THE X FILES A film review by Steve Rhodes Copyright 1998 Steve Rhodes
RATING (0 TO ****): ** 1/2
How thick do you like your intrigue? How much ambiguity can you stand? When you think of conspiratorial government agencies, do you reject the easy targets like the CIA and focus instead on more sinister ones like FEMA? And finally, how successful are you at suspending disbelief for two solid hours?
Welcome to THE X FILES - the movie version.
Since reviews of this movie demand that the critic state his or her relative familiarity with the television series upon which the movie is based, let me confess up-front that I have seen only one episode. In the Museum of Radio and Television in New York - a must-see attraction - I watched an early episode as a research project before seeing the movie. The television show was more cerebral and less dependent on gore and special effects than the film, but they were both confusingly complex by design.
Starting in North Texas, where I was born, the story opens in an ice age in 35,000 B.C. with two cave men discovering a frozen alien. The story quickly jumps ahead to the present where FBI agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) have been reassigned to investigate terrorist bombings since the X-Files investigation has been closed.
Duchovny, whose "gift" as an actor is that his face is always a blank slate, appears at one point to be trying to stare down a large bomb set to explode. It eventually goes off so that director Rob Bowman can make the film into a big budget action picture as required for a summer release. And why was the skyscraper completely demolished? To get rid of some already dead bodies. Why these bodies were not disposed of in a thousand easier ways is one of many illogical questions that a normal viewer, as opposed to a die-hard fan, might want to ask.
"I have a hunch that whatever you find can't be categorized or easily referenced," Mulder says more than once to his sidekick, Scully. Actually, the entire story fits under those rubrics. Although the plot may be impenetrable for non-fans, the movie from beginning to end is absolutely fascinating even if not very often interesting. The labyrinthine plot got so outlandish at times that our audience started laughing at it.
The setup involves a killer virus, an alien civilization, human conspirators, and an OB/GYN named Dr. Alvin Kurtzweil (Martin Landau), who has cracked part of the vast mystery.  "I don't have them all," replies Dr. Kurtzweil. Actually, even the entire Library of Congress couldn't hold all of them.)
 Periodically, spooky creatures turn up to spice things up, and the movie becomes ALIENS-lite.
Among the many joys of the film is that we are able to deduce that Hertz must have a rent-a-tractor outlet in Antarctica. You can check one out without a reservation and go joy riding alone across the vast frozen landscape. And when you get tired of driving, you can try your hand at spelunking.
At the end of the credits, we learn that the story was all fiction. Or so they want us to believe.
THE X FILES runs 2:01. It is rated PG-13 for violence and gore and would be fine for kids 11 and up.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


WARNINGThis generator displays random images from Imgur. Many of these images show nudity and other NSFW topics.


class TheliaHttpKernel extends HttpKernel
Methods
|
__construct(EventDispatcherInterface $dispatcher, ContainerInterface $container, ControllerResolverInterface $controllerResolver)
|
||
|
getContainer()
|
||
| Response |
handle(Request $request, integer $type = HttpKernelInterface::MASTER_REQUEST, Boolean $catch = true)
Handles a Request to convert it to a Response. |
|
|
initSession(Request $request)
|
Details
at line 40
public
__construct(EventDispatcherInterface $dispatcher, ContainerInterface $container, ControllerResolverInterface $controllerResolver)
at line 47
public
getContainer()
at line 70
public Response
handle(Request $request, integer $type = HttpKernelInterface::MASTER_REQUEST, Boolean $catch = true)
Handles a Request to convert it to a Response.
When $catch is true, the implementation must catch all exceptions and do its best to convert them to a Response instance.
at line 204
public
initSession(Request $request)


| DOSE: T+ 0:00 |
3.0 mg |
oral |
DOB |
(powder / crystals) |
| T+ 2:00 |
1.0 mg |
oral |
DOB |
(powder / crystals) |
| T+ 19:10 |
20 mg |
oral |
2C-T-7 |
(powder / crystals) |
| T+ 20:30 |
10 mg |
oral |
2C-T-7 |
(powder / crystals) |
| T+ 22:15 |
20 mg |
oral |
2C-B |
(powder / crystals) |
It was going to be a long weekend and I wanted to wring every last drop out of it. Had worked hard all week; minimal sleep, but enough.
Friday evening, 11pm, 3mg DOB. Felt the zing a little after midnight; at 1am decided to boost another 1mg. The 'all-weekender' was underway. I find DOB to be a Groovy space -- fully energized, but without tension; no visuals, but a 'friend love' vibe that goes great with friends and music. Cruised thru Friday night and Saturday morning with lots of coffee and lots of bouncing and lots of talking.
Spent some contemplative time around sunrise while others slept. Drove out to the store and aquired massive breakfast supplies... returned and cut fruit for an hour and made a pile of chocolate chip and blueberry pancakes.
Ran some errands midday... by the time we returned I was sagging. Popped an Adderall to avoid missing anything during a nap. This was probably a mistake (#1). Had I gotten 3 or 4 hours of sleep the rest of this story might have been a lot lighter and more energetic.
Spent the afternoon kind of unsettled, unable to find anything to get into for more than 10 or 15 minutes at a time.
Sunset (6:10pm) found me holding 20mg of 2ct7 and I was excited as I popped it. This was my first time to try it. I'd been around others on it and had read what I could, so I felt pretty prepared. I wasn't. It came only very gradually. At one hour, I could definitely feel its effects -- very heady. At approximately 7:30, I took another 10mg as a boost. I was feeling it pretty strongly when I boosted, but I thought that was about as far as it would go and it just wasn't compelling/intense/psychedelic enough for me. I'm don't think this step was a mistake, but some might wanna call it Mistake #1a.
Things continued to build gradually over the next hour. None of the music being played was turning me on. In fact, I kept having the sensation that the music was dragging everyone down. We were all just sitting there with minimal interaction (in the room I was in... there *were* people interacting elsewere). I had the distinct sensation that I was dreaming. People and things were ethereal. My head was lost in space. My body was exhausted and it was seriously impacting my energy level.
When the idea of adding 2cb to the mix was presented, I was probably too enthusiastic. Now, my logic seemed rational enough at the time, mind you, but looking back on it, this was probably the real turning point. My thinking was, 'hey, this'll boost my energy level, which I definitely need, and 2cb is the world's greatest potentiator and I wouldn't mind taking this ct7 a notch higher.' MISTAKE #2. I didn't hesitate as I tossed back 20mg 2cb orally at ~9:15pm.
The ct7 continued to build. Hmmm...
Just before 10pm I felt the first energy boosts from the 2cb. Shortly after 10, I was surging. We changed the music and Jetsam and I danced. I played DJ for awhile trying to keep the music varying and upbeat. By 11, it was getting difficult to keep track of music and what disc I was going to play next and I gave it up to wander.
Some background at this point might be helpful. I had been in a kind of a funk for the last several months, pondering who I am and what that means. While I had some of my closest and dearest friends around me that night, things seemed tense (mostly a figment of my imagination) and I couldn't seem to get in and connect with anyone for more than just a few minutes (again, mostly my own doing).
Over the next hour or so, my world pretty much crumbled. Several scenes of interactions between and with others were twisted by me into myriads of fantasized possibilities that terrified, disgusted, diminished, threatened, and crushed me. I felt horribly alone amongst a crowd of friends. I flashed on how little I knew of everyone around me, even my beloved. I was imprisoned in my own skull. I pled with Jetsam to stay close to me for awhile. I puked at the mere mention of candy corn.
Sometime around 1am I started to settle into a space where all my senses were screwed up. Sometimes they would just not work right -- I couldn't feel what I was touching or make out what I was seeing. Other times, and this was the ultimate experience for me, it was a synethesia (?) -- I would touch something and my vision would be awash with a particular color; I would open my eyes and I could smell things, close them and I couldn't; I was hearing the things I was seeing, with voices and sounds from the music eminating from whatever objects I was gazing at. This sensation was fascinating and I played with it awhile.
At some point I became aware that it wasn't voluntary.
Now, I've zoomed hundreds of times on a wide variety of substances. I know extremely well about looping on a negative and the consequences of doing so. I know lots of techniques for breaking out of such loops.
I forgot.
The feeling that I may very well have permanently damaged my sensory perception in some way became overwhelming. I'd lost control of the way I perceive the world around me. I knew full well that I was on a drug and that I would come down. But I wasn't at all sure I'd be OK.
I was unable to hold much of a conversation, but I continued to try to make the most out of the experience and the evening.
Sometime after 2:30am I went horizontal. I slept, tho intermittantly I was awoken by various people and each time felt as though I hadn't really fallen asleep. At 6am, Jetsam and I retreated to the unoccupied back bedroom and spent every last drop of energy we had on each other in pretty dreamy sex. Sex was heady for me: physical contact was good but thinking and talking was what took me over the top. No serious erection problems as I've had on other substances. All in all, a fine way to close the night.
Slept unmovingly for 6 hours. Awoke groggy. Spent the day in low gear and a kind of blah headspace. Much of my time was spent considering what I'd experienced the night before. In ways, my brain still felt broken. It took several days for that feeling to completely subside. I found myself adamantly stating toggly kinda things that I knew to be incorrect (like 'Mississippi *is* east of the Mississippi, damnit!'). Someone would point out my mistake and it would hit me how seriously I was wrong and how much I believed I was right. It was an intriguing little side effect that I am glad has gone away.
In closing, I do not recommend the above combinations to anyone but the most intrepid, and even then, make sure you have good, close friends around, preferably at least one of which is substance-minimal. While I got a tremendous amount out of the experience, it was very humbling and *could* have been a potentially dangerous place had I not had friends around to keep it from becoming so.
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


Loream ipsum is simply I have to go to the store
I have to go to the store and get some rest and feel better soon and that is why I am asking for a friend to talk to you about it when I get home I will send you a picture of the.
I have to go to the store and get some rest and feel better soon and that is why I am asking for a friend to talk to you about it when I get home I will send you a picture of the.
I have to go to the store and get some rest and feel better soon and that is why I am asking for a friend to talk to you about it when I get home I will send you a picture of the.


