The captain of a vessel must notify the Immigration Division of the date/time of entry and provide the crew/passenger list at least 24 hours before entering the Republic.
Avoid overtime fees of up to $250 (Immigration $100, Customs $75, Quarantine $100) by arriving during business hours Monday to Friday.
Clearance is quick and easy at Majuro Atoll. Call ‘Majuro Port Control’ on VHF 16 upon arrival and ask for instructions for clearance. If no answer, call the MBYC on VHF Ch 71 and ask for advice.
Port Control may schedule Customs and Immigration officials to meet the skipper at the Shoreline dinghy dock (near Uliga Wharf and RRE hotel) to complete clearance. If not, a take to the Capital Building (about 10 minutes away) where, on the ground floor, you will find Customs who will then give you instructions to go to Immigration in the Mako Building, which is a five to 10 minute walk. Remember for men to wear a collared shirt and trousers and for for women a dress or skirt that reaches below the knee.
Last updated July 2016.
All passports must be valid and if applying for a visa, must be valid for 6 months.
Visas are not required for citizens of the United States, Federated States of Micronesia and Palau.
No visas are required by crew of private yachts for stays of up to 7 days.
Tourist visas for stays of 30 days (with extensions for another 60 days) will be granted on arrival for citizens of All Pacific Forum Member Countries, including Australia and NZ, the EU, Canada, Japan, South Korea, The Philippines and Taiwan. When being issued with a tourist visa, it may be necessary to provide certain documents (letter stating purpose of visit, police record dated within last three months and health record dated within last three months showing traveller is free of HIV and TB).
All other person must obtain a visa prior to arrival. See contact below.
Entry Permits are required for every atoll to be visited. See Outer Islands page for more details.
Last updated July 2016.
Firearms must be declared on arrival.
Coral and turtle shell are prohibited exports.
Last updated July 2016.
There is now no health risk to visiting cruisers from the 1950s nuclear testing. Avoid eating coconuts, pandanus fruit and coconuts crabs on Bikini and Rongelap atolls. It’s okay to eat lobster and fish even from Bikini lagoon where 67 bombs were tested.
Majuro has one private clinic and one public hospital. Ebeye has one public hospital. Most outer islands have very basic medical dispensaries.
There may be some risk of cholera. A health certificate is required if arriving from infected areas. An HIV test is required for visits over 30 days. Diseases such as tuberculosis and leprosy exist on the Islands.
Dengue Fever endemic in the islands and precautions should be taken to avoid mosquito bits.
ZIKA VIRUS ALERT: (September 2016) There have been recent safety alerts from the US State Department, UK Foreign Office, and Center for Disease Control (CDC) regarding travel to parts of Central and South America, Africa, southern Asia, the Caribbean, and the South Pacific islands. The Marshall Islands is an area of interest. There is growing concern about the rapid spread of the ZIKA Virus and the impact of the virus on pregnant women and babies. ZIKA is transmitted by mosquitos in tropical and sub-tropical climates, and there is currently no cure or vaccine. This situation is evolving rapidly, so please refer to the CDC’s dedicated website if you are intending to cruise in one of the effected areas.
Cases of locally transmitted Zika virus have been confirmed in the last 9 months.
Last updated September 2016.
Cruising Permits are required for every outer island. See Outer Islands page for more details.
Permits may be obtained from the Ministry of Internal Affairs in Majuro. Permit fees are payable upon arrival to the permitted island. Yacht crews should seek out the island mayor, bring two copies of the permit and exact change.
Fees for most of the atolls are $25-$50, but one is reported to be as high as $250 (note: this has in the past been negotiated down by cruisers) .
Tourist visas for stays of 30 days (with extensions for another 60 days) cost $25 for citizens of all Pacific Forum Member Countries, including Australia and NZ, the EU, Canada, Japan, South Korea, The Philippines and Taiwan.
Non-Americans can purchase a single entry one-year visa for $200.
A $10 fee for yacht checkout at Marshall Islands Ports Authority.
There is a $20 departure tax. People over 60 are exempt.
Last updated April 2014.
The test site on Kwajalein Atoll occasionally conducts live fire exercises within a 200 mile radius. Contact Kwajalein Atoll Control by radio beforehand if sailing in this area.
Restricted islands are those used by the US army: Kwajalein Island (but not the entire Kwajalein atoll) is a closed military base, and the missile range includes Kwajalein and the islands up to Roi-Namur Island. Monitor SSB 2.716 and VHF Ch 71 for test notices.
The outer islands are very conservative. Covered shoulders and long skirts for women, and shirts and trousers/pants or long board shorts for men. Display as little skin as possible.
When islanders visit your yacht, cover-up!
The drinking of alcohol is banned on all of the outer islands except for Kwajalein and Likiep and should never be given as a gift.
Animals must be declared to Customs on arrival but are permitted to stay on board (most pet friendly nation in the Pacific).


@(problems: List[Problem], assignmentID: Long, duration: Long)
This is a timed assignment and it has @problems.size() problems. The duration of this assignment is @duration minutes and counter will start as soon as you click on "Start" button


Budapest, Hungary
Hi, my name is Klára. I enjoy travelling, especially abroad. I'm interested in health preservation / naturopathy, and my newest passion is coding.


Weather Journal
City
- Invalid city, please make sure that you typed the name correctly
Language
English
Arabic
French
Italian
Units
Celsius
Fahrenheit
Kelvin
Fun fact
Get Weather
Delete Data


polire.utils package¶
Submodules¶
polire.utils.docstring module¶
polire.utils.gridding module¶
Standard Utility Script for Gridding Data 1. Contains all the common functions that
will be employed across various different interpolators
-
polire.utils.gridding.
find_closest
(grid, X, l=2)¶ Function used to find the indices of the grid points closest to the passed points in X.
- grid: {list of 2 arrays}, (shape(res, res), shape(res, res))
This is generated by meshgrid.
- X: {array-like, 2D matrix}, shape(n_samples, 2)
The set of points to which we need to provide closest points on the grid.
- l: str, optional
To decide the l`th norm to use. `Default = 2.
- ix: array, shape(X.shape[0],)
The index of the point closest to points in X.
-
polire.utils.gridding.
make_grid
(self, x, y, res, offset=0.2)¶ - This function returns the grid to perform interpolation on.
This function is used inside the fit() attribute of the idw class.
- x: array-like, shape(n_samples,)
The first coordinate values of all points where ground truth is available
- y: array-like, shape(n_samples,)
The second coordinate values of all points where ground truth is available
- res: int
The resolution value
- offset: float, optional
A value between 0 and 0.5 that specifies the extra interpolation to be done Default is 0.2
xx : {array-like, 2D}, shape (n_samples, n_samples) yy : {array-like, 2D}, shape (n_samples, n_samples)


Table Widget can have search functionality. This page contains information only about setting up the search, so before proceeding get familiar with the following:
Data Sources
- for information about Data Sources and their Features.Table Widget
- for configuring a table widget itself.
To use search within the Data Source you need to use data source Features.
Data Source should implement IDataSource
interface
and have features property set.
Default way to do that is to declare the features:
And then pass it to the DataSourceFeatures
To configure the widget you have to enable search in the widget configuration:


Go to Riven's Gaze and set up a new password for you and your fireteam. It will keep a session up until 2 hours after none is using it, and it allows you to mark Riven's eyes.
Up to 6 eyes can be tracked, with the first pair as blue, the second pair as red and the third pair as yellow.
If you are stuck with your eyes, just click the reset button.
The purpose of this website is for everyone in the fireteam to enter, introduce the password, and be capable to both checking the eye's callout and contributing! Not all Guardians have PC chat :P
Optimized experience for landscape-mode
Got any suggestion or issue? Contact me on Twitter or on Github!


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/113488-general/topic/explicit.2Fimplicit.20switch.html ---
We have a section where all definitions and lemmas start with either (A : type) [class1 A] [class2 A] [class3 A] [class4 A]
or {A : type} [class1 A] [class2 A] [class3 A] [class4 A]
( only difference is ()
vs {}
in first argument). Is there any way we could tell Lean which one we want for each def/lemma without having to copy the whole line or use a different variable name? Of course simply writing (A : Type)
or {A : Type}
at the beginning of a def doesn't work since it shadows the variable and loses the instance implicit stuff
variable {A}
changes the binder of an existing variable A
Thanks!
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


--- layout: post title: Renaming files in ruby tags: - Coding - files - glob - hack - renaming - ruby - script status: publish type: post published: true meta: aktt_notify_twitter: "no" _aktt_hash_meta: "" _edit_last: "1" _wp_old_slug: "" --- Its programs like this that make me love ruby.


Author: {{quote.author}}
publisher: {{quote.publisher}}
Created {{quote.completeDate|dateCount}} days ago


Reading Question 6.
According to a late 2017 study by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development} [9.11.167], the U.S. has the greatest annual average tuition and fees of all surveyed countries charged to nationals of that country. Note that the symbols `a' in the table mean "the category does not apply", while `m' means "data are not available" (missing) \cite{oecdEducationGlance20172017a 7 .
What general trends (by continent, region, degree type, or type of institution) do you notice in the table? Explain.
What impact may the missing or ``not applicable'' data have on the general trends observed in the table? Explain.


