BY EDWIN JAHIEL
TWO FAMILY HOUSE (2000) *** Directed and written by Raymond De Felitta. Photography, Michael Mayers. Editing, David Leonard. Production design, Teresa Mastropierro. Cast: Michael Rispoli (Buddy Visalo), Kelly Macdonald (Mary O'Neary), Katherine Narducci (Estelle Visalo), Kevin Conway (Jim O'Neary), et al. A Lions Gate release. 104 minutes. PG-13. At the Art.
I know little about writer/director Raymond De Felitta except that: his first film was a short, Bronx Cheers, which had an Oscar nomination. His second film was the feature Cafe Society which debuted at the 1995 Cannes Festival in the Directors' Fortnight series. Its US release was super-minimal as RDF distributed the film himself. He co-wrote the 1998 Shadow of a Doubt, then came Two Family House which received the Audience Award at Sundance 2000.
What I do know is that RDF had a beloved uncle called Buddy; that Buddy is the inspiration for Two Family House, not in every fact and detail but enough to make this into a veristic movie, verismo being an Italian term for everyday realism in life applied to art. And that Uncle Buddy would be proud of his nephew.
The setting is Staten Island in 1956 (and a bit beyond), among Italian-Americans. There is an Irish community too but the two groups keep apart, have no kind words for each other.
 His first dream was in the Navy, where he once sang nicely O Sole Mio before the famous Arthur Godfrey. Buddy was hoping to make it on Godfrey's TV program. But his wife Estelle discouraged his venturing outside the more modest Italian lifestyle and occupations. Buddy, a factory worker, went on to more schemes that failed, then to his final dream: to buy a two-story house where he and Estelle would live upstairs, while he would transform the downstairs into Buddy's Bar.
He finds a dilapidated old place, but before he can begin to give it shape he discovers that upstairs live Jim, an older, foul-mouthed Irish-American drunkard and his far younger, pretty and most pregnant Irish-Irish wife Mary. There's no way to get rid of Jim who has refused to pay rent for years yet can defy eviction thanks to a peculiar local law.
When Buddy and his buddies menace eviction by force, the hubbub precipitates the birth of Mary's child. It is a special case which I cannot disclose, but which results in Jim's disappearance. This is soon followed by Mary's eviction. Yet soft-hearted Buddy arranges for her to leave the tawdry hotel she moved to with the baby. He rents better quarters for them, and gradually he and the lass becomes friends, to say the least.
What follows is a relationship and a string of events which are at the same time simple but also complicated, even complex developments. All this is redolent of Italian-American working class realism, types, valiant drinks at the local bar which is like a club for Buddy's friends, and of enough cigarette smoke to induce global warming.
I will not dwell on the march of time within the plot and spoil the viewer's fun. However I should mention that several of the actors are familiar to many from TV's The Sopranos; that the actress who plays the Irish Mary is, in fact a Scotswoman; that Estelle is a Class C termagant; and that there are no Mafiosi, gangsters and others of that ilk around, not even in mentions or allusions.
The last point is refreshing. I remember when Frank Sinatra (whose ties with the underworld were blatant) went to bat accusing the media of caricaturing Italian-Americans as members of organized crime, and --I believe-- as screen clichés even if they were ordinary people. I am afraid that Sinatra had a point. Movies still used to stereotype minorities until some years ago. Especially Italians. For comic purposes some stereotyping was innocuous, but then the films made it clear that these were blatantly farcical exaggerations.
Think of Sig Ruman who played outrageous Teutonic characters, always the butt of jokes: Herman Gotlieb (A Night at the Opera), Dr. Steinberg (A Day at the Races), Dr. Wuthering (Love Crazy), Heinrich Stubel (A Night in Casablanca), Dr. Eggelhoffer (Nothing Sacred), Colonel Ehrhardt (To Be or Not to be), Schultz (Stalag 17) and more. Then think of the plethora of Italian-Americans over the full spectrum of Hollywood films, as often nice but always "realistically amusing" types.
The backlash nowadays is political correctness which tends to eliminate colorfulness, even when it is justified. I think Sinatra would have approved how Two Family House tells its tale "like it is" and with genuine warmth.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
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Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


See: Description
| Interface | Description |
|---|---|
| IEntity |
The Interface IEntity.
|
| IIngest |
The Interface IIngest.
|
| IParaphraseStore |
The Interface IParaphraseStore.
|
| IQuery |
The Interface IQuery.
|
| ISlot |
The Interface ISlot.
|
| ITripleStore |
The Interface IKnowledgeBase.
|
| IValue |
The Interface IValue.
|
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| AbstractDataSource |
The Class DataSource.
|
| ConnectionProperties |
The Class ConnectionProperties.
|
| DataSourceFactory |
The Class DataSourceFactory has following responsibilies: (1) maintains list
one or more available data sources (2) Provides methods to create and add new
data source.
|
| FileSource |
The Class FileSource.
|
| Justification |
The Class Justification.
|
| LatLonPoint |
The Class LatLonPoint.
|
| NELLKB |
The Class NELLKB.
|
| ParaphraseStore |
The Class ParaphraseStore.
|
| QueryObject |
The Class QueryObject.
|
| Range<T extends Comparable<T>> |
The Class Range.
|
| Search |
The Class Search.
|
| SearchObject |
The Class SearchObject.
|
| TripleStore |
The Class TripleStore.
|
| Enum | Description |
|---|---|
| AbstractDataSource.DataSourceConnectionStatus |
The Enum DataSourceConnectionStatus.
|
| AbstractDataSource.DataSourceType |
The Enum DataSourceType.
|
| QueryType |
The Enum QueryType.
|
| Exception | Description |
|---|---|
| AdeptDataException |
AdeptDataException is to handle exceptions pertaining to data.
|
Copyright © 2012–2017 Raytheon BBN Technologies. All rights reserved.


For Project 2, add something useful here.
For part 1, we were asked to solve the following equations using the Multivariate Newtons method.
\begin{align} (x-A_1)^2+(y-B_1)^2+(z-C_1)^2&=[c(t_1-d)]^2\\ (x-A_2)^2+(y-B_2)^2+(z-C_2)^2&=[c(t_2-d)]^2\\ (x-A_3)^2+(y-B_3)^2+(z-C_3)^2&=[c(t_3-d)]^2\\ (x-A_4)^2+(y-B_4)^2+(z-C_4)^2&=[c(t_4-d)]^2 \end{align}For part 2, we used the following equations.
\begin{align} (x-A_1)^2+(y-B_1)^2+(z-C_1)^2&=[c(t_1-d)]^2\\ (x-A_2)^2+(y-B_2)^2+(z-C_2)^2&=[c(t_2-d)]^2\\ (x-A_3)^2+(y-B_3)^2+(z-C_3)^2&=[c(t_3-d)]^2\\ (x-A_4)^2+(y-B_4)^2+(z-C_4)^2&=[c(t_4-d)]^2 \end{align}Subtracting the last three equations from the first equation yields three linear equations in the form $$x \vec{u}_x + y \vec{u}_y + z \vec{u}_z + d \vec{u}_d + \vec{w} = 0$$
If we multiply out our first equation $$(x-A_1)^2+(y-B_1)^2+(z-C_1)^2=c^2(t_1-d)^2$$ it should yield $$x^2-2A_1x+A_1^2+y^2-2B_1y+B_1^2+z^2-2C_1z+C_1^2=c^2 t_1^2 d + c^2 d^2$$
If we do the same thing with the second equation and subtract it from the first, yields $$(2A_2-2A_1)x+(2B_2-2B_1)y+(2C_2-2C_1)z = c^2 (t_1-t_2) + (2 c^2 t_2 - 2 c^2 t_1) d$$
Now, we rearrange this equationsi $$0 = (2A_2-2A_1)x+(2B_2-2B_1)y+(2C_2-2C_1)z + (2 c^2 t_1 - 2 c^2 t_2) + c^2(t_2 - t_1) d $$
Subtracting equations 3 and 4 will result in equations in the same form as the above equation (but the subscripts will change):
\begin{align} 0 &= (2A_3-2A_1)x+(2B_3-2B_1)y+(2C_3-2C_1)z + (2 c^2 t_1 - 2 c^2 t_3) + c^2(t_3 - t_1) d\\ 0 &= (2A_4-2A_1)x+(2B_4-2B_1)y+(2C_4-2C_1)z + (2 c^2 t_1 - 2 c^2 t_4) + c^2(t_4 - t_1) d \end{align}We can then establish a formula for \(x\) in terms of \(d\) from $$0=\det{\left[\vec{u}_y | \vec{u}_z | x \vec{u}_x + y \vec{u}_y + z \vec{u}_z + d \vec{u}_d + \vec{w}\right]}$$
Our earlier computations gave us the following vector components
\begin{align} \vec{u}_x &= 2 \begin{pmatrix}A_2-A_1\\A_3-A_1\\A_4-A_1\end{pmatrix}\\ \vec{u}_y &= 2 \begin{pmatrix}B_2-B_1\\B_3-B_1\\B_4-B_1\end{pmatrix}\\ \vec{u}_z &= 2 \begin{pmatrix}C_2-C_1\\C_3-C_1\\C_4-C_1\end{pmatrix}\\ \vec{u}_d &= 2 c^2 \begin{pmatrix}t_1-t_2\\t_1-t_3\\t_1-t_4\end{pmatrix}\\ \vec{w} &= c^2 \begin{pmatrix}t_2-t_1\\t_3-t_1\\t_4-t_1\end{pmatrix} \end{align}


Despite the beauty of the moon, sun and the stars, the sky also has a threatening thunder and striking lightening.
~ Afrikan Proverb


