The entire area to be developed as green for recreational use. The entire area to be developed largely (85%) for green area for recreational use, and the balance (15%) for gainful purposes.
Alternative (i) a) Merits of the Strategy :-
No large development activities except horticultural operations and provisions of green linkages with the adjoining and existing built-up areas to maintain ecological balance and relief to the public.WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 65 of 96
Maintenance of the characteristics of the soil water table and existing vegetation.
Generation of additional heavy traffic volumes on existing roads and bridges to be avoided.
Heavy capital investments to be avoided.
b. Demerits of the Strategy :-
Being centrally situated and considering pressures on the land, the land in riverbed is precious. If not developed in a planned manner, it would be encroached upon and built upon as already going on. Prevention and removal of encroachments is always difficult; so such situation should be avoided.
It will result into less and under utilization of the precious land resource situated in the centre of the Delhi Metropolitan Area.
It will lead to urban sprawl since the housing and other activities for the growing population of Delhi is being spread out and located at the urban fringes. The heavily built-up and congested area (e.g. Old City) will not have any opportunity for relief and decentralization of economic activities. A large amount of water in the river is evaporated because of its low dept and wide spread, resulting in shortage of water, affecting ultimately the supply of potable water and irrigation.
Alternative (ii) This includes 85% green for recreational purposes and partly (15%) for gainful purposes residential, commercial, public and semi-public uses. Overriding advantages of this strategy over the first one:
It will release about 7300 ha of land for urban activities largely for recreational use and provide an opportunity to restructure the land use pattern, not only of Delhi but also of the Delhi Metropolitan Area.
This would integrate the two parts of Delhi each of metropolitan character, with the river front on either side.
Trans-Yamuna area which is extremely deficient in recreational facilities and open spaces could be compensated by this scheme of development of recreational use in the riverbed.
The urban sprawl could be controlled without disturbing the green character of the area and need for recreational use.
The controlled discharge of water will avoid evaporation to a great extent.
Efficient links and transportation system by roads and urban rail can be provided to integrate the two parts of Delhi on either side of the river.WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 66 of 96
(e) THE EXTENT AND NATURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCES
64. The land of Commonwealth Games Village Complex is in Khasra No. 48, 49, 51, 52 min, 57 min, 58 min, 59 min, 60 min, 61 min, 63 and 64 min of Mauza Chiraga Zanubi. The area where Commonwealth Games Village is located is in Pocket-III and is surrounded by Nh-24 on the southern side, embankment on the western side, railway line on the northern side and marginal bund road on the eastern side. Before moving on to the submissions of the parties herein, one must take note of the relevant dates with respect to the grant of Environmental Clearance (EC) for the said construction, and is as follows:
65. The Environmental Clearance (EC) from the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) is mandated under the EIA Notification of 2006 for all such new constructions that are listed in the Schedule wherein „Building and Construction projects‟ also finds a mention. The MoEF has constituted independent Expert Committees called the Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) to review all proposals for EC in accordance with para 5 of the EIA Notification of 2006. As per the provisions of the Environment Impact Assessment Notification, 1994 as well as the EIA Notification dated 14-9-2006 read with circular dated 13-10-2006, the proposal of the DDA, i.e., Respondent No.5 for seeking approval for the construction of the Commonwealth Games Village in the river bed was appraised by the EAC of MoEF for New Construction Projects and New Industrial Estates, on 14-10- 2006, 3-11-2006 and 1-12-2006. A site visit was also made by the WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 67 of 96 EAC on 2-11-2006. The Expert Appraisal Committee applied Precautionary Principle to emphasize that the proposed works should not be of a permanent nature and dismantable structures be adopted and the river bed may have to be restored to the river.
66. Based on the recommendation of the Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) of Ministry of Environment and Forests, Environmental Clearance for the project was accorded on 14-12-2006. Among the various conditions imposed while according to the clearance, the following is relevant for the issue being raised by the Petitioners herein :-
"Since the design of the proposed structures is yet to be made, so far as possible the work should not be of a permanent nature. It should be possible to take this point into consideration and adopt dismantable structures. Unless detailed studies lead to the conclusion that the proposed structures can be left behind permanently, the proposals should proceed with the assumption that the river bed may have to be restored to the river."
67. That pursuant to this, the Ministry of Environment and Forest vide letter dated 22-1-2007, further modified the letter dated 14-12-2006 by stipulating that the „DDA could go ahead with the planning of their construction works, permanent or temporary subject to the condition that the actual work on permanent structures will not start till such time that the mitigation/abatement measures against upstream flooding are identified after the studies and their implementation begun in such a way that the work is completed on or before the date when the building will be completed‟. Thereafter, DDA commissioned a study to CWPRS, Pune to identify WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 68 of 96 mitigative/abatement measures to prevent flooding of upstream areas of Yamuna river catchment in the city north of Nizamuddin Bridge due to the construction of the Akshardham Embankment in 2000. The report of this study was submitted by CWPRS, Pune to DDA on 6 March 2007 which was submitted by DDA to MoEF on 7 March 2007.
68. Further modification to the Environmental Clearance order took place on 29-3-2007 wherein it was provided that the DDA could go ahead with „planning‟ of their construction works subject to condition that work on permanent structures will not start till such time the mitigation/abatement measures against upstream flooding as identified by the Central Water and Power Research Station is completed. The final approval was granted by the Ministry of Environment and Forest, vide its letter dated 2-4-2007 stating as follows :-
"DDA could go ahead with their construction works, permanent or temporary, subject to the condition that the following mitigative measures against upstream flooding as identified in the Study report by the Central Water and Power Research Station (CWPRS), Pune, shall be completed on or before the date when the building for the Commonwealth games will be completed."
OUR ANSWER
69. We started our judgment by pointing out that this case involves balancing of two extreme and conflicting ideologies. On the one hand, the respondents are concerned with the development of the capital city and the opportunity which has come in the form of 19th CWG-2010 for which Delhi is the host is seen as an opportunity to WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 69 of 96 plan the city by creating such infrastructure which would place the city on the world map by its inclusion in the list of world-class cities. The world over, cities vie with each other to host "hallmark" events such as the Olympics, World Cup‟s etc. It is seen by many as a sure way of shooting the host city into the limelight, resulting in an „economic windfall‟ (Baade, R and Matheson, V. 2002. Bidding for the Olympics: Fool‟s Gold? Transatlantic Sport: The Comparative Economics of North American and European Sports, (London: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2002), 127-151.), and at the same time giving these host cities the impetus to improve domestic facilities and infrastructure. The impact of the nomination of a city as organizer, range from the physical (construction projects) to the intangible (local self-esteem or international impact). The impact that an event of this kind has on the urban landscape can largely be gauged by the size of the „legacy‟ that it creates. It is important to note here that it is not only legacy creation that is important, but creating a legacy which is beneficial to the host community post games, and which justifies the costs involved.
70. In recent years, therefore, hosting sporting events has been viewed as a prestigious achievement resulting in opportunities for economic profit, urban regeneration and global media exposure. Increasingly such sporting events are being aimed at increasing the exposure and visibility of the host city, and many academicians believe that success cannot be simply decided by profit and loss, as there are many intangible and unaccounted for benefits (Brown, A and Massey, J. WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 70 of 96 2001. Literature Review: The Impact of Major Sporting Events. http://www.uksport.gov.uk/images/uploaded/M2002_Baseline_2001 .pdf).
71. On same lines, India is preparing to break out on the world scene as an economic superpower, and the games are a step in propelling India on to the world stage. In Delhi‟s bid for the games, it states that through the games, the city wishes to, among other things: 1. Stimulate economic growth and development; 2. Improve city infrastructure. (The Report of the Commonwealth Games Evaluation Commission for the 2010 Commonwealth Games). Thus two of the professed aims of the games are to improve the welfare of the citizens of the city through improving facilities and promoting investment in the city. This Court in Shivaai Industries (P) Ltd. v. Rites Ltd. and Anr. 2007 (2) ARBLR 256 (Delhi) took note of the importance of the CWG-2010 and the infrastructure that has been planned :-
"The Commonwealth Games, as the very name indicates, which are going to be hosted by India and Delhi as the venue, are the games where all Commonwealth nations would be participating. These include countries from almost all continents. It also cannot be disputed that for holding these games, the host country is bound to meet the specification and requisite standards as laid down by the Organizers of these games relating to the infrastructure, proper and necessary facilities at the venues of the games etc. Of course, need to revamp existing stadia and construct more; provide facilities for player and sports persons, including 'Games Village' is manifest. Such facilities and infrastructure are not and cannot be confined to various stadia and venues alone where games are to be held. For watching these games, people from all the participating countries would be thronging the city. In fact, to make the event a success and generate revenue, it is necessary to attract the people from all over and to achieve that proper infrastructure in all respects has to be in place. Such an event is WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 71 of 96 always exploited as 'Sports and Tourism' combined. It is for this reason, these requirements include providing adequate hotel and other accommodation, necessary infrastructure outside venues, including transportation, etc. Above all, Delhi as a city and NCR region will have to show its best face. For this, all types of facilities like more luxury and budget hotels, making metro rail fully operational, modernisation of airports etc. is needed. Other facilities like proper and well constructed roads, flyovers, availability of all forms of transportation including private and public modes of transportation is required as well. This brings the necessity of state of art BQS and construction of toilets as well. Judicial notice can be taken of the fact that Organizers of the games have been visiting Delhi and inspecting the progress insofar as the preparation for these games are concerned and they have also expressed, in the past, their concern over the slow progress. To meet the deadlines, it is necessary to bring impetus to progress in this direction."