Jordan
24
Fav Categories
8
Fav Locations
Jordan Havelberg
Tel-Aviv, Israel
Follow
208
Deals
1541
Followers
743
Following
"


The Oldest US Citizens Passed Away at the Age of 114 Years and 140 Days
The oldest person in the United States, New York resident Alelia Murphy, died at the age of 114 years and 140 days, ABC and BGNES reported.
Afro-American Murphy became the oldest person in the United States in January when her predecessor, Lessie Brown, died in Ohio.
Murphy was born in North Carolina in 1905 and moved to Harlem, New York in 1926.
Her age and death are confirmed by the US Gerontology Research Group (GRG), which compiles verified lists of centenarians in the country.
"It is with great sadness that we share news of the passing of Mrs. Alelia Murphy," the health care workers' union 1199SEIU, of which Murphy's daughter was a member, said Wednesday in a statement.
"Mrs. Murphy was the oldest living American, having celebrated her 114th birthday in July, surrounded by her family, friends, community leaders, and members of our AFRAM Caucus.", the Twitter release stated.
According to the GRG Group, now the oldest US resident is Hester Ford, who lives in North Carolina and is 114 years and 105 days old.


A checklist for more inclusive, accessible and understandable talks
This is a checklist for presenters to ensure that their talk materials are ready for an inclusive, accessible and actionable presentation. It is based on years of experience presenting in lots of different countries, to diverse audiences at at conferences with translation and transcription. They are meant to remind presenters to be prepared for anything going wrong.
Not all these things are mandatory for every talk, but considering them will make you a better and more relaxed presenter.


Please draw a query structure. Click on the ? sign in the drawing applet for a help on drawing.
For more details of the query features JChem offers, read the JChem Query Guide.
Input Parameters
Search type defines the way compounds are searched. Options:
Similarity threshold specifies a lower limit for the Tanimoto coefficients calculated using the fingerprints of the query molecule and the molecules in the database. If a Tanimoto value is greater than the threshold, then the query structure and the given database structure are considered similar.
Max. hits specifies an upper limit for the number of molecules the search engine is allowed to find.
Max. time specifies an upper limit for the length of time the search may take.
Comments
Automatically displayed Hydrogen atoms and charges will not be used in the query.
Searching common structures that occur frequently in the database might take considerable time.


As the homeless creatures drag along
With a thing called 'brother' in her arms
At home -- In streets -- On Christmas
- Where they belong
The brother's warm ... safe arms
Cozy as he is free from all harms
The bells jingle!
Singles mingle!
The warmth of fire!
The youth in desire ...!
But how do we pen
A pest put to test?
An object of pity,
The very lyrics to the test.

Sees Santa Coming By.


A friend of mine showed up at my apartment one night while I was pretty drunk. He had some crystal meth and wanted to do some. I said go for it, and as a matter of fact, let me try some. I had never snorted meth before, only a pill here and there so I'd never really experienced speed before.
Well, it woke me up right out of that drunk buzz. We did lines every 30 minutes or so for about 4 hours. By this time, I wasn't drunk at all, and I was feeling pretty good. The sun was coming up, and my friends had plans to go see some other friends of ours and I was going to go with them. As I was getting ready, I started to feel sick. After a while, I realized I wouldn't be able to go. They left, and all day I was sicker than I'd ever been before in my life.  It was like getting the wind knocked out of you but it lasted for about 15 minutes. I finally recovered enough so that I wasn't puking, and went to sleep.
The next day, I was extremely depressed. I was crying all day long, I mean boo-hooing, which is REALLY unlike me. I thought something was terribly wrong with me and even dialed some help numbers and talked to some counselors. I felt like killing myself. I got through the day somehow and finally went to sleep. The next day, I had a lingering depression, but nothing like the day before. I don't know if it was the speed and the alcohol combination that caused such horrible aftereffects (possibly the vomiting was) but if just doing speed was the cause of depression like that, I'm never doing it again.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Storm cluster
On this page you will find a tool made to display a visual representation of a Storm topology.
The tool will display the topology structure, as well as a real time status for each of the nodes and links.
On this page you will find a tool made to display a visual representation of a Storm topology.
The tool will display the topology structure, as well as a real time status for each of the nodes and links.


Treasure Hunt
Rules
Contact
{% if messages %}
{% for message in messages %}
{{ message }}
{% endfor %}
{% endif %}
{% block question %}
{% endblock %}
Hint
{% block hint %} {% endblock %}
{% csrf_token %}
{% block qno %}
{% endblock %}
Submit
×
Rules
Every level has an answer that'll take you to the next level.
In this game any thing can be a clue. You need an open mind with good observations.
All answers are lowercase characters or number 0-9. Spaces, special characters are not allowed.
If the answer is
Hello World
, then concatenate it to
helloworld.
For hints or questions, please refer to the
Facebook page
In case you win, you might be asked for the answers to all the levels. Please note them down somewhere.
The decision of the Horizon 2015 committee is final and binding in case of any disputes.
Larry Page and Sergey Brin devised a search engine. Try to use it extensively.
×
Contact
Satyajeet (+91-8293538913)
Abhishek (+91-7679518800)


openMIC
v0.1
openMIC Node
Windows 2012, uptime: 2 days, 14 hours
Welcome
openMIC User
opener
On
Dashboard
Settings
Security
Statistics
Logs
Settings
Modify openMIC Settings
Warning: openMIC configuration is not complete.
openMIC Proxy Settings
Transparent operation:
Server mode:
Server mode:
Submit
Bro Configuration
Warning: Bro configuration is not complete.


| strict_list {xfun} | R Documentation |
A strict list is essentially a normal list()
but it does not
allow partial matching with $
.
strict_list(...) as_strict_list(x) ## S3 method for class 'xfun_strict_list' x$name ## S3 method for class 'xfun_strict_list' print(x, ...)
... |
Objects (list elements), possibly named. Ignored in the
|
x |
For For |
name |
The name (a character string) of the list element. |
To me, partial matching is often more annoying and surprising than
convenient. It can lead to bugs that are very hard to discover, and I have
been bitten by it many times. When I write x$name
, I always mean
precisely name
. You should use a modern code editor to autocomplete
the name
if it is too long to type, instead of using partial names.
Both strict_list()
and as_strict_list()
return a list
with the class xfun_strict_list
. Whereas as_strict_list()
attempts to coerce its argument x
to a list if necessary,
strict_list()
just wraps its argument ...
in a list, i.e., it
will add another list level regardless if ...
already is of type
list.
library(xfun) (z = strict_list(aaa = "I am aaa", b = 1:5)) z$a # NULL! z$aaa # I am aaa z$b z$c = "create a new element" z2 = unclass(z) # a normal list z2$a # partial matching z3 = as_strict_list(z2) # a strict list again z3$a # NULL again!


Wormhole
Welcome to Wormhole Demo!


