Link types
The following table summarizes the link types that are defined by this specification, by their
corresponding keywords. This table is non-normative; the actual definitions for the link types are
given in the next few sections.
In this section, the term referenced document refers to the resource identified by the
element representing the link, and the term current document refers to the resource within
which the element representing the link finds itself.
To determine which link types apply to a link
, a
, area
,
or form
element, the element's rel
attribute must be split on ASCII whitespace. The resulting tokens
are the keywords for the link types that apply to that element.
Except where otherwise specified, a keyword must not be specified more than once per rel
attribute.
Some of the sections that follow the table below list synonyms for certain keywords. The
indicated synonyms are to be handled as specified by user agents, but must
not be used in documents (for example, the keyword "copyright
").
Keywords are always ASCII case-insensitive, and must be
compared as such.
Thus, rel="next"
is the same as rel="NEXT"
.
Keywords that are body-ok affect whether link
elements are
allowed in the body. The body-ok keywords are
dns-prefetch
,
modulepreload
,
pingback
,
preconnect
,
prefetch
,
preload
,
prerender
, and
stylesheet
.
New link types that are to be implemented by web browsers are to be added to this standard. The
remainder can be registered as extensions.
| Link type |
Effect on... |
body-ok |
Brief description |
link |
a and area |
form |
alternate |
Hyperlink |
not allowed |
· |
Gives alternate representations of the current document. |
canonical |
Hyperlink |
not allowed |
· |
Gives the preferred URL for the current document. |
author |
Hyperlink |
not allowed |
· |
Gives a link to the author of the current document or article. |
bookmark |
not allowed |
Hyperlink |
not allowed |
· |
Gives the permalink for the nearest ancestor section. |
dns-prefetch |
External Resource |
not allowed |
Yes |
Specifies that the user agent should preemptively perform DNS resolution for the target resource's origin. |
external |
not allowed |
Annotation |
· |
Indicates that the referenced document is not part of the same site as the current document. |
help |
Hyperlink |
· |
Provides a link to context-sensitive help. |
icon |
External Resource |
not allowed |
· |
Imports an icon to represent the current document. |
manifest |
External Resource |
not allowed |
· |
Imports or links to an application manifest. |
modulepreload |
External Resource |
not allowed |
Yes |
Specifies that the user agent must preemptively fetch the module
script and store it in the document's module map for later
evaluation. Optionally, the module's dependencies can be fetched as well. |
license |
Hyperlink |
· |
Indicates that the main content of the current document is covered by the copyright license described by the referenced document. |
next |
Hyperlink |
· |
Indicates that the current document is a part of a series, and that the next document in the series is the referenced document. |
nofollow |
not allowed |
Annotation |
· |
Indicates that the current document's original author or publisher does not endorse the referenced document. |
noopener |
not allowed |
Annotation |
· |
Creates a top-level browsing context that is not an auxiliary
browsing context if the hyperlink would create either of those to begin with (i.e., has
an appropriate target attribute value). |
noreferrer |
not allowed |
Annotation |
· |
No `Referer ` (sic) header will be included.
Additionally, has the same effect as noopener . |
opener |
not allowed |
Annotation |
· |
Creates an auxiliary browsing context if the hyperlink would otherwise create
a top-level browsing context that is not an auxiliary browsing
context (i.e., has "_blank " as target attribute value). |
pingback |
External Resource |
not allowed |
Yes |
Gives the address of the pingback server that handles pingbacks to the current document. |
preconnect |
External Resource |
not allowed |
Yes |
Specifies that the user agent should preemptively connect to the target resource's origin. |
prefetch |
External Resource |
not allowed |
Yes |
Specifies that the user agent should preemptively fetch and cache the target resource as it is likely to be required for a followup navigation. |
preload |
External Resource |
not allowed |
Yes |
Specifies that the user agent must preemptively fetch and cache the target resource for current navigation according to the potential destination given by the as attribute (and the priority associated with the corresponding destination). |
prerender |
External Resource |
not allowed |
Yes |
Specifies that the user agent should preemptively fetch the target resource and process it in a way that helps deliver a faster response in the future. |
prev |
Hyperlink |
· |
Indicates that the current document is a part of a series, and that the previous document in the series is the referenced document. |
search |
Hyperlink |
· |
Gives a link to a resource that can be used to search through the current document and its related pages. |
stylesheet |
External Resource |
not allowed |
Yes |
Imports a style sheet. |
tag |
not allowed |
Hyperlink |
not allowed |
· |
Gives a tag (identified by the given address) that applies to the current document. |


A Drilldown widget is used for filtering entities by input parameters. For example, the entity is Country, and you need to find Countries where Region is Asia and Subregion is South Asia. That's the case where it's handy to use a Drilldown widget. As mentioned above, widget configuration requires a user to select a single entity type(Country) and supply group-by properties(Region and Subregion).
When the user clicks on a row, the widget refreshes to show a new state. We call this operation "drilling down."
When the user drills down, we check the group-by property list. If there are more properties below the last-selected property, we move to the next property in the list. The list of values inherits any previously-applied filters.
If there are no more properties in the group-by list, we show entities.
The current example makes a request only once, and then apply grouping rules for received data. You can easily predefine grouping rules and drilling state in the widget config or set these properties using the Configurator.
groupBy
and groups
contain keys of the Entity. Value of the property must be a string.
groups
field contains possible groupBy
options
To use search within the Data Source you need to use data source Features.
Data Source should implement IDataSource
interface
and have features property set.
Default way to do that is to declare the features:
And then pass it to the DataSourceFeatures
This part shows the actual widget definition. It includes, among other things, the components and providers that compose the widget itself.
This part shows the form that's used for configuring (creating/editing) the widget.


