In 1985, some MIT professors wrote Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs, known informally as "SICP" or "the Wizard Book".
This textbook was used for the introductory computer science course at MIT and UC Berkeley for decades.
An e-book edition is available for free and licensed under Creative Commons BY-SA.
My lecturer remarked (I'm paraphrasing) that, to this day, it covers the entire discipline of computer science, aside from implementation details.
It uses basic, but very elegant and powerful, concepts to explain a wide variety of topics in programming.
These concepts are expressed in the language Scheme, a dialect of Lisp.
“A computational process is indeed much like a sorcerer's idea of a spirit. It cannot be seen or touched. It is not composed of matter at all. However, it is very real. It can perform intellectual work. It can answer questions. It can affect the world...
“The programs we use to conjure processes are like a sorcerer's spells. They are carefully composed from symbolic expressions in arcane and esoteric programming languages that prescribe the tasks we want our processes to perform.”
—SICP, Chapter 1
A central theme of the book: code is data.
“It is no exaggeration to regard this as the most fundamental idea in programming: The evaluator, which determines the meaning of expressions in a programming language, is just another program.”
—SICP, Chapter 4
To illustrate this idea, the book spends a chapter implementing a Scheme interpreter in Scheme.
Let's do something similar: build an abstract programming tool out of more basic, but elegant, abstractions.
I was inspired by something that the faculty at Berkeley had added on to the course material: a library of macros that extended Scheme with object-oriented features.
Let's make our own classes.
I was also inspired by Matt Bowen's talk on abstraction layers.
Whereas Matt delved through multiple layers, I want to take a microscope to a single abstraction.
You might think of classes as magic: something that the programming language has to provide to us as a feature.
Well...
You're right. Classes are magic.
...and WE are the wizards!
An object has
Uses objects with the properties of:
Many languages don't model classes as objects.
Many programmers use "object" and "instance" interchangeably.
For that matter, many programmers use "instantiate" and "construct" interchangeably.
However, classes-as-objects isn't just an academic concept.
This is very relevant if you use any of the metaprogramming features in Python or in Ruby.
Before OOP became a buzzword, the Wizard Book used the term "data abstraction" to describe almost the same concept as encapsulation.
def make_rectangle(length, width):
return {'length': length, 'width': width}
def get_perimeter(rectangle):
return 2 * (rectangle['length'] + rectangle['width'])
def get_area(rectangle):
return rectangle['length'] * rectangle['width']
my_rectangle = make_rectangle(3, 5)
print('Perimeter is:', get_perimeter(my_rectangle))
print('Area is:', get_area(my_rectangle))
If you do it right, you can swap out the functions' private behavior and everything that uses them will work the same.
def make_rectangle(length, width):
return {'olinguito': length, 'keeshond': width}
def get_perimeter(rectangle):
return 2 * (rectangle['olinguito'] + rectangle['keeshond'])
def get_area(rectangle):
return rectangle['olinguito'] * rectangle['keeshond']
my_rectangle = make_rectangle(3, 5)
print('Perimeter is:', get_perimeter(my_rectangle))
print('Area is:', get_area(my_rectangle))
def square(x):
return x * x
def apply_twice_and_print(function, argument):
result = function(argument)
result = function(result)
print(result)
apply_twice_and_print(square, 4)
A more realistic example: callbacks.
$("button").click(function() {
$.ajax({
url: "http://example.com/my-service",
success: function(result, status, xhr) {
var formatted = formatResult(result);
$("#display").html(formatted);
},
error: function(xhr, status, error) {
$("#display").html(sadFace);
alert(error );
}
});
});
Data abstractions + First-class functions = Power
The message passing pattern gives us a way to bundle up both state and multiple kinds of behavior in a single first-class value.
def make_rectangle(length, width):
def receive_message(message):
if message == 'get_perimeter':
return 2 * (length + width)
if message == 'get_area':
return length * width
else: raise
return receive_message
def get_perimeter(rectangle):
return rectangle('get_perimeter')
def get_area(rectangle):
return rectangle('get_area')
small_rectangle = make_rectangle(3, 5)
big_rectangle = make_rectangle(30, 50)
print(get_area(small_rectangle), get_area(big_rectangle))
Note that the calculation logic has moved from the "get" functions to the object itself.
Message passing isn't the kind of design pattern you use in everyday coding, but it's really what happens under the covers of your favorite OOP language.
In fact, you don't generally write your own message-passing functions because OOP represents it so elegantly that you don't think about it.
No one go downstairs and check in code that looks like this.
public void processArticle(String message, Article article) {
if ("ingest".equals(message)) {
// ...
} else if ("render".equals(message)) {
// ...
} else if ("delete".equals(message)) {
// ...
}
}
It will not pass code review.
Message passing gives us encapsulation: data is bundled with behavior.
Message passing gives us polymorphism: you can create different types of object that recognize common messages.
We're two thirds of the way there!
| Language | First-class functions? | Lambdas? | Closures? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Python, Ruby, JavaScript | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| C | Sort of | No | No |
| Java | Fakes it pretty well | Yes, in Java 8! |
Fakes it awkwardly |
In Java, what you see is this:
public long getCount(final String name) {
return hibernateTemplate.execute(new HibernateCallback<Long>() {
@Override public Long doInHibernate(Session session) throws HibernateException, SQLException {
Query query = session.createQuery("select count(*) from Thing where name=:name");
query.setParameter("name", name);
return (Long) query.uniqueResult();
}
});
}
What it's actually doing is this:
public long getCount(final String name) {
return hibernateTemplate.execute(new InvisibleAnonymousClass(name));
}
private class InvisibleAnonymousClass implements HibernateCallback<Long> {
private final String name;
private InvisibleAnonymousClass(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override public Long doInHibernate(Session session) throws HibernateException, SQLException {
Query query = session.createQuery("select count(*) from Thing where name=:name");
query.setParameter("name", name);
return (Long) query.uniqueResult();
}
}
Java forces you to declare name
as final
because you can't see
when it is passed to
the invisible constructor.
More near-synonyms that are (ab)used interchangeably.
def square(x):
return x * x
map(square, # First-class, but not anonymous
[1, 2, 3])
map((lambda x: x * x), # Anonymous
[1, 2, 3])
Obviously it would defeat the purpose to use Ruby's object-oriented features to implement object-oriented programming.
But there will be a few exceptions...
I get to call the call
method on a first-class function.
Ruby's syntax doesn't otherwise make it possible to distinguish between referring to a lambda-defined function and calling it.
I get to use primitive types and basic data structures (Array
and Hash
), including
calling their methods.
And a few more caveats while I'm at it...
It will be a little more verbose than native classes.
Pretty syntax is a perk of having the language define classes for you.
Performance doesn't count.
Also, no type-safety, error-handling, built-in methods, instance-of operator, overloading, or constructors.
View these slides at
http://rskonnord-plos.github.io/wizard-class/
Check out the code at
https://github.com/rskonnord-plos/wizard-class
These slides use reveal.js.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.


