Ruby on Rails 3.0 Release Notes
Rails 3.0 is ponies and rainbows! It's going to cook you dinner and fold your laundry. You're going to wonder how life was ever possible before it arrived. It's the Best Version of Rails We've Ever Done!
But seriously now, it's really good stuff. There are all the good ideas brought over from when the Merb team joined the party and brought a focus on framework agnosticism, slimmer and faster internals, and a handful of tasty APIs. If you're coming to Rails 3.0 from Merb 1.x, you should recognize lots. If you're coming from Rails 2.x, you're going to love it too.
Even if you don't give a hoot about any of our internal cleanups, Rails 3.0 is going to delight. We have a bunch of new features and improved APIs. It's never been a better time to be a Rails developer. Some of the highlights are:
- Brand new router with an emphasis on RESTful declarations
- New Action Mailer API modeled after Action Controller (now without the agonizing pain of sending multipart messages!)
- New Active Record chainable query language built on top of relational algebra
- Unobtrusive JavaScript helpers with drivers for Prototype, jQuery, and more coming (end of inline JS)
- Explicit dependency management with Bundler
On top of all that, we've tried our best to deprecate the old APIs with nice warnings. That means that you can move your existing application to Rails 3 without immediately rewriting all your old code to the latest best practices.
These release notes cover the major upgrades, but don't include every little bug fix and change. Rails 3.0 consists of almost 4,000 commits by more than 250 authors! If you want to see everything, check out the list of commits in the main Rails repository on GitHub.
To install Rails 3:
# Use sudo if your setup requires it
$ gem install rails
Upgrading to Rails 3
If you're upgrading an existing application, it's a great idea to have good test coverage before going in. You should also first upgrade to Rails 2.3.5 and make sure your application still runs as expected before attempting to update to Rails 3. Then take heed of the following changes:
Rails 3 requires at least Ruby 1.8.7
Rails 3.0 requires Ruby 1.8.7 or higher. Support for all of the previous Ruby versions has been dropped officially and you should upgrade as early as possible. Rails 3.0 is also compatible with Ruby 1.9.2.
TIP: Note that Ruby 1.8.7 p248 and p249 have marshaling bugs that crash Rails 3.0. Ruby Enterprise Edition have these fixed since release 1.8.7-2010.02 though. On the 1.9 front, Ruby 1.9.1 is not usable because it outright segfaults on Rails 3.0, so if you want to use Rails 3 with 1.9.x jump on 1.9.2 for smooth sailing.
Rails Application object
As part of the groundwork for supporting running multiple Rails applications in the same process, Rails 3 introduces the concept of an Application object. An application object holds all the application specific configurations and is very similar in nature to config/environment.rb
from the previous versions of Rails.
Each Rails application now must have a corresponding application object. The application object is defined in config/application.rb
. If you're upgrading an existing application to Rails 3, you must add this file and move the appropriate configurations from config/environment.rb
to config/application.rb
.
script/* replaced by script/rails
The new script/rails
replaces all the scripts that used to be in the script
directory. You do not run script/rails
directly though, the rails
command detects it is being invoked in the root of a Rails application and runs the script for you. Intended usage is:
$ rails console # instead of script/console
$ rails g scaffold post title:string # instead of script/generate scaffold post title:string
Run rails --help
for a list of all the options.
Dependencies and config.gem
The config.gem
method is gone and has been replaced by using bundler
and a Gemfile
, see Vendoring Gems below.
Upgrade Process
To help with the upgrade process, a plugin named Rails Upgrade has been created to automate part of it.
Simply install the plugin, then run rake rails:upgrade:check
to check your app for pieces that need to be updated (with links to information on how to update them). It also offers a task to generate a Gemfile
based on your current config.gem
calls and a task to generate a new routes file from your current one. To get the plugin, simply run the following:
$ ruby script/plugin install git://github.com/rails/rails_upgrade.git
You can see an example of how that works at Rails Upgrade is now an Official Plugin
Aside from Rails Upgrade tool, if you need more help, there are people on IRC and rubyonrails-talk that are probably doing the same thing, possibly hitting the same issues. Be sure to blog your own experiences when upgrading so others can benefit from your knowledge!
Creating a Rails 3.0 application
# You should have the 'rails' RubyGem installed
$ rails new myapp
$ cd myapp
Vendoring Gems
Rails now uses a Gemfile
in the application root to determine the gems you require for your application to start. This Gemfile
is processed by the , Bundler which then installs all your dependencies. It can even install all the dependencies locally to your application so that it doesn't depend on the system gems.
More information: - bundler homepage
Living on the Edge
Bundler
and Gemfile
makes freezing your Rails application easy as pie with the new dedicated bundle
command, so rake freeze
is no longer relevant and has been dropped.
If you want to bundle straight from the Git repository, you can pass the --edge
flag:
$ rails new myapp --edge
If you have a local checkout of the Rails repository and want to generate an application using that, you can pass the --dev
flag:
$ ruby /path/to/rails/bin/rails new myapp --dev
Rails Architectural Changes
There are six major changes in the architecture of Rails.
Railties Restrung
Railties was updated to provide a consistent plugin API for the entire Rails framework as well as a total rewrite of generators and the Rails bindings, the result is that developers can now hook into any significant stage of the generators and application framework in a consistent, defined manner.
All Rails core components are decoupled
With the merge of Merb and Rails, one of the big jobs was to remove the tight coupling between Rails core components. This has now been achieved, and all Rails core components are now using the same API that you can use for developing plugins. This means any plugin you make, or any core component replacement (like DataMapper or Sequel) can access all the functionality that the Rails core components have access to and extend and enhance at will.
More information: - The Great Decoupling
Active Model Abstraction
Part of decoupling the core components was extracting all ties to Active Record from Action Pack. This has now been completed. All new ORM plugins now just need to implement Active Model interfaces to work seamlessly with Action Pack.
More information: - Make Any Ruby Object Feel Like ActiveRecord
Controller Abstraction
Another big part of decoupling the core components was creating a base superclass that is separated from the notions of HTTP in order to handle rendering of views etc. This creation of AbstractController allowed ActionController and ActionMailer to be greatly simplified with common code removed from all these libraries and put into Abstract Controller.
More Information: - Rails Edge Architecture
Arel Integration
Arel (or Active Relation) has been taken on as the underpinnings of Active Record and is now required for Rails. Arel provides an SQL abstraction that simplifies out Active Record and provides the underpinnings for the relation functionality in Active Record.
More information: - Why I wrote Arel
Mail Extraction
Action Mailer ever since its beginnings has had monkey patches, pre parsers and even delivery and receiver agents, all in addition to having TMail vendored in the source tree. Version 3 changes that with all email message related functionality abstracted out to the Mail gem. This again reduces code duplication and helps create definable boundaries between Action Mailer and the email parser.
More information: - New Action Mailer API in Rails 3
Documentation
The documentation in the Rails tree is being updated with all the API changes, additionally, the Rails Edge Guides are being updated one by one to reflect the changes in Rails 3.0. The guides at guides.rubyonrails.org however will continue to contain only the stable version of Rails (at this point, version 2.3.5, until 3.0 is released).
More Information: - . Rails Documentation Projects
Internationalization
A large amount of work has been done with I18n support in Rails 3, including the latest I18n gem supplying many speed improvements.
- I18n for any object - I18n behavior can be added to any object by including ::ActiveModel::Translation and ::ActiveModel::Validations. There is also an
errors.messages
fallback for translations. - Attributes can have default translations.
- Form Submit Tags automatically pull the correct status (Create or Update) depending on the object status, and so pull the correct translation.
- Labels with I18n also now work by just passing the attribute name.
More Information: - Rails 3 I18n changes
Railties
With the decoupling of the main Rails frameworks, Railties got a huge overhaul so as to make linking up frameworks, engines or plugins as painless and extensible as possible:
-
Each application now has its own name space, application is started with
YourAppName.boot
for example, makes interacting with other applications a lot easier. -
Anything under
Rails.root/app
is now added to the load path, so you can makeapp/observers/user_observer.rb
and Rails will load it without any modifications. -
Rails 3.0 now provides a
Rails.config
object, which provides a central repository of all sorts of Rails wide configuration options.Application generation has received extra flags allowing you to skip the installation of test-unit, Active Record, Prototype and Git. Also a new
--dev
flag has been added which sets the application up with theGemfile
