What is 'scope'? and how does it work in JavaScript?
JavaScript has two scopes – global and local. Variables declared outside of a function are within global scope, and therefore accessible from anywhere in your code. Each function has its own local scope, and any variable declared within that function is only accessible from that function and any nested functions.


Hey, I'm Sean. I'm a full stack developer. I read, think, design & build stuff. I grew up in Portland, ME, went to school in Boston, MA, and live in Charlotte, NC. When I'm not programming, I'm playing soccer, listening to music, or traveling the world. Check out my photos below, just a few of my favorite shots.
3 things I really love to do: work in teams, solve complex problems, learn new things. This is where my passion for software cultivated from. Finding ways to positively impact the world with new applications is what I want to do. My 6-month apprenticeship with Bloc helped catalyze my web development career. I built projects using Ruby on Rails, Javascript, and AngularJS, coming away with critical client and server-side experience. Take a look at my portfolio to see some finished projects and be sure to check out my Github page to see what I'm currently working on. Cheers.
angular
apache
atom
bootstrap
c++
css3
d3js
git
gulp
heroku
html5
javascript
jquery
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nodejs
php
postgresql
rails
ruby
typescript


vignettes/development_and_debugging.Rmd
This article describes recommend workflow for developing D3 visualizations, including:
Using integrated tools for r2d3 within RStudio to preview visualizations; and
Using browser debugging tools to pinpoint errors in your code.
Note that the development tools described above are only fully supported within the daily build of RStudio (as opposed to the current stable release) so you should download the daily build before trying these features out.
The daily build of RStudio includes support for previewing D3 scripts as you write them. To try this out, create a D3 script using the new file menu:
A simple template for a D3 script (the barchart.js example shown above) is provided by default. You can use the Preview command (Ctrl+Shift+Center) to render the visualization:
You might wonder where the data comes from for the preview. Note that there is a special comment at the top of the D3 script:
This comment enables you to specify the data (along with any other arguments to the r2d3()
function) to use for the preview.
The viewer
argument to the r2d3()
function enables you to customize how D3 visualizations are viewed when printed from within the RStudio console. The following options are available:
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
viewer = "internal" |
(Default). Display within the RStudio Viewer pane. |
viewer = "external" |
Display within an external RStudio Viewer window. |
viewer = "browser" |
Display within an external web browser (e.g. Chrome). |
The “external” option is useful if your visualization requires more space than an RStudio pane affords. The “browser” option is useful if you need access to browser debugging tools during development.
Here’s an example of adding the viewer
argument to the preview comment at the top of a D3 script:
When troubleshooting a visualization it is also often useful to print diagnostics to the JavaScript console. This is usually accomplished by calling console.log()
with a message that can help you troubleshoot the problem at hand.
For instance, the following script does not trigger any runtime errors but also does not render anything at all:
// !preview r2d3 data=c(0.3, 0.6, 0.8, 0.95, 0.40, 0.20)
var barHeight = Math.ceil(height / data.length);
svg.selectAll('rect')
.data(data)
.enter().append('rect')
.attr('width', function(d) { return d; })
.attr('height', barHeight)
.attr('y', function(d, i) { return i * barHeight; })
.attr('fill', 'steelblue');
In this case, we think the problem might be with the width
so we print this value to the console as follows:
// !preview r2d3 data=c(0.3, 0.6, 0.8, 0.95, 0.40, 0.20)
var barHeight = Math.ceil(height / data.length);
svg.selectAll('rect')
.data(data)
.enter().append('rect')
.attr('width', function(d) {
console.log("The width has value " + d)
return d * width * 0;
})
.attr('height', barHeight)
.attr('y', function(d, i) { return i * barHeight; })
.attr('fill', 'steelblue');
r2d3 renders renders the JavaScript console output directly into the visualization. For this example, this will show that the width
is 0.2
, which is too small to be visible:
If you need to debug errors or other unexpected behavior in your D3 script, you can use the Show in new window window command within the RStudio Viewer to show the visualization in an external web browser:
It’s also possible to add the viewer="browser"
option to your !preview
comment at the top of the file to skip the RStudio Viewer and route the visualization directly to an external browser:
Once you’ve opened the visualization you can use your browser Developer Tools to do additional debugging (typically you’ll need to reload the page after you’ve opened the developer tools pane in order to reproduce the error):
Your original D3 script and dependencies are available as a r2d3-script-###
script which can be used to set breakpoints or inspect errors in detail:


CARLA'S SONG
Reviewed by Harvey Karten, Ph.D. Shadow Distribution/Parallax Director: Ken Loach Writer: Ken Loach Cast:Robert Carlyle, Oyanka Cabezas, Scott Glenn, Salvador Espinosa, Louise Goodall, Richard Loza, Gary Lewis, Pamela Turner
Ken Loach, whose "Carla's Song" pretty much fits in with his traditional themes and styles, has its heart in the right place--depending on your where you stand politically. It's the sort of film that would be hated by Oliver North, whose infamous scheme funneled money to Nicaragua's Contras during the 1980s civil war in that little country. It will be appreciated, though, by those who believe that the United States should not support right-wing governments in the Third World. Aside from its politics, though, it has the feel of a docudrama with improvised dialogue. This is not the sort of design that would win it a wide audience, but then at least Loach is staying true to his pattern--the portrayal of poor and working-class people who are failures in life and do self- defeating things that drive them to madness. If the unpredictable actions of the hero of "Carla's Song"--a bus driver in Scotland's commercial city of Glasgow--seem unbelievable, you've got to realize that they are the gestures of a man driven to good-hearted foolishness by his love of an unlikely woman.
Loach first treats us to a picture of a man with a most ordinary profession, bus-driver George (Robert Carlyle). He is suspended for a week after fighting with a Javert-like ticket- taker on his vehicle who threatens to arrest a passenger for not paying her fare. Though George has an affectionate, down-to-earth girl friend, he falls instantly in love with the passenger, Carla (Oyanka Cabezas), whom he pursues relentlessly despite her aloofness and unwillingness to share information about herself. He learns, however, that she is in Scotland as a refugee from her country's civil war. Alone and adrift, she has twice attempted suicide, is saved by George who encounters her in a pool of bathtub blood, and incredibly enough agrees to travel with her to Nicaragua to locate her missing lover Antonio.
Loach's Glasgow is more realistic than Alan Jay Lerner's depiction of the Scottish people in "Brigadoon" and his Nicaragua is far removed from Central American tourist posters such Costa Rica's (which claim that the country is so romantic that even the oceans get together). The Glasgow workers are all hostile: the cab driver whom George's bus barely touches is enraged; the ticket-taker treats a freebie passenger as though she were an axe murderer; George's boss threatens to fire him for inconsequential reasons; the passengers on the bus whine at every bump; Carla's landlady loudly threatens to throw her out. But some Nicaraguans are worse. Loach's Sandinistas are an earthy, friendly, song- loving group who teach literacy to the peasants. But the CIA- backed Contras are brutal, blowing up suspected Sandinista houses and in one case deliberately and methodically paralyzing a man, pouring acid on his face and releasing him to his misery. Loach also introduces a CIA operative (Scott Glenn) who allegedly sees the horror of his mission and goes over to the other side. We get the impression that the Sandanistas would not think of stooping to the ruthlessness of their foes--that they are as innocent as America's Black Panthers who wanted only "to introduce breakfast programs in ghetto schools and teach righteous behavior to its targeted beneficiaries."
Loach's politics are one-sided. He has the right to herald his views however much they may dismay and disillusion those who have considered Sandinista leaders little more than dictators bent on subverting all of Latin America into Soviet client states. His film, however, is marred by a largely unintelligible Scottish dialect--it would be well served by subtitles, as the English language spoken by the Nicaraguan as a second language is more understandable than that of the Scots. More damaging is the uneasy mix of romance and politics, making "Carla's Song" neither here nor there. The dialogue comes across as largely improvised making the film too loose, even incoherent, but here Loach is nothing if not consistent in his disregard for the traditional narrative. Robert Carlyle is effective, as he was in his previous films such as "The Fully Monty" and Oyanka Cabezas's performance is affecting though she does not have the sort of beauty that would attract most men to her as obsessively she affects George.
With such works as "Lady, Ladybird," Loach's film about a single mother of four with a history of abuse from males, and "Family Life" which treats a 19-year-old woman driven mad by societal pressures, Ken Loach is easier to respect than to like. "Carla's Song" keeps him firmly implanted in that ghetto. Not Rated. Running time: 127 minutes. (C) Harvey Karten 1998
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