households.behavior.inheritance¶
Determines how property is transmitted and where heirs live.
This module models defines the events that occur when a Person dies. While different types of InheritanceRules can be defined, most will use a combination of functions (defined here and custom) to determine whether there is property that can be inherited, determine the heirs of that property, and enact any required residency changes.
The foundational InheritanceRule accomplishes this through three functions, while the more advanced InheritanceRuleComplex accomplishes this with five. The customizability of the latter is useful for articulating exactly how Houses should be transmitted and occupied.
A planned expansion is to have inheritance rules closely tied to (and likely containing) the AgeTable for dying, such that populations with different mortality rates can be associated easily with different inheritance regimes.
-
class
behavior.inheritance.
InheritanceRule
(has_property, rule, failure)¶ Define inheritance of property after death.
Inheritance is carried out upon the death of an individual by that individual. Thus an InheritanceRule as a callable can only take one argument, the person who died. In doing so, it will call three other functions:
- has_property, to determine whether the individual has transmissable
property;
- rule, which both carries out the property transmission and moves the
ownership of the property as well as any people;
- failure, which is called only if an heir cannot be found or an
inheritance cannot be negotiated (or fails for other reasons.)
Complications do not need to use this tripartite structure, but must be defined as subclasses in order to be recognized by the simulation as an inheritance rule.
Built in rules compatible with step 2, rule, are prefixed with simple_ in the module.
- has_propertycallable
Takes a Person. Returns True if the given person has property to give, else returns False.
- rulecallable
A function that takes 1 argument (a person) and determines how property will be inherited, and moves the property. It must return a bool of whether inheritance happened. The most generic form of an InheritanceRule.
- failurecallable
If inheritance fails, define what to do. Takes a Person, returns bool.
-
class
behavior.inheritance.
InheritanceRuleComplex
(has_property, find_heirs, limit_heirs, distribute_property, failure)¶ A class used for defining complex or multistage inheritance rules.
This function must assess whehter this person has property (houses) using a qualification (a function that returns true/false). If this person has property, then their heirs will be identified (using find_heirs). Heirs must be returned ranked, either as a list of person objects for single inheritance or as a list of lists of persons for multiple inheritance .Heirs will then be excluded based on limitations. Property is divided if it must be.
Functions within the inheritance package are named with a prefix that matches the parameter which they can fill.
- has_propertycallable
Takes a Person. Returns True if the given person has property to give, else returns False.
- find_heirscallable
Takes a Person. Returns a list of heirs, ranked in order, either as a list of Persons (single inheritance) or a list of lists of Persons (multiple inheritance).
- limit_heirscallable
Takes a list of heirs, or a list of lists of heirs. Determines eligibility to inherit of each Person. Removes all those who can’t. Returns a modified list.
- distribute_propertycallable
Takes the person whose property is to be divided, as well as a list of persons (or a list of lists of persons) and selects the first person or group. Distributes the property among the group or gives it all to one person. Returns True if this took place, False otherwise.
- failurecallable
If inheritance fails, define what to do. Takes a Person, returns bool.
-
behavior.inheritance.
distribute_property_to_first_heir_and_move_household
(person, heirs)¶ Give property to a single heir then move the heir’s household into the new house.
The old heir doesn’t have to give up their old house, they just can’t live there anymore. If they are inheriting multiple houses, they move to the last one
- personPerson
The Person who has died and whose property needs to be moved
- heirslist of Person, list of lists of Person, or Person
The Person(s) who will inherit and will become the owner of the property.
- bool
Whether property transfer happened.
-
behavior.inheritance.
failed_inheritance_no_owner
(person)¶ IF no one inherits, then the property defaults to no owner.
- personPerson
The person whose property must be changed to none
- bool
Successful?
-
behavior.inheritance.
find_heirs_brothers_sons_oldest_to_youngest
(person)¶ Return the sons of a Person’s brothers, ranked by age.
The ranking is both by brothers age and then by their children’s age.
Deprecated since version `find_heirs_brothers_sons_oldest_to_youngest`: derives from the original simulation, but find_heirs_siblings_children_oldest_to_youngest is the preferred. This function will eventually be replaced with a mapping to that function.
- personPerson
The Person whose property will be inherited.
- list of list of Person
The sons of a Person’s brother, grouped by brother, all sorted by age
-
behavior.inheritance.
find_heirs_children_oldest_to_youngest
(person, sex=None)¶ Return the children of a person as a list.
- personPerson
The Person whose property will be inherited.
- sexidentity.Sex or None
If Sex, only return children of that sex; if None return either
- list of Person
The children of a person
Note that this includes an age bias towards the oldest; this needs to be a strategy/variable.
This also includes an assumption that ownership is part of residency.
-
behavior.inheritance.
find_heirs_daughters_oldest_to_youngest
(person)¶ Return the daughters of a person as a list.
- personPerson
The Person whose property will be inherited.
- list of Person
The daughters of a person
Note that this includes an age bias towards the oldest; this needs to be a strategy/variable.
This also includes an assumption that ownership is part of residency.
-
behavior.inheritance.
find_heirs_multiple_constructor
(*args)¶ Generate a new find_heirs function out of multiple find_heirs functions.
Given a variable length list of find_heirs functions, a new find_heirs function is constructed by running each function sequentially and then returning the combined output of them in the order provided.
- *argscallable
All find_heirs or equivalent functions, to be combined.
- callable
returns a new function that takes person as an argument; this is the input to the actual InheritanceRuleComplex or equivalent class.
-
behavior.inheritance.
find_heirs_siblings_children_oldest_to_youngest
(person, sex=None)¶ Return the children of a Person’s siblings, ranked by age.
The ranking is both by brothers
- personPerson
The Person whose property will be inherited.
- sexidentity.Sex or None
If Sex, only return children of that sex; if None return either
- list of list of Person
The sons of a Person’s brother, grouped by brother, all sorted by age
-
behavior.inheritance.
find_heirs_sons_oldest_to_youngest
(person)¶ Return the sons of a person as a list.
- personPerson
The Person whose property will be inherited.
- list of Person
The sons of a person
Note that this includes an age bias towards the oldest; this needs to be a strategy/variable.
This also includes an assumption that ownership is part of residency.
-
behavior.inheritance.
has_property_houses
(person)¶ Check whether a person owns a house or houses.
- personPerson
Who to check for property
-
behavior.inheritance.
limit_heirs_by_age
(heirs, age_of_majority)¶ Limit heirs to those at or above an age of majority.
- heirslist of Person or list of list of Person
heirs, the return argument of find_heirs type functions
- age_of_majorityint
age heirs must be to qualify for inheritance
- new_heirslist of Person or list of list of Person
returns heirs with Persons who own property removed
-
behavior.inheritance.
limit_heirs_multiple_constructor
(*args)¶ Create a new limit_heirs function that iterates over other limit_heirs functions.
- *argscallables
Other limit_heirs functions to be iterated over in succession
- callable
Returns a new limit_heirs funcitons
-
behavior.inheritance.
limit_heirs_none
(heirs)¶ Impose no limits on heirs.
- heirslist of Person or list of list of Person
heirs, the return argument of find_heirs type functions
- heirslist of Person or list of list of Person
returns heirs, unmodified
-
behavior.inheritance.
limit_heirs_not_owners
(heirs)¶ Limit heirs to only have one house.
- heirslist of Person or list of list of Person
heirs, the return argument of find_heirs type functions
- new_heirslist of Person or list of list of Person
returns heirs with Persons who own property removed
-
behavior.inheritance.
simple_inherit_brothers_sons
(person, checkowner=True)¶ Give property to the second oldest son of a brother, ranked by age.
The second oldest son inherits, not the oldest, so that the oldest can inherit the brother’s property.
- personPerson
The Person whose property will be inherited.
- checkownerbool, optional
If True, do not let current owners inherit; if False, let them inherit any way.
- bool
True if inheritance took place.
-
behavior.inheritance.
simple_inherit_sons
(person, checkowner=True)¶ Give property to the sons of a person.
- personPerson
The Person whose property will be inherited.
- checkownerbool, optional
If True, do not let current owners inherit; if False, let them inherit any way.
- bool
True if inheritance took place, False otherwise.
Note that this includes an age bias towards the oldest; this needs to be a strategy/variable.
This also includes an assumption that ownership is part of residency.
-
behavior.inheritance.
simple_inherit_sons_then_brothers_sons
(person, checkowner=True)¶ Give property to sons and then brothers’ second sons.
Children inherit by age, oldest to youngest. For brothers, the second oldest son inherits, not the oldest, so that the oldest can inherit the brother’s property.
- personPerson
The Person whose property will be inherited.
- checkownerbool, optional
If True, do not let current owners inherit; if False, let them inherit any way.
- bool
True if inheritance took place.


