ATxmega128A1 specific SPI API. More...
#include <regs/xmega_spi.h>
#include <chip/memory-map.h>
#include <clk/sys.h>
#include <spi/spi_xmega.h>
#include <spi/spi_mega_xmega.h>
Go to the source code of this file.
Defines | |
| #define | SPI_ID_UART_FIRST 4 |
| First SPI ID which is a uart. | |
| #define | SPI_ID_LAST 11 |
| Last SPI ID. | |
| #define | SPI_ID_NATIVE_IS_ENABLED false |
| true if native SPI is enabled | |
| #define | SPI_ID_UART_IS_ENABLED false |
| true if uart SPI is enabled | |
spi_master derived type connections | |
| #define | spi_master_type0 SPI_MASTER_NATIVE_TYPE |
| #define | spi_master_type1 SPI_MASTER_NATIVE_TYPE |
| #define | spi_master_type2 SPI_MASTER_NATIVE_TYPE |
| #define | spi_master_type3 SPI_MASTER_NATIVE_TYPE |
spi_device derived type connections | |
| #define | spi_device_type0 SPI_DEVICE_NATIVE_TYPE |
| #define | spi_device_type1 SPI_DEVICE_NATIVE_TYPE |
| #define | spi_device_type2 SPI_DEVICE_NATIVE_TYPE |
| #define | spi_device_type3 SPI_DEVICE_NATIVE_TYPE |
ATxmega128A1 specific SPI API.
Copyright (C) 2009 Atmel Corporation. All rights reserved.
Definition in file spi.h.


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I decided to take the leap and my first step into making it a reality was joining the Nashville Software School. In a one year, part-time, intensive training program I became more confident and determined in my choice. It gave me the courage to follow through on my decision and now I am ready to start a new journey in my life.


