Soldier Supportive Acoustics
Authors: Harrison Bennett, Matthew Shackleton, Tuan Dung Lai, Chris McCarthy, Stuart Favilla, David Sly.
The Project
Develop a mobile robot capable of
listening to the 3D audio field through ambisonic techniques.
Jan, 2018
- Provide human operators with a sense of the 3D spatial sound environment.
- Equip a 3D microphone onto a mobile robot.
- Test the human-robot interoperability in a series of complex environments.
Demo
Adventures with Sumo and Garmin VIRB 360.
Robot Audition
1. Human-Robot Interaction
Okuno and Nakadai envisioned mainly HRI:
- Speech recognition.
- Achieving hearing capability equivalent to humans; enabling bidirectional human robot interactions.
- Without robot audition, HRI is mostly one-directional.
2. Artificial Intelligence
‘Squirt: The Prototypical Mobile Robot for Autonomous Graduate Students’ developed by the AI Lab at MIT (now CSAIL at MIT) in 1989.
Micro robot designed to hide in a dark place and locate a sound sources.
Methodology
Develop a mobile robot capable of
listening to the 3D audio field through ambisonic techniques
- Mechanical Design: Mount.
- Ground Station Design: Headphones
- Environment Testing: Select an open space environment for recording. Place speakers at a distance sufficient for a microphone to distinguish between sounds.
Background
Mobile robots typically use microphone arrays for recording its surrounding environment for real-time human operator listening.
These complex arrangements led to Robot Audition; the ability of a robot to listen to multiple sound sources at once(Nakadai et al., 2000, Okuno and Nakadai, 2015).
Minimum power consumption and real-time performance are vital system requirements in robotics, therefore microphone arrays are avoided due to their costly processing time(Keyrouz, 2011).
Tetrahedral microphones have been used for detection and tracking of UAVs by the Army Research Laboratory, Maryland USA. (Benyamin and Goldman, 2014).
Current systems do not integrate microphones capable of planar audio capture. Such microphones are known as ambisonic microphones.
Tags
Ambisonic Spatial Audio Parrot Jumping Sumo
Audio Processing 3D camera Soldier Acoustic
Robots
References
- NAKADAI, K., MATSUI, T., OKUNO, H. G. & KITANO, H. Active audition system and humanoid exterior design. IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2000. 1453-1461.
- OKUNO, H. G. & NAKADAI, K. Robot audition: Its rise and perspectives. 2015 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 19-24 April 2015 2015. 5610-5614.
- KEYROUZ, F. Humanoid hearing: A novel three-dimensional approach. 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Robotic and Sensors Environments (ROSE), 17-18 Sept. 2011 2011. 214-219.
- BENYAMIN, M. & GOLDMAN, G. H. 2014. Acoustic Detection and Tracking of a Class I UAS with a Small Tetrahedral Microphone Array. ARMY RESEARCH LAB ADELPHI MD.


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3.5
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Specialized information about Composite Numerical Types which allows us to define appropriate templatized classes using them. More...
Classes | |
| struct | Result |
| struct | Substitute |
Public Types | |
| enum | { NRows = K::NRows, NCols = K::NCols, RowSpacing = K::RowSpacing, ColSpacing = K::ColSpacing, NPackedElements = K::NPackedElements, NActualElements = K::NActualElements, NActualScalars = K::NActualScalars, ImagOffset = K::ImagOffset, RealStrideFactor = K::RealStrideFactor, ArgDepth = K::ArgDepth, IsScalar = K::IsScalar, IsULessScalar = K::IsULessScalar, IsNumber = K::IsNumber, IsStdNumber = K::IsStdNumber, IsPrecision = K::IsPrecision, SignInterpretation = K::SignInterpretation } |
| typedef K | T |
| typedef K::TNeg | TNeg |
| typedef K::TWithoutNegator | TWithoutNegator |
| typedef K::TReal | TReal |
| typedef K::TImag | TImag |
| typedef K::TComplex | TComplex |
| typedef K::THerm | THerm |
| typedef K::TPosTrans | TPosTrans |
| typedef K::TSqHermT | TSqHermT |
| typedef K::TSqTHerm | TSqTHerm |
| typedef K::TElement | TElement |
| typedef K::TRow | TRow |
| typedef K::TCol | TCol |
| typedef K::TSqrt | TSqrt |
| typedef K::TAbs | TAbs |
| typedef K::TStandard | TStandard |
| typedef K::TInvert | TInvert |
| typedef K::TNormalize | TNormalize |
| typedef K::Scalar | Scalar |
| typedef K::ULessScalar | ULessScalar |
| typedef K::Number | Number |
| typedef K::StdNumber | StdNumber |
| typedef K::Precision | Precision |
| typedef K::ScalarNormSq | ScalarNormSq |
Static Public Member Functions | |
| static const Scalar * | getData (const T &t) |
| static Scalar * | updData (T &t) |
| static const TReal & | real (const T &t) |
| static TReal & | real (T &t) |
| static const TImag & | imag (const T &t) |
| static TImag & | imag (T &t) |
| static const TNeg & | negate (const T &t) |
| static TNeg & | negate (T &t) |
| static const THerm & | transpose (const K &t) |
| static THerm & | transpose (K &t) |
| static const TPosTrans & | positionalTranspose (const K &t) |
| static TPosTrans & | positionalTranspose (K &t) |
| static const TWithoutNegator & | castAwayNegatorIfAny (const T &t) |
| static TWithoutNegator & | updCastAwayNegatorIfAny (T &t) |
| static ScalarNormSq | scalarNormSqr (const K &t) |
| static TSqrt | sqrt (const K &t) |
| static TAbs | abs (const K &t) |
| static TStandard | standardize (const K &t) |
| static TNormalize | normalize (const K &t) |
| static TInvert | invert (const K &t) |
| static K | getInfinity () |
| static K | getNaN () |
| static bool | isNaN (const K &t) |
| This is true if any element contains a NaN anywhere. More... | |
| static bool | isInf (const K &t) |
| This is true if at least one element contains a +Infinity or -Infinity and no element contains a NaN. More... | |
| static bool | isFinite (const K &t) |
| This is true only if no element has any entry that it NaN or Infinity. More... | |
| template<class K2 > | |
| static bool | isNumericallyEqual (const K &t1, const K2 &t2) |
| CNTs are expected to support an "==" operator for exact, bitwise equality. More... | |
| template<class K2 > | |
| static bool | isNumericallyEqual (const K &t1, const K2 &t2, double tol) |
| static double | getDefaultTolerance () |
Specialized information about Composite Numerical Types which allows us to define appropriate templatized classes using them.
Transpose is particularly tricky – we insist on Hermitian transpose meaning the elements must also be transposed and complex subelements must be conjugated.
This class exists because the built-in scalar types don't have the members we need. CNT<> is specialized for those types only; it is just a pass-through for the rest. The idea is to capture everything that has to be specialized here rather than in the template classes which use these types.
| typedef K SimTK::CNT< K >::T |
| typedef K::TNeg SimTK::CNT< K >::TNeg |
| typedef K::TWithoutNegator SimTK::CNT< K >::TWithoutNegator |
| typedef K::TReal SimTK::CNT< K >::TReal |
| typedef K::TImag SimTK::CNT< K >::TImag |
| typedef K::TComplex SimTK::CNT< K >::TComplex |
| typedef K::THerm SimTK::CNT< K >::THerm |
| typedef K::TPosTrans SimTK::CNT< K >::TPosTrans |
| typedef K::TSqHermT SimTK::CNT< K >::TSqHermT |
| typedef K::TSqTHerm SimTK::CNT< K >::TSqTHerm |
| typedef K::TElement SimTK::CNT< K >::TElement |
| typedef K::TRow SimTK::CNT< K >::TRow |
| typedef K::TCol SimTK::CNT< K >::TCol |
| typedef K::TSqrt SimTK::CNT< K >::TSqrt |
| typedef K::TAbs SimTK::CNT< K >::TAbs |
| typedef K::TStandard SimTK::CNT< K >::TStandard |
| typedef K::TInvert SimTK::CNT< K >::TInvert |
| typedef K::TNormalize SimTK::CNT< K >::TNormalize |
| typedef K::Scalar SimTK::CNT< K >::Scalar |
| typedef K::ULessScalar SimTK::CNT< K >::ULessScalar |
| typedef K::Number SimTK::CNT< K >::Number |
| typedef K::StdNumber SimTK::CNT< K >::StdNumber |
| typedef K::Precision SimTK::CNT< K >::Precision |
| typedef K::ScalarNormSq SimTK::CNT< K >::ScalarNormSq |
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This is true if at least one element contains a +Infinity or -Infinity and no element contains a NaN.
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This is true only if no element has any entry that it NaN or Infinity.
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inlinestatic |
CNTs are expected to support an "==" operator for exact, bitwise equality.
This method implements approximate, numerical equality. For scalar types, this should boil down to the isNumericallyEqual() scalar method. For 2D composite types, the default tolerance should be loosened from the element's default tolerance by the shorter of the two dimensions. For example, if element E's default numerical tolerance is tol, then a Mat<3,5,E>'s default tolerance should be 3*tol.
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The dump level controls which files will be written to the backup. If level 0
is chosen, every file under the directory to backup will be saved. Otherwise,
only files that are new or modified since the last dump of a lower level will
be written.
When backing up a directory that is not a filesystem mount point, the only
level that can be selected in 0.


