如果你已经理解依赖注入的概念，构造函数和属性注入模式，你可以跳过本节转到下一节。
维基百科上的解释： "依赖注入是一种软件设计模式，将一个或多个被依赖对象（或服务）注入或通过引用的方式来传递到 一个依赖对象（或客户端），使服务成为客户端的一部分。本模式将被服务的创建过程从客户端中分离出来，这使得 程序设计更加松耦合并遵循依赖倒置和单一职责原则。它直接对应着 Service Locator 模式， 此模式允许客户端了解他们所使用的查找依赖的系统机制。"。
如果不使用依赖注入技术，想去管理依赖并开发一个模块化的有良好架构的应用是非常困难的。
在一个应用程序中，类都是依赖于其他类的。假设我们有一个 应用服务使用一个 仓库向数据库中添加 实体。在这个情形下，应用服务依赖于仓库类。参考示例：
public class PersonAppService
{
private IPersonRepository _personRepository;
public PersonAppService()
{
_personRepository = new PersonRepository();
}
public void CreatePerson(string name, int age)
{
var person = new Person { Name = name, Age = age };
_personRepository.Insert(person);
}
}
PersonAppService 使用 PersonRepository 向数据库中插入了一条 Person。这块代码的问题是：
为了克服这些问题，可以使用工厂模式。这样，仓库的创建过程就成为抽象的了。参考代码如下：
public class PersonAppService
{
private IPersonRepository _personRepository;
public PersonAppService()
{
_personRepository = PersonRepositoryFactory.Create();
}
public void CreatePerson(string name, int age)
{
var person = new Person { Name = name, Age = age };
_personRepository.Insert(person);
}
}
PersonRepositoryFactory 是一个静态类，负责创建并返回一个 IPersonRepository 接口的实现类。这种方式被称为 Service Locator 模式。 创建过程的问题被解决了，因为 PersonAppService 并不用负责它所依赖的 IPersonRepository 实现是如何创建的 但是，这里还是有一些问题的：
以下是一些解决依赖的最佳实践（模式）。
之前的例子可以写成这样的：
public class PersonAppService
{
private IPersonRepository _personRepository;
public PersonAppService(IPersonRepository personRepository)
{
_personRepository = personRepository;
}
public void CreatePerson(string name, int age)
{
var person = new Person { Name = name, Age = age };
_personRepository.Insert(person);
}
}
这个模式被称为 构造函数注入 (constructor injection)。现在， PersonAppService 并不知道是哪个类实现了 IPersonRepository，也不知道怎么创建的实现。 谁使用 PersonAppService，就得先创建一个 IPersonRepository 实例，然后通过 PersonAppService 的构造函数传递进去，如下：
var repository = new PersonRepository();
var personService = new PersonAppService(repository);
personService.CreatePerson("Yunus Emre", 19);
构造函数注入确实是一个解决创建依赖对象的完美方法。 但是，上面的方法也还是有点问题的：
幸运的是，已经有现成的依赖注入框架可以自动的管理依赖。
构造函数注入模式是一个非常好的提供类依赖的方式。 在这一方式中，你必须提供依赖项才能创建类实例。它同样 It's also a strong way of explicitly declaring what's the requirements of the class to properly work.
But, in some situations, the class depends on another class but also can work without it. This is usually true for cross-cutting concerns such as logging. A class can work without logging, but it can write logs if you supply a logger. In this case, you can define dependencies as public properties rather than getting them in constructor. Think that we want to write logs in PersonAppService. We can re-write the class as like below:
public class PersonAppService
{
public ILogger Logger { get; set; }
private IPersonRepository _personRepository;
public PersonAppService(IPersonRepository personRepository)
{
_personRepository = personRepository;
Logger = NullLogger.Instance;
}
public void CreatePerson(string name, int age)
{
Logger.Debug("Inserting a new person to database with name = " + name);
var person = new Person { Name = name, Age = age };
_personRepository.Insert(person);
Logger.Debug("Successfully inserted!");
}
}
NullLogger.Instance is a singleton object that implements ILogger but actually does nothing (does not write logs. It implements ILogger with empty method bodies). So, now, PersonAppService can write logs if you set Logger after creating the PersonAppService object like below:
var personService = new PersonAppService(new PersonRepository());
personService.Logger = new Log4NetLogger();
personService.CreatePerson("Yunus Emre", 19);
Assume that Log4NetLogger implements ILogger and write logs using Log4Net library. Thus, PersonAppService can actually write logs. If we do not set Logger, it does not write logs. So, we can say the ILogger is an optional dependency of PersonAppService.
Almost all of Dependency Injection frameworks support Property Injection pattern.
There are many dependency injection framework that automates resolving dependencies. They can create objects with all dependencies (and dependencies of dependencies recursively). So, you just write your class with constructor & property injection patterns, DI framework handles the rest! In a good application, your classes are independent even from DI framework. There will be a few lines of code or classes that explicitly interact with DI framework in your whole application.
ASP.NET Boilerplate uses Castle Windsor framework for Dependency Injection. It's one of the most mature DI frameworks. There are many other frameworks like Unity, Ninject, StructureMap, Autofac and so on.
In a dependency injection framework, you first register your interfaces/classes to the dependency injection framework, then you can resolve (create) an object. In Castle Windsor, it's something like that:
var container = new WindsorContainer(); container.Register( Component.For<IPersonRepository>().ImplementedBy<PersonRepository>().LifestyleTransient(), Component.For<IPersonAppService>().ImplementedBy<PersonAppService>().LifestyleTransient() ); var personService = container.Resolve<IPersonAppService>(); personService.CreatePerson("Yunus Emre", 19);
We first created the WindsorContainer. then registered PersonRepository and PersonAppService with their interfaces. Then we asked to container to create an IPersonAppService. It created PersonAppService with dependencies and returned back. Maybe it's not so clear of advantage of using a DI framework in this simple example, but think you will have many classes and dependencies in a real enterprise application. Surely, registering dependencies will be somewhere else from creation and using objects and made only one time in an application startup.
