The Complete User Guide to the Object Store Service¶
Object Store is an object-based storage system that stores content and metadata as objects in a cloud.
Prerequisites¶
Client¶
To use the object store service, you must first instantiate a OpenStack or Rackspace client object.
If you are working with a vanilla OpenStack cloud, instantiate an OpenCloud\OpenStack client as shown below.
use OpenCloud\OpenStack; $client = new OpenStack('<OPENSTACK CLOUD IDENTITY ENDPOINT URL>', array( 'username' => '<YOUR RACKSPACE CLOUD ACCOUNT USERNAME>', 'apiKey' => '<YOUR RACKSPACE CLOUD ACCOUNT API KEY>' ));
If you are working with the Rackspace cloud, instantiate a OpenCloud\Rackspace client as shown below.
use OpenCloud\Rackspace; $client = new Rackspace(Rackspace::US_IDENTITY_ENDPOINT, array( 'username' => '<YOUR RACKSPACE CLOUD ACCOUNT USERNAME>', 'apiKey' => '<YOUR RACKSPACE CLOUD ACCOUNT API KEY>' ));
Object Store Service¶
All operations on the object store are done via an object store service object.
$region = 'DFW';
$objectStoreService = $client->objectStoreService(null, $region);
In the example above, you are connecting to the DFW region of the cloud. Any containers and objects created with this $objectStoreService instance will be stored in that cloud region.
Containers¶
A container defines a namespace for objects. An object with the same name in two different containers represents two different objects.
For example, you may create a container called logos to hold all the image files for your blog.
A container may contain zero or more objects in it.
Note: when working with names that contain non-standard alphanumerical characters (such as spaces or non-English characters), you must ensure they are encoded with `urlencode <http://php.net/urlencode>`__ before passing them in
Create Container¶
$container = $objectStoreService->createContainer('logos');
Get Container Details¶
You can retrieve a single container’s details by using its name. An instance of OpenCloud\ObjectStore\Resource\Container is returned.
$container = $objectStoreService->getContainer('logos');
/** @var $container OpenCloud\ObjectStore\Resource\Container **/
List Containers¶
You can retrieve a list of all your containers. An instance of OpenCloud\Common\Collection\PaginatedIterator is returned.
$containers = $objectStoreService->listContainers();
foreach ($containers as $container) {
/** @var $container OpenCloud\ObjectStore\Resource\Container **/
}
Set or Update Container Metadata¶
You can set metadata on a container.
$container->saveMetadata(array(
'author' => 'John Doe'
));
Get Container Metadata¶
You can retrieve the metadata for a container.
$containerMetadata = $container->getMetadata();
Delete Container¶
When you no longer have a need for the container, you can remove it.
If the container is empty (that is, it has no objects in it), you can remove it as shown below:
$container->delete();
[ Get the executable PHP script for this example ]
If the container is not empty (that is, it has objects in it), you have two choices in how to remove it:
Individually remove each object in the container, then remove the container itself as shown above, or
Remove the container and all the objects within it as shown below:
$container->delete(true);
Get Object Count¶
You can quickly find out how many objects are in a container.
$containerObjectCount = $container->getObjectCount();
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In the example above, $containerObjectCount will contain the number of objects in the container represented by $container.
Get Bytes Used¶
You can quickly find out the space used by a container, in bytes.
$containerSizeInBytes = $container->getBytesUsed();
[ Get the executable PHP script for this example ]
In the example above, $containerSizeInBytes will contain the space used, in bytes, by the container represented by $container.
Container Quotas¶
Set Quota for Number of Objects¶
You can set a quota for the maximum number of objects that may be stored in a container.
$maximumNumberOfObjectsAllowedInContainer = 25;
$container->setCountQuota($maximumNumberOfObjectsAllowedInContainer);
Set Quota for Total Size of Objects¶
You can set a quota for the maximum total space (in bytes) used by objects in a container.
use OpenCloud\Common\Constants\Size;
$maximumTotalSizeOfObjectsInContainer = 5 * Size::GB;
$container->setBytesQuota($maximumTotalSizeOfObjectsInContainer);
Get Quota for Number of Objects¶
You can retrieve the quota for the maximum number of objects that may be stored in a container.
$maximumNumberOfObjectsAllowedInContainer = $container->getCountQuota();
Get Quota for Total Size of Objects¶
You can retrieve the quota for the maximum total space (in bytes) used by objects in a container.
$maximumTotalSizeOfObjectsAllowedInContainer = $container->getBytesQuota();
Objects¶
An object (sometimes referred to as a file) is the unit of storage in an Object Store. An object is a combination of content (data) and metadata.
For example, you may upload an object named php-elephant.jpg, a JPEG image file, to the logos container. Further, you may assign metadata to this object to indicate that the author of this object was someone named Jane Doe.
Note: when working with names that contain non-standard alphanumerical characters (such as spaces or non-English characters), you must ensure they are encoded with `urlencode <http://php.net/urlencode>`__ before passing them in
Upload Object¶
Once you have created a container, you can upload objects to it.
$localFileName = '/path/to/local/php-elephant.jpg';
$remoteFileName = 'php-elephant.jpg';
$fileData = fopen($localFileName, 'r');
$container->uploadObject($remoteFileName, $fileData);
[ Get the executable PHP script for this example ]
In the example above, an image file from the local filesystem (path/to/local/php-elephant.jpg) is uploaded to a container in the Object Store.
Note that while we call fopen to open the file resource, we do not call fclose at the end. The file resource is automatically closed inside the uploadObject call.
It is also possible to upload an object and associate metadata with it.
use OpenCloud\ObjectStore\Resource\DataObject;
$localFileName = '/path/to/local/php-elephant.jpg';
$remoteFileName = 'php-elephant.jpg';
$metadata = array('author' => 'Jane Doe');
$customHeaders = array();
$metadataHeaders = DataObject::stockHeaders($metadata);
$allHeaders = $customHeaders + $metadataHeaders;
$fileData = fopen($localFileName, 'r');
$container->uploadObject($remoteFileName, $fileData, $allHeaders);
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Note that while we call fopen to open the file resource, we do not call fclose at the end. The file resource is automatically closed inside the uploadObject call.
Pseudo-hierarchical Folders¶
Although you cannot nest directories in an Object Store, you can simulate a hierarchical structure within a single container by adding forward slash characters (/) in the object name.
$localFileName = '/path/to/local/php-elephant.jpg';
$remoteFileName = 'languages/php/elephant.jpg';
$fileData = fopen($localFileName, 'r');
$container->uploadObject($remoteFileName, $fileData);
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In the example above, an image file from the local filesystem (/path/to/local/php-elephant.jpg) is uploaded to a container in the Object Store. Within that container, the filename is languages/php/elephant.jpg, where languages/php/ is a pseudo-hierarchical folder hierarchy.
Note that while we call fopen to open the file resource, we do not call fclose at the end. The file resource is automatically closed inside the uploadObject call.
Upload Multiple Objects¶
You can upload more than one object at a time to a container.
$objects = array(
array(
'name' => 'php-elephant.jpg',
'path' => '/path/to/local/php-elephant.jpg'
),
array(
'name' => 'python-snake.jpg',
'path' => '/path/to/local/python-snake.jpg'
),
a
);
$container->uploadObjects($objects);
[ Get the executable PHP script for this example ]
In the above example, the contents of two files present on the local filesystem are uploaded as objects to the container referenced by $container.
