NOTE: Transactional topologies have been deprecated – use the Trident framework instead.
Storm guarantees data processing by providing an at least once processing guarantee. The most common question asked about Storm is “Given that tuples can be replayed, how do you do things like counting on top of Storm? Won’t you overcount?”
Storm 0.7.0 introduces transactional topologies, which enable you to get exactly once messaging semantics for pretty much any computation. So you can do things like counting in a fully-accurate, scalable, and fault-tolerant way.
Like Distributed RPC, transactional topologies aren’t so much a feature of Storm as they are a higher level abstraction built on top of Storm’s primitives of streams, spouts, bolts, and topologies.
This page explains the transactional topology abstraction, how to use the API, and provides details as to its implementation.
Concepts
Let’s build up to Storm’s abstraction for transactional topologies one step at a time. Let’s start by looking at the simplest possible approach, and then we’ll iterate on the design until we reach Storm’s design.
Design 1
The core idea behind transactional topologies is to provide a strong ordering on the processing of data. The simplest manifestation of this, and the first design we’ll look at, is processing the tuples one at a time and not moving on to the next tuple until the current tuple has been successfully processed by the topology.
Each tuple is associated with a transaction id. If the tuple fails and needs to be replayed, then it is emitted with the exact same transaction id. A transaction id is an integer that increments for every tuple, so the first tuple will have transaction id 1
, the second id 2
, and so on.
The strong ordering of tuples gives you the capability to achieve exactly-once semantics even in the case of tuple replay. Let’s look at an example of how you would do this.
Suppose you want to do a global count of the tuples in the stream. Instead of storing just the count in the database, you instead store the count and the latest transaction id together as one value in the database. When your code updates the count in the db, it should update the count only if the transaction id in the database differs from the transaction id for the tuple currently being processed. Consider the two cases:
- The transaction id in the database is different than the current transaction id: Because of the strong ordering of transactions, we know for sure that the current tuple isn’t represented in that count. So we can safely increment the count and update the transaction id.
- The transaction id is the same as the current transaction id: Then we know that this tuple is already incorporated into the count and can skip the update. The tuple must have failed after updating the database but before reporting success back to Storm.
This logic and the strong ordering of transactions ensures that the count in the database will be accurate even if tuples are replayed. Credit for this trick of storing a transaction id in the database along with the value goes to the Kafka devs, particularly this design document.
Furthermore, notice that the topology can safely update many sources of state in the same transaction and achieve exactly-once semantics. If there’s a failure, any updates that already succeeded will skip on the retry, and any updates that failed will properly retry. For example, if you were processing a stream of tweeted urls, you could update a database that stores a tweet count for each url as well as a database that stores a tweet count for each domain.
There is a significant problem though with this design of processing one tuple at time. Having to wait for each tuple to be completely processed before moving on to the next one is horribly inefficient. It entails a huge amount of database calls (at least one per tuple), and this design makes very little use of the parallelization capabilities of Storm. So it isn’t very scalable.
Design 2
Instead of processing one tuple at a time, a better approach is to process a batch of tuples for each transaction. So if you’re doing a global count, you would increment the count by the number of tuples in the entire batch. If a batch fails, you replay the exact batch that failed. Instead of assigning a transaction id to each tuple, you assign a transaction id to each batch, and the processing of the batches is strongly ordered. Here’s a diagram of this design:
So if you’re processing 1000 tuples per batch, your application will do 1000x less database operations than design 1. Additionally, it takes advantage of Storm’s parallelization capabilities as the computation for each batch can be parallelized.
While this design is significantly better than design 1, it’s still not as resource-efficient as possible. The workers in the topology spend a lot of time being idle waiting for the other portions of the computation to finish. For example, in a topology like this:
After bolt 1 finishes its portion of the processing, it will be idle until the rest of the bolts finish and the next batch can be emitted from the spout.
Design 3 (Storm’s design)
A key realization is that not all the work for processing batches of tuples needs to be strongly ordered. For example, when computing a global count, there’s two parts to the computation:
- Computing the partial count for the batch
- Updating the global count in the database with the partial count
The computation of #2 needs to be strongly ordered across the batches, but there’s no reason you shouldn’t be able to pipeline the computation of the batches by computing #1 for many batches in parallel. So while batch 1 is working on updating the database, batches 2 through 10 can compute their partial counts.
Storm accomplishes this distinction by breaking the computation of a batch into two phases:
- The processing phase: this is the phase that can be done in parallel for many batches
- The commit phase: The commit phases for batches are strongly ordered. So the commit for batch 2 is not done until the commit for batch 1 has been successful.
The two phases together are called a “transaction”. Many batches can be in the processing phase at a given moment, but only one batch can be in the commit phase. If there’s any failure in the processing or commit phase for a batch, the entire transaction is replayed (both phases).
Design details
When using transactional topologies, Storm does the following for you:
- Manages state: Storm stores in Zookeeper all the state necessary to do transactional topologies. This includes the current transaction id as well as the metadata defining the parameters for each batch.
- Coordinates the transactions: Storm will manage everything necessary to determine which transactions should be processing or committing at any point.
- Fault detection: Storm leverages the acking framework to efficiently determine when a batch has successfully processed, successfully committed, or failed. Storm will then replay batches appropriately. You don’t have to do any acking or anchoring – Storm manages all of this for you.
- First class batch processing API: Storm layers an API on top of regular bolts to allow for batch processing of tuples. Storm manages all the coordination for determining when a task has received all the tuples for that particular transaction. Storm will also take care of cleaning up any accumulated state for each transaction (like the partial counts).
Finally, another thing to note is that transactional topologies require a source queue that can replay an exact batch of messages. Technologies like Kestrel can’t do this. Apache Kafka is a perfect fit for this kind of spout, and storm-kafka in storm-contrib contains a transactional spout implementation for Kafka.
The basics through example
You build transactional topologies by using TransactionalTopologyBuilder. Here’s the transactional topology definition for a topology that computes the global count of tuples from the input stream. This code comes from TransactionalGlobalCount in storm-starter.
java
MemoryTransactionalSpout spout = new MemoryTransactionalSpout(DATA, new Fields("word"), PARTITION_TAKE_PER_BATCH);
TransactionalTopologyBuilder builder = new TransactionalTopologyBuilder("global-count", "spout", spout, 3);
builder.setBolt("partial-count", new BatchCount(), 5)
.shuffleGrouping("spout");
builder.setBolt("sum", new UpdateGlobalCount())
.globalGrouping("partial-count");
TransactionalTopologyBuilder
takes as input in the constructor an id for the transactional topology, an id for the spout within the topology, a transactional spout, and optionally the parallelism for the transactional spout. The id for the transactional topology is used to store state about the progress of topology in Zookeeper, so that if you restart the topology it will continue where it left off.
A transactional topology has a single TransactionalSpout
that is defined in the constructor of TransactionalTopologyBuilder
. In this example, MemoryTransactionalSpout
is used which reads in data from an in-memory partitioned source of data (the DATA
variable). The second argument defines the fields for the data, and the third argument specifies the maximum number of tuples to emit from each partition per batch of tuples. The interface for defining your own transactional spouts is discussed later on in this tutorial.
Now on to the bolts. This topology parallelizes the computation of the global count. The first bolt, BatchCount
, randomly partitions the input stream using a shuffle grouping and emits the count for each partition. The second bolt, UpdateGlobalCount
, does a global grouping and sums together the partial counts to get the count for the batch. It then updates the global count in the database if necessary.
Here’s the definition of BatchCount
:
```java public static class BatchCount extends BaseBatchBolt { Object _id; BatchOutputCollector _collector;
int _count = 0;
@Override
public void prepare(Map conf, TopologyContext context, BatchOutputCollector collector, Object id) {
_collector = collector;
_id = id;
}
@Override
public void execute(Tuple tuple) {
_count++;
}
@Override
public void finishBatch() {
_collector.emit(new Values(_id, _count));
}
@Override
public void declareOutputFields(OutputFieldsDeclarer declarer) {
declarer.declare(new Fields("id", "count"));
} } ```
A new instance of this object is created for every batch that’s being processed. The actual bolt this runs within is called BatchBoltExecutor and manages the creation and cleanup for these objects.
The prepare
method parameterizes this batch bolt with the Storm config, the topology context, an output collector, and the id for this batch of tuples. In the case of transactional topologies, the id will be a TransactionAttempt object. The batch bolt abstraction can be used in Distributed RPC as well which uses a different type of id for the batches. BatchBolt
can actually be parameterized with the type of the id, so if you only intend to use the batch bolt for transactional topologies, you can extend BaseTransactionalBolt
which has this definition:
java
public abstract class BaseTransactionalBolt extends BaseBatchBolt<TransactionAttempt> {
}
All tuples emitted within a transactional topology must have the TransactionAttempt
as the first field of the tuple. This lets Storm identify which tuples belong to which batches. So when you emit tuples you need to make sure to meet this requirement.
The TransactionAttempt
contains two values: the “transaction id” and the “attempt id”. The “transaction id” is the unique id chosen for this batch and is the same no matter how many times the batch is replayed. The “attempt id” is a unique id for this particular batch of tuples and lets Storm distinguish tuples from different emissions of the same batch. Without the attempt id, Storm could confuse a replay of a batch with tuples from a prior time that batch was emitted. This would be disastrous.
The transaction id increases by 1 for every batch emitted. So the first batch has id “1”, the second has id “2”, and so on.
The execute
method is called for every tuple in the batch. You should accumulate state for the batch in a local instance variable every time this method is called. The BatchCount
bolt increments a local counter variable for every tuple.
Finally, finishBatch
is called when the task has received all tuples intended for it for this particular batch. BatchCount
emits the partial count to the output stream when this method is called.
Here’s the definition of UpdateGlobalCount
:
```java public static class UpdateGlobalCount extends BaseTransactionalBolt implements ICommitter { TransactionAttempt _attempt; BatchOutputCollector _collector;
int _sum = 0;
@Override
public void prepare(Map conf, TopologyContext context, BatchOutputCollector collector, TransactionAttempt attempt) {
_collector = collector;
_attempt = attempt;
}
@Override
public void execute(Tuple tuple) {
_sum+=tuple.getInteger(1);
}
@Override
public void finishBatch() {
Value val = DATABASE.get(GLOBAL_COUNT_KEY);
Value newval;
if(val == null || !val.txid.equals(_attempt.getTransactionId())) {
newval = new Value();
newval.txid = _attempt.getTransactionId();
if(val==null) {
newval.count = _sum;
} else {
newval.count = _sum + val.count;
}
DATABASE.put(GLOBAL_COUNT_KEY, newval);
} else {
newval = val;
}
_collector.emit(new Values(_attempt, newval.count));
}
@Override
public void declareOutputFields(OutputFieldsDeclarer declarer) {
declarer.declare(new Fields("id", "sum"));
} } ```
UpdateGlobalCount
is specific to transactional topologies so it extends BaseTransactionalBolt
. In the execute
method, UpdateGlobalCount
accumulates the count for this batch by summing together the partial batches. The interesting stuff happens in finishBatch
.
First, notice that this bolt implements the ICommitter
interface. This tells Storm that the finishBatch
method of this bolt should be part of the commit phase of the transaction. So calls to finishBatch
for this bolt will be strongly ordered by transaction id (calls to execute
on the other hand can happen during either the processing or commit phases). An alternative way to mark a bolt as a committer is to use the setCommitterBolt
method in TransactionalTopologyBuilder
instead of setBolt
.
The code for finishBatch
in UpdateGlobalCount
gets the current value from the database and compares its transaction id to the transaction id for this batch. If they are the same, it does nothing. Otherwise, it increments the value in the database by the partial count for this batch.
A more involved transactional topology example that updates multiple databases idempotently can be found in storm-starter in the TransactionalWords class.
Transactional Topology API
This section outlines the different pieces of the transactional topology API.
Bolts
There are three kinds of bolts possible in a transactional topology:
- BasicBolt: This bolt doesn’t deal with batches of tuples and just emits tuples based on a single tuple of input.
- BatchBolt: This bolt processes batches of tuples.
execute
is called for each tuple, andfinishBatch
is called when the batch is complete. - BatchBolt’s that are marked as committers: The only difference between this bolt and a regular batch bolt is when
finishBatch
is called. A committer bolt hasfinishedBatch
called during the commit phase. The commit phase is guaranteed to occur only after all prior batches have successfully committed, and it will be retried until all bolts in the topology succeed the commit for the batch. There are two ways to make aBatchBolt
a committer, by having theBatchBolt
implement the ICommitter marker interface, or by using thesetCommiterBolt
method inTransactionalTopologyBuilder
.
Processing phase vs. commit phase in bolts
To nail down the difference between the processing phase and commit phase of a transaction, let’s look at an example topology:
In this topology, only the bolts with a red outline are committers.
During the processing phase, bolt A will process the complete batch from the spout, call finishBatch
and send its tuples to bolts B and C. Bolt B is a committer so it will process all the tuples but finishBatch won’t be called. Bolt C also will not have finishBatch
called because it doesn’t know if it has received all the tuples from Bolt B yet (because Bolt B is waiting for the transaction to commit). Finally, Bolt D will receive any tuples Bolt C emitted during invocations of its execute
method.
When the batch commits, finishBatch
is called on Bolt B. Once it finishes, Bolt C can now detect that it has received all the tuples and will call finishBatch
. Finally, Bolt D will receive its complete batch and call finishBatch
.
Notice that even though Bolt D is a committer, it doesn’t have to wait for a second commit message when it receives the whole batch. Since it receives the whole batch during the commit phase, it goes ahead and completes the transaction.
Committer bolts act just like batch bolts during the commit phase. The only difference between committer bolts and batch bolts is that committer bolts will not call finishBatch
during the processing phase of a transaction.
Acking
Notice that you don’t have to do any acking or anchoring when working with transactional topologies. Storm manages all of that underneath the hood. The acking strategy is heavily optimized.
Failing a transaction
When using regular bolts, you can call the fail
method on OutputCollector
to fail the tuple trees of which that tuple is a member. Since transactional topologies hide the acking framework from you, they provide a different mechanism to fail a batch (and cause the batch to be replayed). Just throw a FailedException. Unlike regular exceptions, this will only cause that particular batch to replay and will not crash the process.
Transactional spout
The TransactionalSpout
interface is completely different from a regular Spout
interface. A TransactionalSpout
implementation emits batches of tuples and must ensure that the same batch of tuples is always emitted for the same transaction id.
A transactional spout looks like this while a topology is executing:
The coordinator on the left is a regular Storm spout that emits a tuple whenever a batch should be emitted for a transaction. The emitters execute as a regular Storm bolt and are responsible for emitting the actual tuples for the batch. The emitters subscribe to the “batch emit” stream of the coordinator using an all grouping.
The need to be idempotent with respect to the tuples it emits requires a TransactionalSpout
to store a small amount of state. The state is stored in Zookeeper.
The details of implementing a TransactionalSpout
are in the Javadoc.
Partitioned Transactional Spout
A common kind of transactional spout is one that reads the batches from a set of partitions across many queue brokers. For example, this is how TransactionalKafkaSpout works. An IPartitionedTransactionalSpout
automates the bookkeeping work of managing the state for each partition to ensure idempotent replayability. See the Javadoc for more details.
Configuration
There’s two important bits of configuration for transactional topologies:
- Zookeeper: By default, transactional topologies will store state in the same Zookeeper instance as used to manage the Storm cluster. You can override this with the “transactional.zookeeper.servers” and “transactional.zookeeper.port” configs.
- Number of active batches permissible at once: You must set a limit to the number of batches that can be processed at once. You configure this using the “topology.max.spout.pending” config. If you don’t set this config, it will default to 1.
What if you can’t emit the same batch of tuples for a given transaction id?
So far the discussion around transactional topologies has assumed that you can always emit the exact same batch of tuples for the same transaction id. So what do you do if this is not possible?
Consider an example of when this is not possible. Suppose you are reading tuples from a partitioned message broker (stream is partitioned across many machines), and a single transaction will include tuples from all the individual machines. Now suppose one of the nodes goes down at the same time that a transaction fails. Without that node, it is impossible to replay the same batch of tuples you just played for that transaction id. The processing in your topology will halt as its unable to replay the identical batch. The only possible solution is to emit a different batch for that transaction id than you emitted before. Is it possible to still achieve exactly-once messaging semantics even if the batches change?
It turns out that you can still achieve exactly-once messaging semantics in your processing with a non-idempotent transactional spout, although this requires a bit more work on your part in developing the topology.
If a batch can change for a given transaction id, then the logic we’ve been using so far of “skip the update if the transaction id in the database is the same as the id for the current transaction” is no longer valid. This is because the current batch is different than the batch for the last time the transaction was committed, so the result will not necessarily be the same. You can fix this problem by storing a little bit more state in the database. Let’s again use the example of storing a global count in the database and suppose the partial count for the batch is stored in the partialCount
variable.
Instead of storing a value in the database that looks like this:
java
class Value {
Object count;
BigInteger txid;
}
For non-idempotent transactional spouts you should instead store a value that looks like this:
java
class Value {
Object count;
BigInteger txid;
Object prevCount;
}
The logic for the update is as follows:
- If the transaction id for the current batch is the same as the transaction id in the database, set
val.count = val.prevCount + partialCount
. - Otherwise, set
val.prevCount = val.count
,val.count = val.count + partialCount
andval.txid = batchTxid
.
This logic works because once you commit a particular transaction id for the first time, all prior transaction ids will never be committed again.
There’s a few more subtle aspects of transactional topologies that make opaque transactional spouts possible.
When a transaction fails, all subsequent transactions in the processing phase are considered failed as well. Each of those transactions will be re-emitted and reprocessed. Without this behavior, the following situation could happen:
- Transaction A emits tuples 1-50
- Transaction B emits tuples 51-100
- Transaction A fails
- Transaction A emits tuples 1-40
- Transaction A commits
- Transaction B commits
- Transaction C emits tuples 101-150
In this scenario, tuples 41-50 are skipped. By failing all subsequent transactions, this would happen instead:
- Transaction A emits tuples 1-50
- Transaction B emits tuples 51-100
- Transaction A fails (and causes Transaction B to fail)
- Transaction A emits tuples 1-40
- Transaction B emits tuples 41-90
- Transaction A commits
- Transaction B commits
- Transaction C emits tuples 91-140
By failing all subsequent transactions on failure, no tuples are skipped. This also shows that a requirement of transactional spouts is that they always emit where the last transaction left off.
A non-idempotent transactional spout is more concisely referred to as an “OpaqueTransactionalSpout” (opaque is the opposite of idempotent). IOpaquePartitionedTransactionalSpout is an interface for implementing opaque partitioned transactional spouts, of which OpaqueTransactionalKafkaSpout is an example. OpaqueTransactionalKafkaSpout
can withstand losing individual Kafka nodes without sacrificing accuracy as long as you use the update strategy as explained in this section.
Implementation
The implementation for transactional topologies is very elegant. Managing the commit protocol, detecting failures, and pipelining batches seem complex, but everything turns out to be a straightforward mapping to Storm’s primitives.
How the data flow works:
Here’s how transactional spout works:
- Transactional spout is a subtopology consisting of a coordinator spout and an emitter bolt
- The coordinator is a regular spout with a parallelism of 1
- The emitter is a bolt with a parallelism of P, connected to the coordinator’s “batch” stream using an all grouping
- When the coordinator determines it’s time to enter the processing phase for a transaction, it emits a tuple containing the TransactionAttempt and the metadata for that transaction to the “batch” stream
- Because of the all grouping, every single emitter task receives the notification that it’s time to emit its portion of the tuples for that transaction attempt
- Storm automatically manages the anchoring/acking necessary throughout the whole topology to determine when a transaction has completed the processing phase. The key here is that *the root tuple was created by the coordinator, so the coordinator will receive an “ack” if the processing phase succeeds, and a “fail” if it doesn’t succeed for any reason (failure or timeout).
- If the processing phase succeeds, and all prior transactions have successfully committed, the coordinator emits a tuple containing the TransactionAttempt to the “commit” stream.
- All committing bolts subscribe to the commit stream using an all grouping, so that they will all receive a notification when the commit happens.
- Like the processing phase, the coordinator uses the acking framework to determine whether the commit phase succeeded or not. If it receives an “ack”, it marks that transaction as complete in zookeeper.
More notes:
- Transactional spouts are a sub-topology consisting of a spout and a bolt
- the spout is the coordinator and contains a single task
- the bolt is the emitter
- the bolt subscribes to the coordinator with an all grouping
- serialization of metadata is handled by kryo. kryo is initialized ONLY with the registrations defined in the component configuration for the transactionalspout
- the coordinator uses the acking framework to determine when a batch has been successfully processed, and then to determine when a batch has been successfully committed.
- state is stored in zookeeper using RotatingTransactionalState
- commiting bolts subscribe to the coordinators commit stream using an all grouping
- CoordinatedBolt is used to detect when a bolt has received all the tuples for a particular batch.
- this is the same abstraction that is used in DRPC
- for commiting bolts, it waits to receive a tuple from the coordinator’s commit stream before calling finishbatch
- so it can’t call finishbatch until it’s received all tuples from all subscribed components AND its received the commit stream tuple (for committers). this ensures that it can’t prematurely call finishBatch


