Recently I gave a talk about optics in our local Funktionaler Stammtisch –here are the slides if you are curious. My goal was to help people construct a mental model of optics using their existential encodings. The language I chose was Kotlin because there were Kotlin programmers in the audience and there is a nice functional programming library called Arrow in Kotlin which implements optics.
While preparing the talk I had a chance to look at the Kotlin implementation. In the Arrow library, optics are defined as interfaces. Capabilities of an optic –things like view, review, traverse, etc– corresponds to methods of the interface. If a capability is shared by different optics, this is handled by inheritance. For instance since isomorphisms can do everything other optics can do, their interface inherits from all of them. This is from the Arrow library documentation:
interface PIso<S, T, A, B> : PPrism<S, T, A, B> , PLens<S, T, A, B> ,
Getter<S, A> , POptional<S, T, A, B> , PSetter<S, T, A, B> , Fold<S, A> ,
PTraversal<S, T, A, B> , PEvery<S, T, A, B>
Behind this OOP noise, there is actually a simple idea: An optic is a collection of capabilities. Compared to some Haskell implementations, where you talk about profunctors, existential types or van Laarhoven encodings this is dead simple.
So let’s try to imitate this in Haskell. I will focus on isomorphisms, lenses, prisms and traversals.
data OpticType = Iso | Lens | Prism | Traversal
As a very unidiomatic Haskell definition, each capability corresponds to a field in a record:
data Optic s t a b = Optic
{ getView :: Maybe (s -> a)
, getReview :: Maybe (b -> t)
, getOver :: (a -> b) -> s -> t
, getToList :: s -> [a]
, getTraverse :: forall f. Applicative f => (a -> f b) -> (s -> f t)
}
Now you can recover the type of an optic just by looking at whether you have view
and/or review
.
classify :: Optic s t a b -> OpticType
classify optic =
case (getView optic, getReview optic) of
(Nothing, Nothing) -> Traversal
(Just _, Nothing) -> Lens
(Nothing, Just _) -> Prism
(Just _, Just _) -> Iso
Obviously this implementation is unusable. Though, I think, if you keep track of the available capabilities at type level, then you may turn this idea into a semi-decent optics library.
Even though this record base implementation is not practical, it has a pedagogical merit: it makes composition explicit.
composeOptics :: Optic s t a' b' -> Optic a' b' a b -> Optic s t a b
composeOptics optic1 optic2 = Optic {
getView = liftA2 (flip (.)) (getView optic1) (getView optic2),
getReview = liftA2 (.) (getReview optic1) (getReview optic2),
getOver = getOver optic1 . getOver optic2,
getToList = getToList optic1 >=> getToList optic2,
getTraverse = getTraverse optic1 . getTraverse optic2
}
So composition of optics is just capability wise composition where capabilities compose in appropriate categories: view
in the opposite category, toList
in the Kleisli category for lists and the rest in the ambient category –Hask if you will.
In clojure, where there are no types, you can replace the record above by a good old fashioned map. Here is what composition looks like in Clojure.
(defn- compose-binary
[optic1 optic2]
(let
[compose-capability (fn [field-name binary-op] (binary-op (field-name optic1) (field-name optic2)))
candidates {:view (compose-capability :view backward-compose)
:to-list (compose-capability :to-list vector-kleisli)
:over (compose-capability :over forward-compose)
:review (compose-capability :review forward-compose)
:traverse (compose-capability :traverse forward-compose)}]
(into {} (filter (comp some? val) candidates))))
(defn compose
"General optic composition. Accepts an arbitrary list of
optics. It produces the `eq`, the unit on optic composition,
for the empty list."
([& optics] (reduce compose-binary eq optics)))
Actually, one can even build a small library around this idea and that is exactly what I did. Here it is: concrete-optics, a dead simple implementation of optics in Clojure. Here is a link to the API docs.
With this library, you can do stuff like this:
(def nested-data
[{:a 1 :b 2} {:c 3} {:a -5} {:a 7 :z 22}])
(def each-positive-a
(opt/compose opt/vector-traversal
(opt/ix :a)
(opt/predicate-prism #(> % 0))))
(deftest list-positive-as-test
(testing "listing elements with a filtering condition"
(is (= (opt/to-list each-positive-a nested-data)
[1 7]))))
(deftest modify-positive-as-test
(testing "modifying only the values fitting a filtering condition"
(is (= (opt/over each-positive-a inc nested-data)
[{:a 2, :b 2} {:c 3} {:a -5} {:a 8, :z 22}]))))
For more examples you can have a look at the showcase. Feedback is most welcome.


To provide native Chrome Web Animation features (Element.animate
and Playback
Control) in other browsers, use web-animations.min.js
. To explore all of the
proposed Web Animations API, use web-animations-next.min.js
.
Web Animations is a new JavaScript API for driving animated content on the web.
By unifying the animation features of SVG and CSS, Web Animations unlocks
features previously only usable declaratively, and exposes powerful,
high-performance animation capabilities to developers.
For more details see the
W3C specification.
The polyfill is a JavaScript implementation of the Web Animations API. It works
on modern versions of all major browsers. For more details about browser
support see https://www.polymer-project.org/resources/compatibility.html.
Here’s a simple example of an animation that scales and changes the opacity of
a

over 0.5 seconds. The animation alternates producing a pulsing
effect.

Hello world!

Web Animations supports off-main-thread animations, and also allows procedural
generation of animations and fine-grained control of animation playback. See
http://web-animations.github.io for ideas and inspiration!
When the polyfill runs on a browser that implements Element.animate
andAnimation
Playback Control it will detect and use the underlying native
features.
Tracks the Web Animations features that are supported natively in browsers.
Today that means Element.animate and Playback Control in Chrome. If you’re not
sure what features you will need, start with this.
Contains all of web-animations.min.js plus features that are still undergoing
discussion or have yet to be implemented natively.
A cut down version of web-animations-next, it removes several lesser used
property handlers and some of the larger and less used features such as matrix
interpolation/decomposition.
| web-animations | web-animations-next | web-animations-next-lite | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Size (gzipped) | 12.5kb | 14kb | 10.5kb |
| Element.animate | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| Timing input (easings, duration, fillMode, etc.) for animation effects | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| Playback control | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| Support for animating lengths, transforms and opacity | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ |
| Support for animating other CSS properties | ✔ | ✔ | 🚫 |
| Matrix fallback for transform animations | ✔ | ✔ | 🚫 |
| KeyframeEffect constructor | 🚫 | ✔ | ✔ |
| Simple GroupEffects & SequenceEffects | 🚫 | ✔ | ✔ |
| Custom Effects | 🚫 | ✔ | ✔ |
| Timing input (easings, duration, fillMode, etc.) for groups | 🚫 | 🚫* | 🚫 |
| Additive animation | 🚫 | 🚫* | 🚫 |
| Motion path | 🚫* | 🚫* | 🚫 |
| Modifiable keyframe effect timing | 🚫 | 🚫* | 🚫* |
| Modifiable group timing | 🚫 | 🚫* | 🚫* |
| Usable inline style** | ✔ | ✔ | 🚫 |
* support is planned for these features.
** see inline style caveat below.
Some things won’t ever be faithful to the native implementation due to browser
and CSS API limitations. These include:
Inline style modification is the mechanism used by the polyfill to animate
properties. Both web-animations and web-animations-next incorporate a module
that emulates a vanilla inline style object, so that style modification from
JavaScript can still work in the presence of animations. However, to keep the
size of web-animations-next-lite as small as possible, the style emulation
module is not included. When using this version of the polyfill, JavaScript
inline style modification will be overwritten by animations.
Due to browser constraints inline style modification is not supported on iOS 7
or Safari 6 (or earlier versions).
The polyfill will automatically detect the correctly prefixed name to use when
writing animated properties back to the platform. Where possible, the polyfill
will only accept unprefixed versions of experimental features. For example:
var effect = new KeyframeEffect(elem, {"transform": "translate(100px, 100px)"}, 2000);
will work in all browsers that implement a conforming version of transform, but
var effect = new KeyframeEffect(elem, {"-webkit-transform": "translate(100px, 100px)"}, 2000);
will not work anywhere.
File an issue on GitHub: https://github.com/w3c/web-animations/issues/new.
Alternatively, send an email to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>with subject line
“[web-animations] … message topic …”
(archives).
Report any issues with this implementation on GitHub:
https://github.com/web-animations/web-animations-next/issues/new.
When we make a potentially breaking change to the polyfill’s API
surface (like a rename) we will, where possible, continue supporting the
old version, deprecated, for three months, and ensure that there are
console warnings to indicate that a change is pending. After three
months, the old version of the API surface (e.g. the old version of a
function name) will be removed. If you see deprecation warnings you
can’t avoid it by not updating.
We also announce anything that isn’t a bug fix on
web-animations-changes@googlegroups.com.


| Start Time | End Time | Start Location | End Location | Driver | Bus | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{shift.startTime}} | {{shift.endTime}} | {{shift.startLocation}} | {{shift.endLocation}} | {{shift.driverName}} | {{shift.busID}} |
| Start Time | End Time | Start Location | End Location | Driver | Bus | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{shift.startTime}} | {{shift.endTime}} | {{shift.startLocation}} | {{shift.endLocation}} | {{shift.driverName}} | {{shift.busID}} |
| Start Time | End Time | Start Location | End Location | Driver | Bus | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{shift.startTime}} | {{shift.endTime}} | {{shift.startLocation}} | {{shift.endLocation}} | {{shift.driverName}} | {{shift.busID}} |
| Start Time | End Time | Start Location | End Location | Driver | Bus | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{shift.startTime}} | {{shift.endTime}} | {{shift.startLocation}} | {{shift.endLocation}} | {{shift.driverName}} | {{shift.busID}} |


