IP
Section: Linux (8)Updated: 17 January 2002
Index Return to Main Contents
NAME
ip - show / manipulate routing, devices, policy routing and tunnelsSYNOPSIS
ip
[ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND |
help }
OBJECT := {
link | addr | addrlabel | route | rule | neigh | tunnel | maddr | mroute | monitor }
OPTIONS := {
-V[ersion] |
-s[tatistics] |
-r[esolve] |
-f[amily] {
inet | inet6 | ipx | dnet | link } |
-o[neline] }
ip link set DEVICE
{ up | down | arp { on | off } |
promisc { on | off } |
allmulticast { on | off } |
dynamic { on | off } |
multicast { on | off } |
txqueuelen
PACKETS |
name
NEWNAME |
address
LLADDR |
broadcast
LLADDR |
mtu
MTU |
netns
PID |
alias
NAME |
vf
NUM [
mac
LLADDR ] [
vlan
VLANID [
qos
VLAN-QOS ] ] [
rate
TXRATE ]
}
ip link show
[ DEVICE ]
ip addr { add | del }
IFADDR dev STRING
ip addr { show | flush } [ dev
STRING ] [
scope
SCOPE-ID ] [
to
PREFIX ] [ FLAG-LIST ] [
label
PATTERN ]
IFADDR := PREFIX | ADDR
peer
PREFIX [
broadcast
ADDR ] [
anycast
ADDR ] [
label
STRING ] [
scope
SCOPE-ID ]
SCOPE-ID :=
[ host | link | global |
NUMBER ]
FLAG-LIST := [ FLAG-LIST ] FLAG
FLAG :=
[ permanent | dynamic | secondary | primary | tentative | deprecated ]
ip addrlabel { add | del } prefix
PREFIX [
dev
DEV ] [
label
NUMBER ]
ip addrlabel { list | flush }
ip route {
list | flush }
SELECTOR
ip route get
ADDRESS [
from ADDRESS iif STRING
] [ oif
STRING ] [
tos
TOS ]
ip route { add | del | change | append | replace | monitor }
ROUTE
SELECTOR :=
[ root
PREFIX ] [
match
PREFIX ] [
exact
PREFIX ] [
table
TABLE_ID ] [
proto
RTPROTO ] [
type
TYPE ] [
scope
SCOPE ]
ROUTE := NODE_SPEC [ INFO_SPEC ]
NODE_SPEC := [ TYPE ] PREFIX [
tos
TOS ] [
table
TABLE_ID ] [
proto
RTPROTO ] [
scope
SCOPE ] [
metric
METRIC ]
INFO_SPEC := NH OPTIONS FLAGS [
nexthop
NH ] ...
NH := [
via
ADDRESS ] [
dev
STRING ] [
weight
NUMBER ] NHFLAGS
OPTIONS := FLAGS [
mtu
NUMBER ] [
advmss
NUMBER ] [
rtt
TIME ] [
rttvar
TIME ] [
window
NUMBER ] [
cwnd
NUMBER ] [
initcwnd
NUMBER ] [
ssthresh
REALM ] [
realms
REALM ] [
rto_min
TIME ]
TYPE := [
unicast | local | broadcast | multicast | throw | unreachable | prohibit | blackhole | nat ]
TABLE_ID := [
local| main | default | all |
NUMBER ]
SCOPE := [
host | link | global |
NUMBER ]
FLAGS := [
equalize ]
NHFLAGS := [
onlink | pervasive ]
RTPROTO := [
kernel | boot | static |
NUMBER ]
ip rule
[ list | add | del | flush ]
SELECTOR ACTION
SELECTOR := [
from
PREFIX ] [
to
PREFIX ] [
tos
TOS ] [
fwmark
FWMARK[/MASK] ] [
dev
STRING ] [
pref
NUMBER ]
ACTION := [
table
TABLE_ID ] [
nat
ADDRESS ] [
prohibit | reject | unreachable ] [ realms
[SRCREALM/]DSTREALM ]
TABLE_ID := [
local | main | default |
NUMBER ]
ip neigh { add | del | change | replace } {
ADDR [
lladdr
LLADDR ] [
nud { permanent | noarp | stale | reachable } ] | proxy
ADDR } [
dev
DEV ]
ip neigh { show | flush } [ to
PREFIX ] [
dev
DEV ] [
nud
STATE ]
ip tunnel { add | change | del | show | prl }
[ NAME ]
[ mode
MODE ] [
remote
ADDR ] [
local
ADDR ]
[ [i|o]seq ] [ [i|o]key
KEY ] [
[i|o]csum ] ]
[ encaplimit
ELIM ]
[ ttl
TTL ]
[ tos
TOS ] [
flowlabel
FLOWLABEL ]
[ prl-default
ADDR ] [
prl-nodefault
ADDR ] [
prl-delete
ADDR ]
[ [no]pmtudisc ]
[ dev
PHYS_DEV ]
[ dscp inherit ]
MODE :=
{ ipip | gre | sit | isatap | ip6ip6 | ipip6 | any }
ADDR := { IP_ADDRESS |
any }
TOS := { NUMBER |
inherit }
ELIM := {
none |
0..255 }
TTL := { 1..255 |
inherit }
KEY := { DOTTED_QUAD | NUMBER }
TIME := NUMBER[s|ms|us|ns|j]
ip maddr [ add | del ]
MULTIADDR dev STRING
ip maddr show [ dev
STRING ]
ip mroute show [
PREFIX ] [
from
PREFIX ] [
iif
DEVICE ]
ip monitor [ all |
LISTofOBJECTS ]
ip xfrm
XFRM_OBJECT { COMMAND }
XFRM_OBJECT := { state | policy | monitor }
ip xfrm state { add | update }
ID [
XFRM_OPT ]
[ mode
MODE ]
[ reqid
REQID ]
[ seq
SEQ ]
[ replay-window
SIZE ]
[ flag
FLAG-LIST ]
[ encap
ENCAP ]
[ sel
SELECTOR ]
[
LIMIT-LIST ]
ip xfrm state allocspi
ID
[ mode
MODE ]
[ reqid
REQID ]
[ seq
SEQ ]
[ min
SPI
max
SPI ]
ip xfrm state { delete | get }
ID
ip xfrm state { deleteall | list } [
ID ]
[ mode
MODE ]
[ reqid
REQID ]
[ flag
FLAG_LIST ]
ip xfrm state flush [ proto
XFRM_PROTO ]
ip xfrm state count
ID :=
[ src
ADDR ]
[ dst
ADDR ]
[ proto
XFRM_PROTO ]
[ spi
SPI ]
XFRM_PROTO :=
[ esp | ah | comp | route2 | hao ]
MODE :=
[ transport | tunnel | ro | beet ]
(default=transport)
FLAG-LIST :=
[ FLAG-LIST ] FLAG
FLAG :=
[ noecn | decap-dscp | wildrecv ]
ENCAP := ENCAP-TYPE SPORT DPORT OADDR
ENCAP-TYPE :=
espinudp
|
espinudp-nonike
ALGO-LIST := [
ALGO-LIST ] | [
ALGO ]
ALGO :=
ALGO_TYPE
ALGO_NAME
ALGO_KEY
ALGO_TYPE :=
[ enc | auth | comp ]
SELECTOR :=
src
ADDR[/PLEN]
dst
ADDR[/PLEN]
[ UPSPEC ]
[ dev
DEV ]
UPSPEC :=
proto
PROTO [[
sport
PORT ]
[ dport
PORT ] |
[ type
NUMBER ]
[ code
NUMBER ]]
LIMIT-LIST := [ LIMIT-LIST ] |
[ limit
LIMIT ]
LIMIT :=
[ [time-soft|time-hard|time-use-soft|time-use-hard]
SECONDS ] |
[ [byte-soft|byte-hard]
SIZE ] |
[ [packet-soft|packet-hard]
COUNT ]
ip xfrm policy { add | update } dir
DIR
SELECTOR [
index
INDEX ]
[ ptype
PTYPE ]
[ action
ACTION ]
[ priority
PRIORITY ]
[ LIMIT-LIST ] [
TMPL-LIST ]
ip xfrm policy { delete | get } dir
DIR [ SELECTOR |
index
INDEX
]
[ ptype
PTYPE ]
ip xfrm policy { deleteall | list }
[ dir
DIR ] [
SELECTOR ]
[ index
INDEX ]
[ action
ACTION ]
[ priority
PRIORITY ]
ip xfrm policy flush
[ ptype
PTYPE ]
ip xfrm count
PTYPE :=
[ main | sub ]
(default=main)
DIR :=
[ in | out | fwd ]
SELECTOR :=
src
ADDR[/PLEN]
dst
ADDR[/PLEN] [ UPSPEC
] [ dev
DEV ]
UPSPEC :=
proto
PROTO [
[ sport
PORT ]
[ dport
PORT ] |
[ type
NUMBER ]
[ code
NUMBER ] ]
ACTION :=
[ allow | block ]
(default=allow)
LIMIT-LIST :=
[
LIMIT-LIST ] |
[ limit
LIMIT ]
LIMIT :=
[ [time-soft|time-hard|time-use-soft|time-use-hard]
SECONDS ] |
[ [byte-soft|byte-hard]
SIZE ] |
[packet-soft|packet-hard]
NUMBER ]
TMPL-LIST :=
[
TMPL-LIST ] |
[ tmpl
TMPL ]
TMPL :=
ID [
mode
MODE ]
[ reqid
REQID ]
[ level
LEVEL ]
ID :=
[ src
ADDR ]
[ dst
ADDR ]
[ proto
XFRM_PROTO ]
[ spi
SPI ]
XFRM_PROTO :=
[ esp | ah | comp | route2 | hao ]
MODE :=
[ transport | tunnel | beet ]
(default=transport)
LEVEL :=
[ required | use ]
(default=required)
ip xfrm monitor [ all |
LISTofOBJECTS ]
OPTIONS
- -V, -Version
-
print the version of the
ip
utility and exit.
- -s, -stats, -statistics
-
output more information. If the option
appears twice or more, the amount of information increases.
As a rule, the information is statistics or some time values.
- -f, -family
-
followed by protocol family identifier:
inet, inet6
or
link
,enforce the protocol family to use. If the option is not present,
the protocol family is guessed from other arguments. If the rest
of the command line does not give enough information to guess the
family,
ip
falls back to the default one, usually
inet
or
any.
link
is a special family identifier meaning that no networking protocol
is involved.
- -4
-
shortcut for
-family inet.
- -6
-
shortcut for
-family inet6.
- -0
-
shortcut for
-family link.
- -o, -oneline
-
output each record on a single line, replacing line feeds
with the
'\'
character. This is convenient when you want to count records
with
wc(1)
or to grep(1) the output. - -r, -resolve
-
use the system's name resolver to print DNS names instead of
host addresses.
IP - COMMAND SYNTAX
OBJECT
- link
-
- network device.
- address
-
- protocol (IP or IPv6) address on a device.
- addrlabel
-
- label configuration for protocol address selection.
- neighbour
-
- ARP or NDISC cache entry.
- route
-
- routing table entry.
- rule
-
- rule in routing policy database.
- maddress
-
- multicast address.
- mroute
-
- multicast routing cache entry.
- tunnel
-
- tunnel over IP.
- xfrm
-
- framework for IPsec protocol.
The names of all objects may be written in full or abbreviated form, f.e. address is abbreviated as addr or just a.
COMMAND
Specifies the action to perform on the object. The set of possible actions depends on the object type. As a rule, it is possible to add, delete and show (or list ) objects, but some objects do not allow all of these operations or have some additional commands. The help command is available for all objects. It prints out a list of available commands and argument syntax conventions.
If no command is given, some default command is assumed. Usually it is list or, if the objects of this class cannot be listed, help.
ip link - network device configuration
link is a network device and the corresponding commands display and change the state of devices.
ip link set - change device attributes
- dev NAME (default)
-
NAME
specifies network device to operate on. When configuring SR-IOV Virtual Fuction
(VF) devices, this keyword should specify the associated Physical Function (PF)
device.
- up and down
-
change the state of the device to
UP
or
DOWN.
- arp on or arp off
-
change the
NOARP
flag on the device.
- multicast on or multicast off
-
change the
MULTICAST
flag on the device.
- dynamic on or dynamic off
-
change the
DYNAMIC
flag on the device.
- name NAME
-
change the name of the device. This operation is not
recommended if the device is running or has some addresses
already configured.
- txqueuelen NUMBER
- txqlen NUMBER
-
change the transmit queue length of the device.
- mtu NUMBER
-
change the
MTU
of the device.
- address LLADDRESS
-
change the station address of the interface.
- broadcast LLADDRESS
- brd LLADDRESS
- peer LLADDRESS
-
change the link layer broadcast address or the peer address when
the interface is
POINTOPOINT.
- netns PID
-
move the device to the network namespace associated with the process
PID.
- alias NAME
-
give the device a symbolic name for easy reference.
- vf NUM
-
specify a Virtual Function device to be configured. The associated PF device
must be specified using the
dev
parameter.
mac LLADDRESS - change the station address for the specified VF. The vf parameter must be specified.
vlan VLANID - change the assigned VLAN for the specified VF. When specified, all traffic sent from the VF will be tagged with the specified VLAN ID. Incoming traffic will be filtered for the specified VLAN ID, and will have all VLAN tags stripped before being passed to the VF. Setting this parameter to 0 disables VLAN tagging and filtering. The vf parameter must be specified.
qos VLAN-QOS - assign VLAN QOS (priority) bits for the VLAN tag. When specified, all VLAN tags transmitted by the VF will include the specified priority bits in the VLAN tag. If not specified, the value is assumed to be 0. Both the vf and vlan parameters must be specified. Setting both vlan and qos as 0 disables VLAN tagging and filtering for the VF.
rate TXRATE - change the allowed transmit bandwidth, in Mbps, for the specified VF. Setting this parameter to 0 disables rate limiting. The vf parameter must be specified.
Warning: If multiple parameter changes are requested, ip aborts immediately after any of the changes have failed. This is the only case when ip can move the system to an unpredictable state. The solution is to avoid changing several parameters with one ip link set call.
ip link show - display device attributes
- dev NAME (default)
-
NAME
specifies the network device to show.
If this argument is omitted all devices are listed.
- up
-
only display running interfaces.
ip address - protocol address management.
The address is a protocol (IP or IPv6) address attached to a network device. Each device must have at least one address to use the corresponding protocol. It is possible to have several different addresses attached to one device. These addresses are not discriminated, so that the term alias is not quite appropriate for them and we do not use it in this document.
The ip addr command displays addresses and their properties, adds new addresses and deletes old ones.
ip address add - add new protocol address.
- dev NAME
-
the name of the device to add the address to.
- local ADDRESS (default)
-
the address of the interface. The format of the address depends
on the protocol. It is a dotted quad for IP and a sequence of
hexadecimal halfwords separated by colons for IPv6. The
ADDRESS
may be followed by a slash and a decimal number which encodes
the network prefix length.
- peer ADDRESS
-
the address of the remote endpoint for pointopoint interfaces.
Again, the
ADDRESS
may be followed by a slash and a decimal number, encoding the network
prefix length. If a peer address is specified, the local address
cannot have a prefix length. The network prefix is associated
with the peer rather than with the local address.
- broadcast ADDRESS
-
the broadcast address on the interface.
It is possible to use the special symbols '+' and '-' instead of the broadcast address. In this case, the broadcast address is derived by setting/resetting the host bits of the interface prefix.
- label NAME
-
Each address may be tagged with a label string.
In order to preserve compatibility with Linux-2.0 net aliases,
this string must coincide with the name of the device or must be prefixed
with the device name followed by colon.
- scope SCOPE_VALUE
-
the scope of the area where this address is valid.
The available scopes are listed in file
/etc/iproute2/rt_scopes.
Predefined scope values are:
global - the address is globally valid.
site - (IPv6 only) the address is site local, i.e. it is valid inside this site.
link - the address is link local, i.e. it is valid only on this device.
host - the address is valid only inside this host.
ip address delete - delete protocol address
Arguments: coincide with the arguments of ip addr add. The device name is a required argument. The rest are optional. If no arguments are given, the first address is deleted.ip address show - look at protocol addresses
- dev NAME (default)
-
name of device.
- scope SCOPE_VAL
-
only list addresses with this scope.
- to PREFIX
-
only list addresses matching this prefix.
- label PATTERN
-
only list addresses with labels matching the
PATTERN.
PATTERN
is a usual shell style pattern.
- dynamic and permanent
-
(IPv6 only) only list addresses installed due to stateless
address configuration or only list permanent (not dynamic)
addresses.
- tentative
-
(IPv6 only) only list addresses which did not pass duplicate
address detection.
- deprecated
-
(IPv6 only) only list deprecated addresses.
- primary and secondary
-
only list primary (or secondary) addresses.
ip address flush - flush protocol addresses
This command flushes the protocol addresses selected by some criteria.
This command has the same arguments as show. The difference is that it does not run when no arguments are given.
Warning: This command (and other flush commands described below) is pretty dangerous. If you make a mistake, it will not forgive it, but will cruelly purge all the addresses.
With the -statistics option, the command becomes verbose. It prints out the number of deleted addresses and the number of rounds made to flush the address list. If this option is given twice, ip addr flush also dumps all the deleted addresses in the format described in the previous subsection.
ip addrlabel - protocol address label management.
IPv6 address label is used for address selection described in RFC 3484. Precedence is managed by userspace, and only label is stored in kernel.
ip addrlabel add - add an address label
the command adds an address label entry to the kernel.- prefix PREFIX
- dev DEV