Emotional Intelligence is the knowledge and awareness of one’s own mind and body as well as that of others. Having a higher Emotional Intelligence doesn’t mean you are better at being happy, but more so understanding your own emotional patterns and have a greater awareness of how those emotions come across as well as how to regulate them in a healthy way. Your own emotional intelligence also plays a critical role in your ability to empathize with the feelings of others around you.
IQ tends to be a more literal and plausible gage of intelligence. It can be channelled through how well a certain technical skill is displayed, or our ability to solve a complex problem with logic and reasoning. EQ deals more in the ability to recognize, control and properly express our own emotions as well as being able to perceive the emotions of others. While high IQ is helpful when it comes to identifying someone adept at solving problems and challenges. High EQ identifies leaders, managers and individuals who can work well with teams and cultivate a high performing personal environment.
It is important because emotions and the feelings of an individual have a significant influence on their ability to perform. Training your Emotional Intelligence helps you in recognizing those feelings, understanding why you feel that way as well as what eases/exasperates that feeling. The more one can train themselves to process their emotions in a healthy way, the better they can perform in a team environment. This isn’t a workplace exclusive skill either, it applies to every aspect of one’s life due to the simple fact that we feel and process emotions every minute we are awake.


TSURU
open source platform as a service
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Quick Start
HOL - Quick Start
In this lab we have an application called PartsUnlimited. We want to set up Continuous Integration (CI) and Continuous Deployment (CD) with Visual Studio Team Services (VSTS). Continuous Integration builds the app and runs unit tests whenever code is pushed to the master branch. After CI step succeeds it will trigger a deployment to a dev
deployment slot. The staging
slot and production
will require an approver before the app is deployed into them. Once the approver confirms that staging
slot is stable, the app will be deployed to the production site.
Note: For more in-depth information on CI and CD please visit the following links:
Pre-requisites:
-
An active Visual Studio Team Services account
-
Project Admin rights to the Visual Studio Team Services account
-
An account in Azure
-
Export/Import Build Definition extension for VSTS
Tasks Overview:
1. Import Source Code into your VSTS Account with Git: In this step you will download the PartsUnlimited source code, and then push it to your own Visual Studio Team Services account.
2. Setting up Service Endpoint in VSTS: In this step you will set up Service Endpoint in VSTS for Continues Deployment be able to deploy to Azure.
3. Continuous Integration: In this step you will import Build definition template and configure it for your repository.
4. Continuous Deployment: In this step you will import Release definition template and configure it for your build definition.
5. Export Build and Release Definitions from VSTS: In this step you will export Build and Release Definitions into your local repository.
6. Confirming successful deployment to Azure: In this step you will confirm the status of your deployment in VSTS and Azure.
Tasks
Task 1: Import Source Code into your VSTS Account with Git
In order to use VSTS Build, your VSTS must contain source code for the application. For this lab we are using the VSTS Git project. The next couple of steps will allow you to add the PartUnlimited source to the Git master repository.
Step 1. If you haven’t already, create a new team project in your Visual Studio Team Services account that uses Git for source control. Click on “New”, enter project name, select “git” for “Version control” and click on “Create project” button.
Step 2. Clone the repository to a local directory.
-
Open a command line (one that supports Git) and navigate to the directory where you want to store your local repositories. For example in a Windows OS, you can create and navigate to
C:\Source\Repos
. -
Clone the repository with the following command:
git clone https://github.com/Microsoft/PartsUnlimited.git > After a few seconds of downloading, all of the code should now be on your local machine.
-
Move into the repository directory that was just created. In a Windows OS, you can use this command:
cd PartsUnlimited
Step 3. Remove the link to GitHub.
-
The Git repo you just downloaded currently has a remote called origin that points to the GitHub repo. Since we won’t be using it any longer, we can delete the reference. To delete the GitHub remote, use:
git remote remove origin
Step 4. Add the link to VSTS and push to your local Git repo.
-
Navigate to your VSTS and click on “Code” tab. Copy and execute commands marked with
2
and3
in your command line.
Congratulations, your code should now be in VSTS.
Task 2: Setting up Service Endpoint in VSTS
Deploying ARM Templates to Azure from Release Management requires an organizational account or a Service Principal. MSA Accounts and certificate-based connections are not supported. For this HOL, you will use a Service Principal. Follow these instructions to quickly set it up: Create Azure Service Principal for VSTS
IMPORTANT: For the following CD template to work,
Connection Name
must beAzure For PartsUnlimited
.
Task 3: Continuous Integration
Step 1. Navigate to Export/Import Build Definition
extension’s link . Click on “Install”, select VSTS instance you want to add this extension to and click “Confirm”.
Step 2. Navigate to the “Build & Release” tab and click on “Builds”. If you already have at least one build definition then skip to the next step, otherwise we are going to create one very quickly to get an import build option.
-
Click on the “+ New” button, select “Empty” definition and click “Next”. On the next page click “Create”. This will create an empty build definition with default settings. Click on “Save” and then “OK”.
-
Click on “Build Definitions”.
Step 3. Click on the ellipsis (…) button next to any build and click on “Import” option.
Step 4. Click on “Browse” and select dotnetcore CI HOL.json
file in templates\build definitions
of your repository. Then click on “Import” button.
Note: Since the template doesn’t contain any information related to this project or this repository, it will take settings from the first build definition the extension finds. That’s why this extension requires at least one build definition to be there already.
Step 5. If you had to define an empty build definition before, it can now be deleted by clicking on the ellipsis (…) button and selecting “Delete definition”.
Step 6. Now, we need to define triggers for this imported build definition.
-
Click on the build definition and then click on “Edit”
-
Navigate to “Triggers” tab, check “Continuous integration (CI)” and make sure that your master branch is specified as a trigger. Click on “Save”, then “OK”.
Step 7. At this stage it’s a good idea to check that the imported build successfully builds your project. Trigger the new build with default settings by clicking on the “Queue new build…” button and then clicking on “OK”.
Note: The build process may take a while, but there is no need to await its completion before proceeding.
Congratulations, you have imported a build definition successfully.
Task 4: Continuous Deployment:
Step 1. Navigate to the “Build & Release” tab and click on “Releases”. If you already have at least one release definition then skip to the next step, otherwise we are going to create one very quickly to get an import release option.
-
Click on the “+ New definition” button and select “Empty” definition and click “Next”. On the next page click “Create”. This will create an empty release definition with default settings. Click on “Save” and “OK”.
Step 2. To import a release template click on “+” button and select “Import release definition”.
Step 3. Click on “Browse” and select PartsUnlimited.json
file in templates\release definitions
of your repository. Then click on “Import” button.
Step 4. Let’s specify the artifacts(output from VSTS Build) for our release definition. Navigate to the “ Artifacts” tab and click on “Link to an artifact source”. Set it up as shown in the screenshot below and click “Link”.
Step 5. Right after the import, you should see your tasks highlighted in red. For each tasks you may have to select your Azure subscription for the yellow field called “Azure RM Subscription”.
The name of your Azure subscription should be ‘Azure For PartsUnlimited’ like descripted at the beginning of this HOL.
Step 6. The release definition’s trigger is the key to the Continuous Deployment. To deploy on every successful build there has to be a trigger referencing the CI step completed above. Navigate to “Triggers” tab, tick “Continuous Deployment” and select the previously imported build definition.
Step 7. Now we need to specify a deployment queue.
-
To do that click on the ellipsis (…) next to the “Dev” environment definition and select “Agent queue…”.
-
Select a “Hosted” deployment queue and click “OK”.
-
Repeat these steps for the other two environments.
Step 8. Our template cannot define approvers for your environments but it’s a very good idea to have them for staging and production deployments.
-
Click on the ellipsis (…) next to the “Staging” environment definition and select “Assign approvers…”.
-
Set pre-deployment and post-deployment approvers. Also tick “Send an email notification to the approver whom the approval is pending on” and click “OK”.
-
Similarly, specify a pre-deployment approver for the “Production” environment. A post-deployment approver will not be required here because production is the last deployment environment in this template.
-
The “Dev” environment creates/updates the architecture in Azure for all three environments before deploying to the “dev” slot. For this to work you need to define passwords for test and production databases.
-
Click on the ellipsis (…) button next to the “Dev” environment and click on “Configure variables…”.
-
Enter passwords for AdminPassword and AdminTestPassword variables.
Note:
AdminPassword
is the password for the production database.AdminTestPassword
is the password for the test database. -
Change the values for the first fourth parameters by adding something unique like your initials at the end of the current one, for example in my case ‘jstr’, then click “OK”.
Note: You have to use unique values on Azure, if not you may have an deployment error because someone is already using the same values.
-
-
Like the previous step, you have to modify the global variales of this definition. Click on the ‘Variables’ section and add something unique like your initials at the end of the current one, for example in my case ‘jstr’, then click “OK”. Save the release definition by clicking on “Save” and “OK”.
Congratulations, you have imported a release definition successfully.
-
If you had to define an empty release definition before, then it can be now deleted by clicking on the dropdown arrow next to the empty definition and selecting “Delete”.
Congratulations, you have imported a release definition successfully.
Task 5: Export Build and Release Definitions from VSTS
Now that you have configured build and release definitions specifically for your repository in VSTS, it’s a good idea to replace the given templates with your own.
Step 1. Navigate to the “Build” tab. Click on the ellipsis (…) button next to the build definition you would like to export and select “Export”. This will trigger a download of the build definition in JSON format. Place this file in the templates\build definitions
directory of your local repository.
Step 2. Navigate to the “Release” tab. Click on the dropdown arrow next to the release definition you would like to export and select “Export”. This will trigger a download of the release definition in JSON format. Place this file in the templates\release definitions
directory of your local repository.
Step 3. Commit your changes using the following commands:
git add .
Stages all changes for the next commit
git commit -m "added build and release definitions"
Creates a commit from all current staged changes.
git push
Uploads commits to the remote repository.
Congratulations, now you can reuse your templates with other projects.
Task 6: Confirming successful deployment to Azure
The changes you have just committed will trigger a CI build and a deployment to Azure. Once the deployment to the “dev” slot is completed, the pre-approver for the “Staging” environment will receive an email notification about the pending deployment to the “staging” slot.
Step 1. To approve/reject the request navigate to the “Release” tab, click on , optionally leave a comment and click on the “Approve” or “Reject” button.
Note: The “Staging” environment also has a post-approver who must confirm that the app is stable and ready for the production environment. The pre-approver for the “Production” environment must also confirm before this final deployment.
Step 2. In Azure, find your App Service with the name pudncore
and open its url (this is the production site).
Note: In the “Deployment slots” section you can find the
dev
andstaging
slots with their respective urls.
Congratulations on successfully setting up Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment with VSTS.
Next steps
In this lab, you have learned how to push new code to Visual Studio Team Services, setup a Git repo, create a Continuous Integration build that runs when new commits are pushed to the master branch and create a Continuous Deployment that deploys an application to environments automatically. This allows you to receive feedback as to whether your changes contain syntactical errors or break existing tests, as well as saving time by automating the deployment process.
To learn more in-depth information about CI and CD try out these labs:


WTA Finals: Ashleigh Barty beats Elina Svitolina to win title and record prize
Ashleigh Barty beat Elina Svitolina in a high-quality match to claim the WTA Finals title and pick up the biggest prize money ever offered in tennis.
The Australian world number one won 6-4 6-3 to take the season-ending title in Shenzhen and a record $4.42m (£3.42m).
Barty, 23, had lost all her five of her previous matches against the Ukrainian defending champion.
But she came through a testing second set, featuring five breaks of serve, to take victory when Svitolina netted.
Barty, who won her first Grand Slam title at the French Open in June, will end the season as the world number one, while 25-year-old Svitolina, who reached both the Wimbledon and US Open semi-finals, finishes a year without a title for the first time since 2013.
Barty ends stunning year with another major achievement
Whatever happened in the Shenzhen final, Barty's lengthy list of achievements in a spectacular season would not have been diminished.
But she made sure she capped an extraordinary year by becoming the first Australian to win the WTA Tour finals since her role model Evonne Goolagong Cawley in 1976.
What makes her success even more remarkable is the fact Barty stepped away from the tour following the 2014 US Open, saying she felt tennis was a "lonely sport".
The Queenslander switched to cricket and played for the Brisbane Heat in the women's Big Bash before returning to the WTA Tour in early 2016.
After rising to the top 20 last year, Barty's unique mix of power and variety, intelligence and creativity, has taken her to the top of the women's game with titles on all surfaces this season.
Her 2019 achievements include:
- Winning first Premier Mandatory title at the Miami Open
- Claiming her first Grand Slam singles title at the French Open
- Winning the Birmingham title to rise to world number one for the first time
- Finishing the year as the world's top player
- Becoming the fifth player to win the WTA Finals on her debut
"It has been a remarkable year tonight was about coming out and fighting to the end. I couldn't be prouder. It has been an incredible year," Barty said.
"I'm proud of myself and the team, we tried to put ourselves in the biggest situations and occasions and we managed to do that."
Event finishes on high with engaging final
An engaging final between the top seed and defending champion was a positive end to a season-ending finals which did encounter some problems on its debut in Shenzhen.
The slow speed of the courts was criticised, while crowds in the early part of the tournament were not as packed as organisers would have hoped.
But the major issue threatening the credibility of the tournament - and the tour itself - was the gruelling demands on the players over the course of the season resulting in four of the final eight withdrawing through injury.
Japan's Australian Open champion Naomi Osaka was the first player to pull out because of a shoulder injury, before US Open winner Bianca Andreescu also withdrew as her fitness issues continued with a knee problem.
Dutch alternate Kiki Bertens, Osaka's replacement, could not continue because of a viral illness and the lengthy list was rounded off by Swiss seventh seed Belinda Bencic quitting her semi-final against Svitolina with cramp.


