Whenever someone in fiction presses a button, how hard they press always determines the effect. For some reason, you can make something work better just by pressing the appropriate button harder, or by pressing it multiple times, even though there's absolutely no reason this would work in real life.
This uses similar logic to Tim Taylor Technology and is the buttony version of Percussive Maintenance.
Examples:
open/close all folders
Anime & Manga
- In one episode of Battle of the Planets the guy pounds the firing button with his fist, full strength. The missile practically explodes its way out of the launcher.
- Subverted in the filler Bount arc for Bleach. During a fight in a hospital, one of the characters does the elevator button variation. The mod souls point out that that's not going to make it go any faster, but Kurodo cheerfully tells him to keep pressing if it makes him happy.
- Tengen Toppa Gurren Lagann has a kind of psycho Gonk called Attenborough who appears to be in charge of using the giant mechs' cannons. He never does any aiming or anything, mind you. And he often acts so rash that he puts the whole team in danger. Presumably he's only in this position because he pushes those buttons very enthusiastically, and really damn hard.
Comic Books
- In Gold Digger, defunct 1970's super hero team the Wonder Friends had a base full of hi-tech vehicles based on the Thunderbirds. The old members, now part of Agency Zero, still have access to them, and they still work... but the on-board AIs will only oblige to work if they are approached dramatically. Just pushing the launch button won't do. You have to SLAM it down while saying a battle cry!
Film — Animated
- Wall E
- The Big Bad pushes a button to turn off the Holo-Detector and lower it back into the floor, but WALLE holds it up. So, the Big Bad takes out an electric prod and pushes the button with that, and the Holo-Detector lowers faster and overpowers WALLE.
- Also averted earlier in the movie, when WALLE, trapped in an escape pod about to blow up, presses the button for self-destruct to try and turn it off, then repeatedly presses it.
Literature
- Averted in the Isaac Asimov short story Risk, in which an experimental hyperdrive failed to work because the robot at the controls, having been ordered to pull the activation lever "firmly", pulled it so hard that it bent out of shape.
- Early on in Sentou Yousei Yukikaze, after Rei detonates a missile at close range to destroy an unidentified aircraft, the canopy is shredded, the Guy in Back bails out, and Yukikaze goes into an out-of-control spiral that he cannot recover from. It takes several harrowing seconds before Rei realizes the cause of the spiral is because he has lost all feeling in his right arm due to shrapnel from the explosion, and he was unconsciously pressing down way too hard on the pressure-sensitive touchpad flight controls.
Live Action TV
- From the old HBO Not Necessarily The News, "Sniglets" section:
Elecceleration: The mistaken belief that repeatedly pressing the elevator button will make it go faster.
- The elevator example appears in the Hancock's Half Hour TV episode "The Lift".
- Busted by the Mythbusters (elevator one).
- From Stargate Atlantis, the last season, where an abandoned ship that autonomously travels through parallel universes carrying the heroes meets a universe full of hostile aliens, facing them to attack. Needless to say, Ronan is jamming on the rail gun button, then Sheppard says,"Take it easy, Chewy."
Video Games
- Every button on the PS2 controller worked like this. Metal Gear Solid 2 and Metal Gear Solid 3 were practically the only games that did anything with it, though. If you push the fire button and let go, you shoot, but if you push the button and lightly let go, you'll holster your gun without firing a shot. It was tricky as hell.
- When the first game was remade for the Gamecube with mostly PS2 controls, they got around the Gamecube controller not having pressure sensitive buttons by having you press Y, then A, in succession to holster your weapon.
- Also, another Kojima game, Zone of the Enders, had a weapon that made use of the pressure-sensitive PS2 buttons. A light push would result in a wide-angle, point-blank spray, while a hard one would increase the range from "melee" to merely "short" with a narrower spread.
- The superior sequel, Zone of the Enders 2: The Second Runner, made more use of it.

- Throttle is modulated by the X button, and main brakes are modulated via square. Handbrake and reverse (circle and triangle, respectively) are not pressure-sensitive. Same story for all shoulder buttons.
- Likewise for some other racing/driving games (eg GTA).
- Want to talk tricky? Squaresoft's 3D beat-em-up The Bouncer differentiated between light and heavy presses of the four attack buttons, and this was a critical part of the fighting system. Good luck to you if you're the kind of player who mashes buttons—or even just presses down hard—when things get intense.
- The rhythm game Mad Maestro relies on this. Notes are color-coded based on how lightly or hardly you have to jam on the button, which also affects the volume of the music.
- The original Japanese version, Bravo Music, had a special baton peripheral that made this much easier.
- All in all, the idea was Awesome, but Impractical due to being so difficult to get the hang of, and the feature was eventually dropped for the Playstation 4.
- The Nintendo Gamecube had touch sensitive shoulder buttons, with another button at the very bottom of each the buttons.
- Luigi's Mansion used this function to control the Poltergust, pressing the button hard increased suction power, and pressing it all the way down makes Luigi stationary.
- The same functionality was used in Super Mario Sunshine with the water pack F.L.U.D.D., where a light press will have the nozzle spray directly in front of Mario and he can move around, and a hard press will make him stationary but allow him to maneuver the nozzle freely.
- Super Smash Bros. Melee also used this function. The shoulder buttons were used for shielding: lightly pushing the button made a larger but more translucent, and likely weaker, shield; pushing the button harder made the shield more compact as well as more durable and opaque.
- The Nintendo GameCube installments of the Rogue Squadron series mapped the accelerator to the right trigger. Clicking the button underneath would (depending on your craft) either trigger a rechargeable booster, or close your S-foils (giving you increased speed but disabling your weapons). To accelerate to max speed normally, you would need to hold down the trigger without pressing the button underneath.
- Luigi's Mansion used this function to control the Poltergust, pressing the button hard increased suction power, and pressing it all the way down makes Luigi stationary.
- And of course, the Xbox controllers (both original and 360) are loaded with pressure sensitive buttons. Not many games use them though, as the large shoulder triggers are more intuitive for that sort of thing.
- In The Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind, when using the white/black buttons to raise/lower price offers with vendors, how hard you push them determines how fast the figure changes.
- Dead or Alive Extreme Beach Volleyball made good use of the face buttons's pressure sensitivity if enabled by the player. The harder you press, the stronger the girls spiked/served the ball. (If the feature was disabled, the A and B buttons were the "strong" buttons while the X and Y buttons were the "weak" buttons, similar to a fighting game's button layout).
- Likewise, the Nintendo DS touch screen can tell between a light and a hard press.
- In the Metroid Prime: Hunters demo (First Hunt), light presses on the menu screen options would give tooltips, while harder presses would actually select things.
- Some games don't register light presses at all, forcing you to stab the screen with the stylus and pray you're not damaging it.
- Rhythm Heaven deserves a special mention here, as it can have you hold the stylus on the screen and flick. It also tells the difference between light and hard taps. Moai Doo Wop especially. It has you using light and hard taps within the same game.
- The earliest incarnation of the Street Fighter 1 arcade cabinets used giant pressure sensitive buttons for Punch and Kick rather than the traditional six-button setup used today. After kids and angry/enthusiastic patrons destroyed the hydraulic pumps that operated the buttons via furious mashing did Capcom realize this setup was not a very good idea.
- Interestingly enough, the idea was reused for the EO versions of Capcom vs. SNK 2. The strengths of punches and kicks are determined by the pressure exerted on the L and R buttons in an attempt to simplify the controls for the Nintendo GameCube and Xbox.
- The difficult-but-rewarding "Second-Stage Quickboost" tactic in Armored Core 4/for Answer relies on the 360/PS3's pressure sensitive buttons. Specifically, pressing the quickboost button ordinarily will unleash the ordinary burst. However, by pressing the button to the point such that it almost activates, and then activating it with a light pressure will trigger this. Quick Boost is intended to be an emergency get-out-of-the-way burst of speed; properly applied, Second Stage boosting can and will outrun enemies using their supposedly faster Overed Boost.
Web Comics
- In Bob and George the time travel suit is controlled by one button on the belt buckle. You have to practically type out a command in Morse Code with it to actually do anything. The duration and pressure of the press is important.
- Taken Up to Eleven in the April 19, 2005 strip, by way of a character's prank. "Then maybe if I turn the button another 47.5 degrees, caress the button and tell it what a good little button I think it is... Then I'll turn the button 63.2 degrees with my left hand, sneeze on it lightly, and push it all the way down again." It works.
- Immediately lampshaded. "Sheesh Dr. Light, It's only one button."
- Taken Up to Eleven in the April 19, 2005 strip, by way of a character's prank. "Then maybe if I turn the button another 47.5 degrees, caress the button and tell it what a good little button I think it is... Then I'll turn the button 63.2 degrees with my left hand, sneeze on it lightly, and push it all the way down again." It works.
Real Life
- Truth in Television. A common way of expressing frustration. Say you're in a hurry and you're trying to cross the street, and you pushed the button to cross, but the crosswalk light isn't changing. It's not uncommon in this circumstance to futilely press the button over and over.  People playing fighting games start mashing the buttons harder as they get more desperate, even when it's just an ordinary digital button and they're only destroying the controller.
- Sometimes, buttons that have become worn or dirty do need a second attempt with a bit more force in order to close the contact, which is why elevator controls and the like usually light up and/or sound a tone to signal the fact that they've been activated.
- All British pedestrian crossings have an indicator which lights when the button is pressed (on older versions, it's an illuminated WAIT sign, and on newer versions a red light). People still press the button repeatedly.
- Irish crossings have the light too. But sometimes no light means "no signal" and a light means "signal received"; sometimes it's dim light: no signal, bright light: signal received; and sometimes it's permanently a dim light. So people press it over anyway.
- Some crosswalks at intersections that have been converted back to pure timer operation have their buttons disconnected, and pressing does nothing. People are already used to waiting, so nobody notices any difference.
- On at least one computer system, pressing buttons repeatedly will make it realize that you're impatient, and it will speed up. The system was designed to give programs that interacted with the user a higher priority than background processes that didn't. Pressing random keys during a long calculation would make it treat the task as interactive, so the calculation finished sooner.
- A lot of PC GUI applications scroll this way. If you drag to select text or pixels, and your pointer leaves the scrollable part of the window, the will slowly start to scroll. Some apps scroll faster if the user moves the mouse because they scroll one unit per "event", and the mouse sends an event every time it has moved one or more pixels since the display was last updated.
- Some poorly-written applications on old cooperative multi-tasked computers would do their processing only in response to OS messages. Meaning, the processing would go faster if you wiggled the mouse, or slammed on the keyboard, or otherwise did something to make the OS send more messages than usual. This could happen in Mac Classic applications, and 16-bit Windows applications.
- Some car remotes do react to multiple presses, for instance 3 presses of "lock" will start the engine.
- "Close door" lift buttons are a special case.
- If the lift is not in operator mode, the button has no effect. The lift doors don't close any quicker, but you feel as if you're in control.
- If the lift is in operator mode (which requires a key), the buttons give you total control. The doors remain open until you select a floor or close them. You can even override the doors and leave them open as you travel.
- This is actually a function in many graphics programs (like Photoshop) when using a tablet: The stylus is pressure sensitive, and the mark you create is either bigger or more opaque —or both— depending on how hard you press down (and the "brush" you're using). You can even adjust your pressure on the fly, so you can make a thick-to-thin line, or a transparent-to-opaque brush stroke.
- Notes played on the piano are louder when the keys are pressed hard, and quieter when they are pressed more lightly. This is a great improvement over earlier instruments such as the harpsichord. This sensitivity is also built in to modern electric keyboards.


