Complex multiplication for elliptic curves#
This module implements the functions
hilbert_class_polynomial
is_HCP
cm_j_invariants
cm_orders
discriminants_with_bounded_class_number
cm_j_invariants_and_orders
largest_fundamental_disc_with_class_number
is_cm_j_invariant
AUTHORS:
Robert Bradshaw
John Cremona
William Stein
- sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.cm.OrderClassNumber(D0, h0, f)#
Return the class number h(f**2 * D0), given h(D0)=h0.
INPUT:
D0
(integer) – a negative fundamental discriminanth0
(integer) – the class number of the (maximal) imaginary quadratic order of discriminantD0
f
(integer) – a positive integer
OUTPUT:
(integer) the class number of the imaginary quadratic order of discriminant
D0*f**2
ALGORITHM:
- We use the formula for the class number of the order \(\mathcal{O}_{D}\) in terms of the class number of the
maximal order \(\mathcal{O}_{D_0}\); see [Cox1989] Theorem 7.24:
\[h(D) = \frac{h(D_0)f}{[\mathcal{O}_{D_0}^\times:\mathcal{O}_{D}^\times]}\prod_{p\,|\,f}\left(1-\left(\frac{D_0}{p}\right)\frac{1}{p}\right)\]EXAMPLES:
sage: from sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.cm import OrderClassNumber sage: D0 = -4 sage: h = D0.class_number() sage: [OrderClassNumber(D0,h,f) for f in srange(1,20)] [1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 4, 6, 4, 6, 8, 6, 8, 8, 8, 8, 12, 10] sage: all([OrderClassNumber(D0,h,f) == (D0*f**2).class_number() for f in srange(1,20)]) True
- sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.cm.cm_j_invariants(proof=None)#
Return a list of all CM \(j\)-invariants in the field \(K\).
INPUT:
K
– a number fieldproof
– (default: proof.number_field())
OUTPUT:
(list) – A list of CM \(j\)-invariants in the field \(K\).
EXAMPLES:
sage: cm_j_invariants(QQ) [-262537412640768000, -147197952000, -884736000, -12288000, -884736, -32768, -3375, 0, 1728, 8000, 54000, 287496, 16581375]
Over imaginary quadratic fields there are no more than over \(QQ\):
sage: cm_j_invariants(QuadraticField(-1, 'i')) # optional - sage.rings.number_field [-262537412640768000, -147197952000, -884736000, -12288000, -884736, -32768, -3375, 0, 1728, 8000, 54000, 287496, 16581375]
Over real quadratic fields there may be more, for example:
sage: len(cm_j_invariants(QuadraticField(5, 'a'))) # optional - sage.rings.number_field 31
Over number fields K of many higher degrees this also works:
sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x') sage: K.<a> = NumberField(x^3 - 2) # optional - sage.rings.number_field sage: cm_j_invariants(K) # optional - sage.rings.number_field [-262537412640768000, -147197952000, -884736000, -884736, -32768, 8000, -3375, 16581375, 1728, 287496, 0, 54000, -12288000,<PHONE_NUMBER>4000*a^2 +<PHONE_NUMBER>6000*a +<PHONE_NUMBER>2000] sage: K.<a> = NumberField(x^4 - 2) # optional - sage.rings.number_field sage: len(cm_j_invariants(K)) # optional - sage.rings.number_field 23
- sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.cm.cm_j_invariants_and_orders(proof=None)#
Return a list of all CM \(j\)-invariants in the field \(K\), together with the associated orders.
INPUT:
K
– a number fieldproof
– (default: proof.number_field())
OUTPUT:
(list) A list of 3-tuples \((D,f,j)\) where \(j\) is a CM \(j\)-invariant in \(K\) with quadratic fundamental discriminant \(D\) and conductor \(f\).
EXAMPLES:
sage: cm_j_invariants_and_orders(QQ) [(-3, 3, -12288000), (-3, 2, 54000), (-3, 1, 0), (-4, 2, 287496), (-4, 1, 1728), (-7, 2, 16581375), (-7, 1, -3375), (-8, 1, 8000), (-11, 1, -32768), (-19, 1, -884736), (-43, 1, -884736000), (-67, 1, -147197952000), (-163, 1, -262537412640768000)]
Over an imaginary quadratic field there are no more than over \(QQ\):
sage: cm_j_invariants_and_orders(QuadraticField(-1, 'i')) # optional - sage.rings.number_field [(-163, 1, -262537412640768000), (-67, 1, -147197952000), (-43, 1, -884736000), (-19, 1, -884736), (-11, 1, -32768), (-8, 1, 8000), (-7, 1, -3375), (-7, 2, 16581375), (-4, 1, 1728), (-4, 2, 287496), (-3, 1, 0), (-3, 2, 54000), (-3, 3, -12288000)]
Over real quadratic fields there may be more:
sage: v = cm_j_invariants_and_orders(QuadraticField(5,'a')); len(v) # optional - sage.rings.number_field 31 sage: [(D, f) for D, f, j in v if j not in QQ] # optional - sage.rings.number_field [(-235, 1), (-235, 1), (-115, 1), (-115, 1), (-40, 1), (-40, 1), (-35, 1), (-35, 1), (-20, 1), (-20, 1), (-15, 1), (-15, 1), (-15, 2), (-15, 2), (-4, 5), (-4, 5), (-3, 5), (-3, 5)]
Over number fields K of many higher degrees this also works:
sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x') sage: K.<a> = NumberField(x^3 - 2) # optional - sage.rings.number_field sage: cm_j_invariants_and_orders(K) # optional - sage.rings.number_field [(-163, 1, -262537412640768000), (-67, 1, -147197952000), (-43, 1, -884736000), (-19, 1, -884736), (-11, 1, -32768), (-8, 1, 8000), (-7, 1, -3375), (-7, 2, 16581375), (-4, 1, 1728), (-4, 2, 287496), (-3, 1, 0), (-3, 2, 54000), (-3, 3, -12288000), (-3, 6,<PHONE_NUMBER>4000*a^2 +<PHONE_NUMBER>6000*a +<PHONE_NUMBER>2000)]
- sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.cm.cm_orders(proof=None)#
Return a list of all pairs \((D,f)\) where there is a CM order of discriminant \(D f^2\) with class number h, with \(D\) a fundamental discriminant.
INPUT:
\(h\) – positive integer
proof
– (default: proof.number_field())
OUTPUT:
list of 2-tuples \((D,f)\) sorted lexicographically by \((|D|, f)\)
EXAMPLES:
sage: cm_orders(0) [] sage: v = cm_orders(1); v [(-3, 1), (-3, 2), (-3, 3), (-4, 1), (-4, 2), (-7, 1), (-7, 2), (-8, 1), (-11, 1), (-19, 1), (-43, 1), (-67, 1), (-163, 1)] sage: type(v[0][0]), type(v[0][1]) (<... 'sage.rings.integer.Integer'>, <... 'sage.rings.integer.Integer'>) sage: v = cm_orders(2); v [(-3, 4), (-3, 5), (-3, 7), (-4, 3), (-4, 4), (-4, 5), (-7, 4), (-8, 2), (-8, 3), (-11, 3), (-15, 1), (-15, 2), (-20, 1), (-24, 1), (-35, 1), (-40, 1), (-51, 1), (-52, 1), (-88, 1), (-91, 1), (-115, 1), (-123, 1), (-148, 1), (-187, 1), (-232, 1), (-235, 1), (-267, 1), (-403, 1), (-427, 1)] sage: len(v) 29 sage: set([hilbert_class_polynomial(D*f^2).degree() for D,f in v]) {2}
Any degree up to 100 is implemented, but may be slow:
sage: cm_orders(3) [(-3, 6), (-3, 9), (-11, 2), (-19, 2), (-23, 1), (-23, 2), (-31, 1), (-31, 2), (-43, 2), (-59, 1), (-67, 2), (-83, 1), (-107, 1), (-139, 1), (-163, 2), (-211, 1), (-283, 1), (-307, 1), (-331, 1), (-379, 1), (-499, 1), (-547, 1), (-643, 1), (-883, 1), (-907, 1)] sage: len(cm_orders(4)) 84
- sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.cm.discriminants_with_bounded_class_number(hmax, B=None, proof=None)#
Return a dictionary with keys class numbers \(h\le hmax\) and values the list of all pairs \((D_0, f)\), with \(D_0<0\) a fundamental discriminant such that \(D=D_0f^2\) has class number \(h\). If the optional bound \(B\) is given, return only those pairs with \(|D| \le B\).
INPUT:
hmax
– integer\(B\) – integer or None; if None returns all pairs
proof
– this code calls the PARI function pari:qfbclassno, so it could give wrong answers whenproof``==``False
(though only for discriminants greater than \(2\cdot10^{10}\)). The default is the current value ofproof.number_field()
.
OUTPUT:
dictionary
Note
In case \(B\) is not given, then
hmax
must be at most 100; we use the tables from [Watkins2004] and [Klaise2012] to compute a \(B\) that captures all \(h\) up to \(hmax\).EXAMPLES:
sage: from sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.cm import discriminants_with_bounded_class_number sage: v = discriminants_with_bounded_class_number(3) sage: sorted(v) [1, 2, 3] sage: v[1] [(-3, 1), (-3, 2), (-3, 3), (-4, 1), (-4, 2), (-7, 1), (-7, 2), (-8, 1), (-11, 1), (-19, 1), (-43, 1), (-67, 1), (-163, 1)] sage: v[2] [(-3, 4), (-3, 5), (-3, 7), (-4, 3), (-4, 4), (-4, 5), (-7, 4), (-8, 2), (-8, 3), (-11, 3), (-15, 1), (-15, 2), (-20, 1), (-24, 1), (-35, 1), (-40, 1), (-51, 1), (-52, 1), (-88, 1), (-91, 1), (-115, 1), (-123, 1), (-148, 1), (-187, 1), (-232, 1), (-235, 1), (-267, 1), (-403, 1), (-427, 1)] sage: v[3] [(-3, 6), (-3, 9), (-11, 2), (-19, 2), (-23, 1), (-23, 2), (-31, 1), (-31, 2), (-43, 2), (-59, 1), (-67, 2), (-83, 1), (-107, 1), (-139, 1), (-163, 2), (-211, 1), (-283, 1), (-307, 1), (-331, 1), (-379, 1), (-499, 1), (-547, 1), (-643, 1), (-883, 1), (-907, 1)] sage: v = discriminants_with_bounded_class_number(8, proof=False) sage: sorted(len(v[h]) for h in v) [13, 25, 29, 29, 38, 84, 101, 208]
Find all class numbers for discriminant up to 50:
