by Dori Smith
In my previous column, I showed how to do a simple image rollover. In the real world, however, it's rare that you're going to ever have just one rollover on a page. In this column, we'll cover how to add multiple rollovers to your Web page. Let's start off by looking at the code (which you can see in action here):
  <title>Rollover Script</title>

If you've read my previous column, most of this should look pretty familiar. If not, go back and review it first.
if (document.images) { button1Red = new Image button1Blue = new Image button2Red = new Image button2Blue = new Image button1Red.src = "images/redButton1.gif" button1Blue.src = "images/blueButton1.gif" button2Red.src = "images/redButton2.gif" button2Blue.src = "images/blueButton2.gif" }
This code is similar to that from last time, except that now, we've gone from two image objects to four. You'll need to have two image objects per rollover, so where previously we had two image objects to handle one rollover, we now need four image objects to handle the two rollovers in this example. Two image objects are needed because two different images are displayed per rollover: the on version, and the off version.
In this area of the code, we start by creating the four new image objects, and then the src
(read as "source") property of each is initialized to the location of the image file itself, relative to the web page. As always, we only want to do this if the browser itself supports image manipulation via JavaScript, so we start off by checking to see if document.images
exists.
function chgImg(imgField,newImg) {
Here, we start to create our first JavaScript function. A function is a group of lines of code that you're going to want to use over and over again. You define a function by starting with the word function
followed by the name of the function, in this case, chgImg
.
The name of the function is followed by a set of parentheses, and inside the parentheses are zero or more parameters. A parameter is some information passed into the function for the function to act upon, and the parameters are separated by commas. In this case, we're passing two parameters, imgField
and newImg
. When the chgImg
function is called (as you'll see later) it can be passed any string values as parameters, but inside the function the parameters are always referred to by these names.
The function then starts off with an open brace, just like the way the code is contained within an if
statement and for the same reason: everything within the braces is what's going to be executed by JavaScript.
if (document.images) {
Again, we only want to do the code inside this function if the user's browser is capable of handling images via JavaScript.
document[imgField].src = eval(newImg + ".src")
Here's where the rollover actually happens.
The imgChg
function is passed two parameters: imgField
and newImg
. The former is the name of the image to be changed, and the latter is the image object that is to replace is. We're using a handy little JavaScript trick here, in that JavaScript thinks that document.myButton
is the same thing as document["myButton"]
. Because of this, changing document["myButton"].src
is exactly the same thing as changing document.myButton.src
(as we did in the previous column).
On the right side of the assignment statement, we're creating an image object on the fly by using JavaScript's eval
method. This method takes in a string, evaluates it (hence the name eval), and returns a result of that string turned into an object. So, if newImg
is the string "redButton"
, we take that and concatenate the string ".src"
onto the end of it, resulting in the string "redButton.src"
. The eval
method then evaluates that string, and returns the actual image object redButton.src
.
Setting document["myButton"].src
to redButton.src
would cause the red version of myButton
to appear, assuming that there was an image named myButton on the page, and that redButton
had been created as a new image and the src
property had been set to the appropriate image file.

Here's the actual image on the Web page, which has been given the name button1. The chgImg function is called by both the onMouseover
and onMouseout
event handlers, both of which pass 'button1'
as their first parameter. The second parameter is the version of the button that we want to display after the event has taken place, and so, onMouseover
passes 'button1Red'
in this place. This means that whenever the user's cursor moves over the button1
image, the red version of the button (as stored in button1Red.src
, above) will be displayed. And as you might expect by this point, the onMouseout
event handler passes 'button1Blue'
as its second parameter, which will cause the blue version of the button to be redisplayed when the cursor moves off of button1
.

And here's the last piece of code, which looks very similar to the previous piece. The only differences are in the name of the image itself (which is then passed as the first parameter to the imgChg
function), and the appropriate red or blue image object for the second button, which is passed as the second parameter to imgChg
.
In this same fashion, you can add as many buttons to the page as you want. All you need to do is create two new image objects in the head (and set them to the correct file names), and then add your anchor
and img
tags directly to the page.


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--- layout: post title: Raw data as oxymoron date: 2012-05-22 07:35:32.000000000 +05:30 categories: [] tags: [] status: publish type: post published: true meta: quote-copy: ! '"Raw data is both an oxymoron and a bad idea; to the contrary, data should be cooked with care."' quote-author: Geoffrey Bowker, 2005 tmac_last_id: '343178680006221825' pvc_views: '1829' _jetpack_related_posts_cache: a:1:{s:32:"8f6677c9d6b0f903e98ad32ec61f8deb";a:2:{s:7:"expires";i:1434525303;s:7:"payload";a:3:{i:0;a:1:{s:2:"id";i:3952;}i:1;a:1:{s:2:"id";i:1091;}i:2;a:1:{s:2:"id";i:1967;}}}} _edit_last: '4' name: Raw data as oxymoron _wpcom_is_markdown: '1' dsq_thread_id: '3627304176' author: login: cvlewis email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: Carl V. Lewis first_name: Carl V. last_name: Lewis excerpt: !ruby/object:Hpricot::Doc options: {} ---
[su_quote cite="Geoffrey Bowker" url="http://mitpress.mit.edu/books/raw-data-oxymoron"]"Raw data is both an oxymoron and a bad idea; to the contrary, data should be cooked with care."[/su_quote]
Bowker was spot on in his comments made last week at Columbia Journalism School. I can't tell you how many times I've had to make order out of chaos from "raw data," i.e. unintelligible, inaccurate spreadsheets.


Id: 29
Name: Dorian 5
Type: Planet
Dimension: Replacement Dimension
Residents: ['https://rickandmortyapi.com/api/character/93', 'https://rickandmortyapi.com/api/character/104', 'https://rickandmortyapi.com/api/character/198']
Url: https://rickandmortyapi.com/api/location/29
Created: 2017-12-01T11:36:16.463Z


Photo credit : Alex Tran.
My name is Ariel Harlap and I'm a technology and design, non-profit and social innovation consultant. I spent the first part of my career in the private sector, as a research geologist, a data scientist, a director of hi-tech research & development director, and product designer.
I now support the community and social innovation sectors, drawing on my diverse experiences in order to:


{WARN_MESSAGE}
{L_DOL_GAME_PENDING_DESC}
| {L_DOL_GAME_HEADER_ACCOUNTNAME} | {L_DOL_GAME_HEADER_TOKEN} | {L_DOL_GAME_HEADER_REALM} | {L_DOL_GAME_HEADER_CREATED} | {L_DOL_GAME_HEADER_LASTLOGIN} | {L_DOL_GAME_HEADER_ACTIONS} |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {Y_Account_Pending.AccountName} | {Y_Account_Pending.Token} | {Y_Account_Pending.Realm} | {Y_Account_Pending.CreationDate} | {Y_Account_Pending.LastLogin} |
{L_DOL_GAME_NOPENDING}
{L_DOL_GAME_CREATEACC_DESC}
{L_DOL_GAME_VALIDATED_DESC}
| {L_DOL_GAME_HEADER_PLAYERNAME} | {L_DOL_GAME_HEADER_RACECLASS} | {L_DOL_GAME_HEADER_GUILD} | {L_DOL_GAME_HEADER_LEVEL} | {L_DOL_GAME_HEADER_REALMRANK} | {L_DOL_GAME_HEADER_MASTERLEVEL} | {L_DOL_GAME_HEADER_CHAMPIONLEVEL} | {L_DOL_GAME_HEADER_PLAYED} | {L_DOL_GAME_HEADER_LASTPLAYED} | {L_DOL_GAME_HEADER_ACTIONS} |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
{Y_Account_Validated.AccountName}{L_DOL_GAME_HEADER_REALM}: {Y_Account_Validated.Realm} {L_DOL_GAME_HEADER_CREATED}: {Y_Account_Validated.CreationDate} {L_DOL_GAME_HEADER_LASTLOGIN}: {Y_Account_Validated.LastLogin} | |||||||||
| {L_DOL_GAME_HEADER_PLAYERNAME} | {L_DOL_GAME_HEADER_RACECLASS} | {L_DOL_GAME_HEADER_GUILD} | {L_DOL_GAME_HEADER_LEVEL} | {L_DOL_GAME_HEADER_REALMRANK} | {L_DOL_GAME_HEADER_MASTERLEVEL} | {L_DOL_GAME_HEADER_CHAMPIONLEVEL} | {L_DOL_GAME_HEADER_PLAYED} | {L_DOL_GAME_HEADER_LASTPLAYED} | {L_DOL_GAME_HEADER_ACTIONS} |
| {Y_Account_Validated.Players.Name} {Y_Account_Validated.Players.LastName} | {Y_Account_Validated.Players.Race} {Y_Account_Validated.Players.Class} | {Y_Account_Validated.Players.GuildName} | {Y_Account_Validated.Players.Level} | {Y_Account_Validated.Players.RealmRank} | {Y_Account_Validated.Players.MasterLevel} | {Y_Account_Validated.Players.ChampionLevel} | {Y_Account_Validated.Players.PlayedTime} | {Y_Account_Validated.Players.LastPlayed} |


Please Choose A Search
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{% for data in form %}
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Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
30 mins to 1 hour
Serves
Serves 4-6
Spice up your seafood with this flavourful Bengali fish stew.
Wash the seafood and pat dry with kitchen paper. Sprinkle the seafood, potatoes, aubergine and tomatoes with salt and vegetable oil. Sprinkle over the sugar and spices, cover and place in the fridge.
Meanwhile for the broth, heat the oil in a large pan over a high heat. Once hot, add the cardamom pods, peppercorns, bay leaves, onion seeds and fennel seeds and let them crackle. Add the onions and cook over a high heat until they are golden-brown, this should take about 10 minutes.
Add the turmeric, chilli powder and cumin and gently fry for 1 minute. Add the tomatoes and chillies and gently fry for 3 minutes. Add the fish stock, salt and sugar. Reduce the heat and simmer for 10 minutes.
Add the coriander and lemon juice and cook for 2 minutes. Pass the broth through a sieve and stir in the ground cardamom. Keep warm.
Heat a large non-stick pan. Add the seafood mixture, except the lobster and squid. Cook over a moderate heat for 2 minutes.
Add the lobster and cook for another minute or so. Add the squid rings and as they colour, turn the mixture over in the pan. Cook the other side for another 2 minutes until the seafood and vegetables are just cooked.
Remove from the pan and place in a large serving bowl. Sprinkle with the coriander cress and pour over the broth. Serve immediately with basmati rice.


