Algorithmi (web version) version 1
Online Fluxogram Editor and Executor
Developed by: André Lopes Santos
Oriented by: António Manso
(Developed in)


In my search to write better code, I've stumbled across a technique to write better methods. It's called The Composed Method Technique (from Eloquent Ruby).
The composed method technique basically has 3 rules.
Let's walk through what each of these rules mean.
Each method should focus on solving a single aspect of the problem. So if your method is solving two problems, then you should be creating a new method. For example, consider the following method that determines if one should transition from one relationship to another:
# other methods of figuring out relationship problems
This is such messy code (and a horrible algorithm to begin with...) The transition
method does so many things: it tries to see if there's still love between the two, it tries to see if the partner is life partner material, it tries to see if a side chick exists and if the partner knows about her, and if so, break up with the partner and seek out other potentials. All in all, this method is a mess. Again, each method should do a single thing.
Let's seperate each problem into a method and see what it looks like (still a horrible algorithm):
def love_still_exists? numeric_love_level(current_partner) < 7 ? false : true return true if life_partner_material?(current_partner) # other complicated relationship stuff below end
def break_up? side_chick.exists? && current_partner.knows_about_side_chick? ? true : false return true if self.cant_take_anymore_crap false # what a crappy algorithm to figure out if you should break up or not :/ end
def break_up! puts "Sorry, we can't be together anymore" current_partner = null end
def find_new_partner if side_chick.exists? side_chick.send_message("Wanna netflix and chill?") else tinder.find_partner end end
# other methods of figuring out relationship problems
Although I advise absolutely no one to try out this algorithm in real life, the code itself is much easier to read and understand. Splitting the methods into small little chunks result in better code.
This basically means not to mix high-level logic with the nitty-gritty details. For example, the transition
method holds high-level logic and branches out to other methods:
What we don't want is something like this:
It's much better organized if the conceptual level is constant as we saw in the above example.
This one is quite straightforward. In essense, what we don't want is something like this:
or this:
A method named eat_cheeseburger
is expected to eat a cheese burger, not say a cliche break up quote and set current_partner
to null
. Similarly, a method named draw_circle
is expected to draw a circle, not figure out complicated love matters.
In this situation, break_up!
or love_still_exists?
makes 500% more sense.
Applying the composed method technique allows you to write shorter and smaller methods instead of long ones. There are several merits to writing shorter methods in Ruby.
The first is that writing smaller details will help you get the details correct. It's the same idea to writing pseudocode - except you are defining a new method for each line of pseudocode.
The second is that it's easier to test with smaller methods. If a method contains a solution to more than one problem, you can't isolate a buggy solution; you can only test the entire method. If you have methods that are divided into seperate purposes, you can isolate them and test if they work. It's much easier to debug this way.
The last upside is that in Ruby, the composed method way of defining and building classes is super effective since the cost of defining a new method in Ruby is extremely low. You just need an additional def
and end
. In other languages, it can take a little bit more code and thus a little bit more costly. The cost performance of defining a new method in Ruby is high and there's really no reason not to define a new method.
Unless you are over doing the "short methods" thing. Your "short method" should actually do something and you shouldn't just define a short method because you can:
def say_cliche_break_up_line puts "Sorry, we can't be together anymore" end
def set_current_partner_to_null current_partner = null end # this is over doing it
I hope my poorly thoughout algorithm was able to explain the topic of writing better methods in Ruby. I apologize for my lack of relationship intelligence, if you have any suggestions please reach out to me as I would like to refactor my poorly constructed model of how one should transition between relationships.
Happy coding!


|
QuantLib: a free/open-source library for quantitative finance
Fully annotated sources - version 1.30
|
#include <ql/processes/hestonslvprocess.hpp>
Public Member Functions | |
| HestonSLVProcess (const ext::shared_ptr< HestonProcess > &hestonProcess, ext::shared_ptr< LocalVolTermStructure > leverageFct, Real mixingFactor=1.0) | |
| Size | size () const override |
| returns the number of dimensions of the stochastic process More... | |
| Size | factors () const override |
| returns the number of independent factors of the process More... | |
| void | update () override |
| Array | initialValues () const override |
| returns the initial values of the state variables More... | |
| Array | apply (const Array &x0, const Array &dx) const override |
| Array | drift (Time t, const Array &x) const override |
| returns the drift part of the equation, i.e., \( \mu(t, \mathrm{x}_t) \) More... | |
| Matrix | diffusion (Time t, const Array &x) const override |
| returns the diffusion part of the equation, i.e. \( \sigma(t, \mathrm{x}_t) \) More... | |
| Array | evolve (Time t0, const Array &x0, Time dt, const Array &dw) const override |
| Real | v0 () const |
| Real | rho () const |
| Real | kappa () const |
| Real | theta () const |
| Real | sigma () const |
| Real | mixingFactor () const |
| ext::shared_ptr< LocalVolTermStructure > | leverageFct () const |
| const Handle< Quote > & | s0 () const |
| const Handle< YieldTermStructure > & | dividendYield () const |
| const Handle< YieldTermStructure > & | riskFreeRate () const |
| Time | time (const Date &d) const override |
| Public Member Functions inherited from StochasticProcess | |
| ~StochasticProcess () override=default | |
| virtual Array | expectation (Time t0, const Array &x0, Time dt) const |
| virtual Matrix | stdDeviation (Time t0, const Array &x0, Time dt) const |
| virtual Matrix | covariance (Time t0, const Array &x0, Time dt) const |
| void | update () override |
| Public Member Functions inherited from Observer | |
| Observer ()=default | |
| Observer (const Observer &) | |
| Observer & | operator= (const Observer &) |
| virtual | ~Observer () |
| std::pair< iterator, bool > | registerWith (const ext::shared_ptr< Observable > &) |
| void | registerWithObservables (const ext::shared_ptr< Observer > &) |
| Size | unregisterWith (const ext::shared_ptr< Observable > &) |
| void | unregisterWithAll () |
| virtual void | update ()=0 |
| virtual void | deepUpdate () |
| Public Member Functions inherited from Observable | |
| Observable () | |
| Observable (const Observable &) | |
| Observable & | operator= (const Observable &) |
| virtual | ~Observable ()=default |
| void | notifyObservers () |
Private Member Functions | |
| void | setParameters () |
Private Attributes | |
| Real | kappa_ |
| Real | theta_ |
| Real | sigma_ |
| Real | rho_ |
| Real | v0_ |
| Real | mixingFactor_ |
| Real | mixedSigma_ |
| const ext::shared_ptr< HestonProcess > | hestonProcess_ |
| const ext::shared_ptr< LocalVolTermStructure > | leverageFct_ |
Additional Inherited Members | |
| Public Types inherited from Observer | |
| typedef set_type::iterator | iterator |
| Protected Member Functions inherited from StochasticProcess | |
| StochasticProcess ()=default | |
| StochasticProcess (ext::shared_ptr< discretization >) | |
| Protected Attributes inherited from StochasticProcess | |
| ext::shared_ptr< discretization > | discretization_ |
Definition at line 33 of file hestonslvprocess.hpp.
| HestonSLVProcess | ( | const ext::shared_ptr< HestonProcess > & | hestonProcess, |
| ext::shared_ptr< LocalVolTermStructure > | leverageFct, | ||
| Real | mixingFactor = 1.0 |
||
| ) |
|
overridevirtual |
returns the number of dimensions of the stochastic process
Implements StochasticProcess.
Definition at line 39 of file hestonslvprocess.hpp.
|
overridevirtual |
returns the number of independent factors of the process
Reimplemented from StochasticProcess.
Definition at line 40 of file hestonslvprocess.hpp.
|
overridevirtual |
This method must be implemented in derived classes. An instance of Observer does not call this method directly: instead, it will be called by the observables the instance registered with when they need to notify any changes.
Implements Observer.
Definition at line 41 of file hestonslvprocess.cpp.
|
overridevirtual |
returns the initial values of the state variables
Implements StochasticProcess.
Definition at line 44 of file hestonslvprocess.hpp.
applies a change to the asset value. By default, it returns \( \mathrm{x} + \Delta \mathrm{x} \).
Reimplemented from StochasticProcess.
Definition at line 47 of file hestonslvprocess.hpp.
returns the drift part of the equation, i.e., \( \mu(t, \mathrm{x}_t) \)
Implements StochasticProcess.
Definition at line 46 of file hestonslvprocess.cpp.
returns the diffusion part of the equation, i.e. \( \sigma(t, \mathrm{x}_t) \)
Implements StochasticProcess.
Definition at line 61 of file hestonslvprocess.cpp.
returns the asset value after a time interval \( \Delta t \) according to the given discretization. By default, it returns
\[ E(\mathrm{x}_0,t_0,\Delta t) + S(\mathrm{x}_0,t_0,\Delta t) \cdot \Delta \mathrm{w} \]
where \( E \) is the expectation and \( S \) the standard deviation.
Reimplemented from StochasticProcess.
Definition at line 76 of file hestonslvprocess.cpp.
| Real v0 | ( | ) | const |
Definition at line 55 of file hestonslvprocess.hpp.
| Real rho | ( | ) | const |
Definition at line 56 of file hestonslvprocess.hpp.
| Real kappa | ( | ) | const |
Definition at line 57 of file hestonslvprocess.hpp.
| Real theta | ( | ) | const |
Definition at line 58 of file hestonslvprocess.hpp.
| Real sigma | ( | ) | const |
Definition at line 59 of file hestonslvprocess.hpp.
| Real mixingFactor | ( | ) | const |
Definition at line 60 of file hestonslvprocess.hpp.
| ext::shared_ptr< LocalVolTermStructure > leverageFct | ( | ) | const |
Definition at line 61 of file hestonslvprocess.hpp.
Definition at line 65 of file hestonslvprocess.hpp.
| const Handle< YieldTermStructure > & dividendYield | ( | ) | const |
| const Handle< YieldTermStructure > & riskFreeRate | ( | ) | const |
returns the time value corresponding to the given date in the reference system of the stochastic process.
Reimplemented from StochasticProcess.
Definition at line 73 of file hestonslvprocess.hpp.
|
private |
|
private |
Definition at line 76 of file hestonslvprocess.hpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 76 of file hestonslvprocess.hpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 76 of file hestonslvprocess.hpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 76 of file hestonslvprocess.hpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 76 of file hestonslvprocess.hpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 76 of file hestonslvprocess.hpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 76 of file hestonslvprocess.hpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 78 of file hestonslvprocess.hpp.
|
private |
Definition at line 79 of file hestonslvprocess.hpp.