Notice that we also declared life cycle of objects as transient. That means whenever we resolves an object of these types, a new instance will be created. There are many different life cycles (like singletion).
ASP.NET Boilerplate almost makes invisible of using the dependency injection framework when you write your application by following best practices and some conventions.
There are different ways of registering your classes to Dependency Injection system in ASP.NET Boilerplate. Most of time, conventional registration will be sufficient.
ASP.NET Boilerplate automatically registers all Repositories, Domain Services, Application Services, MVC Controllers and Web API Controllers by convention. For example, you may have a IPersonAppService interface and a PersonAppService class that implements it:
public interface IPersonAppService : IApplicationService { //... } public class PersonAppService : IPersonAppService { //... }
ASP.NET Boilerplate automatically registers it since it implements IApplicationService interface (It's just an empty interface). It's registered as transient (created instance per usage). When you inject (using constructor injection) IPersonAppService interface to a class, a PersonAppService object is created and passed into constructor automatically.
Naming conventions are very important here. For example you can change name of PersonAppService to MyPersonAppService or another name which contains 'PersonAppService' postfix since the IPersonAppService has this postfix. But you can not name your service as PeopleService. If you do it, it's not registered for IPersonAppService automatically (It's registered to DI framework but with self-registration, not with interface), so, you should manually register it if you want.
ASP.NET Boilerplate registers assemblies by convention. So, you should tell to ASP.NET Boilerplate to register your assembly by convention. It's pretty easy:
IocManager.RegisterAssemblyByConvention(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly());
Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly() gets a reference to the assembly which contains this code. You can pass other assemblies to RegisterAssemblyByConvention method. This is generally done when your module is being initialized. See ASP.NET Boilerplate's module system for more.
You can write your own conventional registration class by implementing IConventionalRegisterer interface and calling IocManager.AddConventionalRegisterer method with your class. You should add it in pre-initialize method of your module.
You may want to register a specific class that does not fit to conventional registration rules. ASP.NET Boilerplate provides ITransientDependency and ISingletonDependency interfaces as a shortcut. For example:
public interface IPersonManager
{
//...
}
public class MyPersonManager : IPersonManager, ISingletonDependency
{
//...
}
In that way, you can easily register MyPersonManager as transient. When need to inject a IPersonManager, MyPersonManager is used. Notice that dependency is declared as Singleton. Thus, a single instance of MyPersonManager is created and same object is passed to all needed classes. It's just created in first usage, then same instance is used in whole life of the application.
If the approaches described before is no sufficient for your situation, you can direcly use Castle Windsor to register your classes and dependencies. Thus, you will have all capabilities of registering in Castle Windsor.
Castle Windsor has IWindsorInstaller interface that can be implemented for registration. You can create a class that implements IWindsorInstaller interface in your application:
public class MyInstaller : IWindsorInstaller
{
public void Install(IWindsorContainer container, IConfigurationStore store)
{
container.Register(Classes.FromThisAssembly().BasedOn<IMySpecialInterface>().LifestylePerThread().WithServiceSelf());
}
}
ASP.NET Boilerplate automatically finds and executes this class. Lastly, you
can reach to the WindsorContainer using IIocManager.IocContainer
property. For more information, read
Windsor's
documentation Registration informs IOC (Inversion of Control) Container (a.k.a. DI frameowk) about your classes, their dependencies and lifecycles. Somewhere in your application you need to create objects using IOC Container. ASP.NET Provides a few options for resolving dependencies.
You can use constructor and property injection to get dependencies to your classes as best practice. You should do it that way wherever it's possible. An example:
public class PersonAppService
{
public ILogger Logger { get; set; }
private IPersonRepository _personRepository;
public PersonAppService(IPersonRepository personRepository)
{
_personRepository = personRepository;
Logger = NullLogger.Instance;
}
public void CreatePerson(string name, int age)
{
Logger.Debug("Inserting a new person to database with name = " + name);
var person = new Person { Name = name, Age = age };
_personRepository.Insert(person);
Logger.Debug("Successfully inserted!");
}
}
IPersonRepository is injected from constructor and ILogger is injected with public property. In that way, your code will be unaware of dependency injection system at all. This is the most proper way of using DI system.
Sometime you may have to directly resolve your dependency instead of constructor & property injection. This should be avoided when possible, but it may be impossible. ASP.NET Boilerplate provides some services those can be injected ans used easily. Example:
public class MySampleClass : ITransientDependency
{
private readonly IIocResolver _iocResolver;
public MySampleClass(IIocResolver iocResolver)
{
_iocResolver = iocResolver;
}
public void DoIt()
{
//Resolving, using and releasing manually
var personService1 = _iocResolver.Resolve<PersonAppService>();
personService1.CreatePerson(new CreatePersonInput { Name = "Yunus", Surname = "Emre" });
_iocResolver.Release(personService1);
//Resolving and using in a safe way
using (var personService2 = _iocResolver.ResolveAsDisposable<PersonAppService>())
{
personService2.Object.CreatePerson(new CreatePersonInput { Name = "Yunus", Surname = "Emre" });
}
}
}
MySampleClass in an example class in an application. It constructor-injected IIcResolver and used it to resolve and release objects. There are a few overloads of Resolve method can be used as needed. Release method is used to release component (object). It's critical to call Release if you're manually resolving an object. Otherwise, your application has some memory leak problem. To be sure of releasing the object, use ResolveAsDisposable (as shown in the example above) wherever it's possible. It automatically calls Release at the end of the using block.