Repeat Each will repeat through each item in the variable you supply it. Available Variables within repeat 1. Repeat Index 2. Repeat Item ## Syntax
repeatEach(<#Variable#>) { •Actions• }
repeatEach(assignments) { quicklook(Repeat Item) }


Created by:
Kit Fisto
GitHub Username/URL:
greensaber
Level 2 Test for:
Java
Enter a positive integer in the space provided and numbers from 1 to your number will be displayed, some "ping-ponging" according to the following:


ISBN: {{book.ISBN}}
Publisher: {{book.publisher}}
Publication: {{book.publication | date: 'dd/MM/YYYY'}}
Number of pages: {{book.pages}}
Qty: {{qty}}
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mice SFTSV DNA viral antigens cell OpenUrl PMID: immunized IFNAR protein cells //. Epub using vaccine antibody infection protection CrossRef lethal encoding responses sera Fig. vaccines <; Central PMCID: S.D. vaccination IL- Gc, Kim PMCPMC. antibodies antigen complete mean antigen-specific immunity immunization neutralizing plasmid protective thrombocytopenia titers Gn-Fc challenge gene recombinant specific Gc-Fc fever mice. panel) weeks weight USA) fusion genes human indicated infected supernatants virus (left (right Fig FltL IgG USA). analysis cellular higher immune pSFTSV-IL provide syndrome vaccinated (A) (B) Abstract SFTS fused induced infection. pSFTSV platelet proteins severe significantly transfected (mean FREE Severe Text analyzed body cloned collected counts culture failed flow media purified used <;em>;p<;/em>; (BD CA, DNAs FFU HEK Vaccination confirmed control determined enhance examined expression incubated levels observed response role summarized times titer vaccination. vector vector-immunized Data ELISA Expression Gn, NP-NS Park Republic Viral activity antigens, challenged dots, glycoproteins, line, measured murine new no. partial relatively significant survival (Gibco) Blood Cells Download NHC. National Open SFTSV. WOS:. addition, cell-mediated cells, challenge, compared containing data-hide-link-title=""> data-icon-position="" different enhanced extracellular figure high immunity. induce infection, mice, model neutralization order performed plasmids promote protection. provided rates reported respectively. signal splenocytes tab <;em>;n<;/em>; (D) (black (blue (dashed (red ;<;div A). Animal CD<;sup>;<;/sup>; Cut-off Error Fever Germany). However, IFN-γ IL-α Immunization Infect JGK Kwak NS, O.D. Seongnam, Survival Syndrome Thrombocytopenia Vaccine according added assay assessed changes clinical cytometric days diluents) domain dose dots) effective efficacy emerging focus generated glycoprotein individual interferon kDa), knockout ligand loads lost lysates manufacturer’s membranes mouse optimal pGX panels) plaques plasma presented presented. provides rabbit reduction results s.c. samples sera, single statistically study, subcutaneously suggesting target time type vaccines, vaccines. xmlns=";http://www.w.org//xhtml";>;<;span


--- layout: post authors: ["Mike Jackson"] title: Bootcamp in Bristol, September 12-13, 2013 date: 2013-06-15 time: "09:00:00" tags: ["University of Bristol"] ---
Our bootcamp at the University of Bristol on September 12-13, 2013, is now open for registration. Please register here if you would like to take part.


Landing Page
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This story is part of a series of specially designed stories that represents some of the best journalism The Post has to offer. Check out the rest of the special projects here.
TAYLOR JOHNSTON
05.25.17
Many incoming Ohio University freshmen move away from home for the first time when they get to college and might be at a complete loss of what they need to pack.
OU’s move-in guide lists more than 50 items to bring to campus, but not all of those items are needed.
1. Plates and utensils
I wrongly assumed I would be eating all meals in the dining halls. At least half the time, I ended up getting my food to go and eating in my dorm. The dining halls provide plastic utensils, but I got silverware to avoid creating unnecessary waste. Plates and bowls are useful for the same reason, plus they’re good for putting in the microwave.
2. Your bike
Lauren Bacho | FILE
(Left to right) Cady Hall, Foster House and Brough House located on South Green.
You can get anywhere on OU’s campus in less than 15 minutes on foot, but a bike helps speed up the process. And it’s always fun to simply take a bike ride, even if you don’t have a destination in mind. Don’t forget to bring a bike lock, too.
3. A carpet or rug
Bringing a rug wasn’t even on my radar when I was packing. Thankfully, my roommate brought a rug that covered most of the floor. I don’t know what we would have done without it. Dorm rooms have tile flooring that get cold in the winter, and I wouldn’t have wanted to walk barefoot.
4. Shower shoes
That being said, you will need a pair of cheap flip-flops to wear in the shower or to simply walk around your residence hall. I was always disgusted when I noticed the girl in the bathroom stall next to me was barefoot. Don’t be that person.
5. A keychain
A keychain or lanyard is the quintessential freshman identifier, so don’t wear it around your neck. Still, it was extremely useful for me to have my Ohio ID and my room key in one consolidated area, as you need both to get into your residence hall. If you lose either, it will cost $12 for a new Ohio ID and $95 for a new room key. A keychain can help save you that trouble.
1. A television
Everyone I know who brought a TV said they ended up not using it — same with the kids who brought a gaming console. The residence halls have TVs in their lobbies, which helps with making friends. For shows that I couldn’t bear missing, I was able to stream them online.
2. Your car
Every underclassman I knew who brought a car to campus ended up rarely using it. They had to pay for a parking passes in remote locations. One of my friends had to go on a 20-minute bike ride to get to his car. If you live on campus, bringing your car with you is essentially a money hole.
3. Ohio State University apparel
It should be obvious, but not everyone realizes it’s unnecessary to bring other schools’ merchandise to campus with you. By that same token, your wardrobe doesn’t need to be entirely made up of OU gear and nothing else, either.
4. Pets
Several girls on my floor brought small pets with them, but that is against the Housing Student Handbook. All animals, except fish, are not allowed in residence halls, according to the handbook. That does not, however, apply to a service or an approved emotional support animal.
5. A mop
I went all year without using mine.
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Alone.js Demo
Requirements
Site must be loaded via https or localhost
`alone.js` must be placed in root folder.


WITNESS LIST Nominations Committee April 21, 1997-2:00P LCRA For: Arthur J. Milberger (himself), Bay City Frederick L. Henneke (himself), Kerrville Gale Lincke (herself), La Grange Gay Warren Gaddis (herself), Austin Hilda C. Kroll (herself), Johnson City John J. Weidner (himself), Brownwood Pamela R. Akins (herself), Marble Falls Patricia J. Kirk (herself), San Saba Peter Pincoffs (himself), Austin Steve D. Rivers (himself), Bastrop Tx Board of Nursing Facility Admin. For: Audrey G. Williamson (herself), Elgin Jack R. Tinsley (himself), Frisco Jerry Turner (himself), Hillsboro Ramona Kennedy (herself), Flower Mound