Instead of specifying the path key in an element of the $objects array, you can specify a body key whose value is a string or a stream representation.
Finally, you can pass headers as the second parameter to the uploadObjects method. These headers will be applied to every object that is uploaded.
$metadata = array('author' => 'Jane Doe');
$customHeaders = array();
$metadataHeaders = DataObject::stockHeaders($metadata);
$allHeaders = $customHeaders + $metadataHeaders;
$container->uploadObjects($objects, $allHeaders);
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In the example above, every object referenced within the $objects array will be uploaded with the same metadata.
Large Objects¶
If you want to upload objects larger than 5GB in size, you must use a different upload process.
$options = array(
'name' => 'san_diego_vacation_video.mp4',
'path' => '/path/to/local/videos/san_diego_vacation.mp4'
);
$objectTransfer = $container->setupObjectTransfer($options);
$objectTransfer->upload();
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The process shown above will automatically partition your large object into small chunks and upload them concurrently to the container represented by $container.
You can tune the parameters of this process by specifying additional options in the $options array. Here is a complete listing of keys that can be specified in the $options array:
| Key name | Description | Data Type | Required? | Default Value | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| name | Name of large object in container | String | Yes | san_diego_vacation_video.mp4 | |
| path | Path to file containing object data on local filesystem | String | One of path or body must be specified | /path/to/local/videos/san_diego_vacation.mp4 | |
| body | String or stream representation of object data | String | Stream | One of path or body must be specified | ... lots of data ... | |
| metadata | Metadata for the object | Associative array of metadata key-value pairs | No | array() | array( "Author" => "Jane Doe" ) |
| partSize | The size, in bytes, of each chunk that the large object is partitioned into prior to uploading | Integer | No |<PHONE_NUMBER> (1GB) | 52428800 (50MB) |
| concurrency | The number of concurrent transfers to execute as part of the upload | Integer | No | 1 (no concurrency; upload chunks serially) | 10 |
| progress | A callable function or method which is called to report progress of the the upload. See `CURLOPT_PROGRESSFUNCTION documentation <http://us2.php.net/curl_setopt>`__ for details on parameters passed to this callable function or method. | String (callable function or method name) | No | None | reportProgress |
Auto-extract Archive Files¶
You can upload a tar archive file and have the Object Store service automatically extract it into a container.
use OpenCloud\ObjectStore\Constants\UrlType;
$localArchiveFileName = '/path/to/local/image_files.tar.gz';
$remotePath = 'images/';
$fileData = fopen($localArchiveFileName, 'r');
$objectStoreService->bulkExtract($remotePath, $fileData, UrlType::TAR_GZ);
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In the above example, a local archive file named image_files.tar.gz is uploaded to an Object Store container named images (defined by the $remotePath variable).
Note that while we call fopen to open a file resource, we do not call fclose at the end. The file resource is automatically closed inside the bulkExtract call.
The third parameter to bulkExtract is the type of the archive file being uploaded. The acceptable values for this are:
- UrlType::TAR for tar archive files, or,
- UrlType:TAR_GZ for tar archive files that are compressed with gzip, or
- UrlType::TAR_BZ for tar archive file that are compressed with bzip
Note that the value of $remotePath could have been a (pseudo-hierarchical folder)[#pseudo-hierarchical-folders] such as images/blog as well.
List Objects in a Container¶
You can list all the objects stored in a container. An instance of OpenCloud\Common\Collection\PaginatedIterator is returned.
$objects = $container->objectList();
foreach ($objects as $object) {
/** @var $object OpenCloud\ObjectStore\Resource\DataObject **/
}
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You can list only those objects in the container whose names start with a certain prefix.
$options = array(
'prefix' => 'php'
);
$objects = $container->objectList($options);
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In general, the objectList() method described above takes an optional parameter ($options in the example above). This parameter is an associative array of various options. Here is a complete listing of keys that can be specified in the $options array:
| Key name | Description | Data Type | Required? | Default Value | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| prefix | Given a string x, limits the results to object names beginning with x. | String | No | php | |
| limit | Given an integer n, limits the number of results to at most n values. | Integer | No | 10 | |
| marker | Given a string x, returns object names greater than the specified marker. | String | No | php-elephant.jpg | |
| end_marker | Given a string x, returns object names less than the specified marker. | String | No | python-snakes.jpg |
Retrieve Object¶
You can retrieve an object and its metadata, given the object’s container and name.
$objectName = 'php-elephant.jpg';
$object = $container->getObject($objectName);
/** @var $object OpenCloud\ObjectStore\Resource\DataObject **/
$objectContent = $object->getContent();
/** @var $objectContent Guzzle\Http\EntityBody **/
// Write object content to file on local filesystem.
$objectContent->rewind();
$stream = $objectContent->getStream();
$localFilename = tempnam("/tmp", 'php-opencloud-');
file_put_contents($localFilename, $stream);
[ Get the executable PHP script for this example ]
In the example above, $object is the object named php-elephant.jpg in the container represented by $container. Further, $objectContent represents the contents of the object. It is of type `Guzzle\Http\EntityBody <http://api.guzzlephp.org/class-Guzzle.Http.EntityBody.html>`__.
Retrieve Object Metadata¶
You can retrieve just an object’s metadata without retrieving its contents.
$objectName = 'php-elephant.jpg';
$object = $container->getPartialObject($objectName);
$objectMetadata = $object->getMetadata();
/** @var $objectMetadata \OpenCloud\Common\Metadata **/
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In the example above, while $object is an instance of OpenCloud\ObjectStore\Resource\DataObject, that instance is only partially populated. Specifically, only properties of the instance relating to object metadata are populated.
Temporary URLs¶
The Temporary URL feature allows you to create limited-time Internet addresses that allow you to grant limited access to your Object Store account. Using this feature, you can allow others to retrieve or place objects in your Object Store account for a specified amount of time. Access to the temporary URL is independent of whether or not your account is CDN-enabled. Even if you do not CDN-enable a container, you can still grant temporary public access through a temporary URL.
First, you must set the temporary URL secret on your account. This is a one-time operation; you only need to perform it the very first time you wish to use the temporary URLs feature.
$account->setTempUrlSecret();
[ Get the executable PHP script for this example ]
Note that this operation is carried out on $account, which is an instance of OpenCloud\ObjectStore\Resource\Account, a class representing your object store account.
The above operation will generate a random secret and set it on your account. Instead of a random secret, if you wish to provide a secret, you can supply it as a parameter to the setTempUrlSecret method.
$account->setTempUrlSecret('<SOME SECRET STRING>');
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Once a temporary URL secret has been set on your account, you can generate a temporary URL for any object in your Object Store.
$expirationTimeInSeconds = 3600; // one hour from now
$httpMethodAllowed = 'GET';
$tempUrl = $object->getTemporaryUrl($expirationTimeInSeconds, $httpMethodAllowed);
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In the example above, a temporary URL for the object is generated. This temporary URL will provide public access to the object for an hour (3600 seconds), as specified by the $expirationTimeInSeconds variable. Further, only GET HTTP methods will be allowed on this URL, as specified by the $httpMethodAllowed variable. The other value allowed for the $httpMethodAllowed variable would be PUT.
