Photo: Advancing science education
Jamaican American Connection (JAC) New Haven President Karaine Holness (left) presents equipment, including SMART whiteboards, books, lab equipment such as lab glassware, stationery supplies and various labspecific consumables, to the principal of Convent of Mercy Academy “Alpha”, Kali McMorris (second left), and Arthens Smith (second right) of Holy Trinity High School while JAC member Janice Hart looks on, at Alpha in Kingston on Tuesday. As part of the initiative to advance science education, equipment was also handed over to Kingston College.
(Photo: Garfield Robinson)


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Kind of a Blur
问题描述 :
Image blurring occurs when the object being captured is out of the camera’s focus. The top two figures on the right are an example of an image and its blurred version. Restoring the original image given only the blurred version is one of the most interesting topics in image processing. This process is called deblurring, which will be your task for this problem.
In this problem, all images are in grey-scale (no colours). Images are represented as a 2 dimensional matrix of real numbers, where each cell corresponds to the brightness of the corresponding pixel. Although not mathematically accurate, one way to describe a blurred image is through averaging all the pixels that are within (less than or equal to) a certain Manhattan distance?from each pixel (including the pixel itself ). Here’s an example of how to calculate the blurring of a 3×3 image with a blurring distance of 1:
In this problem, all images are in grey-scale (no colours). Images are represented as a 2 dimensional matrix of real numbers, where each cell corresponds to the brightness of the corresponding pixel. Although not mathematically accurate, one way to describe a blurred image is through averaging all the pixels that are within (less than or equal to) a certain Manhattan distance?from each pixel (including the pixel itself ). Here’s an example of how to calculate the blurring of a 3×3 image with a blurring distance of 1:
Given the blurred version of an image, we are interested in reconstructing the original version assuming that the image was blurred as explained above.
输入:
Input consists of several test cases. Each case is specified on H + 1 lines. The first line specifies three non negative integers specifying the width W, the height H of the blurred image and the blurring distance D respectively where (1<= W,H <= 10) and (D <= min(W/2,H/2)). The remaining H lines specify the gray-level of each pixel in the blurred image. Each line specifies W non-negative real numbers given up to the 2nd decimal place. The value of all the given real numbers will be less than 100.
Zero or more lines (made entirely of white spaces) may appear between cases. The last line of the input file consists of three zeros.
Zero or more lines (made entirely of white spaces) may appear between cases. The last line of the input file consists of three zeros.
输出:
Input consists of several test cases. Each case is specified on H + 1 lines. The first line specifies three non negative integers specifying the width W, the height H of the blurred image and the blurring distance D respectively where (1<= W,H <= 10) and (D <= min(W/2,H/2)). The remaining H lines specify the gray-level of each pixel in the blurred image. Each line specifies W non-negative real numbers given up to the 2nd decimal place. The value of all the given real numbers will be less than 100.
Zero or more lines (made entirely of white spaces) may appear between cases. The last line of the input file consists of three zeros.
Zero or more lines (made entirely of white spaces) may appear between cases. The last line of the input file consists of three zeros.
样例输入:
2 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 19 14 20 12 15 18 13 14 16 4 4 2 14 15 14 15 14 15 14 15 14 15 14 15 14 15 14 15 0 0 0
样例输出:
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 30.00 17.00 25.00 7.00 13.00 14.00 0.00 35.00 1.00 27.00 2.00 28.00 21.00 12.00 17.00 8.00 21.00 12.00 17.00 8.00 1.00 27.00 2.00 28.00HintThe Manhattan Distance (sometimes called the Taxicab distance) between two points is the sum of the (absolute) difference of their coordinates. The grid on the lower right illustrates the Manhattan distances from the grayed cell.
HDU 3359 http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=3359
高斯消元基础题 模板题吧
参考黑书上的代码写的
#include<stdio.h> #include<iostream> #include<string> #include<stdlib.h> #include<string.h> #include<math.h> using namespace std; typedef double Matrix[105][105]; int mht(int i,int j,int m,int n){ return abs(i-m)+abs(j-n); } void gauss(Matrix A ,int n){ int i,j,k,r; for(i = 0; i < n; i++){ r = i; for(j = i+1; j < n; j++){ if( fabs(A[j][i]) > fabs(A[r][i]) ) r = j; } if(r != i) for(j = 0; j <= n; j++) swap(A[r][j],A[i][j]); for(k = i+1; k < n; k++){ double f = A[k][i] / A[i][i]; for(j = i; j <= n; j++) A[k][j] -= f * A[i][j]; } /* for(j = n; j >= i; j--){ for(k = i+1; k < n; ++k) A[k][j] -= A[k][i]/A[i][i] * A[i][j]; } */ } for(i = n-1; i >= 0; --i ){ for(j = i+1; j < n; ++j) A[i][n] -= A[j][n] * A[i][j]; A[i][n] /= A[i][i]; } } int main(){ // freopen("in.txt","r",stdin); // freopen("out.txt","w",stdout); Matrix g; double map[12][12]; int pos[120][120]; int r,c,d; bool is_first=true; while(scanf("%d%d%d",&c,&r,&d),r||c||d){ if(!is_first) printf("\n"); is_first=false; int i,j; int cnt=0; for(i=0;i<r;i++){ for(j=0;j<c;j++){ pos[i][j]=cnt++; scanf("%lf",&map[i][j]); } } memset(g,0,sizeof(g)); int m,n; for(i=0;i<r;i++){ for(j=0;j<c;j++){ for(m=0;m<r;m++){ for(n=0;n<c;n++){ if( mht(i,j,m,n)<=d ){ g[ pos[i][j] ][ pos[m][n] ]=1; g[ pos[i][j] ][cnt] += map[i][j]; } } } } } gauss(g,cnt); for(i=0;i<cnt;i++){ printf("%8.2lf",g[i][cnt]); if( (i+1)%c == 0 ) putchar(10); } } return 0; }
参考：http://blog.csdn.net/u010724594/article/details/18262155
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吃粉笔末最好地方，也是帮老师擦黑板，提问问题的好地方呐！
为避免精度问题，PI值请使用arccos(-1)。应该是acos
跟书上的解法不一样，不知道哪个效率要高些
受益匪浅！！
很有意思，可惜我很菜啊
和编译器有关吧，我用的g++正常。头文件可能还需要一个<string.h>
这是往年的笔试题，非在线，主要考察基础，Java会在面试时问到
简洁的代码
题目需要求解的是最小值，而且没有考虑可能存在环，比如
0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 1
1 0 0 0 0
会陷入死循环
正解，我的方法占用的内存更多些
在方法1里面：
//遍历所有的边，计算入度
for(int i=0; i<V; i++)
{
degree = 0;
for (j = adj .begin(); j != adj .end(); ++j)
{
degree[*j]++;
}
}
为什么每遍历一条链表，要首先将每个链表头的顶点的入度置为0呢？
比如顶点5，若在顶点1、2、3、4的链表中出现过顶点5，那么要增加顶点5的入度，但是在遍历顶点5的链表时，又将顶点5的入度置为0了，那之前的从顶点1234到顶点5的边不是都没了吗？
不是有公式吗？何不直接计算
还是有些难度的！
还是有些难度的！
能不能说下这个是用的什么算法策略？


{% extends "base.html" %} {% load staticfiles %} {% load humanize %} {% block title %}
Please click here to add some products to your cart.
| Checkout |
|---|
| Please review your shopping cart before proceeding to payment. |
| Your total is: ₹{{ total | intcomma }} |


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}Getting started with the ONS Address Index API{% endblock %} {% block content %}
The ONS Address Index API lets you retrieve the official version of addresses in England and Wales. The data is currently updated on a 6 week rolling basis.
If you are already familiar with JSON RESTful APIs, then you can jump straight in with the quick start guide.
Otherwise, read on for a quick tour of the essentials.
To be able to explore and perform tests with the Address Index API, you need to request access [instructions here]
REST, or Representational State Transfer, is an architectural software style in which standard HTTP requests are used to provide a simple and consistent approach to requesting and modifying data.
In a RESTful style of API, data resources are allocated unique URLs and manipulated through standard HTTP verbs such as GET
to request a resource, POST
to create a resource, PUT
to change a resource, and DELETE
to remove a resource.
JSON, or JavaScript Object Notation, is an open, standard format for storing and exchanging data. It is easier to use than XML, is more compact, and can be used as a data format by any programming language. This makes it ideal for HTTP-based API services.
Further information can be found at json.org.
Access to all API services requires authentication. The Authorisation page describes the authorisation mechanism used by the Address Index API.
Each available Address Index API endpoint is listed on the Explore the API page. Each endpoint has its own reference page contains an embedded "explorer" that allows the reader to try out the service in-situ, without having to write any client code at all.
There are some simple developer guidelines you can follow to help you achieve success with the Address Index API.
Code samples in R and Python are provided to get you started using the API.
Some working demos are also provided.
{% endblock %}


It is my absolute priority to get all babies and children to safety in the case of a fire, while they are in my care as quickly and as safely as possible.
I have in place two smoke detectors, one in the kitchen and one in the hallway, which I check regularly.
In the kitchen above the hob I have in place at all times a fire blanket, which would be replaced if ever used.
Behind the kitchen door I have a small fire extinguisher which I will only use in an emergency.
If there is a fire:
- First I will get the babies and children to a place of safety as quickly and safely as possible.
- I will have a meeting point outside of the concierge desk of New river village.
- I will ring 999 for the fire brigade.
- I will reassure all babies and children in my care.
- Ring and inform all parents.


