FORTRESS A film review by Mark R. Leeper Copyright 1993 Mark R. Leeper
Capsule review: This extremely formulaic prison film set in the 21st century will be more at home on cable than a Flying Wallenda. Stuart Gordon's future prison looks like it is from the 21st Century, but the story feels like it is out of the 1950s--the low end of the 1950s. Gordon is good at mixing dark humor and horror, but you couldn't prove it by this tired exercise in Sci-Fi (as opposed to science fiction). Rating: high -1 on the -4 to +4 scale.
I went with friends to see this one. They had coupons. It was a dollar to get into the movie and twenty-five cents for popcorn. My friend Dale got the popcorn. When the film was over I told Dale I hoped he had gotten a dollar's worth of popcorn because he hadn't gotten twenty-five cents' worth of film.
Okay, that is a bit of an overstatement. But certainly this was a film that is better to have seen than it was to be seeing it. There was a breed of science fiction writing called "space opera" because it was really just a bad Western or "horse opera" translated to a science fiction story just by making substitutions. FORTRESS is not really a science fiction film at all but a bad prison film thinly disguised as science fiction because it takes place in the future. The plot is one long string of prison film cliches. We have the good guy who is sentenced to prison unfairly for breaking an unjust law. He is threatened and abused by the sadistic prison warden while the tough prisoners want make hamburger out of him. The toughs try beating up on him and can't. Meanwhile he wins the hearts and minds of all the prisoners but the toughest con and he proves he has guts by taking a punishment intended for a weaker friend. But he still has to prove he is the top of the pecking order by fighting the biggest and meanest of the prisoners.  And on and on ad nauseum. This is a plot built of one cliche after another. Except it doesn't take place in some jerkwater prison in the present, it takes place in Tomorrow. In this future the ZPG folks AND the pro-life folks have both gotten their way. The law in "one woman, one pregnancy." Our hero tried to have a second baby after their first baby died. So into the clinker husband and wife go. The prison is privately owned by sadists who somehow can run this ultra-modern electronic prison on the $26/day/inmate they get from the state. This prison may be uncomfortable, but it sure is fancy, and how they run it on $26/day/inmate is beyond explaining.
Christopher Lambert did a decent job as Tarzan in GREYSTOKE. That is mostly because there seems to be something strange about him that is hard to put a finger on and there would be with Tarzan also. But generally he just is not a very good actor. In this film his acting seems particularly wooden as he plays John Brennick, the lone wolf standing up against a society gone wrong. Loryn Locklin plays Brennick's beautiful blond wife, loved by Brennick and lusted after by the nasty warden. She is bland but she can speak her lines and does not bump into the furniture. Kurtwood Smith who seems to be making a career of playing stern villains (like the unsympathetic father in DEAD POETS SOCIETY) here plays the prison warden. As it turns out there is a little more to him than meets the eye at first, but nothing that is very interesting. Still admittedly he is a better actor than either Lambert or Locklin. Lincoln Kilpatrick--trying hard to be Morgan Freeman and nearly succeeding--plays a wise old inmate.
Stuart Gordon who is better known for horror directs, but the drab prison motif robs this film of the black humor that his REANIMATOR films and his PIT AND THE PENDULUM had. About the only aspect of this film that is above rather than beneath expectation is the art direction and set design. The prison really has a decent look. I just wish a better story was written to take advantage of the look. My rating for this is a high -1 on the -4 to +4 scale.
Mark R. Leeper att!mtgzfs3!leeper<EMAIL_ADDRESS>.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


|
Jala 1.3 | ||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | ||||||||
| SUMMARY: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
Object | +--jala.Date.Calendar
This class represents a calendar based based on a grouped
collection of HopObjects. It provides several methods for rendering
the calendar plus defining locale and timezone settings.
Defined in Date.js
| Nested Class Summary | |
<static class> |
jala.Date.Calendar.Renderer |
| Constructor Summary | |
jala.Date.Calendar
(<HopObject> collection)
Creates a new instance of jala.Data.Calendar |
| Method Summary | |
String
|
getAccessNameFormat()
Returns the format of the access name used by this calendar to access child group objects of the collection this calendar is operating on. |
String
|
getCalendar(today)
Returns a rendered calendar |
HopObject
|
getCollection()
Returns the collection this calendar object works on |
String
|
getHrefFormat()
Returns the date formatting pattern used to render hrefs. |
java.util.Locale
|
getLocale()
Returns the locale used within this calendar instance. |
Object
|
getRenderer()
Returns the renderer used by this calendar. |
java.util.Locale
|
getTimeZone()
Returns the locale used within this calendar instance. |
void
|
render(today)
Renders the calendar using either a custom renderer defined using setRenderer() or the default one. |
void
|
setAccessNameFormat(<String> fmt)
Sets the format of the group name to use when trying to access child objects of the collection this calendar is operating on. |
void
|
setHrefFormat(<String> fmt)
Sets the format of the hrefs to render by this calendar to the format pattern passed as argument. |
void
|
setLocale(<java.util.Locale> loc)
Sets the locale to use within this calendar object |
void
|
setRenderer(<Object> r)
Sets the renderer to use. |
void
|
setTimeZone(tz)
Sets the locale to use within this calendar object |
| Constructor Detail |
jala.Date.Calendar(<HopObject> collection)
collection
- A grouped HopObject collection to work on
| Method Detail |
String getAccessNameFormat()
String getCalendar(today)
HopObject getCollection()
String getHrefFormat()
java.util.Locale getLocale()
Object getRenderer()
java.util.Locale getTimeZone()
void render(today)
void setAccessNameFormat(<String> fmt)
fmt
- The date format pattern to use for accessing child objects
void setHrefFormat(<String> fmt)
fmt
- The date format pattern to use for rendering the href
void setLocale(<java.util.Locale> loc)
loc
- The locale to use
void setRenderer(<Object> r)
r
- The renderer to use
void setTimeZone(tz)
loc
- The locale to use
|
Jala 1.3 | ||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | ||||||||
| SUMMARY: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |


Business analyst with a technical slant.
Understanding business problems and gathering requirements to help solve them.
Get in touch: first.last@gmail.com


This platform helps to display famous life
sayings and quotes about life that will inspire
positivity and good, happy feelings. Enjoy
some inspirational life quote.It also allows one
to also create a quote.Feel free to like or
dislike a quote.


The Carroll County Times reports 28-year-old Adam V. Slatniske was arrested Monday on related charges. He has since posted bail Tuesday and been released. Slatniske had been listed as a dentist on Parkville Family Dentistry’s website. Owner James Kokorelis says Slatniske no longer works there.
The Carroll County Sheriff’s Office says a tip reported by the social network MeWe to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children led to the investigation of Slatniske. A sheriff’s office statement says the tip included “sample” images traced back to Slatniske. The statement says Slatniske told police that people saying he couldn’t be interested in such images of children “piqued my interest.”
It’s unclear if Slatniske has a lawyer.
Information from: Carroll County Times , http://www.carrollcountytimes.com/
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Copyright © 2019 The Washington Times, LLC.
Please read our comment policy before commenting.


Hard working, Coordinated & respectful student ready to learn new things. My main hobby's are Coding & Music Production. I currently attend Mountain Ridge High School & West-MEC, personally i believe this is great for my education. Fun Fact: I'm super double jointed.
Personal Profile
Motivated & ready-to-learn student currently attending West-MEC as my professional enviornment school and have always had a passion for coding, therefore, it would be very nice to apply for a web developing position. Ever since i was young i've always loved tampering with computers and their systems, so when i saw there was a buisiness-like job for it i knew i had to be in the class.
Knowledge, Skills & Abilities
- Programming
— Writing computer programs for various purposes.
- Time Management
— Managing one's own time and the time of others.
- System Management
- Making sure that everyone is in the right position and right duty.
- Active Learning
— Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making.
- Systems Analysis
— Determining how a system should work and how changes in conditions, operations, and the environment will affect outcomes.
Education
Mountain Ridge High School Glendale, AZ Expected Grad Date: May 2020
West-MEC Coding Program GPA: 4
Relevant Coursework: I take all basic courses & electives, such as math, science, ela, & history. then currently as an elective i have systematics.
Employment/Volunteer Activities
PLAYLive Nation Glendale, AZ Expected Grad Date: May 2020
Intern
Responsibilities include: Monitoring the customers, making sure the tech is all ready to go, & be a cashier sometimes.