| Jump to DART Documentation Main Index |
This module provides definitions of specific observation types and generic variable quantities, routines for mapping between integer identifiers and string names, routines for reading and writing this information, and routines for determining whether and how to process observations from an observation sequence file.
The distinction between quantities and types is this: Quantities apply both to observations and to state vector variables. Knowing the QTY_xxx of an observation must be sufficient to compute the correct forward operator. The quantities also must be able to identify the different variables in the state vector. Types only apply to observations, and are usually observation-platform dependent. Making distinctions between different observation sources by using different types allows users to selectively assimilate, evaluate, or ignore them.
Generic quantities are associated with an observation type or with a model state variable. An example quantity is QTY_U_WIND_COMPONENT. Multiple different specific observation types can be associated with this generic quantity, for instance RADIOSONDE_U_WIND_COMPONENT, ACARS_U_WIND_COMPONENT, and SAT_U_WIND_COMPONENT. Generic quantities are defined via an integer parameter statement at the start of this module. As new generic quantities are needed they are added to this list. Generic quantity integer parameters are required to start with QTY_ and observation types are NOT allowed to start with QTY_.
Typically quantities are used by model-interface files models/xx/model_mod.f90, observation forward operator files observations/forward_operators/obs_def_xx_mod.f90, and observation converter programs observations/obs_converters/xx/xx.f90.
The obs_kind module being described here is created by the program preprocess from two categories of input files. First, a DEFAULT obs_kind module (normally called DEFAULT_obs_kind_mod.F90 and documented in this directory) is used as a template into which the preprocessor incorporates information from zero or more special obs_def modules (such as obs_def_1d_state_mod.f90 or obs_def_reanalysis_bufr_mod.f90) which are documented in the obs_def directory. If no special obs_def files are included in the preprocessor namelist, a minimal obs_kind_mod.f90 is created which can only support identity forward observation operators.
When making code changes remember to edit only the template file (normally DEFAULT_obs_kind_mod.F90) and not the obs_kind_mod.f90 file directly. All of the build scripts in DART remove the existing obs_kind and obs_def modules and regenerate them using the preprocess program and any direct changes will be lost.
To add an additional quantity, edit the assimilation_code/modules/observations/DEFAULT_obs_kind_mod.F90 file and add a unique number to the list of generic quantities at the top of the file. Then find the obs_kind_names initializer statements in the initialize_module() subroutine, and add an entry with the same index to define the string associated with the parameter. The names must be identical. If the number is larger than the current maximum, increase the value of max_defined_quantities. Run the preprocess program to generate the assimilation_code/modules/observations/obs_kind_mod.f90 file which will then be used by the rest of the DART system.
The obs_kind module contains an automatically-generated list of integer parameters, derived from the obs_def files, an integer parameter max_defined_types_of_obs, and an automatically-generated list of initializers for the obs_type_type derived type that defines the details of each observation type that has been created by the preprocess program. Each entry contains the integer index of the observation type, the string name of the observation type (which is identical to the F90 identifier), the integer index of the associated generic quantities, and three logicals indicating whether this observation type is to be assimilated, evaluated only (forward operator is computed but not assimilated), assimilated but has externally computed forward operator values in the input obsesrvation sequence file, or ignored entirely. The logicals initially default to .false. and are set to .true. via the &obs_kind_nml namelist. A second derived type obs_kind_type maps generic quantity parameters to the equivalent string names.
This namelist is read from the file input.nml. Namelists start with an ampersand '&' and terminate with a slash '/'. Character strings that contain a '/' must be enclosed in quotes to prevent them from prematurely terminating the namelist.
&obs_kind_nml assimilate_these_obs_types = 'null', evaluate_these_obs_types = 'null' use_precomputed_FOs_these_obs_types = 'null' /
Controls what observation types are to be assimilated, evaluated, or ignored. For each entry, a list of observation type names can be specified. Any name in the obs_type_type table is eligible. Specifying a name that is not in the table results in an error. Specifying the same name for both namelist entries also results in an error. Observation types specified in the list for assimilate_these_obs_types are assimilated. Those in the evaluate_these_obs_types list have their forward operators computed and included in diagnostic files but are not assimilated. An observation type that is specified in neither list is ignored. Identity observations, however, are always assimilated if present in the obs_seq.out file.
| Item | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| assimilate_these_obs_types | character(len=31), dimension(:) | Names of observation types to be assimilated. |
| evaluate_these_obs_types | character(len=31), dimension(:) | Names of observation types to be evaluated only. |
| use_precomputed_FOs_these_obs_types | character(len=31), dimension(:) | If the forward operator values have been precomputed outside of filter, for example for radiances or other compute intensive computations, the ensemble of forward operator values can be stored in the observation sequence file. For any type listed here, the forward operator interpolation code will not be called and the values in the file will be used instead. |
For example:
&obs_kind_nml assimilate_these_obs_types = 'RADIOSONDE_TEMPERATURE', 'RADIOSONDE_U_WIND_COMPONENT', 'RADIOSONDE_V_WIND_COMPONENT', evaluate_these_obs_types = 'RADIOSONDE_SURFACE_PRESSURE', use_precomputed_FOs_these_obs_types = 'RADIANCE' /would assimilate temperature and wind observations, but only compute the forward operators for surface pressure obs. Radiance observations have precomputed values for each ensemble member in the input observation sequence file which would be used instead of calling the forward operator code.
utilities_mod
A note about documentation style. Optional arguments are enclosed in brackets [like this].
The total number of available observation types in the obs_type_type table. This value is added by the preprocess program and depends on which obs_def_xxx_mod.f90 files are listed in the &preprocess_nml namelist. (Note that in spite of the name, this is the number of specific types, e.g. RADIOSONDE_TEMPERATURE, AIRCRAFT_SPECIFIC_HUMIDITY) and not the number of generic quantities.
There is also a function interface which is an alternate method to get this value. In some cases the code requires a parameter value known at compile time (for declaring a fixed length array, for example). For an array allocated at run time the size can be returned by the function interface.
integer :: get_num_types_of_obs
Returns the number of different specific observation types (e.g. RADIOSONDE_TEMPERATURE, AIRCRAFT_SPECIFIC_HUMIDITY) defined in the obs_kind_mod.f90 file. This file is generated by the preprocess program. This is the same value as the public 'max_defined_types_of_obs' above.
| var | Integer count of the total number of specific types defined in the obs_kind_mod.f90 file. |
integer :: get_num_quantities
Returns the number of different generic quantities (e.g. QTY_TEMPERATURE, QTY_SPECIFIC_HUMIDITY) defined in the obs_kind_mod.f90 file. This file is generated by the preprocess program.
| var | Integer count of the total number of generic quantities defined in the obs_kind_mod.f90 file. |
character(len=32) :: get_name_for_type_of_obs integer, intent(in) :: obs_kind_ind
Given an integer index return the string name of the corresponding specific observation type (e.g. "RADIOSONDE_TEMPERATURE", "AIRCRAFT_SPECIFIC_HUMIDITY"). This string is the same as the F90 identifier associated with the integer index.
| var | Name string associated with this entry in the obs_type_type table. |
| obs_kind_ind | An integer index into the obs_type_type table. |
character(len=32) :: get_name_for_quantity integer, intent(in) :: obs_kind_ind
Given an integer index return the string name of the corresponding generic quantity (e.g. "QTY_TEMPERATURE", "QTY_SPECIFIC_HUMIDITY"). This string is the same as the F90 identifier associated with the integer index.
| var | Name string associated with this entry in the obs_kind_type table. |
| obs_kind_ind | An integer index into the obs_kind_type table. |
integer :: get_index_for_type_of_obs character(len=32), intent(in) :: obs_kind_name
Given the name of a specific observation type (e.g. "RADIOSONDE_TEMPERATURE", "AIRCRAFT_SPECIFIC_HUMIDITY"), returns the index of the entry in the obs_type_type table with this name. If the name is not found in the table, a -1 is returned. The integer returned for a successful search is the value of the integer parameter with the same identifier as the name string.
| get_index_for_type_of_obs | Integer index into the obs_type_type table entry with name string corresponding to obs_kind_name. |
| obs_kind_name | Name of specific observation type found in obs_type_type table. |
integer :: get_index_for_quantity character(len=32), intent(in) :: obs_kind_name
Given the name of a generic quantity (e.g. "QTY_TEMPERATURE", "QTY_SPECIFIC_HUMIDITY"), returns the index of the entry in the obs_kind_type table with this name. If the name is not found in the table, a -1 is returned. The integer returned for a successful search is the value of the integer parameter with the same identifier as the name string.
| get_index_for_quantity | Integer index into the obs_kind_type table entry with name string corresponding to obs_kind_name. |
| obs_kind_name | Name of generic kind found in obs_kind_type table. |
logical :: assimilate_this_type_of_obs integer, intent(in) :: obs_kind_ind
Given the integer index associated with a specific observation type (e.g. RADIOSONDE_TEMPERATURE, AIRCRAFT_SPECIFIC_HUMIDITY), return true if this observation type is to be assimilated, otherwise false. The parameter defined by this name is used as an integer index into the obs_type_type table to return the status of this type.
| var | Returns true if this entry in the obs_type_type table is to be assimilated. |
| obs_kind_ind | An integer index into the obs_type_type table. |
logical :: evaluate_this_type_of_obs integer, intent(in) :: obs_kind_ind
Given the integer index associated with a specific observation type (e.g. RADIOSONDE_TEMPERATURE, AIRCRAFT_SPECIFIC_HUMIDITY), return true if this observation type is to be evaluated only, otherwise false. The parameter defined by this name is used as an integer index into the obs_type_type table to return the status of this type.
| var TD> | Returns true if this entry in the obs_type_type table is to be evaluated. |
| obs_kind_ind | An integer index into the obs_type_type table. |
integer :: get_quantity_for_type_of_obs integer, intent(in) :: obs_kind_ind
Given the integer index associated with a specific observation type (e.g. RADIOSONDE_TEMPERATURE, AIRCRAFT_SPECIFIC_HUMIDITY), return the generic quantity associated with this type (e.g. QTY_TEMPERATURE, QTY_SPECIFIC_HUMIDITY). The parameter defined by this name is used as an integer index into the obs_type_type table to return the generic quantity associated with this type.
| var TD> | Returns the integer GENERIC quantity index associated with this obs type. |
| obs_kind_ind | An integer index into the obs_type_type table. |
integer, intent(in) :: ifile character(len=*), optional, intent(in) :: fform integer, optional, intent(in) :: use_list(:)
Writes out information about all defined observation types from the obs_type_type table. For each entry in the table, the integer index of the observation type and the associated string are written. These appear in the header of an obs_sequence file. If given, the use_list(:) must be the same length as the max_obs_specific count. If greater than 0, the corresponding index will be written out; if 0 this entry is skipped. This allows a table of contents to be written which only includes those types actually being used.
| ifile | Unit number of output observation sequence file being written. |
| fform | Optional format for file. Default is FORMATTED. |
| use_list(:) | Optional integer array the same length as the number of specific types (from get_num_types_of_obs() or the public max_defined_types_of_obs). If value is larger than 0, the corresponding type information will be written out. If 0, it will be skipped. If this argument is not specified, all values will be written. |
integer, intent(in) :: ifile logical, intent(in) :: pre_I_format !(deprecated) character(len=*), optional, intent(in) :: fform
Reads the mapping between integer indices and observation type names from the header of an observation sequence file and prepares mapping to convert these to values defined in the obs_type_type table. If pre_I_format is true, there is no header in the observation sequence file and it is assumed that the integer indices for observation types in the file correspond to the storage order of the obs_type_type table (integer index 1 in the file corresponds to the first table entry, etc.) Support for pre_I_format is deprecated and may be dropped in future releases of DART.
| ifile | Unit number of output observation sequence file being written. |
| pre_I_format | True if the file being read has no obs type definition header (deprecated). |
| fform | Optional format for file. Default is FORMATTED. |
integer :: get_type_of_obs_from_menu
Interactive input of observation type. Prompts user with list of available types and validates entry before returning.
| var | Integer index of observation type. |
integer :: map_type_of_obs_table integer, intent(in) :: obs_def_index
Maps from the integer observation type index in the header block of an input observation sequence file into the corresponding entry in the obs_type_type table. This allows observation sequences that were created with different obs_kind_mod.f90 versions to be used with the current obs_kind_mod.
| var | Index of this observation type in obs_type_type table. |
| obs_def_index | Index of observation type from input observation sequence file. |
The current Fortran standards define the maximum length of a Fortran parameter to be 32 chars long. This named parameter can be used anyplace the string name length of a parameter is needed. All the specific types and generic quantities in DART are defined both as an integer parameter number for efficiency, and as a string variable when a descriptive or human-readable name is needed. The length of these names cannot exceed this parameter-name limit.
All generic quantities available are public parameters that begin with QTY_.
A list of all observation types that are available is provided as a set of integer parameter statements. The F90 identifiers are the same as the string names that are associated with this identifier in the obs_type_type table.
| Routine | Message | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| initialize_module | ______ from obs_kind_nml is not a legal observation kind | An observation type name that is not in the obs_type_type table has been specified to be assimilated or evaluted. |
| initialize_module | Illegal to evaluate and assimilate the same kind ______ | The same observation type name has been specified in both namelist entries. |
| map_type_of_obs_table | Couldnt find obs_def_index __ in obs_kind map. | An attempt to use an observation type that was NOT in the obs_sequence header. |
| read_type_of_obs_table | Didnt find obs_kind_definition string | An obs_sequence file that was expected to contain an obs_kind_definition list in its header did not. |
| read_type_of_obs_table | didnt find observation kind _____ in obs_kind_mod list | An observation type specified by name in an observation sequence file header was NOT found in the obs_type_type table. |
The terminology has evolved since the initial version of this code was developed, but since the names are part of the public interfaces they have remained constant and are now confusing. The current system makes a definite distinction between specific observation types versus generic state variable and observation quantities. However, the interfaces to the code in this module are still using 'kind' where they should be using 'type'. As a byproduct of the interface name confusion there is additional confusion inside other parts of the DART code where 'kind' is used for local variable names where it really is a 'type'.
As noted in the Overview, the real distinction is that knowing the QTY_xxx of an observation should be enough to compute the correct forward operator. The kinds also should be sufficient to identify the different variables in the state vector. The types are observation-platform dependent and allow users to select to assimilate and evaluate these as they choose.
DART software - Copyright UCAR. This open source software is provided by UCAR, "as is", without charge, subject to all terms of use at http://www.image.ucar.edu/DAReS/DART/DART_download