The Apache Geode Developer REST interface runs as an embedded HTTP or HTTPS service (Jetty server) within one or more Geode servers.
REST API Libraries
All Geode REST interface classes and required JAR files are distributed as a WAR file with the Geode product distribution. You can find the file in the following location:
install-dir/tools/Extensions/geode-web-api-n.n.n.war
where install-dir is the server installation directory and n.n.n is a version number.
Enabling the REST API
The REST API service for application development runs only on servers; you cannot run the service on a locator.
To enable the Developer REST API service on a given server, use the gfsh start server
command with the --start-rest-api
option,
or set the start-dev-rest-api
property to true
for the server via the ServerLauncher API.
This starts an embedded Jetty server and deploys the Developer REST API WAR file on that server.
Enabling the REST API on Multiple Servers
You can configure multiple REST-enabled servers in a single distributed system. Each server should
have a separate host name and unique end point. To ensure that the server is reachable on a
machine with multiple NIC addresses, use http-service-bind-address
to bind an address to
the REST API service (as well as the other embedded web services, such as Pulse).
You can configure the Developer REST API service to run over HTTPS by enabling SSL for the http
component in gemfire.properties
or gfsecurity.properties
, or on server startup. See
SSL for details on configuring SSL parameters. These SSL
parameters apply to all HTTP services hosted on the configured server, which can include the
following:
- Developer REST API service
- Management REST API service (for remote cluster management)
- Pulse monitoring tool
Starting the REST API Service
To start a REST API service-enabled Geode deployment, configure PDX serialization for your cluster, then start the service on one or more server nodes.
Configure PDX for your cluster
You must configure PDX if either or both of the following conditions apply:
- Application peer member caches will access REST-accessible regions (resources) with
Region.get(key)
. - Your deployment has persistent regions that must be available as resources to the REST API.
To configure PDX in your cluster, perform the following steps:
Start a locator running the cluster configuration service (enabled by default). For example:
gfsh>start locator --name=locator1
If your deployment has application peer member caches (for example, Java clients) that must also access REST-accessible Regions (resources), use the following gfsh command:
gfsh>configure pdx --read-serialized=true
Note: You do not need to configure
--read-serialized=true
if no application peer member caches are accessing the REST-accessible regions (resources) in your deployment.If your deployment contains persistent regions that must be REST-accessible, use the following gfsh command:
gfsh>configure pdx --disk-store
This command sets
pdx
persistent
equal to true and sets the disk-store-name to DEFAULT. If desired, specify an existing disk store name as the value for--disk-store
.If both of the above cases apply to your deployment, then configure PDX with the following single command:
gfsh>configure pdx --read-serialized=true --disk-store
After you have configured PDX for your caches, then proceed with starting your REST-enabled servers and other servers.
Start the REST API Service on One or More Servers
As described above, you can start the REST API service on a server by using gfsh start server --start-rest-api
,
or by setting the Geode property start-dev-rest-api
to true
.
If you wish to start the service on multiple servers, use http-service-bind-address
and http-service-port
to
identify the cache server and specific port that will host REST services. If you do not specify
the http-service-port
, the default port is 7070, which may collide with other locators and servers.
If you do not specify http-service-bind-address
, the HTTP service will bind to all local addresses by default.
Note: If your application will be running in a VM (as when running in the cloud, for example),
it is good practice to specify http-service-bind-address
and http-service-port
so they will be
publicly visible. The default values may not be visible outside the VM in which the application is
running.
For example:
gfsh>start server --name=server1 --start-rest-api=true \
--http-service-port=8080 --http-service-bind-address=localhost
Any server that hosts data, even a server acting as a JMX manager, can start the Developer REST API service. For example, to start the service on a server that is also a JMX manager, you would run:
gfsh>start server --name=server1 --start-rest-api=true \
--http-service-port=8080 --http-service-bind-address=localhost \
--J=-Dgemfire.jmx-manager=true --J=-Dgemfire.jmx-manager-start=true
Note that when started as a JMX Manager, the server will also host the Pulse web application in the same HTTP service.
You may need to specify a CLASSPATH to load any functions that need to be made available to your REST services. For example:
gfsh>start server --name=server1 --start-rest-api=true \
--http-service-port=8080 --http-service-bind-address=localhost \
--classpath=/myapps/testfunctions.jar
You can specify these properties either upon server startup or in the server’s gemfire.properties configuration file. For example:
gfsh>start server --name=serverX --server-port=40405 --cache-xml-file=cache-config.xml \
--properties-file=gemfire.properties --classpath=/myapps/testfunctions.jar
where gemfire.properties contains:
http-service-port=8080
http-service-bind-address=localhost
start-dev-rest-api=true
Verify That The Service is Running
Verify that the Geode REST API service is up and running. To validate this, you can perform the following checks:
Test the list resources endpoint (this step assumes that you have regions defined on your cluster):
curl -i http://localhost:8080/geode/v1
Examine the server logs for the following messages:
[info 2017/06/13 13:48:14.090 PDT gfsec-server1 <main> tid=0x1] Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet 'geode-mgmt' [info 2017/06/13 13:48:14.091 PDT gfsec-server1 <main> tid=0x1] FrameworkServlet 'geode-mgmt': initialization started
Open a browser and enter the following URL to browse the Swagger-enabled REST APIs:
http://<http-service-bind-address>:<http-service-port>/geode/docs/index.html
where http-service-bind-address is the address and http-service-port is the port number that you specified when starting the Development REST API service on the server. For example, based on the server started in an earlier example, you would enter:
http://localhost:8080/geode/docs/index.html
If you did not specify these properties upon server startup or in gemfire.properties
, then use the
default of localhost and port 7070. See Using the Swagger UI to Browse REST
APIs for more information.
Implementing Authentication
To turn on integrated security, start your servers and locators with the security-manager property
set in your gemfire.properties file or on the gfsh command-line.
The following example uses the sample implementation that is included in the Geode source,
org.apache.geode.examples.security.ExampleSecurityManager
.
This implementation requires a JSON security configuration file which defines the allowed users and their corresponding
permissions. (See the javadocs for ExampleSecurityManager
for details on how to compose the JSON file.)
Place a copy of the JSON security configuration file in the execution directory of each security-enabled member, then
specify --classpath=.
in the start command for each of those members.
To start a server using a username and password that are defined in that server’s security configuration, include the
--user=username
and --password=password
options in the server’s start command:
For example, suppose the JSON config file defines user “super-user” with password “1234567”:
gfsh>start server --name=server1 --start-rest-api=true \
--http-service-port=8080 --http-service-bind-address=localhost \
--J=-Dgemfire.security-manager=org.apache.geode.examples.security.ExampleSecurityManager \
--classpath=. --user=super-user --password=1234567
To contact the server through the REST interface, you must provide the username and password. Various REST GUI interfaces
provide different ways of accomplishing this. The curl
command offers the --user
(or -u
) option for this purpose,
where username and password are specified as a colon-separated pair:
curl -i --user super-user:1234567 http://localhost:8080/geode/v1
In a simple URL, such as in a browser address bar, the credentials can be given as a prefix to the host name
in the form username:password@
:
http://super-user:1234567@localhost:8080/geode/v1
Programmatic Startup
You can also start and configure Geode REST services programmatically. For example:
import org.apache.geode.distributed.ServerLauncher;
public class MyEmbeddedRestServer {
public static void main(String[] args){
ServerLauncher serverLauncher = new ServerLauncher.Builder()
.set("start-dev-rest-api", "true")
.set("http-service-port", "8080")
.set("http-service-bind-address", "localhost")
.setPdxReadSerialized(true)
.build();
serverLauncher.start();
System.out.println("REST server successfully started");
}
}
You can then verify that the Developer REST API service has been started programmatically by visiting the following URL:
http://localhost:8080/geode/docs/index.html


Working with someone to solve a challenge has been a wonderful thing. First and foremost it's been great knowing that others are struggling with things as much as I am. Not that I would wish said struggling on anyone just that's it's nice to know I'm not alone. In addition to a sense of camaraderie it's allowed me to feel like this entire adventure may just be doable for me. There are cohortmates who clearly have a greater depth of experience in some, if not all, areas which has made me feel bad in that I feel like as the weak link I'm slowing their learning. On the other hand I know from past experience that sometimes the best way to cement knowledge is by teaching. Regardless of how far my perceived gap in skills has been every one of my pairs has been gracious, giving, supportive with good humor and grace in how they've handled our time together. While I suspect some of this comes from DBC's strong vetting process (that the people they accept have a strong tendency for empathy prior to being accepted and exposed to empathy in the classroom) it's been a rewarding experience and something that I found surprisingly fun. (I'm a die hard introvert and while I've managed to establish ways of interacting with life that allow me to work well with others it's not something I approach with the same ease as an extrovert.)
The opportunity to work with others - through remote pairing - has been a fun way to get to know my cohortmates and to build a sense of community even though we're scattered across the country. What has been rewarding to me has been the feedback from others. It's been awhile since I've actually gotten feedback (I literally wrote my last professional review for my boss to deliver to me) and by people who don't know me. While they undoubtedly have been kind in their feedback - given that it's the prime directive from DBC - they've nevertheless done so in a way that feels genuine and their constructive feedback has been easy to receive - likely as a result of the kindness in expressing all of their feedback.
What has been the most challenging for me when it comes to pairing is my lack of knowledge. It's frustrating to be the weak link especially after having been the heavy hitter professionally for a number of years now. Having come off a job where I had a team of about twenty and where I was the one with the depth of knowledge across five areas it's humbling to once again be a true novice with so much to learn. That said I've loved almost every minute of this journey so far. It's my professional mulligan, a chance to rectify an early misstep where I opted not to major in computer science. I firmly believe that code is my milieu and even when I'm completely frustrated being able to do my victory arms when I get my code to work makes it all worthwhile.
Reading the feedback I'd received was always nervous making at first. I seem to have that pesky human flaw of wanting to be liked and respected by my peers. Again, having just come off a job where for six years I managed, mentored and was colleague to a vast number of staff (and where I evidently earned the hash tag #LifeWithoutMurphy) it's hard not to want to build a solid reputation among a group of supportive, fun people with which to share this next chapter of my life. And the feedback from the GPS facilitators was doubly nervous making as it felt like a "live" performance review.
The feedback definitely helped to guide each subsequent pairing session. A consistent positive feedback was around my communication style - which I was glad to learn translated well in this new environment. The constructive feedback was mostly centered around continuing to develop my knowledge in various areas (similar to the constructive feedback I'd give most of my pairs.) Based on the feedback I've received I'm going to continue refining my communication style specifically having firmer opinions about roles and/or what I want to tackle first. Although I think I've worked a lot on the former and the latter is has really become more defined by the challenges themselves. That said I suspect we've got challenges headed our way in less than two weeks which will turn all this on its head and will provide us all with new opportunities to refine our pairing skills.
Writing feedback was fun - it was the briefest review I've ever had to give anyone. Having come from an environment where the annual review was about a page of narrative from me writing two rather brief paragraphs after each session was a pleasure. THe challenge I faced was in finding constructive criticism to share. I have yet to pair with anyone whose style I found challenging and thus could provide feedback on. Also we are all pretty much in the same boat when it comes to knowledge so I am hard pressed to say anything other than it was great to work with you, keep learning and keep up the great work. Granted I've generally been able to do so with more specifics than that but it's essentially what all my feedback has boiled down to. Which makes me feel a bit guilty as I'm used to providing much more tailored feedback.
At the end of the day I think this is an outstanding component to the program. Working with others on coding is a great growth opportunity on a number of fronts. Clear communication is a must if the driving/navigating roles are going to work. Patience is key if you're partnering with someone whose knowledge is behind yours while humility is required when they're ahead of you. A sense of humor is also an important thing as there are times when it's important to laugh at your learning curve so as not to let it drive you to tears.