- the outgoing interface.
- label NUMBER
- the label for the prefix. 0xffffffff is reserved.
ip addrlabel del - delete an address label
the command deletes an address label entry in the kernel. Arguments: coincide with the arguments of ip addrlabel add but label is not required.ip addrlabel list - list address labels
the command show contents of address labels.ip addrlabel flush - flush address labels
the command flushes the contents of address labels and it does not restore default settings.ip neighbour - neighbour/arp tables management.
neighbour objects establish bindings between protocol addresses and link layer addresses for hosts sharing the same link. Neighbour entries are organized into tables. The IPv4 neighbour table is known by another name - the ARP table.
The corresponding commands display neighbour bindings and their properties, add new neighbour entries and delete old ones.
ip neighbour add - add a new neighbour entry
ip neighbour change - change an existing entry
ip neighbour replace - add a new entry or change an existing one
These commands create new neighbour records or update existing ones.
- to ADDRESS (default)
-
the protocol address of the neighbour. It is either an IPv4 or IPv6 address.
- dev NAME
-
the interface to which this neighbour is attached.
- lladdr LLADDRESS
-
the link layer address of the neighbour.
LLADDRESS
can also be
null.
- nud NUD_STATE
-
the state of the neighbour entry.
nud
is an abbreviation for 'Neigh bour Unreachability Detection'.
The state can take one of the following values:
permanent - the neighbour entry is valid forever and can be only be removed administratively.
noarp - the neighbour entry is valid. No attempts to validate this entry will be made but it can be removed when its lifetime expires.
reachable - the neighbour entry is valid until the reachability timeout expires.
stale - the neighbour entry is valid but suspicious. This option to ip neigh does not change the neighbour state if it was valid and the address is not changed by this command.
ip neighbour delete - delete a neighbour entry
This command invalidates a neighbour entry.
The arguments are the same as with ip neigh add, except that lladdr and nud are ignored.
Warning: Attempts to delete or manually change a noarp entry created by the kernel may result in unpredictable behaviour. Particularly, the kernel may try to resolve this address even on a NOARP interface or if the address is multicast or broadcast.
ip neighbour show - list neighbour entries
This commands displays neighbour tables.
- to ADDRESS (default)
-
the prefix selecting the neighbours to list.
- dev NAME
-
only list the neighbours attached to this device.
- unused
-
only list neighbours which are not currently in use.
- nud NUD_STATE
-
only list neighbour entries in this state.
NUD_STATE
takes values listed below or the special value
all
which means all states. This option may occur more than once.
If this option is absent,
ip
lists all entries except for
none
and
noarp.
ip neighbour flush - flush neighbour entries
This command flushes neighbour tables, selecting entries to flush by some criteria.
This command has the same arguments as show. The differences are that it does not run when no arguments are given, and that the default neighbour states to be flushed do not include permanent and noarp.
With the -statistics option, the command becomes verbose. It prints out the number of deleted neighbours and the number of rounds made to flush the neighbour table. If the option is given twice, ip neigh flush also dumps all the deleted neighbours.
ip route - routing table management
Manipulate route entries in the kernel routing tables keep information about paths to other networked nodes.Route types:
unicast - the route entry describes real paths to the destinations covered by the route prefix.
unreachable - these destinations are unreachable. Packets are discarded and the ICMP message host unreachable is generated. The local senders get an EHOSTUNREACH error.
blackhole - these destinations are unreachable. Packets are discarded silently. The local senders get an EINVAL error.
prohibit - these destinations are unreachable. Packets are discarded and the ICMP message communication administratively prohibited is generated. The local senders get an EACCES error.
local - the destinations are assigned to this host. The packets are looped back and delivered locally.
broadcast - the destinations are broadcast addresses. The packets are sent as link broadcasts.
throw - a special control route used together with policy rules. If such a route is selected, lookup in this table is terminated pretending that no route was found. Without policy routing it is equivalent to the absence of the route in the routing table. The packets are dropped and the ICMP message net unreachable is generated. The local senders get an ENETUNREACH error.
nat - a special NAT route. Destinations covered by the prefix are considered to be dummy (or external) addresses which require translation to real (or internal) ones before forwarding. The addresses to translate to are selected with the attribute Warning: Route NAT is no longer supported in Linux 2.6.
via.
anycast - not implemented the destinations are anycast addresses assigned to this host. They are mainly equivalent to local with one difference: such addresses are invalid when used as the source address of any packet.
multicast - a special type used for multicast routing. It is not present in normal routing tables.
Route tables: Linux-2.x can pack routes into several routing tables identified by a number in the range from 1 to 255 or by name from the file /etc/iproute2/rt_tables By default all normal routes are inserted into the main table (ID 254) and the kernel only uses this table when calculating routes.
Actually, one other table always exists, which is invisible but even more important. It is the local table (ID 255). This table consists of routes for local and broadcast addresses. The kernel maintains this table automatically and the administrator usually need not modify it or even look at it.
The multiple routing tables enter the game when policy routing is used.
ip route add - add new route
ip route change - change route
ip route replace - change or add new one
- to TYPE PREFIX (default)
-
the destination prefix of the route. If
TYPE
is omitted,
ip
assumes type
unicast.
Other values of
TYPE
are listed above.
PREFIX
is an IP or IPv6 address optionally followed by a slash and the
prefix length. If the length of the prefix is missing,
ip
assumes a full-length host route. There is also a special
PREFIX
default
- which is equivalent to IP
0/0
or to IPv6
::/0.
- tos TOS
- dsfield TOS
-
the Type Of Service (TOS) key. This key has no associated mask and
the longest match is understood as: First, compare the TOS
of the route and of the packet. If they are not equal, then the packet
may still match a route with a zero TOS.
TOS
is either an 8 bit hexadecimal number or an identifier
from
/etc/iproute2/rt_dsfield.
- metric NUMBER
- preference NUMBER
-
the preference value of the route.
NUMBER
is an arbitrary 32bit number.
- table TABLEID
-
the table to add this route to.
TABLEID
may be a number or a string from the file
/etc/iproute2/rt_tables.
If this parameter is omitted,
ip
assumes the
main
table, with the exception of
local , broadcast and nat
routes, which are put into the
local
table by default.
- dev NAME
-
the output device name.
- via ADDRESS
-
the address of the nexthop router. Actually, the sense of this field
depends on the route type. For normal
unicast
routes it is either the true next hop router or, if it is a direct
route installed in BSD compatibility mode, it can be a local address
of the interface. For NAT routes it is the first address of the block
of translated IP destinations.
- src ADDRESS
-
the source address to prefer when sending to the destinations
covered by the route prefix.
- realm REALMID
-
the realm to which this route is assigned.
REALMID
may be a number or a string from the file
/etc/iproute2/rt_realms.
- mtu MTU
- mtu lock MTU
-
the MTU along the path to the destination. If the modifier
lock
is not used, the MTU may be updated by the kernel due to
Path MTU Discovery. If the modifier
lock
is used, no path MTU discovery will be tried, all packets
will be sent without the DF bit in IPv4 case or fragmented
to MTU for IPv6.
- window NUMBER
-
the maximal window for TCP to advertise to these destinations,
measured in bytes. It limits maximal data bursts that our TCP
peers are allowed to send to us.
- rtt TIME
-
the initial RTT ('Round Trip Time') estimate. If no suffix is
specified the units are raw values passed directly to the
routing code to maintain compatability with previous releases.
Otherwise if a suffix of s, sec or secs is used to specify
seconds; ms, msec or msecs to specify milliseconds; us, usec
or usecs to specify microseconds; ns, nsec or nsecs to specify
nanoseconds; j, hz or jiffies to specify jiffies, the value is
converted to what the routing code expects.
- rttvar TIME (2.3.15+ only)
-
the initial RTT variance estimate. Values are specified as with
rtt
above.
- rto_min TIME (2.6.23+ only)
-
the minimum TCP Retransmission TimeOut to use when communicating with this
destination. Values are specified as with
rtt
above.
- ssthresh NUMBER (2.3.15+ only)
-
an estimate for the initial slow start threshold.
- cwnd NUMBER (2.3.15+ only)
-
the clamp for congestion window. It is ignored if the
lock
flag is not used.
- initcwnd NUMBER
-
the maximum initial congestion window (cwnd) size in MSS of a
TCP connection.
- advmss NUMBER (2.3.15+ only)
-
the MSS ('Maximal Segment Size') to advertise to these
destinations when establishing TCP connections. If it is not given,
Linux uses a default value calculated from the first hop device MTU.
(If the path to these destination is asymmetric, this guess may be wrong.)
- reordering NUMBER (2.3.15+ only)
-
Maximal reordering on the path to this destination.
If it is not given, Linux uses the value selected with
sysctl
variable
net/ipv4/tcp_reordering.
- nexthop NEXTHOP
-
the nexthop of a multipath route.
NEXTHOP
is a complex value with its own syntax similar to the top level
argument lists:
via ADDRESS - is the nexthop router.
dev NAME - is the output device.
weight NUMBER - is a weight for this element of a multipath route reflecting its relative bandwidth or quality.
- scope SCOPE_VAL
-
the scope of the destinations covered by the route prefix.
SCOPE_VAL
may be a number or a string from the file
/etc/iproute2/rt_scopes.
If this parameter is omitted,
ip
assumes scope
global
for all gatewayed
unicast
routes, scope
link
for direct
unicast and broadcast
routes and scope
host for local
routes.
- protocol RTPROTO
-
the routing protocol identifier of this route.
RTPROTO
may be a number or a string from the file
/etc/iproute2/rt_protos.
If the routing protocol ID is not given,
ip assumes protocol
boot
(i.e. it assumes the route was added by someone who doesn't
understand what they are doing). Several protocol values have
a fixed interpretation.
Namely:
redirect - the route was installed due to an ICMP redirect.
kernel - the route was installed by the kernel during autoconfiguration.
boot - the route was installed during the bootup sequence. If a routing daemon starts, it will purge all of them.
static - the route was installed by the administrator to override dynamic routing. Routing daemon will respect them and, probably, even advertise them to its peers.
ra - the route was installed by Router Discovery protocol.
The rest of the values are not reserved and the administrator is free to assign (or not to assign) protocol tags.
- onlink
-
pretend that the nexthop is directly attached to this link,
even if it does not match any interface prefix.
- equalize
-
allow packet by packet randomization on multipath routes.
Without this modifier, the route will be frozen to one selected
nexthop, so that load splitting will only occur on per-flow base.
equalize
only works if the kernel is patched.
ip route delete - delete route
ip route del has the same arguments as ip route add, but their semantics are a bit different.
Key values (to, tos, preference and table) select the route to delete. If optional attributes are present, ip verifies that they coincide with the attributes of the route to delete. If no route with the given key and attributes was found, ip route del fails.
ip route show - list routes
the command displays the contents of the routing tables or the route(s) selected by some criteria.
- to SELECTOR (default)
-
only select routes from the given range of destinations.
SELECTOR
consists of an optional modifier
(root, match or exact)
and a prefix.
root PREFIX
selects routes with prefixes not shorter than
PREFIX.
F.e.
root 0/0
selects the entire routing table.
match PREFIX
selects routes with prefixes not longer than
PREFIX.
F.e.
match 10.0/16
selects
10.0/16,
10/8 and 0/0,
but it does not select
10.1/16 and 10.0.0/24.
And
exact PREFIX
(or just
PREFIX)
selects routes with this exact prefix. If neither of these options
are present,
ip
assumes
root 0/0
i.e. it lists the entire table.
- tos TOS
-
dsfield TOS
only select routes with the given TOS.
- table TABLEID
-
show the routes from this table(s). The default setting is to show
tablemain.
TABLEID
may either be the ID of a real table or one of the special values:
all - list all of the tables.
cache - dump the routing cache.
- cloned
- cached
-
list cloned routes i.e. routes which were dynamically forked from
other routes because some route attribute (f.e. MTU) was updated.
Actually, it is equivalent to
table cache.
- from SELECTOR
-
the same syntax as for
to,
but it binds the source address range rather than destinations.
Note that the
from
option only works with cloned routes.
- protocol RTPROTO
-
only list routes of this protocol.
- scope SCOPE_VAL
-
only list routes with this scope.
- type TYPE
-
only list routes of this type.
- dev NAME
-
only list routes going via this device.
- via PREFIX
-
only list routes going via the nexthop routers selected by
PREFIX.
- src PREFIX
-
only list routes with preferred source addresses selected
by
PREFIX.
- realm REALMID
- realms FROMREALM/TOREALM
-
only list routes with these realms.
ip route flush - flush routing tables
this command flushes routes selected by some criteria.
The arguments have the same syntax and semantics as the arguments of ip route show, but routing tables are not listed but purged. The only difference is the default action: show dumps all the IP main routing table but flush prints the helper page.
With the -statistics option, the command becomes verbose. It prints out the number of deleted routes and the number of rounds made to flush the routing table. If the option is given twice, ip route flush also dumps all the deleted routes in the format described in the previous subsection.
ip route get - get a single route
this command gets a single route to a destination and prints its contents exactly as the kernel sees it.
- to ADDRESS (default)
-
the destination address.
- from ADDRESS
-
the source address.
- tos TOS
- dsfield TOS
-
the Type Of Service.
- iif NAME
-
the device from which this packet is expected to arrive.