Python is a dynamically-typed language with no static type checking. Because of the way Python’s type checking works, as well as the deferred nature of runner execution, developer productivity can easily become bottle-necked by time spent investigating type-related errors.
The Apache Beam SDK for Python uses type hints during pipeline construction and runtime to try to emulate the correctness guarantees achieved by true static typing. Additionally, using type hints lays some groundwork that allows the backend service to perform efficient type deduction and registration of Coder
objects.
Python version 3.5 introduces a module called typing to provide hints for type validators in the language. The Beam SDK for Python, based on Python version 2.7, implements a subset of PEP 484 and aims to follow it as closely as possible in its own typehints module.
The Beam SDK for Python includes some automatic type checking: for example, some PTransform
s, such as Create
and simple ParDo
transforms, attempt to deduce their output type given their input. However, the Beam cannot infer types in all cases. Therefore, the recommendation is that you declare type hints to aid you in performing your own type checks if necessary.
When you use type hints, the runner raises exceptions during pipeline construction time, rather than runtime. For example, the runner generates an exception if it detects that your pipeline applies mismatched PTransforms
(where the expected outputs of one transform do not match the expected inputs of the following transform). These exceptions are raised at pipeline construction time, regardless of where your pipeline will execute. Introducing type hints for the PTransform
s you define allows you to catch potential bugs up front in the local runner, rather than after minutes of execution into a deep, complex pipeline.
Consider the following example, in which numbers
is a PCollection
of str
values:
p = TestPipeline(options=PipelineOptions(pipeline_type_check=True))
numbers = p | beam.Create(['1', '2', '3'])
The code then applies a Filter
transform to the numbers
collection with a callable that retrieves the even numbers.
evens = numbers | beam.Filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0)
When you call p.run()
, this code generates an error because Filter
expects a PCollection
of integers, but is given a PCollection
of strings instead.
You can declare type hints on callables, DoFn
s, or entire PTransforms
. There are two ways to declare type hints: inline during pipeline construction, or as properties of the DoFn
or PTransform
, using decorators.
You can always declare type hints inline, but if you need them for code that is going to be reused, declare them as decorators. For example, if your DoFn
requires an int
input, it makes more sense to declare the type hint for the input as a property of the DoFn
rather than inline.
To specify type hints inline, use the methods with_input_types
and with_output_types
. The following example code declares an input type hint inline:
evens = numbers | beam.Filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0).with_input_types(int)
When you apply the Filter transform to the numbers collection in the example above, you’ll be able to catch the error during pipeline construction.
To specify type hints as properties of a DoFn
or PTransform
, use the decorators @with_input_types()
and @with_output_types()
.
The following code declares an int
type hint on FilterEvensDoFn
, using the decorator @with_input_types()
.
@beam.typehints.with_input_types(int)
class FilterEvensDoFn(beam.DoFn):
def process(self, element):
if element % 2 == 0:
yield element
evens = numbers | beam.ParDo(FilterEvensDoFn())
Decorators receive an arbitrary number of positional and/or keyword arguments, typically interpreted in the context of the function they’re wrapping. Generally the first argument is a type hint for the main input, and additional arguments are type hints for side inputs.
You can use type hint annotations to define generic types. The following code specifies an input type hint that asserts the generic type T
, and an output type hint that asserts the type Tuple[int, T]
.
T = beam.typehints.TypeVariable('T')
@beam.typehints.with_input_types(T)
@beam.typehints.with_output_types(beam.typehints.Tuple[int, T])
class MyTransform(beam.PTransform):
def expand(self, pcoll):
return pcoll | beam.Map(lambda x: (len(x), x))
words_with_lens = words | MyTransform()
You can use type hints with any class, including Python primitive types, container classes, and user-defined classes. All classes, such as int
, float
, and user-defined classes, can be used to define type hints, called simple type hints. Container types such as lists, tuples, and iterables, can also be used to define type hints and are called parameterized type hints. Finally, there are some special types that don’t correspond to any concrete Python classes, such as Any
, Optional
, and Union
, that are also permitted as type hints.
Type hints can be of any class, from int
and str
, to user-defined classes. If you have a class as a type hint, you may want to define a coder for it.
Parameterized type hints are useful for hinting the types of container-like Python objects, such as list
. These type hints further refine the elements in those container objects.
The parameters for parameterized type hints can be simple types, parameterized types, or type variables. Element types that are type variables, such as T
, impose relationships between the inputs and outputs of an operation (for example, List[T]
-> T
). Type hints can be nested, allowing you to define type hints for complex types. For example, List[Tuple[int, int, str]]
.
In order to avoid conflicting with the namespace of the built-in container types, the first letter is capitalized.
The following parameterized type hints are permitted:
Tuple[T, U]
Tuple[T, ...]
List[T]
KV[T, U]
Dict[T, U]
Set[T]
Iterable[T]
Iterator[T]
Generator[T]
Note: The Tuple[T, U]
type hint is a tuple with a fixed number of heterogeneously typed elements, while the Tuple[T, ...]
type hint is a tuple with a variable of homogeneously typed elements.
The following are special type hints that don’t correspond to a class, but rather to special types introduced in PEP 484.
Any
Union[T, U, V]
Optional[T]
In addition to using type hints for type checking at pipeline construction, you can enable runtime type checking to check that actual elements satisfy the declared type constraints during pipeline execution.
For example, the following code would pass at both pipeline construction and runtime.
p | beam.Create(['a']) | beam.Map(lambda x: 3).with_output_types(str)
However, if you enable runtime type checking, the code passes at pipeline construction and fails at runtime. To enable runtime type checking, set the pipeline option runtime_type_check
to True
.
p | beam.Create(['a']) | beam.Map(lambda x: 3).with_output_types(str)
p.run()
When your pipeline reads, writes, or otherwise materializes its data, the elements in your PCollection
need to be encoded and decoded to and from byte strings. Byte strings are used for intermediate storage, for comparing keys in GroupByKey
operations, and for reading from sources and writing to sinks.
The Beam SDK for Python uses Python’s native support for serializing objects, a process called pickling, to serialize user functions. However, using the PickleCoder
comes with several drawbacks: it is less efficient in time and space, and the encoding used is not deterministic, which hinders distributed partitioning, grouping, and state lookup.
To avoid these drawbacks, you can define Coder
classes for encoding and decoding types in a more efficient way. You can specify a Coder
to describe how the elements of a given PCollection
should be encoded and decoded.
In order to be correct and efficient, a Coder
needs type information and for PCollection
s to be associated with a specific type. Type hints are what make this type information available. The Beam SDK for Python provides built-in coders for the standard Python types int
, float
, str
, bytes
, and unicode
.
If you don’t define a Coder
, the default is PickleCoder
, which is nondeterministic. In some cases, you must specify a deterministic Coder
or else you will get a runtime error.
For example, suppose you have a PCollection
of key-value pairs whose keys are Player
objects. If you apply a GroupByKey
transform to such a collection, its key objects might be serialized differently on different machines when a nondeterministic coder, such as the default pickle coder, is used. Since GroupByKey
uses this serialized representation to compare keys, this may result in incorrect behavior. To ensure that the elements are always encoded and decoded in the same way, you need to define a deterministic Coder
for the Player
class.
The following code shows the example Player
class and how to define a Coder
for it. When you use type hints, Beam infers which Coder
s to use, using beam.coders.registry
. The following code registers PlayerCoder
as a coder for the Player
class. In the example, the input type declared for CombinePerKey
is Tuple[Player, int]
. In this case, Beam infers that the Coder
objects to use are TupleCoder
, PlayerCoder
, and IntCoder
.
class Player(object):
def __init__(self, team, name):
self.team = team
self.name = name
class PlayerCoder(beam.coders.Coder):
def encode(self, player):
return '%s:%s' % (player.team, player.name)
def decode(self, s):
return Player(*s.split(':'))
def is_deterministic(self):
return True
beam.coders.registry.register_coder(Player, PlayerCoder)
def parse_player_and_score(csv):
name, team, score = csv.split(',')
return Player(team, name), int(score)
totals = (
lines
| beam.Map(parse_player_and_score)
| beam.CombinePerKey(sum).with_input_types(
beam.typehints.Tuple[Player, int]))


DRESSES
RENTED DRESSES
Edit rent
Dress name
Tulle dress with fringes
Dress with gathered waist
Elastic trim embroidered dress
Client
Date


In September 2013, the EU Commission proposed a Regulation that would allow Internet access providers to charge extra money for every online service. They call it "specialised services", and it could lead to the creation of a two-tiered internet, where only companies with deep pockets could afford to be in the fast lane, leaving the rest of us in the dust.
Unless the Regulation is amended, Internet providers will be able to block content without any respect for judicial oversight or the rule of law. Internet service providers should not be the police of the internet. They should not be allowed to decide what content you can and cannot access.
Right now information from big companies like Microsoft and Facebook are no more accessible than our Blogs or Podcasts. But if the definition of "specialised services" isn't fixed, these companies will be in the fast lane on the data highway, leaving start-ups and non-commercial websites like Wikipedia or governments' websites in the slow lane.
It is the only way of ensuring that all traffic on the internet is treated equally, regardless of its origin, recipient, sender, type of content or the means used to transmit packets. It is fundamental to ensure that the internet remains a platform for the enjoyment of human rights and innovation.