If you want to directly reach to IOC Container (Castle Windsor) to resolve dependencies, you can consturctor-inject IIocManager and use IIocManager.IocContainer property. If you are in a static context or can not inject IIocManager, as a last chance, you can use singleton object IocManager.Instance everywhere. But, in that case your codes will not be easy to test.
Some classes need to be initialized before first usage. IShouldInitialize has an Initialize() method. If you implement it, then your Initialize() method is automatically called just after creating your object (before used). Surely, you should inject/resolve the object in order to work this feature.
Surely, we must call dependency injection system to resolve the root object in dependency graph. In an ASP.NET MVC application, it's generally a Controller class. We can use contructor injection pattern in also controllers. When a request come to our application, the controller is created using IOC container and all dependencies are resolved recursively. So, who does that? It's done automatically by ASP.NET Boilerplate by extending ASP.NET MVC's default controller factory. As similar, it's true for ASP.NET Web API also. You don't care about creating and disposing objects.
ASP.NET Boilerplate simplifies and automates using dependency injection as long as you follow the rules and use the structures above. Most of times you will not need more. But if you need, you can directly use all power of Castle Windsor to perform any task (like custom registrations, injection hooks, interceptors and so on).


Reloads a previously imported module.
#TODO
#TODO
The argument must be a module object, so it must have been successfully imported before. This is useful if you have edited the module source file using an external editor and want to try out the new version without leaving the Python interpreter. The return value is the module object (the same as the module argument).
When reload(module) is executed: Python modules’ code is recompiled and the module-level code reexecuted, defining a new set of objects which are bound to names in the module’s dictionary. The init function of extension modules is not called a second time.
As with all other objects in Python the old objects are only reclaimed after their reference counts drop to zero. The names in the module namespace are updated to point to any new or changed objects.
Other references to the old objects (such as names external to the module) are not rebound to refer to the new objects and must be updated in each namespace where they occur if that is desired.
There are a number of other caveats: If a module is syntactically correct but its initialization fails, the first import statement for it does not bind its name locally, but does store a (partially initialized) module object in sys.modules. To reload the module you must first import it again (this will bind the name to the partially initialized module object) before you can reload() it.
When a module is reloaded, its dictionary (containing the module’s global variables) is retained. Redefinitions of names will override the old definitions, so this is generally not a problem. If the new version of a module does not define a name that was defined by the old version, the old definition remains. This feature can be used to the module’s advantage if it maintains a global table or cache of objects — with a try statement it can test for the table’s presence and skip its initialization if desired:
>>> try:
>>> cache
>>> except NameError:
>>> cache = {}
It is legal though generally not very useful to reload built-in or dynamically loaded modules, except for sys, __main__ and __builtin__. In many cases, however, extension modules are not designed to be initialized more than once, and may fail in arbitrary ways when reloaded. If a module imports objects from another module using from ... import ..., calling reload() for the other module does not redefine the objects imported from it — one way around this is to re-execute the from statement, another is to use import and qualified names (module.*name*) instead.
If a module instantiates instances of a class, reloading the module that defines the class does not affect the method definitions of the instances — they continue to use the old class definition. The same is true for derived classes.
>>> import math
>>> reload(math)
<module 'math' (built-in)>
#TODO


The aim of this tool is to interactively teach some of the methods our javascript library
(Store Builder Library)
offers to modify the current cart session.
What you see on the main page is a display of all the products available in the selected storefront. You can shop around and checkout when you are ready.
At the top left corner you can see a "burger" icon (☰)
When you click on it, a left side menu opens with the operations you can perform over the session:
Happy learning!
You can provide customer information prior to the checkout. This information will be shown or hidden in the popup checkout depending on the method used.
You can customize every aspect of the session creating a secure payload.
This is done using the secure method of our javascript library. In test mode, you can pass in a raw JSON object representing the session (in production this object needs to be encrypted).
Use the following input to create your custom session payload and press the button to apply it to the session.
Load example
It seems that the storefrontId doesn't exist.


Notebook for
I've never been (Un)happier: (Penguin Petit)
Bhatt, Shaheen
Citation (APA): Bhatt, S. (2018). I've never been (Un)happier: (Penguin Petit) [Kindle Android version]. Retrieved from Amazon.com
Title Page
Highlight (yellow) - Location 14
‘Though my soul may set in darkness, it will rise in perfect light; I have loved the stars too fondly to be fearful of the night’—Sarah Williams, The Old Astronomer
Preface
Highlight (yellow) - Location 73
Depression is a common mood disorder and a serious medical illness. There are many types of depression and they vary in source. All depressive disorders, no matter their type or cause, will negatively affect how you feel, think and act.
Highlight (yellow) - Location 93
The absence of physical symptoms traditionally associated with disease makes it difficult for some to appreciate the seriousness of the condition. Depression doesn’t cause a 103- degree fever or a visible rash; the symptoms are psychological and therefore harder to conceive of as medical in nature.
Highlight (yellow) - Location 96
The assumption is that if you have a happy and comfortable life, you have no cause for, or no right to, the despair you’re feeling.
Highlight (yellow) - Location 102
We’re taught early in life to keep our emotions hidden and we’re especially taught that negative emotions have no place in a public domain.
I’Ve Never Been (Un)Happier
Highlight (yellow) - Location 226
It was around this time, shortly before I turned twelve, that I was made painfully aware of the superficiality and obsession with appearance that consistently seems to contour our day- to- day lives. I was at a precarious age, one at which the seeds of my identity and self- worth were being sown. Up until then my sense of self had come from my internal make- up and the way in which I interacted with the world around me— exactly as it should have— but all that self- definition was about to undergo surgery.
Highlight (yellow) - Location 251
It was also the first time I realized I could be singled out for something I couldn’t control— the way I looked, and later, perhaps, the way I felt.