A big-picture map of the walkthrough is available in PDF format. It should be included in with the main file bundle.
This has been checked several times. I hope it works out and doesn't spoil too much.
Note: you can get a demerit by dropping the tickety. That means one less demerit to get the hard way. You can also say hello and goodbye to Erin twice, and that will creep her out, getting the Stool Toad after you. You can also go a "can't go that way" in the Joint Strip several times.
Main Area
Now you need to help the three brothers guarding Freak Control so they have something better to do. It doesn't matter who goes first, so let's start with Brother Blood. The numbers indicate when the game gives you a point.
Brother Blood
>n
>n
>w
>talk to buddy
>1
>1
>1 (kicks you out, but you don't need to go back. You just need the Circular)
>s
>s
>w
>w
>n
>x hedge
>y (note: this helps with the Brother Big quest later too)
>s
>e
>e
>e
>give circular to petty (1/1)
>e
>give seed to monkey (1/2)
>give contract to monkey (1/3)
>w
>w
>w
>w
>w
>give blossom to faith (1/4)
>e
>e
>e
>n
>n
>give mind to brother blood (1/5)
>s
>s (Obviously you don't have to, but by the Jerks where we started is a good central point)
Brother Soul
Brother Soul takes about the same time.
>n
>e
>get string (not necessary here but saves turns)
>in
>talk to penn
>1
>2
>2
>y
>2
>2
>out
>w
>s
>s
>e
>give weed to fritz (1/6)
>w
>n
>n
>e
>in
>give penny to penn (1/7)
>out
>w
>w
>put pot in vent (1/8)
>x vent
>open vent
>e
>n
>give light to brother soul (1/9)
>s
>s
Brother Big
Brother Big presents the (ahem) biggest problem. You already solved part of his quest when you got through Brother Blood, because you need to get behind the Pyramid for them both.
>w
>w
>put string in hole (1/10)
>n
>n
>y
>get sound safe
>x finger (this should be recalled with THINK)
>s
>s
>e
>e
>n
>e
>e
>open safe (1/11)
>talk to story fish (1/12)
>get poetic wax
>w
>n
>put wax in machine (1/13)
>s
>w
>s
>e
>e
>give hat to sly moore (1/14)
>w
>w
>w
>w
>in
>give trap rattle to lee (1/15)
>out
>e
>e
>n
>n
>give trade to brother big (1/16)
>s
>s
The Jerks
Now you just need to get to Freak Control. Those Jerks may be where it's at. This is a logic puzzle you can solve by brute force (poke each jerk with each possible accusation until they shy away from you. That's the right one.) or you can read the Labor Child's Finger Index. Everything is scrambled randomly each game. You also have plenty of ways to cheat. LISTEN tracks if you are demoralizing the jerks. (1/17)
Each letter in the Finger Index refers to a specific jerk, and this can be deduced logically.
Similarly, you could also see Cain Reyes must be *, because he has none of the letters in common with JMDKTL. Then Warner Dyer can only be D. Wash White can only be T. Silly Boris can only be L. That cuts things down a lot.
You could also give the mint to one of these guys, making it easier to track everything down. For instance, if you gave the mint to Warm Luke, he'd reveal himself as M, thus making Paul Kast K and leaving J for Dandy Jim.
Now there are two ways through. One just has you escape. The other rallies Idiot Village behind you.
Good Ending
>n
>n
>drink quiz pop
>n
>FREAK OUT (note: there's another way, with identical results, listed in the best ending) (1/18)
>1
>1
>1
>1
>1
>1
>1
>1
Okay, so now Alec is by a Worm Ring, but what to do with it? If only it were a Whole Worm. You need to do something to the ring...and any of the three below will work.
>CHANGE RING (1/19)
>HOLLOW RING
>TONE RING
Best Ending
Here, Alec needs to deal with the Thoughts Idol. But he can't face it as-is. Now, the paper and terminal can be completed at any time, but let's nail them down now.
>w
>enter paper
If Alec just chases right off, he is just behind. The basic idea of this puzzle is to lose a turn. Fortunately, Alec can go diagonally, and that makes all the difference. Here is one way.
>se
>se
>se
Now Alec is an even number of turns away from Percy. He can pretty much run at Percy, who will always run away when Alec gets close. So you don't have to worry about, say, if Alec is NW and goes E-W-E-W and Percy goes W-E-W-E.
>d
The Insanity Terminal is trickier. Eight questions, six answers. It turns out the answer is A BAD FACE.
>d
The notes crib below in A Great Den gives hints for the game, but the crocked half is more important. Half of what? Well, if you drew its mirror image, you get an eight pointed star.  Each is equally good.
Clockwise:
>e
>nw
>s
>ne
>w
>se
>n
>sw
Clockwise:
>e
>nw
>s
>ne
>w
>se
>n
>sw
With the Idol destroyed, you can go back to Freak Control.
>w
>w
>n
>n
>drink quiz pop
>n
>TRIP POWER (1/18)
>1
>1
>1
>1
>1
>1
>1
>1
In Airy Station, you need to make the hammer something different to leave the Compound. There are three solutions.
>LOCK HAMMER (1/19)
>HOME HAMMER
>AWAY HAMMER
>OUT HAMMER
Hope you enjoyed this, and hopefully the sequel, Slicker City, can live up to it for you, or do better!


[Index] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]
Image Viewer is a graphical window that displays HDF images. HDFView is a simple image viewer for HDF4/5 and has a limited function for processing an image.
An HDF4 image is a raster image of 8-bit pixels with an indexed RGB color table, or a 24-bit true color image. The HDF4 library provides image APIs to access image data and color tables.
An HDF5 image is a dataset that conforms to the HDF5 Image Specification. HDFView supports two types of images: indexed and true color. Both indexed image and true color image have predefined attributes and data layout according to the HDF5 image specification. For more details about HDF5 image, see the HDF5 Image Specification.
HDFView displays HDF4 raster images or HDF5 datasets that follow the HDF5 Image and Palette Specification for indexed images with an 8-bit standard RGB color model palette or three-dimensional true color images. Other image formats supported by the Image and Palette Specification are not supported by this tool.
If an image is larger than the visible area of the image viewer, users can grab and move the image by mouse-drag. Users can also use the side scroller bar to move the image to a desirable view area. Use Shift+Mouse-drag to select a subset of an image in the image viewer.
Fill values are displayed as the color black. Fill values are also excluded from calculating the minimum, maximum and other statistics.
An indexed image is one of the following:
The dataset is displayed as a Java image using IndexColorModel. The dataset is converted to a raster image using the first palette specified by the PALETTE attribute, or the default palette for HDF4. Multiple user-defined palettes (i.e., the PALETTE attribute may be a list) are not supported in version 1.0.
The dataset of an indexed image holds the values of indices of the color look-up table (palette). The dataset is converted into image pixels by looking up the index in the color table. The following figure is an example of mapping dataset values into pixels.
Mapping of dataset values to image pixels
For a two-dimensional indexed image, HDFView assumes that the width of the image is the size of the second dimension and the height of the image is the size of the first dimension, i.e. dim[0]=height and dim[1]=width.
Although HDFView displays the entire image by the order of (dim[0], dim[1], dim[2])=(depth, height, width) by default, you can always change the order and select a subset for the display as discussed in Chapter 5.
HDFView also displays a three-dimensional array as an array of 2-D images arranged along the third dimension, i.e. dim[0]=depth, dim[1]=height and dim[2]=width. You can flip back and forth to look at images at a different position of the depth dimension. For instance, if the dataset is 20 x 400 x 600 (dim[0]=20, dim[1]=400, and dim[2]=600), HDFView will display it as 20 images each with the size of 600 x 400 (width is 600, height is 400). However, a three-dimension image of [1][height][width] or [height][width][1] is treated as a two-dimension indexed image of [height][width].
A 2-D or 3-D SDS or HDF5 dataset with integer or float data can be displayed as an indexed image using the “Open As” selection from the Context menu. Since the dataset does not have a palette, a default palette is used. The palette is chosen from the “Select Palette” menu in the “Dataset Selection” window. The predefined palettes include:
In the case of an image with more than one component per pixel (e.g., red, green, and blue), the data may be arranged in one of two ways. HDFView only supports three color components: red, green and blue.
Following HDF4 terminology, the data may be interlaced by pixel or by plane. For an HDF5 Image dataset the interlace should be indicated by the INTERLACE_MODE attribute. In both cases, the dataset will have a dataspace with three dimensions, height, width, and components. For pixel interlace, the data is arranged in the following order: [height][width][pixel components]. For plane interlace, the data is arranged in the following order: [pixel components][height][width].
The translation from pixel values to color components for display or processing purposes is a one-to-one correspondence of data values to components. Data of RGB color components is converted into byte data, which is packed into a single int pixel. The Java Image is created with a DirectColorModel, with masks to define packed samples. This color model is similar to an X11 TrueColor visual. The default RGB ColorModel is specified with the following parameters:
Number of bits: 32 Red mask: 0x00ff0000 Green mask: 0x0000ff00 Blue mask: 0x000000ff Alpha mask: 0xff000000 Color space: sRGB isAlphaPremultiplied: False Transparency: Transparency.TRANSLUCENT transferType: DataBuffer.TYPE_INT
The following figure shows examples of true color images. The image on the left is pixel interleaving with dimensions of [149][227][3]. The image on the right is plane interleaving with dimensions of [3][149][227].
True color image displayed in the Image View
HDFView supports only limited image manipulation such as zooming, flipping, and contour. You can zoom in and out of an image. The minimum zoom factor is 1/8 (reduced to 1/8 the size) and the maximum is 8 (magnified to 8 times the size). Reduction (zoom out) is done by sampling pixels, for example, a 1/2-size image is created by selecting every second pixel. Magnification (zoom in) is done by replicating pixels.
You can also flip an image horizontally or vertically. Flipping an image will change the coordinates of the image. This technique can be used to adjust images that may have been created with different origins from the defaults.
Manipulating the “contour” creates a contour plot of the pixel values. The contour can have from three to nine contour levels. Level three provides less details of contour and level nine provides more. Repeated contour operations show a cumulative effect of contouring. For example, if you contour an image with level 3 and then contour that resulting image with level 4, the final image shows the cumulative effect of applying a level 4 to the level 3–contoured image.
The following figure shows a contour image of level 9.
Contour image (level 9)
24-bit True color images of three dimensions have the option of being displayed as an animation. These "animated" images are represented the same way as a three-dimensional dataset is, with each "frame" of the total animation representing another "flip" along the third dimension of the associated dataset (see figure below). After opening such an image in the ImageViewer, you can step backwards and forwards through the individual "frames" of the image by using the first, previous, next and last buttons located at the top of the ImageViewer panel.
A palette (or color lookup table) is the means by which color is applied to an image. It is a table in which every row contains the numerical representation of a particular color. In the example of an 8-bit standard RGB color model palette, this numerical representation of a color is presented as a triplet specifying the intensity of the red, green, and blue components that make up each color.
Although the HDF5 palette specification allows for variable color length, different look-up methods, and color models beyond RGB, HDFView only supports the indexed RGB color model of 256 colors. To view the image palette, click the palette icon on the tool bar or select the palette command from the image menu. The red, green, and blue components of the color table are plotted in a line plot.
Image palette (256 colors)
To view the pixel values of each individual point, check the “Show value” item in the “Image” menu. When you move the mouse over the image, the pixel values of the mouse point are shown at the bottom of the image.
You can modify the values of the color table. Select the color (red, green, or blue) in the palette view and drag the line of the selected color. The value of the selected color changes as you move the color line. In the following figure, the image on the left is the orginal image, and the image on the right is the image with a modified color table.
Modified image palette (256 colors)
The frequency of pixel values of a selected area, or the whole image, can be displayed in a histogram chart. The horizontal axis of the histogram chart depicts the 256 pixel values. The vertical axis shows the frequency of the pixel values.
Histogram of pixel values
Using HDFView, you can convert a JPEG, GIF, PNG, or BMP image into an HDF4 or HDF5 image. Select the “Convert Image To” command in the Tools menu, a popup window prompts you to choose the image file that you want to convert. The image is converted into a 24-bit HDF4 or HDF5 image. The current conversion does not support an image with indexed color model or an image with less than two color components. The image data is saved as an 8-bit unsigned integer regardless of the data type of the original image.
[Index] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]


Capsicum spp. (Habanero), Alcohol & Cannabis
This review is not about really about the effects of alcohol or marijuana.
A few years ago I had this potted habenero pepper plant that someone had given me sitting near a window in my apartment. It was pretty much dead. My roommate put the plant outside. After a few rains, the thing came back to life and gave forth about 10 little orange peppers. This was right as summer was coming to an end. I had heard that these were HOT peppers, and figured that I'd make some salsa or do something with them at some point. Rather than being smart about this, however, 'that point' arrived one night when we had about 10 people hanging out at our place, drinking beer and smoking weed.
Suffice it to say we grossly underestimated the power of the habeneros from that little plant.  It all started reasonably enough.   Good burn is, just that: good. Things devolved, however, and macho attitudes and just plain drunkenness took over.
One guy popped a whole one in his mouth. He thought he was being tough, but then he started choking and gagging and crying. It was as though he had been maced. One girl that had touched one of the peppers, or perhaps a surface that had been coated with Capsaicin, touched one of her eyes. That eye swelled up HUGE! She attempted to wash it and that just made it worse. Apparently she spread the oils around and irritated her eye even more.
Then there was the guy who had handled the peppers and then went to the restroom. Funny, just a little. But he seriously hurt himself.
Habeneros are hot. Other peppers are hotter. Don't be a tough guy.  Take small portions.
As a point of interest, I was advised that the pepper plant in my possession was likely particularly strong on account of its nearly dying earlier in the season.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Click here to view this story online at Macon.comBy Carl<EMAIL_ADDRESS>13, 2009Public college students in the midstate may experience canceled classes, longer lines at the cafeteria and less one-on-one time with their professors this f...