Below is all the game art, primarily pixel art, that I've done (and can find), arranged chronologically.
Advent (Dec 2018)
Untitled RPG (Unreleased, Mar 2019)
Who is the Enemy? (Nov 2019)
Simulation of Everything (Unreleased, Jan 2020)
Mists of Advent (Unreleased, Feb 2020)
RPG Adventure (Unreleased, Feb 2020)
reCircuit (Feb 2020)
Save the World! (Jun 2020)
Onigiri Game (Unreleased, Jul 2020)
Pandemic Panic: Digital Edition (Unreleased, Oct 2020)
The Ever-Evolving Game (Oct 2020)
My Quarantine Life (Dec 2020)
Armonia: Unity (Unreleased, Jan 2021)
Survival Game (Unreleased, Mar 2021)
Rabbit Hop! (Oct 2021)
Game Dev Simulator (Dec 2021)
WitchBurger (Jan 2023)
Middleworld (Unreleased, Jan 2023)
TAMAKAIJU (Jul 2023)
A Trek up Mount Inari (Jul 2023)


Senior software engineer with 10 years experience
Specialties: Java and its ecosystem, Scala, functional programming, stream processing, large scale distributed application design, performance
- Today
Jan. 2015
Senior software engineer at Airboxlab, startup in indoor air quality monitoring connected devices
- Technical leader of a 4 developers team. Long-term missions relates to architecting backend services, such as:
- Sensor data streaming pipeline for storage, cleanup, enrichment, stats, event prediction for 3 million events a day (Spark Streaming, Spark ML)
- REST API, developed using a microservices strategy, with API Gateway, dynamic documentation, API keys, stateless authentication (Spray, Akka, Spring, Zuul, Swagger)
- Continuous deployment pipeline for 3 datacenters, ensuring zero down time, using containers and dynamic service discovery (Docker, AWS ECS, Consul, Jenkins, GIT)
- Data pumps and aggregation pipeline (DynamoDB, Elasticsearch, MySQL and S3)
- Lightweight pub/sub messaging solution, used internally as well as with connected devices and apps (RabbitMQ, MQTT, STOMP)
- Event-driven integration of IoT services and devices like IFTTT, Nest, Amazon Alexa
- Daily missions
- Services and business requirements analysis, implementation, deployment, monitoring, maintenance
- Key contact for business users, apps developers and external partners on REST and Streaming APIs
- Jan. 2015
Apr. 2013
Senior software engineer at FircoSoft, financial compliance software editor
- Hired to bootstrap development of new products branch and a SDK shared by 4 products and 11 developers:
- Design modules and dependencies, select external APIs
- Define and create development environment, build artifacts, CI process
- Structure development around IoC, statelessness and scalability principles
- Introduce modern concurrency and distributed computing concepts
- Daily missions
- Services and business requirements analysis and implementation
- Particular focus on performance, scalability, concurrency
- Ensure best development practices are used
- Assist others with regular follow-up and trainings
- Strengthen automated testing and CI process with QA team
- Apr. 2013
Feb. 2012
Technical consultant at Thomson Reuters (Misys), financial software editor
Troubleshooting and follow up of issues or user requests raised by customers based in EMEA West
Author of monitoring and technical reporting tool, maintained and used by other consultants
Back office technical specialist, regularly sent abroad to train others or unblock critical situations
Customer advocate for customers with reference implementations in Europe.
- Feb. 2012
Feb. 2010
Technical supporter (3rd level) at Thomson Reuters
Troubleshooting and follow up of technical issues
In charge of 2nd level supporters training
- Feb. 2012
Feb. 2006
Software engineer at Thomson Reuters
Technical design and implementation of business modules, mainly for back office validation, cash management, Swift messages generation, and deals life cycle management. Introduced Spring and Hibernate in the project


When we use qb.Indicator
to warm up an indicator, the indicator values are returned in a pandas dataframe. Because pandas dataframes allow plotting with the df.plot()
method, it is straightforward to make simple plots of our indicators;
Before we plot our indicator, we should filter out columns in the dataframe which are not relevant to our analysis. For our Bollinger Band indicator, we find that the standard deviation column contains much smaller values than the other columns. This may skew our charts when it scales to fit all the data. We can drop the standard deviation column from our dataframe before we plot it.
# drop the standard deviation fields df1_bb.drop('standarddeviation', 1)
insert figure
Now that our indicator is ready for analysis, we can plot it.# plot the Bollinger Band df1_bb.plot()
insert figure


Standard error
Starting ChromeDriver 81.0.4044.69<PHONE_NUMBER>a4bc83f717a2ef7cd4ac6ec1199132-refs/branch-heads/4044@{#776}) on port 30118
Only local connections are allowed.
Please protect ports used by ChromeDriver and related test frameworks to prevent access by malicious code.
апр 17, 2020 1:45:24 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession
INFO: Detected dialect: W3C
[1587120325.232][SEVERE]: Timed out receiving message from renderer: 0.100
[1587120325.335][SEVERE]: Timed out receiving message from renderer: 0.100
[1587120325.440][SEVERE]: Timed out receiving message from renderer: 0.100
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| Jump to DART Documentation Main Index |
If you have observations in spreadsheet or column format, in text, with a single line per observation, then the files this directory are a template for how to convert these observations into a format suitable for DART use.
The workflow is usually:
It is not recommended that you try to mimic the ascii file format by other means; the format is subject to change and the library routines will continue to be supported even if the physical format changes.
If your input data is in some kind of format like netCDF or HDF, then one of the other converters (e.g. the MADIS ones for netCDF) might be a better starting place for adapting code.
This part is up to you. For each observation you will need a location, a data value, a type, a time, and some kind of error estimate. The error estimate can be hardcoded in the converter if they are not available in the input data. See below for more details on selecting an appropriate error value.
The text_to_obs.f90 file is the source for the main converter program. Look at the source code where it reads the example data file. You will almost certainly need to change the "read" statement to match your data format. The example code reads each text line into a character buffer and then reads from that buffer to parse up the data items.
To compile and test, go into the work subdirectory and run the quickbuild.csh script to build the converter and a couple of general purpose utilities. advance_time helps with calendar and time computations, and the obs_sequence_tool manipulates DART observation files once they have been created.
To change the observation types, look in the DART/obs_def directory. If you can find an obs_def_XXX_mod.f90 file with an appropriate set of observation types, change the 'use' lines in the converter source to include those types. Then add that filename in the input.nml namelist file to the &preprocess_nml namelist, the 'input_files' variable. Multiple files can be listed. Then run quickbuild.csh again. It remakes the table of supported observation types before trying to recompile the source code.
An example script for converting batches of files is in the shell_scripts directory. A tiny example data file is in the data directory. These are NOT intended to be turnkey scripts; they will certainly need to be customized for your use. There are comments at the top of the script saying what options they include, and should be commented enough to indicate where changes will be likely to need to be made.
See the discussion in the obs_converters/README.md page about what options are available for the things you need to specify. These include setting a time, specifying an expected error, setting a location, and an observation type.
none
none
DART software - Copyright UCAR. This open source software is provided by UCAR, "as is", without charge, subject to all terms of use at http://www.image.ucar.edu/DAReS/DART/DART_download


n HTML, you can embed an image into a web page using the img tag. When you use this tag, you insert the image URL. You should also provide other details such as width, height, and alternative text. Alternative text is the text that is displayed in the event that your image can't be displayed.
in HTML, you can embed an image into a web page using the tag. When you use this tag, you insert the image URL. You should also provide other details such as width, height, and alternative text. Alternative text is the text that is displayed in the event that your image can't be displayed.
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the look and formatting of a document written in a markup language. CSS3 is a latest standard of css earlier versions(CSS2). The main difference between css2 and css3 is follows −
saksaksca sackak cdbjakassss
sakakjhsansad ,jkjjjk ksk skdjdsjksda sassa
feflf csjfe cslve lksfclkf vkgkv dv d sacjf sahkjdjkvd ckjjsddsjkc v k
sakakjhsansad ,jkjjjk ksk skdjdsjksda sassa
feflf csjfe cslve lksfclkf vkgkv dv d sacjf sahkjdjkvd ckjjsddsjkc v k


Welcome to KnittyGirlDesigns
Hi, I’m Tyna also known as Knittygirl. I’m a stay-at-home mom of two boys. I am crazy about yarn and knitting (and crochet, too)!! I taught myself how to knit about 12 years ago while I was deployed to Iraq. I worked as a combat medic in the Army and during my down time in the hospital I worked in, I would knit. It was a great help to deal with all the difficult things I had to see while I was there.
I learned to crochet from my grandmother who made the most amazing crochet blankets. She taught me the basics and I learned other skills on my own. Please check out my site to learn new skills, buy my knit and crochet items, and increase your joy of knitting and crochet.
I have a number of my most favorite projects for sale in my Store I also work on commission when time permits. Take a look at My Portfolio and Store. If there is something you like in my Portfolio that is not in the Store please use the custom request form and I will get back to you with my availability.


Read Files on AWS S3 Without Copying As A Local File
Lots of people use Amazon’s S3 buckets. I tend to use them to save some random csv
data to look play around with later. Every once and a while I’d come across a different key path in one of my S3 buckets
and just be completely puzzled as to what kind of stuff I had placed in there. Selecting a file and taking
a look isn’t terribly hard. Essentially, I would aws s3 cp
the file from the s3 bucket to my local machine.
From there, one can use any variety of Unix tools to get a better idea of the data contained in said file.
See…pretty simple, but it got annoying having to eventually remove the copied local file after I would
look through it and see that its contents were not what I was looking for.
For a while I simply cursed the heavens for the lack of AWS S3 commands that would perform similarly to the way
cat
does. These were truly hard times. Fortunately, I was pleasantly surprised that this behavior could still
be recreated without having to actually create a local version of the s3 file to your file system.
aws s3 cp <S3Uri> -
will allow you to skip copying the file to your local machine prior to checking inside with
head
, tail
, cat
, etc.
Let’s see it in action by peeking into some Amazon customer review data that is stored in a public S3 bucket. The code snippet below allows me to unzip the compressed tab separated value file and print out only the first row of the file.
aws s3 cp s3://amazon-reviews-pds/tsv/amazon_reviews_us_Software_v1_00.tsv.gz - | gunzip -c | head -n1


With this simulator you can explore interactively the effects of social distancing on the spread of a contagious disease.
Move the sliders to change the parameters and observe what happens. A detailed explanation is available below.
| Social distance | % | ||
| Mortality | 3% | ||
| Sick time | 2.0s |
| ○ healthy | ● immune | ● sick | ● dead | time |
| % | % | % | % | s |
Social distancing controls to what extend the population enforces social distancing. At 0% there is no social distancing and the persons move with maximum speed, so that there is a great deal of contact between them. At 100% everyone stays still and there is no contact at all.
 If you set it to 0% nobody dies, while 100% mortality means that anybody who catches the disease will die.
Sick time determines for how long a person is sick. The longer the time, the more opportunity the person has to spread the infection. The time is measured in seconds because the simulation runs very fast.
The simulation purposely makes a number of simplifying assumptions, among them: there is no incubation period; persons are contagious for the entire duration of their sickness; and the probability of passing the infection through contact is 100%.
The author Andrej Bauer got the
inspiration for the simulation from a Washington Post article by Harry Stevens.
The source code is freely available as a GitHub project social-distancing-simulator
.
Please help improve the code and translate it into your language.
See this page in other languages.
Disclaimer: The purpose of the simulator is purely educational. It demonstrates the complexity of social distancing in an epidemic in terms of an artificial mathematical model. It should not be used to draw any conclusions about real diseases.