, v.
Coursework Deadline:
/* Please note: late assignments would NOT be accepted! */
You get zero for anything past the due date, unless you have an approved
Core part of
Can
John McCarthy, Marvin L. Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester, and Claude E. Shannon (1956)
3 stages:
Slides can be nested inside of each other.
Use the Space key to navigate through all slides.
Nested slides are useful for adding additional detail underneath a high level horizontal slide.
That's it, time to go back up.
Not a coder? Not a problem. There's a fully-featured visual editor for authoring these, try it out at https://slides.com.
This slide is visible in the source, but hidden when the presentation is viewed. You can show all hidden slides by setting the `showHiddenSlides` config option to `true`.
import React, { useState } from 'react';
function Example() {
const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
return (
...
);
}
Code syntax highlighting courtesy of highlight.js.
Press ESC to enter the slide overview.
Hold down the alt key (ctrl in Linux) and click on any element to zoom towards it using zoom.js. Click again to zoom back out.
(NOTE: Use ctrl + click in Linux.)
Automatically animate matching elements across slides with Auto-Animate.
Presentations look great on touch devices, like mobile phones and tablets. Simply swipe through your slides.
Add the r-fit-text
class to auto-size text
Hit the next arrow...
... to step through ...
... a fragmented slide.
There's different types of fragments, like:
grow
shrink
fade-out
fade-right, up, down, left
fade-in-then-out
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Highlight red blue green
You can select from different transitions, like:
None -
Fade -
Slide -
Convex -
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Zoom
reveal.js comes with a few themes built in:
Black
(default) -
White
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League
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Sky
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Beige
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Simple
Serif
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Blood
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Night
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Moon
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Set data-background="#dddddd"
on a slide to change the background color. All
CSS color formats are supported.

Different background transitions are available via the backgroundTransition option. This one's called "zoom".
Reveal.configure({ backgroundTransition: 'zoom' })
You can override background transitions per-slide.

Since reveal.js runs on the web, you can easily embed other web content. Try interacting with the page in the background.
| Item | Value | Quantity |
|---|---|---|
| Apples | $1 | 7 |
| Lemonade | $2 | 18 |
| Bread | $3 | 2 |
These guys come in two forms, inline: The
nice thing about standards is that there are so many to choose from
and block:
“For years there has been a theory that millions of monkeys typing at random on millions of typewriters would reproduce the entire works of Shakespeare. The Internet has proven this theory to be untrue.”
You can link between slides internally, like this.
There's a speaker view. It includes a timer, preview of the upcoming slide as well as your speaker notes.
Press the S key to try it out.
Presentations can be exported to PDF, here's an example:
Set data-state="something"
on a slide and "something"
will be added as a class to the document element when the slide is open.
Additionally custom events can be triggered on a per slide basis by binding to the
data-state
name.
Reveal.on( 'customevent', function() {
console.log( '"customevent" has fired' );
} );
Press B or . on your keyboard to pause the presentation. This is helpful when you're on stage and want to take distracting slides off the screen.
\[\begin{aligned} \dot{x} & = \sigma(y-x) \\ \dot{y} & = \rho x - y - xz \\ \dot{z} & = -\beta z + xy \end{aligned} \]


Updated expiration settings only apply to data collected from this point forward. Existing data is still
tagged with the expiration settings in effect at the time the data was captured since using
Cassandra TTL
to implement expiration.
Cassandra TWCS window sizes are calculated using the TTL for the table divided by 24, so that the
table will have approximately 24 windows.
H2 data file size: {{h2DataFileSize | gtBytes}}
Table name
Total bytes
Row count
{{analyzedH2Table.name}}
{{analyzedH2Table.bytes | number}}
{{analyzedH2Table.rows | number}}
By transaction type
Transaction type
Traces captured
Traces captured because they were flagged as errors
{{analyzedTraceOverallCount.transactionType}}
{{analyzedTraceOverallCount.count | number}}
{{analyzedTraceOverallCount.errorCount | number}}
By transaction name
Transaction type
Transaction name
Traces captured
Traces captured because they were flagged as errors


Shows a visual representation of the b-tree that CodeMirror uses to store its document. See the corresponding blog post for a description of this format. The gray blocks under each leaf show the lines it holds (with their width representing the line height). Add and remove content to see how the nodes are split and merged to keep the tree balanced.
type here, see a summary of the document b-tree to the right
Add a lot of content


username
nospyrin
When you play the game of thrones, you win or you die. There is no middle ground.
nospyrin
It's hard to put a leash on a dog once you've put a crown on its head.


Thank you mom for everything you have done for me. You have helped me become who I am today. You have taught me many things that are important to everyday life and to always do my best. I hope yo will teach me more in the future. I love you mom.


Project
News Connect
While working with Pureprofile, we partnered with News Corp Australia to deliver a new way for readers to gain access to pay-walled content in exchange for providing their feedback and opinions.
Problem
With only a small percentage of their readership paying for content subscriptions, News Corp (NC) were looking for a way to tap in to the rest of their readers who frequently hit the pay wall when reading articles on their masthead news sites. Pureprofile presented their core platform which allows users to be rewarded for providing their opinions via activities such as short targeted surveys, videos, polls and other media.
NC saw the value in this data and the potential to gain insights into their readers while also growing their customer base. This would also provide an engaging way for readers to get access to the content they are interested in without having to pay using the traditional subscription model.
Audience
The readers were identified by the news masthead/site they predominately visit. News Corp Australia wanted to target readers across their main metropolitan news papers including: The Daily Telegraph (New South Wales), The Herald Sun (Victoria), The Courier Mail (Queensland) and The Advertiser (South Australia). These readers were further segmented across an even demographic makeup reflective of the ABS statistics.
As this was a new implementation, NC opted to trial it to a small pilot group of approximately 150,000 readers across all of the mastheads. Users would be identified by a combination of their cookie id, browsing history and their subscription status (no paid subscriptions).
Constraints
News Corp’s project timeline was reasonably tight and we had 3 months to deliver the first version. This required the design phase to be accelerated and a lean approach to UX and visual design was applied in order to achieve this.
We also had to work with and accommodate the integration with NC’s existing user authentication and publishing systems. This was more a technical constraint but would have some effect on the end user experience.
Product scope
The product scope for this project involved two main pieces; An embed account widget that would have dedicated placement on each newspapers website, visible to those with a valid cookie. The second piece was a responsive site that had a feed of activities for users to complete, subscription renewal and account management functionality.
My role/The team
I was involved in the initial specification and requirements gathering, working with our CEO, and project managers. My first deliverables were to help flush out the end user requirements and any pain points that might occur with the integration into NC’s systems. This provided the dev team with the goals and end user needs up front so they could factor this into their own planning.
The team for this project included myself, handling all UX requirements, a Senior Visual designer, project managers, and a development team of around 4 engineers that scaled up or down depending on the expertise required.
Design Process
Requirements definition and planning
I produced a series of user flow diagrams to get a better understanding where any pain points might occur for users as multiple systems interact with each other. By mapping this out we found that there were multiple user scenarios for sign up/login and that the flows were not as straight forward as first thought. Identifying this early on was a huge win and was presented to the dev team during sprint planning and we were able to discuss the best approach together, ensuring all bases were covered.
Protoyping and testing
Once the initial specifications were established and user flows were approved i moved to wire framing the application along with low fi mockups and an Invision prototype to help communicate the concept to the visual design team. The prototypes were extremely useful in getting all the different stakeholders on one page and being able to test different UI layouts and interactions. We made at several iterations to flow and UI that would not have been discovered had we not tested the prototype and mapped out each user flow.
Desktop wireframes for the News Connect site. Clockwise from top left: Activities home, Subscription renewal, Micro survey example and Reward screen.
Embed widget wireframe detailing subscription renewal without leaving the news article page
Bringing it together
After the wireframes and low fidelity prototype were signed off, our visual designer built on top of the wires and created a UI theme in line with NewsCorp’s brand guidelines. A high fidelity prototype was produced in invision to present to the News Corp team.
Design iterations based on client feedback were made until the final screens were signed off for release. I continued to work closely on the visual designers, and copywriters to achieve consistency in messaging and ensure that the core UI patterns were maintained.
My role also included user acceptance testing of the dev environment and providing feedback to the engineers. At times i would create some extra definition or diagraming around issues. I found that spending 30mins creating a quick mockup or flow diagram would be super useful in eliminating any confusion and helping the wider steam have more focused conversations on the specific issue at hand.
Wrap up
News Connect launched in May 2015 and saw active logins rise week on week. To date, the service has acquired more than 20,000 active users and this is continuing to grow at a fast rate. News Connect users have provided over 2.2 Million answers to questions asked in micro surveys and polls both from their Mobile devices and desktop computers. This has confirmed the assumption that people will provide their personal opinions in return for free content access with over 42,000 online subscriptions redeemed so far.
*Due to the confidentiality, some information and numbers quoted in this case study have been approximated and summarised for the purposes of illustrating this project.


Exponents Are very simple but turning the into log form was different.
Learning how to turn exponents into log form only took a few tries now i'm in the hang of it.
Now that I have accuered this information I can help teach others


This application demonstrates making GET requests to the Tabix service, which could be used with d3.js or other applications to retrieve subsets of BED-formatted genomic data stored in Tabix-indexed archives.


