My answers to the following questions are based on my limited knowledge and readings of scholarly books. I am not a scholar, imam or lawyer; just a Muslim programmer. You should consult your imam or do your own research before making a decision that can affect the well being of your heirs. God knows best.
"Irth" is an Arabic word that means legacy. It always has the connotation of a treasured possession. As the Prophet, peace be upon him, was explaining pilgrimage rituals to Muslims on the farewell pilgrimage, he said "You are on an 'irth' from your father Ibrahim."
Yes. Whenever "estate" is mentioned here it means the net estate after deduction of legal fees, funeral and burial expenses and payment of all debts.
Categories of eligible heirs are specified by the Quran, the Sunna and the scholars. They are the categories you see on the IRTH program's main page. Any heir that does not belong to any of these categories is not an eligible heir, e.g., aunts. Each and all of these heirs must be Muslim and must not have been convicted of murder of the testator.
They do not inherit, but they can be given a bequest. The sum of all bequests cannot exceed 1/3 (one third) of the estate.
They have the same eligibility as if their parents were alive. Simply enter them in the program if their category is listed regardless of whether their parents are alive.
No. But they can be given a bequest. The sum of all bequests cannot exceed 1/3 (one third) of the estate.
They do not inherit, e.g., consanguine aunts (sisters of father), but again they can be given a bequest. The sum of all bequests cannot exceed 1/3 (one third) of the estate.
I am not aware of any ruling that forbids it if the law of the land grants it. You should, however, check with your imam.
It's a translation of the Arabic phrase "Bayt-ul Mal". If this is not officially established in your country, then consider charitable Muslim organizations.
A bequest is a gift to a non-heir. The sum of all bequests cannot exceed 1/3 (one third) of the estate.
The sum of all bequests cannot exceed 1/3 (one third) of the estate.
The portion of one third is the maximum allowed by the Prophet, peace be upon him, when Saad Ibn Abi-Waqqas consulted him about giving two thirds of his money to charity. The Prophet rejected the two thirds suggestion. Saad then suggested one half. The Prophet rejected that too. Finally, Saad suggested one third. The Prophet reluctantly approved. He said, "A third then and a third is still too much."
No. Bequests are for non-heirs only.
A man came to the Prophet, peace be upon him, and told him that his mother had died and she had missed fasting days. He asked the Prophet if he could fast for her. The Prophet answered, "If she owed a debt, would you pay it for her?" The man answered "of course!" The Prophet said "Debt to God has more priority."
While scholars differ on whether missed religious duties can be compensated in kind, I find the above hadith a compelling evidence that they can and should be. Missed Zakah must be deducted from the estate before the estate is distributed. Missed fasting can always be compensated with money or food. That's what fidya-tus-siyam is, so it can also be deducted from the estate. I have no opinion on whether missed pilgrimage can be compensated with money and I find no evidence that missed prayers can be compensated with money either. But both prayers and pilgrimage if missed can, in my humble opinion, be compensated in kind by a relative or a friend. So, a testator may state in his or her will that he or she missed pilgrimage or prayers and hope that one or more of the relatives will be generous enough to make them up for him or her.
Bequests are not for heirs. You should, however, check with your imam.
You can choose the default, which does not favor any juristic school.
The rules of dividing up an estate are mentioned in the Quran, the Sunna and by the scholars. The IRTH program implements these rules as they were so well documented in Sayyed Sabeq's book, Fiqh-us-Sunna "Jurisprudence of the Sunna".
The IRTH program has been reviewed and tested by knowledgeable scholars and lawyers since 1989. It has been verified against all cases listed in ISNA's booklet "Last Will And Testament". You are encouraged to test it and report any errors or bugs to the author. You can also double check the computed shares with your imam, if you wish. You can follow the logic behind the computation by selecting the preference "Show details" before you click the Calculate button.
You should consult an attorney who specializes in wills, probate and estate planning. He or she can prepare a will for you where you specify how you want your estate divided and will have it legally binding. You can reference the IRTH program, if you wish, as a way to ensure the correct division of your estate by including its Internet address, http://www.IslamicSoftware.org/irth.html
A will conveys your wishes, in a legally binding way, of how you want your estate divided. Without a will, you leave the decision of how to divide your estate to the probate court of your state! It can be a lengthy, expensive procedure for your heirs. For small estates, you may be able to designate a beneficiary of your bank account, for instance, whom you trust, who will receive your money and divide it up according to Islamic law. In this case, a will may not be needed.
Prior to the revelation of inheritance verses, the Prophet, peace be upon him, said that it was unlawful for a Muslim to let three nights go by without making a will. Obviously this underscores the importance of wills. If you live in a country that does not recognize Islamic inheritance law, then I would say that the Prophet's hadith applies to you.
According to Ahmed Shaikh, an estate planning and probate lawyer in the USA, a will is not very practical by itself for estates that are not simple. In fact, he says, some wills have been ignored by judges in probate court. He recommends setting up a trust as well. Contact him for more details.
The Quran and the Sunna do not spell out every conceivable heir situation, rather they provide guidance on the key rules to use. The scholars did their best in figuring out how to divide up an estate in heir situations that lend themselves to differing interpretations of the rules. These situations are rare and there is remarkable consensus of the scholars on the majority of heir situations. An example of differing opinions is the remainder redivision rule when the sum of shares falls short of the estate. Uthman includes spouses in the redivision because they are named heirs, all other scholars do not include spouses in the redivision because they are not blood-related to the testator. Two different and sensible viewpoints. You may choose either one.
Yes, you can, if you keep the credit statements to the author and if you distribute the program at no cost only. The IRTH program is not to be sold for profit. The main page has a link that you can use to download the program.
Having said that, it is actually not a good idea to copy the program, because you will miss out on future improvements, bug fixes and additions. The whole idea behind porting this program to the web was to have a central resource and thus avoid the software update problem. It is a much better idea to link to the program's Internet address instead, http://www.IslamicSoftware.org/irth.html
After the program calculates the shares, it outputs them in a new window. Internet Explorer also shows the results on the main page next to the number of heirs. If you choose the preference "Show results only", the default, a regular report is written to the results window. If you choose "Show Details", a detailed report is written to the results window showing how the share calculation was arrived at. If you choose "Show debugging statements", a detailed report is written in addition to many debugging statements. This option is useful if you discover a bug in the program and want to report it to the author. Lastly, if you choose "Show results in a table", the regular report is written as a table. This option is especially handy if you run the "All tests" test.


