How many teacups are in an olympic-sized swimming pool?
Obviously, there's no exact answer here since teacups and Olympic-sized swimming pools aren't standardized. However, the number of cups in a rectangular prism of the dimensions 50 meters by 25 meters by 3 meters is .
You are given two arrays, A and B. B contains all the elements of A plus one additional element that is not a member of A. Find the most efficient algorithm to find the differing element.
This is a naive approach and clearly not the most efficient. Iterate over B comparing every element of B to every element of A. A test run of this process on the arrays [4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42] and [42, 16, 8, 23, 15, 2] produces .
Now, we can see that this runs in O(n2) time. A better solution would be to sort the arrays and loop through the larger array, comparing each element to the corresponding element in the other array. Here, the efficiency would depend on the efficiency of the sorting algorithm chosen.


Taskbar placed originally on the top edge cannot be dropped on taskbar originally placed on the bottom, but taskbar from bottom edge can be dropped on taskbar from top edge.


Cella.JS is a JavaScript package that helps you manage data storage within the browser. It basically serves as a basic wrapper around the browser's default local storage APIs in order to provide extra functionality. Cella.JS eliminates the need to write extra code when working with the browser's local storage. It provides features such as:
Table of contents generated with markdown-toc
$ npm install cella.js
$ yarn add cella.js
https://
To clone and build this project locally, run the following commands:
$ git clone https://github.com/IggsGrey/cella.js.git
$ npm i
$ npm run dev
import Cella from 'cella.js';
const Cella = require('cella.js');
Import the library with a script tag and the Cella API shall be made available.
Cella
Usage is unbelievably simple.
import Cella from 'cella.js';
// create an instance of Cella!
const cella = new Cella();
// store an item
cella.store({
key: 'sample-key',
value: ['item1', 'item2', 'item3', 'item4']
});
// void
// retrieve an item
const retrievedItem = cella.get({
key: 'sample-key'
});
console.log(retrievedItem);
// Array ['item1', 'item2', 'item3', 'item4']
// delete an item
cella.eject({
key: 'sample-key',
});
// void
import Cella from 'cella.js'
const mySetData = new Set(['pineapples', 'are', 'great']);
console.log(mySetData);
const cella = new Cella({
encrypt: {
secret: 'my-secret-key' // yup that's it!
},
transforms: [
{
inbound: function(yourSetData) {
// convert set to array
return [...yourSetData];
},
outbound: function(yourConvertedSetData) {
// convert array back to set
return new Set(yourConvertedSetData);
}
},
// ...unlimitedTransforms
]
});
cella.store({
key: 'my-key',
value: mySetData
});
console.log(cella.get({ key: 'my-key' }));
import Cella from 'cella.js';
// create an instance of Cella!
const cella = new Cella({
storage: {
store: (key, value) => {
// code to implement custom storing
},
get: (key) => {
// code to implement custom retrieval
},
eject: (key) => {
// code to implement custom deletion
}
}
});
Properties you can pass to the new Cella class
| Property name | Description | Data type | Required | Default value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| storage | Specify the StorageEngine to use and additional options. NOTE: If you specify a custom database storage engine object, it must implement the StorageEngine interface. | SpecifiedStorageEngine OR StorageEngine |
no | { type: 'localStorage' } |
| encrypt | An object that specifies encryption details including the encryption secret | Record<'secret', string> Eg: { secret: 'some-string' } |
no | - |
| transforms | Array of objects defining function inbound and outbound functions. Useful for modifying data before storing and retrieving. |
TransformObject[] | no | - |
All instances of the in-built storage engines implement this interface, and all custom storage engines must implement this interface as well.
| Property name | Description | Data type | Parameters |
|---|---|---|---|
| store | The function that inserts data into the local database. | Function | StorageItem: { key: string (required)value: string (required)} |
| get | The function that retrieves data from the local database. | Function | RetrievedStorageItem: { key: string (required)} |
| eject | The function that deletes data from the local database. | Function | DeletedStorageItem: { key: string (required)} |
The object parameter properties for each time you call cella.store()
| Property name | Description | Data type | Required | Default value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| key | The key/label that identifies the item in the localstorage. | string | true | - |
| value | The value of the item to be stored. | any | true | - |
| encrypt | Encryption properties for the data to be stored. | { secret: string } | false | null |
The object parameter properties for each time you call cella.get()
| Property name | Description | Data type | Required | Default value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| key | The key/label that identifies the item in the localstorage. | string | true | - |
| decrypt | Decryption properties for the data to be stored. | { secret: string } | false | null |
The object parameter properties for each time you call cella.eject()
| Property name | Description | Data type | Required | Default value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| key | The key/label that identifies the item in the localstorage. | string | true | - |
These properties are valid for the storage object value in the CellaInstance.
| Property name | Description | Data type | Required | Default value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| type | The preferred type of in-built storage. | 'localStorage' | 'indexedDB' | true | 'localStorage' |
| name | The preferred name of the indexedDB storage. | string | required only when type == 'indexedDB' | - |
NOTE: IN-BUILT SUPPORT FOR INDEXEDDB IS NOT YET IMPLEMENTED
These properties are valid for an object value in the transforms array specified in a CellaInstance.
| Property name | Description | Data type | Required | Default value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| inbound | Function that is executed ech time data is being stored. This function is executed before any other changes are made to the data. | yes | - | |
| outbound | Function that is executed ech time data is being retrieved. This function is executed after all other changes have been made to the data. | yes | - |
Want to contribute? Great! I am currently seeking contributors for remaining features including adding in-built support for more DB engines. You can get started by reading the current issues or opening one yourself. Don't forget to read the ethics and conduct code for contributors in the CONTRIBUTING.md You may also contact @IggsGrey on:
This project uses the ISC license and it can be found here: LICENSE
IE / Edge |
Firefox |
Chrome |
Safari |
iOS Safari |
Samsung |
Opera |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 | 3.5 | 4 | 4 | 3.2 | 1.0 | 10.5 |


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Today, I found myself in a horrible situation. I was heading down i-235 and I became stricken with an insatiable burrito urge. All the apps on my phone were borked and all I had was my trusty Postgres database. I needed to find a burritos shop and I needed to find one fast.
Where oh where to begin
Luckily, I happen to know the latitude and longitude of all my favorite burrito places in Oklahoma City. I quickly add them to my database:
--Hello Table!
CREATE TABLE burritoplaces
(id serial PRIMARY KEY,
establishment varchar(50) not null,
lat double precision,
lon double precision);
--Hello Data!
INSERT INTO burritoplaces(establishment, lat,lon)
VALUES ('Verde Bueno Burrito', 35.484388,-97.505035)
,('Locos Lobos', 35.496025,-97.510185)
,('Captain Crustacean', 35.51468,-97.524347)
,('Double Stuffers Cafe', 35.523762,-97.508039)
,('Cafe Truncate of Watonga', 35.866413,-98.473206);
The data checks out:
-- all 5 entries
SELECT * FROM burritoplaces;
Perfect! All my favorite places are there but sadly, I can’t do geospatial math in my head. I can’t even really do it outside of my head so I’m going to have to get some help. Enter the earthdistance postgres extension and its helpful sibling ‘cube’:
--turn on the magic
CREATE EXTENSION cube;
CREATE EXTENSION earthdistance;
I’m becoming so weak… I need to wrap this up. Since I live in one of the four countries in the world that uses the Imperial system of measurement, I need to figure out how to do this whole thing in miles. Skimming over the earthdistance documentation, it looks like I just need to use the point commands. I whip up a query that is as tech tasty as some carne asada:
-- my location on i-235 is a very hungry (35.512363,-97.515678)
SELECT *, point(-97.515678, 35.512363) <@> point(lon, lat)::point AS burrito_distance
FROM burritoplaces
WHERE (point(-97.515678, 35.512363) <@> point(lon, lat)) < 10 --feel free to play this!
ORDER by burrito_distance;
This returns me everything that is less than 10 miles away and orders them by distance. I see that Captain Crustacian is a half mile away and they have amazing guacamole. Thank you Postgres, cube, and earthdistance. You have saved my life once again.
If I lived anywhere else in the world, I would likely use meters and write the query as such:
SELECT *, earth_distance(ll_to_earth(35.512363,-97.515678), ll_to_earth(lat, lon)) as burrito_distance
FROM burritoplaces
WHERE earth_box(ll_to_earth(35.512363,-97.515678), 4000) @> ll_to_earth(lat, lon)
ORDER by burrito_distance;


Read the target browser value from pom configuration (overridable
from jenkins), if "Default" it reads the "Target Browser" cell
value from the configured test data file.
Returns the number of elements that match a certain
elementLocator, and respects the provided
customElementIdentificationTimeout while attempting to locate
those elements. This is multiplied by the provided
retriesBeforeThrowingElementNotFoundException (default value is
10). *Doesn't respect the customElementIdentificationTimeout
parameter*
attaching the log will be handled by the listeners package
instead. Returns the log of the current test, and attaches it in
the end of the test execution report.


Royal School (RS) is a dynamic institution of higher learning, set in a rural milieu of southern Tamil Nadu, with a campus spread of 550 acres. The University was established by the Government of Tamil Nadu as a teaching-cum-affiliating University on 7th September, 1990 to cater to the long-felt needs of the people of the three southern most districts of Tamil Nadu viz., Tirunelveli, Tuticorin, and Kanyakumari.
It is Named after the renowned Tamil Poet scholar, Professor P. Sundaram Pillai (1855-1897), the author of the famous verse drama Manonmaniam. It is his poem that has become “Tamil Thaai Vazhthu” the official invocation song sung in all functions in Tamilnadu.
Royal School (RS) is a dynamic institution of higher learning, set in a rural milieu of southern Tamil Nadu, with a campus spread of 550 acres. The University was established by the Government of Tamil Nadu as a teaching-cum-affiliating University on 7th September, 1990 to cater to the long-felt needs of the people of the three southern most districts of Tamil Nadu viz., Tirunelveli, Tuticorin, and Kanyakumari.
It is Named after the renowned Tamil Poet scholar, Professor P. Sundaram Pillai (1855-1897), the author of the famous verse drama Manonmaniam. It is his poem that has become “Tamil Thaai Vazhthu” the official invocation song sung in all functions in Tamilnadu.
Royal School (RS) is a dynamic institution of higher learning, set in a rural milieu of southern Tamil Nadu, with a campus spread of 550 acres. The University was established by the Government of Tamil Nadu as a teaching-cum-affiliating University on 7th September, 1990 to cater to the long-felt needs of the people of the three southern most districts of Tamil Nadu viz., Tirunelveli, Tuticorin, and Kanyakumari.
It is Named after the renowned Tamil Poet scholar, Professor P. Sundaram Pillai (1855-1897), the author of the famous verse drama Manonmaniam. It is his poem that has become “Tamil Thaai Vazhthu” the official invocation song sung in all functions in Tamilnadu.