Builds interaction Model in Amazon Alexa 1.0 format
Methods
Included Modules
- Concord
Instance Public methods
custom_intent_types()
Link
Returns unique intent types that have slots. Amazon types cannot have
slots.
Note: This will not include a custom type without a custom slot
Source: show
# File app/speech_assets/interim_model_builder.rb, line 15 def custom_intent_types intents.select { |_name, intent| intent.slots.size.positive? } .uniq { |key, _value| key } end
model()
Link
Model generated in Alexa 1.0 format using Alexa Generator gem
Source: show
# File app/speech_assets/interim_model_builder.rb, line 9 def model @model ||= build_model end
Instance Protected methods
add_intents_to_model(modl, klass, intents)
Link
Called by build model to add all intents to interaction model
Source: show
# File app/speech_assets/interim_model_builder.rb, line 23 def add_intents_to_model(modl, klass, intents) intents.each do |key, value| intent = klass.new(modl, key, value) intent.add end end
build_model()
Link
Add Custom Intents and Amazon Intents and build Alexa 1.0 interaction format
Source: show
# File app/speech_assets/interim_model_builder.rb, line 31 def build_model @model = builder_class.build do |modl| add_intents_to_model(modl, CustomIntent, @custom_intents) add_intents_to_model(modl, AmazonIntent, @amazon_intents) end end


THE HUNCHBACK OF NOTRE DAME A film review by Michael John Legeros Copyright 1996 Michael John Legeros
(BV) Directed by Gary Trousdale and Kirk Wise Written by Tab Murphy, Irene Mecchi, Bob Tzudiker, Nomi White, Jonathan Roberts Cast The voices of Tom Hulce, Demi Moore, Kevin Kline, Tony Jay, Jason Alexander, Charles Kimbrough, Mary Wickes MPAA Rating "G" Running Time 95 minutes Reviewed at General Cinemas at Pleasant Valley, Raleigh, NC (21JUN96)
==
Nobody lays it on quite as thick as Walt Disney. Their newest seasonal juggernaut, an animated operetta based on the Victor Hugo classic, is just as big, bright, and beautiful as the marketing and merchandising assault would lead us to believe. Heck, we *already* know most of what we're getting. Having purchased our limited-edition copies of THE LITTLE MERMAID, BEAUTY AND THE BEAST, ALADDIN, THE LION KING, and POCAHANTAS, we're pumped and primed for the schmaltzy ballads, anthropomorphic critters, adult in-jokes, and, of course, an everybody- cries ending. Throw in the strange sight of a singing hunchback, some more of that nifty computer- aided artwork, and a trio of finger- snapping, wise-cracking gargoyles (led by the voice of "Seinfeld's" Jason Alexander) and, viola, Disney's done it again... except, this time, with a twist.
Under the direction of Gary Trousdale and Kirk Wise (both from BEAUTY AND THE BEAST), the animators have broken the mold in many places. This is a very Gothic movie that festers with surprisingly dark and sinister deeds. In the first ten minutes, alone, we witness both a murder and attempted infanticide! (You may want to keep the three- and four-year olds away from this one.) There are plenty of other adult references, some serious and some side-splitting. It's all a well- deserved form of compensation for us grown ups; a reward, if you will, for having to endure all the trailers, the tie-ins, and those dreadful cardboard figures in the lobby.
Yeah, the commercialism *is* crass. (And, perhaps, in the case of most major studios, entirely co-dependent to the creative process.) However, I challenge anyone to name another movie this season (or year?) that shows as much inspiration as perspiration. No child, for example, is likely to understand the agonies of the villainous Frolio, the repressed Parisian judge who is tormented by his desire for the feisty gypsy girl Esmeralda (voiced and modeled after Demi Moore). But just as they laughed at pink elephants on parade and without knowing a thing about inebriation, so can children marvel at the demons that erupt from Frolio's fireplace as he imagines the Hell that awaits his condemned soul.
Grade: A
--
Mike Legeros - Raleigh, NC
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>(h) -<EMAIL_ADDRESS>(w)
Visit me in MOVIE HELL
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


What would you do if you weren't afraid?
Like all good stories, it started with a LinkedIn recruiter email. Except that this one was slightly different. It felt somewhat more personal and referenced some professional details that were not listed directly in my LinkedIn profile. Also, it was coming from Facebook...
A more generic builder pattern for Objective-C
A few weeks ago I came across this blog post about a builder pattern for Objective-C. It was one of our interns who pointed me to the article and asked if I considered this to be a good idea. At first I dismissed it altogether...
Asynchronous image loading in fast scrolling table cells
In the UIImageView+AFNetworking implementation, certain decisions are made to optimize for loading images currently on screen, which is done by cancelling previous requests for offscreen views. This behavior can interfere with cell reuse behavior, which may result in images not being loaded correctly...
How to install an App Store build on your device
As you get close to submitting your app to the App Store, you really want your test builds to be as close as possible to the submitted binary. This is why we typically use Ad Hoc builds for our final test sessions, even when using enterprise distribution for earlier builds. But even with Ad Hoc builds, you still end up submitting a different binary, an App Store build that has never been installed on a real device...
Reusing views in storyboards with Auto Layout
The first time you try to set up constraints for a non-trivial view hierarchy can be a frustrating experience, and your productivity will probably take a hit when you start working with storyboards, but you end up with some valuable new tools in your belt and a much better understanding of UIKit, if nothing else...
First impressions of ReactiveCocoa
I had been looking forward to learn more about this framework ever since I first heard about it. The talk was inspiring, and I bought the book the next day, but now we are two weeks later and I'm still not sure what to really think of it...
And so it begins...
I'll admit it, I have never been much of a web developer. Sure, I once built a website, somewhere around the start of the century. It included a guestbook, a visitor counter and a LED ticker display. It was hosted on a free .tk domain. You get the idea...


Along came Marie Coulomb, summing up what he had learned from YYY about ZZZ, and bringing a new quantiity charge inro our picture.
He abstracted a law describing the force (of attraction) between two charged particles at distance r apart.
Fk = Ke* q*Q / r^2
| Symbol | Description | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Fk | force between particles | MS / T2 |
| Ke | Coulomb constant | MS3/ T2Q2 |
| q,Q | Charge on each particle | Q |
| r | distance between particles | S |


Berlin Zoo shares intimate footage of panda twins
Just three months old, the zoo says the pandas are thriving.
Berlin Zoo has released intimate footage of its three-month-old panda cubs.
The twins became the first pandas to be born in Germany on August 31 and the zoo says they are thriving.
The two cubs were born to mother Meng Meng and father Jiao Qing following a gestation period of 147 days, doubling Germany’s panda population in one fell swoop.
The two cubs were born weighing just 186 and 136 grams, and are being raised by their mother.


Building Energy Benchmarking
This visualization tool provides building-level energy performance data for the {{ ::yearsString }} calendar years for Philadelphia’s largest commercial and multifamily buildings, including {{ ::info.reporting_properties }} buildings required to report annual energy and water usage as part of Philadelphia’s energy benchmarking law. You can learn more about energy benchmarking at {{ ::getPrettyUrl(info.benchmarking_url) }}.
Building energy performance is a critical metric for cities dedicated to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In Philadelphia, {{ ::info.greenhouse_gas_emissions }} of citywide greenhouse gas emissions stem from building energy use. As part of Greenworks: A Vision for a Sustainable Philadelphia, Philadelphia's sustainability framework, Mayor {{ ::info.mayor_name }} set a goal of {{ ::info.sustainability_plan_goal }}. Improving building performance will help Philadelphia reach that goal, and benchmarking provides building owners with the information they need to begin making informed decisions about upgrading and investing in energy efficiency (see this page for existing resources to invest in your facility).
This tool was developed for the Office of Sustainability (OOS) by Azavea Inc. Questions about the tool, the data, or the energy benchmarking program can be directed to OOS at {{ ::info.contact_email }}.


{% include meta.html %}
Kate Dee
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{{ content }}
{% include analytics.html %} {% include js.html %}


Divine
Experience
Experience
"Fashion is what you're offered four times a year by designers. And style is what you choose."
—Lauren Hutton
—Lauren Hutton
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THE WORLD IS MY RUNWAY
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Placeat amet nobis illum pariatur et similique itaque, dicta, minima hic saepe deleniti cupiditate laudantium, accusantium voluptatum? Sit vitae obcaecati necessitatibus veniam?
TRENDING