"Blow Dry"
It is time, once again, for Britain's annual National Hair Championship and the mayor of the town of Keighley, England has fought for the honor to host the affair. But, the town folk don't hold the same enthusiasm for the event until a local, estranged family decides to get back together and enter the competition in "Blow Dry."
"Blow Dry" has its heart in the right place but the screenplay by Simon Beaufoy, in the hands of director Paddy Breathnach, doesn't fulfill the potential of either the family drama or the hairdressing competition. There are two different movies playing here, one a melodrama and the other a flashy contest, but neither gets more than shallow coverage.
The core melodrama begins with Shelley (Natasha Richardson) leaving her hairdressing salon and her lover, Sandra (Rachel Griffiths), for a doctor's appointment. The news isn't good, but Shelley puts up a brave front, as if all is well. At the same time, the Nation Hair Championship competition is heating up and members of the hair care community from all over Britain are heading to Keighley.
The lead competitor, Raymond Robertson (Bill Nighy), wants to win at whatever cost and begins a campaign of sabotage on the other players to assure his victory. This includes checking on an old opponent living in Keighley, Phil Allen (Alan Rickman). Phil was married to Shelley when, 10 years before, she left him for Sandra the night before the hair finals that year. The bitter Phil, now just a town barber, had given up competing forever - until Ray visits him and he learns of Shelley's terminal illness. It becomes a battle of the best in Britain when Phil, Shelley, their son Brian and Sandra go against Ray and the rest for the coveted Silver Scissors trophy
This mix of family drama and the glitter of the championship work against each other in "Blow Dry." On one hand the story tries to tug at our heartstrings with Shelley's plight against cancer, a broken family and the need to get it all together one last time for the competition. This part meanders as she tries to rally her ex-spouse, Phil, and son Brian to join her, break the news of her illness to Sandra and keep her cancer under control. This tear-jerking tale is diametrically opposed to the glitzy world of the hair championship.
The competition is handled in a light-hearted way that has the requisite outrageous hair-dos, egotistical cutters, cute team monikers (The Kilburne Kutters, The Style Warriors) that sound like gang names, and a lot of glitter. This goofy humor conflicts with Shelley's serious dilemma and family woes, forcing the viewer to shift gears between the comedy and the drama. By the time it was all over, I didn't know whether I should laugh or cry, so I did neither.
The talented cast, led by Richardson and Rickman, are given little to do to develop their stick character into real people. The backdrop of the championship intrudes into the family drama, abruptly shifting the focus to comedy and glitz. The actors try, but can't get past the material. Richardson's Shelley is a stoic and pragmatic woman. Rickman looks uncomfortable with his character, Phil, and doesn't do anything to show the inner turmoil caused by the current events. The rest - Griffiths, Josh Hartnett and Rachael Leigh Cook - are little more than background window dressing.
The melding of seriocomic material can be done well, but not in "Blow Dry." I give it a C-.
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How do I... Repeat actions?
You probably won't get far in writing a bot before you need some kind of a loop. Long-running bots run in a loop by their very nature, and even linear integration tests often need to repeat certain actions or sequences. The bot army provides a number of ways to build loops and repeat actions.
When a tree "finishes"
When a bot gets to the end of its behavior tree, it will start again from the
beginning. The only way to actually make a bot stop is to have an action return an
outcome of :done
or {:error, reason}
. Be aware that when running a load test, the
runner will start a new bot in its place. Also note that the integration test runner
automatically wraps your trees with a "done" action after it to prevent them from
repeating.
# alternates logging in and making a post forever
# if either action fails, it will start from the top again
def tree do
Node.sequence([
log_in(),
make_post()
])
end
Sometimes you might want this, but other times you may only want a portion of the tree to repeat.
Using the repeat_n
node
You can nest any action or subtree under the repeat_n
node, and it will be
repeated the specified number of times, regardless of its outcome. Note the done
action to stop the bot.
# logs in, then makes 5 posts, then stops
def tree do
Node.sequence([
log_in(),
Node.repeat_n(5, make_post()),
action(BotArmy.Actions, :done)
])
end
This is the most straightforward approach, but sometimes you want to repeat steps conditionally (more like a "while loop").
Using the :continue
outcome
Bots traverse their behavior trees based on :fail
and :succeed
node outcomes.
But there is actually another outcome that tells the behavior tree to stay on the
same node it is already on: :continue
.
You can make an action repeat simply by returning that. You would probably want to put some logic in there to make it eventually return a different outcome, otherwise your bot would repeat that action forever.
While this works fine, it shifts the repeat logic into the action instead of the tree, which makes the action less atomic, and thus less flexible and reusable. Controlling loops via the tree is generally a better approach, plus you can repeat full subtrees instead of a single action.
Conditional repeats
The main approach handling repeat logic in the tree is to use one of
repeat_until_fail
or repeat_until_succeed
. These can be a little tricky
to use, and might require a subtree with some logic in it (see the conditionally run
actions recipe), but the basic concept is simple:
# logs in, then likes posts until none are left
def tree do
Node.sequence([
log_in(),
Node.repeat_until_fail(
Node.sequence([
select_next_post(),
Node.always_succeed(like_selected_post())
])
),
action(BotArmy.Actions, :done)
])
end
Notice how this uses always_succeed
to ensure that only select_next_post
will break the loop.
Limiting retries
You might have noticed in the previous example that if select_next_post
never
fails, you will be stuck in an infinite loop. Sometimes you don't know if an action
will eventually fail (or succeed), especially when you are doing validation style
actions, so you need a way limit how many times you loop.
One approach is to store a counter in the bot's context, and to be sure to increment it every time you loop, and also to break the loop if it goes over your limit. Keep in mind that actions should be as simple and atomic as possible, so this is a slippery slope, but you can encapsulate this retry logic in a helper like this:
def with_max_retries(success?, max_retries, context)
when is_boolean(success?) and
is_integer(max_retries) and
max_retries > 0 do
attempts = Map.get(context, :attempts, max_retries)
cond do
success? ->
{:succeed, attempts: max_retries}
attempts > 0 ->
# optional, give some time before trying again
Process.sleep(500)
{:continue, attempts: attempts - 1}
:else ->
{:fail, attempts: max_retries}
end
end
You can use it in your actions by giving it a boolean condition and letting it decide what outcome to return:
def validate_has_n_posts(context, expected_num) do
post_count = get_posts() |> Enum.count()
(post_count == expected_num)
|> with_max_retries(5, context)
end


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A school project to create a company of choice. This is a concept for an ice cream company, Sundae Scoop.
Included is a brand style guide and packaging mock–ups for their products.
Inspired by classic ice cream flavors, the colors evoke a nostalgia for vibrantly filled childhood days. The logo design and typeface choices follow the round and curvy motions found within the company's name.


By default export to excel is enabled when navigator is enabled. The difference in using export to excel in the
jqGridRender class, as opposed to export to excel in the
jqGridClass, is that the names in header, width and initially hidden columns are taken from column model generated in the jqGridRender class. In that respect, you have more control on the export and how the Excel spreadsheet is formatted upon exporting.
To disable the export to excel in navigator you should set the excel property to false.
$grid->setNavOptions('navigator', array("excel"=>false));
Additionaly you can overwrite the export file name to excel using the exportfile variable:
$grid->exportfile ='myexcelfile';


Reading, manipulating, writing and plotting spatiotemporal Arrays (including raster data) in R, using GDAL bindings provided by package sf.
| Version: | 0.2-0 |
| Depends: | abind, R (≥ 3.3.0), sf (≥ 0.7-0) |
| Imports: | methods, parallel, classInt (≥ 0.2-2), ncdf4, ncmeta, rlang, units |
| Suggests: | covr, dplyr (≥ 0.7-0), ggplot2, ggthemes, gstat, knitr, lwgeom, maps, pbapply, plm, raster, rmarkdown, sp, spacetime, testthat, viridis, zoo, xts, starsdata |
| Published: | 2018-10-25 |
| Author: | Edzer Pebesma [aut, cre], Michael Sumner [ctb], Etienne Racine [ctb], Adriano Fantini [ctb] |
| Maintainer: | Edzer Pebesma <edzer.pebesma at uni-muenster.de> |
| BugReports: | https://github.com/r-spatial/stars/issues/ |
| License: | Apache License version 1.1 | Apache License version 2.0 [expanded from: Apache License] |
| URL: | https://github.com/r-spatial/stars/ |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Materials: | NEWS |
| In views: | Spatial |
| CRAN checks: | stars results |
| Reference manual: | stars.pdf |
| Vignettes: |
Spatiotemporal arrays for R; stars blog one Stars: data model Spatiotemporal tidy arrays for R; first steps Stars proxy objects |
| Package source: | stars_0.2-0.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: stars_0.2-0.zip, r-release: stars_0.2-0.zip, r-oldrel: stars_0.2-0.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: stars_0.2-0.tgz, r-oldrel: stars_0.2-0.tgz |
| Old sources: | stars archive |
| Reverse imports: | mapview |
| Reverse suggests: | ggspatial, sf |
| Reverse enhances: | landscapemetrics |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=stars to link to this page.