Just starting out with emoncms and loving it so far (used to use Dashing.io for it but it's much more hard work!) but I'm now wanting to do a few tweaks and could do with a pointer.
Self-hosted on Ubuntu, using git tree (83b45830ce6c5ccc53591233e27d843241f63d3e).
I'm wanting to increase the decimal places on the jgauge display, for temperature use. Since temperatures for me are below 30oC they all get rounded to whole numbers. Looking at an old forum post I saw this is done in the render js so modifying:
widget/jgauge_jgauge_render.js
Approximately line 93 I see it changes the decimalPlaces variable depending on the values.
I have therefore forced decimal Places to 1 by setting it after the if else conditions to:
decimalPlaces = 1;
However this doesn't appear to be working, no change to the output shown on the dashboard, so firstly, am I in the right place?
And secondly is this the 'right' way of doing it? (I've forked the dashboard repo so I can track/update using my own repo for future)
modifying jgauge for decimal places
Submitted by andyb2000 on Wed, 27/04/2016 - 12:45Hi folks,
Just starting out with emoncms and loving it so far (used to use Dashing.io for it but it's much more hard work!) but I'm now wanting to do a few tweaks and could do with a pointer.
Self-hosted on Ubuntu, using git tree (83b45830ce6c5ccc53591233e27d843241f63d3e).
I'm wanting to increase the decimal places on the jgauge display, for temperature use. Since temperatures for me are below 30oC they all get rounded to whole numbers. Looking at an old forum post I saw this is done in the render js so modifying:
widget/jgauge_jgauge_render.js
Approximately line 93 I see it changes the decimalPlaces variable depending on the values.
I have therefore forced decimal Places to 1 by setting it after the if else conditions to:
decimalPlaces = 1;
However this doesn't appear to be working, no change to the output shown on the dashboard, so firstly, am I in the right place?
And secondly is this the 'right' way of doing it? (I've forked the dashboard repo so I can track/update using my own repo for future)
Thank you!
Andy


Research Paper
Writing up a report, literature review or about your research in psychology is a time consuming process. I am currently working on papers that I started over 7 years ago. While that may not be the norm, it is not uncommon.  Since there are so many different ways we can write about psychology, I'm not providing as much detail here and just referring you to the following guides.
Guide to Writing a Research Report for Psychology
A short guide on writing in psychology from University of Portland
How to Win Acceptances by Psychology Journals: 21 Tips for Better Writing
Tips for publishing in a peer-reviewed journal, but helpful tips for college projects as well
A guide for senior thesis writing at Allegheny College
Detailed guide from former Swarthmore biologist
Detailed (and funny) guide from Florida Psychology professor. Follow the guide all the way through
Writing for psychology: A guide for psychology concentrators (A brief guide to writing the psychology paper)
An extensive guide from Harvard on the entire writing process. (but check out a brief guide for a summary)
Ten simple rules for structuring papers
An extensive guide on the entire writing process. Great for writing research reports!
Adam Ruben helps distinguish science writing from other types of writing.
Kevin Plaxco gives an overview of writing science.
The Scientific Paper Is Obsolete
Slowly scientists realize that the internet exists and papers transformed from paper to online hosting allows more than static content.
The needless complexity of academic writing
Science is full of jargon, a new movement strives for simplicity.
Brown, S.D., Furrow, D., Hill, D.F., Gable, J.C., Porter, L.P., & Jacobs, W.J. (2014). A duty to describe: Better the devil you know than the devil you don't. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9(6), 626-640. DOI: 10.1177/1745691614551749
We developed the Replicability and MetaAnalytic Suitability Inventory (RAMSI) to evaluate the descriptive adequacy of a sample of studies taken from current psychological literature.
How to write a review article.
References
Clayton, V. (2015). The needless complexity of academic writing: A new movement strives for simplicity. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2015/10/complex-academic-writing/412255/
Kording, K.P. & Mensh, B. (2017). Ten simple rules for structuring papers. BioRxiv. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/088278
Plaxco, K.W. (2010). The art of writing science. Protein Science, 19(12), 2261-2266.doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/pro.514
Purrington, C.B. Writing science papers. Retrieved from http://colinpurrington.com/tips/write-ups
Ruben, A. How to write like a scientist. Retrieved from http://www.sciencemag.org/careers/2012/03/how-write-scientist
Schafer, M.S. Writing the research report. Retrieved from http://users.clas.ufl.edu/msscha/psych/research_report.html
Sommers, J. (2018). The scientific paper is obsolete: Here's what's next. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/04/the-scientific-paper-is-obsolete/556676/
Sternberg, R.J. (1993). How to win acceptances by psychology journals: 21 tips for better writing. APS Observer. Washington, DC: Association for Psychological Science.
Department of Psychology Harvard University. Writing for psychology: A guide for psychology concentrators. Retrieved from https://writingproject.fas.harvard.edu/files/hwp/files/writing_for_psych_final_from_printer.pdf?m=1370453577
Harvard College Writing Center. A brief guide to writing the psychology paper. Retrieved from https://www.wesleyan.edu/psyc/about/BG%20Writing%20Psychology.pdf
Guide to Writing a Research Report for Psychology. Retrieved from http://www.up.edu/showimage/show.aspx?file=12086
Writing in psychology. Retrieved from http://sites.allegheny.edu/psych/about-psych/writing-in-psychology-2/


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Get Recommendations


Hello test_user_name !
Your post has been successfully posted on LinkedIn:
test_user_name
Posted on LinkedIn
"foo: bar"
FeedMyFlow team
Hello test_user_name !
Your post has been successfully posted on LinkedIn:
test_user_name
Posted on LinkedIn
"foo: bar"
FeedMyFlow team


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block header %}
For each of the following page, some pieces of evidence will be presented to you. They all are from one single video.  You need to choose one of the three answers:
Be aware that the evidence is generated by different methods. You don't need to know from which method it is generated. The presentation of the evidence can be in either images or snippets. For the snippet type of evidence, please mouseover the snippet to play it. Audio is also available when you play a snippet. Be prepared.
Note that your response time is also recorded. Please do this study EXCLUSIVELY. It is recommended you take a rest only once you finish a whole event. Log out manually. DO NOT hold on the question page if you were to have a break or were interrupted. Log out and log back in in this case to proceed the study.
{% endblock %}


Found trailing ] outside test. Add missing [ or quote if intentional.
if foo -eq bar ]; then true; fi
or
tr -d ]
if [ foo -eq bar ]; then true; fi
or
tr -d ']'
ShellCheck found a non-test command that ends with ]
or ]]
.
If this was intended to be a test expression like in the first example, add the missing [
or [[
.
If the ]
was intended to be literal, like in tr -d ]
, you can quote to make this obvious.
tr -d ]
is valid and not different from tr -d ']'
, so in these cases you can ignore the error instead.


...that was a line.
...and a dotted one
A link: HTML
| r1a | r1b | r1c |
| r2a | CSS | r2c |
bold text
invisible comment text:line break: breaking t
he (rules) line
Sweet, sweet itali(an)c ... food
an image: ... and an image with a link:
text with strong emphasis
Short quotation: Hello World!
Longer quotation block:
The HyperText Markup Language, or HTML is the standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser. It can be assisted by technologies such as Cascading Style Sheets and scripting languages such as JavaScript. Web browsers receive HTML documents from a web server or from local storage and render the documents into multimedia web pages. HTML describes the structure of a web page semantically and originally included cues for the appearance of the document. HTML elements are ...
code:
# Python
print('Hello World! And ... spam, spam, spam, spam ..)


Go to the first, previous, next, last section, table of contents.
In addition to James Craig Burley, who wrote the front end, many people have helped create and improve GNU Fortran.
libf2c
library (combined from the libF77
and
libI77
libraries) provided as part of f2c
, available for
free from netlib
sites on the Internet.
g77
's
public release. This work consisted of testing, researching, sometimes
debugging, and occasionally providing small amounts of code and fixes
for g77
, plus offering plenty of helpful advice to Craig:
INTEGER*1
, INTEGER*2
, and
LOGICAL*1
.
This inspired Craig to add further support,
even though the resulting support
would still be incomplete, because version 0.6 is still
a ways off.
g77
code generation to at least be as good
as f2c
used in conjunction with gcc
.
So far, this has resulted in the three, somewhat
experimental, options added by g77
to the gcc
compiler and its back end.
(These, in turn, have made their way into the egcs
version of the compiler, and do not exist in gcc
version 2.8 or versions of g77
based on that version
of gcc
.)
g77
over the past several years, and undoubtedly more people
will be doing so in the future.
If you have done so, and would like
to see your name listed in the above list, please ask!
The default is that people wish to remain anonymous.
Go to the first, previous, next, last section, table of contents.