PDRM's 12-Year-Old Detective Dog 'Urby' Gets A Medal After He Helped Solve A Murder Case
Who's a good boy? He is.
by Sadho RamCover image via Polis Diraja Malaysia/Facebook
This is Urby.
He is Royal Malaysian Police (PDRM) detective dog.
On Friday, 22 November, the 12-year-old German Shepherd was awarded a medal after he helped solve a murder case in Selangor
According to a post uploaded on PDRM's official Facebook page yesterday, Urby was given the medal along with his handler, Koperal Umbat Anak Selan from the KLIA police headquarters, for successfully locating the body of a murder victim in October this year.
The victim, a Bangladeshi national, had been reported missing
The 35-year-old victim's body was discovered on 12 October in bushes in Kuala Langat with the help of the K9 Unit that was led by Urby, reported Harian Metro.
PDRM was eventually able to solve the case last month after the discovery.


My Cars
2013
Audi Q5
| Recommended services | 0 |
| Total mileage | 0 |
| Daily average mileage | 0 |
Cars health not Found
2013
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Teen Caught Speeding Cries As His Family Forgot His Birthday, Police Buys Him Cake Instead Of Saman
by Esther LiewTap to listen to this article instead: 🔊 Listen to Post
It’s not everyday that we come across such kindhearted officers of the law.
Recently, a Thai policeman made headlines after going viral when he caught a teenager speeding on a motorbike without a license plate. But instead of arresting him, the officer bought the rebel teen a birthday cake instead!
The officer, who is also known as Kanokpan Putthapong, explained:
“I was on duty. This motorcycle was driving over the speed limit with NO helmet or license plate so I decided to arrest him.”
However, the motorcyclist unexpectedly burst into tears! The concerned officer felt compelled to ask him what was going on.
The troubled teen then shared that he had just left his brother’s condominium in a rage because it was his birthday and none of his family members seemed to care about it.
Upon sensing the boy’s distress, Mr.Putthapong gently told him to sit and calm down before going back home. The gracious officer then headed to the nearest 7-11 to buy the neglected teen a cake with lighted candles.
He presented the gift to the surprised boy and soothed the teen before letting him off with a warning. The teenager was so moved by the officer’s act, he cried again. But this time, they were tears of joy. Aww!
The policeman originally posted a photo of him and the boy on his Facebook with the caption, “Happy birthday, bro. This year, the police will buy you a birthday cake.”
Unfortunately, the post has since been removed, but that didn’t stop netizens from praising the kind officer for his kindness!
May we all learn from this officer and spread a little kindness everywhere we go!
Also read: Watch: Kind Steward Gently Feeds Aunty Who Was Scared of Flying, Melts Netizens’ Hearts


We have a type Banana. Imagine that you want to make two instances of this banana, lightBanana and swedishBanana.
Is this allowed? Why / Why not?
"fixed" is declared final.
The class is not correct, since the value of fixed in the type Banana is already set to final.


ARVIN P. DELA CRUZ
Pogomboa, Aguilar, Pangasinan
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>0927-541-4971
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Age : 21
Gender : Male
Nationality : Filipino
Date of Birth : February 07, 2000
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic
Parents : Mr. Armando A. Dela Cruz
Mrs. Evangeline P. Dela Cruz
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
College : Pangasinan State University
Lingayen, Pangasinan
Bachelor of Science in Information Technology
Senior High School : Aguilar Integrated School
Pogomboa, Aguilar, Pangasinan
Science Technology Engineering Mathematics (STEM)
2018
Secondary : Zaratan Educational Institute Inc.
Pogomboa, Aguilar, Pangasinan
2016
Primary : Aguilar Integrated School
Pogomboa, Aguilar, Pangasinan
2012


--- layout: post title: We Love to Party date: '2011-12-11 09:31:55 -0700' mt_id: 1474 blog_id: 1 post_id: 1474 basename: we-love-to-party categories: - go-daddy ---
Last night was the annual Go Daddy Holiday Party and it was the best one yet!
The theme was USA and it was held at Chase Field, where the Arizona Diamondbacks play. The grounds were literally the USA, with different sections themed to different parts of America. In the middle was an enormous Statue of Liberty with hot dog carts around it and an incredible selection of desserts. Around the edges were the following:
During the intermissions between the incredible acts, Bob Parsons would give out money assisted by the Go Daddy Girls. In a welcome change this year, the whole process was significantly more automated. The Go Daddy Girl would press an big red button and a name would randomly appear for Bob to read out and it would also show up on the Jumbotron. He gave out over $1.1 million in prizes in $500, $1000, $2500, $5000, and $10,000 increments with the taxes fully paid.
My bosses' boss Neil and I were talking about how great it is to work for a company that had to build a machine to make cash gift distribution more efficient. "We couldn't give the money out fast enough," said he. "So we built something to make it quicker." It was perhaps the most surreal moment when you stopped to think about it.
In sheer scope and diversity, this party easily topped last year's. Two years ago, they filled the stadium with falling snow. Last year, it was an enormous Ferris wheel in the middle of the stadium. This year, there was a bald eagle, the Statue of Liberty, the bridge replica, the sand sculptures, and three huge entertainment acts.
[The views expressed on this website/weblog are mine alone and do not necessarily reflect the views of GoDaddy.com, Inc.]


Kottayam is a city in the Indian state of Kerala. It is located in central Kerala and is also the administrative capital of Kottayam district. Bordered by the lofty and mighty Western Ghats on the east and the Vembanad Lake and paddy fields of Kuttanad on the west, Kottayam is a land of unique characteristics. Panoramic backwater stretches, lush paddy fields, highlands, hills and hillocks, extensive rubber plantations, places associated with many legends and a totally literate people have given Kottayam District the enviable title: The land of letters, legends, latex and lakes. The city is an important trading center of spices and commercial crops, especially rubber. Most of India’s natural rubber originates from the acres of well-kept plantations of Kottayam, also home to the Rubber Board. Kottayam is also called as “Akshara Nagari” which means the “city of letters” considering its contribution to print media and literature.


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Lesson 9. Looking Ahead and Behind
All the expressions used thus far have matched text, but sometimes you may want to use expressions to mark the position of text to be matched (in contrast to the matched text itself). This involves the use of lookaround (the capability to look ahead and behind), which will be explained in this lesson.
|


| < Day Day Up > |
9.6. Perl SupportEmacs has Perl support. Indeed, much like Perl itself, there are multiple ways to get things done—in this case, multiple Perl modes: the classic Perl mode (which comes up by default) and the more popular CPerl mode. You should have a version of CPerl mode built right in, but you can also pick up the latest release from CPAN (the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network) online at http://www.cpan.org. You can add one of the following pairs of lines to your .emacs file to make sure CPerl mode is invoked rather than Perl mode ;; load cperl-mode for perl files (fset 'perl-mode 'cperl-mode) ;; or maybe use an alias (defalias 'perl-mode 'cperl-mode) CPerl mode is mostly like cc-mode with respect to motion and other programming language features. It also includes fun debug operations. You can start the debugger with M-x cperl-db. You'll be prompted to verify the debugger command and then be dropped into a split-screen mode. One buffer allows you to drive the normal perldb environment with all the regular commands you're accustomed to using in the Perl debugger. The other buffer shows your script and follows along as you work through the debugger. It tracks the line you're about to execute as you issue commands in the other buffer. It's amazing how quickly you grow to depend on having such tools available while you're developing scripts. It is worth trying out if you've never done it before. 9.6.1 Perl CaveatsA big reason we wanted to mention Perl mode here is to highlight a few caveats. Perl is an amazingly expressive language much more akin to the idioms found in human languages than just about any other computer language out there. That expressiveness can cause problems—especially when considering the expressiveness of regular expressions. Perl supports all sorts of "funny" variable names like $' and $/. CPerl mode boasts the use of a syntax table to help understand most of Perl's odd and occasionally disruptive verbiage. The older Perl mode has no such trick up its sleeves and suffers under many circumstances in the font-lock and indentation realms. This is one of the main reasons to make the leap into CPerl mode. Even with that syntax table, though, you'll probably find some combinations of variables and strings that give Emacs headaches. Sometimes restructuring your code will help, sometimes not. The important thing to remember is that it won't harm your program at all. It might make things a bit less readable, but the script itself should run just fine. And if it doesn't, you can always launch the debugger to find out why! Here are some parting .emacs thoughts for you Perl programmers. These lines select cperl-mode as the default and make sure the syntax highlighting is turned on. These lines also turn on folding (outline-minor-mode in the snippet below). Folding allows you to "hide" chunks of your code, such as functions where the body of the function is "folded" into the name. That can make it easier to get a grip on everything that is going on in the file. Try it—it can become addictive! ;; Turn on highlighting globally (global-font-lock-mode t) ;; automatically load cperl-mode for perl files (fset 'perl-mode 'cperl-mode) ;; show only the toplevel nodes when loading a file (add-hook 'cperl-mode-hook 'hide-body) ;; outline minor mode with cperl (add-hook 'cperl-mode-hook 'outline-minor-mode) ;; Change the prefix for outline commands from C-c @ to C-c C-o (setq outline-minor-mode-prefix "\C-co") (load-file "cperl-mode.el") |
| < Day Day Up > |


{% extends 'sitewide/base.html' %} {% block title %}Page Not Found{% endblock %} {% load humanize %} {% load static %} {% load react %} {% block body %}
It looks like we can't find that page. You'll have to try again later!