--- layout: post title: Let's Encrypt - Free SSL/TLS Certificates date: '2019-10-02T22:26:00.001+05:30' author: Sahil Rajput tags: modified_time: '2019-10-02T22:26:50.061+05:30' blogger_id: tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5250005448924290719.post-5880437121839511300 blogger_orig_url: https://www.jaadujinn.ml/2019/10/lets-encrypt-free-ssltls-certificates.html ---


Hi, I'm Nemath
CS Grad Student at Georgia Tech
I'm an active member of Polo Club of Data Science advised by Prof. Polo Chau where I work on democratizing AI security with an eye towards scalability and practicality in real-world settings.
I also work with Prof. Andrea Parker at the intersection of Health Equity and CS at the Wellness Technology Lab. I currently collaborate with researchers at Intel, Georgia Tech and Emory University.
Prior to this I worked as a SWE at Analog Devices, Inc. in their Data Platform teams. I completed my undergraduate degree from the Indian Institute of Techonology (IIT) Indore majoring in Electrical Engineering. I've been grateful to have collaborated with researchers, developers, and scientists at TU Dresden Germany, NTU Singapore, Dozee Research and DRDO working around Computer Vision, Software Development and it's interesting intersections.
Research Publications
Classification of Sleep-Wake State in Ballistocardiogram system based on Deep Learning
Multi-task and IPN to improve detection
Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBC
2022
APRA For Camera Performance Imbalance In Person Re-identification: New Dataset And Metrics
Adversarial Pairwise Reverse Attention
IEEE ICIP
2022
AppAxO: Designing Application-specific Approximate Operators for FPGA-based Embedded Systems
Machine Learning for Approximate Operators
ACM TECS
2021


{% extends "base.html" %} {% load static %} {% block title %}Samples - {{ block.super }}{% endblock %} {% block analytics %} analytics.page("Samples"); {% endblock %} {% block bodyclass %}
{% endblock %} {% block content %}Thanks for signing up for the Hello Web Books newsletter! You can download samples of any of the Hello Web Books below.
Learn web app development using Python and Django with this step-by-step tutorial, from ideation to launching on Heroku.
Get the sample Buy the bookContinue growing your Django web app. Self-contained chapters cover concepts such as adding payments, working with multiple models, and more.
Get the sample Buy the bookLearn web design. Covers visual, UX, and UI design principles and shortcuts, aimed at programmers, developers, and non-designers.
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Simple list
To display a simple list, extend your HTML list implementation with the following directives:
fd-list
fd-list-item
fd-list-title
Navigation list
For a standard list with navigation links, add anchor elements with fd-list-link
directive. All items
should be navigable.
Navigation indicator
If there is only a subset of list items that are navigable, they should be indicated with a navigation arrow. Do not
show arrows if all items are navigable, instead use a standard list with navigation. To add navigation indicators,
add a [navigationIndication]="true"
property to the fd-list
element.
Action list
The action list is used to trigger an action directly from a list of options. To create an action item, add
[action]="true"
to the item. The following example features "Show More" button as an action list element.
Filter and sort list
List does not provide functionalities like filtering and sorting data. To implement those features, we recommend
creating and using pipes to perform operations on a collection of list items. The following example presents a list
with filtering and sorting features with the support of a Toolbar component.
Secondary item on list
The list component can be customized by adding additional information in additional columns.
Secondary items can have different types of visual appearance and can be set with
[fd-list-secondary][type]
property
Available types are
- {{ secondaryListItemType }}
List with icons
List can display icons on both sides of the list items.
Borderless list
It is possible to also remove the borders from the list items by passing [noBorder]="true"
.
Interactive list
The interactive ([interactive]="true"
) mode will force list item to handle hover and active states.
Also item list can be marked as selected, by passing [selected]="true"
.
Complex list
List items can be split into different groups with individual headers, accompanied by a footer at the bottom.
Selection
You can also make the list items selectable by adding specific classes to the list and list items.
- Add
[selection]="true"
to list
- Add
fd-checkbox
or fd-radio-button
inside list item
Keyboard support
By default, list supports keyboard navigation. Keyboard support can be disabled by passing
[enableKeyboardSupport]="false"
to the list component. To implement custom handling of the list
navigation that escapes list boundaries use (focusEscapeList)
as features in the following example.
Drag and drop
To use drag and drop features in your list, import DragAndDropModule
and add the
fd-dnd-list
directive to the list element and fd-dnd-item
to each list item.
Infinite scroll list
It is possible to implement an infinite scroll function using the fdInfiniteScroll
directive. It allows
you to load more data as the user scrolls down the parent element. It is important to remember that the
InfiniteScrollModule
is required for this feature.
List loading
Here is the examples of list in which content is hidden under loading placeholders (skeletons). For more info about
using this technique please see Skeleton docs.


{% extends 'base.html'%} {% import 'macros.html' as macro %} {% block styles%} {{ super() }} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
Welcome to my blog.My name is Micah Mutugi currently a student at Moringa School taking software development.
I am passionate about code and for this reason I created this platform where you could add a blog category,get to add a blog and people could also comment.
Also this is part of my assignment ":/:"
Ignore the punctuation marks at the end!@#


The Fidelix Linux Distribution
Simple, Stable, and Secure
News
About
Download
Latest Downloads
All Downloads
Documentation
Handbook
Manual Pages
Development
GitHub
Community
Discord
Get Involved
Contact Us
FDFORMAT(1)
User Commands
FDFORMAT(1)
NAME
fdformat - manual page for fdformat 1.31.1
SYNOPSIS
fdformat
[
-n
]
DEVICE
DESCRIPTION
BusyBox v1.31.1 (2020-04-30 13:38:01 EDT) multi-call binary.
Format floppy disk
-n
Don't verify after format
April 2020
Fidelix 1.0


{% extends "template.html" %} {% block body %}
Depending on the questions you might have we ask you to contact different people. For any scientific questions you can contact Nuno Santos. For technical questions about the site you can ask Daniel Andreasen, or open an issue on Github with any bugs/suggestions.


{% extends "layout_unbranded.html" %} {% block page_title %} Your money claims account {% endblock %} {% block content %} Back Manage your claim on the Money claims online service (MCOL) {% if data['mcol'] == 1 %} To manage an existing claim sign in using your email and password. {% elseif data['mcol'] == 5 or data['mcol'] == 2%} To view an existing claim log in using your 8 digit Government Gateway user ID. {% elseif data['mcol'] == 4%} To view an existing claim sign in using your email and password. {% else %} {% endif %} {% endblock %}
To manage an existing claim sign in using your email and password.
To view an existing claim log in using your 8 digit Government Gateway user ID.
To view an existing claim sign in using your email and password.


--- layout: default title: Responsibility & Sustainability Policy description: "As an organization, our passion is to be stewards of our local environment while protecting the health, safety and welfare of our communities, clients and staff." parent: Responsibility sidebar: Responsibility class: responsibility banner: sustainability.jpg banner-heading: "Organic Compost Center, California" banner-cta: "" ---
We define our commitment to sustainability as a passion for nurturing outdoor environments – not only now – but for future generations.
As an outdoor maintenance company, it is of utmost importance to operate in a responsible and thoughtful way to create a beautiful, healthy, respectful and safe environment on our jobs and in our community.
Please review our Responsibility & Sustainability Policy


1 write to Item
System.Management.Automation (1)
engine\CommandCompletion\CommandCompletion.cs (1)
1067
this.
Item
= item;


Click here for a quick reference for the
key bindings.
fig
fig is a system to help people who run many experiments/simulations with many
different parameters keep their results organized.
Concretely, suppose you a program that can be run with many different
settings and each run generates some output files.
fig will automatically place each run in a separate directory
and provides a powerful web interface to view/organize these runs.
Tutorial
The web interface has been designed to be (1) uniform in design, (2)
powerful, and (3) keyboard-friendly. There is a learning curve, but
advanced users will hopefully find it very easy to do what they
want.
At a high-level, the interface provides a way of navigating and
operating on a virtual file system. Each item in this file system is
identified by a trail. Each item also has any number of children.
A standard set of navigation operations allows one to traverse
the file system to the desired trail. At any item,
pretty much the same set of operations for creating, deleting, copying
items apply.
- Now let's go to the servlet http://localhost:8080/fig.
Essentially, the fig interface sits lightly on top of a virtual file system;
each table displays a trail (path) to some item or view.
We are currently at the root item.
You should see a table with two rows/items: baskets and domains.
- Let's go into domains by clicking anywhere on the row;
note that the black arrow on the left points to that row.
Click on that arrow. If you like the keyboard, use vi keys
(h, j, k, l)
to move around and then press o to open it.
-
Now, we are in the domains view, which should be empty.
Each domain corresponds to a project you are working on,
and concretely, a different state/execs directory.
To create a new domain, hit shift-n (you can also find it in the actions menu).
Type in examples for the item name.
A new row should appear.
We can edit the description by double-clicking on appropriate cell
(row examples, column description)---or navigate over
and press shift-e.
This description will be saved on disk.
If you don't believe me, check out fig/servlet/var/domains/examples.index.
We also need to edit the domainDir field,
which we should set to full path the state directory
that we created, for example, /home/pliang/fig/examples/examples/state.
- Let's proceed on into examples (o or click on the left arrow).
Now, we are at the domain item identified by trail domains | examples.
Proceed into execs.
If you see all zeros, don't be alarmed;
just hit shift-r to reload; you might have to do this more than once.
The reason for this odd behavior is that the servlet doesn't
keep you hanging while it goes out to disk to reloads, so it
just gives you what it has, but your reload request prompts
the servlet to load so next time, things should be up to date.
- Go into (all), and we should see our execution
along with some information such as the time, status, memory.
- We can make notes about each run by modifying the note
column at the end (double-click or type shift-e on it).
Adding new fields
- First, let's start with adding another column to this table.
Hit ctrl-d to replicate the table.
(Use ctrl-f and ctrl-b to jump between tables.)
- On the lower table, let's go back up the trail to the parent by
hitting u or click the black upward-pointing arrow in the
upper-left corner of the table.
- We should be back at the domain item.
Go into fieldSpecs. A fieldSpec (field specification)
describes which columns of a table should be displayed.
- Let's create a new fieldSpec by hitting shift-n
and calling it default.
- Now, we're going to copy (execs) into default.
To do this, check (execs) by clicking on the checkbox
or navigating over and hitting x.
Type y to add it to the clipboard (basket).
Go into default and press p to paste it.
Hit shift-z to clear the clipboard.
- Now, to create a new field, hit shift-n
and call it result.
Edit the data to be $count.map:result
(double-click on it or press shift-e).
This will tell the servlet to look in the count.map
file and pull out the line with result as the key.
Also edit displayName to be result.
- Now, go to the table that's on the trail domains | examples | execs | (all)
and hit shift-r to refresh.
A new result column should show up with the value 12.
Manipulating executions
- If we have a lot of executions, we want to group them
into folders rather than looking at (all).
Go up to domains | examples | execs by pressing u.
- Hit shift-n to create a new execution view.
If you're lazy, you can leave the name empty, and it will
automatically fill it in with a distinct number
(there's always the description field if you want to be informative).
- Go into (all), check 0.exec,
copy it to the clipboard by hitting y,
go back into domains | examples | execs | 0
and paste it by hitting p.
No files are actually copied: we are simply manipulating
references.
- We can also remove an execution from this view:
check it and type a r enter (note that this is actually
selecting the action from the actions menu).
Important: for this removal to have any effect,
we need to save it by typing a s enter.
Note that removal doesn't delete anything on disk;
it simply removes it from this view.
- Purging is different. To purge an execution,
check it and type a p enter.
After purging, we won't be able to see it on the web servlet
anymore (but in fact, the file was just renamed to
0.exec.purged, which you have to go delete manually).
- While an execution is running
type a k enter to kill it.

Press shift-r to refresh and note that the status
has changed from running to killed.