LIAM
Reviewed by Harvey Karten Lions Gate Films Director: Stephen Frears Writer: Jimmy McGovern Cast: Ian Hart, Claire Hackett, Anthony Borrows, David Hart, Megan Burns, Anne Reid, Russell Dixon, Julia Deakin, Andrew Schofield, Bernadette Shortt, David Carey, David Knopov, Jane Gurnett, Gema Loveday, Martin Hancock
It would be easy to look at the first few frames of "Liam"--the sepia photography, the Liverpudlian row houses, the depressing furnishings inside the home of a family of five being supported precariously by one breadwinner, and think, "Uh, oh, another one of those biographical sketches of the writer's or director's or novelist's childhood seen through the eyes of a little tyke. Does it seem like yesterday that we saw 'Angela's Ashes'?" You wouldn't be entirely wrong, because "Liam" does indeed draw on the scripter, Jimmy McGovern's early life experience. But I know of no film that better illustrates how trying economic conditions can lead to the rise of extremist movements, in this case fascism--and fascism not where you expect it in, say, France, whose local people collaborated all too often with the Nazi occupation, or Poland, where Jews were executed by local fascist gangs when they returned home after the war was over. We're talking England, the European land that took in 10,000 Jewish children while Nazism was rising on the Continent (think "Into the Arms of Strangers") and who bravely stood up to the Luftwaffe despite attack after tiring and devastating assault.
Featuring a stunning performance by Anthony Borrows as the 8-year-old title character through whose eyes the drama takes place, "Liam" hones in on an occasionally happy family in Liverpool during the 1930's, part of the city's minority Catholic population which occasionally enjoy spats with their Protestant neighbors, each belting out patriotic songs that embrace their separate identities. The head of household (forcefully played by the wonderful Ian Hart) makes a decent living in the local steel mills, but when bad times force the closing of the plant, Dad is compelled to line up with his fellows every morning hoping desperately to get day work.
Given the hardships faced by the families in the neighborhood, it becomes almost inevitable that some would fall under the influence of local extremist groups. At one meeting verbal pyrotechnics break out between a Leninist speaker who urges the men to join the Communist party but is opposed by another who warns that the Reds would destroy the churches. As the family fortunes spiral downward, Liam's dad eventually joins the Blackshirts, or the Union of British Fascists, leading him on a private war against the local Jews--particularly the wealthy and kind Mrs Samuels (Jane Gurnett) who employs his daughter, Teresa (Megan Burns) as a maid, paying her extra to deliver messages to her lover.
Considerable time is taken up by director Stephen Frears ("The Snapper," "My Beautiful Launderette," "Prick Up Your Ears") in displaying the intimidation of the eight-year-olds in their Catholic school--not surprising when you realize that the screenwriter, Jimmy McGovern, shocked many Catholic moviegoers with his 1994 film "Priest." That film, which featured Linus Roache and Antonia Bird, is a provocative drama about a man of the cloth who finds himself caught between sacred vows and his own personal beliefs, especially his closeted homosexuality, and pulls out the stops in presentation of what Mr. McGovern saw as messy Church politics. "Liam"'s Church-bashing will remind movie buffs of a more recent picture, Sydney Macartney's "A Love Divided," highlighting a Protestant woman married to a Catholic who defies the local priest and kidnaps her daughter Eileen rather than allow her to attend a Catholic school.
Filmed and edited by Andrew Dunn and Kristina Hetheringtom respectively, "Liam" does not linger too long on any scene, as Frears keeps the momentum through frequent changes of scene
People like to blame others for their troubles, and why not? We have difficulty accepting responsibility for our own failures and when hard times are the fault of an abstraction known as business cycles--as was the case during the Great Depression-- we look to something concrete to condemn. The government? Not a bad target, sometimes. But it's even easier to ascribe our problems to a relatively defenseless group. Minorities and immigrants might be the target du jour given the right political and economic conditions and we do know that both Communism and anti-Semitism rose during the Depression in both England and the U.S. Given the presence of skinhead movements today--and a slew of race riots just the other day in London--we wonder how much worse the chaos would be if times got really bad. Having observed convincing performances all around in "Liam," especially by the very young title character, we may consider ourselves warned.
Not Rated. Running time: 91 minutes. (C) 2001 by Harvey Karten<EMAIL_ADDRESS>========== X-RAMR-ID: 28870 X-Language: en X-RT-ReviewID: 236555 X-RT-TitleID: 10000442 X-RT-SourceID: 570 X-RT-AuthorID: 1123
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Week 1 Web Basics Assignment
Example Question : Write a function that squares two numbers and appends the value into the htmlTarget1 variable. Run your function on the right side of the answer 1 variable so that it outputs in your browswer.
Question 1: Write a function that gives you the area of a triangle. Run your function on the right side of the answer 2 variable so that it outputs in your browswer.
Question 2:
Question 3:
Question 4:


Before Change
// Initialize clique beliefs as well as sepset beliefs
self.clique_beliefs = {clique: self.junction_tree.get_factors(clique)
for clique in self.junction_tree.nodes()}
self.sepset_beliefs = {frozenset(x[0]).intersection(frozenset(x[1])): None
for x in self.junction_tree.edges()}
def _update_beliefs(sending_clique, recieving_clique):
After Change
// Initialize clique beliefs as well as sepset beliefs
self.clique_beliefs = {clique: self.junction_tree.get_factors(clique)
for clique in self.junction_tree.nodes()}
self.sepset_beliefs = {frozenset(edge): None for edge in self.junction_tree.edges()}
def _update_beliefs(sending_clique, recieving_clique):


Firefox Mobile Support - Better Battlelog Forums #1561
Sitemap
24. March 2012 13:05
Topicstarter
Guest
Would be nice if the addon worked in Firefox Mobile for Android.
24. March 2012 13:43
BrainFooLong
Administrator
This extension is not designed to work with mobile devices.
Sorry.


xXx SCREAM templates/includes/_dashboard_css.html xXx
We couldn't find the page you were looking for.