What are three new things you have learned about yourself and your ego as a result of the core learning?
I have realised that I am not good at tryinng to work hard through tasks the I really dont like, I believe in myself that I can do the work its just when I comes down to it im not good at getting it done and I look at my self as know not much about programming but I beleve I have a good knowledge and understand even prior to joining the course.
What has surprised you the most about the core learning?
The it most quite important and I loved ging through it and learning more about core skills and myself.
What were the most challenging aspects of the core learning?
Reflecting on myself an having to think about me as a person and my strengths and weakness that I have no learning and as a person.
Why do you think we, a programming school, are spending so much time focusing on core learning in a web development bootcamp course?
Becasue it is very important to have a good mindset on not only the work but on your self on what your stengths and weaknessess are so that you can complete the work with comfidence in your abilities.
Does the time you spent studying core learning here feel like a waste of time? Should you have just used that time to practicing programming instead? Justify your answer.
It doesnt feel like a waste of time becasue it helped my strengthen my mindset and be able to reflect on my abilities and how I am as a person.


catch
clauses
which catch inappropriate exceptions. Some exceptions, for instance
java.lang.NullPointerException
and
java.lang.IllegalMonitorStateException
represent programming errors
and so should almost certainly not be caught in production code.
Example:
try { return component.getMousePosition(true) != null; } catch (NullPointerException e) { // warning: Prohibited exception 'NullPointerException' caught return false; }
Use the list below to specify which exceptions should be flagged by this inspection.


Package udel.GardenProject.garden
Class Session
- java.lang.Object
-
- udel.GardenProject.garden.Session
-
- All Implemented Interfaces:
java.io.Serializable
public class Session extends java.lang.Object implements java.io.Serializable
Holds all the critical user-state information so that a.gardenproject
file can be easily loaded in and out without much delay.
Isolated so that it can be saved and loaded easily.
All attributes should be adequately javadoc'd for future reference.
NOTE: All attributes should be initialized to a default value, either in their attribute or the Session constructor.- Version:
- 1.0
- Author:
- Team 0
- See Also:
- Serialized Form
-
-
Field Summary
Fields Modifier and Type Field Description java.util.ArrayList<PlotObjects>
selectedPlotObjects
Plot Objects the user wants to appear in the PlotDesign left column.
-
Constructor Summary
Constructors Constructor Description Session()
Constructor.
-
Method Summary
All Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods Modifier and Type Method Description java.util.ArrayList<PlotObject>
getBluePrintPlot()
Get the bluePrintPlot arraylist which contains all the plotObject in the blueprint.java.util.HashSet<Colors>
getColorsUserSelected()
Gets the user's selected Colors from Q8 of the questionnairejava.util.HashSet<Plant>
getExistingPlants()
A place for all the plants that were selected by the user from the Existing Plants Screen.int
getID()
Getter.java.lang.String
getLastSavedFilepath()
Getter.int
getLengthOfUserPlot()
Gets the user's info of plot length from Q2 in QuestionnaireMoisture
getMoistureOfPlot()
Gets moisture of the users plant from Questionnairejava.util.ArrayList<PlotObject>
getPlot()
Get the plot arraylist which contains all the plotObject in the plot design.java.lang.String
getPlotName()
Gets the name of the plot from Q1 in Questionnairejava.lang.String
getSaveOption()
Getter.Seasons
getSeasonInput()
Gets the Season selected from the user from Season Viewjava.util.ArrayList<Seasons>
getSeasonsUserSelected()
Gets the seasons selected from Questionnairejava.util.HashSet<Plant>
getSelectedPlants()
Getter.java.util.ArrayList<PlotObjects>
getSelectedPlotObjects()
Getter.SoilTypes
getSoilTypeOfPlot()
Gets the soil type for the user's plotSunlight
getSunlightOfPlot()
Getst the sunlight of the user's plotGardenView
getViewInput()
Gets the type of view the user wants to seeint
getWidthOfUserPlot()
Gets the width of the user's plotYear
getYearInput()
Getter.boolean
isUnsaved()
Getter.void
setColorsUserWants(java.util.HashSet<Colors> color)
Sets the colors the user chose in Q8 of the Questionnairevoid
setLastSavedFilepath(java.lang.String lastSavedFilepath)
Setter.void
setLengthOfUserPlot(int w)
Sets the length of the user's plot to what the user types in Q2 of Questionnairevoid
setMoistureOfPlot(Moisture m)
Sets the moisture of the user's plot according to Q4 in Questionnairevoid
setPlot(java.util.ArrayList<PlotObject> plot)
void
setPlotName(java.lang.String plotName)
Sets the name of the plot from Questionnaire to send to session and be used in file choosingvoid
setSaveOption(java.lang.String so)
Setter.void
setSeasonInput(Seasons chooseSeason)
Sets the season to the user's choice from the toggle in Season Viewvoid
setSeasonsUserSelected(java.util.ArrayList<Seasons> season)
Sets all the seasons the user has selected from Q7 of the Questionnairevoid
setSoilTypeOfPlot(SoilTypes st)
Sets the soil type of the user's plot as their answer in Q5 of Questionnairevoid
setSunlightOfPlot(Sunlight sun)
Sets the sunlight of the user's plot as per Q6 of the Questionnairevoid
setViewInput(GardenView v)
Sets the type of view the user wants to seevoid
setWidthOfUserPlot(int w)
Sets the width of the user's plot from Q2 of Questionnairevoid
setYearInput(Year y)
Sets the amount of time gone by from the start of the user's garden in years
-
-
-
Field Detail
-
selectedPlotObjects
public java.util.ArrayList<PlotObjects> selectedPlotObjects
Plot Objects the user wants to appear in the PlotDesign left column.
-
-
Method Detail
-
getID
public int getID()
Getter.- Returns:
- Session's unique ID.
-
getSelectedPlotObjects
public java.util.ArrayList<PlotObjects> getSelectedPlotObjects()
Getter.- Returns:
- PlotObjects the user selected to be in their plot.
-
isUnsaved
public boolean isUnsaved()
Getter. If any setter has been called by any other class, this boolean automatically becomes true. It does not become true if any getter (including for any of the complex objects like ArrayLists or otherwise are called.) Helpful for knowing if to indicate to the user that they should save their unsaved work.- Returns:
- True if this session has unsaved work, false if not.
-
getLastSavedFilepath
public java.lang.String getLastSavedFilepath()
Getter.- Returns:
- Full file path to where this session was last saved to.
-
setLastSavedFilepath
public void setLastSavedFilepath(java.lang.String lastSavedFilepath)
Setter.- Parameters:
lastSavedFilepath
- Full file path to where this session was last saved to.
-
getPlotName
public java.lang.String getPlotName()
Gets the name of the plot from Q1 in Questionnaire- Returns:
-
setPlotName
public void setPlotName(java.lang.String plotName)
Sets the name of the plot from Questionnaire to send to session and be used in file choosing- Parameters:
plotName
- The name entered in the TextField in Q1 of Questionnaire
-
getPlot
public java.util.ArrayList<PlotObject> getPlot()
Get the plot arraylist which contains all the plotObject in the plot design.- Returns:
- plot
-
getBluePrintPlot
public java.util.ArrayList<PlotObject> getBluePrintPlot()
Get the bluePrintPlot arraylist which contains all the plotObject in the blueprint.- Returns:
- bluePrintPlot
-
setPlot
public void setPlot(java.util.ArrayList<PlotObject> plot)
-
setWidthOfUserPlot
public void setWidthOfUserPlot(int w)
Sets the width of the user's plot from Q2 of Questionnaire- Parameters:
w
-
-
getWidthOfUserPlot
public int getWidthOfUserPlot()
Gets the width of the user's plot- Returns:
- width of user's plot in feet
-
setLengthOfUserPlot
public void setLengthOfUserPlot(int w)
Sets the length of the user's plot to what the user types in Q2 of Questionnaire- Parameters:
w
-
-
getLengthOfUserPlot
public int getLengthOfUserPlot()
Gets the user's info of plot length from Q2 in Questionnaire- Returns:
- length of user's plot in feet
-
getMoistureOfPlot
public Moisture getMoistureOfPlot()
Gets moisture of the users plant from Questionnaire- Returns:
-
setMoistureOfPlot
public void setMoistureOfPlot(Moisture m)
Sets the moisture of the user's plot according to Q4 in Questionnaire- Parameters:
m
- Text chosen from the drop down in Questionnaire
-
getSoilTypeOfPlot
public SoilTypes getSoilTypeOfPlot()
Gets the soil type for the user's plot- Returns:
- String of the soil type
-
setSoilTypeOfPlot
public void setSoilTypeOfPlot(SoilTypes st)
Sets the soil type of the user's plot as their answer in Q5 of Questionnaire- Parameters:
st
- The String input from Questionnaire
-
getSunlightOfPlot
public Sunlight getSunlightOfPlot()
Getst the sunlight of the user's plot- Returns:
- The string input of the users plot
-
setSunlightOfPlot
public void setSunlightOfPlot(Sunlight sun)
Sets the sunlight of the user's plot as per Q6 of the Questionnaire- Parameters:
sun
- String input from the Questionnaire
-
setSeasonsUserSelected
public void setSeasonsUserSelected(java.util.ArrayList<Seasons> season)
Sets all the seasons the user has selected from Q7 of the Questionnaire- Parameters:
season
- Arraylist of selected seasons from the checkboxes in Questionnaire
-
getSeasonsUserSelected
public java.util.ArrayList<Seasons> getSeasonsUserSelected()
Gets the seasons selected from Questionnaire- Returns:
- An ArrayList of Seasons
-
setColorsUserWants
public void setColorsUserWants(java.util.HashSet<Colors> color)
Sets the colors the user chose in Q8 of the Questionnaire- Parameters:
color
- An ArrayList of Colors (colors from the Colors Enum)
-
getColorsUserSelected
public java.util.HashSet<Colors> getColorsUserSelected()
Gets the user's selected Colors from Q8 of the questionnaire- Returns:
- An ArrayList of Colors
-
getSeasonInput
public Seasons getSeasonInput()
Gets the Season selected from the user from Season View- Returns:
- the Season selected
-
setSeasonInput
public void setSeasonInput(Seasons chooseSeason)
Sets the season to the user's choice from the toggle in Season View- Parameters:
chooseSeason
- The season chosen from the Toggle Button
-
getYearInput
public Year getYearInput()
Getter.- Returns:
- The amount of time gone from the start of the user's garden
-
setYearInput
public void setYearInput(Year y)
Sets the amount of time gone by from the start of the user's garden in years- Parameters:
y
- Year from the toggles in SeasonView
-
getViewInput
public GardenView getViewInput()
Gets the type of view the user wants to see- Returns:
- A string for the type of view
-
setViewInput
public void setViewInput(GardenView v)
Sets the type of view the user wants to see- Parameters:
v
- View type from the toggles in SeasonView
-
getSaveOption
public java.lang.String getSaveOption()
Getter.- Returns:
- What type of saving method does the user want to use.
-
setSaveOption
public void setSaveOption(java.lang.String so)
Setter.- Parameters:
so
- What type of saving method does the user want to use.
-
getExistingPlants
public java.util.HashSet<Plant> getExistingPlants()
A place for all the plants that were selected by the user from the Existing Plants Screen.- Returns:
- HashSet of Existing Plants.
-
getSelectedPlants
public java.util.HashSet<Plant> getSelectedPlants()
Getter.- Returns:
- HashSet of Selected Plants.
-
-