COM6012 Scalable Machine Learning
| Summary |
This module will focus on technologies and algorithms that can be applied to data at a very large scale (e.g. population level). From a theoretical perspective it will focus on parallelization of algorithms and algorithmic approaches such as stochastic gradient descent. There will also be a significant practical element to the module that will focus on approaches to deploying scalable ML in practice such as SPARK, FLINK, programming languages such as Scala and deployment on elastic computing structures, cloud computing and/or GPUs. |
| Session |
Spring 2018/19 |
| Credits |
15 |
| Assessment |
Coursework (100%). |
| Lecturer(s) |
Dr Mauricio Alvarez & Dr Haiping Lu |
| Resources |
Unconfirmed practical marks when available |
| Aims |
This unit aims to to provide a deeper understanding of the fundamental technologies underlying data analytics at scale. In particular it will provide advanced understanding of
- advanced understanding of parallelization of algorithms and algorithmic approaches such as stochastic gradient descent
- practical skills relating to the deployment of scalable ML
|
| Objectives |
By the end of the unit, a student will be able to
- understand the theoretical issues and wider context relating to ML at scale
- understand practical parallelization of algorithms and algorithmic approaches using such techniques as stochastic gradient descent;
- deploy a practical implementation of ML at scale, using SPARK, FLINK, and programming languages such as Scala;
- understand the wider context of deployment onto elastic computing structures, cloud computing and/or GPUs.
|
| Content |
Introduction
- Spark overview
- Scala programming
Spark & HPC
- Spark DataFrame/dataset
- Cluster computing
- Machine learning pipeline
Parallelization & optimization in Spark
- Parallelization
- Optimization
Decision trees
Scalable decision trees & applications
Scalable logistic regression & applications
Scalable GLM & applications
Scalable PCA for dimensionality reduction & applications
Scalable KMeans clustering & applications
Scalable matrix factorization for collaborative filtering & applications |
| Teaching Method |
Lectures, laboratory classes. |
| Feedback |
Immediately for exercises in laboratory classes. After each coursework stage through debriefing lecture and individual marking. |
| Recommended Reading |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Spark
https://spark.apache.org/
- Karau et al., "Learning Spark: Lightning-Fast Big Data Analysis", O'Reilly Media, 2015
|
|


SICStus Prolog provides a uniform way of interfacing to Java and .NET clients via the PrologBeans (see lib-prologbeans) interface. This is a loosely coupled interface, which means that the client code runs in a different process from the Prolog code. In fact, the client program and the Prolog program can run on separate machines, since the communication is done via TCP/IP sockets. This design has the following advantages over a tightly coupled interface, where they run in the same process:
The main limitation of the design is that callbacks from Prolog to the client is not provided for.


This church exists to serve the spiritual needs of all those who are searching for answers to the questions that
really matter: "Who am I?" "Why am I here?" "What will happen after I die?" We don't have all the answers for
troubling and difficult things that happen in life, but we believe that the Bible explains everything we need
to know to get to heaven.
We will be happy to talk to you, study with you from the Bible or assist you in any
way as you seek to learn more about God and bring your life into harmony with His will. Please don't hesitate to
call on us or visit with us.
We believe that the Bible is the inspired Word of God, revealed directly from heaven to the writers and preserved intact through the centuries (2 Timothy 3:16-17). We believe the Bible does not offer mere suggestions, nor is it outdated and irrelevant to the needs of modern society, but is timeless and applicable to all men.
"They said, 'Believe in the Lord Jesus, and you will be saved, you and your household.'" - Acts 16:31 (NASB)
"Therefore repent and return, so that your sins may be wiped away, in order that times of refreshing may come from the presence of the Lord." - Acts 3:19 (NASB)
"that if you confess with your mouth Jesus as Lord, and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved; for with the heart a person believes, resulting in righteousness, and with the mouth he confesses, resulting in salvation." - Romans 10:9-10 (NASB)
"Peter said to them, 'Repent, and each of you be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins; and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.'" - Acts 2:38 (NASB)
"Do not fear what you are about to suffer. Behold, the devil is about to cast some of you into prison, so that you will be tested, and you will have tribulation for ten days. Be faithful until death, and I will give you the crown of life" - Revelation 2:10 (NASB)


About Me
29 years old. San Francisco born and raised. Milk tea is the greatest innovation in the past century.
Studied at UCD and CCSF. Previously employed at SFO under Asiana.
Html and CSS are fun. Very difficult, but fun. My hobbies include swimming, biking, and coding now I suppose. Dota and reddit enthusiast. You should follow my social media. You can find the links on the right. There's not much content there at the moment, but there will be in the future! To contact me, don't hit the Contact link at the top of the page. That doesn't work either yet.


Sylvanian Families Dale Sheep Family of Four
The Dale Sheep run the Sylvanian orchards. They have a rustic quality that makes them extra lovable!
UK Biography Information
Father Ewan Dale is in charge of the Sylvanian orchards, keeping the grass short and the place tidy. He is very proud of his Victoria plums and crisp, crunchy Cox's pippins but has no time at all for most of the modern varieties.
Mother Barbara Dale is the real family expert on fruit trees of every kind. Her busiest times are late autumn and early spring, when she is in the orchard, pruning and re-shaping all the fruit trees and checking for any problems, very late into the evening.
Brother Winton Dale loves helping his mother and father in the orchard. His favourite job is looking after the bonfire but before he can do this, he has to rake up all the fallen leaves and twigs which he finds a bit boring and doesn't particularly enjoy. However, he is always very thorough, as he knows that the more he collects, the bigger the bonfire will be!
Sister Iona Dale has been given the very important job of collecting and sorting all the different types of fruit. She much prefers this part-time job than going to school, because she can chew to her heart's content, without any teacher telling her that it is not allowed!


Scott Nelson
Scott enjoys dissecting a problem to its core and finding the simplest solution. Coupled with a creative desire, he has embraced software development as an outlet for these impulses. He hopes to reach and empower others through the technology that he helps build.
Scott received a B.S. from McGill University in Mathematics and Computer Science. Since graduating, he has had the privilege of working on a variety of teams and projects focused primarily around building web and mobile applications. He was drawn to CoLab by the collaborative spirit that runs in our DNA and our emphasis on working with socially responsible organizations.
When he is not working in code, Scott enjoys playing music and spending time outdoors. He has been playing music in various bands for the past decade and, as an avid outdoorsman, he can often be found in the woods- hiking, biking, camping, or skiing.


This class provides the camera sensor service.
More...
#include <camera_service.hpp>
|
| | CameraService (uint32_t cam_sleep, bool skip_go) |
| | Constructor for the CameraService class. More...
|
| |
| bool | init () |
| | Initializer for a CameraService app/instance. More...
|
| |
|
void | start () |
| | Starts the application by registering it to the vsomeip runtime environment.
|
| |
|
void | stop () |
| | Stops the application by joining all threads and deregistering from the vsomeip RTE.
|
| |
|
bool | is_running () |
| | Getter so external entities can read the run_ member.
|
| |
|
| void | run_cam () |
| | This method is the method run by pub_cam_thread_. More...
|
| |
| void | on_shutdown (const std::shared_ptr< vsomeip::message > &msg) |
| | Function that is called when a message with SHUTDOWN_METHOD_ID arrives. More...
|
| |
| void | on_go_availability (vsomeip::service_t serv, vsomeip::instance_t inst, bool go) |
| | Function that is called when the availability of the go-service changes. More...
|
| |
| void | on_state (vsomeip::state_type_e state) |
| | Function that is called when the registration state of the application changes. More...
|
| |
|
| bool | run_ |
| | Main on/off switch for application. More...
|
| |
| bool | go_ |
| | Pause switch for all threads. More...
|
| |
| bool | skip_go_ |
| | Disables pause switch (go_) for all threads. More...
|
| |
|
uint32_t | pub_cam_sleep_ |
| | Time (in milliseconds) that the speed publisher thread will sleep between cycles.
|
| |
| std::thread | pub_cam_thread_ |
| | The thread object for the function run_cam. More...
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| |
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std::mutex | mu_run_ |
| | Mutex for synchronizing the start of all threads.
|
| |
|
std::condition_variable | cond_run_ |
| | Condition variable for synchronizing the start of all threads.
|
| |
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std::shared_ptr< vsomeip::application > | app_ |
| | VSOMEIP app that provides the camera service.
|
| |
|
std::shared_ptr< vsomeip::payload > | payload_ |
| | Payload that is used for the VSOMEIP packets.
|
| |
This class provides the camera sensor service.
The camera service publishes (notifies) basic image features at a set interval. Another vsomeip application may subscribe to this sevice to get regular camera updates.
- Author
- Leon Fernandez
◆ CameraService()
| CameraService::CameraService |
( |
uint32_t |
cam_sleep, |
|
|
bool |
skip_go |
|
) |
| |
Constructor for the CameraService class.
- Parameters
-
| cam_sleep | Time (in millisec) that the camera notifier thread will sleep during each cycle. |
| skip_go | Allows threads to ignore the value go_. Only for testing purposes! |
◆ init()
| bool CameraService::init |
( |
| ) |
|
◆ on_go_availability()
| void CameraService::on_go_availability |
( |
vsomeip::service_t |
serv, |
|
|
vsomeip::instance_t |
inst, |
|
|
bool |
go |
|
) |
| |
|
private |
Function that is called when the availability of the go-service changes.
- Parameters
-
| serv | ID of the service, should always be ==GO_SERVICE_ID |
| inst | ID of the specific service instance, should always be ==GO_INSTANCE_ID |
| go | True if the service is available, false otherwise |
The go-service is a service made available by the central node (bbb-car-controller) when that node has a preset number of services (ie when it has discovered all actuators). The availability of the go-service basically works as a pause/play switch for this class.
◆ on_shutdown()
| void CameraService::on_shutdown |
( |
const std::shared_ptr< vsomeip::message > & |
msg | ) |
|
|
private |
Function that is called when a message with SHUTDOWN_METHOD_ID arrives.
- Parameters
-
| msg | vsomeip message with SHUTDOWN_METHOD_ID |
Shuts down the application and the entire program by calling stop.
◆ on_state()
| void CameraService::on_state |
( |
vsomeip::state_type_e |
state | ) |
|
|
private |
Function that is called when the registration state of the application changes.
- Parameters
-
| state | The incoming state that the application has within the vsomeip runtime. |
Upon succesful registration within the vsomeip runtime it offers the speed and motor services (makes them available) and requests association with the go-server and with the distance server.
◆ run_cam()
| void CameraService::run_cam |
( |
| ) |
|
|
private |
This method is the method run by pub_cam_thread_.
It basically waits for the initialization to complete then enters an eternal loop. If the go-service is unavailable it spins around doing nothing. If the go-service is available it publishes data representing some basic image features and then goes to sleep for a set amount of time.
◆ go_
Pause switch for all threads.
All threads will just loop in one place without doing anything if set to false. Set to true when a remote server (the go-server) comes online. Set to false if the go-server goes offline or if stop is called. Initial value is set to false.
◆ pub_cam_thread_
| std::thread CameraService::pub_cam_thread_ |
|
private |
The thread object for the function run_cam.
Thread that is instatiated inside init. Continuously reads a camera image feature then publishes it for all subscribers to see. Sleeps for pub_cam_sleep_ milliseconds between cycles.
◆ run_
Main on/off switch for application.
Set to true when initialization is succesfully completed. Set to false when stop is called, causing all threads to run to completion so they can be joined.
◆ skip_go_
| bool CameraService::skip_go_ |
|
private |
Disables pause switch (go_) for all threads.
Can only be set by passing an argument at the cmd line when starting the program.
The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:


The Pink Fairy Book
by Andrew Lang
This book is a collection of traditional tales. The collection was assembled by Scottish folklorist Andrew Lang although authorship of the stories is unknown. Lang published several collections of traditional tales, collectively known as Andrew Lang's Fairy Books.
Source: Lang, A. (Ed.). (1897). The Pink Fairy Book. London: Longmans, Green & Co.
- Catherine and Her Destiny
- Catherine is living a happy life, until one day her Destiny steps in and asks a fateful question. Things change for Catherine, and she finds herself wandering the world, always looking for a new place to work. After some time has passed, her life is not so bad, but not so good either. She and her lady come up with a plan to try to appease her Destiny. A ball of silk is the offer made, and Catherine finds just how important a ball of silk can be.
- The Cunning Shoemaker
- A shoemaker sets out to earn money in another town. He is successful, but meets with a band of robbers who wish to take all he has earned. He devises a trick to prevent the robbers from getting the better of him. The robbers soon realize that they have been deceived, and seek out the shoemaker for revenge. He again outwits them, and so it goes on.
- The Flying Trunk
- A merchant’s son spends his inheritance frivolously. He is lucky enough to get a present from a friend - a flying trunk. He uses the trunk to meet a princess, and to try to impress her. He tells the sultan and sultana a story, which pleases them. He puts on a fireworks display to impress all the people, but doesn’t consider the consequences.
- The Goblin and the Grocer
- A goblin is bound to a grocer because of the jam and butter that the grocer provides. However, the goblin discovers a new world in the book belonging to the student. An emergency makes the goblin realize what is important to him.
- Hans, the Mermaid’s Son
- A hard-working man disappears at sea for several days. Upon his return others notice the wonderful advantages he has, and the news spreads that he was with a mermaid. One day a boy arrives: it is the mermaid’s son.The boy is miraculous. He is bigger and stronger than any others. He leaves his father to earn his way in the world. He meets with a squire and agrees to do the work of twelve men for the food of twelve men. However, the squire soon wishes this man gone, and tries to find a way to be rid of him.
- The House in the Wood
- A father asks for his daughters to bring him lunch in the woods, but the birds eat up the trails he has left. The daughters each in turn find a small house with a little old man and three beasts. There they are tested.
- How the Dragon was Tricked
- A young man is betrayed by his jealous older brother and left in the forest. He uses trickery to get out of his trouble, and still more trickery in order to make his way in life. When the king hears of his reputation he is called to the castle and given three tasks to complete.
- How the Hermit Helped to Win the King’s Daughter
- A king advertises that he will wed his daughter to one who can make a ship that will float on both land and sea. Three brothers each have their hand at building such a ship, but the kindness of the youngest allows him success, as he befriends a holy hermit.The group journeys to the kingdom, picking up friends along the way. Unfortunately, the king changes the rules when they arrive, but the man's new friends help him to meet the king’s demands.
- I Know what I Have Learned
- A man decides to visit each of his three daughters, who are married to trolls. On each visit he sees the trolls perform marvelous tasks, then returns home with money. Additionally, on each trip he loses the money because of his own ignorance. He sets out to prove to his wife the lessons he has learned.
- The King who Would Have a Beautiful Wife
- A king decides he must marry the most beautiful woman and sends his servant to find her. He is somewhat deceived, and is angry when he makes this discovery. His new wife is spotted by four fairies, who make some changes in her. At this, the king wonders at the mistake he has made. The woman’s sister makes her way to the palace, and is jealous of her sister’s new situation. She sets out to make some changes in herself.
- Peter Bull
- An older couple wishes that they had an heir. They have a bull calf that they adore, named Peter. They devise a plan to teach Peter to talk so that he may become their heir. They ask the clerk to help them in their endeavours. After a large investment, they are disappointed that they still have not seen Peter or evidence of his improvement. The clerk arrives to explain what has happened, and the man sets off in search of his “son.” All ends happily for everyone involved.
- The Princess in the Chest
- A king is determined to have a child, so his queen sees an old woman who helps her to bear a child through enchantment. There are limitations—the king and queen cannot see their child until she is fourteen. The king decides to break this rule of the contract, and the princess dies. He is then forced to put her body in the church with a sentinel standing guard. However, finding a sentinel starts to become a challenge when those who volunteer disappear. A young smith who wishes to show his bravery is the first to last the night, and his drunken bravery earns him rewards.
- The Snow-Man
- A snow-man learns about the world and his future from the yard dog.
- Snowflake
- A man and woman wish for a child.  They treat the child, Snowflake, as their own and shower her with love and affection. Unfortunately the arrival of spring brings changes that cause unhappiness.
- The Water of Life
- Three brothers and one sister work hard to build a palace. They are happy until a visitor tells them what their palace is missing. Each sets out in turn to bring back the water of life, the tree of beauty, and the talking bird. Unfortunately each of the brothers is unsuccessful, and all seems lost until the sister manages to make her way to the mountaintop.
- Year Published: 1897
- Language: English
- Country of Origin: England
-
Readability:
- Flesch–Kincaid Level: 4.0
- Word Count: 32,382
- Genre: Fairy Tale/Folk Tale
- Keywords: adventure, aspirations, beauty, betrayal, bravery, deceit, destiny, discovery, enchantment, envy, family, friendship, greed, hope, jealousy, journey, kindness, knowledge, loneliness, love, manipulation, perseverance, regret, reward, trickery, wisdom


Reading Well have brought out a new list of uplifting titles for young people. The books were suggested by Reading Hack groups, young library volunteers and visitors to the Southbank’s 2016 YA Weekender, with the final list being decided by young people from Shoreditch Library.
The Art of Being Normal, by Lisa Williamson
“David is funny and quirky and has always felt different from other people - but he also has a huge secret that only his two best friends know. Ever since he can remember, he has felt like a girl trapped in the body of a boy.”
More Than This, by Patrick Ness
“A boy called Seth drowns, desperate and alone in his final moments, losing his life as the pounding sea claims him. But then he wakes. How is that possible? And where is this place? It looks like the suburban English town where he lived as a child, before an unthinkable tragedy happened and his family moved to America. But the neighbourhood around his old house is overgrown, covered in dust and completely abandoned. What’s going on?”
Wonder, by R. J. Palacio
“Wonder is the funny, sweet and incredibly moving story of Auggie Pullman. Born with a terrible facial abnormality, this shy, bright ten-year-old has been home-schooled by his parents for his whole life, in an attempt to protect him from the stares and cruelty of the outside world.”
Finding Cherokee Brown, by Siobhan Curham
“When I decided to write a book about my life I thought I’d have to make loads of stuff up. I mean, who wants to read about someone like me? But as soon as I started writing, the weirdest thing happened. I found out I wasn’t who I thought I was. And I stopped being scared. Best of all, I discovered that when you finally decide to be brave it’s like waving a wand over your life - the most magical things can happen.”
The Rest Of Us Just Live Here, by Patrick Ness
“This bold, irreverent novel powerfully asks what if you weren’t the ‘chosen one’? The one who’s supposed to fight the zombies, or the soul-eating ghosts, or whatever this new thing is, with the blue lights and the death? What if you were like Mikey? Who just wants to graduate and go to prom and maybe finally work up the courage to ask Henna out before someone goes and blows up his high school. Again. Because sometimes there are problems bigger than this week’s end of the world and sometimes you just have to find the extraordinary in your ordinary life. Even if your best friend might just be the God of mountain lions!”
We Should All Be Feminists, by Chimamanda Adichie Ngozi
“What does ‘feminism’ mean today? That is the question at the heart of this personal, eloquently-argued essay by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, the award-winning author of Americanah and Half of a Yellow Sun.”
Eleanor & Park, by Rainbow Rowell
“Eleanor is the new girl in town, and with her chaotic family life, her mismatched clothes and unruly red hair, she couldn’t stick out more if she tried. Park is the boy at the back of the bus. Black T-shirts, headphones, head in a book - he thinks he’s made himself invisible. But not to Eleanor. Slowly, steadily, through late-night conversations and an ever-growing stack of mix tapes, Eleanor and Park fall for each other.
I Capture The Castle, by Dodie Smith
“This is the journal of Cassandra Mortmain. First, there is her eccentric father. Then there is her sister, Rose - and her stepmother, Topaz. Finally, there is Stephen, who is in love with Cassandra. Cassandra records her feelings on all of them.”
Aristotle and Dante Discover the Secrets of the Universe, by Benjamin Alire Sa’enz
“Aristotle is an angry teen with a brother in prison. Dante is a know-it-all who has an unusual way of looking at the world. When they meet at the swimming pool, they seem to have nothing in common. But as the two loners start spending time together, they discover that they share a special kind of friendship - the kind of friendship that changes lives and lasts a lifetime. And it is through their friendship that Ari and Dante will learn the most important truths about themselves - and about the kind of people they want to be.”
Crongton Knights, by Alex Wheatle
“Living on the South Crongton council estate has its worries - and life for McKay has been even tougher since his mum died. His dad has been working all hours to keep the bailiffs from their door. His brother is always out riding the streets at night, tempting trouble.  Poor McKay. He never asked for trouble. But during one madcap night of adventure and danger, he will find out who his true friends are and what it means to stick with your family.”
Am I Normal Yet?, by Holly Bourne
“Evie, Amber and Lottie: three girls facing down tough issues with the combined powers of friendship, feminism and cheesy snacks. Both hilarious and heart-rending, this is Evie’s no-holds-barred story of struggling to live a ‘normal’ teen life in the grip of OCD.”
This One Summer, by Jillian and Mariko Tamaki
“Every summer, Rose goes with her mum and dad to a lake house in Awago Beach. It’s their getaway, their refuge. Rosie’s friend Windy is always there, too, like the little sister she never had. But this summer is different. Rose’s mum and dad won’t stop fighting, and when Rose and Windy seek a distraction from the drama, they find themselves with a whole new set of problems. It’s a summer of secrets and sorrow and growing up, and it’s a good thing Rose and Windy have each other.”
Matilda, by Roald Dahl
“Matilda’s parents have called her some terrible things.  Find out how she gets the better of them and her spiteful headmistress, as well as discovering that she has a very special power.”
Milk and Honey, by Rupi Kaur
“This is a collection of poetry and prose about survival. About the experience of violence, abuse, love, loss, and femininity. The book is divided into four chapters, and each chapter serves a different purpose; deals with a different pain; heals a different heartache.”
JK Rowling’s Harry Potter series
Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone
“Harry Potter lives in a cupboard under the stairs at his Aunt and Uncle’s house.  But then Harry is transported to a world of magic and excitement.”
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
“Harry Potter is in his second year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, and this year promises to be just as eventful as the last.”
Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
“Harry Potter, along with his best friends, Ron and Hermione, is about to start his third year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. Harry can’t wait to get back to school after the summer holidays. But when Harry gets to Hogwarts, the atmosphere is tense. There’s an escaped mass murderer on the loose.”
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
“This novel by J.K. Rowling continues the further adventures of boy wizard Harry and his friends. Harry is due to start his fifth year at Hogwarts School, and what he is about to discover will turn his world upside down.”
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
“This novel takes up the story of Harry Potter’s sixth year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry as Voldemort’s power and followers are increasing day by day, in the midst of the battle of good and evil.”
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
“Harry has been burdened with a dark, dangerous and seemingly impossible task - that of locating and destroying Voldemort’s remaining Horcruxes. Harry must find the strength within himself to complete the tasks he has been given, leaving the warmth of The Burrow and following the inexorable path that has been laid out for him.”
Chris Bradford’s Bodyguard series
Hostage
“In a dangerous world, everyone needs protection. No one suspects that a teenager could protect someone - by Connor Reeves is no ordinary 14-year-old. He’s a bodyguard, a martial arts expert trained in surveillance, hostage survival and unarmed combat. When he’s summoned to protect the President’s daughter, his skills face the ultimate test. Alicia doesn’t want to be guarded. She just wants to have fun. With no clue that Connor is her bodyguard, she tries to escape the Secret Service and lead him astray. But unknown to her and Connor a terrorist sleeper cell has been activated. Its mission: to take the President’s daughter hostage.”
Ransom
“Now Connor Reeves is on board the mega-yacht of a media mogul. His job: to protect the twin daughters of this wealthy man. His challenge: pirates storm the yacht and Connor is in very stormy waters…”
Ambush
“Teenage martial arts expert Connor Reeves is tasked with protecting a foreign ambassador’s family on safari.  Fleeing through the bush, Connor and his assigned family become the prey in a shoot-to-kill hunt across the African plains. As they fight for their survival, Connor realizes the gunmen are the least of their problems. For no amount of bodyguard training can prepare him for the wilds of Africa and one prowling hungry leopard.”
Target
“Ash Wild is the most successful teen rockstar in history. Millions of fans adore him, but one fanatic wants him dead. Surf champion and top bodyguard recruit Charley Hunter is assigned to protect the superstar on his sell-out US tour. But Ash isn’t pleased to discover his new bodyguard is a girl! Faced with a growing number of death threats, several suspicious accidents and an unruly rockstar, Charley has her work cut out keeping Ash alive. How will she spot a killer in a crowd of 50,000 screaming fans?”


