When a particle or a body enter rotational motion, equivalents can be drawn from linear motion.
However, there are some key differences that must
be addressed. For instance, as shown in the first simulation, when the distance from the axis of rotation of a point mass increases while its mass
and kinetic energy remain constant, the tangential velocity of the mass decreases. This implies that for a rigid body or a system of particles rotating
about an axis, all particles have a different tangential velocity, dependent on the radius of its circular path. Therefore, a quantity that relates to the
speed of rotation and is independent of this distance is required, which is known as the angular velocity or frequency, and measured in radians per
second. It is defined in eq.(1), where 'r' is the radius of the circular path and 'T' is the time taken for one complete path (one oscillation).
Torque, or moment of force, is commonly referred to as the rotational analogue of force, being responsible for any angular acceleration. It also shows a
dependency on the distance from the axis of rotation, as displayed in eq.(2) as the cross product of the position and force vectors. Therefore, there is a
quantity that can be treated as the rotational equivalent of mass, representing a body's tendency to resist angular acceleration. This quantity is defined
as the moment of inertia, shown in eq.(3) for a point mass.
$$(1) \omega={v_t \over r} = {2\pi \over T} $$
$$(2) {\vec \tau}= {\vec r} \times {\overrightarrow F}$$
$$(3) I=md^2 $$
The moment of Inertia is sometimes referred to as the 'rotational equivalent' of mass for linear motion.
It is the sum of the mass of each particle in the body with the square of the distance from the axis of rotation,
As previously mentioned and shown in eq.(3). While mass is also an important component in resisting rotational
motion, just as in linear motion, it also shows a large dependencer on the displacement of each point mass from the
axis of rotation. This can be visually seen through the visualization. When the mass(kg) of one point mass is equal
the distance(m) of the other and vice versa, the heavier one closer to the axis of rotation will have a greater angular
velocity. Furthermore, other rotational quantities also have linear equivalents, as shown in the table to the right.
To quantify the dependence of both mass and distance from the axis of rotation together, the moment
of inertia was defined. For a rigid body (where defomation is negligible) rotating about its center of mass,
the moment of inertia can be found through the sum of the moments of inertia of its infinitely many constituent
point masses. In mathematical terms, this relationship can be represented by the following equation:
$$I_{tot}=\int{r^2.dm} $$
For theory regarding the parallel axis theorem, click on the 'Page 2' button.
| Rotational Motion | Linear Motion |
|---|---|
| $$L=I \omega$$ | $$p=mv$$ |
| $$KE_{rot} =\frac{1}{2}I{{\omega}^2}$$ | $$KE_{trans} =\frac{1}{2}mv^2$$ |
| $$\tau=I\alpha$$ | $$F=ma$$ |


Dynap-se Spike Generator¶
API¶
- dynapseSpikesGenerator module
- InputPattern class
- InputEvent class
Table of content¶
Description¶
DYNAP-se control software cAER contains an useful module called FPGASpikeGenerator. This module allows the user to send customized (in address and interspike interval) spike patterns in specific location inside DYNAP-se.
A very simple way to understand the behavior of the Spike Generator is thinking about it as a VIRTUAL external chip outside DYNAP-se. His main advanatage, with respect to the physical ones, is the flexibility. Events can be completely customized: you can select which neurons will spike and the interspike interval between spikes.
Virtual chip can be “connected” to the physical ones and stimulated whenever you want, making simpler the creation of customize tests for neural structure in DYNAP-se.
His main drawback is, for now, the connectivity limitation. Unfortunately only one physical chip can be connected, at the same time, to the virtual one, although this is enough to run complex test patterns. For instance, making a connection between one neuron in the virtual chip and Chip 0, will make impossible any other connection with the other 3 Chips.
To specify event in the library, we have to provide two info:
- event address: the virtual neurons that has to spike
- core destination: to which of the cores in the destination chip we want to send spikes. It goes from 0000 (0) -> no core, to 1111 (15) -> all 4 cores. Is recommended to use this last one, to be sure all core are stimulated
- time : it’s the delay from the previous spike (no matter which neuron)
Customized spiking patterns must be specified preparing a .txt file, containing two parameters:
- Source Neuron Address : number resulting by the combination of parameters
Neuron Address
,Virtual source chip
andCore Dest
. The first two are represent can be seen as neuron address and neuron core (yes, core, not chip) of the virtual chip. The third one, instead, is used for event routing. It specify, in fact, on which cores of the destination chip the spike will be trasmitted. For more informations visit DYNAP-se user guide - Interspike Interval : number that represent the time between the current event and the previous one specified in the file, expressed in ISI base multiple (the first event delay can be considered as an initial delay). For more information visit DYNAP-se user guide
In the following image isummarized the main characteristics of the Spike Generator. As said before, can be considered as a virtual chip (U4) made with Virtual Neurons. The txt file specify the characteristics of the generated events: address of the source neuron, interspike interval and core destinations. Note that in this case U2 has been chosen as destination chip.
An example of .txt file is the following one:
ISIBase = 90 corresponding to 1 us time step
79, 20000
79, 20000
79, 20000
79, 20000
79, 10000
79, 10000
142, 20000
142, 20000
In this example address 79 is:
Neuron Address
1Virtual source chip
0Core dest
15 (hot-encoded 1111, meaning to all cores)
While address 143 is:
Neuron Address
2Virtual source chip
0Core dest
14 (hot-encoded 1110, meaning to cores 1, 2 and 3)
This file will generate 4 events with 20 ms of interspike interval (corresponding to 50Hz)
on Neuron 1
, then 2 events with 10 ms delay between them, finally 2 events on
Neuron 2
with 20 ms delay
It is evident that generating this file manually is not easy. Here is where class SpikesGenerator come to help. Inside there are functions that permit the user to create in many ways desired event patterns.
Functionalities¶
- Create events from lists containing informations about the neurons and absolute times
- Create constant frequency events as well as linear frequency modulation
- Encode a certain signal in spikes with threshold encoding methodology: every time the signal step up or step down of an amount bigger than a threshold, a spike is generated. Maximum and minimum firing frequency depend on threshold amplitude
- Plot generated spike pattern. If they come from an encoded signal, it can be plotted too
- Write output .txt file containing coded events
- Possibility to import events from a .txt file, plot them and add new patters
- Possibility to stack as many patterns as needed just calling the apposite functions
Tutorial¶
This tutorial explain a reasonable way of using Dynap-se spikes generator to create input patterns for Dynap-se board.
The main key of DynapseSpikesGenerator module stays on the InputPattern class. With this class you can create, using different functions, a custom pattern of spikes. Every InputPattern, moreover, can be used as a building block to build the final pattern that will be uploaded into Dynap-se. It is like using LEGO blocks.
The general flow for creating a global pattern is:
define an InputPattern object, specifying the name and isiBase. the isiBase parameter is related to the time resolution of the spikes sent to Dynap-se and the maximum delay that can be obtained. It goes from 0 to 1000 and the usual values are: —–> 90 (1 us resolution, 65 ms maximum delay) —–> 900 (10 us resolution, 650 ms maximum delay)
With a isiBase of 900 (resolution of 10us), for example, a spike with a delay of 13 us will be sent instead after 10 us, while a 17 us delay becomes 20 us (rounding is applyed)
define for that InputPattern which type of pattern you want to create: single event, multiples, constant frequency, linear modulation, encoding of a signal, ecc. look at InputPattern documentation for more informations.
create as many InputPattern you want and then combine them together to obtain the final pattern
In this tutorial we will create a pattern that will involve all the types of pattern that can be created with the library.
Import libraries¶
As said in the Repository README, is recommended to setup your python environment such to have the working directory in the same parent folder as the one of the library. As alternative, you can add the library directory to the python path.
To import the module:
import DYNAPSETools.dynapseSpikesGenerator as DSG
We will need also numpy and matplot lib for our elaborations:
import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
Initialization¶
Before starting creating the network, i suggest to write all preliminary code, like:
plt.close("all") # Close all the plots that has been created # in the previous run isiBase = 900 # Setting isiBase for all patterns
In this case we have set isiBase to 900. This means that our patterns should have a resolution of 10us and a maximum delay of 655ms. We cannot ask the library to create, for example, events with a delay of 5us (it will be set as 0). At the same time we cannot ask for an interspike delay of 1s.
Create InputPatterns¶
In this first part we create all the patterns that then we will use for our final one.
We start with a single event:
# Create pattern Pattern1 = DSG.InputPattern(name = "Pattern1", isiBase = isiBase) # Choose virtual neuron address C, N = 0, 1 # Define pattern Pattern1.single_event(virtualSourceCoreId = C, neuronAddress = N, coreDest = 15, firePeriod = 0.5)
With this first pattern we make virtual neuron 1 of core 0 spike after a delay of 0.5s (firePeriod = 0.5). All neurons in the physical core connected to this virtual neuron will react to this event.
Then we create a pattern of events with custom interspike intervals:
# Create pattern Pattern2 = DSG.InputPattern(name = "Pattern2", isiBase = isiBase) firePeriod = [0.2, 0.4, 0.1, 0.5] # Choose virtual neuron address and parameters firePeriod = [0.2, 0.4, 0.1, 0.5] C = [1, 1, 1, 1] N = [1, 1, 1, 1] coreDest = [15, 15, 15, 15] # Define pattern Pattern2.multiple_events(virtualSourceCoreId = C, neuronAddress = N, coreDest = coreDest, absTimes=None, fireFreq=None, firePeriod = firePeriod)
In this example virtual neuron 1 of core 1 spikes 4 times with interspike delays chosen in firePeriod list (first spike after 0.2s, second one after 0.3 from first one, etc.). As can be observed, at every spike time must correspond a neuron address (C, N) and a destination core value.
An alternative way to define this pattern would be using absTimes or fireFreq parameters instead than firePeriod one:
# Equivalent with absTimes absTimes = [0.2, 0.6, 0.7, 1.2] C = [1, 1, 1, 1] N = [1, 1, 1, 1] coreDest = [15, 15, 15, 15] Pattern2.multiple_events(virtualSourceCoreId = C, neuronAddress = N, coreDest = coreDest, absTimes = absTimes, fireFreq=None, firePeriod = None) # Equivalent with fireFreq fireFreq = [5, 2.5, 10, 2] C = [1, 1, 1, 1] N = [1, 1, 1, 1] coreDest = [15, 15, 15, 15] Pattern2.multiple_events(virtualSourceCoreId = C, neuronAddress = N, coreDest = coreDest, absTimes = None, fireFreq = fireFreq, firePeriod = None)
We create then a pattern with spikes at a constant frequency, lasting 1 second
# Create pattern Pattern3 = DSG.InputPattern(name = "Pattern3", isiBase = isiBase) # Choose virtual neuron address C, N = 0, 1 # Define pattern Pattern3.constant_freq(virtualSourceCoreId = C, neuronAddress = N, coreDest = 15, fireFreq = 50, initDelay = 0.5, duration = 0.5)
In this case again neuron 1 of core 0 (the same one as the first pattern) spikes at 50Hz for 0.5s. The first spike that will be created will have 0.5s initial delay.
Lastly we create a conversion in spikes of a sinusoidal signal using the threshold algorithm.
# Create pattern Pattern4 = DSG.InputPattern(name = "Pattern4", isiBase = isiBase) # Define sinusoidal signal with 1000 samples freq = 1 t = np.linspace(0, 1, 1000) y = np.sin(2*np.pi*freq*t) # Choose virtual neuron addresses C, NUp, NDw = 2, 5, 6 # Define pattern Pattern4.constant_freq(virtualSourceCoreId = C, neuronAddressUpCH = NUp, neuronAddressDwCH = NDw, coreDest = 15, threshold = 0.05, t = t, y = y, noiseVar = 0, initDelay = 0.5)
In this case virtual neurons 5 and 6 of core 2 encode a 1 period 1Hz sinusoidal signal, defined with 1000 time samples. Increasing the time resolution would for sure increase the time delay accuracy of the converted spikes, but there is a limit at that. Remember always that the isiBase put a limit to the delay precision that can be achieved. With an isiBase of 900, meaning a resolution of 10us, asking for an interspike delay of 21us is the same as asking for a spike delay of 20us.
Combining input patterns¶
Now that we have create all the patterns we need, we can combine them to create our definitive pattern. What we need to do is to create a list (or a tuple) of patterns, stacking them in such a way to compose the wanted pattern. For example:
finalPattern = (Pattern1, Pattern3, Pattern2, Pattern1) DSG.plot_spikes(*finalPattern)
Note: The * before finalPattern is used to unpack the tuple for the function.
In fact, the same result could be obtained in the following way:
DSG.plot_spikes(Pattern1, Pattern3, Pattern2, Pattern1)
This configuration will create the following pattern:
The following configuration, instead:
finalPattern = (Pattern1, Pattern2, Pattern3, Pattern4) DSG.plot_spikes(*finalPattern)
will result in this way:
So, combining different basic patterns is possible to create infinite number of combinations, or even create repetitive patterns for a certain time.
Writing final pattern to txt file¶
Once tuned the final pattern to match our needings, we need only to create the output .txt file with all the encoded spikes. Doing this operation is really trivial:
DSG.write_to_file(*finalPattern, fileName = "myPattern.txt)
The output .txt file will be created in the python working folder.