[gecode-users] [Help] Killer sudoku model (newbie)
Christian Schulte
schulte at imit.kth.se
Wed Mar 22 13:04:29 CET 2006
Maybe you want to try whether Gecode compiled correctly at all. To do that,
you can build and run the tests:
make test
./test/test.exe (or ./test/test)
Christian
PS: I am not an author of your program, maybe I hold copyright to parts but
I am definitely not the author. The easiest is always to keep the original
copyright header and write your own on top.
--
Christian Schulte, http://www.imit.kth.se/~schulte/
-----Original Message-----
From: users-bounces at gecode.org [mailto:users-bounces at gecode.org] On Behalf
Of Mikael 'Zayenz' Lagerkvist
Sent: Wednesday, March 22, 2006 11:47 AM
To: Jean-Christophe Godart
Cc: users at gecode.org
Subject: Re: [gecode-users] [Help] Killer sudoku model (newbie)
On 3/22/06, Jean-Christophe Godart <jc at freesoft.be> wrote:
> I must have made something wrong since it does not find a solution
> (and I know there is a unique one)
>
> Source file is here
> http://sudoku.apinc.org/killer.cc
I tried the program on my computer (Linux, amd64, gcc 4.0, gecode [svn,
1.0.1, 1.0.0]) and it finds the unique solution without problem. Also, as
far as I can see, your program looks fine. So I'm sorry to say that I can't
find the problem.
Cheers
Mikael
PS. For larger examples, you might not want to use linear() with ICL_DOM,
since it has exponential complexity.
--
Mikael 'Zayenz' Lagerkvist, http://www.imit.kth.se/~zayenz/
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Please slide left or right with the slider control to change the Year. Values are in dollars. Click table header to sort.
1997
2017