Copyright © 2006 Tail-f Systems AB
The
This is the equivalent of libconfd.so for C programmers.
The interface towards ConfD is a socket based IPC interface, thus this application, econfd, executes in a different address space than ConfD itself. The protocol between econfd and ConfD is almost the same regardless of wether econfd (erlang API) or libconfd.so (C API) is used.
Thus the architecture is according to the following picture:
which illustrates the overall architecture from an OTP perspective.
The econfd OTP application consists of the following parts.
This API consists of a gen_server (econfd_daemon) which needs to get a number of callback functions installed. This API is used when we need to implement an external data provider. Typically statistics data which is part of the data model, but not part of the actual configuration.
This API is the CDB database client API. It is used to read (and write) into CDB.
This API is used when we wish to implement proprietary agents. It is also used by user defined validation code which needs to attach to the executing transaction and read the "not yet committed" data in the currently executing transaction.
This API is used when we wish to receive notification events from ConfD describing certain events.
This API is used by an optional surrounding HA (High availability) framework which needs to notify ConfD about various HA related events.
This API is used to access schema information (i.e. the internal representation of YANG modules), making it possible to navigate the schema trees and obtain and use structure and type information.
In order to use the econfd API familiarity with the corresponding C API is necessary. This edoc documentation is fairly thin. In practice all types are documenetd and in order to figure out the semantics for a certain function, it is necessary to read the corresponding man page for the equivalent C function.Generated by EDoc, Jun 22 2015, 15:10:59.


