FAQs
A: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory illness that can spread from person to person. CDC has information on COVID-19 symptoms and caring for yourself and others. COVID-19 is a new disease, caused by a novel (or new) coronavirus that has not previously been seen in humans.
A: COVID-19 is thought to spread mainly through close contact from person-to-person. Some people without symptoms may be able to spread the virus. We are still learning about how the virus spreads and the severity of illness it causes. The CDC has additional information on how COVID-19 spreads.
A: The best way to prevent the spread of infections and decrease the risk of getting sick is by washing your hands with plain soap and water, advises the CDC. Washing hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds is essential, especially after going to the bathroom; before eating; and after coughing, sneezing, or blowing one’s nose. If soap and water are not available, CDC recommends consumers use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol.
A: The best way to prevent illness is to avoid being exposed to the virus. CDC recommends everyday preventive actions to help prevent the spread of respiratory diseases.CDC recommends washing your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds especially after you have been in a public place, or after blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing. If soap and water are not available, CDC recommends using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains at least 60 percent alcohol.
A: Currently there are no FDA-approved medicines specifically for COVID-19. However, the FDA has granted emergency use authorizations for some medicines to be used for certain patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The National Institutes of Health provides more information about treatment options.People with COVID-19 should receive supportive care to help relieve symptoms. People with mild symptoms are able to recover at home. If you experience a medical emergency such as trouble breathing, call 911 and let the operator know you may have COVID-19. Never take a prescription medicine or drug if it is not prescribed for you by your doctor for your health condition.
A: Look for emergency warning signs* for COVID-19. If someone is showing any of these signs, seek emergency medical care immediately -Trouble breathing -Persistent pain or pressure in the chest -New confusion -Inability to wake or stay awake -Bluish lips or face
A: Preventing the spread of COVID-19 requires that everyone in our community be mindful and vigilant about staying safe.Wearing a mask or face covering is one tool to protect an individual’s own health and the health of others, but it does not replace social distancing.
A: There is currently no vaccine to prevent COVID-19. The best way to prevent illness is to avoid being exposed to the virus. We recommend the following actions to help prevent the spread of respiratory disease: -Stay home when you are sick -Avoid close contact with people who are sick -Wash hands, multiple times a day, with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. An alcohol-based hand sanitizer can be used if soap and water are not available -Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth with unwashed hands -Cover your cough or sneeze with a tissue, then throw the tissue in a trash -Clean and disinfect frequently touched objects and surfaces -Get the flu vaccine
A: Someone who is actively sick with COVID-19 can spread the illness to others. DC Health recommends that these patients be isolated either in the hospital or at home (depending on how sick they are) until they are better and no longer pose a risk of infecting others.
A: Counter stigma by learning and sharing facts. Communicating the facts that viruses do not target specific racial or ethnic groups and how COVID-19 actually spreads can help stop stigma.Stigma hurts everyone by creating more fear or anger towards ordinary people instead of the disease that is causing the problem.


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SensESP
0.5.1
Universal Signal K sensor framework for ESP8266 and ESP32
|
#include <valueproducer.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| ValueProducer () | |
| virtual const T & | get () |
| void | connect_to (ValueConsumer< T > *consumer, uint8_t input_channel=0) |
| void | connectTo (ValueConsumer< T > *consumer, uint8_t input_channel=0) |
| template<typename T2 > | |
| Transform< T, T2 > * | connect_to (Transform< T, T2 > *consumer_producer, uint8_t input_channel=0) |
| template<typename T2 > | |
| Transform< T, T2 > * | connectTo (Transform< T, T2 > *consumer_producer, uint8_t input_channel=0) |
Protected Attributes | |
| T | output |
A ValueProducer<> is any sensor or piece of code that outputs a value for consumption elsewhere. They are Observable, allowing code to be notified whenever a new value is available. They can be connected directly to ValueConsumers of the same type using the connect_to() method.
Definition at line 20 of file valueproducer.h.
|
inline |
Definition at line 22 of file valueproducer.h.
|
inline |
If the consumer this producer is connecting to is ALSO a producer of values of the same type, connect_to() calls can be chained together, as this specialized version returns the producer/consumer being conencted to so connect_to() can be called on THAT object.
| input_channel | Consumers can have one or more inputs feeding them This parameter allows you to specify which input number this producer is connecting to. For single input consumers, leave the index at zero. |
Definition at line 64 of file valueproducer.h.
|
inline |
Connects this producer to the specified consumer, registering that consumer for notifications to when this producer's value changes
| input_channel | Consumers can have one or more inputs feeding them This parameter allows you to specify which input number this producer is connecting to. For single input consumers, leave the index at zero. |
Definition at line 38 of file valueproducer.h.
|
inline |
Definition at line 75 of file valueproducer.h.
|
inline |
Definition at line 46 of file valueproducer.h.
|
inlinevirtual |
Returns the current value of this producer
Definition at line 27 of file valueproducer.h.
|
protected |
The current value of this producer is stored here in this output member (unless descendant classes override ValueProducer::get())
Definition at line 86 of file valueproducer.h.


--- layout: post title: RedHanded out-evangelizes the evangelizer categories: - praise author: admin published: true date: 2005-01-10 14:41:10.000000000 +00:00 ---
I thought I was on with my game of spotting every Rails praise around the net and reposting it here in the praise category, but apparently I need to be faster.
RedHanded, that wonderful blog by Ruby’s number one comedian/mind-bender, has just out-evangelized the evangelizer by scooping two great praises from Antonio Canigiano and Jason Perkins. Darn it, _wHY! :)


This is the right place to share your babies photos, and discuss with other parents
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Can't wait for the days when I put my kids to bed
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built in 1826, is the oldest lighthouse on the Hudson River. De-commissioned in 1925, it now stands as a historical reminder of the importance of lighthouses to commerce on the Hudson River.
Battle of Stony Point, one of the last Revolutionary War battles in the northeastern colonies. This is where Brigadier General Anthony Wayne led his corps of Continental Light Infantry in a daring midnight attack on the British, seizing the site's fortifications and taking the soldiers and camp followers at the British garrison as prisoners on July 16, 1779.
Harriman State Park, located in Rockland and Orange counties, features over 30 lakes and reservoirs, 200+ miles of hiking trails, three beaches, two public camping areas, a network of group camps, miles of streams and scenic roads, and scores of wildlife species, vistas and vantage points.
Plans for the bridge date as far back as 1868, when the first charter for a railroad bridge was obtained. The initial proposal by General Edward W. Serrell, which was featured in a Harper's Weekly article, employed a suspension span design similar to that of the Brooklyn Bridge.
The mission of the West Point Museum is to collect, preserve, exhibit, and interpret historically significant artifacts pertaining to the United States Military Academy, United States Army and the Profession of Arms.
 In the 1950’s, he opened the main diner in Nyack
The Visitors Center provides an excellent starting point for all visitors to the U.S. Military Academy. The Visitors Center and West Point Museum are open to the general public on a daily basis.
Check out more about Stony Point & Bear Mountain: Read More about Stony Point.


RestroEmmit
'_'
We serve your Hunger
Select Your food :
Id :
Name :
Description:
Small Price :
Large Price:
Small portion name:
Large portion name:


sum
, what does the output represent?X_binom <- rbinom(n = 1000, size = 1, prob = 0.5)
sum(X_binom)
X2_binom <- rbinom(n = 1, size = 1000, prob = 0.5)
X2_binom
X_rnaseq <- rpois(n = 100, lambda = 3)
hist(X_rnaseq, freq = FALSE)
lines(x = seq(0, max(X_rnaseq), length.out = 1000), y = dnorm(x = seq(0, max(X_rnaseq),
length.out = 1000), mean = mean(X_rnaseq), sd = sd(X_rnaseq)))
X_height <- rnorm(n = 1000, mean = 1.8, sd = 0.1)
hist(X_height, freq = FALSE)
lines(x = seq(0, max(X_height), length.out = 1000), y = dnorm(x = seq(0, max(X_height),
length.out = 1000), mean = mean(X_height), sd = sd(X_height)))
# text(x = min(X_height), y = 3, pos = 4, labels = paste0('mean = ',
# round(mean(X_height),3),'\n','sd = ',round(sd(X_height),3)))
outp <- replicate(1000, {
X_1 <- rnorm(100, 1.8, 0.1)
X_2 <- rnorm(100, 1.8, 0.1)
mean(X_1)
mean(X_2)
t.test(X_1, X_2)$p.value < 0.05
})
mean(outp)
outp <- replicate(1000, {
X_1 <- rpois(100, 3)
X_2 <- rpois(100, 3)
mean(X_1)
mean(X_2)
t.test(X_1, X_2)$p.value < 0.05
})
mean(outp)
In this exercise, we will do a small power analysis. In such analysis, the power to detect a difference is investigated. It is expected that as the means are more different, the rejection fraction will be higher.
second_mean
that outputs the mean across 1000 times whether it concluded rejection of the null-hypothesis of equality between means. However, simulate the second group using as mean second_mean
. A small hint: wrap the function around the above code and change the second true mean with the second_mean
.second_mean
equal to the first mean. Then try out several other values. When is the rejection fraction around 50%?power_analysis <- function(second_mean = 3) {
outp <- replicate(1000, {
X_1 <- rpois(100, 3)
X_2 <- rpois(100, second_mean)
mean(X_1)
mean(X_2)
t.test(X_1, X_2)$p.value < 0.05
})
mean(outp)
}
plot(seq(3, 5, length.out = 10), sapply(seq(3, 5, length.out = 10), power_analysis),
ylab = "rejection fraction")
In the previous section we learned how p-values can be used to decide whether two means are significantly different. In this subsection, we are testing many features at the same time. This is also referred to as the multiple comparison or multiple testing or multiplicity problem. The problem here is that when performing many tests and compare them independently with 0.05, the proportion of false positives becomes very large (and not 5%).
outp <- replicate(10000, {
X_1 <- rnorm(20, 1.8, 0.1)
X_2 <- rnorm(20, 1.8, 0.1)
t.test(X_1, X_2)$p.value < 0.05
})
sum(outp)
Generate a simulation where 10000 genes are poisson distributed with the same rate parameter for both groups, with sample size 20 in each group. Adjust the code such that the first 100 genes are truly differentially expressed, by increasing the rate for one group.
DEgenes <- 1:100
outp <- sapply(1:10000, function(gene_i) {
X_1 <- rpois(n = 20, lambda = 3)
X_2 <- rpois(n = 20, lambda = ifelse(gene_i %in% DEgenes, 5, 3))
return(t.test(X_1, X_2)$p.value)
})
sum(outp < (0.05))
sum(outp < (0.05/10000))
In this exercise, we are going to show how the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure works to control the FDR on 0.05.
DEgenes <- 1:100
p_vals_init <- sapply(1:1000, function(gene_i) {
X_1 <- rpois(n = 20, lambda = 3)
X_2 <- rpois(n = 20, lambda = ifelse(gene_i %in% DEgenes, 5, 3))
return(t.test(X_1, X_2)$p.value)
})
V <- c(rep(FALSE, 100), rep(TRUE, 1000 - 100))
R <- p_vals_init < 0.05
sum(V & R)/sum(R)
R.bf <- p_vals_init < (0.05/1000)
ifelse(sum(R.bf) == 0, 0, sum(V & R.bf)/sum(R.bf))
plot(sort(p_vals_init)[1:150])
abline(a = 0, b = 0.05/1000)
max(which(sort(p_vals_init) < (1:1000) * 0.05/1000))
abline(v = max(which(sort(p_vals_init) < (1:1000) * 0.05/1000)))
p.adjust
function to obtain FDR adjusted p-values. Plot these values and find how many adjusted p-values fall below 0.05.p_vals_adj <- p.adjust(p_vals_init, method = "fdr")
plot(sort(p_vals_adj)[1:150])
abline(h = 0.05)
max(which(sort(p_vals_adj) < 0.05)) == max(which(sort(p_vals_init) < (1:1000) *
0.05/1000))
abline(v = max(which(sort(p_vals_adj) < 0.05)))