72. The CWG-2010 will not only benefit Delhi in terms of better infrastructure but the region's economy is also likely to rise by 49 per cent to touch Rs 1,75,000 crore, as per the ASSOCHAM study 'Forthcoming Commonwealth Games: Possible Revenue Generation Resources for Delhi'. The Games will generate so much of direct and indirect activities in almost every key segment that touches masses with large number of infrastructural projects getting commissioned. The Counter Affidavit of Respondent No. 3 also enlists various advantages that the holding of the CWG-2010 would yield for Delhi:-
Promotion of tourism on a larger scale, resulting in inflow of foreign exchange and exposure of foreigners to Indian culture;
Educating the citizens of the country on the important role that sports can play for building a homogeneous society and to improve the general health of the citizens;
Upgradation of existing sports infrastructure and creation of new infrastructure of international standards in the city hosting the games;
Improvement of civic amenities in the host city; Promotion of closer ties between the people of the Commonwealth countries and enhancing the WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 72 of 96 prestige of the country before the international community; and Giving a boost to the indigenous sports industry.
73. One may also refer herein to the working paper of Vinayak Uppal on "The Impact of the Commonwealth Games 2010 On Urban Development of Delhi" which raises some hard questions that need to be answered before one can conclude that such an event has a positive effect on the host community. Can the financial requirements for such an event be possible to generate? Some other questions that arise out of such events, with particular relevance in this paper, is its impact on the urban scenario. Will the event lead to rampant and unchecked development, possibly unplanned? Will the infrastructure created be beneficial post-event or will it remain under utilised? Will the city‟s infrastructure be able to bear the strain of additional visitors that flood the city during such an event? Will the event prove to be a hindrance to the city‟s residents during the event? The author concludes the said paper in the following words :-
"One can see that at least on paper; the city is all set to transform itself by the time it plays host to the Commonwealth Games. However it is also necessary to keep one thing in mind, and that is that Delhi is otherwise too a rapidly growing city, a dynamic economy and an integral part of India‟s growth engine. Delhi is estimated to have a population of approx. 192 lakh people by 2010, compared to 140 lakh in 2001, a growth of nearly 40% (www.delhistat.com). This means that it would be wrong to place the causation of all infrastructure and urban development onto the Commonwealth Games. A large amount of it would probably have taken place anyway, the games just gives it a geographical bias and a deadline.
The world over there is a serious re-think taking place among city officials as well as academics about the way to go about these events. Do they do more harm than good is not a question that has been answered conclusively, as many of the benefits derived are intangible ones. However it has yet to be conclusively shown that these events are beneficial as well and WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 73 of 96 it is crucial to examine each event independently, studying its unique characteristics, as well as examine previous events and try and learn from their mistakes.
Delhi‟s citizens have a right to know about the benefits that such events can have to the city, but need to be informed of the downsides as well. The present plan for the Commonwealth Games may be a recipe for an ecological and financial disaster, or they might finally put the city, and the country, on the world map. They may bring in a new era where electricity and water problems, perennial problems in the city, are no longer an issue or they might increase the burden on an already overloaded system. Popular perception tells us that the Asian Games was an unmitigated success. Closer analysis tells us that it was not so simple. The Commonwealth Games, with some smart marketing, may just follow in those footsteps."
74. On the other hand, the environmentalists perceived some of the construction activities, particulary on the periphery of Yamuna, as dangerous to the environment and particularly Yamuna river. It is, thus, again a matter of sustainable development where two apparent conflicting interests are to be balanced and it is the duty of the courts to ensure that the infrastructural development is not at the cost of environment. We have already outlined the principles of law which are to be kept in mind while dealing such an issue. To recapitulate in brief, the concept of Sustainable Development would mean balancing ecology and development. To achieve this, the State is to adopt an integrated and coordinated approach in the development planning so as to ensure that development is compatible with the need to protect and improve environment for the benefit of its people. In other words, eco-systems and organisms, including land, marine and atmospheric resources, are to be managed in such a manner to achieve and maintain optimum sustainable productivity, but not in a way which would endanger the integrity of those other eco-systems WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 74 of 96 or species with which they co-exist. Activities which might have impact on nature are to be controlled and best available techniques that minimize significant risk to nature or other adverse affects are to be used. Infrastructure is to be created keeping in view „eco- development‟ whereby development is aimed for, along with adoption of mitigating measures so as to avoid devastation of natural resources/environment.
75. No doubt, economic development of the nation to raise living standards of the people of the country is also the need of the hour. It is necessary that the economic conditions of the people in this country improve and economic welfare grows; India becomes economic super-power and is brought at par with the developing nations, such economic grows for the welfare of common people is the need of the hour, which is also the mandate enshrined in the Constitution in the Chapter entitled „Directive Principles of State Policy‟. The achieve this, if the State adopts certain measures and take policy decisions with that end in view, courts generally keep their hands off and do not interfere with such decision taken by the policy makers who are experts in their field. It also hardly needs to be emphasized that the development of basic infrastructure is sine qua non of the economic growth. Today, all the countries in the world, and particularly most of the developing countries in Asia, are striving hard to achieve this and we cannot leave ourselves left behind. It is for this reason that the growth is taking place in most of the countries in the 21st Century at a level never envisaged before. WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 75 of 96
76. At the same time, such economic growth inevitably affects the natural resources and environment. The challenge, therefore, is to ensure that the economic growth does not supersede the concern for environmental protection and the natural resources are conserved as far as possible. In order to achieve this Sustainable Development, the principles which have been developed are: (a) the Precautionary Principle; (b) the Polluter Pays principle; (c) the Public Trust doctrine;
(d) Inter-generational Equity principle, etc. The construction activities as formulated by the Respondents are to be implemented keeping in view the principles and doctrines discussed hereinabove. That is to say, there has to be simultaneous care of the river Yamuna and its flood plains to as much extent as possible. The fact that the river Yamuna has lost its carrying capacity, as argued by the petitioners herein on the basis of the NEERI Report of 2005 is to be kept in mind and effort need to be made in the direction of restoring and reinstating the river as a natural resource. It goes without saying that the same will be by the way of cooperation and participation of not only the respondents but also of the petitioners, and other people/organization associated with the drive of cleaning the river Yamuna.
77. The respondents claim that they have kept these environmental concerns in the fore-front while undertaking the project of construction activities at the periphery of Yamuna, be it CWG-2010 or the Metro project. As pointed out above, as per the respondents, WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 76 of 96 the construction began only after the environmental clearances were obtained by the MoEF and these clearances were granted after conducting expert studies, as recommended by it.
78. Insofar as construction relating to the CWG-2010 is concerned, as per the counter affidavit of MoEF, the constructions of buildings would be taken up in only 3 hectares of the site area of 11 hectares and DDA will construct, as temporary structures, the dining hall, polyclinic and some related temporary structures in consultation with the Organizing Committee of the Commonwealth Games Federation in the remaining areas. Therefore, they maintain that the total area of 3 hectares where buildings are to be constructed under the CWG project is miniscule when compared to the total area near the river Yamuna and the same poses no ecological threat and feasibility of construction of permanent structures over a small area out of the total area which forms a part of the NEERI Report.
79. We may also note that as per the counter affidavit of the MoEF, it has prescribed detailed safeguards in its Environmental Clearance dated 14.12.2006 as modified by letters dated 22.1.2007 and 29.3.2007. The EC dated 14.12.2006 laid general conditions and specific conditions with respect to construction as well as operation of the project. Further on account of permanent structure being constructed, the MoEF vide its letter dated 29.3.2007, while granting permission to DDA to continue with the construction work, entailed various conditions with respect to mitigation/abatement measures against upstream flooding, and the same read as under :- WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 77 of 96
"DDA could go ahead with the planning of their construction works, permanent or temporary, subject to the condition that the actual work on permanent structures will not start till such time that the following mitigation/abatement measures against upstream flooding as identified in the Study report by The Central Water and Power Research Station (CWPRS), Pune, are completed:
(a) To raise and strengthen the embankments along the river in the UT of Delhi to cater safely for a discharge of 9,910 cu.m./s. and also checks that the embankment is not over topped in case the discharge increases to 12,750 cu.m./s.
(b) Strengthen the existing embankments and guide bund up to a minimum free board of 1.8 m. The guide bund should also be strengthened to check flood discharge of 12,750 cu.m./s.
(c) In order to protect the Akshardham bund, left upstream guide bund of Nizamuddin road bridge, left downstream of Nizamuddin railway bridge and right bank between Nizamuddin railway bridge, Nizamuddin road bridge, one layer of stone crates of 1.0 m x 1.0 m x o.85 m on sloping portion as well as an apron over geofabric filter shall be laid. On the rear side of the bunds, the slop shall be protected by turfing.
(d) Protection to the existing bridge piers and strengthening of guide bunds of the other structures existing in the reach between Indraprastha barrage and Nizamuddin road bridge shall be carried out.
(e) On the upstream side of Akshardham temple, on both sides of the river Yamuna, arrangements shall be made to protect flooding of area due to back flow of drains."
80. The Respondent DDA has also filed a chart in this court thereby listing the compliance measures being adopted by it from time to time in compliance of the Environmental Clearance dated 14.12.2006 as modified by letters dated 22.1.2007 and 29.3.2007. The Respondent DDA in its counter affidavit clearly states that the remedial measures listed by MoEF are duly taken care of in the following manner :-
Groundwater Recharge: So far as ground water recharge is concerned, the ground water recharge pond area, as suggested WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 78 of 96 by NEERI, has not been disturbed and is retained. Rain water from the pocket shall be transferred to ground aquifers by means of recharge wells. Thus, no adverse impact shall be created on the ground water recharge system of the area. Moreover, the scheme itself provides for a water body of 0.25 hectares (approx.). Further, compulsory rain water harvesting is also part of the project.
Seismic Consideration: The buildings are being designed after taking into consideration provisions of IS Code 1893 (Part I) 2002. IIT Roorkee, one of the pioneer institutes in India in earthquake engineering, has been retained as design consultant to take care of all seismic factors of the site.
Green Development/Plantation: DDA has retained the services of the Council of Forestry Research and Education (formerly known as „Forest Research Institute‟), Dehradun for the Green Development of the site of Commonwealth Games Village. It is a well known institute in the Forestry Research.