France our neighbor is a country where you can do many activities, at day and at night, even the sun is not very frecuent at north.
There, as in Spain, food is one of the pillars of society, even more so than in Spain, since there it is much more associated with family life.
Restaurants are much in demand against bars or pubs that are frequented much less. These last ones from a certain age not go there.
Normally there isn´t bar or pub in towns with less of 10k population.
If they want to take something they take it at home or at the house of friends or neighbors but there is no culture to mingle with people in the villages of France.
It may be that in some large towns with more than 3,000 inhabitants there are bars but it work as a restaurant during the week and at weekend at night it could be a pub.
Another of the coincident points with Spain is the sport. France is one of the best sport countries in the world, with numerous trophies in all sports and modalities, both winter as summer.
Leaders in the medal and creators of numerous sports, host of international competitions.
The most important the Grand Slam tennis, Rolland Garros where our Nadal is the undisputed leader and the Tour de France, the competition reigns supreme in cycling where Spain has achieved many trophies, with Indurain and Contador at the top.
There as in Spain soccer is the competition par excellence, although rugby is also very popular. Each city and town has a soccer field and a sports center, as in Spain.
Although our country has had very good facilities in the last two decades with a good list of sport people , hence their performance where they stand out also in team sports such as handball and volleybal, both men and women.
In the area of the night they are more like the countries of the north, at 7 pm they usually have dinner and at 10 at night on a normal day they are already in bed.
News usually start 2 hours earlier than here, usually starts at 1 pm. In this order of life, the places for dinner or have fun open most of them after 8 pm, although for the French from 7 is already night.
Just as in Spain you drink alcohol at night: Prices are usually very high in drinks of high graduation since they are heavily taxed.
A bottle that cost about 10 euros in the supermarket usually costs 20 or 25 euros and the bottle in a nightclub or bar goes from 60 euros to 125 euros and there are people who pay for it.
Then they have prices that can triple the price here, however the net income discounting their taxes do not reach twice as much here.
Although a cup costs from 7 euros up to 20 euros in selected discos the French people are more than wines and beers as here in Spain, being the wine at dinner the star drink.
France has a reputation for good wine as in Spain, although I prefer our country.
The quality of the French grape is better than the Spanish but the climate is not the best, so its grapes tend to be larger and the flavour less concentrate.
And the wine does not reach the flavor we have here, especially in the northern part of the peninsula. But for what is in Europe in general is one of the best wines.
Together with Spain and Italy are one of the countries that exports more wine from the world. Although Spain still has to gain a lot of ground since our wine does not come as much from our borders as theirs.
Then, except for the issue of leaving, they get more out of the house because they tend to have a more home-based mentality, except cosmopolitan cities like Lyon and Paris where people come out more.
We have a way of living quite similar, and I would say that France is like the nexus between the mentality of the north and the south, where the two mentalities coexist.
Being more similar to us in the southern part would be considered very capital and there is everything like in any Spanish city with the benefit that the temperature is softer than here.
In my opinion better weather than here.
In addition another strong point of France is the art and the sciences, where they emphasize in fields as diverse as the engineering and the art or the education.
It is noteworthy the cinemas there that has numerous grants state for those under 25 and in some cases for the unemployed.
I remember entering the cinema for 4.5 euros when here was the session at 7 to 10 euros. Prices in adults are similar to those here.
I remember Gaumont Pathe cinenma of Toulouse, where the quality of the installation was high and the cinema was full every day.
In addition cinemas have numerous loyalty discounts as a free entry every 5 times that you go and also you can see the movies in original version for the same price.
This really is a good measure, since the films in the original version say much more of the film than when translated, and it foments the learning of English.
But if you go to a cinema in France keep in mind that the films start at half an hour from the scheduled start because they have a huge advertising that makes the tickets are so cheap.
Toulouse was the city chosen by me to go to find work and improve my French level, not only because of the good atmosphere that the city has but also because of family ties.
But regardless of that, and from the short distance to Spain, Toulouse enjoys a very good climate and is a university city with a very high youth rate.
In addition the prices are cheaper than in the north of France.
In addition to having a good public transportation system to move you both day and night, as it has owl buses for the city, the train network works very well and parking in the city is not lacking.
There are many rents and flats to share, although once you have started September and the students' class season it is more difficult to get a flat to share and prices go up.
Toulouse is a city that grows in population during the course being able to reach 1 million and a half of inhabitants of residents since it counts on numerous students and additional in the area.
In the surrounding villages they usually dominate houses and chalets and large urbanizations.
Most Frenchmen like the quiet and get away from the noise and the traffic.
The French cuisine is quite good, as the Spanish having variety of dishes and quite a few of the Mediterranean diet.
The most popular dish in Toulouse is the cassoulet which is similar to the "Asturian Fabada" from here alone that instead of black pudding or tallow is usually thrown the typical sausage there.
There is usually done on weekends and also eat pretty duck that here is not eaten just since we associate it more with a company animal or the animal which enjoy the view in the ponds or parks of Spain.
Duck meat is much stronger than chicken, something between rabbit and chicken. Here we eat a lot of rabbit and thereI rarely saw it, although it hunts as much as in Spain.
Milk is pretty good and the cheeses too. In fact there represent one more dish in the food that usually corresponds with the first one, in which cheeses and pates are eaten.
The pate of there is usually of duck or pig, since the famous pate of goose is too expensive to eat daily.
The vegetables are quite good and the fruits also since it rains a lot and also it is sunny, being very indicated the climate for a great variety of species.
Tomatoes for example are quite good and have many varieties.
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Address
Ut interdum tristique est com modo pharetra
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and over
If you have questions about your order or need any general information our customer service team will be happy to assist you.
Ut interdum tristique est com modo pharetra
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and over
If you have questions about your order or need any general information our customer service team will be happy to assist you.


In the model.py
you should change the dafault
brand_name
of the Config
model to Phone Book
brand_name = ndb.StringProperty(default='Phone Book')
You might not see the changes right away, if you refresh your browser,
but if you want to see it
stop the web server and run it using the -c
argument to reset the
datastore.
$ dev_appserver.py . -c
We are building a phone book so all we need is the contact list. In the end of
the model.py
file add the following:
class Contact(Base): user_key = ndb.KeyProperty(kind=User, required=True) name = ndb.StringProperty(required=True) email = ndb.StringProperty(default='') phone = ndb.StringProperty(default='') address = ndb.StringProperty(default='')
The user_key
property will store the User
's key to
make the contact list different for every user. The rest of the properties are
self explanatory.


