âTMª I'll end in ages, but I'll catch more on Monday âTMª
âTMª Most wonderful show is âTMª
âTMª Keeping up with the Joneses âTMª
- Welcome to episode 260 of Keeping Up With The Joneses.
- Yep.
- Mrs. Jones, you're looking a radiant.
- Thank you, I'm so excited about this episode.
- Any particular reason?
- Yes.
- Is it because you've been holding on to the story
for about 10 months?
- Yes.
- Let's just cut to the chase.
We're not even gonna bother doing weekly catch-up this week.
- No. - You've already read the title.
You've pressed play.
It's true we're adopting a baby.
- We are adopting a baby.
- We should say, I mean, I guess we are,
but we're trying to adopt a baby.
- We're trying to, yes, yes, yes.
We're in the process of.
- I don't even know where to begin with our story
about adopting a baby.
- Well, okay, so if we go back to before we even got married.
- Before we even got married, yes.
- Before we even got married,
we had talked about, both of us had said,
we wanted to adopt at some point.
- Yeah, just so before we jump in all of that,
just so the listener is aware,
I'm imagining this is going to be a longish episode,
it's probably gonna be at the same length as most of it.
- Sure.
- And we just wanna tell our story about
how we ended up adopting a baby
at this stage of life.
- Yes.
- And it begins a long, long time ago.
- A long time ago.
- In a galaxy far, far away called--
- A country?
- A country far, far away.

And the topic of adoption came up.
- And I said, I want to adopt, and you said, so do I.
And I don't know why, but I remember as a teenager
just thinking, oh, one day I wanna adopt, like, you know.
- And I've got lots of fear about talking
a lot of stuff out loud, I just realized,
as I went, but also our desire to adopt a baby
that didn't necessarily look like us.
- Yes.
- Not that we're exclusively saying
we don't want to adopt a Caucasian baby.
That's not what we're saying.
- No, no, but.
- But a passion to have a multicultural family of our own.
- Yes.
- And I don't know, I remember you saying that
from a very early age.
I mean, your first friend was Japanese.
- Yes, my first best friends were Japanese.
- And but just also it's, I have to keep saying this.
I'm sure wherever you're listening,
you are in an environment that's more multicultural
than Franklin, Tennessee.
- Yeah.
- When we got married, we lived in Toronto,
which is legitimately one of the most multicultural
diverse cities. - It is the most
multicultural city in the world right now.
- Okay, well, and that would make sense.
- Yes.
- And then we moved here and...
- This is not, that's not, yes.
- Not very racially diverse.
- No.
- But anyway, that was our discussion.
Before we even got married, interestingly,
were also both from families of four.
I have three siblings.
You have three siblings.
- And we both always thought we would have four.

- Yes.
- But you usually refine your men.
- Yeah, yeah, yeah.
- Once you've had one.
But regardless, we wanted it to have,
we had always thought about adoption
and did very little with it.
- Yes.
Well, I mean, we talked about it in the beginning
and then we started having kids and then we had MJ.
And--
- So now we're fast forwarding.
- We're fast forwarding.
- So we talked about adoption before we got married.
You're right.
You get married.
- Yeah.
- We have three kids.
- Yeah.
- How old were you when MJ?
- I was 41 when I gave birth to him.
- And it was a rough pregnancy on you physically.
- All of them were rough to some level,
But yeah, MJ was rough.
Yeah, just on my spine mostly.
And which makes sense, I was over 40 and, you know.
- So we had wanted four children like we talked about,
but we knew once MJ was born, we didn't know.
We came to a realization.
We would love to have more children,
but there is no way that you can give birth again.
- No, my body wasn't gonna--
- No, it was like-- - Survive that very well.
- You did bravo well done.
but we can't do that anymore.
And I remember saying, oh, well, great.
So we get to revisit adoption.
And even when MJ was born, we were still thinking about that.
And then what happens, baby?
- Well, then we just got super comfortable
having three children.

Like I--
- Can I tell you a funny story?
- Yes.
- So you are right.
- Yes. - We get to stage a life where
MJ, you're no longer potty training.
- And when they can shower on their own,
you feel like you've hit the jackpot.
We realize, okay, this is great.
Actually, you know what?
Three's good.
We fulfilled the Genesis commandment.
We have multiplied ourselves.
- That's right.
- We don't need to bother with four.
I mean, it's not like we ever sat down
and had a conference and made a resolution.
- No, we didn't know.
- Nothing like that.
But we just began realizing, okay,
Hemji's done preschool.
- We got you fixed.
- We have a rhythm of life.
Well, we did, yeah.
I was just important to mention.
Out of the realization that, yeah,
we want more children, but we can't have you.
My body can't do that.
- I went and got a vasectomy,
which is a whole other podcast episode we should do.
But yeah, now I'm decaf.
- I don't think anybody wants to hear
an entire podcast episode about your vasectomy.
I just wanna put that out there.
It's not that interesting.
- Do you know what, baby?
- Yeah.
- You also didn't think that lots of people
stayed in the bathroom at the watering night
and you were wrong about that one.
- No, I wasn't.
Only two people actually said that was normal.
- No, we heard from it.
- Anyway, back to the plan.
We reached a stage of life where we realized,
Man, it is really good when all of your kids
are out of diapers.
And you're not having to make baby food.
- So good. - And we have a different schedule.
And I guess, well, it's easy street for us.
- Yeah, it's good, it's comfortable, yeah.
- We're all in school.
And I remember one day,
getting rid of all of our baby stuff.
I mean, I remember that watershed moment.
I remember, okay, let's get rid of the crib
and the change table and the stroller
and the baby car seats and the baby high chair.
- We did everything away,
like just sewed it into other families that needed it.
- But I remember cleaning our garage.
- Yeah.
- And I remember the Holy Spirit going,
just a little,
- Oh really?
- And I'm like,
(mimics
- Hello, I can't get the whole experience.
Like, the whole experience is like,
yeah, sure, you wanna get rid of all that stuff?

- Okay. - All right.
- Yeah.
- So we're feeling good about our life.
Life is great. - Yeah.
- I mean, once you reach that season
all your kids are dressed themselves and you know can they need less of your attention?
Man, it was just great.
So then MJ's around the age of four and I start having dreams.
Now long time listeners of the podcast know that AJ dreams a lot.
Big difference between AJ's dreams and my dreams are well, big difference between AJ's
dreams and most people's dreams are most dreams that are from a lord are symbolic in nature.
AJ doesn't really dream symbolically.
So when AJ has dreams about major life changes,
we tend to pay attention.
They're fairly literal.
Tell us some of the dreams.
Or a high-level overview of what were the dreams about?
All of the dreams.
So I ended up having six dreams in a row over a period of
about two years.
And all of them were about adopting a baby.
a baby. A couple of them, they were like slightly older, like two or three. But the rest were all
you know, adopting a baby. And most of the time it was adopting a boy. But they were
really specifically, Hey, all in my dreams, I have all the, but I'm this old and we're, you know,
all that kind of stuff. How old are you at the time of recording? Right now. Yep. I will be
50 next week. Okay. So hold that in. Yeah. And by the time this comes out, I'll have turned
52 days before this comes out. So, you know, so all of my dreams are like, this seems like really
poor timing, but we fall in love with this baby or, you know, and we and we adopt. So and you had
had some dreams. I had a couple of dreams, which meant they were contagious.  Yeah. But before we go into that, like those
two years, we've had eight dreams between us. What do we do? What I mean, what are we doing
with those dreams? We're just praying. We're like, Okay, Lord, like it seems pretty clear
you're speaking to us really having no idea what to do with what to do with them. And not,
I wasn't feeling like I do this now.
Right.
I was feeling just the invitation of it.
Am I right in thinking that a common theme in our dreams was we didn't do anything.
Yes, to go get the baby.
Yes, the baby came to us.
Yes.
Yeah.
That's why I don't think I think you would wake up and go ahead and I'd be.

I'm like, OK, I wonder where this is leading to it.
I would say for me, I was open.
Like I am open. Yes. I wasn't passionately pursuing, but I'm open to the idea.
Yes. Right. Right. So that's how I would tell me this.
Tell one, tell one of the dreams.
Okay. So in one of the dreams, I'm walking into the church and we are painting a
section of the church in the dream.
And Brett and Shaley are on vacation in the dream.
There are youth pastors.

And at the end of one of the services, I see a person that's, you know, sitting
halfway back who's still sitting there at the end and she's crying.
And so I go over and I just say, Hey, are you okay?
Is there something that I can pray with you about?
Is there something that you need?
And in the dream, she says, well, I've just found out a family member is pregnant.

And she's like super excited about that.
She and she tells me the name of the baby that it's a boy and that the baby's
name is Ariel.
And then she says, would you like this baby?
And I wake up and I'm like, "Well, you know, so right away I actually look up Ariel."
And Ariel is as much as it's like the little mermaid, whatever. It's actually a boy's name.
It's a Hebrew boy's name and it means lion of God.
Wow, I thought man light. That means lion of God.
It means lion of God.

I remember you telling me the dream when I just, I chuckled maybe an eye roll in dismissive
way, but like of course you had another dream. I'm like, put on the pile. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah.
Trouble is trouble is about six months later, go to church one Sunday morning and you know,
we're painting a hallway in the church. And I know that because I was overseeing all of that sort of
stuff.  And this person says to me,
I've just found out that I have a family member who is pregnant and is choosing to place the child
for adoption. And, and I'm literally like, I mean, every domino is falling into, I'm literally like,
Oh my gosh, this is that dream.
Well, I remember because I was at home with the kids.
Yes. And this was first service.
Yes. So you call me and I'm about to come in.
Yeah. And you're like, I can tell from the way you're speaking.
Well, I said to this person, OK, and I prayed for them.
Because you try to be with them and care for them.
Yeah. And but I'm literally like, I'm shaken by the dream.
No kidding.
You know, and now here it is, you know, so I'm like, and I know this person,
like I have their phone number.