Highlight (yellow) - Location 261
Strangely though, losing weight did nothing to alleviate the feelings of unease I had been struggling with, and contrary to what I thought would happen, the situation only nosedived further. The feelings of sadness and discomfort intensified and I spent nearly every single day constantly on the verge of tears.
Highlight (yellow) - Location 279
Sometimes I wonder if I built and moulded my entire personality in a way that would better help conceal my worst days. I wonder if over time I purposefully grew quiet so people wouldn’t notice when I inevitably stopped talking. I wonder if I carefully constructed the reputation of a recluse so they wouldn’t be surprised when I disappeared for months on end.
Highlight (yellow) - Location 287
I often wonder if this is what it’s going to feel like forever, if I will always see life through this veil of despair. ‘If this is life,’ I think, ‘I don’t want it.’
Highlight (yellow) - Location 457
Your pain, like your fingerprints, is unique to you. In other words, you can buy happiness off the rack— but sadness is tailor- made just for you.
Highlight (yellow) - Location 459
When describing our emotions, words can only take us so far, yet words are all we have. So often the problem isn’t with the emotions themselves but the language we use to describe them.
Highlight (yellow) - Location 461
Sadness is not created, encoded, stored and decoded in language alone, yet language is the only vessel through which we can communicate it, providing us with only the barest representation of our feelings.
Highlight (yellow) - Location 619
As Chuck Palahniuk’s Tyler Durden so poetically put it in Fight Club: ‘We’re the middle children of history. No purpose or place. We have no Great War. No Great Depression. Our Great War’s a spiritual war… our Great Depression is our lives. We’ve all been raised on television to believe that one day we’d all be millionaires, and movie gods, and rock stars. But we won’t. And we’re slowly learning that fact. And we’re very, very pissed off.’


A short timeline of when Rick read each book. A single dot represents
a book and their positions are adjusted along the y axis such that
they don't collide with each other. Color represents the rating,
the darker the better. Hover over a dot for details.
Distribution of ratings given by Rick for each book.
Distribution of publication year of each book. Some entries are
not present because their publication dates are not
available.
Distribution of total page count of each book. Some books which
don't have the total page count are not shown.
Number of books read per year.
Number of pages read per year.
Grouping of authors based on the number of books Rick has read. Each
dot represents an author. The size of the dot is scaled based on
the number of books. Hover over a dot for the list of books. If a
book is written by more than one authors, only the primary author
of the book is considered.
Number of books per shelf. Same book may present in multiple shelves.
Timeline of the kind of books I have read. Color represents the
book shelf (same as the previous bar chart) and area represents
the percentage of time spent.
List of books, grouped by ratings
and within each group the books are sorted by average rating in
goodreads. Click on a shelf to filter selection.


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enumerate.meaningcombinations.Rd
Enumerates all possible combinations of meanings for a meaning space of the given dimensionality.
enumerate.meaningcombinations(dimensionality, uniquelabels = TRUE, offset = 0)
| dimensionality | either a) a vector of integers specifying the number of different possible values for every meaning dimension, or b) a list or other (potentially ragged) 2-dimensional data structure listing the possible meaning values for every dimension |
|---|---|
| uniquelabels | logical, determines whether the same integers can be
reused across meaning dimensions or not. When |
| offset | a constant that is added to all meaning specifiers. Ignored
when |
A matrix that has as many columns as there are dimensions, with every row specifying one of the possible meaning combinations. The entries of the first dimension cycle slowest (see examples).
The resulting matrix can be passed straight on to
hammingdists
and other meaning distance functions created by
wrap.meaningdistfunction
.
enumerate.meaningcombinations(c(2, 2))#> Var2 Var1 #> [1,] 1 3 #> [2,] 1 4 #> [3,] 2 3 #> [4,] 2 4enumerate.meaningcombinations(c(3, 4))#> Var2 Var1 #> [1,] 1 4 #> [2,] 1 5 #> [3,] 1 6 #> [4,] 1 7 #> [5,] 2 4 #> [6,] 2 5 #> [7,] 2 6 #> [8,] 2 7 #> [9,] 3 4 #> [10,] 3 5 #> [11,] 3 6 #> [12,] 3 7enumerate.meaningcombinations(c(2, 2, 2, 2))#> Var4 Var3 Var2 Var1 #> [1,] 1 3 5 7 #> [2,] 1 3 5 8 #> [3,] 1 3 6 7 #> [4,] 1 3 6 8 #> [5,] 1 4 5 7 #> [6,] 1 4 5 8 #> [7,] 1 4 6 7 #> [8,] 1 4 6 8 #> [9,] 2 3 5 7 #> [10,] 2 3 5 8 #> [11,] 2 3 6 7 #> [12,] 2 3 6 8 #> [13,] 2 4 5 7 #> [14,] 2 4 5 8 #> [15,] 2 4 6 7 #> [16,] 2 4 6 8enumerate.meaningcombinations(8) # trivial#> Var1 #> [1,] 1 #> [2,] 2 #> [3,] 3 #> [4,] 4 #> [5,] 5 #> [6,] 6 #> [7,] 7 #> [8,] 8enumerate.meaningcombinations(list(shape=c("square", "circle"), color=c("red", "blue")))#> shape color #> [1,] "square" "red" #> [2,] "square" "blue" #> [3,] "circle" "red" #> [4,] "circle" "blue"


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This story is part of a series of specially designed stories that represents some of the best journalism The Post has to offer. Check out the rest of the special projects here.
09.26.17
Just 80 miles south of Athens, a veteran who suffered a stroke was riding horseback, led by Ohio University students. His wife, watching her husband ride from afar, hadn’t heard his voice in two years.
He had been riding at OU Southern’s horse park for several sessions, and he began to burst into song.
“Home, home on the range,” he belted. “Where the deer and the antelope play.”