Introduced in Excel 10 (2002) this record is an FRT record. This record is for worksheet-specific data that is new for Excel 10 (2002), and is currently only used to store colored sheet tab information, if any.
Record Data
|
Offset |
Name |
Size |
Contents |
|
4 |
rt |
2 |
Record type; this matches the BIFF rt in the first two bytes of the record; =0862h |
|
6 |
grbitFrt |
2 |
FRT flags; must be zero |
|
8 |
(unused) |
8 |
Reserved; must be zero |
|
16 |
cb |
4 |
=14h (Record size minus 4); may be larger in the future |
|
20 |
rgbShxData |
4 |
Colored tab info and reserved bits; may be larger in future; see the following description |
The rgbShxData field contains the following option flags:
|
Bits |
Mask |
Name |
Contents |
|
6-0 |
0000007Fh |
icv |
Index to the color palette for the colored sheet tab for this worksheet. |
|
31-7 |
FFFFFF80h |
(Reserved) |
Reserved; must be zero |


Experienced Client Relationship Manager with a demonstrated history of working in the internet industry. Skilled in Digital Strategy, Content Management Systems (CMS), System Integration Testing, Account Management, and Software Documentation. Strong sales professional graduated from University of the West of England.


{{define "home"}}
A stake pool is used to delegate your voting powers to a third party (the pool). The pool cannot steal your funds. Participating in a stake pool is perfect for people who wish to take part in EXCCoin's proof of stake voting but can't due to:
The source code is available at GitHub.


Ion Channels in C. elegans
ChannelWorm
The aim of the ChannelWorm is to integrate information and tools related to modeling ion channels in C. elegans for the OpenWorm Project.
View
Dataset
Ion Channel Dataset
A dataset of patch clamp data from publications which have been curated and digitized for ion channel modeling and data analysis.
View
Reference Management
OpenWorm scholar
Using Open Scholar to automatically search for, collect, categorize, and notify new publications related to the OpenWorm subprojects.
View


Cageify takes all of your images and turns them in to Cage!
All images will even be loaded at their existing width and height!


|
RCI Message Board
1.0
https://github.com/Jguer/RCI-Message-Board
|
#include "struct_message.h"
Go to the source code of this file.
Data Structures | |
| struct | _message |
Functions | |
| char * | get_string (message this) |
| int | get_lc (message this) |
| char * | get_first_n_messages (matrix msg_matrix, int n, int MODE) |
| void | set_lc (message this, uint_fast32_t new_lc) |
| message | new_message (char *src) |
| void | free_message (item got_item) |
| void | print_message_plain (item got_item) |
| void | print_message (item got_item) |
Variables | |
| uint_fast32_t | g_lc |
| void free_message | ( | item | got_item | ) |
Definition at line 104 of file struct_message.c.
| char* get_first_n_messages | ( | matrix | msg_matrix, |
| int | n, | ||
| int | MODE | ||
| ) |
Definition at line 19 of file struct_message.c.
| int get_lc | ( | message | this | ) |
Definition at line 15 of file struct_message.c.
| char* get_string | ( | message | this | ) |
Definition at line 11 of file struct_message.c.
| message new_message | ( | char * | src | ) |
Definition at line 91 of file struct_message.c.
| void print_message | ( | item | got_item | ) |
Definition at line 127 of file struct_message.c.
| void print_message_plain | ( | item | got_item | ) |
Definition at line 115 of file struct_message.c.
| void set_lc | ( | message | this, |
| uint_fast32_t | new_lc | ||
| ) |
Definition at line 85 of file struct_message.c.
| uint_fast32_t g_lc |
Definition at line 8 of file struct_message.c.


Location Felton, California - Henry Cowell Redwoods State Park
Photographer @brycehoffhous
Location Felton, California - Henry Cowell Redwoods State Park
Photographer @brycehoffhous
Location Boston, Massachusetts - Charles River
Photographer @brycehoffhous
Location Boston, Massachusetts - Little Italy
Photographer @brycehoffhous


Travelbytes
Welcome to Travelbytes mobile notification tester.
Testing App for Apple APNS
Clear message
Back to home


In rare instances, additional button colors may be needed beyond the standard set. If that comes up, you may set buttonStyle to any of the colors from the primary or secondary palettes.
buttonStyle


[% page.title = "Perl 5.8.2 Release Announcement" %]
The Perl 5 developer team is pleased to announce the Perl Release 5.8.2, the second maintenance release of Perl 5.8
Perl 5.8.2 is available via the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network
The MD5 sum for the perl-5.8.2.tar.gz is fa356b74f99166b63a68a322c3c68f91 size 11896287 bytes.
The distribution is available on CPAN as perl-5.8.2.tar.bz2, MD5 sum a312dd80922b88c6b33b2e1319470a35 size 9424944 bytes
5.8.2 is being released to fix minor binary incompatibilities discovered between 5.8.1 and 5.8.0. 5.8.2 is fully binary compatible with 5.8.0, and wherever possible also binary compatible with 5.8.1. The release also provides other minor bugfixes, including several for ithreads. Please see the perldelta for the full details.
This is a source code release, not a binary release. You will need a C development environment to build the sources. Binary releases will be made available by various vendors.
The current plan is that there will be both 5.6.2 and 5.8.3 releases. 5.6.2 is expected soon, and concentrates on just getting the 5.6 sources to compile with more modern compiler and operating system releases. 5.8.3 is planed for release in early 2004, concentrating on bug fixing and stability, and will be followed by further 5.8.x releases roughly quarterly. The work on the 5.9 branch has been started and it will culminate in 5.10.0.
To build and install Perl, and to find out how to report problems, please read the INSTALL file, and any relevant README.platform file.
As specified in the licences for Perl (see the files named Artistic or Copying), THIS PACKAGE IS PROVIDED WITH ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
As always, you should conduct an appropriate level of testing before using any new product in your production environment.
The "perldelta", which describes the most important changes for this release is available in the source distribution, or at:
http://search.cpan.org/src/NWCLARK/perl-5.8.2/pod/perldelta.pod
If you missed the Perl 5.8.1 announcement:
http://dev.perl
You can find much more about Perl at:
-- Nicholas Clark, on behalf of the Perl5 Porters 2003-11-05


WELCOME TO MY SITE
Anand here! Good to see you ;)
Here are some of my fav websites:
This is a link to GitHub
This is a link to Reddit
This is a link to 4chan


Class ProfileExtensions
Profile extension methods.
Inheritance
System.Object
ProfileExtensions
Inherited Members
System.Object.Equals(System.Object)
System.Object.Equals(System.Object, System.Object)
System.Object.GetHashCode()
System.Object.GetType()
System.Object.MemberwiseClone()
System.Object.ReferenceEquals(System.Object, System.Object)
System.Object.ToString()
Namespace: Elements.Geometry
Assembly: Hypar.Elements.dll
Syntax
public static class ProfileExtensions
Methods
Cleaned(IEnumerable<Profile>, Double)
For a given collection of profiles, make sure vertices within tolerance of each other are at the same location. This is especially useful for profiles that need to be edited in the Hypar interface via an override.
⚠ Note: this is not a highly precise routine, and the shapes of the input profiles may be slightly distorted as a result.
Declaration
public static List<Profile> Cleaned(this IEnumerable<Profile> profiles, double tolerance = 0.01)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<Profile> | profiles | The profiles to clean. |
| System.Double | tolerance | Below this distance, similar points will be merged. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Collections.Generic.List<Profile> | A cleaned list of profiles. |
PropagateAdditionalProperties(IEnumerable<Profile>, Profile)
Copy the "additional properties" metadata from one profile to another set of profiles.
Declaration
public static void PropagateAdditionalProperties(this IEnumerable<Profile> profiles, Profile source)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<Profile> | profiles | The target profiles receiving the new data. |
| Profile | source | The source profiles from which the additional properties will be copied. |


return
, throw
, break
, continue
, and yield
statements that are used inside finally
blocks.
These cause the finally
block to not complete normally but to complete abruptly.
Any exceptions thrown from the try
and catch
blocks of the same try
-catch
statement will be suppressed.
Example:
void x() {
try {
throw new RuntimeException();
} finally {
// if bar() returns true, the RuntimeException will be suppressed
if (bar()) return;
}
}


Home
Ammo
Ranges
PDTE
DTMS
Schools
UTM
Weekly Training Report
Headquarters, I Corps
Reporting Unit
2/2 SBCT
3/2 SBCT
4/2 SBCT
Report DTG:
Commander's Comments
Submit Report
Commander's Comments