Marketing Portal
Backbone.js
By Gordon Clark, Ben Wu
Agenda
- What is backbone?
- Why backbone?
- What are the components of backbone?
- Backbone forms.
What is backbone.js?
- Backbone.js is a framework for javascript.
- Modularizes javascript code in a way that makes sense.
- Gives functionality that makes rendering single page websites easy.
- Assists with binding and removing javascript events.
- Has dependency on a library called underscore.js.
Agenda
- What is backbone?
- Why backbone?
- What are the components of backbone?
- Backbone forms.
Why Backbone?
- Lightweight framework, 18 KB minified. Angular is 77 KB.
- Does little to restrict you.
-
De facto javascript framework. Used By:
Agenda
- What is backbone?
- Why backbone?
- What are the components of backbone?
- Backbone forms.
Router
- Responsible for responding to changes in the URL.
- Typically removes and replaces the largest components on the page.
- Single page website works around this component.
Initial Page

Router
C.utility.backbone('Router.Sample')(C.Backbone.Router.extend({
// Routes is a key-pair value array/JSON that indicate
routes: {
"": "home",
"alias": "alias",
'form' : 'form'
},
// Executes everytime class is instantiated, similar to a constructor.
initialize: function () {
...
},
// Callbacks for router.
home: function () { ... },
alias : function() { ... },
form : function() { ... }
}));
Models
- At heart, just key-pair values.
- Triggers events when anything change.
modelInstance.set('name', 'Gordon'); //triggers 'name:change' event
- Has additional utilities, such as connecting to restful APIs and performing validations
Views
- Modularized code that represents a DOM element.
- Model often used, but not required.
- Handles events, renderings, communication with model and any other logic related to the DOM element.
- Misleading name, as it contains logic, can be thought of as being similar to a controller.
Initial Page

Menu View
C.utility.backbone('Router.Sample')(C.Backbone.Router.extend({
...
initialize: function () {
var menuModel = new C.Backbone.Model({
menuData : [{
subtitle : 'sub-menu',
links : [{title:'Home Page', href:''},{title:'Alias Page', href:'alias'}]
},{
links : [{title:'Backbone form', href:'form'},{title:'Alias Page 2', href:'alias2'}]
}]
});
this.menuView = new C.View.Menu({el:'#sub_menu', model:menuModel});
this.menuView. render();
});
...
}));
C.utility.backbone('View.Menu')(C.Backbone.View.extend({
menu: _.template('
' +
'
' +
'
' +
'
'),
subtitle : _.template('
<%= subtitle %>
'),
item : _.template('
<a href="#<%- href %>"><%= title %>
'),
divider : _.template('

'),
initialize: function () {
Backbone.history.on("route", function() {
this.autoHighlights();
}, this);
},
autoHighlights: function() { ... },
render: function () {
$(this.el).html(this.menu());
var ul = $(this.el).find('ul');
var self = this;
_.each(this.model.get('menuData'), function(data) {
if(!_.isEmpty(data.subtitle)){
ul.append(self.subtitle(data));
}
else{
ul.append(self.divider());
}
_.each(data.links, function(data) {
ul.append(self.item(data));
});
});
return this;
}
...
}));
Agenda
- What is backbone?
- Why backbone?
- What are the components of backbone?
- Backbone forms.
Backbone Forms
- Third party tool:https://github.com/powmedia/backbone-forms.
- Just an extended view which inherits Backbone.View, but with a few additional functions: getValue, setValue and commit.
- Provided a schema in a Backbone model, will render a form with the schema.
Backbone Forms
form : function(){
//Main model definition
C.utility.backbone('Model.User')(C.Backbone.Model.extend({
schema: {
title: { type: 'Select', options: ['', 'Mr', 'Mrs', 'Ms'] },
name: 'Text',
email: { validators: ['required', 'email'] },
birthday: 'Date',
notes: { type: 'List' },
weapons: { type: 'List', itemType: 'Object', subSchema: {
name: { validators: ['required'] },
number: 'Number'
}},
search : {type:'Search'}
}
}));
var user = new C.Model.User({
title: 'Mr',
name: 'Ben He Wu',
email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>birthday: new Date(1982, 12, 30),
...
weapons: [
{ name: 'Uzi', number: 2 },
{ name: 'Shotgun', number: 1 }
]
});
//The form
var form = new C.Backbone.Form({
model: user
});
form.render();
$('#content').html(form.el);
}
Conclusion
- Backbone.js brings order to the chaotic nature of javascript.
- Awesone tools like backbone-forms can lead to rapid development.
- The documentation is concise, with many examples and can be found at http://backbonejs.org/
THE END
BY Gordon Clark, Ben Wu


Class Controller
- java.lang.Object
-
- Controller
-
public class Controller extends java.lang.Object
The controller for the program, it is a multiuse class for displaying database info, and adding info to the database.- Author:
- Padraig O'Brien
-
-
Constructor Summary
Constructors Constructor Description Controller()
-
Method Summary
All Methods Static Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods Modifier and Type Method Description void
addEmployee()
This method adds an employee to the database using the data obtained from the GUI, when the add Employee button is pressed.void
addProduct()
This method add a product to the database using the data obtained from the GUI, when the add Product button is pressed.void
addToProductionDB(java.util.ArrayList<ProductionRecord> productionRun)
This method uses the production run arraylist to populate the production record Database.java.lang.String
getPassword()
This method retrieves the database password from the text file containing it.void
initialize()
This method runs right away any time the application is run.void
recordProduction()
This method creates a Production record for a Select Product from the GUI.java.lang.String
reverseString(java.lang.String pw)
This method is used to reverse the text from the password text file for the database password.void
showProduction(java.util.ArrayList<ProductionRecord> productionLog)
This method pulls production records from the database and adds them to the production log arraylist.static void
testMultimedia()
This method is used to test the multimedia classes.
-
-
-
Method Detail
-
addEmployee
public void addEmployee()
This method adds an employee to the database using the data obtained from the GUI, when the add Employee button is pressed.
-
addProduct
public void addProduct()
This method add a product to the database using the data obtained from the GUI, when the add Product button is pressed.
-
recordProduction
public void recordProduction() throws java.sql.SQLException
This method creates a Production record for a Select Product from the GUI.- Throws:
java.sql.SQLException
-
initialize
public void initialize()
This method runs right away any time the application is run. The method populates the tables and text boxes with database info.
-
showProduction
public void showProduction(java.util.ArrayList<ProductionRecord> productionLog)
This method pulls production records from the database and adds them to the production log arraylist.
-
addToProductionDB
public void addToProductionDB(java.util.ArrayList<ProductionRecord> productionRun)
This method uses the production run arraylist to populate the production record Database.- Parameters:
productionRun
- An array list filled with Production records
-
getPassword
public java.lang.String getPassword()
This method retrieves the database password from the text file containing it.
-
reverseString
public java.lang.String reverseString(java.lang.String pw)
This method is used to reverse the text from the password text file for the database password.
-
testMultimedia
public static void testMultimedia()
This method is used to test the multimedia classes.
-
-


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Teaching Experience
{{teacher.teaching_experience}}
Designation
{{teacher.designation}}
Rating
{{teacher.rating}}
Pending Requests
{{teacher.requests}}
{{teacher.name}}
Mail: {{teacher.mail}}
Awards: {{teacher.awards}}
Books Published: {{teacher.books_published}}
Area of Interest: {{teacher.area_of_interest}}
Introduction video
Description
Subject: {{teacher.subject}}
{{teacher.description | safe }}
Country
{{teacher.country}}
City
{{teacher.city}}
Age
{{teacher.age}}
Joined
{{teacher.created_date}}


Network where you make money on internet You are thinking about expanding your business? You are thinking about refer coupon codes to earn cashbacks? You are thinking to express your problems, may be solutions or may be something else? So don't wait now. This is a open community where people write about their business upcoming deals, referral and coupon codes of websites to earn cashbacks..even you can write about passions, problems..


--- title: Publications description: ---
Mitigating Network Covert Channels while Preserving Performance
Jiarong Xing, Qiao Kang, and Ang Chen
USENIX Security 2020
[PDF] [Code]
Programmable In-Network Security for Context-aware BYOD Policies
Qiao Kang, Lei Xue, Adam Morrison, Yuxin Tang, Ang Chen, and Xiapu Luo
USENIX Security 2020
[PDF] [Code]
Poseidon: Mitigating Volumetric DDoS Attacks with Programmable Switches
Menghao Zhang, Guanyu Li, Shicheng Wang, Chang Liu, Ang Chen, Hongxin Hu, Guofei Gu, Qi Li, Mingwei Xu, and Jianping Wu
NDSS 2020
[PDF]
Architecting Programmable Data Plane Defenses into the Network with FastFlex
Jiarong Xing, Wenqing Wu, and Ang Chen
HotNets 2019 [PDF]
NetHCF: Enabling Line-rate and Adaptive Spoofed IP Traffic Filtering
Guanyu Li, Menghao Zhang, Chang Liu, Xiao Kong, Ang Chen, Guofei Gu, and Haixin Duan
ICNP 2019 [PDF]
Automated Attack Discovery in Data Plane Systems
Qiao Kang, Jiarong Xing, and Ang Chen
CSET 2019
[PDF]
NetWarden: Mitigating Network Covert Channels without Performance Loss
Jiarong Xing, Adam Morrison, and Ang Chen
HotCloud 2019
[PDF]
Enforcing Context-Aware BYOD Policies with In-Network Security
Adam Morrison, Lei Xue, Ang Chen, and Xiapu Luo
HotCloud 2018
[PDF]