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Below is a collection of cuttlefish videos from across the web:
Your browser can’t play this video, but you can download it:
Cuttlefish laying eggs somewhere around Komodo Island (Indonesia)
Silke Baron, CC
Metasepia Pfefferi (Flamboyant Cuttlefish) in Kapalai Island sabah by Underwater Studios.
YouTube
A cuttlefish demonstrating its shape-shifting capability.
Pupil expansion in Sepia officinalis after the room lights go out.
Tliglesias, CC


For One Martyr, in the Easter Season
ENTRANCE ANTIPHON
Perpetual
light will shine on your Saints, O Lord, and life without end for ever,
alleluia.
Or:
This is the one
who was not deserted by God on the day of struggle and now wears a crown of
victory for faithfulness to the Lordís commands, alleluia.
COLLECT
O God, who
were pleased to give light to your Church by adorning blessed N. with the victory of martyrdom, graciously grant
that, as he (she)
imitated the Lordís Passion, so we may, by following in his (her) footsteps, be
worthy to attain eternal joys. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, your Son, who
lives and reigns with you in the unity of the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever
and ever.
PRAYER OVER THE OFFERINGS
Receive, we pray, O Lord, the sacrifice of conciliation and praise which we offer to your majesty in commemoration of the blessed Martyr N., that it may lead us to obtain pardon and confirm us in perpetual thanksgiving. Through Christ our Lord.
PREFACE of Martyrs or of Easter
COMMUNION ANTIPHON
Unless a
grain of wheat falls into the ground and dies, it remains just a grain of
wheat; but if it dies, it produces much fruit, alleluia.
Or:
How precious
in the eyes of the Lord is the death of his holy ones, alleluia.
PRAYER AFTER COMMUNION
We have
received your heavenly gifts, rejoicing at this feast day, O Lord; grant, we
pray, that we, who in this divine banquet proclaim the Death of your Son, may
merit to be partakers with the holy Martyrs in his Resurrection and in his
glory. Who lives and reigns for ever and ever.


{% load i18n finchtags %}
This is just a placeholder page. You can override it by creating a base.html in your projects' template dir.


For each static analysis tool a dedicated parser or scanner will be used to read report files or produce issues in any other way. If your tool is not yet supported you can define a new Groovy based parser in Jenkins system configuration. You can reference this new parser afterwards when you select the tool 'Groovy Parser'. Additionally, you provide a new parser within a new small plug-in. If the parser is useful for other teams as well please share it and provide pull requests for the Warnings Next Generation Plug-in and the Analysis Parsers Library.
The results of the selected tool are published using a unique ID (i.e. URL) which must not be already used by another tool in this job. This ID is used as link to the results, so choose a short and meaningful name. If you leave the ID field empty, then the built-in default ID of the registered tool will be used.
You can also override the display name of the tool. This name is used in details views, trend captions, and hyper links. If you leave the name field empty, then the built-in default name of the registered tool will be used.


The output cache middleware in the Owin Framework supports the following configuration options:
| Property | Default | Current | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rules | {rules.default} | {rules} |
Specifies how long to cache data based on category and priority. This is a list of rules that are in a sequence. The first matching rule will be used to set the cache time. When downstream middleware tells the output cache that it's OK to cache this content, it also specifies a cache priority and a cache category. This list of rules is where you map combinations of category and priority onto a configuration for that type of data. Note that the first rule is matched and blank matches everything. If there is no configuration for a specific category and priority combination then that data will not be cached. For each category and priority you can specify:
|
| DocumentationRootUrl | {documentationUrl.default} | {documentationUrl} |
The URL within your web site where this documentation is available or blank to disable documentation (for production systems). |
This middleware is configured the same way as all other middleware in the Owin Framework; you need to construct a class that implements IConfiguration then add a fluid .ConfigureWith() when you register this middleware with the Owin Framework builder. Please read Owin Framework documentation on configuration for full details with examples.


---
layout: post
title: 'PostgreSQL on cygwin: "Bad system call"'
date: '2004-12-22T21:02:00.000-05:00'
author: Bill Schneider
tags:
modified_time: '2004-12-22T21:07:23.256-05:00'
blogger_id: tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9159309.post-110376764325457999
blogger_orig_url: http://wrschneider.blogspot.com/2004/12/postgresql-on-cygwin-bad-system-call.html
---
I was getting this "Bad system call" message from PostgreSQL 7.4.x on cygwin. It was working earlier, and I thought I had done everything right--cygserver was up and running, so I didn't know what was up. ipcs gave the same error.
Turns out I had forgot the magic word: "CYGWIN=server". The first time I installed PostgreSQL (and read the docs), I had just set the var on the command line (CYGWIN=server pg_ctl start ...) and never put it in my profile. Easy enough to fix.


You just have to be passionate. At BarCamp, you won't find a predetermined speaker list or a line of suits passing out business cards. What you will find is some shaggy dude in a t-shirt talking about moonshine, a web developer talking about the best practices in SEO, or a world traveler sharing their experiences. BarCamp is a chance to network, learn something new, and communicate what you're most passionate about. Come one, come all.
Marketing Your iOS App
Bird Watching for fun and profit
Competitive Intelligence on a Shoestring
How to get Venture Capital
Fostering a Co-working Environment
Creative Problem Solving
How to Make the Perfect Paper Snowflake
Design for Mobile Devices
Plumbing Metaphors can Improve Your Interfaces
Photography Lighting Basics
CSS3 and the Future of Design
How to Wrangle WordPress
HTML5 and the Modern Browser
iPhone, Me, and My Drone
Hardware is the New Geocities
Squirrel Trapping and More
How to Chop Wood like a Pro
Teenage Globetrotting
Making the Best Cup of Coffee
Down a Rabbit Hole of Cool Science


Improve this Doc
The Toggle component is an input component that holds a *boolean* value. Like the [Checkbox component](#checkbox), Toggles are often used to allow the user to switch a setting on or off. Input properties like `value`, `disabled`, and `checked` can be applied to the Toggle to control its behavior.
_For complete usage information, check out the [Toggle API docs](../api/components/toggle/Toggle)._
Basic Usage
Demo Source
```html
```


Although treatment of leprosy is one of the ways to control its spread, more importantly, tackling the most basic issues such as population control, improvement in living conditions of the underprivileged, basic education about the diseases, and dispelling the myths associated with the disease are more important issues.
In order to achieve this, it is important to know the magnitude of the problem and the available resources. Estimates of the prevalence of leprosy are essential for planning and implementing an anti–leprosy program, and also to evaluate its results. Epidemiological surveys can be conducted to find cases of leprosy. Certain target populations could be surveyed e.g. slums, overcrowded dwellings etc. The aim of case detection is to identify and register all cases of leprosy as soon as possible after they’ve become evident. Surveys are usually carried out by primary health care workers (village health guides, multi–purpose workers) in case detection with the active participation of the community.
The case identification is based on the finding of skin patches which have no sensation. Leprosy, like all other communicable diseases is an important disease that merits attention if we have to achieve the object of ‘Health For All’.
- To interrupt the transmission of infection, thereby reducing the incidence of the disease, so that it no longer constitutes a public health problem.
- To treat patients in order to achieve their cure and wherever possible, rehabilitate them.
- To prevent the development of associated deformities.
It is unfortunate that there has not been much progress in terms of research as compared to other diseases such as heart disease and diabetes.
Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation is therefore an integral part of leprosy control. It must begin as soon as the disease is diagnosed. The cheapest and surest rehabilitation is to prevent physical deformities and social and vocational disruption by early diagnosis and adequate treatment.
The following preventive measures are important in the control of leprosy:
Health Education
Health Education should be directed towards the patient and his family, and the general public. The patient and the family should be educated about the need for regular treatment, repeated examination of contacts, self care regarding the prevention of disabilities, and protection of children.
Generating an awareness among people that leprosy is curable, not all leprosy patients are infectious, regular and adequate treatment is essential to obtain cure and prevent disabilities, and that the patient needs sympathy and social support.
It should be impressed upon them that leprosy is not hereditary, casual contact with a patient does not cause leprosy. This can help remove some of the social stigmas associated with the disease. Health education aims at ensuring community participation in order to achieve these objectives.
There is a growing realization that technological advances alone cannot solve the leprosy problem, unless we succeed in involving the public in the control program. They should be made aware that leprosy is not a hereditary disease, it is a bacterial disease like tuberculosis and that it is curable.
Socio–economic considerations in the control of leprosy
Preventing contact with infectious cases is an accepted method of controlling the spread of any communicable disease. It is difficult to envisage effective leprosy control without a significant improvement in the socio–economic conditions of the affected communities. The economic and social problems of the patient and his family should be identified and met.
Leprosy control is a long term activity. Therefore, planning and program management are essential ingredients. An important aspect of leprosy control is to assess the impact of the control operations on the endemicity of the disease, and to compare results between different times and places. Indicators are required for such an evaluation. It is important that these indicators can be easily used.