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 She took the selfie in a luxurious bathroom, as she held the phone with her left hand. The bikini top featured a simple cut and thin straps, along with a strip of sheer paneling with black polka dots. The bikini bottoms matched, with the same sheer panel on the waist. It appeared to be a thong-cut ensemble.
The reality TV star stood up and leaned into her right leg, while propping out her left foot. Her arm fell to the side of her body, and she glanced at her phone. Larsa pursed her light pink lips for the shot and rocked dark eyeliner. She appeared to wear a hint of color on her lids. She also brushed her hair — worn with a middle part — back behind her shoulders. She didn’t wear any visible accessories, although her light manicure popped in the shot.
Behind the stunner was a tall walk-in shower with glass doors.
Thanks to the zoomed out nature of the photo, Larsa’s bikini bod was on full display, including her cleavage and midriff. The side of her bare booty could also be seen.
Fans sent their love to the bombshell in the comments section.
“Crushing on you,” gushed a follower.
“Absolutely The Baddest Woman on The Planet,” raved an admirer.
“Thats a swimsuit? I thought that was just lingerie,” expressed a fan, with others echoing the same thought.
It was likely the sheer paneling that made people believe the ensemble was lingerie instead of a swimsuit. However, there’s not much question about it since Larsa tagged the swimsuit brand in the caption.
Loading...
“You are a true inspiration to all women @larsapippen because you make us want to have a body like yours and work for that,” wrote a fourth Instagram user.
In addition, earlier this month, Larsa posted another bikini pic on Instagram. This time, she was seen posing outdoors in a different black ensemble.  The bombshell stood with her right leg crossed in front, and she rocked dark sunglasses. Her neon orange manicure and pedicure popped in the photo, with palm trees visible in the background.


contact: e l m at m i t dot e d u
I'm a graduate student in MIT's Brain and Cognitive Sciences department. I work in Michale Fee's lab, studying how zebra finches learn to sing. How does the brain learn complex behaviors? Does it break them into simpler pieces? How are goals represented, and translated into actions that produce those goals? Songbirds learn to imitate the songs of tutors they heard as juveniles. From unstructured babbling, repeatable syllables emerge. My work focuses on how the brain of a young bird learns to produce each new syllable. My neural recordings and modeling work suggest a simple mechanism by which timing learned in one domain (listening to a tutor) could be transferred to support learning in a new domain (singing).
TS Okubo, EL Mackevicius, HL Payne, GF Lynch, and MS Fee. Growth and splitting of neural sequences in songbird vocal development. Nature (in press, 2015). Modeling code available here.
TS Okubo, EL Mackevicius, and MS Fee. In vivo recording of single-unit activity during singing in zebra finches. Cold Spring Harbor Protocols, October 23, 2014. 2014(12):1273-83.
EL Mackevicius, MD Best, HP Saal, and SJ Bensmaia. Millisecond precision spike timing shapes tactile perception. Journal of Neuroscience, October 31, 2012. 32(44):15309-15317.
Computational neuroscience is a fascinating and expanding subject. Over the past few years, I've been involved in teaching several computational neuroscience courses, including designing new curricula. Links to relevant materials (and websites for a couple of my other favorite courses) are below:
I founded a series of tutorials on computational topics related to brain and cognitive sciences, including Bayesian methods, learning in recurrent netorks, learning in deep networks, and decoding. References and exercises are posted here. Videos of the tutorials are here.
Methods in Computational Neuroscience, a summer course at Woods Hole which I TAed 2013-2015, has materials here.The Center for Brains, Minds and Machines summer course at Woods Hole has materials here, including my lecture on Learning from a Computational Neuroscience Perspective.
Intro to Neural Computation (9.40), a course I TAed in 2015 and 2014 (its first year as a requirement for all Brain and Cognitive Sciences undergrads at MIT).
Statistical learning theory and applications (taught by Tomaso Poggio) has helpful slides and lecture notes on the theory and algorithms involved in machine learning on its website.
How to make (almost) anything's website provides detailed practical advice on making (almost) anything (course taught by Neil Gershenfeld). It's also fun just to look through what people made each week. Here's my page documenting each of my weekly projects.
I've made several videos as part of MIT-K12 video outreach project, and their partnership with Khan Academy:
Squid skin with a mind of its own
2D equilibrium -- balancing games equilibrium
The math behind circular motion
I'm featured in this video from WBUR's Brain Matters series talking about songbird research: Video of my lecture for the CBMM summer course:Learning from a Computational Neuroscience Perspective


Tech Talk Tuesday
July 17th, 2018
/active
/away
/dnd [timeframe]
/status clear
or /status [:emoji:][status message]
/notes help
/remind [me or @someone or #channel] [what] [when]
/shortcuts
or /keys
/collapse
, undo with /expand
/poll


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Simplify \sqrt{NUM}
.
The number NUM
has no perfect-square factors, so \sqrt{NUM}
is already the simplest form.
Simplify \sqrt{NUM}
.
The number NUM
is a perfect square, so \sqrt{NUM} = COEFFICIENT
.
Simplify \sqrt{NUM}
.
The largest perfect square that divides NUM
is COEFFICIENT * COEFFICIENT
.
Factoring it out, we have NUM = COEFFICIENT^2 \cdot RADICAL
.
Thus, \sqrt{NUM} = COEFFICIENT\sqrt{RADICAL}
.