Cat Jim
问题描述 :
Unfortunately, the wizard trapped Jim with a magic called Maze, and then he went home prepered for the delicious cat-meet-dinner. He would come back at time T.
The magic Maze transmits somebody to a special square. At there, one must solve a riddle to get out, or waiting for powerful wizard to dispel the Maze.
On the square, there are N rows stone. Each row has M stones. Each stone has its own number, and there are M pieces of stone whose number is k(1<=k<=N). Only all the stone in kth row has the same number k, the person can exit the Maze.
Certainly, Jim didn’t want to become a cat-meet-dinner, so he asked you for help.
You can assume Jim would take 1 time from one row to any row (nomatter he took a stone or not), and when start (time 0), he could go to any row he likes.
Notice: even Jim can get out of magic Maze, he also need at least 1 time to call for help.(After that he would save by SuperCat and Wizard would lost his cat-meet-dinner. Clearly he might be crazy and do something terrible. For exmaple, he might summon some vampire to catch the cat Jim and then destroy the Happy Forest:( After all, he was a dread wizard.)
输入:
输出:
样例输入:
4 3 10 1 3 1 2 3 3 1 2 2 4 4 4 4 3 1 1 3 1 2 3 3 1 2 2 4 4 4
样例输出:
6 6 Poor Cat
意思是：po给女友发了第一张妹子兽图，但是这个妹子不是女友本人，然后赞，然后第二张反差***。
“再把所有不和该节点相邻的节点着相同的颜色”，程序中没有进行不和该节点相邻的其他节点是否相邻进行判断。再说求出来的也不一样是颜色数最少的
顶一个 赞一个
题目和代码都不一样好吗！！！搞错了
这个也是算法导论的习题
为什么暴力求解方法循环到sqrt(n) 就可以了呢
有意思，有难度
网站不错
可以用公式。主要为了说明动态规划，如果要打表的话，这种方法也是较简单和高效的
我表示楼主不要乱抄题，你写的另一个题吧，直接扒了代码没跑吧
网站不错
第一个真的要比较两次吗，换成else if 不可以吗
第二个方法挺不错。NewHead代表新的头节点，通过递归找到最后一个节点之后，就把这个节点赋给NewHead，然后一直返回返回，中途这个值是没有变化的，一边返回一边把相应的指针方向颠倒，最后结束时返回新的头节点到主函数。
我还有个问题想请教一下，就是感觉对于新手来说，递归理解起来有些困难，不知有没有什么好的方法或者什么好的建议？
前排支持


Rules:
Description :
The each question given is based on your previous answered questions. There is no time limit for any question as this quiz is intended to make you understand of your knowledge in a particular topic.
Description :
The Adaptive Quiz provide you a way to enhance your knowledge through fun and increase your basic I.Q .


examples
Hello, world!
Fibonacci
Game of Life
String interpolation
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play
stop
made by Zamfofex〜 (
repository on GitHub
)


12:30
PM
Tuesday, October 5th
Search
Go!
New York
California
Colorado
Maine
Massachussets
Florida
Temp: °
Humidity:
Uv index
Tuesday
Temp: 37.6°
Humidity: 40%
UV Index: 10.9
Wednesday
Temp: 45.6°
Humidity 38%
UV Index: 9.15
Thursday
Temp: 50.6°
Humidity 70%
UV Index: 11.19
Friday
Temp: 83.5°
Humidity 45%
UV Index: 9.81
Saturday
Temp: 86°
Humidity 40%
UV Index: 9.22


Currently working on a new bar bar idea that might be cool
Added Collapse to make it look nicer
Hello to bootstrap ladies and gentlemen"
What I have have learned is that bootstrap is a pre made css for the most part and you just have to name your html based on what you want it to be
Finally got rid of th white box curse you "z index -1"
Actually made my splash page My home page and not another page silly me."
All future logs will be set up as weekly and not by day as more days keep getting add to save space"
Finally got rid of the white box curse you "z index -1"
Added title header for each pages.
Change color scheme to make it 20% cooler.
Still keep getting the white box in the drop down menu.
Learned about floating and designing fluid webpages.
Currently working on assignment 3.
Made the Nav bar both still has some bugs.
Added cool background and all pages have been added.


LAST NIGHT A film review by Christopher Null Copyright 1999 Christopher Null filmcritic.com
It's six hours until the end of the world, and Bruce Willis, Robert Duvall, and Will Smith are nowhere in sight. The world is *really gonna end* -- so what do you do with those six hours?
I rarely read film production notes, but writer/director/star Don McKellar's introduction to LAST NIGHT caught my eye this time. I quote, `The world is ending, once again. But this time, in my movie, there is no overburdened loner duking it out with the asteroid, no presidents or generals turning the tables on extra-terrestrials. Those heroes are out there, somewhere, one hopes, but I was interested in the rest of us suckers-hapless individuals who, with limited access to nuclear resources, would have to come to terms with the fast-approaching finale.'
This is heady stuff. I've long toyed with the idea of writing a black comedy set on the eve of our destruction, but always abandoned the idea because it's just too maudlin. Atom Egoyan veteran McKellar doesn't completely escape that sentiment in this film, but he does a commendable job at taking what might be the most difficult of subjects and turning it into something that's enjoyable to watch.
Reminiscent of SHORT CUTS in many ways, LAST NIGHT follows the intertwined stories of the last six hours in the lives of several people. McKellar takes the lead as Patrick, a troubled man who has to deal with his family (including sister Polly), sex-crazed friend Craig (Rennie), and lost lamb Sandra (Oh), who's trying to get home in time so she and her husband can kill each other before midnight, when the world will go away (in a mysterious fate).
None of this is played to comedy – well, maybe a *little* comedy, and before long, the world has indeed ended for what might be the first time on film, and everyone's life has changed along the way (you know, before they died).
LAST NIGHT is heavy filmmaking, but it rewards the patient viewer. It's deep and thoughtful, and quite sleepy in parts, but McKellar, in his directorial debut, has done an admirable job. I know I couldn't have done it.

Christopher Null -<EMAIL_ADDRESS>- http://www.filmcritic.com Author - Network Administrator's Reference, 1999, ISBN 0-07-882588-1 http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0078825881/filmcriticcom
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Resubmitting an assignment
To resubmit an assignment:
- In the menubar of the relevant course or project
site, click
Assignments
.
- Click the title of the assignment you want to resubmit.
Note: Returned assignments will say "Returned" in the
"Status" column of the Assignments table.
- You will see the original assignment instructions and your
original submission text. Your instructor may have included comments
in the text of your original submission, which will appear in red. Any
additional comments from your instructor will appear near the bottom
of the page. In the box labeled "Enter resubmission text below", edit
or paste your revised submission for the assignment.
- When you are finished revising your assignment, click
Resubmit
. Alternatively, you can click Save draft
to
save your submission and continue working later.


{% extends "datapages/realtime_generated_base.html" %} {% block pagetitle %}Training Links{% endblock pagetitle %} {% block rtmain_generated %}
This page refers specifically to a training given Oct. 15, 2014 about how to use the site. A copy of the presentation can be downloaded here.
Because the links in the presentation don't work in the online meeting format, those links have been collected here. They appear underneath a section header that corresponds--roughly--to the name of the slide that they originally appeared in.
Two types of efiles: periodic reports – monthly or quarterly; faster turnover: 24/48hr reports. See more about form types.
This stuff is actually documented – see the about page -- or the API dox.
http://realtime.influenceexplorer.com/newest-filings/
The URL’s are sticky, so you can save searches. This is the biggest Q3 party committees: http://realtime.influenceexplorer.com/newest-filings/#?ordering=-tot_raised&committee_class=XYZ&year_covered=2014&time_range=cycle&period_type=Q3
See filing #940023,#867750
Top house candidates for Q3
Top super PACs for Q3
Rep. Steve Stockman (R-TX) Q1 2013 (all 8 versions)
Committee Type Codes
Committee Designations
http://realtime.influenceexplorer.com/pacs/
Sample PAC Hometown Freedom Action Network
Super PACs by amount raised
Non-committees by amount spent
Party committees by outstanding debt
Overview pages of all house and senate candidates.
Candidate example: Ro Khanna.
http://realtime.influenceexplorer.com/outside-spending/
Example: Example North Carolina Senate over $100K apiece.
Page is http://realtime.influenceexplorer.com/races/
Sample race: WV-03 ; note link to all IEs for this race.
Cycle Overview | Outside Money | Super PACs | Dark Money
http://realtime.influenceexplorer.com/download-index/
There’s documentation: http://sunlightlabs.github.io/realtime-docs/
And a try-it thing that’s pretty helpful: http://tryit.sunlightfoundation.com/realtime/