Eloquent: Serialization
- Introduction
- Serializing Models & Collections
- Hiding Attributes From JSON
- Appending Values To JSON
- Date Serialization
Introduction
When building APIs using Laravel, you will often need to convert your models and relationships to arrays or JSON. Eloquent includes convenient methods for making these conversions, as well as controlling which attributes are included in the serialized representation of your models.
{tip} For an even more robust way of handling Eloquent model and collection JSON serialization, check out the documentation on Eloquent API resources.
Serializing Models & Collections
Serializing To Arrays
To convert a model and its loaded relationships to an array, you should use the toArray
method. This method is recursive, so all attributes and all relations (including the relations of relations) will be converted to arrays:
use App\Models\User;
$user = User::with('roles')->first();
return $user->toArray();
The attributesToArray
method may be used to convert a model's attributes to an array but not its relationships:
$user = User::first();
return $user->attributesToArray();
You may also convert entire collections of models to arrays by calling the toArray
method on the collection instance:
$users = User::all();
return $users->toArray();
Serializing To JSON
To convert a model to JSON, you should use the toJson
method. Like toArray
, the toJson
method is recursive, so all attributes and relations will be converted to JSON. You may also specify any JSON encoding options that are supported by PHP:
use App\Models\User;
$user = User::find(1);
return $user->toJson();
return $user->toJson(JSON_PRETTY_PRINT);
Alternatively, you may cast a model or collection to a string, which will automatically call the toJson
method on the model or collection:
return (string) User::find(1);
Since models and collections are converted to JSON when cast to a string, you can return Eloquent objects directly from your application's routes or controllers. Laravel will automatically serialize your Eloquent models and collections to JSON when they are returned from routes or controllers:
Route::get('users', function () {
return User::all();
});
Relationships
When an Eloquent model is converted to JSON, its loaded relationships will automatically be included as attributes on the JSON object. Also, though Eloquent relationship methods are defined using "camel case" method names, a relationship's JSON attribute will be "snake case".
Hiding Attributes From JSON
Sometimes you may wish to limit the attributes, such as passwords, that are included in your model's array or JSON representation. To do so, add a $hidden
property to your model. In attributes that are listed in the $hidden
property's array will not be included in the serialized representation of your model:
<?php
namespace App\Models;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class User extends Model
{
/**
* The attributes that should be hidden for arrays.
*
* @var array
*/
protected $hidden = ['password'];
}
{tip} To hide relationships, add the relationship's method name to your Eloquent model's
$hidden
property.
Alternatively, you may use the visible
property to define an "allow list" of attributes that should be included in your model's array and JSON representation. All attributes that are not present in the $visible
array will be hidden when the model is converted to an array or JSON:
<?php
namespace App\Models;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class User extends Model
{
/**
* The attributes that should be visible in arrays.
*
* @var array
*/
protected $visible = ['first_name', 'last_name'];
}
Temporarily Modifying Attribute Visibility
If you would like to make some typically hidden attributes visible on a given model instance, you may use the makeVisible
method. The makeVisible
method returns the model instance:
return $user->makeVisible('attribute')->toArray();
Likewise, if you would like to hide some attributes that are typically visible, you may use the makeHidden
method.
return $user->makeHidden('attribute')->toArray();
Appending Values To JSON
Occasionally, when converting models to arrays or JSON, you may wish to add attributes that do not have a corresponding column in your database. To do so, first define an accessor for the value:
<?php
namespace App\Models;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class User extends Model
{
/**
* Determine if the user is an administrator.
*
* @return bool
*/
public function getIsAdminAttribute()
{
return $this->attributes['admin'] === 'yes';
}
}
After creating the accessor, add the attribute name to the appends
property of your model. Note that attribute names are typically referenced using their "snake case" serialized representation, even though the accessor's PHP method is defined using "camel case":
<?php
namespace App\Models;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
class User extends Model
{
/**
* The accessors to append to the model's array form.
*
* @var array
*/
protected $appends = ['is_admin'];
}
Once the attribute has been added to the appends
list, it will be included in both the model's array and JSON representations. Attributes in the appends
array will also respect the visible
and hidden
settings configured on the model.
Appending At Run Time
At runtime, you may instruct a model instance to append additional attributes using the append
method. Or, you may use the setAppends
method to override the entire array of appended properties for a given model instance:
return $user->append('is_admin')->toArray();
return $user->setAppends(['is_admin'])->toArray();
Date Serialization
Customizing The Default Date Format
You may customize the default serialization format by overriding the serializeDate
method. This method does not affect how your dates are formatted for storage in the database:
/**
* Prepare a date for array / JSON serialization.
*
* @param \DateTimeInterface $date
* @return string
*/
protected function serializeDate(DateTimeInterface $date)
{
return $date->format('Y-m-d');
}
Customizing The Date Format Per Attribute
You may customize the serialization format of individual Eloquent date attributes by specifying the date format in the model's cast declarations:
protected $casts = [
'birthday' => 'date:Y-m-d',
'joined_at' => 'datetime:Y-m-d H:00',
];


|
ResCafé is a Swing-based Java utility for reading
and extracting resources such as ICONs and MENUs from the
Resource Forks of Macintosh files. It is somewhat similar
to ResEdit on MacOS except that it is not an editor; it
operates on files in a read-only fashion.
ResCafé was created with one main idea in mind -
extensibility.
There are so many different types of
resources and not everyone is interested in the same ones
(though there are some that are probably more in demand,
such as Icons). I didn't want to write a parser, what I
call a
Handler,
for all of them, nor did I want to
exclude potential new ones or force a recompile to add
them. So I've tried to implement a kind of
Plugin Architecture
which, while awkward in places, seems to
work well overall. It even
auto-detects
new plugins (with some caveats)! Cool!
However, if someone out there knows a lot
about plugins in Java apps or the location of a tutorial,
I'd love to
hear about it.
Along those lines of of extensibility, I wrote
ResPresso
which is a text-only, command-line program
that reuses the ResourceManager package and the plugins as
well.
I hope someone will write some cool plugins - mine
are kinda boring. I also took this as an opportunity to
explore:
- Swing, which is really cool and powerful once you get
to know it; A vast improvement over AWT.
- the MVC (Model-View-Controller) design
framework/architecture/whatever. I hope I'm using it
right. It seems to a pretty good way to build stuff, but
it can be tricky. I might have kludged it a bit at
times.
|


ASORTD (Algoirthm Sorting Display) helps visualize a few of the various sorting algorithms that are most often taught in the computer science curriculum.


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'Science teacher, 32, sexted nude photos and videos to two 14 year-old boys'
by Jimmy McCloskeyA 32 year-old teacher sexted inappropriate images of herself to two 14 year-old students, sheriff’s deputies say.
Science teacher Ashley Henson Beasley is said to have shared the X-rated photos and videos with the boys she taught at Hunters Creek Middle School in Onslow County, North Carolina.
Beasley, a married mother of three was arrested on Friday, two days after Onslow County Sheriff’s Office were alerted to an anonymous tip the school had received about her alleged behavior.
A spokesman explained: ‘The information was that a teacher at Hunters Creek Middle School was having an inappropriate relationship with two 14-year-old male students.
‘An investigation by the Sheriff’s Office Special Victim’s unit was began immediately thereafter and revealed that Ashley Henson Beasley sent inappropriate photos and videos of herself to two of her students at the Hunters Creek Middle School.’
Sheriff’s deputies have yet to say what the images showed, or give further information on how Beasley’s alleged crimes were spotted by the tipster.
She has been charged with two counts of indecent liberties with a child and two counts of felony indecent liberties with a student by a teacher.
Beasley is being held at Onslow County Sheriff’s Detention Center on $80,000 bond and is due in court Monday.
She resigned and surrendered her teaching license last Thursday.
Beasley had only started working at Hunters Creek in August this year.
A spokesman for Onslow County Schools said: ‘Our heart goes out to all of those who have been affected by the events that have resulted in charges being filed against Ashley Beasley.’
The spokesman added that the allegations made against Beasley were ‘in stark contrast to our expectations.’


Pompeo announces softer US stance on Israel's settlements – video
by Reuters
The US has effectively backed Israel's right to build settlements on the occupied West Bank by abandoning its four-decade position that they were 'inconsistent with international law'
US says Israeli settlements no longer considered illegal in dramatic shift


Ex-Arsenal star Henry to coach Montreal Impact
by Agency ReportEx-Arsenal star Thierry Henry has been appointed coach at MLS franchise Montreal Impact on a two-year contract, the Canadian club announced Thursday.
“Welcome to Montreal @ThierryHenry!” the Major League Soccer club tweeted.
Henry, whose baptism of fire as a manager ended in disaster at French club Monaco when he was fired in January, will coach the Canadian club for a minimum of two seasons, Montreal Impact said.
“Henry signed a two-year deal, with an option for 2022,” the club said on its website.
Henry, 42, who helped France win the World Cup in 1998, is familiar with the MLS, having played from 2010 to 2014 with the New York Red Bulls.
“It’s an honour to coach the Montreal Impact and returns to MLS,” Henry said on the website.
“It’s a league I know well, in which I had some very nice moments. To be in Quebec, in Montreal, which has an enormous multicultural heritage, it’s extraordinary. I’ve always kept an eye on the club and now I’m here.”
The former Arsenal and Barcelona striker will take over from January from Colombian Wilmer Cabrera, who was interim coach following the sacking of Frenchman Remi Garde in August.
Henry’s first job as a coach at his former club Monaco in France’s Ligue 1 ended in humiliation when he was unceremoniously dumped after just three months in charge.
The team had plummeted to second-from-bottom in the league with just 15 points.
The experience, however, never dimmed his ambition to coach.
Montreal Impact missed out on the 2019 playoffs, finishing ninth in the Eastern Conference.
(AFP)


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| [Bolt of Woolen Cloth]
| 75
|
| Learned from any tailoring trainer.
|
| [Simple Kilt]
| 75
|
- 4 [Bolt of Linen Cloth]
- 1 [Fine Thread]
| Learned from any tailoring trainer.
|
| [Woolen Cape]
| 75
|
- 5 [Bolt of Woolen Cloth]
- 1 [Fine Thread]
| Learned from any tailoring trainer.
|
| [Barbaric Linen Vest]
| 70
|
- 4 [Bolt of Linen Cloth]
- 1 [Fine Thread]
- 1 [Light Leather]
| Learned from any tailoring trainer.
|
| [Green Linen Shirt]
| 70
|
- 3 [Bolt of Linen Cloth]
- 1 [Green Dye]
- 1 [Fine Thread]
| Learned from any tailoring trainer.
|
| [Handstitched Linen Britches]
| 70
|
- 4 [Bolt of Linen Cloth]
- 2 [Fine Thread]
| Learned from any tailoring trainer.
|
| [Linen Boots]
| 65
|
- 3 [Bolt of Linen Cloth]
- 1 [Coarse Thread]
- 1 [Light Leather]
| Learned from any tailoring trainer.
|
|
| [Green Linen Bracers]
| 60
|
- 3 [Bolt of Linen Cloth]
- 2 [Coarse Thread]
- 1 [Green Dye]
| Learned from any tailoring trainer.
|
| [Reinforced Linen Cape]
| 60
|
- 2 [Bolt of Linen Cloth]
- 3 [Coarse Thread]
| Learned from any tailoring trainer.
|
| [Red Linen Vest]
| 55
|
- 3 [Bolt of Linen Cloth]
- 1 [Coarse Thread]
- 1 [Red Dye]
| Recipe is dropped by mobs.
|
| [Linen Bag]
| 45
|
- 3 [Bolt of Linen Cloth]
- 3 [Coarse Thread]
|
- 6 slots
- Learned from any tailoring trainer.
|
| [Blue Linen Shirt]
| 40
|
- 1 [Blue Dye]
- 2 [Bolt of Linen Cloth]
- 1 [Coarse Thread]
| Learned from any tailoring trainer.
|
| [Heavy Linen Bandage]
| 40
|
| Learned from any bandage trainer.
|
| [Red Linen Shirt]
| 40
|
- 2 [Bolt of Linen Cloth]
- 1 [Coarse Thread]
- 1 [Red Dye]
| Learned from any tailoring trainer.
|
| [Simple Dress]
| 40
|
- 1 [Bleach]
- 1 [Blue Dye]
- 2 [Bolt of Linen Cloth]
- 1 [Coarse Thread]
| Learned from any tailoring trainer.
|
| [Heavy Linen Gloves]
| 35
|
- 2 [Bolt of Linen Cloth]
- 1 [Coarse Thread]
| Learned from any tailoring trainer.
|
| [Brown Linen Pants]
| 30
|
- 2 [Bolt of Linen Cloth]
- 1 [Coarse Thread]
| Learned from any tailoring trainer.
|
| [Brown Linen Robe]
| 30
|
- 3 [Bolt of Linen Cloth]
- 1 [Coarse Thread]
| Learned from any tailoring trainer.
|
| [White Linen Robe]
| 30
|
- 1 [Bleach]
- 3 [Bolt of Linen Cloth]
- 1 [Coarse Thread]
| Learned from any tailoring trainer.
|
| [Simple Linen Boots]
| 20
|
- 2 [Bolt of Linen Cloth]
- 1 [Coarse Thread]
- 1 [Light Leather]
| Learned from any tailoring trainer.
|
| [Linen Belt]
| 15
|
- 1 [Bolt of Linen Cloth]
- 1 [Coarse Thread]
| Learned from any tailoring trainer.
|
| [Brown Linen Vest]
| 10
|
- 1 [Bolt of Linen Cloth]
- 1 [Coarse Thread]
| Learned from any tailoring trainer.
|
| [Bolt of Linen Cloth]
| 1
|
| Automatically learned when you learn the tailoring profession.
|
| [Brown Linen Shirt]
| 1
|
- 1 [Bolt of Linen Cloth]
- 1 [Coarse Thread]
| Automatically learned when you learn the tailoring profession.
|
| [Linen Bandage]
| 1
|
| Automatically learned when you learn the tailoring profession.
|
| [Linen Cloak]
| 1
|
- 1 [Bolt of Linen Cloth]
- 1 [Coarse Thread]
| Automatically learned when you learn the tailoring profession.
|
| [Simple Linen Pants]
| 1
|
- 1 [Bolt of Linen Cloth]
- 1 [Coarse Thread]
| Automatically learned when you learn the tailoring profession.
|
| [White Linen Shirt]
| 1
|
- 1 [Bleach]
- 1 [Bolt of Linen Cloth]
- 1 [Coarse Thread]
| Learned from any tailoring trainer.
|


