| Modifier and Type | Interface and Description |
|---|---|
interface |
EnumerablePolicy
An interface extension to
Policy for policies that can enumerate their probability distribution over all actions. |
interface |
SolverDerivedPolicy
An interface for defining policies that refer to a
MDPSolverInterface
objects to defined the policy. |
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
BoltzmannQPolicy
This class implements a Boltzmann policy where the the Q-values represent
the components of the Boltzmann distribution.
|
class |
CachedPolicy
This class can be used to lazily cache the policy of a source policy.
|
class |
EpsilonGreedy
This class defines a an epsilon-greedy policy over Q-values and requires a QComputable valueFunction to be specified.
|
class |
GreedyDeterministicQPolicy
A greedy policy that breaks ties by choosing the first action with the maximum value.
|
class |
GreedyQPolicy
A greedy policy that breaks ties by randomly choosing an action amongst the tied actions.
|
class |
RandomPolicy
A uniform random policy for single agent domains.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
static List<ActionProb> |
PolicyUtils.deterministicPolicyDistribution(Policy p,
State s)
A helper method for defining deterministic policies.
|
protected static void |
PolicyUtils.followAndRecordPolicy(Policy p,
Environment env,
Episode ea)
Follows this policy for one time step in the provided
Environment and
records the interaction in the provided Episode object. |
static Episode |
PolicyUtils.rollout(Policy p,
Environment env)
Follows the policy in the given
Environment . |
static Episode |
PolicyUtils.rollout(Policy p,
Environment env,
int numSteps)
Follows the policy in the given
Environment . |
static Episode |
PolicyUtils.rollout(Policy p,
State s,
SampleModel model)
This method will return the an episode that results from following the given policy from state s.
|
static Episode |
PolicyUtils.rollout(Policy p,
State s,
SampleModel model,
int maxSteps)
This method will return the an episode that results from following the given policy from state s.
|
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
protected Policy |
PolicyRenderLayer.policy
The policy to use for visualizing the policy
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
Policy |
PolicyRenderLayer.getPolicy()
Returns the policy that will be rendered.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
static ValueFunctionVisualizerGUI |
ValueFunctionVisualizerGUI.createGridWorldBasedValueFunctionVisualizerGUI(List<State> states,
ValueFunction valueFunction,
Policy p,
Object xVar,
Object yVar,
VariableDomain xRange,
VariableDomain yRange,
double xWidth,
double yWidth,
String northActionName,
String southActionName,
String eastActionName,
String westActionName)
A method for creating common 2D arrow glyped value function and policy visualization.
|
void |
StatePolicyPainter.paintStatePolicy(Graphics2D g2,
State s,
Policy policy,
float cWidth,
float cHeight)
Paints a representation of the given policy for a specific state to a 2D graphics context.
|
void |
ValueFunctionVisualizerGUI.setPolicy(Policy p)
Sets the policy to render
|
void |
PolicyRenderLayer.setPolicy(Policy policy)
Sets the policy to render
|
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
PolicyRenderLayer(Collection<State> states,
StatePolicyPainter spp,
Policy policy) |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
PolicyGlyphPainter2D.paintStatePolicy(Graphics2D g2,
State s,
Policy policy,
float cWidth,
float cHeight) |
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
static class |
ApprenticeshipLearning.StationaryRandomDistributionPolicy
This class extends Policy.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
static Policy |
ApprenticeshipLearning.StationaryRandomDistributionPolicy.generateRandomPolicy(SADomain domain) |
static Policy |
ApprenticeshipLearning.getLearnedPolicy(ApprenticeshipLearningRequest request)
Computes a policy that models the expert trajectories included in the request object.
|
| Modifier and Type | Interface and Description |
|---|---|
interface |
Actor
This class provides the interface necessary for the actor portion of an Actor-Critic learning algorithm.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
Policy |
ActorCritic.getPolicy()
Returns the policy/actor of this learning algorithm.
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
BoltzmannActor
And Actor component whose policy is defined by a Boltzmann distribution over action preferences.
|
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
protected Policy |
LSPI.learningPolicy
The learning policy followed in
LSPI.runLearningEpisode(burlap.mdp.singleagent.environment.Environment) method calls. |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
Policy |
LSPI.getLearningPolicy()
The learning policy followed by the
LSPI.runLearningEpisode(burlap.mdp.singleagent.environment.Environment) and LSPI.runLearningEpisode(burlap.mdp.singleagent.environment.Environment, int) methods. |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
LSPI.setLearningPolicy(Policy learningPolicy)
Sets the learning policy followed by the
LSPI.runLearningEpisode(burlap.mdp.singleagent.environment.Environment) and LSPI.runLearningEpisode(burlap.mdp.singleagent.environment.Environment, int) methods. |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
Policy |
ModelLearningPlanner.modelPlannedPolicy()
Returns a policy encoding the planner's results.
|
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
protected Policy |
ARTDP.policy
the policy to follow
|
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
protected Policy |
VIModelLearningPlanner.modelPolicy
The greedy policy that results from VI
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
Policy |
VIModelLearningPlanner.modelPlannedPolicy() |
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
UnmodeledFavoredPolicy |
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
protected Policy |
UnmodeledFavoredPolicy.sourcePolicy |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
protected Policy |
PotentialShapedRMax.createUnmodeledFavoredPolicy() |
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
UnmodeledFavoredPolicy(Policy sourcePolicy,
KWIKModel model,
List<ActionType> actionTypes) |
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
protected Policy |
QLearning.learningPolicy
The learning policy to use.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
protected void |
QLearning.QLInit(SADomain domain,
double gamma,
HashableStateFactory hashingFactory,
QFunction qInitFunction,
double learningRate,
Policy learningPolicy,
int maxEpisodeSize)
Initializes the algorithm.
|
void |
QLearning.setLearningPolicy(Policy p)
Sets which policy this agent should use for learning.
|
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
QLearning(SADomain domain,
double gamma,
HashableStateFactory hashingFactory,
double qInit,
double learningRate,
Policy learningPolicy,
int maxEpisodeSize)
Initializes the same Q-value initialization everywhere.
|
QLearning(SADomain domain,
double gamma,
HashableStateFactory hashingFactory,
QFunction qInit,
double learningRate,
Policy learningPolicy,
int maxEpisodeSize)
Initializes the algorithm.
|
SarsaLam(SADomain domain,
double gamma,
HashableStateFactory hashingFactory,
double qInit,
double learningRate,
Policy learningPolicy,
int maxEpisodeSize,
double lambda)
Initializes SARSA(\lambda) with the same Q-value initialization everywhere.
|
SarsaLam(SADomain domain,
double gamma,
HashableStateFactory hashingFactory,
QFunction qInit,
double learningRate,
Policy learningPolicy,
int maxEpisodeSize,
double lambda)
Initializes SARSA(\lambda).
|
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
protected Policy |
GradientDescentSarsaLam.learningPolicy
The learning policy to use.
|
protected Policy |
ApproximateQLearning.learningPolicy
The learners policy to use.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
protected void |
GradientDescentSarsaLam.GDSLInit(SADomain domain,
double gamma,
DifferentiableStateActionValue vfa,
double learningRate,
Policy learningPolicy,
int maxEpisodeSize,
double lambda)
Initializes SARSA(\lambda) By default the agent will only save the last learning episode and a call to the
GradientDescentSarsaLam.planFromState(State) method
will cause the valueFunction to use only one episode for planning; this should probably be changed to a much larger value if you plan on using this
algorithm as a planning algorithm. |
void |
GradientDescentSarsaLam.setLearningPolicy(Policy p)
Sets which policy this agent should use for learning.
|
void |
ApproximateQLearning.setLearningPolicy(Policy p)
Sets which policy this agent should use for learners.
|
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
GradientDescentSarsaLam(SADomain domain,
double gamma,
DifferentiableStateActionValue vfa,
double learningRate,
Policy learningPolicy,
int maxEpisodeSize,
double lambda)
Initializes SARSA(\lambda) By default the agent will only save the last learning episode and a call to the
GradientDescentSarsaLam.planFromState(State) method
will cause the valueFunction to use only one episode for planning; this should probably be changed to a much larger value if you plan on using this
algorithm as a planning algorithm. |
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
protected Policy |
SubgoalOption.policy
The policy of the options
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
Policy |
SubgoalOption.getPolicy() |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
SubgoalOption.setPolicy(Policy policy) |
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
SubgoalOption(String name,
Policy p,
StateConditionTest init,
StateConditionTest terminationStates)
Initializes.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
Policy |
Planner.planFromState(State initialState)
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
DDPlannerPolicy
This is a dynamic deterministic valueFunction policy, which means
if the source deterministic valueFunction has not already computed
and cached the plan for a query state, then this policy
will first compute a plan using the valueFunction and then return the
answer
|
class |
SDPlannerPolicy
This is a static deterministic valueFunction policy, which means
if the source deterministic valueFunction has not already computed
and cached the plan for a query state, then this policy
is undefined for that state and will cause the policy to throw
a corresponding
PolicyUndefinedException exception object. |
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
UCTTreeWalkPolicy
This policy is for use with UCT.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
Policy |
PolicyIteration.getComputedPolicy()
Returns the policy that was last computed (or the initial policy if no planning has been performed).
|
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
protected Policy |
RTDP.rollOutPolicy
The policy to use for episode rollouts
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
RTDP.setRollOutPolicy(Policy p)
Sets the rollout policy to use.
|
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
protected Policy |
BeliefPolicyAgent.policy
The policy that the agent will follow.
|
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
BeliefPolicyAgent(PODomain domain,
Environment environment,
Policy policy)
Initializes.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
Policy |
QMDP.planFromState(State initialState) |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
Policy |
BeliefSparseSampling.planFromState(State initialState) |
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
JointPolicy
An abstract Policy object for defining a stochastic games joint policy; that is, a policy over joint actions taken by all agents in the world.
|
class |
PolicyFromJointPolicy
This class defines a single agent's policy that is derived from a joint policy.
|
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
protected Policy |
SetStrategySGAgent.policy
The policy encoding the strategy this agent will follow
|
protected Policy |
SetStrategySGAgent.SetStrategyAgentFactory.policy
The strategy this agent will follow
|
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
SetStrategyAgentFactory(SGDomain domain,
Policy policy) |
SetStrategySGAgent(SGDomain domain,
Policy policy,
String agentName,
SGAgentType type)
Initializes for the given domain in which the agent will play and the strategy that they will follow.
|
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
protected Policy |
SGNaiveQLAgent.policy
The policy this agent follows
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
SGNaiveQLAgent.setStrategy(Policy policy)
Sets the Q-learning policy that this agent will use (e.g., epsilon greedy)
|
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
MAQSourcePolicy
An abstract extension of the JointPolicy class that adds a required interface of being able to a
MultiAgentQSourceProvider . |
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
ECorrelatedQJointPolicy
A joint policy that computes the correlated equilibrium using the Q-values of the agents as input and then either
follows that policy or returns a random action with probability epsilon.
|
class |
EGreedyJointPolicy
An epsilon greedy joint policy, in which the joint action with the highest Q-value for a given target agent is returned a 1-epsilon fraction
of the time, and a random joint action an epsilon fraction of the time.
|
class |
EGreedyMaxWellfare
An epsilon greedy joint policy, in which the joint aciton with the highest aggregate Q-values for each agent is returned a 1-epsilon fraction of the time and a random
joint action an epsilon fraction of the time.
|
class |
EMinMaxPolicy
Class for following a minmax joint policy.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
static ValueFunctionVisualizerGUI |
GridWorldDomain.getGridWorldValueFunctionVisualization(List<State> states,
int maxX,
int maxY,
ValueFunction valueFunction,
Policy p)
Creates and returns a
ValueFunctionVisualizerGUI
object for a grid world. |
Copyright © 2019. All rights reserved.