Everyone stared in disbelief as a man who hadn’t spoken a word in years began to sing.
That is just one of the miracles that happens every day at OU Southern’s horse park, said Kelly Hall, the director of the equine studies program.
OU Southern Campus’s equine program is one of five accredited international schools to certify instructors in therapeutic riding, attracting dozens of students to enroll in hopes of pursuing a career that could change someone’s life.
Only two full-time faculty members staff the program, leaving the rest of the work up to students and volunteers to keep the rates for riding low. OU Southern charges $45 for a private community riding lesson and $35 for private therapeutic lessons.
Emily Gayton | FOR THE POST
OU’s Southern Campus offers an equine studies program that certifies instructors in therapeutic riding. Dozens of students have enrolled in the program.
“It takes a lot,” Hall said. “If you have one person in a wheelchair, you’re going to have to have two side walkers — one on each side — and somebody to lead the horse. You’re going to have to have an instructor. … It takes a lot of volunteers to make this program happen.”
To earn their associate degrees, students are required to participate in 25 hours of instruction with a minimum of two riders with disabilities at a time.
“The community therapeutic horsemanship center serves the purpose of allowing our students to earn their hours, but it also serves the tri-state community for people with challenges,” Hall said.
Unlike many other equine programs, OU Southern has its own horse park and barns for convenience of completing lab hours and maintaining control over curriculum, attracting students from places as far as Hawaii to participate in the therapeutic riding program.
Students also teach, care for the horses and assume other responsibilities alongside volunteers and part-time employees.
“I’ve always liked helping people, and I love horses,” Julia Glebins, a first-year student, said.  It just seemed like a natural fit.”
Horseback riding provides many benefits for people with physical disabilities. Riding develops a sense of coordination and balance and strengthens the same muscles used to walk, which can be especially useful for someone in a wheelchair.
“It benefits them to learn a different or better way of living,"Tabatha McKinney, who works at STAR Community Justice Center
“We have a couple riders who are paraplegic and in a wheelchair,” Hall said. “By putting someone on a horse and the horse walks for them, they’re exercising those muscles to help them hopefully gain some mobility.”
Glebins said she was touched when she was serving as a volunteer last year and saw significant progress in a boy she was assisting.
“One of our participants started out in a wheelchair and couldn’t hardly walk, and now he’s up walking on his own and doesn’t need very much assistance,” she said. “He rides on his own, too. … It’s pretty incredible.”
The benefits of therapeutic riding go beyond what can be seen on the surface. Hall said emotional and mental therapy is a lot of what the program tries to provide through its lessons.
The park works with agencies for weekly lessons and has served foster care industries, regional mental health industries and more.
“It benefits them to learn a different or better way of living,” said Tabatha McKinney, who works at STAR Community Justice Center. STAR serves as an alternative to prison with the intent of rehabilitating nonviolent felony offenders and frequently works with the horse park.
Emily Gayton | FOR THE POST
Students teach and care for the horses, among other responsibilities. The program attracts students from places as far away as Hawaii.
OU Southern is partnered with Safe Harbor, a domestic violence shelter in northern Kentucky. The two secured a grant to bring children to the park weekly for riding lessons.
“It’s fun,” Jacob Bowman, 11, said. “I learn stuff about horses. They’re fun to play with and cute. I like it here.”
Hall said OU Southern tailors programs to specific needs. In the case of Safe Harbor, a main goal is teaching kids to positively identify and cope with emotions.
“I love riding (the horses),” Keagan Thornton, 8, said. “I’ve learned about leading and riding and about my emotions.”
Horses have unique personalities just like humans, Hall said. People might be drawn to a particular horse and learn a lot about their feelings from interacting with the animal.
“The horses show what we don’t want to face,” McKinney said. “The horses can sense your emotions. … It gives us a therapeutic moment to talk about those emotions instead of stuffing it.”
Since OU Southern’s equine program began offering online courses in spring 2016, adjunct professor Mark Abell said he has seen an increase in enrollment. He said this semester he has his largest class size of 26 people in introduction to equine studies, with students from the Athens campus and high school students enrolling.
“It’s really caught on,” he said. “It’s interesting because in the online program, you have a wide variety of experiences. … It’s a really good way for us to go beyond just the campus.”
Online classes, which are heavy on economics and technology, focus on the commercial side of the horse industry, Hall said. She said the staff rewrote the entire curriculum to accommodate online courses.
“Technology is really important in the horse world, too,” she said. “The horse industry is very large. There’s about a million full-time jobs in the horse industry.”
Many students are interested in starting nonprofits related to horses, so Hall said the program created online courses on equine nonprofit development and management.
Hall said they are also adding a degree to the eCampus. There will be a soft launch in January and a full launch in fall 2018.
“That’s a big deal for us,” Abell said. “I think it’s going to get bigger and bigger and bigger.”
Abell said he was excited for the program to grow and continue to flourish because of all the good he sees come out of it every day.
“It’s an absolutely wonderful program,” Abell said. “Miracles come from it. … When you watch their expressions and the light bulb comes on, and they see all of that because of the interaction with the horses, it’s really powerful.”
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git-mktree - Build a tree-object from ls-tree formatted text
git mktree [-z] [--missing] [--batch]
Reads standard input in non-recursive ls-tree output format, and creates a tree object. The order of the tree entries is normalised by mktree so pre-sorting the input is not required. The object name of the tree object built is written to the standard output.
-z
Read the NUL-terminated ls-tree -z output instead.
--missing
Allow missing objects. The default behaviour (without this option) is to verify that each tree entry(cqs sha1 identifies an existing object. This option has no effect on the treatment of gitlink entries (aka "submodules") which are always allowed to be missing.
--batch
Allow building of more than one tree object before exiting. Each tree is separated by as single blank line. The final new-line is optional. Note - if the -z option is used, lines are terminated with NUL.