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“Mount Sion is a place where our children can develop physically, emotionally, intellectually and spiritually in a safe and caring environment”.
Mount Sion, CBS., Waterford, is a Catholic all boys secondary school under the trusteeship of the Edmund Rice Schools Trust. In Mount Sion we place emphasis on the holistic development of the individual. Our school incorporates a “Pastoral” approach to education which seeks to value and develop the young person. The SPHE Programme provides our students with the unique opportunity to develop their skills and competencies and learn about themselves and others and to make informed decision about their health, personal issues and social development.
Aims of SPHEMount Sion develops the SPHE primary school programme and at this level aims to;
SPHE is taught in the following modules:
Some methods and activities which can support the experimental learning cycle include:
It is recognised that aspects of the SPHE Programme are currently informally addressed and supported in other subject areas. Such subject areas include Physical Education, Religious Education, Civic, Social & Political Education, Science at Junior Cycle level and Biology at Senior Level. This programme is also supported through the Pastoral Care System, Class Teacher and Year Head System, Home-School Community Liaison, and Guidance Counsellor. The Anti-Bullying Policy and the Substance Misuse Policy also support the aims of the SPHE Programme.
Management and Organisation of SPHE in Mount SionThe school is presently committed to offering all classes one period of SPHE per week at Junior Cycle Level. Within that time Relationships and Sexuality Education is taught as a module of 6-8 lessons.
At senior level, SPHE is incorporated into the Religious Education content and it is aimed to provide classes yearly on Relationships and Sexuality Education (RSE).
Through RSE, the school aims to provide opportunities for students to learn about relationships and sexuality in ways that help them to think and act in a moral, caring and responsible way.
The RSE Programme aims to:Teachers will use materials deemed suitable and appropriate for students needs and in accordance with the school ethos.
The content of the RSE Programme is described under three themes. These themes are neither sequential nor discrete; they manage and overlap with each other.
1. Human Growth and Development
This theme consists of an age appropriate understanding of the biology and psychology of the human life cycle. This is accompanied by a rationale for responsible behaviour in relationships and sexual activity.
2. Human Sexuality
Sexuality is an integral part of the human personality and has biological, psychological, cultural, social and spiritual dimensions. The theme offers opportunities to develop a holistic understanding of sexuality as contributing to the development of personal well being, enhancing personal and family relationships and ultimately contributing to the well being of society.
3. Human Relationships
This theme focuses on the importance of relationships for health and well-being. It examines how one relates to self and others, stressing the importance of self-esteem as a basis for worthwhile friendships and relationships. It addresses issues such as communication, influence, intimacy, sexual attraction and sexual expression in relationships consistent with personal and moral integrity.
Staff Development and TrainingInsofar as practicable, all resources needed in terms of time, finance and personnel will be made available in order to develop and support the SPHE Programme in this school. On-going teacher training is seen as an essential element in delivering the programme. The objectives of such training are to enhance the personal growth of the teacher and to enable the teacher to acquire the knowledge, understanding and skills necessary to facilitate the SPHE Programme.
The SPHE Programme will be supported by the SPHE Support Service.
Confidentiality
The normal limits of confidentiality will apply.
Sensitive Issues
Class discussions will be general in nature and not personally directed. While it is acknowledged that teachers have a professional responsibility to impart the SPHE course content, the needs of the student will be addressed in a caring and supportive manner. If individual issues emerge, they will be referred on by the teacher to the appropriate person(s).
Participation
SPHE is a core curricular subject on the Junior Cycle curriculum. It is the right of any parent to withdraw their child from the RSE module of the programme, However, suitable supervision must be agreed with the school management The RSE module is informed by the rationale of the school’s RSE policy.
Role of Visitors
The SPHE teacher will consult with the SPHE Co-ordinator and Principal in relation to the suitability of guest speakers prior to their invitation to the school. Visitors to SPHE classes will deal with discussions in line with the aims of the programme and the ethos of the school.
Involving and Informing Staff
All staff will be made aware of the existence of this policy, as it will be circulated amongst them and their views sought. The School is committed to informing staff on a regular basis about SPHE through delivery at staff meeting and use of notice board.
Monitoring of SPHE Policy
This will form part of SPHE subject planning group meetings. Any suggested changes will be discussed with the Principal, recorded and made available in the school office. Review procedures
The policy will be reviewed annually, or in the light of changing information, by the SPHE Policy Working Group. Review will take place in consultation with the wider school community.
Evaluation of the Policy
Teachers, Parents, Students and Board of Management will be involved in the evaluation of the policy when it has been in place for one year from date of its acceptance. Any changes will be incorporated into the amended policy.
The three main areas of the policy to be evaluated are:


| Subject | Buyer | Customer | Created | Assign To | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{rfq.subject}} | {{rfq.Buyer.name || "-"}} | {{rfq.Buyer.Customer.company}} | {{rfq.createdAt | date:'medium'}} | {{(rfq.User.firstName + " " + rfq.User.lastName).trim() || rfq.User.email || "-"}} |
| Subject | Buyer | Customer | Created | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{rfq.subject}} | {{rfq.Buyer.name || "-"}} | {{rfq.Buyer.Customer.company}} | {{rfq.createdAt | date:'medium'}} | Check Feasibility Assign to Me |


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block page_title %} Using you hands {% endblock %} {% block content %} {% include "../includes/phase_banner_alpha.html" %} Using your hands Which of the following do you have physical trouble with? Pressing buttons on a telephone keypad Turning the pages of a book Picking up a £1 coin from a table Holding a pen or pencil Using a standard keyboard or mouse or You do not have any problems with your hands How often do you have difficulty with any of the above? At least once a day Once a week Once a month Other Explain how the difficulty you have with your hands affects you. {% endblock %}
or


This page can be run offline, it is
OPEN SOURCE and uses
buidl.js an easy to use layer on top of the
BitcoinJS library.
Create a key pair using the raw bytes of a file. It's important to be aware that this file should be absolutely unique, such as a photo you took and have never shared and has never been accessible on an internet connected device.
If you intend to use the source file as your back-up (instead of saving the resulting paper wallet or private key) keep in mind any changes to the file (INCLUDING META DATA) will result in a different key pair.
USE AT YOUR OWN RISK.


| G_banking {lattice} | R Documentation |
Calculates banking slope
banking(dx, dy)
dx, dy |
vector of consecutive x, y differences. |
banking
is the banking function used when
aspect = "xy"
in high level Trellis functions. It is usually not
very meaningful except with xyplot
. It considers the
absolute slopes (based on dx
and dy
) and returns a value
which when adjusted by the panel scale limits will make the median of
the above absolute slopes correspond to a 45 degree line.
This function was inspired by the discussion of banking in the
documentation for Trellis Graphics available at Bell Labs' website
(see Lattice
), but is most likely identical to an
algorithm described by Cleveland et al (see below). It is
not clear (to the author) whether this is the algorithm used in
S-PLUS. Alternative banking rules, implemented as a similar function,
can be used as a drop-in replacement by suitably modifying
lattice.options("banking")
.
Deepayan Sarkar<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Cleveland, William S. and McGill, Marylyn E. and McGill, Robert (1988) “The Shape Parameter of a Two-variable Graph”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 83, 289–300.
## with and without banking plot <- xyplot(sunspot.year ~ 1700:1988, xlab = "", type = "l", scales = list(x = list(alternating = 2)), main = "Yearly Sunspots") print(plot, position = c(0, .3, 1, .9), more = TRUE) print(update(plot, aspect = "xy", main = "", xlab = "Year"), position = c(0, 0, 1, .3)) ## cut-and-stack plot (see also xyplot.ts) xyplot(sunspot.year ~ time(sunspot.year) | equal.count(time(sunspot.year)), xlab = "", type = "l", aspect = "xy", strip = FALSE, scales = list(x = list(alternating = 2, relation = "sliced")), as.table = TRUE, main = "Yearly Sunspots")


The scripts are cleaned up through an automated process. The cleaning process is not perfect and there are
likely weird errors, although I have tried to minimize these.
Games are partitioned according to the text source. So, for example, Final Fantasy 7's script
has a few long pages whereas Final Fantasy 8's script is divided across many pages, but each page is short.
The code to generate all of the script files is available on
github.
This website was written in django and is also available on
github.


There are --------- major goals of information security.
(a)two
(b)three
(c)four
(d)None of the above
---------- refers to unauthorized access to an interception of data.
(a)DOS
(b)Repudiation
(c)Snooping
(d)Traffic Analysis
RSA is used in -----------.
(a)Authentication
(b)Digital signature
(c)Padding
(d)Repudiation
A --------- replaces one symbol with another.
(a)block cipher
(b)stream cipher
(c)substitution cipher
(d)transposition cipher
----------- padding bits must be added to a messaage of 1000 characters if 8-bit ASCII is used for encoding and the block cipher accepts blocks of 128 bits.
(a)32
(b)64
(c)96
(d)128
Which modes of operation are used for encipherment of random-access files?
(a)CFB and CTR
(b)CTR and ECB
(c)ECB and CFB
(d)ECB and OFB
-------- hides the relationship between the ciphertext and the plaintext.
(a)Confusion
(b)Diffusion
(c)Rounds
(d)Synchronous stream cipher
Modern symmetic-key ciphers are ------- ciphers.
(a)bit-oriented
(b)character and bit oriented
(c)character-oriented
(d)None of the above
Which are the size of data unit in RC4 and A5/1.
(a)8 bit and 228 bit
(b)32 bit and 56 bit
(c)32 bit and 64 bit
(d)64 bit and 128 bit
-------- is based on personal key.
(a)Monoalpabetic Cipher
(b)Polyalpabetic Cipher
(c)Synchronous Stream Cipher
(d)Symmetic-key cryptography
Suppose that we have the following network nodes A,B,C,D and E:
<-----Enter photo------->
How many keys do we have to generate such that A,B,C adn D can communicate with E in a bidirectioanl secure way using a symmetric encryption algorithm?
Suppose that we have 8 noeds in a network. How many symmetic keys do we need such that every pair of nodes can communicate in a safe way?
What is the transposition cipher? The encryption key in a transposition cipher is (3,2,6,1,5,4).Find the decryption key.
Give the security strength of Playfair Cipher. Encrypt the message "Questions" using the Playfair cipher with key "TOPSECRET". How many possible keys does the Playfair cipher have? In thei cipher, say whether it is a stream cipher or block cipher?
What is the cryptanalysis? Use a brute-force attack to decipher the following message enciphered by Alic using an additive cipher.
"IRIQCXLVVMXSW"
(20 marks)
Distinguish between jthe Avalanche and Completencess Effect?
While DES keys are 64 bits long, but its effective key length is only 56 bits, why?
Using S-De ket generation algorithm and the following bables, generates the two 8-bit keys out of a 10-bit cipher key "1011101010"
<-----Enter table----->
Show the enctyption ad decryption and decryption diagram for CBC mode and write the decryption algorithm in pseudo code for CBC mode.
In A5/1, find the value of the following functions. In each case, show how many LFSRs are clocked.
(i)Majority (1,0,0) (ii)Majoity (0,1,1)
(iii)Majortity (0,0,1) (iv)Majority(1,1,0)
Define ECB and list its advantages and disadvantages.(20 Marks)
Define a trapdoor one-way function and explain its use in asymmetric-key cryptography. To understand the security of RSA algrithm, find d if you know that e=11 and n=221.
In EIGamal public key cryptosystem, Bob choose 17 as p. He then choosed d=7, r=4 and e1 = 3.
(i)Calculate Bob's public key ad private key
(ii)Encrypt and decrypt the plaintext 15.
In the elliptic curve E(1,2) over the GF(17) field, find the equation of curve.(20 Marks)


