| Exposure |
Climate |
Extreme temperature |
ExT |
Extreme max. temp. (°C) in a 50-year return period |
+ |
BMD |
1964–2013 |
0.066 |
| |
|
Changes of temperature |
CoT |
Changes on average annual temperature |
+ |
BMD |
1964–2013 |
0.060 |
| |
|
Precipitation variability |
PV |
(Max. precipitation–min. precipitation)/avg. precipitation |
+ |
BMD |
1964–2013 |
0.161 |
| |
Disaster |
Flood hazard |
FH |
Computation of flood hazard score
a
|
+ |
BBS |
1951–2013 |
0.145 |
| |
|
Riverbank erosion |
RE |
Rate of riverbank erosion (km/year) |
+ |
USGS |
1998–2018 |
0.112 |
| |
|
Cyclone hazard |
CH |
Computation of cyclone hazard score
a
|
+ |
BBS |
1960–2015 |
0.156 |
| |
|
Salinity intrusion |
SI |
Salinity severity index |
+ |
SRDI |
2010 |
0.185 |
| |
|
Drought intensity |
DI |
Drought intensity in Kharif season |
+ |
* |
1994–2013 |
0.114 |
| Sensitivity |
Population |
Population below poverty level |
PBP |
% population below extreme poverty level |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.014 |
| |
|
Dependency ratio |
DR |
Ratio of the population < 14 and > 65 years to that 14–65 years |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.015 |
| |
|
In migration |
InM |
% floating people moving in from other areas |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.014 |
| |
|
Rural population |
RP |
% population living in rural area to total population |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.010 |
| |
|
Ethnic population |
EP |
% population living in tribal area |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.006 |
| |
|
Female population |
FP |
% female population to total population |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.012 |
| |
|
Population growth |
PG |
% population increased during 2001 to 2011 |
+ |
BBS |
2001–2011 |
0.013 |
| |
Health |
Disabled population |
DP |
% population physically disabled |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.010 |
| |
|
Infant mortality rate |
IMR |
Infant mortality rate (no./1000 live births) |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.010 |
| |
|
Underweight children |
UWC |
% of children under 5 years old who were underweight at birth |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.016 |
| |
|
Severely stunted growth |
SSG |
% children under 5 years old reported as stunted growth |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.018 |
| |
|
Arsenic problem |
AP |
% tube wells with potential threat of arsenic level > 50 mg/l |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.022 |
| |
|
Distance from a water source |
DWS |
% households with water source greater than 200 meters away |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.020 |
| |
|
Unsafe drinking water |
USDW |
% households drinking water from an open source |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.116 |
| |
|
Un-hygienic sanitation conditions |
USC |
% households without hygienic sanitation facilities |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.101 |
| |
Land resources |
Land use intensity |
LUI |
Land use intensity |
+ |
USGS |
2018 |
0.045 |
| |
|
Land degradation |
LD |
Perceived land degradation index |
+ |
Survey |
2018 |
0.067 |
| |
|
Soil organic matter |
SOM |
Average organic matter content of soil (%) |
- |
SRDI |
2013 |
0.046 |
| |
|
Soil phosphorus |
SP |
Average phosphorus content in soil (µg/gm) |
- |
SRDI |
2013 |
0.040 |
| |
Agricultural practices |
Marginalized farm holdings |
MFH |
Farm holding operating on 0.05 to 0.49 acre of land |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.040 |
| |
|
Arable land |
AL |
% net cultivated land to total land |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.066 |
| |
|
Fish-culture area |
FCA |
% land utilized for inland fish farming |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.050 |
| |
|
Rain-fed crop area |
RCA |
Cropland not under irrigation facilities |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.078 |
| |
|
Livestock potential |
LP |
Ownership of livestock (no./household) |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.070 |
| |
|
Crop diversity index |
CDI |
Computation of CDI (Shannon diversity index)
b
|
- |
BBS |
2011 |
0.050 |
| |
|
Gross agri. production |
GAP |
Per capita annual GAP (m.ton)
b
|
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.066 |
| |
|
Productivity of rice |
PoR |
Average yield of rice (ton/ha) in last 5 years |
- |
BBS |
2011–2015 |
0.060 |
| Adaptive capacity |
Human capital |
Literacy rate |
LR |
Literacy rate of 7+ population |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.039 |
| |
|
Youth education |
YE |
Youth education enrollmet rate (%) |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.042 |
| |
|
Economically active population |
EAP |
% population employed in different sectors |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.049 |
| |
|
Female work participation |
FWP |
% female population engaged at non-home workplace |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.030 |
| |
Financial capital |
Income diversification index |
IDI |
Negative Herfindahl index of income diversification |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.053 |
| |
|
Foreign remitter |
FR |
% households receiving foreign remittances |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.030 |
| |
|
Access to farm credit |
AFC |
% households having received a loan from different sources |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.045 |
| |
|
Share of agricultural GDP |
SAGDP |
% households with income come from agricultural sector |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.039 |
| |
|
Dependence on agriculture |
DoA |
% households with main income dependent on agriculture |
- |
BBS |
2011 |
0.015 |
| |
Social and institutional capital |
Farmers associations |
FAs |
% population member of a cooperative society |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.030 |
| |
|
Agricultural markets |
AgM |
No. of agricultural markets per 1000 farm households |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.024 |
| |
|
Density of schools |
DoS |
No. of schools per 10,000 population |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.039 |
| |
|
Density of healthcare facilities |
DoHC |
No. of healthcare facilities per 10,000 population |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.053 |
| |
|
Rehabilitation support |
RhS |
% households receiving financial/rehabilitation support |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.019 |
| |
Physical capital |
Structurally sound houses |
SSH |
% houses with disaster-resistant construction |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.036 |
| |
|
Emergency shelters |
ES |
Cyclone and flood emergency shelters (no./10,000 population) |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.030 |
| |
|
Road network |
RN |
Road density (meter/ha) |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.059 |
| |
|
Share of embankments/dams |
SoE |
% total embankments constructed in a district |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.047 |
| |
|
Rural electrification |
RuE |
% rural households connected to electrical grid |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.053 |
| |
|
Use of mobile phones |
UoMP |
% households with mobile phone |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.018 |
| |
Natural capital |
Open water bodies |
NWB |
% area covered by rivers and other water bodies |
+ |
USGS |
2018 |
0.020 |
| |
|
Natural forests |
NF |
% area under natural forests |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.022 |
| |
|
Land potential |
LP |
Per capita land potential (total land/total population) |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.031 |
| |
Use of agro-technology |
Adoption of improved crop variety |
AoICV |
% rice field cultivated with HYV seed |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.039 |
| |
|
Use of fertilizer |
UoF |
Fertilizer application rate (m.ton/ha) |
- |
BBS |
2011 |
0.029 |
| |
|
Use of pesticide |
UoP |
% cropland sprayed with pesticides |
- |
BBS |
2011 |
0.030 |
| |
|
Irrigation pump |
IP |
% area under irrigation facilities |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.032 |
| |
|
Crop harvester/thresher |
CHT |
No. of harvesters/threshers per 100 farm households |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.027 |
| |
|
Use of bio-gas |
UoBG |
% households using biogas for cooking |
+ |
BBS |
2011 |
0.020 |


Culture at DashboardHub
"DashboardHub has adopted a startup culture that promotes inclusivity and flexibility for those involved. A key aspect in making this a successful culture is the adoption of Open Source development in harmony with Remote Working. All of the team at DashboardHub are treated as equals and trusted to perform their tasks autonomously knowing they have the full support of the company's founders."
Andrew Cunliffe, Consultant
"If you want a truly great team and company culture give people direction and support but ultimately let them get on with it in their own way; DashboardHub gets this balance just right."
Csenge Pal, Marketing Intern
"Transparency, trust and inclusion are all vital to our team’s success."
Eddie Jaoude, Founder


--- layout: post status: publish published: true title: 'Baseball Broadcasts: TV vs. Radio' author: display_name: Corey Fineran login: Corey email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>url: '' author_login: Corey author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>wordpress_id: 1911 wordpress_url: http://ivyenvy.com/?p=1911 date: '2010-02-16 22:17:08 +0000' date_gmt: '2010-02-17 04:17:08 +0000' categories: - Broadcasters/Networks tags: - Alfonso Soriano - Cardinals - Ron Santo - television - MLB Extra Innings - Radio - MLB At-Bat - Jack Buck - Mike Shannon comments: - id: 1463 author: Mike in San Antonio author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>author_url: '' date: '2010-07-11 20:24:13 +0000' date_gmt: '2010-07-12 01:24:13 +0000' content: Being from Chicago and now living in San Antonio I only listen to Cubs Games via MLB At Bat. I listen to it on my laptop and Pipe it in to a speakers in the Yard, Garage or Back porch. It really has an old time feel vs watching it on Television. ---
I recently decided that I will not be purchasing the MLB Extra Innings package. Last year, I didn't use it nearly as much as I expected that I would. A few times, we'd be out in the backyard on the weekend and a game from the NL or AL Central would finish and we would flip over and watch a west coast game, but we didn't do it often enough to justify $200 for the package.
I was at Twenty Sports Grille (proud sponsor of Ivy Envy) a few weeks ago and a guy informed me of the MLB At-Bat application for iPhone, Blackberry and Android. The details for 2010 have not been released, but this app cost only $10 last year and it includes Pitch-by-Pitch, video highlights, video of 1 or 2 live games per day, as well as the home and away radio feeds for every game (no blackouts). This seems like an adequate and affordable replacement for me.
But imagining laying in bed listening to the radio broadcast of west coast games really takes me back to my childhood.
This idea makes me feel like an old-timer. I'm only 32, but growing up, my family didn't have cable and I relied on the radio for my baseball fix. Sadly, living in central Illinois, this fix was taken care of by the St. Louis Cardinals, via Jack Buck and Mike Shannon. Being a Cubs fan, I fell asleep every summer night, rooting for whoever the Cardinals were playing.
But the game is different on the radio. Obviously, the announcers are relied upon to paint a visual picture of the game for the listeners. But it's more than that. There is a cadence to calling a game on the radio. Ron Santo doesn't quite have this cadence down yet.
Baseball seems more pure to me on the radio. I can't see what actually happened during a play. I am trusting the call of the announcer. On television, I can see Soriano's gaffes in the field clearly. I can form my own opinion of the play of each person on the field. On the radio, I only know what the guy in the booth wants me to know. I don't mean to sound like a conspiracy theorist, but it's quite the opposite. There is an element of innocence to listening to the game. You listen for the love of the game. I don't listen to a game on the radio ready to second-guess and question every ball and strike call. I don't over-analyze the route an outfielder takes to the ball. I find myself not questioning managerial decisions as much. It's pure and it's America's past-time.
We take it all too seriously. It's ridiculous how closely we, and the rest of the Cubs blog-world, watches these guys. It's absurd, the scrupulous nature of our attention to the Cubs. But it's what fandom has become and there's no turning back. So I will watch the Cubs on television and critique every step and every swing. I'll just listen to the radio broadcasts of west coast games for my "love of the game" fix now.