|
areaDetector
3-12-1
EPICS areaDetector framework
|
Library of functions to use for transforming the time of flight value into another parameter (for example dspace). More...
#include <ADnEDTransform.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| ADnEDTransform () | |
| Constructor. More... | |
| virtual | ~ADnEDTransform () |
| Destructor. More... | |
| epicsFloat64 | calculate (epicsUInt32 type, epicsUInt32 pixelID, epicsUInt32 tof) const |
| Transform the time of flight value into a another parameter. More... | |
| Public Member Functions inherited from ADnEDTransformBase | |
| ADnEDTransformBase () | |
| ADnEDTransform base class. More... | |
| virtual | ~ADnEDTransformBase () |
| Destructor. More... | |
| int | setIntParam (epicsUInt32 paramIndex, epicsUInt32 paramVal) |
| Set integer param. More... | |
| int | setDoubleParam (epicsUInt32 paramIndex, epicsFloat64 paramVal) |
| Set double param. More... | |
| int | setDoubleArray (epicsUInt32 paramIndex, const epicsFloat64 *pSource, epicsUInt32 size) |
| Set array of doubles. More... | |
| void | printParams (void) const |
| For debug, print all to stdout. More... | |
| void | setDebug (bool debug) |
Additional Inherited Members | |
| Protected Attributes inherited from ADnEDTransformBase | |
| epicsUInt32 | m_intParam [ADNED_MAX_TRANSFORM_PARAMS] |
| epicsFloat64 | m_doubleParam [ADNED_MAX_TRANSFORM_PARAMS] |
| epicsFloat64 * | p_Array [ADNED_MAX_TRANSFORM_PARAMS] |
| epicsUInt32 | m_ArraySize [ADNED_MAX_TRANSFORM_PARAMS] |
| bool | m_debug |
Library of functions to use for transforming the time of flight value into another parameter (for example dspace).
The code is compiled into a seperate library and linked in with the ADnED IOC application. This makes it easy to modify or swap out with a different library. The library must be thread safe, and only one instance should be created per detector instance. It does depend on the ADnEDGlobals.h file.
Objects of this class have a range of parameters and arrays for use in the calculations. They are set by ADnED. Array storage is managed internally. The size of the arrays must be equal to the pixel ID range size for a particular detector.
The internal parameters that can be set, which are used in the calculations are: N * epicsUInt32 parameters N * epicsFloat64 parameters N * arrays of type epicsFloat64
The documentation for each calculation type will specify which parameter is used.
| ADnEDTransform::ADnEDTransform | ( | void | ) |
Constructor.
|
virtual |
Destructor.
|
virtual |
Transform the time of flight value into a another parameter.
The calculation used is specified by the type input param. The associated pixel ID is required for any calculation involving a pixelID based lookup in an array.
Note: this could be a static factory method, returning ADnEDTransformBase objects
Transform types are:
ADNED_TRANSFORM_TYPE1 - multiply the TOF by a pixel ID lookup in doubleArray[0]. Can be used for fixed geometry instruments to calculate dspace. Can be used on Vulcan for example.
ADNED_TRANSFORM_TYPE2 - calculate dspace where the theta angle changes. Used for direct geometry instruments like Hyspec. NOTE: not sure how this works yet.
ADNED_TRANSFORM_TYPE3 - calculate deltaE for indirect geometry instruments for their inelastic detectors. This uses an equation which depends on the mass of the neutron, L1, an array of L2 and an array of Ef. The final energy per-pixelID, Ef, is known because of the use of mirrors to select energy. We can calculate incident energy using the known final energy and the TOF. So we are calculating energy transfer for each event.
deltaE = (1/2)Mn * (L1 / (TOF - (L2*sqrt(Mn/(2*Ef))) ) )**2 - Ef where: Mn = mass of neutron in 1.674954 × 10-27 L1 = constant (in meters) Ef and L2 are double arrays based on pixelID. The Ef input array must be in units of MeV. The L2 array is in meters. TOF = time of flight (in seconds)
Energy must be in Joules (1 eV = 1.602176565(35) × 10−19 J)
Once the deltaE has been obtained in Joules, it is converted back to MeV.
Implements ADnEDTransformBase.


Frequently Asked Questions
Benefits · Funding · Road Regulations · SafetyBenefits
How do Clintonville Neighborhood Greenways make it safer for people to bike and walk in the
neighborhood?
Safety is created through a combination of infrastructure and cooperation between all road users.
By using streets with low traffic speed and volume, adding treatments as needed to keep traffic
speed and volume low, and raising awareness through signs, branding, public education, and road
markings, Neighborhood Greenways create a slow street environment that is safe for everyone.
What neighborhood destinations do Clintonville Neighborhood Greenways connect to?
- Schools: Indianola K-8, Clinton Elementary, Calumet Christian, Whetstone High School, School for Young Children, Our Lady of Peace, Indian Springs Elementary, Dominion Middle School, Colerain Elementary, Columbus North International.
- Whetstone Complex: Library, Recreation Center, Park of Roses, soccer and ball fields
- High Street shopping and restaurants
- Clintonville Farmers Market
- Multiple connection points to the Olentangy Trail
Isn't the Olentangy Trail enough?
The Olentangy Trail is great, but it's not practical for short trips within Clintonville.
We need a network of safe roads that connect all of Clintonville so people can bike and walk
to nearby destinations.
Why do we want more people biking and walking in Clintonville?
With more people biking and walking there are more opportunities for social encounters where
neighbors can meet and interact. This makes the neighborhood safer and more pleasant for everyone.
Giving people more transportation options also reduces traffic and parking problems, and increases
patronage of local businesses.
Funding
How will this project be funded?
The first phase of the Neighborhood Greenways project will be funded with Urban Infrastructure
Renewal Funds (UIRF). These funds are allocated by the city for neighborhood improvements that
have been identified and prioritized by residents of the neighborhood. This project (formerly
called the "North South Bike Connector") was identified in the 2009 Clintonville Neighborhood
Plan and approved by the City and Clintonville Area Commission.
Road Regulations
Why should people biking and walking have priority on these streets?
People biking and walking are the most vulnerable road users and they need to be given
priority on neighborhood roads to ensure everyone's safety.
My street is already safe. Why do we need to do anything?
While some people feel safe on the streets as they are, many people, especially those
with younger children, don't feel the roads are safe enough for biking and walking.
How many people are going to be biking on my street?
We don't anticipate any more bike traffic on Neighborhood Greenways than current
volume of car traffic.
Will I still be able to drive on my street?
The Neighborhood Greenways are a shared network of streets. You will always be able
to drive on the streets. In later phases, traffic diverters may be used to discourage
cut-through traffic.
Will the speed limit change on my street?
There are no plans to change speed limits in Phase 1. Long-term, lowering the speed limit
to 20mph on Neighborhood Greenways may be considered. This will not happen without
community dialogue and would require a special exemption from the city.
Will I still be able to park on my street?
There are no plans to limit parking on Neighborhood Greenways.
Will it be confusing for people to navigate the street with new rules and signs?
There will be no new rules for people driving to follow. We anticipate way-finding
signs to mark the route and sharrows to raise awareness of shared use roads.
Neighborhood Safety
Will the Neighborhood Greenways affect neighborhood safety?
Because this is a network of streets within Clintonville, the Neighborhood Greenways
will primarily be used by families that live in the neighborhood. By creating
more "eyes on the street" and a slower street environment, neighborhood
greenways result in more awareness and community connections that are shown to
improve safety and reduce crime.
Will the Neighborhood Greenways be like the Milton Bike Boulevard?
Milton is a through route with many types of people, including some that are riding fast
to get a workout and not respecting the quiet nature of neighborhood streets. By contrast,
The Neighborhood Greenways will primarily be used by families that live in the neighborhood
who are riding to local destinations like restaurants, shopping, and parks.