Waste Management: Land measuring 0.6 hectares has been handed over to Delhi Jal Board for construction of a 1 mgd Sewage Treatment Plant using membrane technology in which the effluent will be treated to the BOD level of 10. The treated water will be odourless and will be utilized for flushing and irrigation purpose for green. Regarding disposal of solid waste, the necessary measures stipulated by Ministry of Environment & Forest vide letter dated 14.12.2006 will be taken. There is obviously no question of dumping of any solid waste in the river.
Water Supply: Land measuring 0.6 hectares has been handed over to Delhi Jal Board for construction of 1 mgd Water Treatment Plant. The water from the existing bore wells will be utilized by the Treatment Plant.
81. Notwithstanding the aforesaid claims of the respondents, two aspects, which are most relevant and extremely crucial, have to be kept in mind. These are:
(i) whether the construction is on the „riverbed‟?
(ii) whether there is a clear mandate in the clearances for construction of permanent structures, as is being undertaken?WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 79 of 96
82. There was a great debate as to whether the construction is on the riverbed or not. The term „riverbed‟ and „flood plain‟ are used interchangeable throughout the Report of Experts referred to. One may say, as submitted by the Learned Counsel for the Respondent DMRC, that riverbed is only the bed on which the actual river flows while as the rest is the river floodplain. The authorities on this aspect hold distinguishing views and are to be taken note of. In the Conservators of the River Thames v. Smeed, Dean & Co. (1897) 2 QB 335 (at 337), it was held that the word riverbed denotes that portion of the river which in the ordinary or regular course of nature is covered by the waters of the river. However, in Ashgar Ali & Ors v. Secy. of State & Ors., AIR 1930 Cal 764 the bed of the river was defined as the area covered by the river and is the space sub-adjacent to the river and is the space sub-adjacent to the river over which it flows between the banks. It is the space between the banks occupied by the river at its fullest flow. The Black‟s Law Dictionary (6th Edn. Pg. 154) describes a river bed as the hollow channel of a water course; the depression between the banks worn by the regular and usual flow of water; the land which is covered by the water in its ordinary low stage; the area extending between the opposing banks measured from the foot of the bank from the top of the water at its ordinary stage. In P. Ramanatha Aiyer‟s „Advanced Law Lexicon (Vol- IV, 2005 Edn., pg. 4157-4158) has described the bed of a river as the space contained between the banks; „riverbank‟ in turn has been defined in the same law lexicon as the boundaries of a river WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 80 of 96 throughout its width when the water flows to its maximum quantity. Wikipedia Encyclopedia states that stream bed is the channel bottom of a stream or river or creek, the physical confine of the normal water flow. The lateral (channel margins) during all but flood stage are known as „stream banks‟ or „river banks‟. In fact, a flood occurs when a stream overflows its banks and flows onto its flood plain.
83. It would be necessary, at this juncture, to point out the construction at Akshardham. If the stand of the petitioners on the interpretation of „riverbed‟ is to be accepted, the petitioners conceded that even the construction at Akshardham was on the riverbed. However, it is difficult to gloss over the fact that this very construction of Akshardham was the subject matter of challenge before the Supreme Court in U.P. Employees Federation‟s case and the Apex Court dismissed the said writ petition vide orders dated 12.1.2005 recording that the said construction was in accordance with the sanctioned plan and with nearly 1700 mts. away of the „riverbank‟. Therefore, whether the present construction is on the „riverbed‟ or not itself would be a disputed question. We are, therefore, of the opinion that so far as the issue raised by the parties herein as to the present site not being part of flood plain/ river bed after the creation of embankment in 2002, the same requires consideration of an expert committee.
84. In fact, the construction on flood plains is widely prevalent globally and most of the cities in the world have been constructed on WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 81 of 96 erstwhile floodplains by taking adequate flood protection measures including creation of embankment. There are various cities located on river banks such as New York on Hudson, Washington on Potomac, Montreal on Ottawa, Rio-de-janerio on Amazon, Cairo on Nile, London on Thames, Paris on Seine, Frankfurt on Rhine, Karachi on Indus etc. Whether such a project can be replicated for river Yamuna also is a matter which experts can decide. We may point out that as per the petitioners channelization of river Yamuna is neither feasible nor environment friendly.
85. Thus, what is the scenario which emerges and with which we are confronted with? On the one hand, we have the prestigious Commonwealth Games, almost at the anvil. The importance of the Commonwealth Games already been highlighted in sufficient measure hereinabove. We also note that certain environmental clearances are obtained by the MoEF which, at least, enable the respondents to carry out the construction and go ahead with it. The matter has received the attention at the hands of experts at various levels. In addition, the respondents have also pointed out that detailed institutional mechanism has been set up by Government of India with regard to all decisions regarding CWG including the Village Project. The Group of Ministers (GoM) was constituted with the approval of the Prime Minister for coordinating the work relating to CWG, 2010 in September 2004. It was in the 9th meeting of the GoM, on the basis of a presentation of the Organizing Committee, the venues for the different events were approved. So far as an WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 82 of 96 option of alternative site for the said construction is concerned, the same was discussed by DDA and GoM on 4.1.06. The various options submitted by DDA for development of the Games Village were considered in the said meeting, and it was decided to develop the Games Village on a Public Private Participation (PPP) model, involving Government funding for development works and temporary overlays and private funding for development of residential accommodation.
86. Apart from GoM, various committees such as Organizing committee, Committee of Secretaries, empowered Committee have been set up and the same are acting in terms of the declared policies of the Govt. Of India and Govt. of NCT of Delhi. These are all policy decisions and to achieve public purpose of boosting the sports in the country and also fostering all round social and economic development through the means of an international sporting event. All decisions with reference to CWG-2010 are policy decisions taken in good faith. All round efforts on all fronts are being made for the preparation of the CWG-2010 action has to be taken in all directions simultaneously and that is proper management. It is the trite law that courts are not to interfere with the decisions of the expert bodies unless it is shown that such decisions are arbitrary, irrational or illegal and the court cannot substitute those decisions by providing its own wisdom and stating that there could be a better policy decision.
87. Above all, it is not even the province of this Court to suggest that there are other alternatives which may be more suitable or better. It WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 83 of 96 is trite law that the courts are not to interfere with the decisions of expert bodies unless it is shown that such decisions are arbitrary, irrational or illegal. The Court cannot substitute those decisions by providing its own wisdom and stating that there could be a better policy decision.
88. Reference can be made to the Narmada Bachao Andolan v. Union of India and Others (2000) 10 SCC 664 where it was held as follows:
"There are three stages with regard to the undertaking of an infrastructure project. One is conception or planning, second is decision to undertake the project and the third is the execution of the project. The conception and the decision to undertake a project is to be regarded as a policy decision. While there is always a need for such projects not being unduly delayed, it is at the same time expected that as thorough a study as is possible will be undertaken before a decision is taken to start a project. Once such a considered decision is taken, the proper execution of the same should be taken expeditiously. It is for the Government to decide how to do its job. When it has put a system in place for the execution of a project and such a system cannot be said to be arbitrary, then the only role which a Court may have to play is to see that the system works in the manner it was envisaged.
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225. It is now well-settled that the courts, in the exercise of their jurisdiction, will not transgress into the field of policy decision. Whether to have an infrastructure project or not and what is the type of project to be undertaken and how it has to be executed, are part of policy making process and the Courts are ill equipped to adjudicate on a policy decision so undertaken. The Court, no doubt, has a duty to see that in the undertaking of a decision, no law is violated and people's fundamental rights are not transgressed upon except to the extent permissible under the Constitution. Even then any challenge to such a policy decision must be before the execution of the project is undertaken. Any delay in the execution of the project means over run in costs and the decision to undertake a project, if challenged after it's execution has commenced, should be thrown out at the very threshold on the ground of latches if the petitioner had the knowledge of such a decision and could have approached the Court at that time. Just because a petition is termed as a PIL does not mean that ordinary principles applicable to litigation will not apply. Latches is one of them.WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 84 of 96
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229. At the same time, in exercise of its enormous power the Court should not be called upon or undertake governmental duties or functions. The Courts cannot run the Government nor the administration indulge in abuse or non-use of power and get away with it. The essence of judicial review is a constitutional fundamental. The role of the higher judiciary under the Constitution casts on it a great obligation as the sentinel to defend the values of the Constitution and rights of Indians. The courts must, therefore, act within their judicially permissible limitations to uphold the rule of law and harness their power in public interest. It is precisely for this reason that it has been consistently held by this Court that in matters of policy the Court will not interfere. When there is a valid law requiring the Government to act in a particular manner the Court ought not to, without striking down the law, give any direction which is not in accordance with law. In other words the Court itself is not above the law."
89. It is well established that the Court should be slow to interfere with the Expert Bodies. {See - N.D. Jayal & Anr. v. Union of India & Ors., (2004) 9 SCC 362.}
90. As approved by the Prime Minister, a High Powered Committee for Yamuna River Development has been constituted with Lt. Governor, Delhi as Chairperson and Chief Minister, Delhi as Vice-Chairperson vide Office Memorandum No. 731/2/1/2007-Cab-III dated 24th August 2007. The setting up of the same assumes importance with the concern that the development of river front however is an exercise which needs to be approached with due care, after proper studies on different aspects. The terms of reference of the High Powered Committee stated in the said Office Memorandum reads as under :-
Commission studies on different aspects of the development of the river viz. hydrology, ecology, environmental WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 85 of 96 pollution, sustainable use of the river front, etc. to feed into the policy framework.
Develop a policy framework and prepare an integrated plan addressing issues of both quantity in terms of river flow and quality in the Yamuna River.
Develop an operational plan for implementation of the river action programme.
Effect intersectoral coordination for planning and implementation until such time as a statutory arrangement is in place.
Suggest the design for a statutory framework.
91. While the aforesaid features go in favour of the ongoing construction in the vicinity of river Yamuna, we also find on record the following features: Though, according to the MoEF, necessary environmental clearances have been obtained on the basis of the report of CWPRS, this Court may not move into the correctness of the Report of the CWPRS commissioned by the DDA for the purpose of the instant construction or for that matter the NEERI Reports of 1999 and 2005. So far as NEERI Report of 2005 is concerned, it is clear that the same is silent over the embankment created in 2002. It is clear that the said Report is with respect to the rejuvenation of the river Yamuna and made recommendation with respect to the whole riverbed. The same neither specifically covers the area where the construction is going on at present nor restricted to area earmarked in 2003 for the Games.