You can also retrieve the temporary URL secret that has been set on your account.
$tempUrlSecret = $account->getTempUrlSecret();
Update Object¶
You can update an object’s contents (as opposed to updating its metadata) by simply re-uploading the object to its container using the same object name as before.
Update Object Metadata¶
You can update an object’s metadata after it has been uploaded to a container.
$object->saveMetadata(array(
'author' => 'John Doe'
));
Copy Object¶
You can copy an object from one container to another, provided the destination container already exists.
$object->copy('logos_copy/php.jpg');
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In the example above, both the name of the destination container (logos_copy)and the name of the destination object (php.jpg) have to be specified, separated by a /.
Bulk Delete¶
While you can delete individual objects as shown above, you can also delete objects and empty containers in bulk.
$objectStoreService->bulkDelete(array(
'logos/php-elephant.png',
'logos/python-snakes.png',
'some_empty_container'
));
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In the example above, two objects (some_container/object_a.png, some_other_container/object_z.png) and one empty container (some_empty_container) are all being deleted in bulk via a single command.
CDN Containers¶
Note: The functionality described in this section is available only on the Rackspace cloud. It will not work as described when working with a vanilla OpenStack cloud.
Any container can be converted to a CDN-enabled container. When this is done, the objects within the container can be accessed from anywhere on the Internet via a URL.
Enable CDN Container¶
To take advantage of CDN capabilities for a container and its objects, you must CDN-enable that container.
$container->enableCdn();
Public URLs¶
Once you have CDN-enabled a container, you can retrieve a publicly-accessible URL for any of its objects. There are four types of publicly-accessible URLs for each object. Each type of URL is meant for a different purpose. The sections below describe each of these URL types and how to retrieve them.
HTTP URL¶
You can use this type of URL to access the object over HTTP.
$httpUrl = $object->getPublicUrl();
Secure HTTP URL¶
You can use this type of URL to access the object over HTTP + TLS/SSL.
use OpenCloud\ObjectStore\Constants\UrlType;
$httpsUrl = $object->getPublicUrl(UrlType::SSL);
Streaming URL¶
You can use this type of URL to stream a video or audio object using Adobe’s HTTP Dynamic Streaming.
use OpenCloud\ObjectStore\Constants\UrlType;
$streamingUrl = $object->getPublicUrl(UrlType::STREAMING);
IOS Streaming URL¶
You can use this type of URL to stream an audio or video object to an iOS device.
use OpenCloud\ObjectStore\Constants\UrlType;
$iosStreamingUrl = $object->getPublicUrl(UrlType::IOS_STREAMING);
Update CDN Container TTL¶
You can update the TTL of a CDN-enabled container.
$cdnContainer = $container->getCdn();
$cdnContainer->setTtl(<NEW TTL, IN SECONDS>);
Disable CDN Container¶
If you no longer need CDN capabilities for a container, you can disable them.
$container->disableCdn();
Accounts¶
An account defines a namespace for containers. An account can have zero or more containers in it.
Retrieve Account¶
You must retrieve the account before performing any operations on it.
$account = $objectStoreService->getAccount();
Get Container Count¶
You can quickly find out how many containers are in your account.
$accountContainerCount = $account->getContainerCount();
Get Object Count¶
You can quickly find out how many objects are in your account.
$accountObjectCount = $account->getObjectCount();
[ Get the executable PHP script for this example ]
In the example above, $accountObjectCount will contain the number of objects in the account represented by $account.
Get Bytes Used¶
You can quickly find out the space used by your account, in bytes.
$accountSizeInBytes = $account->getBytesUsed();
[ Get the executable PHP script for this example ]
In the example above, $accountSizeInBytes will contain the space used, in bytes, by the account represented by $account.


Codehaus XFire
Documentation
Quicklinks
Developers
|
The Codehaus XFire team is proud to announce the 1.1 beta release! XFire is an open source Java SOAP framework built on a high performance, streaming XML model. XFire includes support for web service standards, an easy to use API, Spring integration, JBI support, and plugable bindings for POJOs, JAXB, and XMLBeans.
XFire 1.1 beta incorporates many new features:
- WS-Security support
- MTOM support
- Improved HTTP client performance
- Java2WSDL Ant Task
- WSDL2Java improvements
- Many bug fixes
Many thanks to those who helped build and test this release!
Download Here
Upgrading to 1.1-beta-1 from 1.0
Errata
Issues closed since last release
|
jira.codehaus.org
(22 issues)
|
|
T |
Key |
Summary |
Assignee |
Reporter |
Pr |
Status |
Res |
Created |
Updated |
Due |
|
|
XFIRE-320
|
Incorrect example in javadoc for XFireProxyFactory
|
Dan Diephouse
|
Fredrik Larsson
|
|
Closed
|
FIXED
|
Mar 29, 2006
|
Mar 30, 2006
|
|
|
|
XFIRE-318
|
Invalid exception on empty element
|
Dan Diephouse
|
Karthikeyan M.