- oif NAME
-
force the output device on which this packet will be routed.
- connected
-
if no source address
(option from)
was given, relookup the route with the source set to the preferred
address received from the first lookup.
If policy routing is used, it may be a different route.
Note that this operation is not equivalent to ip route show. show shows existing routes. get resolves them and creates new clones if necessary. Essentially, get is equivalent to sending a packet along this path. If the iif argument is not given, the kernel creates a route to output packets towards the requested destination. This is equivalent to pinging the destination with a subsequent ip route ls cache, however, no packets are actually sent. With the iif argument, the kernel pretends that a packet arrived from this interface and searches for a path to forward the packet.
ip rule - routing policy database management
Rules in the routing policy database control the route selection algorithm.
Classic routing algorithms used in the Internet make routing decisions based only on the destination address of packets (and in theory, but not in practice, on the TOS field).
In some circumstances we want to route packets differently depending not only on destination addresses, but also on other packet fields: source address, IP protocol, transport protocol ports or even packet payload. This task is called 'policy routing'.
To solve this task, the conventional destination based routing table, ordered according to the longest match rule, is replaced with a 'routing policy database' (or RPDB), which selects routes by executing some set of rules.
Each policy routing rule consists of a selector and an action predicate. The RPDB is scanned in the order of increasing priority. The selector of each rule is applied to {source address, destination address, incoming interface, tos, fwmark} and, if the selector matches the packet, the action is performed. The action predicate may return with success. In this case, it will either give a route or failure indication and the RPDB lookup is terminated. Otherwise, the RPDB program continues on the next rule.
Semantically, natural action is to select the nexthop and the output device.
At startup time the kernel configures the default RPDB consisting of three rules:
- 1.
-
Priority: 0, Selector: match anything, Action: lookup routing
table
local
(ID 255).
The
local
table is a special routing table containing
high priority control routes for local and broadcast addresses.
Rule 0 is special. It cannot be deleted or overridden.
- 2.
-
Priority: 32766, Selector: match anything, Action: lookup routing
table
main
(ID 254).
The
main
table is the normal routing table containing all non-policy
routes. This rule may be deleted and/or overridden with other
ones by the administrator.
- 3.
-
Priority: 32767, Selector: match anything, Action: lookup routing
table
default
(ID 253).
The
default
table is empty. It is reserved for some post-processing if no previous
default rules selected the packet.
This rule may also be deleted.
Each RPDB entry has additional attributes. F.e. each rule has a pointer to some routing table. NAT and masquerading rules have an attribute to select new IP address to translate/masquerade. Besides that, rules have some optional attributes, which routes have, namely realms. These values do not override those contained in the routing tables. They are only used if the route did not select any attributes.
The RPDB may contain rules of the following types:
unicast - the rule prescribes to return the route found in the routing table referenced by the rule.
blackhole - the rule prescribes to silently drop the packet.
unreachable - the rule prescribes to generate a 'Network is unreachable' error.
prohibit - the rule prescribes to generate 'Communication is administratively prohibited' error.
nat - the rule prescribes to translate the source address of the IP packet into some other value.
ip rule add - insert a new rule
ip rule delete - delete a rule
- type TYPE (default)
-
the type of this rule. The list of valid types was given in the previous
subsection.
- from PREFIX
-
select the source prefix to match.
- to PREFIX
-
select the destination prefix to match.
- iif NAME
-
select the incoming device to match. If the interface is loopback,
the rule only matches packets originating from this host. This means
that you may create separate routing tables for forwarded and local
packets and, hence, completely segregate them.
- tos TOS
- dsfield TOS
-
select the TOS value to match.
- fwmark MARK
-
select the
fwmark
value to match.
- priority PREFERENCE
-
the priority of this rule. Each rule should have an explicitly
set
unique
priority value.
The options preference and order are synonyms with priority.
- table TABLEID
-
the routing table identifier to lookup if the rule selector matches.
It is also possible to use lookup instead of table.
- realms FROM/TO
-
Realms to select if the rule matched and the routing table lookup
succeeded. Realm
TO
is only used if the route did not select any realm.
- nat ADDRESS
-
The base of the IP address block to translate (for source addresses).
The
ADDRESS
may be either the start of the block of NAT addresses (selected by NAT
routes) or a local host address (or even zero).
In the last case the router does not translate the packets, but
masquerades them to this address.
Using map-to instead of nat means the same thing.
Warning: Changes to the RPDB made with these commands do not become active immediately. It is assumed that after a script finishes a batch of updates, it flushes the routing cache with ip route flush cache.
ip rule flush - also dumps all the deleted rules.
This command has no arguments.ip rule show - list rules
This command has no arguments. The options list or lst are synonyms with show.ip maddress - multicast addresses management
maddress objects are multicast addresses.
ip maddress show - list multicast addresses
- dev NAME (default)
-
the device name.
ip maddress add - add a multicast address
ip maddress delete - delete a multicast address
these commands attach/detach a static link layer multicast address to listen on the interface. Note that it is impossible to join protocol multicast groups statically. This command only manages link layer addresses.
- address LLADDRESS (default)
-
the link layer multicast address.
- dev NAME
-
the device to join/leave this multicast address.
ip mroute - multicast routing cache management
mroute objects are multicast routing cache entries created by a user level mrouting daemon (f.e. pimd or mrouted ).Due to the limitations of the current interface to the multicast routing engine, it is impossible to change mroute objects administratively, so we may only display them. This limitation will be removed in the future.
ip mroute show - list mroute cache entries
- to PREFIX (default)
-
the prefix selecting the destination multicast addresses to list.
- iif NAME
-
the interface on which multicast packets are received.
- from PREFIX
-
the prefix selecting the IP source addresses of the multicast route.
ip tunnel - tunnel configuration
tunnel objects are tunnels, encapsulating packets in IP packets and then sending them over the IP infrastructure. The encapulating (or outer) address family is specified by the -f option. The default is IPv4.ip tunnel add - add a new tunnel
ip tunnel change - change an existing tunnel
ip tunnel delete - destroy a tunnel
- name NAME (default)
-
select the tunnel device name.
- mode MODE
-
set the tunnel mode. Available modes depend on the encapsulating address family.
Modes for IPv4 encapsulation available: ipip, sit, isatap and gre.
Modes for IPv6 encapsulation available: ip6ip6, ipip6 and any. - remote ADDRESS
-
set the remote endpoint of the tunnel.
- local ADDRESS
-
set the fixed local address for tunneled packets.
It must be an address on another interface of this host.
- ttl N
-
set a fixed TTL
N
on tunneled packets.
N
is a number in the range 1--255. 0 is a special value
meaning that packets inherit the TTL value.
The default value for IPv4 tunnels is:
inherit.
The default value for IPv6 tunnels is:
64.
- tos T
- dsfield T
- tclass T
-
set a fixed TOS (or traffic class in IPv6)
T
on tunneled packets.
The default value is:
inherit.
- dev NAME
-
bind the tunnel to the device
NAME
so that tunneled packets will only be routed via this device and will
not be able to escape to another device when the route to endpoint
changes.
- nopmtudisc
-
disable Path MTU Discovery on this tunnel.
It is enabled by default. Note that a fixed ttl is incompatible
with this option: tunnelling with a fixed ttl always makes pmtu
discovery.
- key K
- ikey K
- okey K
-
( only GRE tunnels )
use keyed GRE with key
K. K
is either a number or an IP address-like dotted quad.
The
key
parameter sets the key to use in both directions.
The
ikey and okey
parameters set different keys for input and output.
- csum, icsum, ocsum
-
( only GRE tunnels )
generate/require checksums for tunneled packets.
The
ocsum
flag calculates checksums for outgoing packets.
The
icsum
flag requires that all input packets have the correct
checksum. The
csum
flag is equivalent to the combination
icsum ocsum.
- seq, iseq, oseq
-
( only GRE tunnels )
serialize packets.
The
oseq
flag enables sequencing of outgoing packets.
The
iseq
flag requires that all input packets are serialized.
The
seq
flag is equivalent to the combination
iseq oseq.
It isn't work. Don't use it.
- dscp inherit
-
( only IPv6 tunnels )
Inherit DS field between inner and outer header.
- encaplim ELIM
-
( only IPv6 tunnels )
set a fixed encapsulation limit. Default is 4.
- flowlabel FLOWLABEL
-
( only IPv6 tunnels )
set a fixed flowlabel.
ip tunnel prl - potential router list (ISATAP only)
- dev NAME
-
mandatory device name.
- prl-default ADDR
- prl-nodefault ADDR
- prl-delete ADDR
-
Add or delete ADDR
as a potential router or default router.
ip tunnel show - list tunnels
This command has no arguments.ip monitor and rtmon - state monitoring
The ip utility can monitor the state of devices, addresses and routes continuously. This option has a slightly different format. Namely, the monitor command is the first in the command line and then the object list follows:
ip monitor [ all | LISTofOBJECTS ]
OBJECT-LIST is the list of object types that we want to monitor. It may contain link, address and route. If no file argument is given, ip opens RTNETLINK, listens on it and dumps state changes in the format described in previous sections.
If a file name is given, it does not listen on RTNETLINK, but opens the file containing RTNETLINK messages saved in binary format and dumps them. Such a history file can be generated with the rtmon utility. This utility has a command line syntax similar to ip monitor. Ideally, rtmon should be started before the first network configuration command is issued. F.e. if you insert:
rtmon file /var/log/rtmon.log
in a startup script, you will be able to view the full history later.
Certainly, it is possible to start rtmon at any time. It prepends the history with the state snapshot dumped at the moment of starting.
ip xfrm - setting xfrm
xfrm is an IP framework, which can transform format of the datagrams,i.e. encrypt the packets with some algorithm. xfrm policy and xfrm state are associated through templates TMPL_LIST. This framework is used as a part of IPsec protocol.
ip xfrm state add - add new state into xfrm
ip xfrm state update - update existing xfrm state
ip xfrm state allocspi - allocate SPI value
- MODE
-
is set as default to
transport,
but it could be set to
tunnel,ro or beet.
- FLAG-LIST
-
contains one or more flags.
- FLAG
-
could be set to
noecn, decap-dscp or wildrecv.
- ENCAP
-
encapsulation is set to encapsulation type
ENCAP-TYPE, source port SPORT, destination port DPORT and OADDR.
- ENCAP-TYPE
-
could be set to
espinudp or espinudp-nonike.
- ALGO-LIST
-
contains one or more algorithms
ALGO
which depend on the type of algorithm set by
ALGO_TYPE.
It can be used these algoritms
enc, auth or comp.
ip xfrm policy add - add a new policy
ip xfrm policy update - update an existing policy
ip xfrm policy delete - delete existing policy
ip xfrm policy get - get existing policy
ip xfrm policy deleteall - delete all existing xfrm policy
ip xfrm policy list - print out the list of xfrm policy
ip xfrm policy flush - flush policies
It can be flush all policies or only those specified with ptype.
- dir DIR
-
directory could be one of these:
inp, out or fwd.
- SELECTOR
-
selects for which addresses will be set up the policy. The selector
is defined by source and destination address.
- UPSPEC
-
is defined by source port
sport,
destination port
dport, type
as number and
code
also number.
- dev DEV
-
specify network device.
- index INDEX
-
the number of indexed policy.
- ptype PTYPE
-
type is set as default on
main,
could be switch on
sub.
- action ACTION
-
is set as default on
allow.
It could be switch on
block.
- priority PRIORITY
-
priority is a number. Default priority is set on zero.
- LIMIT-LIST
-
limits are set in seconds, bytes or numbers of packets.
- TMPL-LIST
-
template list is based on
ID,
mode, reqid and level.
- ID
-
is specified by source address, destination address,
proto
and value of
spi.
- XFRM_PROTO
-
values:
esp, ah, comp, route2 or hao.
- MODE
-
is set as default on
transport,
but it could be set on
tunnel or beet.
- LEVEL
-
is set as default on
required
and the other choice is
use.
- UPSPEC
-
is specified by
sport,
dport, type
and
code
(NUMBER).
ip xfrm monitor - is used for listing all objects or defined group of them.
The xfrm monitor can monitor the policies for all objects or defined group of them.HISTORY
ip was written by Alexey N. Kuznetsov and added in Linux 2.2.SEE ALSO
tc(8)IP Command reference ip-cref.ps
IP tunnels ip-cref.ps
User documentation at http://lartc.org/, but please direct bugreports and patches to<EMAIL_ADDRESS>AUTHOR
Original Manpage by Michail Litvak<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Index
- NAME
- SYNOPSIS
- OPTIONS
- IP - COMMAND SYNTAX
- ip link - network device configuration
- ip address - protocol address management.
- ip addrlabel - protocol address label management.
- ip neighbour - neighbour/arp tables management.
- ip route - routing table management
- ip rule - routing policy database management
- ip maddress - multicast addresses management
- ip mroute - multicast routing cache management
- ip tunnel - tunnel configuration
- ip monitor and rtmon - state monitoring
- ip xfrm - setting xfrm
-
- ip xfrm state add - add new state into xfrm
- ip xfrm state update - update existing xfrm state
- ip xfrm state allocspi - allocate SPI value
- ip xfrm policy add - add a new policy
- ip xfrm policy update - update an existing policy
- ip xfrm policy delete - delete existing policy
- ip xfrm policy get - get existing policy
- ip xfrm policy deleteall - delete all existing xfrm policy
- ip xfrm policy list - print out the list of xfrm policy
- ip xfrm policy flush - flush policies
- ip xfrm monitor - is used for listing all objects or defined group of them.
- HISTORY
- SEE ALSO
- AUTHOR
This document was created by man2html, using the manual pages.
Time: 05:34:26 GMT, December 24, 2015