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| Contents | Previous | Next | Java Management Extensions (JMX) Technology Tutorial |
This chapter introduces the concepts of standard and dynamic management beans (MBeans) and also shows how to use Java Management Extensions (JMX) technology to perform operations on MBeans, both locally and remotely.
This example demonstrates standard and dynamic MBeans only.
As seen in Chapter 2, "Essentials of the JMX API", a standard MBean is one that statically defines its management interface through the names of the methods it contains. A dynamic MBean implements a specific Java interface and reveals its attributes and operations at run time.
The JMX technology defines a connector based on RMI. The RMI connector supports the Java Remote Method Protocol (JRMP) transport, and optionally, the Internet Inter-Object Request Broker (ORB) Protocol (IIOP) transport. This connector allows you to connect to an MBean in an MBean server from a remote location, and perform operations on it, exactly as if the operations were being performed locally.
The purpose of this example is to demonstrate the implementation of a standard MBean and a dynamic MBean. It also shows how to perform operations on them, both locally, and remotely through an RMI connection between a server and a remote client.
When you run this example:
SimpleStandard
and a
SimpleDynamic
MBean in the local MBean
serverThe RMI connector example is contained in the
directory work_dir/jmx_examples/Basic
.
The following sections analyze each of the classes used in the basic MBean example, and explain how they perform the operations described in the preceding section.
Due to its size, the Server.java
class is shown in several code
excerpts.
public class Server { public static void main(String[] args) { try { MBeanServer mbs = MBeanServerFactory.createMBeanServer(); waitForEnterPressed(); String domain = mbs.getDefaultDomain(); waitForEnterPressed(); String mbeanClassName = "SimpleStandard"; String mbeanObjectNameStr = domain + ":type=" + mbeanClassName + ",name=1"; ObjectName mbeanObjectName = createSimpleMBean(mbs, mbeanClassName, mbeanObjectNameStr); waitForEnterPressed(); printMBeanInfo(mbs, mbeanObjectName, mbeanClassName); waitForEnterPressed(); manageSimpleMBean(mbs, mbeanObjectName, mbeanClassName); waitForEnterPressed(); mbeanClassName = "SimpleDynamic"; mbeanObjectNameStr = domain + ":type=" + mbeanClassName + ",name=1"; mbeanObjectName = createSimpleMBean(mbs, mbeanClassName, mbeanObjectNameStr); waitForEnterPressed(); printMBeanInfo(mbs, mbeanObjectName, mbeanClassName); waitForEnterPressed(); manageSimpleMBean(mbs, mbeanObjectName, mbeanClassName); waitForEnterPressed(); [...]
Examining this class, you can see that the following occurs:
Firstly, the Server.java
class creates a new MBean server called
mbs
by calling the createMBeanServer()
method of the MBeanServerFactory
class.
Then, the default domain in which the MBean server
is registered is obtained with a call to the getDefaultDomain()
method of the MBeanServer
interface. The domain is identified by
the string domain
.
The MBean class named SimpleStandard
is also identified by a variable, in
this case the string mbeanClassName
.
SimpleStandard
is the name of the Java
class for the Java object of which this MBean is an instance. The
SimpleStandard.java
object is examined
in Section "SimpleStandard.java".
Another variable, the string mbeanObjectNameStr
, is defined as the combination of
the domain, plus the following key=value pairs:
type
, which in this case is the
mbeanClassName
.name
, to differentiate this MBean
from other MBeans of the same type that might be created
subsequently. In this case the name number is 1
.The purpose of mbeanObjectNameStr
is to give the MBean a
human-readable identifier.
A call to createSimpleMBean() creates and registers the SimpleStandard MBean in the local MBean server, with the given object name.
The operations printMBeanInfo()
, and manageSimpleMBean()
are then performed on the
SimpleStandard
MBean. Like createSimpleMBean()
, these methods are defined later
in the Server.java
code, and are shown
in CODE EXAMPLE 3-4 and
CODE EXAMPLE 3-5.
In code that is not shown here, a second MBean of
the type SimpleDynamic
is created and
registered in the MBean server in exactly the same way as the
SimpleStandard
MBean. As the name
suggests, this MBean is an instance of the SimpleDynamic
Java object, which is examined in
Section "SimpleDynamic.java".
[...] JMXServiceURL url = new JMXServiceURL("service:jmx:rmi:///jndi/rmi://localhost:9999/server"); JMXConnectorServer cs = JMXConnectorServerFactory.newJMXConnectorServer(url, null, mbs); cs.start(); waitForEnterPressed(); cs.stop(); [...]
In CODE EXAMPLE 3-2, an RMI
connector server is created so that operations can be performed on
the MBeans remotely. A call to the class JMXServiceURL
creates a new service URL called
url
, which serves as an address for the
connector server. In this example, the service URL is given in
JNDI form, rather than in encoded form (see the API documentation for the
javax.management.remote.rmi
package for
an explanation of JNDI form). This service URL defines the
following:
rmi
.9999
on the
local host, and the server address will be registered under the
name server
. The port 9999
specified in the example is arbitrary; you can
use any available port.An RMI connector server named cs
is created by calling the constructor
JMXConnectorServerFactory
, with the
service URL url
, a null
environment map, and the MBean server
mbs
as parameters. The connector server
cs
is launched by calling the
start()
method of JMXConnectorServer
, whereupon RMIConnectorServer
exports the RMI object
server
to the RMI registry. The
connection will remain open until the Enter key is pressed, as
instructed by the simple method waitForEnterPressed
, that is defined later in the
Server
code.
[...] private static ObjectName createSimpleMBean(MBeanServer mbs, String mbeanClassName, String mbeanObjectNameStr) { echo("\n>>> Create the " + mbeanClassName + " MBean within the MBeanServer"); echo("ObjectName = " + mbeanObjectNameStr); try { ObjectName mbeanObjectName = ObjectName.getInstance(mbeanObjectNameStr); mbs.createMBean(mbeanClassName, mbeanObjectName); return mbeanObjectName; } catch (Exception e) { echo( "!!! Could not create the " + mbeanClassName + " MBean !!!"); e.printStackTrace(); echo("\nEXITING...\n"); System.exit(1); } return null; } [...]
CODE EXAMPLE 3-3 shows
the definition of the createSimpleMBean()
method. In this method, the
MBean instance with the object name mbeanObjectNameStr
is passed to the getInstance()
method of the ObjectName
interface to create a new object name for
registering the MBean inside the MBean server. The resulting object
name instance is named mbeanObjectName
.
A call to the MBeanServer
method
createMBean()
then instantiates an MBean
defined by the combination of the Java object identified by
mbeanClassName
and the MBean instance
mbeanObjectName
and registers this MBean
in the MBean server mbs
.
[...] private static void printMBeanInfo(MBeanServer mbs, ObjectName mbeanObjectName, String mbeanClassName) { MBeanInfo info = null; try { info = mbs.getMBeanInfo(mbeanObjectName); } catch (Exception e) { echo( "!!! Could not get MBeanInfo object for " + mbeanClassName +" !!!"); e.printStackTrace(); return; } MBeanAttributeInfo[] attrInfo = info.getAttributes(); if (attrInfo.length > 0) { for (int i = 0; i < attrInfo.length; i++) { echo(" ** NAME: " + attrInfo[i].getName()); echo(" DESCR: " + attrInfo[i].getDescription()); echo(" TYPE: " + attrInfo[i].getType() + "READ: "+ attrInfo[i].isReadable() + "WRITE: "+ attrInfo[i].isWritable()); } } else echo(" ** No attributes **"); [...]
In CODE EXAMPLE 3-4 we see
the definition of the method printMBeanInfo()
. The printMBeanInfo()
method calls the MBeanServer
method getMBeanInfo()
to obtain details of the attributes
and operations that are exposed by the MBean mbeanObjectName
. MBeanAttributeInfo
defines the following methods,
each of which is called in turn to obtain information about the
mbeanObjectName
MBean’s
attributes:
getName
, to obtain the
attribute’s name.getDescription
, to obtain the human
readable description of the attribute.getType
, to obtain the class name of
the attribute.isReadable
, to determine whether or
not the attribute is readable.isWritable
, to determine whether or
not the attribute is writable.In code that is not shown here, calls are made to
obtain information about the mbeanObjectName
MBean’s constructors,
operations and notifications:
MBeanConstructorInfo
, to obtain
information about the MBean’s Java class.MBeanOperationInfo
, to learn what
operations the MBean performs, and what parameters it takes.MBeanNotificationInfo
, to find out
what notifications the MBean sends when its operations are
performed.[...] private static void manageSimpleMBean(MBeanServer mbs, ObjectName mbeanObjectName, String mbeanClassName) { try { printSimpleAttributes(mbs, mbeanObjectName); Attribute stateAttribute = new Attribute("State", "new state"); mbs.setAttribute(mbeanObjectName, stateAttribute); printSimpleAttributes(mbs, mbeanObjectName); echo("\n Invoking reset operation..."); mbs.invoke(mbeanObjectName, "reset", null, null); printSimpleAttributes(mbs, mbeanObjectName); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } private static void printSimpleAttributes( MBeanServer mbs, ObjectName mbeanObjectName) { try { String State = (String) mbs.getAttribute(mbeanObjectName, "State"); Integer NbChanges = (Integer) mbs.getAttribute(mbeanObjectName, "NbChanges"); } catch (Exception e) { echo( "!!! Could not read attributes !!!"); e.printStackTrace(); } } [...]
CODE EXAMPLE 3-5 shows a method for managing a simple MBean.
The manageSimpleMBean()
method first of all calls the printSimpleAttributes()
method that is also defined
by Server
. The printSimpleAttributes()
method obtains an MBean
attribute called state
from the MBean
mbeanObjectName
, as well as another
MBean attribute called NbChanges
. Both
of these attributes are defined in the SimpleStandard
class, shown in Section "SimpleStandard.java".
The manageSimpleMBean()
method then defines an attribute called stateAttribute
, which is an instance of the
Attribute
class. The stateAttribute
attribute associates a value of
new state
with the existing attribute
state
, defined by SimpleStandard
. A call to the MBeanServer
method setAttribute()
then sets the mbeanObjectName
MBean’s state to the new state
defined by stateAttribute
.
Finally, a call to the MBeanServer
method invoke()
invokes the mbeanObjectName
MBean’s reset
operation. The reset
operation is defined in the SimpleStandard
class.
The SimpleStandardMBean.java
class is shown in CODE EXAMPLE 3-1.
public interface SimpleStandardMBean { public String getState(); public void setState(String s); public int getNbChanges(); public void reset(); }
The SimpleStandardMBean.java
class is a straightforward
JMX specification management interface for the MBean SimpleStandard
. This interface exposes the four
operations defined by SimpleStandard
for
management through a JMX agent.
The SimpleStandard.java
class is shown in CODE EXAMPLE 3-1.
public class SimpleStandard extends NotificationBroadcasterSupport implements SimpleStandardMBean { public String getState() { return state; } public void setState(String s) { state = s; nbChanges++; } public int getNbChanges() { return nbChanges; } public void reset() { AttributeChangeNotification acn = new AttributeChangeNotification(this, 0, 0, "NbChanges reset", "NbChanges", "Integer", new Integer(nbChanges), new Integer(0)); state = "initial state"; nbChanges = 0; nbResets++; sendNotification(acn); } public int getNbResets() { return nbResets; } public MBeanNotificationInfo[] getNotificationInfo() { return new MBeanNotificationInfo[] { new MBeanNotificationInfo( new String[] { AttributeChangeNotification.ATTRIBUTE_CHANGE }, AttributeChangeNotification.class.getName(), "This notification is emitted when the reset() method is called.") }; } private String state = "initial state"; private int nbChanges = 0; private int nbResets = 0; }
The SimpleStandard
class defines a straightforward JMX specification standard
MBean.
The SimpleStandard
MBean exposes operations and attributes for management by
implementing the corresponding SimpleStandardMBean
interface, shown in Section "SimpleStandardMBean.java".
The simple operations exposed by this MBean are as follows:
The notification emitted by the reset operation is
an instance of the class AttributeChangeNotification
, which collects
information about the number of changes carried out on the
State
attribute before calling reset.
The content of the notification sent is defined by the MBeanNotificationInfo
instance.
The SimpleDynamic
class
is shown in CODE EXAMPLE 3-1.
public class SimpleDynamic extends NotificationBroadcasterSupport implements DynamicMBean { public SimpleDynamic() { buildDynamicMBeanInfo(); } [...]
The SimpleDynamic
dynamic MBean shows how to expose attributes and operations for
management at runtime, by implementing the DynamicMBean
interface. It starts by defining a
method, buildDynamicMBeanInfo()
, for
obtaining information for the MBean dynamically. The buildDynamicMBeanInfo()
method builds the
MBeanInfo
for the dynamic MBean.
The rest of the code of SimpleDynamic
corresponds to the implementation of
the DynamicMBean
interface. The
attributes, operations and notifications exposed are identical to
those exposed by the SimpleStandard
MBean.
The ClientListener.java
class is shown in CODE EXAMPLE 3-1.
public class ClientListener implements NotificationListener { public void handleNotification(Notification notification, Object handback) { System.out.println("\nReceived notification: " + notification); } }
The ClientListener
class implements a straightforward JMX specification notification
listener.
The handleNotification()
method of the NotificationListener
interface is called upon
reception of a notification, and prints out a message to confirm
that a notification has been received.
The Client.java
class
is shown in CODE EXAMPLE 3-1.
public class Client { public static void main(String[] args) { try { // Create an RMI connector client // JMXServiceURL url = new JMXServiceURL( "service:jmx:rmi:///jndi/rmi://localhost:9999/server"); JMXConnector jmxc = JMXConnectorFactory.connect(url, null); ClientListener listener = new ClientListener(); MBeanServerConnection mbsc = jmxc.getMBeanServerConnection(); waitForEnterPressed(); // Get domains from MBeanServer // String domains[] = mbsc.getDomains(); for (int i = 0; i < domains.length; i++) { System.out.println("Domain[" + i + "] = " + domains[i]); } waitForEnterPressed(); String domain = mbsc.getDefaultDomain(); // Create SimpleStandard MBean ObjectName mbeanName = new ObjectName(domain +":type=SimpleStandard,name=2"); mbsc.createMBean("SimpleStandard", stdMBeanName, null, null); waitForEnterPressed(); // Create SimpleDynamic MBean ObjectName dynMBeanName = new ObjectName(domain +":type=SimpleDynamic,name=2"); echo("\nCreate SimpleDynamic MBean..."); mbsc.createMBean("SimpleDynamic", dynMBeanName, null, null); waitForEnterPressed(); // Get MBean count echo("\nMBean count = " + mbsc.getMBeanCount()); // Query MBean names echo("\nQuery MBeanServer MBeans:"); Set names = mbsc.queryNames(null, null); for (Iterator i = names.iterator(); i.hasNext(); ) { echo( "ObjectName = " + (ObjectName) i.next()); } waitForEnterPressed(); mbsc.setAttribute(stdMBeanName, new Attribute("State", "changed state")); SimpleStandardMBean proxy = JMX.newMBeanProxy( mbsc, stdMBeanName, SimpleStandardMBean.class, true); echo("\nState = " + proxy.getState()); ClientListener listener = new ClientListener(); mbsc.addNotificationListener(stdMBeanName, listener, null, null); mbsc.invoke(stdMBeanName, "reset", null, null); mbsc.removeNotificationListener(stdMBeanName, listener); mbsc.unregisterMBean(stdMBeanName); [...] jmxc.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } [...]
The Client.java
class
creates an RMI connector client that is configured to connect to
the RMI connector server created by Server.java
.
As you can see, Client.java
defines the same service URL
url
as that defined by Server.java
. This allows the connector client to
retrieve the RMI connector server stub named server
from the RMI registry running on port
9999
of the local host, and to connect
to the RMI connector server.
With the RMI registry thus identified, the
connector client can be created. The connector client, jmxc
, is an instance of the interface JMXConnector
, created by the connect()
method of JMXConnectorFactory
. The connect()
method is passed the parameters
url
and a null
environment map when it is called.
The Client also creates an instance of
ClientListener
, to listen for
notifications, as shown in Section "ClientListener.java".
An instance of a JMX specification MBeanServerConnection
, named mbsc
, is then created by calling the getMBeanServerConnection()
method of the
JMXConnector
instance jmxc
.
The connector client is now connected to the MBean
server created by Server.java
, and can
register MBeans and perform operations on them with the connection
remaining completely transparent to both ends.
The client creates and registers the SimpleStandard
MBean and the SimpleDynamic MBean in
the MBean server with a call to the createMBean()
method of MBeanServerConnection
, and performs the operations
defined by SimpleStandard
and
SimpleDynamic
as if they were local JMX
specification MBean operations.
MBean proxies allow you to access an MBean through
a Java interface, allowing you to make calls on the proxy rather
than having to write lengthy code to access a remote MBean. An
MBean proxy for SimpleStandardMBean
is
created here by calling the method newMBeanProxy()
in the javax.management.JMX
class, passing it the
MBean’s MBeanServerConnection
,
object name, the class name of the MBean interface and true, to
signify that the proxy must behave as a NotificationBroadcaster
. You can make proxies for
MXBeans in exactly the same way as for standard MBeans, by simply
calling newMXBeanProxy()
instead of
newMBeanProxy()
.
The code for the different operations performed on
SimpleDynamic
is not shown here, because
the operations are the same as those performed on SimpleStandard
.
Finally, the client unregisters the SimpleStandard
MBean and closes the connection. The
final removeNotificationListener
is
optional, as listeners registered by a remote client are removed
when that client is closed.
Having examined the example classes, you can now
run the example. To run the example, follow the steps below, or see
the README
file:
$
javac *.java
9999
of the local host.
The RMI registry will be used by the Server
to register the RMI connector stub.
$
rmiregistry 9999 &
Server
class.
$
java -classpath . Server
You will see confirmation of the creation of the
MBean server and the creation of the SimpleStandard
MBean in the MBean server. You will
then be prompted to press the Enter key to obtain information
about, and then to perform operations on, the SimpleStandard
MBean.
Once the operations on the SimpleStandard
have completed, the process will be
repeated for the SimpleDynamic
MBean.
Once both the MBeans have been created and their
operations performed, you see the creation of an RMI connector
server, to allow operations to be performed on the MBeans from the
remote Client
.
Client
class in another
terminal window.
$
java -classpath . Client
You will see confirmation of the
creation of the RMI connector client and of the connection with the
connector server. You will also be informed of the domain name, and
the creation and registration of SimpleStandard
and SimpleDynamic MBeans. The client
will then perform operations on SimpleStandard
and SimpleDynamic MBeans, before
unregistering them.


