The mission of hablar
is for you to get non-astonishing results! That means that functions return what you expected. R has some intuitive quirks that beginners and experienced programmers fail to identify. Some of the first weird features of R that hablar
solves:
Missing values NA
and irrational values Inf
, NaN
is dominant. For example, in R sum(c(1, 2, NA))
is NA
and not 3. In hablar
the addition of an underscore sum_(c(1, 2, NA))
returns 3, as is often expected.
Factors (categorical variables) that are converted to numeric returns the number of the category rather than the value. In hablar
the convert()
function always changes the type of the values.
Finding duplicates, and rows with NA
can be cumbersome. The functions find_duplicates()
and find_na()
make it easy to find where the data frame needs to be fixed. When the issues are found the utility replacement functions, e.g. if_else_()
, if_na()
, zero_if()
easily fixes many of the most common problems you face.
hablar
follows the syntax API of tidyverse
and works seamlessly with dplyr
and tidyselect
.
A common issue in R is how R treats missing values (i.e. NA
). Sometimes NA
in your data frame means that there is missing values in the sense that you need to estimate or replace them with values. But often it is not a problem! Often NA
means that there is no value, and should not be. hablar
provide useful functions that handle NA
intuitively. Let’s take a simple example:
#> # A tibble: 3 x 3
#> name graduation_date age
#> <chr> <date> <int>
#> 1 Fredrik 2016-06-15 21
#> 2 Maria NA 16
#> 3 Astrid 2014-06-15 23
min()
to min_()
The graduation_date
is missing for Maria. In this case it is not because we do not know. It is because she has not graduated yet, she is younger than Fredrik and Astrid. If we would like to know the first graduation date of the three observation in R with a naive min()
we get NA
. But with min_()
from hablar
we get the minimum value that is not missing. See:
df %>%
mutate(min_baseR = min(graduation_date),
min_hablar = min_(graduation_date))
#> # A tibble: 3 x 5
#> name graduation_date age min_baseR min_hablar
#> <chr> <date> <int> <date> <date>
#> 1 Fredrik 2016-06-15 21 NA 2014-06-15
#> 2 Maria NA 16 NA 2014-06-15
#> 3 Astrid 2014-06-15 23 NA 2014-06-15
The hablar
package provides the same functionality for
max_()
mean_()
median_()
sd_()
first_()
… and more. For more documentation type help(min_())
or vignette("s")
for an in-depth description.
In hablar
the function convert
provides a robust, readable and dynamic way to change type of a column.
mtcars %>%
convert(int(cyl, am),
num(disp:drat))
#> # A tibble: 32 x 11
#> mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb
#> <dbl> <int> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <int> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 21 6 160 110 3.9 2.62 16.5 0 1 4 4
#> 2 21 6 160 110 3.9 2.88 17.0 0 1 4 4
#> 3 22.8 4 108 93 3.85 2.32 18.6 1 1 4 1
#> 4 21.4 6 258 110 3.08 3.22 19.4 1 0 3 1
#> # … with 28 more rows
The above chunk converts the columns cyl
and am
to integers, and the columns disp
through drat
to numeric. If a column is of type factor
it always converts it to character before further conversion.
With convert
and tidyselect
you can easily change type of a wide range of columns.
mtcars %>%
convert(
chr(last_col()), # Last colum to character
int(1:2), # First two columns to integer
fct(hp, wt), # hp and wt to factors
dte(vs), # vs to date (if you really want)
num(contains("car")) # car as in carb to numeric
)
#> # A tibble: 32 x 11
#> mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb
#> <int> <int> <dbl> <fct> <dbl> <fct> <dbl> <date> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 21 6 160 110 3.9 2.62 16.5 1970-01-01 1 4 4
#> 2 21 6 160 110 3.9 2.875 17.0 1970-01-01 1 4 4
#> 3 22 4 108 93 3.85 2.32 18.6 1970-01-02 1 4 1
#> 4 21 6 258 110 3.08 3.215 19.4 1970-01-02 0 3 1
#> # … with 28 more rows
For more information, see help(hablar)
or vignette("convert")
.
When cleaning data you spend a lot of time understanding your data. Sometimes you get more row than you expected when doing a left_join()
. Or you did not know that certain column contained missing values NA
or irrational values like Inf
or NaN
.
In hablar
the find_*
functions speeds up your search for the problem. To find duplicated rows you simply df %>% find_duplicates()
. You can also find duplicates in in specific columns, which can be useful before joins.
# Create df with duplicates
df <- mtcars %>%
bind_rows(mtcars %>% slice(1, 5, 9))
#> New names:
#> * `Mazda RX4` -> `Mazda RX4...1`
#> * `Hornet Sportabout` -> `Hornet Sportabout...5`
#> * `Merc 230` -> `Merc 230...9`
#> * `Mazda RX4` -> `Mazda RX4...33`
#> * `Hornet Sportabout` -> `Hornet Sportabout...34`
#> * ...
# Return rows with duplicates in cyl and am
df %>%
find_duplicates(cyl, am)
#> # A tibble: 35 x 11
#> mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb
#> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
#> 1 21 6 160 110 3.9 2.62 16.5 0 1 4 4
#> 2 21 6 160 110 3.9 2.88 17.0 0 1 4 4
#> 3 22.8 4 108 93 3.85 2.32 18.6 1 1 4 1
#> 4 21.4 6 258 110 3.08 3.22 19.4 1 0 3 1
#> # … with 31 more rows
There are also find functions for other cases. For example find_na()
returns rows with missing values.
starwars %>%
find_na(height)
#> # A tibble: 6 x 14
#> name height mass hair_color skin_color eye_color birth_year sex
#> <chr> <int> <dbl> <chr> <chr> <chr> <dbl> <chr>
#> 1 Arve…  NA NA brown light brown NA male
#> # … with 2 more rows, and 6 more variables: gender <chr>, homeworld <chr>,
#> # species <chr>, films <list>, vehicles <list>, starships <list>
If you rather want a Boolean value instead then e.g. check_duplicates()
returns TRUE
if the data frame contains duplicates, otherwise it returns FALSE
.
Let’s say that we have found a problem is caused by missing values in the column height
and you want to replace all missing values with the integer 100. hablar
comes with an additional ways of doing if-or-else.
starwars %>%
find_na(height) %>%
mutate(height = if_na(height, 100L))
#> # A tibble: 6 x 14
#> name height mass hair_color skin_color eye_color birth_year sex
#> <chr> <int> <dbl> <chr> <chr> <chr> <dbl> <chr>
#> 1 Arve… 100 NA brown fair brown NA male
#> 2 Finn 100 NA black dark dark NA male
#> 3 Rey 100 NA brown light hazel NA fema…
#> 4 Poe … 100 NA brown light brown NA male
#> # … with 2 more rows, and 6 more variables: gender <chr>, homeworld <chr>,
#> # species <chr>, films <list>, vehicles <list>, starships <list>
In the chunk above we successfully replaced all missing heights with the integer 100. hablar
also contain the self explained:
if_zero()
and zero_if()
if_inf()
and inf_if()
if_nan()
and nan_if()
which works in the same way as the examples above.
The generic function if_else_()
provides the same rigidity as if_else()
in dplyr
but ads some flexibility. In dplyr
you need to specify which type NA
should have. In if_else_()
you can write:
starwars %>%
mutate(skin_color = if_else_(hair_color == "brown", NA, hair_color))
#> # A tibble: 87 x 14
#> name height mass hair_color skin_color eye_color birth_year sex
#> <chr> <int> <dbl> <chr> <chr> <chr> <dbl> <chr>
#> 1 Luke… 172 77 blond blond blue 19 male
#> 2 C-3PO 167 75 <NA> <NA> yellow 112 none
#> 3 R2-D2 96 32 <NA> <NA> red 33 none
#> 4 Dart… 202 136 none none yellow 41.9 male
#> # … with 83 more rows, and 6 more variables: gender <chr>,
#> # homeworld <chr>, species <chr>, films <list>, vehicles <list>,
#> # starships <list>
In if_else()
from dplyr
you would have had to specified NA_character_
.


This program lets you open MPC .xpj-format files for conversion to .mid (Midi) files.
To use this program, press the "Choose File" button and select a xpj file to work with.
© 2019 Catnip/Jamie Faye Fenton.