92. Furthermore, we also find that the Environmental Clearance dated 14.12.2006, as modified by letters dated 22.1.2007 and 29.3.2007 by MoEF was a conditional clearance. The above-listed conditions WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 86 of 96 by MoEF over the construction only require strict monitoring. Moreover, during the course of arguments when the aforesaid aspects of NEERI Reports of 1999 and 2005 were pointed out by the counsel for the petitioners, NEERI submitted its affidavit dated 29.1.2008 clarifying that the site in question was not even a „flood plain‟, much less a „riverbed‟. We are constrained to observe that this affidavit is the result of some of the loopholes in its earlier reports which were picked up by the petitioners and pointed out to the Court. From an institution of this repute, it was not expected that report of this kind would be submitted. The Court gathers an impression that it is a tailor-made report given to suit the requirement of the respondents. In the earlier report given by NEERI, as is pointed out above, it had recommended only the construction of temporary structures. It is not at all explained as to what were the changed circumstances which weighed with NEERI to opine that structures can be of permanent nature. Even otherwise, when DDA is permitted to go ahead with permanent structures, the same is subject to so many conditions and it is necessary to ensure that these conditions are complied with.
93. In this backdrop, though we cannot accept the plea of the petitioners to stop the construction, which may have far more serious consequences, more particularly when at this juncture no alternative is available. As noted in the beginning, the petitioners did not approach the Court well in time to enable it to direct the respondents to undertake further studies or think of alternate site, if WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 87 of 96 it was ultimately to be found that the site in question was not very appropriate. There is hardly any time for such an exercise if CWG- 2010 are to take place as scheduled. Furthermore, the respondents have at least the necessary clearances to go ahead with the construction. While permitting this construction activity, we are also the opinion that some further steps are needed to address some very important and significant aspects highlighted by the petitioners before us, insofar as impact of this construction on river Yamuna is concerned.
94. We, therefore, issue the following direction :-
A Committee of Experts would be constituted with Dr. R.K. Pachauri, Nobel laureate and environmentalist as its Chairman. This Committee shall undertake specific study about the construction in question from the point of view of its impact on the ecology and protection of Yamuna river and submit its report to the Court to enable the Court to pass further orders thereupon.
95. CONSTRUCTION BY DMRC Insofar as construction by DMRC is concerned, its counsel Mr. V.K. Shali argued that the construction activities are fully authorized and directly related to the essential operational requirements of the Metro. The depot yard is essentially required in its present location to meet the operational requirements of the Noida and Anand Vihar branches of the Metro under construction.
WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 88 of 96
96. It is submitted that the total dry land for utilization was 7300 hectares. The NEERI Report of 2005 clearly states that the area of riverbed under Delhi UT is about 9700 ha with a breakup of 2400 ha under water and the balance 7300 ha under dry land. DDA has proposed to reclaim and utilize these dry lands for more usual purpose like recreational and similar other uses. Further, the NEERI Report of 2005 approved total area of 219 for roads and metros out of which the DMRC was given 40 hectares. The relevant portion is at page 2.10 of the NEERI Report of 2005 and reads as under :-
"Circulation (Area - 219 ha.) The future system of circulation pattern in the scheme is to be conceived to provide an efficient transport network system (via roads and urban rail) within the proposed development and integrate it with the existing corridors on either side of the river."
97. The DMRC was allotted land measuring 31.9 hectares for alignment and yard at Yamuna Khadir on permanent basis by the DDA vide allotment letter dated 13.1.2006. According to the terms and conditions of the allotment, the land was to be used only for the purpose of alignment, station and the yard. Similarly, 36.67 acres of land belonging to the Irrigation Department, State of Uttar Pradesh, was allotted to the DMRC vide letter dated 21.2.2007.
98. It is also the argument that no environment clearance is required for Metro project as the same is apparent from the Notification dated 14.9.2006 of the Ministry of Environment & Forests. Environment clearance is exempted to MRTS works for being the „railway project‟. WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 89 of 96
99. It is submitted that before carrying on with the construction, necessary permission was obtained from the Yamuna Standing Committee (for short, „YSC‟), an expert body constituted by the Central Water Commission. The said Committee is an expert body which evaluates the proposal, if at all permission is to be given, and the necessity thereof and after due consideration and deliberation only the permission is granted. In the 68th meeting of the YSC, a proposal was submitted by DMRC in the year 2002 was listed as Item 68.3.2 in the agenda of the YSC as a proposal, namely, for East & West, MRTS Corridors from Connaught Place to Dilshad Garden for the consideration of the Standing Committee. The extract of the said item reads as under :-
"Item No.68.3.2 East West MRTS corridor from Connaught Place to Dilshad Garden In the year 2002, MRTS had submitted a proposal namely "East-West MRTS corridor from Connaught Place to Dilshad Garden with a bridge on river Yamuna and a Depot" for consideration of Yamuna Standing Committee. The Committee had discussed the proposal and decided that the construction of the bridge as proposed by the DMRC was acceptable. However with regard to the construction of the depot, it was desired that DMRC may try to find an alternative site and in case it was not feasible, it should propose reclamation of the bare minimum area away from the active river edge. In the 63rd meeting of YSC the representatives of the DMRC conveyed to the Committee that the proposal had been dropped by them.
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd., Delhi has forwarded the proposal for East-West corridor with some modifications vide letter dated 10.1.2005. It was mentioned therein that alternative piece of land along the approved corridors could not be located anywhere and that the bare minimum requirement for the depot in Yamuna Khadir has been worked out as 45 ha. instead of 71.42 ha. indicated earlier. It has also been mentioned therein that Delhi Government had approved six corridors as part of MRTS Phase-II. The Connaught Place to Dilshad Garden line has now been slightly modified and has been approved as Indraprastha-Yamuna Bank-Anand Vihar WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 90 of 96 Line. A new connection from Yamuna Bank to New Ashok Nagar which will run along the Noida Link Road and would terminate at New Ashok Nagar has also been proposed. It is stated in the proposal that the alignment of this new line would be on viaduct and would comprise of stations at Yamuna Bank, Games Village, Mayur Vihar Phase-I and Mayur Vihar Phase-I Extn. enroute in the Yamuna Khadir. A presentation on the new proposal was made by the DMRC before the Yamuna Standing Committee. It was mentioned by the DMRC that 45 ha. of land is required for the Depot and 11.92 ha. for Yamuna Bank Station and the corridor. The Chairman of the Committee pointed out that for Depot at Shastri Park, DMRC required 34 ha. of land whereas 45 ha. of land was proposed for the Depot on this line. DMRC representative explained that there is only one line in Shastri Park corridor, whereas there would be two corridors starting from the Yamuna Bank Station. One would lead to Anand Vihar and other to New Ashok Nagar. The land in between the two corridors cannot be used for Depot purpose that is why the land requirement for this depot is more. Chairman stressed that DMRC may work out the barest minimum land required for this depot.
The Committee noted that the stations on the corridor from Yamuna Bank to Ashok Nagar may be constructed on the raised platform so that the minimum flood plain of the river Yamuna is encroached and these stations may not obstruct the flow of water during floods. On this DMRC representative told the Committee that the alignment of this new line was discussed by them with the CE (I&F) Delhi and he had agreed to allot the alternative land or this line on the bank of the drain after crossing the Noida link road. Therefore DMRC is now planning that this line after crossing the Noida link road near the Noida morh will run parallen to the road on the left side at the bank of the Nallah. CE (I&F) Delhi agreed to allot the alternative land for this line just on the bank of the drain after crossing the Noida link road. This whole alignment then will be away from the Yamuna Flood plains. He sought that construction of Depot be approved in principle subject to the DMRC again reviewing the proposal and submit the revised proposal with barest minimum land requirement for the Depot. The Committee was of the view that DMRC should not construct any staff quarters in this area and approach DDA to allot alternative land for the same. The Chairman desired that the DMRC may prepare a revised proposal and submit to the Yamuna Standing Committee for consideration.
The Committee also decided that the guide bunds of the proposed bridge on river Yamuna for the DMRC line and Railway Bridge should not be joined and flood water should be allowed to spread in the area freely. The DMRC may explore the possibility for providing alternative access to the Depot in consultation with CWPRS."WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 91 of 96
100. As per the decision of the 68th meeting of the Standing Committee, DMRC submitted the revised proposal in which the land required for depot was reduced to 33.72 hectares from 45 hectares along with land for a station and vidaduct alignment 11.08 hectares. The said proposal was circulated to the members of the Standing Committee vide letter dated 4.5.2005. The DMRC further revised the proposal vide its letter dated 12.7.2005 and reduced the land area requirement for depot to 27.92 hectares. The requirement of area for alignment and station remains unchanged at 11.08 hectares. Thereafter, in the 69th meeting, the proposal of DMRC for the construction of Yamuna depot to the barest minimum land, i.e. 27.92 hectares, Yamuna Bank Station and alignment was approved. The relevant portion of the 69th meeting of YSC reads as under :-
"The DMRC revised the proposal further and sent the modified proposal to YSC vide letter dated 12th July 2005. In this new proposal, the DMRC had further reduced the land area requirement for Depot to 27.92 ha. The requirement of area for alignment and station remained unchanged at 11.08 ha. They had also mentioned that certain essential staff is to be housed close to the Depot to be available on call at a very short notice in emergencies. The provision for housing in the proposal had been reduced to 0.75 ha. from the original proposal of 2 ha. DMRC also mentioned that CWPRS, Pune had completed their studies for the left guide bund for the proposed rail bridge and the details are given in technical report No. 4246 of July 2005 received on 12.7.2005. 300m long guide bund with curved head of radium 180m and an angle of sweep of 1200 on the left upstream side had been recommended. On the left downstream side a 120m long guide bund with curved tail of radius 120m and an agle of 600 had been recommended. Downstream guide bund is to be aligned normal to the bridge axis but upstream guide bund is to be aligned at an angle of 1000 with the bridge axis. A side slope of 1:2 and an approx width of 30m are proposed to be provided for the guide bund. For sloping portion on the river, stones in crates of size 0.5m x 0.5m x 0.5m in one layer and for apron, stones in crates of size 1.0m x 1.0m x 0.75m in two layers over geofabric filter had been recommended. Over the geofabric filter, a 15cm thick layer of coarse sand would also be WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 92 of 96 provided before placing the stone crates to avoid rupture of geofabric material.