{% extends "console/screens/logistics/logistics.html" %} {% block section %} {% block console_js %} {% endblock console_js %} {% endblock %}


Deep reinforcement learning demo with two behavioural policies: epsilon greedy (green), and Thompson sampling using dropout uncertainty (blue). The agents (blue and green discs) are rewarded for eating red things and walking straight, and penalised for eating yellow things and walking into walls. Both agents move at random for the first 3000 moves (the red shade in the graph). The $X$ axis of the plot shows the number of batches divided by 500 on log scale and the $Y$ axis shows average reward. (The code seems to work quickest on Chrome).
These are the settings used with the networks:


Finally, a couple approaches one of your tables.
You take a deep breath and pick up the jug of water.
Hello! Welcome to Masala Mahal.
The woman smiles. You pour the water.
Sorry, is the Butter Chicken spicy?
You nod.
But the Vindaloo is spicier.
She smiles again.
Could we have the Fish Curry?
Continue


2 Samuel 15:10
But Absalom sent spies throughout all the tribes of Israel, saying, As soon as ye hear the sound of the trumpet, then ye shall say, Absalom reigneth in Hebron.


Use the given middleware function
, with optional mount
path
, defaulting to “/”.
var express = require('express')
var app = express()
// simple logger
app.use(function (req, res, next) {
console.log('%s %s', req.method, req.url)
next()
})
// respond
app.use(function (req, res, next) {
res.send('Hello World')
})
app.listen(3000)
The “mount” path is stripped and is not visible to the
middleware function
. The main effect of this feature is that
mounted middleware may operate without code changes regardless of its
“prefix” pathname.
A route will match any path that follows its path immediately with
either a “/
” or a “.
”. For example:
app.use('/apple', ...)
will match /apple,
/apple/images, /apple/images/news,
/apple.html, /apple.html.txt, and so on.
Here’s a concrete example, take the typical use-case of serving files in
./public using the express.static()
middleware:
// GET /javascripts/jquery.js
// GET /style.css
// GET /favicon.ico
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')))
Say for example you wanted to prefix all static files with “/static”, you
could use the “mounting” feature to support this. Mounted middleware
functions are not invoked unless the
req.url
contains this prefix, at which point it is stripped
when the function is invoked. This affects this function only, subsequent
middleware will see req.url
with “/static” included unless
they are mounted as well.
// GET /static/javascripts/jquery.js
// GET /static/style.css
// GET /static/favicon.ico
app.use('/static', express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')))
The order of which middleware are “defined” using
app.use()
is very important, they are invoked sequentially,
thus this defines middleware precedence. For example usually
express.logger()
is the very first middleware you would use,
logging every request:
app.use(express.logger())
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')))
app.use(function (req, res) {
res.send('Hello')
})
Now suppose you wanted to ignore logging requests for static files, but to
continue logging routes and middleware defined after
logger()
, you would simply move static()
above:
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')))
app.use(express.logger())
app.use(function (req, res) {
res.send('Hello')
})
Another concrete example would be serving files from multiple directories, giving precedence to “./public” over the others:


