxent()
strerror()
strsignal() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
strtok()
system() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
tmpnam() if passed a non-NULL argument
ttyname()
unsetenv()
wcrtomb() if its final argument is NULL
wcsrtombs() if its final argument is NULL
wcstombs()
wctomb()
Async-cancel-safe functions
An async-cancel-safe function is one that can be safely called
in an application where asynchronous cancelability is enabled (see
pthread_setcancelstate(3)).
Only the following functions are required to be async-cancel-safe by
POSIX.1-2001 and POSIX.1-2008:
pthread_cancel()
pthread_setcancelstate()
pthread_setcanceltype()
Cancellation points
POSIX.1 specifies that certain functions must,
and certain other functions may, be cancellation points.
If a thread is cancelable, its cancelability type is deferred,
and a cancellation request is pending for the thread,
then the thread is canceled when it calls a function
that is a cancellation point.
The following functions are required to be cancellation points by
POSIX.1-2001 and/or POSIX.1-2008:
accept()
aio_suspend()
clock_nanosleep()
close()
connect()
creat()
fcntl() F_SETLKW
fdatasync()
fsync()
getmsg()
getpmsg()
lockf() F_LOCK
mq_receive()
mq_send()
mq_timedreceive()
mq_timedsend()
msgrcv()
msgsnd()
msync()
nanosleep()
open()
openat() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
pause()
poll()
pread()
pselect()
pthread_cond_timedwait()
pthread_cond_wait()
pthread_join()
pthread_testcancel()
putmsg()
putpmsg()
pwrite()
read()
readv()
recv()
recvfrom()
recvmsg()
select()
sem_timedwait()
sem_wait()
send()
sendmsg()
sendto()
sigpause() [POSIX.1-2001 only (moves to "may" list in POSIX.1-2008)]
sigsuspend()
sigtimedwait()
sigwait()
sigwaitinfo()
sleep()
system()
tcdrain()
usleep() [POSIX.1-2001 only (function removed in POSIX.1-2008)]
wait()
waitid()
waitpid()
write()
writev()
The following functions may be cancellation points according to
POSIX.1-2001 and/or POSIX.1-2008:
access()
asctime()
asctime_r()
catclose()
catgets()
catopen()
chmod() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
chown() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
closedir()
closelog()
ctermid()
ctime()
ctime_r()
dbm_close()
dbm_delete()
dbm_fetch()
dbm_nextkey()
dbm_open()
dbm_store()
dlclose()
dlopen()
dprintf() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
endgrent()
endhostent()
endnetent()
endprotoent()
endpwent()
endservent()
endutxent()
faccessat() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
fchmod() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
fchmodat() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
fchown() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
fchownat() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
fclose()
fcntl() (for any value of cmd argument)
fflush()
fgetc()
fgetpos()
fgets()
fgetwc()
fgetws()
fmtmsg()
fopen()
fpathconf()
fprintf()
fputc()
fputs()
fputwc()
fputws()
fread()
freopen()
fscanf()
fseek()
fseeko()
fsetpos()
fstat()
fstatat() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
ftell()
ftello()
ftw()
futimens() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
fwprintf()
fwrite()
fwscanf()
getaddrinfo()
getc()
getc_unlocked()
getchar()
getchar_unlocked()
getcwd()
getdate()
getdelim() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
getgrent()
getgrgid()
getgrgid_r()
getgrnam()
getgrnam_r()
gethostbyaddr() [SUSv3 only (function removed in POSIX.1-2008)]
gethostbyname() [SUSv3 only (function removed in POSIX.1-2008)]
gethostent()
gethostid()
gethostname()
getline() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
getlogin()
getlogin_r()
getnameinfo()
getnetbyaddr()
getnetbyname()
getnetent()
getopt() (if opterr is nonzero)
getprotobyname()
getprotobynumber()
getprotoent()
getpwent()
getpwnam()
getpwnam_r()
getpwuid()
getpwuid_r()
gets()
getservbyname()
getservbyport()
getservent()
getutxent()
getutxid()
getutxline()
getwc()
getwchar()
getwd() [SUSv3 only (function removed in POSIX.1-2008)]
glob()
iconv_close()
iconv_open()
ioctl()
link()
linkat() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
lio_listio() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
localtime()
localtime_r()
lockf() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
lseek()
lstat()
mkdir() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
mkdirat() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
mkdtemp() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
mkfifo() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
mkfifoat() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
mknod() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
mknodat() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
mkstemp()
mktime()
nftw()
opendir()
openlog()
pathconf()
pclose()
perror()
popen()
posix_fadvise()
posix_fallocate()
posix_madvise()
posix_openpt()
posix_spawn()
posix_spawnp()
posix_trace_clear()
posix_trace_close()
posix_trace_create()
posix_trace_create_withlog()
posix_trace_eventtypelist_getnext_id()
posix_trace_eventtypelist_rewind()
posix_trace_flush()
posix_trace_get_attr()
posix_trace_get_filter()
posix_trace_get_status()
posix_trace_getnext_event()
posix_trace_open()
posix_trace_rewind()
posix_trace_set_filter()
posix_trace_shutdown()