Pitso Throws Gauntlet – Warns Chiefs, Pirates
by Soccer LadumaMamelodi Sundowns coach Pitso Mosimane disputes suggestions that only Kaizer Chiefs are their direct rivals in the Absa Premiership title race.
Amakhosi shot up 10 points clear of the reigning champions at the weekend following their victory in the Soweto Derby, while Sundowns suffered only their second defeat of the season away to Golden Arrows.
Read: Manyama: It's Not Such A Big Thing
But Mosimane argued it isn’t just Chiefs they are competing with – making the point that in six years, the Brazilians have won the title four times while in the race with Bidvest Wits and Orlando Pirates.
“Yes, Chiefs have the edge and it’s true because they are winning. If you say how, then that is your issue. But they are winning and taking their chances,” the coach told reporters.
“We have 15 teams as our rivals, not just Chiefs. Wits are our rivals, Pirates are our rivals, so is SuperSport United and all the other teams. And those you don’t mention have shown they are our rivals. So Chiefs is not our direct arrivals.”
Mosimane also called for calm as Downs have gone through a slump, having lost two of their previous three league games.
“I don’t want to focus on Chiefs. We ran a race for six years and have won the league four times. With Chiefs, Wits and Pirates for the last two years. We are running races my friend and we are happy to run races and lose them sometimes and sometimes we win them. It’s ok. We have a bigger programme than any other team in the PSL, so we can’t be emotional about this game,” said Mosimane.
Read: Mosimane's Plight - 'Four Provinces In Five Days'
Post Selfie’s On Soccer Laduma’s Social Media App & Earn Airtime and more! Download Now


World Scrabble champion defends crown with ‘Ghostier’
The move earned Nigel Richards a whopping 140 points and the title for a second year running.
Nigel Richards won the Mattel World Scrabble Championship for the second year running after a 140-point score helped him across the finish line.
Mr Richards, from New Zealand, beat Australian-born David Eldar 3-1 in a best-of-five match to claim the title and the 8,000-US dollar (£6,200) prize money.
The world number two, who has more than 20 years of Scrabble experience, competed against opponents from more than 15 countries to land the trophy.
The titanic tussle took place at Torquay Riviera Centre on Sunday, with the defending champion playing ‘GHOSTIER’ for 140 points en route to victory.
Mr Eldar did not leave empty-handed after his second-place finish, earning 3,500 US dollars (£2,700) for his efforts.


- get(int) - Method in class ms.ipp.iterable.tree.DelegatingTree
-
Returns the delegate with a given index.
- get(Class<T>) - Method in class ms.ipp.iterable.tree.DelegatingTree
-
Returns the first delegate in the list which is associated with a given Class
or null if none are found.
- get(String, Class<T>) - Method in interface ms.ipp.iterable.tree.Tree
-
Retrieves an element with a given path and which is of a given type.
- get(String) - Method in interface ms.ipp.iterable.tree.Tree
-
Equivalent to: get(path, getBaseClass())
.
- get(T, Map<T, ?>) - Static method in class ms.ipp.Iterables
-
Is equivalent to: get(key, attrs, (U) null);
- get(T, Map<T, ?>, U) - Static method in class ms.ipp.Iterables
-
Is equivalent to: get(key, attrs, () -> def);
- get(T, Map<T, ?>, Supplier<U>) - Static method in class ms.ipp.Iterables
-
Returns the element with a given key from a given map.
- getBaseClass() - Method in class ms.ipp.iterable.tree.AbstractTree
-
- getBaseClass() - Method in interface ms.ipp.iterable.tree.Tree
-
Returns the Class-object of the template-parameter F.
- getComparator() - Method in class ms.ipp.iterator.FilteredSpliterator
-
- getExactSizeIfKnown() - Method in class ms.ipp.iterator.FilteredSpliterator
-
- getExactSizeIfKnown() - Method in class ms.ipp.iterator.MappedSpliterator
-
- getIndexes(List<U>, List<U>) - Static method in class ms.ipp.Iterables
-
Returns an array which contains the indexes of the elements of
subList
in totalList
.
- getInsert(T, Map<T, List<U>>) - Static method in class ms.ipp.Iterables
-
Returns the list with a given key from a given map of lists.
- getInsert(T, Map<T, U>, Supplier<U>) - Static method in class ms.ipp.Iterables
-
Returns the element with a given key from a given map.
- getKey() - Method in class ms.ipp.base.KeyValue
-
- getPackage(String) - Static method in class ms.ipp.iterable.tree.path.StdPathManipulator
-
- getPathManipulator() - Method in class ms.ipp.iterable.tree.AbstractTree
-
- getPathManipulator() - Method in interface ms.ipp.iterable.tree.Tree
-
Returns the
PathManipulator
used to break the path into single levels
while recursively searching for elements by their path.
- getRecursion() - Method in class ms.ipp.iterable.tree.AbstractTree
-
- getRecursion() - Method in interface ms.ipp.iterable.tree.Tree
-
Returns the recursion mode.
- getRoot(String) - Method in interface ms.ipp.iterable.tree.path.PathManipulator
-
- getRoot(String) - Method in class ms.ipp.iterable.tree.path.StdPathManipulator
-
- getRoot(String) - Method in class ms.ipp.iterable.tree.path.TrivialPathManipulator
-
Returns the entire name as the root and an empty string as a suffix.
- getSource() - Method in class ms.ipp.iterable.ProxyBiIterable
-
- getValue() - Method in class ms.ipp.base.KeyValue
-


|
| | MemcachedCache () |
| | Creates a new instance of this cache. More...
|
| |
| override void | Configure (ConfigParams config) |
| | Configures component by passing configuration parameters. More...
|
| |
| override void | SetReferences (IReferences references) |
| | Sets references to dependent components. More...
|
| |
| override bool | IsOpen () |
| | Checks if the component is opened. More...
|
| |
| override async Task | OpenAsync (string correlationId) |
| | Opens the component. More...
|
| |
| override async Task | CloseAsync (string correlationId) |
| | Closes component and frees used resources. More...
|
| |
| override async Task< T > | RetrieveAsync< T > (string correlationId, string key) |
| | Retrieves cached value from the cache using its key. If value is missing in the cache or expired it returns null. More...
|
| |
| override async Task< T > | StoreAsync< T > (string correlationId, string key, T value, long timeout) |
| | Stores value in the cache with expiration time. More...
|
| |
| override async Task | RemoveAsync (string correlationId, string key) |
| | Removes a value from the cache by its key. More...
|
| |
Distributed cache that stores values in Memcaches caching service.
The current implementation does not support authentication.
connection(s):
- discovery_key: (optional) a key to retrieve the connection from IDiscovery
- host: host name or IP address
- port: port number
- uri: resource URI or connection string with all parameters in it
options:
- max_size: maximum number of values stored in this cache (default: 1000)
- max_key_size: maximum key length (default: 250)
- max_expiration: maximum expiration duration in milliseconds (default: 2592000)
- max_value: maximum value length (default: 1048576)
- pool_size: pool size (default: 5)
- reconnect: reconnection timeout in milliseconds (default: 10 sec)
- retries: number of retries (default: 3)
- timeout: default caching timeout in milliseconds (default: 1 minute)
- failures: number of failures before stop retrying (default: 5)
- retry: retry timeout in milliseconds (default: 30 sec)
- idle: idle timeout before disconnect in milliseconds (default: 5 sec)
- *:discovery:*:*:1.0 (optional) IDiscovery services to resolve connection
cache.configure(ConfigParams.FromTuples(
"host", "localhost",
"port", 11211 ));
cache.Open("123");
cache.Store("123", "key1", "ABC");


ANDERSON, Evelyn Doris
Date of death: November 19, 2019
Date of birth: 2018
Age: 1
Location: Toronto, Ontario
Family
- Parents: Brian and Leanne (nee Bast) Anderson
- Siblings: Aubrey
- Grandparents: Grandma Debbie Bast, Grandpa Dean Bast, Grandma Janine Anderson and Papa Thomas Anderson
- Aunts and Uncles: Sean Connolly, Paul Riso, Ryan Bast, Katie Anderson, and Meaghan Riso
- Cousins: Emma, Olivia, Hannah and Nora
Visitation: Sunday, November 24, 2019, from 12-1 pm, at the Erb & Good Family Funeral Home, 171 King Street S., Waterloo.
Service: Sunday, November 24, 2019, at 1 pm, in the chapel of the funeral home. Reception to follow.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block page_title %}Novels Project{% endblock %} {% block content %}
The Novels Project gathers digitizations of novels published between 1770 and 1915.
The Novels Project gathers and commissions digitizations (scans and digital editions) of novels published between 1770 and 1915. Currently the project focuses on collecting a representative sample (i.e., a simple random sample) of novels published in the British Isles between 1800 and 1836.
Thousands of novels published between 1770 and 1915 survive in library collections around the globe. For example, of the 2,900 novels published between 1800 and 1836 in the British Isles, ninety-nine percent survive. Only a bare majority have been scanned.
Contributions are welcome. Please open an issue on GitHub if you have located a digitization suitable for inclusion.
The API endpoint {{ novels_api_addr }} exposes the following resources:
Bulk data access is available and welcomed. The Novels Project database is backed by a git repository. You can clone that repository or download a snapshot.
Thanks to Laura Braunstein and the Dartmouth Libraries for help in the digitization of Zulma (1813).


Order Form
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expect.async(...)
Unexpected comes with build in support for asynchronous assertions.
Internally Unexpected uses promises to orchestrate the asynchronous computation and in test frameworks like Mocha that supports promises out of the box, you will be able to just return the promise of an asynchronous assertion:
describe('asynchronous testing', function () {
it('should be fun', function () {
return expect(middleware, 'to yield exchange', {
request: { url: '/hello' },
response: { statusCode: 200 }
});
});
});
For test frameworks that only supports a done-callback, we provide a wrapper function:
describe('asynchronous testing', function () {
it('should be fun', expect.async(function () {
return expect(middleware, 'to yield exchange', {
request: { url: '/hello' },
response: { statusCode: 200 }
});
}));
});


1. make an md for how to extend the customElements.define 2. make an md about how to add postPropagation callback on an element. we need two sniffers, and addLastEventListener. 3. then make the md about the defaultAction function. Assumption: the function is the last eventlistener. It then a) finds a new composedPath. b) make the list of default actions (bottom-up) using the static defaultAction on each element (and event.defaultPrevented), c). run each DA inside try catch (bottom up). Ok. we need to add 3! event listeners for the defaultAction sniffer. 1. capture sniffer if composedPath[0] is the same as the currentTarget, then 2. bubble sniffer if the target is the current event, and if the only adds a dynamic one at the target of the current event. If this one runs 2. bubble phase //to check for static props on a class, use classObj.defaultActions and then get the super of that class using Object.getPrototypeOf(type). When customElements.define is called, then we simply find all the defaultActions, for all super classes up to HTMLElement, and make a new static method for those. Then, we add the function for listing those arguments: Object.getPrototypeOf(this).constructor.defaultActions //to check for object methods, then classObj.prototype.methodName. That is simple. 1. we need a different structure for defaultActions on non-bubbling and bubbling events. This cannot be foreseen during propagation, because of the bubbling in at-target phase on non-bubbling events and the lack of defaultAction for bubbling events, they will simply find the top root, and then add an event listener there. defaultAction for non-bubbling events, they will find the last node, and Ok. I need to add a last event listener twice! First, a lastEvent listener is added on the node of the element itself. Then, the event listener moves itself to the end node, and position itself last there. That way, we know that the event listener will only ever run in bubble mode.