|
|
Closed
|
FIXED
|
Mar 27, 2006
|
Mar 29, 2006
|
|
|
|
XFIRE-310
|
Create better AnnotationServiceFactory constructors
|
Dan Diephouse
|
Dan Diephouse
|
|
Closed
|
FIXED
|
Mar 16, 2006
|
Mar 17, 2006
|
|
|
|
XFIRE-309
|
Refactor Http transport to take advantage of persistent connections
|
Dan Diephouse
|
Mike Youngstrom
|
|
Closed
|
FIXED
|
Mar 16, 2006
|
Mar 20, 2006
|
|
|
|
XFIRE-308
|
MessageBindingProvider does not close XMLStreamReader
|
Dan Diephouse
|
Gerrie Kimpen
|
|
Closed
|
FIXED
|
Mar 16, 2006
|
Mar 17, 2006
|
|
|
|
XFIRE-307
|
RPCBinding cannot process response message in client mode
|
Dan Diephouse
|
Flier Lu
|
|
Closed
|
FIXED
|
Mar 16, 2006
|
Mar 17, 2006
|
|
|
|
XFIRE-298
|
Maven2 POMs
|
Dan Diephouse
|
Emil A. Lefkof III
|
|
Closed
|
FIXED
|
Mar 10, 2006
|
Mar 13, 2006
|
|
|
|
XFIRE-297
|
Jsr181HandlerMapping may force spring to create abstract bean
|
Dan Diephouse
|
Flier Lu
|
|
Closed
|
FIXED
|
Mar 10, 2006
|
Mar 15, 2006
|
|
|
|
XFIRE-295
|
optionally add xs:any & xs:anyAttribute to complex types produced by Aegis WSDL builder
|
Dan Diephouse
|
Adam J Chesney
|
|
Closed
|
FIXED
|
Mar 09, 2006
|
Mar 27, 2006
|
|
|
|
XFIRE-293
|
Client does not serialize Map correctly
|
Dan Diephouse
|
Dan Diephouse
|
|
Closed
|
CANNOT REPRODUCE
|
Mar 08, 2006
|
Mar 21, 2006
|
|
|
|
XFIRE-292
|
Need a way to manipulat the Client HttpState
|
Dan Diephouse
|
Dan Diephouse
|
|
Closed
|
FIXED
|
Mar 08, 2006
|
Mar 13, 2006
|
|
|
|
XFIRE-287
|
JAXB Sample Compilation problem
|
Dan Diephouse
|
John Mulligan
|
|
Closed
|
FIXED
|
Feb 28, 2006
|
Mar 06, 2006
|
|
|
|
XFIRE-284
|
Allow people to specify invoker on ServiceBean
|
Dan Diephouse
|
Dan Diephouse
|
|
Closed
|
FIXED
|
Feb 27, 2006
|
Mar 02, 2006
|
|
|
|
XFIRE-282
|
Create Javadocs for client
|
Dan Diephouse
|
Dan Diephouse
|
|
Closed
|
FIXED
|
Feb 27, 2006
|
Mar 17, 2006
|
|
|
|
XFIRE-281
|
WSDLServiceBuilder doesn't handle imports
|
Dan Diephouse
|
Dan Diephouse
|
|
Closed
|
FIXED
|
Feb 26, 2006
|
Mar 02, 2006
|
|
|
|
XFIRE-279
|
HTTP proxy support
|
Dan Diephouse
|
Jonas Engman
|
|
Closed
|
FIXED
|
Feb 23, 2006
|
Jul 03, 2006
|
|
|
|
XFIRE-273
|
Create way for async services to provide their own scheduling mechanism
|
Dan Diephouse
|
Dan Diephouse
|
|
Closed
|
FIXED
|
Feb 19, 2006
|
Mar 05, 2006
|
|
|
|
XFIRE-255
|
A reusable invoker with lazy evaluation and different scope support
|
Dan Diephouse
|
Ben Yu
|
|
Closed
|
FIXED
|
Feb 06, 2006
|
Mar 02, 2006
|
|
|
|
XFIRE-252
|
lazy evaluation for Spring ServiceBean
|
Dan Diephouse
|
Ben Yu
|
|
Closed
|
FIXED
|
Feb 02, 2006
|
Apr 03, 2006
|
|
|
|
XFIRE-155
|
MTOM support
|
Dan Diephouse
|
Dan Diephouse
|
|
Closed
|
FIXED
|
Nov 05, 2005
|
Mar 30, 2006
|
|
|
|
XFIRE-149
|
WS-Security implementation
|
Tomasz Sztelak
|
Tomasz Sztelak
|
|
Closed
|
FIXED
|
Oct 17, 2005
|
Mar 27, 2006
|
|
|
|
XFIRE-12
|
WS-Securitiy support.
|
Unassigned
|
Dan Diephouse
|
|
Closed
|
DUPLICATE
|
Sep 20, 2004
|
Feb 26, 2006
|
|
|


Besides concrete problems with the current status quo in Python Unicode, I think there's a general philosophical problem to the way Unicode is expected to be used in Python.
The convention in other languages is that you define boundaries, and you put thought into the encoding at those boundaries (maybe using some particular metadata like an HTTP header, maybe using convention or configuration -- there's no single rule). Then inside the boundaries there's the safe All-Unicode inner world.
This is a good solution for Java. Unfortunately it just doesn't work in Python, because you can't build good boundaries in Python. There's a couple reasons:
If we got rid of str entirely and added a bytestring type (with a very different API than strings!) then the rest of Python's system would work. Duck typing would work. You wouldn't have to learn best practices through hard-won experience, and you wouldn't have to audit every piece of outside code you use for problems. You could handle Unicode safely and confirm it through unit testing and during the development process. But that's now where we are now; and as a result Python is very prickly and unfriendly when it comes to this issue.
Most criticisms of dynamic typing apply to this very case; and those criticisms are right. This is a case where dynamic typing leads very directly to difficult-to-predict and difficult-to-detect runtime bugs. Dynamic typing only works when you adhere to certain important principles -- one of those is that if objects are not interchangeable they should use differently-named methods.
As a stop-gap I think setdefaultencoding will paper over a lot of these issues. It's not perfect by any means. It's akin to being able to add numbers to strings, and having the numbers automatically coerced into strings in the process -- it's not the sort of feature you really want to introduce; it's clearly sloppy. But until Python 3.0 it's the best option I see.
Note: I don't really think Python Unicode sucks, even if it does annoy me sometimes.
As I mentioned in a comment to the previous post: I setdefaultencoding to utf8 and it pretty much seems to work. No use though for shared hosting environments for code you're distributing for others to use.
I don't think the python situation is so terrible - I've been tempted to look at Rails and/or Borges and/or Seaside lately; one of the things holding me back (apart from the sheer wierdness of the Squeak environment) is that I get the impression unicode handling is even flakier in Ruby & Squeak. That's purely from a few minutes' googling in both cases and I may be wrong.
A few more minutes strolling through comp.lang.ruby strengthens my "it's all about the language's inventor's native language" theory - Ruby's BDFL is of course Japanese, and it seems one reason Ruby is behind python on unicode support (yes, really - or at least lots of Ruby people appear to think so) is the widely-held Japanese belief that Unicode is a tiny and inadequate character set. And for all I know they may be right, although it's good enough for all the languages I think I'm ever likely to be interested in so (just like ASCII-only American programmers) I don't care.
I get the impression that some Japanese people are annoyed that their text is especially space-inefficient in UTF-8. But I don't quite get it -- disk is cheap, RAM doesn't fill up due to native-language text, and gzip encoding should mitigate the bandwidth issues.
# Ian Bicking
you can get a better sense of the issue starting here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han_unification
# anonymous
At least in Ruby my impression is that they only have bytestrings, and a module iconv to convert between encodings. And it's just a wrapper around system libraries, which seems like it's opening up a whole can o' worms of cross-platform compatibility. I'll give credit to the people who handled Python Unicode -- they stepped up and took on a whole lot of work that I expect was both boring and tedious, to give us a very complete and reliable foundation.
This seems strange to me that Ruby isn't better, since Ruby is Japanese and you'd think they'd care even more about encodings. There's even a separate module for Japanese encodings -- Python appears to have better Japanese support than Ruby! It has 13 Japanese encodings built in. I'd tear my hair out if I had to deal with 13 encodings for one language. But at least, bald or not, I'd appreciate the support.
# Ian Bicking
It looks to me like the Ruby example is a case of the perfect being the enemy of the good. Matz, being a smart Japanese programmer and therefore much more keenly aware of Unicode's faults and failings than most people, is therefore reluctant to regard it and use it as the be all and end all of string handling, a la Java or C#. If you google a few of his comp.lang.ruby postings on the subject, it appears he has big ideas, maybe even a prototype, of some kind of better-than-unicode ultimate international text handling. But it Isn't Ready Yet (will it ever be?) and meanwhile Ruby struggles along with some kind of half-working implementation of utf8.
 Python 1.4 called, it wants its broken text handling back.
I'm sorry Ian, but this reads to me like knee-jerk abuse of Python's Unicode triggers knee-jerk abuse of dynamic typing. I disagree with you strongly on both points. I've worked with a lot of people who had the same initial complaints, and with a little bit of discipline and experience, they simply cease to have these sorts of problems, and they do not need to resort to such nasty hacks as changing sysdefault encoding.