- I remember getting a phone call from AJ
and AJ is, you're breathless.
You are like, okay babe, I'm in between services.
I don't know, you're coming in
and there isn't really a time to say this
but I think you need to know about it now.
And so you're telling me, like everything you just said.
I'm like, of course this has happened.
Like, of course this has happened.
And you're like, what do we do?
What do we do?

And I was like, let's just, let's pray.
I think our solution would be,
let's pray about that solution.
- Right, right.
- Here's our way forward. - Yes.
- Let's pray about this.
So rather than trying to come up with a plan,
let's have a plan and post it to the Lord
and see what we get.
Because I don't know if you're MCing,
we had to go through church.
- Yeah, yeah, we still had to, yeah.
- And be pastors and be all.
So again, I think the solution,
I went straight to left brain.
- Yes.
- Is it, do you know if it's a boy
or do we know if it's a girl?
Because for the dream to be this specific,
- Right.
- Right, let's find out if it's a boy or a girl.
- Right.
- And, because PS, I think the birth bomb was due
in like two weeks. - Two weeks, yes.
- So it's like, okay, we've had all these dreams.
and I've really given it any serious thought,
but now this is absolutely a God event.
- Yes.
- Like you can't make this stuff up.
- Yeah.
- In two weeks, and at this point,
we haven't told our families.
- No.
- It's just been this kind of thing
that the Lord has been to us about, okay?
We haven't told our pastors.
We haven't told our friends.
- We haven't even told our kids, nothing.
- We haven't told, yeah.
- It's just been our pillow talk.
- Yeah.
- So I'm now thinking, okay, here's a plan.
Let's put out a fleece.
- Yeah.
boy, then I think it would be foolish if we, you know, if this
dream is so precise, it would be foolish if we say no and miss
this. Right. And if it's a girl, okay, Lord, then we're going to
trust that you have another plan, which is also scary. Yes. Right.
For a number of reasons. And so I remember saying, you know, why
don't you tell her, Hey, we know of a family in the church, if
it's a boy and, and again, I can't overemphasize. This is
while I'm loading kids into many van and we're driving a church
- Right.
- I remember worship that Sunday.
I was not in worship.
I'm like, "Shout out to the phone."
- I was not in the game either.
- I'm just praying in time,
like trying to act casually.
- Yeah.
- And we're texting each other.
- And breathe, and breathe, just breathe.
Yeah.
- And what, we ended up doing well.
- Well, we ended up not doing exactly that
because I actually knew this person.
And so I trusted them and I thought,
I'd rather tell them it's us,
not some random person and share with them
the different dreams and whatnot.
- And swear them to secrecy.
- And swear them to secrecy, which was not a problem.
And so they said, well, I know she's gonna find out
if it's a boy or a girl.
And so I was like, great, we'll wait to hear back from you.
- Now it's gonna be Tuesday.
And this is Sunday.
- Yeah.
- And I remember that 'cause I didn't sleep Sunday night
or Monday night.
- Oh, neither of us slept.
- 'Cause I'm doing math and my head going,
"If we don't this baby,
when I'm at their high school graduation,
I will be like 60, I'm like, I am,
(laughing)
I'm like, I'm now freaking out,
like we just gave away everything.
And we have to go.
- A couple of years ago, we gave away everything.
- If this happens, we have to fly to wherever it was.
And so in two weeks time, I could be a dad
of a newborn baby again.
Okay, God, are you?
- Yeah.
- And in those two days, I remember we did
like an emergency sit down with our pastors
and whether it was closest to us that we do life with.
Okay guys, we're gonna bring you up to speed
on some real interesting news, real quick.
- We also did reconnaissance at the local baby store
because we actually didn't even know like,
what's out there now and how expensive is what is out there now
'cause we have nothing.
- We're also thinking about like, how do we tell our kids?
'Cause up until this point,
we haven't really had any conversations with them.
And, you know, I remember being in group therapy
because it was Tuesday, like I would go to group on Tuesdays
And I remember that was the topic of discussion.
Like, hey guys, anytime today, like,
it was like, hey guys, welcome to group and anytime.

But as you can probably tell, if you know us.
Right.
So that mom went and had the sonogram and whatnot.
And it was a girl and there was a family that was in state
for them that really wanted to adopt a girl.
And so a good Christian family and that felt great.
And you know, so that that's what happened.
We didn't end up adopting that baby.
And...
- Let me ask you though.
- Yeah.
- 'Cause those two days, 40 hours was our rollercoaster.
- Yeah.
- When we found out it was a girl,
and we were obviously very happy that
she was gonna go to a safe home.
- Yeah.
- What happened in your heart?
probably equal parts relief and sadness.
- 'Cause in those two days,
your maternal instincts had kicked in and...
- I think so.
I was just like, I think because for me,
I was like, I was so sure that God was speaking to us
about adoption.
- Yeah, you think.
- And because that was a closed door now,
I was like, I don't really understand.
Like, I don't really understand the specificness
of the dream and the specificness of this situation
and it not being fully exactly the same.
and you know whatever so.
But at the same time I was like,
whoo, two weeks, I mean that.
- Who, we have a full life.
- That felt crazy, yeah.
- Do you wanna know how I made sense of it?
- How?
- I was like, okay, this is an Abraham and Isaac thing.
- Yeah.
- And the Lord provided a thicket in the,
you know, a ram and a thicket rather.
And I was just like, okay, I think that was a test
of like our obedience, like moving it from theoretically,
would you be pro's option?
Sure I would be.
Like now go pick up a baby in two weeks time
and you're still sure I've been.
I think so and the fact that God had our yes.
- Yeah.
- And it didn't come out.
I was like, oh, we passed a test.
Like, oh, that was awesome.
- Yeah, I did process it a little bit like that.
- But I think I was still back to the cleaning out my garage.
Like, oh, okay, we don't have to do it.
We can keep our nice stable, consistent life, we're good.
- Yeah, and in the process of this,
the kids had picked up there was something going on.
And so we had actually ended up talking to them,
not about the specifics.
- Not about this, but just about,
hey, we have prayed about,
thought about,
Mummy's had some dreams about adoption.
And Abby, who's our oldest, was like,
that sounds great, she was in.
But our two youngest weren't.
They emphatically were not.
- And emphatically were not.
- Like no, absolutely no way.
I do not wanna change my family.
- We love our family of five.
They just kept.
- And our efforts to explore,
not change your minds, but to explore like what's at the root of that, they were locked down.
Lockdown.
And I remember we both prayed, I remember one night we were in bed and we prayed and we just said,
"Lord, we are willing, we are willing, but we don't want the blessing for one child to come at the cost
of great pain and sorrow for three of other children." So if this is you and we think it is,
- Right.
- We're gonna ask the work on the hearts of our children
because we want it to be a blessing for our family.
Not just something that mommy and daddy go ahead and do
and your feelings don't matter.
- Right.
- So, and then what happened immediately?
- I stopped having dreams.
- Which further compounded that it was all a test
and we passed that.
You know, like that's great.
And so for.
- Two years.
- Two years, nothing.
- Yeah.
So I don't have any dreams at all for two years.
- And our kids would periodically check.
Well, no, they didn't usually check.
You did. You would check about every six months and say,
"Have you had any more adoption dreams?"
- I remember the kids like, you know,
I don't know if it was out of their fear.
Like, are you guys actually gonna plan with that?
But I remember them saying,
"Have you had any more dreams?"
And we say, "No, I haven't had any more dreams of adoption."
And then they would pick up like,
"Ah yeah, just so you're clear, I don't wanna adopt.
"I'm not sharing my toys with anybody."
- Right, right, right.
- A lot of it was that, yeah.
"Don't wanna share my toys with my parents."
- Because we would revisit,
they would bring up some of the comments.
But by and large, all the dreams stopped.
Yes, which brings us to 2021 January.
So end of January 2021, I start a series of three dreams.
And they're all super short and very specific.
And so the first dream is Tia coming into our bedroom now as exactly as it is.
And there's a spotlight on her like she's on a talk show and she has a microphone
and she throws her hand out to the side and she says into the microphone,
It's time for the Joneses to adopt a baby and boom, I wake up.

I was like, Ellen.

I was just literally like, Oh, here we go again.
And in the natural tier was the most vocal, most adamant against that.
We are not having a big one.
Not adopting.
And so I was like, well, so anyway, woke up Alan and we prayed and we're like,
huh, interesting. You know, that was a very end of January, beginning of March,
uh, we go away camping with the kids.
And it's either the first or second night that we're there.
I'm, I go to sleep and I have another very specific dream.
All I can see in the dream is my thumbs and my phone as I'm sending a text,
um, to Jen Johnson. And I'm just saying, Hey, Jen.
So I've just paused for those of you know, Jen has this point adopted one or
she got the two.
And Brian have adopted two kids.
Yeah.
So you're texting them.
Yeah.
So I'm, I'm texting them saying, Hey, I know you've adopted.
We've been having dreams.
Just curious, like, what's the cost involved?
What company did you use?
Anything else I should know?
Thanks, AJ.
And then I wake up and I'm like, Oh, okay.
Well, that time I didn't wake you up.
I waited till you woke up.

And you're like, have you had another dream?
And I was like, nah, so that night at the campfire,
we're telling stories, which is what Tia likes best is when
daddy tells the stories of getting stuck up a tree when
grandpa came up and rescued him and all that kind of stuff.
Yeah, this is our, this is our spring.
It's not even spring.
It's kind of spring break.
Yeah, spring break.
We're, we've ran an RV.
We're away camping.
Yeah.
You know, we're around the campfire.
Again, we are not talking.
We're not talking about it at all.
We're just shooting the brain in the case.
Talking about other things.
And all of a sudden, Tia in the midst of everything
that's going on turns to me and says,
"Mummy, have you had any more dreams about adoption?"
And I stop and look over at Alan.
We're exchanging glances like water.
We're just blinking each other, more cold messages.
And so then I turned back to her and I said,
actually, darling, I have.
And she's like, oh good,
'cause I think we're supposed to adopt a baby.
And MJ goes, "Me too."
And I'm like, "Well, I mean--"
The two of us are like, what is happening?
- So, I look all the hairs on my body
are standing on end, I was like, what?
- And then Abby's like, yeah, I always wanted to adopt.
- Which, that was true.
And so then we had like an hour long conversation
about the practicalities of that.
- Yeah, we just threw open and just like, okay,
like what, talk to me about your love of adoption.
Like what would you love about adopting?
- Yeah.
- And then we, yeah, we started talking
about the practicalities.
Well, you know, what would you like?