Date: Sep 1993
From: 'John J. Gibson'
To: Multiple recipients of list SCODAE
Subject: Poppy Seed Info Needed....
Hello Everyone,
I'm new to this LISTSERV, but I have an extremely urgent request that perhaps only YOU in the Internet community can help with now....
My wife recently moved to Arizona to start her 'Dream Job' (offered in July) and was given the standard pre-employment physical at a local hospital. She was given no warnings of what NOT to eat, and I believe was not even asked what she had recently eaten. She ate two poppy seed muffins that morning and registered a positive morphine level on their drug test that afternoon. She was fired because she was a 'drug abuser'.
There are a few other circumstances that seem to have complicated this situation. We've found out that the NIDA suggested limit is 300; she scored about 1,000 and we are trying to figure out 'why'. The nurse said she was extremely dehydrated (after working in 100-degree temperatures) and that her keytones (?) were high (she had eaten very little the last few days). She is also vegetarian. We've heard that these other factors may have been the reason for her score, but we have no solid medical research to back this up....
Does anyone out there know of any research or other cases that can help us prove the truth? Is there another LISTSERV with someone who could provide this information? Are there any experts out there we could talk to? Any suggestions you have would be appreciated!
We are trying to get the actual lab results (and will ask for a re-test of
the same samples), but the hospital has been very slow in giving us a
copy. She also had a surprise test which proved clear, but they discounted
these results because a 'drug-abuser would have expected a second test'.
We are now trying to prove the truth so my wife can keep her Nursing
license and her livelihood. Previous to this test, we thought these drug
tests were a good idea; as you can imagine, this experience has shaken that
belief somewhat. In fact, it has almost devastated our lives. Not only
did we move all our belongings there (at our own expense), established a
residence, etc., but the hospital reported her to the State Nursing Board
and nobody will hire her now that she has this 'record'. After 20 years of
experience and higher education (with absolutely NO drug abuse), she gets
this for eating two supermarket muffins for breakfast. The scary thig is
that this could happen to anyone....
Thanks VERY MUCH in advance for all your help!
****************************************
John J. Gibson
Director of Computing
Dean's Office
College of Business Administration
University of Northern Colorado
Greeley, CO 80639
Internet<EMAIL_ADDRESS>****************************************
=========================================================================
Date: Sep 1993
From: 'John J. Gibson'
Subject: Poppy Seed Update #1
Sender: Drug Abuse Education Information and Research
Hello Everyone,
I'm the source of last week's poppy seed disaster story - and I'm
finally back for the long haul. Being somewhat concerned that our
situation might be viewed as cluttering up your LISTSERV discussions, I was
happily surprised to see your many wonderful responses from the last week
or so. Thank you very much for all your help and the offers of continuing
interest and support. As a number of you have said, this situation is an
education for all of us - and an opportunity to somehow prevent others from
encountering a similar fate. I can assure you that we are committed to
seeing this thing through, not only to clear Laurie's name, but to change
the laws or at least to educate everyone as best we can. This is my first
update of what we've found out so far, in case it can be helpful to anyone
else. If this isn't appropriate for the whole LIST, please let me know and
I will mail these updates only to those who express an interest....
First, my apologies for the delay at getting back to all of you, but
Laurie's sister got married this past weekend and we were back East to
attend the wedding, make plans, etc. She is holding up pretty well, but
you can tell she still feels quite devastated by the entire unbelievable
situation. Laurie wanted me to thank you and she is following up on
much of the information and suggestions that you've sent me so far. She
doesn't have an Internet connection, but we are working on getting her one
so she can listen in and reply to you directly. The latest situation is
this, as best as we can understand it:
The hospital that 'fired' her because of this one test result is a private
business; the lawyers tell us that there is not much we can do through the
courts because, as a private concern, the hospital can do what they want as
long as they don't discriminate on the basis of sex, race, religion, etc.
If it was a public institution, she would have different rights. That's
lesson number one for anyone looking for employment or anyone in Congress
who really wants to make a difference. As an aside, we were pretty
discouraged at first because almost every major law firm in the city seemed
to be on retainer for this place; they quickly stated a 'conflict of
interest' to our inquiries and nervously hung up. It made us feel pretty
small and helpless....
The State Nursing Board is public, and so far they have returned some phone
calls, but have not given us much information about how long it will take
for them to give Laurie a chance to state her case (and the TRUTH). So the
lawyer has dispatched a letter to hasten this process, since nobody will
hire her while she is being 'investigated'. Meanwhile, we are hoping that
the hospital will give us the full lab test results, since they may help
show the truth; the hospital only reported the morphine levels to the
Nursing Board, not the other data needed to put them in perspective. We
would like to get Laurie's specimens sent to a lab whose analysis
carries some weight, if we can just get them to talk to us (its now been
almost three weeks). DOES ANYONE OUT THERE KNOW OF A LAB WHICH HAS AN
UNDISPUTED REPUTATION IN DRUG TESTING ANALYSIS AND ALSO HAS AN EXPERTISE IN
DIFFERENTIATING POPPY SEEDS FROM REAL MORPHINE ABUSE??? That would be a
perfect solution to this mess, if such a thing exists....
A number of you have suggested the ACLU, the press, etc. We are developing
a letter to the ACLU (they must be overwhelmed since we always get the
answering machine and they haven't return our calls). Whatever happens
with the legal system, we may eventually talk to anyone in the press
who will listen; people have to be educated about the dangers of drug
testing, especially if the government is unwilling to help protect innocent
people. We are gathering suggestions here, but we are not going to push it
until we've done our best to gather the facts and the support of any
experts who will help out.
One Nursing Association has asked Laurie for her suggestions of what the
proper drug testing procedure should be. Its a start; any professional
organization willing to listen (and perhaps eventually lend their support)
is very welcome indeed! ANY SUGGESTIONS OUT THERE ON PROPER PROCEDURES?
Laurie has confirmed that the hospital did NOT warn her of the foods not to
take (in advance of the test) and they did NOT even ask her what foods she
had taken the past 48 hours (when she took the test). Many organizations
seem to do this as standard procedure. A number of doctors have said the
recommended procedure on a positive morphine reading is to confirm the
findings only after a positive check for needle marks, eye color, etc.; the
hospital didn't do that either. What can one person do when an
organization uses these drug tests as THE ONLY proof, and doesn't follow
all the other recommended procedures? I guess you take your lumps like
Laurie and so many others have. (Lesson numer two for those seeking
employment).
A number of you have also asked if they did a GC/MS test once the EMIT gave
a positive reading, and you've asked what procedures were used. We have no
idea since nobody's talking at the hospital; we can't even find out which
labs did the testing. Its tough to prove the truth when the data is
unavailable.... (Lesson number three for anyone who has the power to
change the current status-quo).
Yes, the DOD did raise their morphine limit to 4000 from the suggested NIDA
levels because of their research on poppy seeds (that was published).
Laurie just talked to them and they've brought it down to 300 again
(we don't know exactly why; they may think they are missing some legitimate
drug abusers). Someone at the DOT said that they don't even ask questions
until you hit 2,000 (has this changed?). They said something like 'we
don't want to catch bagel-eaters; we want to catch drug abusers'. If this
is true, it appears we may have working pilots with readings near 2,000
while other people have lost their jobs over limits far below that level.
This is NOT a complaint, just an observation. But if this is true, the DOT
should be commended for a much more intelligent approach to drug testing
than other offices in the same federal government. CAN ANYONE DIRECT ME TO
INFORMATION ON JUST HOW NIDA ARRIVED AT ITS LEVEL OF 300 AS A LEGITIMATE
INDICATOR OF MORPHINE DRUG ABUSE??? We've also learned that American poppy
seeds are much LESS potent that pacific-variety poppy seeds. You
guessed it - the stores have confirmed that Laurie's muffins had poppy
seeds from Australia. Did these contain much higher levels of opiates than
the variety that NIDA used to arrive at their levels? We don't know. CAN
ANYONE AT NIDA HELP US OUT ON THIS?
We've learned that several legislators may be pursuing a solution to these
problems. Dingle from Michigan has done something, but his office doesn't
return Laurie's phone calls. We've just found out that Hatch from Utah and
Boren from Oklahoma are working on something, but we don't know exactly
what. A state legislator from Arizona actually personally called Laurie
and wanted all the facts we could give them. We were really impressed by
that. It is another reason why we are honestly trying to pursue the REAL
truth and find all the facts we can BEFORE we go public. We are not
interested in being trouble-makers; we just want all people to be treated
fairly. So we'll take any suggestions, off-the-record, from anyone who
feels in any kind of danger helping us out.
Finally, we don't really know yet, because we lack so many 'facts', WHAT or
WHO is responsible for Laurie's misfortune. It could be the Feds, the
State of Arizona, the Board of Nursing, the hospital, their insurance
company, their employee health doctor, the Director of Nursing, the human
resources department, all of them, and/or all of us. Its interesting
that the doctor refused to acknowledge that poppy seeds could have ANY
effect until Laurie gave him some articles. But that 300 is an absolute to
him; that's as much as he will consider, no matter what.  The Director of Nursing has recently been devastated by a
close friend and associate whose life suffered greatly because of her
hidden drug abuse; in the Director's eyes, that 300 is also quite
absolute - Laurie may always be guilty no matter what we finally prove to
be true (God himself would have trouble convincing her).
You would also think a nurse would know about the foods which give positive
drug readings, and I was very surprised Laurie did NOT know. We've since
found (unofficially, by an informal poll) that MOST nurses don't know.
Laurie specializes in critical care, and has seen her share of overdoses,
but never one from poppy seeds. And I would wager that is true for an even
greater percent of the general population. We do watch some news and read
the paper, but we can't remember ever coming across a similar story.
Neither one of us has ever taken a drug test in our lives and never gave
this one a second thought because we've been 'good'. Now we feel like the
innocent people who are given these tests are like cattle being led to
slaughter - without intelligent laws, reasonable guidelines, or some type
of education, improper (or misinterpreted) procedures have the potential of
ruining lives everywhere. But you folks already know that; I've learned
from your email that you've been at this awhile. I hope that one or two
items from this looonnggg note might be helpful to someone and/or the whole
field of study. I promise a much shorter note next time....
Best wishes,
John
****************************************
John J. Gibson
Director of Computing
Dean's Office
College of Business Administration
University of Northern Colorado
Greeley, CO 80639
Internet<EMAIL_ADDRESS>****************************************
=========================================================================
Date: Dec 1993
From: 'John J. Gibson'
Subject: Poppy Seed Update #2
Sender: Drug Abuse Education Information and Research
Hello Everyone,
Many of you asked us to keep you informed after the 'poppy seed
disaster story' several months ago; its time for the next
installment, and we have finally have some good news to report. In
a nutshell, an incredible series of events has culminated in the
State Nursing Board COMPLETELY dismissing the charges on Laura's
record. They have acknowledged that there was absolutely no proof
that she was a morphine abuser and that the test readings were
indeed possibly due to those poppy seed muffins bought at the local
supermarket....
We would like to thank all of you again for the many leads,
articles, referrals, suggestions, good wishes, opinions, etc. The
Internet community came through, and your feedback helped more than
you can know. Laura now has a huge stack of research and other
information which most definitely helped to speed her case, and may