I re-created one of my all time favourite Atari games as a child PONG, a simple yet very addictive two player game. Click check it out below to play my game on codepen!
Check it outHere is a simple terminal game I made based on the classic game SNAKE, it can be played on terminal of your IDE once compiled. Click check it out below to fork and use the code yourself!
Check it out


102 Dalmatians (2000) 2 stars out of 4. Starring Glenn Close, Gerard DePardieu, Ioan Gruffudd, Alice Evans, Tim McInnerny and Ben Crompton. Screenplay by Kristen Buckley and Brian Regan and Bob Tzudiker and Noni White. Story by Buckley and Regan. Directed by Kevin Lima.
102 Dalmatians is a so-so sequel to a so-so comedy.
More a rehash of the original, 102 Dalmatians finds the evil Cruella DeVil still obsessing over those adorable doggies as she schemes to capture them to use their pelts for a new coat ó plus hood.
The film is rather slow in the beginning, and doesnít really pick up speed until the break-neck, cartoonish finale in which the Dalmatians give Cruella her comeuppance.
However, this is a film for the little ones, who will enjoy the animal antics as well as Glenn Closeís over-the-top, slapstick performance as Cruella.
Most of the characters are bland and the story and situations are merely passable. Even the various animals, with one exception, lack any real personality.
Only Waddlesworth, a parrot who thinks heís a dog, shows any spark, and that is because he is voiced by the wonderful Eric Idle.
102 Dalmatians is not a bad movie. Itís just fails to offer anything extraordinary.
Close is divinely wicked and witchlike in her outlandish manner and color costumes. Of course she steals the show. In fact, the movie just founders when she is off screen.
The white-bread young lovers, Kevin (Ioan Gruffudd) and Chloe (Alice Evans), are as charismatic as a presidential wannabe. They are kind of dull, and we really donít care a whit about them.
Gerard Depardieu is hammy as the evil Le Pelt, cohort of Cruella. After making so many American movies, his English remains as fractured as Pepe LePewís.
Close, of course, earns the good sport award for enduring the indignities heaped upon Cruella, including being dumped in vats of cake mix and baked in an oven. Through it all, she keeps a twinkle in her eye, and her tongue rooted in her cheek.
Of the Dalmatians, only the puppy Oddball stands out, and that is because he is spotless, and spends most of the movie trying to rectify that situation.
The movie does have a couple of clever moments. While Kevin and Chloe are out on a date, the dogs decide to watch a video and choose Lady and the Tramp. Director Kevin Lima ó one of the directors of last yearís animated hit, Tarzan ó then cuts back and forth between the famous dining scene in the cartoon and Kevin and Chloe dining at an Italian restaurant. It is a clever bit, one of the few the film offers.
102 Dalmatians is harmless. Itís a simplistic, cartoonish film definitely aimed at the younger set.
Bob Bloom is the film critic at the Journal and Courier. in Lafayette, IN He can be reached by e-mail at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>For more of Bloom's reviews, go to golafayette at www.jconline.com Reviews by Bob Bloom also can be found on the Web at the Internet Movie Database site: http://www.imdb.com/M/reviews_by?Bob+Bloom
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Install Dependencies using the "bower install" command. If you don't have the Bower Package Manager, install it using the instructions on their official site.
 You can obviously also start from scratch if you want.
| Product Name | SKU | |
| Dolor Fusce | 654-1816 | |
| Eu Sem Pellentesque | 937-5793 | |
| Maecenas | 682-9676 | |
| Augue Porttitor | 389-1087 | |
| Dapibus | 893-7857 | |
| Eleifend | 1-783-967-8521 | |
| Tincidunt | 486-7965 | |
| Et | 462-2201 |


Two Instances with Unique Properties
Version Three
Press the buttons to access two instances of the same object, each with its own unique properties.
Access Point1
Access Point2


Viral Pictures of Dr M and Tun Siti Hasmah on a Date is Relationship Goals
by Fadzly HanaffiTap to listen to this article instead: 🔊 Listen to Post
Taking to Instagram, Malaysian Prime Minister, and husband to Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah Mohd Ali, Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad shows what true relationship goals are as pictures of him taking his wife for a morning stroll went viral.
Photographs of the couple, which made its way on social media shows the couple strolling around the capital in their car, sharing a meal and do what all couples would do when they are on a date.
The post which writes, “Once in a while, (I) take Hasmah out dating in KL” was coupled with images of them out and about during their free time.
The images, believed to be taken as they travel through KL and share a spot of breakfast in Bukit Bintang, has garnered more than 181k likes.
Here are some images of their date.
Truly an example for young couples of today, Tun M and Tun Dr. Siti Hasmah has shown that they still got it despite being together all these years.
We sincerely hope that many more will make the Tun M – Tun Siti Hasmah relationship an example to emulate. It just goes to show that no matter how busy you are, always spare some time for your loved ones.
Also read: The Loving Way Mahathir Looks at Siti Hasmah and Giggles Is Relationship Goals!


Tourists organize their plans around main attractions, limiting them to generic foreign experiences. O gives tourists authentic experiences through local, user-generated, spontaneous events that leave them saying, "Oh!"
Delivers up-to-date user-generated events within your vicinity.
Marks familiar locations to help you navigate to your destination safely.
Check in at an event or post your own so everyone can join in on the fun.


When and Where are the Police being Dispatched?
Charting Dispatches by Neighborhood and Time
Writing about this project goes here. I'll describe why I am interested in this data and how it is processed. Police dispatches are a serious topic and I, a serious man, am approaching the topic appropriately.
A second paragraph will drive the point home. Police are bad, but some are good. And sometimes they do things that are important.
| Date | Address | Incident Type |
|---|---|---|
{{ event.createdate }} |
{{ event.address }} |
{{ event.incident }} |


https://code.google.com/archive/p/webapplicationfingerprinter/
https://web.archive.org/web/20120121175313/www.mytty.org/wafp/
WAFP is a Web Application Finger Printer written in ruby using a SQLite3 DB.
How it works?
WAFP fetches the files given by the Finger Prints from a webserver and checks if the checksums of those files are matching to the given checksums from the Finger Prints. This way it is able to detect the detailed version and even the build number of a Web Application.
In detail?
A Web Application Finger Print consits of a set of relative file locations in conjunction with their md5sums. It is made based on a production or example installation of a Web Application or just out of an extracted Web Application install files tarball.
2. samples:
#################################################################
- a specific fingerprint with verbose mode enabled:
wafp.rb --verbose -p phpmyadmin https://phpmyadmin.example.de
VERBOSE: loading the fingerprint database to the ram...
Collecting the files we need to fetch ...
Fetching needed files (#432), calculating checksums and storing the results to the database:
............................................................................................
VERBOSE: request for "/themes/darkblue_orange/img/b_info.png" produced "Connection refused - connect(2)" for 1 times - retrying...
............................................................................................
Checking gathered/stored checksums (#432) against the selected product (phpmyadmin) versions (#87) checksums:
.......................................................................................
found the following matches (limited to 10):
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
phpmyadmin-<IP_ADDRESS> 296 / 299 (98.99%)
phpmyadmin-<IP_ADDRESS> 295 / 299 (98.66%)
phpmyadmin-<IP_ADDRESS> 295 / 299 (98.66%)
phpmyadmin-<IP_ADDRESS> 295 / 299 (98.66%)
phpmyadmin-<IP_ADDRESS> 295 / 299 (98.66%)
phpmyadmin-2.11.8 295 / 299 (98.66%)
phpmyadmin-<IP_ADDRESS> 295 / 299 (98.66%)
phpmyadmin-2.11.9 295 / 299 (98.66%)
phpmyadmin-2.11.4 294 / 299 (98.33%)
phpmyadmin-<IP_ADDRESS> 294 / 299 (98.33%)
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
WAFP 0.01-26c3 - - - - - - - - - http://mytty.org/wafp/
VERBOSE: Returncode stats:
VERBOSE: Ret-Code 200 #302
VERBOSE: Ret-Code 404 #130
VERBOSE: deleting the temporary database entries for scan "472312620367191262036719_httpsphpmyadmin.example.de" ...
- a regular fingerprint without verbose mode enabled:
wafp.rb http://blog.example.org/
Collecting and fetching the files we need to identify the product ...
..................................................................................
Identified Product: serendipity (80.00 %)
Collecting the files we need to fetch ...
Fetching needed files (#1506), calculating checksums and storing the results to the database:
..................................................................................
Checking gathered/stored checksums (#1506) against the selected product (serendipity) versions (#33) checksums:
.................................
found the following matches (limited to 10):
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
serendipity-1.3 430 / 571 (75.31%)
serendipity-1.3.1 430 / 571 (75.31%)
serendipity-1.2 407 / 554 (73.47%)
serendipity-1.2.1 408 / 556 (73.38%)
serendipity-1.0.2 326 / 448 (72.77%)
serendipity-1.0 326 / 448 (72.77%)
serendipity-1.0.4a 326 / 448 (72.77%)
serendipity-1.0.1 326 / 448 (72.77%)
serendipity-1.0.3a 326 / 449 (72.61%)
serendipity-1.1.3 349 / 482 (72.41%)
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
WAFP 0.01-26c3 - - - - - - - - - http://mytty.org/wafp/


Composer reveals the real purpose of first PlayStation's jingle
The jingle was designed to be more than just pleasing to the ear
by Dom Peppiatt, Sarah McGeeIt's been 25 years since the first PlayStation was launched and long-term gamers will remember the iconic sound that the PS1 made when it was turned on.
However, did you know that it was more than just a generic jingle?
According to the Daily Star , the audio clip designed to check the 'health' of your console after it had been switched on.
Takafumi Fujisawa, composer of the PS1 told Game Informer: "The function of this sound is to tell the user that the hardware is running like it is supposed to, and that the disc has successfully been read.
To add, the swooshing reverse sound [in the PS1 sequence] is designed so that it can go into loop if the disc couldn’t be read, and we can understand if something went wrong.”
The composer also added that he wanted the sound to be both practical and pleasing to the ear.
He said: "I thought of the structure, selected the tones, and gathered the instruments in two weeks, and the studio work was done essentially in two days.
"I kept thinking from the start that I wanted the sound image to be something exciting, like that feeling when you walk into a cinema. I really wanted to communicate and reinforce that something fun is going to happen."
Retro gamers will agree that Mr Fujisawa achieved his goals, as the PlayStation jingle is one of the most notable gaming sounds around.


Our customers span a wide range of sizes and industries from large international companies to local business such as restaurants. Part of our success comes from our flexibility & ability to 'fine tune' the way we do business to accommodate the specific needs of each customer. We do not simply offer products, we offer solutions. Regardless of the size of your Organization, we take a flexible, responsive approach to your needs. If you would like to speak with a sales representative to find out more about our capabilities, please feel free to contact us.
Changes to this policy
We reserve the right to make changes to our policies at any time. We will not notify you of any such changes, accordingly we recommend that you check this website periodically to determine if changes have been made. These policies were last modified on January 3, 2014.
Your consent
By using this website or transacting business with our company by any means, you consent to our Terms of Sale & User Agreement.
Submit an online request to have a sales rep contact you
The form below will allow you to quickly contact us. A sales representative will promptly review your information and contact to discuss your specific needs and provide product recommendations.
Garment caution
All garments shown in this web site catalog have normal flammability and do not provide protection from ignition sources, molten substances, or from chemical exposures unless specifically stated in the garment description..
Garment care
Always follow instructions shown on the care label affixed to each garment. Garment care information for garments shown on our website is available upon request..
Guarantee
MIT UNIFORM guarantees all products to be from from manufacturing defects and will replace any garment found to be defective provided that the merchandise is returned in accordance with our return policy. All garments are manufactured by a third party outside MIT UNIFORM who reserves the right to make a final determination as to whether or not a product is defective. No other warranty is made, either expressed or implied, including no guarantee of fitness for a particular use or purpose..
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All sales are final. Once placed, orders may not be cancelled or changed. We will allow exchanges for sizes, colors, defective merchandise or changes to different garments but no refunds or open merchandise credits will be issued. Please see our return policy for additional information.
Use of this website or printed materials
This website may not be used for any unlawful purpose. All material included in this website is intended solely for your use in transacting business directly with us. You may not copy, modify, transmit, distribute, exploit or use any information on this website in part or in whole for any other reason without the express written consent of MIT UNIFORM. You may not alter this website or the information contained herein for any reason. You may not create or publish a link to this website to be used by any party outside of MIT UNIFORM.
Copyright & trademark notice
All of the information included in this website is protected by intellectual property laws. All content is owned by either MIT UNIFORM, it's subsidiaries, affiliates, licensors or suppliers. All information in the website is Copyright 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 MIT UNIFORM. All rights reserved. You may not alter, copy, distribute or otherwise use our company name, logo, web address, artwork and/or all other information included in this website in part or in whole. The name MIT UNIFORM and certain other information contained in the website is a trademark of MIT UNIFORM. Certain information, designs, logos, names, photography and other information included in this website that is not the property or MIT UNIFORM is a trademark or copyright protected by other parties.
Liability disclaimer & indemnification
By using this website and/or printed materials you agree to indemnify, defend and hold harmless MIT UNIFORM from any liability resulting from any reason. The information included in this website is provided 'as is' and may contain errors or omissions and is provided without warrantee of any kind. All information including pricing and specifications is subject to change without notice. No warranty is made, either expressed or implied, including no guarantee of fitness for a particular use or purpose.