Modules | |
| Pipe Data Reading and Writing | |
| Pipe Packet Management | |
| Pipe Control Request Management | |
Defines | |
| #define | PIPE_CONTROLPIPE 0 |
| #define | PIPE_CONTROLPIPE_DEFAULT_SIZE 64 |
| #define | PIPE_PIPENUM_MASK 0x07 |
| #define | PIPE_TOTAL_PIPES 7 |
| #define | PIPE_MAX_SIZE 256 |
| #define | PIPE_EPNUM_MASK 0x0F |
| #define | PIPE_EPDIR_MASK 0x80 |
Functions | |
| static uint8_t | Pipe_GetCurrentPipe (void) ATTR_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT ATTR_ALWAYS_INLINE |
| static void | Pipe_SelectPipe (const uint8_t PipeNumber) ATTR_ALWAYS_INLINE |
| static void | Pipe_ResetPipe (const uint8_t PipeNumber) ATTR_ALWAYS_INLINE |
| static void | Pipe_EnablePipe (void) ATTR_ALWAYS_INLINE |
| static void | Pipe_DisablePipe (void) ATTR_ALWAYS_INLINE |
| static bool | Pipe_IsEnabled (void) ATTR_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT ATTR_ALWAYS_INLINE |
| static uint8_t | Pipe_GetPipeToken (void) ATTR_ALWAYS_INLINE |
| static void | Pipe_SetPipeToken (const uint8_t Token) ATTR_ALWAYS_INLINE |
| static void | Pipe_SetInfiniteINRequests (void) ATTR_ALWAYS_INLINE |
| static void | Pipe_SetFiniteINRequests (const uint8_t TotalINRequests) ATTR_ALWAYS_INLINE |
| static bool | Pipe_IsConfigured (void) ATTR_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT ATTR_ALWAYS_INLINE |
| static uint8_t | Pipe_BoundEndpointNumber (void) ATTR_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT ATTR_ALWAYS_INLINE |
| static void | Pipe_SetInterruptPeriod (const uint8_t Milliseconds) ATTR_ALWAYS_INLINE |
| static uint8_t | Pipe_GetPipeInterrupts (void) ATTR_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT ATTR_ALWAYS_INLINE |
| static bool | Pipe_HasPipeInterrupted (const uint8_t PipeNumber) ATTR_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT ATTR_ALWAYS_INLINE |
| static void | Pipe_Unfreeze (void) ATTR_ALWAYS_INLINE |
| static void | Pipe_Freeze (void) ATTR_ALWAYS_INLINE |
| static bool | Pipe_IsFrozen (void) ATTR_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT ATTR_ALWAYS_INLINE |
| static void | Pipe_ClearError (void) ATTR_ALWAYS_INLINE |
| static bool | Pipe_IsError (void) ATTR_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT ATTR_ALWAYS_INLINE |
| static void | Pipe_ClearErrorFlags (void) ATTR_ALWAYS_INLINE |
| static uint8_t | Pipe_GetErrorFlags (void) ATTR_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT ATTR_ALWAYS_INLINE |
| bool | Pipe_ConfigurePipe (const uint8_t Number, const uint8_t Type, const uint8_t Token, const uint8_t EndpointNumber, const uint16_t Size, const uint8_t Banks) |
| bool | Pipe_IsEndpointBound (const uint8_t EndpointAddress) |
Variables | |
| uint8_t | USB_ControlPipeSize |
Pipe Error Flag Masks | |
| #define | PIPE_ERRORFLAG_OVERFLOW (1 << 6) |
| #define | PIPE_ERRORFLAG_UNDERFLOW (1 << 5) |
| #define | PIPE_ERRORFLAG_CRC16 (1 << 4) |
| #define | PIPE_ERRORFLAG_TIMEOUT (1 << 3) |
| #define | PIPE_ERRORFLAG_PID (1 << 2) |
| #define | PIPE_ERRORFLAG_DATAPID (1 << 1) |
| #define | PIPE_ERRORFLAG_DATATGL (1 << 0) |
Pipe Token Masks | |
| #define | PIPE_TOKEN_SETUP (0 << PTOKEN0) |
| #define | PIPE_TOKEN_IN (1 << PTOKEN0) |
| #define | PIPE_TOKEN_OUT (2 << PTOKEN0) |
Pipe Bank Mode Masks | |
| #define | PIPE_BANK_SINGLE (0 << EPBK0) |
| #define | PIPE_BANK_DOUBLE (1 << EPBK0) |
This module contains functions, macros and enums related to pipe management when in USB Host mode. This module contains the pipe management macros, as well as pipe interrupt and data send/receive functions for various data types.
| #define PIPE_BANK_DOUBLE (1 << EPBK0) |
Mask for the bank mode selection for the Pipe_ConfigurePipe() macro. This indicates that the pipe should have two banks, which requires more USB FIFO memory but results in faster transfers as one USB device (the AVR or the attached device) can access one bank while the other accesses the second bank.
| #define PIPE_BANK_SINGLE (0 << EPBK0) |
Mask for the bank mode selection for the Pipe_ConfigurePipe() macro. This indicates that the pipe should have one single bank, which requires less USB FIFO memory but results in slower transfers as only one USB device (the AVR or the attached device) can access the pipe's bank at the one time.
| #define PIPE_CONTROLPIPE 0 |
Pipe address for the default control pipe, which always resides in address 0. This is defined for convenience to give more readable code when used with the pipe macros.
| #define PIPE_CONTROLPIPE_DEFAULT_SIZE 64 |
Default size of the default control pipe's bank, until altered by the Endpoint0Size value in the device descriptor of the attached device.
| #define PIPE_EPDIR_MASK 0x80 |
Endpoint direction mask, for masking against endpoint addresses to retrieve the endpoint's direction for comparing with the ENDPOINT_DESCRIPTOR_DIR_* masks.
| #define PIPE_EPNUM_MASK 0x0F |
Endpoint number mask, for masking against endpoint addresses to retrieve the endpoint's numerical address in the attached device.
| #define PIPE_ERRORFLAG_CRC16 (1 << 4) |
Mask for Pipe_GetErrorFlags(), indicating that a CRC error occurred in the pipe on the received data.
| #define PIPE_ERRORFLAG_DATAPID (1 << 1) |
Mask for Pipe_GetErrorFlags(), indicating that a hardware data PID error occurred in the pipe.
| #define PIPE_ERRORFLAG_DATATGL (1 << 0) |
Mask for Pipe_GetErrorFlags(), indicating that a hardware data toggle error occurred in the pipe.
| #define PIPE_ERRORFLAG_OVERFLOW (1 << 6) |
Mask for Pipe_GetErrorFlags(), indicating that an overflow error occurred in the pipe on the received data.
| #define PIPE_ERRORFLAG_PID (1 << 2) |
Mask for Pipe_GetErrorFlags(), indicating that a hardware PID error occurred in the pipe.
| #define PIPE_ERRORFLAG_TIMEOUT (1 << 3) |
Mask for Pipe_GetErrorFlags(), indicating that a hardware timeout error occurred in the pipe.
| #define PIPE_ERRORFLAG_UNDERFLOW (1 << 5) |
Mask for Pipe_GetErrorFlags(), indicating that an underflow error occurred in the pipe on the received data.
| #define PIPE_MAX_SIZE 256 |
Size in bytes of the largest pipe bank size possible in the device. Not all banks on each AVR model supports the largest bank size possible on the device; different pipe numbers support different maximum bank sizes. This value reflects the largest possible bank of any pipe on the currently selected USB AVR model.
| #define PIPE_PIPENUM_MASK 0x07 |
Pipe number mask, for masking against pipe addresses to retrieve the pipe's numerical address in the device.
| #define PIPE_TOKEN_IN (1 << PTOKEN0) |
Token mask for Pipe_ConfigurePipe(). This sets the pipe as a IN token (for non-CONTROL type pipes), indicating that the pipe data will flow from device to host.
| #define PIPE_TOKEN_OUT (2 << PTOKEN0) |
Token mask for Pipe_ConfigurePipe(). This sets the pipe as a OUT token (for non-CONTROL type pipes), indicating that the pipe data will flow from host to device.
| #define PIPE_TOKEN_SETUP (0 << PTOKEN0) |
Token mask for Pipe_ConfigurePipe(). This sets the pipe as a SETUP token (for CONTROL type pipes), which will trigger a control request on the attached device when data is written to the pipe.
| #define PIPE_TOTAL_PIPES 7 |
Total number of pipes (including the default control pipe at address 0) which may be used in the device. Different USB AVR models support different amounts of pipes, this value reflects the maximum number of pipes for the currently selected AVR model.
| static uint8_t Pipe_BoundEndpointNumber | ( | void | ) | [inline, static] |
Retrieves the endpoint number of the endpoint within the attached device that the currently selected pipe is bound to.
| static void Pipe_ClearError | ( | void | ) | [inline, static] |
Clears the master pipe error flag.
| static void Pipe_ClearErrorFlags | ( | void | ) | [inline, static] |
Clears all the currently selected pipe's hardware error flags, but does not clear the master error flag for the pipe.
| bool Pipe_ConfigurePipe | ( | const uint8_t | Number, |
| const uint8_t | Type, | ||
| const uint8_t | Token, | ||
| const uint8_t | EndpointNumber, | ||
| const uint16_t | Size, | ||
| const uint8_t | Banks | ||
| ) |
Configures the specified pipe number with the given pipe type, token, target endpoint number in the attached device, bank size and banking mode.
A newly configured pipe is frozen by default, and must be unfrozen before use via the Pipe_Unfreeze() before being used. Pipes should be kept frozen unless waiting for data from a device while in IN mode, or sending data to the device in OUT mode. IN type pipes are also automatically configured to accept infinite numbers of IN requests without automatic freezing - this can be overridden by a call to Pipe_SetFiniteINRequests().
| [in] | Number | Pipe number to configure. This must be more than 0 and less than PIPE_TOTAL_PIPES. |
| [in] | Type | Type of pipe to configure, a EP_TYPE_* mask. Not all pipe types are available on Low Speed USB devices - refer to the USB 2.0 specification. |
| [in] | Token | Pipe data token, either PIPE_TOKEN_SETUP, PIPE_TOKEN_OUT or PIPE_TOKEN_IN. All pipes (except Control type) are unidirectional - data may only be read from or written to the pipe bank based on its direction, not both. |
| [in] | EndpointNumber | Endpoint index within the attached device that the pipe should interface to. |
| [in] | Size | Size of the pipe's bank, where packets are stored before they are transmitted to the USB device, or after they have been received from the USB device (depending on the pipe's data direction). The bank size must indicate the maximum packet size that the pipe can handle. |
| [in] | Banks | Number of banks to use for the pipe being configured, a PIPE_BANK_* mask. More banks uses more USB DPRAM, but offers better performance. Isochronous type pipes must have at least two banks. |
| static void Pipe_DisablePipe | ( | void | ) | [inline, static] |
Disables the currently selected pipe so that data cannot be sent and received through it to and from an attached device.
| static void Pipe_EnablePipe | ( | void | ) | [inline, static] |
Enables the currently selected pipe so that data can be sent and received through it to and from an attached device.
| static void Pipe_Freeze | ( | void | ) | [inline, static] |
Freezes the selected pipe, preventing it from communicating with an attached device.
| static uint8_t Pipe_GetCurrentPipe | ( | void | ) | [inline, static] |
Returns the pipe address of the currently selected pipe. This is typically used to save the currently selected pipe number so that it can be restored after another pipe has been manipulated.
| static uint8_t Pipe_GetErrorFlags | ( | void | ) | [inline, static] |
Gets a mask of the hardware error flags which have occurred on the currently selected pipe. This value can then be masked against the PIPE_ERRORFLAG_* masks to determine what error has occurred.
| static uint8_t Pipe_GetPipeInterrupts | ( | void | ) | [inline, static] |
Returns a mask indicating which pipe's interrupt periods have elapsed, indicating that the pipe should be serviced.
| static uint8_t Pipe_GetPipeToken | ( | void | ) | [inline, static] |
Gets the current pipe token, indicating the pipe's data direction and type.
| static bool Pipe_HasPipeInterrupted | ( | const uint8_t | PipeNumber ) | [inline, static] |
Determines if the specified pipe number has interrupted (valid only for INTERRUPT type pipes).
| [in] | PipeNumber | Index of the pipe whose interrupt flag should be tested. |
| static bool Pipe_IsConfigured | ( | void | ) | [inline, static] |
Determines if the currently selected pipe is configured.
| static bool Pipe_IsEnabled | ( | void | ) | [inline, static] |
Determines if the currently selected pipe is enabled, but not necessarily configured.
| bool Pipe_IsEndpointBound | ( | const uint8_t | EndpointAddress ) |
Determines if a pipe has been bound to the given device endpoint address. If a pipe which is bound to the given endpoint is found, it is automatically selected.
| [in] | EndpointAddress | Address and direction mask of the endpoint within the attached device to check. |
| static bool Pipe_IsError | ( | void | ) | [inline, static] |
Determines if the master pipe error flag is set for the currently selected pipe, indicating that some sort of hardware error has occurred on the pipe.
| static bool Pipe_IsFrozen | ( | void | ) | [inline, static] |
Determines if the currently selected pipe is frozen, and not able to accept data.
| static void Pipe_ResetPipe | ( | const uint8_t | PipeNumber ) | [inline, static] |
Resets the desired pipe, including the pipe banks and flags.
| [in] | PipeNumber | Index of the pipe to reset. |
| static void Pipe_SelectPipe | ( | const uint8_t | PipeNumber ) | [inline, static] |
Selects the given pipe number. Any pipe operations which do not require the pipe number to be indicated will operate on the currently selected pipe.
| [in] | PipeNumber | Index of the pipe to select. |
| static void Pipe_SetFiniteINRequests | ( | const uint8_t | TotalINRequests ) | [inline, static] |
Configures the currently selected pipe to only allow the specified number of IN requests to be accepted by the pipe before it is automatically frozen.
| [in] | TotalINRequests | Total number of IN requests that the pipe may receive before freezing. |
| static void Pipe_SetInfiniteINRequests | ( | void | ) | [inline, static] |
Configures the currently selected pipe to allow for an unlimited number of IN requests.
| static void Pipe_SetInterruptPeriod | ( | const uint8_t | Milliseconds ) | [inline, static] |
Sets the period between interrupts for an INTERRUPT type pipe to a specified number of milliseconds.
| [in] | Milliseconds | Number of milliseconds between each pipe poll. |
| static void Pipe_SetPipeToken | ( | const uint8_t | Token ) | [inline, static] |
Sets the token for the currently selected pipe to one of the tokens specified by the PIPE_TOKEN_* masks. This can be used on CONTROL type pipes, to allow for bidirectional transfer of data during control requests, or on regular pipes to allow for half-duplex bidirectional data transfer to devices which have two endpoints of opposite direction sharing the same endpoint address within the device.
| [in] | Token | New pipe token to set the selected pipe to, as a PIPE_TOKEN_* mask. |
| static void Pipe_Unfreeze | ( | void | ) | [inline, static] |
Unfreezes the selected pipe, allowing it to communicate with an attached device.
| uint8_t USB_ControlPipeSize |
Global indicating the maximum packet size of the default control pipe located at address 0 in the device. This value is set to the value indicated in the attached device's device descriptor once the USB interface is initialized into host mode and a device is attached to the USB bus.