OJET v5 Examples
Custom Components
Validators
Oracle JET provides validator classes that enforce a validation rule on those input strings.
Converters
Oracle JET provides converter classes that convert user input strings into the data type expected by the application


PrivApprox
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Privacy-Preserving Stream Analytics
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while supporting
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Acknowledgements:
We would like to thank Amazon for their EC2 grant.
This work has been accepted to USENIX ATC’17, see you in Santa Clara, CA!


--- layout: post title: TBS Shea shower cream review tags: - The Body Shop status: publish type: post published: true meta: _edit_last: '2' _graphene_slider_img: global _graphene_slider_imgurl: '' _graphene_show_addthis: global _aioseop_description: TBS Shea shower cream review _aioseop_keywords: TBS Shea shower cream review, the body shop, shea shower cream _aioseop_title: TBS Shea shower cream review _yoast_wpseo_linkdex: '0' _thumbnail_id: '682' --- TBS Shea shower cream review Bought this product some time back. I wanted to try out a soap free cleanser for some time and inclusion of Shea butter was like cherry on the cake. I presumed that I wont need any moisturizer after the use. Price: Rs.325 for 250ml (Got it for 295 SALE TIME :D) Product boasts of: Shea butter from Ghana, is one of nature's great moisturizers. Ghanaian women have used it for centuries to protect their skin from the dry Saharan winds. So who better to buy ours from than the Tungteiya Shea Butter Association, Northern Ghana. An association of around 400 women from 10 villages, we ensure a fair price for their product. Since trading with The Body Shop the women have been able to dramatically change their lives with water pipes and wells saving hours of water collecting, better housing, medical care, food, and self esteem. Importantly, they are also able to give their children, particularly their daughters, the chance to go to school. Beeswax from the remote tropical forests of North West Zambia, where the extra income helps more than 3,000 beekeepers preserve their traditional way of life. Dry skin will love our soap-free cleanser, packed with moisturising Community Trade Shea butter. You'll feel the softness. Product contains(taken from website.. not mentioned on bottle):


--- layout: post title: Lightweight Wiki, modified date: 2008-11-15 19:03:37.000000000 +05:30 categories: - random - tech tags: - pawfaliki - tech - wiki status: publish type: post published: true meta: _edit_last: '1' author: login: admin email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: admin first_name: '' last_name: '' ---
Recently I had been hunting around the web for a very lightweight, simple to use, flat file using, php based wiki. And I managed to find one. It's called Pawfaliki
[caption id="" align="aligncenter" width="318" caption="Pawfaliki"][/caption]
This wiki package is under 50 kb in size, has an easy to use wiki syntax, is CSS based, and has a very cool dark look. It matched my needs almost perfectly.
Test it out at www.pawfal.org
Fancy URLs
One minor nit I had was how the URL looked.. for example the About page would look like
http://www.pawfal.org/index.php?page=About
rather than a nice wiki like
http://www.pawfal.org/About
So like any good FOSS denizen, I went ahead and implemented small changes for this. Get the modified sources: pawfaliki052-modified.tar.gz
If you'd like to see the changes, get the diff for the original package at this bug I raised. (Note, I've renamed pawfaliki.php to index.php, and added a .htaccess file). The changes would go in if theres another release (the last one was a while back).
So there. Give this very small wiki package a try.


DRACULA
October 31 - November 3, 2013
Director - Sam Buchanan
THE CAST
Mina - Laura Cooley
Mrs. Sullivan - Logan Prince
Lucy - Jody Balius
Vampire Children - Alora Owens, Jamie Rambin
Renfield - John Ridgeway
The Monster - Kody Loper
Van Helsing - Justin Owens
Seward - Herb Murray
Dracula - Sam Buchanan
Briggs - Jakob Martinez
Harker - Daniel McLeod
The Brides - Jennifer Hosey, Kelsie Hosey