This inspection detects passing Application or Project as a parent disposable in plugin code. Such usage will lead to plugins not being unloaded correctly. Please see
Choosing a Disposable Parent
in SDK Docs.


This application is used to showcase Angularjs and the Playframework while learning basic Spanish phrases. The template this application is based on is the play-angular-require-seed template and consists of:


The following global MTA settings can be configured.
|
Option
|
Description
|
|
Authentication
|
-
Authentication should be enabled, to support mobile SMTP authentication users so that their email client can talk to the Zmail MTA.
-
TLS authentication only forces all SMTP auth to use Transaction Level Security (similar to SSL) to avoid passing passwords in the clear.
|
|
Network
|
-
Web mail MTA Host name and Web mail MTA Port. The MTA that the web server connects to for sending mail. The default port number is 25.
-
Relay MTA for external delivery. (e.g., the ISP requires that all mail originating from your network be relayed through their MTA) to which the Zmail Postfix relays non-local email. See Relay MTA for external delivery.
-
If Enable DNS lookups is checked, the Zmail MTA makes an explicit DNS query for the MX record of the recipient domain. If this option is disabled, set a relay host in the Relay MTA for external delivery.
|
|
Milter Server
|
- If Enable Milter Server is checked, the milter enforces the rules that are set p for who can send email to a distribution list.
|
|
Messages
|
-
Set the maximum messages size for a message and its attachments that can be received. Note: To set the maximum size for files uploaded to Briefcase, go to the Global Settings>General Information page.
-
This is enabled by default. Every email sent directly from the server includes the X-Originating-IP in the message header. This specifies the original sending IP of the email message the server is forwarding.
|
|
Protocol checks
|
|
|
DNS checks
|
-
To reject mail if the client’s IP address is unknown, the hostname in the greeting is unknown, or if the sender’s domain is unknown.
-
Add other email recipient restrictions to the List of RBLs text box.
|


EBD - Easton Bible DIctionary
Chisleu
CHISLEU
"CHISLEU "the name adopted from the Babylonians by the Jews after the Captivity for the third civil, or ninth ecclesiastical, month (
Nehemiah 1:1
;
Zechariah 7:1
). It corresponds nearly with the moon in November.
"CHISLEU "the name adopted from the Babylonians by the Jews after the Captivity for the third civil, or ninth ecclesiastical, month (Nehemiah 1:1; Zechariah 7:1). It corresponds nearly with the moon in November.


Otherwise, if the -output option was not
specified, bugpoint runs the test program with the C backend (which is
assumed to generate good code) to generate a reference output. Once
bugpoint has a reference output for the test program, it tries
executing it with the selected code generator. If the
selected code generator crashes, bugpoint starts the crash debugger on the code generator. Otherwise, if the
resulting output differs from the reference output, it assumes the difference
resulted from a code generator failure, and starts the code generator debugger.
Finally, if the output of the selected code generator matches the reference
output, bugpoint runs the test program after all of the LLVM passes
have been applied to it. If its output differs from the reference output, it
assumes the difference resulted from a failure in one of the LLVM passes, and
enters the miscompilation
debugger. Otherwise, there is no problem bugpoint can debug.
Next, bugpoint tries removing functions from the test program, to
reduce its size. Usually it is able to reduce a test program to a single
function, when debugging intraprocedural optimizations. Once the number of
functions has been reduced, it attempts to delete various edges in the control
flow graph, to reduce the size of the function as much as possible. Finally,
bugpoint deletes any individual LLVM instructions whose absence does
not eliminate the failure. At the end, bugpoint should tell you what
passes crash, give you a bytecode file, and give you instructions on how to
reproduce the failure with opt, analyze, or llc.
The code generator debugger attempts to narrow down the amount of code that
is being miscompiled by the selected code generator. To
do this, it takes the test program and partitions it into two pieces: one piece
which it compiles with the C backend (into a shared object), and one piece which
it runs with either the JIT or the static LLC compiler. It uses several
techniques to reduce the amount of code pushed through the LLVM code generator,
to reduce the potential scope of the problem. After it is finished, it emits
two bytecode files (called "test" [to be compiled with the code generator] and
"safe" [to be compiled with the C backend], respectively), and instructions for
reproducing the problem. The code generator debugger assumes that the C backend
produces good code.
bugpoint <bugpoint args> -args -- <program args>
The "--" right after the -args option tells
bugpoint to consider any options starting with - to be
part of the -args option, not as options to bugpoint
itself.
bugpoint <bugpoint args> -tool-args -- <tool args>
The "--" right after the -tool-args option tells
bugpoint to consider any options starting with - to be
part of the -tool-args option, not as options to
bugpoint itself. (See -args, above.)
bugpoint -load <plugin> -help
Design Philosophy
bugpoint is designed to be a useful tool without requiring any
hooks into the LLVM infrastructure at all. It works with any and all LLVM
passes and code generators, and does not need to "know" how they work. Because
of this, it may appear to do stupid things or miss obvious
simplifications. bugpoint is also designed to trade off programmer
time for computer time in the compiler-debugging process; consequently, it may
take a long period of (unattended) time to reduce a test case, but we feel it
is still worth it. Note that bugpoint is generally very quick unless
debugging a miscompilation where each test of the program (which requires
executing it) takes a long time.Automatic Debugger Selection
bugpoint reads each .bc or .ll file
specified on the command line and links them together into a single module,
called the test program. If any LLVM passes are
specified on the command line, it runs these passes on the test program. If
any of the passes crash, or if they produce malformed output (which causes the
verifier to abort),
bugpoint starts the crash debugger.Crash debugger
If an optimizer or code generator crashes, bugpoint will try as hard as
it can to reduce the list of passes (for optimizer crashes) and the size of the
test program. First, bugpoint figures out which combination of
optimizer passes triggers the bug. This is useful when debugging a problem
exposed by gccas, for example, because it runs over 38 passes.Code generator debugger
Miscompilation debugger
The miscompilation debugger works similarly to the code generator
debugger. It works by splitting the test program into two pieces, running the
optimizations specified on one piece, linking the two pieces back together,
and then executing the result.
It attempts to narrow down the list of passes to the one (or few) which are
causing the miscompilation, then reduce the portion of the test program which is
being miscompiled. The miscompilation debugger assumes that the selected
code generator is working properly.Advice for using bugpoint
bugpoint can be a remarkably useful tool, but it sometimes works in
non-obvious ways. Here are some hints and tips:
bugpoint ..... |& tee bugpoint.log
to get a copy of bugpoint's output in the file
bugpoint.log, as well as on your terminal.
OPTIONS
Load <library> into the test program whenever it is run.
This is useful if you are debugging programs which depend on non-LLVM
libraries (such as the X or curses libraries) to run.
Pass all arguments specified after -args to the
test program whenever it runs. Note that if any of
the <program args> start with a '-', you should use:
Pass all arguments specified after -tool-args to the
LLVM tool under test (llc, lli, etc.) whenever it runs.
You should use this option in the following way:
Assume a non-zero exit code or core dump from the test program is
a failure. Defaults to true.
Do not run the specified passes to clean up and reduce the size of the
test program. By default, bugpoint uses these passes internally
when attempting to reduce test programs. If you're trying to find
a bug in one of these passes, bugpoint may crash.
Print a summary of command line options.
Open <filename> and redirect the standard input of the
test program, whenever it runs, to come from that file.
Load the dynamic object <plugin> into bugpoint
itself. This object should register new
optimization passes. Once loaded, the object will add new command line
options to enable various optimizations. To see the new complete list
of optimizations, use the -help and -load options together:
EXIT STATUS
If bugpoint succeeds in finding a problem, it will exit with 0.
Otherwise, if an error occurs, it will exit with a non-zero value.
Maintained by the LLVM Team.


I opened the Blue Door which held a BAD THING.
Now if you want to switch you can choose the Green Door
or you can keep your first choice and open the Orange Door.


Maui police seek information on $1 million jewelry heist | Honolulu Star-Advertiser
A $50,000 reward is being offered for information leading to the arrest and conviction of those responsible for a $1 million robbery at a Lahaina jewelry store on Halloween, Maui police said Friday.
The robbery occurred at about 12:15 p.m. at Greenleaf Diamonds, 730 Front St., when a masked man entered and brandished a Glock-like, semi-automatic-looking pistol, police said.
The robber demanded three items from a display case that contained multiple other pieces of jewelry.
 The value of the three pieces of stolen jewelry totaled about $1.07 million.
Jewelers Mutual Insurance Co. is offering a $50,000 reward for information leading to a conviction in the robbery. The insurance company will also pay 10% of the cost of any merchandise recovered through the use of provided information.

Anyone with information on the heist is asked to email detective Matthew Brown at matthew.brown@mpd.net.