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Instruction how to access APIs.
Typical tasks (see
Service health
to see data volume in this installation)
List data
List all companies
List all templates
List all contract categories
List all contract properties
List all contract types
List all person-company relationship (superadmin access required)
List all person-contract-company relationship (superadmin access required)
List all contract-company relationship (superadmin access required)
Access examples
Get current user context (login required)
Whydah config for role access:
CONTRACT_ADMIN_SUPERADMIN=1 for the building owner
CONTRACT_ADMIN_COMPANYNAMES=devhouse.no,webstep.no for company admin
API Documentation (Swagger)
Swagger API doc
UI design
UI design


The particle system stores your nodes and edges and handles updating their coordinates as the simulation progresses.
creation & use…Parameters for the physics simulation can be set at creation-time by calling the constructor with the arguments:
arbor.ParticleSystem(repulsion, stiffness, friction, gravity, fps, dt, precision)
The parameters and their defaults are:
The defaults will be used for any omitted arguments. Parameters can also be passed in an object literal. For reference, the following calls are all equivalent:
arbor.ParticleSystem()
arbor.ParticleSystem(600)
arbor.ParticleSystem(600, 1000, .5, 55, .02, false)
arbor.ParticleSystem({friction:.5, stiffness:600, repulsion:1000})
Once a particle system has been created, the parameters can be
tweaked by passing an object to the .parameters
method:
var sys = arbor.ParticleSystem()
sys.parameters({gravity:true, dt:0.005})
The particle system doesn’t do any drawing on its own; you need to
provide those routines in a separate object that will be triggered
by the system when it’s time to redraw the screen. To set this up,
create an object with two methods (.init
and
.redraw
), then set the particle system’s
renderer
attribute to your new object:
var myRenderer = {
init: function(system){
console.log("starting",system) },
redraw:function(){ console.log("redraw") }
}
var sys = arbor.ParticleSystem()
sys.renderer = myRenderer
The .init
method will be called once before the first
pass through the draw loop. Then the .redraw
method
will be called each time the screen needs to be re-plotted. Take a
look at the
sample project
for a slightly more elaborated example of how this works.
name
is a string identifier that will be
used in talking to the particle system about this node.
data
is an object with keys and values
set by the user. you can use it to store additional information
about the node for later use in e.g., drawing.
Node
object.
name
is an identifier for a node already
in the system
Node
object or
undefined
if none is found. If called with a node as
an argument, it will return that same node (for idempotence).
node
is either an identifier string or a
Node object
Node
from the particle
system (as well as any Edge
s in which it is a
participant).
source
and
target
are either identifier strings or a
Node objects.
data
is a user data object with
additional information about the edge.
Edge
object.
source
and
target
are either identifier strings or a
Node objects.
Edge
objects
connecting the specified nodes. If no connections exist, returns
[]
.
node
is a string identifier or Node
object
Edge
objects in which
the node is the source. If no connections exist, returns
[]
.
node
is a string identifier or Node
object
Edge
objects in which
the node is the target. If no connections exist, returns
[]
.
edge
is an Edge object.
Edge
from the particle
system.
callback
is a function with the signature
ƒ(node
, pt
) where
node
is a Node object and
pt
is a Point object with its current
location.
Node
in the system.
node.p
attribute is always in the
coordinate system of the particle system, the
pt
argument is transformed into pixel coordinates
(provided you have called .screenSize
to specify the
screen bounding box).
callback
is a function with the signature
ƒ(edge
, pt1
, pt2
) where
edge
is an Edge object and
pt1
and pt2
are
Point objects with the current endpoint locations.
Edge
in the system.
.eachNode
, the
edge.source.p
and
edge.target.p
attributes are always in the coordinate
system of the particle system, while pt1
and
pt2
will be transformed into pixel coordinates
(provided you have called .screenSize
to specify the
screen bounding box).
branch
is an object of the form
{nodes:{}, objects:{}}
.
the nodes
attribute contains a mapping of
node names to data objects. For example,
{ nodes:{foo:{color:"red", mass:2},
bar:{color:"green"}}
}
the edges
attribute contains nested
objects to map source identifier to target, then target to edge
data object. e.g,
{ edges:{bar:{foo:{similarity:0},
baz:{similarity:.666}}
}
branch
argument will be
accessible through the .data
attribute of the
resulting Node
s and Edge
s.
branch
is an object of the form
{nodes:{}, objects:{}}
(see .graft
for
details).
callback
is a function with the signature
ƒ(node
, from
, to
) where
node
is a Node object and
from
and to
are
arrays of edges for which node is the source and target
respectively.
Node
in the system and should return
true
if the node should be pruned or do nothing if
the node should remain unaltered. Note that pruning a node will
also remove all edges in which it participates
if present, params
is an object
containing new settings values for the particle system. Valid keys
are the same as for the ParticleSystem
constructor function:
repulsion
, stiffness
,
friction
, gravity
, fps
, and
dt
.
if present, the fps
argument is a
positive integer.
ParticleSystem
calls the
.redraw
method of the object pointed to by its
.renderer
attribute.
{ topleft:{x:, y:}, bottomright:{x:, y:} }
{sum:, max:, mean:, n:}
.stop
method.
.start
is
called. Since the system begins running as soon as it is supplied
with nodes and edges, you may wish to call
.stop
shortly after creating the system object if it
will not be displayed until later in the page lifetime (e.g.,
until a user action takes place).
width
and
height
are positive integers defining the
dimensions of the screen area you will be drawing in.
.eachNode
and .eachEdge
iterators as
well as the to
/fromScreen
and
nearest
methods in this section.
ParticleSystem
and renderer
as well as
whenever the dimensions of the display area change.
All arguments are integers defining the number of pixels that
should be left blank along each edge of the display area. Either
1, 2, or 4 arguments are expected and are interpreted similarly to
the CSS padding:
property.
.eachNode
and company.
stepsize
is a number between 0 and 1
defining the amount the bounding box should move from one frame to
the next.
If present, opts
is an object of the
form:
{ size:{width:400, height:300},
padding:[1,2,3,4],
step:.1 }
systemPoint
is a
Point
object whose x and y values are set using the
system’s internal coordinate scheme.
Point object
. If the size hasn’t been set or the
system hasn’t started yet, undefined
will be returned
instead.
screenPoint
is a
Point
object whose x and y values are using the
screen’s pixel coordinates.
Point object
. If the size hasn’t been set or the
system hasn’t started yet, undefined
will be returned
instead.
screenPoint
is a
Point
object whose x and y values are using the
screen’s pixel coordinates.
{node:, point:, distance:}
node
and point
will either be the
eponymous objects or null
depending on whether any
such node exists. distance
is measured in pixels.
node
is a Node
object or an
identifier string for the node whose values you wish to tween.
duration
is the time (in seconds) the
transition should last.
opts
is a mapping of names and target
values.
.data
object of a given Node
. For
instance consider a node whose .data
object looks like:
{color:"#00ff00", radius:1}
sys.tweenNode(myNode, 3, {color:"cyan", radius:4})
#
”.
opts
argument to modify the tween
behavior. delay
specifies the time in seconds before
the tween should begin. ease
can be set to one of the
names seen in the src/easing.js
file to control the
dynamics of the transition.
arbor-tween.js
file in your page.
edge
is the Edge
whose
values you wish to tween.
duration
is the time (in seconds) the
transition should last.
opts
is a mapping of names and target
values.
.tweenNode
except that it
operates on the .data
attribute of an
Edge
instead of a Node
.
arbor-tween.js
file in your page.
Node objects encapsulate the current physics state of a point in the particle system as well as giving you a place to attach associated non-physics metadata.
creation & use…
New nodes are created through the particle system’s
.addNode
method. For example:
sys = arbor.ParticleSystem()
node = sys.addNode("mynode", {mass:2, myColor:"goldenrod"})
This will create a new Node
object with a
.data
field containing
{myColor:"goldenrod"}
. Note that the mass value was
stripped out of the data object and used for the node’s mass in the
simulation.
The ‘magic’ variables you can use in this way (and their defaults):
With each tick of the simulation the values in .p
will
be updated based on the repulsion and spring forces in the system.
To alter the node’s properties (in response to, say, a mouse click),
simply reset its values and the system will use the new values in
its next tick:
console.log( node.p.x, node.p.y )
>> 1.2, 0.4
node.p = arbor.Point(1, 1)
console.log( node.p.x, node.p.y )
>> 1, 1
node.p.y = 13
console.log( node.p.x, node.p.y )
>> 1, 13
Each node contains an attribute called .data
whose
contents and use are entirely up to you. Typically it is used for
storing metadata about the node so your rendering code can know how
to draw it, what its label text should be, which url to go to on
click, etc.
{ … }
Edge objects hold references to the source and target nodes they connect and have a preferred ‘resting’ length. They will apply forces on their endpoint nodes in an attempt to attain this optimal distance.
creation & use…
New edges are created through the particle system’s
.addEdge
method. For example:
sys = arbor.ParticleSystem()
node1 = sys.addNode("one node")
node2 = sys.addNode("another")
edge = sys.addEdge(node1, node2, {length:.75, pointSize:3})
This creates a pair of Node
objects then creates an
Edge
from the first to the second. The
length
key is a special variable that will be used for
setting the edge’s resting length. Any other keys in the object
passed to .addEdge
will be placed in the resulting
Edge
’s .data
attribute.
Note that .addEdge
can be called with either actual
Node
objects or simply their .name
s as
arguments. If a name is used but a node with that identifier does
not yet exist, the system will automatically create one before
creating the edge. For instance, the above code could be simplified
to:
sys = arbor.ParticleSystem()
edge = sys.addEdge("one node", "another", {length:.75, pointSize:3})
{ … }
Point objects are simple containers for x/y coordinates bundled
together with handy methods for doing vector calculations. Create
points by calling arbor.Point(x, y)
.
true
if x or y is NaN.