Every controller must extend this class. List of properties which are available
model: DinoModel
request: Express.Request
response: Express.Response
next: Express.NextFunction
dino: DinoResponse
this.dino property has two methods proceed() and throw() which are explained below
1. proceed(result: any)
When an action method is decorated with @SendsResponse, Dinoloop is notified and it is the responsibility of this endpoint to send the response. However, there are cases where you still want to process the request and continue your middleware chain with a chain of dinowares (ex: after returning from callbacks). When results are returned after an async-callback operation, and you'd like to have your result available to the next middlewares in the chain (i.e. your result filters and ResponseEnd middlewares) - Here is how you do it:
- this.next is highly discouraged to use.
- Invoking this.next() proceeds the execution to the next dinoware but the results are not captured. If results are intended to be captured use this.dino.proceed(result).
2. throw(err: Error)
this.dino.throw is responsible for capturing and fowarding errors to the next error middlewares in the chain whenever an error is encountered in async-callback operation. The following example explains one such example of a mongo connection error.
- MongoClient is an external npm package to install.
- this.next(new MongoConnectException()) or this.dino.throw(new MongoConnectException()) both essentially are equivalent, so you can pick your own choice.
- The exception will be caught by MongoConnectExceptionFilter which is declared on the controller and returns the response with a 500 status code.


|
JavaTM 2 Platform Standard Ed. 5.0 |
|||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | |||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
java.lang.Object javax.swing.DefaultButtonModel
public class DefaultButtonModel
The default implementation of a Button
component's data model.
Warning:
Serialized objects of this class will not be compatible with
future Swing releases. The current serialization support is
appropriate for short term storage or RMI between applications running
the same version of Swing. As of 1.4, support for long term storage
of all JavaBeansTM
has been added to the java.beans
package.
Please see XMLEncoder
.
| Field Summary | |
|---|---|
protected String |
actionCommand
|
static int |
ARMED
Indicates partial commitment towards choosing the button. |
protected ChangeEvent |
changeEvent
Only one ChangeEvent is needed per button model
instance since the
event's only state is the source property. |
static int |
ENABLED
Indicates that the button can be selected by an input device (such as a mouse pointer). |
protected ButtonGroup |
group
|
protected EventListenerList |
listenerList
|
protected int |
mnemonic
|
static int |
PRESSED
Indicates that the button has been "pressed" (typically, when the mouse is released). |
static int |
ROLLOVER
Indicates that the mouse is over the button. |
static int |
SELECTED
Indicates that the button has been selected. |
protected int |
stateMask
|
| Constructor Summary | |
|---|---|
DefaultButtonModel()
Constructs a default JButtonModel . |
| Method Summary | ||
|---|---|---|
void |
addActionListener(ActionListener l)
Adds an ActionListener to the button. |
|
void |
addChangeListener(ChangeListener l)
Adds a ChangeListener to the button. |
|
void |
addItemListener(ItemListener l)
Adds an ItemListener to the button. |
|
protected void |
fireActionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
Notifies all listeners that have registered interest for notification on this event type. |
|
protected void |
fireItemStateChanged(ItemEvent e)
Notifies all listeners that have registered interest for notification on this event type. |
|
protected void |
fireStateChanged()
Notifies all listeners that have registered interest for notification on this event type. |
|
String |
getActionCommand()
Returns the action command for this button. |
|
ActionListener[] |
getActionListeners()
Returns an array of all the action listeners registered on this DefaultButtonModel . |
|
ChangeListener[] |
getChangeListeners()
Returns an array of all the change listeners registered on this DefaultButtonModel . |
|
ButtonGroup |
getGroup()
Returns the group that this button belongs to. |
|
ItemListener[] |
getItemListeners()
Returns an array of all the item listeners registered on this DefaultButtonModel . |
|
|
getListeners(Class<T> listenerType)
Returns an array of all the objects currently registered as FooListener s
upon this model. |
|
int |
getMnemonic()
Gets the keyboard mnemonic for this model |
|
Object[] |
getSelectedObjects()
Overridden to return null . |
|
boolean |
isArmed()
Indicates partial commitment towards pressing the button. |
|
boolean |
isEnabled()
Indicates whether the button can be selected or pressed by an input device (such as a mouse pointer). |
|
boolean |
isPressed()
Indicates whether button has been pressed. |
|
boolean |
isRollover()
Indicates that the mouse is over the button. |
|
boolean |
isSelected()
Indicates if the button has been selected. |
|
void |
removeActionListener(ActionListener l)
Removes an ActionListener from the button. |
|
void |
removeChangeListener(ChangeListener l)
Removes a ChangeListener from the button. |
|
void |
removeItemListener(ItemListener l)
Removes an ItemListener from the button. |
|
void |
setActionCommand(String actionCommand)
Sets the actionCommand string that gets sent as
part of the event when the button is pressed. |
|
void |
setArmed(boolean b)
Marks the button as "armed". |
|
void |
setEnabled(boolean b)
Enables or disables the button. |
|
void |
setGroup(ButtonGroup group)
Identifies the group this button belongs to -- needed for radio buttons, which are mutually exclusive within their group. |
|
void |
setMnemonic(int key)
Sets the keyboard mnemonic (shortcut key or accelerator key) for this button. |
|
void |
setPressed(boolean b)
Sets the button to pressed or unpressed. |
|
void |
setRollover(boolean b)
Sets or clears the button's rollover state |
|
void |
setSelected(boolean b)
Selects or deselects the button. |
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
|---|
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Field Detail |
|---|
protected int stateMask
protected String actionCommand
protected ButtonGroup group
protected int mnemonic
protected transient ChangeEvent changeEvent
ChangeEvent
is needed per button model
instance since the
event's only state is the source property. The source of events
generated is always "this".
protected EventListenerList listenerList
public static final int ARMED
public static final int SELECTED
public static final int PRESSED
public static final int ENABLED
public static final int ROLLOVER
| Constructor Detail |
|---|
public DefaultButtonModel()
JButtonModel
.
| Method Detail |
|---|
public void setActionCommand(String actionCommand)
actionCommand
string that gets sent as
part of the event when the button is pressed.
setActionCommand
in interface ButtonModel
actionCommand
- the String
that identifies
the generated eventpublic String getActionCommand()
getActionCommand
in interface ButtonModel
String
that identifies the generated eventsetActionCommand(java.lang.String)
public boolean isArmed()
isArmed
in interface ButtonModel
setArmed(boolean)
public boolean isSelected()
isSelected
in interface ButtonModel
public boolean isEnabled()
isEnabled
in interface ButtonModel
public boolean isPressed()
isPressed
in interface ButtonModel
public boolean isRollover()
isRollover
in interface ButtonModel
public void setArmed(boolean b)
setArmed
in interface ButtonModel
b
- true to arm the button so it can be selectedpublic void setEnabled(boolean b)
setEnabled
in interface ButtonModel
b
- true to enable the buttonisEnabled()
public void setSelected(boolean b)
setSelected
in interface ButtonModel
b
- true selects the button,
false deselects the buttonpublic void setPressed(boolean b)
setPressed
in interface ButtonModel
b
- true to set the button to "pressed"isPressed()
public void setRollover(boolean b)
setRollover
in interface ButtonModel
b
- true to turn on rolloverisRollover()
public void setMnemonic(int key)
setMnemonic
in interface ButtonModel
key
- an int specifying the accelerator keypublic int getMnemonic()
getMnemonic
in interface ButtonModel
setMnemonic(int)
public void addChangeListener(ChangeListener l)
ChangeListener
to the button.
addChangeListener
in interface ButtonModel
l
- the listener to addpublic void removeChangeListener(ChangeListener l)
ChangeListener
from the button.
removeChangeListener
in interface ButtonModel
l
- the listener to removepublic ChangeListener[] getChangeListeners()
DefaultButtonModel
.
ChangeListener
s
or an empty
array if no change listeners are currently registeredaddChangeListener(javax.swing.event.ChangeListener)
,
removeChangeListener(javax.swing.event.ChangeListener)
protected void fireStateChanged()
EventListenerList
public void addActionListener(ActionListener l)
ActionListener
to the button.
addActionListener
in interface ButtonModel
l
- the listener to addpublic void removeActionListener(ActionListener l)
ActionListener
from the button.
removeActionListener
in interface ButtonModel
l
- the listener to removepublic ActionListener[] getActionListeners()
DefaultButtonModel
.
ActionListener
s
or an empty
array if no action listeners are currently registeredaddActionListener(java.awt.event.ActionListener)
,
removeActionListener(java.awt.event.ActionListener)
protected void fireActionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
e
- the ActionEvent
to deliver to listenersEventListenerList
public void addItemListener(ItemListener l)
ItemListener
to the button.
addItemListener
in interface ItemSelectable
addItemListener
in interface ButtonModel
l
- the listener to addItemEvent
public void removeItemListener(ItemListener l)
ItemListener
from the button.
removeItemListener
in interface ItemSelectable
removeItemListener
in interface ButtonModel
l
- the listener to removeItemEvent
public ItemListener[] getItemListeners()
DefaultButtonModel
.
ItemListener
s
or an empty
array if no item listeners are currently registeredaddItemListener(java.awt.event.ItemListener)
,
removeItemListener(java.awt.event.ItemListener)
protected void fireItemStateChanged(ItemEvent e)
e
- the ItemEvent
to deliver to listenersEventListenerList
public <T extends EventListener> T[] getListeners(Class<T> listenerType)
FooListener
s
upon this model.
FooListener
s
are registered using the addFooListener
method.
You can specify the listenerType
argument
with a class literal, such as FooListener.class
.
For example, you can query a DefaultButtonModel
instance m
for its action listeners
with the following code:
ActionListener[] als = (ActionListener[])(m.getListeners(ActionListener.class));If no such listeners exist, this method returns an empty array.
listenerType
- the type of listeners requested;
this parameter should specify an interface
that descends from java.util.EventListener
FooListener
s
on this model,
or an empty array if no such
listeners have been added
ClassCastException
- if listenerType
doesn't
specify a class or interface that implements
java.util.EventListener
getActionListeners()
,
getChangeListeners()
,
getItemListeners()
public Object[] getSelectedObjects()
null
.
getSelectedObjects
in interface ItemSelectable
public void setGroup(ButtonGroup group)
setGroup
in interface ButtonModel
group
- the ButtonGroup
this button belongs topublic ButtonGroup getGroup()
ButtonGroup
that this button belongs to
|
JavaTM 2 Platform Standard Ed. 5.0 |
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| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
Copyright © 2004, 2010 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Use is subject to license terms. Also see the documentation redistribution policy.