Check out this site on GitHub! Check out the source code of this site on GitHub!
Encoded statuses
On Discord, Vestergurkan's statuses often contain cryptic messages. The solutions to non-current statuses are posted here.
| Name | Encoding | Solution |
|---|---|---|
|
Mptu jo tqbdf boe ujnf
20 May, 2021
|
Caesar cipher |
Lost in space and time
Shift by 1.
|
|
Hotel Echo Lima Lima Oscar Whiskey Oscar
Romeo Lima Delta
21 May, 2021
|
ICAO spelling alphabet |
Hello world
Use a reference of the spelling alphabet,
where each word represents a letter.
|
|
Rlsm'w kny ioay hisgmem iw st ngp?
22 May, 2021
|
Vigenère cipher |
What's the real meaning of it all?
The key is "vestergurkan", and is set to
repeat.
|
|
?yhW
23 May, 2021
|
Reversed |
Why?
Reverse the string.
|
|
ababb aaaaa babba aaaab aabaa abbaa abbab
baaba
24 May, 2021
|
Bacon cipher |
Maybe not
Letter 1: a; letter 2: b.
|
|
LIsten to KernEls With ArT and mERe linux
25 May, 2021
|
Capital letters |
Like water
Combine the capital letters into a single
sentence.
|
|
Gsrh rh wruurxfog
26 May, 2021
|
Atbash cipher |
This is difficult
A→Z, B→Y, C→X, and so on.
|
|
This is encrypted
27 May, 2021
|
No encryption |
This is encrypted
It is already decrypted.
|


Calypso Rynkowski
Portfolio
About
Resume
Movie and TV Ratings
Projects
Code on GitHub
Movie Avalibility and Ratings
View Here
Packages
: Pandas, Numpy, Matplotlib, Seaborn, Plotly
TV Avalibility and Ratings
View Here
Packages
: Pandas, Numpy, Matplotlib, Seaborn, Plotly
James Bond Ratings
View Here
Packages
: Pandas, Numpy, Matplotlib, Seaborn, Plotly


Quake maps show shaky East Bay soil
Risk of 'liquefaction' in north Alameda County
Friday, February 21, 2003
|
|
The seismic time bomb ticking under the Bay Area could wreak especially widespread damage in heavily populated parts of the East Bay, according to new earthquake-hazard maps announced Thursday.
Broad expanses of northern Alameda County's flatlands fall into a "liquefaction" risk zone, meaning the soil could shake like a bowl of jelly in a major quake. It's the same phenomenon that struck the San Francisco Marina in the 1989 Loma Prieta quake.
The new maps also show the hills thickly mottled with patches of potential landslide areas. The color charts were issued under state law requiring property sellers to disclose potential liquefaction or landslide risk. The law also requires geologic studies for new construction.
"Just because you live in one of these zones, it doesn't mean the end of the world," said Darryl Young, director of the state Department of Conservation, which presented the maps at a news conference in Berkeley.
"It's just a wake-up call," he said. "This is about reducing fear and giving people constructive things they can do. . . . Unless you know where you live and how the ground likely will perform, you can't start to prepare for a quake."
The maps show only whether a property lies within a liquefaction or landslide zone. They don't show relative risk within the zones. The risk within a zone varies considerably, depending on the type of soil, subsurface water and terrain.
In Berkeley, which Young praised as a leader in earthquake preparedness, about 40 percent of the city lies within the two zones, estimated city mapping analyst Brian Quinn. Much of Oakland and San Leandro also are included, and all of Alameda and Emeryville fall into the liquefaction areas.
The zones are being created throughout the state under a 1990 law passed after Loma Prieta.
Any person selling a property within the zones must disclose it, just as they do the property's presence in a flood plain. New commercial buildings occupied by humans and new residential projects of at least four units in the zones must conduct a geologic survey to obtain a building permit. Whether single-family homes, duplexes or triplexes will need to do such studies is left up to the local city or county.
The law takes effect whenever the map for that area is officially certified.
San Francisco's was adopted in 2000. Alameda County's was approved Feb. 14, though state officials didn't stage their public debut until Thursday.
Young and other officials sought both to ring an alarm about the Bay Area's seismic danger and to offer help on how to be prepared.
"We know that in the next 30 years, there is a greater than 70 percent chance of a major earthquake," he said. "The Loma Prieta quake was not the big one. The Loma Prieta quake was in Santa Cruz County 50 miles away."
He urged citizens to consult the new maps to find out if their property lies in one of the zones by downloading them from the department Web site at gmw.consrv.ca.gov/shmp/. They can be purchased in black and white -- call<PHONE_NUMBER> -- or in color -- call<PHONE_NUMBER> or<PHONE_NUMBER> -- or viewed at the department's San Francisco office at 185 Berry St., Suite 210.
If citizens find their property in a potential risk zone, they should consult their insurance agent, a local builder or their city for advice, he said. Solutions can be as simple as securing heavy objects or as relatively inexpensive as bolting a house to its foundation.
For those wanting detailed information on the risk within the zones, the Association of Bay Area Governments and United States Geological Survey have several maps showing comparative risks for liquefaction, landslides and ground- shaking.
For example, ABAG's interactive "Liquefaction Susceptibility" map can be accessed at gis.abag.ca.gov/website/liq/viewer.htm. The USGS liquefaction map for northern Alameda County is at quake.wr.usgs.gov/prepare/alameda.html.
E-mail Charles Burress at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Page A - 23


Huang Hai is a MS&E master student in Stanford University. He comes from Hong Kong and finishes undergraduate in the University of Hong Kong. He is taking CS147 this quarter. He did not take a lot of CS classes before, but after coming to Stanford he has become more and more interested in Computer Scince.


Note
Click here to download the full example code
Creating Extensions Using numpy and scipy¶
Author: Adam Paszke
Updated by: Adam Dziedzic
In this tutorial, we shall go through two tasks:
Create a neural network layer with no parameters.
This calls into numpy as part of its implementation
Create a neural network layer that has learnable weights
This calls into SciPy as part of its implementation
import torch
from torch.autograd import Function
Parameter-less example¶
This layer doesn’t particularly do anything useful or mathematically correct.
It is aptly named BadFFTFunction
Layer Implementation
from numpy.fft import rfft2, irfft2
class BadFFTFunction(Function):
@staticmethod
def forward(ctx, input):
numpy_input = input.detach().numpy()
result = abs(rfft2(numpy_input))
return input.new(result)
@staticmethod
def backward(ctx, grad_output):
numpy_go = grad_output.numpy()
result = irfft2(numpy_go)
return grad_output.new(result)
# since this layer does not have any parameters, we can
# simply declare this as a function, rather than as an nn.Module class
def incorrect_fft(input):
return BadFFTFunction.apply(input)
Example usage of the created layer:
input = torch.randn(8, 8, requires_grad=True)
result = incorrect_fft(input)
print(result)
result.backward(torch.randn(result.size()))
print(input)
Out:
tensor([[ 7.9510, 2.0519, 10.2741, 9.6876, 8.7347],
[ 7.4178, 10.8050, 8.3534, 1.8842, 5.2245],
[12.4418, 6.2756, 1.9519, 2.8707, 12.7355],
[11.7369, 2.8320, 5.2812, 2.3679, 8.0532],
[ 3.9640, 1.1208, 12.4903, 18.2612, 2.4405],
[11.7369, 15.1348, 12.4450, 2.1481, 8.0532],
[12.4418, 10.5151, 2.7079, 4.3103, 12.7355],
[ 7.4178, 5.4150, 3.9151, 4.8838, 5.2245]],
grad_fn=<BadFFTFunctionBackward>)
tensor([[ 0.3557, -0.9108, 1.4470, 0.5201, 0.2212, 0.9580, 1.7464, 1.2542],
[-0.2419, 0.5527, -0.3832, -1.5290, -0.2214, -1.6303, 1.9551, 1.5196],
[-1.1560, -0.0640, 0.1568, 1.2196, -1.0803, 0.7986, -1.4294, 0.5556],
[-2.9301, -0.0885, -0.3691, 0.0201, -0.6448, 0.2883, 1.0966, -0.2539],
[ 1.7118, -0.0290, -0.6689, 0.1399, -0.1233, 0.1554, -1.1088, 0.8339],
[-0.7197, 2.2919, 1.3867, 0.3575, 1.4467, 0.0799, 1.6031, -0.5935],
[-0.8967, -0.6798, 0.1385, 0.4118, 0.2282, -1.4168, -1.3391, 0.0440],
[-0.9013, 2.2670, 0.4332, 1.2198, 0.1656, -0.7074, -0.2705, 0.7580]],
requires_grad=True)
Parametrized example¶
In deep learning literature, this layer is confusingly referred to as convolution while the actual operation is cross-correlation (the only difference is that filter is flipped for convolution, which is not the case for cross-correlation).
Implementation of a layer with learnable weights, where cross-correlation has a filter (kernel) that represents weights.
The backward pass computes the gradient wrt the input and the gradient wrt the filter.
from numpy import flip
import numpy as np
from scipy.signal import convolve2d, correlate2d
from torch.nn.modules.module import Module
from torch.nn.parameter import Parameter
class ScipyConv2dFunction(Function):
@staticmethod
def forward(ctx, input, filter, bias):
# detach so we can cast to NumPy
input, filter, bias = input.detach(), filter.detach(), bias.detach()
result = correlate2d(input.numpy(), filter.numpy(), mode='valid')
result += bias.numpy()
ctx.save_for_backward(input, filter, bias)
return torch.as_tensor(result, dtype=input.dtype)
@staticmethod
def backward(ctx, grad_output):
grad_output = grad_output.detach()
input, filter, bias = ctx.saved_tensors
grad_output = grad_output.numpy()
grad_bias = np.sum(grad_output, keepdims=True)
grad_input = convolve2d(grad_output, filter.numpy(), mode='full')
# the previous line can be expressed equivalently as:
# grad_input = correlate2d(grad_output, flip(flip(filter.numpy(), axis=0), axis=1), mode='full')
grad_filter = correlate2d(input.numpy(), grad_output, mode='valid')
return torch.from_numpy(grad_input), torch.from_numpy(grad_filter).to(torch.float), torch.from_numpy(grad_bias).to(torch.float)
class ScipyConv2d(Module):
def __init__(self, filter_width, filter_height):
super(ScipyConv2d, self).__init__()
self.filter = Parameter(torch.randn(filter_width, filter_height))
self.bias = Parameter(torch.randn(1, 1))
def forward(self, input):
return ScipyConv2dFunction.apply(input, self.filter, self.bias)
Example usage:
module = ScipyConv2d(3, 3)
print("Filter and bias: ", list(module.parameters()))
input = torch.randn(10, 10, requires_grad=True)
output = module(input)
print("Output from the convolution: ", output)
output.backward(torch.randn(8, 8))
print("Gradient for the input map: ", input.grad)
Out:
Filter and bias: [Parameter containing:
tensor([[ 1.5273, 0.7523, 0.0411],
[-0.2011, 0.0827, 0.3737],
[-0.7210, 0.3822, -0.4050]], requires_grad=True), Parameter containing:
tensor([[-3.5070]], requires_grad=True)]
Output from the convolution: tensor([[-2.3246, -2.7894, -1.6711, -1.1995, -3.1823, -2.8117, -4.5785, -4.4572],
[-2.6517, -3.8064, -5.0635, -4.6945, -3.8321, -3.2511, 0.0284, -3.7120],
[-2.9281, -3.0354, -4.2357, -4.7824, 0.3629, -4.5895, -0.9327, -3.3283],
[-4.9490, -2.3353, -3.4370, -4.3895, -4.3059, -3.0110, -5.6789, -3.3149],
[-4.2029, -4.1328, -5.0775, -3.1698, -4.5017, -4.0586, -4.1930, -3.1943],
[-4.7890, -4.2393, -3.5811, -2.9474, -2.8739, -5.2570, -4.0210, -3.6634],
[-4.6153, -6.0276, -3.5015, -4.1126, 1.4308, -5.6348, -4.2248, -5.0023],
[ 0.0084, -4.4485, -2.4375, -2.6758, -3.1516, -1.1403, -1.1276, -5.4115]],
grad_fn=<ScipyConv2dFunctionBackward>)
Gradient for the input map: tensor([[-0.6119, 1.8663, -0.6398, -0.2470, -0.4853, 1.6281, 1.4278, -1.0848,
-0.6643, -0.0370],
[-1.7394, -0.3440, 1.6221, -0.6280, 1.2644, 2.0018, 0.3681, 3.8079,
1.5880, -0.2518],
[ 1.7046, -1.4637, -0.0927, -1.0452, 0.7037, 0.1228, 1.4603, -0.2066,
-0.3894, 1.1303],
[ 1.0709, -1.3305, -0.5099, -1.7725, -1.3356, 0.7839, -3.1783, 0.6388,
2.3138, -0.7639],
[-0.8990, -0.1134, -0.0431, 0.1927, 0.8156, -0.6545, 3.4982, -0.8190,
-0.6427, 0.8627],
[ 0.2787, -2.1539, -0.3749, 1.3023, -3.3598, 0.7789, -0.8688, -3.2886,
1.9759, -1.0557],
[ 0.1830, 2.0046, 0.4348, -0.0930, 1.5834, 0.6401, -0.0783, 0.7774,
-1.4378, 0.0957],
[ 1.3219, 3.1393, -1.1867, -3.8184, -3.6072, -1.5087, 2.3106, 0.0574,
1.0681, -0.0996],
[-0.2476, -0.6476, 0.6807, 0.5099, -0.7920, -1.1204, -1.3405, 0.5914,
-0.4028, 0.2900],
[-0.7222, -0.1268, 0.0724, 1.9563, -0.2724, 0.6791, 0.5209, -0.3266,
0.1003, -0.1422]])
Check the gradients:
from torch.autograd.gradcheck import gradcheck
moduleConv = ScipyConv2d(3, 3)
input = [torch.randn(20, 20, dtype=torch.double, requires_grad=True)]
test = gradcheck(moduleConv, input, eps=1e-6, atol=1e-4)
print("Are the gradients correct: ", test)
Out:
Are the gradients correct: True
Total running time of the script: ( 0 minutes 0.326 seconds)