someday help to advance appropriate legislation, educate the
public, and/or save someone else in a similar career-threatening
situation.
In case any of you run across a similar situation again, Laura's
experiences may prove helpful (and from what we've heard, she might
be one of the lucky ones). In the end, it was an interview with a
psychiatrist that eventually helped to break the case; as you will
see, it was necessary for Laura to carefully check several of these
doctors - a good one was not so easily found. The Board had told
Laura that it would be 6 to 8 months before they would get to her
case, due to the massive backlog of other cases. They also
mentioned that they could require a 'psychological assessment' when
they finally considered her story. However, after hearing this
story over the phone, a doctor at the recommended hospital insisted
on enrolling Laura in a $4,500 program (three days long) and made
a number of disturbing statements like 'you'd better not lie or I
will have to punish you.' Thinking that this might be the only
type of recourse to get her license back, Laura was devastated by
the conversation; she was obviously already being considered by the
medical community as 'guilty until proven innocent.' A neighbor
suggested that she call other psychiatrists, and she eventually
scheduled an interview and random drug testing with one whom (she
later found out) just happened to have a good reputation with the
Board. She really knew very little about this psychiatrist (there
were no referrals); but he recognized the truth and called the
Board after the initial session. The Board immediately made
Laura's case a high priority and an investigator met her two days
later; Laura's stack of research and contacts was by that time
complete enough to help establish her innocence, and the rest is
history....
There are many other interesting side-stories to this case. For
example, the Board had also called a toxicologist whom they
frequently used on such cases, and he just happened to have
attended a meeting where a number of these toxicologists
experimented on themselves by eating poppy seed bagels; most of the
group then tested over the 2,000 level for morphine (remember that
Laura's reported level was 1,017). Also, after much prodding, the
hospital finally gave Laura the results of the EMIT (which shows
only an approximate positive/negative reading). They said they had
to order the GC/MS report from the lab again because they 'only had
a phone report.' After much more prodding, we finally got a copy
of this report in mid-November; it turns out that the 1017 level
reported to State Boards was not accurate, since this second report
was over 1,400. We still wonder if this second test was really
done in August or if it was really completed more recently to
satisfy our requests. In the final analysis, however, this didn't
matter. Experts all over the country confirmed that levels over
1,000 could come from poppy seeds alone, especially Australian and
several other varieties (it is interesting to note here that the
supermarket acknowledged these particular poppy seeds came from
Australia; we've also learned that these potent seeds may have
originally been genetically bred for morphine production). The
hospital also refuses to give us the history of handling, and they
had not recorded any of the data taken on Laura's level of
dehydration at the time of the test.
Next, as far as we can tell, the hospital's Occupational Health
doctor (whose analysis everyone respected) did not follow official
federal government guidelines when considering the test data. In
fact, the AMA, ASAM, and AAMRO all recommend following these
guidelines, but private organizations are NOT required to do so.
This doctor did not try to find out if Laura's 1,000+ level was
possible from poppy seeds; the 300 level used by the EMIT was all
that mattered to him - IT was the final word. Official guidelines
say that the initial test results should be recognized as just one
indicator in many, that one must consider the whole picture: a
physical, second lab tests, and other clinical signs of abuse
should also be used in the analysis. We're not even sure if this
doctor had the education to know what guidelines exist to make
'accurate' judgements. We just know that his abrupt judgement in
this case caused the loss of a job and almost destroyed an entire
career. And we are told that private institutions, such as this
hospital, can continue to do these tests in whatever manner they
please; there are no laws to protect the innocent in drug testing.
More on guidelines: The Reagan Administration first required that
federal agencies establish drug detection programs - and that they
follow federal guidelines on the analysis of the results. The
administration also suggested that private organizations establish
similar programs because of potential losses due to drug abuse.
Unfortunately, for some reason, these private organizations were
NOT required to also follow the accompanying guidelines. We've
received a broad range of opinions on the pros and cons of drug
testing itself. Whatever you believe, it seems obvious to us that
if drug testing is going to be with us for a while, EVERY
organization should be REQUIRED to follow some type of intelligent
set of guidelines or regulations if they use drug testing
procedures. In fact, urinalysis might better be utilized as
confirmation of a positive reading in 'impairment testing,' since
urine drug tests do not necessarily reveal the level of a person's
impairment on the job, etc. You may be interested in a recent
'Viewpoint' guest editorial on impairment testing published in the
New York Times, Sunday, November 28, section F-11. As an aside,
we've heard that many of the same organizations who have stiff drug
testing programs do not test for perhaps the largest abuse problem
of all - alcohol; is this true?
Now that Laura has her Nursing License back, a few of you are bound
to ask 'what happened with the hospital?' We called the hospital
shortly after the Nursing Board's decision and found that the Board
had already informed them that Laura's record was cleared of all
charges. When asked what they thought about this, the hospital
replied 'this just proves that the system works.' Amazing. There
doesn't seem to be any recognition of what this event has done to
our lives and that it could easily have been prevented (one way the
system SHOULD work). In fact, the hospital also mentioned that
they feel they did most everything right. Their view now is that
poppy seeds may have indeed been the cause of Laura's positive test
results, but that nothing can really prove that morphine wasn't the
true cause. Laura will always be 'guilty until proven innocent' at
this hospital. And what about her job? Since early September,
they have advertised that position in the newspapers - and even on
the Internet. However, it has recently been canceled as a cost-
saving measure. After all the hospital's time and expense of
nationally recruiting for this position over the past year, we
can't help but wonder if there is another story we don't yet know
about....
There is another side to this situation, and in all fairness to the
hospital, they may be correct about inconclusive lab testing in
poppy seed cases. Unlike food combinations that cause positive
results on the EMIT (which can later be proven false by the GC/MS),
there is much disagreement about the ability of any test to show
the difference between eating poppy seeds and using morphine. The
BEST policy may be to just WARN people, well in advance, to steer
clear of poppy seeds before drug testing. We've heard that WalMart
gives their people a list of substances to avoid before such drug
tests are taken. If only the hospital had done that too! And as
far as we can tell, none of the other hospitals in the area do this
either. The hospital says a committee is now studying changing
their policy to warn people about poppy seeds before testing. They
also say they may require testing to be done before a job offer is
extended and families move their entire household to town (as in
our case). Great idea, folks! Its interesting to note that the
hospital said it can't understand why this same misfortune happens
to such a high percentage of out-of-state nurses. Perhaps they are
finally seeing the light. We wonder, however, if they really care
enough to follow through with their plans - to do so would
certainly be a step in the right direction.
Many people have encouraged us to initiate lawsuits against the
doctor, the hospital, the state, etc. The logic goes something
like 'not only could a lawsuit reimburse you for damages, but it
could initiate changes in the law to protect others from the same
fate.' This sounds great to us and we would love to proceed. It
is easy to see the doctor/hospital rationale; the reason for suing
the state would be to encourage an early initial hearing (e.g. a
few days) for those who are forced to put their livelihoods 'on
hold' while the Nursing Board sifts through 6 to 8 months of other
cases (in Colorado, for example, you have that right if your
driver's license is suspended and you have to wait a long time
before your case goes to court). Unfortunately, we've discovered
a number of problems in proceeding with a lawsuit. Laura has
talked to dozens of lawyers; most refuse to touch the case and the
few others recommend against it. Many of the major law firms are
already on retainer for the hospital; that's conflict of interest.
The other firms say that it will be a long, slow, expensive,
painful, and eventually fruitless process. Since drug-testing
sentiment is running high in Arizona (so close to the border),
almost any jury would agree with the view that 'the chance of
losing a few innocent people is much better for the public good
than the risk of hiring a drug abuser into the hospital
environment.' In the end, we would damage the cause and help prove
the hospital acted in the correct manner. Again, 'this just proves
that the system works.'
We've also been told that its too risky a case for lawyers with
political ambitions because it makes them extremely nervous to
handle a cause so contrary to public opinion. This might also
explain why the drug testing bills before Congress (which would
correct some of the loopholes) haven't been passed. Furthermore,
most of the real damage can't be measured. And the legal folks say
that Laura did too good a job of mitigating our damages for the
things that CAN be measured. Since our financial losses will
probably 'only' be $15,000 or so, no competent lawyer would look at
this volatile case for such a 'small sum of money' (we couldn't
afford to pay them anyway - that was all our savings and the down
payment for a house). Its been suggested that we find someone on
the national scene who is outraged by this situation, who has the
financial resources to proceed, and who does not have political
ambitions. As of yet, we have not found anyone like this with the
appropriate expertise. We've also tried a number of 'cause-based'
organizations with no success; however, they do wish us luck. The
state ACLU has not returned our calls (and is rumored to be almost
bankrupt); the national ACLU told us to talk to the state. So we
will probably send the state ACLU a report through the mail before
we finally give up on them. IF YOU HAVE ANY IDEAS - OR NAMES -
THAT COULD HELP HERE, PLEASE LET US KNOW. We still hope that
justice will somehow be served - for everyone's sake.
So what's next, you say? Laura is now writing a number of articles
for submission to journals in the hope that she can educate
professionals that her situation IS indeed possible. Once this
research is completed, we may also try popular media like NPR, 60
minutes, the Wall Street Journal, etc. hoping to educate the
working public that this could also happen to them. Since private
organizations aren't required to protect people from these types of
errors, people will probably have to look out for themselves. If
we do take this approach, a lawyer friend has warned us to 'report
only the facts, not your opinions' and to use a quality program so
we don't get sued over the report. Its a frustrating situation; we
don't have much left. But our friend has also made another
observation - we were really lucky when you think about it.
Somehow we were fortunate to connect with the right advice, sources
of information, expertise, etc., and Laura was skilled (from her
recent Master's program) in doing the needed research. We also had
a supportive network of friends whose spirit helped us to continue.
And we are now somewhat free to seek a new dream. Others may not
be so fortunate in a similar situation. So the challenge remains
to somehow correct the system....
And that's about it for now. We promised last time not to make
this next update too long, but we've done it again. We hope it
will be valuable to someone out there. Until the next update, we
will be trying to put our lives back together again - Laura is
still in Arizona but is looking nationwide for a job, John
(fortunately) is still making a living in Colorado, and we will
have to see where we end up. As promised, we aren't done yet; we
will share our story with almost anyone who will listen. You'll
hear from us again, if you would like to. As always, if you have
any other ideas or thoughts, please let us know; we would love to
hear from you. And thanks VERY MUCH again for everything!
Best Wishes,
John & Laura
****************************************
John J. Gibson
Director of Computing
Dean's Office
College of Business Administration
University of Northern Colorado
Greeley, CO 80639
Internet<EMAIL_ADDRESS>****************************************
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