Information Sources
-
https://www.state.gov/t/avc/trty/102360.htm
-
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/20/trump-us-nuclear-arms-treaty-russia
-
https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/01/politics/us-russia-nuclear-arms-treaty-pompeo/index.html
-
https://www.rt.com/news/450395-russia-suspends-inf-treaty/


PARTY GIRL A film review by James Meek Copyright 1995 James Meek
First Look Pictures Releasing Directed by: Daisy von Scherler Mayer Cinematography by: Michael Slovis Written by: Harry Birckmayer, Sheila Gaffney, Daisy von Scherler Mayer Edited by: Cara Silverman Starring: Parker Posey, Omar Townsend, Sasha Von Scherler, Guillermo Diaz
PARTY GIRL is the kind of movie that brings out the kitschy adjective thesaurus in me: It's a swanky flourish of a movie that grooves its way into your heart.
Parker Posey, as Mary, is the driving force behind the movie. Without her, the film would be a fairly run-of-the-mill Happening Scene movie about glammy people in New York. Without Posey, in fact, the movie would be downright dull. Posey, however, incarnates a wonderful screen charisma. Not only does she have great gams, slightly pouty lips, and a killer jawline (reminiscent of Ione Skye), but she's got capital-P Pizzazz! She's the life of the party, the belle of the ball, the hostess with the mostest.
You might remember Posey from DAZED AND CONFUSED, the film from a couple of summers ago about high school in the '70's. That film featured a large, diverse cast, but Posey still stood out (more so than Milla Jovovich, who had a larger but less inhabited part) as a sadistic senior princess putting freshwomen through their paces. PARTY GIRL puts Posey front and center, and she runs away with the movie.
Part of Posey's charm is her complete ease in being the center of attention, even when she's the only person in the room. It's easy to look like a sophisticated party queen, but Posey manages not to look as foolish as mere mortals would while dancing in her kitchen, humming Middle Eastern melodies while faux belly-dancing with a dishtowel. It's quite a feat. If PARTY GIRL does at all well, Posey should (she deserves to) move into the on deck circle of Hollywood stardom. Now that Sandra Bullock's all but clinched the dream-girl-next-door starring role position in Hollywood, Posey's poised to take Sandy's empty slot in the lineup.
Oh, yeah--the plot (such as it is). Posey is Mary, a party girl (hence the title) in New York who lives in a low-rent apartment but wears a high-class wardrobe. At the beginning of the film, Mary is arrested for throwing an illegal party, and calls her godmother, Mrs. Lindendorf (Sasha Von Scherler), her "only family," for bail and a loan. Her godmother is not pleased, of course, and to repay the loan Mary takes a job under her godmother at the public library as a clerk (Mrs. Lindendorf is a full-fledged librarian). At first she breezes through the position, not much caring, but when challenged decides to master the Dewey Decimal System and become the best damn clerk she can.
There's also a love story between Mary and Omar, a falafel vendor from Lebanon, and Mary's roommate's efforts to get hired as a DJ in a really trendy club. PARTY GIRL is only loosely about its plot, however. It doesn't even have nearly as much partying as you might expect. The film rises and sets with Posey's performance, so the filmmakers are lucky (or were perceptive enough to see) that Posey's up to the challenge.
 She manages to surprise herself with her library talents, but not us. We knew she had it in her, because Posey let us see it all along.
Grade for the course: B (I'm changing to the ENTERTAINMENT WEEKLY report-card summary method--it's much more satisfying)
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Inside. He's laughing red and black and red and black till there's nothing left to laugh. Until, almost tenderly, he turns inside out through his mouth.
Everything about what he does from every gesture, every little facial tick, everything he's doing with his voice—it all speaks to the heart of this character. It all speaks to this idea of a character who's devoted to a concept of pure anarchy and chaos. It's hard to get a handle on how those elements combine. The physicality reminds me of the great silent comedians. It has a bit of Keaton and Chaplin about it.
... I feel like this is an opportunity for me to not take myself too seriously, and for some reason I just gravitated towards [The Joker] and I knew I had something to give to him. And I just instantly had an idea of how to do it.
If you have time, you should read more about him here: Heath Ledger as the Joker Wikipedia


EXCLUSIVE: James Charles to Front Beauty Competition Series on YouTube
The 20-year-old Youtuber — and his famous content creator friends — will lead the series.
by Alexa TietjenJames Charles and YouTube are looking for the next big beauty influencer.
Today, the social media giant unveiled plans for its first YouTube Originals beauty competition series, to be fronted by Charles. The famed 20-year-old YouTuber, who has more than 16 million subscribers, will lead YouTube’s four-part series, which will premiere in 2020. Charles’ content creator friends, along with beauty industry veterans, are expected to make appearances.
“James Charles is a leader in the industry when it comes to pushing boundaries with creative content,” said Susanne Daniels, global head of original content for YouTube, in a statement, going on to praise “his energy and talent” that will be on display in YouTube Originals’ first beauty competition series.
“Reality competition shows have always been a guilty pleasure of mine, and ever since I became a content creator on YouTube, it’s been one of my biggest dreams to create my own,” said Charles in a statement. “Beauty is such a major industry, and I’ve been lucky enough to grow a huge platform, but now I want to give back and share the knowledge I’ve gathered with others. Being a superstar influencer takes a whole lot more than just blending eye shadow, and I can’t wait to find out who has what it takes to make it to the top. Producing my own show for YouTube is going to be a crazy challenge but I’m so ready…and hopefully the beauty community is, too.”
Charles shared news of the forthcoming untitled series on his YouTube channel this afternoon, opening up a casting call to his fans. The YouTuber has had a troubled year, including a public feud that caused him to lose millions of subscribers. In the past few months, he has regained his following, become the top influencer at New York Fashion Week and launched a second collaboration with Morphe.
YouTube’s forthcoming competition series is produced by Brian Graden Media, the company behind the Streamy Award-winning YouTube Originals “Escape the Night.” New episodes will drop weekly. All will be available to stream for free on YouTube.
More from WWD.com:
James Charles, Tati Westbrook and the Chaos of Cancel Culture
James Charles Talks Morphe and Launching His Own Beauty Brand
James Charles Tops Influencer Impact at NYFW
James Charles: Beauty’s Next Consultant?


FROM:MRS. M SESE-SEKO DEAR FRIEND, I AM MRS. MARIAM SESE-SEKO WIDOW OF LATE PRESIDENT MOBUTU SESE-SEKO OF ZAIRE? NOW KNOWN AS DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO (DRC).I RECEIVED YOUR COMPANY PROFILE FROM THE CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE IN MOROCCO. I AM MOVED TO WRITE YOU THIS LETTER, THIS WAS IN CONFIDENCE CONSIDERING MY PRESENT CIRCUMSTANCE AND SITUATION.  HOWEVER DUE TO THIS SITUATION WE DECIDED TO CHANGED MOST OF MY HUSBAND'S BILLIONS OF DOLLARS DEPOSITED IN SWISS BANK AND OTHER COUNTRIES INTO OTHER FORMS OF MONEY CODED FOR SAFE PURPOSE BECAUSE THE NEW HEAD OF STATE OF (DRC) MR LAURENT KABILA HAS MADE AR RANGEMENT WITH THE SWISS GOVERNMENT AND OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES TO FREEZE ALL MY LATE HUSBAND'S TREASURES DEPOSITED IN SOME EUROPEAN COUNTRIES.  I HAVE DEPOSITED THE SUM OF ONE HUNDRE MILLION UNITED STATE DOLLARS(US$I00,000,000,00.) WITH A FINANCE HOUSE , FOR SAFEKEEPING. THE FUNDS ARE SECURITY CODED TO PREVENT THEM FROM KNOWING THE CONTENT.  I WANT YOU TO ASSIST IN INVESTING THIS MONEY, BUT I WILL NOT WANT MY IDENTITY REVEALED. I WILL ALSO WANT TO BUY PROPERTIES AND STOCK IN MULTI-NATIONAL COMPANIES AND TO ENGAGE IN OTHER SAFE AND NON-SPECULATIVE INVESTMENTS.   BEST REGARDS, MRS M. SESE SEKO


http://www.speakers-podium.com/susangranger.
Susan Granger's review of "THE BEACH" (20th Century-Fox)
It's a teeny-bopper's fantasy: Utopia with Leonardo DiCaprio. Let's hope those teenagers who flocked to Titanic are now old enough to get into this R-rated idyll because they're the target audience. Leo plays an American backpacker in Thailand, eager to escape from the touristy, pop culture, digital world of today. Travel, he says, is the search for experience, the quest for something different. That's just what he finds when he and a young French couple (Guillaume Canet, Virginie Ledoyen) follow a map given to him by a manic, crazed Brit (Robert Carlyle) who commits suicide. To get to "the perfect beach," they swim across open sea from one island to another, crawl through cannabis fields past armed guards, and jump from the top of a 120' waterfall. Exhilarated, they discover a small, international community of young travelers under the leadership of ruthless Tilda Swinton, who has vowed to keep their unspoiled hideaway secret, an exclusive enclave - no matter what the consequences. "In the perfect beach resort, nothing is allowed to interrupt the pursuit of pleasure, not even dying," Leo learns. Filmmaker Danny Boyle (Trainspotting, A Life Less Ordinary) and cinematographer Darius Khondji have captured Alex Garland's parable of modern life and distilled it into a weird, ironic glimpse of paradise, particularly when the temporarily deranged Leo runs through the jungle as a character in a video game. Problem is: the characters are too thinly drawn and much comes across as pretentious poppycock, particularly the glib, happy, very commercial ending with Leo back in a cyber-cafe, downloading a photographic memento of his exotic misadventure. On the Granger Movie Gauge of 1 to 10, The Beach is a cinematically sweeping 5 - the vivid saga of a Club Med gone awry.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


|
See also the following language extension: extension literals.
The syntactic class of constants comprises literals from the four base types (integers, floating-point numbers, characters, character strings), the integer variants, and constant constructors from both normal and polymorphic variants, as well as the special constants false, true, (), [], and [||], which behave like constant constructors, and begin end, which is equivalent to ().