Take some pictures, create your own image using them and download it.
This application was developped by Guillaume Luchet <guillaume AT geelweb DOT org>
And is based on the following technologies
This application and all the source code is released under the BSD License.
The sources are availables from github


Dr Liam Betsworth
Liam is Head of User Experience at AMPLYFI. Over the past decade Liam has worked in number of fields, including academia, user experience design and mobile/web development. In his current position – working in a growing startup – he spends much of his time switching between roles, contributing to user experience design, software development and wider technical discussions. Coming from a predominantly server-based background, Liam has spent the last year experimenting with serverless, uncovering the good, the bad and the ugly. He's currently in the process of rearchitecting customer facing APIs, deciding how, when and when not to use serverless.
Talk: Server or Serverless: The AMPLYFI Story
AMPLYFI’s purpose is to fundamentally transform organisations’ decision making, business intelligence and research capabilities by enabling them to unlock the internet for themselves. They are tipped to be Wales’ first unicorn startup, and this year have already won the Wales 2018 Innovative Startup of the Year and the Spectator’s Economic Disruptor of the Year for the North West and Wales. Find out the real life experience of adopting serverless as a start up.
Slides: ./Amplyfi-Serverless.pdf
Back to the agenda


ImageMagick-7.0.9-23
Introduction to ImageMagick
ImageMagick is a collection of
tools and libraries to read, write, and manipulate an image in
various image formats. Image processing operations are available
from the command line. Bindings for Perl and C++ are also
available.
This package is known to build and work properly using an LFS-9.1
platform.
Package Information
Note
The ImageMagick source releases
are updated frequently and the version shown above may no longer
be available from the download locations. You can download a more
recent version and use the existing BLFS instructions to install
it. Chances are that it will work just fine, but this has not
been tested by the BLFS team. If the package version shown above
is not available from the locations shown above, or from the
legacy/
directory at ftp.ImageMagick.org/pub/ImageMagick
you can
download it from the BLFS package server at Oregon State
University: ftp://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/blfs/conglomeration/ImageMagick/.
ImageMagick Dependencies
Recommended
Xorg
Libraries
The optional dependencies listed below should be installed if you
need support for the specific format or the conversion tool the
dependency provides. Many of the dependencies' capabilities and
uses are described in the “MAGICK DELEGATES” section of the
README.txt
file located in the source
tree. Additional information about the dependencies can be found in
the Install-unix.txt
file located in
the source tree as well as issuing the ./configure --help command. A
summary of this information, as well as some additional notes can
be viewed on-line at http://www.imagemagick.org/script/advanced-unix-installation.php.
Optional System Utilities
Clang from LLVM-10.0.0, Cups-2.3.1, cURL-7.69.1, FFmpeg-4.2.2,
fftw-3.3.8,
p7zip-16.02 (LZMA), SANE-1.0.29, Wget-1.20.3, xdg-utils-1.1.3, xterm-353, Dmalloc,
Electric Fence, PGP or GnuPG-2.2.20
(you'll have to do some hacking to use GnuPG), Profiles,
and ufraw
(for raw formats listed in http://www.imagemagick.org/www/formats.html)
Optional Graphics Libraries
JasPer-2.0.14, Little CMS-1.19 or Little CMS-2.9,
libexif-0.6.21, libgxps-0.3.1, libjpeg-turbo-2.0.4, libpng-1.6.37,
libraw-0.19.5 (RAW_R), librsvg-2.48.2, LibTIFF-4.1.0,
libwebp-1.1.0, OpenJPEG-2.3.1,
Pango-1.44.7, DjVuLibre, FlashPIX
(libfpx), FLIF, JBIG-KIT, libheif,
libraqm, Liquid
Rescale, OpenEXR, and RALCGM (or
ralcgm)
Optional Graphics Utilities
Dejavu fonts, ghostscript-9.52,
Gimp-2.10.18, Graphviz-2.42.3,
Inkscape-0.92.4, Blender, corefonts, GhostPCL,
Gnuplot,
POV-Ray, and
Radiance
Optional Conversion Tools
Enscript-1.6.6, texlive-20190410 (or install-tl-unx) AutoTrace, GeoExpress
Command Line Utilities, AKA MrSID Utilities (binary package),
hp2xx, html2ps,
libwmf,
UniConvertor, and Utah Raster Toolkit
(or URT-3.1b)
User Notes: http://wiki.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/wiki/imagemagick
Installation of ImageMagick
Install ImageMagick by running the
following commands:
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--enable-hdri \
--with-modules \
--with-perl \
--disable-static &&
make
Now, as the root
user:
make DOCUMENTATION_PATH=/usr/share/doc/imagemagick-7.0.9 install
To test the installation, issue: make
check. A more comprehensive test is the
ImageMagick validation suite. If
make check has not
been executed, run make
tests/validate to compile it. Issue tests/validate 2>&1 | tee
validate.log to run the validation suite. Note that
the EPS, PS, and PDF tests require a working Ghostscript. One test in 'make check' needs
“Helvetica” from “Ghostscript Standard
Fonts”, which are optionally installed in
ghostscript-9.52 - that test, and one other,
might fail, but all the validation can still pass.
Command Explanations
--enable-hdri
: Enables
building of a high dynamic range version of ImageMagick.
--with-modules
: Enables
support for dynamically loadable modules.
--with-perl
: Enables
building and installing of PerlMagick.
--disable-static
: This
switch prevents installation of static versions of the libraries.
--with-gslib
: Enables support to use
the Ghostscript shared library.
--with-rsvg
: Enables support to use the
librsvg library.
--with-autotrace
: Enables support to
use the Autotrace library.
--with-wmf
: Enables support to use the
libwmf library.
--with-gvc
: Enables support to use
GraphViz.
--with-windows-font-dir= <Some/Directory>
: This
option specifies the directory where the Windows CoreFonts are
installed.
--with-dejavu-font-dir= <Some/Directory>
: This
option specifies the directory where the DejaVu fonts are
installed.
The options and parameters listed above are the only ones you
should have to pass to the configure script to activate all
the delegate dependencies. All other dependencies will be
automatically detected and utilized in the build if they are
installed.
Contents
Installed Programs:
magick, Magick++-config,
MagickCore-config, and MagickWand-config. (animate, compare,
composite, conjure, convert, display, identify, import,
magick-script, mogrify, montage, and stream are all symbolic
links to magick)
Installed Libraries:
libMagickCore-7.Q16HDRI.so,
libMagickWand-7.Q16HDRI.so and libMagick++-7.Q16HDRI.so
Installed Directories:
/etc/ImageMagick-7,
/usr/include/ImageMagick-7, /usr/lib/ImageMagick-7.0.9,
/usr/lib/perl5/site_perl/<5.x.y>/<arch-linux>/{,auto}/Image/Magick,
/usr/share/doc/ImageMagick-7.0.9, and
/usr/share/ImageMagick-7
Short Descriptions
|
animate
|
animates a sequence of images.
|
|
compare
|
compares an image to a reconstructed image.
|
|
composite
|
composites various images into the given base image.
|
|
conjure
|
processes a MSL script to create an image.
|
|
convert
|
converts image(s) from one format to another.
|
|
display
|
displays an image.
|
|
identify
|
describes the format and characteristics of an image
file.
|
|
import
|
captures an X window.
|
|
magick
|
convert between image formats as well as resize an image,
blur, crop, despeckle, dither, draw on, flip, join,
re-sample and much more.
|
|
Magick{++,Core,Wand}-config
|
show information about the installed versions of the
ImageMagick libraries.
|
|
mogrify
|
transforms an image.
|
|
montage
|
composites various images into a new image.
|
|
stream
|
streams one or more pixel components of an image or
portion of the image to your choice of storage formats.
|
|
Image::Magick
|
allows the reading, manipulation and writing of a large
number of image file formats using the ImageMagick library. Run
make in the
PerlMagick/demo directory
of the package source tree after the package is installed
to see a nice demo of the module's capabilities.
|
|
libMagickCore-7.Q16HDRI.so
|
provides the C API for ImageMagick.
|
|
libMagickWand-7.Q16HDRI.so
|
is the recommended C API for ImageMagick. Unlike the
MagickCore API it uses only a few opaque types.
|
|
libMagick++-7.Q16HDRI.so
|
provides the C++ API for ImageMagick.
|
Last updated on 2020-03-18 05:00:14 -0500