Scene I
Rome. Before the Capitol.
SATURNINUS
The Tomb of the ANDRONICI appearing; the Tribunes
and Senators aloft. Enter, below, from one side,
SATURNINUS and his Followers; and, from the other
side, BASSIANUS and his Followers; with drum and colours
Noble patricians, patrons of my right,
Defend the justice of my cause with arms,
And, countrymen, my loving followers,
Plead my successive title with your swords:
I am his first-born son, that was the last
That wore the imperial diadem of Rome;
Then let my father's honours live in me,
Nor wrong mine age with this indignity.
BASSIANUS
Romans, friends, followers, favorers of my right,
If ever Bassianus, Caesar's son,
Were gracious in the eyes of royal Rome,
Keep then this passage to the Capitol
And suffer not dishonour to approach
The imperial seat, to virtue consecrate,
To justice, continence and nobility;
But let desert in pure election shine,
And, Romans, fight for freedom in your choice.
[Enter MARCUS ANDRONICUS, aloft, with the crown]
MARCUS ANDRONICUS
Princes, that strive by factions and by friends
Ambitiously for rule and empery,
Know that the people of Rome, for whom we stand
A special party, have, by common voice,
In election for the Roman empery,
Chosen Andronicus, surnamed Pius
For many good and great deserts to Rome:
A nobler man, a braver warrior,
Lives not this day within the city walls:
He by the senate is accit'd home
From weary wars against the barbarous Goths;
That, with his sons, a terror to our foes,
Hath yoked a nation strong, train'd up in arms.
Ten years are spent since first he undertook
This cause of Rome and chastised with arms
Our enemies' pride: five times he hath return'd
Bleeding to Rome, bearing his valiant sons
In coffins from the field;
And now at last, laden with horror's spoils,
Returns the good Andronicus to Rome,
Renowned Titus, flourishing in arms.
Let us entreat, by honour of his name,
Whom worthily you would have now succeed.
And in the Capitol and senate's right,
Whom you pretend to honour and adore,
That you withdraw you and abate your strength;
Dismiss your followers and, as suitors should,
Plead your deserts in peace and humbleness.
SATURNINUS
How fair the tribune speaks to calm my thoughts!
BASSIANUS
Marcus Andronicus, so I do ally
In thy uprightness and integrity,
And so I love and honour thee and thine,
Thy noble brother Titus and his sons,
And her to whom my thoughts are humbled all,
Gracious Lavinia, Rome's rich ornament,
That I will here dismiss my loving friends,
And to my fortunes and the people's favor
Commit my cause in balance to be weigh'd.
[Exeunt the followers of BASSIANUS]
SATURNINUS
Friends, that have been thus forward in my right,
I thank you all and here dismiss you all,
And to the love and favor of my country
Commit myself, my person and the cause.
[Exeunt the followers of SATURNINUS]
Rome, be as just and gracious unto me
As I am confident and kind to thee.
Open the gates, and let me in.
BASSIANUS
Tribunes, and me, a poor competitor.
[Flourish. SATURNINUS and BASSIANUS go up into the Capitol]
[Enter a Captain]
Captain
Romans, make way: the good Andronicus.
Patron of virtue, Rome's best champion,
Successful in the battles that he fights,
With honour and with fortune is return'd
From where he circumscribed with his sword,
And brought to yoke, the enemies of Rome.
Drums and trumpets sounded. Enter MARTIUS and
MUTIUS; After them, two Men bearing a coffin
covered with black; then LUCIUS and QUINTUS. After
them, TITUS ANDRONICUS; and then TAMORA, with
ALARBUS, DEMETRIUS, CHIRON, AARON, and other Goths,
prisoners; Soldiers and people following. The
Bearers set down the coffin, and TITUS speaks
TITUS ANDRONICUS
Hail, Rome, victorious in thy mourning weeds!
Lo, as the bark, that hath discharged her fraught,
Returns with precious jading to the bay
From whence at first she weigh'd her anchorage,
Cometh Andronicus, bound with laurel boughs,
To re-salute his country with his tears,
Tears of true joy for his return to Rome.
Thou great defender of this Capitol,
Stand gracious to the rites that we intend!
Romans, of five and twenty valiant sons,
Half of the number that King Priam had,
Behold the poor remains, alive and dead!
These that survive let Rome reward with love;
These that I bring unto their latest home,
With burial amongst their ancestors:
Here Goths have given me leave to sheathe my sword.
Titus, unkind and careless of thine own,
Why suffer'st thou thy sons, unburied yet,
To hover on the dreadful shore of Styx?
Make way to lay them by their brethren.
[The tomb is opened]
There greet in silence, as the dead are wont,
And sleep in peace, slain in your country's wars!
O sacred receptacle of my joys,
Sweet cell of virtue and nobility,
How many sons of mine hast thou in store,
That thou wilt never render to me more!
LUCIUS
Give us the proudest prisoner of the Goths,
That we may hew his limbs, and on a pile
Ad manes fratrum sacrifice his flesh,
Before this earthy prison of their bones;
That so the shadows be not unappeased,
Nor we disturb'd with prodigies on earth.

TAMORA
Stay, Roman brethren! Gracious conqueror,
Victorious Titus, rue the tears I shed,
A mother's tears in passion for her son:
And if thy sons were ever dear to thee,
O, think my son to be as dear to me!
Sufficeth not that we are brought to Rome,
To beautify thy triumphs and return,
Captive to thee and to thy Roman yoke,
But must my sons be slaughter'd in the streets,
For valiant doings in their country's cause?
O, if to fight for king and commonweal
Were piety in thine, it is in these.
Andronicus, stain not thy tomb with blood:
Wilt thou draw near the nature of the gods?
Draw near them then in being merciful:
Sweet mercy is nobility's true badge:
Thrice noble Titus, spare my first-born son.
TITUS ANDRONICUS
Patient yourself, madam, and pardon me.

[Exeunt LUCIUS, QUINTUS, MARTIUS, and MUTIUS, with ALARBUS]
TAMORA
O cruel, irreligious piety!
CHIRON
Was ever Scythia half so barbarous?
DEMETRIUS
Oppose not Scythia to ambitious Rome.
Alarbus goes to rest; and we survive
To tremble under Titus' threatening looks.
Then, madam, stand resolved, but hope withal
The self-same gods that arm'd the Queen of Troy
With opportunity of sharp revenge
Upon the Thracian tyrant in his tent,
May favor Tamora, the Queen of Goths--
When Goths were Goths and Tamora was queen--
To quit the bloody wrongs upon her foes.

Remaineth nought, but to inter our brethren,
And with loud 'larums welcome them to Rome.
TITUS ANDRONICUS
Let it be so; and let Andronicus
Make this his latest farewell to their souls.
[Trumpets sounded, and the coffin laid in the tomb]
In peace and honour rest you here, my sons;
Rome's readiest champions, repose you here in rest,
Secure from worldly chances and mishaps!
Here lurks no treason, here no envy swells,
Here grow no damned grudges; here are no storms,
No noise, but silence and eternal sleep:
In peace and honour rest you here, my sons!
[Enter LAVINIA]
LAVINIA
In peace and honour live Lord Titus long;
My noble lord and father, live in fame!
Lo, at this tomb my tributary tears
I render, for my brethren's obsequies;
And at thy feet I kneel, with tears of joy,
Shed on the earth, for thy return to Rome:
O, bless me here with thy victorious hand,
Whose fortunes Rome's best citizens applaud!
TITUS ANDRONICUS
Kind Rome, that hast thus lovingly reserved
The cordial of mine age to glad my heart!
Lavinia, live; outlive thy father's days,
And fame's eternal date, for virtue's praise!
Enter, below, MARCUS ANDRONICUS and Tribunes;
re-enter SATURNINUS and BASSIANUS, attended
MARCUS ANDRONICUS
Long live Lord Titus, my beloved brother,
Gracious triumpher in the eyes of Rome!
TITUS ANDRONICUS
Thanks, gentle tribune, noble brother Marcus.
MARCUS ANDRONICUS
And welcome, nephews, from successful wars,
You that survive, and you that sleep in fame!
Fair lords, your fortunes are alike in all,
That in your country's service drew your swords:
But safer triumph is this funeral pomp,
That hath aspired to Solon's happiness
And triumphs over chance in honour's bed.
Titus Andronicus, the people of Rome,
Whose friend in justice thou hast ever been,
Send thee by me, their tribune and their trust,
This palliament of white and spotless hue;
And name thee in election for the empire,
With these our late-deceased emperor's sons:
Be candidatus then, and put it on,
And help to set a head on headless Rome.
TITUS ANDRONICUS
A better head her glorious body fits
Than his that shakes for age and feebleness:
What should I don this robe, and trouble you?
Be chosen with proclamations to-day,
To-morrow yield up rule, resign my life,
And set abroad new business for you all?
Rome, I have been thy soldier forty years,
And led my country's strength successfully,
And buried one and twenty valiant sons,
Knighted in field, slain manfully in arms,
In right and service of their noble country
Give me a staff of honour for mine age,
But not a sceptre to control the world:
Upright he held it, lords, that held it last.
MARCUS ANDRONICUS
Titus, thou shalt obtain and ask the empery.
SATURNINUS
Proud and ambitious tribune, canst thou tell?
TITUS ANDRONICUS
Patience, Prince Saturninus.
SATURNINUS
Romans, do me right:
Patricians, draw your swords: and sheathe them not
Till Saturninus be Rome's emperor.
Andronicus, would thou wert shipp'd to hell,
Rather than rob me of the people's hearts!
LUCIUS
Proud Saturnine, interrupter of the good
That noble-minded Titus means to thee!
TITUS ANDRONICUS
Content thee, prince; I will restore to thee
The people's hearts, and wean them from themselves.
BASSIANUS
Andronicus, I do not flatter thee,
But honour thee, and will do till I die:
My faction if thou strengthen with thy friends,
I will most thankful be; and thanks to men
Of noble minds is honourable meed.
TITUS ANDRONICUS
People of Rome, and people's tribunes here,
I ask your voices and your suffrages:
Will you bestow them friendly on Andronicus?
Tribunes
To gratify the good Andronicus,
And gratulate his safe return to Rome,
The people will accept whom he admits.
TITUS ANDRONICUS
Tribunes, I thank you: and this suit I make,
That you create your emperor's eldest son,
Lord Saturnine; whose virtues will, I hope,
Reflect on Rome as Titan's rays on earth,
And ripen justice in this commonweal:
Then, if you will elect by my advice,
Crown him and say 'Long live our emperor!'
MARCUS ANDRONICUS
With voices and applause of every sort,
Patricians and plebeians, we create
Lord Saturninus Rome's great emperor,
And say 'Long live our Emperor Saturnine!'
[A long flourish till they come down]
SATURNINUS
Titus Andronicus, for thy favors done
To us in our election this day,
I give thee thanks in part of thy deserts,
And will with deeds requite thy gentleness:
And, for an onset, Titus, to advance
Thy name and honourable family,
Lavinia will I make my empress,
Rome's royal mistress, mistress of my heart,
And in the sacred Pantheon her espouse:
Tell me, Andronicus, doth this motion please thee?
TITUS ANDRONICUS
It doth, my worthy lord; and in this match
I hold me highly honour'd of your grace:
And here in sight of Rome to Saturnine,
King and commander of our commonweal,
The wide world's emperor, do I consecrate
My sword, my chariot and my prisoners;
Presents well worthy Rome's imperial lord:
Receive them then, the tribute that I owe,
Mine honour's ensigns humbled at thy feet.
SATURNINUS
Thanks, noble Titus, father of my life!
How proud I am of thee and of thy gifts
Rome shall record, and when I do forget
The least of these unspeakable deserts,
Romans, forget your fealty to me.
TITUS ANDRONICUS
[To TAMORA] Now, madam, are you prisoner to
an emperor;
To him that, for your honour and your state,
Will use you nobly and your followers.
SATURNINUS
A goodly lady, trust me; of the hue
That I would choose, were I to choose anew.
Clear up, fair queen, that cloudy countenance:
Though chance of war hath wrought this change of cheer,
Thou comest not to be made a scorn in Rome:
Princely shall be thy usage every way.
Rest on my word, and let not discontent
Daunt all your hopes: madam, he comforts you
Can make you greater than the Queen of Goths.
Lavinia, you are not displeased with this?
LAVINIA
Not I, my lord; sith true nobility
Warrants these words in princely courtesy.
SATURNINUS
Thanks, sweet Lavinia. Romans, let us go;
Ransomless here we set our prisoners free:
Proclaim our honours, lords, with trump and drum.
[Flourish.
[Seizing LAVINIA]
TITUS ANDRONICUS
How, sir! are you in earnest then, my lord?
BASSIANUS
Ay, noble Titus; and resolved withal
To do myself this reason and this right.
MARCUS ANDRONICUS
'Suum cuique' is our Roman justice:
This prince in justice seizeth but his own.
LUCIUS
And that he will, and shall, if Lucius live.
TITUS ANDRONICUS
Traitors, avaunt! Where is the emperor's guard?
Treason, my lord! Lavinia is surprised!
SATURNINUS
Surprised! by whom?
BASSIANUS
By him that justly may
Bear his betroth'd from all the world away.
[Exeunt BASSIANUS and MARCUS with LAVINIA]
MUTIUS
Brothers, help to convey her hence away,
And with my sword I'll keep this door safe.
[Exeunt LUCIUS, QUINTUS, and MARTIUS]
TITUS ANDRONICUS
Follow, my lord, and I'll soon bring her back.
MUTIUS
My lord, you pass not here.
TITUS ANDRONICUS
What, villain boy!
Barr'st me my way in Rome?
[Stabbing MUTIUS]
MUTIUS
Help, Lucius, help!
[Dies]
During the fray, SATURNINUS, TAMORA, DEMETRIUS,
CHIRON and AARON go out and re-enter, above
[Re-enter LUCIUS]
LUCIUS
My lord, you are unjust, and, more than so,
In wrongful quarrel you have slain your son.
TITUS ANDRONICUS
Nor thou, nor he, are any sons of mine;
My sons would never so dishonour me:
Traitor, restore Lavinia to the emperor.
LUCIUS
Dead, if you will; but not to be his wife,
That is another's lawful promised love.
[Exit]
SATURNINUS
No, Titus, no; the emperor needs her not,
Nor her, nor thee, nor any of thy stock:
I'll trust, by leisure, him that mocks me once;
Thee never, nor thy traitorous haughty sons,
Confederates all thus to dishonour me.
Was there none else in Rome to make a stale,
But Saturnine? Full well, Andronicus,
Agree these deeds with that proud brag of thine,
That said'st I begg'd the empire at thy hands.
TITUS ANDRONICUS
O monstrous! what reproachful words are these?
SATURNINUS
But go thy ways; go, give that changing piece
To him that flourish'd for her with his sword
A valiant son-in-law thou shalt enjoy;
One fit to bandy with thy lawless sons,
To ruffle in the commonwealth of Rome.
TITUS ANDRONICUS
These words are razors to my wounded heart.
SATURNINUS
And therefore, lovely Tamora, queen of Goths,
That like the stately Phoebe 'mongst her nymphs
Dost overshine the gallant'st dames of Rome,
If thou be pleased with this my sudden choice,
Behold, I choose thee, Tamora, for my bride,
And will create thee empress of Rome,
Speak, Queen of Goths, dost thou applaud my choice?
And here I swear by all the Roman gods,
Sith priest and holy water are so near
And tapers burn so bright and every thing
In readiness for Hymenaeus stand,
I will not re-salute the streets of Rome,
Or climb my palace, till from forth this place
I lead espoused my bride along with me.
TAMORA
And here, in sight of heaven, to Rome I swear,
If Saturnine advance the Queen of Goths,
She will a handmaid be to his desires,
A loving nurse, a mother to his youth.
SATURNINUS
Ascend, fair queen, Pantheon. Lords, accompany
Your noble emperor and his lovely bride,
Sent by the heavens for Prince Saturnine,
Whose wisdom hath her fortune conquered:
There shall we consummate our spousal rites.
[Exeunt all but TITUS]
TITUS ANDRONICUS
I am not bid to wait upon this bride.
Titus, when wert thou wont to walk alone,
Dishonour'd thus, and challenged of wrongs?
[Re-enter MARCUS, LUCIUS, QUINTUS, and MARTIUS]
MARCUS ANDRONICUS
O Titus, see, O, see what thou hast done!
In a bad quarrel slain a virtuous son.
TITUS ANDRONICUS
No, foolish tribune, no; no son of mine,
Nor thou, nor these, confederates in the deed
That hath dishonour'd all our family;
Unworthy brother, and unworthy sons!
LUCIUS
But let us give him burial, as becomes;
Give Mutius burial with our brethren.
TITUS ANDRONICUS
Traitors, away! he rests not in this tomb:
This monument five hundred years hath stood,
Which I have sumptuously re-edified:
Here none but soldiers and Rome's servitors
Repose in fame; none basely slain in brawls:
Bury him where you can; he comes not here.
MARCUS ANDRONICUS
My lord, this is impiety in you:
My nephew Mutius' deeds do plead for him
He must be buried with his brethren.
QUINTUS
|
| And shall, or him we will accompany.
TITUS ANDRONICUS
'And shall!' what villain was it that spake
that word?
QUINTUS
He that would vouch it in any place but here.
TITUS ANDRONICUS
What, would you bury him in my despite?
MARCUS ANDRONICUS
No, noble Titus, but entreat of thee
To pardon Mutius and to bury him.