Represents the data returned in a simple registration response inside of an OpenID C{id_res} response. This object will be created by the OpenID server, added to the C{id_res} response object, and then extracted from the C{id_res} message by the Consumer.
Located in /Auth/OpenID/SReg.php (line 417)
Auth_OpenID_Extension | --Auth_OpenID_SRegBase | --Auth_OpenID_SRegResponse
Take a C{L{SRegRequest}} and a dictionary of simple registration values and create a C{L{SRegResponse}} object containing that data.
request: The simple registration request object
data: The simple registration data for this response, as a dictionary from unqualified simple registration field name to string (unicode) value. For instance, the nickname should be stored under the key 'nickname'.
Create a C{L{SRegResponse}} object from a successful OpenID
library response (C{L{openid.consumer.consumer.SuccessResponse}}) response message
success_response: A SuccessResponse from consumer.complete()
signed_only: Whether to process only data that was signed in the id_res message from the server.
Returns a simple registration response containing the data that was supplied with the C{id_res} response.
Inherited From Auth_OpenID_Extension
Auth_OpenID_Extension::getExtensionArgs()
Auth_OpenID_Extension::toMessage()
Documentation generated on Tue, 21 Apr 2009 11:31:33 -0700 by phpDocumentor 1.3.2


Company profile - Canadian Company Capabilities
Third-Party Information Liability Disclaimer
Some of the information on this Web page has been provided by external sources. The Government of Canada is not responsible for the accuracy, reliability or currency of the information supplied by external sources. Users wishing to rely upon this information should consult directly with the source of the information. Content provided by external sources is not subject to official languages, privacy and accessibility requirements.
CogniLore Inc.
Legal Name:
CogniLore Inc.
Operating Name:
CogniLore Information Solutions Inc.
Mailing Address:
F-3056 (CRTL)- 283 Alexandre-Taché BlvdGATINEAU, Quebec
J9A 1L8
Location Address:
F-3056 (CRTL)- 283 Alexandre-Taché BlvdGATINEAU, Quebec
J9A 1L8
Tel.:<PHONE_NUMBER>
Fax:<PHONE_NUMBER>
Logo
Company Profile
In an increasingly technology driven world, applications are
becoming more complex and the amount of information available
has grown dramatically. The management and development of an
organization's knowledge assets has become a key issue.
CogniLore excels at the development of electronic publishing,
content management, knowledge management, and document
management systems that allow our clients to make critical
knowledge available to their users. Whether for internal or
commercial purposes, CogniLore develops automated systems that
reduce the content publishing lifecycle and increase the
accuracy and availability of critical knowledge assets.
Using a variety of standards based approaches to content and our
advanced content publishing, searching, and access control
technologies, CogniLore can rapidly convert legacy systems from
any format to a controlled, intuitive Internet based content
collection completely under the owner's control. When your
needs change from the development of a collection of web pages
to a true online publishing system, CogniLore is your most
effective partner in getting the job done right the first time.
Full profile
Full profile
Contact information
Company description
Product / Service / Licensing
variety of technologies and standards to produce content for
delivery via CD/DVD-ROM, Internet, Intranet, and other
electronic media. CogniLore has produced titles for legal,
government, e-learning, health, transport, and corporate
industries. CogniLore specializes in the production of large
volume (500MB and greater) systems. Our unique access control
technology allows our clients to manage client access to content
down to the finest level of content granularity as determined by
the content owners.
of electronic content from a legacy format (including Folio
VIEWS, older HTML, Interleaf, database tables, word processing
documents, SGML, and proprietary formats) to new formats
including XML, SGML, X-HTML, SCORM and PDF. CogniLore
specializes in the development of publishing systems for large
(500 MB and greater) scale data conversion.
Technology profile
organization to take control of its electronic assets by
defining client access to the finest levels of document
granularity and invoking powerful and rapid context based
searching capabilities. These features allow your users to
easily and accurately locate the precise document components
they need while giving content owners exacting control over the
type of content that can be viewed on a user by user basis.
CogniLore's JackKnife system consists of two powerful components
that work together to create extensive yet intuitive content
collections of any type, the Access Control System (ACS) and the
Simple/Easy XML Indexing System (SEXI). When your
organization's needs go beyond creating a collection of web
pages you have entered the domain of electronic publishing
systems. JackKnife is your solution for creating controlled,
secure, and intuitive electronic collections accessible through
cutting edge Internet technologies.
CogniLore Access Control System (ACS) - The core function of the
ACS system is to manage access to sub segments of a complete
document collection. The CogniLore Access Control system uses a
document's (or collection of document's) hierarchical
organization to selectively manage access to granular components
within this hierarchy. In this fashion, a content owner can
determine which sections of a document or a document collection
a client is able to view, and can easily restrict access to
components of a document at any level of granularity (section,
chapter, paragraph, sentence, etc.) based on the desired
restrictions and target users (i.e. to meet a certain security
level; to sell segments of content for commercial purposes; or
to customize a user's view of a collection of documents). A
user's profile contains his subscription information (subset)
which limits his view of the content collection, ensuring that
the user is not able to access these components, and, in fact,
can be completely unaware that these components even exist
within the collection. The ACS system features a "Table of
Contents" interface that allows the user to easily browse
through the hierarchy of a content collection select the
documents they wish to view. The system also features an
intuitive subscription capability that makes creating user
collections as easy as checking off the components to which that
user (or user group) should have access. Content displayed by
the ACS can be in whatever web format is most appropriate for
the content, including HTML, XML, scripts, Flash media, images,
and typically any other type of content that can be displayed in
a web browser. This powerful ability to control segments of
content based on user authentication lends itself to many and
diverse uses. The ACS system has already been used in very
broad fashion: from integration in e-learning systems that allow
users to create customized and personalized courseware to
segmenting non-confidential and secure information and only
allowing authenticated users to access the appropriate
information. Other applications of the technology allow users
to commercially purchase access to selective segments of content
or integration with a document management system that allows
users to access the documents for which they are responsible.
Other product features include:
Easily control access to content based on the structural rules
you define for your collections.
Easily create new user subscriptions by checking document
segments to which a user will have access.
The ability to personalize documents by creating notes that
attach to document segments. These notes remain static from
session to session and can be easily identified through a note
icon shown in your subscriptions Table of Contents.
Access tracking allows a user to easily identify components
which they have previously accessed.
Access history allows a user to easily see a list of the
previous 10 documents they have viewed.
Fully customizable interface allows the site manager to
determine how the content will be presented.
Easily supports any type of Internet based document.
Designed for multi language support.
Database driven easily allows for the integration of new
features based on client requirements.
The CogniLore Simple/Easy XML Indexing System (SEXI) - This
powerful XML search and retrieval system integrates with the ACS
to allow users to easily search for context specific content
with a XML document collection. Using CogniLore XML based query
language, users can query XML documents for the contents of any
indexed tag set, resulting in rapid and highly precise search
results. By creating easy to use and intuitive web based query
forms, users can rapidly identify the terms with which they wish
to construct their queries without the requirement to remember
complex Boolean search terms and constructs. The result is
rapid identification of the documents that are most pertinent to
their query. The SEXI system is ACS aware, ensure that the
results that are returned are only within the document subset
available to end user. However, the SEXI system can also also
be implemented independent of the ACS, allowing you to integrate
XML querying into any XML based system for rapid document search
and retrieval.
Market profile
Alliances:
- Sales/Marketing
- Technology
Industry sector market interests:
- Environment
- Information Technology and Telecommunications
- Medical/Biotechnology/Chemical
- Service Industry
- Transportation
- Aerospace
- Defence
Sector information
Unique applications:
The CogniLore JackKnife Electronic PublishingSystem allows your organization to take control
of its electronic assets by defining client
access to the finest levels of document
granularity and invoking powerful and rapid
context based searching capabilities. These
features allow your users to easily and
accurately locate the precise document components
they need while giving content owners exacting
control over the type of content that can be
viewed on a user by user basis. CogniLore's
JackKnife system consists of two powerful
components that work together to create extensive
yet intuitive content collections of any type,
the Access Control System (ACS) and the
Simple/Easy XML Indexing System (SEXI). When
your organization's needs go beyond creating a
collection of web pages you have entered the
domain of electronic publishing systems.
JackKnife is your solution for creating
controlled, secure, and intuitive electronic
collections accessible through cutting edge
Internet technologies.
Key / Major clients:
Office of the Secretary to the Governor General,Justice Canada, Management Board Secretariat of
Ontario, Publications Ontario, Human Resources
Development Canada, Canadian Transportation
Agency, Carswell, CompliSource, CCH, Uniform LLC,
Canadian International Trade Tribunal, Corel
Corporation, Canadian Institute for Health
Information, Legislative Counsel of Ontario.
Success stories:
Carswell - CogniLore developed, produced,maintains, and hosts Carswell's newly developed
online version of its Human Resources products
(including the Complete Human Resource Manager,
Canadian Payroll Manual in English and French,
and the Complete Payroll Manager products).
CogniLore converted these products from legacy
format to an access controlled web publishing
format while maintaining CD-ROM support from the
same data collection. CogniLore continues to
publish CD-ROM titles and invisibly maintains and
hosts a growing collection of Carswell titles
from our servers.
Corel Corporation - CogniLore developed the Corel
WordPerfect Office 2002 Web Based Training system
consisting of over 3000 bilingual lessons on the
four products that make up the Office Suite.
CogniLore used XML as the source for the data
collection managed by our own JackKnife
Electronic Publishing Technologies.
CompliSource - CogniLore produced 8 CD based
titles and created and hosted an Internet version