South Carolina Bed and Breakfast
Association By-Laws
Includes Revisions made in 1993,
1994, 1995, 1997, 2001
Article I – Purpose
The South Carolina Bed & Breakfast Association
is a non-profit, voluntary organization of bed and breakfast owners representing
those Bed & Breakfasts, Inns, and B&B Homestays in the State of
South Carolina that are appropriately licensed. Through cooperative
effort, these innkeepers shall work closely with state and local governmental
agencies to promote tourism, and to assure high standards of safety and
service within the bed and breakfast hospitality industry. The Association
shall act as a public resource for state and local regulatory agencies
as they govern the growing B&B segment of the industry. The Association
will further act as a professional regulatory body for all members of the
Association.
The primary goals of the Association are to:
· Create greater recognition of Bed &
Breakfasts as preferred accommodations sources within the hospitality industry.
· Cultivate cooperation and communication
among Bed & Breakfasts through out South Carolina.
· Work within the industry to set standards
for the operation of Bed & Breakfasts.
· Serve as a resource center for Association
members.
· Serve as a liaison between the Association
membership and the State of South Carolina, State Legislature, State, County
and local agencies, and other organizations.
· Work to obtain reductions in operating
expenses, such as group purchasing, for Association members.
· Produce a newsletter, and other materials,
to share information among Association members.
· Produce and distribute an Association
Directory of members.
Article II – Membership
Section 1: Members
Any person(s): (1) Who owns and operates
a Bed & Breakfast enterprise within the State of South Carolina (hereinafter
referred to as an “innkeeper”) and who meets the standards for Full Membership
established in these By-Laws; or, (2) meets the standards for Associate
Membership established in these By-Laws, who follows the procedures for
applying and pays the appropriate dues, shall be eligible for membership
in the Association.
No applicant innkeeper shall be denied membership
or be otherwise discriminated against in any way because of his or her
race, religion, sex, martial status, sexual preference, age, national origin
or handicap. The Association shall comply in full the Revised Code
of South Carolina, “Law Against Discrimination,” and all corresponding
federal statues. Membership shall be held in the name of the Bed and Breakfast
or Inn (hereinafter referred to as “Inn” or “B&B”). Certain exceptions
to this definition are defined elsewhere in these By-Laws.
Section 2: Membership
shall be classified as follows:
a) Full Membership
Those B & Bs and RSO (Reservation Service
Organizations) that meet the criteria for Full Membership, have completed
and submitted all requested applications materials, and have currently
paid dues shall be granted Full Membership. These members shall:
1) Have voting rights (one per B&B);
2) Be listed in the SCBBA directories,
print and/or internet, of approved B&Bs and
Inns
3) Be entitled to use the Association Emblem within defined
guidelines;
4) Receive newsletters and other Association printed
matter;
5) Be entitled to member discounts, if applicable, at
Association sponsored conferences,
meetings and workshops;
6) Receive any available group health, property and business
liability insurance rates;
7) Be entitled to any group purchasing discount obtained
through the Association; and,
8) Be entitled to all such other benefits as may be provided
by the Association.
b) Associate Membership
Those B&Bs and other organizations and individuals
that qualify for Associate Membership, as hereinafter outlined, have completed
and submitted all requested application materials, and have currently paid
dues shall be granted Associate Membership. These members shall:
1) Be entitled to use the Association
(Associate Member) Emblem within defined
guidelines.
2) Receive newsletters and other
Association printed matter:
3) Be entitled to member discounts,
if applicable, at Association sponsored conferences,
meetings
and workshops:
4) Be entitled to all such other
benefits as may be provided for Associate Members by
The Association,
and,
5) Associate Members shall not have
voting rights within the Association.
c) Ex-Officio Membership
Recognizing the valuable contributions that
may be utilized to enhance the development
and range of services offered by the Association by such extension
of this special
membership level:
The Board of Directors may, at their discretion,
extend “ex-officio” membership status
to selected individuals. These members
may be invited to (1) participate in any meeting of the membership,
Board of Directors or Executive Committee as deemed appropriate by the
meeting chairperson, (2) assist in the work of the Association, (3) will
not have voting rights and (4) will not be assessed any dues or membership
fees.
Memberships shall be considered “pending” until
(a) all materials are submitted as requested, (b) and evaluative site visit
is conducted, as applicable, and (c) the Board of Directors approve such
memberships. It is expected that “pending members” shall become “full
members” within a period not to exceed six (6) months. Memberships
left pending by the applicant B&B, for a period of six (6) months or
more shall be denied, unless the applicant submits a written request for
approval by the Board of Directors prior to the six month period after
receipt of initial application.
Section 3: Membership
Meetings
a) Annual Meeting
An Annual Meeting of the membership shall be held
in either January or February of each year to discuss general Association
business, review annual reports, elect directors and officers for the upcoming
year, approve By-Law revisions, and approve the proposed budget and dues
for the year. Notice of the annual meeting starting date, place and
hour shall be delivered to the membership no earlier than sixty (60) days
prior to or no less than thirty (30) days prior to the annual meeting.
Each Full Member B&B shall be eligible to cast one vote or written
ballot at membership meetings. A quorum at an Annual Meeting shall
be the number of members present.
b) Special Meetings
Special Meetings of the membership may be called,
should the need arise, by the President, by order of the Board of Directors,
or by the Secretary upon the written request of not less than twenty-five
(25) members. At the direction of the persons calling the meeting
written notice of a special meeting shall be delivered to the membership
not less than fourteen (14) days prior to the meeting. A quorum for
Special Meetings shall be the number of members present.
Section 4: Dues
a) To provide funding for printing,
mailings, meetings, and other Association activities
throughout the year, the membership shall
pay annual dues as recommended by the Board of Directors, with the
assistance of the Association Treasurer. The proposed dues structure
for the upcoming year will be approved by the membership at the annual
meeting. Dues statements will be mailed by the Treasurer at least
sixty (60) days prior to the annual meeting. Dues are payable thirty
(30) days after the sttement date, but no later than the Annual Meeting.
Memberships are effective from Annual Meeting to Annual Meeting.
b) Should a member fail to pay the Association’s dues on time,
the Treasurer shall
contact that member for payment. Failing that, the member’s
name shall be given to
the President, who shall make further contact with the member for payment.
If
payment is not made within two weeks following contact by the President,
the member’s
name shall be removed from the roster of members in good standing and all
current
certificates of membership and SCBBA Emblems shall be surrendered by the
terminated
member.
Section 5: Complaints Against
Members
Three or more complaints against a member
inn, received from any source, in a twelve
month period concerning standards covered by Association membership shall
serve as
cause for review by the Board of Directors for possible action.
Section 6: Termination
In the event that a member no longer meets
the standards for membership, does not meet
its financial obligations to the Association, or otherwise is felt by a
majority of the
Board of Directors to be detrimental to or at odds with the purpose of
the Association,
such member may be removed from the roster of members in good standing
Memberships may also be terminated by written resignation of the member
at any time.
In either event any dues paid will not be refunded. Current certificates
of membership
and SCBBA Emblems will be surrendered by the terminated member.
A member being considered for termination of membership,
for reasons other than failure to submit dues, shall be given the opportunity
to appear in person before the Board of Directors before such determination
of termination is made. In the event the Board of Directors considers
such termination of a member, such member shall be notified of a meeting
date no less than sixty (60) days prior to such meeting. The member
being considered for termination shall make a written request to appear
at such meeting no less than thirty (30) days of the scheduled meeting
date. When feasible, a mutually agreed upon meeting date should be
scheduled, however, such meeting date will be set at the sole discretion
of the Board of Directors.
Article III – Board of Directors
Section 1: Nominations
There shall be a minimum of TEN (10) and a maximum
of NINETEEN (19) members of the Board of Directors of the association,
all of whom shall be elected at an Annual Membership Meeting and shall
be valid members of the Association. There shall be the officers
of the Board and up to FOURTEEN (14) directors, representing the official
state PRT districts. Each Director shall represent no more than 20
SCBBA members. Board membership is to be predominately filled by full member
“Bed and Breakfasts” innkeepers; therefore, no more than two (2) full member
“Historic Inn/Hotel” innkeepers may serve on the board at a time.
A Nominating committee selected from the Board of Directors shall present
a slate of nominees or officers and additional directors to the membership
at least (30) days prior to the annual meeting. Nominations may also
be made in writing to the Nominating Committee with the written agreement
of the nominee, qualifications for nomination and accompanied by signatures
of three members of the Association at least thirty (30) days prior to
the annual meeting.
Nominations will also be solicited from the general
membership via the Association newsletter or other general mailing to the
membership. No nominations will be accepted from the floor at the
Annual Meeting.
The Nominating Committee shall consider geographical
representation, population density, time for and interest in the governance
of the Association, and needed skills in choosing candidates for the slate
to be presented to the members.
All candidates shall be contacted by the Nominating
Committee and must signify, in writing, their willingness to serve before
the Nomination Slate is submitted to the membership.
Section 2: Elections
The membership shall elect a President,
1st Vice-President, 2nd Vice-President, Secretary,
Treasurer and additional directors to a maximum
of fourteen (14) on the proposed slate. Any director, either elected
or appointed, may be removed from the Board of Directors or office by a
two-thirds vote of the membership at an annual meeting or special meeting
called for this purpose. The outgoing President will be a member
of the Board of Directors for one year immediately following his or her
term of office.
Section 3: Term of Office
The term of office for directors and officers
shall be two (2) years. Directors shall serve on a staggered term
basis, with approximately one-half of the total number of directors being
elected annually, and may be re-elected for an addition tern or terms.
Officers shall serve concurrently and may not serve more that two consecutive
terms (total of four years) in any one officer position.
Vacancies for an unexpired term or unfilled positions
on the Board of Directors may be, but are not required to be, except in
the case of officers, filled by the Board of Directors as long as there
are no less than five current directors. In the event that the position
of an officer becomes vacant, an Association Member, preferably an existing
director, shall be elected by the Board of Directors at the next scheduled
quarterly meeting to fill the position until the next Annual Meeting election
of directors and officers.
Section 4: Meetings
Meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held
quarterly. These meetings are for the purpose of conducting business where
a vote of the general membership is not required. A quorum for a
Board meeting shall be 50% or more of the current number of directors and
officers.
A schedule of the quarterly meetings shall be
made available to the general membership in some appropriate form once
each year. No further notice is necessary unless the meeting schedule
changes.
Board meetings are open to the general membership.
Any Association Member may ask to be scheduled on the agenda at any board
meeting.
At open meetings of the Board, general Association
members may not participate unless a prior request to speak to a specific
agenda item has been received by the Secretary.
In no circumstance shall a general Association
member vote on any Board action.
Section 5: Voting
Each Director on the Board of Directors shall
have one vote. In the event of tie votes, the
President shall vote or abstain from voting as
needed to break the tie.
Section 6: Attendance
Each regional director and officer shall attend
all regular meetings of the Association. The reason for a planned
absence from any Board or general meeting must be submitted to the President
or the President’s designate before the beginning of each meeting.
The reason for an unplanned absence must be submitted no later than on
week after the missed meeting. The Executive Board will review the
reasons for absence and declare each absence either acceptable or unacceptable.
Section 7: Removal from Office
In addition to other provisions of the By-Laws
(Article III, Section 2), any officer or regional director may be removed
from office for any of the following causes:
a) Failure to attend, without
acceptable reason as determined by the Executive
Board, two (2)
consecutive regular of special Board meetings or assigned
committee meetings
within any twelve (12) month period. Removal for this
cause will be
effective when the Executive Board rules the second absence
unacceptable.
The Board of Directors will consider a resignation to have
been tendered
and accepted.
b) Failure to fulfill the responsibility
of the position as specified in the By-Laws.
Removal for this
cause must be determined by a 2/3 vote of the entire Board
of Directors.
c) Wrongdoing or misconduct in handling
Association affairs. Removal for this
cause must
be determined by a 2/3 vote of the entire Board of Directors
Any officer or regional representative who is
to be considered for removal due to causes identified in item b) or c)
of this Section shall be entitled to:
· Ten (10) days advance notice by mail
of the proposed removal. Such notice must state the meeting
time and place at which such removal is to be voted upon by the Board of
Directors.
· Appear before and be heard at the meeting
of the Board of Directors where removal is considered.
Article IV
Duties of the Officers and Regional Directors
Section 1: President
The President shall preside over all meetings
of the Association; shall have general and
active management of the affairs of the Association and shall see that
the provisions of
the annual budget and resolution voted
by the membership or Board of Directors are
carried out.
The President shall appoint members of standing
committees of the Board except the Executive Committee and the Nominating
Committee which is appointed by the Board of Directors.
Section 2: 1st Vice-President
The 1st Vice-President shall have the authority
and responsibilities of the President in the President’s absence.
It shall be the responsibility of this individual to attend all regular
meeting of the Association and to represent the Association throughout
the State, as the Associations’ business may require at the direction of
the President. This individual will be responsible for membership
of the association, both membership renewals and processing new member
applications. He/She is also responsible for By-Law revisions and
may be appointed as an ex-officio, voting member of those committees, as
deemed necessary by the President.
Section 3: 2nd Vice-President
The 2nd Vice-President shall have the authority
and responsibility for insuring the inspection policies of the Association
are followed and to recommend to the board any changes that are felt necessary.
It shall also be the responsibility of this individual to attend all regular
meeting of the Association and to represent the Association throughout
the state, as the Association’s business may require at the direction of
the President. He/She may be appointed as an ex-officio, voting member
of those committees as deemed necessary by the President.
Section 4: Secretary:
The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the
Board of Directors and shall record all true minutes of each meeting and
keep them in good order. Minutes of all meetings shall be available
for review by Association members with reasonable notice given for their
perusal. The Secretary shall also maintain membership roster with
the help of the membership Vice-President, and shall chair the Nominating
Committee which prepares the slate of nominees for the Annual Membership
Meeting. The Secretary shall write and mail all meeting notices and correspondence
from the board, and shall maintain all mailing lists. The secretary
shall be responsible for dissemination of the quarterly association newsletter
and general membership announcements. When possible, minutes or a
summary of Association Board meetings shall be included in any newsletter
sent to the general membership.
Section 5: Treasurer
The Treasurer shall have custody of all Association
funds and shall keep complete and accurate receipts and disbursement records,
as well as deposit all monies and other assets in the name of the Association,
using the services of a bank as designated by the Board of Directors.
The Treasurer shall provide all such records to the Association and shall
report the financial status of the Association to the Board of Directors
quarterly and to the membership at the Annual Meeting.
Each year prior to the Annual Meeting, the Treasurer
shall prepare an annual budget with the direction of the Board of Directors.
This budget shall include the annual dues figures for the following year
to be approved at the Annual Meeting. The Treasurer shall mail out
dues notices not later than November 1st for the following year.
A roster of members with paid up dues will be those members listed in the
annual directory and on the Association’s website.
Section 6: Regional Directors
Each regional director shall be responsible for
communications with the Association members in the representative’s designated
area. It is the responsibility of each Regional Director to disseminate
Association information to the designated Association members and to represent
their interests at meetings of the Board of Directors.
Specific job responsibilities shall be identified
in an Association document titled “Job Duties for a Regional Director.”
Article V - Committees
Section 1: Executive Committee
There shall be an Executive Committee which will
consist of the five officers of the Board of Directors as voting members
and which may include the immediate Past President as an ex-officio, non
–voting member. The Executive committee shall have, and exercise
in the intervals between meetings of the Board of Directors, all the powers
of the board which may lawfully be delegated in the management of the business
and affairs of the Association.
Three voting members of the Executive committee
shall constitute a quorum. It shall meet at the call of the President.
The Secretary of the Association, or in his/her absence, a secretary pro-tempored
chosen by the Executive Committee, shall keep a true record of all its
proceedings. Such records of these meetings shall always be received
and approved by the Board of Directors.
Section 2: Committee Appointments
& Minutes
The President of the Board shall appoint all committees,
except the Executive Committee, which is composed of the elected officers
and the Nominating Committee which is appointed by the Board of Directors.
Summary minutes of all committee meetings and work sessions shall be kept
for the record and filed with the Secretary within one (1) month of a given
committee meeting or work session.
Standing committees shall include one or more
directors and may include members of the Association who are not directors.
Section 3: Nominating Committee
The Secretary shall serve as the chairperson of
the Nominating Committee, which shall represent all geographical areas
in South Carolina. Two additional members of this committee shall
be selected from the Board of Directors each year. These members
should be selected at the prior Annual Meeting.
Article VI – Reports
Section 1: Fiscal Year
The fiscal year shall begin on the first
day of March and shall end on the last day of
February.
Section 2: Financial Report
A written Financial Report, based on the Treasurer’s
audited accounts, shall be presented to the membership at the Annual Meeting.
The indicated audit shall be conducted by three current directors prior
to the Annual Meeting.
Section 3: President’s Report
The president shall present an annual oral and
make available a written report to the membership reviewing the year ended
and make such forecast for the coming year as may seem reasonable.
Section 4: Annual Budget
A proposed annual budget shall be submitted to
the Board of Directors by the Treasurer at a meeting prior to the Annual
Meeting for action by the membership at the Annual Meeting. This
shall include proposed dues figures for the coming year.
Section 5: By-Laws Revision
Any proposed revision of the By-Laws shall also
be submitted to the Board of Directors by an ad hoc committee established
for this purpose sixty (60) days prior to the Annual Membership Meeting
for action by the members.
Section 6: Proposed Slate of Officers and
Directors
A proposed slate of officers and directors for
the coming year shall be presented by the Nominating Committee to the Board
of Directors sixty (60) days prior to the Annual Membership Meeting for
action by the members.
Article VII
Execution of Instruments
Section 1: Drafts, Checks and Orders
All drafts and checks shall be drawn on an Association
account by the Treasurer via an authorized Check Requisition Form signed
by the President prior to payment.
Section 2: Execution of Contracts
The President may execute any contract, conveyance
or other instrument on behalf of the Association with the prior approval
of the Board of Directors. Such approval may be in the form of an
approved budget item, a resolution voted approval at a membership meeting,
or other authority that lies within the provisions of these By-Laws
Section 3: Association Obligations and Loans
No one officer or agent of the Association
shall have the authority to obligate the
Association for more than $200 in excess of a
budget line item without prior approval of the Board of Directors.
No loans shall be made using Association funds
and no evidence of indebtedness shall be issued in its name unless authorized
by a vote of the membership as noted above. All obligations must
have approval of at least one director, one member of the board, and the
President.
Article VIII
By-Laws Amendments
Section 1: Amendment Process
These By-Laws may be amended or other By-Laws
adopted by the written approval of two-thirds of the members present at
the Annual Meeting, or by approval of two-thirds of the full membership
on a mail-in ballot at times other than the Annual Meeting.
Section 2: By-Laws
Committee
The 1st Vice-President will chair the ad-hoc By-Laws
Committee formed prior to the Annual Meeting each year. Written requests
for By-Laws revisions will be received by the Vice-President and the By-Laws
Committee who will consider revisions to be presented at the Annual Meeting.
Article IX
Distribution of Assets on Dissolution
No member, director or officer of the Association,
nor any private individual, shall be entitled to share in the distribution
of any of the assets of the Association upon dissolution of the Association.
Upon dissolution, all the remaining assets of
the Association shall be distributed by the Board of Directors for identical
uses and purposes to any other organization which would then qualify as
a similar non-profit hospitality association. Any such assets not
so disposed of, shall be disposed of by the Superior Court of the county
in which the principal office of the Association is then located to any
such organization which is operated as a non-profit hospitality association.
Article X
Idemnification of Directors and Officers
Each director or officer now or hereafter serving
the Association, and each person who at the request of or on behalf of
the Association is now serving or hereafter serves as trustee, director
or officer of any other association, whether for profit or not for profit,
shall be indemnified by the Association against expenses actually and necessarily
incurred by him/her in connection with the defense of any action, suit
or proceeding in which he/she is made a party by reason of being or having
been such director or officer.
Appendix A
These Appendices, SCBBA Full Membership Criteria
and Associate Membership Criteria are herein incorporated under the provisions
of these By-Laws.
Appendix B
Membership Application Procedure
1. Prospective members shall submit a written
application which includes:
a) A non-refundable application of twenty-five
dollars ($25.00) which shall be part of the Membership Dues submitted with
the application.
b) As appropriate and if requested, photocopies
of the B&B’s licenses and certificates.
c) Permission for an initial and annual evaluative
site visit, by virtue of submission of an application or renewal application,
for an SCBBA Site Visit Team.
d) Verification that B&B maintains appropriate
commercial insurance, including property and liability coverage, as lodging
property.
e) A photograph/s of B&B’s exterior (optional
interior photographs).
f) A line drawing/illustration of the B&B.
(optional).
g) Five (5) brochures and rate cards/sheets.
h) An up-to-date Data Form on file with the SCBBA.
2. On receipt of the application, the membership
chairperson shall advise the appointed Site Visit Team of the needed site
visit. This team shall, without delay, arrange a visit to the applicant’s
B&B. The inspection shall cover all standards for membership.
3. The application and report of findings from
the Site Visit Ream shall be reviewed and voted upon by the Board of Directors
with acceptance by a simple majority vote. The applicant shall be
notified of the findings of the site inspection and the result of the vote.
4. Membership Expired or Lapsed:
Memberships lapsed for one year or more will necessitate
reapplication and inspection, with all required fees payable at time of
application.
Articles I through III of this document prevail
upon acceptance of the application by the Association or its representatives.
5. Membership Transfer/Extension:
In order for a member Inn to be eligible for membership
transfer or extension in the event of sale of the property:
a) Property must closes in the first six months
of the SCBBA fiscal year. After that, new membership rules apply.
b) Member inn must notify Association President
and/or the Association Board of Directors of sale and closing date.
c) Association President or Board of Directors
will submit letter defining criteria and rules for transfer to be presented
to new owner at or shortly after the time of sale.
d) All dues paid by original owner shall be considered
payment for the fiscal year.
e) New owner must submit application and fees,
as appropriate, within 60 days of property closing, along with copies of
all applicable licenses, zoning, inspections, etc., as required of new
members.
f) During the application period, the new owner
will be considered a “pending member” with all such privileges and restrictions
entitled under that classification.
Appendix C
SCBBA Membership Renewal
Membership renewal will be via submission
of a renewal application, verification of appropriate
commercial insurance, including property and
liability coverage, as a lodging property, copies of new printed material
and revised Date information, if applicable, and membership dues.
An annual evaluative site visit with a report to the Board of Directors
for membership renewal approval will complete the renewal process.
Appendix D
The address and telephone number of the South
Carolina Bed & Breakfast Association is:
South Carolina Bed & Breakfast Association
PO Box 2020
Georgetown, SC 29442
Telephone 1-888-599-1234
URL: www.southcarolinabedandbreakfast.com
-end- |