Literature
Dundalk Stadium announces book launch of 'The Story of Dundalk Stadium'
New Book
by David LynchDundalk Stadium is delighted to announce the launch of an exciting new book “The Story of Dundalk Stadium”, a celebration of Horse and Greyhound Racing at Dundalk since 1889.
The book is written by horse racing expert, John Kirwan, Bellewstown and renowned sports journalist Joe Carroll, Dundalk, edited by historian Fiona Ahern.
The Story of Dundalk Stadium celebrates the coming together of Dundalk’s two great racing traditions: horse racing which has taken place at Dowdallshill since 1889 and greyhound racing which, after almost seventy years in its former home at The Ramparts, is now thriving in one of the country’s finest facilities, Dundalk Stadium.
The book is described by Dundalk Stadium chairman Leo McCauley as “a treasury of facts and information that will inform and entertain all who share an interest in the Stadium and its contribution to life within Dundalk, Louth and the North East region generally”.
“Within its covers, readers will be fascinated by text, anecdotes, recollections, photographs, statistics and other material sourced from Dundalk Stadium’s own archives and from other material held in libraries, private collections, and within the horse and greyhound racing communities”.
Local Writers
John Kirwan - a writer deeply familiar with the subject matter of this latest book - has previously published similar works centred on Laytown and Bellewstown courses. As former editor of the Dundalk Democrat, his co-author, Joe Carroll is an equally well known and respected figure. As a distinguished journalist, his unique knowledge and perspective - gained from reporting on the issues and events that have shaped Dundalk Stadium’s history- are evident throughout its pages and make it a clever first book for the well-known journalist. .
Book Launch
Set to be launched at Dundalk Stadium on the evening of Monday, December 2nd next at 7.30pm, plans are currently being made to invite what is hoped will be a ‘who’s who’ of racing, sporting and of the broader social and community life in Dundalk and beyond.
Already, a number of well-known personalities are expected to attend.
In recognition of their desire to accommodate as many interested guests as possible at the launch event, Dundalk Stadium chief executive, Jim Martin has issued what he terms ‘an open invitation’ to all interested persons to attend the launch.


AutoTS
Zouwu AutoTS Quickstart
In this guide, we will show you how to use AutoTS for automated time series forecasting.
The general workflow using AutoTS contains below two steps.
- create a
AutoTSTrainer
to train aTSPipeline
, save it to file to use later or elsewhere if you wish. - use
TSPipeline
to do prediction, evaluation, and incremental fitting as well.
Refer to AutoTS notebook for demonstration how to use AutoTS to build a time series forcasting pipeline.
Refer to AutoTS API Guide for more details of AutoTS APIs.
Step 0: Prepare environment
Zouwu AutoTS needs below requirements to run.
- python 3.6 or 3.7
- pySpark
- analytics-zoo
- tensorflow>=1.15.0,<2.0.0
- h5py==2.10.0
- ray[tune]==0.8.4
- psutil
- aiohttp
- setproctitle
- pandas
- scikit-learn>=0.20.0,<=0.22.0
- requests
You can install above python dependencies manually. But we strongly recommend you to use Anaconda to prepare the environments, especially if you want to run automated training on a yarn cluster (yarn-client mode only).
conda create -n zoo python=3.7 #zoo is conda enviroment name, you can set another name you like.
conda activate zoo
pip install analytics-zoo[automl]==0.9.0.dev0 # or above
Step 1: Init Orca Context
You'll need RayOnSpark
for training with AutoTSTrainer
, so you should init an orca context with init_ray_on_spark=True
before auto training, and stop it after training is completed. Note orca context is not needed if you just use TSPipeline for inference, evaluation or incremental training.
from zoo.orca import init_orca_context, stop_orca_context
# run in local mode
init_orca_context(cluster_mode="local", cores=4, memory='2g', num_nodes=1, init_ray_on_spark=True)
# run in yarn client mode
init_orca_context(cluster_mode="yarn-client",
num_nodes=2, cores=2,
driver_memory="6g", driver_cores=4,
conda_name='zoo',
extra_memory_for_ray="10g",
object_store_memory='5g')
- Reference: Orca Context
Step 2: Create an AutoTSTrainer
To create an AutoTSTrainer. Specify below arguments in constructor. See below example.
dt_col
: the column specifying datetimetarget_col
: target column to predicthorizon
: num of steps to look forwardextra_feature_col
: a list of columns which are also included in input as features except target columnsearch_alg
: Optional(str). The search algorithm to use. We only support "bayesopt" and "skopt" for now. The default search_alg is None and variants will be generated according to the search method in search space.search_alg_params
: Optional(Dict). params of search_alg.scheduler
: Optional(str). Scheduler name. Allowed scheduler names are "fifo", "async_hyperband", "asynchyperband", "median_stopping_rule", "medianstopping", "hyperband", "hb_bohb", "pbt". The default scheduler is "fifo".scheduler_params
: Optional(Dict). Necessary params of scheduler.
from zoo.zouwu.autots.forecast import AutoTSTrainer
trainer = AutoTSTrainer(dt_col="datetime",
target_col="value",
horizon=1,
extra_features_col=None)
Step 3: Fit with AutoTSTrainer
Use AutoTSTrainer.fit
on train data and validation data. A TSPipeline will be returned.
ts_pipeline = trainer.fit(train_df, validation_df)
Both AutoTSTrainer and TSPipeline accepts data frames as input. An exmaple data frame looks like below.
| datetime | value | extra_feature_1 | extra_feature_2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-06-06 | 1.2 | 1 | 2 |
| 2019-06-07 | 2.3 | 0 | 2 |
Note: you should call stop_orca_context()
when your distributed automated training finishes.
For visualization, please refer to here.
Step 4: Further deployment with TSPipeline
Use TSPipeline.fit/evaluate/predict
to train pipeline (incremental fitting), evaluate or predict.
#incremental fitting
ts_pipeline.fit(new_train_df, new_val_df, epochs=10)
#evaluate
ts_pipeline.evalute(val_df)
ts_pipeline.predict(test_df)
Use TSPipeline.save/load
to load from file or save to file.
from zoo.zouwu.autots.forecast import TSPipeline
loaded_ppl = TSPipeline.load(file)
# ... do sth. e.g. incremental fitting
loaded_ppl.save(another_file)


We've spent eight whole weeks together learning code - but how much do you know about all the impressive women in the CFG: Girls Spring Class of 2017?


migraine children allodynia headache patients pain clinical Pain central sleep study symptoms Total sensitization chronic Migraine comorbidity tenderness Headache Pediatric quality Quality (–) {border-style adult JFM disability pericranial px;} #ffffff;} fibromyalgia migraine, present assessment childhood number Juvenile frequency catastrophizing patients. presented primary reported total Fibromyalgia associated migraine. pediatric Allodynia anxiety, features group life severe similar studies Physical adults criteria depression diagnosis n.s. patients, prevalence questionnaire (Table ANOVA Catastrophizing Pericranial Psychic Scale adolescents analysis anxiety aura compared confirmed depression, juvenile population presence px; score significantly test used {font-family (.–.) ./j.-...x MWA Rheumatol SDSC Scales Self-Administration Sig. Youths font-size higher large relevant selected ./s--- Disability Standard Tommaso allodynia, double; episodic evaluate includes life-Parent life-Patient life-parent life-patient parents psychiatric reduced regression results scales scores severity significant single tertiary time version young (Fig. Cephalalgia Chronic Curr International Italian JFM, Neurol PedMIDAS Sleep Table appeared association average border-color border-width characterized correlated data disturbances evolution facilitate factor frequently general high indicate life, observed possible routine solid; symptom using {font-style {font-weight < Assessment Bari Beta Children Classification Clinical Disturbance Frequency High Low Model PCS-S Regression Symptoms TTS according age age, assessed bold cases catastrophizing, center. characteristics children, considered correlation courier; degree diagnostic different disabling disorder disorders em; evaluated females groups groups, headache-related headache. headaches increased items onset order previous psychopathological pt;} questionnaires recent related scale showed square study. utility years


Internet Outage Database: Tutorials
Videos
API
Database Queries
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Online Tools
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New Schema
Datasets
Start
End
#Days
2011-07-26
2011-08-08
14 Days
2012-10-27
2012-11-09
14 Days
2014-07-01
2014-10-01
Still Being Populated


Welcome to The CV Maker!
Choose from varieties of templates | Make precise Resumes | Download and Share
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Fill academic and professional details
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Select your favourite template from the list of templates or find your institute's preferred resume format to make resumes for on-campus interviews.
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by uploading institute template


Money Game. How should Red play 33?
pips Red=141 White=145
(CorrectAnswer= 0/0, ErrorScore= 0)
How is Red going to win this?
He could mount a blitzing attack but his ammunition is not perfectly placed and White’s prime should give him pause for thought.
In fact, Red does best by trying to counter-prime White and force White’s prime to crack. The simple 8/5(2), 6/3(2) is by far the best play. Anything else is a blunder or worse. The half-way house play of 13/10, 11/5, 8/5, which was played over the board is a double blunder.
This is a position where taking the asset, rather than the threat of making an asset, is very important. Red wants his own prime as quickly as possible. You have herd it before but “Put them where where you want them” is still one of the most powerful adages in backgammon.
He could mount a blitzing attack but his ammunition is not perfectly placed and White’s prime should give him pause for thought.
In fact, Red does best by trying to counter-prime White and force White’s prime to crack. The simple 8/5(2), 6/3(2) is by far the best play. Anything else is a blunder or worse. The half-way house play of 13/10, 11/5, 8/5, which was played over the board is a double blunder.
This is a position where taking the asset, rather than the threat of making an asset, is very important. Red wants his own prime as quickly as possible. You have herd it before but “Put them where where you want them” is still one of the most powerful adages in backgammon.
1. Cubeful 2-ply 8/5(2) 6/3(2) Eq.: +0.180 0.479 0.173 0.007 - 0.521 0.117 0.005 2. Cubeful 2-ply 11/5 8/5 4/1* Eq.: +0.082 (-0.099) 0.447 0.163 0.006 - 0.553 0.127 0.005 3. Cubeful 2-ply 11/5 8/5 6/3 Eq.: +0.080 (-0.100) 0.447 0.157 0.006 - 0.553 0.126 0.005 4. Cubeful 2-ply 8/2* 8/5(2) Eq.: +0.070 (-0.110) 0.442 0.165 0.007 - 0.558 0.130 0.006 5. Cubeful 2-ply 13/10 11/5 8/5 Eq.: +0.054 (-0.126) 0.434 0.159 0.005 - 0.566 0.121 0.006