Check out one of my scripts.
Make a Wheel of Fortune in just a few seconds.
A standard HTML and CSS based on HTML5 Boilerplate, Nathan Smith's 960 grid and pieces from Bootstrap 3. Also provided: coding guidelines to make everyting consistent.
A paginated gallery slider.


|
DESERT
3.0
|
#include <minterpreterTEL.h>
Public Member Functions | |
| MinterpreterTEL (UWMdriver *) | |
| ~MinterpreterTEL () | |
| std::string | build_poweron_DSP (int _step) |
| std::string | build_poweroff_DSP (int _step) |
| std::string | build_busy_FPGA () |
| std::string | build_stop_listen () |
| std::string | build_config_DSP (int _gain, int _chipset, int _sl, int _th, int _mps_th) |
| std::string | build_recv_data (int msg_bytes, int _stop_f, double _delay) |
| std::string | build_send_ctrl (std::string _ctrl, int _delay_f, double _delay) |
| std::string | build_send_data (std::string _data, int _delay_f, double _delay) |
| std::string | build_bitrate (int _bitrate) |
| std::string | build_clear_tx () |
| void | parse_TELEGRAM (std::string telegram) |
| Public Member Functions inherited from UWMinterpreter | |
| UWMinterpreter (UWMdriver *) | |
| ~UWMinterpreter () | |
Private Attributes | |
| double | rx_integrity |
Additional Inherited Members | |
| Protected Attributes inherited from UWMinterpreter | |
| UWMdriver * | pmDriver |
| int | debug_ |
Class used to build and parse TELEGRAMS (this class derives UWMinterpreter); currently, this class implements methods to build/parse:
Definition at line 65 of file minterpreterTEL.h.
| MinterpreterTEL::MinterpreterTEL | ( | UWMdriver * | pmDriver_ | ) |
Class constructor.
| pmDriver_ | pointer to the UWMdriver object to link with this UWMinterpreter object. |
Definition at line 126 of file minterpreterTEL.cpp.
| MinterpreterTEL::~MinterpreterTEL | ( | ) |
Class destructor.
Definition at line 133 of file minterpreterTEL.cpp.
| std::string MinterpreterTEL::build_bitrate | ( | int | _bitrate | ) |
Method for building the TELEGRAM that will set the bitrate used for transmission.
| _bitrate |
Definition at line 268 of file minterpreterTEL.cpp.
| std::string MinterpreterTEL::build_busy_FPGA | ( | ) |
Method which builds the string to ask the DSP if it is busy doing modulation/demodulation.
The pin under consideration is a read-only pin.
Definition at line 181 of file minterpreterTEL.cpp.
| std::string MinterpreterTEL::build_clear_tx | ( | ) |
Method for building the COMMAND that will clear the tx_on pin.
Definition at line 287 of file minterpreterTEL.cpp.
| std::string MinterpreterTEL::build_config_DSP | ( | int | _gain, |
| int | _chipset, | ||
| int | _sl, | ||
| int | _th, | ||
| int | _mps_th | ||
| ) |
Method for building the TELEGRAM that will allow configuring the DSP.
It sets basic settings like gain and source level.
| _gain | |
| _chipset | |
| _sl | |
| _th | |
| mps_th |
Definition at line 193 of file minterpreterTEL.cpp.
| std::string MinterpreterTEL::build_poweroff_DSP | ( | int | _step | ) |
Method for building the string for turning off the DSP of the modem which basically turns off the physical layer.
Steps go from 1 to 3.
| _step | At which step of the turn off process are you (1-3)? |
Definition at line 161 of file minterpreterTEL.cpp.
| std::string MinterpreterTEL::build_poweron_DSP | ( | int | _step | ) |
Method for building the string that allow turning on the DSP of the modem, which basically turns on the physical layer: it is made up of four steps, numbered from 1 to 4,and there is a short interval of 1 second in the middle of the procedure.
| _step | At which step of the turn on process are you (1-4)? |
Definition at line 138 of file minterpreterTEL.cpp.
| std::string MinterpreterTEL::build_recv_data | ( | int | msg_bytes, |
| int | _stop_f, | ||
| double | _delay | ||
| ) |
Method for building the TELEGRAM that will allow receiving BITS, wheter CONTROL or DATA messages.
It basically switches the physical layer to detect signals and demodulate them. Any new TELEGRAM automatically makes the physical layer to exit this mode.
| _stop_f | Flag to tell the firmware to stop listening after _stop |
| _delay | Time to wait before shutting stopping listening |
Definition at line 210 of file minterpreterTEL.cpp.
| std::string MinterpreterTEL::build_send_ctrl | ( | std::string | _ctrl, |
| int | _delay_f, | ||
| double | _delay | ||
| ) |
Method for building the TELEGRAM that will transmit CONTROL messages, which are short messanges of maximum length with fixed bitrate.
The bitrate is ? and maximum allowed length is ?.
| _crtl | |
| _delay_f | |
| _delay |
Definition at line 228 of file minterpreterTEL.cpp.
| std::string MinterpreterTEL::build_send_data | ( | std::string | _data, |
| int | _delay_f, | ||
| double | _delay | ||
| ) |
Method for building the TELEGRAM that will send DATA messages.
The maximum allowed length of DATA messages is 7881
| _data | |
| _delay_f | Flag to tell the firmware to real _delay |
| _delay | Can make the operation to wait some maount of time |
Definition at line 248 of file minterpreterTEL.cpp.
| std::string MinterpreterTEL::build_stop_listen | ( | ) |
Method which builds the TELEGRAM that makes the physical layer to exit the listen mode.
The modem stops listening for incoming signals asnd returns a timestamp.
Definition at line 187 of file minterpreterTEL.cpp.
| void MinterpreterTEL::parse_TELEGRAM | ( | std::string | telegram | ) |
Method for parsing what is received upon receiving a TELEGRAM.
| _received |
Definition at line 294 of file minterpreterTEL.cpp.
|
private |
Integrity of the last received packet.
Definition at line 69 of file minterpreterTEL.h.