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Multiply game
问题描述 :
Tired of playing computer games, alpc23 is planning to play a game on numbers. Because plus and subtraction is too easy for this gay, he wants to do some multiplication in a number sequence. After playing it a few times, he has found it is also too boring. So he plan to do a more challenge job: he wants to change several numbers in this sequence and also work out the multiplication of all the number in a subsequence of the whole sequence.
To be a friend of this gay, you have been invented by him to play this interesting game with him. Of course, you need to work out the answers faster than him to get a free lunch, He he…
To be a friend of this gay, you have been invented by him to play this interesting game with him. Of course, you need to work out the answers faster than him to get a free lunch, He he…
输入:
The first line is the number of case T (T<=10).
For each test case, the first line is the length of sequence n (n<=50000), the second line has n numbers, they are the initial n numbers of the sequence a1,a2, …,an,
Then the third line is the number of operation q (q<=50000), from the fourth line to the q+3 line are the description of the q operations. They are the one of the two forms:
0 k1 k2; you need to work out the multiplication of the subsequence from k1 to k2, inclusive. (1<=k1<=k2<=n)
1 k p; the kth number of the sequence has been change to p. (1<=k<=n)
You can assume that all the numbers before and after the replacement are no larger than 1 million.
For each test case, the first line is the length of sequence n (n<=50000), the second line has n numbers, they are the initial n numbers of the sequence a1,a2, …,an,
Then the third line is the number of operation q (q<=50000), from the fourth line to the q+3 line are the description of the q operations. They are the one of the two forms:
0 k1 k2; you need to work out the multiplication of the subsequence from k1 to k2, inclusive. (1<=k1<=k2<=n)
1 k p; the kth number of the sequence has been change to p. (1<=k<=n)
You can assume that all the numbers before and after the replacement are no larger than 1 million.
输出:
The first line is the number of case T (T<=10).
For each test case, the first line is the length of sequence n (n<=50000), the second line has n numbers, they are the initial n numbers of the sequence a1,a2, …,an,
Then the third line is the number of operation q (q<=50000), from the fourth line to the q+3 line are the description of the q operations. They are the one of the two forms:
0 k1 k2; you need to work out the multiplication of the subsequence from k1 to k2, inclusive. (1<=k1<=k2<=n)
1 k p; the kth number of the sequence has been change to p. (1<=k<=n)
You can assume that all the numbers before and after the replacement are no larger than 1 million.
For each test case, the first line is the length of sequence n (n<=50000), the second line has n numbers, they are the initial n numbers of the sequence a1,a2, …,an,
Then the third line is the number of operation q (q<=50000), from the fourth line to the q+3 line are the description of the q operations. They are the one of the two forms:
0 k1 k2; you need to work out the multiplication of the subsequence from k1 to k2, inclusive. (1<=k1<=k2<=n)
1 k p; the kth number of the sequence has been change to p. (1<=k<=n)
You can assume that all the numbers before and after the replacement are no larger than 1 million.
样例输入:
1 6 1 2 4 5 6 3 3 0 2 5 1 3 7 0 2 5
样例输出:
240 420
#include <iostream> #include <algorithm> #include <queue> #include <cstring> #include <cstdio> #define L(rt) (rt<<1) #define R(rt) (rt<<1|1) using namespace std; const int mod=1000000007; const int N=50005; int num[N]; struct node { int l,r; long long ans; }tree[N*4]; void build(int l,int r,int rt) { tree[rt].l=l; tree[rt].r=r; if(l==r) { tree[rt].ans=num[l]; return; } int mid=(l+r)>>1; build(l,mid,L(rt)); build(mid+1,r,R(rt)); tree[rt].ans=(tree[L(rt)].ans*tree[R(rt)].ans)%mod; } long long query(int l,int r,int rt) { if(tree[rt].l==l&&tree[rt].r==r) return tree[rt].ans; int mid=(tree[rt].l+tree[rt].r)>>1; if(r<=mid) return query(l,r,L(rt)); else if(l>=mid+1) return query(l,r,R(rt)); else { long long a=query(l,mid,L(rt)); long long b=query(mid+1,r,R(rt)); return (a*b)%mod; } } void update(int val,int loc,int rt) { if(tree[rt].l==loc&&tree[rt].r==loc) { tree[rt].ans=val; return; } if(loc<=tree[L(rt)].r) update(val,loc,L(rt)); if(loc>=tree[R(rt)].l) update(val,loc,R(rt)); tree[rt].ans=(tree[L(rt)].ans*tree[R(rt)].ans)%mod; } int main() { //freopen("1.txt","r",stdin); int t,n,m; scanf("%d",&t); while(t--) { scanf("%d",&n); for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) scanf("%d",&num[i]); build(1,n,1); scanf("%d",&m); int op,x,y; while(m--) { scanf("%d%d%d",&op,&x,&y); if(op==0) { long long ans=query(x,y,1); printf("%lld\n",ans%mod); } else update(y,x,1); } } return 0; }
参考：http://blog.csdn.net/weyuli/article/details/9383195
(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
主要是因为没缩小，很多人被迫看完
主要是因为没缩小，很多人被迫看完
主要是因为没缩小，很多人被迫看完
主要是因为没缩小，很多人被迫看完
主要是因为没缩小，很多人被迫看完
主要是因为没缩小，很多人被迫看完
主要是因为没缩小，很多人被迫看完
主要是因为没缩小，很多人被迫看完
主要是因为没缩小，很多人被迫看完
主要是因为没缩小，很多人被迫看完
主要是因为没缩小，很多人被迫看完
主要是因为没缩小，很多人被迫看完
主要是因为没缩小，很多人被迫看完
第二个方法挺不错。NewHead代表新的头节点，通过递归找到最后一个节点之后，就把这个节点赋给NewHead，然后一直返回返回，中途这个值是没有变化的，一边返回一边把相应的指针方向颠倒，最后结束时返回新的头节点到主函数。
很高兴你会喜欢这个网站。目前还没有一个开发团队，网站是我一个人在维护，都是用的开源系统，也没有太多需要开发的部分，主要是内容整理。非常感谢你的关注。
约瑟夫也用说这么长……很成熟的一个问题了，分治的方法解起来o(n)就可以了，有兴趣可以看看具体数学的第一章，关于约瑟夫问题推导出了一系列的结论，很漂亮
先从简单的做起，归并排序，二叉树相关的遍历等
非常好，初学者就应该先理解递归
写的很好~~
感谢分享 学习了`(*∩_∩*)′
已修改。一些字符在编辑的时候转义了
原来欧几里德定理应用这么多
多谢提醒，是漏掉了
第二个程序编译都通不过， int L[m+1][n+1];这样定义出错，应该换成具体的数字ac
怎么输入两个0程序还没退出
懂了，谢谢啦
好网站，肯定会火的