sage: sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.cm.discriminants_with_bounded_class_number(hmax=5, B=50) {1: [(-3, 1), (-3, 2), (-3, 3), (-4, 1), (-4, 2), (-7, 1), (-7, 2), (-8, 1), (-11, 1), (-19, 1), (-43, 1)], 2: [(-3, 4), (-4, 3), (-8, 2), (-15, 1), (-20, 1), (-24, 1), (-35, 1), (-40, 1)], 3: [(-11, 2), (-23, 1), (-31, 1)], 4: [(-39, 1)], 5: [(-47, 1)]}
- sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.cm.hilbert_class_polynomial(algorithm=None)#
Return the Hilbert class polynomial for discriminant \(D\).
INPUT:
D
(int) – a negative integer congruent to 0 or 1 modulo 4.algorithm
(string, default None).
OUTPUT:
(integer polynomial) The Hilbert class polynomial for the discriminant \(D\).
ALGORITHM:
If
algorithm
= “arb” (default): Use Arb’s implementation which uses complex interval arithmetic.If
algorithm
= “sage”: Use complex approximations to the roots.If
algorithm
= “magma”: Call the appropriate Magma function (if available).
AUTHORS:
Sage implementation originally by Eduardo Ocampo Alvarez and AndreyTimofeev
Sage implementation corrected by John Cremona (using corrected precision bounds from Andreas Enge)
Magma implementation by David Kohel
EXAMPLES:
sage: hilbert_class_polynomial(-4) x - 1728 sage: hilbert_class_polynomial(-7) x + 3375 sage: hilbert_class_polynomial(-23) x^3 + 3491750*x^2 -<PHONE_NUMBER>*x +<PHONE_NUMBER>9375 sage: hilbert_class_polynomial(-37*4) x^2 -<PHONE_NUMBER>1072000*x -<PHONE_NUMBER>936467904000000 sage: hilbert_class_polynomial(-37*4, algorithm="magma") # optional - magma x^2 -<PHONE_NUMBER>1072000*x -<PHONE_NUMBER>936467904000000 sage: hilbert_class_polynomial(-163) x +<PHONE_NUMBER>40768000 sage: hilbert_class_polynomial(-163, algorithm="sage") x +<PHONE_NUMBER>40768000 sage: hilbert_class_polynomial(-163, algorithm="magma") # optional - magma x +<PHONE_NUMBER>40768000
- sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.cm.is_HCP(f, check_monic_irreducible=True)#
Determine whether a polynomial is a Hilbert Class Polynomial.
INPUT:
f
– a polynomial in \(\ZZ[X]\).check_monic_irreducible
(boolean, defaultTrue
) – ifTrue
, check thatf
is a monic, irreducible, integer polynomial.
OUTPUT:
(integer) – either \(D\) if
f
is the Hilbert Class Polynomial \(H_D\) for discriminant \(D\), or \(0\) if not an HCP.ALGORITHM:
Cremona and Sutherland: Algorithm 2 of [CreSuth2023].
EXAMPLES:
Even for large degrees this is fast. We test the largest discriminant of class number 100, for which the HCP has coefficients with thousands of digits:
sage: from sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.cm import is_HCP sage: D = -1856563 sage: D.class_number() 100 sage: H = hilbert_class_polynomial(D) sage: H.degree() 100 sage: max(H).ndigits() 2774 sage: is_HCP(H) -1856563
Testing polynomials which are not HCPs is faster:
sage: is_HCP(H+1) 0
- sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.cm.is_cm_j_invariant(algorithm='CremonaSutherland', method=None)#
Return whether or not this is a CM \(j\)-invariant, and the CM discriminant if it is.
INPUT:
j
– an element of a number field \(K\)algorithm
(string, default ‘CremonaSutherland’) – the algorithm used, either ‘CremonaSutherland’ (the default, very much faster for all but very small degrees), ‘exhaustive’ or ‘reduction’method
(string) – deprecated name foralgorithm
OUTPUT:
A pair (bool, (d,f)) which is either (False, None) if \(j\) is not a CM j-invariant or (True, (d,f)) if \(j\) is the \(j\)-invariant of the imaginary quadratic order of discriminant \(D=df^2\) where \(d\) is the associated fundamental discriminant and \(f\) the index.
ALGORITHM:
The default algorithm used is to test whether the minimal polynomial of
j
is a Hilbert CLass Polynomail, usingis_HCP()
which implements Algorithm 2 of [CreSuth2023] by Cremona and Sutherland.Two older algorithms are available, both of which are much slower except for very small degrees.
Method ‘exhaustive’ makes use of the complete and unconditionsl classification of all orders of class number up to 100, and hence will raise an error if \(j\) is an algebraic integer of degree greater than this.
Method ‘reduction’ constructs an elliptic curve over the number field \(\QQ(j)\) and computes its traces of Frobenius at several primes of degree 1.
EXAMPLES:
sage: from sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.cm import is_cm_j_invariant sage: is_cm_j_invariant(0) (True, (-3, 1)) sage: is_cm_j_invariant(8000) (True, (-8, 1)) sage: K.<a> = QuadraticField(5) # optional - sage.rings.number_field sage: is_cm_j_invariant(282880*a + 632000) # optional - sage.rings.number_field (True, (-20, 1)) sage: x = polygen(ZZ, 'x') sage: K.<a> = NumberField(x^3 - 2) # optional - sage.rings.number_field sage: is_cm_j_invariant(31710790944000*a^2 +<PHONE_NUMBER>6000*a +<PHONE_NUMBER>2000) # optional - sage.rings.number_field (True, (-3, 6))
An example of large degree. This is only possible using the default algorithm:
sage: from sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.cm import is_cm_j_invariant sage: D = -1856563 sage: H = hilbert_class_polynomial(D) sage: H.degree() 100 sage: K.<j> = NumberField(H) sage: is_cm_j_invariant(j) (True, (-1856563, 1))
- sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.cm.largest_disc_with_class_number(h)#
Return largest absolute value of any negative discriminant with class number \(h\), and the number of fundamental negative discriminants with that class number. This is known (unconditionally) for \(h\) up to 100, by work of Mark Watkins [Watkins2004] for fundamental discriminants, extended to all discriminants of class number \(h\le100\) by Klaise [Klaise2012].
Note
The class number of a negative discriminant \(D\) is the same as the class number of the unique imaginary quadratic order of discriminant \(D\), so this function gives the number of such orders of each class number \(h\le100\). It is easy to extend this to larger class number conditional on the GRH, but much harder to obyain unconditional results.
INPUT:
\(h\) – integer
EXAMPLES:
sage: from sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.cm import largest_disc_with_class_number sage: largest_disc_with_class_number(0) (0, 0) sage: largest_disc_with_class_number(1) (163, 13) sage: largest_disc_with_class_number(2) (427, 29) sage: largest_disc_with_class_number(10) (13843, 123) sage: largest_disc_with_class_number(100) (1856563, 2311) sage: largest_disc_with_class_number(101) Traceback (most recent call last): ... NotImplementedError: largest discriminant not available for class number 101
For most \(h\le100\), the largest fundamental discriminant with class number \(h\) is also the largest discriminant, but this is not the case for some \(h\):
sage: from sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.cm import largest_disc_with_class_number, largest_fundamental_disc_with_class_number sage: [h for h in range(1,101) if largest_disc_with_class_number(h)[0] != largest_fundamental_disc_with_class_number(h)[0]] [6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40, 42, 52, 70] sage: largest_fundamental_disc_with_class_number(6) (3763, 51) sage: largest_disc_with_class_number(6) (4075, 101)
- sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.cm.largest_fundamental_disc_with_class_number(h)#
Return largest absolute value of any fundamental negative discriminant with class number \(h\), and the number of fundamental negative discriminants with that class number. This is known (unconditionally) for \(h\) up to 100, by work of Mark Watkins ([Watkins2004]).
Note
The class number of a fundamental negative discriminant \(D\) is the same as the class number of the imaginary quadratic field \(\QQ(\sqrt{D})\), so this function gives the number of such fields of each class number \(h\le100\). It is easy to extend this to larger class number conditional on the GRH, but much harder to obtain unconditional results.
INPUT:
\(h\) – integer
EXAMPLES:
sage: from sage.schemes.elliptic_curves.cm import largest_fundamental_disc_with_class_number sage: largest_fundamental_disc_with_class_number(0) (0, 0) sage: largest_fundamental_disc_with_class_number(1) (163, 9) sage: largest_fundamental_disc_with_class_number(2) (427, 18) sage: largest_fundamental_disc_with_class_number(10) (13843, 87) sage: largest_fundamental_disc_with_class_number(100) (1856563, 1736) sage: largest_fundamental_disc_with_class_number(101) Traceback (most recent call last): ... NotImplementedError: largest fundamental discriminant not available for class number 101