In this meeting the representatives of DMRC made a presentation on the features of revised proposal and requested to clear the proposal at the earliest. Representatives of Govt. of UP, Delhi and Haryana told in this meeting that they had no objection from their side. The Chairman, YSC, enquired whether it was possible to increase the gap between guide bunds of proposed bridge for DMRC line and ITO bridge. Similarly there should be a gap in d/s guide bund of the DMRC bridge & the Nizamuddin Railway Bridge for allowing free passage of flood water keeping in view the requirement of training the flow to the bridge intact. The CWPRS representative informed that it would be possible to increase the gap 195m after reducing the length of guide bund from 375m to 300m.
YSC cleared the proposal of DMRC subject to the compliance of above and desired that a copy of the model study of the proposal be submitted for record.
(Action: DMRC)"
101. It is also tried to project that the DMRC, with respect to the construction of station and depot, has duly complied with the „precautionary principle‟ of environmental protection and have been adopting all remedial/mitigating measures. The site where construction is being done is only to the extent of 18% where proper arrangements and measures are being adopted.
102. The Respondent DMRC has deposed that no residential colony is being constructed as alleged by the petitioners. Only 0.59 hectares of land near the eastern road of the Depot is being used for construction of residential quarters which are a part of operational structures to house engineers and other technical staff etc. for the maintenance of the Metro. This is very essential for providing the accident free and efficient service. When the city will go to sleep, the WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 93 of 96 Engineers and Technicians of DMRC will have to do the job of maintenance of the tracks and coaches etc. between 11.00 p,m, to 6.00 a.m. With respect to the construction of station and depot, the DMRC has also been making proper arrangements for rain water harvesting and has even planned for sewage treatment plant and effluent treatment. The other measures obtained by DMRC are as follows :-
Design of depot was approved by the technical report of Central Works and Power Research Station dated May 1993.
Two bunds, i.e. bund constructive by the DMRC and the one already constructed by Railways are not joined so that the flood water can spill over to the land in between the two lands.
Only 18% of the land allotted to the DMRC is covered while the rest is being kept open to sky so that ground water recharging is not substantially affected.
The provision for rain water harvesting has been made in the depot and the Yamuna station as a consequence of which ground water table will be recharged.
STP and ETP plans will be installed at the depot/Yamuna bank station and the water used shall be used for the purpose of watery plants and grass and no part will be discharged in the channel.WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 94 of 96
Use of fly ash is permitted by notification dated 3.4.2007 of the Central Government for filling up a low line area in a specified manner.
Report of the IIT has been obtained that no toxicity will be caused to the ground water on account of the use of the fly ash.
The earth dug out from the well where the piers were laid is being removed so as to provide the natural course to the channel of the river without any obstruction.
103. Keeping in view the aforesaid in mind, we are not interfering with the DMRC project in question. However, at the same time, we direct that the Committee under the Chairmanship of Dr. R.K. Pachauri, which is to be constituted by the Government shall examine and monitor the construction carried out by the DMRC on the site in the same manner as in the case of Commonwealth Games Village.
104. This writ petition is disposed of in the aforesaid terms with no order as to costs.
(A.K. SIKRI) JUDGE (REKHA SHARMA) JUDGE November 03, 2008 nsk WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 95 of 96 POST SCRIPT I have gone through the judgment of my sister Rekha Sharma, J. I entirely agree with all the directions given in the said judgment and, therefore, those directions would be deemed as directions of the Bench.
(A.K. SIKRI) JUDGE November 03, 2008 nsk WP (C) No. 7506/2007 nsk Page 96 of 96


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Belgium star De Bruyne brands Euro 2020 a ‘fake competition’ over draw format
by FSA EditorBelgium qualified for Euro 2020 in style, but Kevin De Bruyne is unhappy that his side already know who they will face Russia and Denmark.
Belgium midfielder Kevin De Bruyne labelled Euro 2020 a “fake competition” and claimed the draw format is a sign of football becoming more of a business than a sport.
Roberto Martinez’s side won all 10 qualifiers to finish top of Group I and qualify automatically for next year’s finals, which will be staged in 12 different cities across Europe.
The group draw will take place on November 30 but, due to seedings and rules involving host nations, Belgium already know they will be drawn into Group B with Russia and Denmark.
Belgium can start planning for the expansive tournament, but Manchester City star De Bruyne is unhappy with the format.
“It’s a shame,” he told VTM Nieuws after scoring twice in Tuesday’s 6-1 win over Cyprus.
 Football has become more and more [like] a business.”
De Bruyne featured in six of Belgium’s qualifiers, scoring four times and assisting a further six goals.


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Confirm David Smith's identity
Dear C Moore,
David Smith has applied for a new UK passport. Her Majesty's Passport Office needs someone to confirm David's identity.
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You'll also need your current UK passport.
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THE FIRST WIVES CLUB A film review by Joe Blenkle Copyright 1996 Joe Blenkle
(***1/2 out of ****) Rated PG
Funny, funny, funny! Paramount's new comedy "The First Wives Club" is a well-rounded outing that has a little bit of everything.
Not only is it a very funny movie, it has its touching moments, a little bit of drama, and lots of hijinx that will keep you in stitches for the entire length of the film.
"The First Wives Club" stars Bette Midler as Brenda, Goldie Hawn as Elsie, and Diane Keaton as Annie, three life-long friends that have drifted apart in their years since college.
The trio is brought back together by the tragic suicide of another friend, who despite her great wealth suffered from a failed marriage and an unhappy, lonely life.
The "girls" find they have more in common with their departed friend than they'd like to admit. Despite Brenda's loving son, Elsie's career as an actress, and Annie's seemingly happy marriage and life as a housewife, all three discover after a night of drinking that they are all miserable.
Brenda and Elsie's husbands have dumped them for younger women and Annie is soon to discover that husband Aaron's (Stephen Collins) night on the town is only a gentle way of breaking the news to her that he wants a divorce.
The girls ban together to form "The First Wives Club" to hand a little bit of misery back to their ex-husbands.
Brenda schemes to get the "goods" on ex-husband Morty's (Dan Hedaya) selling stolen goods in his electronics store; Elsie is ordered to liquidate all her and Bill's (Victor Garber) possessions and split the money. She sells them to Annie for a dollar. Annie auctions them off to raise enough money to buy her husband's advertising firm out from underneath him.
The girls definitely get the goods on the guys with hilarious results.
The film also stars Sarah Jessica Parker as Shelly, a dim-wit blonde who has taken up with Morty; Bronson Pinchot plays Duarto, an interior decorator friend of Brenda; and Elizabeth Berkley (Phoebe) stars as Bill's new (and not known to him - underage) love interest.
"The First Wives Club" is a Paramount Pictures presentation produced by Scott Rudin and Directed by Hugh Wilson. Screenplay by Robert Harling.
-- This review, photos, upcoming attractions, links and more can be found on my movie review web page at: http://www.calweb.com/~jblenkle/movies - stop by and visit! Guest reviews welcomed - email me at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The review above was posted to the
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Species Relation Defining Diagram
Indicating that a "Category" is in a species relation with a "Classification".
Note that it is the extension of the Category which are in fact the species.
Attributes:
Differentiating Factor (M) (String)
The factor which differentiates this species of the genus from others. For example, if "Bacterial Infection" is a species of "Infection", the differentiating factor would be "Caused by Bacterium".
Associations To:
| Many |
genus |
Only One |
Classification Element |
| Zero, One or Many |
species |
Only One |
Category |
Subtype Partitions:
SR/Ordering
Unordered Species Relation
Ordered Species Relation


If you can't stand the wintah you don't deserve the summah Laum Ipsum lobstah paut. Front dooryahd swampdonkey Bangah bluebries Mount Dessuht Moxie rhubaahb queeah door-yahd, mugup Saddee potatoes ayuh, fellers batrees Up in thah county, Powrtland podunk mummah what a cahd.
If you can't stand the wintah you don't deserve the summah Laum Ipsum lobstah paut
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MouseZSpeed
Parameters:
| n/a |
Description:
| MouseZSpeed returns -1 if the mousewheel on a suitable mouse is being rolled backwards (towards user), 0 if it is not being moved, and 1 if it is being rolled forwards. |
|
Graphics 640, 480, 0, 2 SetBuffer BackBuffer () Repeat Cls Select MouseZSpeed () Case -1 result$ = "Backwards" Case 0 ; result$ = "No movement" Case 1 result$ = "Forwards" End Select Text 20, 10, "NOTE: MouseZSpeed () = 0 is not listed here, to avoid confusion!" Text 20, 40, result$ Flip Until KeyHit (1) End |


I designed promotional assets for the New Balance website with the objective of driving customer conversion by creating product pages and web advertisements.
I was lucky to work under Rita Moore while at New Balance, who helped me with design and decision-making on much of my NB work.
At New Balance, my workflow was integrated with the needs of several teams. The site team, who launched new products and strategized new campaigns provided me and a copywriter with a brief, and we’d collaborate on the copy and design. The process ended with me handing off the packaged files to the development team.
My work touched on diverse channels, including home page banners, product grid page designs, and promotional emails. Every medium comes with its own set of user expectations and quirks, but I enjoyed learning the New Balance system and executing designs that drive conversion and look aesthetically-pleasing at the same time.
My time at New Balance galvanized my content-focused approach to design. I’ve always been focused on making work that’s pretty, but I learned that good design is purposeful and effective too, and that an awareness of stakeholders, clients, competitors, and their needs and intentions drive highly effective designs.