Sam Vickars*
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#trumped
100 days of tweets
Comparing NHL Greats
How many points did they really get?
The Irregular Outfields of Baseball
How would a standard size affect the game?
Inequality in Africa
The World of James Bond
Shaken, not stirred.
Visualizing Canada's Indian Residential Schools
The Biggest Rivalries in Sports
121 teams, 6 pro sports.
On Drinking
Cheers to typography.
Other Fun Stuff
Various Projects


FILM TITLE: ALLEGRO NON TROPPO DIRECTOR: BRUNO BAZZETTO COUNTRY: ITALY ( 1979 ) CAST: MAURIZIO NICHETTI, NESTOR GARAY, MAURIZIO MICHELI SUPER FEATURES: Italian Cartoon that says thanks to Disney's FANTASIA
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
There are a few films that are all cartoons and they are often good, but have had trouble finding an audience, specially if they are not quite for children, or maybe they are for teenagers and adults.
ALLEGRO NON TROPPO is a beautiful series of cartoon spoofs set to classical music, interspersed with some rather hmmm, hmmm, comedy bits in between the sketches. The sketches are between the cartoonist, the orchestra conductor and the players of the music, which happens to be a group of elderly ladies.
The comedy sketches themselves are weak, although there are some very funny moments.
But the cartoons are outstanding.
Featuring the music of Debussy ( Prelude to an Afternoon of a Faun ), Dvorak ( Slavonic dance No. 7 ), Ravel ( Bolero ), Sibelius ( Valse Triste ), Vivaldi ( Concerto in C Minor ) and a piece from Stravinsky ( The Firebird ) the visual interpretation of these musical classics is as good, if not better, than Walt Disney's version. At least, it is better because it isn't just a fanciful, and spirited, attempt to attract the kiddies. It is much more sophisticated, and better thought out from a writing standpoint. Of course, it is easier to say that when Mr.. Disney has already set a standard some forty years prior to the release of this film.
The standout pieces are:
Debussy .... This cartoon is about an aging satyr attempting to rekindle his old flame, only to fall prey to his aging.
Dvorak .... The funniest piece, a great attack on the morality, or immorality of the monkey copycats of the twentieth century.
Ravel .... Rather difficult to explain, but it is about the creation, and growth of man through out history from the prehistoric days to a modern freeway.
Sibelius ... A really sad, and magical piece about a kitty remembering his better days before the war destroyed his home.
Vivaldi ... Very funny cartoon about a very independent, and vindictive, Mrs. Bee, trying to enjoy her gourmet breakfast.
Stravinsky .... A piece about a snake and its mistake when it ate Adam's apple and became cursed with the history of man and modern madness.
All in all, this is an exceptional film worth seeing, if it comes around or is released in video ( I bought it ) to various stores. It really has a more direct connection with the music than what Fantasia appeared to have for me. The cartoonist actor, is Maurizio Nichetti, who went on to make THE ICICLE THIEF which I have reviewed. Maurizio made his fame by putting together commercials with a comedy edge to them in Italy.
WORTH IT.
GOOD CLEAN FUN FOR THE KIDS, TOO.
EXTREMELLY SUBTLE BITS EVERY WHERE.
4.5 GIBLOONS out of 5
Copyright (c) Pedro Sena 1994 Reviewer and Moderator of the CENTIPEDE's THE FILM.
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rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
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review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


We consider it critical to continuously build on the trust and confidence our clients have placed in us. Share your experience with The Care of Trees. We believe there are no shortcuts to solid relationships and want to earn your business one step at a time with Jedds Tree Care to deliver on 3 things that customers tell us the most.
Showed respect for you by calling ahead, showing up on time, and thoroughly cleaning up.
Shared a plan that made sense after diagnosing your specific needs.
Followed through on everything outlined in the written proposal
Our clients trust us to provide professional tree service and landscape service to protect their most precious natural assets. If you are not satisfied with the care you received, we will work with you to fix any potential issues.


Congratulation. Your AutoClassWeb job is now running. Let's hope your data will classify nicely!
Check regularly your job status.
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Congratulation. Your AutoClassWeb job is now running. Let's hope your data will classify nicely!
Check regularly your job status.
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N-Power October Stipend: Scheme’s Network ‘Bombarded’
by Ridwan YusufThe social media network of the Federal Government’s N-Power scheme has been ‘bombarded’ by beneficiaries who continue to demand their October stipend.
Concise News observed that many volunteers of the component of the National Social Investment Programmes (NSIP) have stormed the official Twitter and Facebook pages of the scheme to ask that they are paid the money owed.
Introduced in 2016 by President Muhammadu Buhari, the N-Power Programme is a graduate and non-graduate job enhancement scheme.
The objective is to enable them acquire the requisite skills, knowledge and experience for entrepreneurship and self sufficiency at the culmination of their tenure on the programme.
The N-Power beneficiaries are then provided with N30, 000 (approximately 83 US Dollars) monthly stipend and devices to aid their learning and skills development.
See reactions from beneficiaries on Monday:


Consider this variable declaration:
const element =
Hello, world!
;
This funny tag syntax is neither a string nor HTML.
It is called JSX, and it is a syntax extension to JavaScript. We recommend using it with React to describe what the UI should look like. JSX may remind you of a template language, but it comes with the full power of JavaScript.
JSX produces React “elements”. We will explore rendering them to the DOM in the next section. Below, you can find the basics of JSX necessary to get you started.
Why JSX?
React embraces the fact that rendering logic is inherently coupled with other UI logic: how events are handled, how the state changes over time, and how the data is prepared for display.
Instead of artificially separating technologies by putting markup and logic in separate files, React separates concerns with loosely coupled
units called “components” that contain both. We will come back to components in a further section, but if you’re not yet comfortable putting markup in JS, this talk might convince you otherwise.
React doesn’t require using JSX, but most people find it helpful as a visual aid when working with UI inside the JavaScript code. It also allows React to show
more useful error and warning messages.
With that out of the way, let’s get started!
Embedding Expressions in JSX
In the example below, we declare a variable called name
and then use it inside JSX by wrapping it in curly braces:
const name = 'Josh Perez';
const element =
Hello, {name}
;
ReactDOM.render(
element,
document.getElementById('root')
);
You can put any valid JavaScript expression inside the curly braces in JSX. For example, 2 + 2
,
user.firstName
, or formatName(user)
are all valid JavaScript expressions.
In the example below, we embed the result of calling a JavaScript function, formatName(user)
, into an

element.
function formatName(user) {
return user.firstName + ' ' + user.lastName;
}
const user = {
firstName: 'Harper',
lastName: 'Perez'
};
const element = (

Hello, {formatName(user)}!