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CrystalCollectors!
You will be given a random no. at the start of the game.
There are four crystals below. By clicking on crystal you will add a specific amount of points to your total score.
You win the game by matching your total score to random number, you will lose the game if your total score goes above the random number.
The value of each crystals hidden until you click on it.
Each time when the game starts the game will change the value of each crystal.
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boto v2.29.0
This release adds support for the AWS shared credentials file, adds support for Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS) encryption, and contains a handful of fixes for Amazon EC2, AWS CloudFormation, AWS CloudWatch, AWS CloudTrail, Amazon DynamoDB and Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS). It also includes fixes for Python wheel support.
A bug has been fixed such that a new exception is thrown when a profile name is explicitly passed either via code (profile="foo") or an environment variable (AWS_PROFILE=foo) and that profile does not exist in any configuration file. Previously this was silently ignored, and the default credentials would be used without informing the user.


Mimi Lam
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Hobbies and interests
Karate
I have been training in a style of karate called Shotokan for 40 years and currently hold a 3rd Degree blackbelt. I won the BSK Shotokan Nationals held in Lincoln in 2008. Coming 1st in Idividual Kata and Team Kumite and 3rd in Individual Kumite.
Music
I started playing guitar at the age of 16 when several scoolmates formed a band and I noticed how girls were attracted to them. My first guitar cost me £6.00. It was an awful acoustic instrument with an action that belonged on a chello. In 2013 I finally tracked down the guitar of my dreams a 1973 Gibson Les Paul Deluxe. This is the make and model used by the gutarist's in Thin Lizzy on there Jailbreak album which was my first introduction to them.
Computers
I don't know why I became interested in computers they wern't really a thing when I was growing up more science fiction that science fact. I put it down to some magazines left in the pub my Mother ran. I read the articles and was facinated with them so I got one for my 20th birthday. This was the machine before the BBC Micro and was called the Acorm Atom. I got it in kit form and built it in my bedroom. Acorn if you don't know developed the ARM microprocessor, and if you don't know what that is I suggest you Google it, there is almost certainly one in your moble phone.
Hi-Fi
My other big interest is Hi-Fi. Something lost on most people who use streaming services or listen to Mp3s. The compression on these soundfiles means you are missing out on the wonders that the sound engineer spent hours tweaking to give a perfect stereo soundstage. I still listen to vinyl and I enjoy it's more relaxing and open sound. I know it lacks the speed and convineince of the digital era, but until you hear a quality Hi-Fi system you don't know what you are missing. Believe me you will think you have been listening with cotton wool in your ears when you do.