WebPurify API for Node.js
This module allows simple interaction with the WebPurify API within Node.js. For more information about WebPurify and the services it offers, check out http://webpurify.com/.
Commands
Filters
Blacklist
Whitelist
Image Moderation
Install & Initialize
npm install webpurify
To initialize:
// ES6
import WebPurify from 'webpurify';
// Otherwise
const WebPurify = require('webpurify');
const wp = new WebPurify({
api_key: ENV['WEBPURIFY_API_KEY']
//, endpoint: 'us' // Optional, available choices: 'eu', 'ap'. Default: 'us'.
//, enterprise: false // Optional, set to true if you are using the enterprise API, allows SSL
});
Commands
check
Check a string of text for profanity. Returns true if profanity found, false if none.
wp.check('some profane text')
.then(profanity => {
if (profanity) {
console.log('A bunch of sailors in here!');
} else {
console.log('This is a pure string');
}
});
checkCount
Check a string of text for profanity. Returns number of words if profanity found, 0 if none.
wp.checkCount('some profane text')
.then(profanity => {
if (profanity > 0) {
console.log(profanity.toString() + ' sailors in here!');
} else {
console.log('This is a pure string');
}
});
replace
Check a string of text for profanity. Replaces any found profanity with a provided symbol, and returns the formatted string.
wp.replace('some profane text', '*')
.then(purifiedText => {
console.log(purifiedText);
});
return
Check a string of text for profanity. If any found, returns an array of profane words. Else, returns empty array.
wp.return('some profane text')
.then(profanity => {
for (word in profanity) {
console.log(profanity[word]);
}
});
Options
All filter commands can take an additional options object, just before the callback. The available options are:
var optional = {
lang: 'en', // the 2 letter language code for the text you are submitting
semail: 1, // treat email addresses like profanity
sphone: 1, // treat phone numbers like profanity
slink: 1 // treat urls like profanity
};
wp.check('some profane text', optional)
.then(profanity => {
console.log(profanity);
});
addToBlacklist
Add a word to the blacklist.
wp.addToBlacklist('my_word')
.then(success => {
if (success) { console.log('success!'); }
});
Can also be called without callback:
wp.addToBlacklist('my_word');
For Deep search, add optional parameter 1 after word:
wp.addToBlacklist('my_word', 1);
removeFromBlacklist
Remove a word from the blacklist.
wp.removeFromBlacklist('my_word')
.then(success => {
if (success) { console.log('success!'); }
});
Can also be called without callback:
wp.removeFromBlacklist('my_word');
getBlacklist
Get the blacklist as an array of words.
wp.getBlacklist()
.then(blacklist => {
for (word in blacklist) {
console.log(blacklist[word]);
}
});
addToWhitelist
Add a word to the whitelist.
wp.addToWhitelist('my_word')
.then(success => {
if (success) { console.log('success!'); }
});
Can also be called without callback:
wp.addToWhitelist('my_word');
removeFromWhitelist
Remove a word from the whitelist.
wp.removeFromWhitelist('my_word')
.then(success => {
if (success) { console.log('success!'); }
});
Can also be called without callback:
wp.removeFromWhitelist('my_word');
getWhitelist
Get the whitelist as an array of words.
wp.getWhitelist()
.then(whitelist => {
for (word in whitelist) {
console.log(whitelist[word]);
}
});
Image Moderation
imgCheck
Use this method to submit an image to the moderation service. It will return an image ID that is used to return the results of the moderation to a callback function.
wp.imgCheck('http://imageURL...')
.then((imgid) => {
// this imgid could be used to check the status later
});
imgStatus
Returns the moderation status of an image. Possible results can be: pending, approved, declined.
wp.imgStatus('imgid')
.then((status) => {
// this is the status of your moderation
});
imgAccount
Check the number of image submissions remaining on your license.
wp.imgAccount()
.then((remaining) => {
// this is how many subscriptions you have to use
});
aimImgCheck
Use this method to submit an image to the WebPurify Automated Intelligent Moderation (AIM) Service. A percentage probability that the submitted image contains nudity will be returned in real-time.
wp.aimImgCheck('http://imageURL...')
.then((nudity) => {
if (nudity > 95) {
console.log('there\'s probably some nudity going on');
}
});
aimImgAccount
Check the number of AIM image submissions remaining on your license.
wp.aimImgAccount()
.then((remaining) => {
// this is how many subscriptions you have to use
});
hybridImgCheck
Combine our Automated Intelligent Moderation system (AIM) and our Live moderators to create a powerful low cost solution.
Images submitted to this method, are first sent to AIM and then sent to our live moderation team based on thresholds you set.
I.E any image that is given a 50% or greater probability by AIM can then be sent to our human moderation team for further review.
wp.hybridImgCheck('http://imageURL...')
.then((nudity) => {
if (nudity > 55) {
console.log('Maybe there\'s nudity');
// use the customimgid parameter to poll for the live check
}
});


第二个讲师
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book.


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Andrés Piñeiro
A traveller for over 10 years, fully sponsored by companies willing to pay for his dreams to come true!
 Focusing on remote networking.
Mentoring on
Making Remote Work a Reality When You Don't Work in Tech
Robert O'Kruk
Passionate social entrepreneur and co-founder of the Digital Nomads Forum who specializes in helping people excel on Upwork
Mentoring on
How to Earn 3x as Much on Upwork & Get Hired 50% More Often
Mandy Kennedy
Circumnavigating the globe as a nomad and e-Commerce Consultant. Has a huge toolbox of checklists and resources ready to share with you.
Mentoring on
Land with Ease - How to Hit the Ground Running When Landing in Your First Nomad Location
Deines Rojas
An adventurer, traveler and journalist who found her balance outside of the cubicles while traveling and working as a freelancer
Mentoring on
Live, Work, Love Your Life and Repeat. Find Balance Working While Exploring the World
Rebecca Rosenberg
Digital nomad since Jan. 2017. Challenge-seeker since birth. Intrepid solo-traveller with experience in Asia, Europe, North & South America.
Mentoring on
How to Work from Anywhere and Live the Location Independent Dream
Bernadine Graham
Helps entrepreneurs & small businesses create strong foundations in their business that improve productivity, profitability and growth
Mentoring on
Untangle Your Remote Life by Embracing Productivity, Profitability and Growth
Akpene Torku
Coach helping individuals and small businesses realize their purpose and operate at their optimal potential to succeed
Mentoring on
Fluid Practicality - Managing Resources to Optimize Work and Enjoy Your Independent Lifestyle
Janice Chaka
The Career Introvert who coaches other introverts at any stage their career to be successful while honouring their introversion
Mentoring on
How to Network Successfully as an Introvert and Gain Clients
Tanmay Khandelwal
Freelance iOS Developer - 5 years of experience. I've worked with clients from US, Europe, Australia, made 20+ apps & reached 20mn users.
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Why signing legal contracts before you start a project is a must
Nuno Veloso
Web craftsman at MarzeeLabs and lead at Porto, soaking up different cultures and languages while helping remote workers optimise their lives
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How to Ace Living a Location Independent Lifestyle by Optimising Your Work
Marjolaine Savoie
Yogi, mindfulness coach, entrepreneur & pop-singer, building the life of her dream abroad and spreading joy to elevate others.
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Helping You Build Self-awareness and Confidence to Lead a Purposeful and Mindful Life
Summer Weirich
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Alex Edwards
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Ally Bishop
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Remote Worker Achievement Unlocked—How to Slay the Fears and Navigate the Emotional Dungeons of Working Remotely
Jenny Shen
Independent UX/Product Designer at Toptal, specializing in travel and localization. Public speaker, mentor and consultant. Nomad since 2013.
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Class: Aws::Inspector::Types::FindingFilter
| Relationships & Source Files | |
| Super Chains via Extension / Inclusion / Inheritance | |
|
Class Chain:
self,
Struct
|
|
|
Instance Chain:
self,
::Aws::Structure ,
Struct
|
|
| Inherits: |
Struct
|
| Defined in: | gems/aws-sdk-inspector/lib/aws-sdk-inspector/types.rb |
Overview
This data type is used as a request parameter in the ListFindings action.
Constant Summary
Instance Attribute Summary
-
#agent_ids ⇒ Array<String>
rw
For a record to match a filter, one of the values that is specified for this data type property must be the exact match of the value of the agentId property of the
Finding
data type. -
#attributes ⇒ Array<Types::Attribute>
rw
For a record to match a filter, the list of values that are specified for this data type property must be contained in the list of values of the attributes property of the
Finding
data type. -
#auto_scaling_groups ⇒ Array<String>
rw
For a record to match a filter, one of the values that is specified for this data type property must be the exact match of the value of the autoScalingGroup property of the
Finding
data type. -
#creation_time_range ⇒ Types::TimestampRange
rw
The time range during which the finding is generated.
-
#rule_names ⇒ Array<String>
rw
For a record to match a filter, one of the values that is specified for this data type property must be the exact match of the value of the ruleName property of the
Finding
data type. -
#rules_package_arns ⇒ Array<String>
rw
For a record to match a filter, one of the values that is specified for this data type property must be the exact match of the value of the rulesPackageArn property of the
Finding
data type. -
#severities ⇒ Array<String>
rw
For a record to match a filter, one of the values that is specified for this data type property must be the exact match of the value of the severity property of the
Finding
data type. -
#user_attributes ⇒ Array<Types::Attribute>
rw
For a record to match a filter, the value that is specified for this data type property must be contained in the list of values of the userAttributes property of the
Finding
data type.
Instance Method Summary
::Aws::Structure
- Included
| #to_hash | Alias for Structure#to_h. |
Instance Attribute Details
#agent_ids ⇒ Array
<String
> (rw)
For a record to match a filter, one of the values that is specified
for this data type property must be the exact match of the value of
the agentId property of the Finding
data type.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-inspector/lib/aws-sdk-inspector/types.rb', line 1433
class FindingFilter < Struct.new( :agent_ids, :auto_scaling_groups, :rule_names, :severities, :rules_package_arns, :attributes, :user_attributes, :creation_time_range) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#attributes ⇒ Array
<Types::Attribute> (rw)
For a record to match a filter, the list of values that are
specified for this data type property must be contained in the list
of values of the attributes property of the Finding
data type.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-inspector/lib/aws-sdk-inspector/types.rb', line 1433
class FindingFilter < Struct.new( :agent_ids, :auto_scaling_groups, :rule_names, :severities, :rules_package_arns, :attributes, :user_attributes, :creation_time_range) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#auto_scaling_groups ⇒ Array
<String
> (rw)
For a record to match a filter, one of the values that is specified
for this data type property must be the exact match of the value of
the autoScalingGroup property of the Finding
data type.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-inspector/lib/aws-sdk-inspector/types.rb', line 1433
class FindingFilter < Struct.new( :agent_ids, :auto_scaling_groups, :rule_names, :severities, :rules_package_arns, :attributes, :user_attributes, :creation_time_range) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#creation_time_range ⇒ Types::TimestampRange (rw)
The time range during which the finding is generated.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-inspector/lib/aws-sdk-inspector/types.rb', line 1433
class FindingFilter < Struct.new( :agent_ids, :auto_scaling_groups, :rule_names, :severities, :rules_package_arns, :attributes, :user_attributes, :creation_time_range) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#rule_names ⇒ Array
<String
> (rw)
For a record to match a filter, one of the values that is specified
for this data type property must be the exact match of the value of
the ruleName property of the Finding
data type.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-inspector/lib/aws-sdk-inspector/types.rb', line 1433
class FindingFilter < Struct.new( :agent_ids, :auto_scaling_groups, :rule_names, :severities, :rules_package_arns, :attributes, :user_attributes, :creation_time_range) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#rules_package_arns ⇒ Array
<String
> (rw)
For a record to match a filter, one of the values that is specified
for this data type property must be the exact match of the value of
the rulesPackageArn property of the Finding
data type.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-inspector/lib/aws-sdk-inspector/types.rb', line 1433
class FindingFilter < Struct.new( :agent_ids, :auto_scaling_groups, :rule_names, :severities, :rules_package_arns, :attributes, :user_attributes, :creation_time_range) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#severities ⇒ Array
<String
> (rw)
For a record to match a filter, one of the values that is specified
for this data type property must be the exact match of the value of
the severity property of the Finding
data type.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-inspector/lib/aws-sdk-inspector/types.rb', line 1433
class FindingFilter < Struct.new( :agent_ids, :auto_scaling_groups, :rule_names, :severities, :rules_package_arns, :attributes, :user_attributes, :creation_time_range) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end
#user_attributes ⇒ Array
<Types::Attribute> (rw)
For a record to match a filter, the value that is specified for this
data type property must be contained in the list of values of the
userAttributes property of the Finding
data type.
# File 'gems/aws-sdk-inspector/lib/aws-sdk-inspector/types.rb', line 1433
class FindingFilter < Struct.new( :agent_ids, :auto_scaling_groups, :rule_names, :severities, :rules_package_arns, :attributes, :user_attributes, :creation_time_range) SENSITIVE = [] include Aws::Structure end