The World Wide Web or W.W.W for short was develop in the 1990s and has approximately 30 billion pages. Five components are used to interact with the Web. They are the User, Computer browser for example Chrome, Internet protocol HTTP, and finally servers which has host files.
Hyper Text Markup Language or HTML for short is used to create HTML Documents. HTML is written in a document but you have to follow HTML syntax and rules. These documents can be text, images, or videos and are used to create web pages. This site provides a good definition of an HTML document.
An HTML Element is a component of the HTML document. Each element can have a specified HTML Attribute. Attributes such as class give elements meaning. These attributes are added to Tags HMTL Tags are the names of the Elements surrounded by brackets. Normally each opening tag has a closing tag.  The program must be detailed and precise to avoid inefficient use of time to debug it.
Elements will be inline or block. In line elements are similar to a sentence in structure. Block elements encapsulates the element within a box.
The tree like structure represents the hierarchical relationship between elements. The elements themselves are contained in boxes. Each box can be a container for other boxes.
Indented text in a HTML document depicts the position of the element's box. Greater indentations imply the position of the element box within other boxes
Programmers have a choice Text of editors .each text editor can be raked based on ther ease of use. Scratch pad which is great for the novice. Codepen could be used by intermediary level users and Sublime is the most challenging one in terms of ease of use and sharing.
Refraining from repetitive coding will reduce errors.
Repetitive editing will increase the likelihood of introducing erroneous code. This can occur when a definition or style is individually applied to the same element type for every instance that element appears.
The best way to refrain from repetitive editing is to use the same definition for common elements and a single source for their style.
Cascading Style sheets or (CSS) for short, resides in its own tab and applies style to an element. To refrain from repetitive coding this style can be applied to each instance of that element by referring its class.


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Joseki is an HTTP engine that supports the SPARQL Protocol and the SPARQL RDF Query language. SPARQL is developed by the W3C RDF Data Access Working Group.
Joseki Features:
- RDF Data from files and databases
- HTTP (GET and POST) implementation of the SPARQL protocol
Online Demo
Online Query Form for experimenting with SPARQL queries.
See Also
ARQ - a SPARQL query processor for Jena.


December 2020 Hacker News Hiring Trends
I think it's safe to say that the World experienced unprecedented change this year with the Covid-19 Pandemic and the response to it. But, even with a shift to remote work, and a strong software job market, the tools and technologies that Software Developers used in 2020 remained very similar to the tools used in prior years. Looking at the job postings from Hacker News, this data reveals very little change from what was found in 2019.
Starting at the top of the rankings, the top three for December, 2020 are the exact same as the top three from December, 2019 with React, Python and AWS taking their usual positions. TypeScript did take a jump into the top 5, but as an extension of the JavaScript ecosystem, it's essentially taken JavaScript's spot. Otherwise 9 of last December's Top 10 are in the Top 10 this December.
For those that live on the bleeding edge, it may have even been a disappointing year since there was no obvious breakout tech in 2020. Where 2019 had TypeScript and 2018 had Kubernetes, there was nothing that experienced a similar meteoric rise in 2020.
Looking ahead to 2021, what technologies should we be keeping an eye on?
Compare Top 10 Programming Languages
Compare Rails, node.js, PHP and Django
Compare React, Angular, Vue, and Ember
Compare Postgresql, MySQL and SQL Server
Compare Mongodb, Elasticsearch, Cassandra and DynamoDB
Compare Storm, Hadoop and Spark
Compare Kafka, RabbitMQ, SQS and Kinesis
Compare Terraform, Chef, Puppet, Ansible and CloudFormation
Compare Docker, Kubernetes, Mesos and Terraform
Compare Blockchain, Bitcoin and Ethereum
| Tech | Rank | Last Month | Change | Last Year | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| React | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Python | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| AWS | 3 | 5 | +2 | 3 | 0 |
| TypeScript | 4 | 6 | +2 | 11 | +7 |
| Postgresql | 5 | 4 | -1 | 5 | 0 |
| Full Stack | 6 | 3 | -3 | 6 | 0 |
| node.js | 7 | 8 | +1 | 7 | 0 |
| DevOps | 8 | 11 | +3 | 10 | +2 |
| golang | 9 | 7 | -2 | 8 | -1 |
| JavaScript | 10 | 9 | -1 | 9 | -1 |
| Machine Learning | 11 | 10 | -1 | 4 | -7 |
| Rails | 12 | 13 | +1 | 17 | +5 |
| Ruby | 13 | 16 | +3 | 16 | +3 |
| Docker | 14 | 14 | 0 | 14 | 0 |
| Java | 15 | 17 | +2 | 15 | 0 |
| Kubernetes | 16 | 19 | +3 | 18 | +2 |
| AI | 17 | 15 | -2 | 20 | +3 |
| iOS | 18 | 18 | 0 | 13 | -5 |
| Open Source | 19 | 20 | +1 | 27 | +8 |
| API | 20 | 22 | +2 | 22 | +2 |


Our Virtues
The Greeks had a word - eudaimonia - which translates to "the good life". More specifically, they described the good life as
"...rich with relationships, ideas, emotion, health and vigor, recognition and contribution, passion and fulfillment, and great accomplishment and enduring achievement."
Virtues are patterns in how we behave - habits, choices, interactions, etc - that when practiced and matured bring the "side effect" of eudaimonia.
The virtues themselves don’t provide the good life, though.
Think of it like going to the gym: if you go to the gym to lose weight, you’re likely to be disappointed or fall off the wagon if the weight loss doesn’t show up as fast as you want.
If you go to the gym to be healthy, your motivators are come from deeper inside of you, and you’re more likely to push through the harder parts of the workout routine as you make progress with becoming healthier.
Weight loss will be the byproduct of becoming healthier. The good life is a byproduct of practicing Arête every day.
In order to practice Arête, it requires a transformation in perspective.
- From vision to ambition.
- From mission to intention.
- From strategy to constraints.
- From objectives to imperatives.
1. Our Ambition
An ambition replaces a "vision" – and it answers the question "why are we here?"
More specifically, an ambition is meant to define the kinds of returns you we will create, and who will benefit. The more genuine the value is, the greater the ambition.
We earn bonus points for better, rather than bigger.
Our ambition is to make Philadelphia (and ultimately the world) a better place to make a living doing what you love, creating space for trusting, lasting relationships between people before they need to work together.
2. Our Intentions
An intention is an action required to achieve an ambition.
How do you improve things for the people you interact with? What interactions make sure the ambition is being fulfilled?
...help unlikely groups of likeminded people form relationships.
...focus on people and their interactions, and the formation of relationships.
...help people tell the stories of the experiences they have in Philadelphia.
...trust people to do the right thing.
...guide people to being good citizens of Indy Hall and of Philadelphia.
...support people in their goals of building businesses to last, in Philadelphia and for Philadelphia.
3. Our Constraints
Constraints are the actions which must not be done. Constraints exist to avoid things that do damage to the value being created.
...do anything against our community’s interest.
...focus on desks or square footage.
...create something only because we think we’re supposed to.
...accept the status quo.
...accept a "no" at face value.
...compromise our core values.
...prioritize a transaction before a relationship.
4. Our Imperatives
Imperatives are the things that must be done daily. They’re specific, focused actions that help achieve the intentions and ambitions.
...keep people at the center of every action, interaction, and decision.
...welcome new community members, and make it clear that Indy Hall is theirs, not just ours.
...always look for a way to say yes.
...teach others in our immediate and neighboring communities how we operate.
Do It Yourself
If you’re running a business, from startup to Fortune 50, you ca practice Arête.
If you’re developing a community, from a family to a city, you can practice Arête.
If you’re creating, from art to technology, you can practice Arête.
If you’re working, alone or as part of a team, you can practice Arête.
If your goals include doing things that authentic and meaningful, you must practice Arête.
What are your ambitions, intentions, constraints, and imperatives?