posix_trace_timedgetnext_event()
posix_typed_mem_open()
printf()
psiginfo() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
psignal() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
pthread_rwlock_rdlock()
pthread_rwlock_timedrdlock()
pthread_rwlock_timedwrlock()
pthread_rwlock_wrlock()
putc()
putc_unlocked()
putchar()
putchar_unlocked()
puts()
pututxline()
putwc()
putwchar()
readdir()
readdir_r()
readlink() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
readlinkat() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
remove()
rename()
renameat() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
rewind()
rewinddir()
scandir() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
scanf()
seekdir()
semop()
setgrent()
sethostent()
setnetent()
setprotoent()
setpwent()
setservent()
setutxent()
sigpause() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
stat()
strerror()
strerror_r()
strftime()
symlink()
symlinkat() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
sync()
syslog()
tmpfile()
tmpnam()
ttyname()
ttyname_r()
tzset()
ungetc()
ungetwc()
unlink()
unlinkat() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
utime() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
utimensat() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
utimes() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
vdprintf() [Added in POSIX.1-2008]
vfprintf()
vfwprintf()
vprintf()
vwprintf()
wcsftime()
wordexp()
wprintf()
wscanf()
An implementation may also mark other functions
not specified in the standard as cancellation points.
In particular, an implementation is likely to mark
any nonstandard function that may block as a cancellation point.
(This includes most functions that can touch files.)
Compiling on Linux
On Linux, programs that use the Pthreads API should be compiled using
cc -pthread.
Linux implementations of POSIX threads
Over time, two threading implementations have been provided by
the GNU C library on Linux:
- LinuxThreads
-
This is the original Pthreads implementation.
Since glibc 2.4, this implementation is no longer supported.
- NPTL (Native POSIX Threads Library)
-
This is the modern Pthreads implementation.
By comparison with LinuxThreads, NPTL provides closer conformance to
the requirements of the POSIX.1 specification and better performance
when creating large numbers of threads.
NPTL is available since glibc 2.3.2,
and requires features that are present in the Linux 2.6 kernel.
Both of these are so-called 1:1 implementations, meaning that each
thread maps to a kernel scheduling entity.
Both threading implementations employ the Linux
clone(2)
system call.
In NPTL, thread synchronization primitives (mutexes,
thread joining, and so on) are implemented using the Linux
futex(2)
system call.
LinuxThreads
The notable features of this implementation are the following:
- -
-
In addition to the main (initial) thread,
and the threads that the program creates using
pthread_create(3),
the implementation creates a "manager" thread.
This thread handles thread creation and termination.
(Problems can result if this thread is inadvertently killed.)
- -
-
Signals are used internally by the implementation.
On Linux 2.2 and later, the first three real-time signals are used
(see also
signal(7)).
On older Linux kernels,
SIGUSR1
and
SIGUSR2
are used.
Applications must avoid the use of whichever set of signals is
employed by the implementation.
- -
-
Threads do not share process IDs.
(In effect, LinuxThreads threads are implemented as processes which share
more information than usual, but which do not share a common process ID.)
LinuxThreads threads (including the manager thread)
are visible as separate processes using
ps(1).
The LinuxThreads implementation deviates from the POSIX.1
specification in a number of ways, including the following:
- -
-
Calls to
getpid(2)
return a different value in each thread.
- -
-
Calls to
getppid(2)
in threads other than the main thread return the process ID of the
manager thread; instead
getppid(2)
in these threads should return the same value as
getppid(2)
in the main thread.
- -
-
When one thread creates a new child process using
fork(2),
any thread should be able to
wait(2)
on the child.
However, the implementation only allows the thread that
created the child to
wait(2)
on it.
- -
-
When a thread calls
execve(2),
all other threads are terminated (as required by POSIX.1).
However, the resulting process has the same PID as the thread that called
execve(2):
it should have the same PID as the main thread.
- -
-
Threads do not share user and group IDs.
This can cause complications with set-user-ID programs and
can cause failures in Pthreads functions if an application
changes its credentials using
seteuid(2)
or similar.
- -
-
Threads do not share a common session ID and process group ID.
- -
-
Threads do not share record locks created using
fcntl(2).
- -
-
The information returned by
times(2)
and
getrusage(2)
is per-thread rather than process-wide.
- -
-
Threads do not share semaphore undo values (see
semop(2)).
- -
-
Threads do not share interval timers.
- -
-
Threads do not share a common nice value.
- -
-
POSIX.1 distinguishes the notions of signals that are directed
to the process as a whole and signals that are directed to individual
threads.