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Let AB be the given infinite straight line, and C the given point which is not on it.
It is required to draw a straight line perpendicular to the given infinite straight line AB from the given point C which is not on it.
Take an arbitrary point D on the other side of the straight line AB, and describe the circle EFG with center C and radius CD. Bisect the straight line EG at H, and join the straight lines CG, CH, and CE.
I say that CH has been drawn perpendicular to the given infinite straight line AB from the given point C which is not on it.
Since GH equals HE, and HC is common, therefore the two sides GH and HC equal the two sides EH and HC respectively, and the base CG equals the base CE. Therefore the angle CHG equals the angle EHC, and they are adjacent angles.
But, when a straight line standing on a straight line makes the adjacent angles equal to one another, each of the equal angles is right, and the straight line standing on the other is called a perpendicular to that on which it stands.
Therefore CH has been drawn perpendicular to the given infinite straight line AB from the given point C which is not on it.
Euclid does not precede this proposition with propositions investigating how lines meet circles. He is much more careful in Book III on circles in which the first dozen or so propositions lay foundations. For instance, Proposition III.10 states that a circle does not cut a circle at more than two points. Even so, some propositions are missing. One is needed for this proposition to justify the existence of the two points C and E where the line AB meets circle with center C and radius CD. Such a proposition would state “A circle whose center is on one side of a line and on whose circumference lies a point on the other side of the line meets the line at two points.”
Incidentally, Proclus explains in his commentary on Book I that the problem of constructing the perpendicular was investigated by Oenopides of Chios who lived sometime in the middle of the fifth century B.C.E., a century and a half before Euclid.