2 Poems by Catch Business
into empty glasses
when the neighbor asks for us to quiet down
a phone in my face lights up and you remind me
the show we watched that night no longer exists
these dropped stitches in conversation
question if i’m the loudest in the room and feel ok
soliciting shiny cores of heartbreak to someone else
it isn’t enticing a bedspread a pocket quilted
like staying up without moonlight or street lamps
it’s my words hurting even overflowing cups
one long life
car ride chances to reflect
prepare my face
pressed into aged pillows
after afternoons
spread sheets blow away
i spread out between
the presence of people
and reasoning
with their calm
tying me to the bed
i decompress into them
every evening we elope
Catch Business is the author of GHOST GFS (Electric Cereal, 2015) and ABLE TO / ALWAYS WILL (Civil Coping Mechanisms, 2016) as well as the chapbook Bye, Product (Be About It, 2015). She is the Founding Poetry Editor of Witch Craft Magazine and Chapbook Coordinator at Sad Spell Press.


From:DR.ABU HASSAN Tell:234-8023438566 Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>l am a financial consultant based in Nigeria.l have aclient who is now late.He has 31,500,000USD with a private bank here in nigeria I am the onle person who has all the information as regards this fund. My intrest now is to find some one like you who will now be made the next of kin to the deceased through carefull documentation from the fedral ministry of justice to enable us transfer the aforementioned amount to any bank of your choice for safekeeping. I will offer you 20% of the total amount at the end of the transfer, though this can still be negotiated. This fund has been in the bank since November 1996, this is because my client died in the ADC plane crash of 7th Novmber 1996, i have painstakenly made this transaction to be 100% risk free.All i need now is some one like you who with all trust can now help me to accomplish this dream since my client is a foreigner like you. My utmost intrest is for you to assist me transfer this fund to your country or any bank of your wish.I wish to invest in a stable economy,and in companies with potentials for rapid growth in long terms.I am also interested in placing part of this fund in your company,if your country`s bi-laws allows foreign investment. You can contact me for more details via my e-mail address or fax with your reference. Yours faithfully, DR.ABU HASSAN<EMAIL_ADDRESS>[please reply me with this e-mail address] N:B The fund is free from drug and laundering related offences and this transaction need utmost confidentiality


Add swap space on Arch Linux to simulate additional memory and increase server optimization.
Difficulty: 2
Time: 15 minutes
Swap space is like an overflow area on your system to temporarily hold additional data. Your computer automatically transfers data back to its RAM when it's being used, and then moves data to the swap partition or swap file when it's not being used. This is a quick way to increase cloud server performance.
There are two forms of swap space: the swap partition and swap file. A swap partition is an actual space on the hard disk dedicated only to swapping (can hold no other files), whereas a swap file is, as the name suggests, a file in your system and data files. Swap files are flexible but can be easily damaged by a file system error. Swap space can be made up of a combination of both. The intelligent mix of RAM and swap files is called virtual memory and allows a system to increase the memory capacity of the original built-in RAM.
This article guides you through creating and enabling a swap file on an Arch Linux server. Before you start, make sure you have a non-root user set up withsudo
, or administrative, privileges. You'll proceed as a
non-root user with sudo
privileges.
To prevent any issues when adding swap, first check that your system does not have a swap file (or swap partition) that was previously activated. See your summary of swap usage with the swapon
command or free
command:
swapon -s
if your computer is not yet set up or if you're unsure where the swap is located:
free
command:
swapon -s
command in the first example above.Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/vda 50G 10G 40G 20% / none 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup udev 2.0G 12K 2.0G 1% /dev tmpfs 396M 312K 396M 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /run/shm none 100M 0 100M 0% /run/user
swapfile
in your root (/) directory and assigning it as swap.
You will allocate the amount of space you want for your swap file. There
are two ways to add swap files: fallocate
command
and dd
comand.
fallocate
command
You can gain more file space with fallocate
, a command used to manipulate file space. The fallocate
command creates a file of a preallocated size instantly without initializing any of it, versus the dd
command, which takes longer because it has to write zeros as dummy contents.
fallocate failed: Operation not supported
, your file system doesn't currently support fallocate
(for example, ext3). Use the more traditional way with the dd
command instead. (This situation should be rare.)dd
comand Creating a swap file by using the dd
command may not be as quick as fallocate
, but it works. The dd
command is one of the original UNIX disk utilities with many uses, including generating new files, copying files, and converting file formats.
In this example, we'll add a swap file the size of 4 GB.
bs
of 1 GB
and a count
of 4.
Remember to double check your instructions! This command has the potential
to destroy data if of
(output file) points to the wrong
location.
free -m
command to confirm that the
swap is set up.
fstab
is Linux's file system table that has the information of all your system's storage partitions and devices (such as hard drives). We'll modify this file.
fstab
file so you can edit it:
fstab
file, add this line to tell the system to automatically use the newly created swap space:
Swappiness is a setting that controls how often the swap file is used (or the tendency of the system to move processes out of physical memory and onto the swap disk).
As a percentage between 0 and 100, a swappiness value of:
Interactions with the swap file are resource-intensive because they take much longer than interactions with RAM and can significantly reduce system performance. Instructing your system not to overly rely on the swap can help boost overall system performance.
sysctl
command. /etc/sysctl.conf
file:
Another setting is the vfs_cache_pressure
. Changing this setting could help when the VFS (virtual file system) cache objects (called dentry and inode_cache objects) consume a larger amount of memory versus other data like page cache and swap.
Because VFS cache accesses data about the file system, it's frequently requested and very resource-intensive. Thus, it's a prime setting for your system to cache.
Check your work with any of these three commands:
swapon -s
command:
Filename Type Size Used Priority /swapfile file 4194300 0 -1
Swapping can be beneficial in allowing your system to harness more memory than originally available. It's a viable option before having to optimize your application configurations, add more RAM, or upgrade your server.
However, remember that hard disks are much slower than RAM, and so accessing the disk often can be noticeably slower than accessing physical memory. Also, the more swapping you do, the slower your system will be. So be sure to tune your swap settings judiciously to prevent swap thrashing (when the hard drive is overworked by information moving excessively between system memory and virtual memory).


Traditionally JSF pages are rendered on the server side. Each update requires an expensive AJAX request (or an even more expensive HTML request). AngularJS pages, in contrast, are rendered on the client side. Changes are rendered extremely fast, but there's no connection to the back-end. AngularFaces spans a bridge over this gap, making JSF bean attributes available to AngularJS and synchronizing parts of the AngularJS model with the server's JSF beans.
The rest of the page is coming soon. Please stay tuned :).


These guidelines are the road map for creating, maintaining and using the various brands within the family of jQuery projects. The guidelines cover logos, colors, typography, and naming conventions to help you understand the rules of our brand.
By adhering to these guidelines, you'll play a part in making jQuery and its family of brands recognizable, memorable and as strong as possible!
Use the navigation links for a guided tour of our branding guidelines, or use the search feature to find a specific topic.


Show why 19-years cycle is the best. Calculate optimal distribution of the leap years.
- 1:2 Solar year is ~11 days longer than the lunar (see chapter 6); when discrepancy accumulates to ~30 days, year is made leap. - 4:1-2 Leap year - additional Adar; Pesach (15th of Nisan) must be not before the vernal equinox (Sun enters Aries, see 9:3) and before the next summer solstice.
Moznaim: Based on Sanhedrin 13a-b, the Ramah (cited in Kessef Mishneh on law 15): "Succos must be after the autumnal equinox"; Rambam doesn't mention this. With vernal equinox on Nissan 15th, autumnal could be on Tishrei 21st, 6 days into Succos. Ohr Sameach: Rambam did say this, printers missed it. Aruch HaShulchan: Rambam holds that that Sanhedrin isn't law; we only care about vernal equinox.
QUESTION: what are the properties of the fixed calendar in this respect (need true seasons)?
- 6:3 Lunar month (between conjunctions) = 29d12h793p. - 6:4 Lunar year (12 lunar months) = 354d8h876p = 354d8h48m40s; Leap lunar year (13 lunar months) = 383d21h589p; Solar year = 365d6h (see also 9:1, 10:6); longer than the lunar year by 10d21h204p. - 6:10 19 year cycle (12+7 leap); because the difference between 19 solar years and the cycle is less than a day: 1h485p. (see 10:1 - with a different year length, the difference is 0)
QUESTION: what other lengths of the cycle have this property?
- 6:11 Leap years: 3,6,8,11,14,17,19.
QUESTION: in what sense is this an optimal correspondence? and for different cycle lengths? It is possible that true Sun calculations are needed to answer those questions...