| Interface | Description |
|---|---|
| MediaSessionConnector.CommandReceiver |
Receiver of media commands sent by a media controller.
|
| MediaSessionConnector.CustomActionProvider |
Provides a
PlaybackStateCompat.CustomAction to be published and handles the action when
sent by a media controller. |
| MediaSessionConnector.MediaButtonEventHandler |
Handles a media button event.
|
| MediaSessionConnector.MediaMetadataProvider |
Provides a
MediaMetadataCompat for a given player state. |
| MediaSessionConnector.PlaybackPreparer |
Interface to which playback preparation actions are delegated.
|
| MediaSessionConnector.QueueEditor |
Handles media session queue edits.
|
| MediaSessionConnector.QueueNavigator |
Handles queue navigation actions, and updates the media session queue by calling
MediaSessionCompat.setQueue() . |
| MediaSessionConnector.RatingCallback |
Callback receiving a user rating for the active media item.
|
| TimelineQueueEditor.MediaSourceFactory |
Factory to create
MediaSource s. |
| TimelineQueueEditor.QueueDataAdapter |
Adapter to get
MediaDescriptionCompat of items in the queue and to notify the
application about changes in the queue to sync the data structure backing the
MediaSessionConnector . |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| MediaSessionConnector |
Connects a
MediaSessionCompat to a Player . |
| MediaSessionConnector.DefaultMediaMetadataProvider |
Provides a default
MediaMetadataCompat with properties and extras taken from the MediaDescriptionCompat of the MediaSessionCompat.QueueItem of the active queue item. |
| RepeatModeActionProvider |
Provides a custom action for toggling repeat modes.
|
| TimelineQueueEditor |
A
MediaSessionConnector.QueueEditor implementation based on the ConcatenatingMediaSource . |
| TimelineQueueEditor.MediaIdEqualityChecker |
Media description comparator comparing the media IDs.
|
| TimelineQueueNavigator |
An abstract implementation of the
MediaSessionConnector.QueueNavigator that maps the
windows of a Player 's Timeline to the media session queue. |
| Annotation Type | Description |
|---|---|
| MediaSessionConnector.PlaybackActions |
Playback actions supported by the connector.
|


Accelerometer sensor values combined with onsen sliders.
CSS styles combined with camera.
Apply CSS filter
This is a simple dialog!
Close


Application
Add visual intelligence to your augmented applications.
We manage all underlying layers to empower your offerings with well-tuned visual models, so you can focus on your
product and business. Supplement any video based application with intelligence and accelerate adoption.
Data Services
Very high accuracy through custom data tuning. We
provide
high-value annotations and data tuning service to fit your exact needs. Integrate visual intelligence supported with
well maintained data models. Improve and scale beyond general API solutions.


Transactions
| date | action | sum | confirmations | from | to | message | id |
|---|
Developed by Cuby & AroDev | Released under the MIT license | Absolutely no warranties
| date | action | sum | confirmations | from | to | message | id |
|---|
Developed by Cuby & AroDev | Released under the MIT license | Absolutely no warranties


Copyright (c) 2017 Dani Mahardhika
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
Copyright (c) 2017 Dani Mahardhika
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
Copyright (c) 2017 Dani Mahardhika
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
Copyright (c) 2014 Evan Tatarka
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
Copyright (c) 2015 BlueLine Labs, Inc.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
Copyright (c) 2011-2014 Sergey Tarasevich
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) 2014-2016 Aidan Michael Follestad
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE..
Copyright (c) 2015 takahirom
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
Copyright (c) 2016 Chris Banes
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
Copyright (c) 2013 Christopher Jenkins
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
- Android In-App Billing v3 Library
Copyright (c) 2014 AnjLab
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
Copyright (c) 2016 Lopez Mikhael
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
Copyright (c) 2013 Umano
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
Copyright (c) 2016 Keepsafe Software Inc.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
Copyright 2016 Javier Santos
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
Copyright 2016 Javier Santos
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) 2016 Cüneyt Ayyıldız
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.


2021-06-06
As you can see, the name of this post is automatically derived from the directory name.
name


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|
MetroCollect
2.3.4
|
#include <array>
#include <cctype>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <string_view>
#include <vector>
Go to the source code of this file.
Classes | |
| struct | MetroCollect::MetricsSource::KeyUnit |
| Stuct to associate a field name containing a certain key with a unit. More... | |
Namespaces | |
| MetroCollect::MetricsSource | |
| Namespace for sources of metrics objects and operations. | |
Functions | |
| uint64_t | MetroCollect::MetricsSource::parseUint (const char *&buffer) noexcept |
| Fast and unsafe unsigned integer parser. More... | |
| bool | MetroCollect::MetricsSource::resetFile (std::ifstream &file, std::vector< char > &buffer, const std::string_view &path) |
| Attempts to open a file and set buffer size accordingly. More... | |
| bool | MetroCollect::MetricsSource::readFile (std::ifstream &file, std::vector< char > &buffer, const std::string_view &path) |
| Attempts to read file into buffer. More... | |
| template<size_t N> | |
| std::string | MetroCollect::MetricsSource::findUnit (const std::string &name, const std::array< KeyUnit, N > &keyUnitAssociation, const std::string_view &defaultUnit) |
| Tries to associate a field name with a unit, falling back on the default unit if none matches. More... | |
| int | MetroCollect::MetricsSource::alphanumCompare (const char *l, const char *r) |
| Alphanumeric string comparison. More... | |


--- layout: default title: MCHDurham ---
Montessori Children’s House of Durham (MCHD) lays foundations for intellectual, moral, emotional, physical, social, and spiritual competence in our students. We shape young people who have a sense of the grand order of the universe, who can assume their rights and responsibilities, find joy in learning, and who delight among the peoples and in the places where they live.
To accomplish these goals, MCHD implements classic Montessori principles of respect for the child’s capabilities, preparation of the environment in which the child can be successful, and observation of each learner’s style and progress.
Founded in 1976, MCHD became the first school in NC to be Accredited by the American Montessori Society, in 1996.
Watch MCHD Laying the Foundation, a video by MCHD parent, Sam King.


Tari is a new open source, digital assets focused blockchain protocol that is being architected as a merge-mined sidechain with Monero. We chose to focus specifically on digital assets – things like tickets, loyalty points, in-game items, and crypto-native assets like CryptoKitties – because we see a huge opportunity to revolutionize the way these assets are owned, managed and transferred.
A digital asset is one that consumers can purchase or earn the right to use, but which exists entirely in digital form. Digital assets include event tickets, in-game items, loyalty points, and cryptonative assets.
Creators of digital assets will be able to issue them as programmable non-fungible tokens on the Tari blockchain and trust that their rules will be enforced. Rules may be economic in nature (e.g. X% fee every time a given asset is transferred), time-based (e.g. A given asset can only be transferred X days after receipt) or something else entirely. Our goal is to architect Tari in a manner that gives asset issuers meaningful flexibility with the rulesets they create for their digital assets.
We plan on making Tari scalable by utilizing technologies like payment channels and transaction cut-through.
Merge mining allows miners in one cryptocurrency to also mine another cryptocurrency with minimal extra overhead or cost to themselves.  If you draw 100, you win nothing. By opting into merge mining Tari, you get an additional free ticket to win Tari if that number is greater than, say 90. If you draw 1,001 you win both Monero and Tari.
Monero and Tari share the philosophy of doing one job, and doing it well. Monero is a privacy focused cryptocurrency. Tari is a generalized digital assets focused protocol. The two are complementary and not in competition.
The Tari logo was designed by Office, an iconic San Francisco branding firm. It features two main themes: 1) a “T” for “Tari” centered within a gem, representing the type of digital gems or treasures which will be issued on the Tari blockchain and 2) the shape of a three-dimensional block with a chain wrapped around it (you may miss this one at first glance!), referencing the core technology upon which Tari is built.
There are many blockchain protocols that currently, or plan to support some form of digital assets. However, many of these protocols also support the development of decentralized applications. Due to the many trade-offs involved, we think it’s harder to build a scalable, decentralized applications focused protocol, than a protocol that focuses only on digital assets. We also think that protocols that will ultimately change how our world works will combine great technology and a great go-to-market strategy.
Consumers will be able to use applications built on top of the Tari blockchain to more easily transfer their digital assets while respecting the rules set by issuers. Ultimately, our intended result is a frictionless, lower cost digital asset ecosystem that benefits consumers and digital asset issuers.
The Tari protocol is being built for a specific use: to facilitate the issuance, management and transfer of digital assets. Digital assets include: tickets, loyalty points, in-game items, and crypto-native assets like CryptoKitties.
Tari is not running any kind of public token sale. We’re not currently soliciting or accepting investment, and any opportunities to buy Tari tokens you may see online are scams.
After the launch of the Tari genesis block, you will be able to opt into mining Tari by mining Monero.
We chose Monero because we care deeply about decentralization, are passionate believers in the ideology that drives the Monero community, and think Monero is a great fit for a foundational security layer. We hope other projects will consider leveraging Monero in this manner.
Open-source projects are typically built by many participants, from the ground up, with only the end-goal in mind. As stewards of the project our role isn’t to force a roadmap on those building the Tari protocol. Our goal is to help guide and direct, where suitable, to help everyone accomplish the end goal. Tari is a destination, and we welcome anyone who believes in the Tari mission to contribute.
Tari literally means “newly minted money” in Arabic. It also refers to a small gold coin used in the Mediterranean from the 10th through the 14th centuries. Since it was lightweight and convenient to use compared with other coins of the time, it became a popular medium of exchange for everyday commerce. Similarly, we envision the new Tari protocol being commonly used to create and distribute digital assets of all types.
The Tari organisation exists to steward the development of the Tari protocol, and is allowed to do so by the nascent Tari community. Tari Labs employs some full time Tari contributors, but the best way for us to build a powerful, robust protocol is to have many contributors working on the Tari project. Thus we invite you to participate by checking open issues on the Tari GitHub, and participate in the ongoing development discussion on Freenode in #tari-dev or #tari-research for research-oriented discussions.