VaP is a software application that supports statistical thinking. Many engineering problems can only be expressed in probabilistic terms: for instance, we may have to design a structural element to withstand some future event. We don’t know how violent that event will be, but we have a statistical description of previous impacts. Likewise, we might not know how strong the structural element is without actually breaking it, but we do have a statistical distribution for similar parts from the same batch. To understand how likely the structure is to fail, we need to understand the combination of these two statistical distributions. Unfortunately, intuitive estimates of joint and conditional probabilities tend to be poor, and people are notoriously bad at predicting outcomes based uncertain evidence. The VaP tool lets the user deal with multiple random variables, rigorously evaluates contingencies and presents the results in probabilistic terms.
Consider a trivial example: a beam of resistance R, is loaded with a force S. If the load exceeds the resistance, i.e. R S, then the beam will fail. We can plot all the possible combinations of strength and load, Figure 1. The failure region, i.e. those combinations of R and S for which the beam will fail, lie on one side of the line R-S=0, and the safe region lies on the other. We call this line the Limit State Function.
Now, assume that we know that structural elements from the same batch have a statistical distribution of resistances, centred around 30 Newtons, Figure 2. Furthermore, we know that most loads occur around 60 Newtons, but occasionally we will get a higher load. What is the probability that the beam will fail? To know this, we must consider the joint probability of R and S, Figure 3. The probability of failure, is the sum of probabilities in the failure region. In more mathematical terms, this is the integral of the joint probability function over the region bounded by the limit state function, (Eq.1). In this trivial example, it is easy to understand what is happening, but surprisingly difficult to estimate the probability of an event intuitively. Things get more complicated if there are many variables—as there usually are, or if they are correlated with one another.
The Variables Processor (VaP) was developed by Dr. Petschacher at ETH Zürich in the early 1990s as a teaching aid for structural engineering students. How¬ever, it proved useful and found its way into practical investigations. VaP was further developed at PEC, and is provided at cost for users as VaP 4.0. The VaP 4.0 software is written for the Microsoft .NET Framework 4.6.1 and must this be instal-led on the com¬pu¬ter. The .NET Framework redistributable package, dotnetfx.exe, is available as a stand-alone executable. A downsized version of VaP 4.0, FreeVaP, is of¬fered free of charge to readers of the monograph, "Introduction to Safety and Reliability of Structures" , published in IABSE SED 5, 3rd Edition.


The problem is most likely that your default Windows temporary directory is on a FAT file system. If your TMP file system is NTFS and JConsole does not show your processes, check your username as described in FAQ #2.
For security reasons, local monitoring and management is only supported if your default Windows temporary directory is on a file system that supports setting permissions on files and directories (for example, on an NTFS file system). It is not supported on a FAT file system that provide insufficient access controls.
A potential workaround for this issue:
Set the TMP environment variable to refer to a directory on an NTFS
file system, or any file system that supports setting permissions
on files and directories before you run your application with local
or remote management enabled. Note that this file system should be
local to the machine. Setting this option for target applications
is application specific. To set this variable in a command prompt
or in a batch script, simply enter the following:
set TMP=path
The environment variable can be set globally by adding it to the list of environment variables in the System Properties (Control Panel->System, select the "Advanced" tab and click on the "Environment Variables" button). Through this interface, you can choose to set the variable for all processes run by the current user or globally as a system variable for all processes run by the system.
It is a known problem in JDK 5 that jconsole and jps commands do not work on Windows if your username contains '_' (underscore). Bug 6301562 will be fixed in a future release.
Please see the "How to secure a password file on Windows systems" document for details.
It is most likely a configuration problem. First, make sure your application was started with remote management enabled. (See details from the "Monitoring and Management using JMX" document.) Second, check if SSL is enabled in the management properties to enable remote management and if it is configured properly.
SSL is enabled by default when the remote management is enabled. You can disable SSL by setting com.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl property to false. If your application is not set up with SSL properly but SSL is enabled for remote management, JConsole will fail to connect to the application. Please see "Using SSL" section in the "Monitoring and Management Using JMX" document for information about using SSL for remote management.
If the connection failure problem occurs only when your application runs on Linux, please see FAQ #5.
This is most likely a configuration problem on the Linux machine or the management properties specified to run the application. Please also see FAQ #a4 about using SSL.
You should check the following:
Run "hostname -i" command. If it reports <IP_ADDRESS>, JConsole would not be able to connect to the JVM running on that Linux machine. To fix this issue, edit /etc/hosts so that the hostname resolves to the host address.
Packet filtering is built in the Linux kernel. You can run "/sbin/iptables --list" to determine if an external client is allowed to connect to the JMX agent created for remote management. You can use the following command to add a rule to allow an external client such as JConsole to connect:
/usr/sbin/iptables -I INPUT -s jconsole-host -p tcp --destination-port jmxremote-port -j ACCEPT
where jconsole-host is either the hostname or the host address on which JConsole runs on and jmxremote-port is the port number set for com.sun.management.jmxremote.port for remote management.
When you enable the application for remote management with SSL, you have set up a digital certificate on the system where the JMX agent (MBean server) is running and configured SSL properly.
Assuming you created a keystore as described in the JSSE Guide and started your application (Server) as follows:
% java -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStore=keystore \
-Djavax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword=password Server
To connect to this application, you need to run jconsole as follows:
% jconsole -J-Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=truststore \The above configuration authenticates the server only. If client authentication is set up, you will need to provide a similar keystore for the JConsole's keys, and an appropriate truststore for the application.
-J-Djavax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword=trustword
The com.sun.management.jmxremote.port management property specifies the port where the RMI Registry can be reached but the ports where the RMIServer and RMIConnection remote objects are exported is chosen by the RMI stack. To export the remote objects (RMIServer and RMIConnection) on a given port you need to create your own RMI connector server programmatically, as described in the section Mimicking Out-of-the-Box Management Using the JMX Remote API in the Java SE Monitoring and Management Guide. You must specify the JMXServiceURL as follows:
JMXServiceURL url = new JMXServiceURL("service:jmx:rmi://localhost:" + port1 + "/jndi/rmi://localhost:" + port2 + "/jmxrmi");In the command above, port1 is the port number on which the RMIServer and RMIConnection remote objects are exported and port2 is the port number of the RMI Registry.
The file JVM-MANAGEMENT-MIB.mib
is the standard MIB for the Java virtual machine. Some objects exposed in the JVM MIB are 64-bit quantities. To see these objects, you need to use the SNMP v2 protocol. If you can walk the JVM MIB using SNMP v1 protocol, the 64-bit objects are skipped.
The JVM MIB includes 64-bit objects which require to use the SNMP v2 protocol. All the 64-bit objects are skipped if you walk the JVM MIB using SNMP v1.


Delegate for the AudioStreamManager
Called when a file from the SDLAudioStreamManager finishes playing
- (void)audioStreamManager:(nonnull SDLAudioStreamManager *)audioManager
fileDidFinishPlaying:(nonnull NSURL *)fileURL
successfully:(BOOL)successfully;
func audioStreamManager(_ audioManager: SDLAudioStreamManager, fileDidFinishPlaying fileURL: URL, successfully: Bool)
A reference to the audio stream manager
The URL that finished playing
Whether or not it was played successfully
Called when a file from the SDLAudioStreamManager could not play
- (void)audioStreamManager:(nonnull SDLAudioStreamManager *)audioManager
errorDidOccurForFile:(nonnull NSURL *)fileURL
error:(nonnull NSError *)error;
func audioStreamManager(_ audioManager: SDLAudioStreamManager, errorDidOccurForFile fileURL: URL, error: Error)
A reference to the audio stream manager
The URL that failed
The error that occurred
Called when a data buffer from the SDLAudioStreamManager finishes playing
- (void)audioStreamManager:(nonnull SDLAudioStreamManager *)audioManager
dataBufferDidFinishPlayingSuccessfully:(BOOL)successfully;
optional func audioStreamManager(_ audioManager: SDLAudioStreamManager, dataBufferDidFinishPlayingSuccessfully successfully: Bool)
A reference to the audio stream manager
Whether or not the data buffer played successfully
Called when a data buffer from the SDLAudioStreamManager could not play
- (void)audioStreamManager:(nonnull SDLAudioStreamManager *)audioManager
errorDidOccurForDataBuffer:(nonnull NSError *)error;
optional func audioStreamManager(_ audioManager: SDLAudioStreamManager, errorDidOccurForDataBuffer error: Error)
A reference to the audio stream manager
The error that occurred


English(Native Language), French(Working Proficiency), German(Limited Working Proficiency)
C, C++, bash, Python, Java, Prolog, R, JavaScript, HTML, SQLLite, php, LaTex, AngularJs, Cucumber Testing, NodeJs
Machine Learning, Selenium-Testing, Spring-Framework, Task Automation
Helped maintain the dealership software.
GPA: 3.4545
Major: Bachelor of Science Computer Science
GPA: 3.12
Department: Retail Systems
Position: Developer-I


{% for message in form.name.errors %}
{{message}}
{% endfor %}
{% for message in form.email.errors %}
{{message}}
{% endfor %}
{% if error %}
{{message}}
{% endif %}
Having a conversation with your computer might sound like the script of
a science fiction movie. After all, the members of the Enterprise on Star
Trek regularly talked with their computer. In fact, the computer often talked
back. However, with the rise of Apple’s Siri (http://www.apple.com/ios/
siri/) and other interactive software, perhaps you really don’t find a
conversation so unbelievable.
Asking the computer for information is one thing, but providing it with instructions is quite another. This website considers why you want to instruct your
computer about anything and what benefit you gain from it. You also discover
the need for a special language when performing this kind of communication
and why you want to use Python to accomplish it. However, the main thing
to get out of this site is that programming is simply a kind of communication that
is akin to other forms of communication you already have with your
computer.


How do we arrange numbers in increasing order? How about in decreasing order?
To arrange number in ascending or descending order,
1. First pick any two or more numbers and compare them starting from left to right.
2. Find out which one is greater or less, then put them in correct order.
3. Then pick another number and compare it with one of the first two numbers you picked.
4. Then put them in order accordingly.
5. Do the same with other numbers.
Increasing Order
To put numbers in order, place them from lowest (first) to highest (last).
This is called “Ascending Order”. Think of it like ascending a mountain.
Examples:
Place 17 890, 17 670, 17 990 and 17 468 in ascending order.
Answer: 17 468, 17 670, 17 890, 17 990
Place 23 456, 32 640, 23 560, 31 780 and 22 650 in ascending order
Answer: 22 650, 23 456, 23 560, 31 780, 32 640
Decreasing Order
Sometimes you want the numbers to go the other way, from highest down to lowest, this is called "Descending Order".