Woohoo! Somebody here! Hey
This application is an interface of the API written in Node.JS and deployed on OpenShift server. This app generate request to that server which is further full filled by scraping actual NeON Student site by that server. Server keep track of sessions to fulfil further requests.
Source Code NodeJS
https://github.com/soachishti/NeonStudentAPI
Main API Server
http://neonapi-fastnustudent.rhcloud.com/
To keep your session live we send a "token" in url request to keep session secure and to serve the requests.
After completing request this app (locally on your device) keep the result (your information) to speed up the experience and to support offline usage.
You can delete the data by going to Menu -> Setting -> Clear History and Log Out
We don't save password on API Server we delete it after logging in to NeON. For detail review routes/login.js in source code (line no ~64). For further request to NeON we keep NeON's session id on API server and these details are encrypted using AES 256 for detail review db.js in source code (line no ~45, ~62 and ~81)
Syed Owais Ali Chishti
Email: p146011@nu.edu.pk


spgrass6: Interface Between GRASS 6+ Geographical Information System and R
Interpreted interface between GRASS 6+ geographical
information system and R, based on starting R from within the GRASS
environment, or running free-standing R in a temporary GRASS location;
the package provides facilities for using all GRASS commands from the
R command line. This package may not be used for GRASS 7, for which
rgrass7 should be used.
| Version: |
0.8-9 |
| Depends: |
R (≥ 2.12), sp (≥ 0.9), XML |
| Imports: |
stats, utils, methods |
| Suggests: |
rgdal (≥ 0.8-8) |
| Published: |
2016-02-08 |
| Author: |
Roger Bivand [cre, aut],
Rainer Krug [ctb],
Markus Neteler [ctb] |
| Maintainer: |
Roger Bivand <Roger.Bivand at nhh.no> |
| License: |
GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)] |
| URL: |
http://grass.osgeo.org/ |
| NeedsCompilation: |
no |
| SystemRequirements: |
GRASS (>= 6.3, < 7) |
| Citation: |
spgrass6 citation info |
| Materials: |
ChangeLog |
| In views: |
Spatial |
| CRAN checks: |
spgrass6 results |
Downloads:
Reverse dependencies:
Linking:
Please use the canonical form
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=spgrass6
to link to this page.


sfBrowser simulates a browser which can surf a symfony application.
sfBrowserBase is the base class for sfBrowser.
sfCallable represents a PHP callable.
sfClassManipulator manipulates class code.
sfContext provides information about the current application context, such as the module and action names and the module directory.
sfDomCssSelector allows to navigate a DOM with CSS selector.
sfFilesystem provides basic utility to manipulate the file system.
Allow to build rules to find files and directories.
Match globbing patterns against text.
sfNamespacedParameterHolder provides a class for managing parameters with support for namespaces.
Numeric comparisons.
sfParameterHolder provides a base class for managing parameters.
sfTimer class allows to time some PHP code.
sfTimerManager is a container for sfTimer objects.
sfToolkit provides basic utility methods.


RunModalGuard Class
Definition
Line 41 of System.Windows/Application.cm
Constructors & Destructor
Constructor& Destructor Details
RunModalGuard Constructor
public nothrow RunModalGuard()
Definition
Line 43 of System.Windows/Application.cm
~RunModalGuard Destructor
public ~RunModalGuard()
Definition
Line 47 of System.Windows/Application.cm


Get a cookie from good server and come back.
Dont give me cookies
Do give me cookies
Do give me cookies too


{# This simple template derives from ``base.html``. See ``base.html`` for more information about template inheritance. #} {%- extends "base/base.html" %} {# Loads some of the macros included with Flask-Bootstrap. We are using the utils module here to automatically render Flask's flashed messages in a bootstrap friendly manner #} {% import "bootstrap/utils.html" as utils %} {# Inside the ``content`` is where you should place most of your own stuff. This will keep scripts at the page end and a navbar you add on later intact. #} {% block content %} {% import "bootstrap/utils.html" as utils %}


Press btns to increse / descrese count.
Current value:
+
-
Last update() call received at:
Required
http://api.jqueryui.com/datepicker/
Edit date extension:
radio buttons
proceed?
Yes
No
Current proceed value:


ANTONYM (Antonyms Near Territory Of eNemies, You Make!)
Your colonies expand automatically every 30 seconds. They can expand only to words that are a synonym, hypernym, or hyponym of a word that is already in your territory; you can add words in the same way cheaply, and, for a greater (currently non-existent) cost, new territories with words not directly connected to your own (if they're used by another player it will fail, and they'll get a point (in theory)). If you expand to include a word which is an antonym of a word in someone else's territory, you do battle (which is completely untested right now).
Data/Programs/Libraries used include: Erlang, WordNet3.0 (wordnet_mysql), MariaDB 5.2 (and OQGraph), and a simple WebSocket server written by Joe Armstrong.


Facebook Adds Three New Tools For Fundraising
by Geoff DesreumauxFacebook is adding three new tools to help nonprofits fundraise across its platforms including a new donation button on Instagram and a donate sticker for Facebook Stories.
Facebook has long been a fundraising-friendly platform for nonprofits. And now the company is adding three new tools to help them raise even more money.
Facebook is finally adding a donate sticker for Stories. The format has grown in popularity with nonprofits as it allows better storytelling and promotion of behind-the-scene content. Facebook has now decided to replicate the success of the Instagram donation sticker on Instagram on its own version of Stories.
Facebook is also extending its gaming charity live streams to more of its Level Up gamers. They’ll be able to select a cause of their choice and request that their viewers donate money as they watch them game live. The streamer can set a goal amount, and a notification will pop up in the chat as people donate.
Finally, Instagram will soon offer a more permanent way to fundraise with a “Donate” button right on the profile of nonprofits. Located next to the contact tab, the new button will provide permanent access to fundraising.


Most network benchmarks consider throughput, or the average amount of data being pushed around per unit of time. While important for batch applications (for example benchmarks), average throughput is mostly irrelevant when it comes to interactive web usage. What is more important is a transaction's median latency, or whether the data starts to trickle down before the user gets annoyed.
Typical web caches optimise for throughput — for example, by consulting sibling caches before accessing a remote resource. By doing so, they significantly add to the median latency, and therefore to the average user frustration.
Polipo was designed to minimise latency.


LE CERCLE ROUGE (director: Jean-Pierre Melville; cast: Alain Delon (Corey), Gian Maria Volonté (Vogel), Yves Montand (Jansen), André Bourvil (Mattei), François Périer (Santi), André Ekyan (Rico), 1970-France)
This is a noir film, one of the last one's shot that can truly emulate the spirit of the one's shot in the heyday of American noir, in the 40s and the 50s. Melville shoots in a dark color tone, that sets the dire mood of the violent story about a prison escape, a heist, a double-cross, and the untrustworthy nature of people. Melville wanted to make a French version of John Huston's noir classic, THE ASPHALT JUNGLE (50), as Melville imbued in his film his strong beliefs about what a gangster picture should look like, making it original while covering all the subplots of that genre he could manage to fit into a film that runs for 150 minutes. This is a transitional film, as it makes way for a new wave of crime films to follow, one's that will reflect the changing mores of society and the changes within the criminal code that the new decade brings with it.
Corey (Delon) is a steely-eyed hood, who is being released from prison tomorrow, when he breaks into the cell of another prisoner, Vogel (Volonté), to tell him that he can arrange to help him escape tomorrow if he agrees to join him in a heist he has planned. Vogel escapes from a moving train, as a massive police hunt is on the way for his capture, led by the fair-haired Corsican, Superintendent Mattei (Bourvil), who is quite an interesting character, as well as being a cat-lover, whose boss, the police commissioner, while pressing him to do everything possible to get Vogel, lectures him that every man is guilty, something that slowly sinks into Mattei's consciousness as his investigation broadens.
While the escape is taking place, Corey goes back to Marseilles to get money from his crime boss Rico (Ekyan), who tries to put him off, so Corey robs him, causing Rico to send a couple of his gang members after him, who end up getting shot by Vogel, who by this time has joined Corey in the car he just bought with Rico's money. The intense action scenes amidst the changing weather from rain to snow, plus the wooded area and the roadblocks the men must cross to get back to Paris, gives the film an air of resolute desperation, that is intriguing to watch, as each camera shot is done by the hands of a master, reaching far into his characters and their surroundings.
To help with the jewel heist,Vogel suggests a friend of his, a former police marksman who cracked up from the pressure of the job, Jansen (Yves), who is first seen having a nightmare that bugs are attacking him, that is very movingly shot, and is framed like it is a painting on canvas by one of the master's of horror painting, someone like a Francis Bacon. Bunuel has very effectively used surreal shots like this in some of his films.
The heist of the Place Vendome is excuted in silence for the 30- odd minutes it takes to pull off the job. There are five men involved in this jewel heist, these three plus a tip-off man and the fence. But when the robbery is completed, the fence backs out because he is pressured to by a local gangster, Santi (Périer), who is a nightclub owner and pimp, and a one time informant for Mattei, who leans heavily on him to cooperate in this case. For Mattei, there is no such thing as police without informers. This relationship made in hell, makes no one an innocent.
The film's conclusion is as violent as it has to be, since the mood was set from the film's onset to end this way. By this time, we know all the character's rather well, as we see who turns on the other, and how hypertense a policeman's job is, with not that much sanity separating his job from the criminal's.
This is a top notch noir film. It has done an outstanding job in uncovering the themes of alienation and desperation, that drive men so hard that it is impossible for them to transcend their criminal nature.
REVIEWED ON 4/27/99 GRADE: A
Dennis Schwartz: " Ozus World Movie Reviews"
http://www.sover.net/~ozus
© ALL RIGHTS RESERVED DENNIS SCHWARTZ
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