MARTIUS
He is not with himself; let us withdraw.
QUINTUS
Not I, till Mutius' bones be buried.
[MARCUS and the Sons of TITUS kneel]
MARCUS ANDRONICUS
Brother, for in that name doth nature plead,--
QUINTUS
Father, and in that name doth nature speak,--
TITUS ANDRONICUS
Speak thou no more, if all the rest will speed.
MARCUS ANDRONICUS
Renowned Titus, more than half my soul,--
LUCIUS
Dear father, soul and substance of us all,--
MARCUS ANDRONICUS
Suffer thy brother Marcus to inter
His noble nephew here in virtue's nest,
That died in honour and Lavinia's cause.
Thou art a Roman; be not barbarous:
The Greeks upon advice did bury Ajax
That slew himself; and wise Laertes' son
Did graciously plead for his funerals:
Let not young Mutius, then, that was thy joy
Be barr'd his entrance here.
TITUS ANDRONICUS
Rise, Marcus, rise.
The dismall'st day is this that e'er I saw,
To be dishonour'd by my sons in Rome!
Well, bury him, and bury me the next.
[MUTIUS is put into the tomb]
LUCIUS
There lie thy bones, sweet Mutius, with thy friends,
Till we with trophies do adorn thy tomb.
All
[Kneeling] No man shed tears for noble Mutius;
He lives in fame that died in virtue's cause.
MARCUS ANDRONICUS
My lord, to step out of these dreary dumps,
How comes it that the subtle Queen of Goths
Is of a sudden thus advanced in Rome?
TITUS ANDRONICUS
I know not, Marcus; but I know it is,
Whether by device or no, the heavens can tell:
Is she not then beholding to the man
That brought her for this high good turn so far?
Yes, and will nobly him remunerate.
Flourish. Re-enter, from one side, SATURNINUS
attended, TAMORA, DEMETRIUS, CHIRON and AARON; from
the other, BASSIANUS, LAVINIA, and others
SATURNINUS
So, Bassianus, you have play'd your prize:
God give you joy, sir, of your gallant bride!
BASSIANUS
And you of yours, my lord! I say no more,
Nor wish no less; and so, I take my leave.
SATURNINUS
Traitor, if Rome have law or we have power,
Thou and thy faction shall repent this rape.
BASSIANUS
Rape, call you it, my lord, to seize my own,
My truth-betrothed love and now my wife?
But let the laws of Rome determine all;
Meanwhile I am possess'd of that is mine.
SATURNINUS
'Tis good, sir: you are very short with us;
But, if we live, we'll be as sharp with you.
BASSIANUS
My lord, what I have done, as best I may,
Answer I must and shall do with my life.
Only thus much I give your grace to know:
By all the duties that I owe to Rome,
This noble gentleman, Lord Titus here,
Is in opinion and in honour wrong'd;
That in the rescue of Lavinia
With his own hand did slay his youngest son,
In zeal to you and highly moved to wrath
To be controll'd in that he frankly gave:
Receive him, then, to favor, Saturnine,
That hath express'd himself in all his deeds
A father and a friend to thee and Rome.
TITUS ANDRONICUS
Prince Bassianus, leave to plead my deeds:
'Tis thou and those that have dishonour'd me.
Rome and the righteous heavens be my judge,
How I have loved and honour'd Saturnine!
TAMORA
My worthy lord, if ever Tamora
Were gracious in those princely eyes of thine,
Then hear me speak in indifferently for all;
And at my suit, sweet, pardon what is past.
SATURNINUS
What, madam! be dishonour'd openly,
And basely put it up without revenge?
TAMORA
Not so, my lord; the gods of Rome forfend
I should be author to dishonour you!
But on mine honour dare I undertake
For good Lord Titus' innocence in all;
Whose fury not dissembled speaks his griefs:
Then, at my suit, look graciously on him;
Lose not so noble a friend on vain suppose,
Nor with sour looks afflict his gentle heart.

[Aloud]
Come, come, sweet emperor; come, Andronicus;
Take up this good old man, and cheer the heart
That dies in tempest of thy angry frown.
SATURNINUS
Rise, Titus, rise; my empress hath prevail'd.
TITUS ANDRONICUS
I thank your majesty, and her, my lord:
These words, these looks, infuse new life in me.
TAMORA
Titus, I am incorporate in Rome,
A Roman now adopted happily,
And must advise the emperor for his good.
This day all quarrels die, Andronicus;
And let it be mine honour, good my lord,
That I have reconciled your friends and you.
For you, Prince Bassianus, I have pass'd
My word and promise to the emperor,
That you will be more mild and tractable.