Meet a Gilt Technologist: Nathan Stilwell, Software Engineer
What’s your role at Gilt?
I’m a software engineer who specializes in front-end technologies. I work with designers of the visual and UX varieties to sculpt an idea for a product, then I implement the front-end of that product. My weeks are always different, depending on the phase of the product.
Tell us how you got here.
In 2011, I was contacted by a recruiter via LinkedIn. I had never heard of Gilt and didn’t know anything about the company, but the recruiter described some of the projects being worked on here and it sounded pretty exciting. I thought, ‘I should talk to these guys.’
I went through Gilt’s incredibly rigorous interview process–four phone calls and a five-hour interview during which I talked to at least four engineers plus [SVP Engineering and Product Strategy John] Quinn. Five hour-long conversations about everything from databases to API development.
Before you came to Gilt, you moved around a bit. Where did you live?
I was born in Arkansas, then moved to Michigan, then back to Arkansas, where I went to college. Then I moved to China for a year, Florida one year, then to New Orleans. I became a Hurricane Katrina refugee and went back to China from 2006 to 2009, then moved to New York City.
What did you do in China?
The first two years I taught English. Then a friend who’d moved to Nanjing started a school that offered high school-level courses needed a computer teacher. I was promoted to chair of the ICT department and worked there for three years. Then I came here.
China is a great place to visit and live for a while, but it’s difficult to make a life for yourself as a foreigner. New York City is a liberating place fashion-wise–it’s easy to express yourself.
Speaking of fashion: When did you start wearing suits to work?
It started when I lived in China. I have a body shape that isn’t conducive to the Chinese clothing market, so I had to rely on tailors for a lot of things: shirts, ties, vests. Having clothing tailored in China was quite easy. Also, the school where I worked had a dress code, so for the first time in my professional life I had to wear a collar and tie. I thought I’d embrace it.
Would you still dress up for work even if you telecommuted?
I would have to put on something–construct an outfit before I could get myself into a mental state for work. I think I’ve always been this way–in high school I was very into punk rock, chains, safety pins and dyed hair, then grunge before that. I’ve always made choices about my appearance.
For whatever reason I no longer feel comfortable working in T-shirts and jeans. I feel like I can’t get into a mindset of crafting something, can’t pour my heart into something, wearing T-shirts and jeans.
How has working at a fashion-conscious company influenced your personal style?
Working at Gilt gives me inspiration that I didn’t have at previous jobs. It’s a great opportunity.
Fashion really is about expressing yourself. Some people view that as a sort of an elitist or undemocratic stance, but every human expresses themselves through the clothing that they wear. Some people have more privileged choices than others, of course.
What are some of your favorite brands featured on Gilt?
Alexander Olch is one I definitely keep coming back to–their ties, pocket squares and other things are beautiful. Recently I’ve been enjoying Sebastian Grey out of Chicago. I discovered them through Gilt City and have been back to them several times. I’m wearing their suit right now, actually.
And Martin Greenfield?
Martin Greenfield is America’s finest living tailor, hands-down.
Most people assume I have way more suits than I do, but a man doesn’t need that many suits–two or three will do. At most, I’ve maybe had five at one time. Manhattan closets aren’t forgiving enough to accommodate lots of suits. You need shirts and accessories–that’s the expression part. Rather than trying to pull off a loud suit every day I prefer a good suit with lots of accessories.
What is your approach to accessorizing?
To my mind, you can’t really build an outfit without starting with your shoes, at least in Manhattan. It’s the first fashion choice you should make in the morning. My favorites from Gilt are Maurizi, Two Boot, Grenson. My favorite Gilt purchase of late is a pair of blue brogue Antonio Maurizi shoes that is just fantastic. I’m not sure what magic Italians apply to shoes, but they’re just so good.
Wingtip Clothiers have some very exciting pocket squares, ties, and accessories. And J. Crew–I love everything they do. Cannot get enough of them.
And hats?
Worth & Worth in Manhattan–their hats are made here. And the JJ Hat Center on 5th Avenue is also good. Worth & Worth has had a factory in Manhattan for almost 100 years.
How is your approach to fashion similar to your approach to engineering and design?
I try to approach my work holistically, and give consideration to history and convention. Then I look for ways to twist it and surprise and delight in the details. As far as what I do every day, I try to push the envelope and sort of get away from established methods.
You’ve initiated some projects to help reduce the distance between design and engineering. Tell us about those.
I feel that that distance between design and engineering is too great. We have these two disciplines that need to work in total balance to produce. In 2012 I put together an eight-week summer course called “Web Literacy” that was targeted toward our visual and UX designers. The class met for two hours every Monday evening.
What was the result of that course?
One thing was that it led me to teach at Parsons, the New School for Design. This past semester I was a part-time instructor for a 15-week, sophomore-level course called “Core Interaction Design.” I taught the lab component; there was also a studio component.
What do you enjoy most about working at Gilt?
It’s refreshing to A., not have someone checking up on you every hour to see what you’re doing, and B., not be given explicit directions, which means there’s a lot of freedom to make your own choices and mistakes. A lot of companies say, 'we hire great people and trust them,’ but I actually feel that here. Everybody here is super-great at what they do.
Where do you see us shining the most?
We could play an important role in advancing Scala and the Play framework. Our distribution is cutting-edge, our customer service is incredible. We’re investing a lot into personalization. When we really hit it home with personalization, I think no one can touch us.


Locations
Directions to MIT
The official address is:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
77 Massachusetts Avenue
Cambridge, MA 02139
via Public Transportation - MBTA (“The T”)
Subway
Take the Red Line subway to the Kendall/MIT Station or to the Central Square Station, both of which are a short walk from campus. The walk from Central Square takes about 10 minutes and takes you right down Massachusetts Avenue. The Kendall/MIT Station is on the eastern side of campus, and as soon as you enter an MIT building you can get to the other buildings without going outside.
Bus
The #1 or Dudley/Harvard Station bus stops at MIT on Massachusetts Avenue and provides transportation to Central Square and Harvard Square (Northbound), and Boston (Southbound). The MIT stop is at a large crosswalk with a stoplight. On one side of the street are steps leading up to large Ionic columns and the small dome of MIT; on the other side of the street is the Stratton Student Center and Kresge Oval (an open, grass-covered area). Additionally, the CT1 (Crosstown bus)stops at the MIT stop on Massachusetts Avenue and the CT2 bus stops on the corner of Massachusetts Avenue and Vassar St. as well as Kendall Square T Station.
(Information taken from http://whereis.mit.edu/directions.html.)
Directions to Coffeehouse Lounge
W20 Stratton Student Center
Third floor
The Student Center ("W20", "The Stud") is right on Massachusetts Avenue. From 77 Mass. Ave., cross the street away from the main MIT building. The first building to your right is W20. Enter from the first floor doors to the left or to the right of Anna's Taqueria. Once inside, take the elevators or the central staircase to the third floor. Coffeehouse Lounge is right next to the central stairs.
See http://whereis.mit.edu/?selection=W20&Buildings=go for a map and more details on how to get to W20.
Pokémon is ©1995-2014 Nintendo, Creatures, and GAMEFREAK.