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Think about the MVP. Time was of the essence, so prioritizing and making the necessary decisions to move forward was essential. Narrowing down the target market and critical features for a first iteration was the primary goal.
While two of our team worked through the business model, and plans for sales and marketing, my design partner and I discussed the navigation and layouts for priority features, and put together preliminary wireframes (pictured) to demonstrate the user’s flow through the app.
*With the disclaimer that the following steps occured on my own, after the cutoff for the IdeaHack.
After refining ideas in the initial sketches, I brought those plans a little closer to life with the clearer low-fidelity UX mockups shown here to outline a few of the first key steps the users would go through.
Head to InVision to see it in action.
This is an example of one possible flow, for a user located in the Seaport neighborhood of Boston, looking for an afternoon excursion of cultural activities for less than $25 per person on April 10.
While this app is currently just a concept, if we were to launch the idea, my next step would be to test its performance against pre-determined benchmarks. For example, during usability testing, I would measure how many people from a test group were able to complete the assigned task to ensure the user flow is intuitive.
Keep testing. Find a way to the solution.


10) Writing unit tests and running from anywhere on your machine¶
Related references:
- https://docs.python-guide.org/writing/tests/
- https://jeffknupp.com/blog/2013/12/09/improve-your-python-understanding-unit-testing/
- https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html
We always want to test that our program works. Last time, we did that manually–I looked at the output and saw it was what I expected and wanted. We also talked about the need to automate tests, so we can be sure that, as we add more functionality, we don’t accidentally break something. This will also allow us to check that our program behaves as desired on multiple architectures. Today, we’ll discuss how to do so.
Writing tests for Python is much like writing tests for your own code.
Tests need to be thorough, fast, isolated, consistently repeatable, and
as simple as possible. We try to have tests both for normal behavior and
for error conditions. Tests live in the tests
directory, where every
file that includes tests has a test_
prefix.
What is meant by unit testing?¶
It is testing small units of code, e.g. individual functions, to help isolate the location of the error.
In addition, I always test the “main” function to make sure individual units connect correctly.
unittest
is also a test module in the Python standard library.
Creating test cases is accomplished by subclassing unittest.TestCase
(see below)
Examples of types of errors to look for¶
- Syntax errors: often checks that the user typed in a valid argument, and gives a useful error message if such a mistake is caught.
- Logical errors: when the algorithm used is not correct (either originally, or error created upon later editing of the code)
- Unexpected input/edge cases: e.g. a program is only meant to work with positive values (e.g. a zero is entered and a log will be taken)
What type of error does the test below check for?
In [1]:
# A very basic unittest
import unittest
def fun(x):
return x + 1
class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):
def test(self):
self.assertEqual(fun(3), 4)
The heart of the test is the assertion step at the end. There are many options, more even than those listed below. There are further notes on how all the following work at https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html.
| Method | Checks that |
|---|---|
| assertEqual(a, b) | a == b |
| assertNotEqual( a, b) | a != b |
| assertTrue(x) | bool(x) is True |
| assertFalse(x) | bool(x) is False |
| assertIs(a, b) | a is b |
| assertIsNot(a, b) | a is not b |
| assertIsNone(x) | x is None |
| assertIsNotNone (x) | x is not None |
| assertIn(a, b) | a in b |
| assertNotIn(a, b) | a not in b |
| assertAlmostEqu al(a, b) | round(a-b, 7) == 0 |
| assertNotAlmost Equal(a, b) | round(a-b, 7) != 0 |
| assertGreater(a , b) | a > b |
| assertGreaterEq ual(a, b) | a >= b |
| assertLess(a, b) | a < b |
| assertLessEqual (a, b) | a <= b |
| assertCountEqua l(a, b) | a and b have the same elements in the same number, regardless of their order |
Generally, the functions we are testing will be in a different file than the tests. I’ve set up tests for our sample arthritis project (https://github.com/team-mayes/arthritis_proj_demo). Let’s walk through those tests to get a feel for the types of tests we want to make.
First, note that I’ve reorganized my folders a little bit, separating
out tests
and making a subfolder with files for testing the script
data_proc.py
. I like to have a separate test for each script, and a
separate folder for files for testing that script.
Now let’s look at test_data_proc.py
. As usual, the beginning
includes imports of libraries. Not that we have to import the script
that we want to test.
In [2]:
"""
Unit and regression test for data_proc.py
"""
import errno
import os
import sys
import unittest
from contextlib import contextmanager
from io import StringIO
import numpy as np
import logging
from arthritis_proj.data_proc import main, data_analysis
The logging
library is helpful to log or perform certain actions
only under certain conditions. You’ll see how this is used in the tests
below.
In [3]:
# logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
DISABLE_REMOVE = logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG)
To refer to where particular files are, we want to use relative paths only, as we want these tests to work on many diffrent machines. What do you think the following lines do?
In [4]:
CURRENT_DIR = os.path.dirname(__file__)
MAIN_DIR = os.path.join(CURRENT_DIR, '..')
TEST_DATA_DIR = os.path.join(CURRENT_DIR, 'data_proc')
PROJ_DIR = os.path.join(MAIN_DIR, 'arthritis_proj')
DATA_DIR = os.path.join(PROJ_DIR, 'data')
SAMPLE_DATA_FILE_LOC = os.path.join(DATA_DIR, 'sample_data.csv')
# Assumes running tests from the main directory
DEF_CSV_OUT = os.path.join(MAIN_DIR, 'sample_data_stats.csv')
DEF_PNG_OUT = os.path.join(MAIN_DIR, 'sample_data_stats.png')
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-4-eee6dc89282f> in <module>()
----> 1 CURRENT_DIR = os.path.dirname(__file__)
2 MAIN_DIR = os.path.join(CURRENT_DIR, '..')
3 TEST_DATA_DIR = os.path.join(CURRENT_DIR, 'data_proc')
4 PROJ_DIR = os.path.join(MAIN_DIR, 'arthritis_proj')
5 DATA_DIR = os.path.join(PROJ_DIR, 'data')
NameError: name '__file__' is not defined
That does it for our preamble. Now I’ve defined a helper function that
will be used by the tests below it. (FYI, as described on
https://docs.python.org/3/library/errno.html, errno.ENOENT
is a
standard error message that means No such file or directory
. Any
questions on what this function does?
In [5]:
def silent_remove(filename, disable=False):
"""
Removes the target file name, catching and ignoring errors that indicate that the
file does not exist.
@param filename: The file to remove.
@param disable: boolean to flag if want to disable removal
"""
if not disable:
try:
os.remove(filename)
except OSError as e:
if e.errno != errno.ENOENT:
raise
Now let’s get to the tests themselves, going through each line to see what they do:
In [6]:
class TestMain(unittest.TestCase):
# These tests make sure that the program can run properly from main
def testSampleData(self):
# Checks that runs with defaults and that files are created
test_input = ["-c", DEFAULT_DATA_FILE_LOC]
try:
if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG):
main(test_input)
# checks that the expected message is sent to standard out
with capture_stdout(main, test_input) as output:
self.assertTrue("sample_data_stats.csv" in output)
self.assertTrue(os.path.isfile("sample_data_stats.csv"))
self.assertTrue(os.path.isfile("sample_data_stats.png"))
finally:
silent_remove(DEF_CSV_OUT, disable=DISABLE_REMOVE)
silent_remove(DEF_PNG_OUT, disable=DISABLE_REMOVE)
class TestMainFailWell(unittest.TestCase):
def testMissingFile(self):
test_input = ["-c", "ghost.txt"]
if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG):
main(test_input)
with capture_stderr(main, test_input) as output:
self.assertTrue("ghost.txt" in output)
capture_stdout
and capture_stderr
called functions at the bottom
of the file. Don’t worry about understanding each line of the bellow.
The main point is that these allow any messages sent to standard out or