--- layout: page title: Repository Connector - Install and Configure ---
There are three basic steps to set up the Repository Connector:
Download the Repository Connector package and unpack it into the desired folder. The application should be hosted on a server that is continuously available and publicly addressable, with Java version 7 or higher.
By default, the repo-connector.conf
file is located in [repository connector directory]/cfg
and defines the necessary parameters for the Repository Connector to access your repositories and listen for callbacks. At a minimum, you must define a URL, access credentials and a related Smartling Project for each of your repositories. Edits to repo-connector.conf
must be valid JSON. For additional configuration see the Advanced Configuration instructions.
The package contains an annotated version of repo-connector.conf
to help you set up the connector. The basic required parameters are:
repositories
- Defines an array of source repositories. A repository cannot have more than one authentication attribute and a public repository may
have neither. Without authentication information, the connector will be able to get files from the repository but not push translated files from
Smartling. Repositories have the following attributes:
url
- the URL for the repository. Must be unique in the array
alias
- alias for the repository. The alias is used in creating the fileURI that is registered with Smartling for
uploaded files. A unique alias value is recommended but not required. The complete uri will be "alias/branch/file”.
type
- Repository type. Possible values are GIT and SVN
userPassword
(optional) - defines user/password authentication type for a Github repository. Other authentication options are available.
user
- user name
password
- user password
smartlingProject
- defines your Smartling project credentials. You can find these in the Smartling Dashboard at Project Settings>API.
projectId
- unique id for your project.
apiKey
- your secret key for Smartling's API.
resourcesConfig
- the path to the repository configuration file, if hosted in your code repository. Default is 'smartling-config.json'
serverResourcesConfig
- if you would prefer not to commit the repository configuration file to your code repository, you can host it on the
Connector server. In this case, use serverResourcesConfig to define a path to the config file. You can define the absolute path or the relative
path from the repo-connector.conf folder.
branches
- Regular expression for branch names to be checked for resources. If this is undefined, all branch names will be checked.
pollingSchdule
- Cron expression defining how often the Repository Connector polls your repository for updates.
Scheduler
checkTranslation
- Cron expression defining how often the Connector will poll Smartling projects for updated translations.
Other authentication options are included in the example file.
To start the Repository Connector, execute:
java -jar repo-connector-1.3.3.jar -start
To stop the Repository Connector, execute:
java -jar repo-connector-1.3.3.jar -stop
If you have saved your configuration files in a folder other than the default (/cfg) add the parameter -configuration <folder_name> to the command.
To run as a daemon, execute:
java -jar repo-connector-1.3.3.jar -start&
Once the Repository Connector is running, you will still need to configure your repository before you can push files to Smartling.


{% extends 'template-lab-4b.html' %} {% set mainClasses = 'nhsuk-u-padding-top-0' %} {% block pageTitle %} Symptoms - NHS {% endblock %} {% block beforeContent %} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
Smelly pee on its own is not usually a cause for concern. There are often things you can do to help your pee return to normal.
Pee is usually clear or pale yellow, with a mild smell.
Things that can often make your pee smell stronger include:
Try these things to help keep your pee clear and smelling mild.
drink plenty of fluids, particularly water, so that you pee regularly during the day and do not feel thirsty
drink more in hot weather and when exercising
do not drink a lot of sugary fizzy drinks, coffee or alcohol
do not eat a lot of garlic or asparagus – they contain strong-smelling chemicals that can pass into your pee
do not take more than 10mg of vitamin B6 a day
you have smelly pee and:
you have smelly pee and:
If you have any of these symptoms, you may have a urinary tract infection (UTI).
Other symptoms you have might give you an idea of what's causing your pee to smell. But do not self-diagnose – always see a GP.
| Symptoms | Possible cause |
|---|---|
| Feeling very thirsty and tired, peeing more than usual, sweet-smelling pee | type 2 diabetes |
| Pain in the side of your tummy (abdomen) or groin, severe pain that comes and goes, feeling sick or being sick, blood in pee | kidney stones |
| Yellow skin and eyes (jaundice), tummy pain, feeling sick or being sick | liver failure |
Page last reviewed: 02 August 2019
Next review due: 02 August 2022


Event queue test
This test will schedule future events using a simple event queue approach.
Press '1' or '2' to start rotating. The same will schedule a 5 second flicker scheduled on second in the future.
Releasing the '1' or '2' will aboard the flicker.


The Oxidation of Glucose¶
With glucose being one of the most common sugars in the biosphere (and certainly the most common in labs), the oxidation of glucose is a major source of chemical energy for many organisms. This process - the conservation of energy through complete oxidation of glucose using oxygen - is called “respiration.” Much of the energy produced during glucose oxidation is stored as ATP. If we take a look at the full oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water
Glucose + 6 O2 ⇌ 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
we find that ΔrG’m ≈ -2910 kJ / mol. According to our calculation from above, that’s enough energy to make ~65 ATP (in theory). But most organisms generate 30 ATP or less through the oxidization of glucose (Nelson et al., 2008; Flamholz et al., 2014). [1]
Biochemistry textbooks often write this pathway as generating 36 ATP
Glucose + 6 O2 + 36 ADP + 36 Pi ⇌ 6 CO2 + 42 H2O + 36 ATP
giving a ΔrG’m of around -1350 kJ / mol. [2] In other words, there’s more free energy! Cells could, in principle, make a lot more ATP than they do in practice. Which begs the question: why not make more ATP? If you’re interested in learning more, consider looking up “chemical motive force” for reversible reactions.
| [1] | See BioNumbers ID 111475, which discusses ATP yield from glucose in yeast, for example. |
| [2] | Remember ΔrG’m assumes all concentrations are 1 mM. |


The pooch in the back? That's Onyx and he's currently up for adotion.  Learn more about Onyx.
We locally source as many of the ingredients as we can and never we sacrafice quality for profit margins. Our mission is simple: bake simple, healthy treats you and your dog can enjoy and help lonley pups find a new home while doing so.
We're also pretty big on transparency which is why we list all of our ingredients so you know exactly what you and your furry friend are putting into your body. Yes, we said you AND your dog. Although we make RicoTreats with our four-legged pals in mind, you too can enjoy RicoTreats.
| Ingredient | Benefit |
|---|---|
| Handmade Peanut Butter | Monosaturated fats for better heart-health. |
| Rolled Oats | We grind the oats to form our flour. This promotes the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria. |
| Coconut Oil | Saturated fats improve skin, coat, digestion and can reduce allergic reactions. |
| Flaxseed | Omega 3 and 6 fatty acids promote skin and coat health and antioxidants support the immune system. |
| Bananas | Bananas are a great source vitamin C, potassium, fiber and vitamin B6 for your pup. |
| Parseley | Nutritive and rich in protein, fiber and vitamins A, C, B1, B2, and K. |
| Mint | This herb helps to freshen your dogs breath and aids in digestion. |
| Turmeric | Powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. |
We’re currently working to place RicoTreats into local storefronts here in Gainesville. In the meantime, we’re happy to take orders online. Since we’re a startup and are currently funding the operation out-of-pocket, we are only shipping within Alachua County. All orders are shipped out every other Monday or as soon as we reach a dozen orders in our backlog.
You can use this form to place your order. You will receive a an email with your order details and another email as soon as your order ships.
If you prefer to pick up treats in person you can find us at the Downtown Farmers Market. We all have to keep our day jobs so we can’t be there as often as we’d like so tune into our Instagram account to learn which dates we’ll be there.


This server hosts research data files created by the Oxford Silk Group (http://users.ox.ac.uk/~abrg/spider_site/).
Administered by:
Graham Klyne / Diana Galletly
Image Bioinformatics Research Group,
Department of Zoology, University of Oxford
South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
Tel: +44-(0)1865-281991
Fax: +44-(0)1865-310447
Web: http://ibrg.zoo.ox.ac.uk/


Soprano singer heads home to raise money for Opera House
A JERSEY-BORN soprano and her band are to perform a Christmas concert at the Opera House to raise money for the venue.
by Ed TaylorGeorgi Mottram, who has been touring the globe with her group Ida Girls, is due to take to the stage with her three co-stars on 7 December.
Miss Mottram, who hosted this year’s JEP Pride of Jersey Awards alongside former England footballer and Jerseyman Graeme Le Saux, said the show would feature a range of different songs – from Christmas classics to those heard in the West End.
‘We will also be performing a number of well-known hits [from shows] such as the Greatest Showman, Phantom of the Opera and Frozen,’ she said.
The singer also revealed that the group would be debuting their new single, called Home, at the show.
‘There are no direct references to Jersey, but it is all about home and how your heart is back home and how you always dream about going home,’ Miss Mottram said.
‘It was written while we were on tour and travelling around lots of different countries.’
Anyone who wants to buy a ticket to Believe: A West End Christmas Show should visit jerseyoperahouse.co.uk and click the ‘Whats On’ tab.