Well, this is few years ago but these experiences do not fade away from my memories like many things do. I had had very hard year with alcohol which had taken control after broken relationship. Although I had some nice times it took a heavy toll. Before this experience there had been a couple quite dry months. This was not my first active experience with Peganum harmala, previously I had tried Harmala five to ten times during the last 6 years, I had mixed it with different DMT-containing plants. Some of the experiments were merely boosting shrooms or acid so it doesn't count into my Harmala-brain-box.
I live in southern Finland. I had took the seeds with me to a cottage away from the city along with some apple juice. It was winter and outside was maybe -15°c, it was just before christmas. The cottage was an ideal place, it had been tested under influence of acid and 'shrooms. This time I was alone. When night had fallen I took one teaspoon of seeds and sorted the small rocks away and started chewing the bitter bits of passage to the upper world. After four teaspoons I was feeling something strange, it was like having very heavy limbs and at the same time I had the power to make quick moves with no loss of coordination. When I had ingested six teaspoons of seeds – chewing them all in my mouth to haste the becoming. Later I really wondered how did I do it?!
When one hour had passed I entered into a state of telepathic network like many times before. There I would lay down and watch the never-ending swirl of information washing my head to its clearest. After that came the intensified body feelings, the energy and the heaviness were both there and I couldn't stay still. I took off my clothes and started banging a bucket lying on the floor with a ladle. With carrying a bucket in my one hand and ladle in my other I sang a non-coherent endless sentence of unknown origin. I danced outside without shoes in the snow and puked a couple times making strange sounds. I had been made into a transmitter of cosmic voice and I was carried out of the cage of life where all the regular games and cosmologies take place. For me the truth was of a red-blue network of information where bright flashes told the direction. And I could move in the darkness without hurting myself.
After running in and out of the ecottage several times vomiting pleasurably everytime I decided to put on the radio and I - for some very unexplainable reason - thought I would like to hear Phil Collins' I Wish It Would Rain Down (maybe the name does it) and surprise, surprise, when I turned the radio on there was just beginning the above mentioned song on a radio station I didn't choose. What a strange coincidence… after I had listened to it some time I turned the radio off and proceeded with my purification dance and chanting. My strength was declining, however, so I wrote a phreaky text message with my cellular phone to my friend which she thanked me for later.
Suddenly it was over! I can't explain how I passed out but after that I was in a super mood for two months. It felt like being abroad for a month or something. Later I've done a couple experiments per year but they have been disrupted by too large amounts of people and some of their 'no respect' - attitude to fasting and general discomfort with vomiting - which for me is one of the central aspects of the whole experience. I couldn't do it anymore if I had to keep it inside. The idea of purification for me is to let everything come out and leave the pure being existing, very much like composing serious music or painting profound art.
Without pain there is no gain and Harmala is very good teacher on the subject I think. The fun in the whole thing is the very benign afterglow that goes on several weeks or even months after the experience, the experience itself being a brain-stressing swirl of everything-that-comes-into-mind-in-one-moment accompanied with feelings of clarity and dark-coloured smoky vision with bright flashes of starlight here and there. I once drank huasca made of Harmala and D.illinoensis in the daylight and the visionary field of sunny day in forest changed dramatically into dark black nightly forest with fog drifting along after a long puff of super-strong indian tobacco. It really does not work right if the surroundings are not calm and peaceful and it can't be shared with an outsider at the moment it's happening because most of the communication is made through thinking.
Peace 4 All. Touch the Light.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Mpd 5.9 User Manual
: Introduction
: Change history
Previous: Organization of this manual
Next: Installation
1.3. Change history
Changes since version 5.8:
- New features:
- Added new option `override` for the command `set iface mtu`.
- Changes:
- Improve compatibility with new implementation of ipfw tables
for FreeBSD versions when ipfw table delete command takes
list of addresses.
- Use only 64-bit counters on modern FreeBSD.
- Bugfixes:
- Properly clean console mutex lock in case of thread
cancellation to prevent deadlock.
- Fix buffer overflow introduced in version 5.8:
processing of template %aX in a RADIUS authentication response
might lead to unexpected termination of the mpd5 process.
Installations not using RADIUS or not using %aX templates
in RADIUS attributes were not affected.
- LCP negotiation fixed for rare case of remote peer restarting it
when in phase AUTHENTICATE or NETWORK.
- Fix buffer overflow in parsing of L2TP control packets
introduced in version 4.0 that initially brought in L2TP support:
a specially crafted incoming L2TP control packet
might lead to unexpected termination of the process.
Installations not using L2TP clients nor L2TP server configuration
were not affected.
Changes since version 5.7:
- New features:
- Added JSON format output into the web console.
- Added `set l2tp pmask ...` command.
- Added `set pppoe mac-format ...` command.
- Added `set pppoe max-payload ...` command from RFC 4638.
- Added 'set radius src-addr ...' command.
- Added `set iface keep-timeout` options.
- Added `set console auth` options.
- Added `agent-cid` global option to control display
PPPoE ADSL-Agent-Circuit-Id option in `show session` command.
Default is disabled.
- Added `session-time` global option to control display
session time in seconds in `show session` command.
Default is disabled.
- Using `peer_addr` in ACL tell to use mpd-table with
the peer negotiated IP address.
- Added more wildcards, passed from ACL's.
- Added more wildcards, passed from `set iface description ...`
command or `mpd-iface-descr` RADIUS attribute.
- Added `Filter-Id` RADIUS attribute.
- Added support for Backtrace Access Library.
- Added support for LibreSSL Library.
- Changes:
- Rename `quit` command to `shutdown`.
- `authname ...` command can be case insensitive.
- Bugfixes:
- Restore send mac address to RADIUS server in unformatted value.
- Fix long living bug with ECP.
- Fix ability to use both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses on the same interface.
Changes since version 5.6:
- New features:
- Added global `qthreshold` option.
- Added `unset radius server ...` command.
- Added `unset nat ...` command.
- Added `Class` CoA attribute from RFC 2865.
- New command `show netflow` added.
- Changes:
- NAT rules may be added/deleted without shutdowning interface.
- NetFlow can export IPv6 data.
- Interface description may be construct from predefined
variables in bundle template.
- Bugfixes:
- Restore `show sessions` as unprivileged command.
- Fix infinite event loop when STDIN redirected to /dev/null
after it recently got non-blocking mode support.
- Fix invalid output of `show nat` command in some times.
- Fix some possible memory leaks.
Changes since version 5.5:
- New features:
- Added `mpd-iface-name` RADIUS attribute.
- Added `mpd-iface-descr` RADIUS attribute.
- Added `mpd-iface-group` RADIUS attribute.
- Added `mpd-peer-ident` RADIUS attribute.
- Added `set iface name ...` command.
- Added `set iface description ...` command.
- Added `set iface group ...` command.
- Added support for NetFlow v9 export.
- Added `set l2tp|pptp|tcp|udp resolve-once ...` command.
They allow to resolve peer address every time on reconnect.
- Changes:
- Remove dependency from libpdel library.
Import required files into the MPD tree.
- Bugfixes:
- Fix invoke `set iface up|down-script` without arguments.
- Fix `show eap` command
- Fix build on older FreeBSD versions.
- Fix several memory leaks.
- Fix building without SYSLOG_FACILITY option.
- Fix byte order in ports in `set nat red-port`.
- Fix some potential crashes because of NULL dereferences.
Changes since version 5.4:
- New features:
- Added `set link redial-delay ...` command.
- Print global filters on `show iface|customer` commands.
- Added protocol/port forwarding support for NAT.
- Added utmpx support on 9-CURRENT.
- Bugfixes:
- Fix memory leaks on PPTP and RADIUS on some reason.
- Really make RESULT a mandatory option in ext-auth.
Changes since version 5.3 (most of this work was sponsored by
JSC 'Ufanet'):
- New features:
- Added built-in RADIUS server, supporting
RFC 3576: Dynamic Authorization Extensions to RADIUS.
- Added Disconnect-Request extension support from RFC 3576.
- Added CoA-Request extension support from RFC 3576.
- Added `authname ...` command to choose active link by peer
auth name.
- Added support for DSL Forum vendor-specific
Circuit-ID/Remote-ID PPPoE tags and respective RFC 4679
RADIUS VSA.
- Peer address argument added to interface up/down scripts.
Changes since version 5.2:
- New features:
- Added 'drop' link action and 'set link action clear' command.
- Added ability to receive link action from AAA in auth reply.
It allows AAA to select bundle/repeater configuration for
specific user or session.
- Added global traffic filters support to reduce auth reply size.
'set global filter ...' commands.
- Added ability to include other local or remote config files.
'load ...' command able to accept configuration file path/URI
as first argument.
- Added support for new ng_netflow node features to improve
bidirectional accounting performance.
- Added 'acct-mandatory' auth option to control accounting start
errors handeling. Default is enabled.
- Changes:
- Improved build modularization to allow more customized builds.
- Reduced memory usage by more effective ACL memory allocation.
- Allowed MRRU less then 1500 bytes. RFC claims that 1500 must be
supported, but lower values are acceptable.
- Bugfixes:
- Fix possible crash on nonterminated ident string receive.
- Fix memory leaks on auth failures.
- Change NCPs join/leave sequences to avoid ENXIO errors on connect.
- Use separate socket for getting CCP node ID to avoid fake reports.
Changes since version 5.1:
- New features:
- Added 'set radius identifier' command.
- Added '$CallingID' and '$CalledID' modem chat variables.
Their values will be reported to the auth backend.
- Added tunnel related RADIUS attributes of RFC2868 support.
- 'set auth max-logins' feature can now be case insensitive.
- Added force ability to the 'set iface addrs' command.
- IPCP/IPv6CP now closing on interface address assign error
or up-script error.
- Accounting start error now closes link.
- PPPoE peer address format changed to more traditional.
- Link peer-as-calling option default changed to disabled.
PPTP and L2TP users are advised to check configurations!
- Some of RADIUS accounting update log messages moved from
radius to radius2 log level.
- Bugfixes:
- Fix PPTP peer address reporting for real LAC/PAC mode.
- Fix auth thread busy check.
- Fix incorrect L2TP self address used for outgoing calls
when several different addresses configured.
Changes since version 5.0:
- New features:
- Added support for NS-related RADIUS attributes from RFC 2548.
- Added global max-children option.
- Added link, bundle, iface and iface-index RADIUS VSA.
- Added 'set link mrru ...' command.
Set default MRRU to 2048 and maximum to 4096 bytes.
- Added USER_NT_HASH and USER_LM_HASH ext-auth attributes
for MS-CHAP authentication.
- Added mpd-input-acct/mpd-output-acct RADIUS attributes
to allow sending typed traffic accounting using standard
RADIUS attributes.
- Added support for local side IP management using IP pools.
- Added support for auth/acct-only RADIUS servers.
It allows to specify different servers for authentication
and accounting in mpd configuration file.
- Added support for the new ng_pptpgre node design, supporting
multiple calls per node. It improves performance, when multiple
calls active between two IPs.
- Changes:
- peer-as-calling and report-mac options moved from radius
to link to improve LAC operation.
- Bugfixes:
- Fixed incorrect link creation error handeling.
- Added workaround for some incorrect PAP implementations.
- Changed processing of NAK on multilink options.
NAK enables rejected options back.
- Added missing multilink parameters check in BundJoin().
- Fixed sending of incoming traffic typed accounting on accounting stop.
- Fixed using correct proxy-arp MAC when more then one interface matches.
- Fixed some L2TP and PPPoE errors processing.
- Fixed TCP and UDP link type nodes naming.
Changes since version 5.0rc2:
- New features:
- Sending LCP Time-Remaining packet implemented.
- Bugfixes:
- Fixed MPPC options loss on link disconnect.
- Fixed crash on PPTP CDN sending error.
- Fixed incorrect IPCP options reject processing.
- Fixed MP SHORTSEQ option.
- Fixed packet order on accepting outgoing PPTP call.
Changes since version 5.0rc1:
- New features:
- Changes:
- Always prefer MS-CHAP to others to get encryption keys.
- Bugfixes:
- Fixed bug in tcpmssfix when compression or encryption is used.
- Fixed build on FreeBSD 5.x.
- Fixed build without PPTP or L2TP support.
- Fixed netflow node creation.
Changes since version 5.0b4:
- New features:
- 'show pptp' and 'show l2tp' commands added.
- Bugfixes:
- Rewritten ippool to avoid races on IPCP renegotiation.
- Changes:
- Rewritten message engine using internal circular queue
instead of system pipe.
- L2TP/PPTP tunnel shutdown is now delayed for better
LAC/PAC interoperation.
Changes since version 5.0b3:
- New features:
- If Framed-Netmask RADIUS attribute != <IP_ADDRESS>
mpd will create Framed-IP-Address/Framed-Netmask route
to the client side.
- Added reporting peer MAC address and interface to AAA.
Added NAS-Port-Id RADIUS attribute support.
- New 'iface' command added.
- Added IPv6 support for Tee and DialOnDemand.
- 'set iface addrs' now able to set IPv6 addresses.
- ACCT_INTERIM_LIM_RECV and ACCT_INTERIM_LIM_XMIT
attributes added to ext-auth.
- Bugfixes:
- Fixed /32 routes processing.
- Fixed crash on repeater shutdown.
- Fixed 'create link ' command syntax check.
- Fixed redial delay.
- Many small tunings and fixes.
- Performance improvements:
- Netgraph management completely rewritten.
Now 6 sockets per daemon used to communicate with netgraph
instead of 4 sockets per link before. This gives significant
performance benefit due to reduced pevent engine overhead.
- Internal memory management rewritten.
Changes since version 5.0b1:
- New features:
- Implemented type-differentiated traffic accounting
based on mpd-limit traffic filters.
- Added 'set link max-children ...' command for DoS protection.
- Implemented user privilege levels "admin"/"operator"/"user".
- Web console rewritten and allows now execute any commands
allowed by privileges. Added plain-text command interface.
- New 'show sessions' and 'show customer' commands added.
- Implemented one-shot operation mode to allow mpd to be used
in complicated dial setups.
- Acct-Session-Id attribute now present in auth request.
- Show to auth real PPPoE session name received from peer.
- Changes:
- Rewritten PPPoE, L2TP, TCP and UDP link types to fulfill new
dynamic design.
- MPPC related options moved from 'set ccp' to the new 'set mppc' command.
- 'set bundle retry' command renamed to 'set bundle fsm-timeout'.
- Number of auth retries increased to 5.
- PPTP windowing is disabled by default.
- Improved unified command error reporting.
- Users list is now global and the same for console and web.
- Bugfixes:
- Fixed memory leak on link/bundle shutdown.
- Fixed reference (memory) leak on console close.
- Fixed netflow setup errors handeling.
- Improved IfaceIp[v6]IfaceUp() errors handeling.
- Restore link MRU to default after use.
Should help with some EAP-TLS cases.
- MPPC now automaically disables unusable subprotocols.
For example, it is impossible to use MPPE encryption
without MSCHAP.
- Fixed FSM instantiation to fix LCP keep-alives.
- Fixed 'set eap ...' context.
- Implemented PAP-ACK packet retransmit.
- 'show mem' command now returns output to console instead of stdout.
- Many small fixes.
Changes since version 4:
- Design changes:
- Removed static link - bundle relations.
Links now choose their bundles using negotiated parameters
when they reach NETWORK phase.
The benefit of it is simple and complete client
and server multilink operation. Also it gives
ability to implement more complicated LAC, PAC and TSA
setups then it was possible before.
- Implemented template based dynamic link/bundle creation.
It allows significantly reduce amount of configuration
required to operate big access servers.
Link may be autocreated by incoming call request from device
or by DoD/BoD request from bundle. Bundle may be autocreated
by the link reached NETWORK phase.
- To simplify configuration link and phys layers separated
since version 4.2 are now rejoined again into a single link layer.
- New features:
- Added PAM authentication and accounting.
- Added dynamic IP addresses pools support.
- Added new 'ext-acct' accounting backend as full-featured
alternative to 'radius-acct'.
- Changes:
- Massive changes in configuration commands. You should read
the manual and examples for the new configuration techniques.
- FreeBSD 4.x and old DragonFly releases are not supported anymore.
Changes since version 4.2.2:
- New features:
- Added L2TP local hostname configuration.
- Added L2TP length and dataseq options.
- L2TP local hostname and secret at server side is now configurable
depending on client address.
- Reimplemented RADIUS Class attribute support.
- Added PPPoE AC-name specification for the server side.
- Added IP accounting with ng_ipacct node support.
- Added configure script for better system features detection.
- 'show version' command now shows compiled-in system features.
- 'session ...' and 'msession ...' commands to select link/bundle
by their current session IDs added.
- Bugfixes:
- Fixed race condition on PPTP tunnel creation/death.
- Fixed crash when stdout redirected to /dev/null.
- Fixed memory leak in proxy-arp.
- Fixed Dial-on-Demand functionality broken in 4.2.
- Do not set ACCM for a Sync links.
- Fixed Sync mode detection for L2TP links.
- Performance improvements:
- Added support for 64bit ng_ppp counters where available.
Changes since version 4.2.1:
- Bugfixes:
- Fixed build and stack overflow on FreeBSD 5.x.
- Fixed startup script dependencies.
Changes since version 4.2:
- Bugfixes:
- Fixed default route support bug.
- Fixed memory leak in L2TP link creation.
Changes since version 4.1:
- New features:
- Implemented link repeater functionality (aka LAC/PAC). New "phys" and "repeater" layers added.
- PPTP now supports listening on multiple different IPs.
- L2TP now supports tunnel authentication with shared secret.
- Implemented traffic filtering using ng_bpf.
- Implemented fast traffic shaping/rate-limiting using ng_car.
- Added workaround for Windows 2000 PPPoE MRU negotiation bug.
- Implemented minimal client side of auth-driven callback (w/o number specification).
- Restored control console on stdin.
- Added multiline console command history.
- Added new 'ext-auth' auth backend as full-featured alternative to 'radius-auth'.
- Added support for some new ng_nat features.
- Implemented PPTP/L2TP SetLinkInfo sending to PAC/LAC.
- NetFlow generation for both incoming and outgoing packets
same time is now supported.
NOTE: To have more then 1000 interfaces with NetFlow in 6-STABLE
you may need to increase NG_NETFLOW_MAXIFACES constant
in netflow.h and rebuild ng_netflow kernel module.
- Added mpd-drop-user vendor specific accounting reply attribute support.
- Changes:
- 'set link type ...' command is deprecated now. Use 'set phys type ...' instead.
- -a, -n, -N, and -t bundle options are deprecated now. Use 'set iface enable ...' instead.
- ng_tee, ng_nat, ng_netflow and other netgraph nodes between ng_ppp anf ng_iface now
created when NCP (IPCP/IPV6CP) goes up instead of startup time.
- Auth subsystem refactored to avoid incorrect cross-level dependencies.
- Physical device level refactored to remove link and bundle levels dependencies.
- While accepting calls PPTP, L2TP, TCP and UDP links are now trying
to use link with most specific peer address configured.
- Removed setting up local IPv4 address routing to loopback.
/usr/sbin/ppp does not doing it.
- Bugfixes:
- Fixed thread-safety related crash in accounting.