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% block content %}
welcome to neighbourhood!
{{neighbourhood.name}}
no neighbourhoods for now


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% block content %}
Phablytics is an open source companion for Phabricator.
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For help with your local Phablytics instance, please contact your Phablytics administrator, {{ admin_username }}.
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We help you get set up with all that the Komodo Platform offers:
- Komodo blockchain,
insight explorer,
electrum Simple Payment Verifier,
doing a dICO,
get listed on several exchanges,
getting dPoW protection from Komodo Notary Nodes
100 messages
Before 05-Dec-19 12:00 AM
ComputerGenie 👴👴👴17-Oct-18 09:07 PM
tbt, I'm having network issues and mining nothing, but figured I'd toss my into the convo
crumb17-Oct-18 09:07 PM
so using KMDICE for poker is not as good/convenient/possible as CHIPS?
Cryptoon17-Oct-18 09:08 PM
If there is no house edge then in theory the losses are only tx fees? @WayneDingo
CryptoNinjaa17-Oct-18 09:08 PM
Need a brown sheet
Cryptoon17-Oct-18 09:08 PM
@crumb for kmdice I assume every move is a tx, which is not the case when using lightning
siu - Chainmakers17-Oct-18 09:09 PM
The bet is just a other type of tx for KMDICE
Cryptoon17-Oct-18 09:09 PM
Playing poker become expensive if every move from every player at the table is a tx
siu - Chainmakers17-Oct-18 09:09 PM
Only that in a CC address
WayneDingo17-Oct-18 09:09 PM
Is this one of those provably fair random number generator deals where you bet a token and 3 numbers spin to the high or low?
jorian17-Oct-18 09:09 PM
you can't play poker with KMDICE
it is very simple: bet an amount at some odds; the higher the odds, the higher the payout if you win
crumb17-Oct-18 09:10 PM
makes sense @Cryptoon, thanks for info
siu - Chainmakers17-Oct-18 09:10 PM
This is betting against odds, that is basically it.
Komodo Insight. View detailed information on all komodo transactions and block. {{ $root.title + $root.titleDetail }}
Cryptoon17-Oct-18 09:12 PM
If someone is selling then I will play the fund for full amount at 100:1
CryptoNinjaa17-Oct-18 09:12 PM
Cryptoon17-Oct-18 09:13 PM
If I win I will be the new house
siu - Chainmakers17-Oct-18 09:13 PM
Highest bet is 1000 at 1500:1
Cryptoon17-Oct-18 09:13 PM
Brooooooo
siu - Chainmakers17-Oct-18 09:14 PM
That would be a 1.5million prize
Cryptoon17-Oct-18 09:14 PM
@Deleted User I know the degen inside of you will love this
WayneDingo17-Oct-18 09:14 PM
This is sounding like the site for suckas
Cryptoon17-Oct-18 09:14 PM
Damn there goes the plan of becoming a casino boss
@siu - Chainmakers
Its a start @WayneDingo
And as there is no edge for the house who cares
Its to have some fun
siu - Chainmakers17-Oct-18 09:16 PM
Its just for fun, there is no actual profit for us from the game
Even i could not get much coins lol
And i created it
Oszy17-Oct-18 09:21 PM
Mining when blockchain might not be in sync longest.507 vs 319 i got stuck here all the time, deleted the folder, same.
siu - Chainmakers17-Oct-18 09:22 PM
Start it without mining first?
jorian17-Oct-18 09:23 PM
"difficulty": 4375.413390599563,
Oszy17-Oct-18 09:23 PM
finished loading blocks KMDICE
fsize.6184 datalen.19890 n.1546 lastfpos.0
took 0 seconds to process
wait here?
siu - Chainmakers17-Oct-18 09:24 PM
It should start loading downloading
Oszy17-Oct-18 09:24 PM
well the blocks folder is 18MB but not changing that's what was downloaded when first ran.
debug log says 2018-10-17 21:25:38 UpdateTip: new best=0000c93b6ec0f25fb7a5a7685bad918b4187802a9e24211af7e9933366bbf565 height=519 so it should be synced isn't it?
siu - Chainmakers17-Oct-18 09:26 PM
Getinfo and see where it is
Oszy17-Oct-18 09:29 PM
"blocks": 527,
"longestchain": 527,
jorian17-Oct-18 09:29 PM
you're synced
Oszy17-Oct-18 09:35 PM
okay, one more question, since cpu is probably already not worth how do i GPU mine this with cli?
i assume this is "normal" ? Unknown ASN type: 32ea22c80200095ece5eee67e1f313e7ba2d156c7617106cd52b75c93ed3fb110ff3fba6e998103120c008203000401cc non-standard scriptPubKey
exciting to be test-driving some dice CC's, I wrote some code in their!


Next-gen Hyundai Tucson previewed as Vision T Concept
by Staff WriterThe Hyundai Vision T SUV features a plug-in hybrid drivetrain; unveiled at Los Angeles Auto Show 2019.
Hyundai has showcased a futuristic SUV concept called the Vision T at the ongoing Los Angeles Auto Show 2019. This new concept actually previews the next-gen Tucson SUV that is expected to make its world debut later next year.
The Hyundai Vision T Plug-in Hybrid previews an ‘eco-focused’ SUV designed for dynamic driving, according to Hyundai. The machine is the seventh in a series of concept cars developed by Hyundai’s Design Centre to showcase its ‘Sensuous Sportiness’ design language. Hyundai said the Vision T is intended to “be on the cutting edge of the most dynamic SUV designs”.
The Vision T SUV concept features a bold grille, with LED headlights are incorporated on the sides, a stretched bonnet and a coupe-style roofline. Measuring 4,610mm long, Hyundai says the SUV concept has a long wheelbase - 2,804mm - and short overhangs to maximise its dynamic character.
The grille features a Parametric Air Shutter concept, which means that it is closed and static when the Vision T is stationary. Once the SUV is in motion, individual grille cells move in a set sequence, which Hyundai says adds to the machine's “dynamic character”, while also controlling airflow to the hybrid powertrain to optimise aerodynamics and fuel efficiency. It also features a glass roof with a pattern embossed into it, along with a dark chrome Hyundai badge that glows green and red when illuminated.
Hyundai has not given any details of the Vision T’s plug-in hybrid powertrain. The charging port is located on the rear quarter panel, and a blue light illuminates when it is charging. A circular light cluster shows the charge level of the vehicle.
While this new concept will preview the next-gen Tucson, India is yet to get the mid-cycle update for the current-gen Tucson that went on sale globally long ago. The Korean brand is gearing up to bring new versions of its blockbuster Creta SUV, the Aura compact sedan (essentially the second-genetarion Xcent), the i20 hatchback and a heavily updated Verna to India, with all three models expected to hit Hyundai showrooms next year.
Also see:
Hyundai Aura engine, gearbox options revealed
Now, book your service appointment on Whatsapp: Hyundai India
Maruti, Hyundai, Kia top sales charts in October 2019
Hyundai Tucson
Rs 21.14 lakh * on road price (New Delhi)


My name is James Efienemokwu. I fell in love with web dev during this lockdown period and its going to be a happy ending I Like Arsenal Football club,Learning new things and creating things on the web.