Installation¶
Getting the source code¶
You can start with the latest stable release . Or if you want the latest version, you can clone the git repository
git clone https://ceres-solver.googlesource.com/ceres-solver
Dependencies¶
Ceres relies on a number of open source libraries, some of which are optional. For details on customizing the build process, see Customizing the build .
Eigen 3.2.2 or later strongly recommended, 3.1.0 or later required.
Note
Ceres can also use Eigen as a sparse linear algebra library. Please see the documentation for
EIGENSPARSE
for more details.CMake 2.8.0 or later. Required on all platforms except for Android.
glog 0.3.1 or later. Recommended
glog
is used extensively throughout Ceres for logging detailed information about memory allocations and time consumed in various parts of the solve, internal error conditions etc. The Ceres developers use it extensively to observe and analyze Ceres’s performance. glog allows you to control its behaviour from the command line. Starting with-logtostderr
you can add-v=N
for increasing values ofN
to get more and more verbose and detailed information about Ceres internals.Unfortunately, the current version of google-glog does not build using the Android NDK. So, Ceres also ships with a minimal replacement of
glog
calledminiglog
that can be enabled with theMINIGLOG
build option.So, in an attempt to reduce dependencies, it is tempting to use miniglog on platforms other than Android. While there is nothing preventing the user from doing so, we strongly recommend against it.
miniglog
has worse performance thanglog
and is much harder to control and use.Note
If you are compiling
glog
from source, please note that currently, the unit tests forglog
(which are enabled by default) do not compile against a default build ofgflags
2.1 as the gflags namespace changed fromgoogle::
togflags::
. A patch to fix this is available from here.gflags. Needed to build examples and tests.
SuiteSparse. Needed for solving large sparse linear systems. Optional; strongly recomended for large scale bundle adjustment
CXSparse. Similar to
SuiteSparse
but simpler and slower. CXSparse has no dependencies onLAPACK
andBLAS
. This makes for a simpler build process and a smaller binary. OptionalBLAS and LAPACK routines are needed by
SuiteSparse
, and optionally used by Ceres directly for some operations.TBB is a C++11 template library for parallel programming that optionally can be used as an alternative to OpenMP. Optional
On
UNIX
OSes other than Mac OS X we recommend ATLAS, which includesBLAS
andLAPACK
routines. It is also possible to use OpenBLAS . However, one needs to be careful to turn off the threading insideOpenBLAS
as it conflicts with use of threads in Ceres.Mac OS X ships with an optimized
LAPACK
andBLAS
implementation as part of theAccelerate
framework. The Ceres build system will automatically detect and use it.For Windows things are much more complicated. LAPACK For Windows has detailed instructions..
Optional but required for
SuiteSparse
.
Linux¶
We will use Ubuntu as our example linux distribution.
Note
Up to at least Ubuntu 14.04, the SuiteSparse package in the official package repository (built from SuiteSparse v3.4.0) cannot be used to build Ceres as a shared library. Thus if you want to build Ceres as a shared library using SuiteSparse, you must perform a source install of SuiteSparse or use an external PPA (see bug report here). It is recommended that you use the current version of SuiteSparse (4.2.1 at the time of writing).
Start by installing all the dependencies.
# CMake
sudo apt-get install cmake
# google-glog + gflags
sudo apt-get install libgoogle-glog-dev
# BLAS & LAPACK
sudo apt-get install libatlas-base-dev
# Eigen3
sudo apt-get install libeigen3-dev
# SuiteSparse and CXSparse (optional)
# - If you want to build Ceres as a *static* library (the default)
# you can use the SuiteSparse package in the main Ubuntu package
# repository:
sudo apt-get install libsuitesparse-dev
# - However, if you want to build Ceres as a *shared* library, you must
# add the following PPA:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bzindovic/suitesparse-bugfix-1319687
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libsuitesparse-dev
We are now ready to build, test, and install Ceres.
tar zxf ceres-solver-1.14.0.tar.gz
mkdir ceres-bin
cd ceres-bin
cmake ../ceres-solver-1.14.0
make -j3
make test
# Optionally install Ceres, it can also be exported using CMake which
# allows Ceres to be used without requiring installation, see the documentation
# for the EXPORT_BUILD_DIR option for more information.
make install
You can also try running the command line bundling application with one of the included problems, which comes from the University of Washington’s BAL dataset [Agarwal].
bin/simple_bundle_adjuster ../ceres-solver-1.14.0/data/problem-16-22106-pre.txt
This runs Ceres for a maximum of 10 iterations using the
DENSE_SCHUR
linear solver. The output should look something like
this.
iter cost cost_change |gradient| |step| tr_ratio tr_radius ls_iter iter_time total_time
0 4.185660e+06 0.00e+00 1.09e+08 0.00e+00 0.00e+00 1.00e+04 0 7.59e-02 3.37e-01
1 1.062590e+05 4.08e+06 8.99e+06 5.36e+02 9.82e-01 3.00e+04 1 1.65e-01 5.03e-01
2 4.992817e+04 5.63e+04 8.32e+06 3.19e+02 6.52e-01 3.09e+04 1 1.45e-01 6.48e-01
3 1.899774e+04 3.09e+04 1.60e+06 1.24e+02 9.77e-01 9.26e+04 1 1.43e-01 7.92e-01
4 1.808729e+04 9.10e+02 3.97e+05 6.39e+01 9.51e-01 2.78e+05 1 1.45e-01 9.36e-01
5 1.803399e+04 5.33e+01 1.48e+04 1.23e+01 9.99e-01 8.33e+05 1 1.45e-01 1.08e+00
6 1.803390e+04 9.02e-02 6.35e+01 8.00e-01 1.00e+00 2.50e+06 1 1.50e-01 1.23e+00
Ceres Solver v1.14.0 Solve Report
----------------------------------
Original Reduced
Parameter blocks 22122 22122
Parameters 66462 66462
Residual blocks 83718 83718
Residual<PHONE_NUMBER>36
Minimizer TRUST_REGION
Dense linear algebra library EIGEN
Trust region strategy LEVENBERG_MARQUARDT
Given Used
Linear solver DENSE_SCHUR DENSE_SCHUR
Threads 1 1
Linear solver threads 1 1
Linear solver ordering AUTOMATIC 22106, 16
Cost:
Initial 4.185660e+06
Final 1.803390e+04
Change 4.167626e+06
Minimizer iterations 6
Successful steps 6
Unsuccessful steps 0
Time (in seconds):
Preprocessor 0.261
Residual evaluation 0.082
Jacobian evaluation 0.412
Linear solver 0.442
Minimizer 1.051
Postprocessor 0.002
Total 1.357
Termination: CONVERGENCE (Function tolerance reached. |cost_change|/cost: 1.769766e-09 <= 1.000000e-06)
Mac OS X¶
Note
Ceres will not compile using Xcode 4.5.x (Clang version 4.1) due to a bug in that version of Clang. If you are running Xcode 4.5.x, please update to Xcode >= 4.6.x before attempting to build Ceres.
On OS X, you can either use MacPorts or Homebrew to install Ceres Solver.
If using MacPorts, then
sudo port install ceres-solver
will install the latest version.
If using Homebrew and assuming
that you have the homebrew/science
[1] tap enabled, then
brew install ceres-solver
will install the latest stable version along with all the required dependencies and
brew install ceres-solver --HEAD
will install the latest version in the git repo.
You can also install each of the dependencies by hand using Homebrew. There is no need to install
BLAS
or LAPACK
separately as OS X ships with optimized
BLAS
and LAPACK
routines as part of the vecLib
framework.
# CMake
brew install cmake
# google-glog and gflags
brew install glog
# Eigen3
brew install eigen
# SuiteSparse and CXSparse
brew install suite-sparse
We are now ready to build, test, and install Ceres.
tar zxf ceres-solver-1.14.0.tar.gz
mkdir ceres-bin
cd ceres-bin
cmake ../ceres-solver-1.14.0
make -j3
make test
# Optionally install Ceres, it can also be exported using CMake which
# allows Ceres to be used without requiring installation, see the
# documentation for the EXPORT_BUILD_DIR option for more information.
make install
Building with OpenMP on OS X¶
Up to at least Xcode 8, OpenMP support was disabled in Apple’s version of Clang. However, you can install the latest version of the LLVM toolchain from Homebrew which does support OpenMP, and thus build Ceres with OpenMP support on OS X. To do this, you must install llvm via Homebrew:
# Install latest version of LLVM toolchain.
brew install llvm
As the LLVM formula in Homebrew is keg-only, it will not be installed to
/usr/local
to avoid conflicts with the standard Apple LLVM toolchain.
To build Ceres with the Homebrew LLVM toolchain you should do the
following:
tar zxf ceres-solver-1.14.0.tar.gz
mkdir ceres-bin
cd ceres-bin
# Configure the local shell only (not persistent) to use the Homebrew LLVM
# toolchain in favour of the default Apple version. This is taken
# verbatim from the instructions output by Homebrew when installing the
# llvm formula.
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/llvm/lib -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/opt/llvm/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/llvm/include"
export PATH="/usr/local/opt/llvm/bin:$PATH"
# Force CMake to use the Homebrew version of Clang. OpenMP will be
# automatically enabled if it is detected that the compiler supports it.
cmake -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=/usr/local/opt/llvm/bin/clang -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=/usr/local/opt/llvm/bin/clang++ ../ceres-solver-1.14.0
make -j3
make test
# Optionally install Ceres. It can also be exported using CMake which
# allows Ceres to be used without requiring installation. See the
# documentation for the EXPORT_BUILD_DIR option for more information.
make install
Like the Linux build, you should now be able to run
bin/simple_bundle_adjuster
.
Footnotes
| [1] | Ceres and many of its dependencies are in homebrew/science tap. So, if you don’t have this tap enabled, then you will need to enable it as follows before executing any of the commands in this section. brew tap homebrew/science
|
Windows¶
Note
If you find the following CMake difficult to set up, then you may be interested in a Microsoft Visual Studio wrapper for Ceres Solver by Tal Ben-Nun.
On Windows, we support building with Visual Studio 2010 or newer. Note that the Windows port is less featureful and less tested than the Linux or Mac OS X versions due to the lack of an officially supported way of building SuiteSparse and CXSparse. There are however a number of unofficial ways of building these libraries. Building on Windows also a bit more involved since there is no automated way to install dependencies.
Note
Using google-glog
& miniglog
with windows.h.
The windows.h header if used with GDI (Graphics Device Interface)
defines ERROR
, which conflicts with the definition of ERROR
as a LogSeverity level in google-glog
and miniglog
. There
are at least two possible fixes to this problem:
- Use
google-glog
and defineGLOG_NO_ABBREVIATED_SEVERITIES
when building Ceres and your own project, as documented here. Note that this fix will not work forminiglog
, but use ofminiglog
is strongly discouraged on any platform for whichgoogle-glog
is available (which includes Windows). - If you do not require GDI, then define
NOGDI
before including windows.h. This solution should work for bothgoogle-glog
andminiglog
and is documented forgoogle-glog
here.
Make a toplevel directory for deps & build & src somewhere:
ceres/
Get dependencies; unpack them as subdirectories in
ceres/
(ceres/eigen
,ceres/glog
, etc)Eigen
3.1 (needed on Windows; 3.0.x will not work). There is no need to build anything; just unpack the source tarball.google-glog
Open up the Visual Studio solution and build it.gflags
Open up the Visual Studio solution and build it.- (Experimental)
SuiteSparse
Previously SuiteSparse was not available on Windows, recently it has become possible to build it on Windows using the suitesparse-metis-for-windows project. If you wish to useSuiteSparse
, follow their instructions for obtaining and building it. - (Experimental)
CXSparse
Previously CXSparse was not available on Windows, there are now several ports that enable it to be, including: [1] and [2]. If you wish to useCXSparse
, follow their instructions for obtaining and building it.
Unpack the Ceres tarball into
ceres
. For the tarball, you should get a directory insideceres
similar toceres-solver-1.3.0