Extended Stay America (STAY) Investor Presentation - Slideshow
by SA Transcripts, https://seekingalpha.com/author/sa-transcriptsThe following slide deck was published by Extended Stay America, Inc. in conjunction with this event.
The following slide deck was published by Extended Stay America, Inc. in conjunction with this event.


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Casa 40 Building / Quaranta & Coraglio Arquitectos
- Curated by Clara Ott
- about 21 hours
Apartments · Córdoba, Argentina
- version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"? Architects: Quaranta & Coraglio Arquitectos
- AreaArea of this architecture projectArea: 1109.0 m2
- version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?YearCompletion year of this architecture project Year: 2019
- version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?PhotographsPhotographs: Gonzalo Viramonte
- version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?ManufacturersBrands with products used in this architecture project Manufacturers: Aluminios Henisa, Construluz, Corblock, DePlano, Terralon
- Author Architects Juan Carlos Quaranta, Marisa Quaranta, Valeria Quaranta
- Construction EMPRA s.r.l.
- Design Team Javier Gomez Rojas, Maria José Cordón Vieyra, Javier Rojas
- Structure Alejandro Fernandez
- Blacksmithing Hernan Batistón
More Specs Less Specs
Text description provided by the architects. Casa 40 is a five-floor condominium located between the traditional neighbourhoods of Alta Córdoba and Cofico. These neighborhoods are largely made up of modern houses from the 19th and early 20th centuries. The owners typically live an urban agenda, meaning they spend the majority of their days outside of the house and on returning value a space that’s generous, cozy and well illuminated. This inspired our design premise of wide-open communal spaces that promote better community living.
The access to the building is pedestrian-only and is by way of a metal enclosure folded in a “Z” shape. This structure beams two different colours depending on the direction from which it is approached, yellow or black, giving it a playful and dynamic character. On the other side we find an expansive ground floor area that gives onto a central atrium of walkways that includes the building’s “vedette”, a striking open-air yellow stairway. The resulting effect is for an original open space that explodes in multiple directions, which can be glimpsed from the outside and suggests a habitational ensemble that aspires to be a high-rise neighborhood.
This internal nucleus unites two separate bodies via an interior courtyard, organizing the structure whose totality emerges from a 9 x 41m plot. The lower three floors are a matrix of single-bedroom apartments while the upper two consist of two-bedroom apartments which, by retreating six meters, incorporate urban terraces, a traditional feature of the neighborhood. Additionally, the building retreats by three meters so that the central garden can conjoin with neighboring gardens, offering differing views from each floor and ventilating the entire condo from the interior.
The apartment entrances are by way of balconies, transitions between the public and private, which add a layer of intimacy. Finally, the selection of materials and colors respond to the search for visual harmony. As such concrete was chosen for the lift, black aluminum for the carpentry, smoothed cement for the floors, a textured look for the wall facings, as well as metallic contours, melon-seed metal and black-concrete brick.


ArchNadeom, Keeper Of Records.
Qtarsis, Hunter.
Stardate #280.
Beauty is mysterious as well as terrible. God and the devil are fighting there, and the battlefield is the heart of man.
-Fyodor Dostoevsky, The Brothers Karamazov
Death does not arrive with words of parting.
There are no sweeping overtures. No gentle closing of the eyes or quiet sinking into a peaceful rest. No grand epiphanies. It is not a glimpse into the Unknown.
It is violent. Immediate. Terrifying. Personal.
Death is the final judgment over life’s greatest presumption: that it had a right to live.
Qtarsis looked around his ship. They were all dead.
Male Nurse on the floor of the reactor. His hands clutched around his throat.
Roborob and Rocky had boarded the enemy vessel, but their comms had gone silent.
The cannon battery was a slaughter. Most of the crew had rushed there. In a desperate attempt to patch the hull and thwart incoming fire.
Visiri
Tomas
Invader
Cara
Verunus
All dead.
Now Jessica was dying too.
Her pupils unfocused. Her eyes wild with terror. Fighting for every last breath.
Qtarsis held her in his arms. Helpless.
Another barrage of enemy fire wracked the hull.
It would only be a matter of time before he joined his crew as well. He looked out the observation window on the enemy ship.
Masonobu of Clan Zaki. Former brother-in-arms.
Clan Zaki who had been his home.
Clan Zaki who sold their honor.
Clan Zaki who now murdered his crew.
Qtarsis’ eyes burned red.
He was an exile of the Sushi Wars.
When Clan Zaki had pawned out their top ships with the other great alliances, to join Sushi Train and overthrow the S.Q.U.I.D. WarFleet, Qtarsis found himself abandoned.
He walked the corridors and hub centers of the once bustling Zaki star port. Deserted.
He checked the docks and moorings for their ship leaders. Empty.
He undocked his ship and circled the perimeter for one last look at a place he had called home. Alone.
“Альянс — твоя семья.
Alliance is your family.”
Qtarsis had been a proud member of Clan Zaki. He felt the sting of their desertion cut deep.
Over the galactic channels, he heard of one alliance that had set themselves apart from the Sushi Wars.
One alliance that had closed its ranks. Lending no significant support to either side. Neither Sushi Train, nor the proud S.Q.U.I.D. WarFleet.
One alliance that stood together like a rock, despite the winds of chaos that swept around it.
Wolfpack.
In a time of uncertain allegiances, Wolfpack had distinguished themselves by a simple declaration of solidarity.
Solidarity. It was a word that spoke powerfully to Qtarsis.
He had found a new home. He would not arrive empty-handed.
He had learned of a hidden research facility in Zaki space. Satellite 16. For the Development of Advanced Neuro-Cybernetics.
It was headed by a Dr. Sera.
She held multiple PhDs in neuroscience, kinesiology, and robotics. She was the resident expert on cybernetic technology and focused her research in the area of prosthetics. To replace severed or amputated human limbs with new and augmented robotic counterparts.
Somewhere along the course of her studies and experimentation though, she went mad.
With her numerous breakthroughs and the rapid improvements she was making towards enhanced technology, Dr. Sera began to view the human body as inferior.
She proceeded immediately into human experimentation.
Working around the clock, she cycled through multiple test subjects to perfect her design. Captives she had purchased from a slave market now thriving on the disfranchised of war. Indentured. Unwilling. Disposable for the mere fact that their lives were now measured in currency.
Dr. Sera promised that what value life had stripped from them, their deaths would go towards rewarding a higher scientific pursuit.
The screams that echoed throughout her lab did little to gain their confidence.
The surgical procedures were invasive.
Dr. Sera found that the cybernetics worked more effectively when connected to the brain through the central nervous system. Nerves would be encased by robotic limbs and fused with the metal appendages like a wire plugging into a circuit board.
The procedure for an amputated subject was to stimulate cellular regeneration of the missing nerves.
The procedure for an unamputated subject was to carefully expose the nerves by cutting away any surrounding tissue. Then discard the rest like an unwanted growth.
Because of the necessity to work with the nerve fibers directly and uninhibited, Dr. Sera did not use anesthetics.
The pain was excruciating.
The heightened sensitivity of an exposed nerve is tremendous. Something as innocuous as a breath of air could trigger instant shock or nausea. If the stimuli was severe enough, it could even cause immediate cardiac arrest.
Her lab echoed with screams.
Dr. Sera grew accustomed to the sound. She familiarized it to the relief a patient may feel after extracting a painful molar.
Such was how she viewed the extremities of the human body. As deformities to be removed. And replaced with superior technology.
She called it “The Cleansing”.
Because of the secrecy of the facility, Qtarsis only knew of it as a center for cybernetic advancement.
He was unaware of the details of its research, the unethical nature of its progress, the name of its head scientist, or the state of her mental decay.
Given the mass exodus of Clan Zaki to Sushi Train, he thought it unlikely that the station would be manned.
When he invaded its facility, intent on stealing their research as a pledge of loyalty to Wolfpack, Qtarsis was as surprised to see Dr. Sera as she was him. Hunched over her operating table. Wearing a leather butcher’s apron. With a scalpel in hand.
Her surprise though quickly turned to anger at his interruption, and she charged Qtarsis with the scalpel.
A blaster fire singed the air.
The look of rage on Dr. Sera’s face froze into a comical grimace as she looked down.
She fell forward facedown.
Qtarsis found himself staring down the crackling point of a hand blaster, now aimed at him.
Jessica, The Raven.
He had heard of her only in legend.
She flew a pirate ship called The Liberator. She was infamous for attacking slave traders, robbing them of their profit, and releasing their captives to freedom.
Her crew consisted of three Visiri Capt’ns.
They were reformed slavers. Hard men. They fought to reclaim their self-honor aboard her ship.
Jessica had a piercing gaze. She could measure the mettle of a man over how he responded while being held at gunpoint.
Any slavers, who genuinely wished to repent of their misdeeds after their ship had been destroyed, were welcome among her crew. Any who did not, were welcome out the airlock.
Qtarsis held out his hands, “Thank you. I owe you debt of gratitude. I was waiting for fork to go with knife.”
Ha! Jessica lowered her hand blaster.
She had been pursuing a lead on a buyer whose slaves had been mysteriously disappearing, which led her here to Satellite 16.
Once Qtarsis became aware of the type of research they were conducting, he knew Wolfpack would want no part of it. Neither for its findings, nor the butchery that had furthered its discoveries. No one would.
He and Jessica rounded up what captives they could and rigged the station with thermal detonators. Set to blow the moment they departed.
Their’s would become a lasting partnership.
Qtarsis spoke with no small disdain of the Sushi Wars, or the slave trade that was being fueled by its devastation. When he discussed Wolfpack and his intent to ally with them, Jessica offered to join as well.
They dropped off the released captives at the next free trade port. Most were too debilitated or too far gone mentally to be of use aboard a starship.
But one proved able-bodied. And anxious to redeem himself against his aggressors. Roborob.
Qtarsis and Jessica pooled their resources, sold their ships, and upgraded to a class 7 alien warship.
When they flew into Wolfpack space, Qtarsis had not thought what to expect. Whatever his subconscious may have conceived, it was certainly not this.
Wolfpack was arrayed for war.
Their black warships floated heavily across space. Bristling with armament.
Dark. Dangerous. Menacing.
Qtarsis pledged his oath of loyalty to Wolfpack. The words were grim.
Lord Commander WarWolff draped a heavy fur cloak across Qtarsis’ shoulders. Pronouncing him the rank of Hunter.
WarWolff scowled at him under his brow.
Daring him to fail.
An explosion in the lower reactor jarred Qtarsis back to the present.
His crewmates were dead. Their bodies littered around the ship. Jessica in his arms. Looking upwards. Gulping for air.
The enemy Masonobu continued pounding his hull with heavy fire.
Something stirred inside Qtarsis. It was quiet at first, but it slowly increased in volume.
It was an old song. Proud.
It sang of a fatherland that no longer existed. On a planet that was no longer habitable.
It sang of seas and icecaps. Woods and fields. It sang of patriotism and glory.