Involt for mobile
What is better than having HTML project communicating with hardware? Having the same app working on mobile. Without any effort.
Configuration
Nothing. Just make sure you work with Bluetooth 2.0 and Android (change the communication mode in settings.js). Low energy support will be released soon. For changing Phonegap related settings use config instead of manifest file.
Involt for mobile is based on Cordova/Phonegap and uses chrome libraries for mobile (this is not Chrome app for mobile but uses same libraries). I will really appreciate any feedback if it works on particular Android devices and system versions. I'm working on Galaxy S5 with Android 5.1.1.
Installation (Phonegap Build)
The easiest way is to use Phonegap Build. With free account you can upload single private app as .zip file or multiple public Github forks. It must be zip where the www folder and config file are at the top of structure (if everything is correct you should see Involt icon and name). As you can see there aren't many things to do here. When you finish uploading your project you can download it via QR code scanner on your phone.
Enabling hydration will check for updates automatically so you don't have to manually redownload the app.
Additional info
Mobile communication may work different than on desktop. Sometimes you should consider using higher delays in sketch when there is a lot of data to send.
Phonegap Developer App is not supported. However, if you wish you can use it to work on layout without Bluetooth interactions (without reuploading the code each time). Remove loader to make it work.
In some cases your app will require changes in CSS.
Remember to pair the device, however - when app is launched Android should ask to pair the device.
Form multiple involt apps change ID and name in config.xml
Quick demo
Connect RGB led to pins 9,10 and 11 and use HC-05 Bluetooth device (with settings from Involt bluetooth guide). Upload the sketch downloaded from this repo on Github
To install the app you can use QR code scanner on your device or download the file
Low Energy (beta)
Currently the low energy implementation based on cordova-plugin-ble-central and Adafruit Bluefruit Low Energy. I tested it on Bluefruit LE Micro. However, low energy is not suitable for streaming as Involt do so I strongly suggest to use classic bluetooth instead. There must be longer delays between sending functions from hardware to app inside prepaired Bluefruit sketch. You can use Phonegap Developer App for live previews.
Important things before you begin:
- Set the isLowEnergy in settings to true. Remember about the UUID, you should get them from device documentation.
- Delays, if you know why is it working like this please contact me.
- If received errors (when sending to app), probably communication will crash.
- Everything technically works the same as other ways of communication.
- You should consider using classic bluetooth for large data transmission.


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By: Isatu (Isa) Conteh
September 16th 2017
What are we trying to do/learn here? Why?
Who is this person trying to teach me things?
What does she know?
Background:
Time spent doing front-endy things
Where did I get the idea to do this presentation from?
Why we’re focusing on CSS?
What I’m hoping you know
Baseline:
Nice to Haves:
Looking to brush up on the fundamentals first? Try Here..
Section 2 — Tools
Frameworks (CSS, not javascript)
Definition: CSS frameworks are pre-prepared software frameworks that are meant to allow for easier, more standards-compliant web design using the Cascading Style Sheets language. Most of these frameworks contain at least a grid.
Frameworks (CSS, not javascript)
Frameworks: Special Mention
Some other front end programs (usually javascript application tools) also include their own css frameworks. They are used in a similar manner to external css frameworks. One example is:
Preprocessors
Definition: Preprocessors are programs that take code written in their own specific language and convert it to CSS.
Preprocessors
Naming Methodologies/Conventions
Definition: Rules and strategies for writing and using css classes, id's etc. that make css codebases easier to read and debug.
Naming Methodologies
Other tools: Libraries and such
Definition: other programs and tools that can help with organizing and using css
Other Tools: Libraries and such
Finding Information
Information can most easily be found in the form of:
What to use, When to use it, When not to use it
Choosing between frameworks
Things to consider/think about:
1. Do you need one?Choosing between frameworks
Things to consider/think about:
2. What to consider when choosing.Choosing between preprocessors
Things to consider/think about:
1. Do you need one?Choosing between preprocessors
Things to consider/think about:
2. What to consider when choosing.Choosing between naming methodologies/conventions
Things to consider/think about:
1. Do you need one?Choosing between naming methodologies/conventions
Things to consider/think about:
2. What to consider when choosing.Choosing between libraries
Things to consider/think about:
1. Do you need one?Choosing between libraries
Things to consider/think about:
2. What to consider when choosing.Ways to Identify possible conflicts between tools
Ways to Identify possible conflicts between tools
You decide to create a blogging platform using the following tools/methods
Ways to Identify possible conflicts between tools
You attempt to get comfortable using all three products together and run into the following issue:
-Bootstrap has it's own naming conventions. How do you then use it's features with the naming conventions you created using the SMACCS method
Figuring out how to fix them
Figuring out how to fix them
After reading up on the issue via a blog post by another developer on Medium, you decide to:
Try incorporating bootstrap in your SMACSS names by extending their features into it using SASS
Setting up your development environment and incorporating tools and solutions
Pretty straight forward...
Setting up your development environment and incorporating tools and solutions
You start a new project, pull in SASS, Bootstrap and customised SMACCS. Because the project is bigger:
Setting up your development environment and incorporating tools and solutions
3. And you (or your devops person) decide that when it's ready for launch you'll deploy it using AWS for relatively easy compilation rather than just launching it in Github pages.
Quick Mention: Setting up a Style Guide
Style guides are a set of standards for the writing and design of documents, either for general use or for a specific publication, organization, or field.
Useful for/as:
Quick Mention: Setting up a Style Guide
To learn more, start here: An in Depth Overview of Living Style Guide Tools
Now for the practice portion of lecture