The Algorithm, used here, is derived from the Mellis method. Areas of different counting densities have different colours. The intervals of steps between the contour lines can be done either in multiples of even distribution with a logarithmic contour intervals or they can be user defined contour intervals.


Armello Match Replay Tool
Using this webapp is easy! Create a replay of your match in just three steps:
1. Click the rectangle above to browse or drop an Armello log file there. You can find those files in your user profile folder.
2. Let the app scan the log file you provided for the matches you've played. Matches ended with game crashing and ongoing matches will not be shown.
3. Pick a match to be loaded. Once it's done, the app will show a greatly simplified game board and players data. On the left you will see match timeline. Click on an event to jump to that point of the timeline.
All log files are processed locally, on your device. No privacy leaks, no traffic costs.
Once the app loads a match, you can save the resulting page to your device - it will keep the data when you re-open it, and will work offline. Feel free to store, share and publish your replays!


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pypospack.io package¶
Submodules¶
pypospack.io.aflowlib module¶
pypospack.io.ase module¶
-
pypospack.io.ase.
make_structure
(symbol, structure, a, is_cubic=True, is_orthorhombic=False)[source]¶ creates an atomic structure :param symbol: the ISO chemical symbol for atom type :type symbol: str :param structure: structure type :type structure: str :param a: lattice parameter for the material :type a: float :param is_cubic: true :type is_cubic: bool :param is_orthorhombic: false :type is_orthorhombic: bool
- Returns
ase.atom.Atoms
-
pypospack.io.ase.
transform_cartesian_to_direct
(v, lattice)[source]¶ transformation of cartesian coordinates to direct coordinates
If the lattice is an H vector, with the rows being the lattice vectors, the if r is a column vector of the director coordinates of H, and x is the Cartesian coordinates, then x = H.T r.
- Parameters
v (list) – a list of floats representing the coordinates in the cartesian basis.
lattice (list) – a list of lists representing the lattice in H-matrix form
- Returns
a list of float representing the coordinates in the lattice vector.
- Return type
list
-
pypospack.io.ase.
transform_direct_to_cartesian
(v, lattice)[source]¶ transformation of cartesian coordinates to direct coordinates
- Parameters
v (list) – a list of floats representing the coordinates in the cartesian basis.
lattice (list) – a list of lists representing the lattice in H-matrix form
- Returns
a list of float representing the coordinates in the lattice vector.
- Return type
list
-
pypospack.io.ase.
write_ase_structure_as_poscar
(ase_cell, fname_out='POSCAR')[source]¶ write the ase structure
The standard version that ase uses for the POSCAR file is inadequate for our needs.
- Parameters
ase_cell (ase.atom.Atoms) – the simulation cell
fname_out (str) – file name to be written to (default: ‘POSCAR’)
- Returns
a string of the POSCAR file which was written
- Return type
str
- Raises
FileExceptionError – if the filename already exists.
pypospack.io.eamtools module¶
-
class
pypospack.io.eamtools.
EamSetflFile
[source]¶ Bases:
object
This class wites a setfl file.
There are three components to the EAM model: the embedding energy, the electron density, and interatomic pair potential. LAMMPS uses a very old format for reading/writing EAM files.
The potential functions are stored as they would be generated from their functional forms, in units eV. However, they are written to be compliant with the setfl format which requires the element to be stored as V(r)*r.
Both the electron density function and the potential energy has a physical requirement that V(r_cut) = 0 and rho(r_cut) = 0. The application of a cutoff function not implemented by this class, and it is responsibility of the code using this class to ensure this.
All units of measurement are in metal units. Distance being Angstroms, and energy being eV.
- Parameters
None –
-
comments
¶ The setfl file format has a three line comment section at the beginning of the file.
- Type
list of str
-
filename
¶ This is the filename to either read/write too.
- Type
str
-
symbols
¶ This is a list of symbols modelled by the Embedded Atom Model.
- Type
list of str
-
n_symbols
¶ This is the number of elements for the setfl file.
- Type
int
-
N_r
¶ The number of points sampled for the distance from the nuclei in the electron density function, or the distance between two atoms in pair potentials.
- Type
int
-
N_rho
¶ The number of points where the electron density is sampled.
- Type
int
-
d_r
¶ Distance between the point where the potential functions and the electron density function are evaluated.
- Type
float
-
d_rho
¶ Distance between the points where the delectron density is sampled.
- Type
float
-
r
¶ This is a :numpy.ndarray: array of possible evaluations from d_r to r_max with N_r intervals. It does not include r = 0.
- Type
numpy.ndarray
-
rho
¶ This is an :numpy.ndarray: array of possible evaluations from d_rho to rho_max with N_rho interals. It does not include rho = 0.
- Type
numpy.ndarray
-
func_embedding
¶ This is a dictionary containing the embedding function. The embedding function is indexed by elements in the symbols attribute. The embedding function is stored as an :numpy.ndarray: of length N_r. This attribute is initialized as None.
- Type
OrderedDict
-
func_density
¶ This is a dictionary containing the electron density function indexed by elements in the symbols attribute. The density function is stored as an :numpy.ndarray: of length N_r. This attribute is initialized as None.
- Type
OrderedDict
-
func_pair_potential
¶ They has the format ‘sym_i.sym_j’ which are generated from unique combinations from the symbols attribute. The pairs are selected as s_i, s_j in S, where i <= j. This attribute is initialized as none.
- Type
OrderedDict
- Ref:
https://sites.google.com/a/ncsu.edu/cjobrien/tutorials-and-guides/eam http://www.ctcms.nist.gov/potentials/ http://lammps.sandia.gov/doc/pair_eam.html
-
N_r
-
N_rho
-
comments
-
get_str_setfl_header_section__nargs_line
(N_rho=None, d_rho=None, N_r=None, d_r=None, r_cut=None)[source]¶
-
n_symbols
number of elements which this file describes
- Type
(int)
-
process_setfl_comments
()[source]¶ The header section of the setfl files containes three lines which can have arbitrary text in it.
- Parameters
None –
- Returns
(list of str)
-
process_setfl_header_section
()[source]¶ Process the header section of the setfl file.
The header section consists of two sections
-
process_setfl_pairpotential_section
()[source]¶ The SETFL convention for storing V(r) is as r*V(r). This was probably important during the time when computational cycles were expensive. However, we divide this storage value by r to get the potential in eV.
-
symbols
-
write
(filename, symbols, r, rcut, rho, pair, embedding, density)[source]¶ write a setfl file
- Parameters
filename (str) –
symbols (list) –
r (np.ndarray) –
rcut (numpy.ndarray) –
rho (numpy.ndarray) –
pair (collections.OrderedDict) –
embedding (collections.OrderedDict) –
density (collections.OrderedDict) –
pypospack.io.filesystem module¶
-
class
pypospack.io.filesystem.
OrderedDictYAMLLoader
(*args, **kwargs)[source]¶ Bases:
yaml.loader.Loader
A YAML loader that loads mappings into ordered dictionaries.
Use: >>> import yaml >>> from pypospack.io.filesystem import OrderedDictYAMLLoader >>> with open(filename,’r’) as f: >>> data = yaml.load(f,OrderedDictYAMLLoader)
- Source:
Original code for the YAML loader. Eric Naeseth. https://gist.github.com/enaeseth/844388
pypospack.io.gulp module¶
pypospack.io.phonts module¶
pypospack.io.phonts
This module provides input and output routines and classes for managing simulations for Phonon Transport Simulation (PhonTS), written by A. Chernatiynskiy and S.R. Phillpot. PhonTS is a lattice dynamics code that calculates thermal conductivity via the solution of the Boltzmann Transport Equation (BTE) for phonons.
This module’s purpose is to automate the work required to interface PhonTS to other codes such as LAMMPS for additional potentials, and first principals electronic structure calculations (VASP). While an interface is defined for Quantum Expresso QE) for PhonTS, this interface is not implemented with pypospack.io.phonts.
For a more a more in-depth understand of the PhonTS refer to the foundation papers:
A. Chernatiynskiy and S.R. Phillpot, PRB 82, 134301 (2010) A. Chernatiynskiy and S.R. Phillpot, Comp. Phys. Comm. (2015)
This module does not implement all the functionality which is available in PhonTS.
Requirements¶
The use of this module requires setting the enviornment variable the .bash_profile or similar script on your system
export PHONTS_BIN=~/bin/PhonTS