Horse racing tips: Best bets for Friday at Catterick, Ascot, Ffos Las and Newcastle
The best bets and tips including double, NAP and next bests
by Irishmirror.ieThere are four horse racing meetings to get stuck into on Friday.
There's action at Catterick, Ascot, Ffos Las and Newcastle - and our man Newsboy has scoured the form to bring you the best bets and tips.
With some favourites and a few better value bets, as well as a more ambitious daily double, there is plenty to interest the punters.
We've also got the NAP and Next Best bet - have a look and see what tickles your interest, but please remember to always gamble responsibly.
Footpad began his season with a bang to earn a quote of 8-1 for the Ryanair Chase at Cheltenham in March, writes David Yates .
The Willie Mullins seven-year-old was a perfect five from five as a novice chase during the 2017-18 campaign - but last term was a damp squib with defeats in all three starts.
Sent off at 4-5 for the two-mile, six-furlong Listed Boomerang.ie Chase at Thurles, Daryl Jacob’s mount strolled home by 10 lengths.
“It is lovely to see the horse back on the racetrack and he had plenty of enthusiasm and jumped and travelled very, very well,” enthused the winning rider.
“It's a great starting point for him and he never missed a beat the whole way around.
“Today's trip wasn't a problem for him and ideally going a little bit quicker early doors would have suited him, but he is nice and fresh and it was good to see a performance like that this early in the year.
“It was mission accomplished today,” added Jacob, whose mount is 12-1 with Paddy Power for the King George VI Chase at Kempton Park on Boxing Day.
Hollie Doyle became the third female jockey to rack up 100 winners in a calendar year when Perfect Crown made a victorious debut at Chelmsford City yesterday.
CATTERICK BRIDGE
12.15 TAKINGITALLIN
12.45 STORMBAY BOMBER
1.20 SCORCHED EARTH
1.50 FORECAST
2.25 SHANROE
3.00 VERY FIRST TIME
3.30 MISSTREE SONG
ASCOT
1.00 BIRCHDALE
1.30 IGOR
2.05 GLORY AND FORTUNE
2.40 DIDERO VALLIS
3.15 ORCHARDSTOWN CROSS
3.45 RED FORCE ONE (NAP)
FFOS LAS
1.10 ONURBIKE
1.40 COLLEGE OAK
2.15 LEROY BROWN
2.50 BENI LIGHT
3.25 ORIENTAL CROSS
3.55 TIMETOROE
NEWCASTLE
3.30 HASSAAD
4.00 ANJAH
4.30 GOWANBUSTER
5.00 PERFECT SWISS (NB)
5.30 CASTLEHILL RETREAT
6.00 JOYFUL STAR
6.30 RHOSSILI DAWN
7.00 KENNY THE CAPTAIN
DOUBLE: RED FORCE ONE and PERFECT SWISS
RED FORCE ONE gets a confident vote to atone for a narrow defeat over course and distance 10 days ago with a victory in the concluding Rewarding Ownership With The ROA Handicap Hurdle (3.45).
The Paul Nicholls four-year-old went under by a neck to all-the-way scorer Gumball - the winner ran a cracker when second in the Greatwood Hurdle last Sunday - and a 4lb rise in the weights for that run looks within range.


Fruit For Sale
Total Available Cash: $
100
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Current Price $3.00
Current Price $3.00
Current Price $3.00
Current Price $3.00
Average Price $
Average Price $
Average Price $
Average Price $
Apple Count:
Orange Count:
Banana Count:
Grape Count:


First Project Part 1
Fill in the blanks and your future will be foretold.

Your future profession?
What's your future pet?


I'm Ziqi Xu. I'm currently studying at Northeastern University - SV campus towards my Master's degree in Computer Science. Before I entered Northeastern University, I was born and raised in China.
I chose the data engineering track during my undergraduate study. So the courses that I've taken are more concentrated in the areas related to data engineering while I still took all the core courses, such as Computer System and Design Paradigm. I'm very interested in machine learning, especially computer vision, so I spent most of my efforts on that during these years.
Courses: Machine Learning, Convex Optimization, Database System, Operating System, Computer Network, etc.
During my master's study, I've shifted some of my efforts from machine learning to software development. I realized that there are a lot of things to learn in software design and software development, and there are a lot of opportunities in this area.
Courses: Algorithms, Computer System, Data Mining Techniques, etc.
Contributed as a core developer to a brand new metric dashboard for real-time service availability at different levels built with Spring Boot and monitoring tools such as Wavefront and Splunk. Established and implemented a machine learning model for anomaly detection of service availability metrics.
Created a RESTful chatbot service with a machine learning kernel built with attention mechanism. Contributed to the investigation of OCR technologies and delivered an OCR service in the company's internal software system.


Failed Jobs (Last 1000)
| Job Type | Exception type | Exception text | Exception backtrace |
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| No failed jobs. |
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| $job.getJobType() | $job.getExceptionType() | $job.getExceptionText() | $job.getExceptionBacktrace() |
| No failed jobs. |