Created by Dario Talarico 2015. All rights reserved.
[http://www.theaterframework.com]
This software is licensed under the Apache 2 license, quoted below.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
[http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0]
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.


Kathie Lee Gifford's daughter Cassidy engaged
Cassidy's twin brother Cody got engaged in May
by Lisa Respers France, CNNNEW YORK - Multiple wedding bells shall be ringing in Kathy Lee Gifford's family.
The former "Today" show host posted on Sunday that her 26-year-old daughter, Cassidy, is now engaged.
Giffford shared a photo of Cassidy and her fiancé Ben Wierda on her official Instagram account.
"So thrilled to announce that my beautiful daughter, @cassidygiff, is engaged to a wonderful man, Ben @letsgetwierda," Gifford's caption read. "I am beyond the moon and stars. Thank you, LORD!"
In May, Cassidy Gifford celebrated her brother Cody's engagement to actress Erika Brown.
"So excited for what God has in store for these two," Cassidy Gifford wrote in a caption showing Brown and her sister embracing. "The most excited to welcome my already sister @missamerikabrown into the craziness."
Cassidy and Cody, 29, are Kathie Lee Gifford's children with her late husband, sports commentator Frank Gifford, who died in 2015.


Module: Concurrent::Executor
- Included in:
- JavaExecutor, PerThreadExecutor, RubyExecutor, SerialExecutor
- Defined in:
- lib/concurrent/executor/executor.rb
Instance Attribute Summary (collapse)
-
- (Object) fallback_policy
readonly
The policy defining how rejected tasks (tasks received once the queue size reaches the configured
max_queue
, or after the executor has shut down) are handled.
Instance Method Summary (collapse)
- - (Boolean) auto_terminate?
-
- (Boolean) can_overflow?
Does the task queue have a maximum size?.

Does this executor guarantee serialization of its operations?.
Instance Attribute Details
- (Object) fallback_policy (readonly)
The policy defining how rejected tasks (tasks received once the
queue size reaches the configured max_queue
, or after the
executor has shut down) are handled. Must be one of the values
specified in FALLBACK_POLICIES
.
12 13 14 |
# File 'lib/concurrent/executor/executor.rb', line 12 def fallback_policy @fallback_policy end |
Instance Method Details
- (Boolean) auto_terminate?
63 64 65 |
# File 'lib/concurrent/executor/executor.rb', line 63 def auto_terminate? !! @auto_terminate end |
- (Boolean) can_overflow?
Note:
Always returns false
Does the task queue have a maximum size?
21 22 23 |
# File 'lib/concurrent/executor/executor.rb', line 21 def can_overflow? false end |
- (Object) create_at_exit_handler!(this) (protected)
89 90 91 92 93 |
# File 'lib/concurrent/executor/executor.rb', line 89 def create_at_exit_handler!(this) at_exit do this.kill if Concurrent.auto_terminate_all_executors? end end |
- (Object) create_mri_at_exit_handler!(id) (protected)
80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 |
# File 'lib/concurrent/executor/executor.rb', line 80 def create_mri_at_exit_handler!(id) at_exit do if Concurrent.auto_terminate_all_executors? this = ObjectSpace._id2ref(id) this.kill if this end end end |
- (Object) enable_at_exit_handler!(opts = {}) (protected)
69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 |
# File 'lib/concurrent/executor/executor.rb', line 69 def enable_at_exit_handler!(opts = {}) if opts.fetch(:stop_on_exit, true) @auto_terminate = true if RUBY_PLATFORM == 'ruby' create_mri_at_exit_handler!(self.object_id) else create_at_exit_handler!(self) end end end |
- (Boolean) serialized?
Note:
Always returns false
Does this executor guarantee serialization of its operations?
59 60 61 |
# File 'lib/concurrent/executor/executor.rb', line 59 def serialized? false end |


Stake
This Project is in Beta. Use at your own risk
Welcome to Candleo Staking
Total Staked Balance: 1021.0531520516
Dear Hooman,
With crypto staking you will receive a reward. This is usually a fixed percentage per year. The percentage is an indication and could theoretically change. In candleo, Estimated annual yield will be 30% of the amount staked. For instance, if you stake 100 tokens for 365days you will get 30 tokens as rewards in the end.
Note: Stakes and rewards will be locked for the next 24 hours after staking, unstaking or claiming the rewards.
Before starting to stake your funds, you need to approve staking contract.  Click on approve button to start staking.
Congrats!!!, You are just one step away from staking. Please enter the amount of token you want to stake and then click on "Stake Now" button.
LEO
staking Fees:
LEO


Welcome to {{title}} app !
You have successfully created your Express powered Angular application.
Get started with Angular


---
layout: default
---
{% include patterns/hero.liquid headline="Final Project Showcase" byline="Take a look at some of the fantastic final assignments created by students this semester!" %}
All work featured below is included with the student's permission on an opt-in basis.


Open Source Icons for the Web
Smaller than similar webfonts and with fewer network requests than other solutions, Geomicons Open is built from the ground up for performance. Designed on a grid for pixel-precision at standard sizes, each icon is hand-coded to avoid the extra bloat from traditional vector drawing applications.
Download the source or grab Geomicons Open from one of these sources:
git clone https://github.com/jxnblk/geomicons-open.git
npm install geomicons-open
<link rel="stylesheet" href="http://d2v52k3cl9vedd.cloudfront.net/geomicons/0.2.0/geomicons.min.js">
Add a data-icon
attribute with the name of the icon to inject.

Pass a nodelist to the Geomicons.inject()
method.

Style with CSS

Or, if you’re just using one or two, copy and paste the SVG code from the icons on this page.
Download and learn more about how to use Geomicons on Github.
View on Github


Toronto police unable to find man reportedly swinging axe around downtown
by the canadian pressToronto police say they weren’t able to find a man who had reportedly been walking around the downtown area and swinging an axe.
They say the man was yelling at people on Saturday evening and striking garages with the large axe.
They say he then started swinging it at transit poles.
Const. David Hopkinson says the man had been moving through the downtown area fairly quickly.
There were no reports of injuries.
Police say they called off the search at about 9 p.m. — several hours after the man was last spotted.


{% extends 'base.html'%} {% load static %} {% load bootstrap3 %} {% block content %}
Giving a tunnel to a better education.


--- layout: post title: StoreConfigurable - A Lesson In Recursion In Ruby categories: - heuristics - ruby-rails ---
When ActiveRecord 3.2 was released there was a small addition called ActiveRecord::Store which bills itself as a simple key/value store for your models. The code below is pulled right from their example usage.
{% highlight ruby %} class User < ActiveRecord::Base store :settings, accessors: [:color, :homepage] end @user = User.new(color: 'black', homepage: '37signals.com') @user.color # => 'black' @user.settings[:color] # => 'black' @user.settings[:remember_me] = true {% endhighlight %}
Most people know that I love simple tools. But when I found myself considering ActiveRecord::Store
, I found it seriously lacking for my particular use case. What I wanted was a config for a user class that could do the following:
The lack of these features is why I set out to build a little gem I call StoreConfigurable. A zero-configuration recursive Hash for storing a tree of options in a serialized ActiveRecord column which includes self-aware hooks that delegate dirty/changed state to your configs owner. Perfect right? Here is a simple example of its usage below. If you want to learn more, checkout the project on github with the full README.
{% highlight ruby %} class User < ActiveRecord::Base store_configurable end @user.config.remember_me = true @user.config.sortable_tables.column = 'created_at' @user.config.sortable_tables.direction = 'asc' @user.config.you.should.never.need.to.do.this.but.you.could.if.you.wanted.to = 'deep_value' @user.config_changed? # => true {% endhighlight %}Rather than talking about how StoreConfigurable might be a good fit for you, I would instead like to discuss how my first practical usage of recursion in Ruby is implemented in StoreConfigurable. That along with how to leverage default Hash values is the topic for this post.
So first up, a little known feature of Ruby's Hash class is the ability for a default value to be returned when a key is missing. If you stop and think about this, the default is nil
, which is a valid object in Ruby. But you can tell Hash objects to return other values when a key is missing. The first way to do this is to pass the default value as an argument to Hash.new()
. The second is to pass a block to the new method which would return the default value. That block is passed in the current hash object and the key that is missing so you can do some fancy things if needed. Here are some quick examples of both techniques.
Recurion in Ruby can take many forms. My solution for StoreConfigurable was to always make the hash returned by the proxy object self replicate itself for key misses. Here is a fundamental example to make your own Hash object return new instances of itself when keys are missing.
{% highlight ruby %} class RecursiveHash < Hash Recursive = lambda { |h,k| h[k] = h.class.new } def initialize super(&Recursive) end end hash = RecursiveHash.new # => {} hash.class # => RecursiveHash hash[:foo] # => {} hash[:foo].class # => RecursiveHash hash[:a][:b][:c] # => {} hash # => {:foo=>{}, :a=>{:b=>{:c=>{}}}} {% endhighlight %}
In this example, I create a Proc object via the lambda keyword and I use this as the block argument when you create an instance of RecursiveHash
via the super method. Here I am using the &
syntax to pass an existing Proc as a block. Hope I have not lost you so far :)
So default hashes in Ruby and simple recursion techniques are what make up some of the key points of StoreConfigurable. I also use recursion when loading the hash values from the YAML stored in the database. Here is what that technique looks like.
{% highlight ruby %} loader = lambda do |hash, key, value| if value.is_a?(Hash) value.each { |k,v| loader.call(hash.send(key), k, v) } else options.send "#{key}=", value end end data.each { |k,v| loader.call(config, k, v) } {% endhighlight %}Hopefully this dive into Ruby or maybe StoreConfigurable is helpful!


Converts a static method to a function. It worths converting to a function if a method doesn't need access to the class or its instance.