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(Delivered at the Home of Truth, Los Angeles, California)
This morning I shall try to present to you some ideas about breathing and other exercises. We have been discussing theories so long that now it will be well to have a little of the practical. A great many books have been written in India upon this subject. Just as your people are practical in many things, so it seems our people are practical in this line. Five persons in this country will join their heads together and say, "We will have a joint-stock company", and in five hours it is done; in India they could not do it in fifty years; they are so unpractical in matters like this. But, mark you, if a man starts a system of philosophy, however wild its theory may be, it will have followers. For instance, a sect is started to teach that if a man stands on one leg for twelve years, day and night, he will get salvation — there will be hundreds ready to stand on one leg. All the suffering will be quietly borne. There are people who keep their arms upraised for years to gain religious merit. I have seen hundreds of them.  So, you see, the word practical is also relative.
 The other day when I was going to Europe, I was passing through Marseilles, where a bull-fight was being held. All the Englishmen in the steamer were mad with excitement, abusing and criticising the whole thing as cruel. When I reached England, I heard of a party of prize-fighters who had been to Paris, and were kicked out unceremoniously by the French, who thought prize-fighting very brutal. When I hear these things in various countries, I begin to understand the marvellous saying of Christ: "Judge not that ye be not judged." The more we learn, the more he find out how ignorant we are, how multiform and multi-sided is this mind of man. When I was a boy, I used to criticise the ascetic practices of my countrymen; great preachers in our own land have criticised them; the greatest man that was ever born, Buddha himself, criticised them. But all the same, as I am growing older, I feel that I have no right to judge. Sometimes I wish that, in spite of all their incongruities, I had one fragment of their power to do and suffer. Often I think that my judgment and my criticism do not proceed from any dislike of torture, but from sheer cowardice — because I cannot do it — I dare not do it.
Then, you see that strength, power, and courage are things which are very peculiar. We generally say, "A courageous man, a brave man, a daring man", but we must bear in mind that that courage or bravery or any other trait does not always characterise the man. The same man who would rush to the mouth of a cannon shrinks from the knife of the surgeon; and another man who never dares to face a gun will calmly bear a severe surgical operation, if need be. Now, in judging others you must always define your terms of courage or greatness. The man whom I am criticising as not good may be wonderfully so in some points in which I am not.
Take another example. You often note, when people are discussing as to what man and woman can do, always the same mistake is made. They think they show man at his best because he can fight, for instance, and undergo tremendous physical exertion; and this is pitted against the physical weakness and the non-combating quality of woman. This is unjust. Woman is as courageous as man. Each is equally good in his or her way. What man can bring up a child with such patience, endurance, and love as the woman can? The one has developed the power of doing; the other, the power of suffering. If woman cannot act, neither can man suffer. The whole universe is one of perfect balance. I do not know, but some day we may wake up and find that the mere worm has something which balances our manhood. The most wicked person may have some good qualities that I entirely lack. I see that every day of my life. Look at the savage! I wish I had such a splendid physique. He eats, he drinks, to his heart's content, without knowing perhaps what sickness is, while I am suffering every minute. How many times would I have been glad to have changed my brain for his body! The whole universe is only a wave and a hollow; there can be no wave without a hollow. Balance everywhere. You have one thing great, your neighbour has another thing great. When you are judging man and woman, judge them by the standard of their respective greatness. One cannot be in other's shoes. The one has no right to say that the other is wicked. It is the same old superstition that says, "If this is done, the world will go to ruin." But in spite of this the world has not yet come to ruin. It was said in this country that if the Negroes were freed, the country would go to ruin — but did it? It was also said that if the masses were educated, the world would come to ruin — but it was only made better. Several years ago a book came out depicting the worst thing that could happen to England. The writer showed that as workmen's wages were rising, English commerce was declining. A cry was raised that the workmen in England were exorbitant in their demands, and that the Germans worked for less wages. A commission was sent over to Germany to investigate this and it reported that the German labourers received higher wages. Why was it so? Because of the education of the masses. Then how about the world going to ruin if the masses are educated? In India, especially, we meet with old fogies all over the land. They want to keep everything secret from the masses. These people come to the very satisfying conclusion that they are the cręme de la cręme of this universe. They believed they cannot be hurt by these dangerous experiments. It is only the masses that can be hurt by them!
Now, coming back to the practical. The subject of the practical application of psychology has been taken up in India from very early times. About fourteen hundred years before Christ, there flourished in India a great philosopher, Patanjali by name. He collected all the facts, evidences, and researches in psychology and took advantage of all the experiences accumulated in the past. Remember, this world is very old; it was not created only two or three thousand years ago. It is taught here in the West that society began eighteen hundred years ago, with the New Testament. Before that there was no society. That may be true with regard to the West, but it is not true as regards the whole world. Often, while I was lecturing in London, a very intellectual and intelligent friend of mine would argue with me, and one day after using all his weapons against me, he suddenly exclaimed, "But why did not your Rishis come to England to teach us?" I replied, "Because there was no England to come to. Would they preach to the forests?"
"Fifty years ago," said Ingersoll to me, "you would have been hanged in this country if you had come to preach. You would have been burnt alive or you would have been stoned out of the villages."
So there is nothing unreasonable in the supposition that civilisation existed fourteen hundred years before Christ. It is not yet settled whether civilisation has always come from the lower to the higher. The same arguments and proofs that have been brought forward to prove this proposition can also be used to demonstrate that the savage is only a degraded civilised man. The people of China, for instance, can never believe that civilisation sprang from a savage state, because the contrary is within their experience. But when you talk of the civilisation of America, what you mean is the perpetuity and the growth of your own race.
It is very easy to believe that the Hindus, who have been declining for seven hundred years, were highly civilised in the past. We cannot prove that it is not so.
There is not one single instance of any civilisation being spontaneous. There was not a race in the world which became civilised unless another civilised race came and mingled with that race. The origin of civilisation must have belonged, so to say, to one or two races who went abroad, spread their ideas, and intermingled with other races and thus civilisation spread.
For practical purposes, let us talk in the language of modern science. But I must ask you to bear in mind that, as there is religious superstition, so also there is a superstition in the matter of science. There are priests who take up religious work as their speciality; so also there are priests of physical law, scientists. As soon as a great scientist's name, like Darwin or Huxley, is cited, we follow blindly. It is the fashion of the day. Ninety-nine per cent of what we call scientific knowledge is mere theories. And many of them are no better than the old superstitions of ghosts with many heads and hands, but with this difference that the latter differentiated man a little from stocks and stones. True science asks us to be cautious. Just as we should be careful with the priests, so we should be with the scientists. Begin with disbelief. Analyse, test, prove everything, and then take it. Some of the most current beliefs of modern science have not been proved. Even in such a science as mathematics, the vast majority of its theories are only working hypotheses. With the advent of greater knowledge they will be thrown away.
In 1400 B.C. a great sage made an attempt to arrange, analyse, and generalise upon certain psychological facts. He was followed by many others who took up parts of what he had discovered and made a special study of them The Hindus alone of all ancient races took up the study of this branch of knowledge in right earnest. I am teaching you now about it, but how many of you will practice it? How many days, how many months will it be before you give it up? You are impractical on this subject. In India, they will persevere for ages and ages. You will be astonished to hear that they have no churches, no Common Prayers, or anything of the kind; but they, every day, still practice the breathings and try to concentrate the mind; and that is the chief part of their devotion. These are the main points. Every Hindu must do these. It is the religion of the country. Only, each one may have a special method — a special form of breathing, a special form of concentration, and what is one's special method, even one's wife need not know; the father need not know the son's. But they all have to do these. And there is nothing occult about these things. The word "occult" has no bearing on them. Near the Gangâ thousands and thousands of people may be seen daily sitting on its banks breathing and concentrating with closed eyes. There may be two reasons that make certain practices impracticable for the generality of mankind. One is, the teachers hold that the ordinary people are not fit for them. There may be some truth in this, but it is due more to pride. The second is the fear of persecution. A man, for instance, would not like to practice breathing publicly in this country, because he would be thought so queer; it is not the fashion here. On the other hand, in India. if a man prayed, "Give us this day our daily bread", people would laugh at him. Nothing could be more foolish to the Hindu mind than to say, "Our Father which art in Heaven." The Hindu, when he worships, thinks that God is within himself.
According to the Yogis, there are three principal nerve currents: one they call the Idâ, the other the Pingalâ, and the middle one the Sushumnâ, and all these are inside the spinal column. The Ida and the Pingala, the left and the right, are clusters of nerves, while the middle one, the Sushumna, is hollow and is not a cluster of nerves. This Sushumna is closed, and for the ordinary man is of no use, for he works through the Ida and the Pingala only. Currents are continually going down and coming up through these nerves, carrying orders all over the body through other nerves running to the different organs of the body.
It is the regulation and the bringing into rhythm of the Ida and Pingala that is the great object of breathing. But that itself is nothing — it is only so much air taken into the lungs; except for purifying the blood, it is of no more use. There is nothing occult in the air that we take in with our breath and assimilate to purify the blood; the action is merely a motion. This motion can be reduced to the unit movement we call Prâna; and everywhere, all movements are the various manifestations of this Prana. This Prana is electricity, it is magnetism; it is thrown out by the brain as thought. Everything is Prana; it is moving the sun, the moon, and the stars.
We say, whatever is in this universe has been projected by the vibration of the Prana. The highest result of vibration is thought. If there be any higher, we cannot conceive of it. The nerves, Ida and Pingala, work through the Prana. It is the Prana that is moving every part of the body, becoming the different forces. Give up that old idea that God is something that produces the effect and sits on a throne dispensing justice. In working we become exhausted because we use up so much Prana.
The breathing exercises, called Prânâyâma, bring about regulation of the breathing, rhythmic action of the Prana. When the Prana is working rhythmically, everything works properly. When the Yogis get control over their own bodies, if there is any disease in any part, they know that the Prana is not rhythmic there and they direct the Prana to the affected part until the rhythm is re-established.
Just as you can control the Prana in your own body, so, if you are powerful enough, you can control, even from here another man's Prana in India. It is all one. There is no break; unity is the law. Physically, psychically, mentally, morally, metaphysically, it is all one. Life is only a vibration. That which vibrates this ocean of ether, vibrates you. Just as in a lake, various strata of ice of various degrees of solidity are formed, or as in an ocean of vapour there are various degrees of density, so is this universe an ocean of matter. This is an ocean of ether in which we find the sun, moon, stars, and ourselves — in different states of solidity; but the continuity is not broken; it is the same throughout.
Now, when we study metaphysics, we come to know the world is one, not that the spiritual, the material, the mental, and the world of energies are separate. It is all one, but seen from different planes of vision. When you think of yourself as a body, you forget that you are a mind, and when you think of yourself as a mind, you will forget the body. There is only one thing, that you are; you can see it either as matter or body — or you can see it as mind or spirit. Birth, life, and death are but old superstitions. None was ever born, none will ever die; one changes one's position — that is all. I am sorry to see in the West how much they make of death; always trying to catch a little life. "Give us life after death! Give us life!" They are so happy if anybody tells them that they are going to live afterwards! How can I ever doubt such a thing! How can I imagine that I am dead!  Life is such a wonderful reality that you cannot for a moment forget it. You may as well doubt that you exist. This is the first fact of consciousness — I am. Who can imagine a state of things which never existed? It is the most self-evident of all truths. So, the idea of immortality is inherent in man. How can one discuss a subject that is unimaginable? Why should we want to discuss the pros and cons of a subject that is self-evident?
The whole universe, therefore, is a unit, from whatever standpoint you view it. Just now, to us, this universe is a unit of Prana and Âkâsha, force and matter.  For what is force? — that which moves matter. And what is matter? — that which is moved by force. It is a seesaw! Some of the fundamentals of our reasoning are most curious, in spite of our boast of science and knowledge. "It is a headache without a head", as the Sanskrit proverb says. This state of things has been called Maya. It has neither existence nor non-existence. You cannot call it existence, because that only exists which is beyond time and space, which is self-existence. Yet this world satisfies to a certain degree our idea of existence. Therefore it has an apparent existence.
But there is the real existence in and through everything; and that reality, as it were, is caught in the meshes of time, space, and causation. There is the real man, the infinite, the beginningless, the endless, the ever-blessed, the ever-free. He has been caught in the meshes of time, space, and causation. So has everything in this world. The reality of everything is the same infinite. This is not idealism; it is not that the world does not exist. It has a relative existence, and fulfils all its requirements But it has no independent existence. It exists because of the Absolute Reality beyond time, space, and causation.
I have made long digressions. Now, let us return to our main subject.
All the automatic movements and all the conscious movements are the working of Prana through the nerves. Now, you see, it will be a very good thing to have control over the unconscious actions.
On some other occasions, I told you the definition of God and man. Man is an infinite circle whose circumference is nowhere, but the centre is located in one spot; and God is an infinite circle whose circumference is nowhere, but whose centre is everywhere. He works through all hands, sees through all eyes, walks on all feet, breathes through all bodies, lives in all life, speaks through every mouth, and thinks through every brain. Man can become like God and acquire control over the whole universe if he multiplies infinitely his centre of self-consciousness. Consciousness, therefore, is the chief thing to understand. Let us say that here is an infinite line amid darkness. We do not see the line, but on it there is one luminous point which moves on. As it moves along the line, it lights up its different parts in succession, and all that is left behind becomes dark again. Our consciousness; may well be likened to this luminous point. Its past experiences have been replaced by the present, or have become subconscious. We are not aware of their presence in us; but there they are, unconsciously influencing our body and mind. Every movement that is now being made without the help of consciousness was previously conscious. Sufficient impetus has been given to it to work of itself.
The great error in all ethical systems, without exception, has been the failure of teaching the means by which man could refrain from doing evil. All the systems of ethics teach, "Do not steal!" Very good; but why does a man steal? Because all stealing, robbing, and other evil actions, as a rule, have become automatic. The systematic robber, thief, liar, unjust man and woman, are all these in spite of themselves! It is really a tremendous psychological problem. We should look upon man in the most charitable light. It is not so easy to be good. What are you but mere machines until you are free? Should you be proud because you are good? Certainly not. You are good because you cannot help it. Another is bad because he cannot help it. If you were in his position, who knows what you would have been? The woman in the street, or the thief in the jail, is the Christ that is being sacrificed that you may be a good man. Such is the law of balance. All the thieves and the murderers, all the unjust, the weakest, the wickedest, the devils, they all are my Christ! I owe a worship to the God Christ and to the demon Christ! That is my doctrine, I cannot help it. My salutation goes to the feet of the good, the saintly, and to the feet of the wicked and the devilish! They are all my teachers, all are my spiritual fathers, all are my Saviours. I may curse one and yet benefit by his failings; I may bless another and benefit by his good deeds. This is as true as that I stand here. I have to sneer at the woman walking in the street, because society wants it! She, my Saviour, she, whose street-walking is the cause of the chastity of other women! Think of that. Think, men and women, of this question in your mind. It is a truth — a bare, bold truth! As I see more of the world, see more of men and women, this conviction grows stronger. Whom shall I blame? Whom shall I praise? Both sides of the shield must be seen.
The task before us is vast; and first and foremost, we must seek to control the vast mass of sunken thoughts which have become automatic with us. The evil deed is, no doubt, on the conscious plane; but the cause which produced the evil deed was far beyond in the realms of the unconscious, unseen, and therefore more potent.
Practical psychology directs first of all its energies in controlling the unconscious, and we know that we can do it. Why? Because we know the cause of the unconscious is the conscious; the unconscious thoughts are the submerged millions of our old conscious thoughts, old conscious actions become petrified — we do not look at them, do not know them, have forgotten them. But mind you, if the power of evil is in the unconscious, so also is the power of good. We have many things stored in us as in a pocket. We have forgotten them, do not even think of them, and there are many of them, rotting, becoming positively dangerous; they come forth, the unconscious causes which kill humanity. True psychology would, therefore, try to bring them under the control of the conscious. The great task is to revive the whole man, as it were, in order to make him the complete master of himself. Even what we call the automatic action of the organs within our bodies, such as the liver etc., can be made to obey our commands.
This is the first part of the study, the control of the unconscious. The next is to go beyond the conscious. Just as unconscious work is beneath consciousness, so there is another work which is above consciousness. When this superconscious state is reached, man becomes free and divine; death becomes immortality, weakness becomes infinite power, and iron bondage becomes liberty. That is the goal, the infinite realm of the superconscious.
So, therefore, we see now that there must be a twofold work. First, by the proper working of the Ida and the Pingala, which are the two existing ordinary currents, to control the subconscious action; and secondly, to go beyond even consciousness.
The books say that he alone is the Yogi who, after long practice in self-concentration, has attained to this truth. The Sushumna now opens and a current which never before entered into this new passage will find its way into it, and gradually ascend to (what we call in figurative language) the different lotus centres, till at last it reaches the brain. Then the Yogi becomes conscious of what he really is, God Himself.
Everyone without exception, everyone of us, can attain to this culmination of Yoga. But it is a terrible task. If a person wants to attain to this truth, he will have to do something more than to listen to lectures and take a few breathing exercises. Everything lies in the preparation. How long does it take to strike a light? Only a second; but how long it takes to make the candle!  Perhaps half an hour. But hours to prepare the food! We want to strike the light in a second, but we forget that the making of the candle is the chief thing.
But though it is so hard to reach the goal, yet even our smallest attempts are not in vain. We know that nothing is lost.  Krishna replies, "Nothing, my friend, is lost in this world. Whatever one does, that remains as one's own, and if the fruition of Yoga does not come in this life, one takes it up again in the next birth." Otherwise, how do you explain the marvellous childhood of Jesus, Buddha, Shankara?
Breathing, posturing, etc. are no doubt helps in Yoga; but they are merely physical. The great preparations are mental. The first thing necessary is a quiet and peaceable life.
If you want to be a Yogi, you must be free, and place yourself in circumstances where you are alone and free from all anxiety. He who desires a comfortable and nice life and at the same time wants to realise the Self is like the fool who, wanting to cross the river, caught hold of a crocodile, mistaking it for a log of wood (Vivekachudâmani, 84.). "Seek ye first the kingdom of God, and everything shall be added unto you." This is the one great duty, this is renunciation. Live for an ideal, and leave no place in the mind for anything else. Let us put forth all our energies to acquire that, which never fails — our spiritual perfection. If we have true yearning for realisation, we must struggle, and through struggle growth will come. We shall make mistakes, but they may be angels unawares.
The greatest help to spiritual life is meditation (Dhyâna). In meditation we divest ourselves of all material conditions and feel our divine nature. We do not depend upon any external help in meditation. The touch of the soul can paint the brightest colour even in the dingiest places; it can cast a fragrance over the vilest thing; it can make the wicked divine — and all enmity, all selfishness is effaced. The less the thought of the body, the better. For it is the body that drags us down. It is attachment, identification, which makes us miserable. That is the secret: To think that I am the spirit and not the body, and that the whole of this universe with all its relations, with all its good and all its evil, is but as a series of paintings — scenes on a canvas — of which I am the witness.