Table Of Contents
VKeyboard¶
バージョン 1.0.8 で追加.
VKeyboard is an onscreen keyboard for Kivy. Its operation is intended to be transparent to the user. Using the widget directly is NOT recommended. Read the section Request keyboard first.
Modes¶
This virtual keyboard has a docked and free mode:
- docked mode (
VKeyboard.docked
= True) Generally used when only one person is using the computer, like a tablet or personal computer etc. - free mode: (
VKeyboard.docked
= False) Mostly for multitouch surfaces. This mode allows multiple virtual keyboards to be used on the screen.
If the docked mode changes, you need to manually call
VKeyboard.setup_mode()
otherwise the change will have no impact.
During that call, the VKeyboard, implemented on top of a
Scatter
, will change the
behavior of the scatter and position the keyboard near the target (if target
and docked mode is set).
Layouts¶
The virtual keyboard is able to load a custom layout. If you create a new
layout and put the JSON in <kivy_data_dir>/keyboards/<layoutid>.json
,
you can load it by setting VKeyboard.layout
to your layoutid.
The JSON must be structured like this:
{
"title": "Title of your layout",
"description": "Description of your layout",
"cols": 15,
"rows": 5,
...
}
Then, you need to describe the keys in each row, for either a “normal”, “shift” or a “special” (added in version 1.9.0) mode. Keys for this row data must be named normal_<row>, shift_<row> and special_<row>. Replace row with the row number. Inside each row, you will describe the key. A key is a 4 element list in the format:
[ <text displayed on the keyboard>, <text to put when the key is pressed>,
<text that represents the keycode>, <size of cols> ]
Here are example keys:
# f key
["f", "f", "f", 1]
# capslock
["↹", " ", "tab", 1.5]
Finally, complete the JSON:
{
...
"normal_1": [
["`", "`", "`", 1], ["1", "1", "1", 1], ["2", "2", "2", 1],
["3", "3", "3", 1], ["4", "4", "4", 1], ["5", "5", "5", 1],
["6", "6", "6", 1], ["7", "7", "7", 1], ["8", "8", "8", 1],
["9", "9", "9", 1], ["0", "0", "0", 1], ["+", "+", "+", 1],
["=", "=", "=", 1], ["⌫", null, "backspace", 2]
],
"shift_1": [ ... ],
"normal_2": [ ... ],
"special_2": [ ... ],
...
}
Request Keyboard¶
The instantiation of the virtual keyboard is controlled by the configuration. Check keyboard_mode and keyboard_layout in the Configuration object.
If you intend to create a widget that requires a keyboard, do not use the
virtual keyboard directly, but prefer to use the best method available on
the platform. Check the request_keyboard()
method in the Window.
If you want a specific layout when you request the keyboard, you should write something like this (from 1.8.0, numeric.json can be in the same directory as your main.py):
keyboard = Window.request_keyboard(
self._keyboard_close, self)
if keyboard.widget:
vkeyboard = self._keyboard.widget
vkeyboard.layout = 'numeric.json'
-
class
kivy.uix.vkeyboard.
VKeyboard
(**kwargs)[ソース]¶ ベースクラス:
kivy.uix.scatter.Scatter
VKeyboard is an onscreen keyboard with multitouch support. Its layout is entirely customizable and you can switch between available layouts using a button in the bottom right of the widget.
Events: - on_key_down: keycode, internal, modifiers
Fired when the keyboard received a key down event (key press).
- on_key_up: keycode, internal, modifiers
Fired when the keyboard received a key up event (key release).
-
available_layouts
¶ Dictionary of all available layouts. Keys are the layout ID, and the value is the JSON (translated into a Python object).
available_layouts
is aDictProperty
and defaults to {}.
-
background
¶ Filename of the background image.
background
is aStringProperty
and defaults toatlas://data/images/defaulttheme/vkeyboard_background
.
-
background_border
¶ Background image border. Used for controlling the
border
property of the background.background_border
is aListProperty
and defaults to [16, 16, 16, 16]
-
background_color
¶ Background color, in the format (r, g, b, a). If a background is set, the color will be combined with the background texture.
background_color
is aListProperty
and defaults to [1, 1, 1, 1].
-
background_disabled
¶ Filename of the background image when the vkeyboard is disabled.
バージョン 1.8.0 で追加.
background_disabled
is aStringProperty
and defaults toatlas://data/images/defaulttheme/vkeyboard__disabled_background
.
-
callback
¶ Callback can be set to a function that will be called if the VKeyboard is closed by the user.
target
is anObjectProperty
instance and defaults to None.
-
collide_margin
(x, y)[ソース]¶ Do a collision test, and return True if the (x, y) is inside the vkeyboard margin.
-
docked
¶ Indicate whether the VKeyboard is docked on the screen or not. If you change it, you must manually call
setup_mode()
otherwise it will have no impact. If the VKeyboard is created by the Window, the docked mode will be automatically set by the configuration, using the keyboard_mode token in [kivy] section.docked
is aBooleanProperty
and defaults to False.
-
font_size
¶ font_size, specifies the size of the text on the virtual keyboard keys. It should be kept within limits to ensure the text does not extend beyond the bounds of the key or become too small to read.
バージョン 1.10.0 で追加.
font_size
is aNumericProperty
and defaults to 20.
-
key_background_color
¶ Key background color, in the format (r, g, b, a). If a key background is set, the color will be combined with the key background texture.
key_background_color
is aListProperty
and defaults to [1, 1, 1, 1].
-
key_background_down
¶ Filename of the key background image for use when a touch is active on the widget.
key_background_down
is aStringProperty
and defaults toatlas://data/images/defaulttheme/vkeyboard_key_down
.
-
key_background_normal
¶ Filename of the key background image for use when no touches are active on the widget.
key_background_normal
is aStringProperty
and defaults toatlas://data/images/defaulttheme/vkeyboard_key_normal
.
-
key_border
¶ Key image border. Used for controlling the
border
property of the key.key_border
is aListProperty
and defaults to [16, 16, 16, 16]
-
key_disabled_background_normal
¶ Filename of the key background image for use when no touches are active on the widget and vkeyboard is disabled.
バージョン 1.8.0 で追加.
key_disabled_background_normal
is aStringProperty
and defaults toatlas://data/images/defaulttheme/vkeyboard_disabled_key_normal
.
-
key_margin
¶ Key margin, used to create space between keys. The margin is composed of four values, in pixels:
key_margin = [top, right, bottom, left]
key_margin
is aListProperty
and defaults to [2, 2, 2, 2]
-
layout
¶ Layout to use for the VKeyboard. By default, it will be the layout set in the configuration, according to the keyboard_layout in [kivy] section.
バージョン 1.8.0 で変更: If layout is a .json filename, it will loaded and added to the available_layouts.
layout
is aStringProperty
and defaults to None.
-
layout_path
¶ Path from which layouts are read.
layout
is aStringProperty
and defaults to<kivy_data_dir>/keyboards/
-
margin_hint
¶ Margin hint, used as spacing between keyboard background and keys content. The margin is composed of four values, between 0 and 1:
margin_hint = [top, right, bottom, left]
The margin hints will be multiplied by width and height, according to their position.
margin_hint
is aListProperty
and defaults to [.05, .06, .05, .06]
-
refresh
(force=False)[ソース]¶ (internal) Recreate the entire widget and graphics according to the selected layout.
-
setup_mode
(*largs)[ソース]¶ Call this method when you want to readjust the keyboard according to options:
docked
or not, with attachedtarget
or not:- If
docked
is True, it will callsetup_mode_dock()
- If
docked
is False, it will callsetup_mode_free()
Feel free to overload these methods to create new positioning behavior.
- If
-
setup_mode_dock
(*largs)[ソース]¶ Setup the keyboard in docked mode.
Dock mode will reset the rotation, disable translation, rotation and scale. Scale and position will be automatically adjusted to attach the keyboard to the bottom of the screen.
注釈
Don’t call this method directly, use
setup_mode()
instead.
-
setup_mode_free
()[ソース]¶ Setup the keyboard in free mode.
Free mode is designed to let the user control the position and orientation of the keyboard. The only real usage is for a multiuser environment, but you might found other ways to use it. If a
target
is set, it will place the vkeyboard under the target.注釈
Don’t call this method directly, use
setup_mode()
instead.
-
target
¶ Target widget associated with the VKeyboard. If set, it will be used to send keyboard events. If the VKeyboard mode is “free”, it will also be used to set the initial position.
target
is anObjectProperty
instance and defaults to None.


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How To Grow Cabbage Crop
Introduction
The cabbage may be a well-liked vascular plant of the species Brassica Family ANd is employed as a ivy-covered inexperienced vegetable. the sole a part of the plant that's ordinarily eaten up is that the leafy head; additional precisely, the spherical cluster of immature leaves, excluding the part unpleated outer leaves. Cabbage is used in a very style of dishes for its naturally spicy flavor. The supposed “cabbage head” is wide consumed raw, cooked, or preserved in a nice variety of dishes. Cabbage is a wonderful supply of alimentation C. It conjointly contains important amounts of glutamine, an aminoalkanoic acid that has anti-inflammatory drug properties.
Soil and climate conditions
Climatic conditions –
Cabbage grows best in a very cool damp climate and is extremely hardy to frost. in a veryreas with relatively dry atmospheres, its leaves tend to be additional clearly stalk than within the more wet areas. In a hot dry atmosphere, its quality becomes poor and far of its delicate flavor is lost. Its germination is best at a soil temperature of regarding 55°F to 60°F. Temperatures below this and on top of this aren't fitted to it. Well, hardened seedlings will tolerate a temperature of 20°F to 25°F. it's adult chiefly as rabi crop throughout winter.
Soil conditions –
Cabbage is full-grown in varied kinds of soils starting from sandy dirt to clay. It needs a pH scale ranging from 5.5 to 6.5 for higher production. It additionally thrives best once the soil is made in organic matter and sensible drain.
Cultivation –
Cabbage cultivation is finished on sandy to serious soils wealthy in organic matter. On heavy soils, plants grow slowly and also the keeping quality is improved. A pH vary of 6.0 to 6.5 is taken into account optimum for growing cabbage. Cabbage is usually cultivated during a cool damp climate and it's big as a winter crop in plains.
Sowing
The seeds are seeded during a bed and 4- to 6-week-old seedlings are transplantation to the field. Raised beds of size three x 0.6 m and ten to fifteen cm tall are prepared. In India, it's fully grown in massive areas having a cool and damp climate.
Fertilizer
It is higher to use organic compound rather than ammonium ion sulfate wherever the soil is comparatively acidic. If the soil is element deficient, 5 –10 weight unit/ha mineral ought to be applied before land preparation. For basal fertilizer, manure should be applied into the rows before chemical fertilizer. Chemical fertilisers: Fertilizer application varies with soil fertility.Basal application before transplanting: twenty five:50:60 NPK kg / acre. 1st dressing 10-15 days once transplanting: 25:50:60 NPK kg / acre. Second application twenty – 25 days after first high dressing: 25:00:00 NPK kg / acre.Third application 10-15 days after second application: 25:00:00 NPK kg / acre. element & atomic number 42 ought to be sprayed at the button stage.
Diseases occurred in crop:
| Name of Disease | Caused by | Symptoms | Management |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alternaria leaf spot | Fungus | Small dark spots on leaves which turn brown to gray; lesions may be round or angular and may possess a purple-black margin; lesions may form concentric rings, become brittle and crack in center; dark brown elongated lesions may develop on stems and petioles. | Plant only pathogen-free seed; rotate crops; applications of appropriate fungicides control disease when present. |
| Anthracnose | Fungus | Small circular or irregularly shaped dry spots which are gray to straw in color on leaves; a high number of spots may cause the leaf to die; lesions may coalesce to form large necrotic patches causing leaves to turn yellow and wilt; lesions may split or crack in dry centers. | Control of disease depends on sanitary practices; treat seeds with hot water prior to planting; rotate crops; plant in an area with good soil drainage; remove all cruciferous weeds which may act as a reservoir for the fungus. |
| Black rot | Bacteria | Irregularly shaped dull yellow areas along leaf margins which expand to leaf midrib and create a characterstic "V-shaped" lesion; lesions may coalesce along the leaf margin to give plant a scorched appearance. | Primary method of controlling black rot is through the use of good sanitation practices; rotate crops to non-cruciferous crops every 2 years; plant resistant varieties; control cruciferous weed species which may act as a reservoir for bacteria; plant pathogen-free seed. |
| White rust | Fungus | White pustules on cotyledons, leaves, stems and/or flowers which coalesce to form large areas of infection; leaves may roll and thicken | Rotate crops; plant only disease-free seed; apply appropriate fungicide if disease becomes a problem |
| Beet armyworm | Insect | Singular, or closely grouped circular to irregularly shaped holes in foliage; heavy feeding by young larvae leads to skeletonized leaves; shallow, dry wounds on fruit; egg clusters of 50-150 eggs may be present on the leaves; egg clusters are covered in a whitish scale which gives the cluster a cottony or fuzzy appearance; young larvae are pale green to yellow in color while older larvae are generally darker green with a dark and light line running along the side of their body and a pink or yellow underside. | Organic methods of controlling the beet armyworm include biological control by natural enemies which parasitize the larvae and the application of Bacillus thuringiensis; there are chemicals available for commercial control but many that are available for the home garden do not provide adequate control of the larvae. |
Cabbage Harvest and Yielding
Harvest
Cabbage is normally harvested when the heads reach full size and are firm, In cabbage harvesting is done depending on the maturity of the head and demand in the market. Normally harvesting is done when heads are firm. If prices are high in the market harvesting is done earlier when heads are small and loose heads are cut with a knife with little stalk arid some leaves. Proper grading is followed before heads are sent to market.
Yielding
Usually Hills: 70 – eighty t/ha in a hundred and fifty days. Plains: 25 – 35 t/ha in one hundred twenty days. The yield of cabbage relies upon upon the variety, developing season and control practices.