dblink_connect(text connstr) returns text dblink_connect(text connname, text connstr) returns text
dblink_connect()
establishes a connection to a remote
PostgreSQL database. The server and database to
be contacted are identified through a standard libpq
connection string. Optionally, a name can be assigned to the
connection. Multiple named connections can be open at once, but
only one unnamed connection is permitted at a time. The connection
will persist until closed or until the database session is ended.
The connection string may also be the name of an existing foreign
server. It is recommended to use
the postgresql_fdw_validator
when defining
the corresponding foreign-data wrapper. See the example below, as
well as the following:
CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER, CREATE SERVER, CREATE USER MAPPING
The name to use for this connection; if omitted, an unnamed connection is opened, replacing any existing unnamed connection.
libpq-style connection info string, for example
hostaddr=<IP_ADDRESS> port=5432 dbname=mydb user=postgres
password=mypasswd.
For details see PQconnectdb
in
Section 31.1.
Returns status, which is always OK (since any error causes the function to throw an error instead of returning).
Only superusers may use dblink_connect
to create
non-password-authenticated connections. If non-superusers need this
capability, use dblink_connect_u
instead.
It is unwise to choose connection names that contain equal signs, as this opens a risk of confusion with connection info strings in other dblink functions.
SELECT dblink_connect('dbname=postgres'); dblink_connect ---------------- OK (1 row) SELECT dblink_connect('myconn', 'dbname=postgres'); dblink_connect ---------------- OK (1 row) -- FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER functionality -- Note: local connection must require password authentication for this to work properly -- Otherwise, you will receive the following error from dblink_connect(): -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- -- ERROR: password is required -- DETAIL: Non-superuser cannot connect if the server does not request a password. -- HINT: Target server's authentication method must be changed. CREATE USER dblink_regression_test WITH PASSWORD 'secret'; CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgresql VALIDATOR postgresql_fdw_validator; CREATE SERVER fdtest FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgresql OPTIONS (hostaddr '<IP_ADDRESS>', dbname 'contrib_regression'); CREATE USER MAPPING FOR dblink_regression_test SERVER fdtest OPTIONS (user 'dblink_regression_test', password 'secret'); GRANT USAGE ON FOREIGN SERVER fdtest TO dblink_regression_test; GRANT SELECT ON TABLE foo TO dblink_regression_test; \set ORIGINAL_USER :USER \c - dblink_regression_test SELECT dblink_connect('myconn', 'fdtest'); dblink_connect ---------------- OK (1 row) SELECT * FROM dblink('myconn','SELECT * FROM foo') AS t(a int, b text, c text[]); a | b | c ----+---+--------------- 0 | a | {a0,b0,c0} 1 | b | {a1,b1,c1} 2 | c | {a2,b2,c2} 3 | d | {a3,b3,c3} 4 | e | {a4,b4,c4} 5 | f | {a5,b5,c5} 6 | g | {a6,b6,c6} 7 | h | {a7,b7,c7} 8 | i | {a8,b8,c8} 9 | j | {a9,b9,c9} 10 | k | {a10,b10,c10} (11 rows) \c - :ORIGINAL_USER REVOKE USAGE ON FOREIGN SERVER fdtest FROM dblink_regression_test; REVOKE SELECT ON TABLE foo FROM dblink_regression_test; DROP USER MAPPING FOR dblink_regression_test SERVER fdtest; DROP USER dblink_regression_test; DROP SERVER fdtest; DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER postgresql;


In this tutorial, we are creating a photo shoot effect with our just-released PhotoShoot jQuery plug-in. With it you can convert a regular div on the page into a photo shooting stage simulating a camera-like feel.
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer luctus quam quis ....


Services
-
Website Design
We can create a awesome website. As I said on the about page I will try and contact clients to dicuss neds and requirements. The entire process and timeframe depends on the size of project.
Pricing: £50-£100
-
Website Maintenance
LI can maintain your WordPress website or your static HTML site.
Pricing: £50 per month
-
Basic Graphic Design
I can provide simple graphic design...


You've successfully deployed a serverless website with the Serverless Framework.
You can provide your own source code for this website with the src: ./path/to/source/ input.
src: ./path/to/source/
Check out the docs for more information.


Plugins for various software environments created by SPAR
-
STAMP Toolbar for ArcGIS is available for download
Information about this plugin is available from the STAMP website .
-
Tool for implementing the PPA Home Range
Information about this tool is available from the PPA Home Range website.
-
Tools for measuring dynamic interaction in movement data
Information about about these tools are available from the Dynamic Interaction website.


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do send your feedback.
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send us the URL. Stories that are accepted will have your name credited.
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In order to post comments to stories, you will have to
create an account.
Accounts will generally be validated within 24 hours, and of
course will be disabled if there is abuse.
Viewership
On the first full day this page went live, 100,000 people visited this Rotten
News page. Of course that was the day after the WTC attacks, so that number is
somewhat distorted. Right now this page gets between 50,000 and 75,000 people
every day.
Linking
We encourage everyone to link to this page; if you like it, others probably
will as well.
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Make Dailyrotten your start page
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November 15, 2001
Charles Whitman kills again
Houston Chronicle | Submitted by: Daoloth
The first mass mayhem killing in the U.S. occurred thirty five years
ago when Charles Whitman locked himself up in the clocktower at the
University of Texas Austin, and started picking people off with a variety
of firearms. David Gunby, age 58, died this week with a cororoner's
ruling of murder, from one of Whitman's bullets in his kidney.
|
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Read article...
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Poachers forced to eat deer parts at gunpoint
Kingsport Times-News | Submitted by: Toddman
"A Bean Station man who reportedly poached a deer Sunday evening in the
Sandy Valley community near Rogersville and his companion were allegedly
forced at gunpoint to eat the deer’s heart and liver by two local men
who were offended by the shooting of the deer."
|
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Read article...
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Wiccans urged to be careful with fire
Hartford Courant | Submitted by: LadyC
Witches like to play with fire in their sundry rituals. What is often
neglected is that witches and their accoutrements are flammable, and subject
to the same laws of combustion as everyone else. "The most recent incident
happened Saturday, when two Wiccans accidentally set fire to Mary Palmieri's
house while conducting a 'cleansing ritual', Fire Marshal
Paul Censki said Wednesday."
|
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Read article...
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Explosive diarrhea does not fool kids
Charleston Daily Mail | Submitted by: Soylent
Apparently there are still marketers who think that a clever message
such as "Let's talk about explosive diarrhea for a moment" will fool children
into not trying drugs. People use drugs because, well, they're fun.
Such tactics may work against a fifth-grader but not someone in high school.
|
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Read article...
|
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Happy Ramadan card offends
Associated Press | Submitted by: Soylent
Sheriff Gerald K. Hege in North Carolina, already known as somewhat
of a nutball, is being criticized for his Christmas cards. They read
"Happy Ramadan" and show the good sheriff with the head of Osama
bin Laden. No explanation is given as to why his Christmas cards
say Ramadan, go figure.
|
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Read article...
|
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Taliban retreats just common sense
Stratfor | Submitted by: Soylent
Are the recent "victories" good news, or just common sense for Taliban?
"The Taliban withdrawal was far from a rout. Rather, it reflects
abandonment of a strategy that could have led to their destruction, in
preparation for a more traditional and effective strategy for combat
in Afghanistan -- guerrilla warfare."
|
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Read article...
|
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In the name of National Security
Moscow Times | Submitted by: Soylent
It seems somewhat alarmist, but we all know this is exactly what
is happening now: "The rulers will often act in secret; for reasons
of national security, the people will not be permitted to know
what goes on in their name. Actions once unthinkable will be accepted
as routine: government by executive fiat, the murder of enemies
selected by the leader, undeclared war, torture, mass detentions without
charge, the looting of the national treasury, the creation of huge
new security structures targeted at the populace. In time, this will
seem 'normal', as the chill of autumn feels normal when summer is gone."
|
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Read article...
|
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Egyptian sodomites sentenced
Planet Out | Submitted by: Soylent
Twenty-three gay Egyptians were sentenced to various terms for
"sexual immorality" with regards to their behavior during a bacchanal
on the Queen Boat anchored in the Nile. These 23 found
guilty were part of the "Cairo 52", but if you read the earlier second
story not all of them were even on the boat at the time.
|
|
Read article... and
This article...
|
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Nuke plans found in Bin Laden hideout
Times | Submitted by: Soylent
"Attempts had been made to burn the evidence, but many documents still
remained. They included studies into the development of a kinetic energy
supergun capable of firing chemical or nuclear warheads, external propulsion
missiles, preliminary research on the creation of a thermonuclear device, as
well as a multitude of instructions for making smaller bombs."
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Read article...
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The first thing I did this morning, after getting up at 4.50 AM, was to find out about Sir John Vanbrugh. The real, historical Sir John Vanbrugh (1664–1726), architect of Blenheim Palace and author of The Provok'd Wife, turned out to have little in common with the Sir John Vanbrugh (dates uncertain) who appeared in the dream from which I had just awoken.
My dream-Vanbrugh was famed as a painter of chickens. He had painted a particular type of white chicken so many times that it was known as “a Vanbrugh chicken”. Connoisseurs eagerly sought out Vanbrugh chicken paintings in auction salesrooms, where they sold for tidy sums.
Wide awake now, I can still see a Vanbrugh chicken, white with a red crop, in my mind's eye.