TBD
TBD
The various RxGroovy implementations of Start are found in the
optional rxjava-async
module.
The rxjava-async
module also includes the runAsync
operator. It is
peculiar in that it creates a specialization of an Observable called a
StoppableObservable
.
Pass runAsync
an Action
and a
Scheduler
, and it will
return a StoppableObservable
that uses the specified Action
to
generate items that it emits. The Action
accepts an Observer
and a
Subscription
. It uses the Subscription
to check for the
unsubscribed
condition, upon which it will stop emitting items. You can also
manually stop a StoppableObservable
at any time by calling its
unsubscribe
method (which will also unsubscribe the Subscription
you
have associated with the StoppableObservable
).
Because runAsync
immediately invokes the Action
and begins emitting
the items (that is, it produces a hot Observable), it is possible that some items may
be lost in the interval between when you establish the StoppableObservable
with
this operator and when your Observer
is ready to receive items. If this is a
problem, you can use the variant of runAsync
that also accepts a
Subject
and pass a ReplaySubject
with which you can retrieve the
otherwise-missing items.
In RxGroovy there is also a version of the
From operator that converts a
Future
into an Observable, and in this way resembles the
Start operator.
The various RxJava implementations of Start are found in the
optional rxjava-async
module.
The rxjava-async
module also includes the runAsync
operator. It is
peculiar in that it creates a specialization of an Observable called a
StoppableObservable
.
Pass runAsync
an Action
and a
Scheduler
, and it will
return a StoppableObservable
that uses the specified Action
to
generate items that it emits. The Action
accepts an Observer
and a
Subscription
. It uses the Subscription
to check for the
unsubscribed
condition, upon which it will stop emitting items. You can also
manually stop a StoppableObservable
at any time by calling its
unsubscribe
method (which will also unsubscribe the Subscription
you
have associated with the StoppableObservable
).
Because runAsync
immediately invokes the Action
and begins emitting
the items (that is, it produces a hot Observable), it is possible that some items may
be lost in the interval between when you establish the StoppableObservable
with
this operator and when your Observer
is ready to receive items. If this is a
problem, you can use the variant of runAsync
that also accepts a
Subject
and pass a ReplaySubject
with which you can retrieve the
otherwise-missing items.
In RxJava there is also a version of the
From operator that converts a
Future
into an Observable, and in this way resembles the
Start operator.
TBD
TBD


Test Results date_placeholder
Success: success_count_placeholder/total_count_placeholder
(success_percent_placeholder%)
Ignored: ignored_count_placeholder/total_count_placeholder
(ignored_percent_placeholder%)
Failure: failure_count_placeholder/total_count_placeholder
(failure_percent_placeholder%)
Details
details_placeholder


Hello! my name is Mukankurunziza Opportunee and am Rwandan , i have passion in software developmentI have alot of skills on designing application by usingthe following languages: HTML,CSS,Javascript,python,Falask and Django


NetMan
9+
Action
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Action
Another action
Something else here
Settings
Activity Log
Login
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Last name
Email address
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I am from Uttrakhand. Pursuing Digital Marketing and Data Analytics One year full time certicifation course from World Class Skill Centre, Dwarka.I have completed my 12th from Navyug School Sarojini Nagar CBSE board I like to play badminton
I have created this bird flying effect in photoshop using multiple layer features
I have made this using Microsoft Publisher
I have created this Gold Effect effect in photoshop using multiple layer features and added sparkle features
I have created this Glitch Effect in photoshop using noise features
I have created this rain flying effect in photoshop using multiple layer features
I have created this Ecommerce online store on freewebstore.
Pursuing
2nd year
Apart from studies I like to play badminton.
I like to browse social media and websites to know about the latest trends


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I am currently a graduate student at Rockefeller University, in the lab of Nathaniel Heintz. I am using genomic tools to tease apart the cytosine methylation and hydroxymethylation dynamics in the developing cerebellum.
GPA: 3.8
Organizing lectures and career development seminars for graduate students at Rockefeller University, Weil Cornell Graduate School and Sloan Kettering Institute
Mentored a rotation student and 2 summer students
Lead an monthly interdisciplinary literature review
Piccolo, F. M., Liu, Z., Dong, P., Hsu, C.-L., Stoyanova, E. I., Rao, A., Tjian, R., Heintz, N. (2019). MeCP2 nuclear dynamics in live neurons results from low and high affinity chromatin interactions . eLife, 8:e51449 DOI: 10.7554/eLife.51449
Xu, X., Stoyanova, E. I., Lemiesz, A. E., Xing, J., Mash, D. C., Heintz, N. (2018). Species and cell-type properties of classically defined human and rodent neurons and glia . eLife, 7. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.37551
After graduation I am hoping to transition into tech/biotech/healthcare and continue enriching my computational skills
In my free time I enjoy yoga, bouldering, cooking and movies


48
Judgment on Moab
1 Concerning Moab. Thus says the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel:
“Woe to Nebo, for it is laid waste!
Kiriathaim is put to shame, it is taken;
the fortress is put to shame and broken down;
2 the renown of Moab is no more.

 A cry from Horonaim,
‘Desolation and great destruction!’
4 Moab is destroyed;
her little ones have made a cry.
5 For at the ascent of Luhith
they go up weeping;
for at the descent of Horonaim
they have heard the distressed cry of destruction.
6 Flee! Save yourselves!
You will be like a juniper in the desert!
7 For, because you trusted in your works and your treasures,
you also shall be taken;
and Chemosh shall go into exile
with his priests and his officials.
8 The destroyer shall come upon every city,
and no city shall escape;
the valley shall perish,
and the plain shall be destroyed,
as the LORD has spoken.
9 “Give wings to Moab,
for she would fly away;
her cities shall become a desolation,
with no inhabitant in them.
10 “Cursed is he who does the work of the LORD with slackness, and cursed is he who keeps back his sword from bloodshed.
11 “Moab has been at ease from his youth
and has settled on his dregs;
he has not been emptied from vessel to vessel,
nor has he gone into exile;
so his taste remains in him,
and his scent is not changed.
12 “Therefore, behold, the days are coming, declares the LORD, when I shall send to him pourers who will pour him, and empty his vessels and break his jars in pieces.
13 Then Moab shall be ashamed of Chemosh, as the house of Israel was ashamed of Bethel, their confidence.
14 “How do you say, ‘We are heroes
and mighty men of war’?
15 The destroyer of Moab and his cities has come up,
and the choicest of his young men have gone down to slaughter,
declares the King, whose name is the LORD of hosts.
16 The calamity of Moab is near at hand,
and his affliction hastens swiftly.
17 Grieve for him, all you who are around him,
and all who know his name;
say, ‘How the mighty scepter is broken,
the glorious staff.’
18 “Come down from your glory,
and sit on the parched ground,
O inhabitant of Dibon!
For the destroyer of Moab has come up against you;
he has destroyed your strongholds.
19 Stand by the way and watch,
O inhabitant of Aroer!
Ask him who flees and her who escapes;
say, ‘What has happened?’
20 Moab is put to shame, for it is broken;
wail and cry!
Tell it beside the Arnon,
that Moab is laid waste.
21 “Judgment has come upon the tableland, upon Holon, and Jahzah, and Mephaath,
22 and Dibon, and Nebo, and Beth-diblathaim,
23 and Kiriathaim, and Beth-gamul, and Beth-meon,
24 and Kerioth, and Bozrah, and all the cities of the land of Moab, far and near.
25 The horn of Moab is cut off, and his arm is broken, declares the LORD.
26 “Make him drunk, because he magnified himself against the LORD, so that Moab shall wallow in his vomit, and he too shall be held in derision.
27 Was not Israel a derision to you? Was he found among thieves, that whenever you spoke of him you wagged your head?
28 “Leave the cities, and dwell in the rock,
O inhabitants of Moab!
Be like the dove that nests
in the sides of the mouth of a gorge.
29 We have heard of the pride of Moab—
he is very proud—
of his loftiness, his pride, and his arrogance,
and the haughtiness of his heart.
30 I know his insolence, declares the LORD;
his boasts are false,
his deeds are false.
31 Therefore I wail for Moab;
I cry out for all Moab;
for the men of Kir-hareseth I mourn.
32 More than for Jazer I weep for you,
O vine of Sibmah!
Your branches passed over the sea,
reached to the Sea of Jazer;
on your summer fruits and your grapes
the destroyer has fallen.
33 Gladness and joy have been taken away
from the fruitful land of Moab;
I have made the wine cease from the winepresses;
no one treads them with shouts of joy;
the shouting is not the shout of joy.
34 “From the outcry at Heshbon even to Elealeh, as far as Jahaz they utter their voice, from Zoar to Horonaim and Eglath-shelishiyah. For the waters of Nimrim also have become desolate.
35 And I will bring to an end in Moab, declares the LORD, him who offers sacrifice in the high place and makes offerings to his god.
36 Therefore my heart moans for Moab like a flute, and my heart moans like a flute for the men of Kir-hareseth.  On all the hands are gashes, and around the waist is sackcloth.
38 On all the housetops of Moab and in the squares there is nothing but lamentation, for I have broken Moab like a vessel for which no one cares, declares the LORD.
39 How it is broken! How they wail! How Moab has turned his back in shame! So Moab has become a derision and a horror to all that are around him.”
40 For thus says the LORD:
“Behold, one shall fly swiftly like an eagle
and spread his wings against Moab;
41 the cities shall be taken
and the strongholds seized.
The heart of the warriors of Moab shall be in that day
like the heart of a woman in her birth pains;
42 Moab shall be destroyed and be no longer a people,
because he magnified himself against the LORD.
43 Terror, pit, and snare
are before you, O inhabitant of Moab!
declares the LORD.
44 He who flees from the terror
shall fall into the pit,
and he who climbs out of the pit
shall be caught in the snare.