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001/* 002 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one 003 * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file 004 * distributed with this work for additional information 005 * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file 006 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the 007 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance 008 * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at 009 * 010 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 011 * 012 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, 013 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an 014 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY 015 * KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 016 * specific language governing permissions and limitations 017 * under the License. 018 */ 019package org.apache.shiro.web.servlet; 020 021import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils; 022import org.apache.shiro.session.Session; 023import org.apache.shiro.subject.ExecutionException; 024import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject; 025import org.apache.shiro.web.config.ShiroFilterConfiguration; 026import org.apache.shiro.web.filter.mgt.FilterChainResolver; 027import org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.DefaultWebSecurityManager; 028import org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.WebSecurityManager; 029import org.apache.shiro.web.subject.WebSubject; 030import org.slf4j.Logger; 031import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; 032 033import javax.servlet.FilterChain; 034import javax.servlet.ServletException; 035import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; 036import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; 037import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 038import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 039import java.io.IOException; 040import java.util.concurrent.Callable; 041 042/** 043 * Abstract base class that provides all standard Shiro request filtering behavior and expects 044 * subclasses to implement configuration-specific logic (INI, XML, .properties, etc). 045 *
 046 * Subclasses should perform configuration and construction logic in an overridden 047 * {@link #init()} method implementation. That implementation should make available any constructed 048 * {@code SecurityManager} and {@code FilterChainResolver} by calling 049 * {@link #setSecurityManager(org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.WebSecurityManager)} and 050 * {@link #setFilterChainResolver(org.apache.shiro.web.filter.mgt.FilterChainResolver)} methods respectively. 051 *
Static SecurityManager
 052 * By default the {@code SecurityManager} instance enabled by this filter will not be enabled in static 053 * memory via the {@code SecurityUtils.}{@link SecurityUtils#setSecurityManager(org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager) setSecurityManager} 054 * method. Instead, it is expected that Subject instances will always be constructed on a request-processing thread 055 * via instances of this Filter class. 056 *
 057 * However, if you need to construct {@code Subject} instances on separate (non request-processing) threads, it might 058 * be easiest to enable the SecurityManager to be available in static memory via the 059 * {@link SecurityUtils#getSecurityManager()} method. You can do this by additionally specifying an {@code init-param}: 060 *
 061 * <filter> 062 * ... other config here ... 063 * <init-param> 064 * <param-name>staticSecurityManagerEnabled</param-name> 065 * <param-value>true</param-value> 066 * </init-param> 067 * </filter> 068 *
 069 * See the Shiro Subject documentation for more information as to 070 * if you would do this, particularly the sections on the {@code Subject.Builder} and Thread Association. 071 * 072 * @since 1.0 073 * @see Subject documentation 074 */ 075public abstract class AbstractShiroFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter { 076 077 private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AbstractShiroFilter.class); 078 079 private static final String STATIC_INIT_PARAM_NAME = "staticSecurityManagerEnabled"; 080 081 // Reference to the security manager used by this filter 082 private WebSecurityManager securityManager; 083 084 // Used to determine which chain should handle an incoming request/response 085 private FilterChainResolver filterChainResolver; 086 087 /** 088 * Whether or not to bind the constructed SecurityManager instance to static memory (via 089 * SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager). This was added to support https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SHIRO-287 090 * @since 1.2 091 */ 092 private boolean staticSecurityManagerEnabled; 093 094 protected AbstractShiroFilter() { 095 this.staticSecurityManagerEnabled = false; 096 } 097 098 public WebSecurityManager getSecurityManager() { 099 return securityManager; 100 } 101 102 public void setSecurityManager(WebSecurityManager sm) { 103 this.securityManager = sm; 104 } 105 106 public FilterChainResolver getFilterChainResolver() { 107 return filterChainResolver; 108 } 109 110 public void setFilterChainResolver(FilterChainResolver filterChainResolver) { 111 this.filterChainResolver = filterChainResolver; 112 } 113 114 public void setShiroFilterConfiguration(ShiroFilterConfiguration config) { 115 this.setFilterOncePerRequest(config.isFilterOncePerRequest()); 116 117 // this property could have already been set with a servlet config param 118 this.setStaticSecurityManagerEnabled(config.isStaticSecurityManagerEnabled() || isStaticSecurityManagerEnabled()); 119 } 120 121 /** 122 * Returns {@code true} if the constructed {@link #getSecurityManager() securityManager} reference should be bound 123 * to static memory (via 124 * {@code SecurityUtils.}{@link SecurityUtils#setSecurityManager(org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager) setSecurityManager}), 125 * {@code false} otherwise. 126 *
 127 * The default value is {@code false}. 128 *
 129 * 130 * 131 * @return {@code true} if the constructed {@link #getSecurityManager() securityManager} reference should be bound 132 * to static memory (via {@code SecurityUtils.}{@link SecurityUtils#setSecurityManager(org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager) setSecurityManager}), 133 * {@code false} otherwise. 134 * @since 1.2 135 * @see SHIRO-287 136 */ 137 public boolean isStaticSecurityManagerEnabled() { 138 return staticSecurityManagerEnabled; 139 } 140 141 /** 142 * Sets if the constructed {@link #getSecurityManager() securityManager} reference should be bound 143 * to static memory (via {@code SecurityUtils.}{@link SecurityUtils#setSecurityManager(org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager) setSecurityManager}). 144 *
 145 * The default value is {@code false}. 146 * 147 * @param staticSecurityManagerEnabled if the constructed {@link #getSecurityManager() securityManager} reference 148 * should be bound to static memory (via 149 * {@code SecurityUtils.}{@link SecurityUtils#setSecurityManager(org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager) setSecurityManager}). 150 * @since 1.2 151 * @see SHIRO-287 152 */ 153 public void setStaticSecurityManagerEnabled(boolean staticSecurityManagerEnabled) { 154 this.staticSecurityManagerEnabled = staticSecurityManagerEnabled; 155 } 156 157 protected final void onFilterConfigSet() throws Exception { 158 //added in 1.2 for SHIRO-287: 159 applyStaticSecurityManagerEnabledConfig(); 160 init(); 161 ensureSecurityManager(); 162 //added in 1.2 for SHIRO-287: 163 if (isStaticSecurityManagerEnabled()) { 164 SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(getSecurityManager()); 165 } 166 } 167 168 /** 169 * Checks if the init-param that configures the filter to use static memory has been configured, and if so, 170 * sets the {@link #setStaticSecurityManagerEnabled(boolean)} attribute with the configured value. 171 * 172 * @since 1.2 173 * @see SHIRO-287 174 */ 175 private void applyStaticSecurityManagerEnabledConfig() { 176 String value = getInitParam(STATIC_INIT_PARAM_NAME); 177 if (value != null) { 178 Boolean b = Boolean.valueOf(value); 179 if (b != null) { 180 setStaticSecurityManagerEnabled(b); 181 } 182 } 183 } 184 185 public void init() throws Exception { 186 } 187 188 /** 189 * A fallback mechanism called in {@link #onFilterConfigSet()} to ensure that the 190 * {@link #getSecurityManager() securityManager} property has been set by configuration, and if not, 191 * creates one automatically. 192 */ 193 private void ensureSecurityManager() { 194 WebSecurityManager securityManager = getSecurityManager(); 195 if (securityManager == null) { 196 log.info("No SecurityManager configured. Creating default."); 197 securityManager = createDefaultSecurityManager(); 198 setSecurityManager(securityManager); 199 } 200 } 201 202 protected WebSecurityManager createDefaultSecurityManager() { 203 return new DefaultWebSecurityManager(); 204 } 205 206 protected boolean isHttpSessions() { 207 return getSecurityManager().isHttpSessionMode(); 208 } 209 210 /** 211 * Wraps the original HttpServletRequest in a {@link ShiroHttpServletRequest}, which is required for supporting 212 * Servlet Specification behavior backed by a {@link org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject Subject} instance. 213 * 214 * @param orig the original Servlet Container-provided incoming {@code HttpServletRequest} instance. 215 * @return {@link ShiroHttpServletRequest ShiroHttpServletRequest} instance wrapping the original. 216 * @since 1.0 217 */ 218 protected ServletRequest wrapServletRequest(HttpServletRequest orig) { 219 return new ShiroHttpServletRequest(orig, getServletContext(), isHttpSessions()); 220 } 221 222 /** 223 * Prepares the {@code ServletRequest} instance that will be passed to the {@code FilterChain} for request 224 * processing. 225 *
 226 * If the {@code ServletRequest} is an instance of {@link HttpServletRequest}, the value returned from this method 227 * is obtained by calling {@link #wrapServletRequest(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)} to allow Shiro-specific 228 * HTTP behavior, otherwise the original {@code ServletRequest} argument is returned. 229 * 230 * @param request the incoming ServletRequest 231 * @param response the outgoing ServletResponse 232 * @param chain the Servlet Container provided {@code FilterChain} that will receive the returned request. 233 * @return the {@code ServletRequest} instance that will be passed to the {@code FilterChain} for request processing. 234 * @since 1.0 235 */ 236 @SuppressWarnings({"UnusedDeclaration"}) 237 protected ServletRequest prepareServletRequest(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) { 238 ServletRequest toUse = request; 239 if (request instanceof HttpServletRequest) { 240 HttpServletRequest http = (HttpServletRequest) request; 241 toUse = wrapServletRequest(http); 242 } 243 return toUse; 244 } 245 246 /** 247 * Returns a new {@link ShiroHttpServletResponse} instance, wrapping the {@code orig} argument, in order to provide 248 * correct URL rewriting behavior required by the Servlet Specification when using Shiro-based sessions (and not 249 * Servlet Container HTTP-based sessions). 250 * 251 * @param orig the original {@code HttpServletResponse} instance provided by the Servlet Container. 252 * @param request the {@code ShiroHttpServletRequest} instance wrapping the original request. 253 * @return the wrapped ServletResponse instance to use during {@link FilterChain} execution. 254 * @since 1.0 255 */ 256 protected ServletResponse wrapServletResponse(HttpServletResponse orig, ShiroHttpServletRequest request) { 257 return new ShiroHttpServletResponse(orig, getServletContext(), request); 258 } 259 260 /** 261 * Prepares the {@code ServletResponse} instance that will be passed to the {@code FilterChain} for request 262 * processing. 263 *
 264 * This implementation delegates to {@link #wrapServletRequest(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)} 265 * only if Shiro-based sessions are enabled (that is, !{@link #isHttpSessions()}) and the request instance is a 266 * {@link ShiroHttpServletRequest}. This ensures that any URL rewriting that occurs is handled correctly using the 267 * Shiro-managed Session's sessionId and not a servlet container session ID. 268 *
 269 * If HTTP-based sessions are enabled (the default), then this method does nothing and just returns the 270 * {@code ServletResponse} argument as-is, relying on the default Servlet Container URL rewriting logic. 271 * 272 * @param request the incoming ServletRequest 273 * @param response the outgoing ServletResponse 274 * @param chain the Servlet Container provided {@code FilterChain} that will receive the returned request. 275 * @return the {@code ServletResponse} instance that will be passed to the {@code FilterChain} during request processing. 276 * @since 1.0 277 */ 278 @SuppressWarnings({"UnusedDeclaration"}) 279 protected ServletResponse prepareServletResponse(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) { 280 ServletResponse toUse = response; 281 if (!isHttpSessions() && (request instanceof ShiroHttpServletRequest) && 282 (response instanceof HttpServletResponse)) { 283 //the ShiroHttpServletResponse exists to support URL rewriting for session ids. This is only needed if 284 //using Shiro sessions (i.e. not simple HttpSession based sessions): 285 toUse = wrapServletResponse((HttpServletResponse) response, (ShiroHttpServletRequest) request); 286 } 287 return toUse; 288 } 289 290 /** 291 * Creates a {@link WebSubject} instance to associate with the incoming request/response pair which will be used 292 * throughout the request/response execution. 293 * 294 * @param request the incoming {@code ServletRequest} 295 * @param response the outgoing {@code ServletResponse} 296 * @return the {@code WebSubject} instance to associate with the request/response execution 297 * @since 1.0 298 */ 299 protected WebSubject createSubject(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) { 300 return new WebSubject.Builder(getSecurityManager(), request, response).buildWebSubject(); 301 } 302 303 /** 304 * Updates any 'native' Session's last access time that might exist to the timestamp when this method is called. 305 * If native sessions are not enabled (that is, standard Servlet container sessions are being used) or there is no 306 * session ({@code subject.getSession(false) == null}), this method does nothing. 307 *
This method implementation merely calls 308 * Session.{@link org.apache.shiro.session.Session#touch() touch}() on the session. 309 * 310 * @param request incoming request - ignored, but available to subclasses that might wish to override this method 311 * @param response outgoing response - ignored, but available to subclasses that might wish to override this method 312 * @since 1.0 313 */ 314 @SuppressWarnings({"UnusedDeclaration"}) 315 protected void updateSessionLastAccessTime(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) { 316 if (!isHttpSessions()) { //'native' sessions 317 Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject(); 318 //Subject should never _ever_ be null, but just in case: 319 if (subject != null) { 320 Session session = subject.getSession(false); 321 if (session != null) { 322 try { 323 session.touch(); 324 } catch (Throwable t) { 325 log.error("session.touch() method invocation has failed. Unable to update " + 326 "the corresponding session's last access time based on the incoming request.", t); 327 } 328 } 329 } 330 } 331 } 332 333 /** 334 * {@code doFilterInternal} implementation that sets-up, executes, and cleans-up a Shiro-filtered request. It 335 * performs the following ordered operations: 336 *
 337 *
{@link #prepareServletRequest(ServletRequest, ServletResponse, FilterChain) Prepares} 338 * the incoming {@code ServletRequest} for use during Shiro's processing
 339 *
{@link #prepareServletResponse(ServletRequest, ServletResponse, FilterChain) Prepares} 340 * the outgoing {@code ServletResponse} for use during Shiro's processing
 341 *
 {@link #createSubject(javax.servlet.ServletRequest, javax.servlet.ServletResponse) Creates} a 342 * {@link Subject} instance based on the specified request/response pair.
 343 *
Finally {@link Subject#execute(Runnable) executes} the 344 * {@link #updateSessionLastAccessTime(javax.servlet.ServletRequest, javax.servlet.ServletResponse)} and 345 * {@link #executeChain(javax.servlet.ServletRequest, javax.servlet.ServletResponse, javax.servlet.FilterChain)} 346 * methods
 347 *
 348 *
 349 * The {@code Subject.}{@link Subject#execute(Runnable) execute(Runnable)} call in step #4 is used as an 350 * implementation technique to guarantee proper thread binding and restoration is completed successfully. 351 * 352 * @param servletRequest the incoming {@code ServletRequest} 353 * @param servletResponse the outgoing {@code ServletResponse} 354 * @param chain the container-provided {@code FilterChain} to execute 355 * @throws IOException if an IO error occurs 356 * @throws javax.servlet.ServletException if an Throwable other than an IOException 357 */ 358 protected void doFilterInternal(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, final FilterChain chain) 359 throws ServletException, IOException { 360 361 Throwable t = null; 362 363 try { 364 final ServletRequest request = prepareServletRequest(servletRequest, servletResponse, chain); 365 final ServletResponse response = prepareServletResponse(request, servletResponse, chain); 366 367 final Subject subject = createSubject(request, response); 368 369 //noinspection unchecked 370 subject.execute(new Callable() { 371 public Object call() throws Exception { 372 updateSessionLastAccessTime(request, response); 373 executeChain(request, response, chain); 374 return null; 375 } 376 }); 377 } catch (ExecutionException ex) { 378 t = ex.getCause(); 379 } catch (Throwable throwable) { 380 t = throwable; 381 } 382 383 if (t != null) { 384 if (t instanceof ServletException) { 385 throw (ServletException) t; 386 } 387 if (t instanceof IOException) { 388 throw (IOException) t; 389 } 390 //otherwise it's not one of the two exceptions expected by the filter method signature - wrap it in one: 391 String msg = "Filtered request failed."; 392 throw new ServletException(msg, t); 393 } 394 } 395 396 /** 397 * Returns the {@code FilterChain} to execute for the given request. 398 *
 399 * The {@code origChain} argument is the 400 * original {@code FilterChain} supplied by the Servlet Container, but it may be modified to provide 401 * more behavior by pre-pending further chains according to the Shiro configuration. 402 *
 403 * This implementation returns the chain that will actually be executed by acquiring the chain from a 404 * {@link #getFilterChainResolver() filterChainResolver}. The resolver determines exactly which chain to 405 * execute, typically based on URL configuration. If no chain is returned from the resolver call 406 * (returns {@code null}), then the {@code origChain} will be returned by default. 407 * 408 * @param request the incoming ServletRequest 409 * @param response the outgoing ServletResponse 410 * @param origChain the original {@code FilterChain} provided by the Servlet Container 411 * @return the {@link FilterChain} to execute for the given request 412 * @since 1.0 413 */ 414 protected FilterChain getExecutionChain(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain origChain) { 415 416 FilterChain chain = origChain; 417 418 FilterChainResolver resolver = getFilterChainResolver(); 419 if (resolver == null) { 420 log.debug("No FilterChainResolver configured. Returning original FilterChain."); 421 return origChain; 422 } 423 424 FilterChain resolved = resolver.getChain(request, response, origChain); 425 if (resolved != null) { 426 log.trace("Resolved a configured FilterChain for the current request."); 427 chain = resolved; 428 } else { 429 log.trace("No FilterChain configured for the current request. Using the default."); 430 } 431 432 return chain; 433 } 434 435 /** 436 * Executes a {@link FilterChain} for the given request. 437 *
 438 * This implementation first delegates to 439 * {@link #getExecutionChain(javax.servlet.ServletRequest, javax.servlet.ServletResponse, javax.servlet.FilterChain) getExecutionChain} 440 * to allow the application's Shiro configuration to determine exactly how the chain should execute. The resulting 441 * value from that call is then executed directly by calling the returned {@code FilterChain}'s 442 * {@link FilterChain#doFilter doFilter} method. That is: 443 *
 444 * FilterChain chain = {@link #getExecutionChain}(request, response, origChain); 445 * chain.{@link FilterChain#doFilter doFilter}(request,response);
 446 * 447 * @param request the incoming ServletRequest 448 * @param response the outgoing ServletResponse 449 * @param origChain the Servlet Container-provided chain that may be wrapped further by an application-configured 450 * chain of Filters. 451 * @throws IOException if the underlying {@code chain.doFilter} call results in an IOException 452 * @throws ServletException if the underlying {@code chain.doFilter} call results in a ServletException 453 * @since 1.0 454 */ 455 protected void executeChain(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain origChain) 456 throws IOException, ServletException { 457 FilterChain chain = getExecutionChain(request, response, origChain); 458 chain.doFilter(request, response); 459 } 460}