And things are far from rosy in the ststically typed Java world, BTW. Static typing does not save any language from the complexities of Unicode. Python is well ahead of Java in some respects. And what of that complexity of Unicode? My thoughts here:
http://copia.ogbuji.net/blog/2005-08-04/alt_unicod
TANSTAAFL.
Having dynamic types does NOT meant that you can be sloppy about what your functions should expect and can handle. And this comment is not just valid for string types, it is for all types. If you're not thinking about what types you are working on, then you will suffer from those encode/decode errors. There is no fix for this.
Once trick that you might want to use: use a variant of Hungarian notation to indicate the expected type, e.g.
uname = name.decode('latin-1')or
name_u = name.decode('latin-1')Sometimes when there is a chance for confusion, I even mark the encoded strings:
buffer_utf8 = ...Maybe you could even have another suffix for when the object your handling is _either_ of the string types. I used to suffer the same plight, until the day I decided to sit down and really understand how Unicode works, and then I made decisions in my source code to always think about which kinds of string I'm handling where. Now I never have any troubles anymore. Dynamic typing means that it is easy for you to make mistakes. Make decisions and add assertions in your code to ensure that you're moving the correct types between functions.
Also, dealing with Unicode strings is not as efficient as simple encoded strings (e.g. data), so both data types need to remain. This problems is thus not likely to go away.
To me all this ranting is just telling that you've been sloppy about which types you are working with. The problem is not Python, the problem is this habit that we all fall into at some point to not look at the problem straight in the face and to spend some time understanding all the details (granted, I suppose that's what you're doing now, but with a lot of blog noise...).
If you just take the habit to decide, everywhere, all the time, which types of string object you're accepting (str, Unicode, or string-or-unicode), your problems will go away.
# Martin
Dynamic typing only works when you adhere to certain important principles -- one of those is that if objects are not interchangeable they should use differently-named methods.
If you really meant that, you'd have to abandon polymorphism for good and all. If (classes of) objects were truly interchangeable, the only possible difference would be in performance. So since sets and bags are not interchangeable, we'd have to use addToSet and addToBag methods instead of just add methods in each one.
You've got a hold of a serious point here, but you are holding the stick at the wrong end. To begin with, a better title (if less blogospherically trendy) would be "Why Python 'str' Sucks".4
Abandoning polymorphism seems extreme. I read the originating comment as 'if objects are not interchangeable, they should use differently-named methods for places where that difference lies".
Both sets and bags support addition, existence testing, held object counts, and the like. 'add' is thus a perfectly fine method for both, and usage via duck typing makes sense - if an add method exists, then I can use it. Where you run into problems is when there is a behavioral difference - a set can return only a single item, thus the idea of a 'countOfItem' method in a Set is silly. In a bag, it is not. Thus, the key behavioral difference shows up in a way visible to duck typing, and it is visible for those clients that care.
The problem with strings is that there are two different classes that have virtually identical method signatures, so client code interacting with these classes has a hard time knowing wherther it will get something that behaves well with Unicode.
Scott
# Scott Ellsworth
The point was intended to include only dynamically typed languages (i.e. Ruby with its duck typing). In other words, the risk of naming incompatible methods with the same name only exists if the language will assume these similarly named methods denote polymorphic behavior. In contrast, with a statically typed language like Java, polymorphism will only be assumed if the classes are explicitly placed in a class hierarchy using inheritance. (Unless, of course that is bypassed using reflection, as with Java Beans).
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AbdelFattah Al-Sisi
Abdel Fattah Saeed Hussein Khalil el-Sisi[a] (born 19 November 1954) is an Egyptian politician who is the sixth and current President of Egypt, former Director of Military Intelligence, former Minister of Defence, and former General. Starting 10 February 2019, Sisi also began serving a one-year term as Chairperson of the African Union, which concluded in 2020.[1]
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{% extends "buggy/base.html" %} {% load static buggy_tags %} {% block content %} {{ form.non_field_errors }} {% include "buggy/_formfield.html" with field=form.search %} {% include "buggy/_formfield.html" with field=form.projects %} {% include "buggy/_formfield.html" with field=form.created_by %} {% include "buggy/_formfield.html" with field=form.assigned_to %} {% include "buggy/_formfield.html" with field=form.state %} {% include "buggy/_formfield.html" with field=form.priority %} {# The form is normally submitted by pjax #} Preset Filters {% svg 'img/lock.svg' %}Current {% svg 'img/lock.svg' %} Mine {% for preset in request.user.presetfilter_set.all %} {% include 'buggy/_presetfilter.html' %} {% endfor %} {% csrf_token %} Create a new preset with the current filter values {% include "buggy/_formfield.html" with field=preset_form.name %} {% include 'buggy/_bug_list.html' %} {% endblock %}
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Environmental Havoc: Flight of Migratory Birds Cut Short in India, 1,000 Found Dead near Lake
New Delhi (Sputnik): The Sambhar Lake in India’s Jaipur city is an internationally-recognised wetland visited by numerous migratory birds during the winter.
Nearly 1,000 birds, including migratory species, have been found dead around Sambhar Lake in Jaipur, the capital city of India’s Rajasthan state, according to officials, who suspect water contamination could have killed the birds.
Assistant Conservator of Forests Sanjay Kaushik said, “We will get the water tested for contamination, or if it was some viral disease. Prima facie, it is not a case of hunting.”
Soon, Twitter was flooded with reactions expressing concern over the alarming environmental crisis manifesting in different ways.
A team of revenue, forest and veterinary officials visited the area and found around 1,000 carcasses of 15 species, including those of Northern Shovelers, Ruddy Shelduck, and Plovers, among others.
"A veterinary team collected the samples and sent it to the National Institute of High-Security Animal Disease Center, Bhopal city of Madhya Pradesh. The result is expected in four to five days,” a forest department official told media.
This is not the first time that the country has witnessed the debilitating effects of environmental degradation on animal species.
A similar incident in Rajasthan’s Jodhpur city came to light last week, where over 40 demoiselle cranes were found dead. Their viscera (an internal organ) have been sent for investigation and reports are awaited.
In January 2019, carcasses of nearly 600 Olive Ridely turtles washed ashore in just two days in India’s coastal state of Odisha.
It was suspected that the endangered species was killed after being hit by fishing trawlers or getting entangled in fishing nets. There is a prohibition on fishing within a distance of 20-km from the affected beach, but it is suspected that trawler operators violated the ban, news reports said.


Leigh Griffiths receives huge Celtic boost as Neil Lennon makes glowing striker prediction
The 29-year-old has had to contain himself with a watching brief with Lennon's side securing qualification to the last 32 of the Europa League.
by Graeme Young, https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/authors/graeme-young/Confident Neil Lennon believes Leigh Griffiths' best days in a Celtic jersey are still to come after the striker returned to action against Livingston.
The Scotland international looked dangerous in the closing stages of the 4-0 win and made his first appearance in three months after battling a raft of injuries.
Griffiths started the season in fine form after stepping away from the game to deal with personal issues during the second half of last season.
But the 29-year-old has had to contain himself with a watching brief with Lennon's side securing qualification to the last 32 of the Europa League.
Odsonne Edouard has ploughed a lone furrow for much of the campaign with Griffiths and Vakoun Bayo on the sidelines.