This is the API documentation for the Permazen Java library.
Permazen makes powerful persistence simple for Java programmers.
Permazen's goal is to make Java persistence as simple as possible, doing so in a Java-centric manner, while remaining strictly type safe.
Permazen does this without sacrificing flexibility or scalability by relegating the database to the simplest role possible - storing data as key/value pairs - and providing all other supporting features, such as indexes, command line interface, etc., in a simpler, type-safe, Java-centric way.
Permazen also adds important new features that traditional databases don't provide.
Visit the Permazen project homepage at https://github.com/permazen/permazen/
.


mixed substr_replace ( mixed $string , mixed $replacement , mixed $start [, mixed $length ] )
substr_replace() replaces a copy of string delimited by the start and (optionally) length parameters with the string given in replacement.
The result string is returned. If string is an array then array is returned.


| make.index.unique {xts} | R Documentation |
A generic function to force sorted time vectors to be
unique. Useful for high-frequency time-series where original
time-stamps may have identical values. For the case
of xts objects, the default eps
is set to ten
microseconds. In practice this advances each subsequent
identical time by eps
over the previous (possibly also
advanced) value.
make.index.unique(x, eps = 1e-06, drop=FALSE, fromLast=FALSE, ...) make.time.unique(x, eps = 1e-06, drop=FALSE, fromLast=FALSE, ...)
x |
An xts object, or POSIXct vector. |
eps |
value to add to force uniqueness. |
drop |
drop duplicates instead of adjusting by |
fromLast |
if drop=TRUE, fromLast controls which duplicated times are dropped. If fromLast=FALSE, the earliest observation with an identical timestamp is kept with subsequent observations dropped. |
... |
unused |
The returned time-series object will have new time-stamps
so that isOrdered( .index(x) )
evaluates to TRUE.
A modified version of x.
Incoming values must be pre-sorted, and no check is done to make sure that this is the case. If the index values are of storage.mode ‘integer’, they will be coerced to ‘double’ if drop=FALSE.
Jeffrey A. Ryan
ds <- options(digits.secs=6) # so we can see the change x <- xts(1:10, as.POSIXct("2011-01-21") + c(1,1,1,2:8)/1e3) x make.index.unique(x) options(ds)


Created by:
Zacharia Njue
GitHub Username/Url:
Link: to Zach's GitHub
Level 2 Test for:
name2
Let's play!
Rules:
Ping Pong will count up to a number from 1 with the following exceptions


REPORTS
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See the MediaEval 2023 webpage for information on how to register and participate.
Positions and actions detection/classification are one of the main challenges in visual content analysis and mining. Sport video analysis has been a very popular research topic, due to the variety of application areas, ranging from analysis of athletes’ performances and rehabilitation to multimedia intelligent devices with user-tailored digests. We propose this year a series of 6 tasks, divided each into 2 sub-tasks for two sports, table tennis and swimming. Those tasks are a follow-up from the 2022 Sport Task and SwimTrack.
Task 1 - athletes positions detections
Subtask 1.1 (table tennis) - to detect 2 or 4 players (depending if single or double) and track them during the video especially during double games where players have a lot of overlaps, from videos recorded from various angles (e.g., side, corder).
Subtask 1.2 (swimming) - to detect up to 8 swimmers in the pool from static videos (recorded from the side of the pool).
Task 2 - strokes detection
Subtask 2.1 (table tennis) - to detect when a player is performing a stroke (i.e. a ball hit with the racket) using close-up videos
Subtask 2.2 (swimming) - to detect each time a swimmer is achieving a repeated motion for each swimming style (for freestyle, backstroke, and butterfly stroke once the swimmer’s right hand enters the water; for breaststroke once the head is at its highest point).
Task 3 - motion classification
Subtask 3.1 (table tennis) - to classify different strokes in table tennis from trimmed videos in which only one stroke is present. There are 3 different categories of strokes, services, forehand and backhand. For services we have 6 different classes. For forehand and backhand we have 5 classes. For a total of 16 classes and one non-stroke class.
Subtask 3.2 (swimming) - to classify different swimming styles (Freestyle, Backstroke, Breaststroke, Butterfly)
Task 4 - field/table registration
Subtask 4.1 (table tennis) - to detect the table position for a given video frame.
Subtask 4.2 (swimming) - to detect pool position for a given video frame.
Task 5 - sound detection
Subtask 5.1 (table tennis) - to detect when the ball hits the table or the racket.
Subtask 5.2 (swimming) - to detect buzzer sound. In swimming races, the beginning of a race is given by a buzzer sound to inform swimmers that they can start.
Task 6 - score and results extraction
Subtask 6.1 (table tennis) - to recognise the score of the match. In table tennis, the score of a match can be embedded in the broadcast video or it can be shown by referees with scoreboards. When score is embedded in stream video, names of players are also displayed.
Subtask 6.2 (swimming) - to recognise results of races. During swimmer competitions, after each race, results are displayed on digital boards. The goal is to recognise characters of these boards to obtain the results of races.
The task is of interest to researchers in the areas of machine learning (classification), visual content analysis, computer vision and sport performance. We explicitly encourage researchers focusing specifically in domains of computer-aided analysis of sport performance.
Our focus is on recordings that have been made by both widespread and cheap video cameras, e.g. GoPro, but also high-quality videos, e.g. Blackmagick 4K.
Each video has been manually annotated by experts. For event-based annotations, we have annotated moments in the video that are relevant for the event. For positions we have annotated key and intermediate positions of the athlete and relied upon interpolation for the remaining positions.
Each task will have its own evaluation methodology and will be provided once the dataset is released.
Please contact the task organizers by email if you have questions (see below).
Pierre-Etienne Martin, Jenny Benois-Pineau, Renaud Péteri, Julien Morlier. Three-Stream 3D/1D CNN for Fine-Grained Action Classification and Segmentation in Table Tennis. 4th International ACM Workshop on Multimedia Content Analysis in Sports, ACM Multimedia, Oct 2021, Chengdu, China.
Kaustubh Milind Kulkarni, Sucheth Shenoy: Table Tennis Stroke Recognition Using Two-Dimensional Human Pose Estimation. CVPR Workshops 2021: 4576-4584.
Pierre-Etienne Martin, Jenny Benois-Pineau, Renaud Péteri, Julien Morlier. Fine grained sport action recognition with siamese spatio-temporal convolutional neural networks. Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol. 79, 20429–20447, Springer (2020).
Extended work in: Pierre-Etienne Martin. Fine-Grained Action Detection and Classification from Videos with Spatio-Temporal Convolutional Neural Networks. Application to Table Tennis. Neural and Evolutionary Computing [cs.NE]. Université de Bordeaux; Université de la Rochelle, 2020.
Gül Varol, Ivan Laptev, and Cordelia Schmid. Long-Term Temporal Convolutions for Action Recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 40, 6 (2018), 1510–1517.
Joao Carreira and Andrew Zisserman. Quo Vadis, Action Recognition? A New Model and the Kinetics Dataset. CoRR abs/1705.07750 (2017).
Chunhui Gu, Chen Sun, Sudheendra Vijayanarasimhan, Caroline Pantofaru, David A. Ross, George Toderici, Yeqing Li, Susanna Ricco, Rahul Sukthankar, Cordelia Schmid, and Jitendra Malik. AVA: A Video Dataset of Spatio-temporally Localized Atomic Visual Actions. CoRR abs/1705.08421 (2017).
Khurram Soomro, Amir Roshan Zamir, and Mubarak Shah. UCF101: A dataset of 101 hu- man actions classes from videos in the wild. CoRR 1212.0402 (2012).
Nicolas Jacquelin, Romain Vuillemot, and Stefan Duffner. 2021. Detecting Swimmers in Unconstrained Videos with Few Training Data. 8th Workshop on Machine Learning and Data Mining for Sports Analytics (Sept. 2021).
T. F. H. Runia, C. G. M. Snoek, and A. W. M. Smeulders. 2018. Real-World Repetition Estimation by Div, Grad and Curl. In 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 9009–9017.
Timothy Woinoski, Alon Harell, and I. Bajić. 2020. Towards Automated Swimming Analytics Using Deep Neural Networks. ArXiv (2020).
Contact: romain.vuillemot@ec-lyon.fr


In this example you will learn how to extend FXML to support your own classes.
Until now, with the exception of the class org.fxml.Application
, we have only seen how to use
classes that exist within the flash namespace. In this lesson we will explore how to instantiate classes you
generate with ActionScript 3 in FXML!
In ActionScript 3, to incorporate our classes into an executable (SWF), the import
statement is used.
This alerts the compiler to include the necessary classes at compile time so that we can instantiate an object from
that namespace.
In FXML, the approach is slightly different.
For starters, there is no import
keyword. Since FXML is a run-time solution (as opposed to compile-time),
you'll need to load in your classes via a SWF that contains the classes you wish to instantiate.
Let's explore what this entails.
Step 1: Writing the ActionScript 3
We'll start off by writing some ActionScript 3 code.
Take the following as two classes that you would like to instantiate in FMXL.
AS3:
AS3:
Now before we go any further - let's see what a typical ActionScript 3 instantiation would look like.
AS3:
OK, now let's see how we can implement com.yourdomain.display.Button
and
com.yourdomain.display.RoundedCornerButton
through FXML.
Step 2: Creating the Package
Since FXML requires these classes to be loaded in as a SWF, we'll need to create a class that will compile them.
To do this we create a Package.as
file.
First let's take a look at our package directory:
And now the Package.as
file:
AS3:
This file must extend flash.display.Sprite
otherwise it will throw an error once it is loaded into FXML.
The purpose of this class is simply to create a reference to the classes we wish to compile so that they will be bundled
into one SWF. While there are many strategies to take here the recommended solution is to create one Package.as
file per package. Meaning that at each package there is a file called Package.as
that contains a reference
to each class in that package. It is also recommended that the name of the SWF produced by the Package.as
file mimics the package name. For example, in our case, our package file has the following address
com.yourdomain.display.Package
and should produce a SWF called "com.yourdomain.display.swf".
This will help keep your libraries organized and will produce the lease amount of overlap.
Note: it is extremely important to keep your packages decoupled from one another.
If you have classes that cross-reference between packages you run the risk of having an out of date class file.
For example if package A produces SWF "a.swf" and contains class A, and package B produces SWF "b.swf" but also includes class A,
you have now loaded class A twice! It is recommended that interfaces tie classes together between packages.
While this can still lead to interdependencies, it leads to much cleaner code and has much less chance of causing code
conflicts.
OK, now that we have created our classes, created a package file, and compiled them in a SWF, we can use them in FXML!
Step 3: Loading the SWF
As mentioned, instead of using the import
statement, FXML requires a SWF to be loaded.
The following example will demonstrate how to load in a SWF.
Extending FXML example.
FXML:
As you can see from the example above, a simple flash.display.Loader
is used to load the SWF.
Using the pause
method we halt application from parsing the remaining objects until the SWF has finished
loading. Once the load has completed, the parsing resumes and we can instantiate the classes
com.yourdomain.display.Button
and com.yourdomain.display.RoundedCornerButton
.
Now you might say that this seems like a lot of work to set up a flash.display.Loader
to load in every SWF
and, well, you're right! In the next lesson we will demonstrate the use of the org.fxml.loaders.BulkLoader
class which greatly reduces the amount of code you'll need to write to import your own classes into FXML.