DIE HARD WITH A VENGEANCE A film review by Christopher Null Copyright 1995 Christopher Null
DIE HARD. This time, it's personal.
To make the long and extremely silly plotline of DIE HARD WITH A VENGEANCE short, it breaks down like this. John McClane (Bruce Willis) is back in New York City where he's separated from his wife. The brother of Hans Gruber, from the original DIE HARD, is out to get McClane and make some cash for himself in the process, bringing a pack of East German stooges with him to cause trouble. Add to this the character Zeus (Samuel L. Jackson), a Harlem shop owner, who becomes McClane's unlikely sidekick, and a whole lotta bombs exploding all over the city, and what do you get? Well, I still haven't figured that out.
I was a big fan of the original DIE HARD and had high expectations for this third entry into the series. Unfortunately, the only real similarity to the former (besides the main character and a bunch of explosions) are the jokes, which the creators felt were so good the first time around that they'd go ahead and use them again. Even worse, they borrow material from PULP FICTION when the original jokes have run out. I guess it was supposed to be clever, but it reeks of unoriginality.
The point of an action thriller like this is that it's supposed to be exciting and keep you on the edge of your seat.  Most of the time it's boring because the story is almost pure nonsense. Seriously, is no one going to catch on that Jeremy Irons (as Simon Gruber) and his thugs are *not* from around here? And what's with Simon's fetish for ancient brain teasers to keep McClane running around, searching for bombs? Unfortunately, I don't have the answers to these questions, and the bottom line is that the plot just doesn't gel. Wait until you see how ridiculous it is when they find the bad guys' hideout at the end.
Not to be completely scathing, there are a few good points. Jackson is excellent in his role, and he is solely responsible for redeeming this film from the one-star basement. (Surprisingly, every other character is completely one-dimensional, and even Willis looks tired.) Oh, and the explosions are pretty cool. The time goes by fairly quickly, so you never feel stuck in one of those endless movies, but all in all, by the time you leave, you certainly won't be screaming for DIE HARDER WITH A VENGEANCE.
RATING: **1/2
|* Unquestionably awful | |** Sub-par on many levels | |*** Average quality, hits and misses | |**** Good, memorable film | |***** Perfection |
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
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Meet Joe Black (1998)
Cast: Brad Pitt, Anthony Hopkins, Claire Forlani, Jeffrey Tambor Director: Martin Brest Screenplay: Ron Osborn & Jeff Reno and Kevin Wade and Bo Goldman 179 minutes Rated PG-13
Review by Donlee Brussel
In case you didn't know by now, "Meet Joe Black" is a remake (rip off) of the the 1934 film "Death Takes A Holiday." There are a couple of differences between the two. One, which is mentioned by most critics and people, is that "Meet Joe Black" is unduly extended at 2 hours and 59 min. With their 3 hours of film, I got to listen and watch insipid, prosaic dialogue and situations involving lamb sandwiches, peanut butter, and party arrangements. I got to hear banal one-liners come out of the characters that seemed to be from the last Pauly Shore movie's cutting floor.
The other thing "Black" had that wasn't used to its advantage was a $95 million budget that was wasted on... Hell, I don't think anyone knows. Maybe it was on the 8 writers who gave this film six sub-plots. Maybe it was on the CGI of all the actors and actresses besides Anthony Hopkins in the film (There's no way real people are that cardboard).
Don't interpret this as me saying this film has no saving graces. Anthony Hopkins gives a respectable performance here, and as always, Martin Brest directs a few good scenes in `Meet Joe Black.' However, the only real thing that could've saved this movie is spending more time in the editing room. Avoid this and go see the 1934 original that's much better than what I saw.
- Copyright 1999 by Donlee Brussel
Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/ Before you buy.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Pig-Dice
Player 1:
Player 2:
Play
Player 1:
Roll
Hold
Dice Roll:
Round 1:
Players Score:
Player 2:
Roll
Hold
Dice Roll:
Round 1:
Players Score:


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Variables Dialog
This dialog shows all variables (attributes and resources) in the current scenario. The “statistics” of entities and factions are expressed as a collection of variable values.
- The Category box allows you to select a variable category.
- Choose Attribute (Alt+A) to show all attributes.
- Choose Resource (Alt+R) to show all resources.
- The Variable List shows all variables in the selected category.
- Left-click on an entry to select it. The remaining dialog controls reflect the selected entry.
- Next to this list appears a description of the selected variable, or a notice if the scenario does not define any variables of the selected category.
- Target Range
- Resource Options
- Choose OK or press Enter or Escape to dismiss the dialog. Closing the window using X (Close) or Alt+F4 has the same effect.
- Choose Help or press F1 to show this help page.
Remarks
Hexkit Editor defines a third variable category, Counter. Variables of this category are intended only for internal use by the rule script, and therefore do not appear in the Hexkit Game GUI.
This box shows the result range and step size for the selected variable.
- Minimum shows the smallest possible result for calculations based on the selected variable.
- Maximum shows the greatest possible result for calculations based on the selected variable.
- Step Size shows the minimum amount by which the selected variable can increase or decrease. This value is either one or a fractional value.
Remarks
A variable’s target range is not the same as the legal range for variable values. For example, a “Defense” attribute might have a minimum value of one but terrains could still define a negative defense value. This would reduce an occupying unit’s defense, but not below one (the minimum value).
This box shows additional options for resources. It is disabled for attributes. Limit only affects entity resources while the other settings only affect faction resources.
- Defeat shows the defeat threshold for the selected faction resource. A faction will lose the game if its stockpile falls to or below this value. A dash is shown for resources without a defeat condition.
- Victory shows the victory threshold for the selected faction resource. A faction will win the game if its stockpile rises to or above this value. A dash is shown for resources without a victory condition.
- Reset shows whether faction resources of the selected type are reset to their initial values before adding modifiers. Such resources are recalculated for all factions at the beginning and end of each turn.
- Limit shows whether entity resources of the selected type are limited to their initial values, instead of the Maximum value.
Remarks
The initial value used by the Reset and Limit options is the resource value defined by the scenario for the faction or entity in question. If no scenario value is defined, the initial value is the first resource value defined by the rule script.