Job Schedulers¶
Due to the wide variety and implementations of the cluster job schedulers, it is not possible to write all the possibilities of the job scheduler. The general strategy for dealing with job submissions is to create a
pypospack.io.slurm pypospack.io.rocks pypospack.io.pbs
-
class
pypospack.io.phonts.
PhononLifetimeFile
(natoms, filename='phon_lifetime.dat')[source]¶ Bases:
object
-
class
pypospack.io.phonts.
PhontsBteData
(directory, natoms)[source]¶ Bases:
object
- Parameters
directory (str) – the directory where the phonts simulation output files exist
natoms (int) – number of atoms in the simulation cel
-
directory
¶ the directory where the phonts simulation output files exist
- Type
str
-
ph_lt_file
¶
-
ph_freq_file
¶
-
natoms
¶ number of atoms in the simulation cel
- Type
int
-
build_data_at_temp
(temp)[source]¶ This method consolidates the data contained in two different files so that we can compare phonon frequencies with with phonon lifetimes.
- Parameters
temp (int) – the temperature from the BTE calculation, this value must be in list of values contained in the list ph_lt_file.temp
-
class
pypospack.io.phonts.
PhontsInputFile
(filename='phonon_input.dat', structure_filename='POSCAR', phonts_configuration=None)[source]¶ Bases:
object
- Parameters
force_evaluation (str) –
phonon_kpoints (list of int) – K-point mesh in on which phonon properties are to be calculated. It should be an array with four elements, [N1,N2,N3,N4], where N4 specifies the finer grid along the z-axis for more accurate determination of the energy conversation surface in thermal conductivity simulations.
-
interaction_type
¶
-
class
pypospack.io.phonts.
PhontsPdosDatafile
(filename=None)[source]¶ Bases:
object
-
df
¶ (pandas.DataFrame)
-
-
pypospack.io.phonts.
abinitio_interface_to_string
(fp_interface='VASP', is_prep_step=True, numerical_2der=True, numerical_3der=True, d3_cutoff=5.0, delta=0.005)[source]¶ - Parameters
fp_interface (str) – first-principals interface. Can be VASP, QE or LAMMPS. Default is set to LAMMPS.
numerical_2der (bool) –
numerical_3der (bool) –
d3_cutoff (float) –
-
pypospack.io.phonts.
phonts_kpoints_section_to_str
(k1=9, k2=9, k3=9, kbte=1)[source]¶ Define the kpoint mesh for Phonons
Defines the k-point mesh on which phonon properties are to be calculated. kx, ky, and kz determine resolutions in the reciprocal space. PhonTS automatically create an odd-valued grid, even if an even-grid is provided.
- Parameters
kx (int) – kpoint mesh resolution in the b1 direction, reciprocal lattice
ky (int) – kpoint mesh resolution in thee b2 direction, reciprocal lattice
kz (int) – kpoint mesh resolution in the b3 direction, reciprocal lattice
kbte (int) – additional resolution for the finer grid in the z direction, for more accurate determination of the energy conservation surface in thermal conductivity calculations.
-
pypospack.io.phonts.
read_phon_lifetime
(filename='phon_lifetime.dat')[source]¶ Reads phonon lifetime information
-
pypospack.io.phonts.
simulation_cell_to_phonts_string
(simulation_cell, charges=None)[source]¶ This function converts as simulation cell and a dictionary of charges into the simulation cell secton of the PhonTS input file.
- Parameters
simulation_cell (pypospack.crystal.SimulationCell) – This arguement expects the simulation cell to either to be a SimulationCell object, or an object which inherits those methods.
charges (OrderedDict) – This keys of this dictionary should have the ISO chemical symbols of the atoms while the values of these keys should provide floats of the charge.
- Returns
a string of the the simulation cell in PhonTS format.
- Return type
(str)
pypospack.io.slurm module¶
module to manage jobs to slurm
pypospack.io.vasp module¶
Input and output functions and classes for VASP
-
class
pypospack.io.vasp.
Incar
(filename='INCAR')[source]¶ Bases:
object
-
filename
¶
-
is_continue_job
¶ True if continuation job
- Type
bool
-
-
class
pypospack.io.vasp.
Kpoints
(filename='KPOINTS', comment='Automatic Mesh', n_kpoints=0, mesh_type='Monkhorst-Pack', mesh_size=[4, 4, 4], mesh_shift=[0, 0, 0])[source]¶ Bases:
object
KPOINTS file
- Parameters
filename (str) – the filename to either read from or to write to. Default is KPOINTS
comment (str) – a comment to use for the KPOINTS file. Default is ‘Automatic Mesh’
n_kpoints (int) – number of kpoints for automatic mesh. Default is 0.
mesh_type (str) – mesh type to create. Default is ‘Monkhorst-Pack’
mesh_size (
list
ofint
) – defines the density of the sampling in the Brillouin zone of the reciprocal lattice.mesh_shift (
list
ofint
) – defines the shift of the k-kpoint mesh
-
filename
¶ the filename to either read from or to write to. Default is KPOINTS
- Type
str
-
comment
¶ a comment to use for the KPOINTS file. Default is ‘Automatic Mesh’
- Type
str
-
n_kpoints
¶ number of kpoints for automatic mesh. Default is 0.
- Type
int
-
mesh_type
¶ mesh type to create. Default is ‘Monkhorst-Pack’
- Type
str
-
mesh_size
¶ defines the density of the sampling in the Brillouin zone of the reciprocal lattice.
- Type
list
ofint
-
mesh_shift
¶ defines the shift of the k-kpoint mesh
- Type
list
ofint
-
class
pypospack.io.vasp.
Outcar
(filename='OUTCAR')[source]¶ Bases:
object
object to manage IO to VASP through the OUTCAR file
Many of the attributes in this class are initialized to None at instanciation. They are processed when the OUTCAR file is read.
- Parameters
filename (str) – filename of the OUTCAR file
-
total_energy
¶ total energy of the structure in eV.
- Type
float
-
elastic_tensor
¶ the components of the elastic tensor. The components of the array start at . So the component would be accessed by elastic_tensor[0,0]
- Type
nd.array
-
phonon_eig_val
¶ the eigenvalues of the phonons determined by lattice dynamics.
- Type
nd.array
-
phonon_eig_vec
¶ the eigenvectors of the phonons determined by lattice dynamics.
- Type
nd.array
-
class
pypospack.io.vasp.
Poscar
(obj_cell=None)[source]¶ Bases:
pypospack.crystal.SimulationCell
POSCAR structure file for VASP
- Parameters
obj_cell (pypospack.crystal.SimulationCell) –
-
filename
¶ filename (either to be written to or to write from)
- Type
str
-
comment
¶ comment used in the first line of the POSCAR file
- Type
str
-
class
pypospack.io.vasp.
Potcar
(symbols=None, filename=None, xc='GGA', potcars=None)[source]¶ Bases:
object
object to deal with POTCAR files for VASP simulations
- Parameters
symbols (
list
ofstr
) – a list of chemical symbolsfilename (str) – the filename of the POTCAR
xc (str) – the exchange correlation model. Default is ‘GGA’
-
potcar_dir
¶ the path of the VASP potential directory.
- Type
str
-
potcars
¶ a dictionary of key-value pairs of symbols to potcar type where the key value is the ISO symbol, and the value is the the psuedopotnetial type.
- Type
dict
If an
str
is passed into symbols, then the string will be cast into alist
ofstr
A directory of potentials is not included in pypospack because it is protected by copy right. If the potcar_dir is not set, then pypospack will use the environment variables:
>>> export VASP_LDA_DIR=$(cd ~/opt/vasp/potentials/LDA;pwd) >>> export VASP_GGA_DIR=$(cd ~/opt/vasp/potentials/GGA;pwd)
-
class
pypospack.io.vasp.
VaspMinimizeStructure
(sim_dir, structure, xc='GGA')[source]¶ Bases:
object
class for managing vasp structural minimizations
-
class
pypospack.io.vasp.
VaspSimulation
(sim_dir, xc='GGA')[source]¶ Bases:
object
class for managing vasp simulations
This class encapsulates are variety of object for a vasp simulation
- Parameters
sim_dir (str) – the path of this simulation
xc (str) – the exchange correlation functional
- Attribute:
poscar (pypospack.io.poscar): class for mananging IO of structures for vasp. incar (pypospack.io.incar): class for managing IO of DFT configuration for vasp kpoints (pypospack.io.kpoints): defines the the grid for BZ zone integration. potcar (pypospack.io.potcar): defines potential file


Have a look at
ConstantActuator and at
PermeanceActuator for an explanation of both converter
models.
Simulation of the force-stroke characteristic of the PermeanceActuator with a constant current I=3A and a forced armature movement (similar to measurements in reality) shows the dependency of both force-generating permeances G_ma and G_mb as well as inductance L on armature position x. Simulate for 8 s and plot vs. armature position feedX.flange_b.s (same physical quantities together in a common diagram for comparison):
feedX.flange_b.f // force of permeance model (permeance of stator iron neglected in this model) comparisonWithFEA.y[1] // force of FEA model with non-linear stator iron 1.0718 comparisonWithFEA.y[2] // force of FEA model with mu_rFe=const.=1000 actuator.g_ma.G_m // permeance G_ma actuator.g_mb.G_m // permeance G_mb actuator.L // inductance of permeance model comparisonWithFEA.y[3] // inductance of FEA model for comparison (mu_rFe=const.=1000).