Do you want a boy?
Do you want a girl?
And at one point we say, do you want them to have the same skin color as you?
And I remember one of them.
I forget which one you said.
It was to you.
It was like, why would that matter?
Yeah.
Like if she said it'll be our baby.
Yeah.
Why would it matter what skin color they were?
And we're like, yeah.
Yeah.
So we're like, okay, you know, and we're trying to act calm while we're hosting marshmallows.
Yeah, yeah, this is totally fine.
It's totally normal.
So, yeah.
With this newfound passion and zeal from our kids, we're realizing the Lord has answered
our prayer from two years earlier.
Yeah.
And so this is feeling like, oh, this is actually a deal now.
I think it was about a week later, week and a half later, I go ahead and send that text
to Jen just exactly what I saw.
And she sent back like pretty quick, you know, this is who we used and it cost roughly this
amount of money and you know, she said, "Geez, go fund me."
Blah, blah, blah.
She said all this different stuff and she's like, "Go for it.
It's the best thing we've ever done."
And I was like, "Okay, wow.
Okay.
Feeling really real."
You know?
And hearing the amount of money that's involved, honestly, that shook me a bit.
I didn't expect it to be as expensive as it is.
And so I was like, "Wow."
So we're still praying.
We're still...
Because we're praying like, okay, a lord,
this now really seems on your agenda.
Not just as a good idea, but as a God idea in this season.
Like what's the timing of this?
What do you want us to do?
What's the timing like, we want to be wise and so keep going.
And so, and then I end up having another dream
about a week later.
And in this dream, I show up at this meeting.
So it's in a church, it's not a church I recognize,
It's just like some big church hall kind of thing.
And there's people there from Toronto.
And it was, you know, like, you know,
people I recognized there from Toronto.
There's people there from our church
in Franklin, Tennessee.

I think we're gonna have a revival meeting
because that's the mix of people mostly that are there.
And I turned to you in the dream
and I was like, "Pabe!"
Like, and I don't know what we're doing at this meeting.
I was like, this is going to be great, you know, kind of thing.
And, and then the, the crowd parts over to the left.
And I see this crib with a big bow around it.
And then the crowd parts over to the right.
And I see like this car seat stroller thing with a bow around it.
And I turned to Alan, I'm like, Brad, a shower.
Like I've just gotten the information of why we're there.
And then Amanda comes up to me and she's the head of our prophetic team in, in Franklin.
Um, but she comes up to me and she says, uh,
AJ, your baby is here.
And I was like, what?
Like, wow.

That's when I realized it's hour shower.
That's the moment I didn't figure it out before then.
And I walk over and the baby is wrapped in that.
Uh, see through gift wrap that you put around,
get back.
You know that you can see through.
And in the dream, I'm literally like, that is a horrible idea, like to wrap a
baby in that, like in cellophane.
Right.
In cellophane.
But anyway, I reach for the baby and the cellophane falls away
and I pick up the baby and put it up against my heart.

And I didn't catch the part at the end
about it being gift wrapped until actually,
I think I was talking to you later
and I was repeating it again.
And you said, "Babe, it's gift wrap."
And I was like, "Oh, it's a gift."
Because it was feeling super overwhelming to even consider again, I'm about to turn 50.
And, you know, we have very full lives. We have very full lives, but I don't want to miss out on
a gift that God wants to give us, you know. So anyway, I was like, okay, so at that point,
we thought, okay, we prayed, we prayed, and then we were like kind of game on, let's,
Let's talk to our people that we talk to
when we make big decisions.
- So we reached out to Jeff and Becky.
- We reached out to Jeff and Becky,
and we're like, "Hey, remember that conversation
"we had two years ago about that,
"two weeks notes to go get a baby?"
Well, it's back.
(laughing)
And bring them up to speed on what's been happening.
These are the dreams.
Like, we're inviting you in.
Like, how are you?
- Tell us what you think.
- What are the red flags?
What are we not seeing?
Are we just over emotional?
What is your spirit feel as we tell you this?
- Yeah.
- And we call John and Carol and share the same thing.
And then the friends are--
- Gary and Sarah, Ben and Sarah, yeah.
Like so--
- Just bring them in and share.
And just ask for prayer, like, hey guys,
it feels like the Lord is speaking to us
that we don't wanna be reckless.
- Yeah.

Would you pray for us?
and they all prayed for us and just said,
you know, we think it's great.
- Yeah, we think it's God.
And so.
- But tell what like Sarah Jackson,
who's our resident dream expert,
not resident, she lives in Toronto.
- When I sent her the dreams before we even talked
on the phone, or no, I think we talked on the phone
and then I sent her the specifics of the dream.
And she was like, I love how shaper your dreams are.
- Remember, shaper is a life language.
- That life's a plan.
- If you're fluent in the shaper language,
you like plan and structure and yes.
And we're both very high.
Shapers. Both of us are very high.
So she said, I love how shape or your dreams are.
So she said, the first dream, by the way,
your kids are ready, their hearts are ready.
The second dream, this is how you're going to do it.
Like this is who you hire, blah, blah, blah.
And then the third dream, it's going to be provided for it.
And by the way, it's a gift.
And I was just like, okay.
And at that point, I think I just settled like, yep.
All right.
Well, you say that.
No, you didn't because I round about that time.
Yes.
You happen to be, I think I'm seeing a church.
Are you going to church?
Oh, that's right.
Yes.
No, no, that was before the third dream.
OK.
Yeah.
OK.
Well, tell us, though, because this is how I'm telling the Lord.
This was the Sunday we got back from camping.
So I've had the two dreams.
We've had the conversation with T&MJ.
And we camped up until Saturday.
I'm driving in Sunday morning to first service.
you're going to bring in the kids for a second. And I'm driving in and I realize Jeff's car isn't
there. So because normally he always beats us in, right? So I check my phone, sure enough,
Jeff's not feeling well and David Wagner is going to come. David Wagner, who you know,
been on the podcast several times. Yeah. A friend of ours, a wonderful profit. Yeah.
David Wagner is going to come and he's going to speak that morning. And so I am literally like,
Oh, that's amazing, you know, blah, blah, blah.

- All right.
- I am always asking, if there's a profit in our midst,
kidding me?

- Okay, it just doesn't, I just don't typically do that.
- But on this particular morning,
- But on this particular morning, I was like,
"Lord, with this whole thing,
like this whole adoption thing going on. Like I would really love a word from David Wagner.
Like that about this thing. Like that would help me so much, you know.  And I was like, oh, yeah. So think way,
way back to first time David Wagner ever speaks. First time he prophesies over us.
It's a year after MJ's born.
You've already had your vasectomy,
and we stand up to get a prophetic word,
and David starts with,
"O boy, oh boy, oh boy," another boy for the Joneses.

What are you missing?"
'Cause I just said it vasectomy.
- We're both like, "No."
- My ability to comprehend that I can block God's will
by giving away baby stuff or having a snip, snip.
In hindsight, it's sheer folly.
But I remember thinking, "Oh, I love you, David."
Yeah, this is why we don't brops like babies. You know, I'm like, yeah, I'm all like smoggin
You're sweetheart, right? So I had lunch with them. I don't know. Maybe a month ago. Yeah, yeah weeks
Yeah, I said hey David
I need to oh you're an apology and I need to tell you what's going on in our life and remember that word
He gave us a boy. Oh boy. Oh boy. It's I told him the story
Yeah, he got a good shot
And what was funny is when we told the senior team like when we were telling all of the different people and asking them to pray
Danielle who's on our senior team when we shared it with her
She said guys all I kept hearing when you're sharing the story is oh boy
Oh boy, oh boy another boy for the Jones's and she's like I remember when David prophesied that and
Anyway, so we were like oh, okay, you know like all right so I got my timing wrong
You were settled after the third I was speaking to our friends. Yeah, I was I
was
Not unsettled, but I just didn't know what to do. Right and all of I say journal a lot with the Lord
Yeah, I mean I journal a lot anyway, but yeah, especially in this
I'm journaling journaling with the Lord and I'm aware that all of my objections so like in theory. I'm in
God I always would be
Practically like I'm like Lord. I don't know how I'm gonna afford this not not just afford the adoption
Right, but afford a fourth child. Yeah, you know
I'm not even sure we've got enough to send three kids to college.
Let them add a fourth.
And then I realized all of my objections are practical and the Lord is so good.
Plus I don't want to disobey the Lord.
Right.
So I remember generally the Lord, I'm like, and the Lord's in Alan, this is an invitation.
This is not a you have to.
Yeah.
This is, would you like to?
And I'm like, well, Lord, if I'm honest, I'm not sure I would.
I mean, again, I love it in theory, but my life is great.

I loved what the Lord said to me.
He said, "Alen, you live a rich life."
And I said, "I do, Lord."
And he said, "And rich lives are best lived shared."
And I remember thinking, you're right.
And I remember we, you know, we talked about it
and with this revelation of,
we've made bigger decisions on less revelation.
- Yeah, like never in my life have I had nine dreams
about the same thing and we haven't actioned it.
Like we've made huge moves based on so much less.
- Yeah, so I'm hearing from the Lord,
like, hey, I'm inviting you into something.
- Yeah.
- And I'm like, yeah, Lord, you are.
And I'm, this is a really bad example.
I'm embarrassed to say this publicly,
but I remembered this.
A number of years ago, two years ago, I don't remember.
We had an invitation to take our whole family to Israel
without any cost to us.
- Right.
a gift came to us and said, "We would like to send your whole family to Israel."
Yeah. And I was like, "That's kind, but I don't really want to do that."
Right. I guess.