To the extent possible under law, the editors have waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this work.
WTF-8 (Wobbly Transformation Format − 8-bit) is a superset of UTF-8 that encodes surrogate code points if they are not in a pair. It represents, in a way compatible with UTF-8, text from systems such as JavaScript and Windows that use UTF-16 internally but don’t enforce the well-formedness invariant that surrogates must be paired.
WTF-8 is a hack intended to be used internally in self-contained systems with components that need to support potentially ill-formed UTF-16 for legacy reasons.
Any WTF-8 data must be converted to a Unicode encoding at the system’s boundary before being emitted. UTF-8 is recommended. WTF-8 must not be used to represent text in a file format or for transmission over the Internet.
In particular, the Encoding Standard [ENCODING] defines UTF-8 and other encodings for the Web. There is no and will not be any encoding label [ENCODING] or IANA charset alias [CHARSETS] for WTF-8.
This section is non-normative.
When Unicode 1.0 was published in 1991, it defined 65536 code points from U+0000 to U+FFFF and assigned characters to around half of them. Many software implementations chose the obvious memory representation for Unicode text of 16 bits per code point / character.
At the time, “Unicode” was synonymous with that particular encoding. To disambiguate, that encoding is now called UCS-2.
As subsequent versions of Unicode assigned more characters, it became apparent that 65536 code points would not be sufficient. Unicode was extended to 1114112 code points from U+0000 to U+10FFFF, and the UTF-16 encoding was introduced. This encoding preserves compatibility with existing 16-bit based systems and represents new (supplementary) code points as a pair of “surrogates”.
UTF-16 is designed to represent any Unicode text, but it can not represent a surrogate code point pair since the corresponding surrogate 16-bit code unit pairs would instead represent a supplementary code point. Therefore, the concept of Unicode scalar value was introduced and Unicode text was restricted to not contain any surrogate code point. (This was presumably deemed simpler that only restricting pairs.)
UTF-16 was redefined to be ill-formed if it contains unpaired surrogate 16-bit code units. UTF-8 was similarly redefined to be ill-formed if it contains surrogate byte sequences.
Meanwhile, 16-bit based systems had little to no incentive to do anything about surrogates: For several years, Unicode did not assign any character to supplementary code points, and then (until emoji) only comparatively rare characters. Additionally, the Unicode Standard does not require conforming implementations to maintain well-formedness of UTF-16 strings.
As a result, surrogates do occur in practice and need to be preserved. For example:
String
value is defined as a sequence of 16-bit integers
that usually represents UTF-16 text
but may or may not be well-formed.
WCHAR
s (16-bit
code units).
We say that strings in these systems are encoded in potentially ill-formed UTF-16 or WTF-16.
Unpaired surrogate 16-bit code units are the only case where an arbitrary sequence of 16-bit code units is ill-formed in UTF-16. UTF-8, however, is more complex and maintaining its well-formedness is arguably more valuable.
This specification defines WTF-8, a superset of UTF-8 that can losslessly represent arbitrary sequences of 16-bit code unit (even if ill-formed in UTF-16) but preserves the other well-formedness constraints of UTF-8.
Unicode defines a Compatibility Encoding Scheme for UTF-16: 8-Bit (CESU-8). WTF-8 is different from CESU-8.
CESU-8 encodes supplementary code points as surrogate pair byte sequences of six bytes, whereas WTF-8, like UTF-8, encodes them as sequences of four bytes. Therefore, CESU-8 is not a superset of UTF-8.
CESU-8 is also a mapping on UTF-16 code units. Therefore unpaired surrogate byte sequences are ill-formed in CESU-8, whereas supporting them is the entire point of WTF-8.
These definitions correspond to those of the Glossary of Unicode Terms. [UNICODE]
A Unicode code point is any value in the Unicode codespace; that is, the range of integers from 0 to 1114111. It is noted with a “U+” prefix and four to six hexadecimal digits: the first and last code points are U+0000 and U+10FFFF.
The Basic Multilingual Plane is the range of code points from U+0000 to U+FFFF.
A BMP code point is a code point in the Basic Multilingual Plane.
A supplementary code point is a code point not in the Basic Multilingual Plane. That is, a code point in the range from U+10000 to U+10FFFF.
A Unicode scalar value is a code point that is not a surrogate code point. That is, a code point in the range from U+0000 to U+D7FF, or in the range U+E000 to U+10FFFF.
A BMP scalar value is a Unicode scalar value in the Basic Multilingual Plane. That is, a code point in the range from U+0000 to U+D7FF, or in the range U+E000 to U+FFFF.
Unicode text is a sequence of Unicode scalar values.
UTF-8 is an encoding of Unicode text using 8-bit bytes. Each Unicode scalar value is represented as a sequence of one to four bytes.
UTF-16 is an encoding of Unicode text using 16-bit code units. BMP scalar values are represented as a single 16-bit code unit with the same value. Supplementary code points are represented as a surrogate 16-bit code unit pair.
Note: this specification is only concerned with the UTF-16 encoding form (based on 16-bit code units), and not with the encoding scheme (based on bytes, with UTF-16BE and UTF-16LE variants).
A string is well-formed (not ill-formed) in a given encoding if it follows the specification of that encoding. [UNICODE] defines Well-Formed Code Unit Sequence for UTF-8 and UTF-16.
The replacement character is the code point U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER
(�).
It is used as a substitute to replace ill-formed sub-sequences
during a conversion.
A 16-bit code unit is a 16-bit integer used in UTF-16. It is noted with a “0x” prefix and four hexadecimal digits: the first and last 16-bit code units are 0x0000 and 0xFFFF.
Note: The byte serialization or memory representation of a 16-bit code unit (little-endian or big-endian) is out of scope for this specification.
When an algorithm iterates over a sequence (“For every i in …”), consuming the next item means advancing in the sequence such that that item will be skipped during the following iteration of the loop: the item after the next becomes the next item.
The following algorithm prints “1”, “2”, and “4”.
For every digit i in “1234”, run these substeps:
A lead surrogate code point or high surrogate code point is a code point in the range from U+D800 to U+DBFF.
A trail surrogate code point or low surrogate code point is a code point in the range from U+DC00 to U+DFFF.
A surrogate code point is either a lead surrogate code point or a trail surrogate code point. That is, a code point in the range from U+D800 to U+DFFF.
A surrogate code point pair is a sequence of a lead surrogate code point followed by a trail surrogate code point.
An unpaired surrogate code point is a surrogate code point that is not part of a surrogate code point pair.
A lead surrogate 16-bit code unit or high surrogate 16-bit code unit is a 16-bit code unit in the range from 0xD800 to 0xDBFF.
A trail surrogate 16-bit code unit or low surrogate 16-bit code unit is a 16-bit code unit in the range from 0xDC00 to 0xDFFF.
A surrogate 16-bit code unit is either a lead surrogate 16-bit code unit or a trail surrogate 16-bit code unit. That is, a 16-bit code unit in the range from 0xD800 to 0xDFFF.
A surrogate 16-bit code unit pair is a sequence of a lead surrogate 16-bit code unit followed by a trail surrogate 16-bit code unit. In UTF-16, it represents a supplementary code point.
An unpaired surrogate 16-bit code unit is a surrogate 16-bit code unit that is not part of a surrogate 16-bit code unit pair.
Note: A surrogate byte sequence (and therefore any byte sequence described in this section) is ill-formed in UTF-8. Decoders are required to treat it as an error.
A lead surrogate byte sequence or high surrogate byte sequence is a sequence of three bytes that represents a lead surrogate code point in generalized UTF-8.
A trail surrogate byte sequence or low surrogate byte sequence is a sequence of three bytes that represents a trail surrogate code point in generalized UTF-8.
A surrogate byte sequence is either a lead surrogate byte sequence or a trail surrogate byte sequence. That is, a sequence of three bytes that represents a surrogate code point in generalized UTF-8.
| First byte | Second byte | Third byte | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lead surrogate byte sequence | ED | A0 to AF | 80 to BF |
| Trail surrogate byte sequence | ED | B0 to BF | 80 to BF |
| Surrogate byte sequence | ED | A0 to BF | 80 to BF |
A surrogate pair byte sequence is a sequence six bytes composed of a lead surrogate byte sequence followed by a trail surrogate byte sequence.
An unpaired surrogate byte sequence is a surrogate byte sequence that is not part of a surrogate pair byte sequence.
A sequence of 16-bit code units is potentially ill-formed UTF-16 if it is intended to be interpreted as UTF-16, but is not necessarily well-formed in UTF-16. It effectively encodes a sequence of code points that do not contain any surrogate code point pair.
Note: Like UTF-16, potentially ill-formed UTF-16 can not represent a surrogate code point pair since the corresponding surrogate 16-bit code unit pair would instead represent a supplementary code point. Unlike well-formed UTF-16, it might contain isolated surrogate code points.
Any sequence of 16-bit code units has an interpretation as potentially ill-formed UTF-16.
WTF-16 is sometimes used as a shorter name for potentially ill-formed UTF-16, especially in the context of systems were originally designed for UCS-2 and later upgraded to UTF-16 but never enforced well-formedness, either by neglect or because of backward-compatibility constraints.
To encode from code points to potentially ill-formed UTF-16, run these steps:
((P - 0x10000) >> 10) + 0xD800
((P - 0x10000) & 0x3FF) + 0xDC00
Note: If the input is restricted to Unicode text, this is identical to encoding to UTF-16 and the resulting sequence is well-formed in UTF-16.
If, on the other hand, the input contains a surrogate code point pair, the conversion will be incorrect and the resulting sequence will not represent the original code points.
This situation should be considered an error, but this specification does not define how to handle it. Possibilities include aborting the conversion, or replacing one of the surrogate code points of the pair with a replacement character.
To decode from potentially ill-formed UTF-16 to code points, run these steps:
0x10000 +
((U - 0xD800) << 10) +
(next - 0xDC00)
.
Note: By construction, the resulting sequence does not contain a surrogate code point pair.
Note: If the input is well-formed in UTF-16, this is identical to decoding UTF-16 and the resulting sequence is Unicode text.
For the purpose of this specification, generalized UTF-8 is an encoding of sequences of code points (not restricted to Unicode scalar values) using 8-bit bytes, based on the same underlying algorithm as UTF-8. It is a strict superset of UTF-8 (like UTF-8 is a strict superset of ASCII).
Each code point is encoded as a sequence of one to four bytes:
| Code point | First byte | Second byte | Third byte | Fourth byte |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| U+0000 to U+007F | 0xxxxxxx | |||
| U+0080 to U+07FF | 110xxxxx | 10xxxxxx | ||
| U+0800 to U+FFFF | 1110xxxx | 10xxxxxx | 10xxxxxx | |
| U+10000 to U+10FFFF | 11110xxx | 10xxxxxx | 10xxxxxx | 10xxxxxx |
A byte sequence is well-formed in generalized UTF-8 if and only if:
| Code point | First byte | Second byte | Third byte | Fourth byte |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| U+0000 to U+007F | 00 to 7F | |||
| U+0080 to U+07FF | C2 to DF | 80 to BF | ||
| U+0800 to U+0FFF | E0 | A0 to BF | 80 to BF | |
| U+1000 to U+FFFF | E1 to EF | 80 to BF | 80 to BF | |
| U+10000 to U+3FFFF | F0 | 90 to BF | 80 to BF | 80 to BF |
| U+40000 to U+FFFFF | F1 to F3 | 80 to BF | 80 to BF | 80 to BF |
| U+100000 to U+10FFFF | F4 | 80 to 8F | 80 to BF | 80 to BF |
WTF-8 (Wobbly Transformation Format − 8-bit) is an encoding of code point sequences that do not contain any surrogate code point pair using 8-bit bytes.
Note: Like UTF-8 is artificially restricted to Unicode text in order to match UTF-16, WTF-8 is artificially restricted to exclude surrogate code point pairs in order to match potentially ill-formed UTF-16.
It is identical to generalized UTF-8, with the additional well-formedness constraint that a surrogate pair byte sequence is ill-formed. It is a strict subset of generalized UTF-8 and a strict superset of UTF-8.
Note: Similarly, UTF-8 is a strict superset of ASCII.
WTF-8 must not be used for interchange. See Intended audience.
To encode from code points to well-formed WTF-8, run these steps:
If P is a lead surrogate code point, P is not the last code point of the input,
and the next code point is a trail surrogate code point, consume the next code point and
set P’s value to: 0x10000 +
((P - 0xD800) << 10) +
(next - 0xDC00)
.
0xC0 | (P >> 6)
0x80 | (P & 0x3F)
0xE0 | (P >> 12)
0x80 | ((P >> 6) & 0x3F)
0x80 | (P & 0x3F)
0xF0 | (P >> 18)
0x80 | ((P >> 12) & 0x3F)
0x80 | ((P >> 6) & 0x3F)
0x80 | (P & 0x3F)
Note: If the input contains a surrogate code point pair, the resulting byte sequence will be not represent the original sequence of code points. Instead, it will represent the same code points as if had been encoded in potentially ill-formed UTF-16. This is also consistent with encoding each code point to WTF-8 individually, and concatenating the resulting WTF-8 byte sequences.
To decode from well-formed WTF-8 to code points, run these steps:
Note: Since WTF-8 must not be used for interchange (see Intended audience), this algorithm is deliberately not defined for arbitrary byte sequences. It is only defined for byte sequences known to be well-formed in WTF-8, such as sequences encoded from code points, converted from UTF-16, or concatenated from sequences themselves well-formed in WTF-8.
Append to result a code point of value ((B & 0x1F) << 6) +
(B2 & 0x3F)
Append to result a code point of value ((B & 0x0F) << 12) +
((B2 & 0x3F) << 6) +
(B3 & 0x3F)
Append to result a code point of value ((B & 0x07) << 18) +
((B2 & 0x3F) << 12) +
((B3 & 0x3F) << 6) +
(B4 & 0x3F)
Note: If the input is also well-formed in UTF-8, this is identical to decoding UTF-8 and the resulting sequence is Unicode text.
To convert from potentially ill-formed UTF-16 to WTF-8, run these steps:
Note: This conversion never fails and is lossless.
To convert from WTF-8 to potentially ill-formed UTF-16, run these steps:
Note: This conversion never fails and, if the input is well-formed in WTF-8, is lossless.
Since WTF-8 is a superset of UTF-8, any sequence of byte that is well-formed in UTF-8 is also well-formed in WTF-8 and represents the same text. To convert from UTF-8 to WTF-8, return the input unchanged.
Note: This conversion never fails and is lossless.
To convert lossily from WTF-8 to UTF-8, replace any surrogate byte sequence with the sequence of three bytes <0xEF, 0xBF, 0xBD>, the UTF-8 encoding of the replacement character.
Note: Since surrogate byte sequences are also three bytes long, this conversion can be done in place.
Note: This conversion never fails but is lossy.
To convert strictly from WTF-8 to UTF-8, run these steps:
Note: This conversion is lossless when it succeeds, but it can fail.
Concatenating WTF-8 strings requires extra care to preserve well-formedness.
To concatenate two WTF-8 strings, run these steps:
0x10000 + ((lead - 0xD800) << 10) + (trail - 0xDC00)
Note: This is equivalent to converting both strings to potentially ill-formed UTF-16, concatenating the resulting 16-bit code unit sequences, then converting the concatenation back to WTF-8.
This section is non-normative.
Thanks to Coralie Mercier for coining the name WTF-8.
Thanks for feedback and contributions from Anne van Kesteren, David Baron, Dylan Petonke, Guillaume Knispel, Henri Sivonen, Jacob Lifshay, James Graham, Lily Ballard, Mathias Bynens, Ms2ger, Sam Tobin-Hochstadt, Tab Atkins.
Conformance requirements are expressed with a combination of descriptive assertions and RFC 2119 terminology. The key words “MUST”, “MUST NOT”, “REQUIRED”, “SHALL”, “SHALL NOT”, “SHOULD”, “SHOULD NOT”, “RECOMMENDED”, “MAY”, and “OPTIONAL” in the normative parts of this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119. However, for readability, these words do not appear in all uppercase letters in this specification.
All of the text of this specification is normative except sections explicitly marked as non-normative, examples, and notes. [RFC2119]
Examples in this specification are introduced with the words “for example”
or are set apart from the normative text with class="example"
, like this:
Informative notes begin with the word “Note”
and are set apart from the normative text with class="note"
, like this:
Note, this is an informative note.