|
Biber
|
Public Member Functions | |
| Blur (String ftype, int filterpower) | |
| Blur (String ftype, int filterpower, double sigmaColour, double sigmaSpace) | |
| Blur (Mat src, String ftype, int filterpower, double sigmaColour, double sigmaSpace) | |
| void | useFilter () |
| String | toString () |
| BufferedImage | returnImage () |
| void | setSrc (Mat src) |
| Mat | getDst () |
| String | getFtype () |
| Mat | getSrc () |
| void | setDst (Mat dst) |
| void | setFtype (String ftype) |
| Mat | gaussianBlur (Mat src, int filterPower) |
| Mat | medianBlur (Mat src, int filterPower) |
| Mat | homogenBlur (Mat src, int filterPower) |
| Mat | bilateralBlur (Mat src, int filterPower, double sigmaColour, double sigmaSpace) |
| Public Member Functions inherited from application.ImageMan | |
| BufferedImage | matToBuffImage (Mat m) |
| Mat | buffImageToMat (BufferedImage img) |
| void | useFilter () |
| void | setSrc (Mat src) |
| Mat | getDst () |
| BufferedImage | returnImage () |
Blurring (smoothing) is the commonly used image processing operation for reducing the image noise. The process removes high-frequency content, like edges, from the image and makes it smooth. In general blurring is achieved by convolving (each element of the image is added to its local neighbors, weighted by the kernel) the image through a low pass filter kernel.
src: The source (input image) for this operation. dst: The destination (output image) for this operation. sigmaColor: Filter sigma in the color space. sigmaSpace: Filter sigma in the coordinate space. Size( w, h ): Defines the size of the kernel to be used ( of width w pixels and height h pixels). Point(-1, -1): Indicates where the anchor point (the pixel evaluated) is located with respect to the neighborhood. If there is a negative value, then the center of the kernel is considered the anchor point.
| Mat application.Blur.bilateralBlur | ( | Mat | src, |
| int | filterPower, | ||
| double | sigmaColour, | ||
| double | sigmaSpace | ||
| ) |
The Bilateral Filter operation applies a bilateral image to a filter.
| Mat application.Blur.gaussianBlur | ( | Mat | src, |
| int | filterPower | ||
| ) |
Gaussian filtering is done by convolving each point in the input array with a Gaussian kernel and then summing them all to produce the output array. The Gaussian filter is a low-pass filter that removes the high-frequency components are reduced.
| Mat application.Blur.homogenBlur | ( | Mat | src, |
| int | filterPower | ||
| ) |
OpenCV offers the function blur to perform smoothing with this filter.
| Mat application.Blur.medianBlur | ( | Mat | src, |
| int | filterPower | ||
| ) |
The median filter run through each element of the signal (in this case the image) and replace each pixel with the median of its neighboring pixels (located in a square neighborhood around the evaluated pixel).


Orm
Orm 是 物件關聯對映（Object
Relational Mapper） 的简寫，它做兩件事：
對應你資料庫裡的資料列到物件，
并能让你在这些物件之間建立關係。
它緊隨 活动記錄模式（
Active Record Pattern），但也受到其他系统的影響。
建立模型
建立模型花費極少時間，慣例是給类別使用 Model_ 前綴 （例如 Model_Article 使用档案名稱 article.php） 并因此把它們放在 app/classes/model/， 但你可以自由使用任何你選擇的名稱。
class Model_Article extends Orm\Model {}
以上方法只適用於 MySQL 和 MySQLi 的驅动，因为它需要從資料庫中取回模型特性。 然而，这不是很有效率，因此不鼓勵使用这種方式， 因为你始終需要在每个模型多一个額外的查詢就为了取回行名。
class Model_Article extends Orm\Model
{
protected static $_properties = array('id', 'title', 'contents', 'publish');
}
配置
你可以添加靜態特性到該模型來配置它。正如我們看到的，沒有要求但鼓勵設定
$_properties。这些全部可以是 public 和
protected 但可能不是 private。
請注意，所有配置特性都以单一底線前綴，
以預防與你的行名碰撞。
protected static $_table_name
When this isn't set the Model_ prefix is removed from the class name and the class name is pluralized. Thus "Model_Article" expects table "articles". If you don't follow this convention you can change it by setting the $_table_name property.
class Model_Article extends Orm\Model
{
protected static $_table_name = 'myarticles';
}
protected static $_primary_key
預設情況下，这設为 array('id')，如果你使用其他行名稱或多个主鍵， 你需要設定此特性。
class Model_Article extends Orm\Model
{
protected static $_primary_key = array('aid');
}
The primary key must be a real primary key: unique and unchanging. Don't use it for other
purposes (like a foreign key in a one-one relation) as well, that won't work as the PK can't be
changed. The Orm won't check this, and while it might seem to work at first glance: you'll get
into trouble.
It is not required for the PK to be auto_increment (though preferred) and you can specify the PK
yourself, but only the first time. Once it's set, it's set.
protected static $_properties
There's already a simple example above of adding all model properties, they can also be configured by using the column name as the key and setting options like type, label and validation.
class Model_Article extends Orm\Model
{
protected static $_properties = array(
'id', // both validation & typing observers will ignore the PK
'name' => array(
'data_type' => 'varchar',
'label' => 'Article Name',
'validation' => array('required', 'min_length' => array(3), 'max_length' => array(20)),
'form' => array('type' => 'text'),
'default' => 'New article',
),
'gender' => array(
'data_type' => 'varchar',
'label' => 'Gender',
'form' => array('type' => 'select', 'options' => array('m' => 'Male', 'f' => 'Female')),
'validation' => array('required'),
),
'created_at' => array(
'data_type' => 'int',
'label' => 'Created At',
'form' => array(
'type' => false, // this prevents this field from being rendered on a form
),
),
'updated_at' => array('data_type' => 'int', 'label' => 'Updated At')
);
}
Form attributes can be passed in the form of an array as shown in the example.
Validation rules can be passed as either just the rule: array('required') or as the rule with an array of params: array('min_length' => array(3)) both are shown in the example above. A full explanation of the Validation class and it's rule can be found under Core.
protected static $_conditions
By default this property does not exist and Model::condition() returns array(), but you can set on the model if you want any conditions defined on every query run. Currently 'order_by' and 'where' conditions are supported.
class Model_Article extends Orm\Model
{
protected static $_conditions = array(
'order_by' => array('id' => 'desc'),
'where' => array(
array('publish_date', '>',<PHONE_NUMBER>),
array('published', '=', 1),
),
);
}
The order_by condition is only applied if no other order by clause is defined. The where conditions are added using and to any other defined where clauses.
protected static $_has_one, $_belongs_to, $_has_many, $_many_many
模型的相互關聯在 關聯模型 裡有解釋。
protected static $_connection
在預設情況下这个特性不存在，且 Model::connection() 回傳 null， 但你可以設定它为任何其他配置在 app/config/db.php 的資料庫名稱。
protected static $_write_connection
If you have a master/slave setup for your database environment, you can use this property to define the connection to use for the write master. If configured, the $_connection property will be used to connect to the read slaves.
By default this property does not exist and Model::connection(true) returns either the configured $_connection, or null, but you can set it to any other database name configured in app/config/db.php.
// 給单一資料庫使用的配置
class Model_Article extends Orm\Model
{
// 'articles_db' 必須被配置在你的 db.php 配置档案
protected static $_connection = 'articles_db';
}
// 給 master/slave 資料庫使用的配置
class Model_Article extends Orm\Model
{
// 'articles_master_db' 和 'articles_slave_db' 必須被配置在你的 db.php 配置档案
protected static $_write_connection = 'articles_master_db';
protected static $_connection = 'articles_slave_db';
}
Note that relations do not work across connections, so when you define your connections in the model, make sure your related models have exactly the same configuration, both for reads and writes!
protected static $_to_array_exclude
If you are writing an API driven application, often you want to limit the columns that are exposed to the API interface. For example, when exposing a user record, you would not want to expose the user's password, login hash or salt.
In your model definition, you can add a list of columns to the to_array_exclude array to exclude them from being exported using to_array().
class Model_User extends Orm\Model
{
protected static $_to_array_exclude = array(
'password', 'login_hash', 'salt' // 排除这些行被導出
);
}
By default the to_array() method exports both column and relation data loaded in the current model object. Optionally, it allows you to export the custom properties too. Array exclusion works on column names, custom properties and relations, allowing you to exclude properties from all of them.
protected static $_observers
添加觀察者在 觀察者 裡有解釋。