The people of Chemosh are undone,
for your sons have been taken captive,
and your daughters into captivity.
47 Yet I will restore the fortunes of Moab
in the latter days, declares the LORD.”
Thus far is the judgment on Moab.


| Interfaces |
| XAdapter |
This is the server-side interface to a weak adapter.
|
| XAggregation |
[ DEPRECATED ]
Objects which implement this interface can become aggregates of
a delegator.
|
| XComponentContext |
Component context to be passed to a component via
::com::sun::star::lang::XSingleComponentFactory.
Arbitrary values (e.g. deployment values) can be retrieved from the context.
|
| XCurrentContext |
Task (e.g. thread) local execution context for UNO.
Arbitrary values can be retrieved from the context.
|
| XInterface |
base interface of all UNO interfaces
|
| XNamingService |
allows to insert, remove and access named objects.
|
| XReference |
must be implemented by anyone who holds the adapter on the client side. |
| XUnloadingPreference |
Components can implement XUnloadingPreference in order to indicate
how they should be treated when their hosting library is to be unloaded.
When someone calls rtl_unloadUnusedModules then the unloading
listeners are notified by calling previously registered callback
functions. A listener is an entity that employs, registers, and
unregisters the callback functions on its behalf. Upon notification
(the callback function is being called)
a listener may release references to UNO components. Thus, the
loaded libraries can be unloaded, if no one else keeps any
objects from the library alive.
Before a listener releases references, it should ask for this interface.
If the interface is not implemented, then the listener may release the
object; otherwise, it calls releaseOnNotification . If the function
returns false then the listener should keep the reference, otherwise
it may release it.
|
| XWeak |
the server-side interface to a weak object.
|
Copyright © 2013, The Apache Software Foundation, Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. Apache, the Apache feather logo, Apache OpenOffice and OpenOffice.org are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.


Outside of Epicodus, I enjoy playing basketball. I started playing my freshman year of highschool and have been playing ever since. I played intramural basketball all four years of college, and I have been playing in a Portland mens league since then(minus a few weeks of injury).
Above is a picture from the last game of our most recent season.
Traveling is something that really intersts me. Before I started Epicodus, I spent a few months traveling around Australia, New Zealand, Chile and Peru. A picture from my recent trip to Peru is below.
My top 5 places I have traveled to are:
My skills include, but are not limited to:


Class Transaction.Builder
Builds a new Transaction object.
Inheritance
Inherited Members
Namespace: stellar_dotnetcore_sdk
Assembly: cs.temp.dll.dll
Syntax
public class Builder
Constructors
Builder(ITransactionBuilderAccount)
Construct a new transaction builder.
Declaration
public Builder(ITransactionBuilderAccount sourceAccount)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ITransactionBuilderAccount | sourceAccount | The source account for this transaction. This account is the account who will use a sequence number. When build() is called, the account object's sequence number will be incremented. |
Properties
OperationsCount
Declaration
public int OperationsCount { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Int32 |
Methods
AddMemo(Memo)
Adds a memo to this transaction. See: https://www.stellar.org/developers/learn/concepts/transactions.html
Declaration
public Transaction.Builder AddMemo(Memo memo)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Memo | memo | Memo |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Transaction.Builder | Builder object so you can chain methods. |
AddOperation(Operation)
Adds a new operation to this transaction. See: https://www.stellar.org/developers/learn/concepts/list-of-operations.html
Declaration
public Transaction.Builder AddOperation(Operation operation)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Operation | operation | operation |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Transaction.Builder | Builder object so you can chain methods. |
AddTimeBounds(TimeBounds)
Adds a time-bounds to this transaction. See: https://www.stellar.org/developers/learn/concepts/transactions.html
Declaration
public Transaction.Builder AddTimeBounds(TimeBounds timeBounds)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| TimeBounds | timeBounds | timeBounds |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Transaction.Builder | Builder object so you can chain methods. |
Build()
Builds a transaction. It will increment sequence number of the source account.
Declaration
public Transaction Build()
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Transaction |


Happy World Vegan Month!
by Herb WeisbaumDo you find yourself eating less meat and more plant-based foods than you did a few years ago?
If so, you're not alone. Retail sales of plant-based foods in the U.S. are up 11 percent in the past year.
A vegan diet – with no animal products, including no eggs or dairy products – is also growing in popularity.
"With that transition and going completely plant-based, you have less of an intake of saturated fat, you have a lot of fruits, you have a lot of vegetables, whole grains, legumes, soy products, nuts, seeds, all of those are rich fiber and phytochemicals,” said Amy Kimberlain, a spokesperson for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
A vegan diet can help lower your cholesterol level, improve blood sugar and reduce the risk of some forms of cancer.
Because they don’t eat any meat, fish, poultry, eggs or cheese, vegans need to make sure they’re fulfilling their nutritional needs.
"Certain key nutrients that you would want to pay attention to when going vegan would be overall protein intake, iron, calcium, vitamin D, vitamin B-12, zinc and omega 3s,” Kimberlain explained. “When planned properly and consumed throughout the day, you're able to receive enough, but it takes careful planning."
Want to get started on a plant-based diet? Visit: 7 Lives 7 Days Challenge
More Info:
The Vegan Diet — A Complete Guide for Beginners


Independent report
Apprenticeships: improving access for people with learning disabilities
The Paul Maynard taskforce's recommendations on improving accessibility of apprenticeships for people with learning disabilities.
Details
In May 2016, the government asked Paul Maynard MP to chair a taskforce to explore how to help more people with learning disabilities access apprenticeships.
These documents set out the taskforce’s recommendations and the government’s response to the recommendations.


Svaunit base class for tests and test suites
SVAUnit base virtual sequence
SVA details class - it contains SVA start time, SVA end time, the states and the test where the SVA was tested
SVA info class - it contains the SVA name, the SVA path, the SVA type if SVA was enabled during test, if it was tested, a list of details and coverage counters
Immediate assertion details class - it contains the name, the tested time and the status
Immediate assertion class - it contains SVA tested name and a list of details
Customized reporter class
SVAUnit test class which starts a sequence SEQ_TYPE : sequence type used to check a scenario
SVAUnit sequencer class
Svaunit test class
Svaunit test suite class definition
VPI wrapper - it contains a pointer to VPI interface and SVAUnit API's


404, oops!
I think this shouldn't have happened, but since you are here let's think together to get outta here!


300M Wireless N Router
Model No. TL-WR841N/TL-WR841ND
Copyright © 2014 TP-LINK Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.


David Granjon
Principal Scientist and Consultant, Novartis
-
Package development
shinyMobile, bs4Dash, ... RinteRfaceSupport Clinical Projects
Develop Shiny apps for exploratory analysisInternal Consulting
-
Want to show your super powers?
We are recruiting! Apply here
Mustapha Larbaoui
Associate Director, SCC, Novartis
-
Software Engineering (R/Shiny, Java, Web development) / Data Science / Life Science
Shiny or not Shiny?
Shiny or not Shiny?
Shiny or not Shiny?
Shiny or not Shiny?
Shiny or not Shiny?
Shiny or not Shiny?
How do we transition from
"Iris k-means clustering" to a
more advanced user interface?
Workshop Agenda
-
01. Shiny: under the hood
How are tags created?
Introduction to HTML, CSS and JavaScript for Shiny
How does shiny handle inputs?
-
02. Case Study
How to create a template from A to Z?
-
03. tidymodules (1h)
OOP
Namespace
Communication
Inheritance & Session
-
04. Go further
How to validate, test template elements? How to improve interactivity?
Part 1: Shiny, under the hood
Chapter 1: What's behind a shiny app?
A. Shiny generates HTML from R
Open the shiny_intro.Rmd and complete exercise 1.
B. Shiny dependencies
Open the shiny_intro.Rmd and complete exercise 2.
C. A Quick introduction to HTML
C.1 HTML tags
C.2 HTML attributes
C.3 The document object model (DOM)
Chapter 2: Manage web dependencies with {htmltools}
A. Include CSS and JS
It works but this approach is not portable!
B. Creating web dependencies
C. Attach web dependencies
D. Exercise (10 minutes)
Open htmltools_deps.Rmd and complete exercise 1
Chapter 3: From R to HTML!
B. Tag structure
C. {htmltools}: exercise 1 (5 minutes)
Open htmltools_HTML_to_R.Rmd and proceed to exercise 1
D. Add/Replace child(ren)
E. Tips
F. {htmltools}: exercise 2 (5 minutes)
Open htmltools_HTML_to_R.Rmd and proceed to exercise 2
Part 2: Practice!
Implementation of the Tabler dashboard dark template
How do we proceed?
-
A. Import dependencies: JavaScript, CSS
-
B. Translate template elements from HTML to R
-
C. Develop custom input bindings
Chapter 1. Import dependencies: exercise (10 minutes)
Open tabler_dashboard.Rmd and complete step 1
Chapter 2. Create template elements: exercise (10 minutes)
Open tabler_dashboard.Rmd and complete step 2
Chapter 3. Create new inputs
A. JavaScript and jQuery
6,000
A.1 Define variables
A.2 Define objects
A.3 Objects: get and set
B. jQuery: "Write less, do more" (1)
>JQuery is a JavaScript library, not another language!
B.1 jQuery selectors (2)
B.2 jQuery: Event listeners
An event listener is a program that triggers when a given event occurs.
B.3 jQuery: exercise (10 minutes)
Open the intro_to_jquery.Rmd and complete all exercises
C. Input binding structure (1)
An input binding tells how the input should behave.
C. About Shiny inputs: find (2)
C. Exercise (30 minutes) (3)
Open tabler_dashboard.Rmd complete step 3
C. Conclusion (4)
You may find more elements in the upcoming Oustanding User Interfaces for Shiny book
Part 3: Introduction to {tidymodules}
Chapter 1: Quick introduction to OOP and our first {tm} module
A simple R6 Class
A simple {tm} module
A. Learn R, in R.
Open the first lesson from the class "introduction to tidymodules"
See script in folder 3_tidymodules
B. Exercise : Let's make a counter.
We will convert an existing shiny module to {tm} with some adjustments
Chapter 2: Namespace management
Optional namespace!
Chapter 3: Module orchestration made easy!
Do it with pipes!
The fourth example !
Chapter 4:
Reducing code with Inheritance
Chapter 5:
User sessions
Part 4: Improve
A. Validate and test
-
A. Don't trust end-users: validate input parameters
-
B. Secure for future updates: write unit tests to reduce your mental load (when it's time for a breaking change)
B. Exercise (15 minutes)
Open tabler_dashboard.Rmd complete step 4
C. Enhance interactivity: R -> JS communication
C. Enhance interactivity: toasts
C. Toasts JS API
-
A. Create a toast: $(selector).toast(options). Options is a JSON
-
B. Show it: .toast('show')
-
C. More infos here


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block content %}
Mouseover displayed icons to see details of the outcome for the event.