ClickHouse — distributed analytical column-oriented DBMS
Why column-oriented?
Here is how "traditional" row-oriented system work:
Here is how column-oriented systems work:
Examples:
— column-oriented DBMSs from Germany.
Initially we developed ClickHouse for Yandex.Metrica
Yandex.Metrica — №1 web analytics system in Russia, №2 in the world.
(~25 bln. events/day, we must store all of them
in non-aggregated form for customizable reports)
"Evolution of Data Structures in Yandex Metrica"
http://highscalability.com/blog/2017/9/18/evolution-of-data-structures-in-yandexmetrica.html
1. Efficiency;
2. Flexibility;
3. Scalability;
4. Cost.
Nothing was suitable. Then we developed ClickHouse.
2010 — start of development
2012 — first production usages
2015 — launch of Metrica 2
2016 — open-source
In Yandex, ClickHouse has proven to be easy of use.
For example, we have detailed documentation from the beginning.
In 2012..2016, ClickHouse gained a widespread inside Yandex:
Mail, Comparison Shopping, Ads, Webmaster Tools, Infrastructure, Business Analytics...
Yandex analysts installed ClickHouse on their own VMs without any assistance.
* If you want to try ClickHouse, single server will be enough.
We think ClickHouse is too good to be used solely by Yandex.
We made it open-source. License: Apache 2.0.
https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse/
For well structured, clean, immutable events.
Click stream. Web analytics. Adv. networks. RTB. E-commerce.
Analytics for online games. Sensor and monitoring data. Telecom data.
OLTP
ClickHouse doesn't have UPDATE statement and full-featured transactions.
Key-Value
If you want high load of small single-row queries, please use another system.
Blob-store, document oriented
ClickHouse is intended for vast amount of fine-grained data.
Over-normalized data
Better to make up single wide fact table with pre-joined dimensions.
More than 100 companies are already using ClickHouse.
Examples: Cloudflare, Vertamedia, Mail.ru, Carto, Lifestreet...
How do we analyze over O(100B) DNS requests daily.
"ClickHouse enables us and our customers to explore the the dataset in real time to get operational insights. Due to many of the optimizations built into ClickHouse we are able to store the data for a long time allowing us to look events is perspective and at historical trends."
Bioinformatics — evolutionary genetics:
https://github.com/msestak/FindOrigin
"We are exploring evolution of novel genes in genomes because if seems that genomes are far from being static as previously believed and what actually happens is that new genes are constantly being added and old genes are lost."
Search engine and analytics for Bitcoin transactions:
https://blockchair.com/
"We have quite large tables on just single server and everything works really fast — with any filters and sorting everything is processed just instantly."
Example:CREATE TABLE table ON CLUSTER cluster ...
https://github.com/ClickHouse/clickhouse-odbc/releases/latest
Now ClickHouse works with Tableau.
Limited support for table aliases and qualified identifiers.
SELECT t.column FROM table AS t
Support for aliases of functions and data types.
SELECT CAST(123 AS INT)
Allow both `MySQL` style and "ANSI" style quotes for identifiers.
SQL style escaping in string literals.
Type conversions in INSERT SELECT
Automatic failover for lagged replicas:
SET max_replica_delay_for_distributed_queries = 300,
fallback_to_stale_replicas_for_distributed_queries = 1;
Failover for replicas where table doesn't exist.
Manually disable replica from leader election:
Example: conf.d/disable_leadership.xml:
<yandex><merge_tree><replicated_can_become_leader>0</replicated_can_become_leader></merge_tree></yandex>
Synchronous INSERTs into Distributed tables:
SET insert_distributed_sync = 1;
Allow to load parts of configuration from ZooKeeper:
<remote_servers from_zk="/path/to/node" />
Isolation of users in ZooKeeper (chroot, authentication, ACL).
SYSTEM queries:
SYSTEM RELOAD DICTIONARY 'my_dict';
Portable clickhouse binary:
milovidov@milovidov-xenial:~$ scp ./clickhouse milovidov-centos:~
Dictionary database and tables
CREATE DATABASE dictionaries ENGINE = Dictionary
Invalidate query for dictionaries
<invalidate_query>
SELECT update_time FROM dictionary_source where id = 1
</invalidate_query>
ip_trie type of dictionary (contributed by CloudFlare)
MySQL dictionary over socket;
over SSL connection (contributed by Mail.ru)
pointInPolygon
... WHERE pointInPolygon((lat, lon),
[(x1, y1), (x2, y2), (x3, y3)...])
pointInEllipses
greatCircleDistance
substring with dynamic and negative arguments
concat for arrays, arraySlice
arrayPushBack, arrayPushFront, arrayPopBack, arrayPopFront
arrayStringConcat
ALTER table CLEAR COLUMN IN PARTITION
— clear old data for specific column;
OPTIMIZE TABLE ... PARTITION ... DEDUPLICATE
— cleanup accidentially duplicated data
Limited support for ALTER of primary key columns:
Enum, Date <-> UInt16, DateTime <-> UInt32
Sessions in HTTP interface
curl 'http://host:port/?session_id=123&session_timeout=60' \
-d 'CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE t'
Allow to send progress info in HTTP interface
...&send_progress_in_http_headers=1
Support for HTTPS in clickhouse-server
On the way: Support for SSL in native protocol
WITH ... SELECT
Type conversions for Merge tables
Allow to skip errors in INSERT data: input_format_allow_errors_*
- dictionary for ranges of IP-addresses (CloudFlare)
- infer index use with pk subexpression (CloudFlare)
- sumMap aggregate function (CloudFlare)
- topK aggregate function (CloudFlare)
- fix for shuffle in choosing ZK server (CloudFlare)
- fix of UNION ALL (Unknown Chinese Company)
- SSL for MySQL dictionaries (Mail.ru)
- UUID data type and functions (Guillaume Tassery)
- functions for MAC addresses (Dmitry Luhtionov)
- findClusterIndex, findClusterValue (mfridental)
- ForEach combinator for aggregate functions (mfridental)
- 'none' compression method (Sematext Group, Inc.)
- update zstd (SAKURA Internet Inc.)
Almost ready :)
Nov .. Dec 2017
In design stage.
Q1/Q2 2018
JOINs rectification
Resource pools (CPU, disk IO, network bandwidth)
Web site: https://clickhouse.com/
Google groups: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/clickhouse
Maillist<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Telegram channel: https://telegram.me/clickhouse_en
and https://telegram.me/clickhouse_ru (now with 983 members)
Twitter: https://twitter.com/ClickHouseDB
HTTP REST
clickhouse-client
JDBC, ODBC
Python, PHP, Perl, Go,
Node.js, Ruby, C++, .NET, Scala, R, Julia, Rust
Tabix (tabix.io) — specifically developed for ClickHouse.
And also:
Grafana, Redash, Apache Zeppelin,
Superset… Tableau


menu
help
notifications_none
exit_to_app
John Doe
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>dashboard
Dashboard
contacts
Contacts
description
Invoices
business_center
Payments
build
Tools
Calendar
Tasks
Email
Documents
assignment
Reports
Invoice Details
Payment Details
Customer Balance
Past Due
call
Support
Contact us
Help
account_circle
MyAccount
Company Info
Perfernces
Users
Billing
Legal
First Name
Lastname
Company
Email
Phone
Cell


Find a Doctor
Location:
Seattle
Portland
Houston
San Antonio
Austin
Keyword:
Search by Keyword
Doctor Name:
Search by Name
Powered by:
BetterDoctor API


Where does your food come from?
Crop percentages through time
Apples
in
the World
in
1961
Apples
Avocados
Bananas
Barley
Cabbages
Dates
Grapes
Mangoes
Maize
Millet
Onions
Potatoes
Quinoa
Rice
Root Vegetables
Rye
Sorghum
Sugar Cane
Wheat


What kind of variable is label?
public class Labeller extends JFrame { public Labeller () { JLabel label = new JLabel("Field or Variable"); } public static void main (String[] args) { new Labeller(); } }
Variables that are instantiated within a method are local to the function. Primitives are raw values such as ints, booleans and chars.


[§8-24Ōlelo Hawaii Month.] (a) Mahina Ōlelo Hawaii. E ike mau a e kapa ia ana ae ka mahina o Pepeluali o ia ka "Mahina Ōlelo Hawaii" i mea e hoomaikai a e paipai aku ai i ka ōlelo ana o ua ōlelo makuahine nei la. Aole e kū ana kēia mahina i kapa ia ka "Mahina Ōlelo Hawaii" i lānui o ka mokuāina o Hawaii.
(b) Ōlelo Hawaii Month. The month of February shall be known and designated as "Ōlelo Hawaii Month" to celebrate and encourage the use of Hawaiian language. This month is not and shall not be construed as a state holiday. [L 2013, c 28, §2]
Revision Note
The two new sections enacted were redesignated as subsections (a) and (b) pursuant to §23G-15.


GitHub organization name where your repository stored.
GitHub repository where your build stored.
API token generated for access to your Repository. Should at least have repo rights.
Secret key generated for your webhook.
Some features like "Test Merge Changelog" require special rights. Master users are those who have these rights.


The Composum Platform is a Web application platform based on the Apache Sling framework. The platform support content management, asset management and fast application development.


--- title: FREE HORTICULTURE SPOTLIGHT LECTURE SERIES date: "2016-05-16" published: false categories: - events - fall - spring - summer - free subtitle: five free and interesting lectures to choose from layout: events event-image: horticulture-spotlight-lecture-series.jpg event-dates: VARIOUS DATES MAY 16-SEPTEMBER 19 event-location: Red Butte Garden Visitor Center button-type: '' tickets-link: '' calendar-link: '' member-sale-date: N/A public-sale-date: N/A member-cost: Free public-cost: Free event-notes: free admission tickets-button: '' calendar-button: '' ---
Thank you for attending the 2016 Horticulture Spotlight Lecture Series.
Check back next spring for the 2017 Lecture Series dates and topics.
All lectures from 6:30 - 7:30PM
Lectures are Free but registration with USU Extension is required.


Interactive Exoplanet Map
Time/Distance Scale
Light Years
Parsecs
Generations
Detection Method
Transit
Radial Velocity
Planet Size Filter
Jovian
Neptunian
Superterran
Terran


I was still living with my parents near Glasgow, saving towards a deposit for somewhere to live on my own. So it was inevitable I would look for a show, and Carousel was it.
I felt a little more able to relax into the dancing, but was still very nervous. However, I thoroughly enjoyed my time doing the show and this time my voice held out for the week!


remquo
, remquof
—remainder and part of quotient#include <math.h> double remquo(double x, double y, int *quo); float remquof(float x, float y, int *quo);
Description
The remquo
functions compute the same remainder as the remainder
functions; this value is in the range -y/2 ... +y/2. In the object
pointed to by quo
they store a value whose sign is the sign of x
/y
and whose magnitude is congruent modulo 2**n to the magnitude of the integral
quotient of x
/y
. (That is, quo
is given the n lsbs of the
quotient, not counting the sign.) This implementation uses n=31 if int is 32
bits or more, otherwise, n is 1 less than the width of int.
For example:
remquo(-29.0, 3.0, &quo)
returns -1.0 and sets quo=10, and
remquo(-98307.0, 3.0, &quo)
returns -0.0 and sets quo=-32769, although for 16-bit int, quo=-1. In the latter case, the actual quotient of -(32769=0x8001) is reduced to -1 because of the 15-bit limitation for the quotient.
Returns
remquo
functions return x REM y.
Bugs
remquo
(subnormal, inf) to cause the "underflow"
floating-point exception. This implementation does not.
Portability


{% load socialaccount %} {% get_providers as socialaccount_providers %} {% with process|default:'login' as process %}


You have no hearings booked.
| Case Name | Scheduled Date | Delete |
|---|---|---|
| {{hearing.case_name}} | {{hearing.scheduled_date.toLocaleString()}} |
You have no users allocated.
| Username | Expires At | Password | Unallocate |
|---|---|---|---|
| {{allocation.username}} | {{allocation.expires_at.toLocaleString()}} |


Before Change
def get_updates(self, params, constraints, loss):
grads = self.get_gradients(loss, params)
shapes = [K.get_variable_shape(p) for p in params]
accumulators = [K.zeros(shape) for shape in shapes]
self.weights = accumulators
self.updates = []
lr = self.lr
After Change
def get_updates(self, params, constraints, loss):
grads = self.get_gradients(loss, params)
accumulators = [K.zeros(K.get_variable_shape(p), dtype=K.dtype(p)) for p in params]
self.weights = accumulators
self.updates = []
lr = self.lr


{% extends "app/layout.html" %} {% include 'app/messages.html' %} {% block content %}
Search
Tailor your searches how you like, and make a decision for yourself.
Randomizer:
Have a random place chosen for you, given a set of search criteria.
Stars:
These let the app know which places you really like, so that you never forget.
Thumbs up:
These let the app know what you like, so similar places are suggested (color shading).
Thumbs down:
These let the app know what you don't like, which disables most features for them.
Voting:
Create a group, and start a vote to decide where you want to eat with your group.