I wish to show you the marvel that CSS Grids are with this simple holy grail layout that is entirely responsive and created with nothing but CSS.


|
IOH
<IP_ADDRESS>
Experimentation procedure for Iterative Optimization Heuristics
|
Computes the matrix that is the sum of all matrices in an AttainmentSuite. More...
#include <ioh/logger/eah.hpp>
Public Types | |
| using | Mat = std::vector< std::vector< size_t > > |
| The type used to store the histogram matrix. More... | |
| using | Type = std::vector< std::vector< size_t > > |
| Type of the computed statistic. | |
Public Member Functions | |
| Histogram () | |
| Constructor. | |
| Mat | operator() (const EAH &logger) override |
| Computes the histogram on the logger's data. More... | |
| size_t | nb_attainments () const |
| Returns the number of attainment matrices encountered during main computations. More... | |
Protected Attributes | |
| bool | _has_computed |
| State check flag. | |
| size_t | _nb_att |
| Number of encountered attainment matrices. | |
Computes the matrix that is the sum of all matrices in an AttainmentSuite.
Across problems, dimensions and instances.
| using ioh::logger::eah::stat::Histogram::Mat = std::vector<std::vector<size_t> > |
The type used to store the histogram matrix.
|
inline |
Returns the number of attainment matrices encountered during main computations.
Computes the histogram on the logger's data.
| logger | The logger::EAH. |
Implements ioh::logger::eah::Stat< std::vector< std::vector< size_t > > >.


Trader Viktor:
A clairvoyant? Me? What do you mean? I never had such a nickname. You must be thinking about someone else. If you want to buy anything, I will treat you with respect. Otherwise, buzz off!
Show him Terry's Letter.


Analytical, goal oriented leader with proven track record in management and enforcement Space Fleet Operations or Frontend Development. Wide range of hands-on experience, including:
- Large scale construction projects oversight
- Advanced forms of mind control
- Planetary scale demolitions operations
- Fugitive recovery services
“Together we can rule the galaxy
Notable achievements
Designed, built and piloted a custom pod racer. 32 BBY Boonta Eve Classic Race Champion
In my spare time at Waldâs Parts junk shop I designed and built a Class III open cockpit Podracer capable of 588 mph top speed. Went on to win the Boonta Eve Classic race in 32 BBY - first ever win by a human. Generated documented company revenue of over 59 wupiupi during the course of my enslavement.
Oversight of DS1 and DS2 Orbital Battle Stations construction projects
During my tenure as a Supreme Imperial Fleet Commander I was in charge of large capital construction projects for the Deep Space Fleet. Performed acceptance testing of the DS1 SuperLaser in 0 BBY by annihilating Alderaan - a terrestrial class planet in the Core Worlds region. Successfully tripled the deep space fire power of the imperial fleet in accordance with the Tarkin Doctrine before losing both projects to run-away photon torpedoes.
“I find your lack of faith disturbing.
Experience
Sith Empire Headquarters, Dromund Kaas
Supreme Commander of Imperial Forces, Emperor’s Enforcer
- As the right-hand man to Emperor Sidious, hunted down jedi survivors and enforced the will of the empire;
- Oversaw construction of the first generation Death Star;
- First ever Imperial Supreme Commander;
Wally’s Parts / Toyarian Watto junk shop, Mos Espa, Tatooine
Enslaved Volunteer
- General help and front-desk retail operations at the junk shop, second hand droid parts, mechanical / droid repair services;
- Designed and piloted custom-built Podracer, ran track-side operations for the podracing team
“When I left you, I was but the learner; now I am the master.
Formal training
Green Fox Academy, Budapest
Full stack developer
- Padawan to Knight Tojas;
- Learned programming with a specialisation in JavaScript and Front-end technologies
Sith Empire, Coruscant
Master of the Dark Side of the Force
- Apprentice to Sith Lord Darth Sidious;
Jedi Order Academy, Coruscant
Master of Jedi Force
- Padawan to Knight Obi Wan Kenobi. Bodyguard to Senator Padme Amidala during the Clone Wars of 22 BBY;
- Graduated with donors;
Personal interests
- Midi-Chlorian research as a hobby;
- Recreational mind-control techniques;
- Amateur and local club podracing.


Here we present approaches to identify fishing activity from S-AIS data for three dominant fishing gear types.


{% if any ([pass_dict.reason_to_participate, pass_dict.technical_issues,
pass_dict.languages_available, pass_dict.tools_used, pass_dict.prepared_by]) %}
{% else %}
{{ _('Apologies, this course has yet to receive any feedback of this type.') }}
{% endif %}


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No. 1 Electronics Dealer in Alaba Int'l Market
We deal on laptops, desktops, server systems, gaming systems, printers, gaming monitors, phones, computer accessories, solar panels, UPS etc. We supply schools, CBT centers, banks and government offices with both new and UK/US used electronic products
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Week One:Hallo! Ich bin David.
An explanation of the first week of my trip through Germany! This post covers airports, Cologne, and some great food and friends.
Arriving Across the Pond
I arrived in Düsseldorf Internation Airport on June 1st after going through the longest flight in my life. On the flight I watched Birdman and Interstellar for free. Both of the movies were really interesting, but when I arrived in Düsseldorf I regretted not having the extra sleep. The other person arriving at the time was Nick Gailey, a Ruhr Fellow from Berkeley. He was very nice and down to earth. This is either his second or third time in Germany so I think I will be coming to him for German help throughout the trip.
We met our German doubles at the train station and made it back to the dorms in TU Dortmund in one piece. I met most of the other Ruhr Fellows in front of the train station at the University and we set off to the main city. At the first stop a Ruhr Fellow named Charles thought it was the city so we all ended up leaving the train. Because we got off at the wrong station we had to wait for almost an hour for the next train. I didn’t mind too much because it gave us plenty of time to get to know the other Ruhr Fellows. Luckily most of them also do not really speak German, so I don’t feel too embarrassed that my language is on the level of a small toddler.
When we finally arrived at the city Laura (the program director) treated us all to dinner. The burger and beer that I ordered were delicious and a great introduction to German food!
Ich spreche kein deutsch: Introduction to German lessons
We have a few classes that we are required to take for the first month: daily German language class, weekly Culture/Technology courses with other TU students, and a weekly private series on culture. Most of our time is going to be spent visiting the Ruhr area and the companies located there. We seem to be mostly meeting with CEOs, politicians, and academics. I guess you could say we are high-profile Americans living in Germany for this month.
The German lessons seem to be going pretty slow. Every time I learn a phrase I am reminded of how many I simply do not know. Whenever I want to ask to use the bathroom, ask for the price of something, or introduce myself I can only think of how to say things in Spanish. The good news is that I learned a lot of Spanish throughout High School. The even better news is that this is just making me more determined to learn German.
The Doubles
We were also introduced to our German doubles this week. These doubles are also students in our Culture and Technology class. My double’s name is Dennis. He speaks perfect English and is very friendly. My main goal this month is to have a casual conversation with him in German. After meeting the doubles Dennis introduced me to FlunkeBall, a drinking game known throughout Germany. The goal is to knock over a bottle of water that has been placed between the two teams. The team that knocks the bottle over gets to drink until the other team puts the bottle back upright. The first team to finish all of their beers wins. My introduction to this game illustrates the differences in drinking culture between Germany and the United States. In Germany the game is set up so that it is the winners that are drinking. This prevents the negative feedback loop seen in America where the losers continually get worse at the game. It also solidifies drinking beer as something that is positive and part of the culture.
The First Free Day: A trip to Köln (Cologne)
We had the first Thursday free for a religious holiday so we decided to travel to Cologne. The Cologne Cathedral was the first thing that we saw outside of the train station. It is an awe-inspiring building and it is one of the largest pieces of intricate architecture I have ever seen.
The experience was enhanced by the fact that the holiday was being celebrated at the Cathedral. We soon found ourselves stuck in a crowd lining a pack of priests and large procession of people in red and white outfits. While we couldn’t understand what was going on, it was a pretty interesting and a good start to the day.
After lunch Andy, Wanda and I visited the Ludwig Museum of Modern Art. The museum had the largest standing collection of Picassos. I found all of the exhibits to be very interesting, they had some very beautiful abstract paintings.
We finished the trip by walking across the Hohenzollern bridge. This is one of Europe’s lock bridges. This means that couples put a lock on the bridge and throw the key into the Rhine river to symbolize their lasting relationship. There were an unbelievable amount of locks on the bridge of all different shapes and sizes. We even heard from someone that many of the locks were taken down because their combined weight were threatening the bridge. If I read that fact in a novel I would think that the author was being a little heavy handed with the symbolism.
An Event with the Chancellor: A trip to Bochum
On the Saturday of the first week we had a large even in Bochum University, the sister university to TU Dortmund. The event was being held to celebrate Bochum’s 50th anniversary. Bochum is one of the first new universities that was created in the Ruhr area and it is apparently very dear to the German people.
The event consisted of dancers, an orchestra, and a speech by the German President, Joachim Gauck. The event would have been great except for the fact that we were never really given food and it was dragging on until the afternoon. What started out as one of the fanciest events quickly became a sort of foodless prison. We were all happy when we were able to come back to Dortmund so we could start our real weekend, catch up on some much needed sleep, and finally go food shopping.


Chester Billiards League League 2018-2019
League Table
| Position |
Team |
Played |
Points |
| 1= |
Waverton A |
16 |
96 |
| 1= |
Chester Cons |
16 |
96 |
| 3 |
Eastham Home Guard |
16 |
86 |
| 4 |
Ewloe |
16 |
84 |
| 5 |
Waverton B |
16 |
82 |
| 6 |
Upton RBL A |
16 |
80 |
| 7= |
Broughton |
16 |
68 |
| 7= |
Buckley Cons |
16 |
68 |
| 9 |
Upton RBL B |
16 |
60 |
Waverton A beat Chester Cons 10-0 in the play off for the League title, at Upton RBL on
Monday March 4th 2019
Congratulations Waverton A on becoming our
League Champions
Most Wins: 11
Geoff Brassington (Chester Cons)
Highest Break: 138
Geoff Brassington (Chester Cons)
Breaks over 50
Geoff Brassington: 138, 129, 115, 104, 94, 84, 62
Steve Bradshaw: 90, 86, 67unf, 58, 58, 51, 50
Phil Whiteside: 77, 63
Ken Massey: 64
Eddie Duggan: 63, 57, 57, 54, 52
Colin Jones: 52, 50
Chester Billiards League are proudly sponsored by


Ben Hagenaars, Liesbeth Huybrechts
Unread
"Participatory scenario making: a tool for engaging and enabling local communities in reshaping their living environment."
Provided as part of Facemooc course reading materials.