The Celtic boss revealed the pair have spoken about his long-term future with the Premiership champions.
And the Irishman insists there's no reason to suggest Griffiths can't rediscover his best form after returning to the first team fold.
He told Celtic TV: "I have spoken to him about this.
"I didn't come to Celtic until I was 29 and people thought I had been here all my life.
"If you look after yourself and keep yourself in good condition, you can play for a long time now, the way the modern game is going.
"He certainly has the appetite for it. There is a hunger there to get back in and he really missed playing.
"Hopefully he will get fitter and stronger and have a good run of games now. He needs to do extra work, he needs to stay on top of his condition.
"He is in reasonable condition now and he is working hard and to make sure he stays fit.
"The fitter you are, the more robust you become and then you are less likely to pick up soft tissue injuries which is one that he had with a thigh strain.
"It is good to have him back, it adds that little bit of quality to the attack and strength that we already have."


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This tutorial shows how expression and network data can be combined to tell a biological story using these steps:
Let’s open a Cytoscape demo session file:
#R
openSession()
#Python
py4.open_session()
Let’s specify the node fill color as a gradient ranging from blue to red for expression values using a continuous mapping for the ‘gal80Rexp’ column:
#R
setNodeColorMapping('gal80Rexp', colors=paletteColorBrewerRdBu, style.name="galFiltered Style")
#Python
py4.set_node_color_mapping(**py4.gen_node_color_map('gal80Rexp', py4.palette_color_brewer_d_RdBu(), style_name="galFiltered Style"))
To visualize the significance of measurements, let's add a contiuous mapping for 'gal80Rsig' p-values to Node Border Color:
#R
setNodeBorderColorMapping('gal80Rsig',c(0,0.05), c("#FF0000","#FF0000","#FF0000","#555555"),style.name="galFiltered Style")
#Python
py4.set_node_border_color_mapping('gal80Rsig',[0,0.05], ["#FF0000","#FF0000","#FF0000","#555555"],style_name="galFiltered Style")
...and let's also map the same gal80RSig values to set the Node Border Widths:
#R
setNodeBorderWidthMapping('gal80Rsig',c(0,0.05),c(4,4,4,1),style.name="galFiltered Style")
#Python
py4.set_node_border_width_mapping('gal80Rsig',[0,0.05], [4,4,4,1],style_name="galFiltered Style")
Cytoscape allows you to easily filter and select nodes and edges based on data attributes. Next, we will select a subset of nodes with high expression in the gal80 knockout:
#R
createColumnFilter('myFilter', 'gal80Rexp', 2, "GREATER_THAN")
#Python
py4.create_column_filter('myFilter', 'gal80Rexp', 2, "GREATER_THAN")
No edges selected. $nodes [1] "YBR019C" "YBR020W" "YBR018C" $edges [1] NA
We have now selected only the few top expressing nodes. To see the context of these nodes in the larger network, we can expand the selection to second-degree neighbors.
#R
selectFirstNeighbors() #first degree
selectFirstNeighbors() #second degree
#Python
py4.select_first_neighbors() #first degree
py4.select_first_neighbors() #second degree
Finally, we can create a subnetwork from this selection and apply a layout algorithm:
#R
createSubnetwork(nodes="selected", subnetwork.name='galFiltered sub')
layoutNetwork('force-directed')
#Python
py4.create_subnetwork(nodes="selected", subnetwork_name='galFiltered sub')
py4.layout_network('force-directed')
Finally, we can now export this network as a publication-quality image....
#R
saveSession('basic-data-visualization.cys')
exportImage('basic-data-visualization', 'PDF')
#Python
py4.save_session('basic-data-visualization.cys')
py4.export_image('basic-data-visualization', 'PDF')


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{% blocktrans %}Deleting the selected {{ objects_name }} would require deleting then following protected related objects:{% endblocktrans %}
{% for obj in protected %}
{{ obj }}
{% endfor %}
{% endif %}
{% else %}
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| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
java.lang.Object org.apache.xpath.compiler.OpMap
public class OpMap
This class represents the data structure basics of the XPath object.
| Field Summary | |
|---|---|
(package private) static int |
BLOCKTOKENQUEUESIZE
|
protected java.lang.String |
m_currentPattern
The current pattern string, for diagnostics purposes |
(package private) OpMapVector |
m_opMap
An operations map is used instead of a proper parse tree. |
(package private) ObjectVector |
m_tokenQueue
TokenStack is the queue of used tokens. |
static int |
MAPINDEX_LENGTH
The length is always the opcode position + 1. |
(package private) static int |
MAXTOKENQUEUESIZE
The starting size of the token queue. |
| Constructor Summary | |
|---|---|
OpMap()
|
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
void |
error(java.lang.String msg,
java.lang.Object[] args)
Tell the user of an error, and probably throw an exception. |
int |
getArgLength(int opPos)
Get the length of an operation. |
int |
getArgLengthOfStep(int opPos)
Given a location step, get the length of that step. |
static int |
getFirstChildPos(int opPos)
Go to the first child of a given operation. |
static int |
getFirstChildPosOfStep(int opPos)
Get the first child position of a given location step. |
int |
getFirstPredicateOpPos(int opPos)
Given an FROM_stepType position, return the position of the first predicate, if there is one, or else this will point to the end of the FROM_stepType. |
int |
getNextOpPos(int opPos)
Given an operation position, return the end position, i.e. |
static int |
getNextOpPos(int[] opMap,
int opPos)
Given an operation position, return the end position, i.e. |
int |
getNextStepPos(int opPos)
Given a location step position, return the end position, i.e. |
int |
getOp(int opPos)
Given an operation position, return the current op. |
OpMapVector |
getOpMap()
Get the opcode list that describes the XPath operations. |
java.lang.String |
getPatternString()
Return the expression as a string for diagnostics. |
java.lang.String |
getStepLocalName(int opPosOfStep)
Get the local name of the step. |
java.lang.String |
getStepNS(int opPosOfStep)
Get the namespace of the step. |
int |
getStepTestType(int opPosOfStep)
Get the test type of the step, i.e. |
java.lang.Object |
getToken(int pos)
Get the XPath as a list of tokens. |
ObjectVector |
getTokenQueue()
Get the XPath as a list of tokens. |
int |
getTokenQueueSize()
Get size of the token queue. |
void |
setOp(int opPos,
int value)
Set the op at index to the given int. |
(package private) void |
shrink()
Replace the large arrays with a small array. |
java.lang.String |
toString()
Return the expression as a string for diagnostics. |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
|---|
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait |
| Field Detail |
|---|
protected java.lang.String m_currentPattern
static final int MAXTOKENQUEUESIZE
static final int BLOCKTOKENQUEUESIZE
ObjectVector m_tokenQueue
OpMapVector m_opMap
public static final int MAPINDEX_LENGTH
| Constructor Detail |
|---|
public OpMap()
| Method Detail |
|---|
public java.lang.String toString()
toString
in class java.lang.Object
public java.lang.String getPatternString()
public ObjectVector getTokenQueue()
public java.lang.Object getToken(int pos)
pos
- index into token queue.
public int getTokenQueueSize()
public OpMapVector getOpMap()
void shrink()
public int getOp(int opPos)
opPos
- index into op map.
public void setOp(int opPos, int value)
opPos
- index into op map.value
- Value to setpublic int getNextOpPos(int opPos)
opPos
- An op position of an operation for which there is a size
entry following.
public int getNextStepPos(int opPos)
opPos
- the position of a location step.
public static int getNextOpPos(int[] opMap, int opPos)
opMap
- The operations map.opPos
- index to operation, for which there is a size entry following.
public int getFirstPredicateOpPos(int opPos) throws javax.xml.transform.TransformerException
opPos
- position of FROM_stepType op.
javax.xml.transform.TransformerException
public void error(java.lang.String msg, java.lang.Object[] args) throws javax.xml.transform.TransformerException
msg
- An error msgkey that corresponds to one of the constants found
in XPATHErrorResources
, which is
a key for a format string.args
- An array of arguments represented in the format string, which
may be null.
