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CWP No. 12123 of 2020 - 1- 107 IN THE HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB AND HARYANA AT CHANDIGARH CWP No. 12123 of 2020 Date of decision: 26.08.2020 M/s Muskan Trading Company ...Petitioner Versus State of Haryana and another ...Respondents Coram: Hon'ble Mr. Justice Rakesh Kumar Jain Hon'ble Mr. Justice Ashok Kumar Verma Present: Mr. Ashish Aggarwal, Advocate with Ms. Malika Aggarwal, Advocate for the petitioner. Mr. Ankur Mittal, Additional Advocate General, Haryana. ... Rakesh Kumar Jain, J. (Oral)
Case taken up through Video Conferencing.
The petitioner has prayed for the issuance of a writ in the nature of certiorari to quash the impugned order dated 06.08.2020 passed by respondent No.2.
In brief, the petitioner, a proprietorship firm, had applied for a licence under the provisions of the Haryana Regulation and Control of Crushers Act, 1991 (for short 'the Act') from the Department of Mines and Geology for running a stone crusher situated in village Baded, District Nuh. The petitioner was initially granted licence to operate the stone crusher owned by it from 26.03.2010 to 25.03.2013. Thereafter, the petitioner applied for renewal of licence w.e.f. 26.03.2016 to 25.03.2019, was granted vide order No.Glg/Hy/SC/GGN/L-417 dated 22.09.2016 which was to expire on 25.03.2019. The licence was issued to the petitioner with the following conditions.
1 of 11 ::: Downloaded on - 03-09-2020 23:26:06 ::: CWP No. 12123 of 2020 - 2- "(a) The licensee shall observe the provisions of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and the rules and notifications framed or issued there under. The licensee shall submit annual consent of Haryana State Pollution Control Board regularly.
(b) The licensee shall not pay wages less than the minimum wages prescribed by the Central or State Government from time to time under the Minimum Wages Act, 1948, to the works employed in the crushing operations.
(c) The licensee shall restore to the extent possible flora, if destroyed, by the crushing operations and shall plant trees around the periphery of the crusher to the satisfaction of the Director.
(d) The licensee shall immediately report to the Deputy Commissioner and Assistant Mining Engineer or Mining Officer of the district concerned about any accident which may take place during the course of crushing operations resulting in serious bodily injury.
(e) The license shall indemnify the State Government against the claims of the third party."
Counsel for the petitioner has submitted that the stone crusher was inspected on 05.07.2018 by Central Empowered Committee (CEC) constituted by the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the Writ Petition (C) No. 467 of 2014- Bandhua Mukti Morcha Vs. Union of India. As per report of the CEC, the stone crusher was found being run by M/s Shiv Grit Suppliers in its own name but without a valid licence. The Director/respondent No.2 served a show cause notice dated 12.07.2018 to the petitioner, to which reply was filed by the petitioner on 17.07.2018, in which, it was categorically averred that the stone crusher is owned by the petitioner but it was let out to M/s Shiv Grit Suppliers, Village Jirahera, District Bharatpur 2 of 11 ::: Downloaded on - 03-09-2020 23:26:06 ::: CWP No. 12123 of 2020 - 3- (Rajasthan) by way of Rent Deed which came into force w.e.f. 01.07.2017 and was valid till 30.06.2022. The said Rent Deed was cancelled when the petitioner came to know that it has committed a mistake of letting out its stone crusher to an entity having no licence for operating/running the stone crusher. The issue regarding the cancellation of the licence of the petitioner, after receiving the reply to the show cause notice was decided by the Director, Mines and Geology, Haryana vide its order dated 04.09.2018 in which he had categorically found that the tenant i.e. M/s Shiv Grit Suppliers had obtained separate Tin/GST number and paid tax as per law and it was no where observed by respondent No.2 that the tenant had been using the licence of the petitioner for the purpose of operating/running the stone crusher. The relevant portion of the order passed by respondent No.2 on 20.09.2018 is reproduced as under:-
"13. After hearing, their submission and having gone through the written submissions/documents, it is clear that it is a case of mistake on the part of M/s Muskan Trading Co. by permitting to run the crusher by M/s Shiv Grit Suppliers on the strength of crusher license granted in their favour. As they have now corrected the status by canceling the rent agreement and undertaking the operations themselves, they have remedy the admitted breech . Hence, it is ordered that the suspension of crushing operations be revoked and they may commence their operations strictly in accordance with law / permission under stone crusher licence.
14. However at the same time as per Section 3 of the Stone Crusher Act, 1991, no persons shall run the crusher in the state without having a stone crusher licence. The stone crusher at said site was operated by M/s Shiv Grit Suppliers without having a stone crusher licence. Hence, it is a clear violation of Section 3 of the Stone Crusher Act, 1991. Even further M/s Muskan Trading Company, Village Baded, Tehsil 3 of 11 ::: Downloaded on - 03-09-2020 23:26:06 ::: CWP No. 12123 of 2020 - 4- Firozepur Jhirka, District Nuh by letting out the crushing and permitting running of crusher on the strength of crusher licence granted to them facilitated M/s Shiv Grit Suppliers in carrying out said volition. Hence, both of them are liable for penal action under Law of court.
15. You are aware that the Section 12 of the Crusher Act, 1991 provides that whoever contravenes any of the provisions of the Section 3 of the Crusher Act, 1991 shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years and shall also be liable to a fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees. The action fort such violation can be taken by the Hon'ble Court upon a complaint filed in writing by Director or an officer authorized by him. The powers for filing complaint for the offence committed by any persons under Section 3 read with Section 12 of Crusher Act, 1991 has been delegated to the Assistant Mining Engineer/ Assistant Geologist/Mining Officer posted in the district level on 16.03.194.
16. Accordingly, you are directed to immediate file a complaint before the Civil Court, Nuh against M/s Shiv Grit Supplier village Jilahera Tehsil Pahari District Bhartput Rajasthan through partner Sh. Mukesh Chand Sharma S/o Sh. Ram Gopal Sharma R/o 139/1, Maniram Vas-3, Kosi Kalan, Tehsil Chata District Mathura Uttar Pradesh for operating the crusher without having obtained stone crusher licence as required under 3 of Stone Crusher Act, 1991 and also against M/s Muskan Trading Company village Baded, District Nuh a proprietorship firm through Sh. Rahis Khan S/o Sh. Ajmat Khan R/o village Baded Tehsil Punhana District Nuh, Haryana for facilitating M/s Shiv Grit Supplier in operation of the crusher by letting out the crusher for which stone crusher license was granted to them.
17. Further, you are also directed to ensure that M/s Muskan Trading Commpany Village Baded, District Nuh shall be allowed to resume its operation subject to condition that 4 of 11 ::: Downloaded on - 03-09-2020 23:26:06 ::: CWP No. 12123 of 2020 - 5- strict compliance of the related provisions/law shall be ensured and subject to outcome of complaint proposed to be filed as above."
As a result of the aforesaid order, the Mining Officer, Gurugram/Nuh filed a complaint under Section 12 of the Act for violation of Section 3 of the Act, before the Illaqa Magistrate, District Nuh, which is pending. It is pertinent to mention that the order of respondent No.2 dated 20.09.2018 which was though appealable under Section 10 (2) of the Act was not challenged by the respondent either by an appeal or by invoking the extraordinary jurisdiction of this Court under Article 226 of the Constitution of India and the said order has attained finality. Since the mistake committed by the petitioner was rectified, therefore, the petitioner had again applied for renewal of the licence which was granted by respondent No.2 vide order dated 11.06.2019 w.e.f. 26.03.2019 to 25.03.2022 on the same terms and conditions on which it was earlier granted. Thereafter again, a show cause notice was issued on 20.12.2019 to the petitioner for the same act and conduct much less the alleged violation of the licence by letting out the premises of the stone crusher to an entity having no valid licence to operate.
Counsel for the petitioner has submitted that before any reply could have been filed, the respondent No.2 has passed the impugned order dated 30.07.2020 by which the licence issued to the petitioner has been cancelled and aggrieved against the said order, the present petition has been filed.
It is submitted that the petitioner has not violated the terms and conditions of the licence and in this regard he has referred to Rule 5 of the Rules which is reproduced as under:-
5 of 11 ::: Downloaded on - 03-09-2020 23:26:06 ::: CWP No. 12123 of 2020 - 6- "Rule 5. Terms and conditions of a licence Section 3.- (1) Every licence shall be subject to the following terms and conditions:-
(a) A licensee shall observe the provisions of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and the rules and notification framed or issued thereunder:-
(b) the licencee shall not pay wages less than the minimum wages prescribed by the Central or State Government from time to time under the Minimum Wages Act, 1948, to the workers employed in the crushing operations;
(c) the licencee shall restore to the extent possible flora, if destroyed, by the crushing operations and shall plant trees around the periphery of the crusher to the satisfaction of the Director:
(d) the licensee shall immediately report to the Deputy Commissioner and Assistant Mining Engineer or Mining Officer of the district concerned about any accident which may take place during the course of crushing operations resulting in serious bodily injury; and
(e) the licensee shall indemnify the State Government against the claims of the third party.
(2) The Director may impose any such further conditions as he may deem fit.
(3) If the licensee commits a breach of any conditions, the Director shall give notice to the licensee requiring him to remedy to breach9es) within 30 days from the date of receipt of the notice and if the breach is not remedied within such period, the Director may without prejudice to any proceedings that may be taken against the licensee cancel the licence."
It is submitted that as per Section 3 of the Act, no person shall 6 of 11 ::: Downloaded on - 03-09-2020 23:26:06 ::: CWP No. 12123 of 2020 - 7- install or run any crusher in any area within the State of Haryana unless he obtains a licence or gets his licence renewed from the Director under the Act on such terms and conditions as may be prescribed. He further submits that Section 4 of the Act deals with the grant or refusal of a licence and Section 12 provides that in case of violation of any of the provisions of Section 3 of the Act, the violator shall be punished with imprisonment for a terms which may extend to two years and shall also be liable to pay a fine to the extent of `10,000/-. He further argued that the power to grant licence or its refusal is provided under Rule 4 and terms and conditions of the licence is provided under Rule 5. Counsel for the petitioner has argued that Rule 5 has three parts i.e. Rule 5(I) licence has to be issued subject to the terms and conditions mentioned in the said provision; Rule 5 (2) the Director has been given powers to impose any other conditions to under Rule 5(I) and Rule 5(3) in case the licensee commits a breach of any condition, the Director may cancel the licence but before cancelling the licence, he shall have to issue notice to the licensee requiring him to remedy the breach within 30 days from the date of receipt of the notice and if the breach is not remedied within such period, then the licence can be cancelled. It is argued that in the present case, firstly, letting out of the stone crusher to an entity having no licence to operate/ run the stone crusher was not a condition of the licence which could have been otherwise laid down by the Director, in terms of Rule 5(2), if it was not provided in the rules in terms of Rule 5(I) and secondly, the petitioner had rectified the breach of letting out the premises to an entity having no licence, within 30 days from the date of receipt of show cause notice by cancellation of the rent deed executed in favour of its tenant i.e. M/s Shiv Grit Suppliers. It is 7 of 11 ::: Downloaded on - 03-09-2020 23:26:06 ::: CWP No. 12123 of 2020 - 8- also submitted that once there was no breach, the Director could not have initiated the proceedings again as it had no jurisdiction much less the power to review its earlier decision.
He has relied upon the decision of this Court in the case of Gurjinder Singh and another Vs. State of Punjab and another, 2016(3) R.C.R. (Civil) 342; and the decision of Hon'ble Supreme Court in Assistant Commissioner, Income Tax, Rajkot Vs. Saurashtra Kutch Stock Exchange Ltd., 2008 (14) SCC 171 and Kalabharati Advertising Vs. Hemant Vimalnath Narichania and others, 2011(1) R.C.R. (Civil) 216; in support of his submissions.
On the other hand, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the respondent has submitted that the licence was given to the petitioner to run the stone crusher owned by him and it could not have let it out to somebody not holding a valid licence which is required in terms of Section 3 of the Act. The petitioner knew that the tenant will operate the stone crusher in his own name. It is submitted that the action has been taken because of an information by the CEC appointed in terms of the order passed by the Supreme Court in the Bandhua Mukti Morcha's case (supra). However, he could not deny that there was no condition in the licence that if the petitioner lets out his premises to an entity having no licence to operate then his licence shall be cancelled. He also could not deny that the order passed by the Director, Mines and Geology Department, Haryana on 20.09.2018 (Annexure P-7) rectifying the mistake committed by the petitioner was open to challenge by way of an appeal or even by way of a writ petition but no such proceedings were carried out and the said order was allowed to become final. He also could not deny that after the dispute between the parties had 8 of 11 ::: Downloaded on - 03-09-2020 23:26:06 ::: CWP No. 12123 of 2020 - 9- already came to an end by the order dated 20.09.2018 (Annexure P-7), the same authority had no jurisdiction to review its earlier order to start proceedings de novo specially when the power of review is not conferred upon it by the statute.
We have heard counsel for the parties and perused the record with their able assistance.
The first question which requires consideration as to whether a licence issued under Section 3 of the Act can be cancelled under Rules 5(3) of the Rules if there is no breach of condition on the part of the licensee? In the present case, the licence was issued to the petitioner with the conditions mentioned under Rule 5 (1). It is an admitted case that the petitioner did not violate any of the conditions mentioned in Rule 5 (1). It is also an admitted position that the Director / respondent No.2, who though had the jurisdiction to impose further conditions at the time of issuance of licence but in the present case, there is no such condition imposed by respondent No.2 that in case the licensee lets out the premises (stone crusher) to a tenant who does not have a valid licence issued under Section 3 of the Act then the licence issued to the licensee shall be cancelled. Thus, in view thereof, the first question is hereby decided to the effect that if the licensee has not violated the conditions imposed under Rule 5(I) of the Rules then his licence cannot be cancelled. The second question would be as to whether a licencee commits a breach of condition which is imposed under Rule 5(I) and remedy the breach within a period of 30 days of the issuance of notice by the Director, whether the Director would still have the jurisdiction to cancel the licence? A plain and simple reading of Rule 5(3) is the answer to this question in which it is provided that licensee to 9 of 11 ::: Downloaded on - 03-09-2020 23:26:06 ::: CWP No. 12123 of 2020 - 10- whom the licence has been given with certain conditions may breach some of the conditions but the scheme of the rules provides that if a show cause notice is given or breach committed by the licensee is brought to its notice by the Director and licensee rectifies the breach or remedy it within a period of 30 days from the date of receipt of notice then its licence cannot be cancelled. In the present case, show cause notice was given to the petitioner, intimating it that it had let out the premises (stone crusher) to an entity as a tenant, having no valid licence issued under Section 3 of the Act to operate. As soon as the petitioner came to know about its mistake, it cancelled the lease executed in favour of its tenant and retrieved the possession of the stone crusher from him and did not allow him to operate any further. In such circumstances, the Director had no jurisdiction to cancel the licence. The third question would be as to whether the order dated 20.09.2018 (Annexure P-7) passed by the Director, allowing the remedy of the breach, if any, and in the meantime, on 11.06.2019, licence of the petitioner was further renewed from 26.03.2019 to 25.03.2022 by the Director, himself, the said order can be challenged by reopening the same issue?
In this regard, we are of the considered opinion that the doctrine of finality of the order shall apply to this case because the order was open to challenge by way of an appeal or by way of a writ petition before this Court but the respondent did not choose to challenge the order dated 20.09.2018 which had become final between the parties. The next question shall be as to whether respondent No.2 has acted beyond his jurisdiction in reopening of the case in the garb of review? It is well-settled that power of review is not inherent. In this regard, the judgments relied 10 of 11 ::: Downloaded on - 03-09-2020 23:26:06 ::: CWP No. 12123 of 2020 - 11- upon by the counsel for the petitioner, referred herein above, are applicable and therefore, we hold that if the authorities do not have the statutory power of review, it cannot review its own order by exercising inherent power. The last question would be as to whether the petitioner has a remedy of an appeal in terms of the provisions of Section 10 of the Act? In this regard, counsel for the petitioner has submitted that though the remedy is there but the said remedy is useless because the appeal shall lie before the Secretary of the Department, whereas, the impugned order has been passed by respondent No.2 after taking his approval.
Thus, we are of the considered opinion that in such circumstances, the writ petition filed by the petitioner is maintainable. Hence, in view of the above discussion, the writ petition is allowed and the impugned order dated 06.08.2020 (Annexure P-11) is hereby quashed though without any costs.
[ RAKESH KUMAR JAIN] JUDGE [ASHOK KUMAR VERMA] JUDGE 26.08.2020 hemlata Whether speaking / reasoned : Yes/No Whether reportable : Yes/No 11 of 11 ::: Downloaded on - 03-09-2020 23:26:06 :::