Move the contents of one register-pair to another.
Note: It is legal to move from vN to either vN-1 or vN+1, so implementations must arrange for both halves of a register pair to be read before anything is written.
| Op & Format | Mnemonic / Syntax | Arguments |
|---|---|---|
| 04 12x | move-wide vA, vB | A: destination register pair (4 bits)B: source register pair (4 bits) |
| 05 22x | move-wide/from16 vAA, vBBBB | A: destination register pair (8 bits)B: source register pair (16 bits) |
| 06 32x | move-wide/16 vAAAA, vBBBB | A: destination register pair (16 bits)B: source register pair (16 bits) |
None.


Array of UTF8 bytes to be converted
Optionally index of first byte to convert, inclusive
Optionally index of last byte to convert, exclusive
Converts hexadecimal string to array of bytes.
Hexadecimal string to convert
Array of bytes
Similar to lodash's keyBy function, but creates array for each key
Input array
Indexation key
Read raw varint (without header etc.) from buffer
Array containing a varint
Number of bytes to skip before reading (default 0)
Parsed varint as a Long
Read raw varint (without header etc.) from buffer and get its length in bytes
Array containing a varint
Number of bytes to skip before reading (default 0)
Tuple containing parsed varint and its length in bytes
Converts JavaScript string to array of UTF8 bytes
String to be converted
Converts array of bytes or string to hex. If string is provided, fromByteArray is implicitly used
Bytes or string to convert
Hexadecimal string
Write number/Long to a raw varint
Value to be converted to a varint
Bytes containing value as a varint
Generated using TypeDoc
Converts array of UTF8 bytes to JavaScript string Can optionally convert only part of array: [start, end)


C
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C
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M
R
A
D
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A
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a
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y
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Ananya - CFR
pursuing 2nd year MBBS at Katuri Medical College
Classical Dancer from the past 10 Years
Loves Cooking
Loves Reading Novels
Movie Geek


Structure holding the timing parameters. More...
#include <GPMC_v1.h>
Data Fields | |
| uint32_t | csOnTime |
| uint32_t | csRdOffTime |
| uint32_t | csWrOffTime |
| uint32_t | advOnTime |
| uint32_t | advRdOffTime |
| uint32_t | advWrOffTime |
| uint32_t | advAadMuxOnTime |
| uint32_t | advAadMuxRdOffTime |
| uint32_t | advAadMuxWrOffTime |
| uint32_t | weOnTtime |
| uint32_t | weOffTime |
| uint32_t | oeOnTime |
| uint32_t | oeOffTime |
| uint32_t | oeAadMuxOnTime |
| uint32_t | oeAadMuxOffTime |
| uint32_t | pageBurstAccess |
| uint32_t | rdAccessTime |
| uint32_t | wrAcessTime |
| uint32_t | rdCycleTime |
| uint32_t | wrCycleTime |
| uint32_t | wrDataOnMuxBusTime |
| uint32_t | cycle2CycleDelay |
| uint32_t | cycleDelaySameChipSel |
| uint32_t | cycleDelayDiffChipSel |
| uint32_t | busTurnAroundTime |
Structure holding the timing parameters.
| uint32_t GPMC_v1_timingParams::advAadMuxOnTime |
ADV Assertion time in an AADMultiplexed access.
| uint32_t GPMC_v1_timingParams::advAadMuxRdOffTime |
ADV Read de-assertion time in an AADMultiplexed access.
| uint32_t GPMC_v1_timingParams::advAadMuxWrOffTime |
ADV Write de-assertion time in an AADMultiplexed access.
| uint32_t GPMC_v1_timingParams::advOnTime |
ADV Assertion time.
| uint32_t GPMC_v1_timingParams::advRdOffTime |
ADV Read de-assertion time.
| uint32_t GPMC_v1_timingParams::advWrOffTime |
ADV Write de-assertion time.
| uint32_t GPMC_v1_timingParams::busTurnAroundTime |
Bus turn around time between two successive accesses to the same chip-select (read to write) or to a different chip-select(read to read and read to write) in GPMC_FCLK cycles.
| uint32_t GPMC_v1_timingParams::csOnTime |
Chip Select assertion time.
| uint32_t GPMC_v1_timingParams::csRdOffTime |
Chip Select Read de-assertion time.
| uint32_t GPMC_v1_timingParams::csWrOffTime |
Chip Select Write de-assertion time.
| uint32_t GPMC_v1_timingParams::cycle2CycleDelay |
Chip Select high pulse delay between two successive accesses.
| uint32_t GPMC_v1_timingParams::cycleDelayDiffChipSel |
Value to control adding of cycle2cycle delay between two successive accesses to the different chip select.
| uint32_t GPMC_v1_timingParams::cycleDelaySameChipSel |
Value to control adding of cycle2cycle delay between two successive accesses to the same chip select.
| uint32_t GPMC_v1_timingParams::oeAadMuxOffTime |
OE de-assertion time in an AADMultiplexed access.
| uint32_t GPMC_v1_timingParams::oeAadMuxOnTime |
OE assertion time in an AADMultiplexed access.
| uint32_t GPMC_v1_timingParams::oeOffTime |
OE de-assertion time.
| uint32_t GPMC_v1_timingParams::oeOnTime |
OE assertion time.
| uint32_t GPMC_v1_timingParams::pageBurstAccess |
Multiple access word delay.
| uint32_t GPMC_v1_timingParams::rdAccessTime |
Start-cycle to first valid delay.
| uint32_t GPMC_v1_timingParams::rdCycleTime |
Total read cycle time.
| uint32_t GPMC_v1_timingParams::weOffTime |
WE de-assertion time.
| uint32_t GPMC_v1_timingParams::weOnTtime |
WE assertion time.
| uint32_t GPMC_v1_timingParams::wrAcessTime |
Delay from StartAccessTime to the CLK rising edge.
| uint32_t GPMC_v1_timingParams::wrCycleTime |
Total write cycle time.
| uint32_t GPMC_v1_timingParams::wrDataOnMuxBusTime |
Write Data on Mux Bus Time.


I love coffee, but I tend to forget my own tumbler. So I appreciate the reusable sharing system.
- Patricia
As a coffee lover, I would appreciate to drink coffee whilst helping the environment.
- Ernest Hemingway
I have not failed. I've just found 10,000 ways that won't work.
- Thomas A. Edison
❮
❯


Success
This is Success message demo with a very long text which i could type at this moment lolInfo
This is Info message demoWaring
This is Warning message demoError
This is Error message demoSuccess
This is Success message demo with a very long text which i could type lolInfo
This is Info message demoWaring
This is Warning message demoError
This is Error message demo


Hi, I'm Naveena!
I'm a PhD student at the University of Washington's School of Computer Science and Engineering, working with the Information and Communication Technology and Development (ICTD) Lab and advised by Richard Anderson. I graduated from Georgia Tech's College of Computing in December 2016 and worked with the TanDEm lab, advised by Neha Kumar.
I'm interested in the use and design of technology related to learning and health in low-resource contexts, particularly by girls and women. This work tends to fall in the overlap of HCI (Human Computer Interaction) and ICTD. I have worked on a range of projects related to women's safety in public spaces, offline media sharing in rural areas, virtual reality and technology use in learning environments, and healthcare access for low-income populations.
My research is rooted in feminist methodologies, in which participation, pluralism, reflexivity, and careful consideration of the potential effects of a technology are crucial to the research and design process.
You can contact me at naveenak at cs dot washington dot edu.


Community Workshops 1:30-2:00 & 2:30-3:00
Englewood Arts Festival
home
workshops
Activities
Performances
free your mind body and soul with all the enteresting workshops that will be going on at the Englewood Arts festival!!!


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Just a plus rule and a times rule – that's all it takes to get going. Here are some examples of standard problem solving techniques.
A box contains 6 dark chocolates and 4 milk chocolates. I pick two at random without replacement.
Question. What is the chance that I get one of each kind?
Answer. You will have noticed that the problem doesn't specify whether the dark has to come first, or the milk. Either could happen. So list the different ways, that is, partition the event:
(Aha! The two terms are equal! Get ready for many more such symmetries in sampling without replacement.)
Now add the chances of the two bits. The answer is $2\cdot(6/10)\cdot(4/9)$.
This method should become as natural as breathing. You should also redo the problem under the unnatural assumption that the chocolates are drawn with replacement, to see what changes and what stays the same.
 A ball is drawn at random, and then replaced in the urn along with $d$ more balls of its color. Then a ball is drawn at random from the urn.
Question 1. What is the chance that the first ball drawn is black?
Answer 1. Not much effort required. $$ P(\text{first ball black}) = \frac{b}{b+w} $$
Question 2. What is the chance that the second ball drawn is black?
Answer 2. Your mind goes naturally to what the first ball was, so partition according to the color of that one, and add. The fundamental method strikes again.
\begin{align*} P(\text{second ball black}) &= P(WB) + P(BB) \\ \\ &= \frac{w}{b+w} \cdot \frac{b}{b+w+d} ~+~ \frac{b}{b+w} \cdot \frac{b+d}{b+w+d} \\ \\ &= \frac{wb + b^2 + bd}{(b+w)(b+w+d)} \\ \\ &= \frac{b(b+w+d)}{(b+w)(b+w+d)} \\ \\ &= \frac{b}{b+w} \end{align*}That's the same as the chance that the first ball is black, no matter what $d$ is. This scheme is interesting!
Question 3. What is the chance that the second ball drawn is black, given that the first one drawn was black?
Answer 3. We already used this in the calculation above. Conditional probabilities "going forwards in time" can often just be read off the information in the question, as in this case: $$ P(\text{second ball black} \mid \text{first ball black}) = \frac{b+d}{b+w+d} $$
Question 4. What is the chance that the first ball drawn is black, given that the second one drawn was black?
Answer 4. This kind of "going back in time" conditional probability isn't easy to just read off. This is where the division rule comes in.
\begin{align*} P(\text{first ball black} \mid \text{second ball black}) &= \frac{P(BB)}{P(\text{second ball black})} \\ \\ &= \frac{\frac{b}{b+w} \cdot \frac{b+d}{b+w+d}}{\frac{b}{b+w}} \\ \\ &= \frac{b+d}{b+w+d} \end{align*}This one does depend on $d$, but it's the same as Answer 3. Forwards and backwards don't seem to make a difference. Now you begin to see why this scheme carries the name of its renowned originator George Polya (1887-1985). You can keep repeating the scheme – replace the drawn ball with another $d$ balls of its color, and draw again – to get a process with beautiful and useful properties for updating opinions as data comes in. We'll try to get to that later in the course.