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set $variable-name string
Set the $variable-name
equal to
string
. The string
is
variable expanded first.
match name string label
match string label
match string
Add a new pending event to event set name
such that when string
is seen in the input,
resume execution at label
. The match must
be exact. All arguments are variable expanded.
If no name
is given, or if name
is the empty string, add the new event to the default set.
If no label
is given, or if label
is the empty string, the event causes execution to resume
starting with the statement following the wait
command
(i.e., use the default target).
regex name pattern label
regex pattern label
regex pattern
Same as the match
command, but matches an extended
regular expression instead of an exact string. If
pattern
is not a valid extended regular
expression, the script fails.
Regular expressions are matched on a line-by-line basis; the input matching the pattern cannot span more than one line. A line is terminated with either a newline or a carriage return-newline pair (the latter is more common). An end-of-line should be matched using a dollar sign rather than trying to match these characters directly, as mpd elides them from the input when testing the regular expression.
See re_format(7)
for more information about extended
regular expressions.
timer name seconds label
timer seconds label
timer seconds
Add a new pending event to set name
such that
when seconds
seconds have elapsed,
resume execution at label
.
All arguments are variable expanded.
If no name
is given, or if name
is the empty string, add the new event to the default set.
If no label
is given, or if label
is the empty string, the event causes execution to resume
starting with the statement following the wait
command
(i.e., use the default target).
wait
wait seconds
In the first form, wait indefinitely for any event to happen. When an event happens, continue execution starting at the target label for that event.
The second form is equivalent to:
timer seconds
wait
if string1 == string2
command
if string1 != string2
command
Executes command
if the two variable expanded
strings are equal or not equal.
if string match pattern
command
if string !match pattern
command
Tests string
against the regular expression
pattern
and executes command
if string
matches or does not match. Both
string
and pattern
are
variable expanded first.
print string
Ouput the string
to the serial port.
Variables are expanded, and the normal mpd C-style character
escapes may be used.
cancel name1 [ name2 ... ]
Cancel all pending events in the sets name1
,
name2
, etc.
It is not an error to cancel a set which is already empty.
goto label
Jump to label label
.
call label
Call a subroutine at label
.
return
Return from subroutine.
success
Exit the script successfully.
failure
Exit the script unsuccessfully.
log string
Print string
, variable expanded, to the log
file under logging level CHAT.