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This website contains some great images of the rock band Boston. There is also some fascianting lorem ipsum to read which will tell you about the inspiration behind their songs
This was to test out some key bootstrap themes and classes. Used the styling to organize and outline the concepts I learned over the first week of class at Epicodus
First demonstration of making a responsive website using media querey. Change the size of the screen after you open the HTML file in your web browser.
Made a lovely page showcasing the before and after images after an interior decorator worked their magic. The focus of this project was to create and style columns using CSS and HTML
More coming soon!
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Tesla's new Cybertruck might be able to turn into a 'Cybercamper' with a tent for sleeping in the back, Business Insider - Business Insider Singapore
by Mary Meisenzahl, Business Insider US- Tesla on Thursday night revealed the Cybertruck, its new six-person pickup truck.
- The electric truck ranges in price between $39,990 and $76,900, and production is planned to begin by the end of 2021.
- The vehicle’s specs and a rendering of the truck at a campsite with tent and cooking add-ons have some Tesla fans speculating that a ‘Cybercamper’ may one day be possible.
- Visit Business Insider’s homepage for more stories.
Tesla Cybertruck’s controversial style and decked out armor-like exterior and towing capability seem like overkill for everyday driving, but they could be perfect for camping just about anywhere.
During the presentation, Tesla emphasized that the Cybertruck is “completely adaptable for your needs.” The company is marketing the truck as the best of a truck and a sports car, but information on its website hints at other future possibilities.
The most expensive edition of the Cybertruck has 100 cubic feet of storage space, which would be useful for camping gear.
Tesla’s renderings at least show that the company is thinking about the possibility of a camper conversion, with one image showing a tent attached over the truck bed and what appears to be cooking attachments on the tailgate.
Tesla fans have shown an interest in converting their electric vehicles into more comfortable places to sleep in the past. Dreamcase sells mattresses designed for specific car models, designed to “transform your car into a luxury double bed.” It already sells mattresses for three current Tesla models.
Regardless of whether Tesla releases more information about possible camper conversions, the Cybertruck design already has the ability to tow an RV. The Cybertruck has a towing capacity of up to 14,000 lbs, which is more than enough to tow even the heaviest Airstream on the market.


--- redirect_from: /docs/1.0.0-alpha.3/classes/url.urlrouterprovider.html ---
Indicates whether to defer location change interception. Passing
no parameter is equivalent to true
.
The url path you want to redirect to or a function
rule that returns the url path. The function version is passed two params:
$injector
and $location
services, and must return a url string.
$urlRouterProvider
- $urlRouterProvider
instance
Handler function that takes $injector
and $location
services as arguments. You can use them to return a valid path as a string.
$urlRouterProvider
- $urlRouterProvider
instance
The incoming path that you want to redirect.
The path you want to redirect your user to.
Generated using TypeDoc
object
ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider
ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactoryProvider
$locationProvider
$urlRouterProvider
has the responsibility of watching$location
. When$location
changes it runs through a list of rules one by one until a match is found.$urlRouterProvider
is used behind the scenes anytime you specify a url in a state configuration. All urls are compiled into a UrlMatcher object.There are several methods on
$urlRouterProvider
that make it useful to use directly in your module config.


Simple Markdown editing tools that works!
Bootstrap-Markdown designed to be easily integrated with your bootstrap project. It exposes useful API that allow you to fully hook-in into the plugin
Markup
Switch regular textarea within your form into Bootstrap-Markdown editor seamlessly by adding data-provide="markdown"
attribute
Code
<form> <input name="title" type="text" placeholder="Title?" /> <textarea name="content" data-provide="markdown" rows="10"></textarea>  <input name="publish" type="checkbox"> Publish
 <button type="submit" class="btn">Submit</button> </form>
Result
Inline editing with Bootstrap-Markdown is done by adding data-provide="markdown-editable"
attribute
Code

This is some editable heading

Well, actually all contents within this "markdown-editable" context is really editable. Just click anywhere!