This chart shows how hard Trump's trade war is hammering global growth, Business Insider - Business Insider Singapore
by Yusuf Khan, Business Insider US- The OECD on Thursday released a warning to the global economy – GDP growth is going to drop, and it’s up to governments to stop fighting to fix it.
- In a statement, the OECD said that world GDP growth this year is expected to fall to 2.9%, “its lowest annual rate since the financial crisis,” and is expected to hover at that level in 2020 and 2021.
- The OECD highlighted the US-China trade war as the reason for this decline.
- View Business Insider’s homepage for more stories.
The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) on Thursday released a warning for the global economy – GDP growth is going to drop, and it’s up to governments to stop fighting to fix it.
In its latest economic outlook, the OECD said that world GDP growth this year is expected to fall to 2.9% – “its lowest annual rate since the financial crisis,” and is expected to hover around that level through 2020 and 2021.
The OECD blamed a lack of trade for the economy slowing, saying that “bold action is needed” in order to solve high levels of business uncertainty.
“Governments must work together urgently to boost investment and establish fair international rules on taxation and trade,” the OECD said in a statement on Thursday.
The OECD highlighted the US-China trade war as the reason for this decline.
“Two years of escalating conflict over tariffs, principally between the US and China, has hit trade, is undermining business investment and is putting jobs at risk,” the Paris based organization said.
“It would be a mistake to consider these changes as temporary factors that can be addressed with monetary or fiscal policy: they are structural,” said OECD Chief Economist Laurence Boone in the statement. “Without coordination for trade and global taxation, clear policy directions for the energy transition, uncertainty will continue to loom large and damage growth prospects.”
Earlier this week, Goldman Sachs released a series of charts showing the impact on GDP in both the US and America on the effects of the trade war – both sides had taken a hit, China more so. Maersk, the world’s largest shipping company, warned that the global trade slump is likely to stay in 2020, echoing the OECD.
The OECD also highlighted in its report that certain countries will struggle. Countries including the US, India, and Argentina saw GDP projections revised lower this year, while 2020 growth projections in Europe, Saudi Arabia and Indonesia dropped.
The OECD warned that “any further escalation of the trade conflict would disrupt supply networks and weigh on confidence, jobs, and incomes.”


Creating Crypts
Once you have successfully registered an account then creating new crypts is done with the new command.
Recommended Usage
A well crafted crypt consists of the data you wish to store, a vague description that helps define what the data is (e.g. the serial # of the disks which are LUKS encrypted) a customised check-in duration and miss count.
The description should be something that if seen standalone (e.g. someone stumbles upon your crypt) doesn't identify you or the contents but if/when you need to rely on RIPACrypts self-destruction mechanism you can point at something that links the crypt to the protected device.
The default check-in duration is 86400 seconds (1 day) and the default miss count is 3. This means that if you create a crypt without specifying -checkinduration or -misscount then you have 3 days to perform a check-in before the crypt automatically self destructs.
The RIPACrypt client will encrypt the data you provide with your public key before storing it. If you have already encrypted the data and don't want to do it again then you will want to use the -isencrypted=true argument.
If you want to connect via Tor then pass the -usetor=true argument and RIPACrypt will attempt to use the local SOCKS5 proxy on localhost:9050 / localhost:9051.
Store "MyFullDiskEncryptionPassphraseOrWhatever" with the default Deadline
echo "MyFullDiskEncryptionPassphraseOrWhatever" | rcrypt new -description="A short\ description to help with prove this crypt is yours"
Store the Contents of MyLongKeyPhrase.txt with a 6 hour Deadline
rcrypt new -data ~/MyLongKeyPhrase.txt -description="A short description to\ help with prove this crypt is yours" -checkinduration=3600 -misscount=6
You will need to generate and decrypt a challenge before you can use a CURL request to create a crypt but once generated and stored in the requisite environment variables creating a crypt is as simple as;
SECRET=`pwgen 1450 1 | gpg --encrypt --recipient<EMAIL_ADDRESS>| base64 -w0` curl -v -H "Accept: application/json" -X POST -d "{\"challenge\":\"$CHALLENGE\", \"challenge_id\":$CHALLENGEID,\"user_id\":$YOURUSERID, \"crypt_content\":\"$SECRET\"}" https://ripacrypt.download/1/crypt/new/
There are no 3rd party clients we are aware of. If this changes please let us know.


Announcing Alpha II
Today, I am announcing starbeam.one’s Alpha II. This is the second released alpha for our emerging platform and has a focus on our markets and quality. This particular alpha has been quite some time in the making, taking over four months since our Alpha I announcement.
One-Year Anniversary
One year ago today, after spending over two years in development solitude and surviving a pandemic, I announced the Alpha Preview to much fan fare and overwhelming market acclaim.
Just kidding. No one really said any thing and it seemed like they wanted me to go away. 😅
Then, to immediately add insult to injury, I started having many challenges and difficulties learning cloud infrastruture and getting all the pieces to work together in unison after the announcement. It was quite a challenging time and I persisted through all of it, determined to make this work one way or another.
And so here we are. One year later and we have some market traction, and have passed our first 1,000 Flares ($1,000) of sales volume (more on this below).
Everything we have done thus far has been bootstrapped and 100% organic, growing exclusively from word-of-mouth and personal network referrals. It has been incredibly challenging as one might imagine, but very much worth it. I feel the community we have is a special one, full of high-quality, understanding, and compassionate members. In fact, this is so much so that I am actually hesitant to spend any budget on adverstising, for fear of the element it may bring. 🤔👀
Let’s Explore Some Statz™
Statz™ is our technical term for statistics. Most of our activity and effort has been on Discord and Twitter to date. Facebook has not had a lot of traction, neither has Instagram or LinkedIn. It has been a challenge to get traction anywhere without any ad spend. Nonethless, we have found some way of doing so on Twitter/Discord.
Here is where we stand currently with all our our social networking:
Discord: 73 Members
Twitter: 243 Followers
Facebook: 39 Followers
Instagram: 10 Followers
LinkedIn: 34 Followers
And our own network here on starbeam.one (via our dashboard):
User Accounts: 114
Artists: 39
Collectors: 57
Sales: 1,970
Sales Volume: 1,104.91 Flares ($1,104.91)
What’s New?
OK, with that out of the way, what is the primary theme of Alpha II? Well, it’s our markets. We now have three distinctive primary markets along with our general resale markets.
Here are our primary markets for Alpha II:
(1 Flare = $1USD always)
Standard Market
Content: AI/Computer-generated
Focus: Basic image
Covers/Backgrounds allowed: No
Price point: 1-Flare ($1)
Minimum Price: .5 Flare
Maximum Price: 2 Flares
Maximum File Size: 25MB
Featured Market
Content: AI/Computer-generated
Focus: Products (Images / Videos / Books)
Covers/Backgrounds allowed: Yes
Price point: 5 Flares
Minimum Price: 2 Flares
Maximum Price: 25 Flares
Maximum File Size: 50MB
Traditonal Market
Content: Human hand-made, NOT AI/Computer-generated
Focus: Products (Images / Videos / Books / Text Files / Illustrated Text)
Covers/Backgrounds allowed: Yes (may be AI-generated)
Price point: 10 Flares
Minimum Price: 5 Flares
Maximum Price: 100 Flares
Maximum File Size: 50MB
Additionally, we have a lot of improvements around our site experience, namely our new product grid and the ability to quickly page through our catalog on our welcome page and in our markets. These are demonstrated in our latest standup below.
Finally, we have increased the deposit limits to 100 Flares ($100) and our withdrawal limits to $25. Withdrawals continue to be limited once per 24 hours and a minimum of $10.
What’s Next?
Going forward, I am going to make a concentrated effort to release alphas every two months (🤞), culminating in our first beta on August 1st, 2023. The beta should have us “feature complete” and working on quality toward our first RTM which should be a few months after this. I am going to wait until we get closer to Beta I to figure out when this might be.
Alpha III: April 4th, 2023
Alpha IV: June 6th, 2023
Beta I: August 1st, 2023
Stand-up & Shine (& Shill)
That is it for this announcement. For more detail and demonstration of our website, please see our latest Stand-up & Shine (& Shill) which was released yesterday:
Thank You
A quick thank you to everyone out there making starbeam.one a success, contributing with feedback, purchases, and more. Most of my time has been spent on Discord and Twitter, and I would love to see you there too if you wish to drop a note and/or provide feedback. Until next time, stay safe and stay bright out there. ✌✨🚀


--- start: 2016-09-14 15:00 edition: 6 participate: "https://goo.gl/forms/lW5rCKjNlilvknmG2" talk: "closed" about: "
In the rapidly changing digital world it's critical for organizations to not only develop products that solve foundational business problem but are also flexible enough to accommodate new features rapidly. As capabilities such as analytics, mobile first, internet of things
become mainstream, it's essential for solution owners to develop a vision for the product even before the first feature is live.
So what does a product mindset involve? Can it only be applied in a product company? Can product thinker's approach reduce incremental costs and improve the solutions delivered, even in a services
engagement?
Let's come together for the 6th edition of Converge to learn and share our experiences around product thinking, it's value and the potential pitfalls. We aim to uncover and understand practices
that can be emulated by Analysts and Consultants thereby nurturing a successful product.
As a PARTICIPANT, you will connect with like-minded peers and gain insight from industry practitioners.
If you have any questions/suggestions write to us at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>" agenda: - time: "03:00 pm" title: "Welcome and Registrations" - time: "03:15 pm" title: "Keynote Address" speaker: "Avinash Chugh" - time: "03:30 pm" title: "Product Management in the Context of Consulting" speaker: "Dinker Charak" subtitle: "What does it mean to be a Product Manager in a consulting company? What skills are needed? How will you make a difference to your firm and client?" - time: "04:30 pm" title: "Managing Product Innovation in Large Enterprises" speaker: "Arun Joshi" subtitle: "What are the various ways in which companies innovate and how has innovation evolved in IBM? What should be the key focus areas of managing innovation in large product companies?" - time: "05:00 pm" title: "Break" - time: "05:15 pm" title: "FishBowl: Transitioning to a Product Thinker" speaker: "Kshama Tikmani & Jagbir Singh Lehl" subtitle: "A group discussion with a 'difference'! Be ready to talk about & listen to the various aspects of Product thinking." - time: "06:00 pm" title: "Building a world-class product suite through market collaboration" speaker: "Nishith Agrawal" subtitle: "A great product team can deliver a successful product only if there is a strong partnership with the market. This talk will cover the key aspects of forging an effective collaboration with the market and leveraging on that alliance in the product development process." - time: "06:45 pm" title: "Workshop: Product In a Box" speaker: "Bijesh Vijayan & Ankur Arora" subtitle: "An interactive game-play enabling participants to consider competing criteria when designing a product." - time: "07:45 pm" title: "Networking Dinner" ---


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Overview
Yeah the topic appears great, football being the most popular game of the world and India, second in the world population charts. But, there has not been any of the magic that was expected from the land of a billion people .And, the irony lies in the fact that we have reached the moon but are yet to reach the main stage of a FIFA World Cup.
Football in India is like a minority without a reservation quota
Only an Indian football fan realizes the fact that it is quite difficult to have any conversation about football. In a class of 40, hardly 4-5 students will emerge who know about players other than Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo, and who can tell the difference between the Liga BBVA and the BPL.
I-league - A Mystery Yet To Be Solved
We can name the 11 players and 5 substitutes of any major Premier League team but we cannot tell apart one I-League club from the other. We don’t even know the total number of teams in the league let alone the names of the players. And we all have been through that phase in which we learn that watching Youtube videos is a better way to gain some skills as the coaching setup at the grass-root level depicts a dismal picture.
Steps which can bring about a change
The ISL which was started in 2014 brings about some hope for the youngsters of the country as now the talented lot get a chance to be groomed by some of the world’s best. New schemes are being implemented and training camps being held for the youngsters so that they cultivate interest towards the game. Hopefully, this will be the start of a period at the end of which India will emerge as a team capable of holding its own against the World’s best.