The two endpoints currently supported are - /api/v1.0/restaurants/ and /api/v1.0/foods/
Click Documentation Link below for the Detailed list of REST endpoints
Documentation (Recommended)


My long term goal is to be in a career where I can grow and improve my skills and knowledge. Eventually I would like to be in a position where I can work from home, but also start a family. I’m unsure of what pathway I would like to dive into because I’m still unsure of where my strengths lie.
I would love for myself to gain more confidence in what am trying to achieve. Communicating when I need help and learn to take constructive criticism as a positive. Networking with other developers as I heard it’s all about who you know as much as it is about what you know. As being someone who likes to try and figure things out for myself, I know once I’ve taken the fear away of being judged I feel I could improve my skill set faster by asking for opinions and help when I get stuck, before deciding to shut down and give up.


Jewel catalogue is designed to use for marketing personnel to showcase the various
jewels available with the vendor. The application supports
bulk Jewel tag printing, jewel lookups, advance search option in order to hassle
less search all category of jewel.
The application has also has an option to create jewel stock manually, all tag,
barcode, jewel image are available in this package.
Application provides APIs to export data easily to any other system.
User can catalog and export it to various formats viz. doc, pdf, excel and many
other.
Order form has a feature email order form directly to book the order.


--- layout: jsdoc title: "Module: workbox-background-sync" jsdocNav: - Modules: - workbox-background-sync - workbox-broadcast-cache-update - workbox-build - workbox-cache-expiration - workbox-cacheable-response - workbox-google-analytics - workbox-precaching - workbox-routing - workbox-runtime-caching - workbox-sw ---
Queues failed requests and uses the Background Sync API to replay those requests at a later time when the network state has changed.
This function returns the fetched response for the given id of the request
| Parameters |
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Returns |
Object
response Fetched response of the request. |


--- layout: page excerpt: A, Currently broken!, collection of colours generated according to the primary colour schemes detailed by colour theory, and based upon your “brand colour”. title: Colour swatches ---
The exact opposite of your base colour, useful for delivering contrast but needs to be used with care. Never set copy in your complement colour against a background of your base colour, or vice-versa.
Two colours, one either side of your base colour on a colour wheel. Analogous colours are often found in nature and pleasing to the eye, making them a great choice for most projects.
Similar to the analogous colour scheme but using two colours, one either side of the complement colour. Like an analogous colour scheme it's hard to go wrong with this one.
In this scheme colours are distributed evenly around the colour wheel, typically creating a very vibrant pallette. Use the two spin colours with care, in small doses.
A tetradic, or rectangular colour scheme inludes four colours arranged into two complementary pairs, with one pair offset by two stops of the colour wheel giving two possible directions of 'spin'.
A square colour scheme inludes four colours arranged into two complementary pairs spaced evenly around the colour wheel.


Library OPAC
Archives
July, 2018
May, 2018
April, 2018
March, 2018
February, 2018
January, 2018
December, 2017
New Arrivals @ LRC- August, 2018
(Click on Book cover page to view the summary of the book)


NStack 🛠
This package is a wrapper around the NStack.io API.
Supports the following NStack modules:
- Translate
📦 Installation
Package.swift
Add NStack
to the Package dependencies:
dependencies: [
// ...,
.package(url: "https://github.com/nodes-vapor/nstack.git", .from(from: "3.0.0-beta"))
]
as well as to your target (e.g. App
):
targets: [
.target(name: "App", dependencies: [..., "NStack", ...]),
// ...
]
Getting started 🚀
Import NStack where needed:
import NStack
Config
Create NStack.Config
to configure NStack
, your Applications
as well as the default Translate.Config
.
let nstackConfig = NStack.Config(
applicationConfigs: [
Application.Config(
name: "my app name",
applicationId: "NEVER_PUT_API_IDS_IN_SOURCE_CODE",
restKey: "NEVER_PUT_API_KEYS_IN_SOURCE_CODE"
)
],
defaultTranslateConfig: TranslateController.Config(
defaultPlatform: .backend,
defaultLanguage: "en-EN",
cacheInMinutes: 1
),
log: false
)
If you set log
to true
you will receive helpful logs in case anything goes wrong.
Adding the Service
Instantiate and register NStackProvider
with config created in the previous step.
If you plan on using the leaf tag (see below), make sure to use a synchronous cache, such as MemoryKeyedCache
(and not RedisCache
); otherwise it might break your leaf templates, see https://github.com/vapor/leaf/issues/134
In configure.swift
:
// MARK: NStack
try services.register(
NStackProvider(
config: nstackConfig,
cacheFactory: { container in try container.make(MemoryKeyedCache.self) }
)
)
Usage
Features
Translate
func getProductName(req: Request) throws -> Future<String> {
// ...
let nstack = try req.make(NStack.self)
let translation = nstack.application.translate.get(on: req, section: "products", key: "nstackForSale")
return translation
}
You can also provide searchReplacePairs
:
func getProductName(req: Request, owner: String) throws -> Future<String> {
let nstack = try req.make(NStack.self)
let translation = nstack.application.translate.get(
on: req,
section: "products",
key: "nstackForSale",
searchReplacePairs: [
"productOwner" : owner
]
)
return translation
}
If you are using multiple NStack applications within your project you can switch them with getApplication()
:
let nstack = try req.make(NStack.self)
let translation = nstack.getApplication("my app name").translate.get(on: req, section: "products", key: "nstackForSale")
Note: you can specify the get()
call further in case you don’t want to go with the values provided in defaultTranslateConfig
:
let translation = nstack.application.translate.get(
on: req,
platform: .backend,
language: "dk-DK",
section: "products",
key: "nstackForSale",
searchReplacePairs: [
"productOwner" : "Christian"
]
)
Leaf Tag
In order to render the NStack Leaf tags, you will need to add them first:
public func configure(_ config: inout Config, _ env: inout Environment, _ services: inout Services) throws {
services.register { container -> LeafTagConfig in
var tags = LeafTagConfig.default()
try tags.useNStackLeafTags(container)
return tags
}
}
NStack comes with a built-in Leaf tag. The tag yields a translated string or the given key if translation fails
// Get translation for camelCasedSection.camelCasedKey
#nstack:translate("camelCasedSection", "camelCasedKey")
// Get translation for camelCasedSection.camelCasedKey and replace searchString1 with replaceString1 etc
#nstack:translate("camelCasedSection", "camelCasedKey", "searchString1", "replaceString1", "searchString2", "replaceString2", ...)
IMPORTANT: Due to a bug in leaf you have to make sure that the translations are already loaded and available synchronously when rendering the view. This can be achieved by using the NStackPreloadMiddleware
on the routes for your views:
let nstackPreloadMiddleware = try container.make(NStackPreloadMiddleware.self)
let unprotectedBackend = router.grouped(nstackPreloadMiddleware)
Please note that the leaf tag always uses the current application with the default translate config that you have provided.
Version Updates
NStack has the ability to retrieve the latest version for a certain platform. You can achieve that with the getLatestVersion(for platform: Platforms) -> Future<UpdateVersion?>
method, e.g.:
let nstack = try NStack.makeService(for: req)
nstack.application.version.getLatestVersion(for: .android)
Responses
NStack can be used to store JSON responses. To make use of this feature you can use the ResponseController
.
let nstack = try NStack.makeService(for: req)
nstack.application.response[42].do { (response: Response) in
print(response.content)
}
This gets the unmodified NStack Response
with your JSON data in an object keyed by data
, eg.:
{"data":{"myJSONData":"Starts here"}}
Alternatively you can decode your JSON object like so:
nstack.application.response[42].do { (response: [String: String]) in
print(response)
}
This would yield your Decodable
object, in this case our dictionary: ["myJSONData": "Starts here"]
.
Caching
NStack uses the KeyedCache
registered with Vapor. If you don’t register any Cache, this should be the KeyedMemory
Cache. If you configure Vapor to prefer another Cache, NStack will use this one instead. Example for Redis:
In configure.swift
:
config.prefer(DatabaseKeyedCache<ConfiguredDatabase<RedisDatabase>>.self, for: KeyedCache.self)
🏆 Credits
This package is developed and maintained by the Vapor team at Nodes. The package owner for this project is Christian.
📄 License
This package is open-sourced software licensed under the MIT license


Before Change
""").next()[0])
def get_entries(executor):
return list(executor("""
SELECT * FROM bayesdb_session_entries ORDER BY id;
"""))
def _basic_test_trace(executor):
// a new session is automatically initialized with id 1
After Change
entries = list(executor("""
SELECT * FROM bayesdb_session_entries ORDER BY id;
"""))
SessionEntry = namedtuple("SessionEntry", ["id", "session", "time", "type", "data"])
return [SessionEntry(e[0], e[1], e[2], e[3], e[4]) for e in entries]
def _basic_test_trace(executor):


Class: App.Visualisation
| Defined in: | app/assets/javascripts/visualisation/D3/network_visualisation.js.coffee |
| Inherits: | App.Graph |
Overview
Network Visualisation Graph
Contains code specific to drawing a network visualisation
Property Summary
- (Array) networksOnDisplay
-
Array of the networks that currently have their routers being displayed
- (String) networkid
-
The network id of the network currently being displayed
Properties inherited from App.Graph
w, h, zoom, toolsDrag, nodes, links, tempLinks, tools, mouse
Instance Method Summary
- - (Boolean) alreadyInGraph(data) Function to determine whether or not a node is already in the graph
- - (void) displayRouters(networkid) Display all the routers for a given network
- - (void) removeRouters(networkid) Remove routers from a specific router
- - (void) toggleRouterDisplay(networkid) Determine whether a network currently has its routers displayed and either display or remove them accordingly
- - (void) displayNetwork(networkid) Display the whole contents of a network in the graph
Inherited Method Summary
Methods inherited from App.Graph
#constructor, #createVis, #forceDirection, #drawTools, #setupNode, #nodeActionFired, #newNode, #removeNode, #newTemporaryLink, #drawTemporaryLinks, #newLink, #removeLink, #removeNodesLinks, #clearGraph
Instance Method Details
- (Boolean) alreadyInGraph(data)
Function to determine whether or not a node is already in the graph
- (void) displayRouters(networkid)
Display all the routers for a given network
- (void) removeRouters(networkid)
Remove routers from a specific router
- (void) toggleRouterDisplay(networkid)
Determine whether a network currently has its routers displayed and either display or remove them accordingly
- (void) displayNetwork(networkid)
Display the whole contents of a network in the graph


AJ Move Event | May 9th 8:30pm - May 10th 8:30pm Arizona Time
Look around, as classes end at ASU, NPCs at ASU Polytechnic may need help! Assist these NPCs in moving out of their dorms or houses to earn in game loot! NPCs may require help parting with poor equiptment, meeting up with strangers to trade old loot for ($) dollars, moving old and heavy equiptment to a dumpster (we know, nobody likes escort mission.) Test your skills with the new inventory management system where you stack large items into a medium vehicle. There is lots to discover outside this week. You just need to explore!
Wolfgang and Hailey Pool Extravaganza | May 9th 8pm - 12:00am Arizona Time
Ever wanted to see what your character looks like wet? Here is your oppertunity to take your screenshot in the hot new Pool Party event. From now till midnight, check out Hailey and Wolfgang's player owned apartment and find out what the summer is all about!