MBMLStringFunctions Class Reference
| Inherits from | NSObject |
|---|---|
| Declared in | MBMLStringFunctions.h |
Overview
This class implements MBML functions for manipulating strings.
These functions are exposed to the Mockingbird environment via
<Function ... />
declarations in the MBDataEnvironmentModule.xml
file.
For more information on MBML functions, see the MBMLFunction
class.
String quoting
+ q:
Quotes a string, ensuring that it is not interpreted by the Mockingbird expression evaluator.
+ (id)q:(NSString *)toQuote
Parameters
toQuote |
The string being quoted. |
|---|
Return Value
The quoted string.
Discussion
This function can be used to ensure that some or all of an expression is left untouched by the expression evaluator.
This is required, for example, to preserve space characters at the beginning or end of a text literal. (Normally, the expression evaluator ignores whitespace at the beginning or end of text literals.)
This Mockingbird function accepts one parameter, the string to be quoted.
Expression usage
^q( -- Please leave spaces intact -- )
The Mockingbird expression above quotes the string so that the spaces at
the beginning and end of the string are preserved. The return value is:
“ -- Please leave spaces intact --
”.
^q(Ke$ha)
The expression above would return the string “Ke$ha
”.
Normally, the expression evaluator interprets a dollar sign ($
) as the
beginning of a variable reference. By itself, the string “Ke$ha
” would
be recognized as: the text literal “Ke
” followed by a reference to the
Mockingbird variable “ha
”. Assuming there is no value for “$ha
”, without
quoting, the expression “Ke$ha
” would actually result in the string “Ke
”,
which is probably not the desired result.
Quoting the string ensures that it is left intact and not misinterpreted as containing a variable reference.
Declared In
MBMLStringFunctions.h
Expression evaluation
+ eval:
Returns the result of evaluating the given string as an object expression.
+ (id)eval:(NSString *)evalStr
Parameters
evalStr |
The string containing the expression to evaluate. |
|---|
Return Value
The result of evaluating evalStr
in the object context.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts a single parameter, a string containing the expression to be evaluated.
Expression usage
Assume the variable $user
has a value:
^eval(^q($)user)
The expression above would return the object referenced by the variable
$user
.
Declared In
MBMLStringFunctions.h
+ evalBool:
Returns the result of evaluating the given string as a boolean expression.
+ (id)evalBool:(NSString *)evalStr
Parameters
evalStr |
The string containing the expression to evaluate. |
|---|
Return Value
The result of evaluating evalStr
in the boolean context.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts a single parameter, a string containing the expression to be evaluated.
Expression usage
^evalBool(T)
The expression above returns an NSNumber
instance containing the
boolean value YES
.
Declared In
MBMLStringFunctions.h
String stripping & trimming
+ trimSpaces:
Removes any leading and trailing whitespace from the given string.
+ (id)trimSpaces:(NSString *)toTransform
Parameters
toTransform |
The function’s input parameter, the string being trimmed. |
|---|
Return Value
The trimmed string.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts a single parameter, an expression representing the string to be trimmed.
Expression usage
^trimSpaces( Hi, how are you? )
The expression above would result in the value “Hi, how are you?
”.
Declared In
MBMLStringFunctions.h
+ stripSpaces:
Removes all space characters from the given string.
+ (id)stripSpaces:(NSString *)toTransform
Parameters
toTransform |
The function’s input parameter, the string being stripped. |
|---|
Return Value
The string, stripped of spaces.
Discussion
Note that this removes only space characters, not all whitespace.
This Mockingbird function accepts a single parameter, an expression representing the string to be stripped.
Expression usage
^stripSpaces( Hi, how are you? )
The expression above would result in the value “Hi,howareyou?
”.
Declared In
MBMLStringFunctions.h
+ stripQueryString:
Removes the query string from a string containing a URL.
+ (id)stripQueryString:(NSString *)toTransform
Parameters
toTransform |
The function’s input parameter, the URL string from which the query string will be stripped. |
|---|
Return Value
The URL with the query string removed.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts a single parameter, a string expression yielding the URL string from which the query string should be removed.
Expression usage
^stripQueryString(http://www.gilt.com/?utm_campaign=claris)
The expression above would return the string “http://www.gilt.com/
”.
Declared In
MBMLStringFunctions.h
String indentation & prefixing
+ indentLines:
Indents each line in a given string with a tab character.
+ (id)indentLines:(NSString *)toIndent
Parameters
toIndent |
The function’s input parameter, the string being indented. |
|---|
Return Value
The result of performing the indentation.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts a single input parameter: an expression that will be evaluated as a string.
Expression usage
^indentLines($emailBody)
The expression above will interpret the emailBody
Mockingbird variable as
a string, and will then prefix each line of the result with a tab character.
The implementation attempts to be platform-agnostic with respect to the exact sequence of characters that signal line endings.
Declared In
MBMLStringFunctions.h
+ indentLinesToDepth:
Indents each line in a given string with a specific number of tab characters.
+ (id)indentLinesToDepth:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
The result of performing the indentation.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts two pipe-separated input parameters:
The string to indent, a string expression representing the string whose inidividual lines will be indented
The number of tabs, a numeric expression indicating the number of tabs that should be used to indent string to indent
Expression usage
^indentLinesToDepth($emailBody|2)
The expression above will interpret the emailBody
Mockingbird variable as
a string, and will then prefix each line of the result with two tab characters.
The implementation attempts to be platform-agnostic with respect to the exact sequence of characters that signal line endings.
Declared In
MBMLStringFunctions.h
+ prefixLinesWith:
Prefixes each line in a given string with another string.
+ (id)prefixLinesWith:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
The result of performing the prefixing.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts two pipe-separated input parameters:
The string to indent, a string expression representing the string being indented
The number of tabs, a numeric expression indicating the number of tabs that should be used to indent string to indent
Expression usage
^prefixLinesWith($emailBody|> )
The expression above will interpret the emailBody
Mockingbird variable as
a string, and will then prefix each line of the result with the text
“>
”.
The implementation attempts to be platform-agnostic with respect to the exact sequence of characters that signal line endings.
Declared In
MBMLStringFunctions.h
Pluralizing terms
+ pluralize:
Selects a properly pluralized form of a term based on a count of items.
+ (id)pluralize:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
The appropriate pluralization, based on the value of count.
Discussion
Pluralization allows multiple variants of a term to be supplied, and based on a count, the grammatically-correct form of term will be returned.
For example, if you are displaying a message to a user and you want to reference a number of discounts accrued by the user, you might want to construct a slightly different message based on the number of discounts:
- “
You have no discounts
” if there are0
discounts - “
You have one discount
” if there is1
discount - “
You have
number
discounts
” if there is more than1
discount (wherenumber
represents the exact value of count)
Sometimes, you might not need a zero-count form:
- “
Welcome to our application!
” if the user has launched your app only once - “
We're glad to have you back!
” if the user has launched your app more than once
When used with the zero-count form, this Mockingbird function accepts four pipe-separated input parameters:
- The count, a numeric expression indicating the number of items involved in the pluralization
- The zero-count term, a string expression representing the value to
be returned if count is
0
- The one-count term, a string expression representing the value to be
returned if count is
1
- The multiple-count term, a string expression representing the value to be
returned if count is greater than
1
The zero-count form can also be omitted, in which case this function accepts three pipe-separated input parameters:
- The count, a numeric expression indicating the number of items involved in the pluralization
- The one-count term, a string expression representing the value to be
returned if count is
1
- The not-one-count term, a string expression representing the value to be
returned if count is
0
or greater than1
Expression usage
Here’s an example of pluralization involving a zero-count form:
^pluralize($user.discounts.count
|You have no discounts
|You have one discount
|You have $user.discounts.count discounts)
If $user.discounts.count == 2
, the expression above would yield the string
“You have 2 discounts
”.
Pluralization without a zero-count form looks like:
^pluralize($launchCount
|Welcome to our application!
|We're glad to have you back!)
When $launchCount
is 1
, the expression above yields “Welcome to our
application!
” For any other value, “We're glad to have you back!
” is
returned.
Declared In
MBMLStringFunctions.h
Manipulating the case of characters in a string
+ lowercase:
Returns a version of the input string that contains only lowercase characters.
+ (id)lowercase:(NSString *)toTransform
Parameters
toTransform |
The function’s input parameter, the string whose case is to be changed. |
|---|
Return Value
The result of changing the input parameter’s case.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts a single input parameter: an expression yielding the string whose case is to be changed.
Expression usage
^lowercase(STOP SHOUTING! start whispering.)
The expression above returns the string “stop shouting! start whispering.
”.
Declared In
MBMLStringFunctions.h
+ uppercase:
Returns a version of the input string that contains only uppercase characters.
+ (id)uppercase:(NSString *)toTransform
Parameters
toTransform |
The function’s input parameter, the string whose case is to be changed. |
|---|
Return Value
The result of changing the input parameter’s case.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts a single input parameter: an expression yielding the string whose case is to be changed.
Expression usage
^uppercase(stop whispering. START SHOUTING!)
The expression above returns the string “STOP WHISPERING. START SHOUTING!
”.
Declared In
MBMLStringFunctions.h
+ titleCase:
Returns a title-case version of the input string.
+ (id)titleCase:(NSString *)toTransform
Parameters
toTransform |
The function’s input parameter, the string whose case is to be changed. |
|---|
Return Value
The result of changing the input parameter’s case.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts a single input parameter: an expression yielding the string whose case is to be changed.
Expression usage
^titleCase(e. e. cummings)
The expression above returns the string “E. E. Cummings