three.js
webgl - multiple canvases - circle
Google's Liquid Galaxy
simulator.
Here 5 monitors are simulated using 3d css. WebGL is then rendered onto each one.


| Author: | Sean Gillies<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|
|---|---|
| Revision: | 1.2 |
| Date: | 6 April 2010 |
| Copyright: | This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 United States License. |
| Abstract: | This document explains how to use the Shapely Python package for computational geometry. |
|---|
Contents
Deterministic spatial analysis is an important component of computational approaches to problems in agriculture, ecology, epidemiology, sociology, and many other fields. What is the surveyed perimeter/area ratio of these patches of animal habitat? Which properties in this town intersect with the 50-year flood contour from this new flooding model? What are the extents of findspots for ancient ceramic wares with maker's marks "A" and "B", and where do the extents overlap? These are just a few of the possible questions addressable using non-statistical spatial analysis, and more specifically, computational geometry.
Shapely is a Python package for set-theoretic analysis and manipulation of planar features using (via Python's ctypes module) functions from the well known and widely deployed GEOS library. GEOS, a port of the Java Topology Suite, is the geometry engine of the PostGIS spatial extension for the PostgreSQL RDBMS. The designs of JTS and GEOS are largely guided by the Open Geospatial Consortium's Simple Features Access Specification [1] and Shapely adheres mainly to the same set of standard classes and operations. Shapely is deeply rooted in the geographic information systems (GIS) world, but aspires to be equally useful to programmers working on non-tradtional problems.
PostGIS is a cornerstone of open source GIS, but isn't necessarily a solution to all problems in the GIS domain. Not all geographic data originate or reside in a RDBMS or are best processed using SQL. Shapely aims to bring industrial strength computational geometry primitives to bear on programming problems better addressed in a object-oriented style. Imagine a situation where we would like to find or index a substring within another string. Is there overlap between the strings, and if so, what is it? Or maybe we'd like to replace certain characters in a string with others. Now imagine that we're compelled to load the text strings from, say, a log file into a relational database to perform these operations because such string functions aren't available in a non-SQL context. No knock on the RDBMS, a tremendously useful thing, but if there's no mandate to manage (the "M" in "RDBMS") these strings over time in the database, we're using the wrong tool for the job in this imaginary scenario. Now, consider spatial entities like points, curves, and patches instead of character strings, and that they might originate not in the context of a traditional GIS, but from parsing and geocoding of texts or log files or from "social web" activities. If you agree that sometimes PostGIS (or another spatially-enabled RDBMS) is the wrong tool for your computational geometry job, Shapely might be for you.
The premise of Shapely, or one of the premises, is that Python programmers should be able to perform PostGIS type geometry operations outside of an RDBMS. Another is that Python idioms trump GIS (or Java, in this case, since the GEOS library is derived from JTS, a Java project) idioms. Shapely, in a nutshell lets you do PostGIS-y stuff with geometries outside the context of a database using idiomatic Python. Computational geometry, with no extra baggage.
The fundamental types of geometric objects implemented by Shapely are points, curves, and surfaces. Each is associated with three sets of (possibly infinite) points in the plane. The interior, boundary, and exterior sets of a feature are mutually exclusive and their union coincides with the entire plane [2].
That may seem a bit esoteric, but will help clarify the meanings of Shapely's spatial predicates, and it's as deep into theory as this manual will go. Consequences of point-set theory, including some that manifest themselves as "gotchas", for different classes will be discussed later in this manual.
The point type is implemented by a Point class; curve by the LineString and LinearRing classes; and surface by a Polygon class. Shapely implements no smooth (i.e. having continuous tangents) curves. All curves must be approximated by linear splines. All rounded patches must be approximated by regions bounded by linear splines.
Collections of points are implemented by a MultiPoint class, collections of curves by a MultiLineString class, and collections of surfaces by a MultiPolygon class. These collections aren't computationally significant, but are useful for modeling certain kinds of features. A Y-shaped line feature, for example, is well modeled as a whole by a MultiLineString.
The standard data model has additional constraints specific to certain types of geometric objects that will be discussed in following sections of this manual.
See also http://www.vividsolutions.com/jts/discussion.htm#spatialDataModel for more illustrations of this data model.
The spatial data model is accompanied by a group of natural language relationships between geometric objects – contains, intersects, overlaps, touches, etc – and a theoretical framework for understanding them using the 3x3 matrix of the mutual intersections of their component point sets [2]: the DE-9IM. A comprehensive review of the relationships in terms of the DE-9IM is found in [4] and will not be reiterated in this manual.
Following the JTS technical specs [5], this manual will make a distinction between constructive (buffer, convex hull) and set-theoretic operations (intersection, union, etc). The individual operations will be fully described in a following section of the manual.
Even though the Earth is not flat – and for that matter not exactly spherical – there are many analytic problems that can be approached by transforming Earth features to a Cartesian plane, applying tried and true algorithms, and then transforming the results back to geographic coordinates. This practice is as old as the tradition of accurate paper maps.
Shapely does not support coordinate system transformations. All operations on two or more features presume that the features exist in the same Cartesian plane.
Geometric objects are created in the typical Python fashion, using the classes themselves as instance factories. A few of their intrinsic properties will be discussed in this sections, others in the following sections on operations and serializations.
Instances of Point, LineString, and LinearRing have coordinate sequences. Coordinate sequences are immutable. Their parent features are mutable in that they can be assigned new coordinate sequences. A third z coordinate value may be used when constructing instances, but has no effect on geometric analysis. All operations are performed in the x-y plane.
In all constructors, numeric values are converted to type float. In other words, Point(0, 0) and Point(0.0, 0.0) produce geometrically equivalent instances. Shapely does not check the topological simplicity or validity of instances when they are constructed as the cost is unwarranted in most cases. Validating factories are trivially implemented, using the is_valid predicate, by users that require them.
Pseudo-code blocks in this section will use the following notation. Let a be a point in Cartesian coordinates, represented by a Python tuple of 2 ((x, y)) or 3 ((x, y, z)) numerical values. Let (a1, ..., aM) and (b1, ..., bN) be ordered sequences of M and N such points, defining the vertices of a curve.
The Point constructor takes positional coordinate values or point tuple parameters.
>>> from shapely.geometry import Point
>>> point = Point(0.0, 0.0)
>>> q = Point((0.0, 0.0))
A Point has zero area and zero length.
>>> point.area
0.0
>>> point.length
0.0
Its x-y bounding box is a (minx, miny, maxx, maxy) tuple.
>>> point.bounds
(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
Coordinate values are accessed via coords, x, y, and z properties.
>>> list(point.coords)
[(0.0, 0.0)]
>>> point.x
0.0
>>> point.y
0.0
The Point constructor also accepts another Point instance, thereby making a copy.
>>> Point(point)
<shapely.geometry.point.Point object at 0x...>
The LineString constructor takes an ordered sequence of point tuples.
>>> from shapely.geometry import LineString
>>> line = LineString((a1, ..., aM))
Repeated points in the ordered sequence are allowed, but may incur performance penalties and should be avoided. A LineString may cross itself (i.e. be complex and not simple).
A LineString has zero area and non-zero length.
>>> line = LineString([(0, 0), (1, 1)])
>>> line.area
0.0
>>> line.length
1.4142135623730951
Its x-y bounding box is a (minx, miny, maxx, maxy) tuple.
>>> line.bounds
(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0)
Coordinate values are accessed via the coords property.
>>> len(line.coords)
2
>>> list(line.coords)
[(0.0, 0.0), (1.0, 1.0)]
The constructor also accepts another LineString instance, thereby making a copy.
>>> LineString(line)
<shapely.geometry.linestring.LineString object at 0x...>
A sequence of Point instances is not a valid constructor parameter. A LineString is not composed of Point instances.
The LinearRing constructor takes an ordered sequence of point tuples. The sequence may be explicitly closed by passing identical values in the first and last indices. Otherwise, the sequence will be implicitly closed by copying the first tuple to the last index.
>>> from shapely.geometry.polygon import LinearRing
>>> ring = LinearRing((a1, ..., aM))
Repeated points in the ordered sequence are allowed, but may incur performance penalties and should be avoided. A LinearRing may not cross itself, and may not touch itself at a single point. Note that Shapely will not prevent the creation of such rings, but exceptions will be raised when they are operated on.
A LinearRing has zero area and non-zero length.
>>> ring = LinearRing([(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, 0)])
>>> ring.area
0.0
>>> ring.length
3.4142135623730949
Its x-y bounding box is a (minx, miny, maxx, maxy) tuple.
>>> ring.bounds
(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0)
Coordinate values are accessed via the coords property.
>>> len(ring.coords)
4
>>> list(ring.coords)
[(0.0, 0.0), (1.0, 1.0), (1.0, 0.0), (0.0, 0.0)]
The LinearRing constructor also accepts another LineString or LinearRing instance, thereby making a copy.
>>> LinearRring(ring)
<shapely.geometry.polygon.LinearRing object at 0x...>
As with LineString, a sequence of Point instances is not a valid constructor parameter.
The Polygon constructor takes two positional parameters. The first is an ordered sequence of point tuples and is treated exactly as in the LinearRing case. The second is an optional unordered sequence of ring-like sequences specifying the interior boundaries or "holes" of the feature.
>>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon
>>> polygon = Polygon((a1, ..., aM), [(b1, ..., bN), ...])
Polygon rings may not cross each other, but may touch at single points. Again, Shapely will not prevent the creation of such features, but exceptions will be raised when they are operated on.
A Polygon has non-zero area and non-zero length.
>>> polygon = Polygon([(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, 0)])
>>> polygon.area
0.5
>>> polygon.length
3.4142135623730949
Its x-y bounding box is a (minx, miny, maxx, maxy) tuple.
>>> polygon.bounds
(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0)
Component rings are accessed via exterior and interiors properties.
>>> list(polygon.exterior.coords)
[(0.0, 0.0), (1.0, 1.0), (1.0, 0.0), (0.0, 0.0)]
>>> list(polygon.interiors)
[]
The Polygon constructor also accepts instances of LineString and LinearRing.
>>> coords = [(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, 0)]
>>> r = LinearRing(coords)
>>> s = Polygon(r)
>>> s.area
0.5
>>> t = Polygon(s.buffer(1.0).exterior, [r])
>>> t.area
6.5507620529190334
The MultiPoint constructor takes an ordered sequence of point tuples.
>>> from shapely.geometry import MultiPoint
>>> points = MultiPoint([c1, ..., cN])
A MultiPoint has zero area and zero length.
>>> points = MultiPoint([(0.0, 0.0), (1.0, 1.0)])
>>> points.area
0.0
>>> points.length
0.0
Its x-y bounding box is a (minx, miny, maxx, maxy) tuple.
>>> points.bounds
(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0)
Members of a multi-point collection are accessed via the geoms property.
>>> import pprint
>>> pprint.pprint(list(points.geoms))
[<shapely.geometry.point.Point object at 0x...>,
<shapely.geometry.point.Point object at 0x...>]
The constructor also accepts another MultiPoint instance or an unordered sequence of Point instances, thereby making copies.
>>> MultiPoint([Point(0, 0), Point(1, 1)])
<shapely.geometry.multipoint.MultiPoint object at 0x...>
The MultiLineString constructor takes an unordered sequence of line-like sequences.
>>> from shapely.geometry import MultiLineString
>>> lines = MultiLineString([(a1, ..., aM), (b1, ..., bN), ...])
A MultiLineString has zero area and non-zero length.
>>> coords = [((0, 0), (1, 1)), ((-1, 0), (1, 0))]
>>> lines = MultiLineString(coords)
>>> lines.area
0.0
>>> lines.length
3.4142135623730949
Its x-y bounding box is a (minx, miny, maxx, maxy) tuple.
>>> lines.bounds
(-1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0)
Its members are instances of LineString and are accessed via the geoms property.
>>> len(lines.geoms)
2
>>> pprint.pprint(list(lines.geoms))
[<shapely.geometry.linestring.LineString object at 0x...>,
<shapely.geometry.linestring.LineString object at 0x...>]
The constructor also accepts another instance of MultiLineString or an unordered sequence of LineString instances, thereby making copies.
>>> MultiLineString(lines)
<shapely.geometry.multilinestring.MultiLineString object at 0x...>
>>> MultiLineString(lines.geoms)
<shapely.geometry.multilinestring.MultiLineString object at 0x...>
The MultiPolygon constructor takes a sequence of exterior ring and hole list tuples.
>>> from shapely.geometry import MultiPolygon
>>> polygons = MultiPolygon([((a1, ..., aM), [(b1, ..., bN), ...]), ...])
More explicit notation for the exterior and interior boundaries (or shells and holes) makes usage more clear.
>>> shell = (a1, ..., aM)
>>> holes = [(b1, ..., bN), ...]
>>> polygons = MultiPolygon([(shell, holes), ...])
Perhaps even more clearly, the constructor accepts an unordered sequence of Polygon instances, thereby making copies.
>>> polygons = MultiPolygon([polygon, s, t])
>>> len(polygons.geoms)
3
Its x-y bounding box is a (minx, miny, maxx, maxy) tuple.
>>> polygons.bounds
(-1.0, -1.0, 2.0, 2.0)
An "empty" feature is one with a point set that coincides with the empty set: not a None, but like (). Empty features can be created by calling the constructors with no arguments. Almost no operations are supported by empty features.
>>> line = LineString()
>>> line.is_empty
True
>>> line.length
0.0
>>> line.bounds
()
The coordinates of a empty feature can be set, after which the geometry is no longer empty.
>>> line.coords = [(0, 0), (1, 1)]