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block page_title %} Search results {% endblock %} {% block content %} {% include version + "/includes/org-banner.html" %} Manage your education and skills funding View national funding formula (NFF) for schools Find a school or academy Search results {% if searchScope == 'Primary' %} Results updated, now showing 1 to 6 of 6 schools Search results {% if searchTerm == 'abbey' or searchTerm == 'paging' or searchTerm == 'show filter search' %} Filter by local authority Filter by local authority Search within this filter Clear Birmingham (1) Buckinghamshire (1) Calderdale (1) Cambridgeshire (1) Coventry (1) Cumbria (1) Darlington (2) Dorset (2) Gloucestershire (2) Hampshire (3) Hertfordshire (1) Lancashire (1) Leicester (1) Lincolnshire (2) Liverpool (1) Manchester (1) Medway (1) Merton (1) Milton Keynes (1) North Yorkshire (2) Northamptonshire (3) Northumberland (1) Nottinghamshire (4) Oxfordshire (1) Rotherham (1) Sandwell (2) Sheffield (2) Stoke-on-Trent (2) Surrey (1) Sutton (1) Swindon (2) Walsall (1) Warwickshire (1) Worcestershire (3) Update results Clear filters Search results Showing 1 to 25 of 52 documents {% if noFilterResults %} No results found. Use the filters to refine your search again. {% else %} Searching on 'abbey' we found 52 schools. Did you mean: {% if paginationRequired %} {% if page1 %} Abbey Catholic Primary School (Birmingham, B23 6QL) Abbey CofE Academy (Daventry, NN11 4GD) Abbey CofE Infant School (Nuneaton, CV11 5EL) Abbey Court Foundation Special School (Rochester, ME2 3SP) Abbey Gates Primary School (Nottingham, NG15 9BN) Abbey Hey Primary Academy (Manchester, M18 8PF) Abbey Hill Primary & Nursery (Nottingham, NG17 7NZ) Abbey Hill School and College (Stoke-On-Trent, ST3 5PP) Abbey Hulton Primary School (Stoke-on-Trent, ST2 8BS) Abbey Infant School (Smethwick, B67 5LR) Abbey Infants' School (Darlington, DL3 8JA) Abbey Junior School (Darlington, DL3 8NN) Abbey Junior School (Smethwick, B67 5LT) Abbey Lane Primary School (Sheffield, S8 0BN) Abbey Meadows Primary School (Cambridge, CB5 8ND) Abbey Meads Community Primary School (Swindon, SN25 4GY) Abbey Meads Community Primary School (Swindon, SN25 4GY) Abbey Park Academy (Halifax, HX2 9DG) Abbey Park First and Nursery School (Pershore, WR10 1DF) Abbey Park Middle School (Pershore, WR10 1DF) Abbey Primary Community School (Leicester, LE4 5HH) Abbey Primary School (Mansfield, NG19 0AB) Abbey Primary School (Morden, SM4 6NY) Abbey Primary School (Walsall, WS3 2RP) Abbey Road Primary School (Nottingham, NG2 5ND) {% elif page2 %} Abbey School (Rotherham, S61 2RA) Abbey Village Primary School (Chorley, PR6 8DD) Abbey Woods Academy (Wallingford, OX10 7LZ) Abbeyfield Primary Academy (Sheffield, S3 9AN) Abbeyfields First School (Morpeth, NE61 2LZ) Abbeymead Primary School (Gloucester, GL4 5YS) Abbeys Primary School (Milton Keynes, MK3 6PS) Abbeywood First School (Redditch, B98 9LR) Bourne Abbey Church of England Primary Academy (Bourne, PE10 9EP) Childwall Abbey School (Liverpool, L16 5EY) Haydon Abbey School and Pre-School (Aylesbury, HP19 9NS) Holm Cultram Abbey CofE School (Wigton, CA7 4RU) Lincoln Monks Abbey Primary School (Lincoln, LN2 5PF) Merton Abbey Primary School (London, SW19 2JY) Netley Abbey Infant School (Southampton, SO31 5EL) Netley Abbey Junior School (Southampton, SO31 5EL) Romsey Abbey Church of England Primary School (Romsey, SO51 8EP) Rosedale Abbey Community Primary School (Pickering, YO18 8SA) Selby Abbey Church of England Voluntary Controlled Primary School (Selby, YO8 4QB) Sherborne Abbey Church of England Voluntary Controlled Primary School (Sherborne, DT9 6AQ) The Abbey Church of England Voluntary Aided Primary School, St Albans (St Albans, AL1 1DQ) The Abbey CofE VA Primary School, Shaftesbury (Shaftesbury, SP7 8HQ) The Abbey Primary School (Northampton, NN4 8AZ) The Abbey Primary School (Northampton, NN4 8AZ) Waverley Abbey CofE Junior School (Farnham, GU10 2AE) {% elif page3 %} Whitley Abbey Primary School (Coventry, CV3 4DE) Winchcombe Abbey Church of England Primary School (Cheltenham, GL54 5PZ) {% endif %} {% else %} Abbey Catholic Primary School (Birmingham, B23 6QL) Abbey CofE Academy (Daventry, NN11 4GD) Abbey CofE Infant School (Nuneaton, CV11 5EL) Abbey Court Foundation Special School (Rochester, ME2 3SP) Abbey Gates Primary School (Nottingham, NG15 9BN) Abbey Hey Primary Academy (Manchester, M18 8PF) Abbey Hill Primary & Nursery (Nottingham, NG17 7NZ) Abbey Hill School and College (Stoke-On-Trent, ST3 5PP) Abbey Hulton Primary School (Stoke-on-Trent, ST2 8BS) Abbey Infant School (Smethwick, B67 5LR) Abbey Infants' School (Darlington, DL3 8JA) Abbey Junior School (Darlington, DL3 8NN) Abbey Junior School (Smethwick, B67 5LT) Abbey Lane Primary School (Sheffield, S8 0BN) Abbey Meadows Primary School (Cambridge, CB5 8ND) Abbey Meads Community Primary School (Swindon, SN25 4GY) Abbey Meads Community Primary School (Swindon, SN25 4GY) Abbey Park Academy (Halifax, HX2 9DG) Abbey Park First and Nursery School (Pershore, WR10 1DF) Abbey Park Middle School (Pershore, WR10 1DF) Abbey Primary Community School (Leicester, LE4 5HH) Abbey Primary School (Mansfield, NG19 0AB) Abbey Primary School (Morden, SM4 6NY) Abbey Primary School (Walsall, WS3 2RP) Abbey Road Primary School (Nottingham, NG2 5ND) Abbey School (Rotherham, S61 2RA) Abbey Village Primary School (Chorley, PR6 8DD) Abbey Woods Academy (Wallingford, OX10 7LZ) Abbeyfield Primary Academy (Sheffield, S3 9AN) Abbeyfields First School (Morpeth, NE61 2LZ) Abbeymead Primary School (Gloucester, GL4 5YS) Abbeys Primary School (Milton Keynes, MK3 6PS) Abbeywood First School (Redditch, B98 9LR) Bourne Abbey Church of England Primary Academy (Bourne, PE10 9EP) Childwall Abbey School (Liverpool, L16 5EY) Haydon Abbey School and Pre-School (Aylesbury, HP19 9NS) Holm Cultram Abbey CofE School (Wigton, CA7 4RU) Lincoln Monks Abbey Primary School (Lincoln, LN2 5PF) Merton Abbey Primary School (London, SW19 2JY) Netley Abbey Infant School (Southampton, SO31 5EL) Netley Abbey Junior School (Southampton, SO31 5EL) Romsey Abbey Church of England Primary School (Romsey, SO51 8EP) Rosedale Abbey Community Primary School (Pickering, YO18 8SA) Selby Abbey Church of England Voluntary Controlled Primary School (Selby, YO8 4QB) Sherborne Abbey Church of England Voluntary Controlled Primary School (Sherborne, DT9 6AQ) The Abbey Church of England Voluntary Aided Primary School, St Albans (St Albans, AL1 1DQ) The Abbey CofE VA Primary School, Shaftesbury (Shaftesbury, SP7 8HQ) The Abbey Primary School (Northampton, NN4 8AZ) The Abbey Primary School (Northampton, NN4 8AZ) Waverley Abbey CofE Junior School (Farnham, GU10 2AE) Whitley Abbey Primary School (Coventry, CV3 4DE) Winchcombe Abbey Church of England Primary School (Cheltenham, GL54 5PZ) {% endif %} Abbey Catholic Primary School (Birmingham, B23 6QL) Abbey CofE Academy (Daventry, NN11 4GD) Abbey CofE Infant School (Nuneaton, CV11 5EL) Abbey Court Foundation Special School (Rochester, ME2 3SP) Abbey Gates Primary School (Nottingham, NG15 9BN) Abbey Hey Primary Academy (Manchester, M18 8PF) Abbey Hill Primary & Nursery (Nottingham, NG17 7NZ) Abbey Hill School and College (Stoke-On-Trent, ST3 5PP) Abbey Hulton Primary School (Stoke-on-Trent, ST2 8BS) Abbey Infant School (Smethwick, B67 5LR) Abbey Infants' School (Darlington, DL3 8JA) Abbey Junior School (Darlington, DL3 8NN) Abbey Junior School (Smethwick, B67 5LT) Abbey Lane Primary School (Sheffield, S8 0BN) Abbey Meadows Primary School (Cambridge, CB5 8ND) Abbey Meads Community Primary School (Swindon, SN25 4GY) Abbey Meads Community Primary School (Swindon, SN25 4GY) Abbey Park Academy (Halifax, HX2 9DG) Abbey Park First and Nursery School (Pershore, WR10 1DF) Abbey Park Middle School (Pershore, WR10 1DF) Abbey Primary Community School (Leicester, LE4 5HH) Abbey Primary School (Mansfield, NG19 0AB) Abbey Primary School (Morden, SM4 6NY) Abbey Primary School (Walsall, WS3 2RP) Abbey Road Primary School (Nottingham, NG2 5ND) Abbey School (Rotherham, S61 2RA) Abbey Village Primary School (Chorley, PR6 8DD) Abbey Woods Academy (Wallingford, OX10 7LZ) Abbeyfield Primary Academy (Sheffield, S3 9AN) Abbeyfields First School (Morpeth, NE61 2LZ) Abbeymead Primary School (Gloucester, GL4 5YS) Abbeys Primary School (Milton Keynes, MK3 6PS) Abbeywood First School (Redditch, B98 9LR) Bourne Abbey Church of England Primary Academy (Bourne, PE10 9EP) Childwall Abbey School (Liverpool, L16 5EY) Haydon Abbey School and Pre-School (Aylesbury, HP19 9NS) Holm Cultram Abbey CofE School (Wigton, CA7 4RU) Lincoln Monks Abbey Primary School (Lincoln, LN2 5PF) Merton Abbey Primary School (London, SW19 2JY) Netley Abbey Infant School (Southampton, SO31 5EL) Netley Abbey Junior School (Southampton, SO31 5EL) Romsey Abbey Church of England Primary School (Romsey, SO51 8EP) Rosedale Abbey Community Primary School (Pickering, YO18 8SA) Selby Abbey Church of England Voluntary Controlled Primary School (Selby, YO8 4QB) Sherborne Abbey Church of England Voluntary Controlled Primary School (Sherborne, DT9 6AQ) The Abbey Church of England Voluntary Aided Primary School, St Albans (St Albans, AL1 1DQ) The Abbey CofE VA Primary School, Shaftesbury (Shaftesbury, SP7 8HQ) The Abbey Primary School (Northampton, NN4 8AZ) The Abbey Primary School (Northampton, NN4 8AZ) Waverley Abbey CofE Junior School (Farnham, GU10 2AE) Whitley Abbey Primary School (Coventry, CV3 4DE) Winchcombe Abbey Church of England Primary School (Cheltenham, GL54 5PZ) {% if paginationRequired %} {% if page1 %} 1 Page 2 of 3 Page 3 of 3 Next page Showing 1 to 25 of 52 documents {% elif page2 %} Previous page Page 1 of 3 2 Page 3 of 3 Next page Showing 26 to 50 of 52 documents {% elif page3 %} Previous page Page 1 of 3 Page 2 of 3 3 Showing 51 to 52 of 52 documents {% endif %} {% else %} Showing 1 to 25 of 52 documents {% endif %} Previous Next Back to top {% endif %} {% include version + "/includes/support.html" %} {% else %} Filter by local authority Filter by local authority Camden (1) Update results Clear filters Search results Showing 1 to 1 of 1 documents Searching on the search input we found 1 school. Did you mean: St Mary's Kilburn Church of England Primary School (London, NW6 4PG) {% include version + "/includes/support.html" %} {% endif %} {% elif searchScope == 'MAT' %} Search results Searching on 'rose' we found 2 multi-academy trusts. Did you mean: The Rosedale Hewens Academy Trust White Rose Academies Trust {% elif searchScope == 'LA' %} Search results Searching for 'ca' we found 7 local authorities. Did you mean: Calderdale Cambridgeshire Camden Doncaster Lancashire Newcastle upon Tyne Redcar and Cleveland {% else %} Results updated, now showing 1 to 6 of 6 schools Search results Filter by local authority Filter by local authority Brent (2) Camden (1) Derbyshire (3) Update results Clear filters Search results Showing 1 to 6 of 6 documents Searching on 'kilburn' we found 6 schools. Did you mean: Kilburn Grange School (London, NW6 7UJ) Kilburn Infant and Nursery School (Belper, DE56 0LA) Kilburn Junior School (Belper, DE56 0LA) Kilburn Junior School (Belper, DE56 0LA) St Mary's Kilburn Church of England Primary School (London, NW6 4PG) The Kilburn Park School Foundation (London, NW6 5RG) {% include version + "/includes/support.html" %} {% endif %} {% endblock %}
No results found. Use the filters to refine your search again.
Searching on 'abbey' we found 52 schools. Did you mean:
Searching on the search input we found 1 school. Did you mean:
Searching on 'rose' we found 2 multi-academy trusts. Did you mean:
Searching for 'ca' we found 7 local authorities. Did you mean:
Searching on 'kilburn' we found 6 schools. Did you mean:


{% extends 'base.html' %} {% block scripts %} {{ super() }} {% endblock %} {% block title %}Pi Relay Controller{% endblock %} {% block page_content %}
Use the buttons below to set/toggle the status of the relay board's relays. You can set a specific relay on or off by tapping the On and Off buttons for a particular relay. The Toggle button flips the status of the selected relay. The All On and All Off buttons set all of the relays simultaneously.
| Relay {{ i_channel }} |
|
|---|---|
| All |
|
You should hear the relays click as they're activated; if you don't, it's probably not working.
This relay supports a rest api. Turn on/off or toggle a channel with a GET request to