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South Africa’s PEP Flees Zimbabwe After Making Huge Losses…Cites Ongoing Crisis
by Timothy NdoroSouth African retailer Pepkor Holdings said on Monday it will exit Zimbabwe after an economic crisis in the country hurt its performance.
Severe shortages of foreign currency, fuel and electricity have sent inflation soaring to its highest since 2008, and dashed hopes the economy might recover under President Emmerson Mnangagwa, who took over from Robert Mugabe in 2017.
“The decision to exit Zimbabwe was based on the continued adverse macroeconomic conditions affecting trading and the weakening currency,” Pepkor’s statement said.
Its Zimbabwe business made a loss of 70 million rand ($4.8 million), including the full impairment of the disposal of the group’s assets, it added.
Overall, Pepkor, 71% owned by scandal-hit retailer Steinhoff International, said its profits grew by 14.5% in the year to Sept. 30.
Headline earnings per share, the main profit measure in South Africa that strips out certain one-off items, stood at 96.8 cents, verses 84.5 cents a year earlier. Revenues from continuing operations grew by 9% to 69.6 billion rand.
Pepkor flagged earlier in November that it would need to take a 1.2 billion rand charge related to its building materials unit that has struggled in a tough market.
Leon Lorens, Pepkor’s CEO, said the company was satisfied with its performance given the difficult retail environment in South Africa.
Consumer finances have been constrained amid stagnant growth, rising living costs and unemployment that stands at nearly 30%.
“We see many opportunities for market share expansion,” Lorens said, adding the company was also focused on cutting costs. ($1 = 14.7075 rand) (Reporting by Emma Rumney; editing by Richard Pullin).
Also Read,
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Horror As ‘Diabolical’ Father Drowns 2-Year-Old Daughter Following Heated Custody Dispute
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‘It’s just wishful thinking!’-Zanu PF rubbishes rumours of tensions between ED & Chiwenga
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Member Summary
Member Functions: nextChar
Constructors
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Source(
const IT & it,
const IT & end
);
Destructor
~Source
~Source();
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Assisted over 350 undergraduate and graduate students in developing effective rhetorical and compositional skills. Instructed students to gain a working knowledge of MLA/APA/Chicago style and proper grammar usage. Facilitated over 50 students in writing cover letters and resumes, which lead to internships and job offers.
Wrote three research papers for Minister of Disabled Persons Justin Tomlinson regarding topics of mental health, the UK’s EU membership, and environmental sustainability, which informed Tomlinson’s voting decision. Sat in on 12 debates in the House of Commons and relayed information to Tomlinson’s office as needed, allowing Tomlinson to save up to 60+ hours of preparation time.
Developed a positive living environment designed to link community, often through resolving conflict. Implemented and enforced all University and Housing policies to a house of 34 residents abroad. Budgeted $10,000 USD used for community building events, large scale dinners, and culture building activities.
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Your Favorite Language
Probably has lots of features:
- Assignment (
x = x + 1
) - Booleans, integers, characters, strings, …
- Conditionals
- Loops
return
,break
,continue
- Functions
- Recursion
- References / pointers
- Objects and classes
- Inheritance
- …
Which ones can we do without?
What is the smallest universal language?
What is computable?
Before 1930s
Informal notion of an effectively calculable function:
1936: Formalization
What is the smallest universal language?
The Turing Machine
The Lambda Calculus
The Next 700 Languages
Whatever the next 700 languages turn out to be, they will surely be variants of lambda calculus.
Peter Landin, 1966
The Lambda Calculus
Has one feature:
- Functions
No, really:
Assignment (x = x + 1
)Booleans, integers, characters, strings, …ConditionalsLoopsreturn
,break
,continue
- Functions
RecursionReferences / pointersObjects and classesInheritanceReflection
More precisely, all you can do is:
- define a function
- call a function
Describing a Programming Language
- Syntax: what do programs look like?
- Semantics: what do programs mean?
- operational semantics: how do programs execute step-by-step?
Syntax: What Programs Look Like
E ::= x
| \x -> E
| E1 E2
Programs are expressions E
(also called λ-terms)
of one of three kinds:
- Variable
x
,y
,z
- Abstraction (aka nameless function definition)
\x -> E
x
is the formal parameter,E
is the body- “for any
x
computeE
”
- Application (aka function call)
E1 E2
E1
is the function,E2
is the argument- in your favorite language:
E1(E2)
(Here each of E
, E1
, E2
can itself be a variable, abstraction, or application)
Example Expressions
-- Variable named "apple"
apple
-- Application of variable "apple"
apple banana -- to variable "banana"
-> x -- The identity function
\x -- ("for any x compute x")
-> x) apple -- Application of the identity function
(\x -- to variable "apple"
-> (\y -> y) -- A function that returns the identity function
\x
-> f (\x -> x) -- A function that applies its argument
\f -- to the identity function
QUIZ
Which of the following terms are syntactically incorrect?
A. \(\x -> x) -> y
B. \x -> x x
C. \x -> x (y x)
D. A and C
E. all of the above
Correct answer: A
Examples
-> x -- The identity function
\x -- ("for any x compute x")
-> (\y -> y) -- A function that returns the identity function
\x
-> f (\x -> x) -- A function that applies its argument
\f -- to the identity function
How do I define a function with two arguments?
- e.g. a function that takes
x
andy
and returnsy
?
-> (\y -> y) -- A function that returns the identity function
\x -- OR: a function that takes two arguments
-- and returns the second one!
How do I apply a function to two arguments?
- e.g. apply
\x -> (\y -> y)
toapple
andbanana
?
-> (\y -> y)) apple) banana -- first apply to apple,
((\x -- then apply the result to banana
Syntactic Sugar
| instead of | we write |
|---|---|
\x -> (\y -> (\z -> E)) |
\x -> \y -> \z -> E |
\x -> \y -> \z -> E |
\x y z -> E |
(((E1 E2) E3) E4) |
E1 E2 E3 E4 |
-> y -- A function that that takes two arguments
\x y -- and returns the second one...
-> y) apple banana -- ... applied to two arguments (\x y
Semantics : What Programs Mean
How do I “run” / “execute” a λ-term?
Think of middle-school algebra:
-- Simplify expression:
+ 2)*(3x - 1)
(x => -- RULE: mult. polynomials
^2 - x + 6x - 2
3x=> -- RULE: add monomials
^2 + 5x - 2 -- no more rules to apply 3x
Execute = rewrite step-by-step following simple rules, until no more rules apply
Rewrite Rules of Lambda Calculus
- α-step (aka renaming formals)
- β-step (aka function call)
But first we have to talk about scope
Semantics: Scope of a Variable
The part of a program where a variable is visible
In the expression \x -> E
x
is the newly introduced variableE
is the scope ofx
any occurrence of
x
in\x -> E
is bound (by the binder\x
)
For example, x
is bound in:
-> x
\x -> (\y -> x)
\x -> (\x -> x) -- by which binder is x bound? \x
An occurrence of x
in E
is free if it’s not bound by an enclosing abstraction
For example, x
is free in:
-- no binders at all!
x y -> x y -- no \x binder
\y -> \y -> y) x -- x is outside the scope of the \x binder;
(\x -- intuition: it's not "the same" x
QUIZ
In the expression (\x -> x) x
,
is x
bound or free?
A. bound
B. free
C. first occurrence is bound, second is free
D. first occurrence is bound, second and third are free
E. first two occurrences are bound, third is free
Correct answer: C
EXERCISE: Free Variables
A variable x
is free in E
if there exists a free occurrence of x
in E
We can formally define the set of all free variables in a term like so:
FV(x) = {x}
FV(E1 E2) = FV(E1) + FV(E2)
FV(\x -> E) = FV(E) \ {x}
Closed Expressions
If E
has no free variables it is said to be closed
- Closed expressions are also called combinators
What is the shortest closed expression?
Answer: \x -> x
Rewrite Rules of Lambda Calculus
- α-step (aka renaming formals)
- β-step (aka function call)
Semantics: β-Reduction
-> E1) E2 =b> E1[x := E2] (\x
where E1[x := E2]
means
“E1
with all free occurrences of x
replaced with E2
”
Computation by search-and-replace:
If you see an abstraction applied to an argument, take the body of the abstraction and replace all free occurrences of the formal by that argument
We say that
(\x -> E1) E2
β-steps toE1[x := E2]
Examples
-> x) apple
(\x =b> apple
Is this right? Ask Elsa!
-> f (\x -> x)) (give apple)
(\f =b> give apple (\x -> x)
QUIZ
-> (\y -> y)) apple
(\x =b> ???
A. apple
B. \y -> apple
C. \x -> apple
D. \y -> y
E. \x -> y
Correct answer: D.
QUIZ
-> x (\x -> x)) apple
(\x =b> ???
A. apple (\x -> x)
B. apple (\apple -> apple)
C. apple (\x -> apple)
D. apple
E. \x -> x
Correct answer: A.
A Tricky One
-> (\y -> x)) y
(\x =b> \y -> y
Is this right?
Something is Fishy
-> (\y -> x)) y
(\x =b> \y -> y
Is this right?
Problem: the free y
in the argument has been captured by \y
!
Solution: make sure that all free variables of the argument are different from the binders in the body.
Capture-Avoiding Substitution
We have to fix our definition of β-reduction:
-> E1) E2 =b> E1[x := E2] (\x
where E1[x := E2]
means
“E1
with all free occurrences of x
replaced with E2
”
E1
with all free occurrences ofx
replaced withE2
, as long as no free variables ofE2
get captured- undefined otherwise
Formally:
:= E'] = E'
x[x := E'] = y -- assuming x /= y
y[x E1 E2)[x := E'] = (E1[x := E']) (E2[x := E'])
(-> E)[x := E'] = \x -> E -- why do we leave `E` alone?
(\x -> E)[x := E']
(\y | not (y in FV(E')) = \y -> E[x := E']
| otherise = undefined -- wait, but what do we do then???
Answer: We leave E
above alone even though it might contain x
,
because in \x -> E
every occurrence of x
is bound by \x
(hence, there are no free occurrences of x
)
Rewrite Rules of Lambda Calculus
- α-step (aka renaming formals)
- β-step (aka function call)
Semantics: α-Renaming
-> E =a> \y -> E[x := y]
\x where not (y in FV(E))
Intuition: we can rename a formal parameter and replace its occurrences in the body
Here
E[x := y]
is capture-avoiding substitutionWe say that
\x -> E
α-steps to\y -> E[x := y]
Example:
-> x =a> \y -> y =a> \z -> z \x
All these expressions are α-equivalent
What’s wrong with these?
-- (A)
-> f x =a> \x -> x x \f
Answer: it violates the side-condition that the new formal (x
) must not occur freely in the body
-- (B)
-> \y -> y) y =a> (\x -> \z -> z) z (\x
Answer: we should only rename within the body of the abstraction; the second y
is a free variable, and hence must remain unchanged
-- (C)
-> (\y -> x y) =a> \y -> (\y -> y y) \x
Answer: the new formal y
does not occur freely in the body, but the substitution is not capture-avoiding
Tricky Example Revisited
-> (\y -> x)) y
(\x =a> (\x -> (\z -> x)) y
=b> \z -> y
To avoid getting confused, you can always rename formals, so that different variables have different names!
Normal Forms
A redex is a λ-term of the form
(\x -> E1) E2
A λ-term is in normal form if it contains no redexes.
QUIZ
Which of the following term are not in normal form (i.e. contains a redex)?
A. x y
B. (\x -> x) y
C. x (\y -> y) z
D. x ((\y -> y) z)
E. B and D
Answer: E
Semantics: Evaluation
A λ-term E
evaluates to E'
if
- There is a sequence of steps
E =?> E_1 =?> ... =?> E_N =?> E'
where each =?>
is either =a>
or =b>
and N >= 0
E'
is in normal form
Examples of Evaluation
-> x) apple
(\x =b> apple
-> f (\x -> x)) (\x -> x)
(\f =b> (\x -> x) (\x -> x)
=b> \x -> x
QUIZ
What does the following term evaluate to?
-> x x) (\x -> x) (\x
A. x
B. (\x -> x) (\x -> x)
C. \x -> x
D. \x -> x x
E. cannot be evaluated
Answer: C
EXERCISE: Non-Terminating Evaluation
Can you come up with term fill_this_in
such that the evaluation of
(\x -> x x) fill_this_in
loops, i.e.:
:
eval loop -> x x) fill_this_in
(\x =b> (\x -> x x) fill_this_in
=b> (\x -> x x) fill_this_in
=b> ...
ELSA: https://elsa.goto.ucsd.edu/index.html
Click here to try this exercise
Non-Terminating Evaluation
-> x x) (\x -> x x)
(\x =b> (\x -> x x) (\x -> x x)
Some programs loop back to themselves…
… and never reduce to a normal form!
This combinator is called Ω
Elsa shortcuts
Named λ-terms:
let ID = \x -> x -- abbreviation for \x -> x
To substitute name with its definition, use a =d>
step:
ID apple
=d> (\x -> x) apple -- expand definition
=b> apple -- beta-reduce
Evaluation:
e1 =*> e2
:e1
reduces toe2
in 0 or more steps- where each step is
=a>
,=b>
, or=d>
- where each step is
e1 =~> e2
:e1
evaluates toe2
ande2
is in normal form
Programming in λ-calculus
Real languages have lots of features
- Booleans
- Records (structs, tuples)
- Numbers
- Functions [we got those]
- Recursion
Lets see how to encode all of these features with the λ-calculus.
λ-calculus: Booleans
How can we encode Boolean values (TRUE
and FALSE
) as functions?
Well, what do we do with a Boolean b
?
Make a binary choice
if b then E1 else E2
Booleans: API
We need to define three functions
let TRUE = ???
let FALSE = ???
let ITE = \b x y -> ??? -- if b then x else y
such that
ITE TRUE apple banana =~> apple
ITE FALSE apple banana =~> banana
(Here, let NAME = E
means NAME
is an abbreviation for E
)
Booleans: Implementation
let TRUE = \x y -> x -- Returns its first argument
let FALSE = \x y -> y -- Returns its second argument
let ITE = \b x y -> b x y -- Applies condition to branches
-- (redundant, but improves readability)
Example: Branches step-by-step
:
eval ite_trueITE TRUE egg ham
=d> (\b x y -> b x y) TRUE egg ham -- expand def ITE
=b> (\x y -> TRUE x y) egg ham -- beta-step
=b> (\y -> TRUE egg y) ham -- beta-step
=b> TRUE egg ham -- expand def TRUE
=d> (\x y -> x) egg ham -- beta-step
=b> (\y -> egg) ham -- beta-step
=b> egg
Example: Branches step-by-step
Now you try it!
:
eval ite_falseITE FALSE egg ham
=d> (\b x y -> b x y) FALSE egg ham -- expand def ITE
=b> (\x y -> FALSE x y) egg ham -- beta-step
=b> (\y -> FALSE egg y) ham -- beta-step
=b> FALSE egg ham -- expand def FALSE
=d> (\x y -> y) egg ham -- beta-step
=b> (\y -> y) ham -- beta-step
=b> ham
EXERCISE: Boolean Operators
ELSA: https://elsa.goto.ucsd.edu/index.html
Click here to try this exercise
Now that we have ITE
it’s easy to define other Boolean operators:
let NOT = \b -> ITE b FALSE TRUE
let AND = \b1 b2 -> ITE b1 b2 FALSE
let OR = \b1 b2 -> ITE b1 TRUE b2
When you are done, you should get the following behavior:
:
eval ex_not_tNOT TRUE =*> FALSE
:
eval ex_not_fNOT FALSE =*> TRUE
:
eval ex_or_ffOR FALSE FALSE =*> FALSE
:
eval ex_or_ftOR FALSE TRUE =*> TRUE
:
eval ex_or_ftOR TRUE FALSE =*> TRUE
:
eval ex_or_ttOR TRUE TRUE =*> TRUE
:
eval ex_and_ffAND FALSE FALSE =*> FALSE
:
eval ex_and_ftAND FALSE TRUE =*> FALSE
:
eval ex_and_ftAND TRUE FALSE =*> FALSE
:
eval ex_and_ttAND TRUE TRUE =*> TRUE
Programming in λ-calculus
- Booleans [done]
- Records (structs, tuples)
- Numbers
- Functions [we got those]
- Recursion
λ-calculus: Records
Let’s start with records with two fields (aka pairs)
What do we do with a pair?
- Pack two items into a pair, then
- Get first item, or
- Get second item.
Pairs : API
We need to define three functions
let PAIR = \x y -> ??? -- Make a pair with elements x and y
-- { fst : x, snd : y }
let FST = \p -> ??? -- Return first element
-- p.fst
let SND = \p -> ??? -- Return second element
-- p.snd
such that
:
eval ex_fstFST (PAIR apple banana) =*> apple
:
eval ex_sndSND (PAIR apple banana) =*> banana
Pairs: Implementation
A pair of x
and y
is just something that lets you pick between x
and y
!
(i.e. a function that takes a boolean and returns either x
or y
)
let PAIR = \x y -> (\b -> ITE b x y)
let FST = \p -> p TRUE -- call w/ TRUE, get first value
let SND = \p -> p FALSE -- call w/ FALSE, get second value
EXERCISE: Triples
How can we implement a record that contains three values?
ELSA: https://goto.ucsd.edu/elsa/index.html
Click here to try this exercise
let TRIPLE = \x y z -> ???
let FST3 = \t -> ???
let SND3 = \t -> ???
let THD3 = \t -> ???
:
eval ex1FST3 (TRIPLE apple banana orange)
=*> apple
:
eval ex2SND3 (TRIPLE apple banana orange)
=*> banana
:
eval ex3THD3 (TRIPLE apple banana orange)
=*> orange
let TRIPLE = \x y z -> PAIR x (PAIR y z)
let FST3 = \t -> FST t
let SND3 = \t -> FST (SND t)
let THD3 = \t -> SND (SND t)
Programming in λ-calculus
- Booleans [done]
- Records (structs, tuples) [done]
- Numbers
- Functions [we got those]
- Recursion
λ-calculus: Numbers
Let’s start with natural numbers (0, 1, 2, …)
What do we do with natural numbers?
- Count:
0
,inc
- Arithmetic:
dec
,+
,-
,*
- Comparisons:
==
,<=
, etc
Natural Numbers: API
We need to define:
- A family of numerals:
ZERO
,ONE
,TWO
,THREE
, …