”.
Declared In
MBMLStringFunctions.h
+ titleCaseIfAllCaps:
Returns a title-case version of the input string if the letters in the input string are all capitals. If the input string contains any lowercase characters, the input string will be returned unchanged.
+ (id)titleCaseIfAllCaps:(NSString *)toTransform
Parameters
toTransform |
The function’s input parameter, the string whose case is to be changed. |
|---|
Return Value
The result of changing the input parameter’s case.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts a single input parameter: an expression yielding the string whose case is to be changed.
Expression usage
^titleCaseIfAllCaps(e. e. cummings)
The expression above returns the string “e. e. cummings
”.
^titleCaseIfAllCaps(E. E. CUMMINGS)
The expression above returns the string “E. E. Cummings
”.
Declared In
MBMLStringFunctions.h
Combining multiple field label/value pairs into a single string
+ concatenateFields:
Constructs a string by concatenating an arbitrary set of fields using a field separator.
+ (id)concatenateFields:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
The function result.
Discussion
Each field is comprised of two components: a field label and a field value.
For each field with a non-nil
value, the field label is added to the
string, followed by the field value. If multiple fields are provided,
the field separator is included between each field label/field value pair.
This Mockingbird function accepts two or more pipe-separated input parameters:
An optional field separator, a string expression specifying the separator to be used between each label/value pair added to the output string. If the field separator parameter is not explicitly specified, the separator string “
;
” (a semicolon followed by a space) is used.A field label, a string expression
A field value, a string expression
An optional set of additional label/value pairs.
Note that if the field separator parameter is specified, the function will always expect an odd number of parameters, whereas if the field separator is omitted, the function will always expect an even number of parameters.
Expression usage
Assume that $item.size
yields the string “42R
” and $item.color
yields
“navy blue
”
^concatenateFields(Size: |$item.size|Color: |^titleCase($item.size))
The expression above would return the string “Size: 42R; Color: Navy Blue
”.
Declared In
MBMLStringFunctions.h
String stripping & trimming
+ firstNonemptyString:
Given a set of expressions, returns the value of the first expression
that returns a non-nil
, non-empty string.
+ (id)firstNonemptyString:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
The function result.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts an arbitrary list of pipe-separated parameters, where each parameter is an expression that will be evaluated in the string context.
The function will return the value of the first expression that yields a
non-empty string. If there are no such values, nil
is returned.
Expression usage
Assume $firstName
is “Lon
” and $nickname
has no value:
^firstNonemptyString($nickname|$firstName|Valued Customer)
The expression above would yield the string “Lon
”.
If $firstName
were undefined, the return value would be “Valued Customer
”.
Declared In
MBMLStringFunctions.h
+ firstNonemptyTrimmedString:
Given a set of expressions, returns a trimmed version of the value of the
first expression that returns a non-nil
, non-empty string. Leading and
trailing whitespace is removed from the result before it is returned.
+ (id)firstNonemptyTrimmedString:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
The function result.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts an arbitrary list of pipe-separated parameters, where each parameter is an expression that will be evaluated in the string context.
The function will return the value of the first expression that yields a
non-empty string after whitespace trimming. If there are no such values,
nil
is returned.
Expression usage
Assume that the expression $user.salutation
yields nil
:
^firstNonemptyTrimmedString($user.salutation|Dear )
The expression above would yield the string “Dear
” (with no trailing space)
even though the second parameter consists of a string (“Dear
”)
containing a trailing space.
Declared In
MBMLStringFunctions.h
String truncation
+ truncate:
Truncates a string if it is longer than a given length, and appends a truncation marker if truncation has occurred.
+ (id)truncate:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
The function result.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts 2 or 3 pipe-separated input parameters:
The truncation length, a numeric expression. If input string’s length is greater than truncation length, input string will be shortened to exactly truncation length, and then the truncation marker will be appended.
An optional truncation marker, a string expression representing the string to append to the end of input string after truncation occurs. If this parameter is omitted, the ellipses character (
…
) will be used as the truncation string.The input string, an expression yielding the string to be truncated.
Note that the truncation marker is appended after the input string is truncated. As a result, the string returned by this function may be as long as truncation length plus the length of truncation marker.
Expression usage
^truncate(10|This is your chance!)
The expression above yields the string “This is yo…
”.
^truncate(5|!|Hello, Newman.)
The expression above results in “Hello!
”.
Declared In
MBMLStringFunctions.h
Handling numbers
+ parseNumber:
Attempts to parse a string into an NSNumber
instance containing an
arbitrary numeric value.
+ (id)parseNumber:(NSString *)toParse
Parameters
toParse |
The function’s input parameter, the string being parsed. |
|---|
Return Value
The result of parsing the input parameter.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts a single input parameter: an expression yielding the string to be parsed as a number.
Expression usage
Assume the variable $foo
contains the string “5
” and the variable
$bar
contains the string “25
”, the following expression:
^parseNumber(${foo}.${bar})
returns an NSNumber
containing the floating-point value 5.25
.
Declared In
MBMLStringFunctions.h
+ parseInteger:
Attempts to parse a string into an NSNumber
instance containing an
NSInteger
value.
+ (id)parseInteger:(NSString *)toParse
Parameters
toParse |
The function’s input parameter, the string being parsed. |
|---|
Return Value
The result of parsing the input parameter.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts a single input parameter: an expression yielding the string to be parsed as an integer.
Expression usage
Assume the variable $foo
contains the string “5
” and the variable
$bar
contains the string “25
”, the following expression:
^parseInteger(-${foo}.${bar})
returns an NSNumber
containing the value -5
.
Declared In
MBMLStringFunctions.h
+ parseDouble:
Attempts to parse a string into an NSNumber
instance containing a
double
value.
+ (id)parseDouble:(NSString *)toParse
Parameters
toParse |
The function’s input parameter, the string being parsed. |
|---|
Return Value
The result of parsing the input parameter.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts a single input parameter: an expression
yielding the string to be parsed as a double
.
Expression usage
Assume the variable $foo
contains the string “5
” and the variable
$bar
contains the string “25
”, the following expression:
^parseDouble(-${foo}.${bar})
returns an NSNumber
containing the value -5.25
.
Declared In
MBMLStringFunctions.h
+ formatInteger:
Formats a number as an integer string using a NSNumberFormatter
with a
numberStyle
of NSNumberFormatterDecimalStyle
.
+ (id)formatInteger:(NSNumber *)toFormat
Parameters
toFormat |
The function’s input parameter, the number being formatted. |
|---|
Return Value
The result of formatting the input parameter.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts a single input parameter: a numeric expression yielding the number to format as an integer string.
Expression usage
^formatInteger(11 / 2)
The expression above yields an NSString
containing the value “5
”.
Declared In
MBMLStringFunctions.h
Finding substrings
+ hasPrefix:
Determines if a string has a given prefix.
+ (id)hasPrefix:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
@YES
if string to test has the given prefix; @NO
otherwise.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts two parameters:
The string to test, a string expression that will be tested to see if it has the given prefix.
The prefix, a string expression yielding the prefix to test against string to test.
Expression usage
^hasPrefix($name|Coop)
The expression above evaluates to true
if string value of the expression
$name
begins with “Coop
”.
Declared In
MBMLStringFunctions.h
+ hasSuffix:
Determines if a string has a given suffix.
+ (id)hasSuffix:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
@YES
if string to test has the given suffix; @NO
otherwise.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts two input parameters:
The string to test, a string expression that will be tested to see if it has the given suffix.
The suffix, a string expression yielding the suffix to test against string to test.
Expression usage
^hasSuffix($dayOfWeek|day)
The expression above evaluates to true
if string value of the expression
$dayOfWeek
ends with “day
”.
Declared In
MBMLStringFunctions.h
+ containsString:
Determines if a string contains a given substring.
+ (id)containsString:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
An NSNumber
containing the boolean result.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts two input parameters:
The string to test, a string expression that will be tested to see if it contains the substring.
The substring, a string expression yielding the substring to be found within string to test.
Expression usage
^containsString($dayOfWeek|ues)
The Mockingbird expression above returns YES
if the string value of the
expression $dayOfWeek
contains the string “ues
”.
If $dayOfWeek
yields the string “Tuesday
”, the expression will return
YES
. For any other day of the week, the expression returns NO
.
Declared In
MBMLStringFunctions.h
+ rangeOfString:
Attempts to locate the first instance of a substring within another string.
+ (id)rangeOfString:(NSArray *)params
Parameters
params |
The function’s input parameters. |
|---|
Return Value
The range of substring within string to test.
Discussion
This Mockingbird function accepts two input parameters:
The string to test, a string expression that will be tested to see if it contains the substring.
The substring, a string expression yielding the substring to be found within string to test.
The function returns a two-element array containing NSNumber
s holding
the members of the NSRange
specifying the location of substring within
string to test.
The first element of the returned array will contain the value of the
NSRange
’s location
member. The location indicates the index of the first
character of substring found within string to test. If substring is
not found, the first element will contain a value equivalent to NSNotFound
.
The second element of the returned array contains the length
of the
NSRange
. If substring is found within string to test, this will be
the same as the length of substring. If substring is not found, this
value will be 0
.
Expression usage
^rangeOfString(Today is not your day.|not)
The expression above would return the array [9
, 3
].
Declared In
MBMLStringFunctions.h