Result
This is some editable heading
Well, actually all contents within this "markdown-editable" context is really editable. Just click anywhere!
Usage
Beside using above data-attributes, you could call it via code
$("#some-textarea").markdown({autofocus:false,savable:false})
Noted that Bootstrap-Markdown could be used as a standalone input (without any form). Set savable
parameter to true
will do the job. Options can be passed via data attributes or via code. Available options are:
| Option Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
autofocus
|
boolean |
Indicates that editor will focused after instantiated. Default to false |
savable
|
boolean |
Indicates that editor will have save button and action. Default to false |
hideable
|
boolean |
If set to true then the editor will be hidden on blur event. Default to false |
width
|
mixed |
The editor width. Default to inherit . You could supply any numerical value (that will be set as css), or supply valid Bootstrap class (something like span2 ) |
height
|
mixed |
The editor height. Default to inherit |
resize
|
string |
Option to disable or change the resize property, possible values none ,both ,horizontal ,vertical . Default none If this option is enabled, the user will be able to resize the editor and preview screen.
Browser support
This is currently only supported on limited browsers. See Can you run it: Resize for all supported browsers |
iconlibrary
|
string |
The icon library to use. Glyphicons (glyph ), Font Awesome (fa ) and Octicons (octicons ) are supported. In order to use Font Awesome properly, you'll need to include Font Awesome stylesheet yourself. Also for use Octicons, follow instructions here. Default to glyph |
language
|
string |
Localization setting. Default to en |
footer
|
mixed |
Footer dom. Can be string or callback. Default is empty string |
fullscreen
|
object |
Contains enable (bool ) and icons (object ) keys. |
hiddenButtons
|
mixed |
Array or string of button names to be hidden. Default is empty string |
disabledButtons
|
mixed |
Array or string of button names to be disabled. Default is empty string |
dropZoneOptions
|
object |
Enables integration with DropZone for allowing file upload/linking via drag&drop. The options are directly passed to the DropZone library. Valid options are described here |
Some examples
Custom width using data-width="400"
attribute
Hidden buttons using data-hidden-buttons="cmdBold"
attribute
Hideable on blur using data-hideable="true"
attribute
Savable using data-savable="true"
attribute
Select Font Awesome icons instead of Glyphicons (requires Font Awesome stylesheet) using data-iconlibrary="fa"
DropZone
Enables integration with DropZone for allowing file upload/linking via drag&drop. The options are directly passed to the DropZone library. Valid options are described here
Code
Dropzone.autoDiscover = false; $("[data-provide=markdown-editor]").markdown({ iconlibrary: "fa", autofocus:false, dropZoneOptions:Dropzone.options = { clickable: false,//to be clickable to select files acceptedFiles:'image/*', paramName: "img", // The name that will be used to transfer the file maxFilesize: 2, // MB url: "uploader.php", addedfile: function(file) { //This is an example of completely disabling Dropzone's default behavior. }, });
Result
Events/Hook
There are six main events within Bootstrap-Markdown lifecycle : onShow
, onPreview
, onChange
, onSave
, onFocus
and onBlur
. Heres an example to hook into those events via code:
Code
$("#target-editor").markdown({ savable:true, onShow: function(e){ alert("Showing " +e.$textarea.prop("tagName").toLowerCase() +"#" +e.$textarea.attr("id") +" as Markdown Editor...") }, onPreview: function(e) { var previewContent if (e.isDirty()) { var originalContent = e.getContent() previewContent = "Prepended text here..." + "\n" + originalContent + "\n" +"Apended text here..." } else { previewContent = "Default content" } return previewContent }, onSave: function(e) { alert("Saving '"+e.getContent()+"'...") }, onChange: function(e){ console.log("Changed!") }, onFocus: function(e) { alert("Focus triggered!") }, onBlur: function(e) { alert("Blur triggered!") } })
Result
Editor Panel
Bootstrap-Markdown panel could be easily extended to suit your own specific needs. You can just set additionalButtons
param, with your own buttons group. Heres an example to add button group into editor panel
Code
$("#target-editor-with-custom-buttons").markdown({ additionalButtons: [ [{ name: "groupCustom", data: [{ name: "cmdBeer", toggle: true, // this param only take effect if you load bootstrap.js title: "Beer", icon: "glyphicon glyphicon-glass", callback: function(e){ // Replace selection with some drinks var chunk, cursor, selected = e.getSelection(), content = e.getContent(), drinks = ["Heinekken", "Budweiser", "Iron City", "Amstel Light", "Red Stripe", "Smithwicks", "Westvleteren", "Sierra Nevada", "Guinness", "Corona", "Calsberg"], index = Math.floor((Math.random()*10)+1) // Give random drink chunk = drinks[index] // transform selection and set the cursor into chunked text e.replaceSelection(chunk) cursor = selected.start // Set the cursor e.setSelection(cursor,cursor+chunk.length) } }] }] ] })
Result
With robust options and hooks available, you can also tweak the editor to fully suit with your needs. Here is an example to create a twitter input, markdown way...
Result
Localization
Bootstrap-Markdown language
option provides a convenient way of retrieving strings in various languages, allowing you to easily support multiple languages within your application.
First, you need to include the language message, for example you can have bellow lines :
;(function($){ $.fn.markdown.messages['fr'] = { 'Bold': "Gras", 'Italic': "Italique", 'Heading': "Titre", 'URL/Link': "Insérer un lien HTTP", 'Image': "Insérer une image", 'List': "Liste à puces", 'Preview': "Prévisualiser", 'strong text': "texte important", 'emphasized text': "texte souligné", 'heading text': "texte d'entête", 'enter link description here': "entrez la description du lien ici", 'Insert Hyperlink': "Insérez le lien hypertexte", 'enter image description here': "entrez la description de l'image ici", 'Insert Image Hyperlink': "Insérez le lien hypertexte de l'image", 'enter image title here': "entrez le titre de l'image ici", 'list text here': "texte à puce ici" }; }(jQuery))
Afterward, just set the language
to use defined locale code
Code
$("#target-editor-with-custom-language").markdown({language:'fr'})
Result
API
As you may already notice by now, all hook would passed Editor instance (declared as e
in all above examples). It means you could easily use its API to interact with the editor for any purposes. Heres the complete list of Bootstrap-Markdown APIs.
| Method Name | Description |
|---|---|
showEditor()
|
Toggle on the editor visibility |
showPreview()
|
Toggle on the preview visibility |
hidePreview()
|
Toggle off the editor visibility |
isDirty()
|
Check the editor content state, return true if the original content was changed |
getContent()
|
Get the editor content |
parseContent()
|
Get the parsed editor content |
setContent(string content)
|
Set the editor content |
findSelection(string words)
|
Find some words/sentence within the editor and returned selection object(containing word position and other useful information). |
getSelection()
|
Get the current selected chunk of words within the editor. |
setSelection(int start, int end)
|
Tell the editor to select a span of words from start to end . |
replaceSelection(string content)
|
Replace the current selected chunk of words within the editor with any content. |
getNextTab()
|
Get the next tab memory. Returned selection object(containing word position and other useful information). |
setNextTab(int start, int end)
|
Tell the editor to select a span of words from start to end at next tab keypress event. |
enableButtons(string name)
|
Enabled a button by name that described in buttons or additionalButtons arrays. Passing all will enabled all buttons. |
disableButtons(string name)
|
Disabled a button by name that described in buttons or additionalButtons arrays. Passing all will disabled all buttons. |
showButtons(string name)
|
Show a button by name that described in buttons or additionalButtons arrays. |
hideButtons(string name)
|
Hide a button by name that described in buttons or additionalButtons arrays. |
Altought the primary purpose of this plugin is to provide Markdown editor, the design is allowing the plugin to be used as a general purpose editor.
The preview functionalities and html to markdown conversion are provided by 3rd party codes : markdown-js, marked (default failover if markdown-js lib not available) and to-markdown. Without them, this plugin would still work and convert the content as-is, so you could easily modify those functionalities yourself via available hooks.
Optionally, you could also support hotkeys by simply including jquery.hotkeys.js (default buttons has already default hotkeys).


Hack Club: C#
Day 1
A powerful open-source programming language by Microsoft built on the .Net Framework.
What is C#?
- C# is an open source object-oriented programming language made by Microsoft built on the .Net Framework.
- It is still being worked on to this day and is about to release version 9.0. The framework which it runs on is also about to hit version 5.0. This makes it a very mature language.
- It is very similar to Java with Microsoft making it at about the same time that Java was getting popular, so this makes it a great language to dive into after we learned Java!
Now to take a look at just how similar C# and Java are in syntax.
Java
public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Prints "Hello, World" to the terminal window.
System.out.println("Hello, World");
}
}
C#
using System;
namespace myApp
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("Hello World!");
}
}
}
Features of C#
-
It is modern as modern day
Because of its ever growing feature set and continous updates and improvements over time, every feature is very up to date. For example, a new official library for cross platform Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) is coming out this year called MAUI!
-
Cross Platform
Because of .Net Core, the framework C# runs on, you can write and compile its code on any platform and like mentioned before, an offcial cross platform GUI library is coming out with many third party solutions just as good if not better. It is also able to compile to Web Apps, iOS/Android Apps, Windows and Linux and MacOS apps, and with Unity most modern game consoles!
-
Provides Many Solutions
Like mentioned before, C# can make Native Windows Apps, Windows libraries, Windows Components, Windows Services, Web Apps, Web services and Web API, Native iOS and Android mobile apps, Backend services, Azure cloud applications and services, Backend database using ML/Data tools, Interoperability software such as Office, SharePoint, SQL Server, Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning, Blockchains and distributed ledger technology including cryptocurrency, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, Gaming consoles and gaming systems, Video games and MORE!
-
Very Popular
According to Stack Overflow, about 30% of Developers claim to use C# regularly, with it having the third biggest Stack Overflow community, also Stack Overflow is built using C# (ASP.NET). There are more than 5,000 jobs for C# advertised each month in jsut the United States. Many people can just pick up and learn C# because many parts of it just work and make sense but can also be a huge learning hole.
Time to learn the basics
Basic Data Types
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Text
string hello = "Hello!";
char ten = 'X';
// Numbers
int x = 10;
double pi = 3.14;
float smallerDouble = 5.75F;
long spoonLength = 100L;
bool isUsingCsharp = true;
}


The basic user interface of MLD2P4 consists of eight methods. The six methods init, set, build, hierarchy_build, smoothers_build and apply encapsulate all the functionalities for the setup and the application of any multilevel and one-level preconditioner implemented in the package. The method free deallocates the preconditioner data structure, while descr prints a description of the preconditioner setup by the user. For backward compatibility, methods are also accessible as stand-alone subroutines.
For each method, the same user interface is overloaded with respect to the real/ complex case and the single/double precision; arguments with appropriate data types must be passed to the method, i.e.,
A description of each method is given in the remainder of this section.