|
JavaTM 2 Platform Standard Ed. 5.0 |
|||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | |||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
java.lang.Object javax.crypto.KeyGenerator
public class KeyGenerator
This class provides the functionality of a (symmetric) key generator.
Key generators are constructed using one of the getInstance
class methods of this class.
KeyGenerator objects are reusable, i.e., after a key has been generated, the same KeyGenerator object can be re-used to generate further keys.
There are two ways to generate a key: in an algorithm-independent manner, and in an algorithm-specific manner. The only difference between the two is the initialization of the object:
All key generators share the concepts of a keysize and a
source of randomness.
There is an
init
method in this KeyGenerator class that takes these two universally
shared types of arguments. There is also one that takes just a
keysize
argument, and uses the SecureRandom implementation
of the highest-priority installed provider as the source of randomness
(or a system-provided source of randomness if none of the installed
providers supply a SecureRandom implementation), and one that takes just a
source of randomness.
Since no other parameters are specified when you call the above
algorithm-independent init
methods, it is up to the
provider what to do about the algorithm-specific parameters (if any) to be
associated with each of the keys.
For situations where a set of algorithm-specific parameters already
exists, there are two
init
methods that have an AlgorithmParameterSpec
argument. One also has a SecureRandom
argument, while the
other uses the SecureRandom implementation
of the highest-priority installed provider as the source of randomness
(or a system-provided source of randomness if none of the installed
providers supply a SecureRandom implementation).
In case the client does not explicitly initialize the KeyGenerator
(via a call to an init
method), each provider must
supply (and document) a default initialization.
SecretKey
| Constructor Summary | |
|---|---|
protected |
KeyGenerator(KeyGeneratorSpi keyGenSpi,
Provider provider,
String algorithm)
Creates a KeyGenerator object. |
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
SecretKey |
generateKey()
Generates a secret key. |
String |
getAlgorithm()
Returns the algorithm name of this KeyGenerator object. |
static KeyGenerator |
getInstance(String algorithm)
Generates a KeyGenerator object for the specified
algorithm. |
static KeyGenerator |
getInstance(String algorithm,
Provider provider)
Generates a KeyGenerator object for the specified key
algorithm from the specified provider. |
static KeyGenerator |
getInstance(String algorithm,
String provider)
Generates a KeyGenerator object for the specified key
algorithm from the specified provider. |
Provider |
getProvider()
Returns the provider of this KeyGenerator object. |
void |
init(AlgorithmParameterSpec params)
Initializes this key generator with the specified parameter set. |
void |
init(AlgorithmParameterSpec params,
SecureRandom random)
Initializes this key generator with the specified parameter set and a user-provided source of randomness. |
void |
init(int keysize)
Initializes this key generator for a certain keysize. |
void |
init(int keysize,
SecureRandom random)
Initializes this key generator for a certain keysize, using a user-provided source of randomness. |
void |
init(SecureRandom random)
Initializes this key generator. |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
|---|
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Constructor Detail |
|---|
protected KeyGenerator(KeyGeneratorSpi keyGenSpi, Provider provider, String algorithm)
keyGenSpi
- the delegateprovider
- the provideralgorithm
- the algorithm| Method Detail |
|---|
public final String getAlgorithm()
KeyGenerator
object.
This is the same name that was specified in one of the
getInstance
calls that created this
KeyGenerator
object.
KeyGenerator
object.public static final KeyGenerator getInstance(String algorithm) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
KeyGenerator
object for the specified
algorithm.
If the default provider package provides an implementation of the
requested key generator, an instance of
KeyGenerator
containing that implementation is returned.
If the requested key generator is not available in the default provider
package, other provider packages are searched.
algorithm
- the standard name of the requested key algorithm.
See Appendix A in the
Java Cryptography Extension Reference Guide
for information about standard algorithm names.
KeyGenerator
object
NullPointerException
- if the specified algorithm is null.
NoSuchAlgorithmException
- if a key generator for the
specified algorithm is not available in the default provider
package or any of the other provider packages that were searched.public static final KeyGenerator getInstance(String algorithm, String provider) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, NoSuchProviderException
KeyGenerator
object for the specified key
algorithm from the specified provider.
algorithm
- the standard name of the requested key algorithm.
See Appendix A in the
Java Cryptography Extension Reference Guide
for information about standard algorithm names.provider
- the name of the provider
KeyGenerator
object
NullPointerException
- if the specified algorithm is null.
NoSuchAlgorithmException
- if a key generator for the
specified algorithm is not available from the specified provider.
NoSuchProviderException
- if the specified provider has not
been configured.
IllegalArgumentException
- if the provider
is null.public static final KeyGenerator getInstance(String algorithm, Provider provider) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException
KeyGenerator
object for the specified key
algorithm from the specified provider. Note: the provider
doesn't have to be registered.
algorithm
- the standard name of the requested key algorithm.
See Appendix A in the
Java Cryptography Extension Reference Guide
for information about standard algorithm names.provider
- the provider
KeyGenerator
object
NullPointerException
- if the specified algorithm is null.
NoSuchAlgorithmException
- if a key generator for the
specified algorithm is not available from the specified provider.
IllegalArgumentException
- if the provider
is null.public final Provider getProvider()
KeyGenerator
object.
KeyGenerator
objectpublic final void init(SecureRandom random)
random
- the source of randomness for this generatorpublic final void init(AlgorithmParameterSpec params) throws InvalidAlgorithmParameterException
If this key generator requires any random bytes, it will get them
using the
implementation of the highest-priority installed
provider as the source of randomness.
(If none of the installed providers supply an implementation of
SecureRandom, a system-provided source of randomness will be used.)
SecureRandom
params
- the key generation parameters
InvalidAlgorithmParameterException
- if the given parameters
are inappropriate for this key generatorpublic final void init(AlgorithmParameterSpec params, SecureRandom random) throws InvalidAlgorithmParameterException
params
- the key generation parametersrandom
- the source of randomness for this key generator
InvalidAlgorithmParameterException
- if params
is
inappropriate for this key generatorpublic final void init(int keysize)
If this key generator requires any random bytes, it will get them
using the
implementation of the highest-priority installed
provider as the source of randomness.
(If none of the installed providers supply an implementation of
SecureRandom, a system-provided source of randomness will be used.)
SecureRandom
keysize
- the keysize. This is an algorithm-specific metric,
specified in number of bits.
InvalidParameterException
- if the keysize is wrong or not
supported.public final void init(int keysize, SecureRandom random)
keysize
- the keysize. This is an algorithm-specific metric,
specified in number of bits.random
- the source of randomness for this key generator
InvalidParameterException
- if the keysize is wrong or not
supported.public final SecretKey generateKey()
|
JavaTM 2 Platform Standard Ed. 5.0 |
|||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | |||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
Copyright © 2004, 2010 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Use is subject to license terms. Also see the documentation redistribution policy.


Supporting the March for Science
Scientific research requires funding, and so does the March for Science.
Organizing the Madison March for Science is rewarding, but it isn't cheap. Expenses such as permit fees, event insurance, street closures, providing security, and rerouting transit during the event can add up. Event insurance alone costs 34 cents per attendee. We estimate the total cost of the march to exceed $10,000.
The Madison March for Science obtained fiscal sponsorship through the Center for Community Stewardship, a Madison-based 501(c)3 non-profit organization, for educational and outreach purposes. This sponsorship enables your donations to be tax deductible. For organizational contributions, please contact us
Direct Donations
Fully tax-deductible donations may be made directly to the Madison March for Science via PayPal. These donations go directly towards expenses associated with the march.
Note: donations will appear as Center for Community Stewardship for March for Science Madison


System Architect Diagram "Subject Identifier"
Sorry, this document will only work on browsers capable of displaying frames (e.g. Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer).


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 Get your packages exactly when you want them.
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I have been fortunate enough to be involved with a number of projects that range from practical to theoretical, physical to digital, and methodological to pedagogical in scope.
The broad scope of these projects has allowed me to incorporate different approaches and to adapt and update the focus and/or tools of each.
One major theme I have become increasingly excited about and more heavily reliant upon is the implementation of digital methods into my research. Whether this be via data visualization, analysis, or preservation and curation, the combination of digital and physical spaces within a project or initiate has the potential to expand not on the scope of the project, but to also include methodologies that --------


This demo shows how to use a {@link jidejs/ui/control/Tooltip} with a {@link jidejs/ui/control/Button}. Tooltips can be added to any controls using the same API.
require([ 'jidejs/ui/control/Tooltip', 'jidejs/ui/control/Button', 'jidejs/ui/control/HTMLView' ], function(Tooltip, Button, HTMLView) { var showTooltip = new Button({ text: 'Hover to see the tooltip.', tooltip: new Tooltip({ content: new HTMLView({ content: 'This is the tooltip. It can contain any content you want.' }) }) }); // add the 'element' of the ListView to the DOM root.appendChild(showTooltip.element); });
To specify a {@link jidejs/ui/control/Tooltip} that should be displayed when the user moves the mouse over a control, just assign it to the {@link jidejs/ui/Control~tooltip} property.
Every {@link jidejs/ui/Control} has that property and knows how to display a tooltip.
Important Tooltips should not be the only way to discover the meaning or usage of a control since they can't be implemented for touch interfaces such as most mobile devices.


PhysioNet supports challenges, which invite participants to tackle clinically interesting questions that are either unsolved or not well-solved. In cooperation with the Computing in Cardiology conference, PhysioNet has been co-hosting a challenge annually.
{% if all_challenges %}| Title | Date | Host | Papers | Contributed Software |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{ challenge.title }} | {{ challenge.publish_datetime|date }} | {% if challenge.year %} PhysioNet/CinC {{ challenge.year }} {% else %} PhysioNet {% endif %} | {% if challenge.papers %} View papers {% endif %} | {% if challenge.sources and challenge.sources_index %} View software {% elif challenge.sources %} View software {% endif %} |
To find more challenges on PhysioNet, search our resources.
The organizers of the PhysioNet Challenges maintain a forum on Google Groups. If Javascript is enabled in your browser, the latest discussion is displayed below.