And I was like, "Traveling internationally with three kids, and I'm not really one of those Israel people.
It doesn't hold a fascination for me, and I love the age you want to go, babe.
Why don't you go and say, "That's so generous. Thank you so much."
And then I remember, actually having a little bit of,
I didn't feel like the Lord's rebuke, but I remember just going,
and actually Israel's really precious to the Lord.
And so I wonder if my heart attitude is not only ungrateful,
but actually kind of disrespectful and dishonoring.
- Right.
- It's like the Lord has made provision
to show me something firsthand
that is so precious to him.
And I'm like, it's kind of an inconvenience to my life.
- Yeah, yeah.
- And I really was like, oh, it's a long flight
and my kids and traveling with kids.
And I don't really like history.
And I certainly don't like historical,
so seriously, I think I really wanna go
then just think, "Alm, you've been an ingrate.
You should do it."
You know, "Okay, fine, I'll go."
And plus, I'm grateful.
Like, there's an element of,
"I'm grateful, but I don't really wanna do it."

And what do you know, I have the greatest time ever
and I absolutely love being in Israel.
Would love to go back.
It was everything that everybody who'd been to Israel
was trying to tell you.
- Yeah, they were all right.
It's amazing.
- And it helped me understand that sometimes there's
a blessing that the Lord is offering to you
that you won't appreciate until you've said yes.
- Yes.
- And all your math, all your back of the envelope,
therefore it won't help you get.
And what God's looking for is obedience,
not necessarily agreement or understanding.
- Right, right.
- And so I said, okay, God, I have never known you to,
I've said that, I've preached to so many times.
The only thing that's on the other side of obedience
is utter satisfaction.
- Right.
- Like the life I have now came to me
through a series of radical obedience
where I didn't understand what I was saying yes to.
- Right.
- And I can trace it all the way back
to being asked to be a school teacher,
which I didn't wanna do,
but because I follow Christ, I'm gonna say yes.
- Yes.
- And it's produced rewards that weren't calculable for me.
- Right.
- And I said, Lord, I think this is what you're asking.
Great, so now I'm like on board,
but we still don't really know what to do,
But Jen's message, so we call this company
and we now get the hard data.
- Yes.
- I just want to be really vulnerable here
and really, I don't know if this is a man thing,
so men, women, if you listen to this
and you understand it great, men, I don't know.
But the entire life that we've been married,
we've not the entire life.
The entire time we've been here, the last 13 years,
we've been working Dave Ramsey's plan
to get out of debt, to get it financially.
Yeah.
All right.
To become financially prudent and wise.

For the first time in our adult married life,
we've not only paid off all of our debt,
but we have-- - Yeah, I mean not our house,
but not everything else.
- But we have got money put aside
that were we to lose our job,
we would be able to financially be okay
for three or four months.
- Right.

And I'm like, not proud of it,
but I'm like happy.
I'm like, Lord, like,
not only have you blessed us to get out of debt,
but now we're on the pathway to financial security.

- Yeah.
- Everything I've just saved is buh, buh, buh, buh, bye.
- Yeah.
You know, to get us even started on this pathway, I'm going to have to empty out our savings.
Yes.
So now I'm like, okay, Lord, like we're saying yes.
This is like a pathway forward.
I'm not sure it is.
And but I remember we made a decision, right?
Yes.
In the morning, we're going to sign on and we're going to start this process.
Yeah.
And we're going to trust God.
And we're, we're going to start the process by bringing our seed into this plan.
Yes.
And so it.
Yeah.
That and I have a dream.
Yes.
And in the dream, it's a new season of life.
And AJ and I are in our house and we have friends over.
And AJ is holding a baby boy in a diaper and he has red hair.
I remember that he has red hair.

And I remember just as part of life, I go over and the baby reaches for me
and I hold the baby close to me and in the dream, everything in my heart settles.
Now, before I went to bed, I'd cognitively decided,
this is a path we're going to take.
I'm on board with it.
When I woke up that morning, my heart aligned with you,
aligned and it moved from obedience, but it was an act of passion and excitement
for what this would bring.
Yes.
The whole thing is moved from decision to desire.
Yeah.
I want to tell you one of the dream.
OK, have maybe a couple of weeks after that.
So we've already made the decision.
Yes.
We've reached out.
We've reached, you know,
- Started the process. - Started the process.
And I have a dream, and in the dream,
we're all staying with Chris and Kathy Valleton,
our whole family. - Yes, okay.
- And a little bit of insight into my dreams.
Anytime Chris appears in my dreams,
it is always to rebuke me.
Like every dream I've ever had with Chris Valleton,
as a prophet, he comes and he brings correction.
So I don't really enjoy dreams with Chris Valleton.
- Yeah, like right away you're on edge, right?
In this dream, he was so kind to our family.
Like he put us up for a whole week
and he was kind and engaging with all the kids.
You know, he was fun, he was super sweet to be with
and Kathy, he was also super domesticated.
He would iron all his own pants
and I was helping him do laundry.

And I say, well, it's funny, Chris,
because actually, Agent, I have a major change in our life
that's on the horizon.
And he's like, no, I mean big.
And I was like, well, Chris, Agent,
I have a long history of pushing our poker chips
to the center of the table.
And this is another one of those.
And I woke up and I again, I was comforted by the fact
that, yes, we journey in our personal history with the Lord
and we look back, we have played this game
where we push all our poker chips to the center of the table.
We bet on God and He comes through and it's amazing.
And I've preached this for forever,
that the only thing that obedience ever produces
is utter satisfaction.
And we have this a long history of looking at stuff
that's happened in our life that we could never even
imagine was waiting on the other side of our yes.
Yes.
And often, really for us, even man's way
of looking at a circumstance has been very different
from what God has offered us.
And it's always been amazing, you know, on the other side.
- Yeah.
So, you know, that was our journey.
And then you were talking about, so we said yes.
That means back in April.
- April?
- We signed on with an adoption agency.
- Yeah.
- And we have completed all the steps
that we are required to become adoptive parents.
- Yes, and there's quite a few steps.
We didn't include how you would do it.
Yeah.
And we very quickly learned that you cannot pass go.
You cannot collect $200.
You cannot move on.
Yes.
Without something called a home study.
Yes.
And what is a home study you ask?
Well, you need a driver's license in order to be able to drive.
You need a home study in order to legally
be able to adopt in the United States.
Yes.
And so our home study is a great idea.
It's just a ton of work.
Well, I mean, I'm super glad for kids that get adopted,
that whoever they got given to had to go through this process
and pass it.
This rigorous process.
But it's more intense than getting our green cards.
Yeah, we were laughing about this.
Like, I've immigrated to two different countries.
Yes.
So I've filled in all the paperwork to emigrate to Canada.
Filled in all the paperwork to emigrate to America.
The paperwork for a home study is more exhaustive
than both of them.
Yes, they want everything.
They want everything.
Give us eight references, get your whole family medical check, give us a result of that.
We need to hear from, if you've ever been in therapy, we need to hear from your therapist,
a written letter from them.
We need all your financial information.
That is yours.
- F-B-I-R-E, fingertips.
- Oh, fingertips.
- Fingerprints.
- Fingerprints.
- Yeah.
- See, I can't even talk.
- F-B-I background checks, local police background checks, child abuse background checks, all
kinds of stuff.
- All of our stuff, like your will, your insurance, your...
- We want copies of all of that.
Also, we're going to send a social worker to your house to evaluate your house.
Is it got enough space?
Are you financially, physically, and socially safe?
And mentally, yeah.

Or in our case, another child.
The social worker would come and do an interview with every member of our family.
Yup.
Sometimes twice.
Yeah.
An exhaustive process that two months and months and months.
And then in the midst of that, of course, I had a tumor.
Well, it's nice to mix things up.
Yeah, it was great to stretch that out.
Yeah, like hiccups would be boring.
So yeah, you went and had surgery.
Yeah.
And that meant we had to wait
because the surgeon need to give you a full bill of health.
Yeah, so it made everything take longer than we expected.
Yeah.
For sure.
But we also got the book ready while we were doing that.
Well, the book, let me show you what a book is.
And the book that you're talking about, explain the book.
Well, so this is like a family profile.
Absolutely call it.
the company that we are using who are they're not actually an agency themselves.
And help you walk through the process.
Yes, they sort of they're like you're the lady that we first connected with. She said,
we're like a doula. Like we help you through the whole process of adoption.
I had to do a lot of doula is but I was like, oh, okay, that makes sense.
I understood right away. Anyway, so the profile book basically is something that is going to get
handed to a mom and she'll get a whole bunch of different ones from all different families.
Well, explain the process.
So the process looks like this. Basically, if there is a mom that reaches out to one of
the agencies that we're connected with and says, I would like to enter into this adoption process,
that mom gets sent out to the families and whatever information they have about the mom.
Well, I am. We've missed one important but weird step.
This is a slightly awkward talk about.
Okay. But when you sign on with agencies, we're with four adoption agencies.
Yeah. One of the first things they ask you, and rightly so, is like, when you say you're willing
or wishing to adopt, what are you willing to adopt?
Like, you know, talk to somebody.
Would you take twins, triplets? Do you have girls, boys?
Yeah. What age range, what ethnicity, what what medical problems are you comfortable with?
and you fill out this form, which is kind of awkward.
Yeah.
But these agencies have a record of what the Jones family
are looking for.
Yes.
And so sorry, continue.
So if a mom comes in and it matches the criteria
of what we're looking for, then we
would get sent that mom's information.
And we don't know how much information
will be available on that mom.
Information you mean her story.
Her story.
Her story.
Maybe medical history.
Maybe some medical history.
but maybe not much at all.
We don't, you know, it could be lots.
It could be almost nothing.
And then we get to pray, which I'm really excited
'cause we'll get to pray with the kids
and say, do we want to present our book to this mom?
- Is this the baby that we feel like God has for us?
Is this the birth mom that we're gonna work with
in the adoption process?
- Yeah.