It surged through Qtarsis and filled him with strength.
He bellowed out the words powerfully.
It filled his lungs and filled the air. It echoed down the elevator shafts. Bounced off the walls. Surged through the reactors and systems like an electric current.
Full of energy and power.
His voice, loud with song, reverberated throughout the hull.
Qtarsis stood and walked to the plasma cannon.
He tore open the side panel with bare fingers and ripped out the power conduit connecting it to the main reactor. He tore open the panel of the auxiliary laser and thrust the detached power line, now sparking in his hand, into the secondary outlet.
Crackles of electricity arced around Qtarsis.
His voice swelled with fury. Words leaping from his throat louder and louder.
He grabbed the controls of the laser and thrust them to full power. His voice bellowing mightily. Overloading the system and firing a continuous beam that cut across the entire length of the enemy hull.
It was more power than the laser could harness and the gun casing exploded. Throwing Qtarsis back against the far wall.
Preliminary explosions ruptured along the enemy ship where the beam breached its length, before the vessel detonated in one final seismic explosion.
“Farewell Masonobu.
Мы стали врагами не по своей воле.
Only war makes us enemies.”
Qtarsis pulled himself along the floor and propped himself up beside Jessica.
He leaned against her. Their arms touching shoulder to shoulder.
As the smoldering ship of Masonobu sunk out of view, Qtarsis shared with her in one last gaze. Looking out the observation window. Across the glittering canvas of space.
“Чем ночь темней, тем ярче звезды. 1
The darker the night, the brighter the stars.”
-
Apollon Maykov, untitled poem (1878) ↩


ÁVision Build Log
Tool Versions:
IDE-Version: Ž╠Vision V<IP_ADDRESS> Copyright (C) 2018 ARM Ltd and ARM Germany GmbH. All rights reserved. License Information: du ASUS, du, LIC=YAC6R-KG4TT-SLKCN-Y6N8Z-7XGRY-UGUVA Tool Versions: Toolchain: PK51 Prof. Developers Kit Version: 9.00 Toolchain Path: D:\Program Files (x86)\keil\C51\BIN C Compiler: C51.exe V9.00 Assembler: A51.exe V8.01 Linker/Locator: BL51.exe V6.22 Library Manager: LIB51.exe V4.24 Hex Converter: OH51.exe V2.6 CPU DLL: S8051.DLL V3.72 Dialog DLL: DP51.DLL V2.59Project:
E:\c51\code\Ş┤¤░\9-1.uvproj Project File Date: 09/01/2020Output:
Rebuild target 'Target 1' compiling eboard.c... compiling main.c... linking...  ".\Objects\9-1" - 0 Error(s), 10 Warning(s). Build Time Elapsed: 00:00:00


{% extends 'layout.html' %} {% block body %}
Stream name: {{payload.name}}{% if payload.description %} {{payload.description}} {% endif %} |
delete stream |
| Source System | Target System | Creator's mail | Created at | Status | Action | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{payload.status}} | {% elif payload.status == "starting" %}{{payload.status}} | {% elif payload.status == "running" %}{{payload.status}} | {% elif payload.status == "stopping" %}{{payload.status}} | {% elif payload.status == "idle" %}{{payload.status}} | {% elif payload.status == "failing" %}{{payload.status}} | {% elif payload.status == "crashed" %}{{payload.status}} | {% else %}{{payload.status}} {% endif %} {% if payload.status == "init" or payload.status == "idle" %} | deploy stream | {% else %}stop stream | {% endif %}
Multi-Source Stream App Function: |
{% else %}
Single-Source Stream App Filter Logic: |
{% endif %}
|---|
| A Multi-source Stream-App configuration was set. | {% else %}{{payload.filter_logic}} | {% endif %} {% else %}There is no Filter Logic set. | {% endif %}
Stream App Stats |
|
|---|---|
| {% if app_stats %} {% else %} Stats are not available for an undeployed stream. {% endif %} | download logfile |


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You can change your avatar at gravatar.com - You can change your password by clicking your name on the top right of your screen, or clicking here.
You can generate a private\public key pair using openssl, or you can generate a 2048 key in your browser.


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{% extends 'tensor_site/base.html' %}
{% load static %}
{% block content %}
The following rules apply to all servers:
General rules of conduct:
-
Hate-Speech/racism and other forms of discrimination is forbidden, it will result in a comms ban or ban.
-
Harassment and bullying of any kind is forbidden, it will result in a comms ban or ban.
-
Sexism is forbidden, it will result in a comms ban or ban.
-
You can appeal a ban here.
Game specific rules
-
Admins and moderators are sovereign. They decide what is allowed and what is not allowed. You can report abuses on Discord.
-
Server squatting is forbidden, it will result in a ban.
-
Any form of hacking is forbidden, it will result in a ban.
-
Playing music or other sounds on the server is forbidden, it will result in a comms ban.
-
Abusing the
!calladmin
command is forbidden, it will result in a ban.
General commands:
Commands can be typed direcly in chat
-
!report
: Report a player to the admins, if none are online.
-
!rank
: Show your rank on the server.
-
!calladmin
: Call an admin on Discord.
-
!sl
: Lists all Tensor servers.
-
!votekick
: Vote to kick a player.
-
!voteban
: Vote to ban a player.
The following rules only apply to the AWP servers:
-
Camping is not allowed. Players are not allowed to camp in their respective spawns and at the top of the tower. A player is considered to be camping when they have already been slapped several rounds in a row by the anti-camp plugin. If a player is found guilty of this, you should remind them in the chat about the no-camping rules. If they don’t comply, you can ban them for 30 minutes.
-
Bhop scripts are considered as cheating and are not allowed.
The following commands only work on the AWP servers:
Those commands can be typed direcly in chat
-
!duel
: Define your 1v1 duel preferences.
-
!rs
: Reset your score on the server.
-
!showflag
: Decide whether or not you want to display your flag on the scoreboard.
-
!settings
: Change your Quake sound preferences.
-
!hitsound
: Enable/disable your HitSound sound preferences.
The following rules only apply to the Surf servers:
-
The use of "Surf Bots" is forbidden, and will result in a ban.
-
The use of checkpoints/stages exploits is forbidden, and will result in a ban.
The following commands only work on the Surf servers:
Those commands can be typed direcly in chat
-
!r
: Reset your run.
-
!s "stagenumber"
: Teleport to the stage.
-
!end
: Teleport to the end.
-
!style
: Set your surfing style.
-
!help
: Full list of commands.
-
!rtv
: Start a rock the vote. If enough people vote, the map will change.
The following rules only apply to the Retakes servers:
-
Bhop scripts are considered as cheating and are not allowed.
-
Rushing as T is tolerated but not encouraged. Don't abuse it.
The following commands only work on the Retakes servers:
Those commands can be typed direcly in chat
-
!guns
: Choose a gun.
-
!votemap
: Start a map vote.
{% endblock content %}


Skepta and AJ Tracey release video for ‘Kiss And Tell’ collaboration
Watch the tourmates’ new clip now
Skepta and AJ Tracey have released a video for their anticipated collaboration ‘Kiss And Tell’.
The duo dropped the song – which Skepta produced – and its video on Halloween, a week after teasing it on social media. “The real AJ Tracey fans know this is a special one for me,” Tracey said of the collaboration on Twitter.
- Read More: The Big Read – AJ Tracey takes on the world
Following the track was its grainy, homemade music video that the two rappers appear to have shot in a hotel together. It also features live footage from Skepta’s Ignorance Is Bliss tour, on which Tracey serves as a supporting act. Watch the ‘Kiss And Tell’ video here:
‘Kiss And Tell’ is the latest Halloween release from Skepta – last year, he put out ‘Neighbourhood Watch’ with LD of 67, and in 2017 he released the ‘Vicious’ EP.
Skepta will return to the UK and Ireland later this month for a sold-out run of tour dates in support of his latest album ‘Ignorance Is Bliss’, before heading to Australia in December.
Tracey, on the other hand, released the deluxe version of his debut self-titled album last Friday. Among the five new additions to the record was the song ‘Cat Pack’.