of these titles for CompliSource's US Regulatrory
Compliance titles. These titles were sold and
accessed by over 80 Fortune 500 clients from
across the US. Each title, hosted on CogniLore's
servers, contained hundreds of thousands of
Financial Regulations and opinions on Mortgage,
Auto, and Private loans accessed by the legal
departments of such clients as IBM, Toyota, Chase
Bank, Bank One, BMW, and GMAC.
Third-Party Information Liability Disclaimer
Some of the information on this Web page has been provided by external sources. The Government of Canada is not responsible for the accuracy, reliability or currency of the information supplied by external sources. Users wishing to rely upon this information should consult directly with the source of the information. Content provided by external sources is not subject to official languages, privacy and accessibility requirements.
Contacts
Contact information
Description
Company description
Products, services and licensing
Product / Service / Licensing
variety of technologies and standards to produce content for
delivery via CD/DVD-ROM, Internet, Intranet, and other
electronic media. CogniLore has produced titles for legal,
government, e-learning, health, transport, and corporate
industries. CogniLore specializes in the production of large
volume (500MB and greater) systems. Our unique access control
technology allows our clients to manage client access to content
down to the finest level of content granularity as determined by
the content owners.
of electronic content from a legacy format (including Folio
VIEWS, older HTML, Interleaf, database tables, word processing
documents, SGML, and proprietary formats) to new formats
including XML, SGML, X-HTML, SCORM and PDF. CogniLore
specializes in the development of publishing systems for large
(500 MB and greater) scale data conversion.
Technology
Technology profile
organization to take control of its electronic assets by
defining client access to the finest levels of document
granularity and invoking powerful and rapid context based
searching capabilities. These features allow your users to
easily and accurately locate the precise document components
they need while giving content owners exacting control over the
type of content that can be viewed on a user by user basis.
CogniLore's JackKnife system consists of two powerful components
that work together to create extensive yet intuitive content
collections of any type, the Access Control System (ACS) and the
Simple/Easy XML Indexing System (SEXI). When your
organization's needs go beyond creating a collection of web
pages you have entered the domain of electronic publishing
systems. JackKnife is your solution for creating controlled,
secure, and intuitive electronic collections accessible through
cutting edge Internet technologies.
CogniLore Access Control System (ACS) - The core function of the
ACS system is to manage access to sub segments of a complete
document collection. The CogniLore Access Control system uses a
document's (or collection of document's) hierarchical
organization to selectively manage access to granular components
within this hierarchy. In this fashion, a content owner can
determine which sections of a document or a document collection
a client is able to view, and can easily restrict access to
components of a document at any level of granularity (section,
chapter, paragraph, sentence, etc.) based on the desired
restrictions and target users (i.e. to meet a certain security
level; to sell segments of content for commercial purposes; or
to customize a user's view of a collection of documents). A
user's profile contains his subscription information (subset)
which limits his view of the content collection, ensuring that
the user is not able to access these components, and, in fact,
can be completely unaware that these components even exist
within the collection. The ACS system features a "Table of
Contents" interface that allows the user to easily browse
through the hierarchy of a content collection select the
documents they wish to view. The system also features an
intuitive subscription capability that makes creating user
collections as easy as checking off the components to which that
user (or user group) should have access. Content displayed by
the ACS can be in whatever web format is most appropriate for
the content, including HTML, XML, scripts, Flash media, images,
and typically any other type of content that can be displayed in
a web browser. This powerful ability to control segments of
content based on user authentication lends itself to many and
diverse uses. The ACS system has already been used in very
broad fashion: from integration in e-learning systems that allow
users to create customized and personalized courseware to
segmenting non-confidential and secure information and only
allowing authenticated users to access the appropriate
information. Other applications of the technology allow users
to commercially purchase access to selective segments of content
or integration with a document management system that allows
users to access the documents for which they are responsible.
Other product features include:
Easily control access to content based on the structural rules
you define for your collections.
Easily create new user subscriptions by checking document
segments to which a user will have access.
The ability to personalize documents by creating notes that
attach to document segments. These notes remain static from
session to session and can be easily identified through a note
icon shown in your subscriptions Table of Contents.
Access tracking allows a user to easily identify components
which they have previously accessed.
Access history allows a user to easily see a list of the
previous 10 documents they have viewed.
Fully customizable interface allows the site manager to
determine how the content will be presented.
Easily supports any type of Internet based document.
Designed for multi language support.
Database driven easily allows for the integration of new
features based on client requirements.
The CogniLore Simple/Easy XML Indexing System (SEXI) - This
powerful XML search and retrieval system integrates with the ACS
to allow users to easily search for context specific content
with a XML document collection. Using CogniLore XML based query
language, users can query XML documents for the contents of any
indexed tag set, resulting in rapid and highly precise search
results. By creating easy to use and intuitive web based query
forms, users can rapidly identify the terms with which they wish
to construct their queries without the requirement to remember
complex Boolean search terms and constructs. The result is
rapid identification of the documents that are most pertinent to
their query. The SEXI system is ACS aware, ensure that the
results that are returned are only within the document subset
available to end user. However, the SEXI system can also also
be implemented independent of the ACS, allowing you to integrate
XML querying into any XML based system for rapid document search
and retrieval.
Market
Market profile
Alliances:
- Sales/Marketing
- Technology
Industry sector market interests:
- Environment
- Information Technology and Telecommunications
- Medical/Biotechnology/Chemical
- Service Industry
- Transportation
- Aerospace
- Defence
Sector
Sector information
Unique applications:
The CogniLore JackKnife Electronic PublishingSystem allows your organization to take control
of its electronic assets by defining client
access to the finest levels of document
granularity and invoking powerful and rapid
context based searching capabilities. These
features allow your users to easily and
accurately locate the precise document components
they need while giving content owners exacting
control over the type of content that can be
viewed on a user by user basis. CogniLore's
JackKnife system consists of two powerful
components that work together to create extensive
yet intuitive content collections of any type,
the Access Control System (ACS) and the
Simple/Easy XML Indexing System (SEXI). When
your organization's needs go beyond creating a
collection of web pages you have entered the
domain of electronic publishing systems.
JackKnife is your solution for creating
controlled, secure, and intuitive electronic
collections accessible through cutting edge
Internet technologies.
Key / Major clients:
Office of the Secretary to the Governor General,Justice Canada, Management Board Secretariat of
Ontario, Publications Ontario, Human Resources
Development Canada, Canadian Transportation
Agency, Carswell, CompliSource, CCH, Uniform LLC,
Canadian International Trade Tribunal, Corel
Corporation, Canadian Institute for Health
Information, Legislative Counsel of Ontario.
Success stories:
Carswell - CogniLore developed, produced,maintains, and hosts Carswell's newly developed
online version of its Human Resources products
(including the Complete Human Resource Manager,
Canadian Payroll Manual in English and French,
and the Complete Payroll Manager products).
CogniLore converted these products from legacy
format to an access controlled web publishing
format while maintaining CD-ROM support from the
same data collection. CogniLore continues to
publish CD-ROM titles and invisibly maintains and
hosts a growing collection of Carswell titles
from our servers.
Corel Corporation - CogniLore developed the Corel
WordPerfect Office 2002 Web Based Training system
consisting of over 3000 bilingual lessons on the
four products that make up the Office Suite.
CogniLore used XML as the source for the data
collection managed by our own JackKnife
Electronic Publishing Technologies.
CompliSource - CogniLore produced 8 CD based
titles and created and hosted an Internet version
of these titles for CompliSource's US Regulatrory
Compliance titles. These titles were sold and
accessed by over 80 Fortune 500 clients from
across the US. Each title, hosted on CogniLore's
servers, contained hundreds of thousands of
Financial Regulations and opinions on Mortgage,
Auto, and Private loans accessed by the legal
departments of such clients as IBM, Toyota, Chase
Bank, Bank One, BMW, and GMAC.


RecHits noise with default ZS
>>> click on thumbnail to get a full-size plot
Number of noise RecHits in each HCAL subsystem
Occupancy as a function of ieta for each subdetector and each depth
Noise Emean (points) and RMS (green lines) in GeV for all subdetector channels
channel = ieta * 72 + iphi


I am BOLD
I am Italic
I am Underlined
I am Strong
I am Emphasized
I am Mark
I am Small
I am Del
I am Ins
Hello I am Dharani
Hey... How are you


Camila Cabello to release second album ‘Romance’ next month
“I wanted this album to sound like what falling love feels like."
Camila Cabello has confirmed details of her second album ‘Sophomore’, which will arrive next month.
The second album from the ‘Havana’ singer will arrive on December 6, and she’ll release ‘Living Proof’, the latest track from the album this Friday.
“I wanted this album to sound like what falling in love feels like, pretty impossible thing to do but I can say I gave it all I had,” Cabello wrote on Twitter.
“I’ve never lived as much life as I did writing this album. It was messy and beautiful, unforgettable and at times so painful I wish I could forget. It was excruciatingly consuming and impossible not to get lost in. It was mine… and now it’s yours. I hope you love it as much as I’ve loved living it.”
‘Romance’ will also feature Cabello’s previously released singles ‘Señorita’ which features Shaun Mendes, ‘Shameless,’ ‘Liar,’ ‘Cry For Me’ and ‘Easy.’
The complete track listing is yet to be released.
In September, Capello teased that new music was on the way in a new video to fans.
“I’ve learned a lot about love in my 20s, but not enough to maintain any control in the face of its power,” Cabello said in the video. “And for every new thing I learned, there was something else I couldn’t understand.”
“I thought I was making art before,” she continued. “Writing songs was me making art but now I want my life to be a work of art, and my songwriting to be the camera that I take a picture of it with.”