pointing to your Rails checkout (which is determined by the path to therails
binary). Seerails --help
for more info.
Railties generators got a huge amount of attention in Rails 3.0, basically:
- Generators were completely rewritten and are backwards incompatible.
- Rails templates API and generators API were merged (they are the same as the former).
- Generators are no longer loaded from special paths anymore, they are just found in the Ruby load path, so calling
rails generate foo
will look forgenerators/foo_generator
. - New generators provide hooks, so any template engine, ORM, test framework can easily hook in.
- New generators allow you to override the templates by placing a copy at
Rails.root/lib/templates
. - ::Rails::Generators::TestCase is also supplied so you can create your own generators and test them.
Also, the views generated by Railties generators had some overhaul:
- Views now use
div
tags instead ofp
tags. - Scaffolds generated now make use of
_form
partials, instead of duplicated code in the edit and new views. - Scaffold forms now use
f.submit
which returns "Create ModelName" or "Update ModelName" depending on the state of the object passed in.
Finally a couple of enhancements were added to the rake tasks:
rake db:forward
was added, allowing you to roll forward your migrations individually or in groups.rake routes CONTROLLER=x
was added allowing you to just view the routes for one controller.
Railties now deprecates:
RAILS_ROOT
in favor of Rails.root,RAILS_ENV
in favor of Rails.env, andRAILS_DEFAULT_LOGGER
in favor of Rails.logger.
PLUGIN/rails/tasks
, and PLUGIN/tasks
are no longer loaded all tasks now must be in PLUGIN/lib/tasks
.
More information:
- Discovering Rails 3 generators
- Making Generators for Rails 3 with Thor
- The Rails Module (in Rails 3)
Action Pack
There have been significant internal and external changes in Action Pack.
Abstract Controller
Abstract Controller pulls out the generic parts of Action Controller into a reusable module that any library can use to render templates, render partials, helpers, translations, logging, any part of the request response cycle. This abstraction allowed ::ActionMailer::Base to now just inherit from AbstractController and just wrap the Rails DSL onto the Mail gem.
It also provided an opportunity to clean up Action Controller, abstracting out what could to simplify the code.
Note however that Abstract Controller is not a user facing API, you will not run into it in your day to day use of Rails.
More Information: - Rails Edge Architecture
Action Controller
application_controller.rb
now hasprotect_from_forgery
on by default.- The
cookie_verifier_secret
has been deprecated and now instead it is assigned throughRails.application.config.cookie_secret
and moved into its own file:config/initializers/cookie_verification_secret.rb
. - The
session_store
was configured inActionController::Base.session
, and that is now moved toRails.application.config.session_store
. Defaults are set up inconfig/initializers/session_store.rb
. cookies.secure
allowing you to set encrypted values in cookies withcookie.secure[:key] => value
.cookies.permanent
allowing you to set permanent values in the cookie hashcookie.permanent[:key] => value
that raise exceptions on signed values if verification failures.- You can now pass
:notice => 'This is a flash message'
or:alert => 'Something went wrong'
to theformat
call inside arespond_to
block. Theflash[]
hash still works as previously. respond_with
method has now been added to your controllers simplifying the venerableformat
blocks.ActionController::Responder
added allowing you flexibility in how your responses get generated.
Deprecations:
filter_parameter_logging
is deprecated in favor ofconfig.filter_parameters << :password
.
More Information:
Action Dispatch
Action Dispatch is new in Rails 3.0 and provides a new, cleaner implementation for routing.
-
Big clean up and re-write of the router, the Rails router is now
rack_mount
with a Rails DSL on top, it is a stand alone piece of software. -
Routes defined by each application are now name spaced within your Application module, that is:
# Instead of: ActionController::Routing::Routes.draw do |map| map.resources :posts end # You do: AppName::Application.routes do resources :posts end
-
Added
match
method to the router, you can also pass any Rack application to the matched route. -
Added
constraints
method to the router, allowing you to guard routers with defined constraints. -
Added
scope
method to the router, allowing you to namespace routes for different languages or different actions, for example:scope 'es' do resources :projects, :path_names => { :edit => 'cambiar' }, :path => 'proyecto' end # Gives you the edit action with /es/proyecto/1/cambiar
-
Added
root
method to the router as a short cut formatch '/', :to => path
. -
You can pass optional segments into the match, for example
match "/:controller(/:action(/:id))(.:format)"
, each parenthesized segment is optional. -
Routes can be expressed via blocks, for example you can call
controller :home { match '/:action' }
.
NOTE. The old style map
commands still work as before with a backwards compatibility layer, however this will be removed in the 3.1 release.
Deprecations
- The catch all route for non-REST applications (
/:controller/:action/:id
) is now commented out. - Routes
:path_prefix
no longer exists and:name_prefix
now automatically adds "_" at the end of the given value.
More Information:
Action View
Unobtrusive JavaScript
Major re-write was done in the Action View helpers, implementing Unobtrusive JavaScript (UJS) hooks and removing the old inline AJAX commands. This enables Rails to use any compliant UJS driver to implement the UJS hooks in the helpers.
What this means is that all previous remote_<method>
helpers have been removed from Rails core and put into the Prototype Legacy Helper. To get UJS hooks into your HTML, you now pass :remote => true
instead. For example:
form_for @post, :remote => true
Produces:
<form action="http://host.com" id="create-post" method="post" data-remote="true">
Helpers with Blocks
Helpers like form_for
or div_for
that insert content from a block use <%=
now:
<%= form_for @post do |f| %>
...
<% end %>
Your own helpers of that kind are expected to return a string, rather than appending to the output buffer by hand.
Helpers that do something else, like cache
or content_for
, are not affected by this change, they need <%
as before.
Other Changes
- You no longer need to call
h(string)
to escape HTML output, it is on by default in all view templates. If you want the unescaped string, callraw(string)
. - Helpers now output HTML 5 by default.
- Form label helper now pulls values from I18n with a single value, so
f.label :name
will pull the:name
translation. - I18n select label on should now be :en.helpers.select instead of :en.support.select.
- You no longer need to place a minus sign at the end of a Ruby interpolation inside an ERB template to remove the trailing carriage return in the HTML output.
- Added
grouped_collection_select
helper to Action View. content_for?
has been added allowing you to check for the existence of content in a view before rendering.- passing
:value => nil
to form helpers will set the field'svalue
attribute to nil as opposed to using the default value - passing
:id => nil
to form helpers will cause those fields to be rendered with noid
attribute - passing
:alt => nil
toimage_tag
will cause theimg
tag to render with noalt
attribute
Active Model
Active Model is new in Rails 3.0. It provides an abstraction layer for any ORM libraries to use to interact with Rails by implementing an Active Model interface.
ORM Abstraction and Action Pack Interface
Part of decoupling the core components was extracting all ties to Active Record from Action Pack. This has now been completed. All new ORM plugins now just need to implement Active Model interfaces to work seamlessly with Action Pack.
More Information: - Make Any Ruby Object Feel Like ActiveRecord
Validations
Validations have been moved from Active Record into Active Model, providing an interface to validations that works across ORM libraries in Rails 3.
- There is now a
validates :attribute, options_hash
shortcut method that allows you to pass options for all the validates class methods, you can pass more than one option to a validate method. - The
validates
method has the following options::acceptance => Boolean
.:confirmation => Boolean
.:exclusion => { :in => Enumerable }
.:inclusion => { :in => Enumerable }
.:format => { :with => Regexp, :on => :create }
.:length => { :maximum => Fixnum }
.:numericality => Boolean
.:presence => Boolean
.:uniqueness => Boolean
.
NOTE: All the Rails version 2.3 style validation methods are still supported in Rails 3.0, the new validates method is designed as an additional aid in your model validations, not a replacement for the existing API.
You can also pass in a validator object, which you can then reuse between objects that use Active Model:
class TitleValidator < ActiveModel::EachValidator
Titles = ['Mr.', 'Mrs.', 'Dr.']
def validate_each(record, attribute, value)
unless Titles.include?(value)
record.errors[attribute] << 'must be a valid title'
end
end
end
class Person
include ActiveModel::Validations
attr_accessor :title
validates :title, :presence => true, :title => true
end
# Or for Active Record
class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
validates :title, :presence => true, :title => true
end
There's also support for introspection:
User.validators
User.validators_on(:login)
More Information:
Active Record
Active Record received a lot of attention in Rails 3.0, including abstraction into Active Model, a full update to the Query interface using Arel, validation updates and many enhancements and fixes. All of the Rails 2.x API will be usable through a compatibility layer that will be supported until version 3.1.
Query Interface
Active Record, through the use of Arel, now returns relations on its core methods. The existing API in Rails 2.3.x is still supported and will not be deprecated until Rails 3.1 and not removed until Rails 3.2, however, the new API provides the following new methods that all return relations allowing them to be chained together:
where
- provides conditions on the relation, what gets returned.select
- choose what attributes of the models you wish to have returned from the database.group
- groups the relation on the attribute supplied.having
- provides an expression limiting group relations (GROUP BY constraint).joins
- joins the relation to another table.clause
- provides an expression limiting join relations (JOIN constraint).includes
- includes other relations pre-loaded.order
- orders the relation based on the expression supplied.limit
- limits the relation to the number of records specified.lock
- locks the records returned from the table.readonly
- returns an read only copy of the data.from
- provides a way to select relationships from more than one table.scope
- (previouslynamed_scope
) return relations and can be chained together with the other relation methods.with_scope
- andwith_exclusive_scope
now also return relations and so can be chained.default_scope
- also works with relations.
More Information:
Enhancements
- Added
:destroyed?
to Active Record objects. - Added
:inverse_of
to Active Record associations allowing you to pull the instance of an already loaded association without hitting the database.
Patches and Deprecations
Additionally, many fixes in the Active Record branch:
- SQLite 2 support has been dropped in favor of SQLite 3.
- MySQL support for column order.
- PostgreSQL adapter has had its
TIME ZONE
support fixed so it no longer inserts incorrect values. - Support multiple schemas in table names for PostgreSQL.
- PostgreSQL support for the XML data type column.
table_name
is now cached.- A large amount of work done on the Oracle adapter as well with many bug fixes.
As well as the following deprecations:
named_scope
in an Active Record class is deprecated and has been renamed to justscope
.- In
scope
methods, you should move to using the relation methods, instead of a:conditions => {}
finder method, for examplescope :since, lambda {|time| where("created_at > ?", time) }
. save(false)
is deprecated, in favor ofsave(:validate => false)
.- I18n error messages for Active Record should be changed from :en.activerecord.errors.template to
:en.errors.template
. model.errors.on
is deprecated in favor ofmodel.errors[]
- validates_presence_of => validates... :presence => true
ActiveRecord::Base.colorize_logging
andconfig.active_record.colorize_logging
are deprecated in favor ofRails::LogSubscriber.colorize_logging
orconfig.colorize_logging
NOTE: While an implementation of State Machine has been in Active Record edge for some months now, it has been removed from the Rails 3.0 release.
Active Resource
Active Resource was also extracted out to Active Model allowing you to use Active Resource objects with Action Pack seamlessly.
- Added validations through Active Model.
- Added observing hooks.
- HTTP proxy support.
- Added support for digest authentication.
- Moved model naming into Active Model.
- Changed Active Resource attributes to a Hash with indifferent access.
- Added
first
,last
andall
aliases for equivalent find scopes. find_every
now does not return aResourceNotFound
error if nothing returned.- Added
save!
which raisesResourceInvalid
unless the object isvalid?
. update_attribute
andupdate_attributes
added to Active Resource models.- Added
exists?
. - Renamed
SchemaDefinition
toSchema
anddefine_schema
toschema
. - Use the
format
of Active Resources rather than thecontent-type
of remote errors to load errors. - Use
instance_eval
for schema block. - Fix
ActiveResource::ConnectionError#to_s
when@response
does not respond to #code or #message, handles Ruby 1.9 compatibility. - Add support for errors in JSON format.
- Ensure
load
works with numeric arrays. - Recognizes a 410 response from remote resource as the resource has been deleted.
- Add ability to set SSL options on Active Resource connections.
- Setting connection timeout also affects
Net::HTTP
open_timeout
.
Deprecations:
save(false)
is deprecated, in favor ofsave(:validate => false)
.- Ruby 1.9.2:
URI.parse
and.decode
are deprecated and are no longer used in the library.
Active Support
A large effort was made in Active Support to make it cherry pickable, that is, you no longer have to require the entire Active Support library to get pieces of it. This allows the various core components of Rails to run slimmer.
These are the main changes in Active Support:
- Large clean up of the library removing unused methods throughout.
- Active Support no longer provides vendored versions of TZInfo, Memcache Client and Builder. These are all included as dependencies and installed via the
bundle install
command. - Safe buffers are implemented in ::ActiveSupport::SafeBuffer.
- Added
Array.uniq_by
andArray.uniq_by!
. - Removed
Array#rand
and backportedArray#sample
from Ruby 1.9. - Fixed bug on
TimeZone.seconds_to_utc_offset
returning wrong value. - Added ::ActiveSupport::Notifications middleware.
- ActiveSupport#use_standard_json_time_format now defaults to true.
- ActiveSupport#escape_html_entities_in_json now defaults to false.
- Integer#multiple_of? accepts zero as an argument, returns false unless the receiver is zero.
string.chars
has been renamed tostring.mb_chars
.- ::ActiveSupport::OrderedHash now can de-serialize through YAML.
- Added SAX-based parser for XmlMini, using LibXML and Nokogiri.
- Added Object#presence that returns the object if it's
#present?
otherwise returnsnil
. - Added String#exclude? core extension that returns the inverse of
#include?
. - Added
to_i
to DateTime in ActiveSupport soto_yaml
works correctly on models with DateTime attributes. - Added Enumerable#exclude? to bring parity to
Enumerable#include?
and avoid if!x.include?
. - Switch to on-by-default XSS escaping for rails.
- Support deep-merging in ::ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess.
- Enumerable#sum now works will all enumerables, even if they don't respond to
:size
. inspect
on a zero length duration returns '0 seconds' instead of empty string.- Add
element
andcollection
toModelName
. - String#to_time and String#to_datetime handle fractional seconds.
- Added support to new callbacks for around filter object that respond to
:before
and:after
used in before and after callbacks. - The
ActiveSupport::OrderedHash#to_a
method returns an ordered set of arrays. Matches Ruby 1.9'sHash#to_a
. - MissingSourceFile exists as a constant but it is now just equal to LoadError.
- Added Class#class_attribute, to be able to declare a class-level attribute whose value is inheritable and overwritable by subclasses.
- Finally removed
DeprecatedCallbacks
in ::ActiveRecord::Associations. Object#metaclass
is nowKernel#singleton_class
to match Ruby.
The following methods have been removed because they are now available in Ruby 1.8.7 and 1.9.
Integer#even?
andInteger#odd?
String#each_char
String#start_with?
andString#end_with?
(3rd person aliases still kept)String#bytesize
Object#tap
Symbol#to_proc
Object#instance_variable_defined?
Enumerable#none?
The security patch for REXML remains in Active Support because early patch-levels of Ruby 1.8.7 still need it. Active Support knows whether it has to apply it or not.
The following methods have been removed because they are no longer used in the framework:
Kernel#daemonize
Object#remove_subclasses_of
Object#extend_with_included_modules_from
,Object#extended_by
Class#remove_class
Regexp#number_of_captures
,Regexp.unoptionalize
,Regexp.optionalize
,Regexp#number_of_captures
Action Mailer
Action Mailer has been given a new API with TMail being replaced out with the new Mail as the email library. Action Mailer itself has been given an almost complete re-write with pretty much every line of code touched. The result is that Action Mailer now simply inherits from Abstract Controller and wraps the Mail gem in a Rails DSL. This reduces the amount of code and duplication of other libraries in Action Mailer considerably.
- All mailers are now in
app/mailers
by default. - Can now send email using new API with three methods:
attachments
,headers
andmail
. - Action Mailer now has native support for inline attachments using the
attachments.inline
method. - Action Mailer emailing methods now return
Mail::Message
objects, which can then be sent thedeliver
message to send itself. - All delivery methods are now abstracted out to the Mail gem.
- The mail delivery method can accept a hash of all valid mail header fields with their value pair.
- The
mail
delivery method acts in a similar way to Action Controller'srespond_to
, and you can explicitly or implicitly render templates. Action Mailer will turn the email into a multipart email as needed. - You can pass a proc to the
format.mime_type
calls within the mail block and explicitly render specific types of text, or add layouts or different templates. Therender
call inside the proc is from Abstract Controller and supports the same options. - What were mailer unit tests have been moved to functional tests.
- Action Mailer now delegates all auto encoding of header fields and bodies to Mail Gem
- Action Mailer will auto encode email bodies and headers for you
Deprecations:
:charset
,:content_type
,:mime_version
,:implicit_parts_order
are all deprecated in favor ofActionMailer.default :key => value
style declarations.- Mailer dynamic
create_method_name
anddeliver_method_name
are deprecated, just callmethod_name
which now returns aMail::Message
object. ActionMailer.deliver(message)
is deprecated, just callmessage.deliver
.template_root
is deprecated, pass options to a render call inside a proc from theformat.mime_type
method inside themail
generation block- The
body
method to define instance variables is deprecated (body {:ivar => value}
), just declare instance variables in the method directly and they will be available in the view. - Mailers being in
app/models
is deprecated, useapp/mailers
instead.
More Information:
Credits
See the full list of contributors to Rails for the many people who spent many hours making Rails 3. Kudos to all of them.
Rails 3.0 Release Notes were compiled by Mikel Lindsaar.