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0. Preface
Unlike the previous two posts in the series, this post is presented in slideshow form. It's an attempt to reign in my hobby-horse of verbosity; to accommodate our shrinking attention spans; and (more somberly) to experiment with DH-inspired forms of visual rhetoric. To advance, push the right arrow key, or click the right arrow that appears when you hover over this text. To expand an image, click the title of the slide, which should appear in blue.
In any case: ahoy! ...
1. Introduction
Last time on Word Vectors in the Eighteenth Century, we looked at how word vectors work under the hood. And before that, we close-read how word vectors might model Edward Young's influential analogy that "riches are to virtue as learning is to genus."
But how can we distant-read word vectors? Surprisingly, this is not an easy question. Unlike topic modeling and other unsupervised methods, it's not immediately clear how to use word vectors for large-scale text analysis. All word vectors give us is a multidimensional semantic space, into there's no one particular or privileged way to enter. The matrix, as it were, won't tell us what questions to ask it.
2A. Back to semantic fields
Anyway, I didn't know where to begin. So I thought I'd piggy-back on work that Long Le-Khac and I have done in the past on semantic fields, or "cohorts."
For us, a semantic cohort is a group of words that are both semantically similar (i.e. a semantic field); and historically similar, in that they rise or fall together across time (i.e. an historical cohort). I won't go here into how we made these semantic fields/cohorts, but if you're interested, check out the pamphlet.
Instead, this post asks the questions: How do semantic fields relate to semantic vectors? Do vector-based approaches to semantics corroborate field-based approaches? More importantly, how can vectors help us think in new ways about semantics in DH?
2B. Semantic cohort #1: “Abstract Values”
Long and I believe we discovered two large semantic cohorts. The first we called the "abstract values." It contained words like the following, categorized into sub-fields:
-- Moral Valuation: character, honour, conduct, respect, worthy …
-- Social Restraint: gentle, pride, proud, proper, agreeable, …
-- Sentiment: heart, feeling, passion, bosom, emotion, …
-- Partiality: correct, prejudice, partial, disinterested, …
Note that most of these words are Latinate abstractions, and that as a cohort they fall in frequency across the nineteenth century.
Click the blue title above to see the graph more clearly.
2C. Semantic cohort #2: “Hard Seed”
Our second semantic cohort we called “hard seed,” after its seed word, "hard." It contained words like the following, categorized into sub-fields:
-- Action Verbs: see, come, go, came, look, let, looked, …
-- Body Parts: eyes, hand, face, head, hands, eye, arms, …
-- Physical Adjectives: round, hard, low, clear, heavy, hot, straight, …
-- Colors: white, black, red, blue, green, gold, grey, …
-- Locative Prepositions: out, up, over, down, away, back, through, …
-- Numbers: two, three, ten, thousand, four, five, hundred, …
Note that most of these words are concrete and Anglo-Saxon, and that they rise in frequency across the nineteenth century.
3A. Semantic fields in vector space
So, what would happen if we located each semantic field's words in the vector space? Would words from the same field appear closer to each other than to words from other fields?
3B. Semantic fields in vector space: All fields
It appears so. Words here are colored by their semantic field. If they are closer together in this image, then they are closer together in the vector space. The image is made by a t-sne dimensionality reduction of the cosine distances between each word (where the distances come from the ECCO-TCP word2vec model). In effect, t-sne tries to flatten the multidimensional geography of the data onto two dimensions with as little information loss as possible.
3C. Semantic fields in vector space: Hard Seed
The separation between the semantic fields is even more obvious if we look only at the words in each large field separately: displayed here is only the "hard seed" field. As a whole, "hard seed" tends to occupy the southwestern quadrant of the graph, and not to occupy the northeastern. Moreover, its sub-fields occupy their own distinct regions of the vector space: Action Verbs in purple, Body Parts in brown, Colors in pink, Numbers in gray, Physical Adjectives in yellow, and Locative Prepositions in light blue.
3D. Semantic cohorts in vector space: Abstract Values
Conversely, almost all of the "abstract values" occupy the northeastern quadrant of the graph. Its sub-fields, however, are less tightly organized than in "hard seed": Social Restraint (red) and Moral Valuation (blue) are stretched together across the northeast, intermixing also with the Sentiment field (green).
3E. Semantic cohorts in vector space: Abstract Values [Zoom]
positively valued (faultless, refined, admiration) and the westerly ones negatively valued (vulgar, sinful, reckless). This reorganization is one reason the fields look mixed-up: the distinction between abstractions of social vs. moral behavior has been subordinated to the distinction between positive vs. negative abstractions.
4A. From fields…
So, semantic vectors corroborate semantic fields, while also nuancing them. Within a vector space of semantics, words from the same "semantic field"—made from a totally different and independent process—cluster together in meaningful ways.
But corroboration is a bittersweet moment in DH: impressive, empowering even, but unsatisfying, boring. How, then, can word vectors allow us to approach these semantic questions differently? How can they help us ask new questions?
Perhaps we could think less in terms of discrete semantic units, like semantic fields or cohorts...
4B. To vectors
...and instead, we could think more in terms of vectors or axes of meaning.
For example, instead of thinking of concrete and abstract words as belonging to distinct semantic fields, we could think of them as lying at the extreme ends of a semantic spectrum—a vector—that points from one to the other, or from the semantics of concreteness to the semantics of abstractness.
Vectors make it easy to define this new kind of semantic unit: the semantic vector, V(Abstract-Concrete). But how?
5A. Measuring abstractness everywhere
Our vector of concreteness-vs.-abstractness, V(Abstract-Concrete), affords a whole range of interesting distant readings. For instance, now we can measure the relative abstractness of any word by taking the cosine similarity between its vector and V(Abstract-Concrete). If above 0, the word points toward abstractness; if below, it points toward concreteness; and if around 0, it points orthogonally, neutral with respect to the contrast. Here are the most frequent 1,000 words in the corpus by part-of-speech. That there are more abstract than concrete adjectives, and more concrete than abstract verbs, is not an artifact of our vector, but reappears in contemporary measures of linguistic abstractness.
4C. Defining V(Abstract) and V(Concrete)
One way would be to build on the abstract and concrete semantic fields we've been looking at.
We could define a generalized abstract word, V(Abstract), as the centroid of the vector positions for all words in the "abstract values" field. Because what words in this field most share is their abstractness, we would expect an artificial word vector pointing there [i.e. V(Abstract)] to primarily capture the semantics of abstractness.
Likewise, we can define a generalized concrete word, V(Concrete), as the centroid of the vector positions for all words in the "hard seed" fields, since what these words most share is their concreteness.
4D. Defining V(Abstract-Concrete)
Finally, we can define a semantic vector pointing from the concrete to the abstract as V(Abstract-Concrete). This is the vector subtraction of V(Concrete) from V(Abstract). By the logic of subtraction, this vector points from the semantics only concrete words have to the semantics only abstract words have.
In effect, V(Abstract-Concrete) expresses the difference between concrete and abstract words, not as two distinct semantic fields, but rather as a single semantic axis of difference: that is, as a vector.
5B. Comparing to contemporary measures of abstractness
We can also compare V(Abstract-Concrete), our measure of abstractness specific to eighteenth-century semantics, with contemporary measures of abstractness. The y-axis here is V(Abstract-Concrete). Along the x-axis here is a contemporary measure of concreteness, drawn from a Mechanical Turk study (Brysbaert et al). As we expect, they negatively correlate: the linear regression explains about a third of the data (R^2 = 32%). But the variations from the norm are even more interesting...
5C. Concrete words can sublimate
Take the word "discovered." The word is more abstract today, and more concrete in the eighteenth century, than we would expect from the linear model. Why is this? This may have a simple historical-linguistic explanation. The concrete usage of "discover" (to un-cover and make visible to the eye), now marked "rare" by the OED, was common in the 18C. As a random example, from Burney's Evelina (1778): "Just then our attention was attracted by a pine-apple; which, suddenly opening, discovered a nest of birds, which immediately began to sing."
5D. Abstract words can ossify
Conversely, the word "human" is highly concrete today (almost maximally), but was highly abstract in the 18C—both much more so than we would expect. Why? My guess is that today we think of a human more than the human: I'm a human, you're a human, this human, that human: it's human with an indefinite article, it's plural, it's concrete. But in the 18C, "human" operated as a sacred, top-level abstraction: as in human nature, or the contrast between the human and animal worlds, or between the human and the divine.
Is "human" an abstraction, then? In the 18C, yes; in the 21C, no. Results such as these provoke further questions. For example, is abstraction best understood along a timeline? Just as metaphors "die", hardening into a new literal meaning, perhaps abstractions also pass away, drifting into concrete meanings.
6. Conclusion
In sum, we saw how semantic fields appear clustered together in a semantic vector-space in interesting ways: and so vector-based approaches to semantics corroborate, even nuance, field-based ones. But they also build on and reframe them: by redefining the relationship between abstract and concrete words as the semantic vector between them, we can measure the relative abstractness of any given word. With this measure, we can do any number of things. Here, we compared it with a contemporary measure of concreteness, and interpreted a couple outliers.
Next time, on Word Vectors in the Eighteenth Century, we’ll make use of this vector-based measure of abstractness to construct “semantic transportation networks” between abstract nouns. Until then, … stay tuned!


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This is a demo of the Hough transform in JavaScript.
If you write shapes on the left canvas you can see what it looks like in a Hough space on the right. Try writing parallel lines - Theta should be the same.
When you have sufficient points, the best fit Hough line will be indicated with a red dot in Hough space and a red line in the original drawing.


A Space shooter game made in Unity. In the group i was in during this project i was the only one who felt comfortable enough to code so most of the game was programmed by me. This was my first bigger game project withing a group and i think it turned out pretty good
Easily for me the most fun too work on during this project was the final boss. Was super fun creating it and adding juice/personality too it through different attack patterns


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A beautiful snow white hen, laying 300 - 320 large white eggs per year. Described as a petite little ballerina, smaller compared to some of the other hens but with a beautiful shape,and a striking long white tail.


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| fkSegments reference pages |
fcn=SEGCOUNT(segments) c=SEGCOUNT(segments,x)
fcn=SEGCOUNT(segments) returns a handle to a function that accepts a single argument and returns the cumulative count of segments at the values in the argument. (i.e. the function counts the number of segments which contain the value of the argument).
c=SEGCOUNT(segments,x) returns the count of segments at x.
| seg_not | Toolbox page | logical2seg |


This report represents which of six major natural hazards (earthquakes, volancoes, landslides, floods,
drought, and cyclones) are considered high risk for the bioregion.
Risk has been estimated by combining hazard exposure with historical vulnerability for two indicators of
elements at risk -- population and Gross Domestic Product per unit area.
More information on the Natural Hazards datasets can be found here.