- generateCountText() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.controller.ExperimentController
-
Generates a standardized string stating how many trials have been completed for this experiment.
- generateRandomUri() - Static method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.ScannableTests
-
- Geolocation - Class in xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.geolocation
-
A class representing a location on earth.
- Geolocation() - Constructor for class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.geolocation.Geolocation
-
Instantiates a new empty Geolocation.
- Geolocation(Double, Double) - Constructor for class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.geolocation.Geolocation
-
Instantiates a new Geolocation.
- getAllExperiments() - Static method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.controller.ExperimentListController
-
Gets a query for getting all experiments for the given user.
- getAppContext() - Static method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.controller.ApplicationContextProvider
-
Get the app's context
- getByOrder(int) - Static method in enum xyz.kotlout.kotlout.controller.ExperimentGroup
-
Used to get enum entries by order.
- getChild(int, int) - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.adapter.ExperimentListAdapter
-
- getChild(int, int) - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.adapter.TrialListAdapter
-
- getChildId(int, int) - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.adapter.ExperimentListAdapter
-
- getChildId(int, int) - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.adapter.TrialListAdapter
-
- getChildrenCount(int) - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.adapter.ExperimentListAdapter
-
- getChildrenCount(int) - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.adapter.TrialListAdapter
-
- getChildView(int, int, boolean, View, ViewGroup) - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.adapter.ExperimentListAdapter
-
- getChildView(int, int, boolean, View, ViewGroup) - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.adapter.TrialListAdapter
-
- getCount() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.experiment.HistogramData
-
Gets the count of the trial
- getDate() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.adapter.PostAdapter.ViewHolder
-
Gets date text view.
- getDate() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.experiment.trial.BinomialInfo
-
Gets the date of the trial
- getDescription() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.experiment.Experiment
-
Gets the description of the experiment.
- getDisplayName() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.user.User
-
Gets the user display name.
- getEmail() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.user.User
-
Gets the email of the user.
- getExperimentContext() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.controller.ExperimentController
-
Gets the current Experiment object owned by the controller.
- getExperimenterId() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.experiment.trial.Trial
-
Get experimenter who did this trial.
- getExperimentId() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.controller.ExperimentController
-
Gets the document ID of the current experiment object owned by the controller.
- getExperimentType(Experiment) - Static method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.experiment.Experiment
-
Gets a string describing the type of experiment.
- getFirestore() - Static method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.controller.FirebaseController
-
Gets an instance of firestore and returns it.
- getFirstName() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.user.User
-
Gets the first name of the user.
- getGroup(int) - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.adapter.ExperimentListAdapter
-
- getGroup(int) - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.adapter.TrialListAdapter
-
- getGroupCount() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.adapter.ExperimentListAdapter
-
- getGroupCount() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.adapter.TrialListAdapter
-
- getGroupId(int) - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.adapter.ExperimentListAdapter
-
- getGroupId(int) - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.adapter.TrialListAdapter
-
- getGroupView(int, boolean, View, ViewGroup) - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.adapter.ExperimentListAdapter
-
- getGroupView(int, boolean, View, ViewGroup) - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.adapter.TrialListAdapter
-
- getId() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.experiment.Experiment
-
Gets the ID for the experiment set by Firestore.
- getItemCount() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.adapter.PostAdapter
-
- getLastName() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.user.User
-
Gets the last name of the user.
- getLatitude() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.geolocation.Geolocation
-
Get the latitude of a geolocation.
- getListTrials() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.controller.ExperimentController
-
Get a list of trials linked to this experiment.
- getLocation() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.experiment.trial.Trial
-
Get location when this trial was done.
- getLongitude() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.geolocation.Geolocation
-
Get the longitude of a geolocation..
- getMean(ArrayList<Double>) - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.experiment.StatCalculator
-
- getMedian(ArrayList<Double>) - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.experiment.StatCalculator
-
- getMinimumTrials() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.experiment.Experiment
-
Gets the minimum number of trials required for the experiment.
- getName() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.adapter.PostAdapter.ViewHolder
-
Gets name (of the poster) text view.
- getOwnerUuid() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.experiment.Experiment
-
Gets the UUID of the experiment owner.
- getParent() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.experiment.Post
-
Gets parent.
- getPhoneNumber() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.user.User
-
Gets phone number of the user.
- getPoster() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.experiment.Post
-
Gets poster.
- getPostId() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.experiment.Post
-
Gets post id.
- getQ1(ArrayList<Double>) - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.experiment.StatCalculator
-
- getQ3(ArrayList<Double>) - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.experiment.StatCalculator
-
- getRegion() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.experiment.Experiment
-
Gets the region that the experiment was started in.
- getReplies() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.adapter.PostAdapter.ViewHolder
-
Gets replies Text view.
- getResult() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.experiment.HistogramData
-
Gets the result of the trial
- getResult() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.experiment.trial.BinomialTrial
-
Get result stored in trial.
- getResult() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.experiment.trial.CountTrial
-
Get result stored in trial.
- getResult() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.experiment.trial.MeasurementTrial
-
Get result stored in trial.
- getResult() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.experiment.trial.NonNegativeTrial
-
Get result stored in trial.
- getStdDev(ArrayList<Double>) - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.experiment.StatCalculator
-
- getSubscriptions() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.user.User
-
Gets a list of IDs for experiments the user has subscribed to.
- getText() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.adapter.PostAdapter.ViewHolder
-
Gets the comment body Text view.
- getText() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.experiment.Post
-
Gets text.
- getTimestamp() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.experiment.Post
-
Gets timestamp.
- getTimestamp() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.experiment.trial.Trial
-
Get the Date at which this assignment was performed.
- getTrialFromUri(Uri) - Static method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.controller.ScannableController
-
Creates a Trial object from a given Uri
- getTrials() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.experiment.BinomialExperiment
-
Get list of trials done for this experiment
- getTrials() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.experiment.CountExperiment
-
Get list of trials done for this experiment
- getTrials() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.experiment.MeasurementExperiment
-
Get list of trials done for this experiment
- getTrials() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.experiment.NonNegativeExperiment
-
Get list of trials done for this experiment
- getTrialsCompleted() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.controller.ExperimentController
-
Returns the number of trials that this experiment has completed.
- getType() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.controller.ExperimentController
-
Get the type of the experiment handled by this controller.
- getUser() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.controller.UserController
-
- getUserDoc() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.controller.UserController
-
- getUserExperiments() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.controller.ExperimentListController
-
Gets a query for getting all experiments owned by the given user.
- getUuid() - Method in class xyz.kotlout.kotlout.model.user.User
-
Gets the uuid of the user.


Camunda Shop
Home
(current)
Shopping Bag
Common Projects
Bball High
White
$549
Maison
Future Sneakers
White
$870
Our Legacy
Brushed Scarf
Brown
$349
Delivery Address
Name
Address
Place Order