Pihole Extension
Settings
Pihole admin password
Required to control the Pihole, e.g. aBcD1FGa
Pihole address
Address of the Pihole, e.g. <IP_ADDRESS>
Save


Captain Bezique:
You have not sought out
Neti
yet? She will give you much aid in catching the thieves. She lives in this village, so hurry and find her.


Blue Whale
Manager
- ID: 1
- Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- Office Number: 22
Crab
Engineer
- ID: 2
- Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- GitHub: crabTime
Lobster
Engineer
- ID: 3
- Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- GitHub: lobsterTime
Plankton
Intern
- ID: 4
- Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- School: Fish
Shrimp
Intern
- ID: 5
- Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- School: Fish


Thanks for your input, but I'm rather busy fixing critical security holes at the moment.
I'm flooded with reports from people convinced that various website idiosyncrasies are the works of nefarious IAM operatives, and can't possibly check them all. I'm sure if I spent all day reading mails from associate consultants, I would eventually discover some incredible insights. Alas, It is not to be.
Don't bother sending me anything, unless it's literally a mail you received from a hacker, or something.
Oskar Jönsson
Managing Consultant
Head of IT security


Join the words and get to the target word tile!
New GameWhat's all this Machine Learning Hype? This site is a demo of what can be done with word vectors. Ever wondered how words are related to each other?  You can also download pretrained vectors that have been trained on large data sets, e.g. Google News. The well know example is turning king into queen by using arithmatic king - man + woman = queen.
How to play: Use your arrow keys to move the tiles. Tiles can always be merged along the horizontal and vertical axis. The resulting word is the sum of the word vectors of the two origional words, they merge into one!
Created by Fabion Kauker. Based on 2048 by Gabriele Cirulli, based on 1024 by Veewo Studio and conceptually similar to Threes by Asher Vollmer.
Thanks to Desi Quintans for The Great Noun List, and Sebastian Ruder for pointing me in the right direction on how to handle the large vector data and his excellent blog.


Verstappen's comments not professional or mature, says Vettel
Sebastian Vettel dismissed comments by Max Verstappen as immature and unprofessional on Thursday after the Red Bull driver suggested Ferrari had gained an unfair advantage with their engine.
SAO PAULO: Sebastian Vettel dismissed comments by Max Verstappen as immature and unprofessional on Thursday after the Red Bull driver suggested Ferrari had gained an unfair advantage with their engine.
The Dutch youngster suggested at this month's U.S. Grand Prix that Ferrari's poor performance in Austin was linked to Formula One's governing body closing a potential engine loophole.
The 22-year-old used the word "cheating" in an interview with Dutch television.
"I think everybody is free to say what they want. I don’t think anybody in the team took it personally," Vettel told reporters at the Brazilian Grand Prix, penultimate race of the season, when asked for a reaction.
"I think it’s not professional and not mature, but I can also see that you are probably interested in me answering back," added the Ferrari driver.
"I don’t have much interest in that, other than saying that for us, the best way to answer in a way is to probably just go back to normal.
"Calling it that far I think is not right. But again, live and let live. If that’s what he thinks, that’s what he thinks. If next week he thinks something different, then, in the end, we don’t care so much."
Verstappen drew a line under the episode when he met reporters at the Red Bull factory before flying to Sao Paulo, saying it was a "very sensitive subject".
"I try not to go there anymore," he added. "I prefer just to go ahead, leave everything behind...just focus on Brazil."
Vettel blamed setup problems for the drop in performance and expected the Italian team to be challenging for victory again at Interlagos on Sunday.
"Should we have the strongest engine... that’s a great achievement by us, by our engine department," said the German.
"For the last five years, we had Mercedes having the strongest engine so if ... for a couple of months we are ahead then hopefully it stays like that for the next five years and I don’t care what people think or say."
Vettel will be making his 100th start for Ferrari after winning his four titles with Red Bull and he said he hoped it was a good one.
"I'm looking forward to more...I guess the 102nd race will be more important," he added, referring to the first grand prix of 2020.
Mercedes have already won both 2019 titles for an unprecedented sixth successive season.
(Writing by Alan Baldwin in London, editing by Pritha Sarkar)


--- layout: pattern category: text name: sup usage: Represents a superscript. ---
The famous Einstein's formula: E=mc2.


Harkilgamed:
Nor do I. Of the Three Heroes, perhaps Rodenpicula will know.
She is unique, even among our kind. Go speak with her.
Ask where she is.


Drink Mixer Demo
Search after enter
{{drink.descriptionPlain}}
Skill required to make drink: {{drink.skill.name}}
Served in a {{drink.servedIn.text}}


In this project, we're going to make a webpage with crazy flashing colors!
1. Give your page a title.
2. Using CSS, set the width
and height
of the HTML
and body
to 100% each.
3. Make an array that holds a bunch of different colors. This can help you with colors.
4. Using a random number, write a function
that changes the background color of the body
to a random color from your array.
5. Make that function run every x seconds ("x" is any number of your choice). Play around to decide how fast you want the colors to change.
6. In JavaScript, create 100 div
elements and store them in a new array. (Hint: don't create the div
's one by one. Instead, use a for
loop).
7. Append the div
's to the page when the page loads.
8. Make the function that changes the background color of the body change the background color of just the first div
in your array.
9. Now, make the function work on all of the div
's in the array.
10. If your div
's are all in a line, format them into a grid.
(Hint: use the CSS display
property).
11. Set the height and width of the div
's so that they take up the whole page. You can do this with CSS or JavaScript.
12. Continue working until you are happy with your project.
13. Save and share your project!


Old fashioned browser install, providing window.Abasis
:
<script src="http://abasis.richplastow.com/build/abasis.js"></script>
<script>console.log( new window.Abasis().I ); // -> 'Abasis'</script>
Install as a CommonJS Module, eg for Node:
var Abasis = require('abasis');
console.log( new Abasis().I ); // -> 'Abasis'
Install using RequireJS inline-style, providing Abasis
as an argument:
<script src="lib/require.js"></script>
<script>
require(['path/to/abasis'], function(Abasis) {
console.log( new Abasis().I ); // -> 'Abasis'
})
</script>
@todo more installation examples
Test with npm run-scripts on the command line:
npm test
Test on the client:
Open test/run-test.html in
a web browser
The following modules are listed in the "devDependencies"
field of
‘package.json’, so running npm install
will install them in the local
‘node_modules’ directory. However, you may find it useful to install them
globally on your machine, in which case the -g
flag is your friend:
Install coffee 1.9.2 on the command line:
npm install -g coffee-script
Install nodemon 1.3.7:
npm install -g nodemon
npm run build
@todo discussion of the limitations of file-watching.
v:list
Shows a list of files which contain the version
string from ‘package.json’.
Each filename is suffixed by a colon, followed by the line-number where the
version string appears, eg README.md:1 package.json:4
.
npm run v:list
Which runs:
grep -ron $npm_package_version {bin,src,*.json} | awk 1 ORS=' ' | sed "s@:$npm_package_version@@g"
Or verbosely:
grep --recursive --only-matching --line-number $npm_package_version \\
{bin,src,*.json} \\
| \\
awk 1 ORS=' ' \\
| \\
sed "s@:$npm_package_version@@g"
Which means:
grep
to get a newline-delimited list of files which contain the
version
string from ‘package.json’--recursive
search in subdirectories--only-matching
don’t show leading/trailing context in the results--line-number
included after a colon, eg bower.json:3
awk
sed
:1.2.3-4
v:open
Opens a list of files which contain the version
string from ‘package.json’ in
Sublime Text. You will need Sublime Text installed, and a symlink to its subl
binary added to your PATH.
npm run v:open
Which runs:
subl $(npm run v:list --loglevel silent)
Note --loglevel silent
, which prevents subl
from being sent the results-log
which npm run
usually outputs.


Hands On Enterprise Application Development with Java 9
Enter Marathons Online
Hands On Enterprise Application Development with Java 9
,


@@include('./partials/styles.html')
SSO eProcurement
@@include('./partials/header.html')
@@include('./partials/menu.html')
Detail Purchase Order
Requester:
Requester
Approver:
Approver
Requested Date:
Requested Date
Fullfillment Date:
Fullfillment Date
Purchase Order by Catalogue
Purchase Order by Requested
Update Content
@@include('./partials/scripts.html')


There is a set of physical styles, also called patterns. Most patterns encompass typeface variations, such as style, font and size. But patterns can also be designed to include links to images, files, programs, etc.
You can apply a pattern to a node in one of two ways.
The default keyboard shortcuts are:
apply pattern 1 = F1
apply pattern 2 = Ctrl+Shift+N
apply pattern 3 = F3
apply pattern 4 = F4
apply pattern 5 = F5
apply pattern 6 = F6
apply pattern 7 = F7
apply pattern 8 = F8
apply pattern 9 = F9
apply pattern 10 = Ctrl+F1
apply pattern 11 = Ctrl+F2
apply pattern 12 = Ctrl+F3
apply pattern 13 = Ctrl+F4
apply pattern 14 = Ctrl+F5
apply pattern 15 = Ctrl+F6
apply pattern 16 = Ctrl+F7
apply pattern 17 = Ctrl+F8
apply pattern 18 = Ctrl+F9The shortcuts may be edited in the user.properties file.
You can create or change patterns by editing "patterns.xml", located in the folder "freemind" in your home directory. Pattern applies to a node, if there is a <node> tag; it applies to an edge, if there is an <edge> tag.
A typical pattern in patterns.xml looks like this:
<pattern name="Folder"> <node color="#CC9900">  </node> </pattern>
Note that the <node> tag has the  tag as a child. The  tag itself is terminated by the "/" at the end.
You can have a simple pattern that only changes the color:
<pattern name="Purple"> <node color="#993399"/> </pattern>
Or, the tag can included imbedded links. In this case, it's necessary to use the "&" codes for special HTML characters. The following example loads the node with a graphic that has been stored in FreeMind's images directory.
<pattern name="Question mark"> <node TEXT=" ">  </node> </pattern>
Be aware that the use of the "text" attribute, whether to insert actual text or HTML code, will completely overwrite any text that was already in that node.
If you're using the shortcut keys, remember that the patterns are numbered simply according to their sequence in the list. So if you add or delete a pattern in the middle, the numbering will change.