LUCIUS
We do, and vow to heaven and to his highness,
That what we did was mildly as we might,
Tendering our sister's honour and our own.
MARCUS ANDRONICUS
That, on mine honour, here I do protest.
SATURNINUS
Away, and talk not; trouble us no more.
TAMORA
Nay, nay, sweet emperor, we must all be friends:
The tribune and his nephews kneel for grace;
I will not be denied: sweet heart, look back.
SATURNINUS
Marcus, for thy sake and thy brother's here,
And at my lovely Tamora's entreats,
I do remit these young men's heinous faults: Stand up.
Lavinia, though you left me like a churl,
I found a friend, and sure as death I swore
I would not part a bachelor from the priest.
Come, if the emperor's court can feast two brides,
You are my guest, Lavinia, and your friends.
This day shall be a love-day, Tamora.
TITUS ANDRONICUS
To-morrow, an it please your majesty
To hunt the panther and the hart with me,
With horn and hound we'll give your grace bonjour.
SATURNINUS
Be it so, Titus, and gramercy too.
[Flourish. Exeunt]


Overview
Submission. If necessary, email the following as attachments to the instructor (kum@tamhsc.edu).
- Commented code (lnameN.sas, where N indicates the assignment number and lname is your last name)
- Output from your code (lnameN.log & lnameN.lst)
All assignments are due at 11:59pm the day before the class they are due.
Late Assignments. Each student will be allowed one late assignment, due 7 days from the due date. NO other late assignments or make up will be accepted.
ASSIGNMENT & EXAM SCHEDULE
| Date | Assignment Given | Assignment Due |
|---|---|---|
| Week 1 | Assignment 1 | |
| Week 2 | ||
| Week 3 | Assignment 2 | Assignment 1 |
| Week 4 | ||
| Week 5 | Assignment 3 | Assignment 2 |
| Week 6 | ||
| Week 7 | Assignment 4 | Assignment 3 |
| Week 8 | Midterm | |
| Week 9 | ||
| Week 10 | Assignment 5 | Assignment 4 |
| Week 11 | ||
| Week 12 | Assignment 6 | Assignment 5 |
| Week 13 | ||
| Week 14 | Final Project | Assignment 6 |
| Week 15 | Final Project Milestone 1 | |
| Week 16 | Final Project Milestone 2 | |
| Week 17 | Final Project |
Collaboration: Collaboration on assignments, in class labs and homeworks, IS encouraged. However, what you hand in must be in your own writing/typing. Good scholarship requires that all collaborations must be acknowledged. Thus, if you collaborate on the solution of the problem set, we expect that you list your collaborators at the top of the page. Collaboration on in-class evaluations (quizzes, mid-terms, and the final exams) is, of course, a violation. This includes a discussion of questions on a quiz, midterm, or final with students from sections that has not yet taken the evaluation.
Plagiarism: If you consult any outside sources when doing your work, you are expect to further document these sources. Give credit where credit is due. Plagiarism will not be tolerated.
All handed in homework should state at the top any assistance with debugging and programming, as well as citations of any program segments copied from a website.
Seeking Help: Language classes are cumulative; don’t fall behind. Ask for assistance from your fellow students or from the instructor, especially if you find yourself struggling. But remember in the end, programming classes are like skill building math classes. Either you know how to do them or not. No amount of watching others or the instructor program or debug it will suffice for you to build these skills. Only your hard work to work through them will build your skills. It is a lot of work to build these skills, but data skills are highly valuable in the job market in the modern digital world, so it will be well worth your effort. Furthermore, once you learn to think in this manner, it’s not something you forget.
Elegance: There is always more than one way to say something, but some ways will be more “elegant” than others. You will learn to recognize elegant expressions as you become more familiar with a language and use the elegant idioms as you become more skilled.
Recommended readings for this assignment
In the following sections, if I copied and pasted sections from any of these websites, it is italicized.
- Modules to understand SAS http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/sas/
Assignment 1: Hello World!
In this assignment, you will write your first SAS code. It is a very simple assignment, so you should be able to complete this in the computer lab if you do not have access to the software elsewhere.
Setting Up
- Locate the software (SAS) on the computer and execute it
- Create a working directory, often referred to as pwd (present working directory), where you will work on this assignment. For example, “assign1”.
- When you are writing programs, it is often a good idea to put your code in a different directory from your datasets, because if you are writing a lot of code, or working with a lot of datasets, you will stay more organized. So, create a directory called "data" in the pwd
- Now create one more directory for code in your pwd for SAS(“sas”).
- Now, get a good text editor. For example notepad2 available below. You should be able to unpack this software into your pwd or USB and run from there by double clicking on “Notepad2…” of you cannot install on the lab computer.
- http://notepad2.com/
- Now you are READY!
Getting Data : Download Flu Trends Data from Google Flu Trends
- Go to http://www.google.org/flutrends
- Choose “United States” from dropdown on the left as “national”
- Click “download data” link on the left (leave the second drop down)
- Save as “flu.csv” in your data directory
- Open this csv file using the text editor
- Cut and Paste the comments on top (11 lines) into a different text file (“readme.txt”). This is documentation on what the data is for your reference later, in case you have to come back to this. The csv file should start with “Date, United States …”
- Don’t forget to save your files.
What you will do with the data via programming:
- Import the data into the software
- Find out how many variables (columns) and observations (rows) are in the data, and what is in the data. Note you have to get the software to output this, even if you know the answer to this question.
- Print the first 10 observations
- [EXTRA CREDIT (+1) ] If you feel really ambitious, try to find the mean of each state. If you can’t figure out how to do this after trying a bit, don’t worry. We will learn this later in class.
P1. In SAS:
-
Open a new file in the text editor. In this file, type:
*This program imports, describes, and displays the dataset;
libname data '../data';
proc import out= flu
datafile= "../data/flu.csv"
dbms=csv replace;
getnames=yes;
datarow=2;
proc contents data=flu;
proc print data=flu(obs=10);
Save your program as “flu.sas” and exit
-
Let's look at this program line by line.
The first line of the program is a comment. Comments begin with a "*", and end with a ";" You can type anything you want in a comment, but generally comments give information about your program.
The next line (libname) tells SAS where to find the dataset you will be using. "../data" means to look in the data directory that you created.
The next five lines import the csv dataset, and creates a working SAS dataset called flu, which contains the data from flu.csv. Note that this dataset is temporary and will be deleted when you are done running the code.
The line after that (contents) gives a description of the data.
The final line prints the first 10 observations in the data.
-
Use SAS to run your program. Note that the command you use to run SAS depends on the system you are using. If you double click on the sas program it should run sas.
-
Now, save out the log and lst.
P2. Try using point and click
Now, try doing the same task you did with point and click mode (without writing the program).
P3. Questions:
Answer these questions in the main text of the email you send with the attachments.
- Describe what data (flu.csv) you have in no more than three sentences
- Write one thing you liked better and one thing you did not like about using programs compared to point and click.
- Which statistical package do you want to commit to learning this semester? [OPTIONAL] Why?


| 016:036 Khan | : |
And verily, We have sent among every Ummah (community, nation) a Messenger (proclaiming): "Worship Allah (Alone), and avoid (or keep away from) Taghut (all false deities, etc. i.e. do not worship Taghut besides Allah)." Then of them were some whom Allah guided and of them were some upon whom the straying was justified. So travel through the land and see what was the end of those who denied (the truth). |
| 016:036 Maulana | : |
And certainly We raised in every nation a messenger, saying: Serve Allah and shun the devil. Then of them was he whom Allah guided, and of them was he whose remaining in error was justly due. So travel in the land, then see what was the end of the rejectors. |
| 016:036 Pickthal | : |
And verily We have raised in every nation a messenger, (proclaiming): Serve Allah and shun false gods. Then some of them (there were) whom Allah guided, and some of them (there were) upon whom error had just hold. Do but travel in the land and see the nature of the consequence for the deniers! |
| 016:036 Rashad | : |
We have sent a messenger to every community, saying, "You shall worship GOD, and avoid idolatry." Subsequently, some were guided by GOD, while others were committed to straying. Roam the earth and note the consequences for the rejectors. |
| 016:036 Sarwar | : |
To every nation We sent a Messenger who told its people, "Worship God and stay away from satan." Some of them were guided by God and others were doomed to go astray. Travel through the land and see how terrible was the end for those who rejected the truth! |
| 016:036 Shakir | : |
And certainly We raised in every nation a messenger saying: Serve Allah and shun the Shaitan. So there were some of them whom Allah guided and there were others against whom error was due; therefore travel in the land, then see what was the end of the rejecters. |
| 016:036 Sherali | : |
And WE did raise among every people a Messenger with the teaching, 'Worship ALLAH and shun the Evil one.' Then among them were some whom ALLAH guided and among them were some who became deserving of ruin. So travel through the earth and see what was the end of those who treated the prophets as liars ! |
| 016:036 Yusufali | : |
For We assuredly sent amongst every People a messenger, (with the Command), "Serve Allah, and eschew Evil": of the People were some whom Allah guided, and some on whom error became inevitably (established). So travel through the earth, and see what was the end of those who denied (the Truth). |
Concepts/Themes Covered: أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > توحيد الله تعالي > وحدانيته Pillars of Islam> Islamic> Oneness of Allah> Singularity and Being Unique أركان الإسلام > التوحيد > الكافرون > صفات الكفار Pillars of Islam> Islamic> The Disbelievers> The Characteristics of the Disbelievers القصص والتاريخ > السير و النظر فى عاقبة الماضيين The Stories and the History> Travelling through the Earth and Considering the End of those who Passed Away
This tool uses eight English parallel translations for the Holy Quran imported from Mr. Clay Smith. You can also visit Qurany Concepts for browsing the Quran themes or topics. If you want to search the Holy Quran for keywords, please visit Qurany Keywords.


NPR’s Planet Money podcast is one of my favorite things to listen to when I’m running. In a recent episode, “Why K-Pop is Taking over the World,” they discuss how South Korea has positioned itself to be a major player in pop music all across the world. It’s kind of strange to think of pop music as a commodity, but it really is, and one we’ve exported to the rest of the world for a long time. It took us more than 100 years to establish a pop music industry in America, and by making smart investments, learning from us ( and getting a bit lucky) Korea’s managed to kickstart a pop music industry in just 20 years by—as the Planet Money folks put it—figuring how to “manufacture, distribute, and ‘package’ ” music.
Most of the episode is devoted to showing how they’ve done this, how all of that work has laid a foundation for songs like Gangam Style. The song’s symbolic of the fact that Korea has become a real player in the world’s larger cultural industry. For the Koreans, investing in the industry was in many ways a brilliant economic strategy. Planet Money makes the case that when people in other countries listen to our music, watch our movies, and so on, they become much more likely to buy our stuff, visit our country, and associate things made in the US with quality. A strong cultural industry is an incredible form of soft power: it gives us the ability to influence the values of a large population of the world without fighting wars or giving them money.
So it seems to me that it’s in America’s best interests to maintain our edge as net exporters of cultural products. After listening to the episode, I kept thinking how valuable long-dead artists and musicians are to cities all across Europe. It’s always valuable to debate whether investments we make will return value to US taxpayers, but this episode in particular made me think how difficult it must be to calculate the real value of investing just a dollar into something like arts education.