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Table of Contents |
Next—Book Nine: Winter’s Heart
Glossary
A NOTE ON DATES IN THIS GLOSSARY.
The Toman Calendar (devised by Toma dur Ahmid) was adopted
approximately two centuries after the death of the last male Aes
Sedai, recording years After the Breaking of the World (AB). So
many records were destroyed in the Trolloc Wars that at their end
there was argument about the exact year under the old system. A new
calendar, proposed by Tiam of Gazar, celebrated freedom from the
Trolloc threat and recorded each year as a Free Year (FY). The
Gazaran Calendar gained wide acceptance within twenty years after
the Wars’ end. Artur Hawkwing attempted to establish a new
calendar based on the founding of his empire (FF, From the
Founding), but only historians now refer to it. After the death and
destruction of the War of the Hundred Years, a third calendar was
devised by Uren din Jubai Soaring Gull, a scholar of the Sea Folk,
and promulgated by the Panarch Farede of Tarabon. The Farede
Calendar, dating from the arbitrarily decided end of the War of the
Hundred Years and recording years of the New Era (NE), is currently
in use.
- armsmen:
- Soldiers who owe allegiance or fealty to a
particular lord or lady.
- Asha’man:
- (1) In the Old Tongue, “Guardian” or “Guardians,”
but always a guardian of justice and truth.
- (2) The name given,
both collectively and as a rank, to the men who have come to the
Black Tower, near Caemlyn in Andor, in order to learn to channel.
Their training concentrates on the ways in which the One Power can
be used as a weapon, and in another departure from the usages of
the White Tower, once they learn to seize saidin, the male
half of the Power, they are required to perform all chores and
labors with the Power. When newly enrolled, a man is termed a
Soldier; he wears a plain black coat with a high collar, in the
Andoran fashion. Being raised to Dedicated brings the right to wear
a silver pin, called the Sword, on the collar of his coat.
Promotion to Asha’man brings the right to wear a Dragon pin,
in gold and red enamel, on the collar opposite the Sword. Although
many women, including wives, flee when they learn that their men
actually can channel, a fair number of men at the Black Tower are
married, and they use a version of the Warder bond to create a link
with their wives. This same bond, altered to compel obedience, has
recently been used to bond captured Aes Sedai as well.
-
- Balwer, Sebban:
- Formerly Pedron Niall’s secretary, in public,
and secretly Niall’s spymaster. He aided Morgase’s escape
from the Seanchan in Amador for his own reasons, and now is
employed as secretary to Perrin t’Bashere Aybara and Faile ni
Bashere t’Aybara.
- Blood, the:
- Term used by the Seanchan to designate the nobility.
One can be raised to the Blood as well as born to it.
-
- Cha Faile:
- (1) In the Old Tongue, “the Falcon’s Talon.”
- (2) Name taken by the young Cairhienin and Tairens, attempted
followers of ji’e’toh, who have sworn fealty to
Faile ni Bashere t’Aybara. In secret, they act as her personal
scouts and spies.
- Companions, the:
- The elite military formation of Illian, currently
commanded by First Captain Demetre Marcolin. The Companions provide
a bodyguard for the King of Illian and guard key points around the
nation. Additionally, the Companions have traditionally been used
in battle to assault the enemy’s strongest positions, to
exploit weaknesses, and, if necessary, to cover the retreat of the
King. Unlike most other such elite formations, foreigners
(excepting Tairens, Altarans and Murandians) are not only welcome,
they can rise even to the highest rank, as can commoners, which
also is unusual. The uniform of the Companions consists of a green
coat, a breastplate worked with the Nine Bees of Illian, and a
conical helmet with a faceguard of steel bars. The First Captain
wears four rings of golden braid on the cuffs of his coat, and
three thin golden plumes on his helmet. The Second Captain wears
three rings of golden braid on each cuff, and three golden plumes
tipped with green. Lieutenants wear two yellow rings on their
cuffs, and two thin green plumes, under-lieutenants one yellow ring
and a single green plume. Bannermen are designated by two broken
rings of yellow on the cuffs and a single yellow plume, squadmen by
a single broken ring of yellow.
- Consolidation, the:
- When the armies sent by Artur Hawkwing under his son
Luthair landed in Seanchan, they discovered a shifting quilt of
nations often at war with one another, where Aes Sedai often
reigned. Without any equivalent of the White Tower, Aes Sedai
worked for their own individual power, using the Power. Forming
small groups, they schemed against one another constantly. In large
part it was this constant scheming for personal advantage and the
resulting wars among the myriad nations that allowed the armies
from east of the Aryth Ocean to begin the conquest of an entire
continent, and for their descendants to complete it. This conquest,
during which the descendants of the original armies became Seanchan
as much as they conquered Seanchan, took more than nine hundred
years and is called the Consolidation.
- Corenne:
- In the Old Tongue, “the Return.” The name given by the Seanchan
both to the fleet of thousands of ships and to the hundreds of
thousands of soldiers, craftsmen and others carried by those ships,
who will come behind the Forerunners to reclaim the lands stolen
from Artur Hawkwing’s descendants. See also
Forerunners.
-
- Daughters of Silence, the:
- During the history of the White Tower (over three
thousand years), various women who have been put out have been
unwilling to accept their fates and have tried to band together.
Such groups—most of them by far, at least—have been
dispersed by the White Tower as soon as found and punished severely
and publicly to make sure that the lesson is carried to everyone.
The last group to be dispersed called themselves the Daughters of
Silence (794-798 NE). The Daughters consisted of two Accepted who
had been put out of the Tower and twenty-three women they had
gathered and trained. All were carried back to Tar Valon and
punished, and the twenty-three were enrolled in the novice book.
Only one of those managed to reach the shawl. See also
Kin, the.
- da’covale:
- (1) In the Old Tongue, “one who is owned,” or
“person who is property.”
- (2) Among the Seanchan, the term often
used, along with property, for slaves. Slavery has a long and
unusual history among the Seanchan, with slaves having the ability
to rise to positions of great power and open authority, including
over those who are free. See also
so’jhin.
- Deathwatch Guards, the:
- The elite military formation of the Seanchan Empire,
including both humans and Ogier. The human members of the
Deathwatch Guard are all da’covale, born as property
and chosen while young to serve the Empress, whose personal
property they are. Fanatically loyal and fiercely proud, they often
display the ravens tattooed on their shoulders, the mark of a
da’covale of the Empress. The helmets and armor are
lacquered in dark green and blood-red, their shields are lacquered
black, and their spears and swords carry black tassels. See
also da’covale.
- Defenders of the Stone, the:
- The elite military formation of Tear. The current
Captain of the Stone (commander of the Defenders) is Rodrivar
Tihera. Only Tairens are accepted into the Defenders, and officers
are usually of noble birth, though often from minor Houses or minor
branches of strong Houses. The Defenders are tasked to hold the
great fortress called the Stone of Tear, in the city of Tear, to
defend the city, and to provide police services in place of any
City Watch or the like. Except in times of war, their duties seldom
take them far from the city. Then, as with other elite formations,
they are the core around which the army is formed. The uniform of
the Defenders consists of a black coat with padded sleeves striped
black-and-gold with black cuffs, a burnished breastplate, and a
rimmed helmet with a faceguard of steel bars. The Captain of the
Stone wears three short white plumes on his helmet, and on the
cuffs of his coat three intertwined golden braids on a white band.
 Bannermen have gold-colored cuffs on their
coats, and squadmen have cuffs striped black-and-gold.
- Delving:
- (1) The ability to use the One Power to diagnose
physical condition and illness.
- (2) The ability to find deposits of
metal ores with the One Power. That this has long been a lost
ability among Aes Sedai may account for the name becoming attached
to another ability.
- der’morat-:
- (1) In the Old Tongue, “master handler.”
- (2) Among
the Seanchan, the suffix applied to indicate a senior and highly
skilled handler of one of the exotics, one who trains others, as in
der’morat’raken. Der’morat can
have a fairly high social status, the highest of all held by
der’sul’dam, the trainers of
sul’dam, who rank with fairly high military officers.
See also morat-.
-
- Fain, Padan:
- Former Darkfriend, now more and worse than a
Darkfriend, and an enemy of the Forsaken as much as he is of Rand
al’Thor, whom he hates with a passion. Last seen using the
name Jeraal Mordeth, advising Lord Toram Riatin in his rebellion
against the Dragon Reborn in Cairhien.
- Fists of Heaven, the:
- Lightly armed and lightly armored Seanchan infantry
carried into battle on the backs of the flying creatures called
to’raken. All are small men, or women, largely
because of limits as to how much weight a to’raken
can carry for any distance. Considered to be among the toughest
soldiers, they are used primarily for raids, surprise assaults on
positions at an enemy’s rear, and where speed in getting
soldiers into place is of the essence.
- Forerunners, the:
- See Hailene.
- Forsaken, the:
- The name given to thirteen powerful Aes Sedai, men
and women both, who went over to the Shadow during the Age of
Legends and were trapped in the sealing of the Bore into the Dark
One’s prison. While it has long been believed that they alone
abandoned the Light during the War of the Shadow, in fact others
did as well; these thirteen were only the highest ranking among
them. The Forsaken (who call themselves the Chosen) are somewhat
reduced in number since their awakening in the present day. The
known survivors are Demandred, Semirhage, Graendal, Mesaana,
Moghedien, and two who were reincarnated in new bodies and given
new names, Osan’gar and Aran’gar. Recently, a man calling
himself Moridin has appeared, and may be yet another of the dead
Forsaken brought back from the grave by the Dark One. The same
possibility may exist regarding the woman calling herself Cyndane,
but since Aran’gar was a man brought back as a woman,
speculation as to the identities of Moridin and Cyndane may prove
futile until more is learned.
-
- Hailene:
- In the Old Tongue, “Forerunners,” or “Those Who Come
Before.” The term applied by the Seanchan to the massive
expeditionary force sent across the Aryth Ocean to scout out the
lands where Artur Hawkwing once ruled. Now under the command of the
High Lady Suroth, its numbers swollen by recruits from conquered
lands, the Hailene has gone far beyond its original goals.
- Hanlon, Daved:
- A Darkfriend, formerly commander of the White Lions