Zend Framework
LICENSE
This source file is subject to the new BSD license that is bundled with this package in the file LICENSE.txt. It is also available through the world-wide-web at this URL: http://framework.zend.com/license/new-bsd If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to obtain it through the world-wide-web, please send an email to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>so we can send you a copy immediately.
OpenID provider (server) implementation
\Zend_OpenId_Provider_Storage
$_storage= ''
Reference to an implementation of storage object
__construct(
string $loginUrl
=
null, string $trustUrl
=
null, \Zend_OpenId_Provider_User $user
=
null, \Zend_OpenId_Provider_Storage $storage
=
null, integer $sessionTtl
=
3600
)
:
void
Constructs a Zend_OpenId_Provider object with given parameters.
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $loginUrl | string | is an URL that provides login screen for end-user (by default it is the same URL with additional GET variable openid.action=login) |
| $trustUrl | string | is an URL that shows a question if end-user trust to given consumer (by default it is the same URL with additional GET variable openid.action=trust) |
| $user | \Zend_OpenId_Provider_User | is an object for communication with User-Agent and store information about logged-in user (it is a Zend_OpenId_Provider_User_Session object by default) |
| $storage | \Zend_OpenId_Provider_Storage | is an object for keeping persistent database (it is a Zend_OpenId_Provider_Storage_File object by default) |
| $sessionTtl | integer | is a default time to live for association session in seconds (1 hour by default). Consumer must reestablish association after that time. |
_associate(
float $version, array $params
)
:
array
Processes association request from OpenID consumerm generates secret shared key and send it back using Diffie-Hellman encruption.
Returns array of variables to push back to consumer.
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $version | float | OpenID version |
| $params | array | GET or POST request variables |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| array |
_checkAuthentication(
float $version, array $params
)
:
array
Performs authentication validation for dumb consumers Returns array of variables to push back to consumer.
It MUST contain 'is_valid' variable with value 'true' or 'false'.
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $version | float | OpenID version |
| $params | array | GET or POST request variables |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| array |
_checkId(
float $version, array $params, bool $immediate, mixed $extensions
=
null, \Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response
=
null
)
:
array
Performs authentication (or authentication check).
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $version | float | OpenID version |
| $params | array | GET or POST request variables |
| $immediate | bool | enables or disables interaction with user |
| $extensions | mixed | extension object or array of extensions objects |
| $response | \Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| array |
_genSecret(
string $func
)
:
mixed
Generates a secret key for given hash function, returns RAW key or false if function is not supported
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $func | string | hash function (sha1 or sha256) |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| mixed |
_respond(
float $version, array $ret, array $params, mixed $extensions
=
null
)
:
array
Perepares information to send back to consumer's authentication request and signs it using shared secret.
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $version | float | OpenID protcol version |
| $ret | array | arguments to be send back to consumer |
| $params | array | GET or POST request variables |
| $extensions | mixed | extension object or array of extensions objects |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| array |
_secureStringCompare(
string $a, string $b
)
:
bool
Securely compare two strings for equality while avoided C level memcmp() optimisations capable of leaking timing information useful to an attacker attempting to iteratively guess the unknown string (e.g. password) being compared against.
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $a | string | |
| $b | string |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| bool |
allowSite(
string $root, mixed $extensions
=
null
)
:
bool
Allows consumer with given root URL to authenticate current logged in user. Returns true on success and false on error.
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $root | string | root URL |
| $extensions | mixed | extension object or array of extensions objects |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| bool |
delSite(
string $root
)
:
bool
Delete consumer with given root URL from known sites of current logged in user. Next time this consumer will try to authenticate the user, Provider will ask user's confirmation.
Returns true on success and false on error.
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $root | string | root URL |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| bool |
denySite(
string $root
)
:
bool
Prohibit consumer with given root URL to authenticate current logged in user. Returns true on success and false on error.
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $root | string | root URL |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| bool |
getLoggedInUser(
)
:
mixed
Returns identity URL of current logged in user or false
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| mixed |
getSiteRoot(
array $params
)
:
mixed
Retrieve consumer's root URL from request query.
Returns URL or false in case of failure
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $params | array | query arguments |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| mixed |
getTrustedSites(
)
:
mixed
Returns list of known consumers for current logged in user or false if he is not logged in.
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| mixed |
handle(
array $params
=
null, mixed $extensions
=
null, \Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response
=
null
)
:
mixed
Handles HTTP request from consumer
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $params | array | GET or POST variables. If this parameter is omited or set to null, then $_GET or $_POST superglobal variable is used according to REQUEST_METHOD. |
| $extensions | mixed | extension object or array of extensions objects |
| $response | \Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract | an optional response object to perform HTTP or HTML form redirection |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| mixed |
hasUser(
string $id
)
:
bool
Returns true if user with given $id exists and false otherwise
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $id | string | user identity URL |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| bool |
login(
string $id, string $password
)
:
bool
Performs login of user with given $id and $password Returns true in case of success and false otherwise
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $id | string | user identity URL |
| $password | string | user password |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| bool |
register(
string $id, string $password
)
:
bool
Registers a new user with given $id and $password Returns true in case of success and false if user with given $id already exists
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $id | string | user identity URL |
| $password | string | encoded user password |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| bool |
respondToConsumer(
array $params, mixed $extensions
=
null, \Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response
=
null
)
:
bool
Perepares information to send back to consumer's authentication request, signs it using shared secret and send back through HTTP redirection
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| $params | array | GET or POST request variables |
| $extensions | mixed | extension object or array of extensions objects |
| $response | \Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract | an optional response object to perform HTTP or HTML form redirection |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| bool |


URLRequest
struct URLRequest : ReferenceConvertible, Equatable, Hashable
-
Creates and initializes a URLRequest with the given URL sting, cache policy and timeoutInterval. Returns
nil
if aURL
cannot be formed with the string (for example, if the string contains characters that are illegal in a URL, or is an empty string).let url = URL(string: "https://www.google.com") let urlRequest = URLRequest(string: "https://www.google.com") print(urlRequest == URLRequest(url: url!)) // Prints "true"
Declaration
Swift
init?(string: String, cachePolicy: URLRequest.CachePolicy = .useProtocolCachePolicy, timeoutInterval: TimeInterval = 60.0)
Parameters
string
The URL string for the request.
cachePolicy
The cache policy for the request. Defaults to
.useProtocolCachePolicy
.timeoutInterval
The timeout interval for the request. Defaults to 60.0.
-
Creates and initializes a URLRequest with the given URL sting, relative to another URL, cache policy and timeoutInterval. Returns
nil
if aURL
cannot be formed with the string (for example, if the string contains characters that are illegal in a URL, or is an empty string).let baseURL = URL(string: "https://www.google.com") let url = URL(string: "search?q=iPhone", relativeTo: baseURL) let urlRequest = URLRequest(string: "search?q=iPhone", relativeTo: baseURL) print(urlRequest == URLRequest(url: url!)) // Prints "true"
Declaration
Swift
init?(string: String, relativeTo url: URL?, cachePolicy: URLRequest.CachePolicy = .useProtocolCachePolicy, timeoutInterval: TimeInterval = 60.0)
Parameters
string
The URL string for the request.
url
another URL.
cachePolicy
The cache policy for the request. Defaults to
.useProtocolCachePolicy
.timeoutInterval
The timeout interval for the request. Defaults to 60.0.
-
Creates and initializes a URLRequest with the given URL sting, HTTPHeaderFields, cache policy and timeoutInterval. Returns
nil
if aURL
cannot be formed with the string (for example, if the string contains characters that are illegal in a URL, or is an empty string).Declaration
Swift
init?(string: String, httpHeaderFields: [String: String], cachePolicy: URLRequest.CachePolicy = .useProtocolCachePolicy, timeoutInterval: TimeInterval = 60.0)
Parameters
string
The URL string for the request.
httpHeaderFields
HTTPHeaderFields.
cachePolicy
The cache policy for the request. Defaults to
.useProtocolCachePolicy
.timeoutInterval
The timeout interval for the request. Defaults to 60.0.
-
Sets the HTTP header fields with a dictionary.
let url = URL(string: "https://www.google.com") var urlRequest = URLRequest(url: url!) let httpHeaderFields = ["Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8"] urlRequest.setHTTPHeaderFields(httpHeaderFields) print(urlRequest.value(forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type") == "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8") // Prints "true"
Declaration
Swift
mutating func setHTTPHeaderFields(_ fields: [String : String])
Parameters
fields
A dictionary containing the HTTP header fields.


CIW JavaScript Specialist
Click here to watch the text below change with AJAX!
Here is the old text.


Class: Concurrent::Channel::Tick
- Inherits:
-
Synchronization::Object
- Object
- Synchronization::Object
- Concurrent::Channel::Tick
- Includes:
- Comparable
- Defined in:
- lib/concurrent/channel/tick.rb
Overview
A convenience class representing a single moment in monotonic time. Returned by Concurrent::Channel tickers and timers when they resolve.
Includes Comparable
and can be compared to monotonic_time, UTC
time, or epoch time.
Constant Summary
- STRING_FORMAT =
'%F %T.%6N %z %Z'.freeze
Instance Attribute Summary (collapse)
-
- (undocumented) monotonic
readonly
Returns the value of attribute monotonic.
-
- (undocumented) utc
readonly
Returns the value of attribute utc.
Instance Method Summary (collapse)
- - (undocumented) <=>(other)
- - (undocumented) epoch
-
- (Tick) initialize(tick = Concurrent.monotonic_time)
constructor
A new instance of Tick.
- - (undocumented) to_s
Constructor Details
- (Tick) initialize(tick = Concurrent.monotonic_time)
Returns a new instance of Tick
25 26 27 28 |
# File 'lib/concurrent/channel/tick.rb', line 25 def initialize(tick = Concurrent.monotonic_time) @monotonic = tick @utc = monotonic_to_utc(tick).freeze end |
Instance Attribute Details
- (undocumented) monotonic (readonly)
Returns the value of attribute monotonic
23 24 25 |
# File 'lib/concurrent/channel/tick.rb', line 23 def monotonic @monotonic end |
- (undocumented) utc (readonly)
Returns the value of attribute utc
23 24 25 |
# File 'lib/concurrent/channel/tick.rb', line 23 def utc @utc end |
Instance Method Details
- (undocumented) <=>(other)
38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 |
# File 'lib/concurrent/channel/tick.rb', line 38 def <=>(other) if other.is_a? Numeric @monotonic <=> other elsif other.is_a? Time @utc <=> other.utc elsif other.is_a? Tick @monotonic <=> other.monotonic else nil end end |
- (undocumented) epoch
30 31 32 |
# File 'lib/concurrent/channel/tick.rb', line 30 def epoch @utc.to_f end |
- (undocumented) to_s
34 35 36 |
# File 'lib/concurrent/channel/tick.rb', line 34 def to_s @utc.strftime(STRING_FORMAT) end |