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|
NeuralSharp
1.0
NeuralSharp is a FOSS C# library for neural networks.
|
Represents a layer which turns an image into an array. More...
Inherits NeuralSharp.Convolutional.IImageArrayLayer.
Public Member Functions | |
| ImageToArray (int inputDepth, int inputWidth, int inputHeight, bool createIO=false) | |
| Creates an instance of the More... | |
| void | Feed (bool learning) |
| Feeds the layer forward. More... | |
| void | BackPropagate (float[] outputError, Image inputError, bool learning) |
| Backpropagates an error trough the layer. More... | |
| void | UpdateWeights (float rate, float momentum=0.0F) |
| Updates the weights of the layer. More... | |
| void | SetInputAndOutput (Image input, float[] outputArray, int outputSkip) |
| Sets the input image and the output array of the layer. More... | |
| void | SetInputAndOutput (Image input, float[] output) |
| Sets the input image and the output array of the layer. More... | |
| float [] | SetInputGetOutput (Image input) |
| Sets the input image and creates and sets the output array of the layer. More... | |
| virtual ILayer< Image, float[]> | CreateSiamese () |
| Cretes a siamese of the layer. More... | |
| virtual ILayer< Image, float[]> | Clone () |
| Creates a siamese of the layer. More... | |
| int | CountParameters (List< object > siameseIDs) |
| Counts the amount of parameters of the layer. More... | |
| Public Member Functions inherited from NeuralSharp.ILayer< Image, float[]> | |
| int | CountParameters (List< object > siameseIDs) |
| Counts the amount of parameters of the layer. More... | |
| void | Feed (bool learning=false) |
| Feeds the layer forward. More... | |
| void | UpdateWeights (float rate, float momentum=0.0F) |
| Updates the weights of the layer. More... | |
| void | BackPropagate (TOut outputError, TIn inputError, bool learning) |
| Backpropagates the given error trough the layer. More... | |
| void | SetInputAndOutput (TIn input, TOut output) |
| Sets the input object and the output object of the layer. More... | |
| TOut | SetInputGetOutput (TIn input) |
| Sets the input object of the layer and creates and sets the output object. More... | |
| ILayer< TIn, TOut > | CreateSiamese () |
| Creates a siamese of the layer. More... | |
| ILayer< TIn, TOut > | Clone () |
| Clones the layer. More... | |
Protected Member Functions | |
| ImageToArray (ImageToArray original, bool siamese) | |
| Either creates a siamese of the given More... | |
Properties | |
| Image | Input [get] |
| The input image of the layer. More... | |
| float [] | Output [get] |
| The output array of the layer. More... | |
| int | InputDepth [get] |
| The depth of the input of the layer. More... | |
| int | InputWidth [get] |
| The width of the input of the layer. More... | |
| int | InputHeight [get] |
| The height of the input of the layer. More... | |
| int | OutputSize [get] |
| The lenght of the output of the layer. More... | |
| int | OutputSkip [get] |
| The index of the first used entry of the input array. More... | |
| int | Parameters [get] |
| The amount of parameters of the layer. Always More... | |
| object | SiameseID [get] |
| The siamese identifier of the layer. More... | |
| Properties inherited from NeuralSharp.Convolutional.IImageArrayLayer | |
| int | InputDepth [get] |
| The depth of the input of the layer. More... | |
| int | InputWidth [get] |
| The width of the input of the layer. More... | |
| int | InputHeight [get] |
| The height of the input of the layer. More... | |
| int | OutputSize [get] |
| The lenght of the output of the layer. More... | |
| int | OutputSkip [get] |
| The index of the first position of More... | |
| Properties inherited from NeuralSharp.ILayer< Image, float[]> | |
| TIn | Input [get] |
| The input object of the layer. More... | |
| TOut | Output [get] |
| The output object. More... | |
| int | Parameters [get] |
| The amount of parameters of the layer. More... | |
| object | SiameseID [get] |
| The siamese identifier of the layer. More... | |
Represents a layer which turns an image into an array.
|
protected |
Either creates a siamese of the given
ImageToArray
instance or clones it.
| original | The original instance to be created a siamese of or cloned. |
| siamese | true false |
| NeuralSharp.Convolutional.ImageToArray.ImageToArray | ( | int | inputDepth, |
| int | inputWidth, | ||
| int | inputHeight, | ||
| bool | createIO = false |
||
| ) |
Creates an instance of the
ImageToArray
class.
| inputDepth | The depth of the input of the layer. |
| inputWidth | The width of the input of the layer. |
| inputHeight | The height of the input of the layer. |
| createIO | Whether the input image and the output array are to be created. |
| void NeuralSharp.Convolutional.ImageToArray.BackPropagate | ( | float [] | outputError, |
| Image | inputError, | ||
| bool | learning | ||
| ) |
Backpropagates an error trough the layer.
| outputError | The error to be backpropagated. |
| inputError | The image to be written the input error into. |
| learning | Whether the layer is being used in a training session. |
Creates a siamese of the layer.
| int NeuralSharp.Convolutional.ImageToArray.CountParameters | ( | List< object > | siameseIDs | ) |
Counts the amount of parameters of the layer.
| siameseIDs | The siamese identifier to be excluded. |
Cretes a siamese of the layer.
| void NeuralSharp.Convolutional.ImageToArray.Feed | ( | bool | learning | ) |
Feeds the layer forward.
| learning | Whether the layer is being used in a training session. |
| void NeuralSharp.Convolutional.ImageToArray.SetInputAndOutput | ( | Image | input, |
| float [] | outputArray, | ||
| int | outputSkip | ||
| ) |
Sets the input image and the output array of the layer.
| input | The input image to be set. |
| outputArray | The output array to be set. |
| outputSkip | The index of the first entry of the output array to be used. |
Implements NeuralSharp.Convolutional.IImageArrayLayer.
| void NeuralSharp.Convolutional.ImageToArray.SetInputAndOutput | ( | Image | input, |
| float [] | output | ||
| ) |
Sets the input image and the output array of the layer.
| input | The input image to be set. |
| output | The output array to be set. |
| float [] NeuralSharp.Convolutional.ImageToArray.SetInputGetOutput | ( | Image | input | ) |
Sets the input image and creates and sets the output array of the layer.
| input | The input image to be set. |
| void NeuralSharp.Convolutional.ImageToArray.UpdateWeights | ( | float | rate, |
| float | momentum = 0.0F |
||
| ) |
Updates the weights of the layer.
| rate | The learning rate to be used. |
| momentum | The momentum to be used. |
|
get |
The input image of the layer.
|
get |
The depth of the input of the layer.
|
get |
The height of the input of the layer.
|
get |
The width of the input of the layer.
|
get |
The output array of the layer.
|
get |
The lenght of the output of the layer.
|
get |
The index of the first used entry of the input array.
|
get |
The amount of parameters of the layer. Always
0
.
|
get |
The siamese identifier of the layer.