Will Epperson
Hello and welcome! I am a PhD student in the Human Computer Interaction Institute at Carnegie Mellon University. I work in the DIG research group and am advised by Dominik Moritz and Adam Perer.
I did my undergrad at Georgia Tech where I studied Computer Science and researched intersectional ML model errors with Polo Chau.
I build interactive tools to help data scientists better understand and make decisions with their data by automating the tedious parts of analysis and letting analysts spend more time focused on data insights. Data quality issues are often “silent” – models will still train but predictions will be inaccurate or dashboards may unknowingly present inaccurate metrics, making data understanding and debugging a critical part of analysis. My research explores how to best support data debugging through tools that model user interest during analysis, augment their data programming environment with automatic visualization, and support reusing previous analysis workflows.
I've spent time at Databricks, Microsoft Research, and Point72 Asset Management in various roles.
Recent Research Publications
Solas is a visualization recommendation tool that uses the history of analysis for in situ recommendations in Jupyter.
EuroVis
2022
Interviews and a survey with 149 data scientists at Microsoft revealed five distinct strategies for sharing and reusing analysis code along with factors that encourage or discourage reuse.
ICSE
2022
Diff in the Loop supports tracking, comparing, and visualizing differences in datasets during iterative data analysis.
CHI
2022


International Links
- Belgian nuclear research centre SCK CEN (Mol, Belgium).
- University of Zagreb (Zagreb, Croatia).
- Laboratoire d'Informatique Gaspard Monge, Université Paris Est (Paris, France).
- Laboratory of Quantum Physics, Pierre and Marie Curie University (Paris, France).
- L'Université Paris-Sud 11 (Paris, France).
- L'Université Paris-VI (Paris, France).
- University of Hagen (Hagen, Germany).
- Bielefeld University (Bielefeld, Germany).
- Max Planck Institute (Stuttgart, Germany).
- Bayreuth University (Bayreuth, Germany).
- Offenburg University of Applied Sciences (Offenburg, Germany).
- Regensburg University (Regensburg, Germany).
- Würzburg University (Würzburg, Germany).
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Solid State Physics (Athens, Greece).
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences (Chennai, India)
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Condensed Matter Physics (Rehovot, Israel).
- Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics (Trieste, Italy).
- Institute for Physical and Chemical Research RIKEN (Tokyo, Japan).
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (Okinawa, Japan).
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (Daejeon, Republic of Korea).
- Seoul National University (Seoul, Republic of Korea).
- Institute for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Sciences (Daejeon, Republic of Korea).
- Laboratoire J.-V. Poncelet, Independent University of Moscow (Moscow, Russia).
- Saint-Petersburg University (Saint-Petersburg, Russia).
- Institute of Metal Superplasticity Problems RAS (Ufa, Russia).
- P.J. Shafarik University in Kosice (Kosice, Slovak Republic).
- Gothenburg University (Gothenburg, Sweden).
- Chalmers University of Technology (Göteborg, Sweden).
- Linköping University (Linköping, Sweden).
- University College London (London, United Kingdom).
- Queen Mary University of London (London, United Kingdom).
- University of Birmingham (United Kingdom).
- Cambridge University (Cambridge, United Kingdom).
- University of California UCLA (Los Angeles, USA).
- University of Washington, Department of Solid State Physics (Seattle, USA).
- Carnegie Institution of Washington (Washington, USA).
- Georgia Institute of Technology (Atlanta, USA).
- Los-Alamos Center of Nonlinear Studies (Los-Alamos, USA).
- Iowa State University (Ames, USA).


Recently, the Zope developer community has started taking these ideas seriously, and is starting to change its testing strategy. This can only be a win for them: better test coverage and documentation driven by user needs.
--- layout: post title: "Tests and documentation good but different" date: 2010-04-18 comments: false ---


Retrieve Password
{% include 'snippets/status.html' %}Enter the email associated with your account. We'll reset your password and send the temporary password to your email address.
{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}{{ PROJECT_NAME }} | Forgot Password{% endblock %} {% block content %}
Enter the email associated with your account. We'll reset your password and send the temporary password to your email address.


--- layout: page title: Projects ---
Here are some of the projects I have worked on (or am currently working on).
Description of project.


Brayoh Pizza Palace
HOME
ABOUT US
CONTACT US
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indicates required
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Programmer with experience programming in various languages, such as C#, Java, Python, HTML+(CSS, JS), and more to come!
Tic-Tac-Toe Game Coded in C#
Factorial Calculator Coded in C#
Caesar Cipher Encryptor/Decryptor Coded in C#
Website/User Blocker Coded in C# as part of a Network Security Module Project
Dashboard/Incident Response Toolkit Coded in C# as part of a Network Security Project
Random Quote Machine Coded in HTML+(CSS+JS)
Tribute Website Coded in HTML+(CSS+JS)
Progress Checker Page Coded in HTML+(CSS+JS) as part of a Web Dev Project
ChatBot Coded in Java
Leave your contact information and i would get back to you!
Twitter
Github
LinkedIn
FreeCodeCamp


**Acknowledgements** Thanks to readers Apoorva Joshi, Jason Stone, Becker, Matthew Heimlich, Frank He, Benjamin Summerton, Marcus Ottosson and Lorenzeo Mancini for finding bugs, and to the [limnu.com][] team with help on the figures. [limnu.com]: https://limnu.com/


In order to build Catalina, you will need to download and install the
software components that it relies on, as follows. In the descriptions
below, $JAKARTA_HOME
is assumed to be the directory into which
you are installing the required Jakarta modules. It is assumed that
you are using CVS to access the Jakarta source code repositories, as
described at
Download and install a version 1.2 (or later) Java Development Kit (JDK)
implementation for your operating system platform. Set a
JAVA_HOME
environment variable to point at the directory where
your JDK is installed, and add $JAVA_HOME/bin
to your
PATH
. In addition, configure the CLASSPATH
environment variable as described below to reflect the other packages
that are installed, or place the relevant JAR files into your JDK
extensions directory ($JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/ext
).
If you are running a JDK earlier than version 1.3, download and install
the current version of the Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) package
from http://java.sun.com/products/jndi. None of the JNDI providers are required (unless you need to use them
in your own applications), but the jndi.jar
file must be available
on the class path or as a system extension.
If you want to build in support for JNDI JDBC DataSources you need to download the following packages and put their jar files in your classpath.
Download and install the current version of the Java API for XML Parsing
(JAXP) implementation from
http://java.sun.com/xml. Set an
environment variable JAXP_HOME
that points at the directory
to which you installed the distribution.
Download and install the current version of the Java Secure Sockets
Extension (JSSE) implementation from
http://java.sun.com/products/jsse.
Set an environment variable JSSE_HOME
that points at the
directory to which you installed the distribution.
Using CVS, check out the jakarta-ant
module from
the Jakarta CVS repository into $JAKARTA_HOME/jakarta-ant
.
Then, build Ant by executing the following:
./bootstrap.sh <-- Unix bootstrap <-- Windows
Set an environment variable ANT_HOME
that points at the
directory where you installed the Ant module, if you placed it
in any location other than $JAKARTA_HOME/jakarta-ant
.
Using CVS, check out the jakarta-regexp
module from
the Jakarta CVS repository into $JAKARTA_HOME/jakarta-regexp
.
Then, build the regular expression library by executing the following:
cd build ./build-regexp.sh <-- Unix build-regexp <-- Windows
Set an environment variable REGEXP_HOME
that points at the
directory where you installed the Regexp module if you placed it
in any location other than $JAKARTA_HOME/jakarta-regexp
.
Using CVS, check out the jakarta-servletapi
module from
the Jakarta CVS repository into $JAKARTA_HOME/jakarta-servletapi
.
Then, update to the branch containing the servlet 2.3 / JSP 1.2 classes
(only need to do this once in a checked out directory) and build it:
cd $JAKARTA_HOME/jakarta-servletapi <-- Unix cvs update -r SERVLET_23_JSP_12 <-- Unix ./build.sh dist <-- Unix cd $JAKARTA_HOME\jakarta-serletapi <-- Windows cvs update -r SERVLET_23_JSP_12 <-- Windows build dist <-- Windows
Set an environment variable SERVLETAPI_HOME
that points at
the directory where you installed the Servletapi module if you placed it
in any location other than $JAKARTA_HOME/jakarta-servletapi
.
Using CVS, check out the jakarta-tomcat-4.0
module from
the Jakarta CVS repository into $JAKARTA_HOME/jakarta-tomcat-4.0
.
The Catalina source code is in directory catalina
in this
module.
To build a Tomcat that contains Catalina, Jasper, and the sample webapps, do the following:
cd $JAKARTA_HOME/jakarta-tomcat-4.0 <-- Unix ./build.sh <-- Unix cd $JAKARTA_HOME\jakarta-tomcat-4.0 <-- Windows build <-- Windows
which will build into directory $JAKARTA_HOME/build/tomcat-4.0
.
You can create a distribution build (that matches the directory layout of the
nightly builds) by adding a dist
target to the build command.
If you wish to build just the Catalina component, do this instead:
cd $JAKARTA_HOME/jakarta-tomcat-4.0 <-- Unix cd catalina <-- Unix ./build.sh <-- Unix cd $JAKARTA_HOME\jakarta-tomcat-4.0 <-- Windows cd catalina <-- Windows build <-- Windows
which will build into directory $JAKARTA_HOME/build/catalina
.
If you have built a Tomcat build, you can test it as follows:
cd $JAKARTA_HOME/build/tomcat-4.0 <-- Unix ./bin/catalina.sh start <-- Unix cd $JAKARTA_HOME\build\tomcat-4.0 <-- Windows .\bin\catalina start <-- Windows
To access the default content and examples, access the following URL with your web browser:
http://localhost:8080
To shut down Tomcat, execute the following commands:
cd $JAKARTA_HOME/build/tomcat-4.0 <-- Unix ./bin/catalina.sh stop <-- Unix cd $JAKARTA_HOME\build\tomcat-4.0 <-- Windows .\bin\catalina stop <-- Windows
The bug reporting system we are using can be reached via http://jakarta.apache.org/bugs. Please use the product category "Catalina" for issues specific to Catalina.
Before committing any changes to the jakarta-tomcat-4.0
CVS module, you must ensure that a complete build of the entire workspace
is successful, and that all of the tests run correctly.