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Copyright 2019, Boaz Barak.
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licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Produced using pandoc and panflute with templates derived from gitbook and bookdown.


className: {{String(value)}}
with default class
custom class 1
custom class 2
custom class 3
custom class 4
disable with false
disable with null
disable with 0
disable with ''


US Commerce Sec Ross: I am optimistic we can get something done on China
by Ross J BurlandUS Commerce Secretary Ross is crossing the wires, speaking with Fox, and has said that he is optimistic they can get something done on China.
Key comments:
- We think there is hope we can get a deal with China done.
- Deal is still a work in progress.
FX implications:
There is no material impact expected on the market from these comments, coming from a man who has continually been a pessimist, outspoken about the 'serious structural issues' that the US has with China. There are mixed feelings of sentiment in the market with respect to the latest headlines surrounding trade between the US and China. On the one hand we have a US administration extending Huawei's license to do business with American companies, while on the other, there are still echoes of scepticism from China due to Trump's reluctance to scale back on tariffs. The Yen, Yuan and AUD are the usual proxy trade-offs.


Smoke Test
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A modder is adding cut Pokemon back into Sword and Shield
by Emily GeraSometimes you’ve just got to take matters in to your own hands.
Nintendo’s decision to limit just how many Pokemon you can catch in Pokemon Sword and Shield has proven controversial. But one modder has taken it upon themselves to turn things around: by adding these lost Pokemon into the game.
Modder SciresM showed off some of their early results on Twitter, including the newly added Pokemon Omastar which has been imported into the game with a bit of modding magic.
Using the editor PKHeX, SciresM has edited a Yamper and replaced its character model with Omastar – using a model imported from Let’s Go, Pikachu/Eevee. It took roughly an hour to do, they said, although some animations will require more work as the Let’s Go models don’t include animations for Dynamixing and other features specific to Sword and Shield.
As for Sword and Shield itself, we came away with mixed feelings in the VG247 Pokémon Sword and Shield review. It’s a game that’s “ambitious in places, seemingly unfinished in others”.
Games featured in this article


HTC Desire 19s launches in Taiwan with triple rear camera setup
by Rei PadlaThe Android community is always up-to-date when it comes to news about HTC. Just the other day, the HTC Binance EXODUS 1 phone with Binance Chain and DEX Support was introduced. It gives the Taiwanese tech giant an edge over the competition because there are not many cryptocurrency phones available. Not many OEMs have jumped into such category because not many people are still into cryptocurrency. The HTC Binance version is different from the HTC Exodus 1s that was also made ready with a hardware wallet and bitcoin node support last month.
Back in June, HTC announced the HTC U19e together with the HTC Desire 19+ as new mid-rangers. No sign of the HTC Desire 19 yet but here is another related variant–the HTC Desire 19s. Maybe the company is sticking with adding suffixes to the names now.
The HTC Desire 19s is another budget-friendly, entry-level Android phone currently available in Taiwan with a sub $200 price tag. It actually follows the HTC Desire 12s from 2018. That one camera with a dual rear camera system.
HTC’s latest smartphone comes equipped with a large 6.2-inch IPS display, HD+ resolution, 19:9 aspect ratio, waterdrop notch, and a 16MP selfie camera. On the top left part of the rear is a triple camera system that consists of a 13MP main camera with f/1.9 aperture, 5MP ultrawide with f/2.2, and 5MP depth sensor. Other specs include a headphone jack, NFC connectivity, USB Type-C port, and a 3850 mAh battery with 10W charging.
The HTC Desire 19s only runs on Android 9 Pie topped by HTC’s own Sense UI. It is powered by 3GB RAM and comes with a 32GB onboard storage with microSD card slot for memory expansion. A MediaTek Helio P22 processor also powers the mobile device.
The price tag in Taiwan reads TWD 5,990. Color options include Yashi Black and Free Blue. It is out in the Taiwanese market but no information if it will ever be released in other regions.


Wondering where to organize information about all your contacts?
Get started with My Contacts application which allows you to create contacts and store basic information about them.
You can also edit or delete a contact.
If you are not sure about deleting one, you can set the status to inactive instead.


{% extends "admin_layout.html" %} {% block page_header %}
These patterns are additional to those provided in the GOV Design System.
Where possible, the core patterns from the GOV Design System should be used in the first instance.
These patterns have been designed, built and tested specifically for use in Gambling Commission digital services.
Each pattern has guidance on use, sample code and an example of it's use.


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|
Boat Wallet
0.0.1
An Ethereum compatible wallet C SDK for IoT
|
Perform RAW transaction. More...
#include "wallet/boattypes.h"
#include "utilities/utility.h"
#include "wallet/boatwallet.h"
#include "web3/web3intf.h"
#include "wallet/rawtx.h"
Macros | |
| #define | RLP_STREAM_RESERVE_HEADER 9 |
Functions | |
| UINT8 * | RlpFieldEncode (BOAT_OUT UINT8 *rlp_output_ptr, UINT8 *field_ptr, UINT32 field_len, RlpFieldType field_type, BOATBOOL prefix_header_to_field) |
| Encode a field as per RLP encoding rules. More... | |
| UINT32 | TxRlpStreamSizeEstimate (TxInfo *tx_info_ctx_ptr) |
| This function estimates the encoded RLP stream's size for a transaction. More... | |
| BOAT_RESULT | RawtxPerform (BoatWalletInfo *boat_wallet_info_ptr, BOAT_INOUT TxInfo *tx_info_ctx_ptr) |
| Construct a raw transacton and encodes it as per RLP rules. More... | |
Perform RAW transaction.
rawtx.c contains functions to construct a raw transaction, serialize it with RLP, perform it and wait for its receipt.
| #define RLP_STREAM_RESERVE_HEADER 9 |
| BOAT_RESULT RawtxPerform | ( | BoatWalletInfo * | boat_wallet_info_ptr, |
| BOAT_INOUT TxInfo * | tx_info_ctx_ptr | ||
| ) |
Construct a raw transacton and encodes it as per RLP rules.
Function: RawtxPerform()
This function constructs a raw transacton and encodes it as per RLP rules. AN INTRODUCTION OF HOW RAW TRANSACTION IS CONSTRUCTED [FIELDS IN A RAW TRANSACTION] A RAW transaction consists of following 9 fields: 1. nonce; 2. gasprice; 3. gaslimit; 4. recipient; 5. value(optional); 6. data(optional); 7. v; 8. signature.r; 9. signature.s; These transaction fields are encoded as elements of a LIST in above order as per RLP encoding rules. "LIST" is a type of RLP field. EXCEPTION: For Ethereum any fields (except <recipient>) having a value of zero are treated as NULL stream in RLP encoding instead of 1-byte-size stream whose value is 0. For example, nonce = 0 is encoded as 0x80 which represents NULL instead of 0x00 which represents a 1-byte-size stream whose value is 0. [HOW TO CONSTRUCT A RAW TRANSACTION] A RAW transaction is constructed in 4 steps in different ways according to the blockchain network's EIP-155 compatibility. See following article for details about EIP-155: https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/EIPS/eip-155.md CASE 1: If the blockchain network does NOT support EIP-155: Step 1: Encode a LIST containing only the first 6 fields. Step 2: Calculate SHA3 hash of the encoded stream in Step 1. Step 3: Sign the hash in Step 2. This generates r, s and parity (0 or 1) for recovery identifier. Step 4: Encode a LIST containing all 9 fields, where First 6 fields are same as what they are; v = parity + 27, where parity is given in Step 3; r and s are given in Step 3. CASE 2: If the blockchain network DOES support EIP-155: Step 1: Encode all 9 fields (a LIST containing all 9 fields), where First 6 fields are same as what they are; v = Chain ID; r = 0; s = 0; NOTE: zero value fields other than <recipient> are encoded as NULL stream. Step 2: Same as CASE 1. Step 3: Same as CASE 1. Step 4: Encode a LIST containing all 9 fields, where First 6 fields are same as what they are; v = Chain ID * 2 + parity + 35, where parity is given in Step 3; r and s are given in Step 3.
| [in] | boat_wallet_info_ptr | A pointer to wallet infor structure. |
| [in] | tx_info_ctx_ptr | A pointer to the context of the transaction. |
| UINT8* RlpFieldEncode | ( | BOAT_OUT UINT8 * | rlp_output_ptr, |
| UINT8 * | field_ptr, | ||
| UINT32 | field_len, | ||
| RlpFieldType | field_type, | ||
| BOATBOOL | prefix_header_to_field | ||
| ) |
Encode a field as per RLP encoding rules.
Function: RlpFieldEncode()
This function encodes a field as per RLP encoding rules. The output encoded stream's length varies between <field_len> and <field_len> + 9 bytes. There are 3 possible types of RLP encoding structure as per RLP rules: 1. encoded = <field>, if field_len is 1 2. encoded = <1 byte prefix>|<field>, if field_len is in range [0,55] except 1 3. encoded = <1 byte prefix>|<field_len>|<field>, if field_len >= 56 where "|" means concatenaion. NOTE: In Case 3, <field_len> is represented in bigendian with leading zeros trimed. For example, 0x00000123 is represented as {0x01,0x23} in memory from low byte address to high byte address and sizeof(field_len) is 2 bytes. The maximum sizeof(field_len) RLP rules allowing is 8 bytes, which means the maximum length of a field is 2^64 - 1 bytes. Thus in maximum case the total length of the encoded output stream is (9 + field_len), including: <1 byte prefix> + <8 bytes field_len> + <field_len bytes of field data>. Yet because the length of a field is reasonably up to some kilo-bytes, thus sizeof(field_len) is typically 1 or 2 bytes. For simplicity, it's safe to allocate at least (9 + field_len) bytes to hold the output encoded result. RESTRICTION: Though RLP rules allow field length to be up to 2^64 - 1 bytes, this function restricts field length to no more than BOAT_REASONABLE_MAX_LEN bytes. RESTRICTION: This function doesn't support nested structure. To encode a nested structure, the caller should split it into multiple steps. Especially for a basic LIST structure such as [str0, str1], which is a LIST nesting 2 string elements, there is a way to improve performance. Basically the caller should split it into 3 steps: Step 1. encoded_a = encode(str1); Step 2. encoded_b = encode(str2); Step 3. encoded_result = encode([encoded_a | encoded_b]); To reduce the memory usage and avoid unnecessary memory copy, it's desired to place encoded_a and encoded_b continuously in memory and encode only the LIST header in Step 3 and prefix it to encoded_a|encoded_b. The caller should reserve at least 9 bytes for the LIST header. Thus the typical process looks like: Step 0 Reserve 9 bytes at the beginning of the RLP output buffer. | 9 bytes | Step 1.1 Calculate RLP header of str1 and save it after the 9 reserved bytes. | 9 bytes | header1 | Step 1.2 Copy str1 to RLP output buffer following its header. | 9 bytes | header1 | str1 | Step 2 Repeat similar steps for str2 and save it in RLP output buffer following str1. | 9 bytes | header1 |str1 | header2 | str2 | Step 3 Encode LIST header and save it in RLP output buffer before header1. RLP stream encoded in Step 1 and 2 are not copied. |LIST header| header1 |str1 | header2 | str2 | This function takes an argument <prefix_header_to_field> to control the behavior. If <prefix_header_to_field> is BOAT_TRUE, the header of <field_ptr> is encoded and prefixed to <field_ptr>. The caller should MAKE SURE there are at least 9 bytes reserved before the address specified by <field_ptr>. To avoid any accidently misuse of <prefix_header_to_field>, if it's set BOAT_TRUE, <rlp_output_ptr> MUST be NULL.
| [out] | rlp_output_ptr | The beginning address of the space to store encoded RLP stream. The caller should allocate enough space according to above description. If <prefix_header_to_field> is BOAT_TRUE, this argument MUST be NULL. |
| [in] | field_ptr | The address of the field to encode. |
| [in] | field_len | The length of <field_ptr> in bytes. |
| [in] | field_type | Either RLP_FIELD_TYPE_STRING or RLP_FIELD_TYPE_LIST. |
| [in] | prefix_header_to_field | BOAT_TURE: Only encode header of the field and prefix the header to <field_ptr>. To avoid accidently setting it BOAT_TRUE, <rlp_output_ptr> MUST be NULL in this case. It's used for encoding nested LIST. BOAT_FALSE: Normally encode header and field content. |
This function estimates the encoded RLP stream's size for a transaction.
Function: TxRlpStreamSizeEstimate()
This function estimates the encoded RLP stream's size for a transaction. It's safe to allocate a buffer of this size to hold RLP stream. As per RLP encoding rules an encoded field consists of a header up to 9 bytes and the field content itself. Thus the maximum possible size of an encoded field is <field_len> + 9 bytes. A raw transaction consisits 9 fields which are packed in a LIST and thus the estimated maximum size is: 9 bytes + (9 bytes * 9 fields) + sum of all fields' length where the first 9 bytes is the maximum size of the header of the LIST and the following (9 bytes * 9 fields) is the maximum sum of the 9 fields' header size. Because field v,r,s are calculated during constructing the transaction, their exact lengthes are unknown before the transaction is signed. Thus their lengthes are estimated using their maximum possible length.
| [in] | tx_info_ctx_ptr | A pointer to the transaction context. |