Mushrooms - P. cubensis
The following experience happened over 12 years ago yet it stands out as the single most startling experience of my life. It was by far both the best and worst trip I’ve ever had. The following account begins with some tedious social stuff but it is pertinent to the following trip experience, so bear with me…
I had a friend we’ll call D. D liked a girl we’ll call K. D and K dated for a while and then K broke up with D. D was upset with K.
Later, K was secretly had an affair with E. They kept the affair a secret because E was in a serious relationship with one of K’s friends. K decided that what they were doing was wrong and that they had to stop the affair. E was upset with K over the ending of their affair.
Then D befriended E and the two of them shared bad feelings towards K. Around this time I befriended K.
D and E began to experiment with the Ouija board. Neither of them believed in “spirits” or “ghosts” but they began to have uncanny and unexplainable results. Everyone around them seemed to fall in with their Ouija sessions for a while, then experience weird stuff in the middle of the night or get “zapped” and become very ill from it for a few days. D and E, however, seemed to get no negative effects from it.
Personally, I was never around for those sessions and I found the idea as silly and childish as a bedtime ghost story. K had never been around for it either.
Now, K and I were getting closer and we seemed to be on the verge of crossing from friendship to boyfriend / girlfriend. D and E seemed to have negative feelings about this. I understood where D was coming from, but I did not understand why E had bad vibes over this because, as mentioned, the affair he had with K was a secret.
Now, in this period of my life I had been experimenting with LSD and ‘shrooms occasionally and had some truly mind altering experiences. K and I decided that we would set aside a day and share a large dose of ‘shrooms. The day before I made some preparations for the setting (mixed audio tapes, art books to look at, etc). She slept in my bed that night and I slept of the floor. I dreamt I was a dog curled up at the foot of the bed guarding her.
I was woken up by D and E. They had brought the Ouija and began to “channel” their spirits in my living room. I thought it was silly so kept myself busy eating or something. “They” (D and E and/or the “spirits”) began to say bad things about K. I got upset and had it out with them. I basically told them that they were using this “game” as a way to express ill feelings towards K because they did not have the balls to say these things upfront. They assured me that the “spirits” were saying these things and that I should not upset them by claiming they were not real. I (still doubting) asked them to prove it. They warned me that I was making a huge mistake by challenging the “spirits” but that only encouraged me. I got extreme and severe in my challenges and insults against the “spirits”. I was not sure if I believed that they were actually channeling spirits, but it did not matter, because if they were real I still was not in the least bit afraid of them.
Finally they announced that the “spirits” said they would do something very bad to me – not to damage me physically but to scare me so bad that I would never doubt them again. Still scoffing I went back to bed.
The next day K and I split up a very large amount of ‘shrooms. I wish I could tell you how much, but I really don’t know. It was a lot though. I don’t remember exactly what we did as the trip came on, but I know that once I started really feeling it I was lying on my bed listening to a mixed tape of songs I had prepared especially for tripping. The last song was the William Tell Overture from the Clockwork Orange soundtrack. You may know this song as the theme from the Lone Ranger TV show. In this version of the song the music gallops along at high speed and with great energy and then it gets quiet and slow, and slower and slower until it is no more…
…and in that silence the symphony continued as the symphony of symphonies; the song of life, the dance of Shiva. I perceived every sound, the birds outside, the cats playing upstairs, the cars down the block, the breeze, my own heartbeat, everything as a song, all motion as a dance, the dance. Everything from the electron spin resonance to the motion of the planets and everything in between was dancing alive. I perceived that all was motion, all was flux, all was rhythm within rhythm, all flowed together. Matter was energy; space was time.
And as I elevated in consciousness I went beyond all this, so far beyond. As the Yogis say, “gate’, gate’, paragate’, parasamgate’ ”. Anyway I felt much like I had when I was at the peak of my meditation practice years before, a state of profound peace. I perceived that all was perfect. Even apparently negative experiences were a necessary part of the wonderful game of life, mere shadows to define the light. I went further.
From what I have read about Samadhi (to use the Yogic model) I would have to say that Samadhi was what I experienced. I no longer was in a human body lying on a bed - I no longer existed as I. I was no longer an individual. One could say that I was all, but there was no I any longer, there was just… something for which words cannot suffice. I suppose that the best words I can use to describe it are to say that there was a white light/void/ecstasy beyond all imaginable ecstasies.
After some time in this state (it could have been a second or hours for all I could tell) it was time to gently return. On the way down I decided that I could pass this message on to others if I didn’t speak any longer. Words would only detract from the truth in my eyes, but with a mere look, I could pass this on to others and they would just “get it”.
I had tears streaming down my face. These were tears of joy over the unbearable ecstasy of the realization that all consciousness was Love and bliss. Now please understand that the words I use to describe this experience may come closer than any other words, but they are still just dead drab dull and failed attempts at even hinting towards the experience.
This experience had completely dispelled all anxiety over the question of life after death and whether or not there is a soul beyond the physical body. This experience also made the worst experiences in my life but trivial shadows immediately enlightened by the sun borne in my heart.
Now, while all this was going on, K was beginning to have a bad trip. She was very confused and scared. She was on the floor above the one I was on and while I lay there I could here her voice and the fear in her tone. My brother had been watching over her, trying to calm her down. I went upstairs just in time to see my brother helping her to the bathroom to vomit. I remember seeing a lot of little undigested chunks of ‘shrooms all over the bathroom floor. After she vomited we helped her back down stairs and I sat her down on the bed. I could see extreme fear and confusion in her expressions. I smiled peacefully at her until her eyes met mine. I twinkled light from my eyes and said “don’t worry, we are all right, everything is beautiful” without actually speaking. Immediately her face and mood changed. She just snapped into a relaxed and happy mode as soon as our eyes met.
Now, what I did not know at the time was that while she was having a bad trip, voices spoke to her and told her that I had drugged her and that is why she was having such a terrifying trip. These voices told her I was evil and that she needed to get away from me. For the time being, however, my good vibes set her at ease and for a while we had a pleasant time just listening to music, hanging out in the yard, swimming in the pool or whatever.
But the voices crept back into her mind and sent her down the dark road to a bad trip again and this time there was nothing I could do to stop the onslaught of her terror and delusion. This time around she was actually telling me to stay away from her and that she was going to call her parents. I tried to talk her out of that and remind her that she was only tripping, that it would all fade away in a while and that clling her parents would get all of us in a lot of trouble. My brother, however, simply took the phone off the wall and hid it.
At one point she used the bathroom and forgot to put her shorts back on. It seemed I could not get her to put them back on! Then she attempted to pull some steak knives out of the kitchen drawer, either to defend herself from me (because I was a demon bent on driving her permanently insane) or perhaps to kill herself (because the voices were telling her to kill herself and join them, so the insanity would end and they could take care of her). She also made a mad dash straight for the glass patio door (she was about to run right through it) and somehow I leapt and caught her ankle. She started screaming for help as loud as she could.
She became so violent and unmanageable that I finally gave up on trying to maintain this train-wreck / trip-disaster and told her to call her parents. Well, wouldn’t you know it, my brother and I could not hook the phone back up. There she was freaking out while we were fumbling over the phone! Finally we got it together and we called her parents.
Her parents, the police, and an ambulance arrived around the same time. I remember K running out of the house wearing only a T-shirt telling her parents that I gave her drugs.  You see, I was 18 and she was 17.
Her parents freaked out on me, a neighbor freaked out on me and told me he would tell my parents as soon as they got back from vacation, and at least one cop threatened me.
Mercifully, however, the one cop that stayed behind to get the facts from me took pity on me. I told him the whole truth (except who I got the ‘shrooms of course) and he never took me to jail!
In the aftermath, my relationship with my parents was damaged, I was sent into a bad depression, I carried a lot of guilt and regret, and it seemed that the only thing that could reconcile it all was if I were to be fully forgiven by K. Even though I did nothing wrong, but afterwards, there was the lingering sense that I really WAS evil and that I really HAD done this to her, so I had to have her realize that I WAN’T evil in order to move on myself.
Unfortunately this never happened. It took a few months to earn the trust of her parents enough to see her, and after that she just wouldn’t do the right thing by me – to realize and reassure me that she just had a bad trip and that it was not my fault..
After some time she DID realize what actually happened, but in an clever and cruel way that only a woman can be, she used my own guilt and regret to hurt me in - not out of any sort of revenge, but just in a sadistic form of play, like a cat playing with a wounded mouse. Finally I realized what how she really was and what she was doing ot me and I just wrote her off.
Anyway, the connection between the Ouija spirits and the voices that K heard did not occur to D, E, or myself until E’s girlfriend (a witch) found out and sort of reacted as if to say “Well, DUH! Of course it was the spirits you guys invoked! Why would you mix spirit channeling and tripping?!?
Well, in the end, no one was seriously hurt… just as the “spirits” promised. As horrible as the bad side was, the good part of the trip dwarves the bad part like the sun dwarves a shadow. It’s light still shines upon me from outside of time, from beyond the world. It is that from which we have all descended and that to which we all shall return.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