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Seth Tal
Undergrad Computer Science student at the University of Oregon
Strong passion for Software Engineering, and Game Development. A student with experience in System Design, Web Development, and the Unity Game Engine.


RT @davystevenson: Attention #rubyconf. Attend my talk tomorrow and receive pirate loot! Thanks @RubyOnSails!
11/8/2013, 7:19:50 PM
Favs: 0
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link--- layout: tweet ---
RT @davystevenson: Attention #rubyconf. Attend my talk tomorrow and receive pirate loot! Thanks @RubyOnSails!
11/8/2013, 7:19:50 PM
Favs: 0
Retweets: 0
link


This simple productivity tool has helped me navigate my free time in a way that feels equally productive, fun, and curiosity-driven, and channels flow and energy rather than discipline alone to get things done. I think it'll be useful for others that have unstructured time in their lives as well, whether due to a sabbatical, self-employment / flexible jobs, or the weekend! Below is a bit about how this method came about and how it's helped, as well as how to try it in your own routine! For inspiration, I created a digital worksheet version of what my notebook looks like so you can find a structure that works for you.
As a recovering type-A, I've long struggled with the balance between structure and flow, or control and surrender, and this struggle was completely magnified when I quit my job last fall and embarked on my creative sabbatical. With all this new unstructured time, I didn't feel great about how my time was being spent: I wanted to find a way to work on myself and my many goals and aspirations on my own clock, but different methods I tried either felt overly stifling or so free that I'd either get decision paralysis or go too deep and burn out. Sound familiar?
It was after a trip to Patagonia that I began playing with a technique that has allowed me to make a playbox of my time: a time management and productivity tool that allowed me to expand and harness my energy rather than relying on discipline alone to get things done. It's what I now call the Trail Mix Method. During that week-long trek in Patagonia, trail mix gave me energy far greater and longer-lasting than any of the energy bars or gels that I'd brought with me. Packed with healthy fats, fiber, antioxidants, long-lasting calories, and proteins, the trail mix had a perfect balance of everything in it: just the right amount of sweet to savory and raisins to M&Ms.
When I got back from my trip and opened up my laptop to get some work done, a question popped into my head: what might a trail mix bag may look like for the things I want to do with my free time each week?
I've been using a metaphoric trail mix bag to manage my energy and unstructured time and this productivity method has been completely transformational for me. It's changed how I understand and honor my own energy and flow rather than creating resistance, has removed decision paralysis in the context of abundant time and opportunity, and has helped me come through on daunting tasks that I've put aside for months. It's been an amazing tool for me in getting through even the toughest of treks, and I hope you might find some inspiration from it too!
Where in your life do you feel you have unstructured time? What have you enjoyed about it? What challenges have you found with how you spend it?
In a nutshell (ha), the Trail Mix Method is a technique that helps structure unstructured time in a flexible way that better understands and manages your energy, rather than relying on discipline alone. In the same way that literal trail mix (the kind you eat) is a balanced mix of different bite-sized goodies, your Trail Mix Method bag is a mixed pool of different activities, ideas, and goals, each in little bite-size amounts that balance one another. Just as you would create a bag of trail mix before a trek, you build your Trail Mix Bag once at the start of the week, and then reach into it during free moments throughout the week.
What constitutes unstructured time? It's essentially free time without time-sensitive or external commitments — only commitments to yourself and your goals or aspirations. As such, it doesn't matter what you pick out of your bag because anything you draw can be completed today, tomorrow, or end of the week. Structured time, on the other hand, is where you take care of things you have to get done, like urgent tasks, doctor's appointments, social obligations, project deadlines — for me, those tasks live in a calendar and to do app.
Mixed and balanced
Your bag (or notebook) contains tons of things you want to do, and the occasional dreaded things you know are good for you, like meditating. Variety means there isn't too much of any one activity, and you create balance by thinking about how the activities relate to one another and to your excitement, making sure you're feeding all your different energy sources. For example, in the same way that you wouldn't buy trail mix that's all raisins, you balance your Trail Mix Method bag with a mix of activities in different categories such as learning, health & wellness, and organization.
 Rather than being project-based, activities are energy-based and are broken into small time chunks. Not every activity has the same amount of time because not every task has the same amount of excitement behind it, and by weighting each activity with a duration, you're able to make every activity equally attractive. For example, rather than setting a goal of finishing a book, you might set it at 30 minutes. For activities that seem unreachable, you might set only 5 minutes - just enough of a nudge to get you started on an intimidating project when starting is the hardest part.
Build and let go
Your bag represents a balance between controlling and structuring your container, and then letting go and trusting the bag you've built: whatever you need will show up in every handful. Remember that you made the bag, and you were thinking about what you wanted to do — coming from a place of empowerment, clarity, inspiration. So trust yourself!
What systems help you manage time-sensitive tasks or external commitments? How might the Trail Mix Method complement those systems for your unstructured time?
This is where the little bit of upfront structure and discipline comes in to help you surrender throughout the week. I schedule an hour chunk every Sunday night that I call "Trail Mix Sunday" where I create my bag for the week. Ideally, you would schedule this for whenever you feel your week starts so that you can plan for the week. I don't usually need the full hour, but I use any extra time to knock off a few items from my Trail Mix bag. For your first Trail Mix Sunday, you'll need the full time to set up your system and create your first bag.
If it's your first week, skip to step 3; if it's your weekly ritual, start on step 1.
Throughout the week, when you find yourself in unstructured time, reach into your bag and complete the activity you draw, crossing it off when it's completed (positive feedback loop!). This may need a bit of discipline at first, but it's all about trusting that you've built the bag with only things you feel you can do.
I keep mine in a little notebook in my pocket at all times, complementing the tools I use to manage my structured time, for which I used my calendar and to-do app.  Since it builds on your energy rather than expending (which is unavoidable when you use discipline to get things done), you'll find you have more discipline available for the things you have to do in my structured time.
Finally, you should not feel guilty about not finishing the bag at the end of the week, as we need down time in our weeks too! Having time to do nothing or be bored allows your mind to reset and reflect, and is just as important to your growth journey :)
Your challenge: Schedule an hour this Sunday to Trail Mix your week. This worksheet can help you create your first bag, and try Trail Mixing for four weeks. Reach out if you need help, and write back to let me know how it felt!
Tip on going for longer
If you find yourself done with the time you set for a task but still with energy to go on or deep in flow: feel out your energy levels! There's a balance between going deep and burning out and your enthusiasm may pull you for longer than an hour, but doing so can begin to drain you. You can always add another chunk of that activity to your bag for later and move on to your next activity! Flow is beautiful and hyper-productive, but it is not fleeting :)
Tip on handling resistance
On the flip-side, if the activity you draw raises some resistance, ask yourself: why? Is the task too daunting? Trying lowering the time allocation — you can do ANYTHING for just 5 minutes. Is the task still too daunting? Maybe your energy just isn’t there right now. Be true to the energetic state that you’re in. For example, if you’re in a creative mindset, maybe you’re better off doing one of your learning or creating tasks; similarly if you’re feeling very focused, you could pick one of your organizational or physical tasks. You can put the task back in the bag for a later time when the energy is there, and pick out another — just observe what tasks you’re repeatedly avoiding and ask yourself why.
Tip on graduating your Trail Mix Bag from unstructured to structured
One of my happiest outcomes of Trail Mix Method is that certain activities became so easy to accomplish that they'd end up graduating from my unstructured time into my scheduled routine. For example, it was so easy for me to complete income-building activities that I ended up adding one hour at the beginning of every day where I only focused on income-generating activities, thus creating more space in my bag for other goals. I think that's part of the beauty of this method: it's helping me build habits and accountability!
I'd love to hear from you: How has the Trail Mix Method fit into your own energy and time management? What has worked well for you, and what has been difficult? Shoot me a note below! I'm happy to help you build an effective Trail Mix bag and answer questions such as what is flow and how to use this system to honor flow, how to minimize resistence and burnout, and how to use this as a complement to systems you use for your structured time.
Huge shout out to my coach Danna for helping me discover this method and to my friend Danika for helping me communicate it!


enum class Vote
This enum defines the possible states of an item the logged in user has voted, represented by the inteface Votable
There are 3 states: UPVOTE, DOWNVOTE and the default NONE,
UPVOTE |
|
DOWNVOTE |
|
NONE |
dir |
the vote as seen by the Reddit Api, 1 for UPVOTE, -1 for DOWNVOTE and 0 for NONE val dir: Int |


The Question Site
Answer these questions to win a free car.
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Because I was bored
Because I love answering questions
I accidentally ended up here
Because the person who made this website is cool
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Happy birthday Shah Rukh Khan: 7 of the Bollywood heartthrob's most iconic dialogues
by Entertainment DeskShah Rukh Khan is one of the biggest superstars of Indian film industry with thousands of fans across the globe but his family means the world to him.
The actor turns 54 today and had taken this year off to spend quality time with his wife and three kids. He was last seen in 2018 film Zero but chose to take a break after it failed to impress the audiences.
But that doesn’t mean he hasn’t delivered some of audience’s favourites over the years. Compiled from Pinkvilla, here are seven iconic dialogues by the actor.
1. Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayengay
Bade bade deshon mein aisi choti choti baatein hoti rehti hain, senorita.
2. Dil Toh Pagal
Rahul, naam to suna hoga.
3. Kuch Kuch Hota Hai
Kuch kuch hota hai Anjali, tum nahi samjhogi.
4. Chak De India
Sattar minute, sattar minute hai tumhare paas, shayad tumhari zindagi ke sabse khaas sattar minute. Aaj tum accha khelo ya bura, yeh sattar minute tumhe zindagi bhar yaad rahenge.
5. Devdas
Babuji ne kaha gaon chhor do, sab ne kaha Paro ko chhor do, Paro ne kaha sharab chhor do, aaj tumne keh diya haweli chhor do, ek din aayega jab woh kahega, duniya hi chhor do.
6. Baazigar
Kabhi kabhi jeetne ke liye kuch harna bhi padta hai aur haar kar jeetne waale ko baazigar kehte hai.
7. Darr
I love you KKK..Kiran.