(Originally published on OUBS Blog)
The book starts with Agenti’s (1980) corporate planning process. This goes through five stages, from target setting, gap analysis, strategic appraisal, strategy formulation to strategy implementation. There is a good figure on page 6-6 for this one. In essence it says that analysis should preceed choice and choice should preceed implementation.
In reality, Johnson and Scholes (1993) argue that choice, analysis and implementation are overlapping process of the entire process and only in a deliberate strategy do they follow one after the other.
Time is a crucial competitive advantage when moving from part to part of the process, to be able to learn. Value chain analysis can help in speeding up the process.
To speed things up you either need to complete each process faster or do them next to each other at the same time. There is a list of Eccles’ factors for strategic change on page 6-11
strategic decisions
As of Simon (1977) at the heart of strategic management lies the concept of making decisions to reach corporate objectives. This leads to the decision making process in which you need to first recognize that a decision needs to be made, search for information, evaluate that information, decide and then to a post decision evaluation. There are a number of ways to come to a decisions though.
- Nesting: breaking it down into smaller decisions
- Snowballing: minor decisions develop into a strategy
- Recurrence: you take the same decision, or look to take it, several times over
Impediments and delays (as of Hickson et al.) come from: - sequencing: other issues believed to be more important - co-ordinating: waiting for resources - timing - searching: waiting for information - problem solving - supplying: waiting for availability of resources - recycling: reconsidering earlier decisions - internal resistance - external resistance
Not all decisions are alike. Constricted decisions involve many sources of expertise but no additional information is looked for. Sporadic decisions are characterised by delays and impediments and flued decisions involve variable information, negotiation, senior management involvement and need less time.
Patterns of strategic decisions
Mintzberg and Water (1985) define strategy as "a pattern in a stream of actions".
Politics, MacMillan (1978) defines them as processes where actors try to influence to reach their goals, is part of strategy formulation. You should: - analyse the power and influence of each stakeholder group - determine allies and opponents - negotiate with allies - formulate offensive and defensive strategies for opponents
Power can be used to restructure situations, influence and modify the perceptions of others. Power and influence together determine political ability.
Morgen (1986) identified the following power bases: - formal authority - control of scarce resources - organisational structures and procedures - control of decision process - control of knowledge and information - boundary management - ability to manage uncertainty - control of technology - alliances and information networks - countervailing power - symbolism and the management of meaning - gender power
To find allies and opponents you can use the actor/issue matrix, which puts the issues in relation to the actors. You can also use a relationship matrix to find out who will support whom. Force field analysis is another important point, which shows you forces for and against change.
A tactician will try to find reasons and sourclles of opposition trying to reduce them.
Political strategy formulation goes through the following steps: - set objectives you can reach against opposition - select allies - use political capability as bargaining base - do not accept an agreement with an allie that achieves less than acting alone - select a compination of allies - match your and your allies strenght and weakneses against those of your opponents
When preparing for negoations, MacMillan (1978) suggest to: - collect relevant facts beforehand - classify them in relation to issues likely to arrise - clarify and prioritise objectives - choose sequence - choose strategy for negotiation
Three factors must be kept in mind: - timing - information - options available
Strategies are often developed in incremental processes, as it needs to adapt to outside and internal changes. The strategiest needs to be able to look outside even though there will be a lot of negotiation and bargaining inside of the company.
There are three ways that a strategy can develop. Through: 1 leadership, participative or authoritarian, using - involvement and participation - education and communication - support and facilitation - negotiation - manipulateing - co-opt - coerce
The style needs to fit the circumstance and it has a great influence on the culture of the organisation.
2 culture Myths and stories communicate a collective experience. Managers develop similar menthal models, which leads to resistance with models not consistent with their own.
3 Enforced choice This is illustrated in Mintzberg’s imposed strategy
The strategy development process has been put into an integrated model by Bailey and Johnson (1995), which includes six dimensions of strategy development: Planning, Political, Incrementalism, Command, Cultural, Enforced choice. In each company there are different degrees of the different dimensions.
Strategic Thinking
Weick and Roberts (1993) argue that strategic thinking is not only about the right mental model and cognitive style, but also about a feeling for actions and mental models of others.
Organisational Learning
Organisations that are learning more successfully build a greater pool of capabilities. Walsh and Ungson (1991) found six sources of information that can be learning from: - culture, with heroes, symbols, … can be guiding - transformations can be copied - structures (specialist knowledge) - ecology, physical floor layout holds information about status for example - external archives - individuals
Watching individuals actions are likely one of the most important points of learning in an organisation.
Management writing is an external source but it needs to be tailored to the own organisation.
Single-loop learning means changing your mental models incrementally. Double-loop learning is about re-evaluating our mental models and radical change. We kind of evaluate our way of evaluating too.
Learning organisations try to promote learning at all levels of the organisation. Schein (1992) believes that the learning culture needs: - belief that the strategic environment can be influenced - encouragement to solve problems proactively - everyone can be questioned - there is no best way - look into the future - open communication - diversity with communication - acceptance of complexity


Jeremiah 4:14
O Jerusalem, wash thine heart from wickedness, that thou mayest be saved. How long shall thy vain thoughts lodge within thee?


Default MFK input
MFK input with a readonly field
MFK input with a default field
| mfkString
| whoKeyString


Basic Rings#
When defining matrices, vectors, or polynomials, it is sometimes useful and sometimes necessary to specify the “ring” over which it is defined. A ring is a mathematical construction in which there are well-behaved notions of addition and multiplication; if you’ve never heard of them before, you probably just need to know about these four commonly used rings:
the integers \(\{..., -1, 0, 1, 2, ...\}\), called
ZZ
in Sage.the rational numbers – i.e., fractions, or ratios, of integers – called
QQ
in Sage.the real numbers, called
RR
in Sage.the complex numbers, called
CC
in Sage.
You may need to know about these distinctions because the same polynomial, for example, can be treated differently depending on the ring over which it is defined. For instance, the polynomial \(x^2-2\) has two roots, \(\pm \sqrt{2}\). Those roots are not rational, so if you are working with polynomials with rational coefficients, the polynomial won’t factor. With real coefficients, it will. Therefore you may want to specify the ring to insure that you are getting the information you expect. The following two commands defines the sets of polynomials with rational coefficients and real coefficients, respectively. The sets are named “ratpoly” and “realpoly”, but these aren’t important here; however, note that the strings “.<t>” and “.<z>” name the variables used in the two cases.
sage: ratpoly.<t> = PolynomialRing(QQ)
sage: realpoly.<z> = PolynomialRing(RR)
Now we illustrate the point about factoring \(x^2-2\):
sage: factor(t^2-2)
t^2 - 2
sage: factor(z^2-2)
(z - 1.41421356237310) * (z + 1.41421356237310)
Similar comments apply to matrices: the row-reduced form of a matrix can depend on the ring over which it is defined, as can its eigenvalues and eigenvectors. For more about constructing polynomials, see Polynomials, and for more about matrices, see Linear Algebra.
The symbol I
represents the square root of \(-1\); i
is a
synonym for I
. Of course, this is not a rational number:
sage: i # square root of -1
I
sage: i in QQ
False
Note: The above code may not work as expected if the variable i
has been assigned a different value, for example, if it was used
as a loop variable. If this is the case, type
sage: reset('i')
to get the original complex value of i
.
There is one subtlety in defining complex numbers: as mentioned above,
the symbol i
represents a square root of \(-1\), but it is a
formal square root of \(-1\) as an algebraic number. Calling CC(i)
or CC.0
or CC.gen(0)
returns the complex square root of \(-1\).
Arithmetic involving different kinds of numbers is possible by
so-called coercion, see Parents, Conversion and Coercion.
sage: i = CC(i) # floating point complex number
sage: i == CC.0
True
sage: a, b = 4/3, 2/3
sage: z = a + b*i
sage: z
1.33333333333333 + 0.666666666666667*I
sage: z.imag() # imaginary part
0.666666666666667
sage: z.real() == a # automatic coercion before comparison
True
sage: a + b
2
sage: 2*b == a
True
sage: parent(2/3)
Rational Field
sage: parent(4/2)
Rational Field
sage: 2/3 + 0.1 # automatic coercion before addition
0.766666666666667
sage: 0.1 + 2/3 # coercion rules are symmetric in Sage
0.766666666666667
Here are more examples of basic rings in Sage. As noted above, the
ring of rational numbers may be referred to using QQ
, or also
RationalField()
(a field is a ring in
which the multiplication is commutative and in which every nonzero
element has a reciprocal in that ring, so the rationals form a field,
but the integers don’t):
sage: RationalField()
Rational Field
sage: QQ
Rational Field
sage: 1/2 in QQ
True
The decimal number 1.2
is considered to be in QQ
: decimal numbers
which happen to also be rational can be “coerced” into the rational
numbers (see Parents, Conversion and Coercion). The numbers \(\pi\) and \(\sqrt{2}\)
are not rational, though:
sage: 1.2 in QQ
True
sage: pi in QQ
False
sage: pi in RR
True
sage: sqrt(2) in QQ
False
sage: sqrt(2) in CC
True
For use in higher mathematics, Sage also knows about other rings, such as finite fields, \(p\)-adic integers, the ring of algebraic numbers, polynomial rings, and matrix rings. Here are constructions of some of these:
sage: GF(3)
Finite Field of size 3
sage: GF(27, 'a') # need to name the generator if not a prime field
Finite Field in a of size 3^3
sage: Zp(5)
5-adic Ring with capped relative precision 20
sage: sqrt(3) in QQbar # algebraic closure of QQ
True