The exam-n class – release notes
- 1.1.4, 2016 December 19
- Documentation: add notes about use of pdfpages.
- Added
[largefont]
option.
Note:
option [hugefont]
has replaced [bigfont]
;
the latter is now deprecated, and may be removed in v1.2.
- Use of the
\part
macro is now supported within
solutions (it produced the wrong numbers before), and there is a new
\StylePartNumber
customisation macro.
- 1.1.3
- Version 1.1.3 was never released
- 1.1.2, 2015 November 26
- Handled trailing floats at end of document (generated by packages
such as
rotating
.
\label
within question environment now refers to the
question number.
- Work around a problem when a paragraph starts with
{\bf ...}
rather than (post-1995) \textbf{...}
.
\begin{questiondata}
now starts a new paragraph.
- Some documentation adjustments.
- 1.1.1, 2014 November 27
- Adjust
\partmarks*
behaviour; now behaves differently
within display maths (addresses
issue 1).
- Various documentation and release fixes.
- 1.1, 2014 May 3
- Converted to a generic class,
exam-n
, ready for wider
distribution.
Available on bitbucket
and at CTAN.
- 1.0.16, 2014 February 28
- Option mtpro2 now switches to times (this fixes a pre-existing bug
exposed by the [sansserif] option).
- The [bigfont] option now works (this fixes a pre-existing bug, to
do with
\subsections
, which was exposed by the addition
of the [bigfont] option).
- Added the [bigfont] option
- Fixed 'shouts' warning at start (again)
- Forbid *section commands inside questions (and don't freak out)
- Rename
\questiontrailer
to \questionpreamble
(more logical)
- Fixed mcq warnings, and 'question continued' errors.
- Renamed
\multiplechoicequestions
to more logical
\multiplechoiceanswers
- Various (further) spacing changes
- Added
\subsection
- Release includes
1.0.16b1 (2014 January 20);
1.0.16b2 (20 January);
1.0.16b3 (22 January);
1.0.16b4 (14 February).
- 1.0.15, 2014 January 19
- Fixed mcq and showsolutions, to suppress incorrect warning of missing answers.
- 1.0.14, 2014 January 10
- pdfpages content now appears in draft mode.
- The
[draft]
option now implies [showsolutions] (so if
you want to suppress the solutions in this mode, you must now follow
[draft]
with [noshowsolutions]
).
- Showing missing information: shouts and missing exam date/time are
now highlighted.
- Fixed bug where excess
\QuestionNumberChecksOff
caused question numbers to disappear.
- Remove indent at start of question.
- 1.0.13, 2013 December 4
- Added a
[sansserif]
class option.
- Improved spacing and linebreaking; there are now fewer bad page-breaks.
- Added the
{mcq}
environment.
- Changed the distribution licence from GPL to LPPL.
- 1.0.12, 2013 November 11
- Adjustments to banner text and base rubric (consulting with Morag Casey).
- Added notes about
\includepdf
in notes for authors
.
- Adjustments to the distributed example files.
- 1.0.11, 2013 July 18
- Adjustments to question data: k_B, etc, should have roman subscripts.
- 1.0.10, 2013 June 27
- Minor documentation and distribution fixes
- 1.0.9, 2013 March 22
- Remove leftover debugging code (garhhh)
- 1.0.8, 2013 March 14
- Add the
mono
and colour
options.
- 1.0.7, 2013 March 14
- pdfpages is now disabled only in solutions
- Minor layout changes (exam title adjusts size for long
titles)
- 1.0.6, 2013 March 13
- Avoid tables and figures in solutions incrementing the float counter.
- Layout changes; adjustment to default base rubric; A345 rubric change
- Some documentation changes
- 1.0.4-1, 2013 March 8
- This is a bugfix release: it's a re-release of now-deprecated
1.0.5 minus a breaking change.
- Add
{table}
support, paralleling existing
{figure}
support (ie tables don't float, but captions
work as expected).
- Blank lines after a
\begin{question}
no longer
result in extra space.
- Adjust spacing and layout of front page (again); various other
cosmetic changes.
- A document identifier appears at the bottom of each page,
corroborating the exam the page is for (to avoid photocopier collation
accidents), and giving a numeric identifier which increases with time
(allowing you to identify which of two printouts is later).
- 1.0.4, 2013 March 6
- Adjust base rubric; assorted distribution and detail fixes.
- 1.0.3, 2013 January 25
- Added
[A2]
class option.
- 1.0.2, 2013 January 25
- The `pdfpages' package wasn't working when the `noshowsolutions'
option was present. Fixed, by special-casing, specifically disabling the
\includepdf
command in this case.
- Adjust display of
\partmarks
(no need for extra
space, since \partmarks
is now fully in the margin).
- Adjusting the front-page layout. Again.
- 1.0.1, 2013 January 18
{figure}
now works, because it's explicitly
supported ({figure}
inside solutions could cause problems
before). The contents don't float.
- Layout adjustments.
- Graphics now appear in draft mode.
- 1.0, 2012 December 11
- This is the nominal version 1.0 release, and will be used for the
2012-13 Honours Astronomy exams (it might get further tweaks along the
way, but we believe this is a complete distribution set).
- More adjustments to notes-for-authors, now showing example LaTeX results.
- Addition of template-question.tex
- Adjustments to base rubric.
- 1.0b5, 2012 December 3
- Fine formatting adjustments: occasional
\nobreak
and
rationalisation of \maketitle
.
- Improvements to notes-for-authors.
- 1.0b4, 2012 November 30
- Improve generation of PDF metadata.
- Add macro
\shout
, for highlighted `FIXME' comments.
- Add showmarktotals option.
- Permit
\partmarks
in solutions, without it adding to
the marks added up for the question (at the same time, forbid having a
solution within a solution).
- Various formatting adjustments.
- 1.0b3, 2012 November 8
- Add [A345] option.
- Make compose/draft material appear in red.
- Some packaging changes and bugfixes.
- 1.0b2, 2012 November 6
- Mild formatting adjustments.
- 1.0rc1, 2012 November 2
- Significant rewrite of formatting, producing a consensus
AandA/PhysHons style, and renaming some confusingly named
commands.
- Consequently, the AandA.clo and PhysHons.clo options have
disappeared.
- The
\constantssheet
macro has appeared, and setting
this is now the principal function of per-class .clo
files.
See the new A1.clo
and modified P2.clo
option files.
- 0.17.1, 2012 September 21
- Fix packaging infelicity
- 0.17, 2012 September 21
- Rework
solutions
environment to make it a little more robust.
- Add
\MSc
degree shorthand.
- Bugfix: continuation headers now appear if a question starts on page 1.
- Bugfix: fix wrong syntax in draft+showsolutions mode -- now works again
- 0.16, 2012 July 26
- Renamed the [showmarks] option to more rational [perquestionmarks]
(because the option doesn't control whether per-question marks are
displayed, but whether they're tracked at all). Slightly
improved the documentation of this at the same time.
- Added
\lambdabar
macro
- Fix long-standing problem with continuation lines -- these should now be robust.
- 0.15, 2011 November 23
- Avoid conflict with
ifpdf
package.
Now depends on ifpdf
.
- 0.14, 2010 August 6
- Fixed the problem where the question-continuation marks would be
messed up by the presence of floats.
- Added P2.clo; adjust 'showing solutions' banner
to avoid collision with other headers (thanks to Morag Casey for the .clo
file and the report).
- Changed the name of the class to 'guexam', from potentially confusing 'exam'.
Support guexam.config for forcing options (for example).
- 0.13-1, 2008 November 21
- Make the gulogo style optional, so that question authors don't
have to download and install that before they can draft a question.
Also adjust the logo size.
- 0.13, 2008 November 11
- Add university logo, and slightly rearrange the header.
Add
{questiondata}
environment.
- 0.12-2, 2008 April 14
- ...keep on truckin'. Further changes to the
\partmarks*
spacing code, still largely unprincipled, but
looking closer to what's required.
- 0.12-1, 2008 April 3
- ...and again. This time, I think I actually see what the problem
was. Macro
\partmarks
now forces a new paragraph (it was
documented to be usable at the end of a paragraph, so this is again
forced, and the documentation made more explicit), this makes what I
thought was the solution actually work. Which is nice. Redefined
enumerate
and itemize
environments, to
improve spacing somewhat.
- 0.12, 2008 April 3
- Further adjustments to
\partmarks
: again, it should
be more consistent without necessarily being more principled, alas.
- 0.11, 2008 March 30
- Minor fixes: Adjust display of partmarks -- should now be more
consistent; option [showsolutions] no longer defaults
[{no,}pageperquestion]; add macro
\e
to format roman
exponential.
- 0.10, 2008 January 17
- Fix
\vec
when it appears in sub- or superscript
position. Add \paperident
command.
- 0.9, 2007 December 10
- Various formatting changes. Added optional argument to
\includequestion
overriding question number.
- 0.8, 2007 November 25
- You can now use
\usepackage
within
[compose]
mode.
- 0.7, 2007 November 20
- Make changes to the display of the 'University of Glasgow' banner
at the top: resolves some font problems. Other minor layout tweaks.
- 0.6, 2007 November 18
- Fixed bold maths problems:
\vec
now works with greek
letters, too. Support MTpro2 (mathtime maths fonts) with the new
[mtpro2]
class option. The {solution}
environment can appear multiple times within a question. Question
numbers now appear correctly in 'final' mode.
- 0.5, 2007 October 30
- Fix collision with LaTeX internal: a
\comment
at the
start of a {question}
now works.


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