I was introduced to the e-commerce business model and agile workflow, and had my first opportunity to work closely with copywriters and developers. I’ve found this experience extremely useful in my career when speaking the language of development, business, or design, and sometimes all three at once.


Archiva release process
- Post to the dev list a few days before you plan to do an Archiva release
- Recreate the staging repository on archiva-repository.apache.org - make sure that it is not scanned (so that .index* is not created). You should delete the repository and create a new one. Your maven setting must contains the entry to be able to deploy.
<server> <id>archiva-repository.releases</id> <username></username> <password></password> </server>
- If there are changes in the parent pom, release parent pom – https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/archiva-parent.git
- mvn release:prepare (verify that it has been properly tagged)
- mvn release:perform (verify that it has been deployed correctly in the staging repo)
- Update the parent pom version of archiva – https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/archiva.git
- change the parent pom version to the archiva-parent version that has just been released
- commit the changes made
- Update the release notes and the site.xml for version changes in archiva-docs
- Verify that the webapp-tests are building successfully.
Since it is in a separate profile but inside the Archiva source tree, it will not be released but will still be included in the release tag. If some tests are failing, comment it out first so that only the passing tests are executed when the webapp-tests module are built from the tag.Currently, we do not use these tests anymore.
- Release archiva.
You should have a GPG agent running (preferred), and confirm it works by running "gpg -ab" (type some text and press Ctrl-D). You my check, if the key is in your keyring: `gpg --list-secret-keys` If you do not have a GPG agent running, make sure that you have the "apache-release" profile set in your settings.xml as shown below.<profile> <id>apache-release</id> <properties> <gpg.passphrase>[GPG_PASSWORD]</gpg.passphrase> </properties> </profile>
Set your user credentials for the stage repo in the servers section of your settings.xml for archiva-repository.releases.
Prepare your environment: We use JDK 8 for compile and publish, as JDK 7 is not supported anymore.
export JAVA_HOME=<PATH_TO_JDK8> export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH export MAVEN_OPTS="-Xmx6144m -XX:MaxPermSize=512m" # It may work with less heap, but this is a safe value export JAVA_OPT="-Xmx6144m -XX:MaxPermSize=512m"
Execute
mvn release:prepare
Check that it has been properly tagged. The tag name must be.. archiva-[VERSION].
You can rollback with `mvn release:rollback`. If there are errors and you have to change files, you should run `mvn release:rollback` before changing any file.
If all works fine, set execute the `release:perform` task
export JAVA_HOME=<PATH_TO_JDK8> export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
mvn release:perform
The perform task will push to the repository, if it was successful. After successfully running this task, it's not possible to roll back.
Download the uploaded files via wget:
ARCHV="2.2.4" # Enter the new archiva version RELEASE_URL="http://archiva-repository.apache.org/archiva/repository/archiva-releases-stage" wget ${RELEASE_URL}/org/apache/archiva/archiva-jetty/${ARCHV}/archiva-jetty-${ARCHV}-bin.tar.gz wget ${RELEASE_URL}/org/apache/archiva/archiva-jetty/${ARCHV}/archiva-jetty-${ARCHV}-bin.tar.gz.asc wget ${RELEASE_URL}/org/apache/archiva/archiva-jetty/${ARCHV}/archiva-jetty-${ARCHV}-bin.zip wget ${RELEASE_URL}/org/apache/archiva/archiva-jetty/${ARCHV}/archiva-jetty-${ARCHV}-bin.zip.asc # Verify the signatures: gpg -v archiva-jetty-${ARCHV}-bin.zip.asc gpg -v archiva-jetty-${ARCHV}-bin.tar.gz.asc
The documentation is deployed as part of the process to the final location for review in the vote:
git checkout archiva-${ARCHV} # Checkout the release version of archiva cd archiva-docs mvn site:site mvn site:stage # Check the content in target/staging mkdir <web-content-git>/docs/${ARCHV} cp -r target/staging/* <web-content-git>/docs/${ARCHV}/ # Copy to the git web content repository
Reference documentation
git checkout archiva-${ARCHV} # Checkout the release version of archiva cd archiva-modules mvn site:site mvn site:stage # Check the content in target/staging mkdir <web-content-git>/ref/${ARCHV} cp -r target/staging/* <web-content-git>/ref/${ARCHV}/ # Copy to the git web content repository
Archiva site information
Update the archiva site (https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf/archiva-site.git) for the versions and release notes URL:
Mostly these properties of the pom.xml should be edited:
<archivaReleaseVersion>2.2.6</archivaReleaseVersion> <archivaReleaseDate>16th May 2019</archivaReleaseDate> <archivaCurrentDevVersion>3.0.0-SNAPSHOT</archivaCurrentDevVersion>
Release information may be updated. Update Security information.
Run deploySite.sh. The script will prepare the site locally and provide information how to check the content before pushing to the remote repository.
cd archiva-site ./deploySite.sh # You can check the files locally, if you press y after the message is presented, it will be pushed to the asf-staging branch
The site can be checked at: https://archiva.staged.apache.org/ The downloads do not work on the staged site.
Commit the sources and binaries from
org/apache/archiva/archiva-jetty
andorg/apache/archiva/archiva
to the svn distribution tree. First in dev tree:https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/archiva/
svn co https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/archiva/ archiva-dev-release cd archiva-dev-release sh ./release-script-svn.sh $ARCHV ${RELEASE_URL}/ cd $ARCHV/bin ../../verify.sh cd ../src/ ../../verify.sh # Check the output # For parent pom or redback: POMV=18 # New Parent POM version sh ./release-script-parent-pom.sh $POMV ${RELEASE_URL}/ REDBV=2.6 # New redback version sh ./release-script-redback-svn.sh $REDBV ${RELEASE_URL}/
If the vote passes the binaries must be copied to release tree:
https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/release/archiva
Call for a vote in the dev list and wait for 72 hrs. for the vote results. 3 binding votes are necessary for the release to be finalized. If the vote fails or needs to be canceled, the version number should not be re-used if the version was made available for public download. After the vote has passed, move the files from dist dev to dist release:
svn mv https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/dev/archiva/${ARCHV} https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/release/archiva/ # Move also the POM and Redback and Redback Component releases, if there are new ones.
It needs some time until the download packages are available on the CDN.
Merge the archiva-releases-stage to archiva-releases on archiva-repository.apache.org (Action -> Merge on the stage repository)
To sync the jars to Maven Central, you need to merge the repository archiva-releases-stage to "Central Rsync Repository"
Mark the appropriate release version in JIRA as complete.
When the new download packages are available over the download page you can remove previous versions from https:d//dist.apache.org/repos/dist/release/archiva/
Publish the docs:
cd archiva-web-content git checkout master git pull git merge asf-staging git push
Send out an announcement (Simple Text Email, no Rich-Text) of the release to:
-<EMAIL_ADDRESS>-<EMAIL_ADDRESS>-<EMAIL_ADDRESS>If there are security incidents that should be published after release, please check the Apache information http://www.apache.org/security/committers.html for further actions.
And finally remove old versions from the distribution directory. All versions that are not mentioned in the download page should be removed:
svn del -m"Archiving release 2.2.x" https://dist.apache.org/repos/dist/release/archiva/2.2.x
See also: https://infra.apache.org/release-download-pages.html


They said what?! Pros (and not so pros) react to KSI’s split decision over Logan Paul
by Jordan BreenThe six-round boxing rematch two of Youtube’s top content creators, with over 40 million subscribers between them, was every bit the gong show that people anticipated. Filled with dramatics, controversy and some sheer insanity, it was still nonetheless one of the biggest fight events of the year – a true sign of the times. Of course, no one could overcome their morbid curiosity and naturally, they took to Twitter to discuss the circus.


Ohio Gubernatorial Race 2018
Richard Cordray
Mike Dewine
Travis Irvine
Constance Gadell-Newton
Who are my representitives?
(current)
Submit


Calvin: War is a manly art!
 Can I play in your game or not?
Calvin: I don't know; it seems you'd rather be making smart remarks.
 Can I play in your game or not?
Calvin: I don't know; it seems you'd rather be making smart remarks.
The Deadpan Snarker comes in many forms; it could be the non-action guy, the sidekick, the Weasel Mascot, and even the cat. This trope deals with snark coming from a little girl.
The humor here is that we don't usually think of an adorable little kid as being sarcastic, and this character type is both smart and perceptive, capable of pointing out exactly what other characters keep concealed — often their feelings for one another.
Expect her to be Wise Beyond Her Years and a Mouthy Kid. Compare The Snark Knight.
Examples:
open/close all folders
Anime & Manga
- Hoshino Ruri of Martian Successor Nadesico, whose Catch Phrase is "Baka bakka" ("I'm Surrounded by Idiots"). So much so that this trope used to be named after her.
- Mahou Sensei Negima!: Chisame takes this role when she's turned into a 10 year old thanks to some liberal use of age changing pills. Before her abuse of age pills, she didn't fit the body type requirement.
- Karin Kurosaki from Bleach, despite being older than Yuzu (but she's still way younger than Ichigo). She's the sanest person in the family aside from her brother, and her dad's antics really give her a lot to snark about.
- Akira from Lucky Star, once her Kawaiiko exterior cracks, though she quickly does away with the "Deadpan" part and starts with the shouting and physical abuse.
- Chiaki from Minami-ke is the youngest of the Minami sisters, but definitely the snarkiest.
- Miura from Yotsuba&! has hints of the trope, though she's more likely to use her insights to manipulate others, rather than just snark.
- The eternal child Vita of Lyrical Nanoha, who takes the role of the prickly officer to the new recruits after she joins the Space-Time Administration Bureau.
- Code Geass: C.C.'s a pretty good fit, not so much in the short or undeveloped part, but she does contrast child-like mannerisms (like playing with a stuffed animal) with being so snarky that Lelouch initially thinks of her as downright inhuman.