);
ReactDOM.render(
element,
document.getElementById('root')
);
We split JSX over multiple lines for readability. While it isn’t required, when doing this, we also recommend wrapping it in parentheses to avoid the pitfalls of automatic semicolon insertion.
JSX is an Expression Too
After compilation, JSX expressions become regular JavaScript function calls and evaluate to JavaScript objects.
This means that you can use JSX inside of if
statements and for
loops, assign it to variables, accept it as arguments, and return it from functions:
function getGreeting(user) {
if (user) {
return
Hello, {formatName(user)}!
;
}
return
Hello, Stranger.
;
}
Specifying Attributes with JSX
You may use quotes to specify string literals as attributes:
const element =

;
You may also use curly braces to embed a JavaScript expression in an attribute:
const element = ;
Don’t put quotes around curly braces when embedding a JavaScript expression in an attribute. You should either use quotes (for string values) or curly braces (for expressions), but not both in the same attribute.
Warning:
Since JSX is closer to JavaScript than to HTML, React DOM uses camelCase
property naming convention instead of HTML attribute names.
For example, class
becomes className
in JSX, and tabindex
becomes tabIndex
.
Specifying Children with JSX
If a tag is empty, you may close it immediately with />, like XML:
const element = ;
JSX tags may contain children:
const element = (

Hello!

Good to see you here.

);
JSX Prevents Injection Attacks
It is safe to embed user input in JSX:
const title = response.potentiallyMaliciousInput;
// This is safe:
const element =
{title}
;
By default, React DOM escapes any values embedded in JSX before rendering them. Thus it ensures that you can never inject
anything that’s not explicitly written in your application. Everything is converted to a string before being rendered. This helps prevent XSS (cross-site-scripting) attacks.
JSX Represents Objects
Babel compiles JSX down to React.createElement()
calls.
These two examples are identical:
const element = (

Hello, world!

);
const element = React.createElement(
'h1',
{className: 'greeting'},
'Hello, world!'
);
React.createElement()
performs a few checks to help you write bug-free code but essentially it creates an object like this:
// Note: this structure is simplified
const element = {
type: 'h1',
props: {
className: 'greeting',
hildren: 'Hello, world!'
}
};
These objects are called “React elements”. You can think of them as descriptions of what you want to see on the screen. React reads these objects and uses them to construct the DOM and keep it up to date.
We will explore rendering React elements to the DOM in the next section.


Another ER trip for Cora? Why not? Fully loaded grocery cart over the big toe will do it. 😭😔😩
6/11/2014, 6:53:53 PM
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link--- layout: tweet ---
Another ER trip for Cora? Why not? Fully loaded grocery cart over the big toe will do it. 😭😔😩
6/11/2014, 6:53:53 PM
Favs: 0
Retweets: 0
link


Scenes palette basic tests
Creating states, making widgets invisible within a state
Steps
- Standard setup things: Clear the browser cache. Launch the Maqetta server.
Login if necessary.
In some cases, you'll want to setup a virgin user environment by creating a whole new user login.
- Issue a "New Desktop Application" command.
- Drag an HTML label, Calendar, TextBox, a Map (from ClipArt), and a circle (from Shapes).
Note that the circle will be absolutely positioned - with M7 the drawing tools are always added with absolute positioning.
- Add a DIV, and three buttons inside of DIV onto the canvas.
- In the Scenes palette, click on the + icon to define two states "aaa" and "bbb"
- In the Scenes palette, select the "bbb" state and click on the X icon to delete that state
- In the Scenes palette, click on the + icon to define two states "ccc" and "ddd"
- Verify that you can drag/drop re-order states. Try to drag states aaa, ccc, and ddd around
to change their order. Click undo and redo after moving a state.
- You should be able to reorder states aaa, ccc and ddd by drag/drop.
- You should NOT be able to put any of the custom states before the Background state.
- You should NOT be able to move the Background state to a different position (should be locked to first position).
- As you drag, the green color indicator should only show up at valid insertion points.
- Reorder operations should be undoable.
- In the Scenes palette, select the "aaa" state. Go to Outline palette and
click on the eyeball icon for the Label and Map to make them invisible for the "aaa" state.
(These widgets should become invisible on the canvas).
- In the Scenes palette, select the "ddd" state. Go to Outline palette and
click on the eyeball icon for the Calendar and circle to make them invisible for the "ddd" state.
(These widgets should become invisible on the canvas).
- Click on the "Save" icon on the main toolbar to save the new file. The asterisks that indicates that the file is "dirty" should go away.
- Click on the "X" close button for the editor tab for this file
- In the Files palette, double-click on the file you just created to re-open the file.
- In the Scenes palette, alternatively click on "Background", "aaa" and "ddd".
Expected results
- The TextBox and buttons should be
visible in all 3 states. The Label should disappear in the "aaa" state.
The Calendar should disappear in the "ddd" state.
(continuation of previous) Verifying Undo
Steps
- (continuing on the same file created in the previous test)
- Create a new state named "eee"
- Issue an undo command.
- The "eee" state should no longer appear in the Scenes palette.
- Issue an redo command.
- The "eee" state should re-appear in the Scenes palette.
- Select the "eee" state. Using the "Modify state" icon (3rd icon in the palette), bring up the Modify State dialog.
In the dialog, change the state name from "eee" to "fff", and click on the checkbox to set
state "fff" to be the initial state.
- The "eee" state be replaced by an "fff" state in the Scenes palette.
- The "fff" state should have a checkmark to show that it will be the initial runtime state.
- Issue an undo command.
- The "fff" state should be renamed back to "eee" and the checkmark should return to the Background/Background state.
- Issue a redo command.
- The "fff" state should reappear with a checkmark.
- Select the "ffff" state. Click on the delete state icon to remove the "fff" state.
- The "fff" state disappear from the Scenes palette.
- Issue an undo command.
- The "fff" state should reappear.
- Issue a redo command.
- The "fff" state disappear again.
(continuation of previous) Adding interactivity
Steps
- (continuing on the same file created in the previous test)
- Select the first button widget. On the Properties palette, go to the onclick property
and use the dropdown menu to choose the option to switch to the "Background" state
- Select the second button widget. On the Properties palette, go to the onclick property
and use the dropdown menu to choose the option to switch to the "aaa" state
- Select the third button widget. On the Properties palette, go to the onclick property
and use the dropdown menu to choose the option to switch to the "ddd" state
- Save and close the file.
- In the Files palette, double-click on the file you just closed to re-open the file.
- Click on the Preview in Browser button on the main toolbar. A new browser tab or window should appear
with your new file showing within the frame.
- Alternatively click on the 3 buttons.
Expected results
- The TextBox and buttons should be
visible when the page launches and after clicking the first button.
The Label should disappear when you click on the second button.
The Calendar should disappear when you click on the third button.
Changing properties in different states
Steps
- (continuing on the same file created in the previous test)
- In the Scenes palette, select the "ddd" state. Go to Outline palette and
click on the closed eyeball icon for the Calendar to make it visible
(the eyeball should open and the Calendar should become visible on the canvas),
then click on the open eyeball icon for the TextBox to make it invisible
(the eyeball should close and the TextBox should become invisible on the canvas).
- On the Scenes palette, go into the Background state.
Select the first button widget. On the Styling palette, set the font size to 20.
Select the calendar widget. On the Properties palette, set the width to 200px.
- On the Scenes palette, go into the "aaa" state.
- Select the second button widget.
- Open up the CSS Cascade view for the 'font-size' property
by clicking on ">" symbol to right of 'font-size' property.
Make sure radio button to left of 'element.style' is selected.
Scroll to very bottom of CSS cascade and turn on check box that says
'Only apply to current style (aaa)'. Set font size to 30px.
- Select the calendar widget.
- Open up the CSS Cascade view for the 'width' property
by clicking on ">" symbol to right of 'width' property.
Make sure radio button to left of 'element.style' is selected.
Scroll to very bottom of CSS cascade and turn on check box that says
'Only apply to current style (aaa)'. Set the width to 300px.
- On the Scenes palette, go into the "ddd" state.
- Select the third button widget.
- Open up the CSS Cascade view for the 'font-size' property
by clicking on ">" symbol to right of 'font-size' property.
Make sure radio button to left of 'element.style' is selected.
Scroll to very bottom of CSS cascade and turn on check box that says
'Only apply to current style (ddd)'. Go to font size property,
turn on check box 'Only apply to current style (ddd)', and set font size to 40px.
- Select the calendar widget.
- Open up the CSS Cascade view for the 'width' property
by clicking on ">" symbol to right of 'width' property.
Make sure radio button to left of 'element.style' is selected.
Scroll to very bottom of CSS cascade and turn on check box that says
'Only apply to current style (ddd)'. Set the width to 400px.
- Save and close the file.
- In the Files palette, double-click on the file you just closed to re-open the file.
- Click on the Preview in Browser button on the main toolbar. A new browser tab or window should appear
with your new file showing within the frame.
- Alternatively click on the 3 buttons.
Expected results
- You should see slightly different results than in the previous section.
The Label should disappear when you click on the second button and
the TextBox should disappear when you click on the third button.
- In all 3 states, the first button should have a font size of 20
- In the Background state, the Calendar whould be 200px wide.
- In the "aaa" state, the second button should have a font size of 30 and the Calendar whould be 300px wide.
- In the "ddd" state, the third button should have a font size of 40 and the Calendar whould be 400px wide.
Moving/resizing in different states using "s" key
Steps
- (continuing on the same file created in the previous test)
- NOTE: the "s" key during move and resize operations says "apply to current state only".
This is temporary UI just so users have some way to apply move and resize operations to a particular state.
- Click on the flow/absolute mode icon on the toolbar and switch to absolute positioning.
- Drag SampleBanner.jpg onto canvas.
- In Background state, drag to move it to a new location, and drag lower-right corner to make it smaller.
- Click undo twice and redo twice.
After two undo operations, the image should return to its original location and size.
After two redo operations, the image should return to its modified location and size.
- On the Scenes palette, go into the "aaa" state.
- Drag/move the image with "s" key held down ('s' must be down at mouseup time).
- Drag/resize the image with "s" key held down ('s' must be down at mouseup time).
- Click undo twice and redo twice.
After two undo operations, the image should return to its previous location and size.
After two redo operations, the image should return to its modified location and size.
- Change to Background state and click Undo twice. Change to "aaa" state.
After two undo operations, the image should return to its previous location and size,
ie the last position and size before the two operations that were done with "s" key held down.
- Change to Background state and click Redo once. Change to "aaa" state.
After this first redo operation, the image should now be at the location
it was after completing the move operation with "s" key down.
- Change to Background state and click Redo once. Change to "aaa" state.
After this second redo operation, the image should now be at the location
and size it was after completing the resize operation with "s" key down.
Expected results
- As described within the text above.
Testing icons 4-6
Steps
- New hi-fi sketch
- In Scenes palette, make sure that the 5th icon
indicates that new widgets will go into the Background state.
- From Drawing Tools, add a Circle
- In Scenes palette, create new states "aaa" and "bbb"
- In Scenes palette, click on Background State. Select the Circle widget.
Click on 4th icon in Scenes palette to bring up the Manage States dialog.
See which checkboxes are checked.
- All 3 states should show the Circle as visible.
- States "aaa" and "bbb" should have this parenthetical text: "(Visible from Background)".
In the dialog, uncheck the Background state and check the aaa state,
then click on "Update".
In the Scenes palette, alternately click on the 3 states.
- The Circle should be hidden in Background and bbb state, and
visible in the aaa state.
- Go into the "aaa" state so that the circle is visible.
Select the Circle.
Click on 4th icon in Scenes palette to bring up the Manage States dialog.
See which checkboxes are checked.
- Only the "aaa" state should be marked as visible.
- Click on Update. In Scenes palette, cycle through the states.
- The Circle should only appear in the "aaa" state.
- In Scenes palette, select the "aaa" state and then select the Circle.
Click on 4th icon in Scenes palette to bring up the Manage States dialog.
- Click on the (empty) eyeball beside "Background".
See which checkboxes are checked.
- Only the "Background" and "aaa" states should be marked as visible.
This is because the "Update" action from previously using
the Manage States dialog added explicit 'display' properties
for each state for this widget, so the "bbb" state has
display:none.
- Click on the "Current state" hyperlink.
See which checkboxes are checked.
- Only the "aaa" states should be marked as visible.
- Click on the "All" hyperlink.
See which checkboxes are checked.
- All states should be marked as visible.
- Click on the "none" hyperlink.
See which checkboxes are checked.
- No states should be marked as visible.
- Click on the "Background only" hyperlink.
See which checkboxes are checked.
- All 3 states should show the Circle as visible.
- States "aaa" and "bbb" should have this parenthetical text: "(Visible from Background)".
- Click on Update, then in Scenes palette cycle through the states.
The Circle should be visible in all 3 states.
- Add a 4th state "ccc" and switch to that state. The Circle should
be visible because it is visible in the Background state and no
explicit override value has been provided for state "ccc".
- Click on the "Background" state. Drag/drop an Arrow widget onto canvas.
Click-select the Arrow (if not already selected).
Click on 4th icon in Scenes palette to bring up the Manage States dialog.
Make the Arrow visible in the "ccc" state but not in any other states.
Click "Update" to commit this change.
- Go into the "ccc" state, then multi-select the Circle and the Arrow.
Click on 4th icon in Scenes palette to bring up the Manage States dialog.
See which checkboxes are checked.
- The Background, "aaa" and "bbb" states should have a filled rectangle
instead of an eyeball to indicate a "mixed" value, and
the parenthetical expressions "(Some visible, some hidden)"
should appear to the right of the state name.
- State "ccc" should be visible, with the parenthetical express: "(Some visible from Background)".
- Click on the eyeball for the "bbb" state to make all widgets visible in the "bbb" state.
Click on Update. In the Scenes palette, cycle through the states:
- Due to previous actions, Circle is in the Background (with no state-specific overrides),
so it should be visible in all states.
- The Arrow should be visible in the "bbb" and "ddd" states.
- Go into "aaa" state.
Make sure that the 5th icon is toggled such that new widgets go to Background state.
Drag/drop a CheckBox to the document. With CheckBox selected, bring up Manage States.
- All 4 states should show the CheckBox as visible.
- States "aaa", "bbb" and "ccc" should have this parenthetical text: "(Visible from Background)".
Click Cancel to close the Dialog.
- Undo above operation. Click on the 5th icon so that new new widgets go into current state.
Drag/drop a CheckBox to the document. With CheckBox selected, bring up Manage States.
- CheckBox should be visible only in the "aaa" state.
Click Cancel to close the Dialog.
- Click Undo to remove the CheckBox.
- While in the "aaa" state, click on the 6th icon to highlight all widgets that come from the Background state.
- The Circle should be highlighted in red to show that this widget comes from
the Background state rather than the current state.