traffic¶
The following methods allow for interaction with the ZIA Traffic Management API endpoints.
Methods are accessible via zia.traffic
- class TrafficForwardingAPI¶
-
- add_gre_tunnel(source_ip, primary_dest_vip_id=None, secondary_dest_vip_id=None, **kwargs)¶
Add a new GRE tunnel.
Note: If the primary_dest_vip_id and secondary_dest_vip_id aren’t specified then the closest recommended VIPs will be automatically chosen.
- Parameters
-
source_ip (str) – The source IP address of the GRE tunnel. This is typically a static IP address in the organisation or SD-WAN.
primary_dest_vip_id (str) – The unique identifier for the primary destination virtual IP address (VIP) of the GRE tunnel. Defaults to the closest recommended VIP.
secondary_dest_vip_id (str) – The unique identifier for the secondary destination virtual IP address (VIP) of the GRE tunnel. Defaults to the closest recommended VIP that isn’t in the same city as the primary VIP.
- Keyword Arguments
-
**comment (str) – Additional information about this GRE tunnel
**ip_unnumbered (bool) – This is required to support the automated SD-WAN provisioning of GRE tunnels, when set to true gre_tun_ip and gre_tun_id are set to null
**internal_ip_range (str) – The start of the internal IP address in /29 CIDR range.
**within_country (bool) – Restrict the data center virtual IP addresses (VIPs) only to those within the same country as the source IP address.
- Returns
The resource record for the newly created GRE tunnel.
- Return type
Examples
Add a GRE tunnel with closest recommended VIPs:
>>> zia.traffic.add_gre_tunnel('<IP_ADDRESS>')
Add a GRE tunnel with explicit VIPs:
>>> zia.traffic.add_gre_tunnel('<IP_ADDRESS>', ... primary_dest_vip_id='88088', ... secondary_dest_vip_id='54590', ... comment='GRE Tunnel for Manufacturing Plant')
- add_static_ip(ip_address, **kwargs)¶
Adds a new static IP.
- Parameters
ip_address (str) – The static IP address
- Keyword Arguments
-
**comment (str) – Additional information about this static IP address.
**geo_override (bool) – If not set, geographic coordinates and city are automatically determined from the IP address. Otherwise, the latitude and longitude coordinates must be provided.
**routable_ip (bool) – Indicates whether a non-RFC 1918 IP address is publicly routable. This attribute is ignored if there is no ZIA Private Service Edge associated to the organization.
**latitude (float) – Required only if the geoOverride attribute is set. Latitude with 7 digit precision after decimal point, ranges between -90 and 90 degrees.
**longitude (float) – Required only if the geoOverride attribute is set. Longitude with 7 digit precision after decimal point, ranges between -180 and 180 degrees.
- Returns
The resource record for the newly created static IP.
- Return type
Examples
Add a new static IP address:
>>> zia.traffic.add_static_ip(ip_address='<IP_ADDRESS>', ... comment="Los Angeles Branch Office")
- add_vpn_credential(authentication_type, pre_shared_key, **kwargs)¶
Add new VPN credentials.
- Parameters
- Keyword Arguments
-
ip_address (str) – The static IP address associated with these VPN credentials.
fqdn (str) – Fully Qualified Domain Name. Applicable only to UFQDN auth type. This must be provided in the format userid@fqdn, where the fqdn is an authorised domain for your tenancy.
comments (str) – Additional information about this VPN credential.
location_id (str) – Associate the VPN credential with an existing location.
- Returns
The newly created VPN credential resource record.
- Return type
Examples
Add a VPN credential using IP authentication type before location has been defined:
>>> zia.traffic.add_vpn_credential(authentication_type='IP', ... pre_shared_key='MyInsecurePSK', ... ip_address='<IP_ADDRESS>', ... comments='NY Branch Office')
Add a VPN credential using UFQDN authentication type and associate with location:
>>> zia.traffic.add_vpn_credential(authentication_type='UFQDN', ... pre_shared_key='MyInsecurePSK'<EMAIL_ADDRESS>... comments='London Branch Office', ... location_id='94963682')
- bulk_delete_vpn_credentials(credential_ids)¶
Bulk delete VPN credentials.
- Parameters
credential_ids (list) – List of credential IDs that will be deleted.
- Returns
Response code for operation.
- Return type
Examples
>>> zia.traffic.bulk_delete_vpn_credentials(['94963984', '97679232'])
- check_static_ip(ip_address, **kwargs)¶
Validates if a static IP object is correct.
- Parameters
-
ip_address (str) – The static IP address
**kwargs – Optional keyword args.
- Keyword Arguments
-
**comment (str) – Additional information about this static IP address.
**geo_override (bool) – If not set, geographic coordinates and city are automatically determined from the IP address. Otherwise, the latitude and longitude coordinates must be provided.
**routable_ip (bool) – Indicates whether a non-RFC 1918 IP address is publicly routable. This attribute is ignored if there is no ZIA Private Service Edge associated to the organization.
**latitude (float) – Required only if the geoOverride attribute is set. Latitude with 7 digit precision after decimal point, ranges between -90 and 90 degrees.
**longitude (float) – Required only if the geoOverride attribute is set. Longitude with 7 digit precision after decimal point, ranges between -180 and 180 degrees.
- Returns
The operation response code.
- Return type
Examples
>>> zia.traffic.check_static_ip(ip_address='<IP_ADDRESS>', ... routable_ip=True, ... comment='San Francisco Branch Office')
- delete_static_ip(static_ip_id)¶
Delete the specified static IP.
- Parameters
static_ip_id (str) – The unique identifier for the static IP.
- Returns
The response code for the operation.
- Return type
Examples
>>> zia.traffic.delete_static_ip('972494')
- delete_vpn_credential(credential_id)¶
Delete VPN credentials for the specified ID.
- Parameters
credential_id (str) – The unique identifier for the VPN credentials that will be deleted.
- Returns
Response code for the operation.
- Return type
Examples
>>> zia.traffic.delete_vpn_credential('97679391')
- get_closest_diverse_vip_ids(ip_address)¶
Returns the closest diverse Zscaler destination VIPs for a given IP address.
- Parameters
ip_address (str) – The IP address used for locating the closest diverse VIPs.
- Returns
Tuple containing the preferred and secondary VIP IDs.
- Return type
Examples
>>> closest_vips = zia.traffic.get_closest_diverse_vip_ids('<IP_ADDRESS>')
- get_gre_tunnel(tunnel_id)¶
Returns information for the specified GRE tunnel.
- Parameters
tunnel_id (str) – The unique identifier for the GRE tunnel.
- Returns
The GRE tunnel resource record.
- Return type
Examples
>>> gre_tunnel = zia.traffic.get_gre_tunnel('967134')
- get_static_ip(static_ip_id)¶
Returns information for the specified static IP.
- Parameters
static_ip_id (str) – The unique identifier for the static IP.
- Returns
The resource record for the static IP
- Return type
Examples
>>> static_ip = zia.traffic.get_static_ip('967134')
- get_vpn_credential(credential_id)¶
Get VPN credentials for the specified ID.
- Parameters
credential_id (str) – The unique identifier for the VPN credentials.
- Returns
The resource record for the requested VPN credentials.
- Return type
Examples
>>> pprint(zia.traffic.get_vpn_credential('97679391'))
- list_gre_ranges()¶
Returns a list of available GRE tunnel ranges.
- Returns
A list of available GRE tunnel ranges.
- Return type
Examples
>>> gre_tunnel_ranges = zia.traffic.list_gre_ranges()
- list_gre_tunnels()¶
Returns the list of all configured GRE tunnels.
- Returns
A list of GRE tunnels configured in ZIA.
- Return type
Examples
>>> gre_tunnels = zia.traffic.list_gre_tunnels()
- list_static_ips()¶
Returns the list of all configured static IPs.
- Returns
A list of the configured static IPs
- Return type
Examples
>>> static_ips = zia.traffic.list_static_ips()
- list_vips()¶
Returns a list of virtual IP addresses (VIPs) available in the Zscaler cloud.
Examples
>>> for vip in zia.traffic.list_vips(): ... pprint(vip)
- list_vips_recommended(**kwargs)¶
Returns a list of recommended virtual IP addresses (VIPs) based on parameters.
- Parameters
**kwargs – Optional keywords args.
- Keyword Arguments
-
routable_ip (bool) – The routable IP address. Default: True.
within_country_only (bool) – Search within country only. Default: False.
include_private_service_edge (bool) – Include ZIA Private Service Edge VIPs. Default: True.
include_current_vips (bool) – Include currently assigned VIPs. Default: True.
source_ip (str) – The source IP address.
latitude (str) – Latitude coordinate of GRE tunnel source.
longitude (str) – Longitude coordinate of GRE tunnel source.
geo_override (bool) – Override the geographic coordinates. Default: False.
- Returns
List of VIP resource records.
- Return type
Examples
Return recommended VIPs for a given source IP:
>>> for vip in zia.traffic.list_vips_recommended(source_ip='<IP_ADDRESS>'): ... pprint(vip)
- list_vpn_credentials()¶
Returns the list of all configured VPN credentials.
Examples
>>> for vpn_credential in zia.traffic.list_vpn_credentials: ... pprint(vpn_credential)
- update_static_ip(static_ip_id, **kwargs)¶
Updates information relating to the specified static IP.
- Parameters
-
static_ip_id (str) – The unique identifier for the static IP
**kwargs – Optional keyword args.
- Keyword Arguments
-
**comment (str) – Additional information about this static IP address.
**geo_override (bool) – If not set, geographic coordinates and city are automatically determined from the IP address. Otherwise, the latitude and longitude coordinates must be provided.
**routable_ip (bool) – Indicates whether a non-RFC 1918 IP address is publicly routable. This attribute is ignored if there is no ZIA Private Service Edge associated to the organization.
**latitude (float) – Required only if the geoOverride attribute is set. Latitude with 7 digit precision after decimal point, ranges between -90 and 90 degrees.
**longitude (float) – Required only if the geoOverride attribute is set. Longitude with 7 digit precision after decimal point, ranges between -180 and 180 degrees.
- Returns
The updated static IP resource record.
- Return type
Examples
>>> zia.traffic.update_static_ip('972494', comment='NY Branch Office')
- update_vpn_credential(credential_id, **kwargs)¶
Update VPN credentials with the specified ID.
- Parameters
credential_id (str) – The unique identifier for the credential that will be updated.
- Keyword Arguments
- Returns
The newly updated VPN credential resource record.
- Return type
Examples
Add a comment:
>>> zia.traffic.update_vpn_credential('94963984', ... comments='Adding a comment')
Update the pre-shared key:
>>> zia.traffic.update_vpn_credential('94963984', ... pre_shared_key='MyNewInsecureKey', ... comments='Pre-shared key rotated on 21 JUL 21')


This is the first paragraph
The paragraph will be ignored.
The third paragraph.
Our city: Beijing
Just another city: Shanghai
This is the div#listItem2


|
MOTS Finder
Find non-star-shaped MOTSs
|
Various abstract discrete tensor classes, from scalars to (0,2)-tensors. More...
Classes | |
| class | _DiscreteField |
| General field base class for scalars, vectors, or higher tensors. More... | |
| class | DiscreteScalarField |
| Represents a scalar field with one component. More... | |
| class | DiscreteSym2TensorField |
| Represents a symmetric 2-tensor field. More... | |
| class | DiscreteVectorField |
| Represents a vector field with three spatial components. More... | |
Various abstract discrete tensor classes, from scalars to (0,2)-tensors.
These abstract classes provide all the functionality needed for representing tensors such as the extrinsic curvature, metric, lapse function and shift vector field. The only missing part is the actual generation/acquisition of data using the _DiscreteField._load_data() method.
Note that even though a symmetric (0,2)-tensor can represent a metric, by convention a full .metric.DiscreteMetric also has the responsibility to provide the other fields required to define the geometry and embedding (extrinsic curvature) of the slice in spacetime as well as (possibly) the lapse function and shift vector field. Therefore, the DiscreteSym2TensorField class may be used to implement such a metric using numerical data on a grid.
Examples of such implementations currently include .discretize.DiscretizedMetric and ..simulation.siometric.