About S.E Hinton
---------------------------------------------------
when she was growing up, she was sort of a tomboy. Which means she was a girl who liked "boy" things.
She had also been writing stories after she learned how to read. She said she loved making up her own stories
When her friend got beaten up on the street, she wrote a story about her friend getting beaten up and it turned out as the bestselling book The Outsiders
Who would think that some random sixteen year old could write a bestselling book
Fun fact the book sold over 15 million copies
This is an image of The Outsiders
Back


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Shrine done by :
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©2001 RPGClassics.com. All materials is copyrighted by it's
respective author. All games mentioned in this site are copyrighted by their respective
producers and publishers. No infringement on any existing copyright is intended. All
rights reserved.
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import jax.numpy as np
import jax.numpy as np
import jax_cosmo as jc
# Defining a Cosmology
cosmo = jc.Planck15()
# Define a redshift distribution with smail_nz(a, b, z0)
nz = jc.redshift.smail_nz(1., 2., 1.)
# Build a lensing tracer with a single redshift bin
probe = probes.WeakLensing([nz])
# Compute angular Cls for some ell
ell = np.logspace(0.1,3)
cls = angular_cl(cosmo_jax, ell, [probe])
import jax
import jax.numpy as np
import jax_cosmo as jc
# .... define probes, and load a data vector
def gaussian_likelihood( theta ):
# Build the cosmology for given parameters
cosmo = jc.Planck15(Omega_c=theta[0], sigma8=theta[1])
# Compute mean and covariance
mu, cov = jc.angular_cl.gaussian_cl_covariance_and_mean(cosmo,
ell, probes)
# returns likelihood of data under model
return jc.likelihood.gaussian_likelihood(data, mu, cov)
# Fisher matrix in just one line:
F = - jax.hessian(gaussian_likelihood)(theta)
def log_posterior( theta ):
return gaussian_likelihood( theta ) + log_prior(theta)
score = jax.grad(log_posterior)(theta)
import tensorflow as tf
import flowpm
# Defines integration steps
stages = np.linspace(0.1, 1.0, 10, endpoint=True)
initial_conds = flowpm.linear_field(32, # size of the cube
100, # Physical size
ipklin, # Initial powerspectrum
batch_size=16)
# Sample particles and displace them by LPT
state = flowpm.lpt_init(initial_conds, a0=0.1)
# Evolve particles down to z=0
final_state = flowpm.nbody(state, stages, 32)
# Retrieve final density field
final_field = flowpm.cic_paint(tf.zeros_like(initial_conditions),
final_state[0])
$\to$ We can use this parametrisation to complement the physical ODE with neural networks.
$$F_\theta(\mathbf{x}, a) = \frac{3 \Omega_m}{2} \nabla \left[ \phi_{PM} (\mathbf{x}) \ast \mathcal{F}^{-1} (1 + \color{#996699}{f_\theta(a,|\mathbf{k}|)}) \right] $$


The T-84 is a light duty 3 speed transmission
with a casting number of T84 and a 15/16" 10 spline
input shaft. Output is 1 3/8" 6 spline.
Usage
The T-84 was only used in the Willys MB and Ford GPW of
WWII fame.
| Transmission | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | 5th | Rev |
| T-84 | 2.94 | 1.94 | 1.00 | | | N/A |


Morning session
Iadine Chades
Chadès, I., Carwardine, J., Martin, T.G., Nicol, S., Sabbadin, R. & Buffet, O. (2012) MOMDPs: a solution for modelling adaptive management problems. The Twenty-Sixth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-12), pp. 267-273. Toronto, Canada.
10.1098/rspb.2013.0325 Migratory connectivity magnifies the consequences of habitat loss from sea-level rise for shorebird populations
Jake LaRiviera
presents the challenges of the uncertainty table. Additional challenges in making an apples-to-apples comparison of the benefit of decreasing noise of different systems (e.g. in pricing information?)
Me
Some good questions following talk, primarily on BNP part.
- Where does the risk-adverse vs risk-prone behavior come from? Adjusting curvature of the uncertainty appropriately.
- Any lessons after stock collapsed, e.g. Rebuild a stock rather than mantain it? (Perhaps, but may face hysteresis in a way the intial collapse does not).
- Brute-force passive learning?
Afternoon discussion
- Is an active learning approach more or less valuable in a changing environment
- Embracing surprise: how do we actually mathematically do this.
- Limitations due to constraints on frequency of updating. (e.g. we don’t get to change harvest, we get to set a TAC once every ten years).
- Uncertainty affecting net present value vs affecting model behavior