QUIZ: Church Numerals
Which of these is a reasonable encoding of ZERO
?

A. let MULT = \n m -> n ADD m
B. let MULT = \n m -> n (ADD m) ZERO
C. let MULT = \n m -> m (ADD n) ZERO
D. let MULT = \n m -> n (ADD m ZERO)
E. let MULT = \n m -> (n ADD m) ZERO
Answer: B or C
λ-calculus: Multiplication
-- Call `f` on `x` exactly `n * m` times
let MULT = \n m -> n (ADD m) ZERO
Example:
:
eval two_times_three MULT TWO ONE
=~> TWO
Programming in λ-calculus
- Booleans [done]
- Records (structs, tuples) [done]
- Numbers [done]
- Functions [we got those]
- Recursion
λ-calculus: Recursion
I want to write a function that sums up natural numbers up to n
:
-> ... -- 0 + 1 + 2 + ... + n \n
QUIZ
Is this a correct implementation of SUM
?
let SUM = \n -> ITE (ISZ n)
ZERO
ADD n (SUM (DEC n))) (
A. Yes
B. No
No!
- Named terms in Elsa are just syntactic sugar
- To translate an Elsa term to λ-calculus: replace each name with its definition
-> ITE (ISZ n)
\n ZERO
ADD n (SUM (DEC n))) -- But SUM is not a thing! (
Recursion:
- Inside this function I want to call the same function on
DEC n
Looks like we can’t do recursion, because it requires being able to refer to functions by name, but in λ-calculus functions are anonymous.
Right?
λ-calculus: Recursion
Think again!