And that mom then gets to look at all of those different books and decide, you know, what family would I like my baby to be?
Can I pause you for one second?
Yes.
I was speaking to Chris earlier and I looked up a statistic.
Yes.
For every one Caucasian baby that is available for adoption, there are 40 families looking for placement.
Wow.
Now, we are not limiting our...
No.
to our baby presence to Caucasian.
But I was like, that's amazing.
Wow. Yeah.
So anyway, as you said, the birth
one is going to get a bunch of profiles.
Yes.
And she's going to pick one.
She's going to pick one.
And if she picks us, then we would get to meet her either via Zoom or in person,
depending on what state she's in and what she would like to do about that.
And if after meeting, you know, both she and we go, yeah, this is it.
then we sort of sign on the dotted line and then we're--
- It's called a match.
- It's a match and then we get to, you know,
wait eagerly until the day that the baby arrives, so.
- And it's worth knowing that's just one way
that adoption can happen.
- Yes.
- Because maybe one of the strangest phone calls
I've ever had in my life, while we are finishing out
our family profile, we get a phone call from an agency
saying, we understand that you're looking to adopt.
And one of the preferences we've said
was we take from newborn to three years old.
And our preference would be a boy.
Yes.
And so this person said, hey, we heard this
is what you're looking for.
We have a four-year-old boy.
It's outside of the parameters you're looking for,
but just wondering if you'd consider this.
And we're like, what's happening right now?
Yeah, if he's placed for adoption,
if you could come to Florida tomorrow--
- Can you speak picked up tomorrow?
- Can you speak picked up tomorrow?
It will be $32,000 and we're like,
"Whoa, what is happening right there?"
And there was a bit of miscommunication
because we didn't even, we weren't--
- We weren't approved.
- We didn't have our most though.
- So we weren't eligible to do it anyway.
- But I was like, wait, that can happen?
So while we were talking earlier--
- And I've heard several stories like that
where it was like two weeks or three weeks away.
I mean, one of the people that we were talking to
when we were doing our home study,
she was telling us, like she was doing intake on a mom
who had phoned and said, Hey, I'd like to place my baby for adoption.
And she she was asking your questions like, okay, how far long are you
blah, blah? And she said, well, I'm about three centimeters dilated.
So, you know,
so we could get a phone call on a Thursday night.

It can be that we could get a phone call and it's a few weeks.
So I mean, it is one of those things where we really we've signed on for an adventure.
And we don't know how it's
any, you know, we don't know anything.
We don't know what state we're going to go and stay in.
We don't know any of that because whenever we do adopt, we also need to go to that state,
stay in that state for 10 days to two weeks until the paperwork's done.
And there's a whole little bit of
- Everything is a moving part.
- Oh my gosh.
- And there's no plan, there's just,
there's just wait and be ready to go.
- So where we are today is we have done everything
that we are able to do to make ourselves eligible
to adopt a baby.
- Yes.
- And we're in the waiting process where we're like,
okay God, this was a plan you put, you know, on our hearts.
We suggest we've done the paperwork,
everything that's necessary for this to happen.
We are now trusting you to unfold this.
And as you say, it's interesting that you won't hear this episode until about two weeks
after we recorded it.
So it'll be interesting to know what's happened in the two weeks.
Yeah, because things could have changed by then.
Yeah.
Yes.
Here's what we would be eager for you to do.
Like a request from our hearts is, first of all, thank you so much for listening to
this.
Like, you know, I love that people, I love that people choose to listen to us every
week, but especially this after I love that you are, you were interested enough to see
the title and hear our story. And we would really, really value your prayers. Because
as you can imagine, the way we're wired, like high planners, not much left to plan,
but just huge amounts of flexibility required. So we would love you to pray for us. We'd
really ask you to pray for us and pray for the birth mom and pray for this child that
we don't yet know either of them. Right. And in all likelihood, this child could
already be conceived. So I mean, I'm literally praying every day for the mom and for the baby.
And of course, we don't know who the mom of the baby are yet. But yeah, if you would pray,
if you would join with us and pray, that would be amazing.
There's a couple of things. If your heart is being stirred to connect with us more about the story,
there's a couple avenues that you could help and we would really value and cherish your help.
One, pray, absolutely. Two, if you would like to stay up to date with us on our adoption journey,
If you go to allen and AJ.com/adopt, there's a place where you can put your email in and we'll
add you to our adoption email list. Your email will only be used for adoption news. Like I said,
there is a delay of about two weeks between us recording and releasing an episode. And if you
want to have the most up-to-date information on how you can be praying for us or just even what's
going on, sign up for that mailing list. Again, once this whole journey is finished, we will delete
your email, we won't use it for any other purposes. Yeah. To be frank, we have exhausted our funds.
So, you know, you heard me talk about our, you know, emergency savings fund that we had, and,
you know, we have taken all the seed that we had, and we have spent all that money.
We pushed it all to the center. To get this far. And we're aware that the average cost of adoption
in the United States is between 50 and $60,000.
- Which is insane.
- Which is insane.
We don't have that money.
And we're trusting God.
God said, "Hey, I'd love you to do this."
And we've learned time and time again
that God does not order what he cannot pay for.
But if you're listening to the story and you're like,
"I would love to help the Jones family adopt.
"I would love to sow into adoption."
You can also do so at the same page,
lnnaj.com/adopt.
And for US taxpayers, if you're a listener and you pay US taxes,
We've worked or are working with an organization to ensure that your donations to helping us get
this adoption through will be considered as a tax deductible donation, which is great.
Yes, we're also working with an organization that will match gifts.
We haven't heard back from them yet. Possibly we will have by the time you can even visit this
page. But basically, up to a certain dollar limit, if you donate, they will match your donation,
which is wonderful. For our listeners who are outside the US who don't care about, you know,
US tax receipts, we've created a GoFundMe to help raise money for the adoption.
Whether you can give or whether you're praying with us or you want to just hear our news,
we're just so thankful to have you on the journey with us.
And of course, from time to time on the podcast, we'll keep you updated.
I'm sure to be part of our weekly update.
If you don't see an episode out, it could be that we're flying to a different state to meet a birth mom or a heart.
But if you're on the mailing list, you're going to know about that.
You're going to know all about that.
But thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you for listening to this story.
It's been a story we've been treasuring in our heart for the last 10 months.
It's really exciting to actually finally get to talk about it.
The kids have been dying to talk about it.
So they've been like, when is it coming out? When is it coming out?
Can we tell our friends?
Yes. So there's a lot of excitement in the Jones household
over this new adventure.
- Yeah.
- So to step today to give, to pray,
that website again, alanonaj.com/adopt
is the HQ for all things adoption related.
You can also follow us if you don't already
on Instagram @alanannaj.
And pray for us 'cause we're super excited.
- Yes.
- And until we have more news to share,
we'll hopefully be back same time, same place,
next week with a regular scheduled broadcast.


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UsePNGImageDecoder()
Syntax
UsePNGImageDecoder()Description
Enables the PNG (Portable Network Graphic) image support for the CatchImage(), LoadImage(), CatchSprite() and LoadSprite() functions.
Parameters
None.
Return value
None.
Remarks
All formats are supported, including the progressive format. The PNG format is well known by web designers, as it is now one of the more popular formats. The PNG format makes use of non-destructive compression (lossless) which means that the picture does not lose any information when that picture is compressed. This is actually the best lossless compression algorithm available.
See Also
UsePNGImageEncoder(), LoadImage(), CatchImage(), LoadSprite(), CatchSprite()
Supported OS
All