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Welcome
to
Agile Scrum
For
Software Development Life Cycle
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Shamsher Ansari


Sourcery Probe Personal Settings (ARM and MIPS Only)
Sourcery Probe Personal models for ARM and MIPS use TCP/IP sockets over USB for communicating with the debugger. This requires compatible IP addresses on the probe and PC. By default, the USB probe automatically uses an IP address in the Local Link range 169.254.x.x.
| Note |
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Sourcery Probe Personal models for PowerPC do not require any communication settings because a dedicated USB driver is used.
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In most cases it is best to leave the probe set to use Local Link mode so that it can pick an IP address for itself.
- If you are using Windows 7, then local link mode is fully supported, and no special configuration is required.
- If you are using Windows XP or Linux, then you will need to assign a static IP address to the PC network adapter. Refer to “Connecting to the Target and Host Computer” in the Mentor Embedded Sourcery Probe Personal Hardware Manual for this procedure.
Although no special probe settings are normally required, in some cases you might want to set the probe to a static IP address in a different address range. There are two ways to do this:
- Use the Sourcery Probe Console to configure the settings. This is the best method if you cannot establish a network connection to the probe. See “Sourcery Probe Console” in the Mentor Embedded Sourcery Probe Personal Hardware Manual for details on this procedure.
Changing the Settings Using CodeBench
Prerequisites
- You must be using an ARM or MIPS model of Sourcery Probe Personal.
| Caution |
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New static IP settings can result in the probe becoming inaccessible if the settings are incorrect or incompatible with the network adapter on your PC. If the probe is inaccessible after programming new settings, you must change your network adapter settings to match the IP range used by the probe.
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Procedure
- Start Sourcery CodeBench per the instructions in the Sourcery CodeBench user manual. Close the Welcome screen if it appears.
- Select Run > Sourcery Probe > Settings and Firmware Update.
The Settings and Firmware Update Dialog Box appears.
- Enter the IP address or hostname in the Probe IP/Hostname field for the probe, and click Retrieve Settings.
Tip: If you do not know the IP address or hostname of your probe, click Discover to view a list of all Sourcery Probe devices currently available on the local subnet.
This opens the Sourcery Probe Discovery Dialog Box and scans all available network adapters for Sourcery Probes. Note that not all Sourcery Probe devices can be discovered by this dialog box.
- The Settings and Firmware Update dialog box displays the current settings for the selected probe device.
- Choose one of the following options on the Settings tab:
NOTE: If you need to use multiple Sourcery Probe Personal probes on the same host, please contact Mentor Graphics for help with your setup.
- Select Use DHCP/Local Link for the probe to obtain the IP address configuration automatically from the DHCP server on the network. This is the default configuration.
- Select Static IP to use the static IP address configuration.
This requires you to enter the IP address and subnet mask. Since this is a private network to your PC, you can choose the IP address setup that makes sense for your environment. Be careful not to collide with existing network adapter settings on your host computer. We suggest using something in the range of 192.168.X.X with a subnet mask of <IP_ADDRESS>.
- After you make the necessary changes to the settings, click Program Settings to set them on the device and reboot it.
Related Topics
Settings and Firmware Update Dialog Box
Sourcery Probe Discovery Dialog Box
Updating the Sourcery Probe Firmware Using CodeBench
Configuring a Sourcery Probe Network Interface for Local Link Addressing
The Linux service "Network Manager" is responsible for automatically configuring host network interfaces. The steps in this section describe how to recognize and configure a Sourcery Probe network interface for Local Link addressing.
| Note |
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The screenshots and instructions provided here are from the Gnome Network Manager version available with Ubuntu 10.04. Network manager is evolving rapidly and the UI is known to look different in earlier and later versions, but the configuration settings are the same - configure the interface for Local Link IPv4. A similar Network Manager GUI is available for the KDE UI. There is a new command line interface for Network Manager "nmcli", but it does not yet have the ability to configure interfaces as needed here.
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Procedure
- Make sure avahi-autoipd is installed. Most modern Linux distributions have this installed by default.
Installation on Debian/Debian derived Distros
# sudo apt-get install avahi-autoipd
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
avahi-autoipd is already the newest version
- Configure the host Ethernet interface for Link Link Only:
- Plug your Sourcery probe into your Linux host and ensure the TX/RX led is flashing green/off.
- Right-click on your desktop network icon to display the network manager GUI Application menu.
- Select Edit Connections....
- In the Network Connections Dialog select the Wired tab, then select the interface associated with the probe and click Edit.... The highest numbered interface is most likely the probe, but you can confirm this in the Edit dialog.
Figure A-1.
Network Connections Dialog
- In the Editing Auto ethX dialog, verify the MAC address ends in 22:33:44. This ensures the interface you are editing is a virtual interface and is most likely the probe. If it is not, go back to the previous dialog and select a different Wired interface. Then, select the IPv4 Settings tab and change the method to Link-Local Only.
Figure A-2.
Editing Network Connection Dialog
- Click Apply.
- Verify an IP address was assigned to the host interface:
- Open a terminal window and use the ifconfig command to verify the Local Link setup. Local link IP addresses will be 169.254.xxx.xxx with a netmask of <IP_ADDRESS>. You can see that the address <IP_ADDRESS> was automatically allocated. The probe should now be discoverable.
ubuntu: $ ifconfig
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0c:29:b1:18:e2
inet addr:<IP_ADDRESS> Bcast:<IP_ADDRESS> Mask:<IP_ADDRESS>
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:feb1:18e2/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:40767 errors:14 dropped:23 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:17759 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:49830008 (49.8 MB) TX bytes:1110165 (1.1 MB)
Interrupt:19 Base address:0x2000
eth3 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:07:e9:22:33:44
inet addr:<IP_ADDRESS> Bcast:<IP_ADDRESS> Mask:<IP_ADDRESS>
inet6 addr: fe80::207:e9ff:fe22:3344/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1472 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:95 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:21553 (21.5 KB)


Notting
This page contains an index of all the individuals in the database with the surname of Notting. Selecting the person’s name will take you to that person’s individual page.
| Given Name | Birth | Death | Partner | Parents |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Edith “Eda” Isabel | 1880-12-01 | 1958-02-14 | Dale, Frank Octavious | Notting, Henry Eustace Irish, Martha Ann |
| Harry Gordon Kemp | 1885-01-27 | 1966 | Mobbs, .Annie Ivy, Kerrick, Margaret Joyce (widow) | Notting, Henry Eustace Irish, Martha Ann |
| Henry Eustace | 1856-11-13 | 1939-08-31 | Irish, Martha Ann | Notting, Joseph & Caroline |
| Jack Lawrence | 1902-04-01 | 1988-03-29 | Perves, Ann Hodge | Notting, Henry Eustace Irish, Martha Ann |
| Joan Elizabeth | 1919-11-17 | 1985-06-29 | Madden, Joseph Andrew | Notting, Roy Nelson Law, Winifred May |
| Joseph & Caroline | 1891-01-03 | |||
| Roy Nelson | 1895-02-19 | 1982-10-01 | Law, Winifred May | Notting, Henry Eustace Irish, Martha Ann |
| Russell Gladstone | 1899-02-03 | 1969 | Hornidge, Sylvia G., Breakspear, Florence Evelyn | Notting, Henry Eustace Irish, Martha Ann |
| Stanley Eustace | 1893-01-08 | 1972-11-14 | Notting, Henry Eustace Irish, Martha Ann | |
| Vera Winifred | 1882-11-03 | 1926-07-05 | Yabsley, Herbert William Myler | Notting, Henry Eustace Irish, Martha Ann |
| [Living] | ???, [Living] | Notting, Jack Lawrence Perves, Ann Hodge | ||
| [Living] | Finlay, [Living] | Notting, Jack Lawrence Perves, Ann Hodge | ||
| [Living] | Penze, [Living] | Notting, Jack Lawrence Perves, Ann Hodge | ||
| [Living] | Kerr, [Living] | Notting, Jack Lawrence Perves, Ann Hodge | ||
| [Living] | Harrington, [Living] | Notting, Jack Lawrence Perves, Ann Hodge | ||
| [Living] | Notting, Jack Lawrence Perves, Ann Hodge | |||
| [Living] | Wheeler, [Living] | Notting, Roy Nelson Law, Winifred May | ||
| [Living] | Notting, Russell Gladstone Hornidge, Sylvia G. | |||
| [Living] | Wilson, John Jamieson | Notting, Roy Nelson Law, Winifred May | ||
| [Living] | Black, [Living] | Notting, [Living] Wheeler, [Living] | ||
| [Living] | Moodie, [Living] | Notting, [Living] Wheeler, [Living] | ||
| [Living] | ???, [Living] | Notting, Russell Gladstone Hornidge, Sylvia G. | ||
| [Living] | Notting, [Living] Finlay, [Living] | |||
| [Living] | Notting, [Living] Finlay, [Living] | |||
| [Living] | Notting, [Living] Finlay, [Living] | |||
| [Living] | Notting, [Living] ???, [Living] | |||
| [Living] | Notting, [Living] Harrington, [Living] | |||
| [Living] | Notting, [Living] Harrington, [Living] | |||
| [Living] | Notting, [Living] ???, [Living] | |||
| [Living] | Notting, [Living] Harrington, [Living] | |||
| [Living] | Notting, [Living] Harrington, [Living] | |||
| [Living] | Notting, [Living] ???, [Living] |