. Alternately, checkout Ceres viagit
to getceres-solver.git
insideceres
.Install
CMake
,Make a dir
ceres/ceres-bin
(for an out-of-tree build)Run
CMake
; select theceres-solver-X.Y.Z
orceres-solver.git
directory for the CMake file. Then select theceres-bin
for the build dir.Try running
Configure
. It won’t work.  You’ll need to set:EIGEN_INCLUDE_DIR_HINTS
GLOG_INCLUDE_DIR_HINTS
GLOG_LIBRARY_DIR_HINTS
GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR_HINTS
GFLAGS_LIBRARY_DIR_HINTS
- (Optional)
SUITESPARSE_INCLUDE_DIR_HINTS
- (Optional)
SUITESPARSE_LIBRARY_DIR_HINTS
- (Optional)
CXSPARSE_INCLUDE_DIR_HINTS
- (Optional)
CXSPARSE_LIBRARY_DIR_HINTS
to the appropriate directories where you unpacked/built them. If any of the variables are not visible in the
CMake
GUI, create a new entry for them. We recommend using the<NAME>_(INCLUDE/LIBRARY)_DIR_HINTS
variables rather than setting the<NAME>_INCLUDE_DIR
&<NAME>_LIBRARY
variables directly to keep all of the validity checking, and to avoid having to specify the library files manually.You may have to tweak some more settings to generate a MSVC project. After each adjustment, try pressing Configure & Generate until it generates successfully.
Open the solution and build it in MSVC
To run the tests, select the RUN_TESTS
target and hit Build
RUN_TESTS from the build menu.
Like the Linux build, you should now be able to run
bin/simple_bundle_adjuster
.
Notes:
- The default build is Debug; consider switching it to release mode.
- Currently
system_test
is not working properly. - CMake puts the resulting test binaries in
ceres-bin/examples/Debug
by default. - The solvers supported on Windows are
DENSE_QR
,DENSE_SCHUR
,CGNR
, andITERATIVE_SCHUR
.
Android¶
Download the Android NDK
version r9d
or later. Run
ndk-build
from inside the jni
directory. Use the
libceres.a
that gets created.
iOS¶
Note
You need iOS version 7.0 or higher to build Ceres Solver.
To build Ceres for iOS, we need to force CMake
to find the
toolchains from the iOS SDK instead of using the standard ones. For
example:
cmake \
-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=../ceres-solver/cmake/iOS.cmake \
-DEIGEN_INCLUDE_DIR=/path/to/eigen/header \
-DIOS_PLATFORM=<PLATFORM> \
<PATH_TO_CERES_SOURCE>
PLATFORM
can be: OS
, SIMULATOR
or SIMULATOR64
. You can
build for OS
(armv7
, armv7s
, arm64
), SIMULATOR
(i386
) or SIMULATOR64
(x86_64
) separately and use lipo
to merge them into one static library. See cmake/iOS.cmake
for
more options.
Note
iOS version 11.0+ requires a 64-bit architecture, so you cannot build for armv7/armv7s with iOS 11.0+ (only arm64 is supported).
After building, you will get a libceres.a
library, which you will
need to add to your Xcode project.
The default CMake configuration builds a bare bones version of Ceres
Solver that only depends on Eigen (MINIGLOG
is compiled into Ceres
if it is used), this should be sufficient for solving small to
moderate sized problems (No SPARSE_SCHUR
,
SPARSE_NORMAL_CHOLESKY
linear solvers and no CLUSTER_JACOBI
and CLUSTER_TRIDIAGONAL
preconditioners).
If you decide to use LAPACK
and BLAS
, then you also need to
add Accelerate.framework
to your Xcode project’s linking
dependency.
Customizing the build¶
It is possible to reduce the libraries needed to build Ceres and
customize the build process by setting the appropriate options in
CMake
. These options can either be set in the CMake
GUI, or
via -D<OPTION>=<ON/OFF>
when running CMake
from the command
line. In general, you should only modify these options from their
defaults if you know what you are doing.
Note
If you are setting variables via -D<VARIABLE>=<VALUE>
when
calling CMake
, it is important to understand that this forcibly
overwrites the variable <VARIABLE>
in the CMake
cache at
the start of every configure.
This can lead to confusion if you are invoking the CMake
curses terminal GUI
(via ccmake
, e.g. `ccmake -D<VARIABLE>=<VALUE>
<PATH_TO_SRC>
). In this case, even if you change the value of
<VARIABLE>
in the CMake
GUI, your changes will be
overwritten with the value passed via -D<VARIABLE>=<VALUE>
(if one exists) at the start of each configure.
As such, it is generally easier not to pass values to CMake
via
-D
and instead interactively experiment with their values in the
CMake
GUI. If they are not present in the Standard View,
toggle to the Advanced View with <t>
.
Options controlling Ceres configuration¶
LAPACK [Default: ON]
: If this option is enabled, and theBLAS
andLAPACK
libraries are found, Ceres will enable direct use ofLAPACK
routines (i.e. Ceres itself will call them). If this option is disabled, then Ceres will not requireLAPACK
orBLAS
. It is however still possible that Ceres may callLAPACK
routines indirectly via SuiteSparse ifLAPACK=OFF
andSUITESPARSE=ON
. Finally note that ifLAPACK=ON
andSUITESPARSE=ON
, theLAPACK
andBLAS
libraries used by SuiteSparse and Ceres should be the same.SUITESPARSE [Default: ON]
: By default, Ceres will link toSuiteSparse
if it and all of its dependencies are present. Turn thisOFF
to build Ceres withoutSuiteSparse
.Note
SuiteSparse is licensed under a mixture of GPL/LGPL/Commercial terms. Ceres requires some components that are only licensed under GPL/Commercial terms.
CXSPARSE [Default: ON]
: By default, Ceres will link toCXSparse
if all its dependencies are present. Turn thisOFF
to build Ceres withoutCXSparse
.Note
CXSparse is licensed under the LGPL.
EIGENSPARSE [Default: OFF]
: By default, Ceres will not use Eigen’s sparse Cholesky factorization.Note
For good performance, use Eigen version 3.2.2 or later.
Note
Unlike the rest of Eigen (>= 3.1.1 MPL2, < 3.1.1 LGPL), Eigen’s sparse Cholesky factorization is (still) licensed under the LGPL.
GFLAGS [Default: ON]
: Turn thisOFF
to build Ceres withoutgflags
. This will also prevent some of the example code from building.MINIGLOG [Default: OFF]
: Ceres includes a stripped-down, minimal implementation ofglog
which can optionally be used as a substitute forglog
, thus removingglog
as a required dependency. Turn thisON
to use this minimalglog
implementation.SCHUR_SPECIALIZATIONS [Default: ON]
: If you are concerned about binary size/compilation time over some small (10-20%) performance gains in theSPARSE_SCHUR
solver, you can disable some of the template specializations by turning thisOFF
.OPENMP [Default: ON]
: On certain platforms like Android, multi-threading withOpenMP
is not supported. Turn thisOFF
to disable multi-threading.TBB [Default: OFF]
: An alternative toOpenMP
threading library that requires C++11. This option is mutually exclusive toOPENMP
andCXX11_THREADS
.Note
Up to and including version 4.4, TBB was licensed under GPL/Commercial terms. From 2017.x versions onwards, TBB is licensed under the Apache 2.0 license (and commerical terms).
CXX11_THREADS [Default: OFF]
: An alternative toOpenMP
threading library that uses a C++11 thread-pool. This option requires C++11 and is mutually exclusive toOPENMP
andTBB
.CXX11 [Default: OFF]
Although Ceres does not currently require C++11, it does use
shared_ptr
(required) andunordered_map
(if available); both of which existed in the previous iterations of what became the C++11 standard: TR1 & C++0x. As such, Ceres can compile on pre-C++11 compilers, using the TR1/C++0x versions ofshared_ptr
&unordered_map
.Note that when using GCC & Clang, compiling against the TR1/C++0x versions:
CXX11=OFF
(the default) does not require-std=c++11
when compiling Ceres, nor does it require that any client code using Ceres use-std=c++11
. However, this will cause compile errors if any client code that uses Ceres also uses C++11 (mismatched versions ofshared_ptr
&unordered_map
).Enabling this option:
CXX11=ON
forces Ceres to use the C++11 versions ofshared_ptr
&unordered_map
if they are available, and thus imposes the requirement that all client code using Ceres also compile with-std=c++11
. This requirement is handled automatically through CMake target properties on the exported Ceres target for CMake >= 2.8.12 (when it was introduced). Thus, any client code which uses CMake will automatically be compiled with-std=c++11
. On CMake versions < 2.8.12, you are responsible for ensuring that any code which uses Ceres is compiled with-std=c++11
.On OS X 10.9+, Clang will use the C++11 versions of
shared_ptr
&unordered_map
without-std=c++11
and so this option does not change the versions detected, although enabling it will require that client code compile with-std=c++11
.The following table summarises the effects of the
CXX11
option:OS CXX11 Detected Version Ceres & client code require -std=c++11
Linux (GCC & Clang) OFF tr1 No Linux (GCC & Clang) ON std Yes OS X 10.9+ OFF std No OS X 10.9+ ON std Yes BUILD_SHARED_LIBS [Default: OFF]
: By default Ceres is built as a static library, turn thisON
to instead build Ceres as a shared library.EXPORT_BUILD_DIR [Default: OFF]
: By default Ceres is configured solely for installation, and so must be installed in order for clients to use it. Turn thisON
to export Ceres’ build directory location into the user’s local CMake package registry where it will be detected without requiring installation in a client project using CMake when find_package(Ceres) is invoked.BUILD_DOCUMENTATION [Default: OFF]
: Use this to enable building the documentation, requires Sphinx and the sphinx-better-theme package available from the Python package index. In addition,make ceres_docs
can be used to build only the documentation.MSVC_USE_STATIC_CRT [Default: OFF]
Windows Only: By default Ceres will use the Visual Studio default, shared C-Run Time (CRT) library. Turn thisON
to use the static C-Run Time library instead.LIB_SUFFIX [Default: "64" on non-Debian/Arch based 64-bit Linux, otherwise: ""]
: The suffix to append to the library install directory, built from:${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/lib${LIB_SUFFIX}
.The filesystem hierarchy standard recommends that 64-bit systems install native libraries to lib64 rather than lib. Most Linux distributions follow this convention, but Debian and Arch based distros do not. Note that the only generally sensible values for
LIB_SUFFIX
are “” and “64”.Although by default Ceres will auto-detect non-Debian/Arch based 64-bit Linux distributions and default
LIB_SUFFIX
to “64”, this can always be overridden by manually specifying LIB_SUFFIX using:-DLIB_SUFFIX=<VALUE>
when invoking CMake.
Options controlling Ceres dependency locations¶
Ceres uses the CMake
find_package
function to find all of its dependencies using
Find<DEPENDENCY_NAME>.cmake
scripts which are either included in
Ceres (for most dependencies) or are shipped as standard with
CMake
(for LAPACK
& BLAS
). These scripts will search all
of the “standard” install locations for various OSs for each
dependency. However, particularly for Windows, they may fail to find
the library, in this case you will have to manually specify its
installed location. The Find<DEPENDENCY_NAME>.cmake
scripts
shipped with Ceres support two ways for you to do this:
Set the hints variables specifying the directories to search in preference, but in addition, to the search directories in the
Find<DEPENDENCY_NAME>.cmake
script:<DEPENDENCY_NAME (CAPS)>_INCLUDE_DIR_HINTS
<DEPENDENCY_NAME (CAPS)>_LIBRARY_DIR_HINTS
These variables should be set via
-D<VAR>=<VALUE>
CMake
arguments as they are not visible in the GUI.Set the variables specifying the explicit include directory and library file to use:
<DEPENDENCY_NAME (CAPS)>_INCLUDE_DIR
<DEPENDENCY_NAME (CAPS)>_LIBRARY
This bypasses all searching in the
Find<DEPENDENCY_NAME>.cmake
script, but validation is still performed.These variables are available to set in the
CMake
GUI. They are visible in the Standard View if the library has not been found (but the current Ceres configuration requires it), but are always visible in the Advanced View. They can also be set directly via-D<VAR>=<VALUE>
arguments toCMake
.
Building using custom BLAS & LAPACK installs¶
If the standard find package scripts for BLAS
& LAPACK
which
ship with CMake
fail to find the desired libraries on your system,
try setting CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH
to the path(s) to the directories
containing the BLAS
& LAPACK
libraries when invoking CMake
to build Ceres via -D<VAR>=<VALUE>