standard error, respectively, to be captured as strings.
In [7]:
# Utility functions
# From http://schinckel.net/2013/04/15/capture-and-test-sys.stdout-sys.stderr-in-unittest.testcase/
@contextmanager
def capture_stdout(command, *args, **kwargs):
# pycharm doesn't know six very well, so ignore the false warning
# noinspection PyCallingNonCallable
out, sys.stdout = sys.stdout, StringIO()
command(*args, **kwargs)
sys.stdout.seek(0)
yield sys.stdout.read()
sys.stdout = out
@contextmanager
def capture_stderr(command, *args, **kwargs):
# pycharm doesn't know six very well, so ignore the false warning
# noinspection PyCallingNonCallable
err, sys.stderr = sys.stderr, StringIO()
command(*args, **kwargs)
sys.stderr.seek(0)
yield sys.stderr.read()
sys.stderr = err
Separately, the tests below checked that the function
data_analysis()
behaves as expected.
In [8]:
class TestDataAnalysis(unittest.TestCase):
def testSampleData(self):
# Tests that the np array generated by the data_analysis function matches saved expected results
csv_data = np.loadtxt(fname=SAMPLE_DATA_FILE_LOC, delimiter=',')
analysis_results = data_analysis(csv_data)
expected_results = np.loadtxt(fname=os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "sample_data_results.csv"), delimiter=',')
self.assertTrue(np.allclose(expected_results, analysis_results))
def testSampleData2(self):
# A second check, with slightly different values, of the data_analysis function
csv_data = np.loadtxt(fname=os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "sample_data2.csv"), delimiter=',')
analysis_results = data_analysis(csv_data)
expected_results = np.loadtxt(fname=os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "sample_data2_results.csv"), delimiter=',')
self.assertTrue(np.allclose(expected_results, analysis_results))
Let’s add another test together. I want to see what happens if I have different number of days of data for different patients. I started with a new file () in which I deleted some days of data from patients 2 and three (want to see what is different? Do a file compare!).
Now let’s see what happens when we run this, which I will do from the beginnings of a new test. Note that I moved a test into a new class. I do this to help people who might use my tests to figure out how to run the program.
In [9]:
class TestMainBadInput(unittest.TestCase):
def testMissingFile(self):
test_input = ["-c", "ghost.txt"]
main(test_input)
with capture_stderr(main, test_input) as output:
self.assertTrue("ghost.txt" in output)
def testDataDiffNumCols(self):
input_file = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "sample_data3_diff_cols.csv")
test_input = ["-c", input_file]
main(test_input)
Running testDataDiffNumCols
, I get the following error:
I’ll take this information, specifically the type of error that I’m getting, and do a try-catch loop for this error. I know that this problem happens in line 67 of data_proc.py, so I’ll go there (by clicking on the link) to see where I can catch this exception.
We are already in a try-catch loop, but it only caught an IOError
.
We now can add the so I’ll add the ValueError
.
In [10]:
def parse_cmdline(argv):
"""
Returns the parsed argument list and return code.
`argv` is a list of arguments, or `None` for ``sys.argv[1:]``.
"""
if argv is None:
argv = sys.argv[1:]
# initialize the parser object:
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument("-c", "--csv_data_file", help="The location (directory and file name) of the csv file with "
"data to analyze",
default=DEFAULT_DATA_FILE_LOC)
args = None
try:
args = parser.parse_args(argv)
args.csv_data = np.loadtxt(fname=args.csv_data_file, delimiter=',')
except IOError as e:
warning("Problems reading file:", e)
parser.print_help()
return args, IO_ERROR
except ValueError as e:
warning("Read invalid data:", e)
parser.print_help()
return args, INVALID_DATA
return args, SUCCESS
Let’s try running our test again.
Now we get the behavior we want, but we are not yet actually testing anything with an assert statement. Let’s do that by checking that we get the error we expect. FYI: I added a clause that the program will be run on its own only if the debugger is on, but we are not getting anything from running it without capturing an error message that we will use for testing. It can be nice to see the whole output message, which we would get if we have make the debugging mode active.
In [11]:
class TestMainFailWell(unittest.TestCase):
def testMissingFile(self):
test_input = ["-c", "ghost.txt"]
if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG):
main(test_input)
with capture_stderr(main, test_input) as output:
self.assertTrue("ghost.txt" in output)
def testDataDiffNumCols(self):
input_file = os.path.join(TEST_DATA_DIR, "sample_data3_diff_cols.csv")
test_input = ["-c", input_file]
if logger.isEnabledFor(logging.DEBUG):
main(test_input)
with capture_stderr(main, test_input) as output:
self.assertTrue("Wrong number of columns" in output)
Some best practices in writing tests¶
(from https://docs.python-guide.org/writing/tests/)
- A testing unit should focus on one tiny bit of functionality and prove it correct.
- Each test unit must be fully independent. Each test must be able to run alone, and also within the test suite, regardless of the order that they are called. The implication of this rule is that each test must be loaded with a fresh dataset and may have to do some cleanup afterwards.
- Try hard to make tests that run fast. If one single test needs more than a few milliseconds to run, development will be slowed down or the tests will not be run as often as is desirable. In some cases, tests can’t be fast because they need a complex data structure to work on, and this data structure must be loaded every time the test runs. Keep these heavier tests in a separate test suite that is run by some scheduled task, and run all other tests as often as needed. Use small versions of data and files to be tested to keep things fast.
- Learn your tools and learn how to run a single test or a test case. Then, when developing a function inside a module, run this function’s tests frequently, ideally automatically when you save the code.
- Always run the full test suite before a coding session, and run it again after. This will give you more confidence that you did not break anything in the rest of the code.
- It is a good idea to implement a hook that runs all tests before pushing code to a shared repository.
- If you are in the middle of a development session and have to interrupt your work, it is a good idea to write a broken unit test about what you want to develop next. When coming back to work, you will have a pointer to where you were and get back on track faster.
- The first step when you are debugging your code is to write a new test pinpointing the bug. While it is not always possible to do, those bug catching tests are among the most valuable pieces of code in your project.
- Use long and descriptive names for testing functions. The style guide here is slightly different than that of running code, where short names are often preferred. The reason is testing functions are never called explicitly. square() or even sqr() is ok in running code, but in testing code you would have names such as testSquareOfNumber2(), testSquareNegativeNumber(). These function names are displayed when a test fails, and should be as descriptive as possible.
- When something goes wrong or has to be changed, and if your code has a good set of tests, you or other maintainers will rely largely on the testing suite to fix the problem or modify a given behavior. Therefore the testing code will be read as much as or even more than the running code. A unit test whose purpose is unclear is not very helpful in this case.
- Another use of the testing code is as an introduction to new developers. When someone will have to work on the code base, running and reading the related testing code is often the best thing that they can do to start. They will or should discover the hot spots, where most difficulties arise, and the corner cases. If they have to add some functionality, the first step should be to add a test to ensure that the new functionality is not already a working path that has not been plugged into the interface.
Next steps¶
Start thinking about your project. I encourage discussion with me about what you might want to do and how to accomplish it. I will be posting some more examples to help you with the project; knowing what kinds of tasks you want to accomplish will help me set up useful examples for you.


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