TalkBack with Android 4.4.2 with "Internet" 1.5.28
TalkBack with Android 4.4.2 with Chrome 39.0.2171.59 (Doesn't support role="alert". Doesn't say "alert," but works due to explicitely setting aria-live.)
NVDA 2014.1 with IE 11.0.9600.17280 (Doesn't support role="alert". Doesn't say "alert," but works due to explicitly setting aria-live.)
iOS 8.1.1 VO Safari (just the first time)
Doesn't Work
NVDA 2017.2 with FF 54.0.1 (just says alert, but doesn't read the text)


{% load static %}
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20/11/2020
Far far away, behind the word mountains, far from the countries Vokalia and Consonantia, there live the blind texts. Separated they live in Bookmarksgrove right at the coast of the Semantics, a large language ocean.
19-11-2020
Far far away, behind the word mountains, far from the countries Vokalia and Consonantia, there live the blind texts. Separated they live in Bookmarksgrove right at the coast of the Semantics, a large language ocean.
18/11/2020g
Far far away, behind the word mountains, far from the countries Vokalia and Consonantia, there live the blind texts. Separated they live in Bookmarksgrove right at the coast of the Semantics, a large language ocean.


BeGrid great liblary use Isotope masonry layout - Advandce options multiple columns, spacings & support responsive ⚡,
Photo: https://dribbble.com


--- layout: page title: About header-img: "img/about-bg.png" ---
Rails Developer, gentleman, and a scholar. Or maybe just a Rails Developer.


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Using Certificate Authentication with IHttpClientFactory and HttpClient This article shows how an HttpClient instance could be setup to send a certificate to an API to use for certificate authentication. In an ASP.NET Core application, the IHttpClientFactory can be use…
Quotes by Brian W. Kernighan Quotes about programming, coding, computer science, debugging, software industry, startups and motivation. Programming wisdom.
How an Élite University Research Center Concealed Its Relationship with Jeffrey Epstein New documents show that the M.I.T. Media Lab was aware of Epstein’s status as a convicted sex offender, and that Epstein directed contributions to the lab far exceeding the amounts M.I.T. has publicly admitted.
Availability of nullable attributes outside of Core 3.0 · Issue #30493 · dotnet/runtime First issue here be kind :) Following on from https://github.com/dotnet/csharplang/blob/master/meetings/2019/LDM-2019-05-15.md, we now have a way to annotate our existing APIs for nullable referenc...
Discovering Hard Disk Physical Geometry through Microbenchmarking « Blog Modern hard drives store an incredible amount of data in a small space, and are still the default choice for high-capacity (though not highest-performance) storage. While hard drives have been around since the 1950s, the current 3.5″ form factor (actually...
BlazorFiddle - Blazor .Net Developer Playground and Code Editor in the Browser. @page "/"
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Developer Sign Up Start building with the functionality you need. Authentication Group permissions Social login Single Sign-On Okta as a SAML identity provider User management dashboard Email and forum support Multi-factor with Google Authenticator Workflows (e.g. forgot p...
The evolution of Family Link parental controls Family Link has now been available as a resource to families for two years. At I/O, we’re sharing what’s new.
Publishing a package no longer creates a release and other GitHub Package Registry updates - The GitHub Blog When publishing a package in GitHub Package Registry, a release and corresponding tag will no longer be created. When publishing a package with a version corresponding to an existing tag and release, the package is


This is a quick and dirty tool that I (Paul Gowder) banged out to match my students into "virtual study groups" in order to do peer discussion exercises/think-pair-share/etc. virtually while the campus is closed due to coronavirus. It's meant to replicate a casual "go talk to your neighbors about X and then report back" classroom technique.
The code asks for three things from you: (1) a list of student names (or email addresses, or nicknames, or whatever), one per line, in the text box, (2) a number for the size of groups you want (e.g., groups of 2 students, groups of 3 students), and (3) what to do if the number of students doesn't divide evenly into the group size, namely, (a) create a few groups that have one extra student, or (b) make a smaller group with the leftover people. It will then generate a list of groups suitable to paste into an e-mail or whatever.
THIS WEBPAGE DOES NOT COLLECT ANY DATA. It is a pure "client-side" micro-application. This means that it never talks to any server, except when you first load the page, and does not send the list of students anywhere. It just does a little bit of random matching using javascript in the browser which is running on your own computer. Hence, it doesn't compromise student privacy. If you read javascript, you can verify this claim by looking at the html for this page, plus randomize.js, which is the only javascript file referenced in the html. I have deliberately left the code for this in as readable a state as possible to make this readily verifiable.
List of students goes here, one per line
Number of students per group:
What to do when the number of students doesn't evenly divide into the number of students per group?
Output below, one group per line:


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--- layout: default title: Contact Melanie ---
If you have any feedback or would like to collaborate on a project, feel free to reach out at melaniemkwon [at] gmail [dot] com. I reply to most emails within 24 hours.


The relative permittivity of a material is dependant on the angular frequency, \(\omega\), of the incident wave, given by $$\varepsilon_{r} = 1 - \frac{Nq^{2}}{\varepsilon_{0}m_{e}(\omega^{2}-\omega^{2}_{0}+i\omega\gamma)}$$ This can be related to the wave vector by \(k = n\omega/c\), this may be complex hence \(\mathbf{k}=(k_{R}+ik_I)\mathbf{\hat{z}}\) thus $$ e^{i(\mathbf{k}\cdot\mathbf{r}-t\omega)} = e^{i(k_{R}z - \omega t)}e^{-k_{I}z}$$ assuming low density matter (e.g Gas) we can binomial expand to give the real and imaginary refractive index: $$ Re(n) = 1 - \frac{\omega^{2}_{d}(\omega^{2} - \omega^{2}_{0})}{(\omega^{2} - \omega^{2}_{0})^{2} + \omega^{2}\gamma^{2} }$$ $$ Im(n) = \frac{\omega^{2}_{d} \omega \gamma}{(\omega^{2} - \omega^{2}_{0})^{2} + \omega^{2}\gamma^{2}}$$


News story
Team UK on their return from WorldSkills competition in São Paulo 2015.
This week marked the welcome back for Team UK from WorldSkills São Paulo 2015. WorldSkills is the world’s largest skills competition, which is held around the globe to celebrate skills and share best practice between industries and countries. Team UK did exceptionally well and came away with three gold, four silver and two bronze medals, together with 24 Medallions for Excellence.
Peter Lauener, WorldSkills UK Official Delegate and Chief Executive of the Skills Funding Agency and Education Funding Agency and Apprenticeship Adviser to the Prime Minister, Richard Harrington MP also attended the welcome back event to congratulate members of Team UK on their success.
Beauty therapist, Rianne Chester, received the UK’s first ever Albert Vidal Award , for the most points scored by any competitor in the competition. 25 of the 40 members of Team UK are currently or formerly doing an apprenticeship and 6 out of the 9 members who were awarded medals are current or former apprentices.
Speaking at the welcome back event, Peter Lauener said: “Attending WorldSkills São Paulo 2015 was a life changing event. I was enthralled to see first-hand the energy, the endeavour and the ‘never give up’ spirit shown by Team UK. It was inspiring to watch and a remarkable achievement for all those that took part. My congratulations go to all the Medal winners, the Medallion winners and the entire Team UK.”
For more information about WorldSkills watch the video on YouTube or visit the WorldSkills website . Photos from the competitions are available to view on Flickr .