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--- layout: compress --- {% include base_path %}
{% include head.html %} {% include head/custom.html %} {% include scripts.html %} {% include browser-upgrade.html %} {% include masthead.html %}
Ever wondered how many arthropod species have a genome sequence available?
This table summarizes all of the arthropod genome projects archived in an International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC) database regardless of assembly completeness or contiguity. While some species do have sequencing for multiple strains or subspecies, the information here is provided at the species level. Links to NCBI through the Genome ID provide additional information about all assemblies and their associated metrics, while links through the contig or scaffold N50s provide additional information about the representative genome assembly.
See the FAQ below the table for more information about how it was compiled and how you can help improve it.
Orders represented: 39
Families represented: 175 of 2881 Extant Arthropoda Families
Genuses represented: 304
Total species: 476
Last updated: 2019-10-30
| Order | Family | Scientific Name | Common Name(s) | Genome ID | Contig N50 | Scaffold N50 | Genome Database(s) |
|---|


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__token__
wh14-
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If you are using Poetry to publish your projects, use the following commands to configure:
poetry config repositories.warehouse14 {{ url_for('simple.simple_index', _external=True) }} poetry config http-basic.warehouse14 __token__ "{{ token_raw }}"
For example, if you are using Twine to upload your
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For further instructions on how to use this token, visit the PyPI help page.
{% else %} {% endif %}