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{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}Error.{% endblock %} {% block content %}
Chip and dale are on the way!


This site reads text from a QuickBase record and plays it as an audio voice message to a phone number.
You will need an account on Twilio and access to QuickBase.
From your Twillio account, you will need the 'Account SID', 'Auth Token' and the verified phone number that Twilio should use for outbound messages.
Use this form to test whether you have the right information to send voice messages.
Use this form to send bulk voice messages using a 'Pending Voice Messages' report in QuickBase.
The source code for this site is at https://github.com/garethlatwork/quickbase-voice-messages.


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Pytorch Implementation for Convolutional Neural Network Sentence Classification
This is a pytorch implementation for Convolutional Neural Networks for Sentence Classification.
Dimension Analysis for Netwrok Parameters. Dimension analysis is useful for Deep Learning. Especially, we need set up some parameters based on the output of previous layers. In this example, we need to set pooling kernel sizes based on output of CNN layer. Thus, how to correctly calculate `W_1, W_2` and `W_3` is an important step in following example.
Layers:.
1. Input. The input \(X\) is the mini-batch. `X = (N,L)`, where `N` is the size of mini-batch, `L` is the sentence length (i.e., number of words).
2. Embedding layer. x = self.embed(x)
. Input: `(N,L)`. Parameters: `(V,D)`. Output: `(N,L,D)`. For 2-D convolution, we reshape output to `(N,1,L,D)`.
3. CNN layer. x1 = F.relu(self.conv13(x)).
Input: `(N,1,L,D)`. Parameters: nn.Conv2d(self.Cin, self.Cout, (3, self.D))
, where self.Cin
=1, self.Cout
=`F` is the number of filters, 3 and self.D
is kernel_size. Output: `(N,F,W_1,1)`. The most important step is to calculate `W_1`, where `W_1 = 1 +(L + 2*pad - 3 )` and `1 =1+ (D + 2*pad - self.D )`. Because there are different kernel sizes, so the output should be `(N,F,W_1,1)`, `(N,F,W_2,1)`, and `(N,F,W_3,1)`.
4. Pooling layer. x1 = self.pool3(x1)
. Take kernel_size ([3, self.D
]) as an example, Input: `(N,F,W_1,1)`. Parameters: nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=[poolsize3,1], stride= 1)
, where poolsize3
`=W_1`. Because there are 3 kernel sizes, thus output: `(N,F,1,1)`, `(N,F,1,1)`, and `(N,F,1,1)`.
5. Concatenation layer. Input: `(N,F,1,1)`, `(N,F,1,1)`, and `(N,F,1,1)`. Output: `(N,3F)`.
6. Fully-connected layer. Input: `(N,3F)`, Parameters: `(3F,C)`, where `C` is the number of classes, Output: `(N,C)`.
Illustration of input and output:
Code
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torch.autograd import Variable
class CNN_Sentence_Classification(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, args):
super(CNN_Sentence_Classification, self).__init__()
self.args = args
self.V = args.embed_num
self.D = args.embed_dim
self.C = args.class_num
self.Cin = 1
self.Cout = args.kernel_num
self.Ks = args.kernel_sizes
self.L =args.sent_max
self.embed = nn.Embedding(self.V, self.D)
self.conv13 = nn.Conv2d(self.Cin, self.Cout, (3, self.D))
self.conv14 = nn.Conv2d(self.Cin, self.Cout, (4, self.D))
self.conv15 = nn.Conv2d(self.Cin, self.Cout, (5, self.D))
poolsize3 = 1+(self.L - self.Ks[0])
self.pool3 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=[poolsize3,1], stride= 1)
poolsize4 = 1 + (self.L - self.Ks[1])
self.pool4 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=[poolsize4, 1], stride=1)
poolsize5 = 1 + (self.L - self.Ks[2])
self.pool5 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=[poolsize5, 1], stride=1)
self.dropout = nn.Dropout(args.dropout)
self.fc1 = nn.Linear(len(self.Ks) * self.Cout, self.C)
def forward(self, x): # (N,L)
x = self.embed(x) # (N,L,D)
k1,k2,k3 = x.size()
x = x.view([k1,1,k2,k3]) # (N,1,L,D)
x1 = F.relu(self.conv13(x))
x1 = self.pool3(x1)
x2 = F.relu(self.conv14(x))
x2 = self.pool4(x2)
x3 = F.relu(self.conv15(x))
x3 = self.pool5(x3)
x = torch.cat((x1, x2, x3), 1)
k1,k2,k3,k4 = x.size()
x = x.view(k1,k2)
x = self.dropout(x) # (N,len(Ks)*Co)
logit = self.fc1(x) # (N,C)
return logit


5 February 2014 - On 4 February 2014, the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC) of China notified WHO of eight additional laboratory-confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus, including two deaths. .
Six of the cases are male. The age range is 4 to 84 years old. Cases were reported from Zhejiang (4), Guangdong (3) and Jiangsu (1). Three cases are currently in a critical condition, two cases are currently in a severe condition and one is currently in a mild condition. All cases are reported to have had a history of exposure to poultry or a live poultry market.
So far, there is no evidence of sustained human-to-human transmission.
The Chinese Government continues to take the following surveillance and control measures:
While the recent report of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus being detected in live poultry imported from the mainland to Hong Kong SAR, shows the potential for the virus to spread through live poultry, at this time there is no indication that international spread of avian influenza A(H7N9) has occurred through humans or animals.
Further sporadic human cases of A(H7N9) infection are expected in affected and possibly neighbouring areas, especially given expected increases in the trade and transport of poultry associated with the Lunar New Year.
WHO advises that travellers to countries with known outbreaks of avian influenza should avoid poultry farms, or contact with animals in live bird markets, or entering areas where poultry may be slaughtered, or contact with any surfaces that appear to be contaminated with faeces from poultry or other animals. Travellers should also wash their hands often with soap and water. Travellers should follow good food safety and good food hygiene practices.
WHO does not advise special screening at points of entry with regard to this event, nor does it currently recommend any travel or trade restrictions.
As always, a diagnosis of infection with an avian influenza virus should be considered in individuals who develop severe acute respiratory symptoms while travelling or soon after returning from an area where avian influenza is a concern.
WHO encourages countries to continue strengthening influenza surveillance, including surveillance for severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) and to carefully review any unusual patterns, in order to ensure reporting of human infections under the IHR (2005), and continue national health preparedness actions.


HOLA NITIANS!😃
In the midst of a monotonous journey of online classes, when an arduino board hits up the zeal to learn, the result is a whacking participation of students. This was a compact elucidation of Workshop conducted by the Society for Promotion of Electronics Culture (SPEC) for the freshers. Spec conducted a workshop on Arduino for IoT which witnessed 400+ registrations on December 24, 2020. The workshop was filled with enthusiasm of the freshmen and the excitement to learn and grow. Spec provided a hands-on experience with the projects and simulations and got various students interested in microcontrollers and Iot. The freshmen were made aware of every component. From basics of night light demonstration, blinking, servo and ultrasonic sensors students created a hands-on automatic hand sanitiser. The session was followed by a quiz based on the workshop and the winners are to be awarded in the SPEC Fest. It was exciting to witness the level of interaction of the students. Their queries were answered efficiently. Hence, with the proper management, support and collaboration of the team, the workshop was wrapped up in three hours, ending on an informative and refreshing note.
HOLA NITIANS!😃
“Start where you're, Use what you have, Do what you can."'With a similar maxim, a school webinar was coordinated by Team SPEC (Society for Promotion of Electronics Culture) on November 7 and November 8, 2020. The meeting was coordinated to edify the sprouting minds of the country with the impending tech and almost 100+ understudies of St.Luke's senior auxiliary School, Solan, Sacred heart Senior Secondary school, Dharamshala and Parmarth International School, Hamirpur Participated enthusiastically.This session began by presenting the students with the blasting universe of the most recent advancements like AI, ML Web Development, App Development, AR, VR and Cryptography by taking real time models. With an objective of evoking an eagerness in the impressionistic mind of the young blood we assisted them in realising their maximum efforts so that they can put forth this realisation to bring the technological revolution. To make the meeting more intuitive, the group additionally introduced some snappy clips over different projects they made, similar to insect bot, hand motion controlled versatile seat, AR applications, and so on.The meeting finished with the Q&A meeting in which a few students shared extraordinary thoughts which were valued by the group, and they were urged to seek after those thoughts.
HOLA NITIANS!😃
Curious to learn something about trending technologies? But don't really know where to start? Well, SPEC is back with an opportunity hard to ignore, to discover and comprehend new things.
 It will cover the major concepts of HTML, CSS, Bootstrap. If that's not exciting enough, you will also built a project using those very same concepts. So, don't miss out the opportunity to dive deep in the world of web development. Absorb the sense of advancement going around the world with us.
Be present at the designated place with your charged laptops. We also have some attractive stickers for all of you.
Hola peeps✨
Team SPEC organized a certified Machine Learning workshop in association with Coding Blocks.
The workshop covered the basics of Machine Learning including the various types of Machine Learning (supervised, unsupervised, reinforcement), optimization methods, Gradient Descent algorithm
200 students registered and attended the workshop. A game based on topics covered was conducted at the end of the day. Exciting goodies including stickers, T- shirts and diaries were distributed among the participants.
Greetings from Team SPEC.
If you think that the internet has changed your life, think again?
The Internet of Things is about to change it all over again !
Team SPEC is going to conduct a workshop on Internet of Things - which refers to physical connection of billions of devices to the internet
which can collect and share data to make our day to day lives simpler.
The workshop will enable the participants in learning the fundamental concepts of IoT and it's various applications in solving a wide range of engineering problems
from Home Automation to Self - Driving Cars.
It will teach how to access your NodeMCU via Blynk app and IFTTT, accessing sensor like
DHT, Ultrasonic over internet.
Thus you will become well-versed with one of the most trending topics in engineering world and can start building your own projects.
Hey Scholars!
Thinking Engineering life is just about exams and Viva's, well! Not at all!
There's a lot more to explore.
Ever thought of how Hardware and Software talk with each other?
Which language do they use for communication?
How does everything get automated?
Sounds crazy! right?
Want to know about these things?
Want to make your own projects related to this?
The solution is very simple!
Team SPEC is introducing a 2 day workshop on Arduino Uno, an open-source microcontroller development board.
To know more about this step out and join us for the workshop.
Data Science and Machine Learning is a growing field that is used when searching the web, placing ads, credit scoring, stock trading and for many other applications.
This data science workshop is an introduction to machine learning and algorithms.
You will develop a basic understanding of the principles of machine learning and derive practical solutions using predictive analytics. We will also examine why algorithms play an essential role in Big Data analysis.
To handle and analyze extremely large datasets using cutting edge open source tools and sophisticated data analysis algorithms, one has to be properly trained in Data Science.
Don't miss this opportunity as the knowledge and expertise of the skills is an added advantage for a better and competitive career
Hey fellas!
These might be some questions currently running in the minds of a few!
To help you get the answers Team SPEC in collaboration with PLACEMENT CELL of NITH presents you INTERNS TALK. It's an orientation om future prospects which include:
Do attend and clear all your doubts regarding both placements and internships!
Greetings everyone, Team Spec is presenting a workshop on C - A platform to learn and built your logics.
Although numerous computer languages are used for writing computer applications, the computer programming language, C, is the most popular language worldwide. Everything from microcontrollers to operating systems is written in C since it’s very flexible and versatile, allowing maximum control with minimal commands.
If you are interested in a career in computer programming, it would be wise to start by learning the C as your first programming language.
It will help build your logic development, understand concept of data structures, pointers, loops etc. Once learnt, C acts as a base from which you can move
onto other programminglanguages.
Hello freshers,Hope everyone is still in that energetic mode to learn and explore more about electronics culture.
Still confused with field of electronics?
Don't worry .... Team SPEC is here with it's very first open -for -all workshop on "Gate Simulation "--a logic to gate building and circuit designing intending to familiarize students with basic electronics along with a talk on career options available to you.
This is going to be a interactive session covering all the topics such as --
Creating their own projects has always been the fantasy of engineering students. Well, here is the chance to explore the basics of circuit designing.
Team SPEC is here with its workshop on "Developing Boards" which includes basic introduction to Arduino (an open-source microcontroller development board to read sensors and control things like motors and lights; which is very useful in creating various projects) along with sensor interfacing.