17BCS2154 (SHAGUN TIWARI) & (VIKALP UPADHYAY) 17BCS2150
THE INFLUENCER
Home
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17-CSE-10
Chandigarh University
Gharuan, Mohali (PB) 140413.
vikalpupadhyay@gmail.com


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Lagos Assembly suspends LG chairman over alleged misappropriation of N350m
by The Eagle OnlineThe Lagos State House of Assembly on Friday announced the suspension of the Chairman of Ifako/Ijaiye Local Government, Oloruntoba Oke, and three others over alleged misappropriation of N350 million.
The suspension was sequel a report submitted to the Assembly at plenary by Rotimi Olowo, the Chairman of an ad-hoc committee constituted to investigate the alleged misappropriation of funds in the council.
Olowo noted that the fund was approved in 2012 for the funding of five projects in the local government.
The lawmaker named others affected as the Council Manager, Treasurer and Engineer.
Contributing, Abiodun Tobun (Epe I) lamented that some council officials were working against the law, urging them to embark on projects that would improve the lives of the people.
Tobun, while supporting the suspension of the council chairman, said it would serve as deterrent to others who had it in mind to misappropriate funds allocated for project execution.
In his remark, Bisi Yusuff (Alimosho I) pointed out that the secretariat for which the loan was collected, amongst others, was still in a bad state.
Yusuff condemned what he called the inability of the Ministry of Local Government and Local Government Service Commission to monitor projects at the council.
He noted that it was their negligence that contributed to the misappropriation of funds in the council.
Also, Sanai Agunbiade, the Majority Leader, commended the six councillors in the council who petitioned the Assembly on the alleged misappropriation of funds for their courage.
Speaking, the Speaker of the Assembly, Mudashiru Obasa, said the chairman could not be suspended in isolation as other officials were also indicted in the report.
Mudashiru said the council’s Vice Chairman, Akanbi Hamzat, should take over its affairs.
—
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The ngAnimate
module provides support for JavaScript, CSS3 transition and CSS3 keyframe animation hooks within existing core and custom directives.
First include angular-animate.js
in your HTML:


|
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| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | ||||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
java.lang.Object | +--com.wesleyware.daowiz.Record
This is an object representation of a single DB record. This should be wrapped for each table with fields as static members and sets and gets for each field. Could be overridden to make most sets and gets public so that only fields would be needed Prefered usage is wrapping with sets and gets, so it looks like a normal bean.
| Constructor Summary | |
Record()
Constructs a record |
| Method Summary | |
protected abstract Field[] |
allFields()
Returns all fields in the record. |
protected abstract java.util.List |
choices(java.sql.Connection conn,
Field field)
This method returns a list of values possible for a fk field given the state of the object It should use the DAO of the referenced table to generate this list. |
void |
clear()
Clears out the record data |
protected void |
copyTo(Record dest)
Helper method for cloning record Clones all mutable values |
boolean |
create(java.sql.Connection conn)
Creates a new DB record |
protected abstract RecordDao |
dao()
Returns the dao associated with the record |
int |
dataCount()
The number of fields set in the record |
boolean |
dataEquals(Record recordIn)
Compares the data values to determine if record is an exact match |
void |
debug(java.io.PrintStream out)
Prints out all names and values to the given output stream |
int |
delete(java.sql.Connection conn)
Deletes a database record. |
boolean |
equals(java.lang.Object valueIn)
Compares the pk values to determine if record is a match If any pk fields are null the records do not match |
boolean |
exist(java.sql.Connection conn)
Checks if record exist. |
protected boolean |
exist(Field field)
Checks to see if this value has been set. |
protected java.lang.Long |
get(BigIntField field)
Returns the object value of a BigInt field |
protected java.lang.Boolean |
get(BooleanField field)
Returns the object value of a Boolean field |
protected java.lang.String |
get(CharField field)
Returns the value of a Char field |
protected java.sql.Date |
get(DateField field)
Returns the value of a Date field. |
protected java.math.BigDecimal |
get(DecimalField field)
Returns the value of a BigDecimal field |
protected java.lang.Double |
get(DoubleField field)
Returns the object value of a Double field |
protected java.lang.Double |
get(FloatField field)
Returns the object value of a Float field The SQL float field cooresponds to a java double. |
protected java.lang.Integer |
get(IntField field)
Returns the object value of an Integer field |
protected java.math.BigDecimal |
get(NumericField field)
Returns the value of a Numeric field |
protected java.lang.Float |
get(RealField field)
Returns the object value of a Real field |
protected java.lang.Short |
get(SmallIntField field)
Returns the object value of a Short field |
protected java.lang.String |
get(TextField field)
Returns the value of a Text field |
protected java.sql.Time |
get(TimeField field)
Returns the value of a Time field. |
protected java.sql.Timestamp |
get(TimeStampField field)
Returns the value of a Timestamp field. |
protected java.lang.String |
get(VarCharField field)
Returns the value of a VarChar field |
protected long |
getPrimitive(BigIntField field)
Returns the primitve value of a BigInt field |
protected boolean |
getPrimitive(BooleanField field)
Returns the primitive value of a Boolean field |
protected double |
getPrimitive(DoubleField field)
Returns the primitive value of a Double field |
protected double |
getPrimitive(FloatField field)
Returns the primitive value of a Float field. |
protected int |
getPrimitive(IntField field)
Returns the primitive value of an Integer field |
protected float |
getPrimitive(RealField field)
Returns the primitive value of a Real field |
protected short |
getPrimitive(SmallIntField field)
Returns the primitive value of a Short field |
protected java.lang.Object |
getValue(Field field)
Returns the value of the given given field. |
boolean |
isValid()
Indicates if all values are valid based on constraints |
protected java.util.Iterator |
keyIterator()
This method should/must remain protected, and the returned value should not be mutated. |
boolean |
load(java.sql.Connection conn)
Fully loads the record with the given primary key. |
protected abstract Field[] |
primaryKeyFields()
Returns all primary key fields in the record. |
protected abstract java.lang.String |
recordName()
Returns the name of the DB table that this object represents |
protected abstract Record |
reference(java.sql.Connection conn,
Field field)
This method returns the record referenced by the given field The Data Object of the referenced class should be used to load itself |
protected boolean |
remove(Field field)
Removes a field and cooresponding value from record |
int |
save(java.sql.Connection conn)
Saves the record. |
java.util.List |
search(java.sql.Connection conn,
boolean exact)
Searches for records matching the given record |
protected boolean |
set(BigIntField field,
long value)
Set the value of a BigInt field |
protected boolean |
set(BigIntField field,
java.lang.Long value)
Set the value of a BigInt field |
protected boolean |
set(BooleanField field,
boolean value)
Set the value of a Boolean field |
protected boolean |
set(BooleanField field,
java.lang.Boolean value)
Set the value of a Boolean field |
protected boolean |
set(CharField field,
java.lang.String value)
Set the value of a Char field |
protected boolean |
set(DateField field,
java.util.Date value)
Set the value of a Date field |
protected boolean |
set(DecimalField field,
java.math.BigDecimal value)
Set the value of a Decimal field |
protected boolean |
set(DoubleField field,
double value)
Set the value of a Double field |
protected boolean |
set(DoubleField field,
java.lang.Double value)
Set the value of a Double field |
protected boolean |
set(FloatField field,
double value)
Set the value of a Float field The SQL float field cooresponds to a java double. |
protected boolean |
set(FloatField field,
java.lang.Double value)
Set the value of a Float field The SQL float field cooresponds to a java double. |
protected boolean |
set(IntField field,
int value)
Set the value of a Int field |
protected boolean |
set(IntField field,
java.lang.Integer value)
Set the value of a Int field |
protected boolean |
set(NumericField field,
java.math.BigDecimal value)
Set the value of a Numeric field |
protected boolean |
set(RealField field,
float value)
Set the value of a Float field |
protected boolean |
set(RealField field,
java.lang.Float value)
Set the value of a Real field |
protected boolean |
set(SmallIntField field,
short value)
Set the value of a SmallInt field |
protected boolean |
set(SmallIntField field,
java.lang.Short value)
Set the value of a SmallInt field |
protected boolean |
set(TextField field,
java.lang.String value)
Set the value of a Text field |
protected boolean |
set(TimeField field,
java.util.Date value)
Set the value of a Time field The given value will not reference the value stored in the record. |
protected boolean |
set(TimeStampField field,
java.util.Date value)
Set the value of a Timestamp field The given value will not reference the value stored in the record. |
protected boolean |
set(VarCharField field,
java.lang.String value)
Set the value of a VarChar field |
protected void |
setValue(Field field,
java.lang.Object value)
Sets the value without any validation. |
int |
update(java.sql.Connection conn)
Updates a database record. |
int |
updatePK(java.sql.Connection conn,
Record newRecord)
Changes the primary key of a record |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
clone, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Constructor Detail |
public Record()
| Method Detail |
protected abstract RecordDao dao()
protected abstract java.lang.String recordName()
protected abstract Field[] allFields()
protected abstract Field[] primaryKeyFields()
protected abstract java.util.List choices(java.sql.Connection conn, Field field) throws java.sql.SQLException
conn
- an active DB connectionfield
- the field whose possible values will be returned
java.sql.SQLException
protected abstract Record reference(java.sql.Connection conn, Field field) throws java.sql.SQLException
conn
- an active DB connectionfield
- the field whose value references this record
java.sql.SQLException
public boolean exist(java.sql.Connection conn) throws java.sql.SQLException
conn
- an active DB connection
java.sql.SQLException
public int save(java.sql.Connection conn) throws java.sql.SQLException
conn
- an active DB connection
java.sql.SQLException
public boolean create(java.sql.Connection conn) throws java.sql.SQLException
conn
- an active DB connection
java.sql.SQLException
public int update(java.sql.Connection conn) throws java.sql.SQLException
conn
- an active DB connection
java.sql.SQLException
public int delete(java.sql.Connection conn) throws java.sql.SQLException
conn
- an active DB connection
java.sql.SQLException
public int updatePK(java.sql.Connection conn, Record newRecord) throws java.sql.SQLException
conn
- an active DB connectionnewRecord
- record with new primary key values set
java.sql.SQLException
public boolean load(java.sql.Connection conn) throws java.sql.SQLException
conn
- an action DB connection
java.sql.SQLException
public java.util.List search(java.sql.Connection conn, boolean exact) throws java.sql.SQLException
conn
- an active DB connectionexact
- indicator of if the matches must be exact.
java.sql.SQLException
protected boolean remove(Field field)
protected boolean exist(Field field)
field
-
public void clear()
protected final java.util.Iterator keyIterator()
protected void copyTo(Record dest)
dest
- the clonepublic void debug(java.io.PrintStream out)
public boolean isValid()
public int dataCount()
public boolean dataEquals(Record recordIn)
recordIn
- the value to compare
public boolean equals(java.lang.Object valueIn)
equals
in class java.lang.Object
protected final void setValue(Field field, java.lang.Object value) throws java.lang.NullPointerException
field
- the DB field being setvalue
- the value being set
java.lang.NullPointerException
protected boolean set(BigIntField field, java.lang.Long value)
field
- the DB field being setvalue
- the object value to be set
protected boolean set(BigIntField field, long value)
field
- the DB field being setvalue
- the primitive value to be set
protected boolean set(CharField field, java.lang.String value)
field
- the DB field being setvalue
- the value to be set
protected boolean set(DateField field, java.util.Date value)
field
- the DB field being setvalue
- the value to be set
protected boolean set(DecimalField field, java.math.BigDecimal value)
field
- the DB field being setvalue
- the value to be set
protected boolean set(RealField field, java.lang.Float value)
field
- the DB field being setvalue
- the object value to be set
protected boolean set(RealField field, float value)
field
- the DB field being setvalue
- the primitive value to be set
protected boolean set(FloatField field, java.lang.Double value)
field
- the DB field being setvalue
- the object value to be set
protected boolean set(FloatField field, double value)
field
- the DB field being setvalue
- the primitive value to be set
protected boolean set(DoubleField field, java.lang.Double value)
field
- the DB field being setvalue
- the object value to be set
protected boolean set(DoubleField field, double value)
field
- the DB field being setvalue
- the primitive value to be set
protected boolean set(IntField field, java.lang.Integer value)
field
- the DB field being setvalue
- the object value to be set
protected boolean set(IntField field, int value)
field
- the DB field being setvalue
- the primitive value to be set
protected boolean set(NumericField field, java.math.BigDecimal value)
field
- the DB field being setvalue
- the value to be set
protected boolean set(SmallIntField field, java.lang.Short value)
field
- the DB field being setvalue
- the object value to be set
protected boolean set(SmallIntField field, short value)
field
- the DB field being setvalue
- the primitive value to be set
protected boolean set(TimeField field, java.util.Date value)
field
- the DB field being setvalue
- the value to be set
protected boolean set(TimeStampField field, java.util.Date value)
field
- the DB field being setvalue
- the value to be set
protected boolean set(VarCharField field, java.lang.String value)
field
- the DB field being setvalue
- the value to be set
protected boolean set(TextField field, java.lang.String value)
field
- the DB field being setvalue
- the value to be set
protected boolean set(BooleanField field, java.lang.Boolean value)
field
- the DB field being setvalue
- the object value to be set
protected boolean set(BooleanField field, boolean value)
field
- the DB field being setvalue
- the primitive value to be set
protected final java.lang.Object getValue(Field field)
field
- the field whose value should be retreived.
protected java.lang.Long get(BigIntField field)
field
- the field whose value should be returned
protected long getPrimitive(BigIntField field)
field
- the field whose value should be returned
protected java.lang.String get(CharField field)
field
- the field whose value should be returned
protected java.sql.Date get(DateField field)
field
- the field whose value should be returned
protected java.math.BigDecimal get(DecimalField field)
field
- the field whose value should be returned
protected java.lang.Double get(DoubleField field)
field
- the field whose value should be returned
protected double getPrimitive(DoubleField field)
field
- the field whose value should be returned
protected java.lang.Double get(FloatField field)
field
- the field whose value should be returned
protected double getPrimitive(FloatField field)
field
- the field whose value should be returned
protected java.lang.Float get(RealField field)
field
- the field whose value should be returned
protected float getPrimitive(RealField field)
field
- the field whose value should be returned
protected java.lang.Integer get(IntField field)
field
- the field whose value should be returned
protected int getPrimitive(IntField field)
field
- the field whose value should be returned
protected java.math.BigDecimal get(NumericField field)
field
- the field whose value should be returned
protected java.lang.Short get(SmallIntField field)
field
- the field whose value should be returned
protected short getPrimitive(SmallIntField field)
field
- the field whose value should be returned
protected java.sql.Time get(TimeField field)
field
- the field whose value should be returned
protected java.sql.Timestamp get(TimeStampField field)
field
- the field whose value should be returned
protected java.lang.String get(VarCharField field)
field
- the field whose value should be returned
protected java.lang.String get(TextField field)
field
- the field whose value should be returned
protected java.lang.Boolean get(BooleanField field)
field
- the field whose value should be returned
protected boolean getPrimitive(BooleanField field)
field
- the field whose value should be returned
|
|||||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | ||||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |


To create concept logo design for the company I took into account the following elements:
As it was mentioned in the brief, the function of record companies has changed dramatically in the past 2 decades with the advancement of technology.
Before the focus of record companies was centered on the physical production of the object, such as fabricating vinyl records or CDs. Today, the task is to assist clients in financing, marketing and distributing their goods. Meanwhile, the iconic objects like vinyl records still serve as representations of music and composition. Thus, imitating vinyl record through the repetition of circles in a geometrical sequence gives an instant understanding that the company is operating in the magnetic sphere of music.
By taking the vision of the company as a core for inspiration, the logo also illustrates a concept of a maze, the entrance of which, the so-called “front door” is sealed. In order to get to the heart of the vinyl record, one can take a more direct and innovative approach by using the BACKDOOR®. The design illustrates the latter concept of our contemporary record company in a simple yet symbolic way.
The principle colors of the logo are B&W. Using black and white gamma provides a modest and, at the same time, powerful spatial perception. Black background enhances the white circumferences of the maze adding depth and complexity to the image. Further developing the concept of vinyl re- cord as the portrayal of music and composition, the usage of red color on the letters “O” serves as a tool to force persons juxtapose the logo and the red center of the vinyl record.