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WITNESS LIST
Economic Development
March 27, 2013 8:00 AM
Registering, but not testifying:
FOR:
Speights, Sara Retired (Self and Bull Creek Road Coalition), Austin, TX
Registering, but not testifying:
FOR:
Levy, Richard (TX AFL.CIO), Austin, TX
ON:
Ross, Chuck (Texas Workforce Commission), Austin, TX
Registering, but not testifying:
FOR:
Hammond, Bill Executive Director (Texas Association of Business), Austin, TX
ON:
Kroll, John (City of Emory), Dripping Springs, TX
FOR:
Craymer, Dale President (Texas Taxpayers and Research Association), Austin, TX
Wood, Robert Director of Economic Development & Analysis (Texas Comptroller of
Public Accounts), Austin, TX
Registering, but not testifying:
FOR:
Lavine, Dick Fiscal Analyst (Center for Public Policy Priorities), Austin, TX
Schwab, Carlton President/CEO (Texas Economic Development Council), Austin, TX
Registering, but not testifying:
ON:
Riley, Steve (Texas Workforce Commission), Austin, TX
FOR:
Adair, Bob Property Tax (Phillips 66 Company), Houston, TX
Casey, Daniel T. Partner at Moak, Casey & Associates (also providing written testimony)
(Self; Moak, Casey & Associates), Austin, TX
Clark, Jeffrey Executive Director (The Wind Coalition), Austin, TX
Craymer, Dale President (also providing written testimony) (Texas Taxpayers and
Research Association), Austin, TX
LeBas, James Fiscal Analyst (also providing written testimony) (Texas Chemical Council,
Texas Oil & Gas Association; Association of Electric Companies of Texas), Austin, TX
Nichols, John E. Tax Director at Dow Chemical Co. (The Dow Chemical Company), Lake
Jackson, TX
Poole, Greg Superintendent Barbers Hill ISD (Barbers Hill ISD), Belview, TX
Porter, Dave Economic Development (Austin Chamber), Austin, TX
WITNESS LIST
Economic Development
March 27, 2013 8:00 AM
AGAINST:
Lavine, Dick Fiscal Analyst (also providing written testimony) (Center for Public Policy
Priorities), Austin, TX
Registering, but not testifying:
FOR:
Beard, Amy Governmental Consultant (The Boeing Company), Austin, TX
Bennett, Richard A. President (Texas Association of Manufacturers), Austin, TX
Burke, Chad Economic Development - MFg (Economic Development Houston Port
Region), Houston, TX
Cagnolatti, David Government Affairs (Phillips 66), Austin, TX
Carter, Janice Consultant (Iberdrola), Austin, TX
Carter, Janice Consultant (TX Instruments), Austin, TX
Castro, Elizabeth Manager, State Government Affairs (Lyondellbasell), Houston, TX
Cox, Jayme Manager, Government Affairs (Shell Oil), Houston, TX
Cubriel, Randy Attorney/Government Relations (Nucor), Austin, TX
Eissler, Rob (Barbers Hill ISD), The Woodlands, TX
Ellmer, Mindy Consultant (North Texas Commission), Austin, TX
Gresham, Kevin E. (E. On Climate & Renewables North America LLC), Austin, TX
Hogan, Patrick Executive Director (Texas Technology Consortium), Elgin, TX
Jones, Max (Metro 8 Chambers of Commerce (Arlington, Dallas, Ft. Worth, Corpus
Christi, Austin, Houston, San Antonio, El Paso)), Houston, TX
Koenig, Linda (Chevron Phillips Chemical Co.), The Woodlands, TX
Mayberry, Warren G. Government Affairs (DuPont), Austin, TX
Meroney, Mike Consultant (Huntsman Corp & Sherwin Alumina Co.), Austin, TX
Moore, Julie Senior Director, State Government Affairs (Occidental Petroleum
Corporation), Austin, TX
Pearson, Dan Lobbyist (Next Era Energy), Austin, TX
Perez, Richard President/CEO (The Greater San Antonio Chamber of Commerce), San
Antonio, TX
Posey, Jake Attorney (Bell Helicopter), Austin, TX
Ratliff, Shannon Attorney (Invenergy), Austin, TX
Reilly, Wendy Director, State Government Affairs (The Technology Association of
America - Tech America), Austin, TX
Ross, Susan Consultant (TREIA), Austin, TX
Schwab, Carlton President/CEO (Texas Economic Development Council), Austin, TX
Sebree, Ben Attorney/Government Affairs Consultant (Enterprise Products, LLC), Austin,
TX
Shannon, Fred Government Relations (Hewlett Packard), Austin, TX
Shelley, Dan Attorney (Lockheed Martin Aerospace), Austin, TX
Shields, Chris Lobbyist (Port San Antonio), Austin, TX
Shields, Chris Lobbyist (Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Texas Inc.), Austin, TX
Shields, Chris (Tenaska), Austin, TX
Smith, Russel E. Executive Director (Texas Renewable Energy Industries Association),
Austin, TX
WITNESS LIST
Economic Development
March 27, 2013 8:00 AM
Weist, Jon Vice President (Metro 8 Chambers of Commerce), Arlington, TX
Windham, Trisha (Dallas Regional Chamber), Dallas, TX
Womack, Daniel (Texas Chemical Council), Austin, TX
Woomer, Eric (Samsung), Austin, TX
Wright, Eric Consultant (EDP Renewables), Austin, TX
Wurzel, Geoff Director (TechNet), Austin, TX
AGAINST:
Ambs, Dana Designer, Realtor, Small Business Owner (Self), Austin, TX
Fazio, Heather Renegade (Texans for Accountable Government), Austin, TX
ON:
Wood, Robert Director of Economic Development & Analysis (Texas Comptroller of
Public Accounts), Austin, TX
Registering, but not testifying:
FOR:
Bragiel, Justin General Counsel (Texas Hotel & Lodging Association), Austin, TX
Nettleton, Beau County Commission PCT3 (Val Verde County), Del Rio, TX


Best of cartoons November 23, 2019 Our talented team of artists, illustrators and cartoonists give us their humorous version of the news of the day. 22 Nov 2019, 13:29 Jim Pavlidis Michael Leunig Alan Moir Andrew Dyson Jim Pavlidis Robin Cowcher John Shakespeare Matt Golding Matt Golding Matt Davidson Matt Golding Dionne GainDionne Gain Simon Letch Simon Letch Simon Letch John Shakespeare