BHAKTI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
At.- Kathodara, Gadhpur Road, Kamrej,Surat., Kathodara - 394326
Visit Website| Teacher | Subject | Time |
|---|---|---|
| Abhi | English | 8:30 to 9:30 |
| Abhishek | Maths | 9:30 to 10:30 |
| Sagar | Scince | 10:30 to 11:30 |
| Student | Maths | Scince | Physics | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abhi | 55/60 | 50/60 | 50/60 | 155/180 |
| Abhishek | 50/60 | 50/60 | 50/60 | 150/180 |
| Sagar | 55/60 | 55/60 | 55/60 | 165/180 |


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LDC (Linguistic Data Consortium) Spoken Language Sampler - Second Release, LDC catalog number LDC2013S06 and ISBN 1-58563-653-3, contains samples from 20 different corpora published by LDC between 1996 and 2013.
The Linguistic Data Consortium at the University of Pennsylvania distributes a wide and growing assortment of resources for researchers, engineers and educators whose work is concerned with human languages. Historically, most linguistic resources were not generally available to interested researchers but were restricted to single laboratories or to a limited number of users. Inspired by the success of selected readily-available and well-known data sets, such as the Brown University text corpus, LDC was founded in 1992 to provide a new mechanism for large-scale corpus development and sharing of resources. With the support of its members, LDC is able to provide critical services to the language research community. These services include: maintaining the data archives, producing and distributing data via media or web downloads, negotiating intellectual property agreements with potential information providers and maintaining relations with other like-minded groups around the world.
Resources available from LDC (http://www.ldc.upenn.edu) include speech, text, video data and lexicons in multiple languages, as well as software tools to facilitate the use of corpus materials. For a complete view of LDC's publications, a searchable catalog is available at http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/Catalog/.
The LDC Spoken Language Sampler - Second Release provides speech and transcript samples and is designed to illustrate the variety and breadth of the resources available from the LDC Catalog. The sound files included in this release are excerpts that have been modified in various ways relative to the original data as published by LDC:
The link for the catalog number takes you to the catalog entry, and the link for the title will take you to further documentation for that corpus.
| LDC2013S05 | Greybeard | Greybeard is comprised of approximately 590 hours of English telephone conversation speech collected in October and November 2008 by LDC. The goal was to record new telephone conversations among subjects who had participated in one or more previous LDC telephone collections, from Switchboard-1 (1991) through the Mixer studies (2006). |
| LDC2013S04 | GALE Phase 2 Chinese Broadcast Conversation Speech | GALE Phase 2 Chinese Broadcast Conversation Speech is comprised of approximately 120 hours of Chinese speech from current events programming featuring interviews, call-in programs and roundtable discussions. |
| LDC2012S06 | Turkish Broadcast News Speech and Transcripts | Turkish Broadcast News Speech and Transcripts contains approximately 130 hours of Voice of America Turkish radio broadcasts and corresponding transcripts. |
| LDC2012S05 | USC-SFI MALACH Interviews and Transcripts English | USC-SFI MALACH Interviews and Transcripts English contains approximately 375 hours of interviews from 784 survivors of the Holocaust along with transcripts and other documentation. |
| LDC2012S04 | Malto Speech and Transcripts | Malto Speech and Transcripts contains approximately 8 hours of Malto speech data collected between 2005 and 2009 from 27 speakers (22 males, 5 females). Also included are accompanying transcripts, English translations and glosses for 6 hours of the collection. Malto is principally spoken in northeastern India and Bangladesh. |
| LDC2012S03 | Digital Archive of Southern Speech | Digital Archive of Southern Speech contains approximately 370 hours of American English speech data from 30 female speakers and 34 male speakers, along with associated metadata about the speakers and the recordings and maps in .jpeg format relating to the recording locations in the southern United States. |
| LDC2012S02 | TORGO Database of Dysarthric Articulation | TORGO contains approximately 23 hours of English speech data, accompanying transcripts and documentation from 8 speakers (5 males, 3 females) with cerebral palsy or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and from 7 speakers (4 males, 3 females) from a non-dysarthric control group. |
| LDC2011S08 | 2008 NIST Speaker Recognition Evaluation Test Set | 2008 NIST Speaker Recognition Evaluation Test Set contains 942 hours of multilingual telephone speech and English interview speech along with transcripts and other materials used as test data in the 2008 NIST Speaker Recognition Evaluation. |
| LDC2010S05 | Asian Elephant Vocalizations | Asian Elephant Vocalizations consists of 57.5 hours of audio recordings of vocalizations by Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) in the Uda Walawe National Park, Sri Lanka, of which 31.25 hours have been annotated. |
| LDC2010S01 | Fisher Spanish Speech | Fisher Spanish Speech consists of audio files covering roughly 163 hours of telephone speech from 136 native Caribbean Spanish and non-Caribbean Spanish speakers. |
| LDC2007S18 | CSLU Kids' Speech | Developed at Oregon State University's Center for Spoken Language Understanding, this corpus is a collection of spontaneous and prompted speech from 1100 children from Kindergarten through Grade 10. |
| LDC2007S15 | Nationwide Speech Project | A database of speech representing regional accents and dialects of the United States. |
| LDC2007S02 | Fisher Levantine Arabic | A collection of 279 Levantine Arabic telephone conversations and transcripts from speakers of several nationalities. |
| LDC2006S43 | Gulf Arabic Conversational Telephone Speech | Contains 975 telephone conversations from speakers across the Persian Gulf region and their transcriptions. |
| LDC2004S09 | NIST Meeting Pilot Corpus Speech | Collects speech and transcriptions from topical discussions in meeting settings including complete descriptive metadata and detailed descriptions of the physical environment in which the discussions took place. |
| LDC2003S05 | West Point Russian Speech | Utterances of sentences in Russian from 1,891 native and non-native speakers. |
| LDC2003S03 | Korean Telephone Speech | Collection of 100 telephone conversations between native Korean speakers and their transcriptions. |
| LDC2003S02 | Grassfields Bantu Fieldwork: Dschang Tone Paradigms | Tone paradigms from Yémba (Bamileke Dschang), a Bamileke (Grassfields Bantu) language spoken by 300,000+ people in Southwestern Cameroon. |
| LDC96S50 | CALLFRIEND Farsi | A corpus of 60 unscripted telephone calls between friends and acquaintances speaking in their native language, Farsi. |
| LDC96S37 | CALLHOME Japanese | A corpus of 120 unscripted telephone conversations between native Japanese speakers and a corpus of associated transcripts. |
Portions © 2013 Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania


SWEET AND LOWDOWN A film review by Steve Rhodes Copyright 1999 Steve Rhodes RATING (0 TO ****): ** 1/2
SWEET AND LOWDOWN, written and directed by Woody Allen, tells the story of Emmett Ray, the world's second greatest jazz guitarist. This legend in his time is played with boyish charm by Sean Penn. Told in talking-head documentary style by jazz historians, the movie paints a vivid portrait of an artist who never really existed.
Emmett, who fainted the two times he ever witnessed his better play, lives an itinerate lifestyle. He may be well known among jazz aficionados, but his propensity to show up for work drunk, late or not at all causes much grief for the owners of the clubs that book him. In order to get by, he does a little pimping on the side. He also steals, but that's just because he's a kleptomaniac.
One day, the relationship-challenged Emmett meets an unlikely date on the boardwalk, a laundry worker named Hattie (Samantha Morton). A homely, sad-sack of a woman, Hattie has no figure and no voice. She had lost the ability to speak due to an illness, and she can't even write legibly to compensate for it. Perhaps the only reason that Emmett is attracted to this woman, whom he ridicules as a "dumb, half-witted orphan," is that she likes sex as much as he.  She goes on the road with him, acting in the capacity of a wife, although they never marry.
Late in the story, Emmett is swept off his feet by a striking ex-debutante and would-be writer, Blanche (Uma Thurman). Blanche may have the looks that Hattie doesn't, but she shows neither the love nor the loyalty.
The stories are pleasant enough but not exactly compelling. Sometimes there are even different versions of the same story. Other times, a speaker will tell a story but question the veracity of the person he heard it from.
Thanks to Fei Zhao's radiant cinematography, the picture looks terrific. Shot in warm tones of burgundy and gold, the foreground contrasts nicely with the cold, gray, overcast skies. In a movie in which so little happens -- Emmett likes to wile away his time shooting rats at the dump and watching trains -- the visuals provide much of the enjoyment. The script is remarkably bereft of memorable lines and lacks much of Allen's signature comedic punch.
The movie's fatal mistake is the remarkably underwhelming playing by this putatively famous guitarist. Although the film's jazz background score is lush, Emmett's playing isn't. The song he plays most often isn't likely to wow audiences in the first place -- "I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles." Why couldn't they have come up with more impressive musical choices for such a jazz great? When Emmett plays, it's quite pleasant but rarely more than that.
SWEET AND LOWDOWN runs 1:35. It is rated PG-13 for sexual content and some substance abuse and would be fine for teenagers.
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Some text that people will think is awesome! Some text that people will think is awesome! Some text that people will think is awesome!
More test.
ButtonStop Number 2 for You!
To make something pretty, press and hold cmd + alt + shift + w + a + !
Regular Label
Radius Secondary Label
Round Alert Label
Success Label
Nullam quis risus eget urna mollis ornare vel eu leo. Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula, eget lacinia odio sem nec elit. Vestibulum id ligula porta felis euismod semper.
Nullam quis risus eget urna mollis ornare vel eu leo. Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula, eget lacinia odio sem nec elit. Vestibulum id ligula porta felis euismod semper.
It has an easy to override visual style, and is appropriately subdued.
It's a little ostentatious, but useful for important content.
| Table Header | Table Header | Table Header | Table Header |
|---|---|---|---|
| Content Goes Here | This is longer content Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. | Content Goes Here | Content Goes Here |
| Content Goes Here | This is longer Content Goes Here Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. | Content Goes Here | Content Goes Here |
| Content Goes Here | This is longer Content Goes Here Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. | Content Goes Here | Content Goes Here |
The tooltips can be positioned on the "tip-bottom", which is the default position, "tip-top" (hehe), "tip-left", or "tip-right" of the target element by adding the appropriate class to them. You can even add your own custom class to style each tip differently. On a small device, the tooltips are full width and bottom aligned.
I do not fear computers. I fear the lack of them. Maecenas faucibus mollis interdum. Aenean lacinia bibendum nulla sed consectetur.Isaac Asimov
The following text should describe the screen size you're using:
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The following text should describe the screen size you aren't using:
You are not on a small screen. You are not on a medium screen. You are not on a medium, large or xlarge screen. You are not on a medium or small screen.   You are not on a large, medium or small screen. You are not on a xlarge screen.
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Albany is the capital city of the U.S. state of New York, the seat of Albany County, and the central city of New York's Capital District.
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world.
Niagara Falls is the collective name for three waterfalls that straddle the international border between the Canadian province of Ontario and the U.S. state of New York.
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. The city is referred to as New York City or the City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part. A global power city, New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. The home of the United Nations Headquarters, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural capital of the world.
Buffalo is the second most populous city in the state of New York, after New York City. Located in Western New York on the eastern shores of Lake Erie and at the head of the Niagara River across from Fort Erie, Ontario, Buffalo is the seat of Erie County and the principal city of the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area, the largest in Upstate New York. Buffalo itself has a population of 261,310 (2010 Census) and the Buffalo–Niagara–Cattaraugus Combined Statistical Area is home to 1,215,826 residents.
Rochester is a city in Monroe County, New York, south of Lake Ontario in the United States. Known as The World's Image Center, it was also once known as The Flour City, and more recently as The Flower City, annually hosting the Lilac Festival. It is the county seat for Monroe County. Rochester's city population according to the 2010 census is approximately 210,565, making it New York's third most populous city after New York City and Buffalo.
| Name | Nationality | Field | Nobel Prize(s) | Years | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albert Einstein | German, American | Physics | Physics, 1921 | 1879-1955 | A German-born theoretical physicist who developed the general theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics). While best known for his mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc2 (which has been dubbed "the world's most famous equation"), he received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect". The latter was pivotal in establishing quantum theory. |
| Marie Curie | Polish, French | Physics, Chemistry | Physics, 1903; Chemistry, 1911 | 1867-1934 | A physicist and chemist, working mainly in France, who is famous for her pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the only woman to win in two fields, and the only person to win in multiple sciences. She was also the first female professor at the University of Paris (La Sorbonne), and in 1995 became the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in Paris' Panthéon. Her achievements included a theory of radioactivity (a term that she coined), techniques for isolating radioactive isotopes, and the discovery of two elements, polonium and radium. |
| Nikola Tesla | Serbian, American | Electrical engineering | 1856-1943 | Inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, physicist, and futurist best known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current (AC) electrical supply system. Tesla started working in the telephony and electrical fields before emigrating to the United States in 1884 to work for Thomas Edison. His patented AC induction motor and transformer were licensed by George Westinghouse. Tesla is also known for his high-voltage, high-frequency power experiments, for his X-ray experiments, and for his ill-fated attempt at intercontinental wireless transmission in his unfinished Wardenclyffe Tower project.  Because of his pronouncements and the nature of his work over the years, Tesla gained a reputation in popular culture as the archetypal "mad scientist". | |
| Louis Pasteur | French | Chemistry, microbiology | 1822-1895 | A French chemist and microbiologist who was one of the most important founders of medical microbiology. He is remembered for his remarkable breakthroughs in the causes and preventions of diseases. His discoveries reduced mortality from puerperal fever, and he created the first vaccines for rabies and anthrax. His experiments supported the germ theory of disease. He was best known to the general public for inventing a method to treat milk and wine in order to prevent it from causing sickness, a process that came to be called pasteurization. | |
| Neil deGrasse Tyson | American | Astrophysics, physical cosmology | 1958-present | An astrophysicist and science communicator at the Hayden Planetarium at the Rose Center for Earth and Space and a research associate in the department of astrophysics at the American Museum of Natural History. From 2006 to 2011 he hosted the educational science television show NOVA ScienceNow on PBS and has been a frequent guest on talk shows. Tyson's research has focused on observations in cosmology, evolution, galactic astronomy and stellar formation. He has held numerous positions at institutions including University of Maryland, Princeton University, the American Museum of Natural History, and Hayden Planetarium. |
Albany is the capital city of the U.S. state of New York, the seat of Albany County, and the central city of New York's Capital District.
Albany saw its first European settlement in 1614 on November Second and was officially chartered as a city in 1686. It became the capital of New York in 1797. It is one of the oldest surviving settlements from the original thirteen colonies, and the longest continuously chartered city in the United States.
Modern Albany was founded as the Dutch trading posts of Fort Nassau in 1614 and Fort Orange in 1624; the fur trade brought in a population that settled around Fort Orange and founded a village called Beverwijck. The English took over and renamed the city Albany in 1664, in honor of the then Duke of Albany, the future James II of England and James VII of Scotland. The city was officially chartered in 1686 with the issuance of the Dongan Charter, the oldest effective city charter in the United States and possibly the longest-running instrument of municipal government in the Western Hemisphere.
Albany is one of the first cities in the world to have installed public water mains, sewer lines, natural gas lines and electricity, bringing substantial new industry to the city and surrounding area during the 19th century. During the late 18th century and throughout most of the 19th, Albany was a center of transportation. It is located on the north end of the navigable Hudson River, was the original eastern terminus of the Erie Canal, and was home to some of the earliest railroad systems in the world. Albany's main exports at the time were beer, lumber, published works, and ironworks. Beginning in 1810, Albany was one of the ten most populous cities in the United States, a distinction that it held until the 1860 census.
Saratoga is a town in Saratoga County, New York, United States. It is located on the eastern border of the county and is located east of Saratoga Springs, and is bordered by Saratoga Lake and the Hudson River.
Saratoga is a corruption of an Indian word from the Mohawk language. It was the name of Indian hunting grounds located along both sides of the Hudson River where in the Indian Tongue 'Se-rach-ta-gue' meant 'the hillside country of the quiet river.'
Saratoga is located on the eastern border of the county and is located east of Saratoga Springs, and is bordered by Saratoga Lake and the Hudson River.
The location was first settled at the end of the 17th Century as "Fort Saratoga". It soon became contested land between British and French colonial forces, and the village of Saratoga (now Schuylerville) was destroyed by the French in 1745 during King George's War.
Schenectady is a city in Schenectady County, New York, of which it is the county seat. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 66,135. The name "Schenectady" is derived loosely from a Mohawk word for "on that side of the pinery," or "near the pines," or "place beyond the pine plains."
It is in eastern New York, near the confluence of the Mohawk and Hudson Rivers. It is in the same metropolitan area as the state capital, Albany, about 19 miles (31 km) south-east.
When first encountered by Europeans, the area that is now Schenectady was the land of the Mohawk nation of the Iroquois Confederacy. When Dutch settlers arrived in the Hudson Valley in the 17th century, the Mohawk called the settlement at Fort Orange (present day Albany, NY) Schau-naugh-ta-da, meaning "over the pine plains." Eventually, this word entered the lexicon of the Dutch settlers, but the meaning was reversed, and the name referred to the bend in the Mohawk River where the city lies today.
Schenectady was first settled by Europeans in 1661 when the area was part of the Dutch colony of New Netherland. Settlement was led by Arent van Curler, a prominent figure in the colony who had emigrated from Nijkerk in the Netherlands, after purchase from the Mohawk Nation. Some of the Dutch brought African slaves to the region as laborers, as did the later English. In 1664 the English seized the Dutch colony and renamed it New York. Settlers purchased additional land from the Mohawk in 1670 and 1672. Twenty years later (1684) Governor Thomas Dongan granted letters patent for Schenectady to five trustees.
You can control all the details for you tour stop. Any valid HTML will work inside of Joyride.
Get the details right by styling Joyride with a custom stylesheet!
It works as a modal too!
Reveal makes these very easy to summon and dismiss. The close button is simply an anchor with a unicode character icon and a class of close-reveal-modal
. Clicking anywhere outside the modal will also dismiss it.
Finally, if your modal summons another Reveal modal, the plugin will handle that for you gracefully.
×Reveal makes these very easy to summon and dismiss. The close button is simply an anchor with a unicode character icon and a class of close-reveal-modal
. Clicking anywhere outside the modal will also dismiss it.
Finally, if your modal summons another Reveal modal, the plugin will handle that for you gracefully.
×