A user in the server.
More...
Inherited by Nakama.ApiUser.
|
| string | AppleId [get] |
| | The Apple Sign In ID in the user's account.
|
| |
| string | AvatarUrl [get] |
| | A URL for an avatar image.
|
| |
| string | CreateTime [get] |
| | The UNIX time when the user was created.
|
| |
| string | DisplayName [get] |
| | The display name of the user.
|
| |
| int | EdgeCount [get] |
| | Number of related edges to this user.
|
| |
| string | FacebookId [get] |
| | The Facebook id in the user's account.
|
| |
| string | FacebookInstantGameId [get] |
| | The Facebook Instant Game ID in the user's account.
|
| |
| string | GamecenterId [get] |
| | The Apple Game Center in of the user's account.
|
| |
| string | GoogleId [get] |
| | The Google id in the user's account.
|
| |
| string | Id [get] |
| | The id of the user's account.
|
| |
| string | LangTag [get] |
| | The language expected to be a tag which follows the BCP-47 spec.
|
| |
| string | Location [get] |
| | The location set by the user.
|
| |
| string | Metadata [get] |
| | Additional information stored as a JSON object.
|
| |
| bool | Online [get] |
| | Indicates whether the user is currently online.
|
| |
| string | SteamId [get] |
| | The Steam id in the user's account.
|
| |
| string | Timezone [get] |
| | The timezone set by the user.
|
| |
| string | UpdateTime [get] |
| | The UNIX time when the user was last updated.
|
| |
| string | Username [get] |
| | The username of the user's account.
|
| |
◆ AppleId
| string Nakama.IApiUser.AppleId |
|
get |
The Apple Sign In ID in the user's account.
◆ AvatarUrl
| string Nakama.IApiUser.AvatarUrl |
|
get |
A URL for an avatar image.
◆ CreateTime
| string Nakama.IApiUser.CreateTime |
|
get |
The UNIX time when the user was created.
◆ DisplayName
| string Nakama.IApiUser.DisplayName |
|
get |
The display name of the user.
◆ EdgeCount
| int Nakama.IApiUser.EdgeCount |
|
get |
Number of related edges to this user.
◆ FacebookId
| string Nakama.IApiUser.FacebookId |
|
get |
The Facebook id in the user's account.
◆ FacebookInstantGameId
| string Nakama.IApiUser.FacebookInstantGameId |
|
get |
The Facebook Instant Game ID in the user's account.
◆ GamecenterId
| string Nakama.IApiUser.GamecenterId |
|
get |
The Apple Game Center in of the user's account.
◆ GoogleId
| string Nakama.IApiUser.GoogleId |
|
get |
The Google id in the user's account.
◆ Id
| string Nakama.IApiUser.Id |
|
get |
The id of the user's account.
◆ LangTag
| string Nakama.IApiUser.LangTag |
|
get |
The language expected to be a tag which follows the BCP-47 spec.
◆ Location
| string Nakama.IApiUser.Location |
|
get |
The location set by the user.
◆ Metadata
| string Nakama.IApiUser.Metadata |
|
get |
Additional information stored as a JSON object.
◆ Online
| bool Nakama.IApiUser.Online |
|
get |
Indicates whether the user is currently online.
◆ SteamId
| string Nakama.IApiUser.SteamId |
|
get |
The Steam id in the user's account.
◆ Timezone
| string Nakama.IApiUser.Timezone |
|
get |
The timezone set by the user.
◆ UpdateTime
| string Nakama.IApiUser.UpdateTime |
|
get |
The UNIX time when the user was last updated.
◆ Username
| string Nakama.IApiUser.Username |
|
get |
The username of the user's account.
The documentation for this interface was generated from the following file:


| Overview | Module | Use | Devguide | Index |
| Constants | Constants' Details |
|
|||
|
| Constants | |
| SUCCESS | the property has been successfully set or retrieved. |
| UNKNOWN_PROPERTY | the property is not available. |
| ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT | the value used with the property is not valid. |
| PROPERTY_VETO | the property could not be changed at that time. |
| WRAPPED_TARGET | a ::com::sun::star::lang::WrappedTargetException did occur. |
| UNKNOWN_FAILURE | the operation failed and the reason is not known. |
| Constants' Details | |
SUCCESS
|
|
UNKNOWN_PROPERTY
|
|
ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT
|
|
PROPERTY_VETO
|
|
WRAPPED_TARGET
|
|
UNKNOWN_FAILURE
|
Copyright © 2013, The Apache Software Foundation, Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. Apache, the Apache feather logo, Apache OpenOffice and OpenOffice.org are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.