{% extends 'emails/email_base.html' %} {% load i18n %} {% autoescape off %} {% block email_content %}
{% blocktrans with site=site_name trimmed %} You have been sent this email as a new account has been created for you at {{ site }}. {% endblocktrans %}
{% trans "To activate this account, please click on the following link (or copy it into a web browser)" %}:
{% endblock %} {% block email_footer %} {% blocktrans with name=sender.get_full_name site=site_name trimmed %} You received this email because {{ name }} has approved your application for a new {{ site }} account. {% endblocktrans %} {% endblock %} {% endautoescape %}


{{ define "main" }}
I'm a Software Engineer, currently at SberMarket. Welcome to my personal website.


--- layout: default title: Senator Warren Gets It permalink: /warren/ --- {% capture content %}
Senator Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) just gave a powerful speech calling upon Congress to fight big money corruption. Not only that, but she referenced a recent MAYDAY.US poll that showed overwhelming bipartisan support for the need to fight the influence of big money in our political system.
"According to a recent poll, Democrats and Republicans both agreed strongly with the idea of citizen funded elections –72% of Democrats and 62% of Republicans said yes."
MAYDAY.US is here to fight, we're here to stay, and we're here to take back our democracy from those who have hijacked it. Watch Senator Warren's full speech and then chip in just $10 or whatever you can spare to keep the momentum going.


Stranger keys Unathi's car: 'Why you so mad, though?'
Graye Morkel
Cape Town - Idols SA judge Unathi shared a video on Instagram, showing the extensive damage to her car after it was keyed.
Unathi explains that when she returned to her vehicle after a session at the gym, she discovered that someone had scratched the side of her car.
"There is so much hate in the world," she says while moving the camera over the damage.
The singer did not let the incident cast a grey cloud over her day, and wrote in the comment section: "Happy Monday depressed one. Thank you for making me know I defeat you." She ended the post with the lips and laughing face emoji.
Celebrity friends jumped in the comment section to express their shock at what had happened.
"Hectic," wrote Pearl Thusi and Ntando Duma said: "T for tense!"
Relebogile Mabotja agreed with Unathi's sentiment, saying: "People are broken."


Next topics describe overal structure of Eve applications.
A project is a folder with a specific structure. It contains one or more applications that can run independent of each other on the same computer or a group of computers.
project structure
Next project contains two applications: server/agent and show folders where you should put your code (src+lib) and documentation (doc). This is a recommendation but not a hard rule.
$pro_home
project
|-- agent
| |-- aspect1.bee
| |-- aspect2.bee
| ...
|-- server
| |-- aspect1.bee
| |--- aspect2.bee
| ...
|-- library
| |-- module1
| | |-- module_script1.bee
| | |-- module_script2.bee
| | ...
| |-- module2
| ...
|
|-- documents
| |-- readme.md
| |-- index.html
| ...
|-- agent.eve
|-- server.eve
Eve define several kind of scripts that together makes a "project suite". Some scripts are reusable but some are specific to a single project. Here are all the possible scripts:
Notes: One project can contain one or many drivers. Each driver is an independend script. A driver has a single executable process. Eve virtual machine can run a single driver at a time but several aspects in the same time. A driver can "import" modules and can "start" several aspects in parallel.
A script file is divided into regions using keywords: {import, alias, global, process}. Regions members are using indentation, like Python. A region ends when next region begins. Eve try to be flat as much as possible. Therefore these regions are right side aligned.
An Eve script begins with one of these keywords: {"driver", "aspect", "module"}. Script name is the same as the file name without the extension. A driver or aspect script can have parameters, defined after script name in a list, but a module do not have parameters.
+--------------------------------------------
Header comments: explain the module purpose
These comments can be used on top of module
---------------------------------------------+
[driver | aspect | module] name(parameters):
** set system variables
set $sys_con = value;
...
** import region
import
from $path/library_name use (*);
** qualifier suppression region
alias
AliasName1 = library_name.MemberName;
AliasName2 = ClassName[parameters];
...
** define user types
class
NewType = {} <: Type;
...
** define functions using Lambda expression
global
set expression_name = (params) => (expression);
...
** global & shared states
global
set local = value1: user_tupe;
...
----------------------------------------------------
** main process, or initialization region
[process | init]
new my_var = value; -- private variable
...
[finalize | release]
** release locked resources & log reports
...
return;
-----------------------------------------------------
/* notes: can be used at the end of the script.
usually the notes use C like, block comments.
*/
Note: Any script has one or more global regions. In this regions, you can set system states and define global states. In declaration region you can also define: classes, methods, functions & routines.
All variables defined in global scope are static. You must use keyword "set" to define them and assign initial value. Static variables are created on the heap and have a permanent nature.
Shared states use prefix "$". These are called system variables. Can be loaded from a configuration file (*.cfg). Eve modules and drivers cana define, initialize or reset values for shared states.
Shared states can be defined in the first region after ":", after indentation. No need to use global keyword for this region. You need to use global if you declare some globals later before the process or init region.
Several system variables are provided by Eve environment:
System objects are instantiated at startup and are part of core library. These contain runtime information that you can use for debuging. System objects do not need module qualifier. You can access them directly once the module is imported.
Constants have at least first letter capitalized. The best practice is to use all capital letters for constants. The next symbols in a constant name can be numbers or underscore but no special or Unicode character.
** gobal scope
global
set $PI = 3.14 :Float; -- shared constant
set $var = 0 :Integer; -- shared variable
Global states are static variable defined in global scope . You can access clobal states in functions and methods without qualifier.
Global states can be constant or variables. Constats use capital letters while variables are using lowercase letters. First letter is important, other letters can be numbers, lowercase or uppdercase letters or undrscore.
driver test():
** private class
class Person = {name:String, age:Integer} <: Object;
** create states using type inference
global
set E = 2.52 :Real; -- Euler's number
set x = 0 :Integer; -- private state
** create a global object of type Person.
process
new me := Person("Elucian", "56");
return;
The import is used to include public members from modules:
driver script_name:
** define global states
set $user_path := root_path/relative_path;
import
from $user_path use (module_name,...); -- specific modules
from $user_path use (*); -- find all modules
...
alias
** create alias for some of the hiden members
set new_name := module_name.member_name;
process
...
return;
A library is a set of reusable modules. A library can be installed in EVE environment or can be project specific. EVE machine is using a special system variable to search for a library: $EVE_LIB. If the library is not found the module can't be imported and the script fails.
Note: Library name is the name of the subfolder. Module is the name of the last folder in a path. By convention you can create itermediate subfolders but only the last folder is relevant and it must be unique in a library.
A driver represents the application main script. It has the role to lead the application main process. When driver execution is over the application give control back to the EVE virtual machine. If no other process is running, the machine shuts-down after it clean-up the memory.
An "aspect" is a script specific to a particular project. It resolve a problem or address a specific concern. Aspect files are executable. One aspect can execute other aspects, however it can't be recursive.
An aspect can receive parameters. One aspect has a declaration region and an executable region. You can resolve an aspect by using keyword: "apply" or "start". An aspect must handle it's own errors. If errors are not handled, the program panic and stop execution.
aspect aspect_name(parameter_list):
** declare variables
...
process
** executable region
...
recover
** handle all errors
...
return;
Parameters are defined in round brackets () separated by comma. Each parameter must have type and name. Using parameters require several conventions:
Mandatory parameters do not have initial values but only type. Optional parameters have initial value that is assign using operator "=" with explicit :type, or ":=" with type inference. Not both.
(name:value)
pairs;Vararg parameters
One aspect can receive multiple arguments of the same type into a single collection parameter. This can be a List, DataSet or HashMap, depending on declaration.
# print all arguments
aspect test(*args: ()String):
** list all arguments
process
cycle:
new arg :String;
for arg in args loop
print arg;
repeat;
return;
One script can have one single process. Every process has a local context. In this context you can define variables, and instantiate objects but you can't define routines, classes, methods or functions. Process local members can't be shared but can be send as input/output parameters to other subprograms.
To avoid overuse of global variables you must use input/output parameters. We prefix output parameters using symbol "@". Output parameters require a variable as argument, otherwise you will not be able to capture the output value.
#demo output parameters
aspect output_params:
** private subroutine
routine add(p1 = 0, p2 = 1: Integer, @op: Integer):
let op := p1 + p2;
return;
process
new result: Integer;
** inpur/output argument require a variable
call add(1,2, op:result);
print result; -- expected value 3
** negative test, will fail
call add(1,2,4); -- error, "out" parameter require a variable
return;
Eve modules are abstract concepts. One module exist in a folder. A module consist of several scripts with extension ".eve". Modules can be combined together in large projects. Some modules are common for many projects. These are called system modules or library modules.
modules ...
An Eve module begins with "module" keyword. Module name is the same as the last folder in a library path. A module can have an initialization region. This is executed when the module is imported for the first time.
+-----------------------------------------
module name is the folder name, so that
one module can have more then one scripts.
-----------------------------------------+
module module_name:
** shared states
set $system_variable: Type;
...
** import region
import
from $path/library_name use (*);
** declare members
...
init
** setup intial states
let $system_variable := value;
...
release
** verify states & log
$error.log();
...
return;
Module names are using lowercase letters, can contain underscore or digits but no special characters and no Unicode strings. Longer names that use several words can be separate with underscore. The module name can be 30 characters long.
Module scripts A module can be a single script file but usually represents several files. The main script has the same name as the module name. In the main script you can define ony the public members. In secondary scripts, you can define only the private members.
Eve scripts are executed using a virtual machine. You can start the virtual machine as a service or as console application. In console you can run only a one driver script at a time. In service mode you can run multiple drivers. Each driver is independent and can't communicate with other drivers.
Configuration: Eve services using a general configuration file: eve.cfg. This file contains default settings for EVE machine. System variables are shared. A copy of EVE system variables is send to every new driver instance.
A driver can define default settings using "set". Configuration setings are loaded over the default values and have priority. In a process, you can temporarly change the settings using let. These changes do not propagate back into the condifuration file.
Memory allocation: EVE service is in charge of allocating memory for each process. There is no shared memory between processes. When a process is terminated the memory is cleaned up of garbage and the machine continue to run until all processes are finished.
To execute a driver there are 2 methods:
When a driver is loaded, all it's components are compiled in memory, then the process is executed. If a driver do not have a "process", it can be manually executed from eve console, one routine at a time.
~/eve -c file.cfg
eve:> load ~/path/driver_name.eve -c file.cfg -m 2048GB
eve:> debug ~/path/driver_name.eve -c file.cfg
Eve REPL can be used to load or debug a driver manually, using special commands. The command options are not yet fully designed. We will implement these basic commands:
| command | description |
|---|---|
| load | compile a driver and execute the main process |
| debug | compile a driver but does not execute main process |
| begin | start the driver main process step by step execution |
| enter | this is actually the enter key. execute next step |
| display value for a global variable, it can't print locals | |
| resume | continue running until a "halt" statement is enconter |
| report | create a debugging report about system state |
| stop | stop the driver execution but do not clean memory |
| clear | stop the driver and clean the memory |
| setup | load configuration file and set "$" variables |
| quit | stop EVE machine and exit from REPL |
You can use "halt" inside the script to stop a script and debug the script later. "halt" is working only when debug mode is active. Statement "halt" can be conditioned with "if" to create a debugging break-point.
One aspect is executed from driver or from another aspect. You can not execute an aspect from itself. Recursive aspects are not supported. The compiler will detect a recursive aspect and will fail at runtime.
You can debug an aspect just like a driver. You can load an aspect, execute the aspect step by step and create a report. Aspects are independent processes. However you can't debug aspects in parallel.
Aspects can be run in serial mode one after another. Let's consider we have 3 aspects: {one, two, three}. We can execute each aspect using keyword: "apply". This will intrerupt the driver process and will execute aspec process one by one then return control to driver and continue the main process:
driver test_apply:
# synchronous call
process
** apply each aspect
apply [folder/]aspect_one(arguments);
apply [folder/]aspect_two(arguments);
apply [folder/]aspect_three(arguments);
...
return;
Note: You do not have to import an aspect into a driver but you must specify the relative path of the aspect. If the aspect is in a subfolder, you must include folder name. If the aspect is in the same location as the driver, you do not need a folder name.
Aspects can be resolved in parallel mode using keyword "start".
# asynchronous call demo
driver async_demo:
process
** enqueue aspects to be resolved
start [folder/]aspect_one(arguments);
start [folder/]aspect_two(arguments);
start [folder/]aspect_three(arguments);
** wait for all aspects to finish
yield;
return;
One script can start an aspect with different parameters.
** resolve several aspects
driver async_loop:
process
** enqueue same aspect 4 times
cycle
new i: Integer;
for i in (1..4) loop
start demo(i);
repeat;
yield;
return;
The driver or aspect can import modules. After import, all public elements of modules can be used on demand. The parent process is controling the execution. Modules are not directly executable.
Modules are "singleton" once a module is loaded in memory, it will not load a second time for same process. Eve is a multi-session system. Module states are bound the the current process.
When a eve is executed, it can be started with parameter: -x or --exclusive. This is a signal that only one process can connect or use resources. In this mode "start" is not starting a new process but works like "apply" in serial mode. In this mode you can alter a database structure.
Program can be early terminated be done using: "over" or "panic". This is a way to release all locked resources and terminate the application. Program can end with an error code using "panic N" statement, otherwise it will automatically return 1 with panic and 0 with "over". Actually "panic 0" is equivalent to "over".
When drive is terminated, it depends what is heppening next. When was started from a console in debug mode the module remains in memory, parsed and ready for debugging. The memory can be investigated using commands. When driver is executed in regular mode, the memory is erased and the EVE machine stop running.
Next code sequence is terminated after 100 iterations:
# terminate a program with: over
driver test_over:
process
cycle:
new i = 0 :Integer;
loop
write "."; wait 10;
over if i > 10;
let i += 1;
repeat;
return;
EVE virtual machine can load system environment variables from a configuration file. These are stored as "$name:value" pairs. Some system constants can be derived from environment variables using concatenation operators "+", "/" or "\".
A configuration file have extension .cfg. One application can run with different configuration file. Application documentation must contain demoduleion of all variables required by the application.
A good practice is to provide a configuration template . The template file may contain comments and $key = value pairs. Values can be numeric, string, symbol, date, time or data literals: [],(),{}. Eve application will automatically parse configuration file to read values for the system variables.
In debug mode you can modify the configuration and reload using "setup" command. REPL must be in "ready" state when you reload settings otherwise you will get an error.
Read next: Data Types