. This should result in the
libraries being found for any common variant of each.
Alternatively, you may also directly specify the BLAS_LIBRARIES
and
LAPACK_LIBRARIES
variables via -D<VAR>=<VALUE>
when invoking CMake
to configure Ceres.
Using Ceres with CMake¶
In order to use Ceres in client code with CMake using find_package() then either:
- Ceres must have been installed with
make install
. If the install location is non-standard (i.e. is not in CMake’s default search paths) then it will not be detected by default, see: Local installations.
Note that if you are using a non-standard install location you should consider exporting Ceres instead, as this will not require any extra information to be provided in client code for Ceres to be detected.
- Ceres must have been installed with
- Or Ceres’ build directory must have been exported by enabling the
EXPORT_BUILD_DIR
option when Ceres was configured.
As an example of how to use Ceres, to compile examples/helloworld.cc in a separate standalone project, the following CMakeList.txt can be used:
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8)
project(helloworld)
find_package(Ceres REQUIRED)
include_directories(${CERES_INCLUDE_DIRS})
# helloworld
add_executable(helloworld helloworld.cc)
target_link_libraries(helloworld ${CERES_LIBRARIES})
Irrespective of whether Ceres was installed or exported, if multiple
versions are detected, set: Ceres_DIR
to control which is used.
If Ceres was installed Ceres_DIR
should be the path to the
directory containing the installed CeresConfig.cmake
file
(e.g. /usr/local/share/Ceres
). If Ceres was exported, then
Ceres_DIR
should be the path to the exported Ceres build
directory.
Specify Ceres components¶
You can specify particular Ceres components that you require (in order
for Ceres to be reported as found) when invoking
find_package(Ceres)
. This allows you to specify, for example,
that you require a version of Ceres built with SuiteSparse support.
By definition, if you do not specify any components when calling
find_package(Ceres)
(the default) any version of Ceres detected
will be reported as found, irrespective of which components it was
built with.
The Ceres components which can be specified are:
LAPACK
: Ceres built using LAPACK (LAPACK=ON
).SuiteSparse
: Ceres built with SuiteSparse (SUITESPARSE=ON
).CXSparse
: Ceres built with CXSparse (CXSPARSE=ON
).EigenSparse
: Ceres built with Eigen’s sparse Cholesky factorization (EIGENSPARSE=ON
).SparseLinearAlgebraLibrary
: Ceres built with at least one sparse linear algebra library. This is equivalent toSuiteSparse
ORCXSparse
OREigenSparse
.SchurSpecializations
: Ceres built with Schur specializations (SCHUR_SPECIALIZATIONS=ON
).OpenMP
: Ceres built with OpenMP (OPENMP=ON
).TBB
: Ceres built with Intel Thread Building Blocks (TBB) (TBB=ON
).Multithreading
: Ceres built with a multithreading library. This is equivalent toOpenMP
ORTBB
.C++11
: Ceres built with C++11 (CXX11=ON
).
To specify one/multiple Ceres components use the COMPONENTS
argument to
find_package() like so:
# Find a version of Ceres compiled with SuiteSparse & EigenSparse support.
#
# NOTE: This will report Ceres as **not** found if the detected version of
# Ceres was not compiled with both SuiteSparse & EigenSparse.
# Remember, if you have multiple versions of Ceres installed, you
# can use Ceres_DIR to specify which should be used.
find_package(Ceres REQUIRED COMPONENTS SuiteSparse EigenSparse)
Specify Ceres version¶
Additionally, when CMake has found Ceres it can optionally check the package version, if it has been specified in the find_package() call. For example:
find_package(Ceres 1.2.3 REQUIRED)
Local installations¶
If Ceres was installed in a non-standard path by specifying
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="/some/where/local"
, then the user should
add the PATHS option to the find_package()
command, e.g.,
find_package(Ceres REQUIRED PATHS "/some/where/local/")
Note that this can be used to have multiple versions of Ceres
installed. However, particularly if you have only a single version of
Ceres which you want to use but do not wish to install to a system
location, you should consider exporting Ceres using the
EXPORT_BUILD_DIR
option instead of a local install, as exported
versions of Ceres will be automatically detected by CMake,
irrespective of their location.
Understanding the CMake Package System¶
Although a full tutorial on CMake is outside the scope of this guide, here we cover some of the most common CMake misunderstandings that crop up when using Ceres. For more detailed CMake usage, the following references are very useful:
-
Provides a tour of the core features of CMake.
ProjectConfig tutorial and the cmake-packages documentation
Cover how to write a
ProjectConfig.cmake
file, discussed below, for your own project when installing or exporting it using CMake. It also covers how these processes in conjunction withfind_package()
are actually handled by CMake. The ProjectConfig tutorial is the older style, currently used by Ceres for compatibility with older versions of CMake.Note
Targets in CMake.
All libraries and executables built using CMake are represented as targets created using add_library() and add_executable(). Targets encapsulate the rules and dependencies (which can be other targets) required to build or link against an object. This allows CMake to implicitly manage dependency chains. Thus it is sufficient to tell CMake that a library target:
B
depends on a previously declared library targetA
, and CMake will understand that this means thatB
also depends on all of the public dependencies ofA
.
When a project like Ceres is installed using CMake, or its build
directory is exported into the local CMake package registry (see
Installing a project with CMake vs Exporting its build directory), in addition to the public headers
and compiled libraries, a set of CMake-specific project configuration
files are also installed to: <INSTALL_ROOT>/share/Ceres
(if Ceres
is installed), or created in the build directory (if Ceres’ build
directory is exported). When find_package is
invoked, CMake checks various standard install locations (including
/usr/local
on Linux & UNIX systems), and the local CMake package
registry for CMake configuration files for the project to be found
(i.e. Ceres in the case of find_package(Ceres)
). Specifically it
looks for:
<PROJECT_NAME>Config.cmake
(or<lower_case_project_name>-config.cmake
)Which is written by the developers of the project, and is configured with the selected options and installed locations when the project is built and defines the CMake variables:
<PROJECT_NAME>_INCLUDE_DIRS
&<PROJECT_NAME>_LIBRARIES
which are used by the caller to import the project.
The <PROJECT_NAME>Config.cmake
typically includes a second file
installed to the same location:
<PROJECT_NAME>Targets.cmake
Which is autogenerated by CMake as part of the install process and defines imported targets for the project in the caller’s CMake scope.
An imported target contains the same information about a library
as a CMake target that was declared locally in the current CMake
project using add_library()
. However, imported targets refer to
objects that have already been built by a different CMake project.
Principally, an imported target contains the location of the compiled
object and all of its public dependencies required to link against it.
Any locally declared target can depend on an imported target, and
CMake will manage the dependency chain, just as if the imported target
had been declared locally by the current project.
Crucially, just like any locally declared CMake target, an imported target is identified by its name when adding it as a dependency to another target.
Thus, if in a project using Ceres you had the following in your CMakeLists.txt:
find_package(Ceres REQUIRED)
message("CERES_LIBRARIES = ${CERES_LIBRARIES}")
You would see the output: CERES_LIBRARIES = ceres
. However,
here ceres
is an imported target created when
CeresTargets.cmake
was read as part of find_package(Ceres
REQUIRED)
. It does not refer (directly) to the compiled Ceres
library: libceres.a/so/dylib/lib
. This distinction is important,
as depending on the options selected when it was built, Ceres can have
public link dependencies which are encapsulated in the imported target
and automatically added to the link step when Ceres is added as a
dependency of another target by CMake. In this case, linking only
against libceres.a/so/dylib/lib
without these other public
dependencies would result in a linker error.
Note that this description applies both to projects that are
installed using CMake, and to those whose build directory is
exported using export() (instead
of install()). Ceres
supports both installation and export of its build directory if the
EXPORT_BUILD_DIR
option is enabled, see
Customizing the build.
Installing a project with CMake vs Exporting its build directory¶
When a project is installed, the compiled libraries and headers
are copied from the source & build directory to the install location,
and it is these copied files that are used by any client code. When a
project’s build directory is exported, instead of copying the
compiled libraries and headers, CMake creates an entry for the project
in the user’s local CMake package registry,
<USER_HOME>/.cmake/packages
on Linux & OS X, which contains the
path to the project’s build directory which will be checked by CMake
during a call to find_package()
. The effect of which is that any
client code uses the compiled libraries and headers in the build
directory directly, thus not requiring the project to be installed
to be used.
Installing / Exporting a project that uses Ceres¶
As described in Understanding the CMake Package System, the contents of
the CERES_LIBRARIES
variable is the name of an imported target which
represents Ceres. If you are installing / exporting your own project which
uses Ceres, it is important to understand that:
Imported targets are not (re)exported when a project which imported them is exported.
Thus, when a project Foo
which uses Ceres is exported, its list of
dependencies as seen by another project Bar
which imports Foo
via: find_package(Foo REQUIRED)
will contain: ceres
. However,
the definition of ceres
as an imported target is not
(re)exported when Foo is exported. Hence, without any additional
steps, when processing Bar
, ceres
will not be defined as an
imported target. Thus, when processing Bar
, CMake will assume
that ceres
refers only to: libceres.a/so/dylib/lib
(the
compiled Ceres library) directly if it is on the current list of
search paths. In which case, no CMake errors will occur, but Bar
will not link properly, as it does not have the required public link
dependencies of Ceres, which are stored in the imported target
defintion.
The solution to this is for Foo
(i.e., the project that uses
Ceres) to invoke find_package(Ceres)
in FooConfig.cmake
, thus
ceres
will be defined as an imported target when CMake processes
Bar
. An example of the required modifications to
FooConfig.cmake
are show below:
# Importing Ceres in FooConfig.cmake using CMake 2.8.x style.
#
# When configure_file() is used to generate FooConfig.cmake from
# FooConfig.cmake.in, @Ceres_DIR@ will be replaced with the current
# value of Ceres_DIR being used by Foo. This should be passed as a hint
# when invoking find_package(Ceres) to ensure that the same install of
# Ceres is used as was used to build Foo.
set(CERES_DIR_HINTS @Ceres_DIR@)
# Forward the QUIET / REQUIRED options.
if (Foo_FIND_QUIETLY)
find_package(Ceres QUIET HINTS ${CERES_DIR_HINTS})
elseif (Foo_FIND_REQUIRED)
find_package(Ceres REQUIRED HINTS ${CERES_DIR_HINTS})
else ()
find_package(Ceres HINTS ${CERES_DIR_HINTS})
endif()
# Importing Ceres in FooConfig.cmake using CMake 3.x style.
#
# In CMake v3.x, the find_dependency() macro exists to forward the REQUIRED
# / QUIET parameters to find_package() when searching for dependencies.
#
# Note that find_dependency() does not take a path hint, so if Ceres was
# installed in a non-standard location, that location must be added to
# CMake's search list before this call.
include(CMakeFindDependencyMacro)
find_dependency(Ceres)


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