- Fixed assertion in PPTP on control connection fail while answering.
- Fixed assertion in L2TP on control message sending failure.
- Fixed broken L2TP outcall mode.
- Updated chat scripts to detect incoming modem calls speed.
- Performance improvements:
- Calls to ifconfig and route programs replaced by internal functions.
- Where possible system() calls replaced by fork()+execv()
to avoid shell execution.
- Added connect requests storm overload protection.
Mpd will drop incoming requests when message queue
reach some defined length.
Changes since version 4.1rc2:
- Changes:
- Default value of link's max-redial parameter changed to -1.
- Bundle's noretry option is enabled by default now.
- Bugfixes:
- Better up/down reason tracking.
Mpd version was bumped from 4.0rc2 to 4.1rc2 due to large number of changes
done since 4.0b4 and FreeBSD ports version number conflict.
Changes since version 4.0rc1:
- Bugfixes:
- Idle timeout fixed.
- Fixed bug with 'set l2tp self ' specified at the server side.
- Device type check for device-specific commands added.
- IPCP reject is not fatal by itself now.
- Up/down-script will now be called not for the whole interface,
but for each of negotiated protocols. Proto parameter should
be checked in the script!
- Fixed ng_ppp link bandwidth configuration.
Changes since version 4.0b5:
- New features:
- Integrated Web server added.
- NAT support by ng_nat(4) added.
- L2TP (RFC 2661) device type implemented.
- UDP device type was completely rewritten. Now it:
- does not require manual 'open' command on the server side,
it behaves just like any other device type;
- allows many connections to the same server UDP port;
- allows not to specify peer address/port for incoming
connections (so it will work through different
NATs and firewalls);
- allows not to specify self address/port for outgoing
connections (so it is easier to configure);
- TCP device type was completely rewritten. It has some minor issues
due to limitation of ng_ksocket module, but now IT WORKS! :)
- Compression Predictor-1 (RFC 1978) added.
- Compression Deflate (RFC 1979) added.
- Encryption DESE (RFC 1969) support was reimplemented.
- Encryption DESE-bis (RFC 2419) support added.
- New command 'show phys' added.
- New command 'show summary' added.
- Support for ipfw tables added to RADIUS ACL's.
- New commands 'set global start...' added..
- Added support of calling/called numbers (mostly for PPTP/L2TP).
- Changes:
- "lcp" layer in open/close commands replaced by "link".
- Auth configuration (set auth ...) moved from bundle layer to lcp.
It works per link now.
- MPPE policy option moved from auth layer to ccp.
- Bugfixes:
- Fixed a few bugs on amd64 and sparc64 platforms.
- Phys layer was made stateless to remove race condition.
- Link layer changed to remove race conditions on LinkDown().
- Fixed race condition in accepting PPPoE connections.
- Link up/down reason recording is now more accurate.
- Complete link shutdown procedure on auth failure implemented.
- Fixed several small PPTP level processing issues.
- Removed limitation about PPTP which must be in the bundle alone.
- Fixed MSCHAP auth which was broken in 4.0b5.
- Fixed memory leak in PAP and CHAP auth on the client side.
- Fixed some CCP negotiation issues.
- Fixed threads-related crash in internal auth.
- Fixed crash on incoming when no free PPTP link found.
- Bug in "rubber bandwidth" algorithm fixed.
- Bug and possible crash fixed in DoD code.
- Fixed bug in AUTHPROTO negotiation.
- Fixed bug in RAD_MICROSOFT_MS_CHAP2_SUCCESS handeling.
Needs testing.
Changes since version 4.0b4:
- New features:
- IPv6 support:
- IPV6CP support added, NCPs and IFACE calls was
rewritten to support many NCPs.
- Console now supports IPv6.
- UDP and TCP link types now support IPv6.
- PPTP link type is ready to support IPv6,
but requires ng_pptpgre(4) to support IPv6.
- NetFlow export over IPv6 is supported.
- The following features do not yet support IPv6:
TcpMSSFix, NetFlow, Tee, DialOnDemand.
- TCP link type now compiles and works
but is not yet ready for production usage.
- NetFlow data generation on outgoing interface is supported.
- Added a possibility to use an existing ng_netflow(4) node.
- Added a possibility to specify network interface names
instead of IP addresses.
- Added more log levels to decrease log file size.
- Changes:
- Default argument of open/close commands changed from iface to lcp.
- Bugfixes:
- Fixed races between startup process and client connecting.
- Fixed a few crashes in console.
- Incoming call processing significantly reworked to
fix some aspects of multilink server functionality.
- The shutdown of mpd is now much more graceful:
the netgraph nodes are closed, the accounting RADIUS
packets for closing links are sent, new connections
are not accepted during shutdown.
- Fixed races in filling of RADIUS packets. In particular,
RAD_NAS_PORT value in the RADIUS could be wrong.
- RADIUS support rewritten to use poll(2) instead of
select(2), allowing to create a bigger number of links.
- Fixed a problem with identifying correct interface
for proxy-arp when alias addresses are used.
- Fixed memory leaks and crashes when more than 256 PPTP
bundles are in use.
- Fixed crash in PPPoE when more than 64 parent Ethernet
interfaces used.
- Performance improvements:
- Message and PPPoE subsystems reworked to decrease number
of open files per bundle.
Changes since version 4.0b3:
- BugFix: fix crash in processing of MS domain name from
RADIUS server.
- New feature: automatic creation, configuring and attaching
of ng_netflow(4) node.
- ng_tee(4) now can be inserted on a per bundle basis.
- New feature: on FreeBSD 6.0 and higher ng_tcpmss(4) is
utilized if doing TCP MSS fixup.
- BugFix: tcpmssfix now works for both incoming and outgoing
TCP segments.
- New options: update-limit-in, update-limit-out.
- Fixed loss of statistics when -t options is used.
- Fixed chat scripting, modem links not broken anymore.
Changes since version 4.0b2:
- BugFix: make PPPoE interface control events recurring, PPPoE is
not broken anymore.
- Added a new
startup
section to the config-file, wich
is loaded once at startup.
- Added a new
global
config space for all the global
settings.
- BugFix: do not generate new challenges while retransmitting
them.
- Fix
va_args
bug on certain non-i386 platforms.
- Auto-load
ng_ether
for PPPoE connections;
fix default path for undefined service.
- Rewrite the console-stuff. Multiple telnet connections are now
allowed. There is no input-console anymore, must use telnet
instead.
- BugFix: The directly configured password was not taken into
account when using PAP.
- Disallow empty usernames safely.
Changes since version 4.0b1:
- Fixed a race-condition wich caused a dead-lock.
- RADIUS
- Fixed several race-conditions when sending accounting requests.
- Use the username from the access-accept packet (if present) for
accounting requests.
Changes since version 3 (most of this work was sponsored by
SURFnet):
- Design changes:
Mpd uses now a thread-based event system using libpdel, these libpdel parts are now
integrated:
- typed_mem(3)
- pevent(3)
- alog(3)
Mpd uses a "Giant Mutex" for protecting its resources.
- Major new features:
- Implemented the Extensible Authentication Protocol RFC 2284 (EAP). Currently only
EAP-MD5 is supported (client and server side).
EAP negotiaton can be enabled at link level.
- Implemented OPIE (One-time Passwords In Everything).
- Implemented authentication against systems password database
master.passwd
.
- utmp/wtmp logging.
- Rewrites of the authentication subsystem:
- Make authentication and accounting requests asynchronous using paction(3).
- Authentication backends are acting now independently from the rest of Mpd, using
some internal structs as interface.
- The
mpd.secret
file is now used as one authentication backends of many, it
has no special role anymore, i.e. it could be disabled.
- Generate a session-id at bundle and link level for using with accounting requests.
- RADIUS related changes:
- IMPORTANT: Mpd needs now an enhanced libradius, here are the patchsets:
4-STABLE
5-CURRENT
- Remember and send the RAD_STATE attribute.
- Message-Authenticator support.
- EAP Proxy Support.
- Added a new option for PPTP links for disabling the windowing mechanism
specified by the protocol. Disabling this will cause Mpd to violate
the protocol, possibly confusing other PPTP peers, but often results
in better performance. The windowing mechanism is a design error in
the PPTP protocol; L2TP, the successor to PPTP, removes it. You need
a recent version of FreeBSD (NGM_PPTPGRE_COOKIE >=<PHONE_NUMBER>) in order
to get this feature.
set pptp disable windowing
- Added a new commandline option
-t
for adding ng_tee into the netgraph.
Submitted by: Gleb Smirnoff, glebius at cell dot sick dot ru
- Removed configuration parameters:
- bundle:
radius-fallback
- iface:
radius-session
, radius-idle
, radius-mtu
,
radius-route
, radius-acl
- ipcp:
radius-ip
Moved configuration parameters:
- bundle to auth:
radius-auth
, radius-acct
, authname
,
password
, max-logins
- radius to auth:
acct-update
- ccp to auth:
radius
and renamed to mppc-pol
New configuration parameters:
- link:
keep-ms-domain
, this prevents Mpd from stripping the MS-Domain,
this is can be useful when using IAS as RADIUS server.
- radius:
message-authentic
, this adds the Message-Authenticator
attribute to the RADIUS request.
- auth:
internal
, controles the usage of the mpd.secret
file
(internal authentication backend).
- auth:
opie
, enables/disables the OPIE authentication backend.
- auth:
system
, enables/disables authentication against systems password
database.
- auth:
utmp-wtmp
, enables/disables utmp/wtmp logging.
database.
- auth:
timeout
, configureable timeout for the authentication phase.
- eap:
radius-proxy
, this causes Mpd to proxy all EAP requests to
the RADIUS server, Mpd only makes the initial Identity-Request
(this saves one round-trip), every other requests are forwarded to the RADIUS server.
This adds the possibility supporting every EAP-Type of the RADIUS server, without
implementing each EAP-Type into Mpd.
- eap:
md5
, EAP-Type MD5, it's the same as CHAP-MD5, but inside EAP frames.
- Removed defines
ENCRYPTION_MPPE
and COMPRESSION_MPPC
, they are now built in.
- Get rid of
IA_CUSTOM
define.
- BugFix: Fixed a mem-leak in the pptp-ctrl stuff.
Mpd 5.9 User Manual
: Introduction
: Change history
Previous: Organization of this manual
Next: Installation


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