Part of the git(1) suite


If you already know Dependency Injection concept, Constructor and Property Injection patterns, you can skip to the next section.
Wikipedia says: "Dependency injection is a software design pattern in which one or more dependencies (or services) are injected, or passed by reference, into a dependent object (or client) and are made part of the client's state. The pattern separates the creation of a client's dependencies from its own behavior, which allows program designs to be loosely coupled and to follow the dependency inversion and single responsibility principles. It directly contrasts the service locator pattern, which allows clients to know about the system they use to find dependencies.".
It's very hard to manage dependencies and develop a modular and well structured application without using dependency injection techniques.
In an application, classes depend on each other. Assume that we have an application service that uses a repository to insert entities to database. In this situation, the application service class is dependent to the repository class. See the example:
public class PersonAppService
{
private IPersonRepository _personRepository;
public PersonAppService()
{
_personRepository = new PersonRepository();
}
public void CreatePerson(string name, int age)
{
var person = new Person { Name = name, Age = age };
_personRepository.Insert(person);
}
}
PersonAppService uses PersonRepository to insert a Person to the database. Problems of this code:
To overcome some of these problems, factory pattern can be used. Thus, creation of repository class is abstracted. See the code below:
public class PersonAppService
{
private IPersonRepository _personRepository;
public PersonAppService()
{
_personRepository = PersonRepositoryFactory.Create();
}
public void CreatePerson(string name, int age)
{
var person = new Person { Name = name, Age = age };
_personRepository.Insert(person);
}
}
PersonRepositoryFactory is a static class that creates and returns an IPersonRepository. This is known as Service Locator pattern. Creation problems are solved since PersonAppService does not know how to create an implementation of IPersonRepository and it's independent from PersonRepository implementation. But,still there are some problems:
There are some best practices (patterns) to depend on other classes.
The example above can be re-written as shown below:
public class PersonAppService
{
private IPersonRepository _personRepository;
public PersonAppService(IPersonRepository personRepository)
{
_personRepository = personRepository;
}
public void CreatePerson(string name, int age)
{
var person = new Person { Name = name, Age = age };
_personRepository.Insert(person);
}
}
This is known as constructor injection. Now, PersonAppService does not know which classes implement IPersonRepository and how to create it. Who needs to use PersonAppService, first creates an IPersonRepository and pass it to constructor of PersonAppService as shown below:
var repository = new PersonRepository();
var personService = new PersonAppService(repository);
personService.CreatePerson("Yunus Emre", 19);
Constructor Injection is a perfect way of making a class independent to creation of dependent objects. But, there are some problems with the code above:
Fortunately, there are Dependency Injection frameworks automates to manage dependencies.
Constructor injection pattern is a perfect way of providing dependencies of a class. In this way, you can not create an instance of the class without supplying dependencies. It's also a strong way of explicitly declaring what's the requirements of the class to properly work.
But, in some situations, the class depends on another class but also can work without it. This is usually true for cross-cutting concerns such as logging. A class can work without logging, but it can write logs if you supply a logger. In this case, you can define dependencies as public properties rather than getting them in constructor. Think that we want to write logs in PersonAppService. We can re-write the class as like below:
public class PersonAppService
{
public ILogger Logger { get; set; }
private IPersonRepository _personRepository;
public PersonAppService(IPersonRepository personRepository)
{
_personRepository = personRepository;
Logger = NullLogger.Instance;
}
public void CreatePerson(string name, int age)
{
Logger.Debug("Inserting a new person to database with name = " + name);
var person = new Person { Name = name, Age = age };
_personRepository.Insert(person);
Logger.Debug("Successfully inserted!");
}
}
NullLogger.Instance is a singleton object that implements ILogger but actually does nothing (does not write logs. It implements ILogger with empty method bodies). So, now, PersonAppService can write logs if you set Logger after creating the PersonAppService object like below:
var personService = new PersonAppService(new PersonRepository());
personService.Logger = new Log4NetLogger();
personService.CreatePerson("Yunus Emre", 19);
Assume that Log4NetLogger implements ILogger and write logs using Log4Net library. Thus, PersonAppService can actually write logs. If we do not set Logger, it does not write logs. So, we can say the ILogger is an optional dependency of PersonAppService.
Almost all of Dependency Injection frameworks support Property Injection pattern.
There are many dependency injection framework that automates resolving dependencies. They can create objects with all dependencies (and dependencies of dependencies recursively). So, you just write your class with constructor & property injection patterns, DI framework handles the rest! In a good application, your classes are independent even from DI framework. There will be a few lines of code or classes that explicitly interact with DI framework in your whole application.
ASP.NET Boilerplate uses Castle Windsor framework for Dependency Injection. It's one of the most mature DI frameworks. There are many other frameworks like Unity, Ninject, StructureMap, Autofac and so on.
In a dependency injection framework, you first register your interfaces/classes to the dependency injection framework, then you can resolve (create) an object. In Castle Windsor, it's something like that:
var container = new WindsorContainer(); container.Register( Component.For<IPersonRepository>().ImplementedBy<PersonRepository>().LifestyleTransient(), Component.For<IPersonAppService>().ImplementedBy<PersonAppService>().LifestyleTransient() ); var personService = container.Resolve<IPersonAppService>(); personService.CreatePerson("Yunus Emre", 19);
We first created the WindsorContainer. then registered PersonRepository and PersonAppService with their interfaces. Then we asked to container to create an IPersonAppService. It created PersonAppService with dependencies and returned back. Maybe it's not so clear of advantage of using a DI framework in this simple example, but think you will have many classes and dependencies in a real enterprise application. Surely, registering dependencies will be somewhere else from creation and using objects and made only one time in an application startup.