These Terms of Use ("Terms") govern your use of our website located at lifetimepa.com.au ("Site") and form a binding contractual agreement between you, the user of the Site and us, Bernard Boodeea Pty Ltd (ACN 607 898 297), trading as Lifetime PA. For that reason these Terms are important and you should ensure that you read them carefully and contact us with any questions before you use the Site. You can contact us at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>By registering for, accessing or using the Site, you acknowledge that you have read, accepted and agreed to be legally bound by these Terms and any notices, protocols or guidelines appearing on or in connection with the Site, as amended from time to time. Any such notices, protocols or guidelines are hereby incorporated by reference as part of these Terms.
You acknowledge and agree that your access to, and use of, this Site is on an 'as is, as available', basis. TaskSpur is in no way liable for your failure to access and otherwise use this Site.
If you do not agree to the Terms, please do not use the Site.
1. Licence to use Site
1.1 We grant you a non-exclusive, worldwide, non-transferable licence to use the Site in accordance with the terms and conditions set out in this Agreement.
1.2 You may access and use the Site (including any incidental copying that occurs as part of that use) in the normal manner and may also print one copy of any page within the Site for your own personal, non-commercial use.
1.3 You must not add any content to the Site:
(a) unless you hold all necessary rights, licences and consents to do so;
(b) that would cause you or us to breach any law, regulation, rule, code or other legal obligation;
(c) that is, or could reasonably be considered to be, obscene, inappropriate, defamatory, disparaging, indecent, seditious, offensive, pornographic, threatening, abusive, liable to incite racial hatred, discriminatory, blasphemous, in breach of confidence or in breach of privacy;
(d) that would bring us, or the Site, into disrepute; or
(e) that infringes the intellectual property or other rights of any person.
1.4 One of the features of the Site is having your personal assistant help you while talking or writing to it. By using Ari or Dictation, you agree and consent to TaskSpur’s and its agents’ transmission, collection, maintenance, processing, and use of information, including your voice input and User Data, to provide and improve Ari, Dictation, and dictation functionality in other products and services.
1.5 The Site contains links to other websites as well as content added by people other than us. We do not endorse, sponsor or approve any such user generated content or any content available on any linked website.
1.6 You acknowledge and agree that:
(a) we retain complete editorial control over the Site and may alter, amend or cease the operation of the Site at any time in our sole discretion; and
(b) the Site will not operate on a continuous basis, and may be unavailable from time to time (including for maintenance purposes).
2.1 Our Privacy Policy is incorporated into these terms by reference.
2.2 Our Privacy Policy is available for you to read at [insert link].
3.1 Nothing in these Terms constitutes a transfer of any intellectual property rights. You acknowledge and agree that, as between you and us, we own all intellectual property rights in the Site.
3.2 By posting or adding any content onto the Site, you grant us a perpetual, non-exclusive, royalty-free, irrevocable, worldwide and transferable right and licence to use that content in any way (including, without limitation, by reproducing, changing, and communicating the content to the public) and permit us to authorise any other person to do the same thing.
3.3 You consent to any act or omission which would otherwise constitute an infringement of your moral rights, and if you add any content in which any third party has moral rights, you must also ensure that the third party also consents in the same manner.
3.4 The licence in clause 3.2 will survive any termination of these Terms.
3.5 You represent and warrant to us that you have all necessary rights to grant the licences and consents set out in clauses 3.2 and 3.3.
You represent and warrant to us that:
(a) you have the legal capacity to enter these Terms;
(b) you are responsible for all activities that occur under your username and password; and
(c) you have complied, and will continue to comply, with clause 1.3.
5.1 To the full extent permitted by law, we exclude all liability in respect of loss of data, interruption of business or any consequential or incidental damages.
5.2 To the full extent permitted by law, we exclude all representations, warranties or terms (whether express or implied) other than those expressly set out in these Terms.
5.3 These Terms are to be read subject to any legislation which prohibits or restricts the exclusion, restriction or modification of any implied warranties, conditions, guarantees or obligations. If such legislation applies, to the extent possible, we limit our liability in respect of any claim to, at our option:
(a) in the case of goods:
(i) the replacement of the goods or the supply of equivalent goods;
(ii) the repair of the goods;
(iii) the payment of the cost of replacing the goods or of acquiring equivalent goods; or
(iv) the payment of having the goods repaired, and
(b) in the case of services:
(i) the supply of the services again; or
(ii) the payment of the cost of having the services supplied again.
6.1 These Terms terminate automatically if, for any reason, we cease to operate the Site.
6.2 We may otherwise terminate these Terms immediately, without notice to you, if you have breached these Terms in any way.
7.1 You must not assign, sublicence or otherwise deal in any other way with any of your rights under these Terms.
7.2 If a provision of these Terms is invalid or unenforceable it is to be read down or severed to the extent necessary without affecting the validity or enforceability of the remaining provisions.
7.3 Each party must at its own expense do everything reasonably necessary to give full effect to this Agreement and the events contemplated by it.
7.4 This Agreement is governed by the laws of New South Wales, Australia and each party submits to the jurisdiction of the courts of New South Wales, Australia.


"""Concrete implementation of Credential Wrapper providing
a wrapper that uses AES to wrap the credential source
Classes:
* :class:`AESCredentialWrapper`
"""
"""
© Copyright 2020-2021 University of Surrey
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
"""
import os
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import keywrap
from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
from ctap.credential_source import PublicKeyCredentialSource
from crypto.credential_wrapper import CredentialWrapper
[docs]class AESCredentialWrapper(CredentialWrapper):
"""An implementation of an AES based Credential Wrapper
This can be used to encrypt and decrypt a PublicKeyCredentialSource
"""
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.name = "AES"
[docs] def wrap(self, key:bytes, credential:PublicKeyCredentialSource)->bytes:
"""wraps a PublicKeyCredentialSource in an encrypted block.
This is used for a non-resident key.
Args:
key (bytes): AES Key
credential (PublicKeyCredentialSource): credential to wrap
Returns:
bytes: Encrypted credential
"""
return keywrap.aes_key_wrap_with_padding(key,credential.get_bytes(True),default_backend())
[docs] def unwrap(self, key:bytes, wrapped_credential:bytes)->PublicKeyCredentialSource:
"""unwraps by decrypting a wrapped credential
Args:
key (bytes): AES key
wrapped_credential (bytes): Encrypted credential to decrypt
Returns:
PublicKeyCredentialSource: Decrypted PublicKeyCredentialSource
"""
unwrapped = keywrap.aes_key_unwrap_with_padding(key,wrapped_credential,default_backend())
cred = PublicKeyCredentialSource()
cred.from_bytes(unwrapped,True)
cred.set_id(wrapped_credential)
return cred
[docs] def generate_key(self)->bytes:
"""Generates a new wrapping key by selecting 32 bytes at random
Returns:
bytes: 32 bytes at random to use as an AES key
"""
return os.urandom(32)


A non-blocking HTTPS Server based on the TCPServer class. Supports HTTP/1.0 and HTTP/1.1. Includes SSL support.
HTTPServer based on TCPServer, IOStream and IOLoop classes. This class is used by the turbo.web.Application class to serve its RequestHandlers. The server itself is only responsible for handling incoming requests, no response to the request is produced, that is the purpose of the request callback given as argument on initialization. The callback recieves the HTTPRequest class instance produced for the incoming request and can by data provided in that instance decide on how it want to respond to the client. The callback must produce a valid HTTP response header and optionally a response body and use the turbo.web.HTTPRequest:write method. The server supports SSL, HTTP/1.1 Keep-Alive and optionally HTTP/1.0 Keep-Alive if the header field is specified.
Only use this class if you wish to have full control of things. Otherwise use the wrapper turbo.web.Application!
Example usage of HTTPServer:
local httpserver = require('turbo.httpserver')
local ioloop = require('turbo.ioloop')
local ioloop_instance = ioloop.instance()
function handle_request(request)
local message = "You requested: " .. request.path
request:write("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Length:" .. message:len() .. "\r\n\r\n")
request:write(message)
request:finish()
end
http_server = httpserver.HTTPServer:new(handle_request)
http_server:listen(8888)
ioloop_instance:start()
Create a new HTTPServer class instance.
| Parameters: |
|
|---|
Available keyword arguments:
read_body - Automatically read, and parse any request body. Default is true. If set to false, the user must read the body from the connection himself. Not reading a body in the case of a keep-alive request may lead to undefined behaviour. The body should be read or connection closed.
max_header_size - The maximum amount of bytes a header can be. If exceeded, request is dropped.
max_body_size - The maxium amount of bytes a request body can be. If exceeded, request is dropped. HAS NO EFFECT IF read_body IS FALSE.
key_file - SSL key file if a SSL enabled server is wanted, cert_file - Certificate file.
General note regarding callbacks for all write methods: If you do writes before the previous callback has been called it is replaced with the new callback. If there is no callback defined in consequtive calls, the old callback is simply removed.
Represents a HTTP request to the server.
This class has some attributes that can be accessed:
method: (String) HTTP Request method. Also available in the headers attribute. version: (String) HTTP Version uri: (String) Uniform Resource Identifier path: (String) Request URL headers: turbo.httputil.HTTPHeaders class instance of the request headers. body: (String) The raw payload of the request, if any. connection: turbo.httpserver.HTTPConection class instance for this request. files: (Table) Files sent, file name is key and contents is its value. host: (String) Host IP arguments: (Table) Raw arguments table. The turbo.web.RequestHandler have convience methods for accessing these.
Return the time used to handle the request or the time up to now if request not finished.
| Return type: | (Number) Milliseconds the request took to finish, or up until now if not yet completed. |
|---|
Return the full URL that the user requested.
| Return type: | String |
|---|
Writes a chunk of output to the stream.
| Parameters: |
|
|---|
Write the given turbo.structs.buffer to the underlying stream.
| Parameters: |
|
|---|
Write a Buffer class instance without copying it into the underlying IOStream’s internal buffer. Some considerations has to be done when using this. Any prior calls to HTTPConnection:write or HTTPConnection:write_buffer must have completed before this method can be used. The zero copy write must complete before any other writes may be done. Also the buffer class should not be modified while the write is being completed. Failure to follow these advice will lead to undefined behaviour.
| Parameters: |
|
|---|
Finishes request.
Returns true if requester supports HTTP 1.1
| Return type: | Boolean |
|---|
Represents a live connection to the server. Basically a helper class to HTTPServer. It uses the IOStream class’s callbacks to handle the different sections of a HTTP request.
Writes a chunk of output to the stream.
| Parameters: |
|
|---|
Write the given turbo.structs.buffer to the underlying stream.
| Parameters: |
|
|---|
Write a Buffer class instance without copying it into the underlying IOStream’s internal buffer. Some considerations has to be done when using this. Any prior calls to HTTPConnection:write or HTTPConnection:write_buffer must have completed before this method can be used. The zero copy write must complete before any other writes may be done. Also the buffer class should not be modified while the write is being completed. Failure to follow these advice will lead to undefined behaviour.
| Parameters: |
|
|---|
Finishes request.