Web Page Template
Use this template to build responsive web pages. The template displays a one-column layout in Row 1; a two-column layout in Row 2; and a three column layout in Row 3. To create new layouts, mix and match rows. Or replace rows with new content of your own choosing.
To see how this template was built and to see how it can be edited to generate new web pages, read Chapter 16 in Flexbox for Responsive Web Design.
Row 1
Block 1
Row 2
Block 2
Block 3
Row 3
Block 4
Block 5
Block 6


{# Tool bar at the top of the page which links users to different pages #} {% extends 'layout.html' %} {% block header %}


The GUI¶
Main View¶
This is TOTOVIEW main GUI.
The right-hand side shows all the file and variable that has been loaded into TOTOVIEW. The top bar shows the file input/output menu, Data manipulation menu and all the plugins. A description from all plugins and functions can obtained by going to the Help menu on top right-hand corner. To display a variable into the graph, the user must tick the variable name and a tick mark will appear before the variable name. Multiple variables can be plotted onto the graph. User can click on “Select All variables” to select them all or “Unselect All” to remove them from the graph. When user right clicks on the variable name, different attribute can be changed (i.e. name, unit, scaling factor, offset). If user right clicks on a filename, the file index (time by default) can be changed. This is usefull for plotting scatter plot for exemple.
Different type of plots can be displayed by selecting the plot type on the dropdown menu on top of the variable selection panel on the right-hand side.
The toolbar¶
The toolbar is taken from Matplotlib toobar. Detail information can be found in this documentation
Some extra button have been added to the toolbar. Any of these buttons can not be used in conjunction with Zoom/Pan button:
The Seclect button:
Use this button to draw a rectangle to select points. Selected point will be displayed in red.
The Calendar button:
Use this button select data between two dates. Selected point will be displayed in red.
The Peak button:
Use this button select peaks in a timeseries. Selected point will be displayed in red. This function is using the scipy function find_peaks
The table button:
Use this button draw a rectangle aournd the data. Statistics will be calculated for the selected data points and displayed on top of the graph.
The shortcuts¶
Once data have selected using the toolbar buttons, the user can choose to:
Delete the selected data by pressing “d”
Saving the selected data into a new DataFame by pressing “Enter”
A variable from one file can be copy and pasted to another file by using the CTRL+C and CTRL+V command. Variables can also be dragged from one file to another. If the index (i.e time) is different from one file to another the variable will be interpolated. BECARFULL when moving direction


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Last article (Debugging php with Xdebug on a distant VM)


Motorola Razr 2019 Beats Samsung With Two Features
by Jay McGregorMotorola’s foldable Razr phone has officially landed to much fanfare. The Lenovo-owned company has produced a truly unique - and truly foldable - phone that’s wildly different from rival Samsung and Huawei devices. Whilst the design is stealing the show, the specification list opens the door to some serious questions. It’ll be a few weeks (when review units become available) at least before we know how serious an issue that small battery is, or how capable the camera is.
For now, though, the Razr has some clear advantages over Samsung’s Galaxy Fold.
Aftercare
Foldable phones are ushering in a new generation of smartphone technology, but they’re also changing attitudes towards responsibility and repairs. Samsung offers Galaxy Fold owners one screen replacement for $149 should it fail, alongside a heavy-handed training session for new owners.
Motorola has gone one step further. There's a free “24-hour turnaround service” if the display fails. If there are other problems with the display "during normal use" then it will be repaired or replaced, too. For display or damage that occurs outside of this guarantee, replacements will cost $299. Motorola tells me that the full terms and conditions, which will include how many times owners are entitled to repairs, will be available when the device goes on sale.
Motorola has clearly heard the calls for smartphone manufacturers to embrace a new warranty and repairs philosophy. That’s especially true for foldable phones, which still have big durability question marks.
I suspect over the next year or two we’ll see increasingly generous warranties and repair/replacement offers become a key battleground for foldable phones - but this is a good place to start.
The race begins
My colleague Ian Morris messaged me as soon as the Razr news dropped and said “that Motorola makes PERFECT sense”. He’s right, it does.
I would’ve loved to have been a fly on the wall during one of Samsung’s Galaxy Fold design planning meetings, because I can’t figure out why it went for that clunky - book-shaped - design which doesn’t fold completely flat.
Motorola has done that rare thing of living up to expectations. The design does, indeed, make perfect sense. Why? It solves a common, modern, problem of smartphones being simply too big. Too big for pockets, too big for bags and too big for hands.
A device that folds to half the size of a traditional smartphone - and does so in some style - is an instant vote winner. As I’ve mentioned I’m sceptical about the specifications of the device, but form-factor alone makes up for a lot of other potential issues.
Motorola has said this is the beginning of a suite of foldable phones, so I’m looking forward to how it can improve from here. The launch of the Motorola Razr, to me, is where the true foldable phone race begins.
More on Forbes


padsp(1) padsp(1) NAME padsp - PulseAudio OSS Wrapper SYNOPSIS padsp [options] PROGRAM [ARGUMENTS ...] padsp -h DESCRIPTION padsp starts the specified program and redirects its access to OSS com‐ patible audio devices (/dev/dsp and auxiliary devices) to a PulseAudio sound server. padsp uses the $LD_PRELOAD environment variable that is interpreted by ld.so(8) and thus does not work for SUID binaries and statically built executables. Equivalent to using padsp is starting an application with $LD_PRELOAD set to libpulsedsp.so OPTIONS -h | --help Show help. -s SERVER Set the PulseAudio server to connect to. -n NAME The client application name that shall be passed to the server when connecting. -m NAME The stream name that shall be passed to the server when creating a stream. -M Disable /dev/mixer emulation. -S Disable /dev/sndstat emulation. -D Disable /dev/dsp emulation. -d Enable debug output. AUTHORS The PulseAudio Developers <pulseaudio-discuss (at) lists (dot) freedesk‐ top (dot) org>; PulseAudio is available from http://pulseaudio.org/ SEE ALSO pulseaudio(1), pasuspender(1), ld.so(8) Manuals User padsp(1)


DriverCity
Team
Project
Screenshots
Technologies
Contact
Project
SPARK
Next generation
open-space city parking


require_existing_user
: If true
, launching the exercise requires an existing user on Artemis (or the external user management used by
Artemis). If false
, a user will be created on first launch (in case the user does not exist yet).
lookup_user_by_email
: If true
, Artemis will try to find a matching user by the provided email address in the LTI request, if the user was
not found based on the provided user_id
in the LTI request.


From the Epstein scandal, to the Wayfair conspiracy, to "Pizzagate," misinformation has spread about human trafficking in the U.S. this year. Here is a look into accuracy some of the most popular statistics on the internet right now:
This meme is widely circulated on the #SaveTheChildren and other trafficking hashtags. It claims that 800,000 children in the U.S. disappear each year. If this were true, then about 7% of all children in the U.S. would disappear annually.
The number comes from a 2002 Department of Justice study that looked at missing children reports dating from 1999. About 115 of the 800,000 reported were victims of kidnapping by a stranger or distant
contact. Most of the incidents were
considered runaways or instances of caregiver miscommunication. Think: one parent in a custody battle keeps their kid for longer than their court-allotted time and the other parent calls the police.
This data is more than twenty years old. What is the real data in 2020?
421,394 missing-child incidents were reported to the FBI in 2019. And again, a large number of those kids are runaways - about 91%.


Will perform a check before resuming a build to ensure all the listed environment variables are identical between the resumed build and the current build.
e.g.: This could be used to ensure we are not resuming a build from an older SCM revision (GIT_COMMIT, SVN_REVISION, etc.)
If the variables don't match, a full build will be triggered instead.
You can define multiple variables using comma as a separator.


HyperText Tranfer Protocol (HTTP) and HHTP Secure (HTTPS) are the protocols that make the internet work. We've so far seen the means to get on the Intenet, how the traffic is travels on the wires. This page talks about the protocols that brings things together for the user. It makes the "Thing" work!
Before we dive into details, let's tal abtou what a protocol is. It is a set of rules that are used for a specific purpose. In the case of HTTP, it is a communication protocol that is used by the Internet to communicate between resources.
When a user or an application wants to "use" the Internet, they go to an Uniform Resource Locator (URL) which points to a server (resource) that hosts the application they want to use. The language they communicate in is HTTP or HTTPS. HTTPS is a secure form of HTTP that (using TLS) encrypts traffic as it moves over the wires.
The language consists of hypertet that links directly to other text and hyperlinks that connects one document to another using links. It also includes status codes that indicate to the requester what is happening with their request. The codes include 200 which indicates all is well, 404 which indicates page was not found and many others. The complete specification for HTTP can be found here.The complete HTTPS specification is here.
HTTPS was developed to address attacks such as man in the middle attacks. Using HTTPS, the two parties communicating can be sure that the information has not been intercepted and the communication is happening between parties who are who they say they are.
The DNS server in the local network is called Start of Authority(SOA) for that domain. Over time, the results from looking up hosts at the SOA will propagate to other DNS servers. How long these results stay on the remote servers depends on the Time To Live (TTL) parameter which each DNS server can set for it's results propagating across the Internet.


Web Page Backgrounds Are Supposed To Be Ugly
Ok, maybe not. Before reading this, note that I'm really not a designer. This is just a post about a book I read, and a thing I learned. And it's probably wrong. All of it is probably wrong.
After reading "Fresher Styles for Web Designers: More Eye Candy from the Underground" by Curt Cloninger, I learned that web page backgrounds are, most of the time, supposed to draw attention away from themselves, and into the content. Cloninger actually refers to background styles as "background killers", because the goal is literally to take void space, and remove it from the site, draw attention away from it, pretend it isn't there, and/or put it in a special dimension where users won't even know it exists.
At this point you may be thinking that I'm just stating the obvious, so hopefully you and I can share a moment here:
Do you ever recall designing a web page with a minimal amount of content and a plain color background, looking at your work and thinking about how horrible it looked? I certainly can, and it's because I didn't realize that to make a nicely laid out page, you often need two dynamic backgrounds styles, not one flat one.
Having two backgrounds is a subtle thing, but I promise you that many of the sites you look at will use two background styles. One background for the actual browser viewport itself, and one background style for the content. With the exception of the sites that are chock-full of content, designs will often employ two backgrounds to drive the valuable information to the eye of the user.
This makes sense because you usually don't want your body copy/content to sit directly on top of the browser viewport background, especially if you have a gradient background, a heavy pattern, or an image. Using two background styles in this way directs your users' eye to the content of the page, not the empty space around it. It then becomes incredibly easy to determine what part of the page is valuable and what part of the page is empty.


| assert {checkmate} | R Documentation |
You can call this function with an arbitrary number of of check*
functions, i.e. functions provided by this package or your own functions which
return TRUE
on success and the error message as character(1)
otherwise.
The resulting assertion is successful, if combine
is
“or” (default) and at least one check evaluates to TRUE
or
combine
is “and” and all checks evaluate to TRUE
.
Otherwise, assert
throws an informative error message.
assert(..., combine = "or", .var.name = NULL)
... |
[any] |
combine |
[ |
.var.name |
[ |
Throws an error if all checks fail and invisibly returns
TRUE
otherwise.
x = 1:10 assert(checkNull(x), checkInteger(x, any.missing = FALSE)) ## Not run: x = 1 assert(checkChoice(x, c("a", "b")), checkDataFrame(x)) ## End(Not run)