ARBITRARY TEXT: And though of all men the moody captain of the Pequod was the least given to that sort of shallowest assumption; and though the only homage he ever exacted, was implicit, instantaneous obedience; though he required no man to remove the shoes from his feet ere stepping upon the quarter-deck; and though there were times when, owing to peculiar circumstances connected with events hereafter to be detailed, he addressed them in unusual terms, whether of condescension or IN TERROREM, or otherwise; yet even Captain Ahab was by no means unobservant of the paramount forms and usages of the sea.
№21. Html special chars formatted link in the PRE tag
№22. Html special chars formatted link in the PRE ~ CODE tags
FORM with url in ACTION attribute, which don't follows on submit, and link in ONCLICK attribute of button, which follows here...


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| | |
- builtins.object
-
- Descriptors
class Descriptors(builtins.object) |
| |
A wrapper class using rdkit to generate the different
descpritors for specrtra prediciton.
Initilized with SMILES of a molecule
Attributes:
-----------
Molecule -- an object of rdkit.Chem.rdchem.Mol
__feat_factory -- an object to caluate the features
for molecules, from
rdkit.Chem.rdMolChemicalFeatures.MolChemicalFeatureFactory
Methods:
--------
set_molecule
get_features
get_properties
get_coulomb_matrix
get_Morgan_fingerprint
__config_feature_factory
__get_charges_coords |
| |
Methods defined here:
- __init__(self, SMILES=None)
- Descriptor class constructor method.
- get_Morgan_fingerprint(self, radius=2, nBits=2048, use_feat=False)
- Returns a list of integers that as a whole represents the
Morgan fingerprint of a molecule.
Args:
-----
radius (int) -- passed to the rdkit function, this
represents the the number of atomic neighbours the
fingerprint is evaluated for.
nBits (int) -- the number of bits the molecule
is characterized by.
use_feat (bool) -- (default False) If True, uses the
molecule's features when calculating the finger-
print using RDKit.
Returns:
--------
out_fp (list) -- a list containing the bits that
comprise the Morgan fingerprint of the molecule.
- get_coulomb_matrix(self, eig_sort=True, output_eigval=False)
- Generates the coulomb matrix for a given molecule from its
SMILES string, of size MxM, where M is the number of
atoms in the molecule. in the training data set.
Args:
-----
eig_sort (bool) -- (Default True) If False, doesn't sort
the coulomb matrix by eignevalue.
output_eigval (bool) -- (Default False) If True, outputs
the eigenvalues of the Coulomb Matrix instead of the
Coulomb matrix itself.
Returns:
--------
coulomb_matrix (numpy.ndarray) -- the coulomb matrix for
a given molecule's nuclear geometry in the form of a
2D aray.
eig (np.ndarray) -- Outputs if the output_eigval argument
is True as a 1D array of the eigenvalues of the Coulomb
matrix.
- get_features(self)
- Gets the features of the molecule currently constructed in
the Descriptor class.
Args:
-----
Returns:
--------
features_dict (dict) -- a dictionary conatining the
feature names as keys and their values as the
values of the dictionary.
- get_properties(self, property_name=None)
- Returns the properties of a molecule object using
the rdkit package.
Args:
-----
property_name (str) -- the name of a property to be
returned. If None, function returns all properties.
Returns:
--------
f_dict2 (dict) -- a dictionary containing all the
molecule's properties as keys and their float
values as the dict values.
- set_molecule(self, SMILES)
- Assigns a molecule to the initialized Descriptor class.
Args:
-----
SMILES (str) -- the string representation of a molecule
Data descriptors defined here:
- __dict__
- dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
- __weakref__
- list of weak references to the object (if defined)
| |