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We try to make upgrading as smooth as possible. Here’s the generic documentation, but don’t hesitate to ask for help on Gitter.
to_hash(user_options: {})
->(options) { options[:user_options] }
->(user_options:,**) { user_options }
The 2.4 line contains many new features and got a major internal restructuring. It is a transitional release with deprecations for all changes.
:render_filter => lambda { |val, options| "#{val.upcase},#{options[:doc]},#{options[:options][:user_options]}" }
Once your code is migrated to 2.4, you should upgrade to 3.0, which does not have deprecations anymore and only supports Ruby 2.0 and higher.

Representable.deprecations = false
For dynamic options like :instance
or :getter
we used to expose a positional API like instance: ->(fragment, options)
where every option has a slightly different signature. Even worse, for collection
s this would result in a differing signature plus an index like instance: ->(fragment, index, options)
.
From Representable 2.4 onwards, only one argument is passed in for all options with an identical, easily memoizable API. Note that the old signatures will print deprecation warnings, but still work.
For parsing, this is as follows (:instance
is just an example).
property :artist, instance: ->(options) do
options[:input]
options[:fragment] # the parsed fragment
options[:doc] # the entire document
options[:result] # whatever the former function returned,
# usually this is the deserialized object.
options[:user_options] # options passed into the parse method (e.g. from_json).
options[:index] # index of the currently iterated fragment (only with collection)
end
We highly recommend to use keyword arguments if you’re using Ruby 2.1+.
property :artist, instance: ->(fragment:, user_options:, **) do
When passing dynamic options to to_hash
/from_hash
and friends, in older version you were allowed to pass in the options directly.
decorator.to_hash(is_admin: true)
This is deprecated. You now have to use the :user_options
key to make it compatible with library options.
decorator.to_hash(user_options: { is_admin: true })
The :pass_options
option is deprecated and you should simply remove it, even though it still works in < 3.0. You have access to all the environmental object via options[:binding]
.
In older version, you might have done as follows.
property :artist, pass_options: true,
instance: ->(fragment, options) { options.represented }
Runtime information such as represented
or decorator
is now available via the generic options.
property :artist, instance: ->(options) do
options[:binding] # property Binding instance.
options[:binding].represented # the represented object
options[:user_options] # options from user.
end
The same with keyword arguments.
property :artist, instance: ->(binding:, user_options:, **) do
binding.represented # the represented object
end
The :parse_strategy
option is deprecated in favor of :populator
. Please replace all occurrences with the new populator style to stay cool.
If you used a :class
proc with :parse_strategy
, the new API is class: ->(options)
. It used to be class: ->(fragment, user_options)
.
In older versions you could use :class
and :instance
in combination, which resulted in hard-to-follow behavior. These options work exlusively now.
skip_render: lambda { |options|
# raise options[:represented].inspect
options[:user_options][:skip?] and options[:input].name == “Rancid”
The :binding
option is deprecated and will be removed in 3.0. You can use your own pipeline and replace the WriteFragment
function with your own.


|
MRSL JPS3D Library
1.0
An implementaion of Jump Point Search on 3D voxel map
|
Node of the graph in graph search. More...
#include <graph_search.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| State (int id, int x, int y) | |
| 2D constructor | |
| State (int id, int x, int y, int z) | |
| 3D constructor | |
Public Attributes | |
| int | id |
| ID. | |
| int | x |
| Coord. | |
| int | y |
| int | z = 0 |
| int | parentId = -1 |
| id of predicessors | |
| priorityQueue::handle_type | heapkey |
| pointer to heap location | |
| double | g = std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity() |
| g cost | |
| double | h |
| heuristic cost | |
| bool | opened = false |
| if has been opened | |
| bool | closed = false |
| if has been closed | |
Node of the graph in graph search.