More...
|
| | Builder (TTip component) |
| |
| virtual TBuilder | ConstrainPosition (bool constrainPosition) |
| | If true, then the tooltip will be automatically constrained to stay within the browser viewport. Defaults to: true More...
|
| |
| virtual TBuilder | DefaultAlign (string defaultAlign) |
| | Experimental. The default Ext.Element.alignTo anchor position value for this tip relative to its element of origin. Defaults to: "tl-bl?" More...
|
| |
| virtual TBuilder | ShowAt (Unit x, Unit y) |
| |
| virtual TBuilder | ShowBy (string id) |
| |
| virtual TBuilder | ShowBy (string id, string position) |
| |
- Type Constraints
-
| TTip | : | Tip | |
| TBuilder | : | Builder | |
| TBuilder | : | TTip | |
| TBuilder | : | TBuilder | |
◆ Builder()
◆ ConstrainPosition()
If true, then the tooltip will be automatically constrained to stay within the browser viewport. Defaults to: true
◆ DefaultAlign()
Experimental. The default Ext.Element.alignTo anchor position value for this tip relative to its element of origin. Defaults to: "tl-bl?"
◆ ShowAt()
◆ ShowBy() [1/2]
◆ ShowBy() [2/2]
The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:
- Factory/Builder/TipBuilder.cs


Business Type:
{{business.businessType.name}}
Address:
{{business.address}}
City:
{{business.city.name}}
Township :
{{business.township.name}}
Founded Date:
{{business.foundedDate | date:'shortDate'}}
License Number:
{{ business.licenseNumber}}
Other License :
{{business.otherLicense}}
Type Of Ownership:
{{business.typeOfOwnership}}
number Of Employee:
{{business.numberOfEmployee}}


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econlearn.tile¶
-
class
econlearn.tile.
TilecodeDensity
(D, T, L, mem_max=1, offset='optimal', cores=1)[source]¶ Tile coding approximation of the pdf of X Fits by averaging. Supports multi-core fit and predict. Options for uniform, random or ‘optimal’ displacement vectors.
Parameters: D : integer
Total number of input dimensions
T : list of integers, length D
Number of tiles per dimension
L : integer
Number of tiling ‘layers’
mem_max : double, (default=1)
Proportion of tiles to store in memory: less than 1 means hashing is used.
min_sample : integer, (default=50)
Minimum number of observations per tile
offset : string, (default=’uniform’)
Type of displacement vector, one of ‘uniform’, ‘random’ or ‘optimal’
Attributes
tile (Tilecode instance)
-
class
econlearn.tile.
TilecodeNearestNeighbour
(D, L, mem_max=1, cores=1, offset='optimal')[source]¶ Fast approximate nearest neighbour search using tile coding data structure
Parameters: D : int,
Number of input dimensions
L : int,
Number of tilings or ‘layers’
mem_max : float, optional (default = 1)
Tile array size, values less than 1 turn on hashing
cores : int, optional (default=1)
Number of CPU cores to use (fitting stage is parallelized)
offset : {‘optimal’, ‘random’, ‘uniform’}, (default=’optimal’) optional
Type of displacement vector used
Notes
This is an approximate method: it is possible that some points > than radius may be included and some < than radius may be excluded.
-
fit
(X, radius, prop=1)[source]¶ Fit a tile coding data structure to X
Parameters: X : array of shape [N, D]
Input data (unscaled)
radius : float
radius for nearest neighbor queries. Tile widths for each dimension of X are int((b[i] - a[i]) / radius) where b and a are the max and min values of X[:,i].
-
predict
(X, thresh=1)[source]¶ Obtain nearest neighbors (points within distance radius)
Parameters: X : array of shape [N, D]
Query points
thresh : int, (default=1)
Only include points if they are active in at least thresh layers (max is L) Higher thresh values will tend to exclude the points furthest from the query point
Returns: Y : list of arrays (length = N)
Nearest neighbors for each query point
-
-
class
econlearn.tile.
TilecodeQVIteration
(D, T, L, radius, beta, ms=1, mem_max=1, cores=1, ASGD=True, linT=6)[source]¶ Solve a MDP with 1 policy variable and D state variables by Q-V Iteration
Parameters: D : int,
Number of state variables
T : list of integers, length D
Number of tiles per dimension
L : int,
Number of tilings or ‘layers’
radius : float,
Radius for state space sample grid
beta : float in (0, 1),
Discount rate
ms : int, optional (default = 1)
Minimum samples per tile for the Q function
mem_max : float, optional (default = 1)
Tile array size, values less than 1 turns on hashing
cores : int, optional (default=1)
Number of CPU cores to use
ASGD : boolean, optional (default=True)
Fit Q function by ASGD
offset : {‘optimal’, ‘random’, ‘uniform’}, (default=’optimal’)
Type of displacement vector used
linT : integer, optional (default=6)
Number of linear spline knots per dimension
-
iterate
(XA, X1, R, A_low, A_high, ITER=50, plot=False, plotdim=0, output=True, a=0, b=0, pc_samp=1, eta=0.8, maxT=60000, tilesg=False, sg_points=100, sg_prop=0.96, sg_samp=1, sgmem_max=0.4)[source]¶ Perform QV iteration given a set of training data (N state-action and state transition samples) to derive optimal value and policy functions
Parameters: XA : array of shape [N, D + 1]
State-action samples (i.e., actions in first column, then state variables)
X1 : array of shape [N, D]
State transition samples (i.e., state at t+1)
R : array of shape [N,]
Payoff samples
A_low : array of shape [N,],
Lower feasible bound for action A conditional on X
A_high : array of shape [N,],
Upper feasible bound for action A conditional on X
ITER : int, optional (default = 50)
Number of iterations
plot : boolean, optional (default = True)
Whether to generate plots of the final value and policy function.
plotdim : int in [0, D], optional (default = 0)
Which state dimension to plot (other dimensions are held fixed at their mean values).
a : array, optional, shape=(D)
Percentile to use for minimum tiling domain (if not provided set to 0)
b : array, optional, shape=(D)
Percentile to use for maximum tiling domain (if not provided set to 100)
pc_samp : float, optional, (default=1)
Proportion of sample to use when calculating percentile ranges
output : boolean, optional (default=True)
Whether to print value function change updates each iteration
eta : float (default=.01)
ASGD / SGD learning rate
maxT : int, default (default=60000)
ASGD / SGD learning rate parameter
tilesg : boolean, (default=False)
If True then will use tilecoding to build state space sample grid else will use distance method. Tilecoding is preferred for large samples.
sg_points : int, (default=100)
If tilesg=False, then the number of points in the state space sample grid
sg_prop : float, (default=0.96)
If tilesg=True, then the proportion of points to include in the state space sample grid (set less than 1 to exclude outliers)
sg_samp : float, (default=0.5)
If tilesg=True, then the proportion of the sample points to use for the state space sample grid
sgmem_max : float, (default = 0.4)
If tilesg=True, then the mem_max (hashing) parameter of the sample grid tilecode scheme.
-
maximise
(grid, A_low, A_high, output=True)[source]¶ Maximises current Q-function for a subset of state space points and returns new value and policy functions
Parameters: grid : array, shape=(N, D)
State space grid
A_low : array, shape=(N,)
action lower bound
A_high : array, shape=(N,)
action upper bound
Returns: ERROR: float
Mean absolute deviation
-
resetQ
(D, T, L, mem_max=1, ms=1)[source]¶ Reset the Q function
Parameters: D : int,
Number of state variables
T : list of integers, length D
Number of tiles per dimension
L : int,
Number of tilings or ‘layers’
mem_max : float, optional (default = 1)
Tile array size, values less than 1 turns on hashing
ms : int, optional (default = 1)
Minimum samples per tile for the Q function
-
-
class
econlearn.tile.
TilecodeRegressor
(D, T, L, mem_max=1, min_sample=1, offset='optimal', lin_spline=False, linT=7, cores=4)[source]¶ Tile coding for function approximation (Supervised Learning). Fits by averaging and/or Stochastic Gradient Descent. Supports multi-core fit and predict. Options for uniform, random or ‘optimal’ displacement vectors. Provides option for linear spline extrapolation / filling
Parameters: D : integer
Total number of input dimensions
T : list of integers, length D
Number of tiles per dimension
L : integer
Number of tiling ‘layers’
mem_max : double, (default=1)
Proportion of tiles to store in memory: less than 1 means hashing is used.
min_sample : integer, (default=50)
Minimum number of observations per tile
offset : string, (default=’uniform’)
Type of displacement vector, one of ‘uniform’, ‘random’ or ‘optimal’
lin_spline : boolean, (default=False)
Use sparse linear spline model to extrapolate / fill empty tiles
linT : integer, (default=6)
Number of linear spline knots per dimension
Attributes
tile (Cython Tilecode instance) -
check_memory
()[source]¶ Provides information on the current memory usage of the tilecoding scheme. If memory usage is an issue call this function after fitting and then consider rebuilding the scheme with a lower mem_max parameter.
-
fit
(X, Y, method='A', score=False, copy=True, a=0, b=0, pc_samp=1, eta=0.01, n_iters=1, scale=0)[source]¶ Estimate tilecode weights. Supports `Averaging’, Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) and Averaged SGD.
Parameters: X : array, shape=(N, D)
Input data (unscaled)
Y : array, shape=(N)
Output data (unscaled)
method : string (default=’A’)
Estimation method, one of ‘A’ (for Averaging), ‘SGD’ or ‘ASGD’.
score : boolean, (default=False)
Calculate R-squared
copy : boolean (default=False)
Store X and Y
a : array, optional shape=(D)
Percentile to use for minimum tiling range (if not provided set to 0)
b : array, optional, shape=(D)
Percentile to use for maximum tiling range (if not provided set to 100)
pc_samp : float, optional, (default=1)
Proportion of sample to use when calculating percentile ranges
eta : float (default=.01)
SGD Learning rate
n_iters : int (default=1)
Number of passes over the data set in SGD
scale : float (default=0)
Learning rate scaling factor in SGD
-
-
class
econlearn.tile.
TilecodeSamplegrid
(D, L, mem_max=1, cores=1, offset='optimal')[source]¶ Construct a sample grid (sample of approximately equidistant points) from a large data set, using a tilecoding data structure
Parameters: D : int,
Number of input dimensions
L : int,
Number of tilings or ‘layers’
mem_max : float, optional (default = 1)
Tile array size, values less than 1 turn on hashing
cores : int, optional (default=1)
Number of CPU cores to use (fitting stage is parallelized)
offset : {‘optimal’, ‘random’, ‘uniform’}, optional
Type of displacement vector used
Notes
This is an approximate method: it is possible that the resulting sample will contain some points less than
radius
distance apart. The accuracy improves with the number of layersL
.Currently the tile widths are defined as
int((b - a) / radius)**-1
, so small changes in radius may have no effect.-
fit
(X, radius, prop=1)[source]¶ Fit a density function to X and return a sample grid with a maximum of M points
Parameters: X : array of shape [N, D]
Input data (unscaled)
radius : float
minimum distance between points. This determines tile widths.
prop : float in (0, 1), optional (default=1.0)
Proportion of sample points to return (lowest density points are excluded)
Returns: GRID, array of shape [M, D]
The sample grid with M < N points
-