>>> line.is_empty
False
>>> line.length
1.4142135623730951
>>> line.bounds
(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0)
Shapely features provide standard [1] predicate properties and methods. All return True or False.
Standard unary predicates are implemented as instance properties.
has_z: Returns True if the feature has not only x and y, but also z coordinates.
>>> Point(0, 0).has_z
False
>>> Point(0, 0, 0).has_z
True
is_empty: Returns True if the feature's interior and boundary (in point set terms) coincide with the empty set.
>>> Point().is_empty
True
>>> Point(0, 0).is_empty
False
is_ring: Returns True if the feature is closed. A closed feature's boundary coincides with the empty set. Applicable to LineString and LinearRing. This predicate is somewhat redundant considering that closed-ness is in practice a class attribute.
>>> LineString([(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, -1)]).is_ring
False
>>> LinearRing([(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, -1)]).is_ring
True
is_simple: Returns True if the feature does not cross itself. Operations on non-simple LineStrings are fully supported by Shapely.
>>> LineString([(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, -1), (0, 1)]).is_simple
False
is_valid: Returns True if a feature is "valid" in the sense of [1]. A valid LinearRing may not cross itself or touch itself at a single point. A valid Polygon may not possess any overlapping exterior or interior rings. A valid MultiPolygon may not collect any overlapping polygons. Operations on invalid features may fail.
>>> MultiPolygon([Point(0, 0).buffer(2.0), Point(1, 1).buffer(2.0)]).is_valid
False
The two points above are close enough that the polygons resulting from the buffer operations (explained in a following section) overlap.
The is_valid predicate could be used to write a decorator that ensures only valid objects are returned from a function.
def valid_ring(coordinates):
ring = LinearRing(coordinates)
if not ring.is_valid:
raise TopologicalError(
"Given coordinates do not determine a valid LinearRing")
return ring
An exception is raised when the function is passed the self-crossing coordinates from the is_simple example above.
>>> coords = [(0, 0), (1, 1), (1, -1), (0, 1)]
>>> valid_ring(coords)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "<stdin>", line 5, in valid_ring
shapely.geos.TopologicalError: Given coordinates do not determine a valid LinearRing
This might also be done using a decorator.
from functools import wraps
def is_valid(func):
@wraps(func)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
ob = func(*args, **kwargs)
if not ob.is_valid:
raise TopologicalError(
"Given arguments do not determine a valid geometric object")
return ob
return wrapper
>>> @is_valid
... def ring(coordinates):
... return LinearRing(coordinates)
...
>>> ring(coords)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "<stdin>", line 7, in wrapper
shapely.geos.TopologicalError: Given arguments do not determine a valid geometric object
Standard binary predicates are implemented as instance methods. These predicates evaluate topological, set-theoretic relationships. In a few cases the results may not be what one might expect. All take another geometric object as argument and return True or False.
contains (other): Returns True if the object's interior contains the boundary and interior of the other object and their boundaries do not touch at all. This predicate applies to all types, and is inverse to within: a.contains(b) == b.within(a) always evaluates to True.
>>> coords = [(0, 0), (1, 1)]
>>> LineString(coords).contains(Point(0.5, 0.5))
True
>>> Point(0.5, 0.5).within(LineString(coords))
True
A line's endpoints are part of its boundary and are therefore not contained.
>>> LineString(coords).contains(Point(1.0, 1.0))
False
crosses (other): Returns True if the interior of the object intersects the interior of the other but does not contain it, and the dimension of the intersection is less than the dimension of the one or the other.
>>> LineString(coords).crosses(LineString([(0, 1), (1, 0)]))
True
A line does not cross a point that it contains.
>>> LineString(coords).crosses(Point(0.5, 0.5))
False
disjoint (other): Returns True if the boundary and interior of the object do not intersect at all with those of the other. This predicate applies to all types and is the inverse of intersects.
>>> Point(0, 0).disjoint(Point(1, 1))
True
equals (other): Returns True if the set-theoretic boundary, interior, and exterior of the object coincide with those of the other. The coordinates passed to the object constructors are of these sets, and determine them, but are not the entirety of the sets. This is a potential "gotcha" for new users. Equivalent lines, for example, can be constructed differently:
>>> a = LineString([(0, 0), (1, 1)])
>>> b = LineString([(0, 0), (0.5, 0.5), (1, 1)])
>>> c = LineString([(0, 0), (0, 0), (1, 1)])
>>> a.equals(b)
True
>>> b.equals(c)
True
This predicate should not be mistaken for Python's == or is constructions.
intersects (other): Returns True if the boundary and interior of the object intersect in any way with those of the other. It is the super-relation of contains, crosses, equals, touches, and within.
touches (other): Returns True if the boundary of the object intersects only the boundary of the other, and their interiors do not intersect with any part of the other. Overlapping features do not therefore "touch", another potential "gotcha".
For example, the following lines touch at (1, 1), but do not overlap.
>>> a = LineString([(0, 0), (1, 1)])
>>> b = LineString([(1, 1), (2, 2)])
>>> a.touches(b)
True
within (other): Returns True if the object's boundary and interior intersect only with the interior of the other (not its boundary or exterior).This applies to all types and is the inverse of contains.
Shapely geometric object have several methods that yield new objects not derived from their point sets. TODO: improve this.
buffer (distance, quadsegs=16): Returns a new object that contains, approximately, all points within a given distance of the original object. A positive distance has an effect of dilation; a negative distance, erosion. The optional quadsegs argument determines the number of segements used to approximate a quarter circle around a point.
>>> line = LineString([(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 2), (2, 2), (3, 1), (1, 0)])
>>> dilated = line.buffer(0.5)
>>> eroded = dilated.buffer(-0.3)
The default buffer of a point is a polygonal patch with 99.8% of the area of the disk it approximates.
>>> p = Point(0, 0).buffer(10.0)
>>> len(p.exterior.coords)
66
>>> p.area
313.65484905459385
With a quadsegs value of 1, the buffer is a square patch.
>>> q = Point(0, 0).buffer(10.0, 1)
>>> len(q.exterior.coords)
5
>>> q.area
200.0
Passed a distance of 0, buffer can be used to "clean" self-touching polygons such as the classic "bowtie".
>>> coords = [(0, 0), (0, 2), (1, 1), (2, 2), (2, 0), (1, 1), (0, 0)]
>>> bowtie = Polygon(coords)
>>> bowtie.is_valid
False
>>> clean = bowtie.buffer(0)
>>> clean.is_valid
True
>>> clean
<shapely.geometry.multipolygon.MultiPolygon object at ...>
>>> len(clean)
2
>>> list(clean[0].exterior.coords)
[(0.0, 0.0), (0.0, 2.0), (1.0, 1.0), (0.0, 0.0)]
>>> list(clean[1].exterior.coords)
[(1.0, 1.0), (2.0, 2.0), (2.0, 0.0), (1.0, 1.0)]
Buffering splits the polygon in two at the point where they touch.
convex_hull: Returns the smallest convex Polygon containing all the points in the object unless the number of points in the object is less than three. For two points, the convex hull collapses to a LineString; for 1, a Point.
simplify (tolerance, preserve_topology=True): Returns a simplified version of the geometric object. All points in the simplified object will be within the tolerance distance of the original geometry. By default a slower algorithm is used that preserves topology. If preserve topology is set to False the much quicker Douglas-Peucker algorithm (TODO: cite) is used, and invalid geometries may result.
>>> p = Point(0.0, 0.0)
>>> x = p.buffer(1.0)
>>> x.area
3.1365484905459389
>>> len(x.exterior.coords)
66
>>> s = x.simplify(0.05, preserve_topology=False)
>>> s.area
3.0614674589207187
>>> len(s.exterior.coords)
17
TODO: Finish sections below this.
>>> polygon.boundary
<shapely.geometry.linestring.LineString object at ...>
>>> line_b.boundary
<shapely.geometry.multipoint.MultiPoint object at ...>
>>> point_r.boundary.is_empty
True
>>> hull = multi_point.convex_hull
>>> polygon.difference(hull)
<shapely.geometry.polygon.Polygon object at ...>
>>> polygon.envelope
<shapely.geometry.polygon.Polygon object at ...>
>>> polygon.intersection(hull)
<shapely.geometry.polygon.Polygon object at ...>
>>> polygon.symmetric_difference(hull)
<shapely.geometry.multipolygon.MultiPolygon object at ...>
Point unions were demonstrated above under convex hull. The union of polygons will be a polygon or a multi-polygon depending on whether they intersect or not:
>>> hull.union(polygon)
<shapely.geometry.polygon.Polygon object at ...>
>>> from shapely.ops import polygonize
>>> lines = [
... ((0, 0), (1, 1)),
... ((0, 0), (0, 1)),
... ((0, 1), (1, 1)),
... ((1, 1), (1, 0)),
... ((1, 0), (0, 0))
... ]
>>> result = polygonize(lines)
>>> list(result.geoms)
[<shapely.geometry.polygon.Polygon object at ...>, <shapely.geometry.polygon.Polygon object at ...>]
>>> lines = MultiLineString([
... ((0, 0), (1, 1)),
... ((2, 0), (2, 1), (1, 1))
... ])
>>> result = linemerge(lines)
>>> result # docstring: +ELLIPSIS
<shapely.geometry.linestring.LineString object at 0x...>
>>> Point(0,0).distance(Point(1,1))
1.4142135623730951
Shapely provides 4 avenues for interoperation with other Python and GIS software.
The WKT representation of any geometry object can be had via the wkt attribute:
>>> point_r.wkt
'POINT (-1.5000000000000000 1.2000000000000000)'
Hex-encode that string and you have a value that can be conveniently inserted directly into PostGIS
>>> point_r.wkt.encode('hex')
'504f494e5420282d312e3530303030303030303030303030303020312e3230303030303030303030303030303029'
New geometries can be created from WKT representations using the shapely.wkt.loads factory (inspired by the pickle module)
>>> from shapely.wkt import loads
>>> loads('POINT (0 0)')
<shapely.geometry.point.Point object at ...>
The WKB representation of any geometry object can be had via the wkb attribute. New geometries can be created from WKB data using the shapely.wkb.loads factory. Use this format to interoperate with ogr.py:
>>> import ogr
>>> from shapely.wkb import loads
>>> source = ogr.Open("/tmp/world_borders.shp")
>>> borders = source.GetLayerByName("world_borders")
>>> feature = borders.GetNextFeature()
>>> loads(feature.GetGeometryRef().ExportToWkb())
<shapely.geometry.polygon.Polygon object at ...>
Shapely geometries provide the Numpy array interface which means that points, line strings, and polygon rings can be used as Numpy arrays:
>>> from numpy import array
>>> a = array(polygon.exterior)
>>> a
array([[-1., -1.],
[-1., 1.],
[ 1., 1.],
[ 1., -1.],
[-1., -1.]])
The numpy.asarray function does not copy coordinate values at the price of slower numpy access to coordinates.
The shapely.geometry.as* functions can also be used to wrap numpy arrays, which can then be analyzed using Shapely while maintaining their original storage. A 1 x 2 array can be adapted to a point
>>> a = array([1.0, 2.0])
>>> pa = asPoint(a)
>>> pa.wkt
'POINT (1.0000000000000000 2.0000000000000000)'
and a N x 2 array can be adapted to a line string
>>> from shapely.geometry import asLineString
>>> a = array([[1.0, 2.0], [3.0, 4.0]])
>>> la = asLineString(a)
>>> la.wkt
'LINESTRING (1.0000000000000000 2.0000000000000000, 3.0000000000000000 4.0000000000000000)'
There is no Numpy array representation of a polygon.
Any object that provides the GeoJSON-like Python geo interface can be adapted and used as a Shapely geometry using the shapely.geometry.asShape function. For example, a dictionary:
>>> from shapely.geometry import asShape
>>> d = {"type": "Point", "coordinates": (0.0, 0.0)}
>>> shape = asShape(d)
>>> shape.geom_type
'Point'
>>> list(shape.coords)
[(0.0, 0.0)]
Or a simple placemark-type object:
>>> class GeoThing(object):
... def __init__(self, d):
... self.__geo_interface__ = d
>>> thing = GeoThing({"type": "Point", "coordinates": (0.0, 0.0)})
>>> shape = asShape(thing)
>>> shape.geom_type
'Point'
>>> list(shape.coords)
[(0.0, 0.0)]
If you want to copy coordinate data to a new geometry, use the shapely.geometry.shape function instead.
Shapely provides functions for efficient operations on large sets of geometries.
To find the subset of points that are contained within a polygon, use shapely.iterops.contains:
>>> from shapely.geometry import Polygon
>>> from shapely.geometry import Point
>>> coords = ((0.0, 0.0), (0.0, 1.0), (1.0, 1.0), (1.0, 0.0), (0.0, 0.0))
>>> polygon = Polygon(coords)
>>> points = [Point(0.5, 0.5), Point(2.0, 2.0)]
>>> from shapely import iterops
>>> list(iterops.contains(polygon, points, True))
[<shapely.geometry.point.Point object at ...>]
The second parameter to iterops.contains can be any kind of iterator, even a generator of objects. If it yields tuples, then the second element of the tuple will be ultimately yielded from iterops.contains.
>>> list(iterops.contains(polygon, iter((p, p.wkt) for p in points)))
['POINT (0.5000000000000000 0.5000000000000000)']
Shapely geometries can be pre-analyzed into a state that supports more efficient batches of operations. To test one polygon containment against a large batch of points, one should first use the prepared.prep function:
>>> from shapely.geometry import Point
>>> from shapely.prepared import polyprep
>>> points = [...] # large list of points
>>> polygon = Point(0.0, 0.0).buffer(1.0)
>>> prepared_polygon = prep(polygon)
>>> prepared_polygon
<shapely.prepared.PreparedGeometry object at ...>
>>> hits = filter(prepared_polygon.contains, points)
Prepared geometries instances have the following methods: contains, contains_properly, covers, and intersects. All have exactly the same arguments and usage as their counterparts in the standard geometries.
Shapely is written by Sean Gillies with contributions from Aron Bierbaum, Howard Butler, Kai Lautaportti (Hexagon IT), Frédéric Junod (Camptocamp SA), Eric Lemoine (Camptocamp SA) and ctypes tips from Justin Bronn (GeoDjango).
| [1] | (1, 2, 3) John R. Herring, Ed., “OpenGIS Implementation Specification for Geographic information - Simple feature access - Part 1: Common architecture,” Oct. 2006. |
| [2] | (1, 2) M.J. Egenhofer and John R. Herring, Categorizing Binary Topological Relations Between Regions, Lines, and Points in Geographic Databases, Orono, ME: University of Maine, 1991. |
| [3] | E. Clementini, P. Di Felice, and P. van OOsterom, “A Small Set of Formal Topological Relationships Suitable for End-User Interaction,” Third International Symposium on Large Spatial Databases (SSD). Lecture Notes in Computer Science no. 692, David Abel and Beng Chin Ooi, Eds., Singapore: Springer Verlag, 1993, pp. 277-295. |
| [4] | C. Strobl, “Dimensionally Extended Nine-Intersection Model (DE-9IM),” Encyclopedia of GIS, S. Shekhar and H. Xiong, Eds., Springer, 2008, pp. 240-245. [PDF] |
| [5] | Martin Davis, “JTS Technical Specifications,” Mar. 2003. [PDF] |