Business & Project Development, Customer Services, E-commerce, Cyber & Gaming Cafeteria, Web Development & Trainings, Human Asset Management & Administration, Real Estate Management, Student, Travelling & Tourism. I'm an experienced Microsoft Windows Troubleshooter.
Co-ordinate worker administrative details for Okpella Cement Plc. Maintain up-to-date Fleet records with performance analysis, Vehicle documentations & renewals. Filing & Cataloguing operating expense, Information Technology Artisan.
Executed group policy for Joint Venture - DSWAL at Ikeja Assembling Plant. Implemented directives from Project Director. Processing of workers administrative details. Organize presentation and trainings.
Community secretary for Dangote cement Project at Itori, Ewekoro. Casual workers recordkeeping, Facilitate cooperation with the Community member. Executive directives from Head of External Relations.
Production quality assurance, monitor and control production resouces, Assistant Plant Manager, Production record keeping, Executive directives from Production Manager.
PASS
GPA: 3.38
Apart from when am working or reading, i enjoy most of my time being outdoors. I also enjoy trekking & hiking hilly terrains.
When forced indoors, i play football and adventure games on PS4, i read and catch up with science updates. I also spend time on Edx class & Google Learning.


Pirate (ARRR) is a cryptocurrency that solves the issue of financial privacy on the blockchain through forced anonymous transactions. Protect your wallet and transactions with Pirate’s completely anonymous network. With forced private transactions, your privacy cannot be compromised by another users’ activity on the network. If you wish to learn more, please join the official Pirate Discord at https://pirate.black/discord/ or message FishyGuts#5085, who will be happy to help out.
100 messages
Before 05-Dec-19 12:00 AM
gjash24-Sep-18 12:55 PM
Seems this is not for komodod.
I'm drunk.
SHossain24-Sep-18 12:56 PM
@gjash don't worry. which OS you are using?
grewalsatinder24-Sep-18 12:56 PM
@SHossain I see you sent mined t funds to notary t funds...
now, we have funds in 2 different official NN address
grewalsatinder24-Sep-18 12:57 PM
perfect
and it's about 3k funds
so possibly good for long time
SHossain24-Sep-18 12:58 PM
credit goes to @jl777c for tirelessly working on this with noob like me
grewalsatinder24-Sep-18 12:59 PM
you are one hard core noob we ever had
may we get such more noobs
1
1
SHossain24-Sep-18 01:00 PM
@webworker01 as soon as you are able to do it, would be better. your pool is the largest
@webworker01 you can co-ordinate an end date for this
for the logo comp i mean
i didn't notice any hardfork
i guess explorer is on right chain
as well as my other nodes
grewalsatinder24-Sep-18 01:06 PM
want to confirm if my node is on right chain and not on fork.
can someone please confirm this:
$ pirate-cli getblockcount
36690
$ pirate-cli getbestblockhash
0000001db22be9769ccc447f4369007fefe17f8786aeb26f4be95d7c471d4983
@SHossain sorry, but I need a bit more help. I got my wallet to stop. There's no komodo folder where the pirate application is. my pirate_7776 is in a subfolder inside agama. can I just run the rest of the lines from the same folder of where komodo_cli is?
SHossain24-Sep-18 01:31 PM
wookie, if you are using Agama, you need to wait for the next release
A classic! Lyrics: its 3 am - sippin on a vault and chewing on pizza getting these warez down nerd life preacher im the warez loder pleased to meet ya whos t...


|
CS 391 Selected Topics: Game AI Homework #2 |
Due Thursday 2/4 at the beginning of class.Note: This work is to be done in groups of 2. Each group will submit one assignment. Although
you may divide the work, both team members should be able to present/describe
their partner's work upon request.
FreeCellNode
- Create a search node implementation for FreeCell that makes use of the
supplied Card and Shuffle classes to allow the initialization and play of
any Microsoft Freecell shuffle.
- Specifications for children expansion:
- When printing solutions, follow the
notation of the
FreeCell solutions site.
- Allow
supermoves.
- Implement safe autoplay to the foundation initially (upon
construction) and after each play according to NetCELL's safe autoplay
rules. From the
FreeCell FAQ:
-
A deal where all of the cards go home at the start is easy to
construct, but it is fantastically unlikely for such a deal to occur
at random, since Microsoft FreeCell or FreeCell Pro only plays an
available card to its homecell automatically when all of the
lower-ranked cards of the opposite color are already on the
homecells (except that a two is played if the corresponding ace is
on its homecell); aces are always played when available. This is one
version of what can be called safe
autoplay.
NetCELL uses a more aggressive rule, making all of the plays that MS
FreeCell makes, but also playing an available card if both homecells
of the opposite color are within two ranks of that card and the
homecell of the same color and opposite suit is within three ranks.
For example, in NetCELL 28865-5, the four of diamonds is played as
soon as the three of diamonds, both black twos, and the ace of
hearts are on the homecells. The reason for this is that the four of
diamonds is not needed on the tableau to hold either black three,
since both can go to their homecells as soon as they are available,
and the black threes are not needed to hold the two of hearts, since
it can also go to its homecell as soon as it is available. (NetCELL
plays as many cards as possible under this rule as soon as the cards
are dealt; MS FC and FCPro don't do anything until the player moves
the first card).
- If there is more than one free
cell, play to the leftmost cell only.
- If there is more than one empty cascade, play to the
leftmost empty cascade only.
It appears that the convention for a supermove to
an empty column is to move as many cards as possible. “All moves to
empty columns are column moves rather than single card moves.” (http://www.solitairelaboratory.com/solutioncatalog.html)
Presumably this does not disallow
solutions because any solution that requires a lesser card movement
could be replicated through other legal moves (e.g. single card moves in
the worst case). Thus a
column move “ij” where j is empty is presumed to be a maximal movement
of cards from i to j.
- It will be advantageous to override the hashcode method
for your node to create an int key to help with repeated state checking.
One way to do this is to define a toString method (highly recommended) and
have hashcode return toString().hashcode(). Collisions are possible,
... but are they probable?
- For different powers of 10 (until either out of default
Java memory or exceeding 2 minutes), generate and store that many random
FreeCell nodes and record the time and max size of the process.
- Call System.currentTimeMillis() before and after the
generation of nodes and compute the difference. Report results in
milliseconds.
- Store generated nodes in an ArrayList.
- Generate nodes as follows: Generate a random seed in
the range 1-1,000,000 and use it to create an initial shuffle with that
seed. Create and store the root node. While the node expansion
generates children, pick a random child, store it, and repeat for its
children. Do this for a maximum of 50 iterations or until there
are no moves, then repeat with a new random seed until the desired
number of nodes have been generated.
- Sample testing
code
- Plot the growth in time and space (e.g. using a
spreadsheet program) using reasonable scales (e.g. log-log, semi-log,
etc.).


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Deutsch | Français | Visit the project website
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).
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Double hyphens (--
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When converting from a language style to typewriter style, dashes might be replaced automatically with double hyphens (--
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Dialog view is only possible in a language style.
When going back from Dialog view to normal view, the whole document’s font colour is set to black.
You can install several language variants in parallel. Use the exchange format to convert quotation marks between different languages.
Conversion th the exchange format is only possible from a language style.


{% trans 'Instructions for service providers'%}
{% blocktrans %} Assistance on Demand platform uses the Paypal as a payment gateway. If you want to provide services to other users including a fee, you have to enter here the credentials of your Paypal app and grant with permissions the platform to use your credentials for the interconnection with the Paypal services. {% endblocktrans %}
{% trans 'Each provider should follow the next steps in order to sell services:' %}
- {% trans 'Create a bussiness account in Paypal' %} ({% trans 'here' %})
- {% trans 'Create a application in Paypal and retrieve the client id and client secret of it' %}
- {% trans 'Enter the client id and client secret of the application below' %}
- {% trans 'Overview the list of your services and offer one service with a fee' %} ({% trans 'here' %})
{% trans 'Skip the above procedure in case that you offer services for free.' %}


test.test_sql.test_resources package¶
Submodules¶
test.test_sql.test_resources.test_add_item module¶
test.test_sql.test_resources.test_delete_item module¶
test.test_sql.test_resources.test_get_items module¶
test.test_sql.test_resources.test_item module¶
test.test_sql.test_resources.test_put_item module¶
test.test_sql.test_resources.test_quality module¶
-
test.test_sql.test_resources.test_quality.
test_quality
(client)[source]¶ Test the GET request of Quality resource, test if since a request it can get an item by its quality
- Parameters
client (test_client Flask) – It’s the test_client() object from APP Flask
-
test.test_sql.test_resources.test_quality.
test_quality_fail
(client)[source]¶ Test the GET request of Quality resource, test if since a request it can get an item by its quality, but this quality isn’t belong to any items
- Parameters
client (test_client Flask) – It’s the test_client() object from APP Flask
test.test_sql.test_resources.test_sellin module¶
-
test.test_sql.test_resources.test_sellin.
test_sell_in
(client)[source]¶ Test the GET request of Sellin resource, test if since a request it can get an item by its sell_in
- Parameters
client (test_client Flask) – It’s the test_client() object from APP Flask
-
test.test_sql.test_resources.test_sellin.
test_sell_in_fail
(client)[source]¶ Test the GET request of Sellin resource, test if since a request it can get an item by its sell_in, but this sell_in isn’t belong to any items
- Parameters
client (test_client Flask) – It’s the test_client() object from APP Flask


You will need to find answers to 10 questions by searching the web using our search interface provided below. In this contest you will need to use your best search skills, general knowledge, and quick thinking. We hope this contest is fun, and challenges you to use search creatively!
The best players (who submit correct answers to the most questions, following the rules below) will receive a small $5 gift certificate as a prize. You would have to provide a valid email address to receive the certificate code.
There will be 10 questions. The maximum time allotted to answer each question is 10 minutes. The answer must consist of two parts:
You should only search using our search interface and only browse
pages through our proxy
Finally, your browser must support cookies.
Since this is a research project, the judging of the best players will be done by a separate team of volunteer assessors, by manually reviewing the answers and the browsing logs. Thus, we reserve the right to award one, all, or none of the players, depending on the quality of the submissions.