Rules
1. Opening remarks
- CREDO application is one of the tool for acquisition and analyze data in Cosmic-Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory (CREDO) the purpose of which is detection and researching for cosmic-ray in global scale in research of cosmic-ray ensembles.
- CREDO is international scientific project which involve non-scientist in citizen-science form. Project participants having at their disposal mobile device with installed CREDO Detector app can acquisition scientific information about detected cosmic-ray participle. Those informations are automatically sent to CREDO servers. All participants have access to gathered data and can be processed using app shared by CREDO and also using our own tools.
- Contact data and basic information: the CREDO Collaboration https://credo.science/ | https://www.facebook.com/credo.science/
- The administrator of the data collected in the CREDO project is
Cosmic-Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory Collaboration
https://credo.science/ | https://www.facebook.com/credo.science/
2. Participation in CREDO project
- In order to take place in CREDO project you will have to install CREDO Detector app, register through it in CREDO project and start in app Detector function with tightly covered main camera from surrounding light. Registration is necessary for assurances adequate reliance level for acquired data on the other hand tightly covering camera is needed for accurate interpretation of signal generated by mobile device camera sensor by penetrating cosmic-ray participle.
- In CREDO project can participate every person of age. In case of under age knowing and approvement of parents or guardian of law is obligatory.
- User of CREDO Detector app agrees on sharing with CREDO for scientific research such data: e-mail address; name of team he/she wants to be in; GPS location data; device orientation toward the Earth; device model; operating system version; pictures containing signal generated by penetrating radiation or other signals significantly exceeding background level.
- On e-mail address given by the time of registration can be sent messages about CREDO project
- User account can only be used by its owner. It is forbidden to share accounts with anyone else.
- User is obligated to secure their account and other authorized data inter alia by using tough passwords, accurate privilege and encryption.
- Through one’s account user can enter CREDO project server and download information gathered by oneself and the others.
3. How CREDO Detector work?
- App, when Detector function is working is gathering necessary information needed for realization CREDO scientific goals, save it in cache device memory, than, when Internet connection is established sends gathered data to CREDO project servers.
- When Detector function is not working, app does not gather data. It can though send earlier data gathered when function was still working, but could not be send to server successfully.
- App allows to preview data that was gathered during Detector function was working, which was sent on server in previous 10 days.
4. The action of Detection function
- App registrate image from attached camera and processed it on the same device
- The effect of processed image is an information about detection or lack of detection signal significantly exceeding background level, further excess signal, that can be signal generated by penetrating participles secondary cosmic rays.
- Information about detection of excess signal contain sample of image containing detected signal.
- Content of images on which excess signal was not detected is neither saved in device permanent storage nor send beyond device.
- Sample of image containing detected excess signal is saved in device cache memory and send to CREDO project servers via Internet. Remaining part of image is not saved in device permanent storage or send beyond device.
- From all samples of image there are gathered statistical data about average brightness of each sample of image, brightness of the brightest point on the sample of image and amount of pixels that are darker than parameter defined in application settings. Those data are aggregated in 10 minutes periods. Aggregation contain information about minimum, average and maximum value.
5. Additional information gathering when Detector function is working
- When Detector function is working are gathered additional information such as:
e
- device type and model and operating system version
- position of camera GPS
- device orientation toward Earth (X, Y and Z parameter read from accelerometer)
- device status (connected to charger, USB charging, no charging) and battery status (charging level)
- device temperature (if device have thermometer)
- Additional information are gathered at the moment of detecting excess signal and every 10 minutes during Detector function working.
6. Information sending to CREDO project servers
- To CREDO project servers are sent informations about detecting excess signal.
- Along with information about detecting excess signal and after every 10 minutes in time of working Detector function application is sending additional informations reminestent in 1.5.1.on CREDO project servers.
- All information sent to CREDO project server are sent along with user account identificator.
- When it is not possible to send gathered data through Internet, those data are saved in device memory. Another try of sending collected data is repeated when device regain Internet access.
7. Collected and shared data on CREDO project servers
- CREDO project servers collect and process for needs of CREDO project all data send from device with running application CREDO Detector.
- User have right to delete user-account from CREDO project. Deleting account will bring upon deleting personal data saved in account settings, while from collected data from CREDO Detector app will only be deleted links with this account.
- All CREDO project participants have access in all data send to servers from all participants CREDO Detector app
8. CREDO app user security
- When Detector function is working device and camera can heat up. User is obligated to watch out so that device will not get overheated. When device get overheated it could cause damage, can cause burn on people and/or animals and cause fire. Appropriate information should also be in device and camera manual.
9. Closing remarks
- It is forbidden to use data collected in CREDO project in other than scientific purpose, especially inconsistency with law and with all intentional actions that may collide with CREDO project proper work.
- CREDO is courteously asking user to attach information about using CREDO project infrastructure and data in publication, that where published based on results obtained using this project and notify International Collaborative CREDO about publication.
- CREDO is courteously asking about information about malfunction in CREDO Detector app working. Diagnostic information about app shutdown will be automatically send to CREDO project servers.
- CREDO Detector app creators are reserving the right to make change in following rules


| initiative | feelings | family | career | wellRead | selfInterest | home | urbane | intimacy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{partner1.initiative || '-'}} | {{partner1.feelings || '-'}} | {{partner1.family || '-'}} | {{partner1.career || '-'}} | {{partner1.wellRead || '-'}} | {{partner1.selfInterest || '-'}} | {{partner1.home || '-'}} | {{partner1.urbane || '-'}} | {{partner1.intimacy || '-'}} |
{{ dodo.description || 'This DoDo has no description'}}...
| initiative | feelings | family | career | wellRead | selfInterest | home | urbane | intimacy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{partner2.initiative || '-'}} | {{partner2.feelings || '-'}} | {{partner2.family || '-'}} | {{partner2.career || '-'}} | {{partner2.wellRead || '-'}} | {{partner2.selfInterest || '-'}} | {{partner2.home || '-'}} | {{partner2.urbane || '-'}} | {{partner2.intimacy || '-'}} |
{{ dodo.description || 'This DoDo has no description'}}...


My name is Daniel Lee and I recently graduated from the University of California Santa Cruz with a Bachelor of Science in Computer Science. I have taken a variety of classes on a wide range of subjects such as data structures, algorithms, software engineering, database systems, and operating systems.
I have worked primarily with Java and have experience with Android App development, Web Application development using JavaScript, HTML, CSS, Python, Vue.js, and Web2Py, and Database experience using PostgreSQL.
Currently I am reading up on a range of topics including automated testing, Node.js, jQuery, AJAX, blockchain technology, and design patterns. I have done tutorials and practiced on some of these topics such as Node.js and jQuery on websites such as https://www.w3schools.com and automated website testing using Java and Selenium.
Feel free to email me or view my sample work.


--- layout: default title: About ---
"In 2016, a crack commando unit was sent to prison by a military court for a crime they didn't commit. These men promptly escaped from a maximum security stockade to the Annapolis underground. Today, still wanted by the government they survive as soldiers of fortune. If you have a problem, if no one else can help, and if you can find them....maybe you can hire The A-Team."
We are some people who like doing things, and since we were all going to be doing side projects during our free time anyway, we might as well do something worthwhile with them.
We do stuff for the people who do stuff and that's our way of doing our part outside of our day jobs.


$('input#example-1').mlKeyboard({
layout: 'en_US'
});
$('input#example-2').mlKeyboard({
layout: 'ru_RU'
});
$('input#example-3').mlKeyboard({
layout: 'es_ES'
});
jquery.ml-keyboard.min.js
and jquery.ml-keyboard.css
files and add to your project.$('input').mlKeyboard({layout: 'es'});
.The following options are available to pass into ML Keyboard on initialization.
To change behaviour of single input field special data attribute should be added to it's tag name data-mlkeyboard-<option>="value"
where option
is the same attribute like it's described before.
By default plugin goes with all layouts included, but it's possible to customize plugin and left only some layouts as also new layouts can be easy added.
See document in docs folder.


Launchkey MK2
Modes
This controller extension offers 3 modes: PLAY, LAUNCH and DRUM
Select modes with the 3 INCONTROL buttons.
PLAY mode
In this mode the 8 knobs are mapped to remote controls.
The upper 8 drum-pads are used to select remote control parameter pages.
The lower 8 drum-pads are used to select the device within the device chain.
The 9 sliders are mapped to envelope or drawbars.
Track ◂▸ changes the selected track.
Browser
The popup browser can be opened by:
- pressing one of the round ▹ buttons (replacing)
- Selecting an empty device (inserts at the end of the chain)
▴ Select previous item
▾ Select next item
▹ (Red) Cancel
▹ (Green) Commit
LAUNCH mode
In this mode the drum-pads launches clips on a 8 track x 2 scene window
Track ◂▸ and scene ▴▾ buttons are used or navigation and the round ▹ buttons are used to launch the entire scene.
In this mode the 8 knobs are freely mappable independently from the PLAY mode.
Sliders 1-9 are mapped to track volume (9 - master track)
DRUM mode
In this mode the drum-pads act as actual drum pads.
The 8 knobs are mapped to the remote controls of the drum instrument.
Sliders 1-9 are mapped to track volume (9 - master track)
The browser can be used as in the PLAY mode.
Buttons 1-9
Button 1-8 toggles either mute or solo of the 8 active tracks, depending on the state of button 9.