Notice that we also declared life cycle of objects as transient. That means whenever we resolves an object of these types, a new instance will be created. There are many different life cycles (like singletion).
ASP.NET Boilerplate almost makes invisible of using the dependency injection framework when you write your application by following best practices and some conventions.
There are different ways of registering your classes to Dependency Injection system in ASP.NET Boilerplate. Most of time, conventional registration will be sufficient.
ASP.NET Boilerplate automatically registers all Repositories, Domain Services, Application Services, MVC Controllers and Web API Controllers by convention. For example, you may have a IPersonAppService interface and a PersonAppService class that implements it:
public interface IPersonAppService : IApplicationService { //... } public class PersonAppService : IPersonAppService { //... }
ASP.NET Boilerplate automatically registers it since it implements IApplicationService interface (It's just an empty interface). It's registered as transient (created instance per usage). When you inject (using constructor injection) IPersonAppService interface to a class, a PersonAppService object is created and passed into constructor automatically.
Naming conventions are very important here. For example you can change name of PersonAppService to MyPersonAppService or another name which contains 'PersonAppService' postfix since the IPersonAppService has this postfix. But you can not name your service as PeopleService. If you do it, it's not registered for IPersonAppService automatically (It's registered to DI framework but with self-registration, not with interface), so, you should manually register it if you want.
ASP.NET Boilerplate registers assemblies by convention. So, you should tell to ASP.NET Boilerplate to register your assembly by convention. It's pretty easy:
IocManager.RegisterAssemblyByConvention(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly());
Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly() gets a reference to the assembly which contains this code. You can pass other assemblies to RegisterAssemblyByConvention method. This is generally done when your module is being initialized. See ASP.NET Boilerplate's module system for more.
You can write your own conventional registration class by implementing IConventionalRegisterer interface and calling IocManager.AddConventionalRegisterer method with your class. You should add it in pre-initialize method of your module.
You may want to register a specific class that does not fit to conventional registration rules. ASP.NET Boilerplate provides ITransientDependency and ISingletonDependency interfaces as a shortcut. For example:
public interface IPersonManager
{
//...
}
public class MyPersonManager : IPersonManager, ISingletonDependency
{
//...
}
In that way, you can easily register MyPersonManager. When need to inject a IPersonManager, MyPersonManager class is used. Notice that dependency is declared as Singleton. Thus, a single instance of MyPersonManager is created and same object is passed to all needed classes. It's just created in first usage, then same instance is used in whole life of the application.
If the approaches described before is no sufficient for your situation, you can direcly use Castle Windsor to register your classes and dependencies. Thus, you will have all capabilities of registering in Castle Windsor.
Castle Windsor has IWindsorInstaller interface that can be implemented for registration. You can create a class that implements IWindsorInstaller interface in your application:
public class MyInstaller : IWindsorInstaller
{
public void Install(IWindsorContainer container, IConfigurationStore store)
{
container.Register(Classes.FromThisAssembly().BasedOn<IMySpecialInterface>().LifestylePerThread().WithServiceSelf());
}
}
ASP.NET Boilerplate automatically finds and executes this class. Lastly, you
can reach to the WindsorContainer using IIocManager.IocContainer
property. For more information, read
Windsor's
documentation Registration informs IOC (Inversion of Control) Container (a.k.a. DI frameowk) about your classes, their dependencies and lifecycles. Somewhere in your application you need to create objects using IOC Container. ASP.NET Provides a few options for resolving dependencies.
You can use constructor and property injection to get dependencies to your classes as best practice. You should do it that way wherever it's possible. An example:
public class PersonAppService
{
public ILogger Logger { get; set; }
private IPersonRepository _personRepository;
public PersonAppService(IPersonRepository personRepository)
{
_personRepository = personRepository;
Logger = NullLogger.Instance;
}
public void CreatePerson(string name, int age)
{
Logger.Debug("Inserting a new person to database with name = " + name);
var person = new Person { Name = name, Age = age };
_personRepository.Insert(person);
Logger.Debug("Successfully inserted!");
}
}
IPersonRepository is injected from constructor and ILogger is injected with public property. In that way, your code will be unaware of dependency injection system at all. This is the most proper way of using DI system.
Sometime you may have to directly resolve your dependency instead of constructor & property injection. This should be avoided when possible, but it may be impossible. ASP.NET Boilerplate provides some services those can be injected and used easily. Example:
public class MySampleClass : ITransientDependency
{
private readonly IIocResolver _iocResolver;
public MySampleClass(IIocResolver iocResolver)
{
_iocResolver = iocResolver;
}
public void DoIt()
{
//Resolving, using and releasing manually
var personService1 = _iocResolver.Resolve<PersonAppService>();
personService1.CreatePerson(new CreatePersonInput { Name = "Yunus", Surname = "Emre" });
_iocResolver.Release(personService1);
//Resolving and using in a safe way
using (var personService2 = _iocResolver.ResolveAsDisposable<PersonAppService>())
{
personService2.Object.CreatePerson(new CreatePersonInput { Name = "Yunus", Surname = "Emre" });
}
}
}
MySampleClass in an example class in an application. It constructor-injected IIcResolver and used it to resolve and release objects. There are a few overloads of Resolve method can be used as needed. Release method is used to release component (object). It's critical to call Release if you're manually resolving an object. Otherwise, your application has some memory leak problem. To be sure of releasing the object, use ResolveAsDisposable (as shown in the example above) wherever it's possible. It automatically calls Release at the end of the using block.
If you want to directly reach to IOC Container (Castle Windsor) to resolve dependencies, you can consturctor-inject IIocManager and use IIocManager.IocContainer property. If you are in a static context or can not inject IIocManager, as a last chance, you can use singleton object IocManager.Instance everywhere. But, in that case your codes will not be easy to test.