in service to the Forsaken Rahvin while he held Caemlyn using the
name Lord Gaebril. From there, Hanlon took the White Lions to
Cairhien under orders to further the rebellion against the Dragon
Reborn. The White Lions were destroyed by a “bubble of evil,” and
Hanlon has been ordered back to Caemlyn for purposes as yet
unknown.
-
- Ishara:
- The first Queen of Andor (circa FY 994-1020). At the
death of Artur Hawkwing, Ishara convinced her husband, one of
Hawkwing’s foremost generals, to raise the siege of Tar Valon
and accompany her to Caemlyn with as many soldiers as he could
break away from the army. Where others tried to seize the whole of
Hawkwing’s empire and failed, Ishara took a firm hold on a
small part and succeeded. Today, nearly every noble House in Andor
contains some of Ishara’s blood, and the right to claim the
Lion Throne depends both on direct descent from her and on the
number of lines of connection to her that can be established.
-
- Kin, the:
- Even during the Trolloc Wars, more than two thousand
years ago (circa 1000—1350 AB), the White Tower continued to
maintain its standards, putting out women who failed to measure up.
One group of these women, fearing to return home in the midst of
the wars, fled to Barashta (near the present-day site of Ebou Dar),
as far from the fighting as was possible to go at that time.
Calling themselves the Kin, and Kinswomen, they kept in hiding and
offered a safe haven for others who had been put out. In time,
their approaches to women told to leave the Tower led to contacts
with runaways, and while the exact reasons may never be known, the
Kin began to accept runaways, as well. They made great efforts to
keep these girls from learning anything about the Kin until they
were sure that Aes Sedai would not swoop down and retake them.
After all, everyone knew that runaways were always caught sooner or
later, and the Kin knew that unless they held themselves secret,
they themselves would be punished severely.
- Unknown to the Kin, Aes Sedai in the Tower were
aware of their existence almost from the very first, but
prosecution of the wars left no time for dealing with them. By the
end of the wars, the Tower realized that it might not be in their
best interests to snuff out the Kin. Prior to that time, a majority
of runaways actually had managed to escape, whatever the
Tower’s propaganda, but once the Kin began helping them, the
Tower knew exactly where any runaway was heading, and they began
retaking nine out of ten. Since Kinswomen moved in and out of
Barashta (and later Ebou Dar) in an effort to hide their existence
and their numbers, never staying more than ten years lest someone
notice that they did not age at a normal speed, the Tower believed
they were few, and they certainly were keeping themselves low. In
order to use the Kin as a trap for runaways, the Tower decided to
leave them alone, unlike any other similar group in history, and to
keep the very existence of the Kin a secret known only to full Aes
Sedai.
- The Kin do not have laws, but rather rules based in
part on the rules for novices and Accepted in the White Tower, and
in part on the necessity of maintaining secrecy. As might be
expected given the origins of the Kin, they maintain their rules
very firmly on all of their members.
- Recent open contacts between Aes Sedai and
Kinswomen, while known only to a handful of sisters, have produced
a number of shocks, including the facts that there are twice as
many Kinswomen as Aes Sedai and that some are more than a hundred
years older than any Aes Sedai has lived since before the Trolloc
Wars. The effect of these revelations, both on Aes Sedai and on
Kinswomen, is as yet a matter for speculation. See also
Daughters of Silence, the; Knitting Circle, the.
- Knitting Circle, the:
- The leaders of the Kin. Since no member of the Kin
has ever known how Aes Sedai arrange their own hierarchy—knowledge passed on only when an Accepted has passed her test for
the shawl—they put no store in strength in the Power but
give great weight to age, with the older woman always standing
above the younger. The Knitting Circle (a title chosen, like the
Kin, because it is innocuous) thus consists of the thirteen oldest
Kinswomen resident in Ebou Dar, with the oldest given the title of
Eldest. By the rules, all will have to step down when it is time
for them to move on, but so long as they are resident in Ebou Dar,
they have supreme authority over the Kin, to a degree that any
Amyrlin Seat would envy. See also Kin, the.
-
- Lance-Captain:
- In most lands, noblewomen do not personally lead
their armsmen into battle under normal circumstances. Instead, they
hire a professional soldier, almost always a commoner, who is
responsible both for training and leading their armsmen. Depending
on the land, this man can be called a Lance-Captain, Sword-Captain,
Master of the Horse, or Master of the Lances. Rumors of closer
relationships than Lady and servant often spring up, perhaps
inevitably. Sometimes they are true.
- Legion of the Dragon, the:
- A large military formation, all infantry, giving
allegiance to the Dragon Reborn, trained by Davram Bashere along
lines worked out by himself and Mat Cauthon, lines which depart
sharply from the usual employment of foot. While many men simply
walk in to volunteer, large numbers of the Legion are scooped up by
recruiting parties from the Black Tower, who first gather all of
the men in an area who were willing to follow the Dragon Reborn,
and only after taking them through gateways to near Caemlyn winnow
out those who can be taught to channel. The remainder, by far the
greater number, are sent to Bashere’s training camps.
-
- marath’damane:
- In the Old Tongue, “those who must be leashed,” and
also “one who must be leashed.” The term applied by the Seanchan to
any woman capable of channeling who has not been collared as a
damane.
- Master of the Lances:
- See Lance-Captain.
- Master of the Horse:
- See Lance-Captain.
- Mera’din:
- In the Old Tongue, “the Brotherless.” The name
adopted, as a society, by those Aiel who abandoned clan and sept
and went to the Shaido because they could not accept Rand
al’Thor, a wetlander, as the Car’a’carn, or
because they refused to accept his revelations concerning the
history and origins of the Aiel. Deserting clan and sept for any
reason is anathema among the Aiel, therefore their own warrior
societies among the Shaido were unwilling to take them in, and they
formed this society, the Brotherless.
- morat-:
- In the Old Tongue, “handler.” Among the Seanchan, it
is used for those who handle exotics, such as
Morat’raken, a raken handler or rider, also
informally called a flier. See also der’morat-.
-
- Prophet, the:
- More formally, the Prophet of the Lord Dragon. Once
known as Masema Dagar, a Shienaran soldier, he underwent a
revelation and decided that he had been called to spread the word
of the Dragon’s Rebirth. He believes that nothing—nothing!—is more important than acknowledging the Dragon
Reborn as the Light made flesh and being ready when the Dragon
Reborn calls, and he and his followers will use any means to force
others to sing the glories of the Dragon Reborn. Forsaking any name
but “the Prophet,” he has brought chaos to much of Ghealdan and
Amadicia, large parts of which he controls.
-
- Return, the:
- See Corenne.
-
- Sea Folk hierarchy:
- The Atha’an Miere, the Sea Folk, are ruled by
the Mistress of the Ships to the Atha’an Miere. She is
assisted by the Windfinder to the Mistress of the Ships, and by the
Master of the Blades. Below this come the clan Wavemistresses, each
assisted by her Windfinder and her Swordmaster. Below her are the
Sailmistresses (ship captains) of her clan, each assisted by her
Windfinder and her Cargomaster. The Windfinder to the Mistress of
the Ships has authority over all Windfinders to clan
Wavemistresses, who in turn have authority over all the Windfinders
of her clan. Likewise, the Master of the Blades has authority over
all Swordmasters, and they in turn over the Cargomasters of their
clans. Rank is not hereditary among the Sea Folk. The Mistress of
the Ships is chosen, for life, by the First Twelve of the
Atha’an Miere, the twelve most senior clan Wavemistresses. A
clan Wavemistress is elected by the twelve seniormost
Sailmistresses of her clan, called simply the First Twelve, a term
which is also used to designate the senior Sailmistresses present
anywhere. She can also be removed by a vote of those same First
Twelve. In fact, anyone other than the Mistress of the Ships can be
demoted, even all the way down to deckhand, for malfeasance,
cowardice or other crimes. Also, the Windfinder to a Wavemistress
or Mistress of the Ship who dies will, of necessity, have to serve
a lower ranking woman, and her own rank thus decreases. The
Windfinder to the Mistress of the Ships has authority over all
Windfinders, and the Windfinder to a clan Wavemistress authority
over all Windfinders of her clan. Likewise, the Master of the
Blades has authority over all Swordmasters and Cargomasters, and a
Swordmaster over the Cargomasters of his clan.
- sei’mosiev:
- In the Old Tongue, “lowered eyes,” or “downcast
eyes.” Among the Seanchan, to say that one has “become
sei’mosiev” means that one has “lost face.” See
also sei’taer.
- sei’taer:
- In the Old Tongue, “straight eyes,” or “level eyes.”
Among the Seanchan, it refers to honor or face, to the ability to
meet someone’s eyes. It is possible to “be” or “have”
sei’taer, meaning that one has honor and face, and also to
“gain” or “lose” sei’taer. See also
sei’mosiev.
- Shen an Calhar:
- In the Old Tongue, “the Band of the Red Hand.”
- (1) A
legendary group of heroes who had many exploits, finally dying in
the defense of Manetheren when that land was destroyed during the
Trolloc Wars.
- (2) A military formation put together almost by
accident by Mat Cauthon and organized along the lines of military
forces during what is considered the height of the military arts,
the days of Artur Hawkwing and the centuries immediately
preceding.
- so’jhin:
- The closest translation from the Old Tongue would be
“a height among lowness,” though some translate it as meaning “both
sky and valley” among several other possibilities.
So’jhin is the term applied by the Seanchan to
hereditary upper servants. They are da’covale,
property, yet occupy positions of considerable authority and often
power. Even the Blood step carefully around so’jhin
of the Imperial family, and speak to so’jhin of the
Empress herself as to equals. See also Blood, the;
da’covale.
- Sword-Captain:
- See Lance-Captain.
-
- Wise Woman:
- Honorific used in Ebou Dar for women famed for their
incredible abilities at healing almost any injury. A Wise Woman is
traditionally marked by a red belt. While some have noted that
many, indeed most, Ebou Dari Wise Women were not even from Altara,
much less Ebou Dar, what was not known until recently, and still is
known only to a few, is that all Wise Women are in fact Kinswomen
and use various versions of Healing, giving out herbs and poultices
only as a cover. With the flight of the Kin from Ebou Dar after the
Seanchan took the city, no Wise Women remain there. See
also Kin, the.
previous |
Table of Contents |
Next—Book Nine: Winter’s Heart