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BEFORE THE NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL (WESTERN ZONE) BENCH, PUNE APPLICATION No. 34/2013 (WZ) CORAM: 1. Hon'ble Shri Justice V.R. Kingaonkar (Judicial Member) 2. Hon'ble Dr. Ajay A. Deshpande (Expert Member) B E T W E E N: TARUN PATEL Plot No.171, Opp. Rofel MBA Collage GIDC, Vapi-396195. ....Applicant AND 1. THE CHAIRMAN, GUJARAT POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD Through its Member Secretary, ParyavaranBhavan, Sector 10-A, Gandhinagar 382043, 2. THE CHAIRMAN, GUJARAT INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION UdyogBhavan, Block No.4,2nd Floor, Sector-11, Gandhinagar-382017 1 (J) Appln. No. 34 of 2013 3. The Chairman, Central Pollution Control Board Parivesh Bhavan, CBD-cum-Office Complex, East Arjun Nagar,Delhi -110032 4. The Chairman, Vapi Waste & Effluent Management Co. Ltd. VIA House, Plot No.135 GIDC,Vapi-396195 5. The President, Vapi Industries Association, VIA House, Plot No.135, GIDC, Vapi-396195. .........Respondents Counsel for Applicant Mr. Debojit Borkakali, Counsel for Respondent(s): Mr. Viral K. Shah for Respondent No.1, Mr.Swapnil Tourikar for Respondent No.3. Date : April 1st, 2014 J U D G M E N T
1. The Applicant has challenged the decision of Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB), through this Application filed under Section 14 of the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010, for the prescribed COD standards of 1000 mg/lt for the Small Scale Industries (SSI), which are members of the Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) at Vapi, Gujarat.
2(J) Appln. No. 34 of 2013
2. The Applicant is an entrepreneur and submits that SSI plays an important role in the economy of the country and the growth of SSI units has been actively promoted by the Govt. of India to ensure balanced economic growth and to distribute benefits of industrial development in an equitable manner. The Applicant further submits that Vapi Industrial Estate was started by Gujarat Industrial Development Corporation (GIDC), Respondent No.2, in 1967 and is spread over 11.4 sq.kms. It is further pleaded that the Govt. of India has introduced a scheme of Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) in 1991 and further devised a scheme to provide financial assistance for installation of Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP), in organized industrial areas. This scheme was an innovative technical and financial support scheme to ensure industrial growth in an environmentally compatible manner. The scheme envisages the provisions of CETP for SSI industries through liberal financial assistance from the Central and State Governments.
3. It is further stated that Hon'ble Gujarat High Court in the matter of "Vapi Industrial Association Vs State of Gujarat,in Civil Application No.7780 of 1996, in Spl. Civil Application No.6926 of 1994" vide order dated 27th February, 1997 has already directed the units at Vapi, which have no secondary treatment plant and have not become the members of CETP, shall close their units by March 13, 1997. The Applicant, therefore, submits that it is duty of GPCB- Respondent No.1, to ensure that the units have necessary effluent treatment plant, so as to meet with the norms and also, that they operate the same continuously and efficiently. The Vapi CETP operated by the Respondent-4 accepts industrial effluent from Member industries for the purpose of 3 (J) Appln. No. 34 of 2013 further secondary/tertiary treatment, so as to ensure that effluent is ultimately discharged fully complying with the disposal parameters prescribed by the GPCB and so the units having inadequate treatment facilities and discharging untreated effluent into CETP shall not be permitted by GPCB to carry out manufacturing activities.
4. The Applicant submits that CETP scheme was developed primarily for SSI industries and as per the standards defined under the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, effluent standards for SSI, i.e. total discharge up to 25 KL/Day, have been prescribed which do not include Bio-chemical oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical oxygen Demand (COD) parameters. Similarly, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) parameter is not also specified. However, all these three (3) parameters have been stipulated in the treated effluent quality of CETP through these standards. It is, therefore, claimed by the Applicant that SSI industries, which are presently defined as units whose capital cost of Building and Machinery is valued at less than Rs.5 crores and which also, generate industrial effluent less than 25 kl per day, are not required by Law to treat their effluent to achieve certain BOD/COD/TDS standards. The Applicant submits that GPCB has stipulated a uniform effluent quality standard for all types of industries i.e. large, medium and small as BOD < 400 mg/lt and COD < 1000mg/lt. The Applicant submits that small scale industries are not in a position either financially or technically to provide secondary or any further treatment after primary treatment to achieve these stringent additional standards. And as far as large and medium scale industries are concerned, they are allowed to join CETP only for hydraulic load at CETP and not for the purpose of giving further treatment in CETP. It is the case of the Applicant that the specified inlet 4 (J) Appln. No. 34 of 2013 standards of CETP are applicable only to SSI units and as far as treated effluent quality of large and medium scale industries are concerned, the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, have specified several specific effluent standards and also the general standards for the treated effluents. These standards are specific standards and will be applicable for large and medium scale industries.
5. The Applicant further submits that performance of CETP at Vapi, is not satisfactory since long and GPCB as well as Vapi Industries Association, have been taking several steps to improve the performance, however, in the process effluent standards for the small scale industries are being made more and more stringent, making it difficult, both technically as well as financially, for SSI industries to achieve the standard, which is hampering their growth and even existence. It is further submitted that non-compliance of CETP, is resulting into harsher actions by GPCB against defaulting units, either by way of closure or forfeiture of bank guarantee as a penal measure and therefore, it is pleaded by the Applicant that arbitrary parameters set out by the Respondent No.1- Board for SSI units situated at Vapi Industrial area are in violation of law. The major prayers of the Applicant are as under:
"a. Issue direction to modify the parameter of quality of discharge effluent to COD Present 1000 to 7,000 & BOD to 2000 at Vapi where discharge of effluent o; SSI units having less than 25 kl/Day.
b. Issue direction to the Respondent No.1 by making it mandatory to approach this Hon'ble Tribunal to t r y a n y offence punishable under the Act.
5(J) Appln. No. 34 of 2013 c. Issue direction to constitute a committee comprising) Executive Chief Officer (Environment) of GIDC, i i ) Nominee of GPCB not below the rank of Head of Department and iii) Member of the Association running t h e CETP and make mandatory for t h e Committee 10 submit a report to GIDC and GPCB indicating which large scale and/or medium scale u n i t s should discharge t h e i r treated e f f l u e n t i nto CETP or in some other place to be authorized by GPCB as a discharge area for such units."
6. The Applicant has also prayed for following in his Application:
i. Discharge of effluent of SSI units having less than 25 kl/Day, Parameter of quality of effluent may be modified to COD Present 1000 to 10,000 & BOD to 2000.
ii. The GPCB has no power/jurisdiction to impose pollution cost or direct the Appellant to furnish a Bank Guarantee as penal measure. Necessary directions be issued to GPCB in this matter, to make it mandatory for GPCB to approach appropriate Court to try any offence punishable under the Act.
iii. Large and Medium Scale COD limit be made stringent from 1000 to 250 and BOD 100 as required by the Environment Act.
7. The Respondent No.3 i.e. CPCB filed affidavit through Mr. Ajay Agarwal, Scientist-D, wherein, it is submitted that there is continuous non-compliance of standards by the CETP at Vapi, which is fact on record. The Respondent No.3, further submits that minimum national effluent standards for CETP have been 6 (J) Appln. No. 34 of 2013 prescribed as per Schedule-I, of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986. The note attached to the standards states that these standards apply to SSIs, i.e. total discharge up to 25 KL/D and that for each CETP and its constituent units the State Board will prescribe standards as per local needs and conditions, which can be more stringent. It is further submitted that minimum national effluent standards for CETP, primarily prescribe limits only for pH and toxic parameters, therefore, CETP specific primary treatment limits for other parameters like BOD, COD and TDS, have to be defined and prescribed based on the design and capacity of CETP at the local level by the state boards.
8. The Respondent No.1, i.e. GPCB filed the affidavit through Tushar Shah, on 19th December, 2013. The Respondent No.1, submits that the Applicant has prayed for modification of parameters for discharge of effluents, which is not at all possible, as they are requesting for discretionary treatment. It further mentions that there are separate parameters for bank guarantee. It is submitted that Vapi CETP is one of the biggest waste water treatment plant in India and it was designed by the National Environmental Engineering and Research Institute (NEERI) in 1997.
9. Somewhere in 1997, Vapi Industrial Association took charge of CETP from GIDC and constituted a company named Vapi Waste Water Effluent Management Company Ltd. (VWWEMCL), to look after the management and administration of CETP. GPCB further submits that the said CETP was designed for 55 MLD and subsequently some domestic waste water from the residential area was also diverted to the CETP and as of now 52 to 55 MLD of industrial effluent released by the member units located in the industrial estate is 7 (J) Appln. No. 34 of 2013 drifted/sent to the CETP through 93 km long underground pipeline network. GPCB further submits that CETP receives partially treated waste water from its 725 member industries situated in Vapi Industrial estate and all the industries having waste water discharge are the members of CETP.
10. GPCB further submits that each member industry of the CETP has to provide adequate treatment facilities to meet with CETP inlet norms and all the industries located in GIDC Vapi, are discharging waste water into the underground drainage line, after treatment and after achieving inlet norms. GPCB further submits that there is no separate drainage line for disposal of waste water of small, medium and large scale industries. GPCB puts on record that inlet norms given to all industries in Vapi industrial area are BOD-400 mg/Lt, COD-1000 ml/Lt. SS-300 mg/Lt and pH-6.5 to 8.5. It is also submitted by GPCB that though, earlier CETP inlet was generally having COD of 1700 mg/Lt. which has now come down to about 1200 mg/Lt due to various actions taken by GPCB, which has also resulted in improving treated effluent quality of CETP from COD 700 mg/Lt to around 450 mg/Lt against the prescribed standards of COD < 250 mg/Lt.
11. GPCB further submits that there is no separate drainage line for disposal of SSI and for medium and for large scale industries and CETP was designed, considering BOD 400 mg/Lt and COD 1000 mg/Lt and CETP was designed and constructed for all the industries in GIDC Vapi. GPCB has further submitted that it is taking actions against non-complying units irrespective of large, medium and small scale industries to ensure that CETP outlet is as per desired quality. GPCB, therefore, resisted the Application, and sought dismissal thereof.
8(J) Appln. No. 34 of 2013
12. Respondent No.4, filed affidavit through Shri. Rajesh Doshi, CEO. The Respondent submitted that they have taken over the charge of CETP from GIDC, after it's commissioning in 1997 and present Respondents are responsible for taking care of all the aspects of operation and maintenance of CETP. It is submitted that CETP is designed to treat partially treated effluent collected from all industrial units in GIDC industrial estate, through GIDC owned drainage network. Presently, approximately 677 (0 to 50 KL/542 units, 51-500 kl:108 units and above 500 kl :27 units) out of 723 registered member units are discharging effluent into CETP. Treated effluent from CETP is discharged into tidal zone of river 'Daman- Ganga' which flows at a distance of 300m from CETP, before joining Arabian Sea.
13. The Respondent No.4, further submits that all through the area of GIDC, common drainage network, is provided to discharge effluent, so it will be difficult to monitor whether proper treatment to the effluent is provided by the individual industry or not. Moreover, there is no individual water meter (discharge reading) or isolation valve, installed at the discharge end of the industry. It is further mentioned that the Respondent No.4, accepts all the discharge from all the industries and as such, there are no internal segregation of pipeline, which can differentiate effluent of small, medium or large scale industries and treat each one separately. It is further submitted that all the member industries have already agreed to discharge effluent of maximum 1000 mg/Lt. of COD after considering the norms set out by the regulatory Authorities and also design of CETP. It is further submitted that some of SSI units at times do not care to provide even primary treatment and discharge effluent with more than 10,000 mg/Lt of COD. Even they 9 (J) Appln. No. 34 of 2013 do not intimate change in product and accordingly, there is significant change in the effluent quality and quantity. The Respondent No.4, therefore, finally submits that any modification in the standards based on the industry categorization is not possible and would put CETP operation in jeopardy.
14. During hearing on 20th December, 2013, CETP standards as defined under the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, were also discussed and considering footnote and also other standards prescribed for various types of industries, the Tribunal had specifically asked GPCB i.e. the Respondent No.1, and Respondent No.4, to explain in detail fixation of standards for SSI and medium/large scale industries along with detail justification and powers conferred upon the Authorities. GPCB further filed an affidavit through Mr. Tushar Shah, on 3rd March, 2014, which has conveniently scuttled this particular query and has not filed any supporting documents, statutory provisions or policy decision, which have been relied upon by the Respondent No.1- GPCB, while fixing the standards for individual industries i.e. small, medium and large scale.
15. Considering foregoing discussions and the prayers made in the Application, following issues are formulated for final disposal of this Application.
1. Whether primary treatment standards as defined in the inlet effluent quality standards for CETP, stipulated under the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, can be uniformly applied to all types of industries contributing to CETP for their treated effluent quality?
2. Whether GPCB has power to relax treated effluent quality standards particularly for 10 (J) Appln. No. 34 of 2013 industries generating more than 25 KL/day than specified in the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, as amended?
3. Whether the Applicants are entitled to COD standards of 7000 mg/lt. instead of 1000 mg/lt.?
4. Whether the decision of the Board requiring industrial units to furnish bank guarantee is without jurisdiction and is of penal nature, and thus impermissible under the provisions of the Air Act and the Water Act?
16. Before proceeding to deal with core issues, we would like to record the development of CETPs in India. SSI industries have long been identified as one of the major pollution source and also difficult to control pollution. The Govt. of India, therefore, initiated innovative scheme to provide Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP), which was adopted to achieve end-of-the-pipe treatment for the common effluents generated from SSI units for the benefit of scale in the treatment process and technology. SSI units find it difficult to have full-fledged effluent treatment plant of its own due to complexity of effluent composition, scale of pollution load, financial viability and low technical expertise. This was more relevant in chemical sector as complexity of industrial effluents is very high and vary depending on processes and number of stages in manufacturing, making effluent composition difficult to treat. MoEF, Govt. of India, therefore, initiated a scheme to provide financial support to CETP to ensure the growth of small and medium entrepreneurs in an environmentally compatible manner in 1991. Though this scheme was initiated for ten (10) years, considering the usefulness, the scheme was extended, with some 11 (J) Appln. No. 34 of 2013 revisions, from time to time. CETP also facilitates restriction of number of discharge points in the industrial estate for better enforcement and also to make skilled manpower available for proper treatment of effluent. More than 130 CETPs have now come up in the country. However, CETP itself is a complex technical and management concern, where significant variations in terms of effluent quality, effluent quantity, composition, shock load, effluent treatability etc. pose serious challenge in efficient management of CETP. The guidelines for CETP scheme prepared by MoEF, defines that SSI as unit, whose plant and machinery are valued at less than 5 crore. This categorization is basically derived from MSME Act, which is also a standard way of categorization of SSI industries with institutions like RBI etc. In the initial stage of this CETP development only SSI industries were allowed to join CETP, that too with less than 25 KL/Day effluent. Subsequently, MoEF has taken a decision to amend the CETP scheme to allow other SSI units generating more than 25 KL/Day effluent to CETP, and also, the large and medium scale units, subject to their meeting individual treatment standards. The recent revision in CETP scheme stipulates that large and medium scale industries, other than those belonging to 17 categories of heavily polluting industries, may join CETP after primary treatment or as considered necessary by the SPCB for the purpose of hydraulic load and for techno economic viability of CEPT. However, it has to be ensured that CETP primarily serves effluent discharge by SSI.
17. This takes us to standards stipulated under the provisions of Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986. The entry related to CETP is as follows:
12 (J) Appln. No. 34 of 2013 Sr Industry Parameter Standards No 1 2 3 4 55 COMMON EFLUENT TREATMENT EFFLUENTS Concentrati PLANTS (Inlet effluent on in mg/lt quality for ETP) A Primary Treatment pH 5.5-9.0 Temporary 0C 45 Oil & Grease 20 .. .. ..
Note:1. These Standards apply to the small scale industries, i.e. total discharge up to 25 KL/Day
2. For each CETP and its constituent units, the State Board will prescribe standards as per the local needs and conditions; these can be more stringent than those prescribed above. However, in case of cluster of units, the State Board with the concurrence of CPCB in writing, may prescribe suitable limits.
The plain literal reading of Note-1 is necessary in view of presence of expression "i.e.". Free Dictionary defines Comma as;
1. Grammar. A punctuation mark ( , ) used to indicate a separation of ideas or of elements within the structure of a sentence.
2. A pause or separation; a caesura.
Dictionary defines the sign (,), a mark of punctuation used for indicating a division in a sentence, a in setting off a word phases, or clause, especially when such a division is accompanied by a slight pause or is to be noted in order to the sequential elements of the sentence. It is also used to separate term in a list, to mark off thousands in numerals, to separate types or levels of information in bibliographic or other data.
Free Dictionary defines 'i.e.' as prep. Abbreviation for 'id est.' which is Latin for "that is" or "that is to say." It is used to expand or explain a general. It should not be confused with "e.g." which means, "for example."
13(J) Appln. No. 34 of 2013
18. Grammar and punctuations are hapless victims of the pace of life and we may prefer in this case not to go merely by a comma followed by 'i.e.' used in Note-1 because, though it seem to have been placed both as a matter of convenience and of meaningfulness, yet, a more thoughtful use of commas and other modes of punctuation would have helped clarify the meaning of the note beyond controversy. Besides, how far a clause which follows upon a comma governs every clause that precedes the comma is a matter not free from doubt. The Tribunal, therefore, considers it more safe and satisfactory to discover the true meaning of Note-1 by having regard to the substance of the matter as it emerges from the object and purpose of the Act, the context in which the expression is used and the consequences necessarily following upon the acceptance of any particular interpretation of the provision, the contravention of which may be followed by penal consequences.