Author: Manuel Innerhofer - clerezza.org
Date: June 24, 2009
This is a launcher for the clerezza platform. It uses Mulgara as
rdf storage. For further information on how to use this launcher read
the documentation of the storageless launcher under
http://clerezza.org/projects/org.apache.clerezza.platform.launcher.storageless/


| Module | WillPaginate |
| In: |
lib/will_paginate/collection.rb
(CVS)
lib/will_paginate/finder.rb (CVS) lib/will_paginate/view_helpers.rb (CVS) lib/will_paginate.rb (CVS) |
First read about WillPaginate::Finder::ClassMethods, then see WillPaginate::ViewHelpers. The magical array you‘re handling in-between is WillPaginate::Collection.
Happy paginating!
shortcut for enable_actionpack; enable_activerecord
# File lib/will_paginate.rb, line 13 def enable enable_actionpack enable_activerecord end
mixes in WillPaginate::ViewHelpers in ActionView::Base
# File lib/will_paginate.rb, line 19 def enable_actionpack return if ActionView::Base.instance_methods.include? 'will_paginate' require 'will_paginate/view_helpers' ActionView::Base.class_eval { include ViewHelpers } if defined?(ActionController::Base) and ActionController::Base.respond_to? :rescue_responses ActionController::Base.rescue_responses['WillPaginate::InvalidPage'] = :not_found end end
mixes in WillPaginate::Finder in ActiveRecord::Base and classes that deal with associations
# File lib/will_paginate.rb, line 31 def enable_activerecord return if ActiveRecord::Base.respond_to? :paginate require 'will_paginate/finder' ActiveRecord::Base.class_eval { include Finder } # support pagination on associations a = ActiveRecord::Associations returning([ a::AssociationCollection ]) { |classes| # detect http://dev.rubyonrails.org/changeset/9230 unless a::HasManyThroughAssociation.superclass == a::HasManyAssociation classes << a::HasManyThroughAssociation end }.each do |klass| klass.class_eval do include Finder::ClassMethods alias_method_chain :method_missing, :paginate end end end
Enable named_scope, a feature of Rails 2.1, even if you have older Rails (tested on Rails 2.0.2 and 1.2.6).
You can pass false for patch parameter to skip monkeypatching associations. Use this if you feel that named_scope broke has_many, has_many :through or has_and_belongs_to_many associations in your app. By passing false, you can still use named_scope in your models, but not through associations.
# File lib/will_paginate.rb, line 59 def enable_named_scope(patch = true) return if defined? ActiveRecord::NamedScope require 'will_paginate/named_scope' require 'will_paginate/named_scope_patch' if patch ActiveRecord::Base.class_eval do include WillPaginate::NamedScope end end


C program development phases
1) Editing the program
2) Preprocessing
3) Compiling
4) Linker
5) Loading
6) Execution
C adds a preprocessing step to the program creation process. The C preprocessor acts upon special instructions that can be contained in the C source code. These special preprocessor instructions are called preprocessor directives. These are #include, #ifndef, #define, and #endif.
The second item of interest is the assembly code file and assembler step shown at the bottom. Program routines can be created in other languages and compiled into object modules and then later linked with object modules created with C. This is often referred to as mixed-language programming.
Computers don’t understand C or any other programming language. They understand only machine language.
Three programs are used to translate your source code into an executable file that the computer can run. These programs are, in their order of appearance:
Preprocessor
Compiler
Linker
Preprocessor
The preprocessor is a program that scans the source code for preprocessor directives such as include directives. The preprocessor inserts into the source code all files included by the include directives.
In this example, the stdio standard library file is included by an include directive. Therefore, the preprocessor directive inserts the contents of that standard library file, including its definition of the printf object, into the source code file.
Compiler
The compiler is another program that translates the preprocessed source code (the source code after the insertions made by the preprocessor) into corresponding machine language instructions, which are stored in a separate file, called an object file, having an .obj extension. There are different compilers for different programming languages, but the purpose of the compiler is essentially the same, the translation of a programming language into machine language, no matter which programming language is involved.
The compiler can understand your code and translate it into machine language only if your code is in the proper syntax for that programming language. C, like other programming languages, and indeed most human languages, has rules for the spelling of words and for the grammar of statements. If there is a syntax error, then the compiler cannot translate your code into machine language instructions, and instead will call your attention to the syntax errors. Thus, in a sense, the compiler acts as a spell checker and grammar checker.
Linker
While the object file has machine language instructions, the computer cannot run the object file as a program. The reason is that C also needs to use another code library, called the run-time library, for common operations, such as the translation of keyboard input or the ability to interact with external hardware such as the monitor to display a message.
The linker is a third program that combines the object file with the necessary parts of the run-time library. The result is the creation of an executable file with an .exe extension. The computer runs this file to display “Hello World!” on the screen.
C program development phases
About C program development phases:
1) first you need to edit your code and save it in .c format .
2) Then you need to preprocess and compile a C program.
The programmer gives the command to compile the program. In a C system, a preprocessor program executes automatically before the compiler’s translation phase begins (so we call preprocessing phase 2 and compiling phase 3). The C preprocessor obeys commands called preprocessor directives, which indicate that certain manipulations are to be performed on the program before compilation. These manipulations usually include other text files to be compiled and perform various text replacements.
3) Then linking happens. C programs typically contain references to functions and data defined elsewhere, such as in the standard libraries or in the private libraries of groups of programmers working on a particular project. The object code produced by the C compiler typically contains “holes” due to these missing parts. A linker links the object code with the code for the missing functions to produce an executable image (with no missing pieces). If the program compiles and links correctly, an executable image is produced.
4) The next step is loading. called loading. Before a program can be executed, it must first be placed in memory. This is done by the loader, which takes the executable image from disk and transfers it to memory. Additional components from shared libraries that support the program are also loaded.
5) The final step is execution . Finally, the computer, under the control of its CPU, executes the program one instruction at a time.
Programs do not always work on the first try. Each of the preceding phases can fail because of various errors. For example, an executing program might attempt to divide by zero (an illegal operation for whole-number arithmetic in C). This would cause the C program to display an error message. If this occurs, you would have to return to phase-1 for editing, make the necessary corrections and proceed through the remaining phases again to determine that the corrections fix the problem(s).
Most programs in C input and/or output data. Certain C functions take their input from scanf , which is normally the keyboard, but scanf can be redirected to another device. Data is often output to printf , which is normally the computer screen, but printf can be redirected to another device. When we say that a program prints a result, we normally mean that the result is displayed on a screen. Data may be output to other devices, such as disks and hardcopy printers. There is also a standard error stream referred to as cerr. The cerr stream (normally connected to the screen) is used for displaying error messages. It is common for users to assign printf to a device other than the screen while keeping cerr assigned to the screen, so that normal outputs are separated from errors.
Type of Errors
There are can be some scenaries when something goes wrong .
You can have such types of error
- Compile (time)
- Runtime error
- Logic error
The first type of error ,it is when compilation of your program tooks a lot of time or you have syntax error ,which you need to fix .
The second type of error , when your program terminated immediately . It can be if you divided on zero , or allocated to the wrong memory adress or trying to access an element that does not exist in memory or you are using a lot of memory, an infinite loop or recursion problem, etc.
The last one type of error ,when your program works incorrectly and doesn't work as you want .


Key:
Value 1:
Value 2:
Value 3:
Set Value Set key-value pair.
Delete Key Delete key-value by key.
Get Key Get key-value by key.


My Albums
The Jimi Hendrix Experience - Are You Experienced
The White Stripes - White Blood Cells
The Black Keys - Thickfreakness


About Benjamin
"I am 30 years old and was born in New York in the USA!"
"I love keeping fit and spending time with my beautiful Girlfriend Lauren."
"I like to go out for a coffee and explore all of the amazing sights in my home town of Edinburgh!"


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Man Saved From Jumping Into Lagos Lagoon By RRS Operatives
The operatives said when he was interviewed, the young man “sounded incoherent.”
by SaharaReporters, New York
Operatives of the Rapid Response Squad have rescued a young man, who attempted to jump into the Lagos lagoon.
In a tweet via @rrslagos767, RRS disclosed that the incident happened on the Third Mainland Bridge.
The operatives said when he was interviewed, the young man “sounded incoherent.”
“He has been taken to Adekunle Police Station for his family to be contacted,” the tweet added.