- Momoka from UFO Baby is a three-year-old little girl whose first scene in the series has her berating the heroine, Miyu, for aiding global warming by not recycling. From the back of a tricycle. Her snarkiness only increases as the series goes on.
- A Rare Male Example is Naota from FLCL. The light novel explicitly mentions that his body hasn't kept up with his mental maturity. In the anime, his pajamas don't even fit a 12-year-old girl. He overuses 'ore' to compensate.
- Saki in Corpse Princess. She has a habit of speaking aloud her contracted monk's inner thoughts.
- Loco in MÄR. Her aloof, gloomy attitude is sort of justified because she's actually much older than she appears, a curse induced by her choice weapon keeps her adult self looking like a very coldhearted 10-year-old.
- Felli Loss from Chrome Shelled Regios fits this rather well. She decides to call the main character "Fon-fon". When he objects, she runs through several variations of nicknames ("Lay-kun, Lay-chan, Lay-cchi, Senko no Lay...") before he finally just accepts Fon-fon.
- Ai Haibara from Detective Conan, mainly towards Conan. This is largely due to her harsh past and the fact that, like Conan, she's actually a teenager who was turned into a child.
- Saki Amano from Kanamemo, who, despite being in elementary school, knows when the employees at her office act out of line and isn't afraid to tell them so.
- Played with in The Twelve Kingdoms where the local Little Miss Snarker is Shushou, a child queen who is actually Really 700 Years Old, since she became sovereign and stopped aging when she was 12.
- Pan in Dragon Ball GT. It helps that Trunks is much more easily scared in this continuity, due to not having gone through the hardships Future Trunks did.
- Kana from Soul Eater Not! is a Fortune Teller who snarks with Tarot cards.
- When Shiori of Castle Town Dandelion is not the cute baby of the siblings, she tends to speak dryly over the general wackiness of her older siblings.
- Kotoko from Chobits, who just happens to be a super intelligent robot roughly the size of a small housecat.
- Ichigo Morino in Please Teacher!, who is the shortest girl in her class and could easily be mistaken for a grade schooler. For instance, her response to Kei accidentally seeing up her skirt:
Ichigo Morino: What a blatant way to peep. Please don't.
Comic Books
- Molly from Runaways is one of these when she's not intentionally acting more innocent and naive to lower people's defenses.
- Iris West, daughter of Wally West, takes after her father in several ways, but most noticeably has his snarkiness.
Comic Strips
- Mafalda is a prime example. Most of the comic strips run on her snarkiness about politics and ironies of the humanity.
- Right from her very first appearance, Lucy van Pelt in Peanuts may well be considered the queen of Little Misses Snarkers. Of course, sarcasm was far from the only thing that made her what she was.
Fan Works
- Toy Hammer's shrunk-down, Fun Size-ified Gender Flipped God Emperor of Mankind is a deadpan loli.
Michael: Can we all behave like adults here?
Emma: No, I'm still ten years old, remember?  She's also our narrator.
Ry: He's my new friend!
Raion: Being the same gender as someone doesn't make you friends. - Doctor Whooves The Series has several Mouthy Kid characters, and all of them fillies, but the mouthiest of all is filly Zecora in "Along Came a Spider". Scootaloo in "A Hearth's Warming Tale" also snarks a bit, but more defensively.
Filly Zecora: ...Do something worth respect and maybe I will start showing it.
- Once she gets her voice, Su in This Bites!, Conis's cloud-fox, proves to be this, in addition to having a particularly rough vocabulary. Much to Conis's chagrin.
- Resident Evil Abridged: At 18 years old, Rebecca is the youngest S.T.A.R.S. member and their only field medic. RE Abridged portrays her as being meek and soft-spoken, but she's got razor wit and an equally sharp tongue. Best seen during her interactions with Chris, which quickly leads to Snark-to-Snark Combat.
Chris: "But won't blowing the place to smithereens release the T-Virus into the air?"Chris: "That doesn't automatically make you an expert in toxicology!"
- In Sword Art Online Abridged, this is what makes Kirito and Asuna start to view Yui as more than a pawn in their dysfunctional relationship. They only adopt her in hopes of spooking the other into breaking off their marriage, but they're both deeply impressed when Yui schools Yulier on the proper use of irony by pointing out that her boyfriend/guild leader falling into an obvious trap is less "ironic" and more "completely expected," and then suggests that the true irony of the situation is that his name is Thinker, "yet he appears to be something of a dullard."

Yui: Statistically speaking, that says more about you than it does about him. - Lana becomes one in The Loud House fanfiction A Load Of Bulk as a result of drinking a strength potion that makes her mean as a side effect. She says things like "Get used to it, scrawny!" to Lynn, for instance.
Films — Animation
- Vanellope von Schweetz from Wreck-It Ralph. Among other things, she gets endless humor out of how the name Hero's Duty (the game where Ralph got his medal), sounds a lot like "Hero's Doodie."
Films — Live-Action
- Drew Barrymore's character in E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is Gertie, Elliott's mischievous five-years-old sister. She makes several snarky remarks throughout the film that nobody remarks upon.
- 10-year-old Devon from Lawn Dogs. Snark is by far the most wholesome of her methods for dealing with the artificial, stuck-up, pretentious world she inhabits.
- Dani from Hocus Pocus. To begin with, the eight-year-old little sister of Max, the protagonist, comments on Max's crush on Allison and lack of sex-life in general. After Max lights the black-flame candle and all manner of visuals and sound effects occur:
Max: What happened?
Dani: A virgin [adjusts her witch's hat] lit the candle.
- Ironically, Shirley Temple becomes a bit of a Little Miss Snarker in the film Little Miss Marker, after hanging around the gangsters who've unofficially taken her in, after she was left with them by her suicidal father.
- Penny Pingleton in the movie musical Hairspray develops tendencies toward this as part of her Character Development. Notably in this exchange with her black boyfriend's mother:
Motormouth Maybelle: Oh, so this is love? Well, love is a gift, not a lot of people remember that.
 - The Meg: Suyin's daughter Meiying provides a few moments of levity with her constant wisecracks. For instance, when first meeting Taylor, she starts off by calling him "crazy guy", and when asked where her Disappeared Dad is, she replies that he's "in Taipei with a pilates instructor".
Literature
- Jenny Wren in Dickens' Our Mutual Friend. She has a good reason for being so jaded, since her father's irresponsibility and severe alcoholism leave her, at the age of about thirteen, to be the responsible adult of the household.
- Ivy aka The Archive from The Dresden Files makes an attempt to snark on behalf of the incapacitated protagonist. He notes that she's not very good at it yet, but he gets choked up nonetheless.
- While her childish curiosity or perceived psychological instability are the character traits usually played up in adaptations, Alice could be surprisingly sarcastic and was never one to suffer fools gladly.
- Rachel from the Sword of Truth series. Has no problem calling out Chase when he complains about the poultice he's forced to apply by telling him that if he'd just listened to her in the first place, he probably wouldn't have been hurt by the Eldritch Abomination he was surprised by and he wouldn't have to take the burning medicine.
- Pippi Longstocking combines snarkiness with being a Genki Girl and Cloudcuckoolander. Her snarky moments are most frequent in the original books, but she has her moments in most of the adaptations as well.
- The littlest Whistlers don't show this, but twelve-year-old Blush has a very sardonic remark about seventeen-year-old Corelle in A Brother's Price.
- In Dragon Bones, Ciarra manages to come a across as this despite being mute. When asked about her brother by another woman, she rolls her eyes in a way that the other woman interprets as snarky remark about him - correctly, according to Ward, who is the one they're "talking" about.
- Skeeter Traps from Chronicles of Magic is a ten year-old girl whose sarcasm is rivaled only by her love of violence.
- Ishmael's younger sister Prudence in Don't Call Me Ishmael!. She is very intelligent ("nearly a genius") and often comments on the main characters' crazy antics, particularly Razza's. After Razza spectacularly botches a debate out of spite she sweetly comments that it was hard to tell which side he was arguing for.
 In 1901!
Live-Action TV
- Game of Thrones:
- Arya Stark often has witty and snarky one-liners.
- Lyanna Mormont the head of House Mormont at only ten years old and full of sass. For example, when Sansa and Jon implore her to join the Stark cause to overthrow the Boltons, she quips "Lady Sansa is a Bolton...or is she a Lannister?", referring to Sansa's numerous marriages.
- Modern Family: In episode "Fulgencio", Cameron and Mitchell wonder if Lilly is becoming sarcastic as a result of overhearing their snide remarks to each other. At the end it turns out she's picking it up from Claire, who drives her to dance classes.
- The little girl on Friends (played by Dakota Fanning) that lived in the house that Monica & Chandler were going to buy. She has an attitude about her parents moving out, and she snarks at thirty-something Joey who is more child-like and way less mature than her.
- Stargate Atlantis episode "Harmony", the heroine fulfills this trope because she is a Royal Brat.
- Doctor Who: Young Amelia Pond has her moments, both when she meets the Doctor as a child, and when we see flashbacks of her and Rory and Mels growing up.
- Full House:
- Stephanie Tanner is the snarkiest one in the family. She and Kimmy are frequently making off-handed jabs toward one another throughout most of the series.
- Baby Michelle and her sassy one-liners, especially when she grew up in later seasons.
- Megan on Drake & Josh is as snarky as she is evil.
- Boy Meets World: Cory's little sister Morgan was just The Cutie in season 1, when played by Lily Nicksay. But when she returns in season 3, played by Lindsay Ridgeway, she becomes a sarcastic character who often makes fun of her brothers, especially Cory.
- Zuri Ross from Jessie. She's known for her sassy and sometimes sarcastic comments, made especially funny by the fact that she's only a 7-year-old girl.
Mrs. Chesterfield: [upon seeing Mr. Kipling] You people have a vicious, cold-blooded reptile living in this building?
Zuri: Why not? You live here.
Jessie: Zuri, that's not nice.
Zuri: Hey, we were all thinking it.
- On The Addams Family, Wednesday Addams, usually in Black Comedy way, although adaptations tend to vary as to how snarky and how dark her humor is.