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Qike Li
Find me online
@Qike_Li
and
Github
.
Home
Curriculum Vitae
Blog
Data
Papers
Software
Talks
Teaching
Teaching
TA
Spring 2016, MATH 363, Introduction to Statistical Methods
Guest Lecturer
Spring 2016, MCB 516A/416A, Statistical Bioinformatics and Genomic Analysis
Fall 2013, ABE 613, Applied Biostatistics


pymatgen.core.tensors module¶
-
class
SquareTensor
[source]¶ Bases:
pymatgen.core.tensors.Tensor
Base class for doing useful general operations on second rank tensors (stress, strain etc.).
Create a SquareTensor object. Note that the constructor uses __new__ rather than __init__ according to the standard method of subclassing numpy ndarrays. Error is thrown when the class is initialized with non-square matrix.
Parameters: - input_array (3x3 array-like) – the 3x3 array-like representing the content of the tensor
- vscale (6x1 array-like) – 6x1 array-like scaling the voigt-notation vector with the tensor entries
-
det
¶ shorthand for the determinant of the SquareTensor
-
get_scaled
(scale_factor)[source]¶ Scales the tensor by a certain multiplicative scale factor
Parameters: scale_factor (float) – scalar multiplier to be applied to the SquareTensor object
-
inv
¶ shorthand for matrix inverse on SquareTensor
-
is_rotation
(tol=0.001, include_improper=True)[source]¶ Test to see if tensor is a valid rotation matrix, performs a test to check whether the inverse is equal to the transpose and if the determinant is equal to one within the specified tolerance
Parameters: - tol (float) – tolerance to both tests of whether the the determinant is one and the inverse is equal to the transpose
- include_improper (bool) – whether to include improper rotations in the determination of validity
-
principal_invariants
¶ Returns a list of principal invariants for the tensor, which are the values of the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial for the matrix
-
refine_rotation
()[source]¶ Helper method for refining rotation matrix by ensuring that second and third rows are perpindicular to the first. Gets new y vector from an orthogonal projection of x onto y and the new z vector from a cross product of the new x and y
Parameters: to test for rotation (tol) – Returns: new rotation matrix
-
trans
¶ shorthand for transpose on SquareTensor
-
class
Tensor
[source]¶ Bases:
numpy.ndarray
,monty.json.MSONable
Base class for doing useful general operations on Nth order tensors, without restrictions on the type (stress, elastic, strain, piezo, etc.)
Create a Tensor object. Note that the constructor uses __new__ rather than __init__ according to the standard method of subclassing numpy ndarrays.
Parameters: - input_array – (array-like with shape 3^N): array-like representing a tensor quantity in standard (i. e. non-voigt) notation
- vscale – (N x M array-like): a matrix corresponding to the coefficients of the voigt-notation tensor
-
as_dict
(voigt=False)[source]¶ Serializes the tensor object
Parameters: voigt (bool) – flag for whether to store entries in voigt-notation. Defaults to false, as information may be lost in conversion. - Returns (Dict):
- serialized format tensor object
-
average_over_unit_sphere
(quad=None)[source]¶ Method for averaging the tensor projection over the unit with option for custom quadrature.
Parameters: quad (dict) – quadrature for integration, should be dictionary with “points” and “weights” keys defaults to quadpy.sphere.Lebedev(19) as read from file Returns: Average of tensor projected into vectors on the unit sphere
-
convert_to_ieee
(structure, initial_fit=True, refine_rotation=True)[source]¶ Given a structure associated with a tensor, attempts a calculation of the tensor in IEEE format according to the 1987 IEEE standards.
Parameters: - structure (Structure) – a structure associated with the tensor to be converted to the IEEE standard
- initial_fit (bool) – flag to indicate whether initial tensor is fit to the symmetry of the structure. Defaults to true. Note that if false, inconsistent results may be obtained due to symmetrically equivalent, but distinct transformations being used in different versions of spglib.
- refine_rotation (bool) – whether to refine the rotation produced by the ieee transform generator, default True
-
einsum_sequence
(other_arrays, einsum_string=None)[source]¶ Calculates the result of an einstein summation expression
-
fit_to_structure
(structure, symprec=0.1)[source]¶ Returns a tensor that is invariant with respect to symmetry operations corresponding to a structure
Parameters: - structure (Structure) – structure from which to generate symmetry operations
- symprec (float) – symmetry tolerance for the Spacegroup Analyzer used to generate the symmetry operations
-
classmethod
from_values_indices
(values, indices, populate=False, structure=None, voigt_rank=None, vsym=True, verbose=False)[source]¶ Creates a tensor from values and indices, with options for populating the remainder of the tensor.
Parameters: - values (floats) – numbers to place at indices
- indices (array-likes) – indices to place values at
- populate (bool) – whether to populate the tensor
- structure (Structure) – structure to base population or fit_to_structure on
- voigt_rank (int) – full tensor rank to indicate the shape of the resulting tensor. This is necessary if one provides a set of indices more minimal than the shape of the tensor they want, e.g. Tensor.from_values_indices((0, 0), 100)
- vsym (bool) – whether to voigt symmetrize during the optimization procedure
- verbose (bool) – whether to populate verbosely
-
classmethod
from_voigt
(voigt_input)[source]¶ Constructor based on the voigt notation vector or matrix.
Parameters: voigt_input (array-like) – voigt input for a given tensor
-
get_grouped_indices
(voigt=False, **kwargs)[source]¶ Gets index sets for equivalent tensor values
Parameters: - voigt (bool) – whether to get grouped indices of voigt or full notation tensor, defaults to false
- **kwargs –
keyword args for np.isclose. Can take atol and rtol for absolute and relative tolerance, e. g.
>>> tensor.group_array_indices(atol=1e-8)
or
>>> tensor.group_array_indices(rtol=1e-5)
Returns: list of index groups where tensor values are equivalent to within tolerances
-
static
get_ieee_rotation
(structure, refine_rotation=True)[source]¶ Given a structure associated with a tensor, determines the rotation matrix for IEEE conversion according to the 1987 IEEE standards.
Parameters: - structure (Structure) – a structure associated with the tensor to be converted to the IEEE standard
- refine_rotation (bool) – whether to refine the rotation using SquareTensor.refine_rotation
-
get_symbol_dict
(voigt=True, zero_index=False, **kwargs)[source]¶ Creates a summary dict for tensor with associated symbol
Parameters: - voigt (bool) – whether to get symbol dict for voigt notation tensor, as opposed to full notation, defaults to true
- zero_index (bool) – whether to set initial index to zero, defaults to false, since tensor notations tend to use one-indexing, rather than zero indexing like python
- **kwargs –
keyword args for np.isclose. Can take atol and rtol for absolute and relative tolerance, e. g.
>>> tensor.get_symbol_dict(atol=1e-8)
or
>>> tensor.get_symbol_dict(rtol=1e-5)
Returns: list of index groups where tensor values are equivalent to within tolerances
Returns:
-
static
get_voigt_dict
(rank)[source]¶ Returns a dictionary that maps indices in the tensor to those in a voigt representation based on input rank
Parameters: rank (int) – Tensor rank to generate the voigt map
-
is_fit_to_structure
(structure, tol=0.01)[source]¶ Tests whether a tensor is invariant with respect to the symmetry operations of a particular structure by testing whether the residual of the symmetric portion is below a tolerance
Parameters: - structure (Structure) – structure to be fit to
- tol (float) – tolerance for symmetry testing
-
is_symmetric
(tol=1e-05)[source]¶ Tests whether a tensor is symmetric or not based on the residual with its symmetric part, from self.symmetrized
Parameters: tol (float) – tolerance to test for symmetry
-
is_voigt_symmetric
(tol=1e-06)[source]¶ Tests symmetry of tensor to that necessary for voigt-conversion by grouping indices into pairs and constructing a sequence of possible permutations to be used in a tensor transpose
-
populate
(structure, prec=1e-05, maxiter=200, verbose=False, precond=True, vsym=True)[source]¶ Takes a partially populated tensor, and populates the non-zero entries according to the following procedure, iterated until the desired convergence (specified via prec) is achieved.
- Find non-zero entries
- Symmetrize the tensor with respect to crystal symmetry and (optionally) voigt symmetry
- Reset the non-zero entries of the original tensor
Parameters: - structure (structure object) –
- prec (float) – precision for determining a non-zero value
- maxiter (int) – maximum iterations for populating the tensor
- verbose (bool) – whether to populate verbosely
- precond (bool) – whether to precondition by cycling through all symmops and storing new nonzero values, default True
- vsym (bool) – whether to enforce voigt symmetry, defaults to True
-
project
(n)[source]¶ Convenience method for projection of a tensor into a vector. Returns the tensor dotted into a unit vector along the input n.
Parameters: n (3x1 array-like) – direction to project onto - Returns (float):
- scalar value corresponding to the projection of the tensor into the vector
-
rotate
(matrix, tol=0.001)[source]¶ Applies a rotation directly, and tests input matrix to ensure a valid rotation.
Parameters: - matrix (3x3 array-like) – rotation matrix to be applied to tensor
- tol (float) – tolerance for testing rotation matrix validity
-
round
(decimals=0)[source]¶ Wrapper around numpy.round to ensure object of same type is returned
Parameters: decimals – Number of decimal places to round to (default: 0). If decimals is negative, it specifies the number of positions to the left of the decimal point. - Returns (Tensor):
- rounded tensor of same type
-
structure_transform
(original_structure, new_structure, refine_rotation=True)[source]¶ Transforms a tensor from one basis for an original structure into a new basis defined by a new structure.
Parameters: Returns: Tensor that has been transformed such that its basis corresponds to the new_structure’s basis
-
symbol
= 'T'¶
-
symmetrized
¶ Returns a generally symmetrized tensor, calculated by taking the sum of the tensor and its transpose with respect to all possible permutations of indices
-
transform
(symm_op)[source]¶ Applies a transformation (via a symmetry operation) to a tensor.
Parameters: symm_op (SymmOp) – a symmetry operation to apply to the tensor
-
voigt
¶ Returns the tensor in Voigt notation
-
voigt_symmetrized
¶ Returns a “voigt”-symmetrized tensor, i. e. a voigt-notation tensor such that it is invariant wrt permutation of indices
-
class
TensorCollection
(tensor_list, base_class=<class 'pymatgen.core.tensors.Tensor'>)[source]¶ Bases:
collections.abc.Sequence
,monty.json.MSONable
A sequence of tensors that can be used for fitting data or for having a tensor expansion
-
classmethod
from_voigt
(voigt_input_list, base_class=<class 'pymatgen.core.tensors.Tensor'>)[source]¶
-
ranks
¶
-
symmetrized
¶
-
voigt
¶
-
voigt_symmetrized
¶
-
classmethod
-
class
TensorMapping
(tensors=None, values=None, tol=1e-05)[source]¶ Bases:
collections.abc.MutableMapping
Base class for tensor mappings, which function much like a dictionary, but use numpy routines to determine approximate equality to keys for getting and setting items.
This is intended primarily for convenience with things like stress-strain pairs and fitting data manipulation. In general, it is significantly less robust than a typical hashing and should be used with care.
Initialize a TensorMapping
Parameters: - tensor_list ([Tensor]) – list of tensors
- value_list ([]) – list of values to be associated with tensors
- tol (float) – an absolute tolerance for getting and setting items in the mapping
-
symmetry_reduce
(tensors, structure, tol=1e-08, **kwargs)[source]¶ Function that converts a list of tensors corresponding to a structure and returns a dictionary consisting of unique tensor keys with symmop values corresponding to transformations that will result in derivative tensors from the original list
Parameters: - tensors (list of tensors) – list of Tensor objects to test for symmetrically-equivalent duplicates
- structure (Structure) – structure from which to get symmetry
- tol (float) – tolerance for tensor equivalence
- kwargs – keyword arguments for the SpacegroupAnalyzer
Returns: dictionary consisting of unique tensors with symmetry operations corresponding to those which will reconstruct the remaining tensors as values


S1 Table
Dissimilarity between current and future climate of the major cities of the world. The dissimilarity is expressed as the Euclidean distance matrix performed on the 4 main axes of the PCA analysis that summarizes the climate variation (19 bioclimatic variables) among the major cities of the world. (ODS)
Click here for additional data file.