This expense has violated a critical policy. You cannot create a report with this expense.
Claimed amount {{extendedMileage.tx_user_amount | currency: extendedMileage.tx_currency: 'symbol-narrow'}} was capped to {{extendedMileage.tx_amount | currency: extendedMileage.tx_currency: 'symbol-narrow'}} due to policy.
Amount
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Rate / {{extendedMileage.tx_distance_unit}}
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Applies To
HTML5
What to Check For
Describe what to check for in 1 to 3 sentences. Make clear to the reader what action they need to take in order to be in compliance.
Why
By checking the origin, you can restrict access to the WebSocket server, allowing requests only from the same origin or specified domains to prevent potentially malicious connections.
How To Check
Insert discrete, numbered instructions for each step required to check this item. Each step should be actionable. Include all necessary information to successfully go through each step.
How To Fix
To check for origin:
- Configure the WebSocket server to check the Sec-WebSocket-Origin header value (for older WebSocket clients) or Origin header value (for newer clients). Add code to the configuration file in accordance with your server language. For example, for PHP-WebSocket, which is an open source PHP implementation of a WebSocket server library, use the following method call to set origin checking: $server->setCheckOrigin(true);. This reads the value of Sec-WebSocket-Origin or origin.
- Specify the allowed origins from which the server will accept connections. For example, to accept connections only from an HTML5 application residing on the same server, configure it to accept connections from the “same origin” only. If the WebSocket server and the application both reside on web.example.com, configure the WebSocket server to accept only from Origin= web.example.com.
- Iterate through the request headers to find the Origin or Sec-WebSocket-Origin header. If the value is null or does not match the set of allowed origins, close the connection stream with a 401 response.
$example_origins = array('example.com',’web.example.com’);
foreach ($example_origins as $origin) {
$server->setAllowedOrigin($origin);
$origin_ips[] = gethostbyname($origin);
}
if (!in_array($_SERVER["REMOTE_ADDR"], $origin_ips)) {
// send 401 response
}
else {
// begin tunnel
}
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- Provide a link to the Guideline that this Checklist Item applies to.
- Provide links to related Checklist Item articles.
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Additional Resources
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Cross Cut Property Services Inc.
STICKY box-sizing: border-box; width: 35em; margin: 2.5% auto 2em; border: 1em;
STICKY box-sizing: border-box; width: 35em; margin: 2.5% auto 2em; border: 1em;
div {margin: 3em; border: 5px}
(static)
The improvement of the producer-consumer problem has been widely studied. Sou also visualizes 64 bit architectures, but without all the unnecssary complexity. Similarly, A. Taylor et al. [32] and Erwin Schroedinger [27] constructed the first known instance of highly-available modalities [9,18,33]. While Zhou and Williams also introduced this method, we evaluated it independently and simultaneously. Further, we had our approach in mind before H. Zheng et al. published the recent well-known work on the study of Moore's Law [29,30,1]. Complexity aside, Sou develops even more accurately. Along these same lines, W. Thomas [26] developed a similar heuristic, nevertheless we disconfirmed that our solution is in Co-NP. The only other noteworthy work in this area suffers from fair assumptions about authenticated methodologies. Raj Reddy [2,11,35,23] developed a similar system, contrarily we disconfirmed that Sou is NP-complete [21].
section {border: 1.5em}
(relative)
STICKY box-sizing: border-box; width: 35em; margin: 2.5% auto 2em; border: 1em;
div {margin: 3em; border: 5px}
(static)
The improvement of the producer-consumer problem has been widely studied. Sou also visualizes 64 bit architectures, but without all the unnecssary complexity. Similarly, A. Taylor et al. [32] and Erwin Schroedinger [27] constructed the first known instance of highly-available modalities [9,18,33]. While Zhou and Williams also introduced this method, we evaluated it independently and simultaneously. Further, we had our approach in mind before H. Zheng et al. published the recent well-known work on the study of Moore's Law [29,30,1]. Complexity aside, Sou develops even more accurately. Along these same lines, W. Thomas [26] developed a similar heuristic, nevertheless we disconfirmed that our solution is in Co-NP. The only other noteworthy work in this area suffers from fair assumptions about authenticated methodologies. Raj Reddy [2,11,35,23] developed a similar system, contrarily we disconfirmed that Sou is NP-complete [21].
Home
Cross Cut Property Services provides professional lawn, shrub, garden and property maintenance as well as snow removal.
Owned by Rick Zobel who has been in the industry since the early '90s this company is built on sensible solutions and
their successful execution. As Rick is very industrious and knowledgeable in lawn maintenance and it's management he is
able to simplify tasks and provide value in structuring a well defined plan for single family homes, multi-facility commercial
properties, residential associations and government properties. Cross Cut Properties maintains equipment for large brush cut
and wild growth maintenance as well as professional mowing, trimming and garden maintenance.
Take Action
To strengthen outstanding service, client relationships, customer satisfaction and facilitate exceptional experience the following action tools have been
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Our service area is increasing, please call Rick Zobel at<PHONE_NUMBER> or complete our start quote process here
to go over details and find a service schedule. We follow up on all quote requests submitted via online tool and are happy to take your call.
Equipment
Outstanding and well maintained equipment is key to a job done right. One of our jobs is to ensure all Tools and Equipment are in optimum condition.
We use best in class zero turn lawn mowers, weedwhips, leaf blowers, bagging and collection aparatus. We take pride in our tools employing equipment
from makers such as: Toro, Gravely, Husqavarna,
Under Construction
Thank you for visiting, this content is not yet ready or available at this time.
Please stop back near the First of May 2016 to check on improvements.
Thank you for visiting & hope to see you soon. Call Rick Zobel,<PHONE_NUMBER> to learn more
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A test bed for including Parse.ly powered recommendations on your site.
Note that the/related
API endpoint does not require the use of a shared secret. API key is the only requirement.
Enter an API key and Article URL to view a set of recommended artciles from the /related
endpoint.
Check the API reference for a full explanation of the parameters.


My workshop experience includes basic woodworking, metal machining and metal fabrication. Woodworking experience includes basic joinery and lathing. Metal machining experience includes lathing, knurling, milling and tap and die processes. Metal fabrication experience includes sheet metal forming and silver soldering.


In Quotek, the strategy class can be seen as a framework, a backbone on which you can build your trading algorithm. The strategy class mainly consists of a set of virtual members, which need to be reimplemented by the user to effectively create an algotrading system.
As you will see, the two main steps for using the strategy class in your own algos, are first to reimpement the needed virtual classes, and second to interface the strategy class with the real world (market datastream, brokerage, etc..).
In order to perform the two steps we described erlier, you have to know which are the most important attributes of the strategy class. These are the following:
This method is for initializing your algorithm. Every component of your algorithm that needs to be initialized once at the beginning, can be so in this function.
Probaly the most important method of all, this is where your main algorithm logics must go. The goal of evaluate() is to be called many times ( up to 1 time per price move, if you want ), so that you can take one or more dicisions according to the prices evolution.
The strategy class has its own thread-safe FIFO queue, to store and process the buy/sell orders that will be passed to your borker afterwards. What orders() does is that it simply pushes the order string passed as argument inside the FIFO, that’s it.
strategy.t is stores the epoch timestamp at which the algo is running . If the algo is live, then strategy.t might be equal to time(0)
strategy.value stores the price at time t of the asset you are working with in your algo.
Now let’s talk about an effective implementation. As explained, the first step is to declare a new class inheriting from the strategy class.
#include <quotek/quotek.hpp>
#include <quotek/strategy.hpp>
using namespace quotek::data;
//Here, we declare a new class inheriting from strategy
class mystrat : public strategy {
Next, the goal will be to override the two main members of the class: initialize() and evaluate(). evaluate will contain your effetive algorithm.
public:
//We have nothing to init, so we keep it empty.
int initialize() {
}
//We created a very trivial evaluation:
//If the AAPL stock price reaches $115, then buy 10 stocks.
void evaluate() {
if ( value >= 115.0 ) {
order("buy AAPL 10");
}
}
};
Now that we have our inherited class that is implemented, we will want to interface it with the data and run it.
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
//This variable will store the current price of the asset we work with.
float fetched_value;
std::string order;
//We create a new instance of our custom class.
mystrat s1;
//We create a records container in order to store the price data.
records *recs = new records();
//We interface our records container with the strategy.
s1.set_env(recs, NULL, NULL, NULL);
//We call the initialize member
s1.initialize();
while(true) {
//Place your market datastream fetching code here (data must be stored inside the fetched_value float variable)
s1.t = time(0);
s1.value = fetched_value;
record r(s1.t, fetched_value, 0);
recs->append(r);
//We call the price evaluation method.
s1.evaluate();
while ( s1.orders_queue.pop(order, false)) {
//place your broker orders passing code here
}
}
}
#include <quotek/quotek.hpp>
#include <quotek/strategy.hpp>
using namespace quotek::data;
class mystrat : public strategy {
public:
int initialize() {
}
void evaluate() {
if ( value >= 115.0 ) {
order("buy AAPL 10");
}
}
};
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
float fetched_value;
std::string order;
mystrat s1;
records *recs = new records();
s1.set_env(recs, NULL, NULL, NULL);
s1.initialize();
while(true) {
//Place your market datastream fetching code here (data must be stored inside the fetched_value float variable)
s1.t = time(0);
s1.value = fetched_value;
record r(s1.t, fetched_value, 0);
recs->append(r);
s1.evaluate();
while ( s1.orders_queue.pop(order, false)) {
//place your broker orders passing code here
}
}
}