No more managing separate monitoring systems for manufacturers' disparate hardware solutions. We interface with it all and deliver it to one site for you and your customers.
Get notified instantly when a site has an exception or fault. Allow your customers to schedule routine maintenance. Celebrate with your customers as they reach generation and savings milestones.
Your customers will love our robust monitoring solution. Attach value to your brand by letting someone else do the heavy lifting. Eclipse the competition and become a household name.
We're a team of Dev Bootcamp students and graduates seeking to enhance the solar industry with tech-industry perspectives. Passionate. Iterative. Solution-focused. We deliver customer-driven web products for your business that help maintain your reputation as modern, forward thinking company.


Percy Pig Fans Rejoice With This New Marks and Spencer Pink Piggy Muffin
by Shabana ArifPercy Pig, the delicious, unofficial mascot of Marks & Spencer, is now available to eat in muffin form.
The baked goods were spotted in store and posted to Instagram by kevssnackreviews, and sport a Percy Pig gummy adhered to the top of a delightfully pink muffin with a big splodge of even pinker buttercream.
The muffins are one sale for a pound a pop and are filled with raspberry jam. They've rolled out alongside other new festive treats, like the Snowflake Chocolate Caramel Muffin, M & S Mince Pie, and Rodney Reindeer Gingerbread - all of which are also a quid with the exception of Rodney, who comes in at just 85p.
 [Metro]
Feature image credit: The Guardian


% layout("/cartoon/cartoon_layout.html"){ %> <%if(workss0.~size > 0){%> ${workss0[0].worksname!} <% for(works in workss0){ if(worksLP.index <= 8){%> <%}%> <% }%>


Move your muons (or anti-muons) from your initial quadrant to form a triangle in any one of the other three pyramid quadrants.
The first player to create a triangle of 3 muons inside one of the quadrants, wins the game.
Once you have cleared all 5 of your muons out of your initial quadrant, you can win by forming a triangle in your home quadrant as well.


^^ Provide a general summary of the issue in the title above. ^^
Describe the problem you’re encountering. TIP: Do NOT share sensitive information, whether personal, proprietary, or otherwise!
Tell us what you expected to happen.
Provide any other relevant log data. TIP: Scrub logs and diagnostic information for sensitive information
Please be as specific as possible. TIP: Link a sample application that demonstrates the issue.
Include as many relevant details about your environment as possible including the running version of the Ruby agent, the Ruby version being used and any other relevant environment information
Add any other context about the problem here. For example, relevant community posts or support tickets.


Introduction
This library is a small utility containing bucket primitives which may be shared in a distributed system as part of a token-bucket or similar algorithm.
Features
- In-Memory or Redis based storage
- Concurrency-safe
- Put, Take, Count, DynamicFill, and many more primitives
- Designed for distributed systems
- Well tested
- Well documented
Terminology
A bucket is simple a key-value pair matching a string to an integer type. The key represents the name and identifier for the object and the value the number of tokens held within a bucket.
This is currently represented over two storage options, in-memory or redis. In-memory stores the pairs within a Golang map while Redis stores it using its own key-value system.
Install
// with go tools
go get github.com/b3ntly/bucket
// with glide
glide install github.com/b3ntly/bucket
While you can use this library just fine with the standard Go tools it’s recommended that you use the Glide package manager to take full advantage of semantic versioning and vendoring.
New
// bucket will use in-memory storage as default
b, err := bucket.New(&bucket.Options{
Name: "my_bucket",
Capacity: 10,
})
Creating a new bucket sets a key-value pair with whatever storage back-end you are using. By default this will happen in-memory. With the Redis back-end this will set the key “my_bucket” with the value of 10.
There are some protections in place for name-collisions. For example when using the redis backend if the designated key already contains a value that is not an integer, or is an integer with a value of 0, bucket.New will return an error.
Bucket names are not unique. If two buckets share the same name and storage back-end they will share the same value.
NewWithRedis
b, err := bucket.NewWithRedis(&bucket.Options{
Capacity: 10,
Name: "My redis bucket with default config",
})
Create a new bucket with a redis backend. By default it will attempt to connect to a Redis instance with the default Redis configuration, running at <IP_ADDRESS>:6379.
Custom Storage
import (
"github.com/b3ntly/bucket/storage"
"github.com/go-redis/redis"
)
store := &storage.RedisStorage{
Client: redis.NewClient(&redis.Options{
Addr: ":6379",
DB: 5,
PoolSize: 30,
}),
}
b2, err := bucket.New(&bucket.Options{
Capacity: 10,
Name: "My redis bucket with custom config",
Storage: store,
})
Instead of the provided In-memory and Redis storage back-ends you can pass any object that fulfills the Storage interface.
Here’s an example which modifies the Redis storage with a custom configuration. It uses Go-Redis internally.
Take
err = b.Take(5)
err = b.Take(5)
// err.Error() => "Insufficient tokens."
You can take as many tokens from a bucket as a bucket currently contains. If not enough tokens exist in the bucket, or if some other error such as a network error occurs, it will return an error. Operations against a bucket occur transactionally so it may be assumed that upon an error the actual value of the bucket, even in a distributed system, did not change.
TakeAll
tokens, err := bucket.TakeAll()
Return an integer representing all the tokens in the bucket. Leaves the bucket with 0 tokens.
Put
// put 5 tokens back into the bucket
err = b.Put(5)
Put tokens into the bucket.
Because this library represents numeric values as 32-bit integers the maximum value is 2,147,483,647.
Count
count, err := bucket.Count()
Get a count of tokens in the bucket.
Watchable
type Watchable struct {
Success chan error
Cancel chan error
Failed chan error
// The final observable which the user is likely to read from. Though it can only be fired once it is buffered
// so that is may be ignored.
Finished chan error
}
watchable := b.Watch(10, time.Second * 5)
watchable.Cancel <- errors.New("I wasn't happy with this watcher :/")
// capture the error as the watcher exits
err := <- watchable.Done()
// err.Error() => "I wasn't happy with this watcher :/"
A basic structure from which to cancel or observe an asynchronous action.
DynamicFill
import "time"
// ticker creates a channel which fires on a given interval
ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Second)
watchable := bucket.DynamicFill(300, ticker.C)
time.Sleep(time.Second * 3)
watchable.Cancel <- nil
Puts tokens into a bucket on an interval.
It returns a watchable which may be canceled.
Concurrency
This library was built to provide bucket primitives for a distributed system. As such both the in-memory and redis storage back-ends provide concurrent safe access to tokens.
For the Redis back-end single operations are safe automatically thanks to the underlying single-threaded design of Redis. Methods needing more then one operation are done with Lua scripting which is executed as a single network call.
For the in-memory back-end everything is protected by a read-write mutex.
Contributing
Bucket is a small library but improvements are always welcome. The easiest way is through a pull request the the git repository’s development branch where you can easily modify the documentation, code, or tests.


The Musk Effect vs COVID-friggin-19
Who had the biggest impact on the stock market?
Explore the influence of Elon's tweets and COVID-19 events on Bitcoin, Dogecoin and Tesla stock prices over the past 12 months.
Fight Rules:
1. If the selected move has a negative effect on the stock price, opponent takes damage
2. If the selected move has a positive effect on the stock price, opponent heals by little
3. Damage value scales according to how much effect your move has on the stock prices
Select an Arena:


Preliminaries
Software used in this practical:
- IGV : The Integrative Genomics Viewer is a program for reading several types of indexed database information, including mapped reads and variant calls, and displaying them on a reference genome. It is invaluable as a tool for viewing and interpreting the “raw data” of many NGS data analysis pipelines.
- samtools : SAM Tools provide various utilities for manipulating alignments in the SAM format, including sorting, merging, indexing and generating alignments in a per-position format.
Guided exercise: IGV introduction
Copy the data for the tutorials:
mkdir -p /home/participant/cambridge_mda14/
cp -r /home/participant/Desktop/Open_Share/visualization /home/participant/cambridge_mda14/
cd /home/participant/cambridge_mda14/visualization
Enter in the example folder:
cd example_0
This BAM file contains reads only for chromosome 11.
Creating indexed files
Use samtools
to index the bam files:
samtools index igv1.bam
Run IGV
You can run this command from the terminal: igv
or you can also use the link in your Desktop.
Downolad a referece genome
By default, IGV loads Human hg18 assembly. However, we must work with the same assembly used to mapped our reads, in this case Human hg19.
Genome assemblies for several species can be dowloaded using IGV:
- Go to
Genomes
–> Load Genome From Server...
Select Human hg19
Loading and browsing files
- Go to
File
–> Load from file...

- Move acroos the alignment
- Zoom in
- Grey boxes are reads:
- point to the left –> map reverse strand
- point to the right –> map forward strand
- At the top –> histogram of coverage
- Zoom further
- Color representation of the sequence
- Zoom in –> Bases are shown
- Amminoacids corresponding to each base
- See all possible translation reading frames
- Change read information panels
What we want to do with IGV?
- Examine coverage
- High/low coverage
- No coverage
- Visualize alternative splicing
- RNA alignment against DNA, not cDNA
- Look for base changes – > SNPs
- Complete grey reads –> no mismatches
- Coloured bases –> Change
- Coverage track os only coloured if >20% of the reads support the variant
- Reads are shadowed acording to quality
- Darker –> good quality
- Ligther –> bad quality
- Bases are also shadowed acording to quality
- Darker –> good quality
- Ligther –> bad quality
- Inspecting a SNP (chr11:1,018,335-1,018,412)
- Look at the coverage bar –> percentage and counts
- Sort alignment by base
- Inspecting a homozigous variant (chr11:1,019,336-1,019,413) - All reads support the variant but 1 - The reference read quality is 0
- Load SNP data
- File > Load from server > Annotations > Variantion and repeats > dbSNP 1.3.7


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Bio
Starting from 2009, I worked on mobile (Android + backend) developmenent at several startups in Paris.
In 2013, I relocated to the Bay Area and joined Docker to grow the adoption of container technology.
Later, in 2018, I took on a new challenge at Cruise where I helped build a self-driving rideshare service.
Recently, in 2022, I began working at SmithRx to help reduce pharmacy costs for America’s employers and patients.
Contact
- vieux.fr/github
- vieux.fr/keybase
- vieux.fr/linkedin
Side Projects
- vrgl117.games
- Video Games for Retro Consoles.
- GoCover.io (archived)
- Code coverage of any golang package as a service.
- Volt (archived)
- A simple Mesos framework written in Go.