ASBO boy, 14, banned from Burger King is told he'll spend Christmas behind bars
Kenton Knight, of Swindon, Wiltshire, can now be named and shamed after flouting an order to stay away from Burger King and two shopping centres in the town
by Bradley Jolly, Tom Seaward, https://www.mirror.co.uk/authors/bradley-jolly/A tearaway teenager will spend Christmas in jail after a reign of terror which saw him banned from a Burger King, two shopping centres and a community centre.
Kenton Knight, 14, can today be named and shamed after a furious judge said his anti-social behaviour had "affected the public detrimentally".
The baby-faced teen was previously given a court order banning him from the fast food outlet and shopping areas in Swindon, Wiltshire, but just weeks later Knight was spotted loitering on a street corner in the area when he should have been in school.
And on Friday, the youth was locked up for two months.
His tearful mum asked custody officers if she could give the teen a cuddle before he was taken down.
She said: "So he's going to be away for Christmas. He's only a boy."
But Michael New, chairman of the bench at Swindon Magistrates' Court, said: "Kenton has waived his right to anonymity by repeatedly committing anti-social behaviour in public and behaviours which affect the public detrimentally.
"Local people who have been affected need to be aware of him and what has happened today.
"You have many court orders against you - and you have shown complete disregard for all those court orders."
Knight is well known to the youth court, with his name appearing several times in the lists this year. These offences were linked to anti-social behaviour and covering his face with clothing.
But the injunction last month stated he should not be at the Burger King, shopping centres or community centre in Wiltshire unless he had an adult with him.
He was also told to be in school between the hours of 9am and 3pm and to stay away from a 17-year-old who cannot be named.
Describing the two-month sentence as a welcome result, PCSO Philip Day of Wiltshire Police said: "Knight's prolific and relentless behaviour in our communities for a significant amount of time has caused alarm and distress to many victims, young and old.
"The injunction served on Knight in October provided clear boundaries that he has clearly chosen to ignore, and as such he has now received today's sentence.
"We hope that Knight's time in detention will go some way in changing his offending behaviour when he returns back into the community."


| Table 1 |
Summary statistics for the annual precipitation and potentia ... |
| Table 2 |
The change point of meteorological and hydrological factors ... |
| Table 3 |
Contributions of climate variability and human activities on ... |
| Table 4 |
The elasticity of streamflow alterations on climate variabil ... |
| Table 5 |
Change of land use and vegetation cover in the Tarim River B ... |
| Table 6 |
Estimations of annual actual evapotranspiration and elastici ... |


|
RayTracer
|
The Scene-Object is used to compose RenderObjects, Lights, the Background and render them. More...
#include <Scene.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| Scene (const std::vector< RenderObject * > &objects, const std::vector< Light * > &lights, camera::Camera *camera, Vector3D background, Vector3D ambient) | |
| void | render (unsigned int recursion_depth) |
Private Member Functions | |
| Intersection | first_hit (const Ray &ray, bool ignore_transparent) |
| Intersection | first_hit (const Ray &ray) |
| Vector3D | trace_ray (const Ray &ray, unsigned int recursion_depth) |
Private Attributes | |
| std::vector< RenderObject * > | objs |
| std::vector< Light * > | lights |
| camera::Camera * | cam |
| Vector3D | backgrnd |
| Vector3D | ambient |
The Scene-Object is used to compose RenderObjects, Lights, the Background and render them.
| Scene::Scene | ( | const std::vector< RenderObject * > & | objects, |
| const std::vector< Light * > & | lights, | ||
| camera::Camera * | camera, | ||
| Vector3D | background, | ||
| Vector3D | ambient | ||
| ) |
|
private |
|
private |
| void Scene::render | ( | unsigned int | recursion_depth | ) |
|
private |
|
private |
|
private |
|
private |
|
private |


With a Bachelor's degree in Economics and an MBA in Strategic Project Management, I fell in love with the technology sector after working for a Californian Startup during their acceleration phase abroad. When I moved to the United States in 2016, I did a programming bootcamp and I've been working in Tech ever since.
My last job was a Software Engineer role at the Site Reliability Team at Appriss Health, which involved as much research and soft skills as it did coding. Once a bug was added to our backlog, I often created SQL queries to quantify its impact in the company's analytics features. Based on the results, I would communicate it to the Product and CRM teams so we could work jointly to prioritize software requirements based on client, data and application impact. I then proceeded with the necessary code and data fixes, and I would occasionally work in the development of new features.
Lately, I've been exploring the exciting field of Machine Learning and Data Science as a way to combine my analytical and technical skills. You can take a look at what I've been doing by clicking on this link.
Learn More!


Of course! Here's a single-page content focused strictly on the datastore-centric perspective of E/R analysis:
Introduction
The foundation of any data-driven application lies in its datastore design. Datastore-centric Entity-Relationship (E/R) analysis offers a methodological approach to streamline data structures, ensuring efficiency, flexibility, and
integrity.
What is Datastore-Centric E/R Analysis?
E/R analysis, within the realm of datastores, involves the identification and interrelation of data entities specifically tailored to database design. This focus ensures optimal storage, access, and management of data. It's not just
about understanding what the data is, but also about how best to structure it for the application's needs.
The Pillars of a Robust Data Architecture
A keenly executed datastore-centric E/R analysis lays down:
Evading the Pitfalls of Poor Design
A hasty or ill-informed database design can lead to cumbersome modifications, performance bottlenecks, and potential data inconsistencies. E/R analysis:
The Datastore Documentation Lens
In the context of datastore documentation:
Conclusion
Datastore-centric E/R analysis is paramount for any application relying heavily on data operations. By ensuring the foundation—the datastore—is meticulously structured and prepared for future changes, applications can consistently
deliver high performance, reliability, and flexibility, driving user satisfaction and business success.
This content zeroes in on the datastore-centric approach, underlining its significance in designing robust and adaptable data architectures.


==== DNS Discovery ====
DNS discovery can be performed by looking at the WHOIS records for the domain's authoritative nameserver. Additionally, variations of the main domain name should be checked, and the website should be checked for references to other domains which could be under the target's control.


About Us
WhatSock is based in the San Francisco Bay Area, and was founded by Bryan Garaventa in 2010 to provide enterprise business solutions for the development of performance enhanced, automatically accessible web technologies.
Bryan Garaventa attended Notre Dame de Namur University in Belmont California; worked at Napster in the early 2000's to introduce accessibility within mainstream applications; has worked to expand the concept of Accessible Innovation in subsequent years; is a member of the Guild of Accessible Web Designers, and is a Fellow of the RSA (Royal Society of Arts).
WhatSock provides the AccDC API as a free scalable business solution, which can be integrated with any architecture, platform, or framework that supports JavaScript.
All visual design by Angela Ricci (web designer and web front-end developer). You can check her work at her personal site or you can follow her on Twitter.


Example of Kindle sepia styling
This should be easier to read for extended periods of time than black text on white background.


Assume there would be quite a few links and perhaps a navigation region here.
Assume there would be text, links, etc.


all files
Service/
41.44%
Statements
150/362
18.85%
Branches
49/260
49.09%
Functions
27/55
41.34%
Lines
148/358
File
Statements
Branches
Functions
Lines
OrientDB.ts
40.35%
138/342
18.99%
49/258
44.9%
22/49
40.24%
136/338
Request.ts
60%
12/20
0%
0/2
83.33%
5/6
60%
12/20


{{site.user_description}}
Statistics modeling tools that I enjoy: Apache spark and Hadoop MapReduce. RDBMS design / MySQL Workbench.
Coding language most familiar to least: Python, JAVA, C. Mathematically programming most familiar to least: R, SAS, MATLAB.
Familiar with jetbrains tools, especially IntelliJ Idea, PyCharm and CLion. Atom is also being used a lot for code editing.


Display spatial data with interactive maps powered by the open-source JavaScript library 'Leaflet' (see <http://leafletjs.com/>). Maps can be rendered in a web browser or displayed in the HTML viewer pane of 'RStudio'. This package is designed to be easy to use and can create complex maps with vector and raster data, web served map tiles and interface elements.
| Version: | 0.2 |
| Depends: | R (≥ 3.0.0) |
| Imports: | knitr (≥ 1.5), sp, raster, methods, grDevices, graphics, utils |
| Published: | 2015-09-28 |
| Author: | Francois Keck |
| Maintainer: | Francois Keck <francois.keck at gmail.com> |
| License: | GPL-3 |
| URL: | http://www.francoiskeck.fr/rleafmap/, https://github.com/fkeck/rleafmap |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Materials: | README |
| CRAN checks: | rleafmap results |
| Reference manual: | rleafmap.pdf |
| Package source: | rleafmap_0.2.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: rleafmap_0.2.zip, r-release: rleafmap_0.2.zip, r-oldrel: rleafmap_0.2.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: rleafmap_0.2.tgz, r-oldrel: rleafmap_0.2.tgz |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=rleafmap to link to this page.


This is Sanjit Sarda Bois!
I was born in San Diego, raised in India, and just moved back to San Diego before Freshman year.
Now I am a Sophomore at Rancho Bernardo. Navigate to my Projects page, to see cool Projects made by me.
This year, I am taking APCS Principles, Honors PreCalc, AP Stats, AP Physics 1 & 2, Honors Humanities,
AP Calculus, AP Computer Science A, and AP Physics C.
Here are some random things in my life:
Clubs:
- Science Olympiad
- Computer Science Club
- Math Club
Here are some random things in my life:
These are the songs I listen too. Its Heavy Metal so proceed with caution.
Current Project
Wizard Mirror
Wizard Mirror is an open source Electronjs Project that allows you to convert your Raspberry Pi to a Mirror with cool powers.