19. A word on purposive construction. It simply means that while adopting a purposive approach, Courts should se e k to give effect to the true purpose of legislation and must keep in view all material that bears on the background against which a legislation was effected and where more than one construction is possible, the one which eliminates the mischief identified should be favoured. But, where only one construction is possible, the Court is not to strain backwards and then bend forward followed by leaning to the left and then to the right to appropriate a space not intended to be appropriated by the legislation.
20. It was also brought to the notice of Tribunal that the term 'SSI' has not been defined either in EP Act or EP Rules. The Literal interpretation of above Note-1 can lead to interpretation that SSI have been defined as industries 14 (J) Appln. No. 34 of 2013 which are discharging total effluent up to 25 KL/Day. So this categorization can be considered as based on volumetric effluent load generated by the industry. As mentioned earlier, guidelines and literature available on CETP categorizes industries into small, medium and large scale based on the financial capital investment. It is now, therefore, necessary for this Tribunal to adjudicate on the particular issue. Similarly, Note-2, stipulates that State Board will prescribe standards as per local needs and conditions. This can be more stringent than those prescribed above. The plain reading of this stipulation also lead to interpretation that though State Boards are allowed to prescribe the standards as per local needs and conditions, these can be more stringent than prescribed one. This stipulation cannot be interpreted, as State Board can have the powers to prescribe the standards by relaxing the standards. Both components of above sentence of Note-2, need to be read conjointly and concurrently and cannot be read in isolation. Second part of Note-2, also prescribes that in case of cluster of units, the State Board with concurrence of CPCB in writing, may prescribe suitable limits. Here also, stipulation envisages prescription of suitable limits considering special and unique nature of industrial area and this cannot be interpreted as authorizing SPCB to relax the standards for cluster of units.
21. This can also be supported by the provisions of Rule 3(2) of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, which provides that the State Board may specify more stringent standards for the relevant parameters with respect to specific nature or location. Moreover, under Section 17(a) of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, the State Board is empowered to lay down modified or amended effluent standards for 15 (J) Appln. No. 34 of 2013 sewerage and treated effluents. Section 16 of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, provides that provisions thereof shall have effect notwithstanding inconsistent therewith contained in any other Act. So there is no ambiguity and inconsistency in the legal provisions that the standards prescribed under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, cannot be further relaxed by SPCB and they can only make it more stringent depending upon local conditions.
22. CETPs in Gujarat have undergone several improvements since intervention of Hon'ble High Court in the matter of Pravinbhai Jajbhai Patel Vs Mr. S.N.Shelat and Ors in Spl. Civil Application No.770 of 1995 and its subsequent directions. The Hon'ble High Court of Gujarat has issued several orders to streamline CETP operations in order to upgrade them to meet total requirements and also improve their operations to meet desired effluent quality. The Hon'ble High Court had also ensured that all the effluent generating industries in the industrial area, where CETP is located, becomes member of CETP and discharge their effluent into CETP, after necessary treatment.
23. CETP at Vapi, is one of the major CETP in the country, however, it has been on the radar of the Regulatory Agencies, as well as, Judiciary, in view of continuous non-compliance of the standards. This takes us to Comprehensive Environmental Pollution Index of Vapi Industrial cluster, whereby Vapi, has been declared as one of the "Critically" polluted areas in the country. GPCB has already prepared an action plan to improve environmental condition, which is already in the public domain. The Applicant has highlighted this report, which has been prepared by GPCB and has been made as declared policy points for pollution control, (Policy of 16 (J) Appln. No. 34 of 2013 Action Plan). Though this Action Plan has been submitted in 2010, it is observed from the reports of treated effluent quality at CETP Vapi submitted by GPCB, that even now treated effluent is not meeting the prescribed standards, though there are claims that there is significant improvement in treated effluent quality. This demonstrates a need on the part of GPCB, to take innovative enforcement measures to achieve treated effluent quality of CETP, which is the final aim of the entire process.
24. As stated above, it was brought to the notice of the Tribunal by the Applicant that while stipulating stringent standards of 1000 mg/Day of COD to SSI industries, GPCB has also specified similar standards for large and medium scale industries thereby vitiating and deviating the basic concept of CETP, which has been developed for benefit of SSI. This fact of similar standards for small, medium and large scale units, is also confirmed in the affidavit of GPCB. We had, therefore, asked GPCB to put on record explanation regarding fixation of standards for SSI units and large/medium scale units, however, during last hearing on March 7, 2014, the Counsel fairly admits that this aspect has not been dealt with in the affidavit filed on that day and also, makes statement that he does not have any specific instructions on the above aspect.
25. Considering above, we have noted that though present CETP inlet Standards, with literal interpretation, categories SSI industries as the industries which are discharging less than 25 KL/Day effluent, the other literature including MoEF's own guideline categories SSI industries based on economic investments. However, even considering both these categorization, all the units, whether they are LSI, MSI or SSI, which are generating 17 (J) Appln. No. 34 of 2013 more than 25 KL/Day, are strictly outside the standards prescribed in the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, for CETP inlet standards. Accordingly, we find that primary treatment standards, as defined in inlet effluent quality standards of CETP stipulated under the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, cannot be uniformly applied to all types of industries contributing to CETP for their treated effluent quality standards. Hence, the Issue No.1, is answered in Negative.
26. As stated above, the above CETP inlet standards under Entry No.55 of the EP Rules, 1986, are not applicable to large and medium scale industries, on volumetric load basis, which are generating more than 25 KL/Day effluent and also the Rule 3(2) of the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, empowers the State Boards only to make more stringent standards, it is clear that GPCB does not have necessary legal powers to relax treated effluent quality standards for the industries generating more than 25 KL/Day effluent, whether they are small, large or medium scale industries, even based on economic investment criteria. The justification given by GPCB like common drainage network also does not hold good, as standards are enforced at the outlet of individual industry and GPCB is expected to enforce the standards at the outlet of industry and not at the common network. Therefore, Issue No.2 is also answered in Negative.
27. Now coming to the bank Guarantee issue, the Applicant has challenged imposition of BG and also, forfeiture of same as a penal measure by GPCB. In this context, clear view has already been taken by various Dictums and we would like to refer some of them as below.
18(J) Appln. No. 34 of 2013
28. The learned Single Judge of the Hon'ble Delhi High Court in the matter of LPA 895/2010 Delhi Pollution Control Committee vs Spendor Landbase Ltd &Ors... has held that:
"Neither the language of Section 33(a) of the Water Act nor the language of Section 31(a) of the Air Act, contemplates the power on SPCB to levy any penalty."
29. The Hon'ble Delhi High Court in the same review matter through the Judgment dated 23rd January, 2012, has further deliberated on the issue in detail. The relevant paragraphs are reproduced for clarity, as shown below:
" 36. The Learned Single Judge has noted the decisions reported as 1975 (2) SCC 22 Khemka& Co.(Agencies) Pvt. Ltd vs. State of Maharashtra 1994 (4) SCC 276 J.K. Synthetics Ltd & Birla Cement Works vs. Commercial Taxes Officer and 1997 (6) SCC 479 India Carbon Ltd vs. State of Assam to opine that power to levy penalty has to be conferred by a substantive provision in the enactment.
37. We concur with the reasoning of the learned Single Judge in paras 58 to 64 of the impugned decision and thus do not elaborate any further, but would additionally highlight that the power to issue directions under Section 33A of the Water Act and the power to issue directions under Section 31A of the Air Act, on their plan language, does not confer the power to levy any penalty. We would further highlight that under Chapter VII of the Water Act, and under Chapter VI of the Air Act penalties and procedure to levy the same have been set out. A perusal of the provisions under the Water Act would reveal that penalties can be levied as per procedure prescribed and only Courts can take cognizance of offences under the Act and levy penalties, whether by way of imprisonment or fine. Similar is the position under the Air Act. The legislature having enacted specific provisions for levy of penalties and procedures to be followed has specifically made the offences cognizable by Courts and the power to levy penalties under both Acts has been vested in the Courts. The role of the Pollution Control Boards is to 19 (J) Appln. No. 34 of 2013 initiate proceedings before the Court of Competent Jurisdiction and no more. "
30. We would like to reproduce paragraphs in Judgment of this Tribunal in the case of DVC Emta Coal Mines Ltd. Vs Pollution Control Appellate Authority (WB) in Appeal No.43 of 2012, wherein it is observed that:
14. In Splendor Landbase Ltd. vs. Delhi Pollution Control committee, reported in 173(2010) Delhi Law Times-52 , Hon'ble Delhi High Court had an occasion to interpret Section 33(A) of the Water Pollution Act. Relying upon judgment of the Apex Court in the case of M/s. Khemka & Co. (Agencies) private limited vs. State of Maharashtra (1975) 2 SCC 22, the Hon'ble Delhi High Court observed : "In the considered view of this Court, the power to levy a penalty on any party is in the nature of a penal power. It is settled law that unless there is a specific power in the Statute enabling the authority to do so, it cannot levy penalties or damages with reference to the general power under Section 31A of the Air Act or Section 33A of Water Act." xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx "This court has, therefore, no hesitation, in coming to the conclusion that orders issued by the CMC or even the DPCC in the instant case levying penalty and requiring furnishing of bank guarantees and making the grant of consent to establish under the Water Act and consent to operate under the Air Act conditional upon payment of such penalties and furnishing of such bank guarantees, are entirely without the authority of law and require to be set aside."
15. Let it be noted that Section 25 of the Water Pollution Act empowers the Board to impose conditions on the industrial units which may apply for consent to operate. There are penal provisions which make a person liable for punishment when it is found that conditions set-out under Section 25 or Section 26 of the Water Pollution Act are not complied with. The powers available under Section 33(A) of the Water Pollution Act are circumscribed by the other provisions of Water Pollution Act. Moreover, the competent authority is required to follow the procedure enumerated in the Water (Prevention and 20 (J) Appln. No. 34 of 2013 Control of Pollution) Rules, 1975. Rule 34 envisages the manner in which such directions are required to be issued by the competent authority. Significantly, Rule 34(3) categorically provides that a copy of the proposed direction shall be given to the person against whom the same are required to be issued. It will be beneficial to reproduce Section 34(3) for ready reference.
It reads as follows:-
"34. Directions. - (1) xxxxxx (2). Xxxxxx (3) The person, officer or authority to whom any direction is sought to be issued shall be served with a copy of the proposed direction and shall be given an opportunity of not less than fifteen days from the date of service of a notice to file with an officer designated in this behalf the objections, if any, to the issue of the proposed direction."
16. There is nothing on record to show that proposed directions were communicated to the Appellant as required in the manner stated above. Needless to say there is non-compliance of Rule 34(3) of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1975. For this reason, the impugned direction issued by the WB Pollution Control Board is bad in law since it has been issued without having any legal authority. We are of the opinion that the Pollution Control Appellate Authority (P.C.A.A.) (WB) failed to take into account this important legal flaw while passing the impugned order dated 24.07.2012. The Appellate Authority committed error while holding the Appellant vicariously liable and to uphold the direction to pay pollution cost. We are of the opinion that the WB Pollution Control Board may not issue consent to operate the unit unless the other conditions enumerated at serial nos. 1 to 4 in the directions issued by the WB Pollution Control Board are complied with by the Appellant. The grant of consent to operate or to refuse the same if certain conditions are not complied with by the Appellant, is within the discretion of the Board (WB PCB).
17. Similarly, this Tribunal in Appeal No. 10/2011 Hindustan Cocacola Beverages Pvt. Ltd. vs. WB Pollution Control Board examined identical question of law and held that the Board has no power to direct recovery of pollution cost. Considering the reasons discussed above, we have no hesitation in 21 (J) Appln. No. 34 of 2013 holding that the WB Pollution Control Board committed patent error while directing the Appellant to pay pollution cost of Rs. 10 lakh and the Appellate Authority also erred in confirming such order. Hence the Appeal will have to be allowed."
31. The Hon'ble Principal bench of NGT in its Judgment in the Appeal no. 68 0f 2012 has dealt on this issue in detail and we would like to reproduce some of the paras of this Judgment for clarity.
68. Before entering into the realm of general discussion and the directions that the Tribunal needs to pass in the facts of the present case and in the larger administration of environmental justice, we may answer the issues/questions formulated by us in paragraph 24 of this judgment. The answers are as follows: -
a. Resolution of the Board for imposing a condition upon the industrial plants/units to furnish a bank guarantee as an interregnum for compliance and/or in the nature of compensation cannot be held to be without the authority of law or jurisdiction, in so far as it is not penal or punitive.
b. In the facts and circumstances of the present case, invocation of the bank guarantee by the Board for non-compliance of the conditions stated in the consent order and in view of the undertaking furnished by the industry cannot be held to be penal and impermissible under the provisions of the Air Act.
c. The order of the Appellate Authority suffers from apparent errors of facts and law. The appellate authority has taken into consideration irrelevant matters on the one hand and ignored other relevant matters on the other. The order of the appellate authority, thus, is liable to be set aside.
d. The bank had furnished an unequivocal guarantee for payment of the stated amount. In case of failure to comply during the specified period to the satisfaction of the Board, the bank guarantee could be forfeited. The bank guarantee has been 22 (J) Appln. No. 34 of 2013 invoked by the Board as per terms of the guarantee. Consequently, the Board would be entitled to receive the guarantee amount, however, would be entitled to use the same only for the purposes of compliance and/or for making good the environmental loss or degradation caused by the applicant.
74. We hold that the condition requiring the respondents to furnish the bank guarantee is not penal and encashment thereof is neither unjustified nor covered under any of the exceptions stated in the judgment of the Supreme Court in the case of Vinetec Electronics Pvt. Ltd. (supra).
75. However, we further direct that the amounts received by the Board against encashment of bank guarantee shall, in preference to all other, be utilised for the compensatory purposes or restoration of the degraded environment resulting from emission and discharge of effluents and other pollutants in violation of the prescribed standards by the industry. Remnant, if any, may be utilised for installation of such effluent treatment plants/anti-pollution devices, directed to be installed under the order of consent or otherwise in the unit of the industry as it would help in bringing down the emission/pollution levels and bringing it in line with the prescribed parameters, thus protecting the environment. The Board shall have no authority or power to forfeit this amount and use it for any other, including for its own, purposes.
32. The purport of all these Judgments will show that the SPCB cannot use the BG as a penal measure against any non-compliance, but can seek/invoke the BG for ensuring time-bound and well defined substantial improvements in the pollution control system. In simple words, BG regime shall not be used or rather misused as "pollute and pay'. Nor the BG regime can be used as substitute for the legal action against the non-compliance as per the provisions of Water Act, Air Act, and EP Act. The SPCB's need to initiate penal action in case of regular non-compliance by lodging regular complaint as 23 (J) Appln. No. 34 of 2013 envisaged under Water and Air Acts before the competent Court of Magistrate. Neither the BG can be taken as penalty or compensation for pollution. Wherever the Board requires a unit to furnish bank guarantee for compliance of conditions of consent order, installation of anti-pollution devices and ensuring that it is a pollution- free unit, then, in such cases, the Board should ensure that its order provides for a 'time targeted action plan'. In default of which and upon inspection, such bank guarantee would be liable to be invoked/encashed for environmental compensation and restoration purposes.
33. CETP at Vapi is continuously not meeting with the norms and, therefore, any relaxation of inlet standards to the units, which are covered under CETP inlet effluent quality standards, needs to be viewed in that context. The Applicant has prayed for relaxing standards for SSI industries (on economic criteria) of applicable parameters of BOD/COD. We are not inclined to issue any specific order in this regard, as CETP is not performing as per the standards and any further relaxation can further deteriorate the quality of CETP treated effluent. In any case, the CETP inlet and outlet standards need to be complied simultaneously, obviously, with a more emphasis on outlet standards considering the impacts on environment on Precautionary Principle. We, therefore, grant liberty to the Applicant to approach GPCB with the request along with duly technical justification that the enhanced pollution load due to such relaxed standards will not affect operations of CETP, and also, the safeguards to ensure that the apprehensions raised by GPCB and plant operators like release of shock load by SSI units, discharge of untreated effluent, change in characteristics of effluents etc., are fully addressed. However, such representation can only be made after six 24 (J) Appln. No. 34 of 2013 (6) months of continuous compliance of standards of CETP outlet.
34. In view of foregoing discussion and reasons stated above, we hold that the Application deserves to be partly allowed with following directions:
(a) The effluent discharge standards prescribed by GPCB for all industries generating more than 25 Kl/Day shall be as per the schedule VI or the Industry specific standards as per the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986, whichever is stringent, or more stringent as stipulated by GPCB, prescribed as per the law.
(b) These above standards shall be notified for individual units by GPCB in next four (4) weeks and communicated to all concerned units. The industries are required to provide necessary treatment plant including any up gradation required within next six (6) months. GPCB shall obtain time bound program for such up gradation within next fifteen (15) days.
(c) In case these industries do not comply to the required standards stipulated as noted above, GPCB is at liberty to take necessary action as per Law against erring industries.
(d) GPCB can use the BG regime as per the defined policy of the Board to ensure the time-bound and well defined improvements in pollution control systems and the BG forfeiture shall not be done as a substitute for penal actions separately prescribed under the law. The Amount of BG forfeiture 25 (J) Appln. No. 34 of 2013 shall be strictly used as described in judgment of PB, NGT in Appeal no. 68 of 2012.
Accordingly, the Application is disposed of. No Costs.
.............................................,JM (Justice V. R. Kingaonkar) ..........................................., EM (Dr. Ajay.A. Deshpande) 26 (J) Appln. No. 34 of 2013