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Most class issues can usually be boiled down to namespace issues (which makes sense, given that classes are just namespaces with a few extra tricks up their sleeves).
Theoretically speaking, classes (and class instances) are all mutable objects. Just as with built-in lists and dictionaries, they can be changed in place, by assigning to their attributes. As with lists and dictionaries, this also means that changing a class or instance object may impact multiple references to it.
That's usually what we want (and is how objects change their state in general), but this becomes especially critical to know when changing class attributes. Because all instances generated from a class share the class's namespace, any changes at the class level are reflected in all instances, unless they have their own versions of changed class attributes.
Since classes, modules, and instances are all just objects with attribute namespaces, you can normally change their attributes at runtime by assignments. Consider the following class; inside the class body, the assignment to name a generates an attribute X.a, which lives in the class object at runtime and will be inherited by all of X's instances:
>>> class X: ... a = 1 # class attribute ... >>> I = X() >>> I.a # inherited by instance 1 >>> X.a 1
So far so good. But notice what happens when we change the class attribute dynamically: it also changes it in every object which inherits from the class. Moreover, new instances created from the class get the dynamically set value, regardless of what the class's source code says:
>>> X.a = 2 # may change more than X >>> I.a # I changes too 2 >>> J = X() # J inherits from X's runtime values >>> J.a # (but assigning to J.a changes a in J, not X or I) 2
Useful feature or dangerous trap? You be the judge, but you can actually get work done by changing class attributes, without ever making a single instance. In fact, this technique can simulate "records" or "structs" in other languages. For example, consider the following unusual but legal Python program:
class X: pass # make a few attribute namespaces class Y: pass X.a = 1 # use class attributes as variables X.b = 2 # no instances anywhere to be found X.c = 3 Y.a = X.a + X.b + X.c for X.i in range(Y.a): print X.i # prints 0..5
Here, classes X and Y work like file-less modules—namespaces for storing variables we don't want to clash. This is a perfectly legal Python programming trick, but is less appropriate when applied to classes written by others; you can't always be sure that class attributes you change aren't critical to the class's internal behavior. If you're out to simulate a C struct, you may be better off changing instances than classes, since only one object is affected:
>>> class Record: pass ... >>> X = Record() >>> X.name = 'bob' >>> X.job = 'Pizza maker'
This may be obvious, but is worth underscoring: if you use multiple inheritance, the order in which superclasses are listed in a class statement header can be critical. For instance, in the example we saw earlier, suppose that the Super implemented a _ _ repr __ method too; would we then want to inherit Lister's or Super's? We would get it from whichever class is listed first in Sub's class header, since inheritance searches left to right. But now suppose Super and Lister have their own versions of other names too; if we want one name from Super and one from Lister, we have to override inheritance by manually assigning to the attribute name in the Sub class:
def __repr__(self): ... def other(self): ... def __repr__(self): ... def other(self): ... class Sub(Super, Lister): # pick up Super's __repr__, by listing it first other = Lister.other # but explicitly pick up Lister's version of other def __init__(self): ...
Multiple inheritance is an advanced tool; even if you understood the last paragraph, it's still a good idea to use it sparingly and carefully. Otherwise, the meaning of a name may depend on the order in which classes are mixed in an arbitrarily far removed subclass.
This one is simple if you understand Python's underlying object model, but it tends to trip up new users with backgrounds in other OOP languages (especially Smalltalk). In Python, class method functions can never be called without an instance. Earlier in the chapter, we talked about unbound methods: when we fetch a method function by qualifying a class (instead of an instance), we get an unbound method. Even though they are defined with a def statement, unbound method objects are not simple functions; they cannot be called without an instance.
For example, suppose we want to use class attributes to count how many instances are generated from a class. Remember, class attributes are shared by all instances, so we can store the counter in the class object itself:
class Spam: numInstances = 0 def __init__(self): Spam.numInstances = Spam.numInstances + 1 def printNumInstances(): print "Number of instances created: ", Spam.numInstances
This won't work: the printNumInstances method still expects an instance to be passed in when called, because the function is associated with a class (even though there are no arguments in the def header):
>>> from spam import * >>> a = Spam() >>> b = Spam() >>> c = Spam() >>> Spam.printNumInstances() Traceback (innermost last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in ? TypeError: unbound method must be called with class instance 1st argument
Don't expect this: unbound methods aren't exactly the same as simple functions. This is really a knowledge issue, but if you want to call functions that access class members without an instance, just make them simple functions, not class methods. This way, an instance isn't expected in the call:
def printNumInstances(): print "Number of instances created: ", Spam.numInstances class Spam: numInstances = 0 def __init__(self): Spam.numInstances = Spam.numInstances + 1 >>> import spam >>> a = spam.Spam() >>> b = spam.Spam() >>> c = spam.Spam() >>> spam.printNumInstances() Number of instances created: 3
We can also make this work by calling through an instance, as usual:
class Spam: numInstances = 0 def __init__(self): Spam.numInstances = Spam.numInstances + 1 def printNumInstances(self): print "Number of instances created: ", Spam.numInstances >>> from spam import Spam >>> a, b, c = Spam(), Spam(), Spam() >>> a.printNumInstances() Number of instances created: 3 >>> b.printNumInstances() Number of instances created: 3 >>> Spam().printNumInstances() Number of instances created: 4
Some language theorists claim that this means Python doesn't have class methods, only instance methods. We suspect they really mean Python classes don't work the same as in some other language. Python really has bound and unbound method objects, with well-defined semantics; qualifying a class gets you an unbound method, which is a special kind of function. Python really does have class attributes, but functions in classes expect an instance argument.
Moreover, since Python already provides modules as a namespace partitioning tool, there's usually no need to package functions in classes unless they implement object behavior. Simple functions in modules usually do most of what instance-less class methods could. For example, in the first example in this section, printNumInstances is already associated with the class, because it lives in the same module.
Classes introduce a local scope just as functions do, so the same sorts of scope gotchas can happen in a class statement body. Moreover, methods are further nested functions, so the same issues apply. Confusion seems to be especially common when classes are nested. For instance, in the following example, the generate function is supposed to return an instance of the nested Spam class. Within its code, the class name Spam is assigned in the generate function's local scope. But within the class's method function, the class name Spam is not visible; method has access only to its own local scope, the module surrounding generate, and built-in names:
def generate(): class Spam: count = 1 def method(self): # name Spam not visible: print Spam.count # not local (def), global (module), built-in return Spam() generate().method() C:\python\examples> python nester.py Traceback (innermost last): File "nester.py", line 8, in ? generate().method() File "nester.py", line 5, in method print Spam.count # not local (def), global (module), built-in NameError: Spam
The most general piece of advice we can pass along here is to remember the LGB rule; it works in classes and method functions just as it does in simple functions. For instance, inside a method function, code has unqualified access only to local names (in the method def), global names (in the enclosing module), and built-ins. Notably missing is the enclosing class statement; to get to class attributes, methods need to qualify self, the instance. To call one method from another, the caller must route the call through self (e.g., self.method()).
There are a variety of ways to get the example above to work. One of the simplest is to move the name Spam out to the enclosing module's scope with global declarations; since method sees names in the enclosing module by the LGB rule, Spam references work:
def generate(): global Spam # force Spam to module scope class Spam: count = 1 def method(self): print Spam.count # works: in global (enclosing module) return Spam() generate().method() # prints 1
Perhaps better, we can also restructure the example such that class Spam is defined at the top level of the module by virtue of its nesting level, rather than global declarations. Both the nested method function and the top-level generate find Spam in their global scopes:
def generate(): return Spam() class Spam: # define at module top-level count = 1 def method(self): print Spam.count # works: in global (enclosing module) generate().method()
We can also get rid of the Spam reference in method altogether, by using the special __ class __ attribute, which, as we've seen, returns an instance's class object:
def generate(): class Spam: count = 1 def method(self): print self.__class__.count # works: qualify to get class return Spam() generate().method()
Finally, we could use the mutable default argument trick we saw in Chapter 4 to make this work, but it's so complicated we're almost embarrassed to show you; the prior solutions usually make more sense:
def generate(): class Spam: count = 1 fillin = [None] def method(self, klass=fillin): # save from enclosing scope print klass[0].count # works: default plugged-in Spam.fillin[0] = Spam return Spam() generate().method()
Notice that we can't say klass=Spam in method's def header, because the name Spam isn't visible in Spam's body either; it's not local (in the class body), global (the enclosing module), or built-in. Spam only exists in the generate function's local scope, which neither the nested class nor its method can see. The LGB rule works the same for both.
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line(3f) - [M_calcomp:basic] plot a polyline with optional rescaling (LICENSE:PD)
Synopsis
Description
Options
Examples
License
subroutine line(xarray,yarray,npts,inc,+-lintyp,inteq)
Plots a series of XY points with optional rescaling.
The LINE subroutine produces a line plot of the pairs of data values in two arrays (XARRAY and YARRAY). LINE computes the page coordinates of each plotted point according to the data values in each array and the respective scaling parameters. The data points may be represented by centered symbols and/or connecting lines between points.
The scaling parameters corresponding to FIRSTV and DELTAV (see SCALE) must immediately follow each array. If these parameters have not been computed by the SCALE subroutine they must be supplied by the user. If scaling is not required, the user must place the appropriate minimum and delta values in the specified elements of the arrays. For a one-to-one correspondence between array data and plotted data, these values should be 0.0 (minimum) and 1.0 (delta).
XARRAY is the name of the array containing the abscissa (X) values and the scaling parameters for the X array. YARRAY is the name of the array containing the ordinate (Y) values and the scaling parameters for the Y array. NPTS is the number of data points to be plotted in each of the two arrays just mentioned. The number does not include the extra two locations for the scaling parameters. The number of points in each array must be the same. INC is the increment that the LINE subroutine is to use in gathering data from the two arrays, as described previously for the SCALE subroutine. XARRAY and YARRAY must be dimensioned NPTS*INC+INC+1.0 +-LINTYP is a control parameter which describes the type of line to be drawn through the data points. The magnitude of LINTYP determines the frequency of plotted symbols. If LINTYP is zero, the points are connected by straight lines but no symbols are plotted.
If LINTYP=1, a line plot with a symbol at each data point is produced.
If LINTYP=n, a line plot connects every data point defined in the array; a symbol is drawn at every nth data point. (The pen is up when moving from its current position to the first point.) For example, if LINTYP=4, a special symbol (denoted by INTEQ) is plotted at every fourth data point. If LINTYP=-n, no connecting lines are drawn; only the symbols are plotted, at every nth data point.
INTEQ is the integer equivalent of the special plotting symbol centered at each data point. This value normally can be 0 through 14 (see Table 2), and has meaning only when LINTYP is not zero. Some of these symbols are as follows: box, octagon, triangle, plus, X, diamond, and asterisk.
 PLOT GRAPH ILLUSTRATING SCALE, AXIS, AND LINE deltax=0.04 ! AXIS DRAWS LABELS AS MUCH AS 0.4 INCHES TO THE NEGATIVE OF AXIS CENTER; ! EITHER USE AN ORIGIN OFFSET OF AT LEAST THIS VALUE OR DO NOT USE AN !


UNIVERSAL SOLDIER Film comments by Mark R. Leeper Copyright 1992 Mark R. Leeper
- Victor Halpern created the zombie film with the 1932 WHITE ZOMBIE. He pretty much lucked out. The film is poverty-row all the way. It has cheap sets, low production values, and bad acting. But some of its images are undeniably very effective and it manages the feel of a nightmare. Like CARNIVAL OF SOULS, the film just clicks somehow. But was it luck or skill? Four years later he made his second zombie film and it sank like a stone. The idea just did not have appeal. REVOLT OF THE ZOMBIES was about bringing dead soldiers back to life as zombies so they could be the ultimate fighting soldiers. So UNIVERSAL SOLDIER is the second film that idea has sunk. Well, admittedly, it is other problems that sink UNIVERSAL SOLDIER, but it is interesting that this idea was used before.
- Van Damme is Belgian. He has a Flemish accent, sort of guttural and Germanic. Maybe I am not that good with accents. But I can tell you his accent is neither Cajun nor Creole. His parents in the film certainly don't have accents like his. So what gives? How did he end up with this accent? Maybe we'll be hearing that Arnold Schwarzenegger has been cast as Sergeant Rock!
- I guess Van Damme is now officially Carolco Action Figure(tm). Carolco seems to cut these guys out with cookie cutters. They seem to be martial artists with foreign accents, and the way some people habitually smoke after sex, they pun after killing people. I think they got the idea from James Bond films.
- Nice photography of Hoover/Boulder Dam. Also it is impressive to see someone running down the side. To me that is more impressive than all the acrobatic kicking which mercifully is saved until the final reel.
- Why does the opening sequence remind me of PLATOON?
- It is always nice to see Jerry Orbach, even if this film underuses his talents.
 You learn not to worry about your friends getting shot as long as they don't smoke and they remember to buckle up. The after-life must be a lot weirder than anyone imagined.
- I give it a low 0 on the -4 to +4 scale.
Mark R. Leeper att!mtgzy!leeper<EMAIL_ADDRESS>.
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More than 78,191 people have contracted the virus in China. Health authorities have identified many other people with COVID-19 around the world, including in the United States. On January 31, 2020, the virus pass from one person to another in the U.S. Coronaviruses are a type of virus. There are many different kinds.
More than 78,191 people have contracted the virus in China. Health authorities have identified many other people with COVID-19 around the world, including in the United States. On January 31, 2020, the virus pass from one person to another in the U.S. Coronaviruses are a type of virus. There are many different kinds.
If you are healthy, you only need to wear a mask if you are taking care of a person with suspected covid infection.

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Avoid close contact with people who are sick. If possible, maintain 6 feet between the person who is sick and other household members.
Clean and disinfect surfaces frequently especially those which are regularly touched, such as door handles, faucets and phone screens.
When an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, droplets or tiny particles called aerosols
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some coronaviruses can be transmitted from person to person, usually after close contact with an infected patient.
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There are many types of human coronaviruses including some that commonly cause mild upper-respiratory tract illnesses. COVID-19 is a new disease, caused be a novel (or new) coronavirus that has not previously been seen in humans. The name of this disease was selected following the World Health Organization (WHO) best practiceexternal icon for naming of new human infectious diseases.
People can fight stigma and help, not hurt, others by providing social support. Counter stigma by learning and sharing facts. Communicating the facts that viruses do not target specific racial or ethnic groups and how COVID-19 actually spreads can help stop stigma.
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