According to POSIX.1, a process-directed signal (sent using
kill(2),
for example) should be handled by a single,
arbitrarily selected thread within the process.
LinuxThreads does not support the notion of process-directed signals:
signals may be sent only to specific threads.
- -
-
Threads have distinct alternate signal stack settings.
However, a new thread's alternate signal stack settings
are copied from the thread that created it, so that
the threads initially share an alternate signal stack.
(A new thread should start with no alternate signal stack defined.
If two threads handle signals on their shared alternate signal
stack at the same time, unpredictable program failures are
likely to occur.)
NPTL
With NPTL, all of the threads in a process are placed
in the same thread group;
all members of a thread group share the same PID.
NPTL does not employ a manager thread.
NPTL makes internal use of the first two real-time signals
(see also
signal(7));
these signals cannot be used in applications.
NPTL still has at least one nonconformance with POSIX.1:
- -
-
Threads do not share a common nice value.
Some NPTL nonconformances occur only with older kernels:
- -
-
The information returned by
times(2)
and
getrusage(2)
is per-thread rather than process-wide (fixed in kernel 2.6.9).
- -
-
Threads do not share resource limits (fixed in kernel 2.6.10).
- -
-
Threads do not share interval timers (fixed in kernel 2.6.12).
- -
-
Only the main thread is permitted to start a new session using
setsid(2)
(fixed in kernel 2.6.16).
- -
-
Only the main thread is permitted to make the process into a
process group leader using
setpgid(2)
(fixed in kernel 2.6.16).
- -
-
Threads have distinct alternate signal stack settings.
However, a new thread's alternate signal stack settings
are copied from the thread that created it, so that
the threads initially share an alternate signal stack
(fixed in kernel 2.6.16).
Note the following further points about the NPTL implementation:
- -
-
If the stack size soft resource limit (see the description of
RLIMIT_STACK
in
setrlimit(2))
is set to a value other than
unlimited,
then this value defines the default stack size for new threads.
To be effective, this limit must be set before the program
is executed, perhaps using the
ulimit -s
shell built-in command
(limit stacksize
in the C shell).
Determining the threading implementation
Since glibc 2.3.2, the
getconf(1)
command can be used to determine
the system's threading implementation, for example:
bash$ getconf GNU_LIBPTHREAD_VERSION
NPTL 2.3.4
With older glibc versions, a command such as the following should
be sufficient to determine the default threading implementation:
bash$ $( ldd /bin/ls | grep libc.so | awk '{print $3}' ) | \
egrep -i 'threads|nptl'
Native POSIX Threads Library by Ulrich Drepper et al
Selecting the threading implementation: LD_ASSUME_KERNEL
On systems with a glibc that supports both LinuxThreads and NPTL
(i.e., glibc 2.3.x), the
LD_ASSUME_KERNEL
environment variable can be used to override
the dynamic linker's default choice of threading implementation.
This variable tells the dynamic linker to assume that it is
running on top of a particular kernel version.
By specifying a kernel version that does not
provide the support required by NPTL, we can force the use
of LinuxThreads.
(The most likely reason for doing this is to run a
(broken) application that depends on some nonconformant behavior
in LinuxThreads.)
For example:
bash$ $( LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.2.5 ldd /bin/ls | grep libc.so | \
awk '{print $3}' ) | egrep -i 'threads|ntpl'
linuxthreads-0.10 by Xavier Leroy
SEE ALSO
clone(2),
futex(2),
gettid(2),
proc(5),
futex(7),
sigevent(7),
signal(7),
Various Pthreads manual pages, for example:
pthread_attr_init(3),
pthread_atfork(3),
pthread_cancel(3),
pthread_cleanup_push(3),
pthread_cond_signal(3),
pthread_cond_wait(3),
pthread_create(3),
pthread_detach(3),
pthread_equal(3),
pthread_exit(3),
pthread_key_create(3),
pthread_kill(3),
pthread_mutex_lock(3),
pthread_mutex_unlock(3),
pthread_once(3),
pthread_setcancelstate(3),
pthread_setcanceltype(3),
pthread_setspecific(3),
pthread_sigmask(3),
pthread_sigqueue(3),
and
pthread_testcancel(3)
Index
- NAME
-
- DESCRIPTION
-
- Pthreads function return values
-
- Thread IDs
-
- Thread-safe functions
-
- Async-cancel-safe functions
-
- Cancellation points
-
- Compiling on Linux
-
- Linux implementations of POSIX threads
-
- LinuxThreads
-
- NPTL
-
- Determining the threading implementation
-
- Selecting the threading implementation: LD_ASSUME_KERNEL
-
- SEE ALSO
-
This document was created by
man2html,
using the manual pages.
Time: 02:55:22 GMT, September 18, 2014


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