Welcome to cs3102!
The main goals for the first week are:
-
Set up the cohorts, and have each group get to know each other and figure out how you will work well together to ensure everyone in your cohort succeeds in the course and has a good experience learning with others.
-
Re-awaken the mathematical thinking skills you have (hopefully) developed previously, and start applying them to problems in theory of computing.
-
Understand the relationship between functions and cardinalities of sets, including infinite sets.
-
Understand the Principle of Induction and how it enables proofs by induction.
-
Breakfast
Schedule
Wednesday, 25 August, 11:59pm: Cohort Scheduling
To schedule the cohorts, it is essential that everyone in the course submits their scheduling preferences by 11:59pm on Wednesday. We will send out the cohort assignments by Friday morning, and these will determine your schedule for the rest of the week (and semester).
Here is the expected schedule for cohorts, based on the day of your assessed cohort meeting. This schedule will repeat similarly throughout the semester.
| Day | “Tuesday” Cohort | “Wednesday” Cohort | “Thursday” Cohort | “Friday” Cohort | “Sunday” Cohort |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thurs 26 Aug | Preparation | (Week 0) | (Week 0) | (Week 0) | (Week 0) |
| Fri 27 Aug | Preparation | Preparation | (Week 0) | (Week 0) | (Week 0) |
| Sat 28 Aug | Preparation | Preparation | Preparation | (Week 0) | (Week 0) |
| Sun 29 Aug | Prep Cohort Meeting | Preparation | Preparation | Preparation | (Week 0) |
| Mon 30 Aug | Revision | Prep Cohort Meeting | Preparation | Preparation | (Week 0) |
| Tues 31 Aug | Assessed Meeting | Revision | Prep Cohort Meeting | Preparation | Preparation |
| Wed 01 Sep | Writeup Due | Assessed Meeting | Revision | Prep Cohort Meeting | Preparation |
| Thurs 02 Sep | (Week 2) | Writeup Due | Assessed Meeting | Revision | Preparation |
| Fri 03 Sep | (Week 2) | (Week 2) | Writeup Due | Assessed Meeting | Prep Cohort Meeting |
| Sat 04 Sep | (Week 2) | (Week 2) | (Week 2) | Writeup Due | Revision |
| Sun 05 Sep | (Week 2) | (Week 2) | (Week 2) | (Week 2) | Assessed Meeting |
| Mon 06 Sep | (Week 2) | (Week 2) | (Week 2) | (Week 2) | Writeup Due |
Learning in cs3102
The concepts and techniques we hope you will learn in cs3102 are different from what you have learned before, and we hope they will lead you to develop new ways of thinking and approaching problems. It is not possible for most people to learn this passively; it is important that you are actively engaged in your learning, and it is a challenge for most people to do this in a virtual environment. We believe for most people this also involves a mix of solitary activities, that require internal effort and thought, and group activities, that require discussion and interaction with others.
Problems and Preparation: The weekly guides will include a set of problems (Cohort Problems below) that will be the focus on the assessed cohort meeting. We recommend reading through the problems at the beginning of the week, and starting to think about them before you do the readings and watch the course videos. Then, as you watch the videos and read the book chapters, you should return to the problems that are related to that material and try to solve them. For most students, we expect it will be better to mix up watching and reading with solving the problems, rather than doing all the preparation materials first before trying the problems.
Advice for watching the course videos: Most of us are well trained from thousands of hours of watching mindless television to let our minds go to mush as soon as a video starts playing. Staying engaged with videos is much harder than keeping focused in a physical classroom (which is already quite challenging for most people).
Here are a few tips that we hope will be helpful (if you have other suggestions, please share them with your classmates in the discord):
-
Watch together. If you are able to find others whose schedules’ align well enough with yours to watch the course videos as a group, this is a much better experience and more conducive to learning and discussion, than watching alone. There are several apps that allow a group to play youtube videos in sync (e.g., sync-tube.de), so you can watch the course videos as a group, pausing them to discuss and ask questions together. You can do this with other students in your cohort, but it is also fine to do it with other students in the class who are not in your cohort (or even with people not in the class).
-
Pause, think, and answer questions. Most of the videos are edited recording of lectures we have done in past offerings of this course. To make the videos watchable, “dead time” (such as long pauses waiting for questions and answers) is edited out of the videos (what was a typical 75 minute class, ends up as about 45 minutes of edited video). The “dead time” is time that students in the live lecture were (hopefully) spending thinking about what was just presented and the question that may have been posed. We encourage you to pause the video at points in the lectures, especially after the lecturer poses a question, to see if you can answer it yourself before proceeding with the recording.
-
Take notes. Writing things down helps understanding. It might seem silly to take notes when you know you can always replay the video, but the main value of taking notes is the act of the note-taking, not the product of the notes. We encourage you to approach the videos like you would an in person lecture, and take notes as you watch them, and take advantage of the opportunity to pause and rewind when helpful.
-
Speed-up. Youtube supposed watching videos at various speeds, up to 2x the normal speed. For parts of videos where you are confident in the material already, it is fine to watch at high speed (1.5x is usually reasonable). It is better to be engaged with a speeded-up video, than to be bored by a normal-speed one.
-
Take Breaks. Watching videos can be exhausting. Take breaks often (we include a few reminders and suggestions in the embedded videos below, but don’t limit your breaks to these, and don’t feel obligated to follow our suggestions). Get your eyes of the screen, and go outside if you can.
Reading
The main textbook we will use is Introduction to Theoretical Computer Science by Boaz Barak. We will refer to this as the “TCS” book.
This is an open textbook, you can download the full PDF from https://files.boazbarak.org/introtcs/lnotes_book.pdf and contribute to the book by submitting Issues and Pull Requests at https://github.com/boazbk/tcs. (See the Syllabus section on “Bonus Points” for a bit of extra motivation for doing this, if just making the world better for future generations of Theory of Computing students isn’t enough already.)
For Week 1, you should read these two chapters from the TCS book:
Chapter 0: Introduction [PDF]
Chapter 1: Mathematical Background [PDF] (you can skip 1.4.8 and 1.4.9 on Asymptotics and Big-O Notation for now; we will go into more depth on this later in the course)
Videos
You can play all the week 1 videos using the playlist, but don’t forget to take breaks: Week 1 Playlist
An Introduction to Problem Solving
Proofs and Pancakes (25:01)
Discrete Math Background
If there are discrete match concepts which you feel you might be rusty on, these videos are intended as a refresher. Feel free to skip if you’re comfortable with these things.
High Level Overview
Professor Harry Porter Has a great video that briefly touches many of the topics from discrete math that you’re expected to know for this course. You’re definitely welcome to watch the whole thing, but I’ve identified what I think are the most important pieces:
- Sets: 0:00-3:21
- Functions and Relations 3:21-9:10
- Boolean Logic 26:10-31:18
- First Order Logic 31:18-34:43
- Proof Vocabulary 34:44-37:46
- Overview of Proof Techniques 37:48-end
Brief but Deeper
Sets (11:11)
Functions (09:06)
Motivating The Math We’ll Use
We just talked about a lot of math in the previous videos. In the next couple of videos we’re discussing why we need to use that math, and how it’s going to fit into a course about computing.
Why bother with infinity? (07:14)
What do we compute on, exactly? (15:41)
Natural Numbers
Natural Numbers (03:12)
Induction
Induction (11:37)
Countability
Countability (09:30)
Problems
These are the problems you should discuss in your Cohort Meeting, and everyone in your cohort should be prepared to present and discuss solutions to at the Assessed Cohort Meeting:
Cohort Problems for Week 1 [PDF]
Writeup
This write-up is due by 11:59pm on the day after your assessed cohort meeting (see the schedule above). Unlike with other weeks, you task this week is not to write up one of the problems from this week’s problem set. Instead, this week your writeup is intended to familiarize you with LaTeX1, a document-editing programming language.
Your ultimate goal for this writeup is to submit a pdf that looks similar to this one by editing this template. Your submission should reproduce the proof as closely as you can, and should include a character/image of Professor Brunelle, Professor Evans and/or pancakes. As with the example, everything must fit on one page.
Register for Overleaf
Visit https://www.overleaf.com and register for an Overleaf account (if you don’t already have one). UVA has a site license to Overleaf, so if you register with your @virginia.edu email address you will have full access to all the Overleaf features for free.
Set Up Your Repository
Create your own copy of the Week 1 repository by following these steps:
- Download the Week 1 template
- In Overleaf, click on Create First Project or New Project in Overleaf and select Upload Project from the menu.
- Click Select a .zip file then select the week1_template.zip you downloaded in step 1
Edit the File
- Look in week1.text for the line, submitter{TODO: your name} and replace the TODO: your name with your name and UVA id: submitter{Nathan Brunelle (njb2b)}
- Replace the line,
\usepackage{toc}
(the second line in the file) with\usepackage[response7]{toc}
. You can do this by using the LaTeX comment token, %. The rest of the line after a % is treated as a comment. - Then, try rebuilding the PDF by clicking Recompile. You should see many things disappear, with only problem 7 remaining. (Note that response7 will leave only problem 7 in the pdf, response6 will leave only problem 6, etc. feel free to play around!)
- Put your reproduction of the proof in between
\begin{proof}
and\end{proof}
. - Upload your image to your repository
- Include your image in the pdf using
\includegraphics[]{}
. Put the name of the image between the curly braces (i.e.{}
). Put options for display, like resizing, between[]
. - If you get stuck, check out overleaf’s tutorials. I recommend starting by looking up
\align
.
Download and Submit
- Click on
PDF
in the left-hand size menu in overleaf - Click
recompile
, and make sure the pdf appears as you’d expected - Download the pdf to your machine, name it
week1.pdf
. - Upload your pdf to kytos to submit.
-
To Quote Leslie Lamport (the creator LaTeX) “One of the hardest things about LaTeX is deciding how to pronounce it. This is also one of the few things I’m not going to tell you about LaTeX, since pronunciation is best determined by usage, not fiat. TeX is usually pronounced teck, making lah-teck, and lay-teck the logical choices; but language is not always logical, so lay-tecks is also possible.” ↩


| 002:269 Khan | : |
He grants Hikmah to whom He pleases, and he, to whom Hikmah is granted, is indeed granted abundant good. But none remember (will receive admonition) except men of understanding. |
| 002:269 Maulana | : |
He grants wisdom to whom he pleases. And whoever is granted wisdom, he indeed is given a great good. And none mind but men of understanding. |
| 002:269 Pickthal | : |
He giveth wisdom unto whom He will, and he unto whom wisdom is given, he truly hath received abundant good. But none remember except men of understanding. |
| 002:269 Rashad | : |
He bestows wisdom upon whomever He chooses, and whoever attains wisdom, has attained a great bounty. Only those who possess intelligence will take heed. |
| 002:269 Sarwar | : |
God gives wisdom to anyone whom He wants. Whoever is given wisdom, certainly, has received much good. Only people of reason can grasp this. |
| 002:269 Shakir | : |
He grants wisdom to whom He pleases, and whoever is granted wisdom, he indeed is given a great good and none but men of understanding mind. |
| 002:269 Sherali | : |
HE grants wisdom to whom HE pleases, and whoever is granted wisdom has indeed been granted abundant good; and none would take heed except those endowed with understanding. |
| 002:269 Yusufali | : |
He granteth wisdom to whom He pleaseth; and he to whom wisdom is granted receiveth indeed a benefit overflowing; but none will grasp the Message but men of understanding. |
Concepts/Themes Covered: أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > توحيد الله تعالي > مشيئته Pillars of Islam> Islamic> Oneness of Allah> His Will الدعوة إلى الله > الحكمة في الدعوة > وجوب التزام الحكمة The Call for Allah> The Wisdom in the Mission> Having to Keep to the Wisdom Side الإنسان والعلاقات الأخلاقية > الأخلاق الحميدة > الحكمة Man and The Moral Relations> Good Morals>Wisdom العلوم والفنون > الحث على التفكر و إستخدام العقل Science and Art> Urging to Think and Use the Mind
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


OpenMM implementation¶
Before implementing a custom architecture for the model, we have decided to investigate whether one could utilize existing tools, such as OpenMM, for implementing it.
Advantages¶
OpenMM includes MPI and GPU platforms by default, so one could achieve massive performance gains with it;
A vast array of existing force fields and other tools, such as different integrators, handling PBC, PDB file parsing, automatic Verlet/cell lists etc. are available by default;
There are many frontends for it, including Python and C++.
Challenges¶
OpenMM is designed with all-atom simulations in mind – in particular, doing coarse-grained simulations efficiently may prove to be non-trivial, especially when we wish to use other tools in the suite;
Walls, especially resizable wall and lattice-like ones, are not available by default – there are, however, facilities for defining an appropriate force field;
Quasi-adiabatic and PID potentials are not included, and in particular there is no clear way of defining custom force fields based on dynamically created/destroyed contacts.