?6
7
8
9
10
the
New
York
copyright
reserved
Botanical
Garden
Now
York
____
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yoi^s
BOTANICAL
GARC
The
New
York
Botanical
Garden
Cajanus
cajan
(L.)
Huth
det.
M.
Nee,
2011
PLANTS
OF
THE
DOMINICAN
REPUBLIC
Cajanus
indicus
Spreng.
Shrub
to
3
m;
flowers
red
and
yellow;
Evergreen
woodland
and
borrow
pit,
ca
25
km
SW
Puerto
Plata,
side
road
off
road
to
Imbert.
Province
of
Puerto
Plata
coll
D.
Burch
2373
det
D.
Burch
24
April
1970
1616196
Legend -
Level of confidence that token is an accurately-transcribed word
extremely low
very low
low
undetermined
medium
high
very high


"We have always found the Irish a bit odd. They refuse to be English."
Recently I came upon this article called the truth about political correctness . It is a rebuttal to a piece published in the Atlantic titled "That’s Not Funny: Today’s College Students Can’t Take a Joke". It appears that the Atlantic article took a position that political correctness is destroying humor, college campuses and among other things the entire civilization.
To be honest, as an idle fellow, with nothing better to do, I quite enjoy this kind of journalistic banter amongst two competing publications.  This obviously causes a flutter in the opposing camp who think that indiscriminate use of freedom is unjust and leads to oppression. As it historically has.
When it comes to politics and societal issues I hardly know anything. On the whole I am quite oblivious on the subjects of such nature. I mean if I contest for an election to some high post and I am asked to make a speech to the crowd I wouldn't know what to say. I'd probably just walk to the people, shake their hands and ask them about their day. Then I'd proceed to have lunch with them and end the day with some good country music. Needless to say if I ever contested I'd be pummelled by my opponents who know more about public speaking and "influencing people" than I do.
But nevertheless when it comes to a point that an entire civilization maybe destroyed by the inability of a person to make crude jokes I get a tad bit intrigued and try to read as many varied opinions on the subject as possible.
One such varied opinion on the matter is made by the author. Her article begins with a powerful quote that accuses people who take offence at being compelled to be politically correct all the time as the preservers of status quo. Needless to say I was quite impressed by the opening and decided to read the entire piece to understand the author's reasoning for making statement like this and how she goes on to produce arguments that support her claim.
She starts with a bit of a back story. I like back-stories. They add a lot of mystery and intrigue to the narrative. It seems that the author was once a slam poet. Her word pieces were centered on her transgender identity. She submitted her works to some college campuses and was pleased to learn that they offered her a chance to perform on stage.
But when the other colleges came to know about the author's transgender identity they threatened to boycott the conference. The organizers tried to make the best of a difficult situation and allowed to author to perform on stage as long as she didn't speak about the transgender issues.
That made her sad
It's been 11 years since that incident. Tables have turned. Now she is regularly invited on college campuses to speak about transgender issues and the people who make crass jokes are denied entry.
This makes her happy.
In her joyous state she goes on to establish a pattern between the two incidents and comes to the conclusion that over the course of years the audience has been educated and become sensitive to issues faced by the transgender people. They don't find any amusement in words that mock or disrespect their identity and perspective.
She further concludes that these alarmist "political correctness run amok" articles are disingenuous. We must acknowledge that a society makes a judgment on what language and ideas are acceptable and what language and ideas are unacceptable. We must speak the words and voice the ideas that are acceptable and refrain from speaking the words and voicing the ideas which are unacceptable.
By the time I reached this point it occurred to me that the thoughts written had such broad scope and they carried such weight that unless I arranged them in my mind I'd loose track of what was being said. Therefore I decided to summarize the article up to that point. Here it goes:-
"But then what about free speech?"
It seems she has an answer to that as well.  Yes it exists. No one is denying that. But then there is political correctness. Because the status quo is always evolving and "The proverbial line in the sand that determines which words or ideas are acceptable within civil discourse and which ones are deemed to be beyond the pale is constantly shifting over time."
"It’s just that many people no longer find those jokes funny"
I am starting to get a bit confused here. Should jokes be made politically correct because the audience does not find them funny anymore? Or should they be made politically correct because it is the right thing to do?
There is quite a bit of difference between the two. For the former there is no way that the author can speak for all kinds of audiences. There may or may not be a healthy amount of people who find politically incorrect jokes funny. The only way to find out would be by doing a through research. But since no such research was cited I ask myself "did the author just put in those words to make it sound convincing?" If that is the case then I'd also like to make a statement:-
People are tired of all these lame politically correct jokes.
For the latter case, that is the politically incorrect jokes shouldn't be made because they are wrong then one needs to ask oneself wrong in what sense? The author conveniently refers to the judgment of society. But then wasn't it the same society that was unjust to author in the first place? And if that be the case would it be prudent to put your faith in social justice where new ideas come and go every decade? I'd have conceded if the point was being made for individual behaviour altering power of the society but for justice and as an instrument of judgment? No. Mass opinion that sometimes shifts one way and sometimes the other? Yes.
"Comedy that “punches down” is simply going out of vogue."
While I might agree that the comics the author is talking about don't sound funny when they "punch down" the assertion that politically incorrect jokes are going out of vogue is not true. Just watch an episode of archer and try to count all the "politically incorrect", double meaning, sexist, racial jokes that are made in a single scene. Then research a bit on archer's success as a comedy show and see if you can add an exception to the point made above.
And given the fact that archer is a massively successful politically incorrect TV show can we not say that the argument that society is a dictator of behaviour is only true in a public setting.  Which makes me wonder has the social movement that the author alludes to has made any lasting change at all? Have the people really changed in 11 years from 2004 to 2015 or are they just now more afraid to laugh at the crude jokes in the open? Just like the college organizers were afraid to let the author speak her mind lest they be boycotted by other colleges?
"I have written extensively about how policing language can sometimes make spaces less safe, not more"
Aha! it seems that the author has given some thought to the other side of the coin as well. But I'm afraid that it's just classic good cop bad cop. Now that the author has run out of criticism she shows a bit of love for us "politically incorrect" goons by saying that excessive policing can actually be bad for us. She gives us a little pat on the head with a look of pity in her eyes and says there there it's not that bad. I know how you feel. I've been there. According to her we most definitely need to be "politically correct" but only in the right amount.
"Hey could you tell me what quantity of 'political correctness' would be appropriate"?
Since the author never came round to it I'm just going to make an assumption (I hope she does not hold it against me). I think that in general for a tolerant and respectable member of society a 100 gram of crude jokes would go well with 1kg of political correctness. Though the actual quantity may vary from a person to person. You can never be sure about these things, can you?
" I would love to engage in thoughtful conversations about this phenomenon"
I've thought long and hard about article and I've come to the conclusion.... well actually no I've not come to a conclusion. But I'm breathing hard due to the flurry of thoughts that are racing through my mind. One of the more rebellious one among them says that this article is just as hypocritical as the one it tries to refute.  I suppose rational thought is thrown out of the window the moment one adopts societal opinion as any kind of measurement for what is right or wrong. Status quo may change and the proverbial line in the sand may be constantly shifting in time but one would expect the moral ideals of right and wrong to remain constant.
One who seeks equity must do equity. One who expects tolerance must be tolerant. But I don't know... I'm hardly an expert on the matter.
-Akshat Jiwan Sharma