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<% include _body.html %>


convlab.lib package¶
Submodules¶
convlab.lib.decorator module¶
convlab.lib.distribution module¶
-
class
convlab.lib.distribution.
Argmax
(probs=None, logits=None, validate_args=None)[source]¶ Bases:
torch.distributions.categorical.Categorical
Special distribution class for argmax sampling, where probability is always 1 for the argmax. NOTE although argmax is not a sampling distribution, this implementation is for API consistency.
-
class
convlab.lib.distribution.
GumbelCategorical
(probs=None, logits=None, validate_args=None)[source]¶ Bases:
torch.distributions.categorical.Categorical
Special Categorical using Gumbel distribution to simulate softmax categorical for discrete action. Similar to OpenAI’s https://github.com/openai/baselines/blob/98257ef8c9bd23a24a330731ae54ed086d9ce4a7/baselines/a2c/utils.py#L8-L10 Explanation http://amid.fish/assets/gumbel.html
-
class
convlab.lib.distribution.
MultiCategorical
(probs=None, logits=None, validate_args=None)[source]¶ Bases:
torch.distributions.categorical.Categorical
MultiCategorical as collection of Categoricals
-
entropy
()[source]¶ Returns entropy of distribution, batched over batch_shape.
Returns: Tensor of shape batch_shape.
-
enumerate_support
()[source]¶ Returns tensor containing all values supported by a discrete distribution. The result will enumerate over dimension 0, so the shape of the result will be (cardinality,) + batch_shape + event_shape (where event_shape = () for univariate distributions).
Note that this enumerates over all batched tensors in lock-step [[0, 0], [1, 1], …]. With expand=False, enumeration happens along dim 0, but with the remaining batch dimensions being singleton dimensions, [[0], [1], ...
To iterate over the full Cartesian product use itertools.product(m.enumerate_support()).
Parameters: expand (bool) – whether to expand the support over the batch dims to match the distribution’s batch_shape. Returns: Tensor iterating over dimension 0.
-
log_prob
(value)[source]¶ Returns the log of the probability density/mass function evaluated at value.
Parameters: value (Tensor) –
-
logits
¶
-
mean
¶ Returns the mean of the distribution.
-
param_shape
¶
-
probs
¶
-
sample
(sample_shape=torch.Size([]))[source]¶ Generates a sample_shape shaped sample or sample_shape shaped batch of samples if the distribution parameters are batched.
-
variance
¶ Returns the variance of the distribution.
-
convlab.lib.file_util module¶
convlab.lib.logger module¶
-
class
convlab.lib.logger.
FixedList
[source]¶ Bases:
list
fixed-list to restrict addition to root logger handler
convlab.lib.math_util module¶
-
convlab.lib.math_util.
calc_gaes
(rewards, dones, v_preds, gamma, lam)[source]¶ Calculate GAE from Schulman et al. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1506.02438.pdf v_preds are values predicted for current states, with one last element as the final next_state delta is defined as r + gamma * V(s’) - V(s) in eqn 10 GAE is defined in eqn 16 This method computes in torch tensor to prevent unnecessary moves between devices (e.g. GPU tensor to CPU numpy) NOTE any standardization is done outside of this method
-
convlab.lib.math_util.
calc_nstep_returns
(rewards, dones, next_v_pred, gamma, n)[source]¶ Calculate the n-step returns for advantage. Ref: http://www-anw.cs.umass.edu/~barto/courses/cs687/Chapter%207.pdf Also see Algorithm S3 from A3C paper https://arxiv.org/pdf/1602.01783.pdf for the calculation used below R^(n)_t = r_{t} + gamma r_{t+1} + … + gamma^(n-1) r_{t+n-1} + gamma^(n) V(s_{t+n})
-
convlab.lib.math_util.
calc_returns
(rewards, dones, gamma)[source]¶ Calculate the simple returns (full rollout) i.e. sum discounted rewards up till termination
-
convlab.lib.math_util.
linear_decay
(start_val, end_val, start_step, end_step, step)[source]¶ Simple linear decay with annealing
-
convlab.lib.math_util.
no_decay
(start_val, end_val, start_step, end_step, step)[source]¶ dummy method for API consistency
-
convlab.lib.math_util.
periodic_decay
(start_val, end_val, start_step, end_step, step, frequency=60.0)[source]¶ Linearly decaying sinusoid that decays in roughly 10 iterations until explore_anneal_epi Plot the equation below to see the pattern suppose sinusoidal decay, start_val = 1, end_val = 0.2, stop after 60 unscaled x steps then we get 0.2+0.5*(1-0.2)(1 + cos x)*(1-x/60)
-
convlab.lib.math_util.
rate_decay
(start_val, end_val, start_step, end_step, step, decay_rate=0.9, frequency=20.0)[source]¶ Compounding rate decay that anneals in 20 decay iterations until end_step
-
convlab.lib.math_util.
to_one_hot
(data, max_val)[source]¶ Convert an int list of data into one-hot vectors
-
convlab.lib.math_util.
venv_pack
(batch_tensor, num_envs)[source]¶ Apply the reverse of venv_unpack to pack a batch tensor from (b*num_envs, *shape) to (b, num_envs, *shape)
-
convlab.lib.math_util.
venv_unpack
(batch_tensor)[source]¶ Unpack a sampled vec env batch tensor e.g. for a state with original shape (4, ), vec env should return vec state with shape (num_envs, 4) to store in memory When sampled with batch_size b, we should get shape (b, num_envs, 4). But we need to unpack the num_envs dimension to get (b * num_envs, 4) for passing to a network. This method does that.
convlab.lib.optimizer module¶
-
class
convlab.lib.optimizer.
GlobalAdam
(params, lr=0.001, betas=(0.9, 0.999), eps=1e-08, weight_decay=0)[source]¶ Bases:
torch.optim.adam.Adam
Global Adam algorithm with shared states for Hogwild. Adapted from https://github.com/ikostrikov/pytorch-a3c/blob/master/my_optim.py (MIT)
-
class
convlab.lib.optimizer.
GlobalRMSprop
(params, lr=0.01, alpha=0.99, eps=1e-08, weight_decay=0)[source]¶ Bases:
torch.optim.rmsprop.RMSprop
Global RMSprop algorithm with shared states for Hogwild. Adapted from https://github.com/jingweiz/pytorch-rl/blob/master/optims/sharedRMSprop.py (MIT)
convlab.lib.util module¶
-
class
convlab.lib.util.
LabJsonEncoder
(*, skipkeys=False, ensure_ascii=True, check_circular=True, allow_nan=True, sort_keys=False, indent=None, separators=None, default=None)[source]¶ Bases:
json.encoder.JSONEncoder
-
default
(obj)[source]¶ Implement this method in a subclass such that it returns a serializable object for
o
, or calls the base implementation (to raise aTypeError
).For example, to support arbitrary iterators, you could implement default like this:
def default(self, o): try: iterable = iter(o) except TypeError: pass else: return list(iterable) # Let the base class default method raise the TypeError return JSONEncoder.default(self, o)
-
-
convlab.lib.util.
batch_get
(arr, idxs)[source]¶ Get multi-idxs from an array depending if it’s a python list or np.array
-
convlab.lib.util.
calc_srs_mean_std
(sr_list)[source]¶ Given a list of series, calculate their mean and std
-
convlab.lib.util.
calc_ts_diff
(ts2, ts1)[source]¶ Calculate the time from tss ts1 to ts2 @param {str} ts2 Later ts in the FILE_TS_FORMAT @param {str} ts1 Earlier ts in the FILE_TS_FORMAT @returns {str} delta_t in %H:%M:%S format @example
ts1 = ‘2017_10_17_084739’ ts2 = ‘2017_10_17_084740’ ts_diff = util.calc_ts_diff(ts2, ts1) # => ‘0:00:01’
-
convlab.lib.util.
clear_periodic_ckpt
(prepath)[source]¶ Clear periodic (with -epi) ckpt files in prepath
-
convlab.lib.util.
concat_batches
(batches)[source]¶ Concat batch objects from body.memory.sample() into one batch, when all bodies experience similar envs Also concat any nested epi sub-batches into flat batch {k: arr1} + {k: arr2} = {k: arr1 + arr2}
-
convlab.lib.util.
ctx_lab_mode
(lab_mode)[source]¶ Creates context to run method with a specific lab_mode @example with util.ctx_lab_mode(‘eval’):
foo()@util.ctx_lab_mode(‘eval’) def foo():
…
-
convlab.lib.util.
debug_image
(im)[source]¶ Renders an image for debugging; pauses process until key press Handles tensor/numpy and conventions among libraries
-
convlab.lib.util.
downcast_float32
(df)[source]¶ Downcast any float64 col to float32 to allow safer pandas comparison
-
convlab.lib.util.
epi_done
(done)[source]¶ General method to check if episode is done for both single and vectorized env Only return True for singleton done since vectorized env does not have a natural episode boundary
-
convlab.lib.util.
find_ckpt
(prepath)[source]¶ Find the ckpt-lorem-ipsum in a string and return lorem-ipsum
-
convlab.lib.util.
frame_mod
(frame, frequency, num_envs)[source]¶ Generic mod for (frame % frequency == 0) for when num_envs is 1 or more, since frame will increase multiple ticks for vector env, use the remainder
-
convlab.lib.util.
get_fn_list
(a_cls)[source]¶ Get the callable, non-private functions of a class @returns {[*str]} A list of strings of fn names
-
convlab.lib.util.
get_ts
(pattern='%Y_%m_%d_%H%M%S')[source]¶ Get current ts, defaults to format used for filename @param {str} pattern To format the ts @returns {str} ts @example
util.get_ts() # => ‘2017_10_17_084739’
-
convlab.lib.util.
monkey_patch
(base_cls, extend_cls)[source]¶ Monkey patch a base class with methods from extend_cls
-
convlab.lib.util.
mpl_debug_image
(im)[source]¶ Uses matplotlib to plot image with bigger size, axes, and false color on greyscaled images
-
convlab.lib.util.
parallelize
(fn, args, num_cpus=24)[source]¶ Parallelize a method fn, args and return results with order preserved per args. args should be a list of tuples. @returns {list} results Order preserved output from fn.
-
convlab.lib.util.
prepath_split
(prepath)[source]¶ Split prepath into useful names. Works with predir (prename will be None) prepath: output/dqn_pong_2018_12_02_082510/dqn_pong_t0_s0 predir: output/dqn_pong_2018_12_02_082510 prefolder: dqn_pong_2018_12_02_082510 prename: dqn_pong_t0_s0 spec_name: dqn_pong experiment_ts: 2018_12_02_082510 ckpt: ckpt-best of dqn_pong_t0_s0_ckpt-best if available
-
convlab.lib.util.
prepath_to_idxs
(prepath)[source]¶ Extract trial index and session index from prepath if available
-
convlab.lib.util.
prepath_to_spec
(prepath)[source]¶ Given a prepath, read the correct spec recover the meta_spec that will return the same prepath for eval lab modes example: output/a2c_cartpole_2018_06_13_220436/a2c_cartpole_t0_s0
-
convlab.lib.util.
preprocess_image
(im)[source]¶ Image preprocessing using OpenAI Baselines method: grayscale, resize This resize uses stretching instead of cropping
-
convlab.lib.util.
read
(data_path, **kwargs)[source]¶ Universal data reading method with smart data parsing - {.csv} to DataFrame - {.json} to dict, list - {.yml} to dict - {*} to str @param {str} data_path The data path to read from @returns {data} The read data in sensible format @example
data_df = util.read(‘test/fixture/lib/util/test_df.csv’) # => <DataFrame>
data_dict = util.read(‘test/fixture/lib/util/test_dict.json’) data_dict = util.read(‘test/fixture/lib/util/test_dict.yml’) # => <dict>
data_list = util.read(‘test/fixture/lib/util/test_list.json’) # => <list>
data_str = util.read(‘test/fixture/lib/util/test_str.txt’) # => <str>
-
convlab.lib.util.
run_cmd_wait
(proc)[source]¶ Wait on a running process created by util.run_cmd and print its stdout
-
convlab.lib.util.
set_attr
(obj, attr_dict, keys=None)[source]¶ Set attribute of an object from a dict
-
convlab.lib.util.
set_cuda_id
(spec)[source]¶ Use trial and session id to hash and modulo cuda device count for a cuda_id to maximize device usage. Sets the net_spec for the base Net class to pick up.
-
convlab.lib.util.
set_logger
(spec, logger, unit=None)[source]¶ Set the logger for a lab unit give its spec
-
convlab.lib.util.
set_random_seed
(spec)[source]¶ Generate and set random seed for relevant modules, and record it in spec.meta.random_seed
-
convlab.lib.util.
sizeof
(obj, divisor=1000000.0)[source]¶ Return the size of object, in MB by default
-
convlab.lib.util.
smart_path
(data_path, as_dir=False)[source]¶ Resolve data_path into abspath with fallback to join from ROOT_DIR @param {str} data_path The input data path to resolve @param {bool} as_dir Whether to return as dirname @returns {str} The normalized absolute data_path @example
util.smart_path(‘convlab/lib’) # => ‘/Users/ANON/Documents/convlab/convlab/lib’
util.smart_path(‘/tmp’) # => ‘/tmp’
-
convlab.lib.util.
split_minibatch
(batch, mb_size)[source]¶ Split a batch into minibatches of mb_size or smaller, without replacement
-
convlab.lib.util.
to_torch_batch
(batch, device, is_episodic)[source]¶ Mutate a batch (dict) to make its values from numpy into PyTorch tensor
-
convlab.lib.util.
write
(data, data_path)[source]¶ Universal data writing method with smart data parsing - {.csv} from DataFrame - {.json} from dict, list - {.yml} from dict - {*} from str(*) @param {*} data The data to write @param {str} data_path The data path to write to @returns {data_path} The data path written to @example
data_path = util.write(data_df, ‘test/fixture/lib/util/test_df.csv’)
data_path = util.write(data_dict, ‘test/fixture/lib/util/test_dict.json’) data_path = util.write(data_dict, ‘test/fixture/lib/util/test_dict.yml’)
data_path = util.write(data_list, ‘test/fixture/lib/util/test_list.json’)
data_path = util.write(data_str, ‘test/fixture/lib/util/test_str.txt’)
convlab.lib.viz module¶
-
convlab.lib.viz.
create_label
(y_col, x_col, title=None, y_title=None, x_title=None, legend_name=None)[source]¶ Create label dict for go.Layout with smart resolution
-
convlab.lib.viz.
create_layout
(title, y_title, x_title, x_type=None, width=500, height=500, layout_kwargs=None)[source]¶ simplified method to generate Layout
-
convlab.lib.viz.
plot_experiment
(experiment_spec, experiment_df, metrics_cols)[source]¶ Plot the metrics vs. specs parameters of an experiment, where each point is a trial. ref colors: https://plot.ly/python/heatmaps-contours-and-2dhistograms-tutorial/#plotlys-predefined-color-scales
-
convlab.lib.viz.
plot_mean_sr
(sr_list, time_sr, title, y_title, x_title)[source]¶ Plot a list of series using its mean, with error bar using std
-
convlab.lib.viz.
plot_session
(session_spec, session_metrics, session_df, df_mode='eval')[source]¶ Plot the session graphs: - mean_returns, strengths, sample_efficiencies, training_efficiencies, stabilities (with error bar) - additional plots from session_df: losses, exploration variable, entropy


| 427 | (A) | The Iewes assemblede ware sone and owt of þe Cete come |
| 429 | (C) | ¶ The Iewes gadered were sone . & of þe cyte comen |
| 429 | (D) | ¶ The iewis semblid were sone & out of þe cite comyn |
| 425 | (E) | The iewes semblyd were sone . & fro þe cyte comyn |
| (Ex) | ---- no text ---- | |
| 442 | (L) | ÞE Iewes assembled were sone & of þe cite come |
| 410 | (P) | þen assembled war sone & of þe Cite come |
| 423 | (U) | The iewes were sembled sone / and out of cite kome |
| (V) | ---- no text ---- |