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1. Overview
AVIF is a file format wrapping compressed images based on the Alliance for Open Media AV1 intra-frame encoding toolkit. AVIF supports High Dynamic Range (HDR) and wide color gamut (WCG) images as well as standard dynamic range (SDR). Only the intra-frame encoding toolkit is used in AVIF version 1.0. Using the intra-frame encoding mechanism from an existing video codec standard has a precedent in WebP: VP8, and HEIF: HEVC. This document describes at a high level a proposal on the structure of AVIF version 1.0.
The initial version of AVIF seeks to be simple, with just enough structure to allow the distribution of images based on the AV1 intra-frame coding toolset. At its core, AVIF 1.0 will allow for one or more images plus all supporting data needed to correctly reconstruct and display the images to be conveyed in a file. The ability to embed a thumbnail image will also be provided. An image sequence with suggested playback timing may be defined.
1.1. Target Features
- AV1 intra-frame codec toolkit
- Multiple image storage: untimed unordered collection
- Animation: timed sequence of images
- Thumbnail image
- Alpha channel
- Extensible image metadata
2. Terms and Definitions
2.1. Alpha Image
A specific type of Auxiliary Image that may be used to convey information representing the opacity of associated Master Images.
2.2. Auxiliary Image
An image that is not be intended to be displayed but provides supplemental information for associated Master Images. AVIF allows only one type of Auxiliary Image: an Alpha Image.
2.3. Cover Image
A Master Image that may be used to represent the file contents. An example of this is a single image used to represent an animation before the animation sequence is activated.
2.4. Image Collection
One or more Master Images stored as items in a single file with no defined order or timing information. Within a collection, groups of image samples may share properties and metadata.
2.5. Image Properties
This is a class of non-media data. The property items may be descriptive image attributes or decoder configuration data. The properties are primarily for consumption by the decoding agent. This information may include:
- decoder specific configuration and initialization values
- image width and height
- pixel attributes
- color space
2.6. Image Sequence
A sequence of Master Images stored as a track for which information is provided that defines a sequential ordering and temporal information indicating suggested playback timing. An agent decoding and presenting an AVIF file may chose to render an Image Sequence as an animation.
2.7. Master Image
An image that is not a thumbnail or auxiliary image. For the purpose of this specification, such an image is encoded using AV1 intra-frame tools. This type of image is the primary displayable payload of an AVIF file. A Master Image may be used as a member of both an Image Collection and an Image Sequence.
2.8. Metadata
Metadata conveys image attributes that are not used to decode or reconstruct an image. This data is considered to be non-essential and non-normative. Examples of this include EXIF, XMP, and MPEG-7. An AVIF reader will not be required to extract metadata from a Informational Metadata boxes. Essential information shall be carried in the image media directly or be conveyed as Image Properties.
2.9. Thumbnail Image
This is a non-master image that may be used to represent one or more Master Images found in an AVIF file. It is typically of a smaller scale than the Master Images. Its compression format may be different than the one used by the Master Images.
3. Object Model and Structure
An AVIF file should be a simplified and conformant version of an [HEIF] file. This is to allow for the deployment of general libraries that may be used to create and parse HEIF-based image files wrapping different coding methods for the actual image content. This should be similar to ISO-BMFF usage in the video domain.
The AVIF file format will be built on the box-structured media interchange format introduced by the ISO Base Media File Format ([ISOBMFF]). The format specified by AVIF defines the use of a subset of box structures introduced in ISOBMFF. Where the necessary structures do not exist in ISOBMFF, structures defined as part of the High Efficiency Image File Format ([HEIF]: ISO/IEC 23008-12) that are codec neutral and can be applied in a generic manner are used. An AVIF version 1.0 file shall be compliant to the requirements of Clause 4 of the [ISOBMFF] specification, and where applicable, the recommendations in Annex I: Guidelines On Defining New Image Formats and Brands in the MPEG HEIF specification shall be followed for AVIF 1.0.
3.1. Image Storage
All of the constituent elements, including image samples, shall be contained in a single file. All media data locations, regardless of construction method, shall resolve to an offset within an AVIF file.
3.2. Image Collection Elements
An Image Collection is the most basic format of an AVIF file. This form should be used for the case of a single image, or when a group of images that have no logical or temporal sequencing.
Image Collections are structured as items defined in a single file-level MetaBox. Each master, thumbnail or auxiliary image that are a component of the Image Collection shall have an item definition in this MetaBox. Items have no timing information. Any association between a Master Image and an Auxiliary or Thumbnail image must be defined explicitly.
An AVIF file containing an Image Collection shall list the "mif1" brand as one of the entries in the compatible_brands array and conform to section 10.1 of [HEIF]. All boxes used to structure a collection are located at the file level within a MetaBox: there are no track level boxes. The image data for a collection may be stored within an ItemDataBox or a MediaDataBox.
The images stored in the file are listed in an ItemLocationBox. A unique ItemLocationBox entry shall be used to reference the media data for each image in the collection: Master, Thumbnail and Alpha images. Each image shall have an entry in the ItemLocationBox.
The type of the item element is identified in an entry in the ItemInfoBox. Every ItemLocationBox entry shall have a matching entry in the ItemInfoBox cross referenced by the item_ID.
The images making up an Image Collection do not need to have the same Image Properties. A specific property may be assigned to one or more of the images within the Image Collection using an ItemPropertyBox entry.
3.3. Image Sequence Elements
Image Sequences are structured as tracks. An individual track shall contain one type of image: master, auxiliary or thumbnail. Associations between a thumbnail or auxiliary image, and a master image, is determined by finding components of each track that are time-parallel as defined by procedures detailed in [ISOBMFF].
An AVIF file containing an Image Sequence shall list the "msf1" brand as one of the entries in the compatible_brands array.
The timing information provided for a Master Image track is advisory. However, the timing relationship between the master track and any associated non-master track shall be treated strictly when used to determine which images are time-parallel.
All Master Images that are part of a sequence shall share the same Image Properties. Any Image Properties assigned to the sequence shall be linked to the track and shall not be linked to an individual image sample. Image Properties are linked to tracks by setting the item_ID field of an ItemPropertyAssociation to a track_id.
The determination as to which master track images a non-master image is bound to is made after the decoding sample time is reconstructed for all tracks of the Image Sequence using the TimeToSampleBox (stts) information associated with each track. A non-master image is linked to each master image that has a decode time equal the decode time for that image or falls within the period before the decode time of the next non-master image in the track sequence.
3.4. Thumbnails
For Image Collections, a Thumbnail Image and one or more Master Images shall be linked using an ItemReferenceBox entry with a referenceType of "thmb" in the file-level MetaBox. A single thumbnail may be linked to multiple non-sequential Master Images in the collection.
For Image Sequences, a Thumbnail Image track may be associated with the Master Image track. The thumbnail track may contain one or more images. The number of Thumbnail Images shall not exceed the number of Master Images. Presentation timing for the thumbnail track is derived from the track-level TimeToSampleBox and may be treated as advisory for playback. A thumbnail track shall be associated with the primary track using a TrackReferenceBox with a referenceType of "thmb".
3.5. Cover Image
A Cover Image differs from a Thumbnail Image in that it is also a Master Image. For Image Collections, a PrimaryItemBox found in the file-level MetaBox may be used to indicate the image item that is to be considered the Cover Image. This image item shall be a master image. If not explicitly indicated in the above manner, the Cover Image shall be assumed to be the first master image entry in the ItemLocationBox.
For an Image Sequence, a PrimaryItemBox in a MetaBox found in the TrackBox of the master image track may be used to indicate the Cover Image. The MetaBox containing this PrimaryItemBox shall have a HandlerBox with a hander_type set to "pict" and an ItemLocationBox that has an entry with the same item_ID that is contained in the PrimaryItemBox. The item identified by the item_ID shall a Master Image. If not explicitly indicated in the above manner, the Cover Image shall be assumed to be first entry in the master track.
3.6. Alpha Channel
An Alpha Image is a specific type of auxiliary image that is used to carry per pixel opacity information for one or more Master Images. This is the only type of Auxiliary Image supported by AVIF.
A URN will be defined to identify AVIF alpha auxiliary images or tracks. For the purposes of this draft the placeholder urn:aom:avif:alpha will be used.
A brand that represents the encoding format of the alpha image shall be placed in the compatible_brands array of the FileTypeBox.
The alpha image shall have the same dimensional attributes as the largest channel plane in the Master Image: width, height, and pixel aspect ratio. Furthermore, the pixels of the Alpha Image shall overlay the pixels of the largest component plane of any linked Master Image exactly. For example, for YUV 4:2:x, this would be the Y component plane. The decoded value of an alpha pixel is shall be a normalized unsigned integer of at least 8 bits representing a value between 0.0 and 1.0 or a floating point value between 0.0 and 1.0.
For an Image Collection, Alpha Images and Master Images shall be linked using an ItemReferenceBox entry with a reference type of "auxl". A single Alpha Image may be linked to one or more Master Images. The total number of Alpha Images shall not exceed the number of Master Images. When an Alpha Image applies to a subset of the Master Image items this shall constrain all Master Images in that subset to have the same dimensional attributes.
When the AVIF file is structured as an Image Sequence, Alpha images may be associated with an Image Sequence using an associated auxiliary track. This track shall have a TrackReferenceBox with a referenceType of "auxl" with an auxiliary type of urn:aom:avif:alpha. For AVIF, only one alpha track may be included in the file. Linking of samples in the Alpha Image track and Master Image track is defined by derived parallel time alignment using each stream’s TimeToSampleBox. The timing relationship between alpha track and primary track is strict and shall not be treated as advisory. At a minimum, the alpha track shall contain a single image.
3.7. Metadata
Metadata is associated through a "cdsc" (content describes) item referenceType element in an ItemReferenceBox for an Image Collection, or a TrackReferenceBox for an Image Sequence. A conforming AVIF reader may ignore all metadata.
4. File Format
4.1. Common Elements
4.1.1. FileTypeBox
Each AVIF file will begin with a FileTypeBox. This shall be the first box in the file and may only be preceded by non-ISOBMFF data when necessary. The box should identify this file as conforming to HEIF with specific branding registered for AVIF.
If the major_brand field is set to "avif" then the minor_version shall be set to 0.
If the major_brand field is not set to "avif", then the brand "avif" shall appear in the compatible_brands array.
The compatible_brands array shall contain "mif1" if the file contains an Image Collection.
The compatible_brands array shall contain "msf1" if the file contains an Image Sequence.
The compatible_brands array shall contain an appropriate brand for the encoding used for thumbnails images if it is not AV1.
The compatible_brands array shall contain an appropriate brand for the encoding used for alpha images if it is not AV1.
4.2. Collection Elements
An AVIF file reader must be able recognize the following boxes. Any box field or feature not explicitly limited by this specification should be handled as defined in ISO 14496‑12 and ISO 23008-12.
| box hierarchy | version | box description | ||
| ftyp | - | file type | ||
| meta | 0 | metadata container box | ||
| hdlr | 0 | handler type definition | ||
| pitm | 0,1 | primary item reference | ||
| iloc | 0,1,2 | item location table | ||
| iinf | 0,1 | item information table | ||
| infe | 2,3 | item information table entry | ||
| iprp | - | item properties container box | ||
| ipco | 0 | item property definitions | ||
| ipma | 0,1 | item property associations |
4.2.1. MetaBox
A file-level MetaBox shall follow immediately after the FileTypeBox if the file contains an Image Collection.
4.2.2. HandlerBox
The handler type for the MetaBox shall be "pict".
4.2.3. PrimaryItemBox
One PrimaryItemBox may be used in this MetaBox to provide a reference to a Cover Image. The image referenced by the PrimaryItemBox shall be a Master Image. The PrimaryItemBox shall come before the ItemLocationBox.
4.2.4. ItemLocationBox
The data_reference_index for any AVIF conformant element in the ItemLocationBox table entry shall be set to zero.
The construction_method value of 2 shall not be used.
4.2.5. ItemPropertiesBox
Item Properties are associated with an item using an ItemPropertiesBox. The type of each property is uniquely identified with a fourCC. Two categories of image properties may be found in an AVIF file.
The first are decoder specific configuration and initialization properties. The AVIF codec configuration property will be identified with an property type of "av1C". Non-master image types recommendations may also define codec configuration property formats and usage rules.
The second are image descriptive properties conveying the attributes of the encoded image and, by implication, the reconstructed image post decode. The descriptive image properties that may be used in AVIF compliant files are:
- Image Spatial Extents (ispe)
- Pixel Aspect Ratio (pasp)
- Colour Information (colr)
- Pixel Information (pixi)
- Image properties for auxiliary images (auxC)
4.2.6. ItemInfoBox
All images samples that are members of the Image Collection shall have an entry in the ItemInfoBox item_infos table. This includes primary, thumbnail, and alpha images
Image samples of the collection shall use version 2 or 3 of the ItemInfoEntry box.
Each ItemInfoEntry referencing a master image shall have an item_type of "av1i".
Each ItemInfoEntry referencing an alpha plane image shall have an item_type field of"uri" and an item_uri_type set to "urn:aom:avif:alpha".
Each ItemInfoEntry referencing a thumbnail image shall have an item_type field set to either"av1i" or"jpeg".
The item_name is optional. A single byte null string shall be used to indicate an empty item_name.
4.2.7. ItemReferenceBox
An AVIF file reader shall support item references of the following types:
- "auxl" auxiliary image; limited to an aux_type of urn:aom:avif:alpha
- "thmb" thumbnail image; limited to"av1i" or"jpeg"
An AVIF file reader may optionally support item references of the follow type:
- "cdsc" content description
4.2.8. ItemDataBox
An ItemDataBox shall be used if any ItemLocationBox entry has an"idat" construction method.
4.3. Sequence Elements
An AVIF file reader must be able recognize the following boxes. Any box field or feature not explicitly limited by this specification should be handled as defined in ISO 14496‑12 and ISO 23008-12.
| box hierarchy | version | box description | |||
| ftyp | - | file type | |||
| moov | - | movie container box | |||
| trak | - | track container box | |||
| tkhd | 0,1 | track header | |||
| tref | - | track references | |||
| mdia | - | media information container | |||
| mdhd | 0,1 | media information header | |||
| hdlr | 0 | media handler type | |||
| minf | - | media information box | |||
| vmhd | video media header | ||||
| dinf | - | data information container | |||
| dref | 0 | data references for track sources | |||
| stbl | - | sample table mapping container | |||
| stts | 0 | sample to decode time table | |||
| stsd | sample description(visual sample entry box subclass) | ||||
| stsz | 0 | sample size table | |||
| stsc | 0 | sample to chunk table | |||
| stco | 0 | chunk offset table | |||
| mdat | - |
4.3.1. MovieBox
4.3.2. TrackHeaderBox
For a track of sample type "av1i" the flag field shall be set to track_enabled and track_in_movie.
For "thmb" the track_in_preview flag shall be set and track_in_movie cleared.
For "auxv" (auxiliary used to convey alpha images) tracks the flag field shall be set to zero.
4.3.3. TrackReferenceBox
The reference_type values supported by an AVIF file shall be:
- "thmb"thumbnail track
- "auxl"; only when the auxiliary track type is alpha
4.3.4. MediaBox
Each MediaBox associated with AVIF elements "av1i" and "thmb" shall contain a HandlerBox with the handler_type shall be set to "pict".
For alpha auxiliary tracks, the handler_type of the HandlerBox shall be "auxv".
4.3.5. SampleTableBox
The "av1i" codec configuration (see ItemPropertyBox above) block shall be used as the AV1 specific version of the SampleDescriptionBox for all AV1 encoded image tracks: primary and AV1 encoded thumbnail images.
A JPEG encoded thumbnail shall conform to section H of the HEIF specification and use the "jpgC" JpegConfigurationBox as its sample descriptor.
For an alpha track, the AuxiliaryTypeInfoBox shall be used as SampleDescriptionBox entry in the SampleTableBox for an alpha track. The aux_track_type shall be assigned the string urn:aom:avif:alpha. This is the only type of auxiliary track defined by this specification.
4.3.6. DataReferenceBox
Only one type of DataReferenceBox table entry shall be used to define to the location of an AVIF media data element: the DataEntryUrlBox. Furthermore, the entry_flag must be set to 0x001 to signal that the data element resides in the same file as the containing DataReferenceBox.