TransformerException
- if the current ErrorListoner determines to
throw an exception.public static int getFirstChildPos(int opPos)
opPos
- position of operation.
public int getArgLength(int opPos)
opPos
- The position of the operation in the op map.
public int getArgLengthOfStep(int opPos)
opPos
- Position of location step in op map.
public static int getFirstChildPosOfStep(int opPos)
opPos
- Position of location step in the location map.
public int getStepTestType(int opPosOfStep)
opPosOfStep
- The position of the FROM_XXX step.
public java.lang.String getStepNS(int opPosOfStep)
opPosOfStep
- The position of the FROM_XXX step.
public java.lang.String getStepLocalName(int opPosOfStep)
opPosOfStep
- The position of the FROM_XXX step.
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| The Band - | Ethan Glenn, Samuel Tibbs, Will Thompson, Brennan Wade |
| The Patriots - | Erin Biglane, Josh Crosby, Anna Myers, Kendra Stevison, Taylor Thompson |
| The Women’s Suffragettes - | Kaitlyn Busby, Kari Dedwylder Hanna May, Amanda Monsalve, Zoe Vanderslice |
| From The Circus - | Ricardo January, Carter Poister, Jamie Rambin, Abi Welsh |


Auberge Dolcin
Full stack Developer With MERN
Welcome to my Portfolio, my name is Auberge Dolcin, I have been sturdying full stack Developement with MERN stack at MIT XPRO for the last 10 weeks, and in this portfolio I showcase some of my Projects
Welcome to my Portfolio, my name is Auberge Dolcin, I have been sturdying full stack Developement with MERN stack at MIT XPRO for the last 10 weeks, and in this portfolio I showcase some of my Projects


BRAM STOKER'S DRACULA [SPOILERS] A film review by Jimmy A. Miller Copyright 1992 Jimmy A. Miller
This is a review for Francis Ford Coppola's DRACULA. There are a few spoilers, so bail out now.
Hrmm. This film has some *MAJOR* problems during the first act. I honestly felt like getting up and walking out for a while. Keanu Reeves was painful to watch as the proper Englishman Jonathan Harker, and the usually engaging Winona Ryder seemed quite stilted as Mina.  Many of the visual effects also seemed so utterly cheesy as to elicit laughter. The use of diary-style narration was jarring in the early going, and the movie was quite slow to develop (let's leave out the bizarre armor they hung on Vlad Dracul going out to battle the Turks). The only characters worth watching at all were Vlad himself and Mina's friend Lucy (played by Sadie Frost), who were both interesting, engaging, and even sympathetic (especially as the movie wore on).
Then Vlad comes to England, leaving Reeves to the tender mercies of his vampiric harem (no joke, and I wish I had a bed like that). Slowly, an entirely different movie begins to appear. Ryder's Mina becomes much more real, and the young version of Vlad manages to be both menacing and seductive. The other characters, though still lacking much depth, at least begin to seem real in their words and deeds, and quit acting like they just memorized their lines ten minutes beforehand. Lucy, in fact, almost steals the show from Ryder (who in all truth doesn't have much to do) in her portrayal of the girl being transformed into a vampire. Her seductiveness, sudden fears and fits made her real and sympathetic, and made her eventual death(s) that much more emotionally engaging.
Before Lucy finally fades, however, Antony Hopkins enters as Abraham Van Helsing, and quite thoroughly takes command of the screen. His very enjoyable, sometimes campy, sometimes foreboding performance lifts the entire movie. Reeve's reappearance after his escape from Vlad's castle (why he is left alive is not really explained) seems to take heart from Hopkins, and he actually turns in a credible performance after this point.
The focus now on her character, Ryder does fine, though I honestly felt something lacking. This I found disappointing, as I'm a fan of Ryder, and felt she could have done a better job. Still, it suffices, but only barely.
Things finally start to move at the end, which a chase scene and fight, plus a wry twist on things when Vlad chooses to be slain rather than condemn Mina to life of the damned. Despite all odds, this scene somehow worked for me.
The sets and costuming (with some jarring exceptions) were very nice, and added to the feel of the film. This movie has its problems, most of which I'm tempted to plop into Coppola's lap. Ridley Scott or Tim Burton could have done much better. That this movie succeeds at all would seem to me to be in spite of Coppola, not due to any great vision of his. As I noted earlier many of the effects were not only cheap-looking (and thus failed in that measure to create the mood they were after) but unnecessary -- the blue fire rings, for example. Puppet-like movements of figures in the battle scene. Moving shadows, etc. The exceptions to this were the supernatural creatures -- the vampires, the werewolf (it sure looked like one), and the accompanying blood. Those at least were well done. Much of the acting was wooden for far too long.  This movie is over-wrought and top-heavy. It only succeeds well in the scenes that contain some eroticism.
I was quite disappointed. This movie had some real potential but something was lost somewhere along the way. You had the feel of *something* good straining to get through, but no dice. Unlike BATMAN RETURNS, which succeeded for me despite obvious flaws in the narrative, DRACULA could not quite make the same visceral impression.
I would not pay full price for this movie. Try a matinee or some other cut-rate time (and try not to squirm too much for the first thirty minutes or so), or wait for video and fast-forward to the point where Reeves is seduced by the female vampires. You'll be happy you did.
This flick is rated R for nudity and some gore.
semper fi,
Jammer Jim Miller Texas A&M University '89 and '91
.
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--- layout: default --- {% include item_header.html name = page.workshop_name type="workshop"%} {{content}} {% for k in site.kits %} {% if k.workshop == page.slug %}
Just want the kit? Go here to order one & we'll get it in the post!
{%endif%} {% endfor %} {% include media_carousel.html media=page.media %}Book your one to one workshop on our Facebook page or drop us an email for more details.


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While I work as a software developer in my day job, I am also a small businessman and thus curious about companies that are in different industries.
Mechanical engineering and shop-related activities like woodcrafting seemed kinda nifty, in the sense of getting to build something physical.
I've done renovations on houses over the years, so I am no stranger to working with my hands, having done quite a lot of repairs. Yet I was looking for something more than just drilling holes with a press, painting or using a glue-gun.
Now I try to stay up-to-date with the Winnipeg business scene, so I looked around at some of the makerspaces and other facilities that allow public membership. This place called the North Forge looked simple enough and they even offered training in several types of CNC and laser etching machines.