Enter the name of the variable to use the request data later.
Enter the JSON keys to search for. Add the variable name to pull from later.
Enter the headers with their values (if any)


Module signal
Simple signal / observer pattern implementation for Lua.
No dependency. Optional dependency: LÖVE to hook into LÖVE events.
The returned module also acts as a global SignalRegistry, so you can call the :bind
, :emit
, etc. methods directly on the module
if you don’t need to isolate your signals in separate registries.
Usage:
local signal = require("ubiquitousse.signal") -- Bind a function to a "hit" signal signal:bind("hit", function(enemy) print(enemy.." was hit!") end) -- Somewhere else in your code: will call every function bound to "hit" signal with "invader" argument signal:emit("hit", "invader") -- We also provides a predefined SignalRegistry (signal.event) which emit signals on LÖVE callbacks -- You can initialize it with: signal.registerEvents() signal.event:bind("update", function(dt) print("called every update") end) signal.event:bind("keypressed", function(key, scancode) print("pressed key "..key) end) -- etc., for every LÖVE callback
Module
| new () | Creates and return a new SignalRegistry. |
| group () | Creates and return a new SignalGroup. |
| event | SignalRegistry which will be used to bind signals that need to be called on LÖVE events; other ubiquitousse modules may bind to this registry if avaible. |
| registerEvents () | Call this function to hook signal.event signals to LÖVE events. |
SignalRegistry objects
| SignalRegistry.signals | Map of signals to list of listeners. |
| SignalRegistry.chained | List of registries chained to this registry. |
| SignalRegistry:bind (name, fn) | Bind a function to a signal name. |
| SignalRegistry:has (name, fn) | Returns true if fn is bound to the signal. |
| SignalRegistry:unbind (name, fn) | Unbind a function from a signal name. |
| SignalRegistry:unbindPattern (pat, fn) | Unbind a function from every signal whose name match the pattern. |
| SignalRegistry:clear (name) | Remove every bound function to a signal name. |
| SignalRegistry:clearPattern (pat) | Remove every bound function to every signal whose name match the pattern. |
| SignalRegistry:emit (name, ...) | Emit a signal, i.e. |
| SignalRegistry:emitPattern (pat, ...) | Emit to every signal whose name match the pattern. |
| SignalRegistry:chain (registry) | Chain another regsitry to this registry. |
| SignalRegistry:unchain (registry) | Unchain a specific registry from the registry chaining list. |
SignalGroup objects
| SignalGroup.paused | Indicate if the signal group if currently paused or not. |
| SignalGroup.binds | List of triplets in the group. |
| SignalGroup:bind (registry, name, fn) | Bind a function to a signal name in the given registry. |
| SignalGroup:clear () | Remove every bound triplet in the group. |
| SignalGroup:pause () | Pause the group. |
| SignalGroup:resume () | Resume the group. |
Module
- new ()
-
Creates and return a new SignalRegistry.
Returns:
- group ()
-
Creates and return a new SignalGroup.
Returns:
- event
-
SignalRegistry which will be used to bind signals that need to be called on LÖVE events; other ubiquitousse modules may bind to this registry
if avaible.
For example, every ubiquitousse module with a “update” function will bind it to the “update” signal in the registry; you can then call this signal on each game update to update every ubiquitousse module easily.
You will need to call registerEvents for the signal to be called on LÖVE callbacks automatically (otherwise you will have to emit the events from the LÖVE callbacks manually).
List of signals available: “displayrotated”, “draw”, “load”, “lowmemory”, “quit”, “update”, “directorydropped”, “filedropped”, “focus”, “mousefocus”, “resize”, “visible”, “keypressed”, “keyreleased”, “textedited”, “textinput”, “mousemoved”, “mousepressed”, “mousereleased”, “wheelmoved”, “gamepadaxis”, “gamepadpressed”, “gamepadreleased”, “joystickadded”, “joystickaxis”, “joystickhat”, “joystickpressed”, “joystickreleased”, “joystickremoved”, “touchmoved”, “touchpressed”, “touchreleased”.
Type:
SignalRegistry
- registerEvents ()
-
Call this function to hook signal.event signals to LÖVE events.
This means overriding every existing LÖVE callback. If a callback is already defined, the new one will call the old function along with the signal:emit.
Requires:
-
love
SignalRegistry objects
A SignalRegistry is a separate ubiquitousse.signal instance: its signals will be independant from other registries.
- SignalRegistry.signals
-
Map of signals to list of listeners.
Type:
{["name"]={fn,[fn]=1,...}}
- SignalRegistry.chained
-
List of registries chained to this registry.
Type:
{
registry, ... } - SignalRegistry:bind (name, fn)
-
Bind a function to a signal name.
Parameters:
- name string the name of the signal
- fn function the function to bind to the signal
- SignalRegistry:has (name, fn)
-
Returns true if fn is bound to the signal.
Parameters:
- name string the name of the signal
- fn function the function
- SignalRegistry:unbind (name, fn)
-
Unbind a function from a signal name.
Parameters:
- name string the name of the signal
- fn function the function to unbind to the signal
- SignalRegistry:unbindPattern (pat, fn)
-
Unbind a function from every signal whose name match the pattern.
Parameters:
- pat string Lua pattern string
- fn function the function to unbind to the signals
- SignalRegistry:clear (name)
-
Remove every bound function to a signal name.
Parameters:
- name string the name of the signal
- SignalRegistry:clearPattern (pat)
-
Remove every bound function to every signal whose name match the pattern.
Parameters:
- pat string Lua string pattern
- SignalRegistry:emit (name, ...)
-
Emit a signal, i.e. call every function bound to it, with the given arguments.
Parameters:
- name string the name of the signal
- ... arguments to pass to the functions bound to this signal
- SignalRegistry:emitPattern (pat, ...)
-
Emit to every signal whose name match the pattern.
Parameters:
- pat string Lua pattern string
- ... arguments to pass to the functions bound to each signal
- SignalRegistry:chain (registry)
-
Chain another regsitry to this registry.
I.e., after an event is emitted in this registry it will be automatically emitted in the other registry.
Several registries can be chained to a single registry.
Parameters:
- registry SignalRegistry
- SignalRegistry:unchain (registry)
-
Unchain a specific registry from the registry chaining list.
Will error if the regsitry is not in the chaining list.
Parameters:
- registry SignalRegistry
SignalGroup objects
A SignalGroup is a list of (registry, signal name, function) triplets. When the group is active, all of these triplets will bind the specified signal name to the specified function in the specified registry. When the group is paused, all of these triplets are unbound.
This can be used to maintain a list of signal bindings where every one should be either disabled or enabled at the same time. For example you may maintain a signal group of signals you want to be emitted when your game is running, and disabled when the game is paused (like inputs, update, simulation step, etc. signals).
- SignalGroup.paused
-
Indicate if the signal group if currently paused or not.
Type:
boolean
- SignalGroup.binds
-
List of triplets in the group.
Type:
{
{registry, "signal name", function}, ... } - SignalGroup:bind (registry, name, fn)
-
Bind a function to a signal name in the given registry.
This handles binding the function on its own; you do not need to call SignalRegistry:bind manually.
If the group is paused, this will not bind the function immediately but only on the next time this group is resumed (as expected).
Parameters:
- registry SignalRegistry to bind the signal in
- name string the name of the signal
- fn function the function to bind to the signal
- SignalGroup:clear ()
- Remove every bound triplet in the group.
- SignalGroup:pause ()
- Pause the group. The signals bound to this group will be disabled in their given registries.
- SignalGroup:resume ()
- Resume the group. The signals bound to this group will be enabled in their given registries.


Rating :
{{movie_details.description}}
Directed By : {{movie_details.director}}
Relese year : {{movie_details.releseYear}}
Language : {{movie_details.Language}}
Country : {{movie_details.Country}}