The Y combinator
Remember Ω?
-> x x) (\x -> x x)
(\x =b> (\x -> x x) (\x -> x x)
This is self-replicating code! We need something like this but a bit more involved…
The Y combinator discovered by Haskell Curry:
let FIX = \stp -> (\x -> stp (x x)) (\x -> stp (x x))
How does it work?
:
eval fix_stepFIX STEP
=d> (\stp -> (\x -> stp (x x)) (\x -> stp (x x))) STEP
=b> (\x -> STEP (x x)) (\x -> STEP (x x))
=b> STEP ((\x -> STEP (x x)) (\x -> STEP (x x)))
-- ^^^^^^^^^^ this is FIX STEP ^^^^^^^^^^^
That’s all folks!


PyModel is an open-source model-based testing framework in Python.
Usage:
pmv [options] models
A single program that invokes pma, pmg, and Graphviz dot to to perform analysis, generate dot commands, and generate a file of graphics in .svg, .pdf or another format. The pmv program provides brevity and convenience, so analysis and display can be accomplished by a single command. This program accepts all of the command line options and arguments of both pma and pmg, and the -T option of dot (to select the graphics format), then passes the options to the appropriate program.
Options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
Options passed to pma, PyModel analyser:
-a ACTION, --action=ACTION Action to include in generated FSM, as many as needed, if no -a include all actions -e EXCLUDE, --exclude=EXCLUDE Action to exclude from generated FSM, as many as needed -m MAXTRANSITIONS, --maxTransitions=MAXTRANSITIONS Maximum number of transitions to include in the generated FSM, default 100 -o OUTPUT, --output=OUTPUT Output file basename (before the .foo suffix), default isFSM
Options passed to pmg, PyModel graphics:
-l TRANSITIONLABELS, --transitionLabels=TRANSITIONLABELS Transition labels: action, name, or none, default is action -x, --noStateTooltip Omit tooltips from state bubbles (to work around dot svg problem) -y, --noTransitionTooltip Omit tooltips from transition arrows
Options passed to Graphviz dot:
-T FILETYPE, --fileType=FILETYPE Graphics file type (format), default svg


11. BIPs and Forks
BIPs and Forks
After looking at the codebase of any software I always have the same few questions.
- Who is working on building this?
- How are decisions made about any changes in the software?
- Is there anyway for me to get involved in the project?
In this section, we'll start to answer a few of these questions. We'll continue looking at Bitcoin, an open source software that is built engineers that are interested in contributing to the project. Even you can contribute improving this software!
Also, many of these same ideas have been adopted from Bitcoin into other blockchain software so you'll be all set when you move onto their code base.
Bitcoin Improvement Proposals
In the first video, we'll look at what a Bitcoin Improvement Proposal is and how it help make decisions about the codebase.
Bitcoin Improvement Proposals
Resources:
Bitcoin Improvement Proposals
Hardforks
As you just heard, there are different types of forks that can happen based on how a Bitcoin Improvement Proposal is implemented. The different types of forks are hardforks, softforks, and source code forks.
These are all implemented in a similar way, but the outcome can be drastically different depending on which type of fork it is. In the next video, we'll look specifically at a hardfork.
Hardforks
Softforks
Now that we have a better idea of what a hardfork is, we can compare it to other types of forks. In the next video, we'll compare the same attributes of a hardfork to that of a softfork.
Softforks
Source Code Forks
Finally, let's compare softforks and hardforks to a source code fork. These don't have anything to do with blockchains specifically and you may already be pretty familiar with these from using git.
Even if you're familiar with source code forks, it's still interesting to understand how they relate to and differ from both softforks and hardforks. In the next video, we'll go over exactly that to compare how these forks relate to one another.
Source Code Forks
Bitcoin is to Gold as Litecoin is to Silver
In the last video, we covered Litecoin, a source code fork to Bitcoin. This an interesting alternative coin to Bitcoin that we wanted to provide more information on. If you'd like, take some time to read through this information, then check out their code base.
Litecoin was created by Charlie Lee on October 7, 2011. He designed Litecoin with the vision that it would be better suited for smaller, less expensive transactions.
When Bitcoin was created, the longer block times was an added layer of security (wait for 6 confirmations or 6 blocks before the transaction is endorsed) which was perfect for high-end, large transactions such as purchasing a car or laptop, but Lee believed that for smaller transactions it was not necessary. Litecoin could provide a similar service as Bitcoin, but would be was better tailored for smaller, less expensive transactions.
Because of these characteristics, Litecoin is nicknamed the “silver” because silver is more available than the gold standard Bitcoin; it has faster transaction times an its difficulty of the mining algorithm also adjusts more often.
In exploring Litecoin’s (LTC) codebase, you may have noticed that many of its parameters are related to Bitcoin’s by a factor of 4.
For example, the Proof of Work algorithm adjusts in difficulty every 3.5 days in Litecoin versus 14 days in Bitcoin and in the Litecoin network, a new block can be expected about every 2.5 min while in Bitcoin it’s every 10 min.
Additionally, there’s 21 million Bitcoins that can be mined total whereas there’s 4 times that amount of Litecoin, 84 million Litecoins will ever be able to exist in the world.
Litecoin Codebase
Take a look at the Litecoin codebase at github.com/litecoin-project/litecoin. Do you notice any similarities or differences?
Wrap Up
In this section we went over how changes are proposed in blockchains, and how these changes can be implemented as either hardforks, softforks, or source code forks.
This idea of proposals, implementation, and forks applies beyond Bitcoin and is how many blockchains choose to handle the development of their software.


---
layout: post
title: December 24, 2005
categories: []
tags: []
status: publish
type: post
published: true
meta:
_original_post_id: ''
_original_import_author: John Duprey
author:
---
Its December 24, 2005. I still have a couple of presents to purchase. The tree still needs ornaments, it has its lights, and all presents need to be wrapped before we attend tonight's Christmas Eve party at friends. Its all going as planned.. sorta.
View this post on my blog


--- layout: post status: publish published: true title: To err is human - a change of mind author: display_name: Tomas Restrepo login: tomasr email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>url: http://winterdom.com/ author_login: tomasr author_email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>author_url: http://winterdom.com/ wordpress_id: 261 wordpress_url: http://winterdom.com/2005/11/toerrishumanachangeofmind date: '2005-11-07 15:48:35 +0000' date_gmt: '2005-11-07 15:48:35 +0000' categories: - Development tags: [] comments: [] ---
A few months ago, I posted a comment on the Visual Studio 2005 and Team System prices and licensing. I gotta admit now that perhaps I was a little bit rushed about it all.
I've been working for a couple of months now with VSTS and Team Foundation Server ona pilot on one of our projects, and I have to admit: I love it. Team Foundation is extremely nice, the feature set excellent overall (even if there are a few rough edges), and I am throughly convinced this is the way to go (heck, and we are not even using all the feature set yet). That said, I still believe it is fairly expensive product, particularly given my point of view from a different kind of economy (do understand I'm not saying you don't get your bang for the buck, I'm just saying it's a lot of money :)).
Will we use it in our workplace eventually? I can't answer that. I'd like to think so, but it depends a lot on what the licensing is for partners and a few other things (it is not my decision to make, anyway, but I remain hopefull).


--- layout: post title: (im)pureXML ---
Rather than producing a native XML database like eXist or MarkLogic, IBM has chosen to add XML features to DB2, creating an interesting -- and convoluted -- hybrid that IBM has branded "pureXML".
If you've drunk the XML database koolaid, you may be thinking about how going down this path is going to (1) give you a toolchain where web app development becomes a much more declarative process, with better separation of concerns; (2) give you more flexibility than a relational database; (3) fit more naturally with a web-services model; and/or (4) get you moving toward the semantic web.
For me, one of the attractive prospects would be to clean up the process of generating HTML. If the data coming out of your database is already XML, then its not much of a leap to use an XSLT to transform that XML into HTML. Traditional view templating schemes (such as erb) can be a mess, so maybe this world of XML databases offers a cleaner solution.
Architecturally you've got three choices of where to apply an XSL transform -- in the database, in your application server, or in the browser. Each of these has advantages and disadvantages, but as a first pass we've been exploring having DB2 do the job. The results have been somewhat disappointing.
To get DB2 to apply an XSL stylesheet to some XML, you have to use an SQL function called XSLTRANSFORM. The XSL stylesheet has to be provided as the result of an SQL expression, which generally means that it is stored in an XML column in the database. The XML document to be transformed might also come from an XML column, or it might be the result of an XQUERY embedded in the SQL you've been forced to use as the overall structure for this operation. Given this structure it's not surprising that xsl:include declarations are not supported, but this is definitely problematic. Also disappointing is that stylesheets incorporating XQUERY statements are not supported.
A simple example in which the XML to be transformed is coming from the xmldata column in the employees table:
{% highlight sql %} SELECT XSLTRANSFORM(xmldata USING (SELECT xsldata FROM xslts WHERE name = 'employee.xsl')) AS html FROM employees WHERE id = 833038373 {% endhighlight %}It's a little more fun when the source of the XML is an embedded xquery:
{% highlight sql %} SELECT XSLTRANSFORM ( (SELECT XMLCAST(XMLQUERY('$data//Phones' PASSING xmldata AS "data") AS XML) FROM employees WHERE id = 833038373) USING (SELECT xsldata FROM xslts WHERE name = 'phones.xsl')) AS html FROM employees WHERE id = 833038373 {% endhighlight %}It may look a bit strange that the WHERE id = 833038373 clause occurs twice. The second instance could be pretty much anything that returns one row. While many SQL databases will accept a simple "select 1", DB2 insists on a FROM clause, such as "select 1 from employees fetch first 1 rows only". The only really important part of the last line above (i.e. "FROM employees WHERE id = 833038373") is that it return exactly one row.
XSLTRANSFORM isn't the only case where DB2's pureXML forces you to use an unholy mixture of SQL and XQUERY. As IBM explains, "With plain XQuery you can not exploit full-text search capabilities provided by the DB2 Net Search Extender (NSE). You need to involve SQL for full-text search." This means doing something like this:
xquery
<Employees> {
for $e in db2-fn:sqlquery(
"SELECT xmldata FROM EMPLOYEES.EMPLOYEES
WHERE CONTAINS(xmldata,
'SECTION(""/Employee/Info/Address/LocationInfo"") ""madrid"" ') > 0"
)
let $ei := $e/Employee/Info
return
<EmployeeInfo>
{ $ei/Name, <Departments> {$ei/DepartmentInfo/Name} </Departments> }
</EmployeeInfo>
} </Employees>
For clarity, this example has been broken across multiple lines. Don't expect DB2 to be happy with input this easy to read.
This whole business of XQUERY embedded in SQL, and vice versa, can get amazingly messy. We've spent quite a bit of time figuring out how to do quoting and casting in order to keep both sides happy. And although DB2 supports SQL sub-queries within XQUERY, so far we've found it impossible to figure out how to quote SQL sub-queries within an XQUERY that in turn is embedded in SQL, which is necessary if you want to use XSLTRANSFORM on the result of an xquery like the one above.