Lasers are neat, so the device of choice was the Epilog Fusion M2-40 with 120W laser. You can see a picture of it below; inspite of website appearance, it is infact rather massive in size and requires a bit of skill to use safely.
Note that the image isn't blurry; this particular machine had been through a lot, but otherwise had been holding up well over the years.
The software supplied with the machine is not dissimilar from a standard SVG drawing program, such as Illustrator or CorelDraw, and it supports both raster and vector types of images: BMP, PNG, JPEG, SVG, etc. Ideally it prefers vector graphics since they allow the user to precisely set the hairline and tell the laser where to etch or engrave and then where to cut.
My choice of design was inspired by the Flag of Gdańsk since my family was originally from there and I still have relatives who live in the area. It's a neat enough symbol that isn't too complex for a first attempt, and could be drawn as an SVG in a short timeframe; admittedly I drew my own at home so as to save time once I was at the makerspace.
Ensuring that the exhaust system was on and that the facility was well ventilated, I opened the main door and cleaned the three lenses that are used by the laser. The instructor then supplied a piece of scrap wood for me to practice on.
The Fusion supports many types of material, so the laser needs to be precisely on the correct setting, lest there be potentially overheating of the wood or even damage to the servos that move the laser. So the next step required that I do a bit of manual reading to determine what parameters are actually safe. After inputting those and using the small joystick to select the starting point, I send the job to console and it started the laser cutting.
See the blurriness in the middle? That is where the the head was moving across the board at incredible speeds. To begin, I tested out the software to see how the hairline settings worked and ended up with this:
Alright, so I can draw font and simple shapes now. Excellent. Time to move on to testing it with the SVG I drew earlier. Following all of the safety procedures, I send the image and started up the machine. Afterwards I got this:
Ouch. Seems I had overdone it and burned part of the wood. In addition, the cutlines were in the wrong place and then caused the laser to burn gapping holes in the wood at the minor details of the crown and small crosses. Though I was rather impressed by how accurate it can cut; some of those tiny details are less than 1 millimetre.
Fixing all of the mistakes from the previous attempt, I took a few minutes to clean up the vector graphic and set the hairlines to only cut at the edges. Then discovering that there is an engrave mode which can cut only a little bit into the wood, I decide to try it. My next attempt was as follows:
Not bad, wouldn't you say? All of the small details were etched out quite well, even the tiny bumps on the edges of the leaves that are on the top of the crown.
So the Epilog Fusion was neat machine to use, and my experience with it was good. Thanks again to the North Forge for letting me play around with their equipment.
Below is a quick gallery of some of the art that other, more talented users, were building in the meantime:


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each day.That’s why we’ve developed ABC – child care software that truly makes a difference for childcare owners
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CCA: Canonical correlation analysis
The package provide a set of functions that extend the
cancor function with new numerical and graphical outputs. It
also include a regularized extension of the cannonical
correlation analysis to deal with datasets with more variables
than observations.
| Version: |
1.2 |
| Depends: |
fda, fields |
| Published: |
2012-10-29 |
| Author: |
Ignacio González, Sébastien Déjean |
| Maintainer: |
Sébastien Déjean <sebastien.dejean at math.univ-toulouse.fr> |
| License: |
GPL-2 | GPL-3 [expanded from: GPL (≥ 2)] |
| NeedsCompilation: |
no |
| CRAN checks: |
CCA results |
Downloads:
Reverse dependencies:
Linking:
Please use the canonical form
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=CCA
to link to this page.


cvpr cvpr2013 cvpr2013-234 cvpr2013-234-reference knowledge-graph by maker-knowledge-mining
Source: pdf
Author: Mayank Bansal, Kostas Daniilidis
Abstract: We address the problem of matching images with disparate appearance arising from factors like dramatic illumination (day vs. night), age (historic vs. new) and rendering style differences. The lack of local intensity or gradient patterns in these images makes the application of pixellevel descriptors like SIFT infeasible. We propose a novel formulation for detecting and matching persistent features between such images by analyzing the eigen-spectrum of the joint image graph constructed from all the pixels in the two images. We show experimental results of our approach on a public dataset of challenging image pairs and demonstrate significant performance improvements over state-of-the-art.
[1] P. Arbelaez, M. Maire, C. Fowlkes, and J. Malik. Contour detection and hierarchical image segmentation. PAMI, 33(5):898–916, 2011. 1, 3
[2] D. Glasner, S. Vitaladevuni, and R. Basri. Contour-based joint clustering of multiple segmentations. In CVPR, 2011. 2
[3] D. Hauagge and N. Snavely. Image matching using local symmetry features. In CVPR, 2012. 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8
[4] D. Lowe. Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints. IJCV, 60(2):91–1 10, 2004. 4, 5, 6
[5] J. Matas, O. Chum, M. Urban, and T. Pajdla. Robust wide-baseline stereo from maximally stable extremal regions. Image and Vision Computing, 22(10):761–767, 2004. 5
[6] K. Mikolajczyk, T. Tuytelaars, C. Schmid, A. Zisserman, J. Matas, F. Schaffalitzky, T. Kadir, and L. Gool. A comparison of affine region detectors. IJCV, 65(1):43–72, 2005. 6
[7] E. Shechtman and M. Irani. Matching local self-similarities across images and videos. In CVPR, 2007. 2
[8] A. Shrivastava, T. Malisiewicz, A. Gupta, and A. A. Efros. Datadriven visual similarity for cross-domain image matching. ACM Transaction of Graphics (TOG) (Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH ASIA), 30(6), 2011. 2, 6, 7
[9] A. Toshev, J. Shi, and K. Daniilidis. Image matching via saliency region correspondences. In CVPR, 2007. 2
[10] U. Von Luxburg. A tutorial on spectral clustering. Statistics and computing, 17(4):395–416, 2007. 4
[11] S. Yu, R. Gross, and J. Shi. Concurrent object recognition and segmentation by graph partitioning. In Proc. NIPS, pages 1383–1390, 2002. 1, 2<PHONE_NUMBER>77


WITNESS LIST Criminal Jurisprudence Committee April 11, 2001-2:00P HB 238 For: Liu, Livia (Dallas County DA's Office) HB 1328 Registering, but not testifying: For: Harrell, William (ACLU of Texas & NAACP) HB 2169 Registering, but not testifying: For: Harrell, William (ACLU of Tx) HB 2305 Registering, but not testifying: For: Harrell, William (ACLU) HB 2410 Registering, but not testifying: For: Hampton, Keith S. (Texas Criminal Defense Lawyers Assn.) Harrell, William (ACLU) Igo, Shanna (Self) HB 2753 Against: Hampton, Keith S. (Texas Criminal Defense Lawyers Assn) Harrell, William (ACLU of Texas & NAACP) On: Montford McCracken, Mindy (Texas District and County Attorney's Assoc.) Noll, Chuck (Harris Cty Dist Atty's Office) HB 3351 On: Boatright, David M. (Texas Dept. of Public Safety) Registering, but not testifying: For: Harris, Bill (Self and Texas District & County Atty. Assoc.) HB 3351 Committee Substitute (Hinojosa) On: Budge, Joel (Texas Department of Public Safety) HB 3613 On: Triana, Judge Gisela (Self)