|
Amazing Mazes | ||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | ||||
| SUMMARY: INNER | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
java.lang.Object | +--java.awt.Component | +--java.awt.Container | +--java.awt.Panel | +--java.applet.Applet | +--MazeGen
MAZEGEN ******** main class; initializes applet panel, controls execution thread, handles UI events
| Inner classes inherited from class java.awt.Component |
java.awt.Component.AWTTreeLock |
| Field Summary | |
(package private) static java.awt.Color |
appletColor
|
(package private) static java.awt.Color |
backColor
|
(package private) static java.awt.Color |
bkgrndColor
|
private ControlPanel |
cp
|
(package private) static java.awt.Color |
endColor
|
protected java.awt.TextArea |
feedback
|
(package private) static java.awt.Color |
frameColor
|
private boolean |
isCycle
|
private boolean |
isGen
|
private boolean |
isSolve
|
private java.lang.Thread |
mazeThread
|
private MazeCanvas |
mc
|
private MazeCanvas[] |
mcArr
|
(package private) static int |
mcHeight
|
(package private) static int |
mcWidth
|
static java.lang.String[] |
MOUSE_NAME
|
private java.awt.Choice[] |
mouseSelArr
|
private Maze |
mz
|
private Maze[] |
mzArr
|
static int |
NUM_MAZES
|
(package private) static java.awt.Color |
panelColor
|
(package private) static java.awt.Color |
pathColor
|
(package private) static java.awt.Color |
startColor
|
private int |
testNum
|
(package private) static java.awt.Color |
wallColor
|
| Fields inherited from class java.applet.Applet |
serialVersionUID,
stub |
| Fields inherited from class java.awt.Panel |
base,
nameCounter,
serialVersionUID |
| Fields inherited from class java.awt.Container |
component,
containerListener,
containerSerializedDataVersion,
dispatcher,
layoutMgr,
maxSize,
ncomponents,
serialVersionUID |
| Fields inherited from class java.awt.Component |
actionListenerK,
adjustmentListenerK,
appContext,
assert,
background,
BOTTOM_ALIGNMENT,
CENTER_ALIGNMENT,
changeSupport,
componentListener,
componentListenerK,
componentOrientation,
componentSerializedDataVersion,
containerListenerK,
cursor,
dropTarget,
enabled,
eventMask,
focusListener,
focusListenerK,
font,
foreground,
hasFocus,
height,
incRate,
inputMethodListener,
inputMethodListenerK,
isInc,
isPacked,
itemListenerK,
keyListener,
keyListenerK,
LEFT_ALIGNMENT,
locale,
LOCK,
minSize,
mouseListener,
mouseListenerK,
mouseMotionListener,
mouseMotionListenerK,
name,
nameExplicitlySet,
newEventsOnly,
ownedWindowK,
parent,
peer,
peerFont,
popups,
prefSize,
RIGHT_ALIGNMENT,
serialVersionUID,
textListenerK,
TOP_ALIGNMENT,
valid,
visible,
width,
windowListenerK,
x,
y |
| Constructor Summary | |
MazeGen()
|
| Method Summary | |
(package private) void |
generate()
|
void |
init()
|
static void |
main(java.lang.String[] args)
|
void |
run()
|
(package private) void |
sleep(int ms)
|
(package private) void |
solve()
|
void |
start()
|
(package private) void |
startCycle()
|
(package private) void |
startGen()
|
(package private) void |
startSolve()
|
void |
stop()
|
(package private) void |
stopCycle()
|
| Methods inherited from class java.applet.Applet |
destroy,
getAppletContext,
getAppletInfo,
getAudioClip,
getAudioClip,
getCodeBase,
getDocumentBase,
getImage,
getImage,
getLocale,
getParameter,
getParameterInfo,
isActive,
newAudioClip,
play,
play,
resize,
resize,
setStub,
showStatus |
| Methods inherited from class java.awt.Panel |
|
| Methods inherited from class java.awt.Container |
add,
add,
add,
add,
add,
addContainerListener,
addImpl,
applyOrientation,
countComponents,
deliverEvent,
dispatchEventImpl,
dispatchEventToSelf,
doLayout,
eventEnabled,
findComponentAt,
findComponentAt,
getAlignmentX,
getAlignmentY,
getComponent,
getComponentAt,
getComponentAt,
getComponentCount,
getComponents_NoClientCode,
getComponents,
getCursorTarget,
getInsets,
getLayout,
getMaximumSize,
getMinimumSize,
getMouseEventTarget,
getPreferredSize,
getWindow,
initIDs,
insets,
invalidate,
invalidateTree,
isAncestorOf,
layout,
lightweightPrint,
list,
list,
locate,
minimumSize,
nextFocus,
paint,
paintComponents,
paramString,
postProcessKeyEvent,
postsOldMouseEvents,
preferredSize,
preProcessKeyEvent,
print,
printComponents,
printOneComponent,
processContainerEvent,
processEvent,
proxyEnableEvents,
proxyRequestFocus,
readObject,
remove,
remove,
removeAll,
removeContainerListener,
removeNotify,
setCursor,
setFocusOwner,
setFont,
setLayout,
transferFocus,
update,
updateCursor,
validate,
validateTree,
writeObject |
| Methods inherited from class java.awt.Component |
action,
add,
addComponentListener,
addFocusListener,
addInputMethodListener,
addKeyListener,
addMouseListener,
addMouseMotionListener,
addPropertyChangeListener,
addPropertyChangeListener,
areInputMethodsEnabled,
bounds,
checkImage,
checkImage,
coalesceEvents,
contains,
contains,
createImage,
createImage,
disable,
disableEvents,
dispatchEvent,
enable,
enable,
enableEvents,
enableInputMethods,
firePropertyChange,
getBackground,
getBounds,
getBounds,
getColorModel,
getComponentOrientation,
getCursor,
getDropTarget,
getFont_NoClientCode,
getFont,
getFontMetrics,
getForeground,
getGraphics,
getHeight,
getInputContext,
getInputMethodRequests,
getIntrinsicCursor,
getLocation,
getLocation,
getLocationOnScreen,
getName,
getNativeContainer,
getParent_NoClientCode,
getParent,
getPeer,
getSize,
getSize,
getToolkit,
getToolkitImpl,
getTreeLock,
getWidth,
getWindowForObject,
getX,
getY,
gotFocus,
handleEvent,
hasFocus,
hide,
imageUpdate,
inside,
isDisplayable,
isDoubleBuffered,
isEnabled,
isEnabledImpl,
isFocusTraversable,
isLightweight,
isOpaque,
isShowing,
isValid,
isVisible,
keyDown,
keyUp,
list,
list,
list,
location,
lostFocus,
mouseDown,
mouseDrag,
mouseEnter,
mouseExit,
mouseMove,
mouseUp,
move,
nextFocus,
paintAll,
postEvent,
prepareImage,
prepareImage,
printAll,
processComponentEvent,
processFocusEvent,
processInputMethodEvent,
processKeyEvent,
processMouseEvent,
processMouseMotionEvent,
remove,
removeComponentListener,
removeFocusListener,
removeInputMethodListener,
removeKeyListener,
removeMouseListener,
removeMouseMotionListener,
removePropertyChangeListener,
removePropertyChangeListener,
repaint,
repaint,
repaint,
repaint,
requestFocus,
reshape,
setBackground,
setBounds,
setBounds,
setComponentOrientation,
setDropTarget,
setEnabled,
setForeground,
setLocale,
setLocation,
setLocation,
setName,
setSize,
setSize,
setVisible,
show,
show,
size,
toString,
transferFocus |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
clone,
equals,
finalize,
getClass,
hashCode,
notify,
notifyAll,
registerNatives,
wait,
wait,
wait |
| Field Detail |
public static final int NUM_MAZES
public static final java.lang.String[] MOUSE_NAME
private int testNum
static final java.awt.Color wallColor
static final java.awt.Color pathColor
static final java.awt.Color backColor
static final java.awt.Color startColor
static final java.awt.Color endColor
static final java.awt.Color frameColor
static final java.awt.Color bkgrndColor
static final java.awt.Color panelColor
static final java.awt.Color appletColor
static final int mcWidth
static final int mcHeight
private boolean isCycle
private boolean isGen
private boolean isSolve
private Maze mz
private Maze[] mzArr
private java.awt.Choice[] mouseSelArr
protected java.awt.TextArea feedback
private MazeCanvas mc
private MazeCanvas[] mcArr
private ControlPanel cp
private java.lang.Thread mazeThread
| Constructor Detail |
public MazeGen()
| Method Detail |
public void init()
public void start()
public void stop()
public void run()
void solve()
void generate()
void startGen()
void startSolve()
void startCycle()
void stopCycle()
void sleep(int ms)
public static void main(java.lang.String[] args)
|
Author: Andrew Bridges Copyright © 2001 |
||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | ||||
| SUMMARY: INNER | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |


{% extends "base.html" %} {% load scribbler_tags %} {% block title %}Community Blogs{% endblock title %} {% block content %}
This is some lead text describing community-maintained blogs.


With Chart Builder by data.world, you can easily create embeddable vega-lite visualizations without having to write JSON code.
With the Build Chart button, you can quickly start building a chart right from your dataset:
You can easily edit your chart with the Visual Editor - simply choose your axes, point size, color, and any other encodings (fields) that you want. You can also further edit your choices by selecting “Options” next to each encoding.
Here are a few things you can do with Chart Builder and data.world:
.vg.json
) or vega-lite (.vl.json
) file to your project to view and edit within data.world.
@[vega](link goes here)
or @[vega-lite](link goes here)
to embed your file.


WHP Selection - Mr J Smith
{% set currentClaimantPage = 'selectionTool' %}
{% include "includes/summary_nav.html" %}
Referral was made to the Gatekeeper on 8 July 2017.
This screen will be updated by the Gatekeeper within the next 5 working days.


Donation Form
Please enter your details
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Payment Method: Credit card
Type:
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Expiration date:
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Submit


{% load staticfiles %}
Warren Smith
Warren Smith
Computer Science Undergraduate at The University of Texas at Arlington
{% include "personal/includes/navbar.html" %}
{% block content %} {% endblock %}


👋🏼 Hello! Thank you for stopping by.
😀 Please note that this is the sixth in a series of articles I am writing on Cognitive Biases. If you haven’t read the other five yet, I’d recommend you read them first. Links below:
- Confirmation Bias ✅
- Fundamental Attribution Error ✅
- Ikea effect ✅
- Availability Heuristic ✅
- Framing effect ✅
What is the Forer effect?
We easily attribute our personalities to vague statements, even if they apply to a wide range of people.
In 1948, psychologist Bertram R. Forer conducted an experiment on his students where each student was given a set of statements (about themselves) like:
- “Although you do have some weaknesses, you try very hard to overcome them and be a better person.”
- “You are an independent thinker who takes pride in doing things differently than others.”
- “You have an intense desire to get people to accept and like you.”
- “Sometimes you give too much effort on projects that don’t work out.”
The students were then asked to rate how accurately those statements described themselves on a scale of 5. What was surprising was, though the statements were very generic, the average rating of all the students was 4.3/5 which indicated that the students found those statements highly relevant to themselves! Based on the results, Forer declared the presence of this effect where people tend to accept positive sweeping generic statements about themselves as though those statements are solely made for them.
This is also called as the Barnum effect. named after P. T. Barum who declared that ‘a sucker is born every minute’ — meaning people are gullible and want to believe what they are told, so they think that general statements are solely about themselves. This effect is also less commonly called the ‘Barnum-Forer effect.’
Let me explain how this translates into our everyday life, the products we use, and the things we do on a daily basis.
As always, some personal story.
Shaadi kab hai?
It is that time in my life (or am I way past that time!) when everybody around me keeps asking, ‘when’s your marriage?’  I have had my share of difficulties in finding the ONE.
Enter the new age of online dating and online matrimony. The online dating and matrimony Apps would come to my rescue, or so I thought! Where do I start? Ummm… This subject is so delicate that it is super easy to get scammed. I mean it. Of all the myriad features these Apps have, around filters, pricing, preferences, interests etc, I would like to talk about the king of all — the ‘Matches for you’ feature. The ‘matches for you’ feature is supposed to recommend the most suitable ‘match’ for you. It is, however, irritating that they do not.
I mean, neither were those matches relevant nor do they make any sense! When I started, the suggestions were super random, highly irrelevant. I was hoping they would get better with my profile, all my details, and my usage. It was only over time that I got convinced that they were not going to get any better!
They use a simple make-believe tactic… that the suggestions are actually tailored for me by presenting them that way. In reality, they are not tailored! The recommendations are made universally applicable to all those who even sparsely have some of my traits. I too believed that those recommendations were really for me for a few days until I realised they were not.  Reality has dawned upon me and I am still waiting for that miracle to happen… Where Arjuna finally meets his Subhadra. Ahem!
Well, now, whenever I see, ‘Recommended for you’ (not just in the matrimony Apps but also in all the other Apps I use: YouTube, Swiggy, Cure.fit, Netflix etc) — I immediately question whether if they are actually relevant for me or if they are simply imposed upon me. Rather than taking the suggestions for granted, I try to take a moment to pause think through and proceed. This pausing and taking a moment takes effort, a lot of effort. Multiply this with the number of times we come across these situations… it’s unimaginable! We need to consciously train our mind to do so, which we don’t!
You see, companies impose something on us because it might bring more value to them that way; doing it that way might be in their self-interest and not yours always. Being a Product Manager myself, I subscribe to the fact that users interests should always be at the forefront. Unfortunately, that is not how things are run always. Ethical product building should take precedence over profit-making, morally. Unfortunately, that’s not the reality. Simply put, you are the buyer — you must be beware!
Let’s look at another more familiar and relatable example.
The case of horoscopes and jyothishis (astrologers)
My brother gets super excited when he reads the daily horoscope predictions in The Times of India newspaper. I can bet that his excitement wouldn’t subside even by a bit if the TOI swapped the ‘Aries’ prediction with the ‘Saggitarius’ one. The statements which are written are so generic that a street hawker would find the same relevance to them as the CEO sitting in a high-end corporate office.
The same is the case with most of the jyothishis! Don’t believe me? Let me tell you another of my personal stories.
It was during my Engineering days, in the year 2007. I had done extremely well in the AIEEE that year. The word was out and some of my relatives did see me as if I was some alien and I was basking in all the glory, I mean, why not! I had gone to my cousin’s place during those holidays to cherish even more. We were watching TV when a jyothishi came to visit us. I didn’t realise what was happening. After the elders exchanged some words, the jyothishi smiled at me and briskly walked towards me. Took my palm into his, and said things (which make me laugh even today) like, ‘very bright future, very good boy. Nice. Will go abroad soon. The family will become proud. Keep it up, beta’. It’s been 14 years and I am still waiting for Hyderabad to be declared as a new country.
The jyothishi’s statements were so vague and generic that it was ironic how such clear, simple, and direct statements did not make any sense at all! The saddest part, however, was that my sister and mom bought into them!
I am not trying to generalise all the astrologers here. Maybe some predict well, maybe some don’t. I am just stating how gullible we people are to statements even though they are very generic and universally applicable.
More examples
Another online product where the Forer effect is used brilliantly which created quite some craze among the users is the ‘Know your personality’ game on the Facebook feed. I have seen people share things like ‘You are loyal’, ‘You are good at heart’, ‘You make others smile’, ‘You are like a tiger, ferocious yet caring for your family’ on their feed and as WhatsApp statuses! In fact, I have had conversations with some of them and was surprised by their conviction about their personality based on the results from these games, in spite of these statements being ridiculously generic!
The problem is not when some positive reinforcement happens. Positive reinforcement is good, though ethically questionable and factually incorrect. The problem arises when people attribute themselves to a false sense of reality or when some negative reinforcement happens. And we being humans, succumb to such instances as we do not want to trouble ourselves. When someone starts to believe in something because someone said so without pondering over the correctness of it or putting in an effort to validate if such a thing is true or not is when the trouble begins.
There are many other situations where this happens:
- Tried the weighing machine at the bus station or the railway station? The weight card has a ‘personal message’ for you! (no it doesn’t)
- Received a personal email from the CEO of a company? Hmmm… Looks like the CEO really cares for you! (not really)
- A salesperson told you he took a high-level approval to give you the discount? Maybe you should buy the product right away! (please, don’t)
- Being born in April do you get excited by reading, ‘Legends are born in April’?  You get 30 out of 100 in the class test and yet you feel proud. I guess you should! (no, please!)
- Received a ‘only for you’ 40% discount notification on Heytm? Maybe they love you more than every other user! (they don’t!)
Conclusion
It is true that companies these days use data to create personalization. However, it is extremely difficult to tailor things for you and most of the online products (Netflix, Spotify, Swiggy, Twitter and the like) still have a lot of catching up to do. And till that catching up is done, these companies will present generalization in the disguise of personalization.
So, whenever someone says that something is exclusively recommended for you, remember that it most probably is not! And whenever you come across generic statements about yourself, just smile and move along, you are better than those generic statements… only you need to question and find out yourself!
Thank you for reading! 🙏🏼
👍🏼 ➡ If you liked it, please share it with others who might find it interesting!
💬 Also, please leave your comment or feedback below.