Transport disruption as bus driver strike continues in German state of Hesse
by The LocalCommuters, school pupils and other passengers were hit with cancellations and delays on Wednesday as bus drivers went on strike for the second day in a row.
Drivers in around 25 cities in the central state of Hesse, including Frankfurt, Hanau, Fulda and Offenbach, have been taking part in the action, Verdi negotiator Jochen Koppel said. In Frankfurt, 56 of 64 bus lines were hit by cancellations on Tuesday when the action began.
On Wednesday it was a similar picture, reported German broadcaster Hessenschau.
The dispute between private bus companies in Hesse and Verdi is over pay and conditions. The Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund (RMV), which operates the region's public transport network, is not involved in the row. However, it is publishing updates on the strike and the lines affected.
On the RMV website, a statement said the strike would last an "indefinite period". The union Verdi has also not said when the strike will end.
In Fulda, school buses were also cancelled.
Verdi confirmed on Wednesday morning that buses were at a standstill in many locations, including Gießen and Darmstadt.
Meanwhile, in Frankfurt, passengers also had to deal with possible cancellations and delays on underground trains and trams due to staff meetings involving transport operator VGF.
There was also expected to be some disruption on the rail network.
READ ALSO: The long trading history that turned Frankfurt into a financial powerhouse
In Hanau, Hesse, an employee puts a sign up on a bus. Photo: DPA
A total of about 3,000 drivers are expected to join the strike over the course of the day. According to the union, about 3,100 drivers had downed their tools in the first day of action on Tuesday. "We had a very strong start," said a spokeswoman.
Wage increases
Verdi wants to see wage increases as well as more paid breaks and holidays for the 4,400 drivers of private bus companies in the region.
The union wants the basic salary to rise from €13.50 to €16.60 per hour.
However, the collective bargaining conflict seems to be deadlocked.
The regional association of bus and coach operators in Hesse (LHO) called on the union to return to the negotiating table. The LHO had offered to increase the basic wage to €15.60 per hour over the next four years. The fifth round of negotiations last Thursday was unsuccessful.
Managing director of the association, Volker Tuchan, said on Tuesday: "Our offer from Thursday is on the table."


 Today's teenagers need not worry about school or their prospective futures. All they apparently think about is sex, and nothing else. Dating is a thing of the past, just get down and dirty on the first date and worry about relationships later (there was the phenomenon of date rape, still a possibility but now it is mulled over in favor of getting down and dirty).
Breckin Meyer, who has played his share of stoners, is the sweet, clean-cut guy named Josh this time. Gasp! He now attends a university in Ithaca where he is failing a course that could get him in serious academic trouble. But a passing grade is the least of his worries - he is too wrapped in a long-distance relationship. His childhood sweetheart is attending the University of Austin and Josh misses her greatly. What is Josh going to do, and how can he prevent himself from meeting other sexy chicks, including the luscious Beth (Amy Smart)?
Needless to say, Josh and Beth end up between the sheets and record the event with a trusty camcorder (You know it is the 21st century when all private activities are recorded with a camcorder). Josh is no longer sullen and inhibited, though the taped event is now lost! Apparently, one of his buddies mailed the wrong tape to Josh's girlfriend (initially, Josh just recorded a taped message to her). Josh enlists the help of his buddies to go on a road trip to Austin to prevent Tiffany from receiving the tape. Josh's buddies include Kyle (DJ Qualls), a nerd who masturbates endlessly, Rubin (Paulo Costanzo), an intellectual pot-smoker and E.L. (Seann William Scott), the pseudo-cool guy who doesn't like the concept of learning. Together they endure one mishap after another, including car explosions, hot babes, blind women, irate pistol-packing fathers, an African-American fraternity, and more hot babes.
"Road Trip" starts with the time-honored tradition of the road picture though we barely get much of a glimpse of America - an 1,800 mile trip from Ithaca, New York to Austin, Texas must have some locations of interest.  What we merely get in "Road Trip" is a host of comic situations. At the sorority, Kyle gets his chance for a real romp in the hay with a sensual BBW. E.L. and Josh go to a sperm clinic where E.L. receives unlikely professional help.  Meanwhile, the buddy who decided to stay in Ithaca, Barry (Tom Green), an eight-year resident of the university, spends his time trying to get a mouse eaten by a snake. Considering Green's shenanigans of late, this whole subplot should come as no surprise.
"Road Trip" is fitfully funny and at times, surprisingly sweet-tempered. I like the idea that the film does not aim for the gross-out gags of "American Pie" or other teen flicks. Director Todd Phillips ("Hated: The G.G. Allin Story") decides to cut back from the gross level, playing it safer than usual. This results in numerous gags that often work, and some that are recycled from "Ferris Bueller's Day Off" (the car bit is an obvious lift). The blind woman scene works because she sees more than she lets on when confronted by E.L. The restaurant scene is a let-down but some gags and situational humor work in spite of themselves. I was surprised how much I laughed during the film, particularly at Tom Green who serves as the film's narrator (his university tour guide scenes are hilarious). The actors are all appealing and fun personalities to watch and the humor never sinks lower than a toilet bowl. But I must ask again as I did when I saw "American Pie" - do freshman college students have anything else on their minds besides sex? Apparently not.
Footnote: The video camcorder incident is in question over authenticity. There is a scene where Beth tapes an interview with Josh before getting hot and heavy with him while the camera records the whole event. The camcorder used is a digital Sony DV camera. In order to record anything, the camera must have a mini-DV tape in it, otherwise recording is impossible (as with all camcorders). It is clear that the DV camera is recording because the red light indicator is on. Therefore, a mini-DV tape must be in the camera. Later on, Josh reluctantly shows his buddies the taped event. Only the tape is now full-size, 1/2 inch VHS tape. This can only mean that Josh either simultaneously recorded the event on DV and VHS or dubbed the mini-DV tape to VHS. No actual scene shows this, and it is also clear that Beth set the recording on for the camcorder only (despite it being viewed on Josh's TV monitor). Since he shows his buddies the wrong tape, one can assume that the DV tape was mailed to Tiffany. Since a later scene shows Tiffany viewing a VHS tape, then it is clear the filmmakers are unaware of how DV cameras work, or Josh taped his interview on DV and then transferred it to VHS so Tiffany could view it on her TV. Either way, a transitional scene is missing. Oh, the details we video nuts must worry about.
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Published September 11, 2019
role=list with groups in it breaks Safari + VO being able to discover the list.
role=list with 2 groups in it with Chrome + VO exposes a list of 2 items. individual items are not announced as being x of y.
No issues with JAWS + Chrome/Firefox. Group only announced by JAWS if has author provided name, and user navigates with virtual cursor. Not announced if navigating by list items.
NVDA + Firefox announce list with 2 groups as a list with 2 items. All items are accessible when navigating by list items. Group name not announced when navigating by list item or virtual cursor.
NVDA + Chrome announce list with 2 groups as a list with 2 items. All items are accessible when navigating by list items. Accessible name of second group is sometimes announced. Not sure what causes it to be/not to be announced at times.


Click here to add new "random" widget to beginning of dashboard. This demonstrates the prependWidget function. See issue #141.


Sometimes feel so low-down and disgusted,
Can't help but wonder what's a-happening to my companions:
Are they lost or are they found? Have they counted the cost it'll take to bring down
All their earthly principles they're gonna have to abandon?
For there's a slow – there's a slow, slow train coming.
I had a woman down in Alabama,
She was a backwoods girl, but she sure was realistic,
She said, "Boy, without a doubt, gotta quit your mess and straighten out,
You could die down here, be another accident statistic."
For there's a slow––said there's a slow, slow train coming.

In the home of the brave, Jefferson in his grave,
Fools glorify themselves trying to manipulate Satan –
For there's a slow––said there's a slow, slow train coming.
All that foreign oil – American soil –
That don't apply no more
1 – all from parts of Paris.
[incomprehensible] in the grave
2 – in American future –
Look around you, it's just bound to make you embarrassed!
Oh, God, 'cause when – Amsterdam and Paris –
But there's a slow – yeah, there's a slow – there's a slow train coming.
Well, my baby went to Illinois with some boy she could destroy,
He was [incomprehensible], there was nothing I could do to stop it.
Oh, lose your inhibition [incomprehensible]
3 –
But it sure – my loved ones turning into puppets –
There's a slow – there's a slow, slow train coming,
There's a slow – there's a slow, slow train coming,
For there's a slow – there's a slow, slow train coming.
4
1
Dylan inserts part of a line here (although I'm not certain exactly what he says) that should have been in the preceding verse (the whole line: "They don't apply no more, you can't rely no more to be standing around waiting.") and the rest of the line is clearly based on the correct line ("Deciding America's future from Amsterdam into Paris"), yet it is altered in a way that makes it senseless. For a good discussion of this song, read Paul Williams's Bob Dylan: Performing Artist 1986 & Beyond, pg. 57.
2
Again, Dylan is obviously injecting part of an earlier verse into the line, accidentally. The relevant phrase: "Jefferson turning over in his grave".
3
Though part of what Dylan sings is incomprehensible, there is enough here to recognize it as part of another verse, which is most likely accidental. The relevant line: "They say, 'Lose your inhibition, follow your own ambition'".
4
This last verse is really just a mixture of the sixth and seventh verses of the album version and obviously it makes little sense grammatically. The lyrics are practically mumbled and there is little feeling in the lines. Some parts that were either incomprehensible or inaudible are simply indicated by a dash.