New Resident Vehicle
Resident:
{{user.firstName}} {{user.middleName}} {{user.lastName}}....[{{user.unitDetailsIdFk.wingBuilding}}-{{user.unitDetailsIdFk.flatNumber}}]
Select Resident Details
Available Parking Slots:
{{ par.parkingNumber }}-{{ par.parkingType }}-{{ par.parkingArea }}
{{temp}}
Select Available Parking
Vehicle Number:
Vehicle Number is required
Vehicle Number is not in pattern
Make:
Make is required
Make should be in alphabets
Model:
Model is required
Make should be in alphabets
Type:
{{isType}}
Select type
Insurance Expiry Date:
Insurance Expiry Date is required
Insurance Company:
Insurance Company is required
Sticker Issued:
{{isSticker}}
Sticker issued status is required
Save
Cancel
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| AirborneAgain 8th Jan 2014, 08:23 permalink Post: 1771 |
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| DozyWannabe 9th Jan 2014, 01:07 permalink Post: 1772 |
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| pattern_is_full 25th Jul 2014, 03:35 permalink Post: 1824 |
I just have a problem with studies that try to analyze human activities with reductionist statistics and math. Most of human achievement comes not from the masses (which perhaps can be studied that way) but from the outliers, the screwballs, the few who, through enhanced human cussedness and stubbornness, decide NOT to stay with the obvious, efficient or safe thing.
Concorde was a political animal, heavily subsidized because someone want it to happen, regardless of efficiency.  Columbus and Magellan were subsidized, to head straight out to sea when everyone else was sticking close to the coastlines. Look up the land grants to U.S. trans-continental railroads. Or the Air Mail contracts that supported the fledgling American air transport industry (and if you think "that was then, and this is now," - consider the budget of the FAA and NTSB and TSA, and the military contracts to Boeing and its suppliers.) Cars? Consider how much tax money goes to build and maintain highway systems. And consider the man who stood up in the U.S. Capitol and declared, "I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth." Concorde failed because it lost political support** - just like Apollo and the Space Shuttle. But most of the other aircraft on those charts would also be, or have been, far rarer in the skies (or never appeared) if they lost (or never had) their own political backing and subsidies, direct and indirect. **If the French government had felt it was in France's interest for Concorde to continue, I'm sure money for, and political pressure on, Airbus would have been found to keep her flying. And Concorde also faced substantial political opposition - its market viability would have been much higher if U.S. authorities had been as lenient with its "furrin" sonic booms as they had been with our own home-grown booms ("The Sound of Freedom!", it was called.) Now - Concorde's technology was pushing 40, and no doubt that particular airframe would have faded away, just like the 727 and the other designs from the 1960's. To be replaced with something newer. But the future of supersonic transport in general was cut short not because of some statistical failing, but simply because it no longer shared the same political support as subsonic aviation. |
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| balaton 25th Feb 2016, 13:01 permalink Post: 1931 |
Tiny Items
Hi Dear Guys,
Amazing thread on an amazing aircraft! Red through all the posts. What an immense amount of knowledge/experience on this bird! Your valuable inputs triggerd my curiousity to the extent that I have started to study Concorde manuals trying to understand systems and operating details. Not an easy job! I think a more detailed Traning Manual would help me greatly. Here is my question: Going through the FM exterior inspection chapter I have run into tiny details what are really hard to find even on close-up external photos. Just to name a few: "nose gear free fall dump valve vent", "engine oil tank vent" or "hydraulic-driven fuel transfer pump drain". Was there a "pictorial" external inspection guide available on the Concorde for crew training (similar to Boeing or Airbus training aids)? If yes, could somehow, somebody send me a copy of that? Appreciate your help, Tamas |


I've been trying intermittent fasting for the last 6 months as my latest health experiment. It has had a surprisingly positive impact. I've wanted to find more ways to share the concept with others, so here is my story.
Starting Point
I am always looking to apply experiments to my work in software development. In the same way, I've tried different health and fitness ideas over the years, with some short-term success. My wife and I did a strict Paleo diet for 9 months several years ago. Although we didn't continue eating strictly Paleo, the experience helped shift our diet to more real foods and less carbs.
Since my oldest child was born 2.5 years ago, however, I've found it hard to keep a regular exercise routine going and to keep weight off. Also, I've watched my cholesterol and blood pressure reach the high side of acceptable. I tried simply cutting calories with no success. So I decided it was time to make a change.
Getting Started
Over the last few years, I'd heard about fasting a few times on various podcasts, but I never tried it. It sounded difficult.
After hearing about the app Zero, however, I decided to give fasting a try. I would stop eating at sunset and fast for a minimum of 13 hours. Using the app allowed me to track my progress, get alerts, and see some early results correlated to fasting.
Theory
To learn more about the science behind fasting, I read The Complete Guide to Fasting by Dr. Jason Fung. Dr. Fung specializes in kidney diseases and has focused on how fasting can reverse Type-2 Diabetes. This is a fascinating book that I highly recommend.
A major part of the book is Dr. Fung's explanation of how eating affects your body, particularly related to insulin. Your pancreas produces insulin each time you eat, which then triggers your body to store reserves. This also prevents your body from using fat stores for energy.
Conversely, a high fat, low carb diet combined with fasting allows your body to more easily enter Ketosis, where it burns stored fats for energy.
When we eat frequently, even if only small amounts, our bodies produce insulin which is used for energy instead of fat, thus making it difficult to get rid of fat stores.
Tweaking My Routine
Armed with this knowledge, I started doing 24-hour fasts (dinner of one day to dinner of the next) three times per week.
I expected to be extremely hungry while fasting, but I found that just drinking some water, coffee, or tea when I felt a wave of "hunger" was all that I needed to get back on track. Other than a few such waves, I've found that I actually don't feel that hungry while fasting. As the book explains, "hunger pains" are more related to routine than to our bodies really needing to eat.
Reaping the Benefits
- Weight loss
- Grocery bill savings
- Simplified morning routine
- Energy level
I feel great on fasting days and don't miss any fellowship with my family, as I can eat whatever we are having for dinner. I also save time by not eating breakfast or packing lunch.
Doing calorie reduction diets in the past has left me feeling lethargic all day, but while fasting I feel energized. I have no food coma after lunch, and I have an increased metabolism (BMR).
And while still eating normally (mostly Paleo) and not counting calories at all, I've lost significant weight: 35 pounds in 6 months.
 Fasting seems to be making a comeback, though, and I am glad to see more people learning about this simple strategy to improve health.
After doing it for half a year now, fasting simply makes sense to me. Almost every world religion has a history of fasting, and I can see why, given the benefits. It feels like unlocking a major lifehack that both saves time/money and improves my wellbeing.
This coming year, I'm planning to try some seven-plus day fasts. I would love to hear if you've tried your own fasting experiment!


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--- layout: post title: Episode 080 | Jared Smith - Check Your Fear At the Door link: http://traffic.libsyn.com/developeronfire/DeveloperOnFire-80-JaredSmith.mp3 length: 46137344 speaker: Dave Rael duration: '48:36' subtitle: 'Developer On Fire: Jared Smith' guest_name: Jared Smith image: /assets/images/JaredSmith.jpg guest_blog: http://sublimecoding.com/ guest_twitter: sublimecoder disqus_url: http://developeronfire.com/Podcast/Episodes/jared-smith-check-your-fear-at-the-door episode_number: 80 book_recommendations: - { url: "http://www.amazon.com/dp/020161622X/?tag=devonfir-20", title: "The Pragmatic Programmer: From Journeyman to Master", author: "Andrew Hunt and David Thomas"} tags: - { url: "http://www.amazon.com/dp/020161622X/?tag=devonfir-20", title: "The Pragmatic Programmer: From Journeyman to Master", author: "Andrew Hunt and David Thomas"} redirect_from: - "/80/" - "/080/" - "/0080/" - "/jared-smith-check-your-fear-at-the-door/" - "/Jared-Smith/" - "/JaredSmith/" - "/Podcast/Episodes/80/" - "/Podcast/Episodes/080/" - "/Podcast/Episodes/0080/" - "/Podcast/Episodes/jared-smith-check-your-fear-at-the-door/" - "/Podcast/Episodes/Jared-Smith/" - "/Podcast/Episodes/JaredSmith/" guid: http://developeronfire.com:80/Podcast/Episodes/jared-smith-check-your-fear-at-the-door ---
Jared Smith is a Software Engineer for YCombinator backed One Month, inc. He is passionate about programming and learning all he can about computer science. Everything from DevOps to building awesome software, from how the electrons move through a circuit to how a hard drive writes data.
1. Listen and and actually hear what people want - listen deeply
2. Seek and get feedback
3. Don't be afraid to iterate, don't be afraid to throw away your code and redo it to get the right solution


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API Reference¶
bowienator img_dir [-h] [-scale] [-minNeighbors] [-minSize]
- Summary:
- The Bowienator is a script to detect faces in a photo and draw over them with a David Bowie face.
- Args:
img_dir (str) - A string of the path to the image file you want Bowiefied -h - Displays the help arguments for the script -scale (float) - Used to set the scale of the image pyramid used by opencv -minNeighbors (int) - Determines the minimum number of neighboring rectangles before a candidate rectangle is detected -minSize (ints) - Determines the smallest window the cascade will detect
- Note: the minSize is represented by two integers, which are turned into a tuple
- Returns:
- True, and saves the Bowiefied copy of the picture to the same directory of the img_dir argument
Example:
>>> bowienator example/image -scale 1.2 -minNeighbors 3 -minSize 20 20
True
The image with Bowie drawn over top is saved in the same directory as example_image
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bowienator.
bowie_draw
(imagePath, face_coords, bowie_path)¶ - Summary:
- Draws the Bowie face over every point found by the face_list function
- Args:
- imagePath (str) - A string of the path to the image file you want to draw over face_coords (array) - An array of arrays, each one with the positional and dimensional data for a detected face bowie_path (str) - A string of the path to the image file that will be used to draw on the image
- Returns:
- Saves the image with the drawn-on Bowies, returns True to signal error-free completion
Examples:
Consider the image we detected before, with the two faces. Consider the face data to be stored in the faces variable.
>>> bowie_draw(example_image,faces,path/to/bowie/image) True
The image with Bowie drawn over top is saved in the same directory as example_image
-
bowienator.
face_list
(imagePath, scale_factor, min_neighbors, min_size, cascade_path)¶ - Summary:
- Finds all faces in the provided photograph, returns a list of face data sets
- Args:
- imagePath (str) - A string of the path to the image file you want to read scale_factor (float) - Used to set the scale of the image pyramid used by opencv min_neighbors (integer) - Determines the minimum number of neighboring rectangles before a candidate rectangle is detected min_size (tuple) - Determines the smallest window the cascade will detect cascade_path (str) - contains the path to the cascade used to do face detection
- Returns:
- An array of arrays containing positional and dimensional data for detected faces
Examples:
Let’s suppose there is an image with two faces you want to detect.
>>> face_list(example_image,1.2,3,(20,20),path/to/cascade) [[x1,y1,w1,h1],[x2,y2,w2,h2]]
Where [x1,y1,w1,h1] is an array of the x value, y value, width and height of the first face detected.


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