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Eyrah
This is a design inspiration for my first flutter APP
Behance Link - Eyrah Mock
Available on the
App Store
Get it on
Google Play


|
Bullet Collision Detection & Physics Library
|
1D constraint along a normal axis between bodyA and bodyB. It can be combined to solve contact and friction constraints. More...
#include <btSolverConstraint.h>
Public Types | |
| enum | btSolverConstraintType { BT_SOLVER_CONTACT_1D = 0, BT_SOLVER_FRICTION_1D } |
Public Member Functions | |
| BT_DECLARE_ALIGNED_ALLOCATOR () | |
1D constraint along a normal axis between bodyA and bodyB. It can be combined to solve contact and friction constraints.
Definition at line 29 of file btSolverConstraint.h.
| Enumerator | |
|---|---|
| BT_SOLVER_CONTACT_1D | |
| BT_SOLVER_FRICTION_1D |
Definition at line 65 of file btSolverConstraint.h.
| btSolverConstraint::BT_DECLARE_ALIGNED_ALLOCATOR | ( | ) |
| union { ... } |
| btVector3 btSolverConstraint::m_angularComponentA |
Definition at line 40 of file btSolverConstraint.h.
| btVector3 btSolverConstraint::m_angularComponentB |
Definition at line 41 of file btSolverConstraint.h.
|
mutable |
Definition at line 44 of file btSolverConstraint.h.
|
mutable |
Definition at line 43 of file btSolverConstraint.h.
| btScalar btSolverConstraint::m_cfm |
Definition at line 49 of file btSolverConstraint.h.
| btVector3 btSolverConstraint::m_contactNormal1 |
Definition at line 35 of file btSolverConstraint.h.
| btVector3 btSolverConstraint::m_contactNormal2 |
Definition at line 38 of file btSolverConstraint.h.
| btScalar btSolverConstraint::m_friction |
Definition at line 46 of file btSolverConstraint.h.
| int btSolverConstraint::m_frictionIndex |
Definition at line 61 of file btSolverConstraint.h.
| btScalar btSolverConstraint::m_jacDiagABInv |
Definition at line 47 of file btSolverConstraint.h.
| btScalar btSolverConstraint::m_lowerLimit |
Definition at line 51 of file btSolverConstraint.h.
| int btSolverConstraint::m_numRowsForNonContactConstraint |
Definition at line 57 of file btSolverConstraint.h.
| void* btSolverConstraint::m_originalContactPoint |
Definition at line 55 of file btSolverConstraint.h.
| int btSolverConstraint::m_overrideNumSolverIterations |
Definition at line 60 of file btSolverConstraint.h.
| btVector3 btSolverConstraint::m_relpos1CrossNormal |
Definition at line 34 of file btSolverConstraint.h.
| btVector3 btSolverConstraint::m_relpos2CrossNormal |
Definition at line 37 of file btSolverConstraint.h.
| btScalar btSolverConstraint::m_rhs |
Definition at line 48 of file btSolverConstraint.h.
| btScalar btSolverConstraint::m_rhsPenetration |
Definition at line 53 of file btSolverConstraint.h.
| int btSolverConstraint::m_solverBodyIdA |
Definition at line 62 of file btSolverConstraint.h.
| int btSolverConstraint::m_solverBodyIdB |
Definition at line 63 of file btSolverConstraint.h.
| btScalar btSolverConstraint::m_unusedPadding4 |
Definition at line 56 of file btSolverConstraint.h.
| btScalar btSolverConstraint::m_upperLimit |
Definition at line 52 of file btSolverConstraint.h.


--- status: publish layout: page title: Central Utah (CUUG) author: display_name: Zach Beck email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>tags: [] categories: [] published: false date: 2011-09-19 10:32:17 -0600 ---
Central Utah User Group (CUUG) members are made up of state, local, and federal agencies, and private organizations throughout Juab, Millard, Piute, Sanpete, Sevier, and Wayne Counties. CUUG focuses on professional development in GIS, discussing technical issues, and sharing GIS information. New members are always welcome! For more information, please contact the Chair, Jason Anderson<EMAIL_ADDRESS>CUUG meets quarterly on the 4th Thursday of January, March, June, and September in Richfield, Utah.
The next CUUG meeting will be held on January 23rd, 2014 at the BLM Richfield Field Office.


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PDF page too.
This can be done by overriding the Render method of the ASP.NET page,
getting the HTML string that would be normally rendered in a browser and converting that HTML string to PDF.


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Vergennes Laundry
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Images from #vergenneslaundry Instagram and the New York Times
©Lizzie Gooding 2016.


Hard word in sentences with it's meaning.
1.When going to church, one should dress in a chaste manner.
meaning:-chaste: चवदार : virginal, virgin
2.A ten-minute timeout is not enough to chasten the rebellious young boy.
meaning:-chasten: शिस्त लावणे : subdue, humble
3.The boy’s friends laughed at him when he took a chastity pledge and promised to not have sex.
meaning:-chastity: शुद्धता : celibacy, chasteness
4.A slave was once considered to be an owner’s chattel.
meaning:-chattel: छप्पर : movable, chattel, personal chattel
5.The excited children continued their chatter even though they were supposed to be asleep.
meaning:-chatter: किलबिल : chat, talk, gossip


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CareShare
Dosage:
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Frequency:
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How is this medication taken?
Oral
Topical
Respiratory (Inhalation)
Ophthalmic (Eyes)
Nasal
Auricular (Ear)
Vaginal
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Reminders


Sorting Methods!
February 22nd, 2016
In this particular case, I will be talking about three specific methods, Bubble sort, Quicksort, and Merge sort.
Bubble Sort
I'm a strong believer in visuals so to commence...
As the visual is showing, the Bubble sort compares through each pair all the way to the end. If not fully sorted, will start over.
The quickest and most efficient method is desirable so how does this sorting method fare compare to others? Fares okay when the amount of numbers to sort is small. Big amounts of numbers, no.
Quicksort
No, its not a typo. Its spelled 'Quicksort'.
Quicksort acts like a partitioning type of method where it divides numbers into a low and high sections. It will pick the last number and move numbers to the left and right based on the relation to the number picked. In this image, the last number is four. Eight, nine, five, and seven are moved to the right since they are higher. The numbers are then divided for further sorting.
Again, the last number is picked. Two is 'last' and three is moved to the right which sorts that area. On the right-hand side of the four, the numbers are sorted a little further. Once all the partitions are sorted, the job is complete.
Quicksort is faster and saves space (in-place sorting) while Merge sort, which I will discuss next, requires space to run its calculations. However, there are times when Merge sort will be the preferred method, as when there are an inordinate amounts of numbers.
Merge Sort
A Merge Sort is a "divide and conquer" sort of method. It divides the amount of numbers into the smallest amount (one) and then compares itself with its neighbors to know where to go in the next step. Proceed with viewing the gif below.
Merge sort fares very well even with large amounts of numbers. In fact, in the worst case where sorting is not easy, it still performs 39% fewer comparisons than Quicksort!


Consider the following code:: // Write the digits of the number, stacked vertically. // If number is negative, then a negative sign appears on top. void superWriteVertical(int number) { if (number < 0) { System.out.println("-"); superWriteVertical(-number); } else if (number < 10) System.out.println(number); else { superWriteVertical(number / 10); System.out.println(number % 10); } } Which call will result in the most recursive calls?
There is a call for any negative sign, and for each digit


Harry Styles 'has no regrets about making a dig at Zayn Malik'
Harry Styles doesn’t regret making a dig at Zayn Malik during his Saturday Night Live opening monologue.
The Watermelon Sugar singer hosted (and sang) on the NBC sketch show for the first time and immediately joked about Zayn when talking about his One Direction pals.
A source told Hollywood Life: ‘Harry knew what he was getting into when he was joking about Zayn.
‘There has been issues with Zayn with all of the guys for a long time and this joke was simply innocent fun tinged with some reality.
‘Zayn has always been difficult, so to do that joke was on purpose and Harry doesn’t regret it.’
During his opening monologue, the 25-year-old joked: ‘I love those guys. They’re my brothers. Niall, Liam, Louis… and, uh, Ringo. Yeah, that’s it.’
Considering Zayn hasn’t kept in contact with his former band mates since being the first to leave four years ago, the joke was a relief to hear.
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Harry referenced legendary Beatles drummer Ringo Starr as he was also the first member of the group to leave back in 1968.
Twins.
‘As much as fans of One Direction might be mad, Harry is not worrying about it and doesn’t expect the joke to come back and haunt him,’ the source revealed. ‘The guys in the band are all in different parts of their life right now, they aren’t getting back together anytime soon or at all.
‘So Harry wanted to do the joke and he will move on with it, if there is a response from Zayn so be it but he is not stressing on it too much.’
Zayn did call One Direction ‘generic as f***’ at one point, so we wouldn’t stress too much either.
Harry put every Directioner back in their feels as he starred in most of the sketches, sporting numerous wigs and wonderful blue and pink painted nails.
How can we not stan?
He stirred all kinds of nostalgia for the summer with his sweet new track Watermelon Sugar, which could easily have been a bop for the warmer months.
Only Harry can get away with releasing a summer song during from his forthcoming album Fine Line
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Watermelon Sugar sees Harry lusting after a former love with lyrics including: ‘Tastes like strawberries on a summer evenin’, and it sounds just like a song / I want more berries and that summer feelin’, It’s so wonderful and warm.’
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