--- layout: post date: 2013-03-10 23:55:00 +01:00 title: "DavSync for Android" ---
I just released github.com/mstap/android-davsync, a FOSS tool with which you can (automatically or manually) upload photos to your WebDAV server.


clustifyrdata provides 42 external data sets for cell-type assignment with clustifyr and reproducible scripts to build data objects.
| name | desc | ntypes | ngenes | org | from_pub |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ref_MCA | Mouse Cell Atlas | 713 | 8601 | mouse | from |
| ref_tabula_muris_drop | Tabula Muris (10X) | 112 | 23341 | mouse | from |
| ref_tabula_muris_facs | Tabula Muris (SmartSeq2) | 175 | 23341 | mouse | from |
| ref_mouse.rnaseq | Mouse RNA-seq from 28 cell types | 28 | 21214 | mouse | from |
| ref_moca_main | Mouse Organogenesis Cell Atlas (main cell types) | 37 | 26183 | mouse | from |
| ref_immgen | Mouse sorted immune cells | 253 | 22134 | mouse | from |
| ref_hema_microarray | Human hematopoietic cell microarray | 38 | 21246 | human | from |
| ref_cortex_dev | Human cortex development scRNA-seq | 47 | 56864 | human | from |
| ref_pan_indrop | Human pancreatic cell scRNA-seq (inDrop) | 14 | 20125 | human | from |
| ref_pan_smartseq2 | Human pancreatic cell scRNA-seq (SmartSeq2) | 12 | 25525 | human | from |
See the reference page for available data sets, and individual ref download page. Additionally these datasets will be made available as a Bioconductor ExperimentHub (clustifyrdatahub
)
Data sets have uniform suffixes: - ref_*
: the prebuilt reference expression matrix.
*_matrix
: single-cell RNA expression matrix.
*_avg
: average expression caluculated from a single-cell RNA expression matrix.
*_meta
: metadata from a single-cell RNA-seq experiment.
*_vargenes
: variable genes used for dimension reduction, determined by Seurat.
*_markers
: marker genes determined by Seurat.
*_M3Drop
: variable genes used for dimension reduction as determined by M3Drop.
N.B.: clustifyrdata is a large data package (nearly 350 Mb uncompressed).
# install.packages("remotes") remotes::install_github("rnabioco/clustifyrdata")


I am a hardworking and organized Brooklyn based web developer. My goal in life is to bring kindness, clarity and simplicity to the world and I hope to accomplish this with everything I do.
I've been playing the violin since I was six. Studying music has taught me a lot of important lessons such as the importance of hard work and that any problem is solvable once it can be broken down.
My yoga and meditation practices are very important to me. Meditating every day helps me appreciate all the good and bad in life.
Whether it's music, web development or mindfulness, I love to learn and then share with others. I'd love to learn more about you. Connect with me using the links below.


The Java EE 7 Tutorial
28.2 Types Supported by JAX-WS
JAX-WS delegates the mapping of Java programming language types to and from XML definitions to JAXB. Application developers don't need to know the details of these mappings but should be aware that not every class in the Java language can be used as a method parameter or return type in JAX-WS.
The following sections explain the default schema-to-Java and Java-to-schema data type bindings.
28.2.1 Schema-to-Java Mapping
The Java language provides a richer set of data types than XML schema. Table 28-1 lists the mapping of XML data types to Java data types in JAXB.


Documenting Your Work is Important!
It keeps everyone in the know, even when the Devs aren't around.
{% extends "base_admin.html" %} {% block documentation %} class="active" {% endblock %} {% block content %}
It keeps everyone in the know, even when the Devs aren't around.