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block page_title %} Name and address {% endblock %} {% block content %} {% include "includes/phase_banner_beta.html" %} {{formData | safe}} Referee two Referee two Address Building and street Town or city Country (optional) Postcode {% endblock %}


Customize and extend
Each theme features new components
Theme components inherit much
Each theme includes components
Jacob Thornton
Creator of Bootstrap,engineer at Twitter& Medium.Founder of Bumpers.
Mark Otto
Design at GitHub,Creator of Bootstrap.& Previously at Twitter. Huge nerd.
Dave Gamache
Design at Twitter & Medium.Starting& something new soon;)


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113488-general/topic/structure.20question.html ---
I was just checking I'd got symmetry working with ne
:
attribute [symm] ne.symm /- class zero_ne_one_class (α : Type u) extends has_zero α, has_one α := (zero_ne_one : 0 ≠ (1:α)) -/ example (R : Type) [zero_ne_one_class R] : (1 : R) ≠ 0 := begin symmetry, exact zero_ne_one, end
and this worked fine. But actually I didn't expect it to work, I expected Lean to moan that it couldn't find an instance of has_zero R
etc. The zero_ne_one_class
instance seems to have magicked them up!
But that's weird, because this fails:
import topology.algebra.ring /- class topological_ring extends topological_add_monoid α, topological_monoid α : Prop := (continuous_neg : continuous (λa:α, -a)) -/ example (S : Type) [topological_ring S] : (0 : S) = 0 := rfl /- failed to synthesize type class instance for S : Type ⊢ topological_space S failed to synthesize type class instance for S : Type ⊢ ring S failed to synthesize type class instance for S : Type, _inst_1 : topological_ring S ⊢ has_zero S failed to synthesize type class instance for S : Type, _inst_1 : topological_ring S ⊢ has_zero S -/
Structures are still a bit weird to me. Is this got something to do with the "old" structure command or is this yet another weirdness about structures?
Aah, I see:
class topological_add_monoid (α : Type u) [topological_space α] [add_monoid α] : Prop := (continuous_add : continuous (λp:α×α, p.1 + p.2))
"Extends" gets done automatically, the square bracket stuff doesn't. And there is no doubt some great reason involving diamonds or something which means that it can't extend them.
Exactly
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


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org.apache.xerces.utils
Class StringHasher
java.lang.Object
|
+--org.apache.xerces.utils.StringHasher
- public final class StringHasher
- extends java.lang.Object
Algorithm used to hash char arrays (strings).
This class was created after it was discovered that parsing some
documents was unexpectedly slow due to many different strings
hashing to the same 32-bit value using the java.lang.String hash
algorithm.
The trick seems to be the shift of the top eight bits of the hashcode
back down to the bottom to keep them from being rolled out.
- Version:
-
|
Method Summary |
static int |
finishHash(int hashcode)
finish hashing a partically completed character hashcode |
static int |
hashChar(int hashcode,
int ch)
generate partially completed character hashcode. |
static int |
hashChars(char[] chars,
int offset,
int length)
generate a hashcode for a character array |
static int |
hashString(java.lang.String str,
int strLength)
generate a hashcode for a String |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
clone,
equals,
finalize,
getClass,
hashCode,
notify,
notifyAll,
toString,
wait,
wait,
wait |
StringHasher
public StringHasher()
hashString
public static int hashString(java.lang.String str,
int strLength)
- generate a hashcode for a String
- Parameters:
str
- the String to hashstrLength
- the length of the String to hash- Returns:
- hashcode for the String
hashChars
public static int hashChars(char[] chars,
int offset,
int length)
- generate a hashcode for a character array
- Parameters:
chars
- the array to hashoffset
- the offset to start hashinglength
- the length of characters to hash- Returns:
- hashcode for the character array
hashChar
public static int hashChar(int hashcode,
int ch)
- generate partially completed character hashcode.
this is mean to be iterated over individual characters in order to generate
a full hash value
- Parameters:
hashcode
- a partially completed character hashcodech
- the character to hash- Returns:
- a partially completed character hashcode
- See Also:
finishHash(int)
finishHash
public static int finishHash(int hashcode)
- finish hashing a partically completed character hashcode
- Parameters:
hashcode
- a partially completed character hashcode- Returns:
- a character hashcode
- See Also:
hashChar(int,int)
Copyright © 1999-2001 Apache XML Project. All Rights Reserved.


B.Verkin ILTPE of NASU –
B. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering
of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 47 Nauky Ave.,
Kharkiv, 61103
Date of Birth 26.04. 1953
Graduated from Kharkov State University in1976.
PhD Phys & Math, Donetsk State University, 1981.
From 2004 – senior researcher.
Senior Researcher (Theoretical Physics, 2007)
Leader of the B. Verkin ILTPE of NASU Trade Union Committee.
See E.S. Syrkin & S.B. Feodosyev


ESPnet
GitHub
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(current)
Colors
{% for c in Global.color_themes %}
{{c}}
{% endfor %}
Servers
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{% block content %} {% endblock %}


England strike early in New Zealand innings in first test
Tim Southee finally got some reward for a solid bowling performance on the first day as he sparked a mini-collapse in England's batting before the tourists reached 329-8 at lunch on the second day of the first test at Bay Oval on Friday.
WELLINGTON: Jeet Raval and Kane Williamson were rebuilding New Zealand's innings after the loss of opener Tom Latham for eight as the hosts reached 50-1 at tea on the second day of the first test against England at Bay Oval on Friday.
Williamson was 23 not out while opener Raval was on 10 as New Zealand began their pursuit of England's 353 in Mt. Maunganui after Neil Wagner had wrapped up the tourists' innings about an hour after the lunch break.
Latham was the only New Zealand wicket to fall when he was trapped in front by Sam Curran in the left-armer's first over.
There was some debate as to whether Latham had nicked the ball onto his pad, but he chose not to review the decision.
Wagner finished off England's innings when he bowled Stuart Broad for one having broken an important 52-run partnership between Jos Buttler (43) and Jack Leach in his previous over when he had Buttler caught at deep point by Mitchell Santner.
Santner had actually been off the field signing autographs shortly before Wagner began his run up and was perhaps unsighted by the wicketkeeper-batsman, who had been dropped by Raval in a similar position in the previous over.
Buttler's partnership with Leach thwarted New Zealand's push to bowl them out before lunch after Tim Southee sparked a mini-collapse with three quick wickets and a sharp catch in the slips.
Southee was on a hat-trick as England slumped from 277-4 to 286-7 and then 295-8 before Buttler and Leach combined.
Ben Stokes top scored with 91 before his dismissal sparked the collapse. Southee finished with 4-88 and could have had a five-wicket haul had Raval not dropped Buttler.
(Reporting by Greg Stutchbury; Editing by Peter Rutherford)