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Read Chapter 7 in Code Complete.
As I mentioned earlier, many students reach a stage where they try to write one long routine to solve programming problems that are too big for that approach.
I get the feeling that sometimes students think a program is more complicated when broken into pieces through routines. Perhaps there is some truth to that when you are first learning. After some practice, however, it makes things easier. If you want to be a great (or even good) programmer, you have to overcome the tight limits on human short term memory and attention span. Routines are one of the most powerful tools for doing this.
Hopefully McConnell has convinced you with his list of why routines are a good idea. Just to be sure that you really understand how a routine call works, let’s look at an example. Here are two routines (JavaScript functions).
Assume that main
begins executing (it was called from somewhere, but it doesn’t matter where). Here is a trace of the execution. The first column tells you which routine you are in, and the second column shows you the current line number. As you move down each row, you are moving to the next statement to be executed (leaving out the loop tests). The next three columns show you the value (if any) of the three variables after the indicated statement completes. The final column describes what happens.
| Routine | Line | name |
theName |
count |
What happens |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
main |
2 | "Bobby" |
(out of scope) | (out of scope) | literal value is assigned to local variable |
main |
3 | "Bobby" |
(out of scope) | (out of scope) | displays "Bobby" |
main |
4 | "Bobby" |
(out of scope) | (out of scope) | pushes local variables and current line number onto call stack, jumps to beginning of repeatGreet , binds actual parameters to formal parameters |
repeatGreet |
10 | (out of scope) | "Bobby" |
3 | displays Hello, Bobby! |
repeatGreet |
11 | (out of scope) | "Bobby" |
2 | formal parameter is decremented |
repeatGreet |
10 | (out of scope) | "Bobby" |
2 | displays "Hello Bobby" |
repeatGreet |
11 | (out of scope) | "Bobby" |
1 | formal parameter is decremented |
repeatGreet |
10 | (out of scope) | "Bobby" |
1 | displays "Hello Bobby" |
repeatGreet |
11 | (out of scope) | "Bobby" |
0 | formal parameter is decremented |
repeatGreet |
13 | (out of scope) | "Bobby" |
0 | pops call stack to get line number that called it, then jumps there |
main |
4 | "Bobby" |
(out of scope) | (out of scope) | pops call stack to restore values of local variables |
main |
5 | "Bobby" |
(out of scope) | (out of scope) | displays "Bobby" |
main |
6 | "Bobby" |
(out of scope) | (out of scope) | pops call stack to get line number that called it, then jumps there |
To summarize, a statement that calls a routine causes execution to jump to the beginning of that routine. There may be some arguments passed. After the called routine completes, execution jumps back to the instruction that called it. Study the trace to make sure that you follow the details about how the call stack is used, and how local variables go in and out of scope.
The trace table contains some terminology that need explaining. Unfortunately, different authors use these somewhat differently.
For this class, the words argument and parameter, when used alone, mean the same thing: a loose term for the data passed when a routine is called. However, sometimes there is a need to make a distinction that shows up in the trace: in the routine call, the local variable’s value “Bobby” and the literal value 3 are the actual parameters: the data values that are actually passed in that particular call. In the called routine, the names theName
and count
are the formal parameters: the symbolic identifiers used to refer to whatever values were passed into a call. We say that the actual parameters are bound to the formal parameters. The term binding refers to connecting an identifier (name) with the data that it names; this can be done by assignment, parameter passing, and in other ways.
FYI, some authors use “argument” to mean “actual parameter” as defined above, and “parameter” to mean “formal parameter” as defined above.
These sections are full of good guidance that you should practice as far as prudent.
You should definitely understand the idea behind good and bad forms of cohesion.
Now it’s time to look more deeply into the details of parameter passing. This information is needed as background for some of McConnell’s guidance in this section.
Different PLs implement parameter passing differently. This can lead to different behavior, so it is very important to know what parameter passing mode(s) your PL uses.
Since the Pascal language implements two important parameter passing modes, we will use it for illustration. (The code discussed below is available here).
When a call to a routine is made, the actual parameters listed in the calling statement are bound to the formal parameter names listed in the routine’s definition. Most PLs do this by position: the first actual parameter is bound to the first formal parameter, second actual bound to second formal, and so on.
The other details of the binding vary with different parameter passing modes.
When parameters are passed by value, a copy of the actual parameter’s value is made, and this copied value is bound to the formal parameter name. Consider the following Pascal program with a routine named pass_by_value
.
program parameter_passing_modes;
var actual: integer;
procedure pass_by_value(formal: integer);
begin
formal := formal + 1;
end;
begin
actual := 1;
writeln(actual);
pass_by_value(actual);
writeln(actual);
end.
The main routine creates some variables with values, calls the pass_by_value
routine, and finally prints the values of its variables.
The output from this code is:
1
1
In the pass_by_value
routine, the copied value is modified. The modified copy is destroyed when the routine returns, leaving the original value unchanged in actual
.
Pass by value provides a sort of security, if it matches the desired behavior. However, it can be expensive (in terms of memory) to make copies of large amounts of data, as when passing an array.
Many PLs use pass by value as their only parameter passing mode.
Suppose we changed the Pascal program above so that the main routine calls a procedure named pass_by_reference
, which is defined as follows.
procedure pass_by_reference(var formal: integer);
begin
formal := formal + 1;
end;
This might look identical to the pass_by_value
routine above, but it’s not. The keyword var
appears just before the name of the formal parameter, and that makes all the difference.
The output from our modified program is different:
1
2
When we use pass by reference, a reference to the actual parameter is bound to the formal parameter name. The formal parameter is not a copy of the original; it is an alias for the actual parameter. When the routine changes the value, that change survives the return to the calling code.
Pass by reference provides power and flexibility, if that is the desired behavior. It is also sometimes used for reasons of efficiency, in order to avoid creating copies of data.
In PLs that have reference types, it may be possible to produce side effects similar to pass-by-reference’s results, even though parameter passing is implemented only as pass-by-value.
Imagine a JavaScript function that receives an object as one of its arguments. The variables that “hold” objects in JavaScript (and many other OO PLs) are reference variables. JavaScript is pass-by-value only, which means formal parameters are bound to copies of actual parameters. But, a copy of a reference is … another reference to the same underlying object. You cannot change the formal parameter in a way that survives the return– that is, you cannot change which object is referred to. But you can change the internal properties of the object and have those changes survive the return. This is because you are not working with a copy of the object. You are working with a copy of a reference to that object, but a reference and its copy both lead to the same object.
Many programmers believe that, if side effects are somehow possible, it must by pass-by-value. But it’s not the resulting behavior that counts; strictly speaking all these modes refer to how the PL is implemented– how it binds actual parameters to formal parameters. This has launched a thousand arguments at stackoverflow.com.
Pass by value and pass by reference are not the only parameter passing modes.
A few modes are historical relics, largely abandoned in the evolution of PLs.
Python uses the term “pass by assignment”. In Python, variables are not aliases for memory addresses or for values stored at a particular address. Instead, a variable is an alias for the value itself (for an object, Pythonists would say). So, binding associates a variable with an object, within a certain scope. Although this is an entirely different way of thinking about variables and implementing parameter passing, the resulting behavior is relatively familiar.
If the parameter passed to a Python routine names a non-constant (“mutable”) object, the result will match the pass by reference example above. The name is bound to the same object in both scopes: the calling code and the routine. So, changes made to the parameter within the routine will be seen after the call completes.
However, if the parameter passed to a Python routine names a constant (“immutable”) value, the result will match the pass by value example above. This is because the assignment in the Python routine creates a different binding for the name, with the scope limited to the routine itself. This is not making a copy of the data as in pass by value, but the result is much the same: changes made using the separate binding inside the routine will not affect the binding in the calling scope.
McConnell categorizes parameters as input-only, input-and-output, and output-only. Input-only parameters are values passed to a routine for it to “read only”; the routine is not expected to make changes that will persist after the call completes. Input-and-output parameters are for the routine to read and write to, making changes that will persist after the call completes. The final category is “write only”: the parameter is passed solely for the purpose of the routine making changes that will persist after the call.
This entire discussion is only applicable if your PL provides some way to modify formal parameters that affects the actual parameters. It is also a bit less relevant because parameter lists tend to be shorter than in the past. They are often shorter because we can pass a single object, with many internal properties, instead of passing all those values as individual parameters. However, McConnell’s suggestions here are sound, if they apply to your situation.
All the other parameter guidance is good. Use it in your programming as far as is prudent.
The topics are most relevant to C and C++. Tool sets for these languages include a preliminary step before compilation, performed by a tool called the “preprocessor”. The preprocessor handles “directives” that start with #
. See preproc.c for some examples. The MAX
macro is a dangerous use of the preprocessor. The simplest, safest rule is simply this: macros are fine for constant values, but for expressions involving variables or operations, beware. Avoid such macros if possible. If you must use them, do your homework to be sure that you understand the risks and that your code is safe.


Pair Code & Feedback
To give or not to give... And how?
06/19/15
Subject ideas:
A. challenges of the work on the move
- proper place to work
- internet connexion
- focus
- time zones
- sightseeing and exploring the place vs work => mastery of your schedule


A set of tools to explore the behaviour statistics used for forensic DNA interpretation when close relatives are involved. The package also offers some useful tools for exploring other forensic DNA situations.
| Version: | 0.2-9 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 2.10) |
| Imports: | Rcpp (≥ 0.12.8), stats, graphics, xtable, multicool, utils |
| LinkingTo: | Rcpp |
| Published: | 2018-01-05 |
| Author: | James M. Curran |
| Maintainer: | James M. Curran <j.curran at auckland.ac.nz> |
| License: | GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)] |
| NeedsCompilation: | yes |
| SystemRequirements: | C++11 |
| Materials: | README |
| CRAN checks: | relSim results |
| Reference manual: | relSim.pdf |
| Package source: | relSim_0.2-9.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: relSim_0.2-9.zip, r-release: relSim_0.2-9.zip, r-oldrel: relSim_0.2-9.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: relSim_0.2-9.tgz, r-oldrel: relSim_0.2-9.tgz |
| Old sources: | relSim archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=relSim to link to this page.