[[understanding_code#understanding code]]
Ontologies are used for formal representation of domain knowledge.
This approach enables us to take into account th e “dual nature” of computer programs, which can be considered as both syntactic entities (well-formed expressions in a programming language) and artefacts whose function is to enable computers to process information.
There are two complexities to be mastered:
elements of a computer program:
there are temporal entities (program executions), physical entities (inscriptions on files), plural entities (code base), functional entities (program execution platforms) and dual nature (syntactic and functional entities—the programs themselves)
in this sense, progranms are expressions
but there is also a functional dimension, always looming in the background
conceptualization:


| Package | Description |
|---|---|
| org.ardenus.input.controller.keyboard |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
static void |
KeyboardController.excludeKeysFromBitmap(KeyboardKey... keys)
Excludes the specified keys from the being modified when using the bitmap
based
setKeyboardColor() methods. |
static void |
KeyboardController.flashKeyboardColor(java.awt.Color color,
int duration,
int interval)
Flashes all of the keys on the keyboard color based on the specified
color, duration, and interval.
|
static void |
KeyboardController.flashKeyboardColor(int color,
int duration,
int interval)
Flashes all of the keys on the keyboard color based on the specified
color, duration, and interval.
|
static void |
KeyboardController.flashKeyboardColor(int red,
int green,
int blue,
int duration,
int interval)
Flashes all of the keys on the keyboard color based on the specified RGB,
duration, and interval values.
|
static void |
KeyboardController.flashKeyColor(KeyboardKey key,
java.awt.Color color,
int duration,
int interval)
Flashes the specified key on the keyboard based on the specified color,
duration, and interval.
|
static void |
KeyboardController.flashKeyColor(KeyboardKey key,
int color,
int duration,
int interval)
Flashes the specified key on the keyboard based on the specified color,
duration, and interval.
|
static void |
KeyboardController.flashKeyColor(KeyboardKey key,
int red,
int green,
int blue,
int duration,
int interval)
Flashes the specified key on the keyboard based on the specified RGB,
duration, and interval values.
|
static void |
KeyboardController.pulseKeyboardColor(java.awt.Color startColor,
java.awt.Color finishColor,
int duration,
boolean infinite)
Pulses all of the keys on the keyboard color based on the specified
color, duration, and interval.
|
static void |
KeyboardController.pulseKeyboardColor(java.awt.Color color,
int duration,
int interval)
Pulses all of the keys on the keyboard color based on the specified
color, duration, and interval.
|
static void |
KeyboardController.pulseKeyboardColor(int color,
int duration,
int interval)
Pulses all of the keys on the keyboard color based on the specified
color, duration, and interval.
|
static void |
KeyboardController.pulseKeyboardColor(int startColor,
int finishColor,
int duration,
boolean infinite)
Pulses all of the keys on the keyboard color based on the specified
color, duration, and interval.
|
static void |
KeyboardController.pulseKeyboardColor(int red,
int green,
int blue,
int duration,
int interval)
Pulses all of the keys on the keyboard color based on the specified RGB,
duration, and interval values.
|
static void |
KeyboardController.pulseKeyboardColor(int startRed,
int startGreen,
int startBlue,
int finishRed,
int finishGreen,
int finishBlue,
int duration,
boolean infinite)
Pulses all of the keys on the keyboard color based on the specified RGB,
duration, and interval values.
|
static void |
KeyboardController.pulseKeyColor(KeyboardKey key,
java.awt.Color startColor,
java.awt.Color finishColor,
int duration,
boolean infinite)
Pulses the specified key on the keyboard based on the specified color,
duration, and interval.
|
static void |
KeyboardController.pulseKeyColor(KeyboardKey key,
int startColor,
int finishColor,
int duration,
boolean infinite)
Pulses the specified key on the keyboard based on the specified color,
duration, and interval.
|
static void |
KeyboardController.pulseKeyColor(KeyboardKey key,
int startRed,
int startGreen,
int startBlue,
int finishRed,
int finishGreen,
int finishBlue,
int duration,
boolean infinite)
Pulses the specified key on the keyboard based on the specified RGB,
duration, and interval values.
|
static void |
KeyboardController.resetKeyboardColor()
Resets all of the keyboard colors.
|
static void |
KeyboardController.resetKeyColor(KeyboardKey key)
Resets the color of specified key.
|
static void |
KeyboardController.resetKeyEffects(KeyboardKey key)
Resets the effects and restores the color of the specified key.
|
static void |
KeyboardController.setKeyboardColor(java.awt.image.BufferedImage image,
java.awt.Color... gKeys)
Sets all of the keys on the keyboard color based on the specified image.
|
static void |
KeyboardController.setKeyboardColor(java.awt.image.BufferedImage image,
int... gKeys)
Sets all of the keys on the keyboard color based on the specified image.
|
static void |
KeyboardController.setKeyboardColor(byte[] bitmap,
java.awt.Color... gKeys)
Sets all of the keys on the keyboard color based on the specified bitmap.
|
static void |
KeyboardController.setKeyboardColor(byte[] bitmap,
int... gKeys)
Sets all of the keys on the keyboard color based on the specified bitmap.
|
static void |
KeyboardController.setKeyboardColor(java.awt.Color color)
Sets all of the keys on the keyboard color based on the specified color.
|
static void |
KeyboardController.setKeyboardColor(java.awt.Color[] colors,
java.awt.Color... gKeys)
Sets all of the keys on the keyboard color based on the specified colors.
|
static void |
KeyboardController.setKeyboardColor(int color)
Sets all of the keys on the keyboard color based on the specified color.
|
static void |
KeyboardController.setKeyboardColor(int[] colors,
int[] gKeys)
Sets all of the keys on the keyboard color based on the specified colors.
|
static void |
KeyboardController.setKeyboardColor(int red,
int green,
int blue)
Sets all of the keys on the keyboard color based on the specified RGB
values.
|
static void |
KeyboardController.setKeyColor(KeyboardKey key,
java.awt.Color color)
Sets the color of the specified key on the keyboard based on the
specified color.
|
static void |
KeyboardController.setKeyColor(KeyboardKey key,
int red,
int green,
int blue)
Sets the color of the specified key on the keyboard based on the
specified RGB values.
|
static void |
KeyboardController.stopKeyboardEffects()
Resets all of the keyboard effects and restores the keyboard colors.
|


Innovative & Modern Template. Responsive, One Page, Bootstrap3.
HTML5 and CSS3
Mobile Apps Development
Software Development
Search Engine Optimization
Contrary to popular belief, Lorem Ipsum is not simply random text.  Richard McClintock, a Latin professor at Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia, looked up one of the more obscure Latin words, consectetur, from a Lorem Ipsum passage, and going through the cites of the word in classical literature, discovered the undoubtable source.
Lorem Ipsum comes from sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum" (The Extremes of Good and Evil) by Cicero, written in 45 BC. This book is a treatise on the theory of ethics, very popular during the Renaissance. The first line of Lorem Ipsum, "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet..", comes from a line in section 1.10.32.
A Project
A Project
A Project
A Project
A Project
A Project
A Project
A Project
A Project
A Project
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet enim. Etiam ullamcorper. Suspendisse a pellentesque dui, non felis. Maecenas malesuada elit lectus felis.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet enim. Etiam ullamcorper. Suspendisse a pellentesque dui, non felis. Maecenas malesuada elit lectus felis.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet enim. Etiam ullamcorper. Suspendisse a pellentesque dui, non felis. Maecenas malesuada elit lectus felis.
Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur sedits aut odit fugit, sed quia magni dolores eos qui ratione sequi nesciunt.


FastHttpApi http and websocket api
Orders
Employees
First Name
Last Name
Title
Address
City
HomePhone
Submit


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Come thou fount of every blessing
Manage Business Ventures
Work at home
Manage Business Ventures
The Lord has made every pro- vision for our happiness in the future life, but He has made no revelations regarding these plans, and we are not to speculate con- cerning them. Neither are we to measure the conditions of the future life by the conditions of this life.