CONGO [Spoilers] A film review by Rob Furr Copyright 1995 Rob Furr
Ask yourself this question: "How much would I pay to spend about two hours in an air-conditioned, dark room?" If your answer is higher than the price of a movie ticket in your area, then, by all means, go see CONGO this week.
That's the only real reason to go see CONGO. If the temperatures in your area are above ninety degrees, it's humid, the air conditioning in your apartment is out, there's only one theatre in town, and you only have two hours to kill before you have to be somewhere, then it's possible that going to see CONGO might be worth while.
Maybe.
It's been a long time since I've seen a big-budget summer action film as boring as CONGO. It's been about as long since I've seen a movie as badly made as CONGO, and, I hope, it'll be even longer since I see a movie like this again. (Of course, with WATERWORLD coming out soon, my hopes are not high.)
Remember those dreadful cheap jungle flicks from, oh, the mid-eighties? THE PERILS OF GWENDOLINE IN THE LAND OF YIK YAK? That sort of thing? The makers of CONGO obviously derived their inspiration from those films, instead of the jungle action films from the black and white era that were actually good. The plot makes as much sense (i.e., none,) the characterization is of the same quality (i.e., rotten,) the acting is of the same caliber (i.e., pretty damn rotten,) and the effects are just as good (i.e., not very.)
The story is ... well, I'll try to sum up: An expedition to the Congo finds really nifty diamons, which can be used to turn a laser into the Death Star's main gun. Unfortunately, just as they find the laser, the expedition gets killed by ugly thingies. The leader of the expedition is the son of the evil nasty businessman, who sends his son's fiance' into the jungle to find the diamonds. He doesn't care about his son, he just wants the diamonds, because, apparently, he needs a laser that can vaporize people on the Moon. This irritates the fiance' to no end. Meanwhile, a primatologist and his buddy (who has VICTIM stamped on his forehead in big letters from the instant he appears) decide that their ape, who's learned sign language, wants to go home. They can't afford to take her home, until a Rumanian shows up and offers to pay for the trip. Meanwhile, the fiance also shows up, takes over the expedition, and everybody flies to the Congo, where the evil nasty businessman has arranged for porters and equipment and guns. At this point, for no readily apparent reason, things start exploding. Things continue to explode for about half an hour, as the expedition, which is showing signs of Hollywood Conflict, proceeds into the jungle. We discover that the Rumanian wants to discover the Lost City of Zinj, where Solomon got his diamonds from, and he thinks the ape that's going home knows where it is. We also discover that Tim Curry can't do a Rumanian accent, but that's not important right now. What is important is that nothing much happens for another half an hour, until the expedition reaches the Lost City of Zinj, and people start getting their heads ripped off. One thing leads to another, and eventually everybody dies except for three people, who escape from the ugly thingies, the exploding volcano, and the Shaking Hollywood Disaster Landscape (left over from EARTHQUAKE, I'd assume), in a balloon, which completely ignores the fact that, during the half an hour when things exploded, we discovered that the area around the Congo is filled to the brim with surly people with anti-aircraft missiles who don't like people flying over the landscape.
There.
You now no longer need to see CONGO.  They rip everybody's heads off, but in such a way that you don't *care* who ripped whose head off. For many of these characters, missing one's head could only improve things.
However, the plot synopsis only shows one thing--the utter silliness of the plot, and a silly plot is not enough to make a movie bad. What makes this movie bad is the rest of it--*every* aspect of it is rotten. The cinematography manages to completely fail at capturing any sense of spectacle or grandeur. The special effects are bad--the people in gorilla suits look like people in gorilla suits, which, in a film like this, is fatal. The sets look like sets. You can tell immediately when the film moves from shot-on-location to shot-in-a-warehouse-somewhere. The acting is boring (except for Ernie Hudson and Bruce Campbell, who are so much better than the rest of the actors in this piece of tripe that you feel sorry for them wasting their talent like this.)
And, what's more offensive, it's stereotypical Crichton. Yup. Mister I-Hate-Science himself is responsible for this travesty. There's a truly insulting sequence where one scientist, who theoretically has a doctorate, asks another scientist why he taught an ape to speak. The answer is *incredibly* annoying ("No reason," he says,) and the question is more so--in essence, the screenplay portrays science as something that is done for either a: completely ruthless exploitation, or b: aesthetic reasons which will never ever amount to anything. I can only imagine what happened to Crichton when he was young: possibly, he was frightened by Mister Wizard and has harbored a deep and abiding loathing of anyone daring to figure anything out ever since.
The movie doesn't even get bad *enough*, which is the worst bit of all. If it had gone through rottenness and out the other side, it could have been entertaining, if not good. It could have tried for camp, for tongue-in-cheek thrills. It didn't. It played it straight, and it's the worse for it, because it is so utterly, unredeemably boring. On the Furr Scale (I rate films on ambition as well as quality - you can't rate EVIL DEAD II on the same scale as THE RIGHT STUFF, for instance. An okay movie that tried to be great is different from a great 'bad' movie. ROBOCOP, for instance, is a three-star three star movie; a pretty good movie that aimed fairly high. HEAVEN'S GATE was a one-star four star movie; a bad movie that tried to be great. SOAPDISH was a three-star two star movie; a very good movie that didn't aim as high as it might,) CONGO is a one-star three star movie. Boring, dull, and uninvolving are the *best* words to describe it--I could be more descriptive, but that'd make this review R, instead of PG-13...
-- Rob Furr's HTMLized .SIG is at http://www.groucho.com/
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


<%= description %>
See an example visualization of this component here.
You can add links to more demos here if needed.
Check out the code on GitHub.


Guessing Game
hello my name is mohammad silwadi and I am 24 years old
- I have civil engineer degree.
- I have one year experience as site engineer.
- my goal to finish this course.
top ten movies in box office
- Avatar >>> $2,847,246,203
- Avengers: Endgame >>> $2,797,501,328
- Titanic >>> $2,201,647,264
- Star Wars: Episode VII - The Force Awakens >>> $2,070,828,263
- Avengers: Infinity War >>> $2,048,359,754
- Jurassic World >>> $1,670,516,444
- The Lion King >>> $1,662,606,874
- The Avengers >>> $1,518,815,515
- Furious 7 >>> $1,515,255,622
- Frozen II >>> $1,450,026,933


Pasco County woman arrested for child abuse
by WFTX Digital TeamPASCO COUNTY, Fla. — A Pasco County woman is in jail after a video was sent into Pasco County Sheriffs showing abuse towards a child.
A police report states Jenna Leigh Johns, 28, can be seen punching a child in the face and stomach multiple times.
Police reached out to the victim who was five years old and told police when Johns drinks alcohol; she gets physical with him.
When questions, Johns says, she blacked out and did not remember the incident. She then remembered what happened and said the child was misbehaving, and she did not hit him.
Johns was arrested and charged with child abuse.


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