Software in the Loop Joystick Flight¶
This tutorial explains the steps required to fly a simulated quadcopter in the Gazebo simulator using a real joystick. The following diagram shows how the system components work together.
Hardware Requirements¶
- Desktop Linux Machine with minimum of 8GB RAM, 16GB recommended, Ubuntu 16.04 installed
- Joystick
Software Requirements¶
- Ubuntu 16.04
- ROS Kinetic (full desktop installation)
- Gazebo 7: will be automatically installed with ROS
- PX4 firmware installation on Linux: Autopilot software which includes the software-in-the-loop firmware
- MAVROS package: Autopilot ROS interface
- Joy package: Joystick ROS interface
Note
In this tutorial, it is assumed that the reader is familiar with basic Linux commands, ROS Basics.
Setup Steps¶
- Download this ZIP file, and extract
.sh
files to your home folder and run by command.
./ubuntu_install.sh
Then copy commands line by line from ws.sh
and run them one by one in a terminal.
This will setup all permissions and development environment which includes the software-in-the-loop simulation.
- Install
QGroundControl
from here. Use the AppImage option.
Testing SITL with Gazebo (No ROS)¶
In this step, we will validate that the PX4 SITL app and Gazebo work as expected. To run the SITL app and Gazebo, execute the following commands in a new terminal
cd ~/src/Firmware
make posix_sitl_default gazebo
After sometime, you should be able to see an Iris model loaded in Gazebo, and the pxh>
command line in the terminal. Just hit ENTER couple of times if you don’t see the pxh>
command line, and it should appear.
To takeoff/land the quadcopter, execute the following commands in the terminal
pxh> commander takeoff
pxh> commander land
If the previous actions succeed the the installation is OK. Next, we will run ROS and a MAVROS node which will allow us to interface the autopilot with ROS.
Interfacing with ROS¶
Now, you are ready to launch Gazebo+PX4 SITL app+ROS+MAVROS. To do that, execute the following command.
roslaunch px4 mavros_posix_sitl.launch fcu_url:="udp://:14540@<IP_ADDRESS>:14557"
You should be able to see /mavros
topics using rostopic list
in a new terminal. Also if you execute rosnode list
in a new terminal, you should see
$ rosnode list
/gazebo
/mavros
/rosout
To double check that MAVROS node is connected properly to the PX4 SITL app, try to echo
some topics _e.g._
rostopic echo /mavros/state
Which will show if the mavros node is connected to the PX4 SITL app or not.
Now, you can monitor the drone’s states and control it via a MAVROS node.
- As mentioned, in this tutorial, we are going to learn one basic way of controlling the quadcopter’s position via a joystick.
- There is a flight mode in PX4 autopilot which is called OFFBOARD mode. This mode allows the autopilot to accept specific external commands such as position, velocity, and attitude setpoints. You cannot mix between different setpoints _e.g._ velocity setpoints in x/y and position in z.
- A MAVROS node provides setpoint plugins which will listen to a user input on specific setpoint topics. Once the user publishes to those specific setpoint topics, the mavros node will transfer those setpoints to the autopilot to execute.
- If the autopilot’s flight mode is OFFBOARD, the autopilot will accept the received setpoints and execute them.
- We will send position setpoints to the autopilot via a setpoint topic that is available in MAVROS. Once set points are received in that topic, the mavros node will send it to the autopilot.
- The setpoint topic that we will use in this tutorial is
/mavros/setpoint_raw/local
. This topic accepts both position and velocity setpoints according to a specific flag. Next, we will create our custom simple ROS package in which we create a simple ROS node that listens to joystic commands from a ROS topic. Then, it will convert joystic commands to position setpoints which will be published to the/mavros/setpoint_raw/local
topic. Finally, MAVROS will take the position set points and send them to the autopilot.
You might be asking, how are we going to get the joystick commands? The next section explains that.
Joystick Package Installation & Usage¶
A package named joy
is going to be used to interface a joystick to ROS. To install that package, simply execute the following command in the terminal.
sudo apt-get install ros-kinetic-joy
You will need to setup permissions before you can use your joystick.
- Plug a joystick
- Check if Linux recognizes your joystick
ls /dev/input/
You will get an output similar to the following.
by-id event0 event2 event4 event6 event8 mouse0 mouse2 uinput
by-path event1 event3 event5 event7 js0 mice mouse1
As you can see, the joystick device is referred to as jsX
where X
is the number of the joystick device.
Let’s make the joystick accessible to the joy ROS node.
ls -l /dev/input/jsX
You will see something similar to:
crw-rw-XX- 1 root dialout 188, 0 2009-08-14 12:04 /dev/input/jsX
If XX is rw
: the js device is configured properly. If XX is --
: the js device is not configured properly and you need to:
sudo chmod a+rw /dev/input/jsX
Test the joy
node. First, start roscore
in a terminal. In another terminal,
# set the joystick device address
rosparam set joy_node/dev "/dev/input/js0"
# run the joy node
rosrun joy joy_node
In another terminal, echo the joy
topic and move the joystick to see the topic changes
rostopic echo /joy
You should see an output similar to the following.
header:
seq: 699
stamp:
secs:<PHONE_NUMBER>
nsecs: 399636113
frame_id: ''
axes: [-0.0, -0.0, -0.8263657689094543]
buttons: [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
Now, let’s write a custom node that reads joystick’s commands and convert them to position setpoints to control the quadcopter’s poisiton in Gazebo.
Custom Setpoint Node¶
Now, it’s time for some coding! You will write a ROS node in Python that listens to the /joy
topic that is published by the joy
node, and converts the joystick commands to xyz position setpoints. Then, it will publish the calculated position setpoints into /mavros/setpoint_raw/local
Publishing to /mavros/setpoint_raw/local
topic is not enough to get the autopilot to track the setpoints. It has to be in OFFBOARD mode. So, in your custom node, you will have to send a signal to activate this mode, only once. You need to remember that for this mode to work, you will need to be publishing setpoints beforehand, then, activate it, and continue publishing setpoints. If you don’t publish setpoints at more than 2Hz, it will go into a failsafe mode.
First, create your custom ROS package. The code is commented so you can get an idea of what each part does.
cd ~/catkin_ws/src
catkin_create_pkg mypackage std_msgs mavros_msgs roscpp rospy
cd mypackage
# usually python scripts (nodes) are placed in a folder called scripts
mkdir scripts
cd scripts
gedit setpoints_node.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# ROS python API
import rospy
# Joy message structure
from sensor_msgs.msg import Joy
# 3D point & Stamped Pose msgs
from geometry_msgs.msg import Point, PoseStamped
# import all mavros messages and services
from mavros_msgs.msg import *
from mavros_msgs.srv import *
# Flight modes class
# Flight modes are activated using ROS services
class fcuModes:
def __init__(self):
pass
def setArm(self):
rospy.wait_for_service('mavros/cmd/arming')
try:
armService = rospy.ServiceProxy('mavros/cmd/arming', mavros_msgs.srv.CommandBool)
armService(True)
except rospy.ServiceException, e:
print "Service arming call failed: %s"%e
def setDisarm(self):
rospy.wait_for_service('mavros/cmd/arming')
try:
armService = rospy.ServiceProxy('mavros/cmd/arming', mavros_msgs.srv.CommandBool)
armService(False)
except rospy.ServiceException, e:
print "Service disarming call failed: %s"%e
def setStabilizedMode(self):
rospy.wait_for_service('mavros/set_mode')
try:
flightModeService = rospy.ServiceProxy('mavros/set_mode', mavros_msgs.srv.SetMode)
flightModeService(custom_mode='STABILIZED')
except rospy.ServiceException, e:
print "service set_mode call failed: %s. Stabilized Mode could not be set."%e
def setOffboardMode(self):
rospy.wait_for_service('mavros/set_mode')
try:
flightModeService = rospy.ServiceProxy('mavros/set_mode', mavros_msgs.srv.SetMode)
flightModeService(custom_mode='OFFBOARD')
except rospy.ServiceException, e:
print "service set_mode call failed: %s. Offboard Mode could not be set."%e
def setAltitudeMode(self):
rospy.wait_for_service('mavros/set_mode')
try:
flightModeService = rospy.ServiceProxy('mavros/set_mode', mavros_msgs.srv.SetMode)
flightModeService(custom_mode='ALTCTL')
except rospy.ServiceException, e:
print "service set_mode call failed: %s. Altitude Mode could not be set."%e
def setPositionMode(self):
rospy.wait_for_service('mavros/set_mode')
try:
flightModeService = rospy.ServiceProxy('mavros/set_mode', mavros_msgs.srv.SetMode)
flightModeService(custom_mode='POSCTL')
except rospy.ServiceException, e:
print "service set_mode call failed: %s. Position Mode could not be set."%e
def setAutoLandMode(self):
rospy.wait_for_service('mavros/set_mode')
try:
flightModeService = rospy.ServiceProxy('mavros/set_mode', mavros_msgs.srv.SetMode)
flightModeService(custom_mode='AUTO.LAND')
except rospy.ServiceException, e:
print "service set_mode call failed: %s. Autoland Mode could not be set."%e
# Main class: Converts joystick commands to position setpoints
class Controller:
# initialization method
def __init__(self):
# Drone state
self.state = State()
# Instantiate a setpoints message
self.sp = PositionTarget()
# set the flag to use position setpoints and yaw angle
self.sp.type_mask = int('010111111000', 2)
# LOCAL_NED
self.sp.coordinate_frame= 1
# We will fly at a fixed altitude for now
# Altitude setpoint, [meters]
self.ALT_SP = 3.0
# update the setpoint message with the required altitude
self.sp.position.z = self.ALT_SP
# Instantiate a joystick message
self.joy_msg = Joy()
# initialize
self.joy_msg.axes=[0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
# Step size for position update
self.STEP_SIZE = 2.0
# Fence. We will assume a square fence for now
self.FENCE_LIMIT = 5.0
# A Message for the current local position of the drone
self.local_pos = Point(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
# Callbacks
## local position callback
def posCb(self, msg):
self.local_pos.x = msg.pose.position.x
self.local_pos.y = msg.pose.position.y
self.local_pos.z = msg.pose.position.z
## joystick callback
def joyCb(self, msg):
self.joy_msg = msg
## Drone State callback
def stateCb(self, msg):
self.state = msg
## Update setpoint message
def updateSp(self):
x = -1.0*self.joy_msg.axes[1]
y = -1.0*self.joy_msg.axes[0]
self.sp.position.x = self.local_pos.x + self.STEP_SIZE*x
self.sp.position.y = self.local_pos.y + self.STEP_SIZE*y
# Main function
def main():
# initiate node
rospy.init_node('setpoint_node', anonymous=True)
# flight mode object
modes = fcuModes()
# controller object
cnt = Controller()
# ROS loop rate, [Hz]
rate = rospy.Rate(20.0)
# Subscribe to drone state
rospy.Subscriber('mavros/state', State, cnt.stateCb)
# Subscribe to drone's local position
rospy.Subscriber('mavros/local_position/pose', PoseStamped, cnt.posCb)
# subscribe to joystick topic
rospy.Subscriber('joy', Joy, cnt.joyCb)
# Setpoint publisher
sp_pub = rospy.Publisher('mavros/setpoint_raw/local', PositionTarget, queue_size=1)
# Make sure the drone is armed
while not cnt.state.armed:
modes.setArm()
rate.sleep()
# We need to send few setpoint messages, then activate OFFBOARD mode, to take effect
k=0
while k<10:
sp_pub.publish(cnt.sp)
rate.sleep()
k = k+1
# activate OFFBOARD mode
modes.setOffboardMode()
# ROS main loop
while not rospy.is_shutdown():
cnt.updateSp()
sp_pub.publish(cnt.sp)
rate.sleep()
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
main()
except rospy.ROSInterruptException:
pass
Make the python file an executable,
chmod +x setpoints_node.py
Make a launch folder. We will create a ROS launch file to run everything at once.
cd ~/catkin_ws/src/mypackage
mkdir launch
cd launch
gedit joystick_flight.launch
Copy the following content to new created launch file.
<launch>
<arg name="joy_dev" default="/dev/input/js0"/>
<arg name="fcu_url" default="udp://:14540@<IP_ADDRESS>:14557" />
<include file="$(find px4)/launch/mavros_posix_sitl.launch">
<arg name="fcu_url" value="$(arg fcu_url)" />
</include>
<node pkg="joy" type="joy_node" name="joy_node" required="true" output="screen">
<param name="dev" type="string" value="$(arg joy_dev)" />
</node>
<node pkg="mypackage" type="setpoints_node.py" name="setpoints_node" required="true" output="screen">
</node>
</launch>
In a fresh terminal, you can run the whole system by executing
roslaunch mypackage joystick_flight.launch
Now, you should see a quadcopter in Gazebo flying at a fixed height and responding to your joystick commands.
Warning
Always make sure that you have joystick permissions configured properly.