In the coming months as I put together technical training material, I’ve created a fictitious team that is made up of the following members. I’ve detailed their roles and provided photos of these individuals, that act as NPCs in creating projects for the training material. To add character to the narrative I’ll be discussing these roles as if from the perspective of these NPCs that are filling the particular roles.
Meet…
- She is handling the role of Senior Software Developer for the projects coming up. She’ll be working through the code using pair programming, test driven development, and behavior driven development approaches with the team. She’s a master of algorithms and can think through a problem in remarkably short order. She also has a love affair with math, with scientific methods being icing on the cake.
- She’ll be handling the graphic design, user experience, and related user interface wrangling for the projects. She’ll also be working through the workflow to bring the project collateral into source control and provide top tier interface components for the project. Norda has won more than a few art contests, sketch competitions, and other competitive forms of art creation - a somewhat unique and inspired approach to her work.
- He’ll be handling the data science, data analysis, structure, data diagrams, related design and database tooling that will be implemented. If it’s a relation database, key value store, graph database, geo mapping store, or whatever else might come up, Etart is going to be the key mover for the data aspects of the projects. He’s also a huge fan of high quality suits. If it’s quality, he’s the man who likes to ensure it will be achieved.
- Oi will be handling the wrangling of all us cats working on the project. He’s the project manager and organizer of efforts, but more importantly he’ll be clearing roadblocks and making sure the team can move forward without interruption. Having gotten plenty of things done in the military, he know’s how to get roadblocks removed, nothing like bureaucracy to learn the inroads of road clearing.
- She’s the captain of this ship. She’s complete and total awesomeness. She’ll be commanding and bringing in the business for the project, and making sure company partnerships align right with the projects and the whole host of things that a CEO takes care of.
Adron Well that’s me… I’m not really an NPC, but I’ll of course be playing the part of programmer and puppet master to all of these characters that I’ve created to build out the Thrashing Code Organization (a real and fictitious company).
Project “Wookie Flika“
Project “Coder Swap“
More about this soon, as this series will be covering the team (i.e. the Thrashing Code Team) that I’ve just introduced. So stay tuned, subscribe, follow me on twitter and onward we go. I’ll be looking for people to help out with some parts of this project over time. For example, I’d love to have an Erlang, Go, and related stacks fronting some API end points over time. But more on that as we go… if you’d like to help out though, ping me on twitter or email me and we’ll sync up. Maybe we’ll put together some non-NPCs to build some of this.Cheers!
References:
- NPC - NPC stands for Non-Player Character or Non-Playing Character. An NPC is a character in a RPG, or Role-Playing Game, that the person leading the game controls. Specifically it is any character in the game that the other people playing the game do not control. These other players control their own characters, which are referred to as player characters.
- The index for this and all upcoming articles in this Thrashing Code Projects article series will be available for reference on this page.


The F2837xS Peripheral Driver Library is a set of drivers for accessing the peripherals found on the F2837xS microcontrollers. While they are not drivers in the pure operating system sense (that is, they do not have a common interface and do not connect into a global device driver infrastructure), they do provide a software layer to facilitate a slightly higher level of programming than direct register accesses.
The capabilities and organization of the drivers are governed by the following design goals:
Some consequences of this are that the drivers are not necessarily as efficient as they could be (from a code size and/or execution speed point of view). While the most efficient piece of code for operating a peripheral would be written in assembly and custom tailored to the specific requirements of the application, further size optimizations of the drivers would make them more difficult to understand.
For many applications, the drivers can be used as is. But in some cases, the drivers will have to be enhanced or rewritten in order to meet the functionality, memory, or processing requirements of the application. If so, the existing driver can be used as a reference on how to operate the peripheral.


Cars 2 was released in 2011
John Lasseter was the director
It made 562.1 million USD in the box office
Cars 2 was released in 2011
John Lasseter was the director
It made 562.1 million USD in the box office
This is my first webpage! I was able to code all the HTML and CSS in order to make it. Watch out world of web design here I come!
I can use my skills here to create websites for my business, my friends and family, my C.V, blog or articles. As well as any games or more experiment stuff (which is what the web is really all about).


Demo similar to sparkles.html showing
Stage.autoClear
set to false. Move your mouse and click on the stage. Note that the semi-opaque (alpha=0.25) black rectangle
Shape
is drawn over the existing graphics each frame, fading them back to black.


Hey there! My name is Aziz Mohamed and I'm a 21 year old male based out of beautiful Vancouver, British Columbia. I'm currently self-teaching myself Front-End Web Development through FreeCodeCamp's online curriculum.
Here you'll see my web development portfolio consisting of my personal projects. I am competent and well-versed in HTML5, CSS3, jQuery and Javascript.
My passion is to learn to use technology to help solve real world challenges and help make user experiences go smoothly and seamlessly.


Summary
I was responsible for defining and implementing a new Java EE Architecture for a custom Financial system that was running in Oracle Forms. This include the migration strategy and the re-skilling of the developers.
I was responsible for defining and implementing a new Java EE Architecture for a custom Financial system that was running in Oracle Forms. This include the migration strategy and the re-skilling of the developers.
Defining and implementing a new Architecture for Tranquility (Financial system for the sugar industry) as well as strategies to achieve these goals.


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Hello friends and family! Thank you for all being a part of our special day!
We loved having you there, and we greatly appreciate all of the hard work and effort that made this event possible. Special thanks as well to all of the out of town guests that came, you guys rock!
Thanks so much everybody!
- {{ groom_and_bride }}
Please check your email invitation for ceremony and reception details!
#}If you have any questions don't hesitate to reach out!


Page with Shadow DOMs
Open shadow DOM containers
...with issues
...without issues
Closed shadow DOM containers
...with issues
...without issues


Invest in the future of sharing
If Creative Commons plays a role in how you use the internet or share your work, please consider making a gift to support the organization.
Images: Snowflake / Paulo Volkova / Public domain; Gift / Pham Thi Dieu Linh / CC BY


Guidelines for Students: NAAC (National Assessment and accreditation council) is conducting a Student Satisfaction Survey regarding Teaching – Learning and Evaluation, which will help to upgrade the quality in higher education. A student will have to respond to all the questions given in the following format with her/his sincere effort and thought. Her/his identity will not be revealed.


Layout
Fixed grid no gutters
twelve
six
six
four
four
four
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three
Fluid grid no gutters
twelve
six
six
four
four
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Fixed grid with gutters
twelve
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Fluid grid with gutters
twelve
six
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Aloha is a simple design mock up of an e-commerce site. The site has a clean layout and is easy to use. Along with having a top navigation, respnsive design and rotating carousel it was a very fun first project. Feel free to explore the site by clicking on the picture.
Projects


{% load static i18n %}
Save everything to one place for constant accuracy, and connect from anywhere
Manage your resources, increase your profits, and maximise your business hours
Keep track of every aspect of your business to draw new conclusions that lead to direct profit


Redefining the dignity and value of every little life for the purpose of protecting the health of love and affection.
[{{ message }}]
{{ form.submit(class="btn btn-primary block full-width m-b") }}
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Copyright HealingPaws © 2020


Main class of a ReactESP program.
More...
#include <ReactESP.h>
Main class of a ReactESP program.
Definition at line 247 of file ReactESP.h.
◆ ReactESP()
| reactesp::ReactESP::ReactESP |
( |
bool |
singleton = true | ) |
|
|
inline |
Construct a new ReactESP object.
- Parameters
-
| singleton | If true, set the singleton instance to this object |
Definition at line 260 of file ReactESP.h.
◆ onAvailable()
Create a new StreamReaction.
- Parameters
-
| stream | Arduino Stream object to monitor |
| cb | Callback function |
- Returns
- StreamReaction*
Definition at line 195 of file ReactESP.cpp.
◆ onDelay()
Create a new DelayReaction.
- Parameters
-
| t | Delay, in milliseconds |
| cb | Callback function |
- Returns
- DelayReaction*
Definition at line 169 of file ReactESP.cpp.
◆ onDelayMicros()
Create a new DelayReaction.
- Parameters
-
| t | Delay, in microseconds |
| cb | Callback function |
- Returns
- DelayReaction*
Definition at line 175 of file ReactESP.cpp.
◆ onInterrupt()
Create a new ISRReaction (interrupt reaction)
- Parameters
-
| pin_number | GPIO pin number |
| mode | One of CHANGE, RISING, FALLING |
| cb | Interrupt handler to call. This should be a very simple function, ideally setting a flag variable or incrementing a counter. The function should be defined with ICACHE_RAM_ATTR. |
- Returns
- ISRReaction*
Definition at line 201 of file ReactESP.cpp.
◆ onRepeat()
Create a new RepeatReaction.
- Parameters
-
| t | Interval, in milliseconds |
| cb | Callback function |
- Returns
- RepeatReaction*
Definition at line 182 of file ReactESP.cpp.
◆ onRepeatMicros()
Create a new RepeatReaction.
- Parameters
-
| t | Interval, in microseconds |
| cb | Callback function |
- Returns
- RepeatReaction*
Definition at line 188 of file ReactESP.cpp.
◆ onTick()
Create a new TickReaction.
- Parameters
-
| cb | Callback function to be called at every loop execution |
- Returns
- TickReaction*
Definition at line 208 of file ReactESP.cpp.
◆ remove()
| void reactesp::ReactESP::remove |
( |
Reaction * |
reaction | ) |
|
Remove a reaction from the list of active reactions.
- Parameters
-
Definition at line 214 of file ReactESP.cpp.
◆ tick()
| void reactesp::ReactESP::tick |
( |
void |
| ) |
|
◆ ISRReaction
◆ Reaction
◆ RepeatReaction
◆ TimedReaction
◆ UntimedReaction
◆ app
| ReactESP * reactesp::ReactESP::app = NULL |
|
static |
Static singleton reference to the instantiated ReactESP object.
Definition at line 268 of file ReactESP.h.
The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:


Tim Jones
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Master's degrees in math and physics
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I tutor math from Geometry (including Euclidean proofs) and Algebra 2 until the graduate level (through differential equations), and all high school and undergraduate physics.
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This message is triggered by a click event.
This message is controlled by open
variable.
This message is only triggered by hovering or focusing on the InputGroup.
This message is only triggered by focusing inside the textarea. The message box placement is also changed.
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- Lifelong Impact of Adoption.
- https://www.childwelfare.gov/topics/adoption/adopt-people/impact/
- Impact of Adoption on Adopted Persons.
- https://www.childwelfare.gov/pubPDFs/f_adimpact.pdf#page=1&view=Introduction
- The Impact of Placement Stability on Behavioral Well-being for Children in Foster Care. David M. Rubin, Amanda L.R. O’Reilly, Xianqun Luan, A. Russell Localio.
- http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/119/2/336.short
- US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, The Physical & Mental Health of Children in Foster Care.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3684722/
- Child Welfare Information Gateway. Supporting Youth Transitioning Out of Foster Care.
- https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/file/opre/chafee_education_brief_final_to_opre_012015.pdf
- Institute for Research on Poverty. What We Know About the Effects of Foster Care.
- https://www.irp.wisc.edu/publications/focus/pdfs/foc142g.pdf
- Adoption and the effect on children’s development, Dana E.Johnson.
- https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378378202000178
- Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System #24 | October 2017
- Child Welfare Outcomes 2009-2012 Report to Congress


Source code for pyqtgraph.graphicsItems.UIGraphicsItem
from ..Qt import QtGui, QtCore, USE_PYSIDE
import weakref
from .GraphicsObject import GraphicsObject
if not USE_PYSIDE:
import sip
__all__ = ['UIGraphicsItem']
[docs]class UIGraphicsItem(GraphicsObject):
"""
Base class for graphics items with boundaries relative to a GraphicsView or ViewBox.
The purpose of this class is to allow the creation of GraphicsItems which live inside
a scalable view, but whose boundaries will always stay fixed relative to the view's boundaries.
For example: GridItem, InfiniteLine
The view can be specified on initialization or it can be automatically detected when the item is painted.
NOTE: Only the item's boundingRect is affected; the item is not transformed in any way. Use viewRangeChanged
to respond to changes in the view.
"""
#sigViewChanged = QtCore.Signal(object) ## emitted whenever the viewport coords have changed
[docs] def __init__(self, bounds=None, parent=None):
"""
============== =============================================================================
**Arguments:**
bounds QRectF with coordinates relative to view box. The default is QRectF(0,0,1,1),
which means the item will have the same bounds as the view.
============== =============================================================================
"""
GraphicsObject.__init__(self, parent)
self.setFlag(self.ItemSendsScenePositionChanges)
if bounds is None:
self._bounds = QtCore.QRectF(0, 0, 1, 1)
else:
self._bounds = bounds
self._boundingRect = None
self._updateView()
def paint(self, *args):
## check for a new view object every time we paint.
#self.updateView()
pass
def itemChange(self, change, value):
ret = GraphicsObject.itemChange(self, change, value)
## workaround for pyqt bug:
## http://www.riverbankcomputing.com/pipermail/pyqt/2012-August/031818.html
if not USE_PYSIDE and change == self.ItemParentChange and isinstance(ret, QtGui.QGraphicsItem):
ret = sip.cast(ret, QtGui.QGraphicsItem)
if change == self.ItemScenePositionHasChanged:
self.setNewBounds()
return ret
#def updateView(self):
### called to see whether this item has a new view to connect to
### check for this item's current viewbox or view widget
#view = self.getViewBox()
#if view is None:
##print " no view"
#return
#if self._connectedView is not None and view is self._connectedView():
##print " already have view", view
#return
### disconnect from previous view
#if self._connectedView is not None:
#cv = self._connectedView()
#if cv is not None:
##print "disconnect:", self
#cv.sigRangeChanged.disconnect(self.viewRangeChanged)
### connect to new view
##print "connect:", self
#view.sigRangeChanged.connect(self.viewRangeChanged)
#self._connectedView = weakref.ref(view)
#self.setNewBounds()
def boundingRect(self):
if self._boundingRect is None:
br = self.viewRect()
if br is None:
return QtCore.QRectF()
else:
self._boundingRect = br
return QtCore.QRectF(self._boundingRect)
[docs] def dataBounds(self, axis, frac=1.0, orthoRange=None):
"""Called by ViewBox for determining the auto-range bounds.
By default, UIGraphicsItems are excluded from autoRange."""
return None
[docs] def viewRangeChanged(self):
"""Called when the view widget/viewbox is resized/rescaled"""
self.setNewBounds()
self.update()
[docs] def setNewBounds(self):
"""Update the item's bounding rect to match the viewport"""
self._boundingRect = None ## invalidate bounding rect, regenerate later if needed.
self.prepareGeometryChange()
def setPos(self, *args):
GraphicsObject.setPos(self, *args)
self.setNewBounds()
[docs] def mouseShape(self):
"""Return the shape of this item after expanding by 2 pixels"""
shape = self.shape()
ds = self.mapToDevice(shape)
stroker = QtGui.QPainterPathStroker()
stroker.setWidh(2)
ds2 = stroker.createStroke(ds).united(ds)
return self.mapFromDevice(ds2)


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|---|---|---|---|
| {{#if showCoupon}} {{/if}} | |||
| {{name}} | {{#equal user 'anon'}}✓{{/equal}} | {{#equal user 'anon'}}✓{{/equal}} {{#equal user 'free'}}✓{{/equal}} | {{#equal user 'anon'}}✓{{/equal}} {{#equal user 'free'}}✓{{/equal}} {{#equal user 'pro'}}✓{{/equal}} |
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Error While Generating {{CardType}}. Error Code = {{returnCode}}.
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Security key through which this batch would be encrypted. It is only taken in the GUI and NOT stored anywhere.
If PIN Mask = nn********nn Then<PHONE_NUMBER> would be stored as 12******90.


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User Stories:
- I can pass a URL as a parameter and I will receive a shortened URL in the JSON response.
- If I pass an invalid URL that doesn't follow the valid http://www.example.com format, the JSON response will contain an error instead.
- When I visit that shortened URL, it will redirect me to my original link.
In the address bar, type https://lb-url-shortener.herokuapp.com/new/<your url here>
*Note: Make sure your URL has the form http://www.example.com
https://lb-url-shortener.herokuapp.com/new/http://foo.com:80
You should see your new shortened URL output on the screen along with the original URL it will redirect to.
{
"Original URL": "http://foo.com:80",
"Shortened URL": "https://lb-url-shortener.herokuapp.com/1003"
}
Simply copy the shortened URL from the last step into the address bar.
https://lb-url-shortener.herokuapp.com/1003
will redirect to:
http://foo.com:80


Introduction
I am Alex Ball, and I make programs work. My strengths include building back-end functionality and databases. I have worked on several projects that are now in use, including websites, a Unity game, and a mobile app for car enthusiasts. My experience with Agile and pair programming will help me as I work on many different projects and collaborate with other teams. I seek to become a senior developer, learn about new technologies, and improve everything I work on. I would love an opportunity to send you my resume.
My Projects
GRC Tech Domain Password Reset Portal
This project by team Organized Anarchy will allow GRC students to reset their Active Directory password so they can log onto GRC Tech domain computers without having to contact an instructor. This project involved work with Active Directory, SSH between Redhat Enterprise (Linux) and Windows Server 2012 VMs, and a front-end interface for students to interact with.
Swift Quiz App
In Spring 2016 I developed a small quiz app to gain experience developing on Mac computers. I worked using XCode to create a game in which you are asked 3 randomly selected questions, after which you are shown your score.
Galaxia Remastered Unity Game
Galaxia Remastered is a sequel to a game by Typhon Pacific Studios. It was developed using Unity in C# and was intended to expand upon the original game by allowing customizable ship parts. Over Spring quarter in 2016 we completed one level with two ships, but due to time constraints the customization features were left unfinished. The game can be downloaded from a public Google Drive folder by clicking the link below.
Meteor UNO Website
This project involved working with a MEAN stack framework, Meteor.js. The website allowed two users to play the card game UNO in a browser without any page refreshing required. It worked using a drag-and-drop system and MongoDB to manipulate cards. The game required 2 players to play.
WISE Intake Form
This website was created for Washington Integrated Sector Employment (WISE). WISE uses this website for student applications and to view student responses via an administrator view. This multipage form allows students to submit application information to a datbase. The student responses can be downloaded in CSV form from the secure administrator page to be exported elsewhere.
Green River College ESOL Word Card Website
Built by team Organized Anarchy, this website is intended to provide ESOL students with a resource for making flash cards online. This responsive website will even work on mobile devices so that you can practice with your flash cards anywhere that you have an internet connection.


{{Infobox prepared food | name = Pită de Pecica | image = | caption = | alternate_name = | country = Romania | region = Arad County | creator = | course = | type = Bread | served = | main_ingredient = | variations = | calories = | other = }}
Pită de Pecica<ref>{{ro}}Pita de Pecica, de pe vremea dacilor, produs traditional cu patalama de la UE, 26 October 2009, eco magazin, 3 March 2012</ref> is a Romanian round bread, roasted directly on hearth, specific from the town of Pecica in Arad County.
From 1980 to 1989, Pită de Pecica arrived daily on the table of dictator Nicolae Ceaușescu, who was impressed by its taste. It was transported by jet plane daily from Arad airport to the capital.<ref name="cp2011-07-09">{{ro}}Pâinea preferată a lui Ceaușescu intră în Europa, 27 October 2010, Vlad Odobescu, evz.ro, 9 July 2011</ref>
Pită de Pecica has been submitted for a protected designation of origin (PDO) by European Union.
{{Reflist}}
{{Cuisine of Romania}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pita de Pecica}}