API
The API of the mole-reporter consists of a set of methods that aim to send the reports and provide a way to create adaptors for integrating the reports in your framework or web application.
config
Config is the method that sets some configuration variables for the reporter.
Params
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
config |
Object | Object with all the configuration files |
Options to configure:
- url: the url to send the error reports. It will send a POST request with a JSON object following the mole log specification.
- stacktraceLimit: Max items of the stacktrace to retrieve.
- historyLimit: Max pairs of action state to store until the next error report.
Mole.config({
url: 'http://error.molejs.org/foo',
stacktraceLimit: 50,
historyLimit: 10
});
report
Report receives an error and reports it to the URL specified in the config. It gathers the last pairs of actions and states and sends them along with the error.
Params
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
error |
Error object | The error that is going to be reported |
try {
errorCausingFunc();
} catch (err) {
Mole.report(err);
}
registerActionState
Registers a pair of action and state on the stack of pairs.
Params
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
action |
Object | Action that happened |
state |
Object | Current status at the moment |
Mole.registerActionState({action: 1}, {state: 1});


The Address Space instance of the current OPC UA Server.
The Address Space instance of the current OPC UA Server.
The absolute path to the CoreAAS xml file.
A Map containing all the Identifiables' ids as key and the relevant UAObject as value. This attribute can be useful to implement function to resolve AAS References into Objects in the AddressSpace.
The complete URI of CoreAAS.
The Constructor of the Identifier Structured DataType.
The Constructor of the Key Structured DataType.
The Namespace instance of the CoreAAS Information Model.
The Namespace instance of the current Namespace.
The namespace index of the CoreAAS Information Model
Create an instance of FileType ObjectType in the AddressSpace.
Create an instance of AASReferenceType ObjectType in the AddressSpace.
Create an instance of ViewType ObjectType in the AddressSpace.
Create an AdministrativeInformation Object in the AddressSpace.
Create an instance of AnnotatedRelationshipElementType ObjectType in the AddressSpace.
Create an instance of AssetType ObjectType in the AddressSpace.
Create and returns an instance of AASType ObjectType in the AddressSpace.
Create an instance of CapabilityType ObjectType in the AddressSpace.
Create an instance of ConceptDescriptionType ObjectType in the AddressSpace.
Create an instance of ConceptDictionaryType ObjectType in the AddressSpace.
Create an instance of DataSpecificationIEC61360Type ObjectType in the AddressSpace.
Create an instance of EmbeddedDataSpecificationType ObjectType in the AddressSpace.
Create an instance of EntityType ObjectType in the AddressSpace.
Create an instance of RangeType ObjectType in the AddressSpace.
Create an instance of ReferenceElementType ObjectType in the AddressSpace.
Create an instance of RelationshipElementType ObjectType in the AddressSpace.
Create an instance of SubmodelType ObjectType in the AddressSpace.
Create an instance of SubmodelElementCollectionType ObjectType in the AddressSpace.
Create an instance of SubmodelPropertyType ObjectType in the AddressSpace.
This function look in the AddressSpace for the entity Object pointed by ref and returns an UAObject eventually.
Two version of this function exist: the version with a callback and the version with the return value. Using a callback avoid this
function to return a value, and viceversa.
An AASReferenceType Instance representing the the AAS reference to fetch.
A callback function that receive an Error as first parameter or the found Object as second parameter.
example:
//The following AAS Reference is created as example. Let's supposte is already exists in the AddressSpace.
let ref = server.coreaas.addAASReference({
organizedBy: aas_1,
browseName: "ereoto",
keys: [
new Key({
idType: KeyType.URI,
local: true,
type: KeyElements.Submodel,
value: "http://www.zvei.de/demo/submodel/12345679"
}),
new Key({
idType: KeyType.idShort,
local: true,
type: KeyElements.SubmodelElementCollection,
value: "Measurement"
}),
new Key({
idType: KeyType.idShort,
local: true,
type: KeyElements.Property,
value: "rotationSpeed"
})
]
});
//This version of the function use a callback.
server.coreaas.fetchAASReference(ref, function(err: Error , obj: UAObject) {
if (err) {
return console.log(err);
}
console.log(obj);
});
//This version of the function retruns the value or null otherwise.
let result = server.coreaas.fetchAASReference(ref);
console.log(result);
Find and returns a DataType in the CoreAAS Namespace, otherwise return null.
The name of the DataType to find.
Find and returns an ObjectType in the CoreAAS Namespace, otherwise return null.
The name of the ObjectType to find.
Find and returns a ReferenceType in the CoreAAS Namespace, otherwise return null.
The name of the ReferenceType to find.
Returns the AASReferenceType ObjectType.
Returns the AASType ObjectType.
Returns the AdministrativeInformationType ObjectType.
Returns the AssetType ObjectType.
Generated using TypeDoc
This class represents the extension part of the OPC UA Server relevant to the CoreAAS Information Model.
An instance of CoreAASExtension provides all the methods to populate the AddressSpace with instances of the ObjectTypes coming from CoreAAS.
Furthermore it provides the Constructors for the Structured DataType defined in CoreAAS and lot of utilities methods to find Nodes in the Namespace of CoreAAS.


Revision
2009
Solidify the air
make it crystalline
shapes, light and time
Stop all motion, all vibration
still the world is silent
for the first time
define all shapes so clear to vision
Draw symbols in the sand
enshrine with tokens
manipulate them
by their arrangement
generating laws, the rules that govern
reverberate an earthquake
Command the air to shatter
crack crumble,
separate the objects
the ruins of stone cities,
the fragmented statues
rearrange those blocks, in a new order
we put those pieces where they had to go


Transition? Brightness level
Move slider to change brightness. Enable "transition" for a smooth transition.


Central Bank of Russia Says Cryptocurrencies Market May Be Facing A “Bubble”
"According to the regulator’s Financial Stability Report, Russia will also develop a regulatory framework to protect consumers and prevent illegal activities funded by cryptocurrencies "
The Central Bank of Russia has cautioned that the cryptocurrencies market is a “bubble” that may lead to many consumers facing heavy losses in the future – according to Russian news agency TASS. These remarks were made in the regulator’s Financial Stability Report released on Tuesday (28 Nov).
The report also highlighted that users may transact in cryptocurrencies when laundering money and financing terrorism. Accordingly, Russia will develop a regulatory framework to protect consumers and prevent the use of virtual currencies for illegal purposes.
"A ‘bubble’ on the cryptocurrencies market may result in substantial loses for consumers. Also, there are risks that cryptocurrencies are used for money laundering and financing terrorism. The task of national and supranational regulators is to minimize those risks via developing a coordinated approach to regulation of the cryptocurrencies market and restricting the potential of high-risk investments and transactions," the report said.
Other cryptocurrency developments in Russia this week
Just last week, Nikolai Nikiforov, Russian Minister of Communications and Mass Media commented that Russia is unlikely to legalize the use of bitcoin in the country, as bitcoin is a foreign currency. He however went on to say that the Russian government is currently looking at different use cases for blockchain technology.
"Bitcoin is a foreign project for using blockchain technology, the Russian law will never consider bitcoin as a legal entity in the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation. However, I think that it is quite possible to use blockchain technology and the use of various digital tokens," Nikiforov said.
「 Declaration: Please indicate the source if repost the article in UNITIMES. Opinions expressed by Contributors belong to themselves. 」


the axis the highlighted value belongs to
the index of the data object - in case it refers to more than one
the index of the dataset the highlighted value is in
the x-position (pixels) on which this highlight object was last drawn
the y-position (pixels) on which this highlight object was last drawn
the associated entry
the index of the dataset the highlighted value is in
index which value of a stacked bar entry is highlighted, default -1
the x-value of the highlighted value
the x-pixel of the highlight
the y-value of the highlighted value
the y-pixel of the highlight
Generated using TypeDoc
Contains information needed to determine the highlighted value.
Philipp Jahoda


! OBSTACLE DETECT !
Object avoidance now activated.
FlintHill: SDA
Show Description
Description:
This is a web-based, live view of the drone's position and current obstacles. Like Mission Planner, this page displays all the relevant information such as altitude, direction, and speed in multiple directions. But this page also includes obstacle visualization and avoidance trajectories on a 2D plane.
How it works:
Disregards any obstacle not within 15 feet of our current altitude.
Calculates the current, straight trajectory of our drone and any intersections with other obstacles, whether they be stationary or moving.
If a collision is imminent, the drone either:
Climbs to a new, higher altitude.
Stops and stay in the same position.
Repeats.
Controls:
ws://
:5678/
Flight Instruments:
N/a
Altitude (feet)
N/a°
Direction (mag)
N/a
Speed (m/s)
N/a
Vertical Speed (m/s)
v0.1 BETA EDUCATIONAL


Changelog
v3.0.1
June 27, 2013
- New comment hierarchy
v3.0.0
May 15, 2013
- Add new Core - Helper file
- Add new Core - Content file (replaces Containers Module file)
- Add new Core - Layout file
- Move extends, mixins, animations to new Core - Helper file
- Change Core - Reset to Normalize v2.1.0
- Add better variable naming conventions
- Add more base variables
- Add
em()
function - Add
rem()
function - Use
rems
as the default typographic unit - Add better documentation for Core - Helper file elements
- Add better documentation for Application file imports
- Add better documentation for variables
v2.1.0
March 6, 2013
- Remove States as part of Core
v2.0.1
March 5, 2013
- Modify the
ellipsis
,group
, andir
extends (commit)
v2.0.0
February 22, 2013
- Initial version applied