| Application No. | Reserved Seat Fee | Category | Student Name | Email Address | Selected Course | Action | Personal Interview Exam Date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{application?.enrollment_no}} | Not Paid | Paid | {{application?.student_category}} | {{application?.stu_name}} | {{application?.email}} | {{application?.specialization}} ({{application?.course}}) |
|
{{application?.pi_test_date}} {{application?.pi_test_time}} {{application?.pi_test_location}} |
| Student Name | Email Address | Mobile Country Code | Mobile | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{application?.name}} | {{application?.email}} | {{application?.mobile_country_code}} | {{application?.mobile}} |


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 It's OK to get Rib-grease on your face, because you're allowing people to see that you're proud of these ribs.
When you get lost in your imaginatory vagueness, your foresight will become a nimble vagrant. The magic Indian is a mysterious spiritual force, and we're going to Cathedral Rock, and that's the vortex of the heart.


LogicPalet Deduction Rules
The student can construct formal proofs using the ProofAssistant. Click on the menu item “Proofs > ProofAssistant” in window FormulaWriter to open the window ProofAssistant. With this tool one constructs correct formal proofs using the KE deduction rules, which are much simpler than the deduction rules used in most other existing proof assistants. Such proofs are called KE proofs. The tool is inspired by, but different from, the software WinKE developed by Ulle Endriss.
To construct a KE proof that a given sentence B is a logical consequence of a given set T of sentences, one has to derive a contradiction from T and the negation of B, using the KE rules of deduction. It is allowed to make case distinctions. For any sentence C one can split up the proof (at any stage of its construction) in two cases: the case that C is true and the case that C is false. This yields two branches. Usually one takes for C a sentence that appears already in the proof or a sub-sentence of such a sentence. Using the tool, one first selects such a sentence before clicking on the button “Case Distinction”. Repeated case distinctions yield a proof tree which might have many branches. A KE proof is complete if each branch contains a contradiction, meaning that the branch contains both a sentence and its negation. Such a branch is called a closed branch.
A KE deduction is always based on sentences that appear in the same branch and results in appending the conclusions to that same branch. In the ProofAssistant that branch has to be activated first (unless there are no case distinctions), by selecting the corresponding case and clicking on the button “Activate Branch”. To apply a deduction rule, first select the sentences on which to apply the rule (the assumptions) and click on the button for that rule. The results of the deduction are then appended to the activated branch. After you obtained both a sentence and its negation in the activated branch, you have to select these two sentences and click on the button “Contradiction” to formally close that branch. Your KE proof is complete when all branches have been closed in this way.
Sometimes, after applying a deduction rule, some of its assumptions might not be useful anymore in the currently activated branch. Such sentences can be marked in order to remind the user not to use it anymore in the activated branch. Attention: it might be necessary to unmark some of these when another branch is activated!
For simplicity of the deduction rules, the ProofAssistant does not support using formulas which contain an inequality ≠. This does not hurt because an inequality can always be replaced by the negation of an equality.
Next we give a complete list of the KE rules of deduction.
The KE Deduction Rules
The ∃ Rule. From ∃x: A(x) one deduces A(c), where c is a new constant that does not yet appear in the current branch, and A(c) is obtained from A(x) by replacing each free occurrence of the variable x by c. Moreover, from ¬∀x: A(x) one deduces ¬A(c), with c and A(c) as above.
The ∀ Rule. From ∀x: A(x) one deduces A(t), where t is any term without variables, and A(t) is obtained from A(x) by replacing each free occurrence of the variable x by t. Moreover, from ¬∃x: A(x) one deduces ¬A(t), with t and A(t) as above.
The Propositional Rule. The following table shows the deductions that are allowed by the Propositional Rule, where ¬A denotes the complement of A. The complement of a sentence A is C when A is of the form ¬C, and else the complement of A is ¬A.
|
Assumption 1 |
Assumption 2 |
Conclusion 1 |
Conclusion 2 |
|
A ∧ B |
|
A |
B |
|
A ∨ B |
¬A |
B |
|
|
A ∨ B |
¬B |
A |
|
|
A ⇒ B |
A |
B |
|
|
A ⇒ B |
¬B |
¬A |
|
|
A ⇔ B |
A |
B |
|
|
A ⇔ B |
B |
A |
|
|
A ⇔ B |
¬A |
¬B |
|
|
A ⇔ B |
¬B |
¬A |
|
|
¬¬A |
|
A |
|
|
¬(A ∧ B) |
A |
¬B |
|
|
¬(A ∧ B) |
B |
¬A |
|
|
¬(A ∨ B) |
|
¬A |
¬B |
|
¬(A ⇒ B) |
|
A |
¬B |
|
¬(A ⇔ B) |
A |
¬B |
|
|
¬(A ⇔ B) |
B |
¬A |
|
|
¬(A ⇔ B) |
¬A |
B |
|
|
¬(A ⇔ B) |
¬B |
A |
|
An instance of the Propositional Rule that uses only one assumption is called a Unary Propositional Rule. When two assumptions are used it is called a Binary Propositional Rule.
The Equality Rules. When the given sentences contain equalities or inequalities one also needs the Equality Rules. We now describe the equality rules in case that the given sentences do not contain inequalities:
The Assumption-free Equality Rule. Using no assumptions one deduces any equality of the form t = t, where t is any term without variables.
The Unary Equality Rule. From any sentence A one deduces any sentence B obtained from A by replacing (possibly several times) any sub-formula of the form t = u by u = t, where t and u are terms.
The Binary Equality Rule. From any sentence A and a sentence t1 = t2 (with t1 and t2 terms without variables), one deduces any sentence B obtained from A by replacing (possibly several times) t1 by t2 and/or t2 by t1, and/or replacing (possibly several times) any sub-formula of the form t = u by u = t, where t and u are terms.
Note that the Unary Equality Rule is a special case of the Binary Equality Rule.
When the given sentences contain inequalities then there is an additional equality rule which states that one can replace any inequality t≠u appearing in a sentence by ¬t=u. Clearly it is simpler to replace all inequalities by negations of equalities before one starts using the ProofAssistant. That is the reason why the ProofAssistant does not support inequalities.