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Case and Agreement
The (non)-connections between them
Peter W. Smith
22nd November 2019
From last time
Case and GF
We saw that there is no direct link between position and case.
But, there do seem to be default rules that assign case.
Lexical cases are inherent.
Today: Mechanism
Case Assignment
Suppose that case is assigned to some element: what does this mean?
Specifically, how do the case features end up going from verbal head to nominal?
Futhermore, why would this change position?
Case Assignment
Hypothesis: case and agreement are intimately linked.
Idea: Agreement is necessary for case assignment.
We can then use the operation of agreement as being part of the mechanism of case assignment.
Agreement


Next:
Formal notations
Up:
Model checking of multicore
Previous:
List of Figures
Contents
Index
List of Tables
A platform specific definition of __fixed types
A platform specific definition of __accum types
Subsections
Formal notations
ash 2012-09-13


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Elektra
0.8.18
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To create different variants of the same feature, but avoid code duplications within plugins, you have multiple options:
COMPILE_DEFINITIONS
(that are Macro definitions). This should be preferred when different macro definitions lead to different plugins. It should especially be used when the resulting plugins have different dependencies: it is possible to have different LINK_LIBRARIES
.The advantage of compilation variants are:
#refnames
To use compilation variants, add your plugin in the CMake Cache Variable PLUGINS multiple times. Then there can be an arbitrary number of variants. As naming convention you should have a base name with an additional have appended with underscore, e.g.:
myplugin_varianta;myplugin_variantb
In the CMakeLists.txt of your plugin, you have two options. Option (A): When you can easily enlist every variant you simply list all plugins one after the other (outside of if (DEPENDENCY_PHASE)
):
add_plugin(myplugin_varianta SOURCES <your sources for varianta here..> COMPILE_DEFINITIONS VARIANTA ELEKTRA_VARIANT=varianta LINK_LIBRARIES <libraries for varianta> ) add_plugin(myplugin_variantb SOURCES <your sources for variantb here..> COMPILE_DEFINITIONS VARIANTB ELEKTRA_VARIANT=variantb LINK_LIBRARIES <libraries for variantb>
Option (B): If you cannot enlist every possible compilation variant, you can iterate over all PLUGINS and check which names are requested. Then you create a plugin for every name that matches:
foreach (plugin ${PLUGINS}) if (${plugin} MATCHES "myplugin_.*") # somehow process the variant names and include # or change sources and compile definitions # based on that. add_plugin(${plugin} SOURCES <your sources here..> COMPILE_DEFINITIONS <definitions here..> ELEKTRA_VARIANT=${plugin without prefix} LINK_LIBRARIES <libraries for variantb> if (${plugin} MATCHES "ALL") # handle categories of plugins add_plugin(myplugin_all1, ... add_plugin(myplugin_all2, ..
For the categories such as ALL
, however, you need to automatically append (using add_plugin
) a useful set of plugins.
Note that every plugin needs to have ELEKTRA_VARIANT
differently set in COMPILE_DEFINITIONS
, otherwise you will get a linker error that libelektra_<pluginname>_LTX_elektraPluginSymbol
has multiple definitions.
Now every public function of the plugin conflicts with itself. To avoid that, you can use:
ELEKTRA_PLUGIN_FUNCTION(myplugin, open)
where myplugin is the name of the plugin and the second argument is how the function should be called.#include ELEKTRA_README(myplugin)
As a summary, you can have many plugins build out of the same source. Using pluginname_variantnames many plugins will be compiled, each with other SOURCES or COMPILE_DEFINITIONS
and even LINK_LIBRARIES
: If you, e.g. just set the variants name as macro you can use
#ifdef varianta #endif
within the code and can have two plugins: one (called myplugin_varianta) compiled included the #ifdef
the other (base variant called myplugin) without.
Currently compilation variants is used in the resolver plugin.