|
||||||||||
| PREV NEXT | FRAMES NO FRAMES |
| Packages that use Multimap | |
|---|---|
| com.google.common.collect | This package contains generic collection interfaces and implementations, and other utilities for working with collections. |
| Uses of Multimap in com.google.common.collect |
|---|
| Subinterfaces of Multimap in com.google.common.collect | |
|---|---|
interface |
ListMultimap<K,V>
A Multimap that can hold duplicate key-value pairs and that maintains
the insertion ordering of values for a given key. |
interface |
SetMultimap<K,V>
A Multimap that cannot hold duplicate key-value pairs. |
interface |
SortedSetMultimap<K,V>
A SetMultimap whose set of values for a given key are kept sorted;
that is, they comprise a SortedSet . |
| Classes in com.google.common.collect that implement Multimap | |
|---|---|
class |
ArrayListMultimap<K,V>
Implementation of Multimap that uses an ArrayList to store
the values for a given key. |
class |
ForwardingMultimap<K,V>
A multimap which forwards all its method calls to another multimap. |
class |
HashMultimap<K,V>
Implementation of Multimap using hash tables. |
class |
ImmutableListMultimap<K,V>
An immutable ListMultimap with reliable user-specified key and value
iteration order. |
class |
ImmutableMultimap<K,V>
An immutable Multimap . |
class |
ImmutableSetMultimap<K,V>
An immutable SetMultimap with reliable user-specified key and value
iteration order. |
class |
LinkedHashMultimap<K,V>
Implementation of Multimap that does not allow duplicate key-value
entries and that returns collections whose iterators follow the ordering in
which the data was added to the multimap. |
class |
LinkedListMultimap<K,V>
An implementation of ListMultimap that supports deterministic
iteration order for both keys and values. |
class |
TreeMultimap<K,V>
Implementation of Multimap whose keys and values are ordered by
their natural ordering or by supplied comparators. |
| Methods in com.google.common.collect with type parameters of type Multimap | ||
|---|---|---|
static
|
Multimaps.invertFrom(Multimap<? extends V,? extends K> source,
M dest)
Copies each key-value mapping in source into dest , with
its key and value reversed. |
| Methods in com.google.common.collect that return Multimap | ||
|---|---|---|
protected abstract Multimap<K,V> |
ForwardingMultimap.delegate()
|
|
static
|
Multimaps.newMultimap(Map<K,Collection<V>> map,
Supplier<? extends Collection<V>> factory)
Creates a new Multimap that uses the provided map and factory. |
|
static
|
Multimaps.synchronizedMultimap(Multimap<K,V> multimap)
Returns a synchronized (thread-safe) multimap backed by the specified multimap. |
|
static
|
Multimaps.unmodifiableMultimap(Multimap<K,V> delegate)
Returns an unmodifiable view of the specified multimap. |
| Methods in com.google.common.collect with parameters of type Multimap | ||
|---|---|---|
static
|
ImmutableListMultimap.copyOf(Multimap<? extends K,? extends V> multimap)
Returns an immutable multimap containing the same mappings as multimap . |
|
static
|
ImmutableSetMultimap.copyOf(Multimap<? extends K,? extends V> multimap)
Returns an immutable set multimap containing the same mappings as multimap . |
|
static
|
ImmutableMultimap.copyOf(Multimap<? extends K,? extends V> multimap)
Returns an immutable multimap containing the same mappings as multimap . |
|
static
|
TreeMultimap.create(Multimap<? extends K,? extends V> multimap)
Constructs a TreeMultimap , ordered by the natural ordering of its
keys and values, with the same mappings as the specified multimap. |
|
static
|
HashMultimap.create(Multimap<? extends K,? extends V> multimap)
Constructs a HashMultimap with the same mappings as the specified
multimap. |
|
static
|
ArrayListMultimap.create(Multimap<? extends K,? extends V> multimap)
Constructs an ArrayListMultimap with the same mappings as the
specified multimap. |
|
static
|
LinkedListMultimap.create(Multimap<? extends K,? extends V> multimap)
Constructs a LinkedListMultimap with the same mappings as the
specified Multimap . |
|
static
|
LinkedHashMultimap.create(Multimap<? extends K,? extends V> multimap)
Constructs a LinkedHashMultimap with the same mappings as the
specified multimap. |
|
static
|
Multimaps.invertFrom(Multimap<? extends V,? extends K> source,
M dest)
Copies each key-value mapping in source into dest , with
its key and value reversed. |
|
ImmutableListMultimap.Builder<K,V> |
ImmutableListMultimap.Builder.putAll(Multimap<? extends K,? extends V> multimap)
Stores another multimap's entries in the built multimap. |
|
ImmutableSetMultimap.Builder<K,V> |
ImmutableSetMultimap.Builder.putAll(Multimap<? extends K,? extends V> multimap)
Stores another multimap's entries in the built multimap. |
|
boolean |
ForwardingMultimap.putAll(Multimap<? extends K,? extends V> multimap)
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boolean |
Multimap.putAll(Multimap<? extends K,? extends V> multimap)
Copies all of another multimap's key-value pairs into this multimap. |
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boolean |
LinkedListMultimap.putAll(Multimap<? extends K,? extends V> multimap)
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boolean |
ImmutableMultimap.putAll(Multimap<? extends K,? extends V> multimap)
Guaranteed to throw an exception and leave the multimap unmodified. |
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ImmutableMultimap.Builder<K,V> |
ImmutableMultimap.Builder.putAll(Multimap<? extends K,? extends V> multimap)
Stores another multimap's entries in the built multimap. |
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static
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Multimaps.synchronizedMultimap(Multimap<K,V> multimap)
Returns a synchronized (thread-safe) multimap backed by the specified multimap. |
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static
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Multimaps.unmodifiableMultimap(Multimap<K,V> delegate)
Returns an unmodifiable view of the specified multimap. |
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Sprint 5 - Cultural
Reflection - Foundations Core Skills
What are three new things you have learned about yourself and your ego as a result of the core learning?
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I am very impatient with myself and tend to beat myself up if I can’t solve a problem in a
short amount of time or if I can’t solve it at all. I am constantly feeling that I am chased by time
and have to learn faster.
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Whatever frustrations I have experienced by solving a problem, they didn't take my motivation away for the
next day and I started every morning in full anticipation of the next challenge or new thing to learn.

What are the role of values, empathy and self-awareness in learning and programming?
Every decision we make, is a reflection of our values and beliefs, which is directed towards a specific purpose.
What makes our values so important is, that they help us to define and create our future, to grow and develop and
to assist us to identify our strengths and weaknesses. Core values within a company or learning group helps
team members to work towards the same goal.
Self-awareness is one of the key elements in emotional intelligence and refers to a persons ability to
identify and manage their own emotions. It is about understanding our needs, desires, failings, habits, strengths,
weaknesses etc.
When we have a better understanding of ourselves, we are empowered to make changes and build on our strengths,
as well as identify areas where we would like to make improvements. It also helps us to create achievable goals
and to guide ourselves down the right path.
While self-awareness and values help us to understand more about ourselves, empathy on the other hand
helps us to understand how others are feeling. It is about recognizing emotions in others, listening without
interrupting, withholding judgement and much more. Whenever other people are involved ( may it be in our personal
lives or in our work team ), empathy can be incredibly useful. In programming, for example, it can help us solve
problems by understanding of what’s super important to people, both fellow programmers and users. It helps people
to create better products because we better understand the people who will be using our software. And on the programmer
side, empathy is a big part of working in teams and makes for a better working place with greater staff retention.
What has surprised you the most about the core learning?
While I didn’t really enjoy the core learning in sprint 1 and 2, because it pushed me right out of my
comfort zone and I had big troubles getting started to think about myself and to put everything down in
writing, I started to quite enjoy it from sprint 3 onwards, which really surprised me.
I thought that I would just find it as tedious as the first two sprints and would rather like to get back
into coding, but instead I learned some really interesting and important things, and already started to
implement them into my personal life and learning experience, e.g. active listening, mindfulness or
thinking with a growth mindset.
I also enjoyed core as a relaxing break from JavaScript.
What were the most challenging aspects of the core learning?
To write everything down into a nice sounding text. Creative writing is definitely not one of my strengths
and writing my core blog was hugely time-consuming.
Why do you think we, a programming school, are spending so much time focusing on core learning in a web development bootcamp course?
I believe that Dev Academy has curated the essential and foundational skills needed in the tech industry
to get an understanding of how to be a valued team member and how to build mental strength.
Does the time you spent studying core learning here feel like a waste of time? Should you have just used that time to practicing programming instead?
Not at all. It was good to learn about myself and my limits, failures and frustrations and working out
different ways of problem solving to overcome obstacles.
The core learning has changed my thought processes in regards to problem solving and it has also given me
an understanding of how to learn from my mistakes and improve my skills, which I believe will be relevant
in future employment.
What is your long term goal and/or career pathway?
After graduating from EDA, I would like to find a job as a Junior Developer in a bigger company in Wellington
that supports the further development of their employees and helps people to grow. Ideally, it will be a company
that particularly encourages females to get into tech roles ( for example Springload ). Long term I would like to
become a senior team member, highly skilled in several programming languages, who mentors team mates without being
in a lead role. I would like to be in a company that allows employees to work remotely for several weeks per year,
so I am able to spend a few weeks each year around my family in Germany.
What do you think your biggest strengths and limitations will be in Bootcamp?
I believe my biggest strengths will be my strong drive to learn and develop my technical knowledge,
as well as my perserverance. I would describe myself as a “completionist”. Usually, I finish what I have
started and don’t give up halfway through, while always trying to give my best.
However, I tend to set myself very high standards and be incredibly hard on myself when achievements
don’t meet my standards or when I progress too slowly. In those times, self-doubt is certainly my hardest
struggle to overcome.
What do you think your biggest non-technical challenge at Bootcamp will be?
I think my biggest challenge will be to look after my mental and physical health during these 9 intense weeks.
I will have to remind myself to spend some time away from learning to relax and recover.
What non-technical skills - human skills - would you like to see developed in yourself while at EDA?
I would like to see my interpersonal skills developed: learn how to clearly communicate with team members,
trust others, support and motivate others, as well as giving constructive feedback to others.
I would also like to learn how to successfully work with people that I personally find “difficult”
because their values profoundly differ from my own ones.
What are your expectations of yourself on Bootcamp?
My expectation of myself is to use the strengths that I have, to make the most and best that I can out of
this learning experience. I expect myself to ask my cohort and/or facilitator for help if I am stuck with a
problem and not to allow myself to hit the panic button.
Additionally, I expect myself to accept that I am a human being who is naturally going to fail heaps of times
before I will eventually ( hopefully ) succeed.


OpenCL enables parallel programming that assigns computational tasks to multiple processing elements to be performed at the same time. These tasks are called kernels. A kernel is a special function that can be executed to different OpenCL-compliant devices. In the CA modeling context, each elementary process of the CA transition function is devised in the OpenCAL library as a kernel. The kernels are sent to the device(s) by the host application. The host application defines a structure called context, needed to manage data exchange and computation on the compliant devices.
In particular, host application links kernels into one or more programs. In the host application, the user can select the kernel’s functions to insert inside a container called program. The program connects the kernel with argument data and dispatches it to a structure called command queue. The command queue is a structure that allows the host to decide what the devices have to do and, when a kernel is enqueued, the device will execute the relative function.
As we can see from the picture above, the context contains all the devices, all the command queues and all the kernels. More in detail, for every device a command queue is associated and every command queue has inside all the kernel functions that the device has to execute.


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Welcome to Dashboard
Pharmacy
Address
Awaiting orders
| Track ID | Delievery Area | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|
| System Architect | Edinburgh | 61 | |
Pharmacy
Address
Awaiting orders
| Track ID | Delievery Area | Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|
| System Architect | Edinburgh | 61 | |
Pharmacy
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| System Architect | Edinburgh | 61 | |
Street : street name
| Supplier | ID | changed ID | Patient Name | Address | Amount | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| asd | Architect | Edinburgh | 61 | 61 | 61 | 61 |
| Created Date | Created Time | Pick List |
|---|---|---|
| asd | Architect | Edinburgh |


RED-I Dropper is a web-based application used to assist in the secure transport of data from one location to another. This transfer can include both sensitive and non-sensitive data.
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