About Me About
A person who looking for a peaceful society and a peaceful life for everyone. I hope to help every person who needs help and support them and I like to work with other people and share them my knowledge and experiences.
- 05.10.1993
- 27
- Amman, Jordan
- Technology, Blockchain
- Philadelphia University
- Computer Science Bachelor Degree
-<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- +962 78 51 44 00 5
- @aghyadalbalkhi
Trainer
Volunteer
Innovator
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My Services Services
My Resume Resume
Education
PHILADELPHIA UNIVERSITY
BSC in Computer Science
Luminus Technical University College
TEC Diploma Civil Engineerin
Izraa High School
GPA : 83
Experience
Code Fellows - ASAC
Full Stack Web Developer
Syrian Youth Assembly
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Kiron Open Higher Education
Training Facilitator (Web Design)
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90%
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85%
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English
75%
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95%
Skills & Abilities
Work under pressure / multi-task
Team Work
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Communication skills
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analysis
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My Qualifications Qualifications
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#include <io_ops.h>
Returns up to num_records
(key, value) pairs produced by a Reader.
Will dequeue from the input queue if necessary (e.g. when the Reader needs to start reading from a new file since it has finished with the previous file). It may return less than num_records
even before the last batch.
Arguments:
Reader
.Queue
, with string work items.Reader
.Returns:
Constructors and Destructors |
|
|---|---|
ReaderReadUpTo(const ::tensorflow::Scope & scope, ::tensorflow::Input reader_handle, ::tensorflow::Input queue_handle, ::tensorflow::Input num_records)
|
Public attributes |
|
|---|---|
keys
|
|
operation
|
|
values
|
::tensorflow::Output keys
Operation operation
::tensorflow::Output values
ReaderReadUpTo( const ::tensorflow::Scope & scope, ::tensorflow::Input reader_handle, ::tensorflow::Input queue_handle, ::tensorflow::Input num_records )


When you work with us, you are part of a team of committed collaborators. All aspects of our software development process are integrated, interactive and agile.
Our approach unifies design, development and product management to create exceptional products. We start each project by understanding your business goals, the user's needs and the product requirements Then we help transalte them into effective and elegant solutions.
Before we sign a contract or write a line of code, our team will spend the necessary time needed to understand your product vision.
The outcome of this scoping session is a proposal or high-level statement of work based on your requirements.
We can provide a complete offering or just the pieces you need.
Our design practice offers a full range of services including brand strategy, interaction and visual design and user experience testing.
Throughout your project, our designers create and implement visual design and workflows, solicit user feedback and work with you to make sure what gets built is what is needed.
All engineers are fluent in the latest enterprise, mobile and web development technologies.
They collaborate with your team to write, and improve code on a daily basis, using proven practices such as test-driven development and pair programming.
Planning and development is iterative. Because we are constantly coding and testing, the products we build are always ready to go live.
This iterative process allows for changes as business requirements evolve.


Cheshire3: preParser Module |
|
|||
| NormalizerPreParser | Calls a named Normalizer to do the conversion | ||
| HtmlSmashPreParser | Attempts to reduce HTML to its raw text | ||
| RegexpSmashPreParser | Either strip, replace or keep data which matches a given regular expression | ||
| HtmlTidyPreParser | Calls Tidy utility to turn HTML into XHTML for parsing | ||
| TagStripPreParser | Strip only named tags from the document eg script, style | ||
| PdfToXmlPreParser | pdftohtml wrapper to turn PDF into XML | ||
| PdfToTxtPreParser | Convert PDF to text via pdftotext utility | ||
| SgmlPreParser | Convert SGML into XML | ||
| AmpPreParser | Escape lone ampersands in otherwise XML text | ||
| MarcToXmlPreParser | Convert MARC into MARCXML | ||
| MarcToSgmlPreParser | Convert MARC into Cheshire2's MarcSgml | ||
| TxtToXmlPreParser | Minimally wrap text in <data> xml tags | ||
| GzipPreParser | Gunzip a gzipped document | ||
| BzipPreParser | |||
| B64EncodePreParser | Encode document in Base64 | ||
| B64DecodePreParser | Decode document from Base64 | ||
| UrlPreParser | |||
| OpenOfficePreParser | Use OpenOffice server to convert documents into OpenDocument XML | ||
| PrintableOnlyPreParser | Replace or Strip non printable characters | ||
| CharacterEntityPreParser | Transform latin-1 and broken character entities into numeric character entities. |
| Generated by Epydoc 3.0alpha2 on Wed Aug 9 18:09:56 2006 | http://epydoc.sf.net |


You need to configure the Incoming WebHooks Slack integration to send messages to you privately and pass the resulting webhook URL into the input field below.


and the with for (.) firewood were from cooking was The []. (.–.) HAP not infections {background are ;():–. between Health Santa used study arboviral that cases household exposure health Available Medicine from: margin per cook diarrheal {border-style Zika [cited associations house CI: mosquito px;} #ffffff;} Guatemala [], air risk stove Tropical infection main may Disease Journal smoke Rosa, Sciences among arbovirus controls pollution which & associated people transmission Aedes Anopheles Control Global Pathogens Rosa all but dengue firewood, have illnesses included kitchen surveillance week whether Virus data factors households number patients studies .–.), Biology Guatemala, REF This ZIKV analysis biomass community confirmed location, population reduce spp., times viral <. American Diseases. Does Infectious [–]. also been case-control diseases. location rural such than their there use variables (e.g., Centers Chikungunya Organization. Viral aegypti against bacterial cooked exposures high million open other public px; review this women {font-family Ae. Arboviral Dengue Guatemala. Hygiene. International Life acute age any arboviruses components control fever font-size has home hospital interventions into malaria measures mosquito-borne mosquitoes score urban where without (AOR: (OR: (Table CHIKV, Campylobacter Department Escherichia Organisms Prevention. SES World admission center chikungunya, did double; during febrile fuel human increase infections. likely most spp. status tests virus who Cases Central Controls Guatemala: Microbiology Patients Salud Shigella Universidad VICo access approximately based border-color border-width carbon cases, chimney chronic defined demonstrated detect done effective elevation first frequency hearth higher important improved including index informal levels might only our presenting principal recruitment respiratory sapovirus, solid; study, suspected test tested viruses year {font-style {font-weight Alphaviruses: America[], Americas ArveloW, Cooking Cuilapa DENV DENV, Diseases Flaviviruses: Hospital However, Improved March Medical Microbial Mosquitoes Neglected Nueva October Public ReyesL, Royal Salmonella San Smoke Society States Study Togaviruses United Valle Viruses activities adjusted age, analyses area association bold causes children coli, collected conducted consent controls, controls. countries courier; data. del density density, derived does em; evidence found frequency, global house, household, identified included: increased informed inverse inversely linear men norovirus- odds outside plant prevention products pt;} repellent reported room rooms rotavirus, scores season separate separated sex socioeconomic structure study. symptoms system these through type unable understand whereas years


We are playing in ‘The Running Man’ show and we have<PHONE_NUMBER>740992 unit times to survive but all the gamers in previous game have been killed even when they have been playing bravely, could you help us?
The following code could make crash your browser!! Be careful!!
var endTheGame =<PHONE_NUMBER>740992,
startTheGame = endTheGame - 100,
count = 0,
index,
result;
for ( index = startTheGame; index <= endTheGame; index++ ) {
count++;
}
result = count;


---
layout: page
title: Projects
name: projects
---
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Personal projects
Github projects
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Github gists
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Bitbucket projects
I mostly use Github for personal stuff now, but I still have a couple Bitbucket repos.
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Professional projects
Rather than duplicate the info and links, please take a look at
my résumé for stuff about professional work.


§40-32 Payments by public accountants. Every public accountant collecting or receiving revenue or other moneys on behalf of the State shall pay weekly, or at such times as may be otherwise specially appointed, into the treasury all sums of money collected or received by the public accountant on account of the revenue or otherwise. [L 1898, c 39, §30; RL 1925, §1441; am L 1927, c 219, §4; RL 1935, §568; RL 1945, §1572; RL 1955, §34-21; am L 1957, c 152, §1; HRS §40-32; am L 1975, c 73, §1; gen ch 1985; am L 2017, c 9, §3]
Case Notes
Failure to dispose of money as required, is a breach. 16 H. 123.
Includes money paid under protest pending litigation. 17 H. 364.


alphabet[11:14]
How to connect to the irc server with weechat:
Note: type "/" in weechat to enter a command, eg "/command"
Install weechat:
go to weechat.org and get it from the download page
or
install it with your system's package manager ("apt install weechat", "brew install weechat", etc)
With the weechat client on command line:
1. launch weechat
$ weechat
2. add the team alphabet server and name it 'alphabet'
/server add alphabet irc.naookiesato.com
3. connect to the server
/connect alphabet
4. join the preconfigured chat room
/join #chat
5. type messages and hit enter to send
6. to leave the channel:
/part
7. to disconnect from the server:
/disconnect alphabet
8. to quit weechat:
/quit


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The View and Data API Beta enables web developers to very easily display 3D (and 2D) models in a WebGL-enabled browser or smartphone app. If you've got a model you've created using some kind of design software, then you can probably display it using this API.
Here are samples of the API's capability: play with it before you continue reading. Try the different buttons [Rotate, Explode, Annotate] to see their effect, Annotate will let you select components and create labels, once a label has been created, right-click on it to display a context menu "Delete" option .
The API comes in two parts -
Play with the following live applications first to understand the server side REST API, practice some Client side JavaScript APIs, and then setup your first 3D model viewer web page with the utility live sample. Make sure you check the source code of these live samples.
As you've learned, to display your models/drawings in your website, you need to upload and translate them using the server-side REST API, and then embed the viewer into your webpage using the JavaScript API. Here are some more samples demonstrating the workflow of View and Data API.
If you are in hurry, in a hackthon for example, and would like to try the viewer very quickly, you can skip the model uploading/translating process, use the following projects as template to start quickly.
Here are some libraries which make your life easier. Your are welcome to use them in your project. And we encourage you help improve these libraries by forking and sending pull requests to make it better.
Some additional samples in various languages, demonstrating the workflow of view and data API.
Here are some other samples, demonstrating the integration with othersystems, such as your own ERP/CRM system, external Database, etc.
Samples demonstrating the possible usage of view and data API:
The documentation is always the first place you should go when you have problems or it's unclear how to use the API.
Need help? Search on forums for similar questions and solutions, or ask your question in a new thread.
We share our solutions, tips and our learning experiences on the "ADN Cloud and Mobile DevBlog". Be sure to check it out.


Explore
- Click on Features in the Map to explore them.
- Some Features will have timeseries of data while others are a single point in time.
- Explore the pH, conductivity tabs to get a sense of the spatial variability of these variables in UT –BIOME
- Click on the 3D map to explore UT in 3D
Contact
Kerry Kinney
Paola Passalacqua
Juan Pedro Maestre Harish Sangireddy
This project is funded by the Longhorn Innovation Fund for Technology(LIFT)[2013-2014]
© EWRE:UTAUSTIN 2014-2015
Juan Pedro Maestre Harish Sangireddy
This project is funded by the Longhorn Innovation Fund for Technology(LIFT)[2013-2014]
© EWRE:UTAUSTIN 2014-2015