Trump Seems to 'Forget the Words' of National Anthem, Gets Roasted by Online Crowd
While some social media users mocked Trump’s knowledge of the anthem’s lyrics, others focused their attention on a particular line he appeared to omit.
US President Donald Trump appears to have landed in hot water while attending the recent Alabama-LSU football game as some observant viewers took note of his rendition of the national anthem at the event.
A video which surfaced online shows that Trump seems to have stopped singing at the penultimate line, even as the people around him continued to sing, with the Independent even suggesting that the president appeared to “forget the words”.
This development quickly attracted the attention of Trump’s critics who went on to bash the president about it.
Some netizens focused their attention on which line Trump apparently didn’t sing, pondering on the meaning of this gesture.
And there were also those who mocked Trump over the sports events he got booed at recently.


Field hockey has been a big part of my life for the past 15 years. I has taught me a lot of valuable life lessons. I had to improve my time management to be able to balance a heavy work load from school and also the responsibilites of a division 1 sport. Field hockey is a team sport and you have to rely on not only yourself but those around you as well.


[§604A‑3] Rules. The supreme court shall adopt rules regarding the administration, operation, and procedures of the environmental courts. [L 2014, c 218, pt of §2]


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An ambitious web developer, who seeks challenging projects always to show & improve his abilities and programming knowledge. Coding is my weapon to craft new things in this world!


--- title: Collaborative Filtering Research Papers layout: post ---
sort by date added, data published, title | add paper Collaborative Filtering Research Papers Summary: 64 abstracts with links to the full papers and reader comments.
Summary: 64 abstracts with links to the full papers and reader comments.
Good stuff on here.


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Glow commando
Loading packages into glow via script tags.
This is provided as a manual test to ensure that pckages load correctly via script tags.
Is glow defined?
Is glow.ui defined?


See: Description
| Interface | Description |
|---|---|
| ConfigService |
Interface for configuration service
A configurations service is usually a pre-requisite for any other service
so these are usually explicitly added to an AppContext when the AppContext is created
|
| ConfigServiceListener |
Class wishing to receive config change notifications.
|
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| AbstractConfigService |
Base
ConfigService that supports the recursive loading of properties from
a ResourceService |
| CachedConfigService |
Cache Properties in a global static variable.
|
| DefaultConfigService |
The default
ConfigService
This starts |
| FilteredProperties |
Simple class to help prepare properties for a particular application.
|
| OverrideConfigService |
A
ConfigService that allows a set of properties to override
properties provided by another parent ConfigService |
ConfigService


Questions
- I'd like to know why my bootstrap exercise isn't working for the last item on the list. I can't seem to make it create the 3 columns.
- Could someone explain again how to structure the .col-lg-3 (or whatever) items? I understand that the number of columns need to add to 12. I didn't get a chance to write it down and when I try to implement that part, it doesn't seem to do anything but print the .col-lg-3 to the screen. All of the examples I found when I google it, say that you should use that structure but the code included never has that in there.
- I can't think of a 3rd question right now.
Things I'll use later
- I will use the keyboard shortcuts once I remember them all. I will have to find a list of them that I can reference.
- I think the Bootstrap site will be useful once I actually get the hang of it.
- I think the arrays will be useful but I do need more practice with them.