This example is taken from the Hello World example in the contrib folder of Wasabi. That example uses the wasabi.js library that is available from the same server as this Admin UI. In order to use the library, you would add the following to your index.html (or equivalent initial load page):
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.12.3.min.js"></script> <script src='{{webServingUrl}}scripts/wasabi.js'></script>
Of course, you can choose whatever version of jQuery works for you and your Wasabi server may be running on a different host or port.
In order to retrieve an assignment for an experiment using the library, you would make a call like this:
// Set up properties that will be the same on all Wasabi calls. WASABI.setOptions({ 'applicationName': '{{experiment.applicationName}}', 'experimentName': '{{experiment.label}}', 'protocol': '{{serverProtocol}}', 'host': '{{serverHostAndPort}}' }); // Check Wasabi to see if this user should be in the test and which bucket. WASABI.getAssignment({ 'userID': 'UserName' }).then( function(response) { console.log('getAssignment: success'); console.log(JSON.stringify(response)); // This object will include the assignment made and the status, which might tell you the experiment // has not been started, etc. // Note that if the experiment doesn't exist or hasn't been started, response.assignment is undefined, which is OK. console.log(response.assignment); }, function(error) { console.log('getAssignment: error'); } );
In order to see and run locally a working example using JavaScript, AngularJS and node, go to:
https://github.com/intuit/wasabi/tree/develop/contrib/hello-world


black
A Python auto code formatter.
More information: home page
- Auto-format a file or entire directory:
black path/to/file_or_directory
- Format the code passed in as a string:
black -c "code"
- Output whether a file or a directory would have changes made to them if they were to be formatted:
black --check path/to/file_or_directory
- Output changes that would be made to a file or a directory without performing them (dry-run):
black --diff path/to/file_or_directory
- Auto-format a file or directory, emitting exclusively error messages to `stderr`:
black --quiet path/to/file_or_directory
- Auto-format a file or directory without replacing single quotes with double quotes (adoption helper, avoid using this for new projects):
black --skip-string-normalization path/to/file_or_directory


A dataset from UC Irving with attributes describing breast mass cell nuclei characteristics was used to classify masses as benign or malignant. The dataset is a sample of 569 observations, with 357 benign and 212 malignant diagnoses. Many features in this set are highly correlated.
Analysis: A Gaussian Naive Bayes (NB) classifier was used to make diagnoses on two versions of the data: untransformed and PCA-whitened (for decorrelation). For the former, a random forest classifier with 300 estimators was used to select features in by importance and an iterative ten-fold CV scoring process was used to determine the optimum number of top features. The latter set was scored similarly, but the top features were selected by their eigenvalues. The final model was fitted to 67% of the data, and the remaining 33% was used as the test set. Scores evaluated were accuracy, precision, recall, and F1.
Results and Conclusions: The untransformed set performed better than the PCA set, after averaging many ten-fold cross validations (0.912 and 0.863 F1 scores, respectively). The final model had 92.3% accuracy and an F1 score of 0.909 on the test data.
Using features without any transformation is more successful than PCA whitening, despite high correlation between features. The most successful features for making diagnoses with NB were concave points_worst, radius_worst, area_worst, perimeter_worst, and concave points_mean.
Limitations: Only Naive Bayes was used in this project, and it is possible that other classification methods have better diagnostic accuracy.
A great deal of research has gone into breast cancer, and for good reason: it is a major plight, with approximately 12% of women in the U.S. developing invasive breast cancer in their lifetimes [1]. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the efficacy of Naive Bayes classification for diagnosing malignant breast cancer, and to determine what cell characteristics are most useful for producing diagnoses.
The questions asked going into this study were:
UC Irving hosts a variety of data sets, including one of breast cancer diagnostic data — the set used in this project. The dataset has 569 observations, with 357 benign and 212 malignant diagnoses. There are 30 attributes to be used as predictors that describe breast mass cell nuclei characteristics (continuous numerical values) that were computed from digitized images of fine needle aspirations. Along with these predictors, there are values for patient ID and a diagnosis (benign or malignant). Many features in this set are highly correlated, which is typically not ideal for a classifier like NB, where statistical independence between features is a foundational assumption.
There are ten base metrics used for the predictors, with three variations of each (mean, standard error, and worst):
In order to get a feel for the data, and how to proceed, kernel density estimates were plotted for the two diagnosis values. This was done to determine if the data was roughly normally distributed, and to gain some initial insight into which features were more likely to make good predictors. The resulting plots are in the figure below:
The distributions all appear reasonably normal, despite some skewness. Upon visual inspection, the most promising base features were radius, perimeter, area, concavity and concave points. To make a final decision for feature importances in the raw data, a random forest classifier was used, and the results are shown in descending order in the following chart:
These rankings were used as a part of feature selection, the details of which are discussed in the section on modeling.
Since feature names suggested correlations were likely high (e.g., radius and area), a correlation matrix was computed to check the extent of correlations before modeling. As expected, they were large for many of the features (see figure 2). Because features are ideally independent when modeling with NB, a transformed version of the dataset was created by decorrelating and normalizing the features through PCA whitening (principal component analysis). For modeling, training sets were transformed and the resulting eigenvectors and eigenvalues were used to PCA whiten the test data. The correlation matrices before and after decorrelation are displayed as heat maps in figure 3:
As opposed to feature selection using importances, component selection with the decorrelated data was performed by choosing those with greater eigenvalues. The eigenvalues were computed using NumPy singular value decomposition, which returns values in descending order. Since principal components have no particular meaning in terms of the original features, results will not be presented as they were in figure 2.
A Gaussian Naive Bayes classifier (found here) was used to model both sets, using forward selection of the top ten features. The average of 100 iterations of k-fold cross validation (k=10) for each step of forward selection was recorded. The 100 iterations of k-fold CV were not strictly necessary, but because NB is computationally inexpensive, this was done to reduce the variance of estimated performance. The resulting scores are shown in figures 4 and 5 in the next section, and they show that the raw data gave superior performance when compared to the decorrelated set.
The final step to the modeling process was to fit 67% of the raw data, and score the remaining 33%. These results will also be shown in the next section.
For the raw data, modeling the top five features gave the best results, and the decorrelated data performed best when using only the component with the greatest eigenvalue.
The raw data shows peaks for all metrics, except for recall (peaks at top two), when using the top five features. For this classification problem, recall is a metric of high importance, but the decline from it’s peak is very small (delta = -0.0015) compared to the gain in precision (delta = 0.026).
For the decorrelated set, the interpretation is not as clear since there is a sizable gain in recall when using the top nine or ten components, though the drop in precision is significant. While it is dangerous to produce false negative diagnoses, it can also be costly (and frightening to patients) to produce false positives, where the latter would occur nearly 21% of the time with the top ten components, compared to 4.5% when using only the most significant component. This presents a more difficult choice for choosing components for modeling.
Modeling the raw data gives superior results. To that end, the final model used the top five features according to estimated importance.
The final model was fitted to the top 5 features of 67% of the raw data, and scored on the remaining 33%. The results are tabulated below:
| Accuracy | Precision | Recall | F1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Final Scores | 0.936 | 0.923 | 0.896 | 0.909 |
The scores in table 1 above are promising for such a simple model. While certainly not perfect, other classifiers could likely achieve better results. The scores can be interpreted as follows:
The performance achieved with raw data and a simple Naive Bayes model was reasonably high, though it is likely that other statistical models or machine learning techniques could improve on these results, and the prediction threshold could also be adjusted to increase the sensitivity (recall).
Only one type of statistical model was used to produce diagnoses, and the feature selection process was limited to only what a random forest classifier determined were the most important features. Model ensembles and domain knowledge could help improve the modeling process.


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ControllerColliderHit 控制碰撞器碰撞
ControllerColliderHit is used by CharacterController.OnControllerColliderHit to give detailed information about the collision and how to deal with it.
ControllerColliderHit使用于CharacterController.OnControllerColliderHit关于碰撞以及如何处理它提供更多详细信息。
Variables变量
-
The controller that hit the collider
碰到碰撞器的控制器。 -
The collider that was hit by the controller
由控制器碰到的碰撞器。 -
The rigidbody that was hit by the controller.
由控制器碰到的刚体。 -
The game object that was hit by the controller.
控制器碰到的游戏物体。 -
The transform that was hit by the controller.
控制器碰到的变换（transform）。 -
The impact point in world space
在世界坐标空间的碰撞点。 -
The normal of the surface we collided with in world space
在世界坐标空间碰撞表面的法线。 -
Approximately the direction from the center of the capsule to the point we touch.
这能用于查找合适的方向应用力到接触的刚体。 -
How far the character has travelled until it hit the collider.
直到它碰到碰撞器之前角色移动了多少距离。
最后修改：2010年12月23日 Thursday 20:12