dev* 2016
@jyrimatti
Polarization, photochromism...
What do these have to do with programming?
- nothing
OK, fine, how about lenses and prisms?
I don't mention any laws.
I should.
Maybe some day I will find the time to check if I break any.
There are no new contributions here.
I picked stuff from here and there and put it together.
Imagine if,
we had a way to "zoom in" inside a structure to get a value.
Maybe even modify the value,
producing a modified clone of the structure.
Let's imagine we want to assign salaries to employees.
class Department {
Employee _manager;
}
class Employee {
Integer _salary;
}
Department assignSalaries(Department d) {
d._manager._salary = 10000;
}
Simple but mutable. Mutability causes lots of problems.
Can we make it immutable?
class Department {
final Employee _manager;
Department(Employee manager) { this._manager = manager; }
}
class Employee {
final Integer _salary;
Employee(Integer salary) { this._salary = salary; }
}
Department assignSalaries(Department d} {
return new Department(new Employee(10000));
}
Awkward. Doesn't scale.
Unrealistic when objects have more than a few fields.
Builder<Employee> eBuilder = Builder.of(Employee_.$Fields(), Employee_.$);
Builder<Department> dBuilder = Builder.of(Department_.$Fields(), Department_.$);
Lens<Employee, Integer> salary = Lens.of(Employee_._salary , eBuilder);
Lens<Department, Employee> manager = Lens.of(Department_._manager, dBuilder);
Lens<Department, Employee> managerSalary = manager.andThen(salary);
Department assignSalaries(Department d} {
return managerSalary.over(d, (s -> 10000));
}
With Builders we can copy objects,
with 1st class functions we can reference fields.
Verbose as hell, but scales indefinitely.
This is Lens
Lens is also, more or less, a "Costate Comonad Coalgebra".
You should probably forget that.
2006: The Essence of the Iterator Pattern. Traversals encode the Iterator pattern.
2007: Haskell State Accessors. Composable "Accessors" for getting/setting record fields.
2009: CPS based functional references. Using Functors to get different behaviors.
2012: Polymorphic Update with van Laarhoven Lenses.
2012: Control.Lens is released to Hackage.
2014: Some pure profunctor lenses appear.
2015: Mezzolens is pushed to Hackage, Purescript gets profunctor lenses.
2016: The present. Lenses appear in a number of languages. Profunctor lenses still under research.
2017: Maybe You figure out something useful?
mostly from https://github.com/ekmett/lens/wiki/History-of-Lenses
Following header makes the rest of the code samples compile. (Haskell-for-Mac, GHCi (see GIST))
{-# LANGUAGE Rank2Types, ScopedTypeVariables #-}
import Data.Tuple (swap)
import Data.Monoid (First(..), getFirst)
import Data.Time.Clock.POSIX (getPOSIXTime)
import qualified Data.Char as Char
import qualified Data.Profunctor as P
import qualified Data.Tagged as T
import Control.Monad.Identity
import Control.Applicative (Const(..), getConst)
import Control.Category ((>>>))
import qualified Control.Lens as L
import Numeric.Natural
data MyLens s a = MyLens {
getter :: s -> a
, setter :: a -> s -> s
}
let get :: MyLens s a -> s -> a
get = getter
set :: MyLens s a -> a -> s -> s
set = setter
modify :: MyLens s a -> (a -> a) -> s -> s
modify l f s = (setter l) (f $ getter l s) s
data Employee = Employee { _salary :: Int } deriving Show
let salary = MyLens _salary (\a s -> s { _salary = a } )
get salary (Employee 42)
-- > 42
set salary 42 (Employee 1)
-- > Employee { salary_ = 42 }
modify salary (+1) (Employee 41)
-- > Employee { salary_ = 42 }
That's it!
Huge win with lenses is composition:
-- Define our own composition operator:
let (@.) :: MyLens a b -> MyLens b c -> MyLens a c
(@.) l@(MyLens g1 s1) r@(MyLens g2 s2) = MyLens (g2 . g1) (\c a -> modify l (\b -> set r c b) a)
data Department = Department { _manager :: Employee } deriving Show
let manager = MyLens _manager (\a s -> s { _manager = a } )
get (manager @. salary) (Department (Employee 42))
-- > 42
For modification we must get the value first
-> two traversals inside structure, ugh...
 What if we change to "monadic" functions, i.e. functions returning a wrapped value?
data MyLens_functor s t a b = MyLens_functor {
getter :: s -> a
, modifier :: forall f. Functor f => (a -> f b) -> (s -> f t)
}
let modify :: Functor f => MyLens_functor s t a b -> (a -> f b) -> (s -> f t)
modify = modifier
salary = MyLens_functor _salary (\f s -> fmap (\a -> s { _salary = a }) (f $ _salary s) )
updateSalary = (+1)
Needs a functor, so let's use some!
Remember Functors?
https://lahteenmaki.net/dev_*14/
runIdentity $ modify salary (Identity . updateSalary) (Employee 41)
-- > Employee { _salary = 42 }
This looks like the previous modification!
In Control.Lens, 'over' does exactly this wrapping and unwrapping Identity.
getConst $ modify salary (Const . updateSalary) (Employee 41)
-- > 42
This looks like the regular get!
In Control.Lens, 'view' does exactly this wrapping and unwrapping Const.
Let's use a bit more interesting functor, like... I don't know...
let debugging f oldValue = do
putStrLn $ "Old value: " ++ show oldValue
started <- getPOSIXTime
let newVal = f oldValue
finished <- getPOSIXTime
putStrLn $ "New value: " ++ show newVal ++ ". Execution took " ++ show (finished-started) ++ " ms"
return newVal
modify salary (debugging updateSalary) $ Employee 41
-- > IO (Employee { _salary = 42 })
-- and outputs a debugging string when executed!
Who says purity prevents us from doing stuff!
Lens "zooms in" to a single value inside a structure.
What if we want to "zoom in" to multiple values?
Basic trick:
replace Functors with Applicatives and see what happens
(remember? https://lahteenmaki.net/dev_*14/)
type Traversal s t a b = forall f.
What if we want to "zoom in" to a part that may not be there?
type MyPrism s a = forall p f. (L.Choice p, Applicative f) => p a (f a) -> p s (f s)
let myPrism :: (a -> s) -> (s -> Maybe a) -> MyPrism s a
myPrism as sma = P.dimap (\s -> maybe (Left s) Right (sma s)) (either pure (fmap as)) . L.right'
review r = runIdentity . T.unTagged . r . T.Tagged . Identity
preview l = getFirst . L.foldMapOf l (First . Just)
-- conditional constructor to create a department with a suitable manager
let newDepartment emp | _salary emp > 5000 = Just $ Department emp
newDepartment _ = Nothing
-- prism breaking down the construction of a Department to
-- the "missing" value and the function taking the missing value
department :: MyPrism Employee Department
department = myPrism _manager newDepartment
review department $ Department (Employee 42)
-- > Employee {_salary = 42}
preview department $ Employee 42
-- > Nothing
preview department $ Employee 5042
-- > Just (Department {_manager = Employee {_salary = 5042})
So, we can test if the function accepts the given argument.
I guess all this would be utterly useless if it didn't compose:
-- Only allow an Employee with a positive salary
let newEmployee sal = if sal > 0 then Just $ Employee sal else Nothing
employee = myPrism _salary newEmployee
L.has employee $ 42
-- > True
L.has employee $ -42
-- > False
review employee $ Employee 42
-- > 42
preview employee $ -42
-- > Nothing
preview employee $ 42
-- > Just (Employee {_salary = 42})
-- prism for a valid department, that is, a department with an employee (manager) with salary >= 5000
let validDepartment = employee . department
L.has validDepartment $ 42
-- > False
L.has validDepartment $ 5042
-- > True
preview validDepartment $ 42
-- > Nothing
preview validDepartment $ 5042
-- > Just (Department {_manager = Employee {_salary = 5042})
With prisms we can build structures functionally with
"validation in constructors"
What if we are zoomed in to a part inside a huge structure, and want to observe the neighborhood?
Zooming again and again not acceptable performance-wise.
a Zipper can move inside a structure.
forwards/backwards in a list, up or down a binary tree...
Maybe some other year about zippers...
That is, in abstract nonsense
Let's define an 'Optic' as something that
goes from 's' to 't' and from 'a' to 'b'.
Or something that "zooms in" to an 'a' inside an 's' and
can transform them to 'b' and 't' respectively:
type Optic p s t a b = p a b -> p s t
'p' is something that can wrap this whole mess.
Isomorphism is something that can go "there and back again".
A transformation that preserves information.
Remember Profunctor? https://lahteenmaki.net/dev_*15/
A Bifunctor where the first argument is contravariant ("input") and the second is covariant ("output")
class Profunctor p where
dimap :: (a -> b) -> (c -> d) -> p b c -> p a d
-- We get an isomorphism as an Optic with a profunctor wrapper:
type Iso s t a b = forall p. Profunctor p => Optic p s t a b
-- create an isomorphism
let iso :: (s -> a) -> (b -> t) -> Iso s t a b
iso = dimap
let charAsInt :: Iso Int Int Char Char
charAsInt = iso toEnum fromEnum
charOptic :: Profunctor p => Optic p Int Int Char Char
charOptic = charAsInt
If we "Forget" the output transformation 'g'...
newtype Forget r a b = Forget { runForget :: a -> r }
instance Profunctor (Forget r) where
dimap f _ (Forget k) = Forget (k . f)
let view :: Optic (Forget a) s t a b -> s -> a
view o = runForget $ o $ Forget id
view charOptic 120
-- > 'x'
...we get a view to what an optic is "zoomed in to"
If we "Tag in" a final value 'b'...
newtype Tagged s b = Tagged { unTagged :: b }
instance Profunctor Tagged where
dimap _ g (Tagged b) = Tagged (g b)
let review :: Optic Tagged s t a b -> b -> t
review o = unTagged . o . Tagged
review charOptic 'x'
-- > 120
...we get back "its source"
With Forget and Tagged, an isomorphism can be inverted
let from :: Iso s t a b -> Iso b a t s
from i = iso (review i) (view i)
view charOptic 120
-- > 'x'
view (from charOptic) 'x'
-- > 120
If we use regular function for the Optic...
instance Profunctor (->) where
dimap ab cd bc = cd . bc . ab
let over :: Optic (->) s t a b -> (a -> b) -> (s -> t)
over = id
set :: Optic (->) s t a b -> b -> s -> t
set o = over o . const
over charOptic (Char.toUpper) 120
-- > 88 (== 'X')
set charOptic 'X' 120
-- > 88
...we get modifier and setter
class Profunctor p => Strong p where
first' :: p a b -> p (a, c) (b, c)
first' = dimap swap swap . second'
second' :: p a b -> p (c, a) (c, b)
second' = dimap swap swap . first'
instance Strong (->) where
first' ab ~(a, c) = (ab a, c)
instance Strong (Forget r) where
first' (Forget k) = Forget (k . fst)
If we use Strength to "Pass through values",
we get Lens
type Lens s t a b = forall p. Strong p => Optic p s t a b
let lens :: (s -> a) -> (s -> b -> t) -> Lens s t a b
lens f g = dimap (f &&& id) (uncurry $ flip g) . first'
where
(***) :: (b -> c) -> (b' -> c') -> (b,b') -> (c,c')
f *** g = first' f >>> swap >>> first' g >>> swap
(&&&) :: (b -> c) -> (b -> c') -> b -> (c,c')
f &&& g = (\b -> (b,b)) >>> f *** g
let charLens :: Lens Int Int Char Char
charLens = lens toEnum (\s b -> fromEnum b)
salary :: Lens Employee Employee Int Int
salary = lens _salary (\s b -> s { _salary = b })
view charLens 120
-- > 'x'
set charLens 'x' 42
-- > 120
over charLens (Char.toUpper) 120
-- > 88 (== 'X')
Lens composition:
let toUpperLens = lens Char.toUpper $ \s -> Char.toLower
view (charLens . toUpperLens) 120
-- > 'X'
By using Choice as the wrapper...
class Profunctor p => Choice p where
left' = dimap (either Right Left) (either Right Left) . right'
right' = dimap (either Right Left) (either Right Left) . left'
instance Choice Tagged where
left' (Tagged b) = Tagged (Left b)
instance Monoid r => Choice (Forget r) where
left' (Forget k) = Forget (either k (const mempty))
type Prism s t a b = forall p. Choice p => Optic p s t a b
let prism :: (b -> t) -> (s -> Either t a) -> Prism s t a b
prism f g = dimap g (either id f) . right'
preview :: Prism s t a b -> s -> (Maybe a)
preview l = getFirst . (runForget . l . Forget $ First . pure)
let charPrism :: Prism Int Int Char Char
charPrism = prism fromEnum (\s -> if s > 0 then Right (toEnum s) else Left s)
review charPrism 'x'
-- > 120
preview charPrism 120
-- > Just 'x'
preview charPrism (-120)
-- > Nothing
... we get Prism
instance Choice (->) where
left' ab (Left a) = Left (ab a)
left' _ (Right c) = Right c
class (Strong p, Choice p) => Wander p where
wander :: (forall f. Applicative f => (a -> f b) -> s -> f t) -> p a b -> p s t
instance Wander (->) where
wander t f = runIdentity . t (Identity . f)
type Traversal s t a b = forall p. Wander p => Optic p s t a b
let traversed :: forall t a b. (Traversable t) => Traversal (t a) (t b) a b
traversed = wander traverse
If instead of a regular function we use a "monadic function",
that is, a function of the form "a -> m b"
wrapped inside a data type (Kleisli),
we get IO etc.
data Kleisli m a b = Kleisli { runKleisli :: a -> m b }
instance Functor f => Profunctor (Kleisli f) where
dimap f g (Kleisli h) = Kleisli (fmap g . h . f)
instance Applicative f => Choice (Kleisli f) where
right' (Kleisli f) = Kleisli foo
where foo (Left c) = pure $ Left c
foo (Right a) = sequenceA $ Right (f a)
instance Functor f => Strong (Kleisli f) where
second' (Kleisli h) = Kleisli $ \(x,y) -> (,) x <$> (h y)
let modifyM :: Optic (Kleisli f) s t a b -> (a -> f b) -> s -> f t
modifyM l = runKleisli . l . Kleisli
modifyM charLens (\c -> do putStrLn "You see me!"; return $ Char.toUpper c) 120
-- > IO 88
-- and outputs "You see me!" when executed!
Similarly, we can wrap a "comonadic function"
to a CoKleisli type to be able to use
comonadic (w a -> b) instead of monadic functions:
data CoKleisli w a b = CoKleisli { runCoKleisli :: w a -> b }
instance Functor f => Profunctor (CoKleisli f) where
dimap f g (CoKleisli h) = CoKleisli (g . h . fmap f)
let modifyW :: Optic (CoKleisli f) s t a b -> (f a -> b) -> f s -> t
modifyW l = runCoKleisli . l . CoKleisli
data MyEnv v = MyEnv Int v
instance Functor MyEnv where
fmap f (MyEnv e v) = MyEnv e $ f v
let getEnv (MyEnv e v) = e
getValue (MyEnv e v) = v
let someComonadicFunction :: MyEnv Char -> Char
someComonadicFunction env = Char.toUpper $ toEnum $ fromEnum (getValue env) + getEnv env
view charOptic $ modifyW charOptic someComonadicFunction (MyEnv 1 120)
-- > 'Y'
We can finally reference "things" inside complex hierarchies:
data Money = Money { _amount :: Natural, _currency :: String } deriving Show
data Employee = Employee { _salary :: Maybe Money } deriving Show
data Department = Department { _employees :: [Employee] } deriving Show
let employees :: Lens Department Department [Employee] [Employee]
employees = lens _employees (\d es -> d { _employees = es })
salary :: Lens Employee Employee (Maybe Money) (Maybe Money)
salary = lens _salary (\e s -> e { _salary = s })
amount :: Lens Money Money Natural Natural
amount = lens _amount (\m a -> m { _amount = a })
just :: Prism (Maybe a) (Maybe b) a b
just = prism Just $ maybe (Left Nothing) Right
someDepartment = Department [Employee (Just $ Money 42 "Euro")]
let nilled = set (employees.traversed.salary) Nothing someDepartment
-- > Department {_employees = [Employee {_salary = Nothing}]}
over (employees.traversed.salary.just.amount) (+1) nilled
-- > Department {_employees = [Employee {_salary = Nothing}]}
over (employees.traversed.salary.just.amount) (+1) someDepartment
-- > Department {_employees = [Employee {_salary = Just (Money {_amount = 43, _currency = "Euro"})}]}
Like object-oriented dot-notation but better!
Optics are useful, in any language striving for immutability.
Multiple libraries and languages provide Optics.
In 10-20 years we will all be using Optics
in everyday programming.
Implementing Optics with Profunctors
is an active research topic.
The code:
https://gist.github.com/jyrimatti/02722d1422534016170219ab3a8086e2
Excellent tutorial for a passionate mind:
https://artyom.me/#lens-over-tea
Nice QA:
https://www.schoolofhaskell.com/user/tel/a-little-lens-starter-tutorial
More lens stuff:
https://github.com/ekmett/lens/wiki/FAQ#q-where-can-i-learn-more-about-lenses-in-general
Mezzolens:
https://hackage.haskell.org/package/mezzolens
Mainline Profunctor Heirarchy for Optics:
http://r6research.livejournal.com/27476.html
Profunctor lenses for Purescript:
https://github.com/purescript-contrib/purescript-profunctor-lenses/
Keep your focus on learning new stuff!
Thank you.


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