- mixedish: Santamonica fits this entirely.
 Her "brother" Charlie Horse is a male example.
Radio
Theatre
- Little Mary in The Women has a fine time mocking the deceitful social conventions ladies like her mother are bound by.
- Little Red in Into the Woods, although whether she's a little girl or a teenager depends on the production.
Little Red: Ahahaha, you can talk to birds?!
Video Games
- Etna from Disgaea. Despite being Really 700 Years Old, she appears and acts much younger than she is, as with most demons and angels. In her case, she has the look and personality of a fourteen-year old, and a lot of snarkiness to match, helped by the fact that her upbringing has made her Wise Beyond Her Years.
- Shiori Momono in 11eyes, a returnee from Italy who spends most of her time reading. The other part of her time is spent berating Tadashi. Everyone berates Tadashi, but she does it in a manner that hits him where it hurts.
- The Tales Series is rather fond of this trope in several of its entries:
- Anise from Tales of the Abyss. She's usually money grubby yet upbeat, but when she feels a need to be a snarker (prime examples appear in the direction of Luke just after the Wham Episode ), she does it in spades, being cruel every step of the way.
- Presea fills this role in Tales of Symphonia as well, when the situation requires it. Initially, she is just an Emotionless Girl , but after she gets better, she has a very distinct habit of dropping into a completely emotionless tone just to snark at whatever situation is calling for it.
- Tales of Zestiria brings us Edna, the Earth Seraph (spirits, basically) who, while being Really 700 Years Old , is by appearance alone the youngest member of the party... yet she's capable of guilt tripping Sorey within mere scenes of joining, briefly throws Alisha into an infinite loop, and other such things that give even the series king of snark Jade Curtiss a run for his money in snarky prowess.
- The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker: Tetra, how sensible of you to put Link down for being a Knight Templar Big Brother with Chronic Hero Syndrome on every given opportunity. Probably also the only Princess Zelda to ever point out to Ganondorf that an Evil Laugh doesn't exactly make you seem sane.
- The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess Midna; though she isn't technically a little girl (she actually seems to be a young woman, or late teenager at the very least), she appears as a small and adorable imp for the majority of the game. She is snarky towards pretty much everything and everyone, though she mellows out as the game goes, due to taking a level in kindness.
- Kersti from Paper Mario: Sticker Star is like this, as is Starlow from Mario & Luigi: Bowser's Inside Story, especially when she returns in Mario & Luigi: Dream Team. Neither character's ages are known, but they look young, and are diminuitive.  Starlow in particular is snarky towards Luigi in Dream Team, though she mellows out slightly as the game goes.
- Shantotto is this in Dissidia Final Fantasy. Technically she isn't a little girl, she's 35, but as a Tarutaru she's diminutive. And almost all of her battle quotes are insults, specially her greetings to the other characters:
Shantotto: [to Exdeath] Inside your head is the Void!

Shantotto: [to Kuja] Narcissists are so last Windsday!
- Viridi from Kid Icarus: Uprising. Sure, she's Really 700 Years Old due to being a goddess, but she has the mind and body of a little girl, and tons of quips at the ready.
- The Mists of Pandaria expansion to World of Warcraft brings us Li Li, the young and very snarky companion to Chen Stormstout.
- Nah from Fire Emblem Awakening.  Especially prominent in her supports with Cynthia:
Cynthia: So are you ready to transform for me yet or what?
Nah: Let me check... Nope. Still not going to do it.
Visual Novels
- Rika from Higurashi: When They Cry fits the trope since she's actually centuries old if you count the years she was stuck in the time loop. She also fits into the Oracular Urchin category.
Web Animation
- DSBT InsaniT: Duck is a male example. He is by far the most sarcastic of the four "kids". For example:
Duck: Snake, why couldn't you have gotten a hamster or a goldfish or something that CAN'T talk from that pet store instead of HIM? [Perry]
- Ripley from Chadam may be a cute little 8-year old, but she can also be rather sarcastic, especially when around Chadam.
Chadam: [using a paper-bag puppet] Hey, Manda, puppet mom called and said you can't hang out with babies anymore.
Ripley: [speaking as her puppet, Amanda] Well, then I can't hang out with you!
Web Comics
- Homestuck has Rose Lalonde, whose every word is dripping with sarcasm, despite being just 13 years old. Her trollish counterpart, Kanaya Maryam, who is the same age, also becomes a massive snarker after getting to know her... despite being Sarcasm-Blind initially.
- Tycho's little niece Anne from Penny Arcade is a snarker.
Galahad: You're breaking up with me?
Anne: I just have a lot going on right now. With school, and, you know, zombies.
- Indx from L's Empire snarks a lot. Enough that her brother sent her a message from the future, telling her to cut down on it. It's probably a side effect of spending 1500 years in solitary.
Western Animation
- Western Animation/101DalmatiansTheSeries: Ivy De Vil.
- Animaniacs: Dot Warner is both a Deliberately Cute Child and almost as snarky as her big brother Yakko. The fact that she's really 65 years old enhances her wit.
- Atomic Puppet gives us Joey's sassy, clever best friend Pauline.
AP: Let us handle this!(Joey and AP move off-screen and are almost immediately blasted back in by their enemy)Pauline: Way to 'handle it', Puppet.
- Avatar: The Last Airbender: Sokka was originally the team's resident Deadpan Snarker, but twelve-year-old Toph took over as soon as she was introduced, snarking away in almost every episode. The fact that her friends keep forgetting she's blind helps a bunch. Fourteen-year-old Katara also has her moments, thanks to her brother's antics.
- Ben 10: Gwen Tennyson in the original series snarks about all the failures and hangups of her cousin Ben, and also doesn't spare her grandfather. Especially since the latter's cooking skills are a welcome target.
- Louise Belcher from Bob's Burgers is the youngest of the Belcher children, but also The Gadfly and prone to sarcasm and wise-cracks.
Peter: Your dad rules!
Louise: Hey! I don't appreciate your lack of sarcasm.
- Darkwing Duck: Gosalyn.
- Doug: Beebe Bluff is an 11/12-year-old snarker of the Rich Bitch variety.
- The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy: Mandy.
Mandy: Power tools in the dark? Darwin should be paying you two goons royalties.
- Hey Arnold!: Helga, a nine-year-old girl with the dry wit of someone thrice her age.
- Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi: Yumi, a teenage girl who isn't above snarking about everything.
- Invader Zim: Gaz, Dib's cynical, humorlessly sarcastic younger sister.
- Jackie Chan Adventures: There are a lot of Deadpan Snarkers, with one of the most frequent perpetrators being Jade Chan, the Street Smart preteen master user of loopholes.
Jade: [after Jackie accidentally causes their transport (a giant glider plane) to fly away] See? This is why we can't buy you anything nice.
- The Legend of Korra: Jinora has shown shades of this trope. Case in point: Tenzin demands that his children promise that they won't be as rebellious or annoying as Korra when they become teens. Jinora calmly looks over her book, point-blank says "I will make no such promises," and then goes back to reading.
- Jimmy Two-Shoes: Heloise most certainly qualifies.
Jimmy: Woah!
Heloise: A quick read, at best.
- My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic: Scootaloo. This is purely out of cynicism rather than Only Sane Man status, though; of the Cutie Mark Crusaders, she's easily the least level-headed.
- The Powerpuff Girls: Buttercup has some funny snarky oneliners and sass along with it. For a kindergartner she's pretty snarky.
- Recess: Spinelli is the snarkiest out of the group, and she's a nine year old girl.
- Rugrats: Kimi Finster would eventually become Snarker in All Grown Up!, contradictory to her lovable self in the original series (with the exception of the newspaper comic strips), more less towards her brother, Chuckie Finster (and sometimes the other "Rats") on separate occasions.
- Daphne Blake was quite a bit more sarcastic and deadpan when she was younger.
- The Simpsons: Lisa Simpson. Her snark is her defence mechanism amidst her dysfunctional family.
- Gwen Stacy on Marvel's Spider-Man is no-nonsense yet awkward when she's less composed. She even snarked at the Hulk in the Halloween episode.
- Mindy from Ready Jet Go! is four (later five) years old and delivers snarky one-liners on the regular. Example:
Sean: Do you know why that happened?
Mindy: Because you can't catch?
Real Life
- Wendy's twitter page is full of hilarious roasts, and can come across as this, given their mascot/logo.


Assertively productize efficient partnerships through customer directed supply chains. Continually maintain process-centric catalysts for change via backward compatible value.
KNOW MOREAssertively productize efficient partnerships through customer directed supply chains. Continually maintain process-centric catalysts More
Assertively productize efficient partnerships through customer directed supply chains... More
Assertively productize efficient partnerships through customer directed supply chains... More
Assertively productize efficient partnerships through customer directed supply chains. Continually maintain process-centric catalysts More
Assertively productize efficient partnerships through customer directed supply chains... More
Assertively productize efficient partnerships through customer directed supply chains... More
Assertively productize efficient partnerships through customer directed supply chains. Continually maintain process-centric catalysts More
Assertively productize efficient partnerships through customer directed supply chains... More
Assertively productize efficient partnerships through customer directed supply chains... More
KIPIC was launched on May 1st 2017 and is responsible for operating and managing refining, liquefied natural gas, and petrochemicals activities of Al-Zour complex. This consists of the following three facilities, currently under construction and anticipated to be operational progressively from 2019 to 2024.
KIPIC was launched on May 1st 2017 and is responsible for operating and managing refining, liquefied natural gas, and petrochemicals activities of Al-Zour complex. This consists of the following three facilities, currently


Algorithms Visualization
Small project of mine to visualize sorting algorithms.
New array
BubbleSort
SelectionSort
InsertionSort
QuickSort
Clear


--- layout: post title: Visit Carlsberg, Copenhagen date: '2014-05-18T20:56:28+02:00' tags: [] tumblr_url: http://deepredsky.tumblr.com/post/86112070769/visit-carlsberg-copenhagen ---
The biggest collection of beers from across the globe. Cheers!