Some classes need to be initialized before first usage. IShouldInitialize has an Initialize() method. If you implement it, then your Initialize() method is automatically called just after creating your object (before used). Surely, you should inject/resolve the object in order to work this feature.
Surely, we must call dependency injection system to resolve the root object in dependency graph. In an ASP.NET MVC application, it's generally a Controller class. We can use contructor injection and property injection patterns also in controllers. When a request come to our application, the controller is created using IOC container and all dependencies are resolved recursively. So, who does that? It's done automatically by ASP.NET Boilerplate by extending ASP.NET MVC's default controller factory. As similar, it's true for ASP.NET Web API also. You don't care about creating and disposing objects.
ASP.NET Boilerplate simplifies and automates using dependency injection as long as you follow the rules and use the structures above. Most of times you will not need more. But if you need, you can directly use all power of Castle Windsor to perform any task (like custom registrations, injection hooks, interceptors and so on).


Background
I installed Arch Linux on ThinkPad X1 Carbon 2018.
I edited /sys/devices/platform/i8042/serio1/
the file as well as ThinkPad x240 because I wanted to speed up TrackPoint.
But did not works…
Solution
Create the following file.
Path: /etc/libinput/local-overrides.quirks
Content:
[Trackpoint Override]
MatchUdevType=pointingstick
AttrTrackpointMultiplier=2.5
TrackPoint is a really good pointing device!
Reference
Change TrackPoint speed under Linux? https://www.reddit.com/r/thinkpad/comments/b5gqsv/change_trackpoint_speed_under_linux/


title = "Раздел форума" url = "/community/channel/:slug" layout = "octaskin" is_hidden = 0 child_of = "mey_no_parent" hide_crumb = 0 remove_crumb_trail = 0 crumb_disabled = 0 [forumChannel] slug = "{{ :channel }}" memberPage = "community" topicPage = "community" == {% partial "pages-about/header" %} {% component 'forumChannel' %}


| Total net profit | -88.1 | Gross profit | 329.6 | Gross loss | -417.7 |
| Profit factor | 0.79 | Expected payoff | -1.06 | ||
| Absolute drawdown | -130.9 | Maximal drawdown (%) | 117.3 (-862.5%) | ||
| Total trades | 83 | Profit trades (% of total) | 40 (48.19%) | Loss trades (% of total) | 43 (51.81%) |
| Long positions (won %) | 24 (50.0%) | Short positions (won %) | 59 (47.46%) | ||
| Largest | profit trade | 19.0 | loss trade | -31.3 | |
| Average | profit trade | 8.24 | loss trade | -9.71 | |
| Minimum | profit trade | 0.5 | loss trade | -0.6 | |
| Maximum | take profit in pips | 2620.0 | stop loss in pips | -3280.0 | |
| Average | take profit in pips | 899.6 | stop loss in pips | -1086.9 | |
| Minimum | take profit in pips | 50.0 | stop loss in pips | -60.0 | |
| Maximum | Reward-Risk | 43.7 | Duration in minutes | 3537 | |
| Average | Reward-Risk | 1.6 | Duration in minutes | 298.1 | |
| Minimum | Reward-Risk | 0.0 | Duration in minutes | 0 | |
| Maximum | consecutive wins (profit in money) | 4.0 (33.2) | consecutive losses (loss in money) | 6.0 (-49.0) | |
| Average | consecutive wins | 1.0 | consecutive losses | 1.0 |
| Total net profit | -75.6 | Gross profit | 55.6 | Gross loss | -131.2 |
| Profit factor | 0.42 | Expected payoff | -3.15 | ||
| Absolute drawdown | -88.7 | Maximal drawdown (%) | 94.9 (1530.65%) | ||
| Total trades | 24 | Profit trades (% of total) | 12 (50.0%) | Loss trades (% of total) | 12 (50.0%) |
| Largest | profit trade | 8.0 | loss trade | -24.0 | |
| Average | profit trade | 4.63 | loss trade | -10.93 | |
| Minimum | profit trade | 0.5 | loss trade | -0.6 | |
| Maximum | take profit in pips | 1390.0 | stop loss in pips | -3280.0 | |
| Average | take profit in pips | 621.3 | stop loss in pips | -1375.8 | |
| Minimum | take profit in pips | 50.0 | stop loss in pips | -680.0 | |
| Maximum | Reward-Risk | 1.7 | Duration in minutes | 1110.0 | |
| Average | Reward-Risk | 0.6 | Duration in minutes | 230.8 | |
| Minimum | Reward-Risk | 0.0 | Duration in minutes | 0.0 | |
| Maximum | consecutive wins (profit in money) | 6.0 (24.4) | consecutive losses (loss in money) | 4.0 (-32.2) | |
| Average | consecutive wins | 2.0 | consecutive losses | 2.0 |
| Total net profit | -12.5 | Gross profit | 274.0 | Gross loss | -286.5 |
| Profit factor | 0.96 | Expected payoff | -0.21 | ||
| Absolute drawdown | -78.6 | Maximal drawdown (%) | 65.0 (-477.94%) | ||
| Total trades | 59 | Profit trades (% of total) | 28 (47.46%) | Loss trades (% of total) | 31 (52.54%) |
| Largest | profit trade | 19.0 | loss trade | -31.3 | |
| Average | profit trade | 9.79 | loss trade | -9.24 | |
| Minimum | profit trade | 2.7 | loss trade | -0.6 | |
| Maximum | take profit in pips | 2620.0 | stop loss in pips | -3120.0 | |
| Average | take profit in pips | 1012.9 | stop loss in pips | -969.3 | |
| Minimum | take profit in pips | 250.0 | stop loss in pips | -60.0 | |
| Maximum | Reward-Risk | 43.7 | Duration in minutes | 3537.0 | |
| Average | Reward-Risk | 2.0 | Duration in minutes | 325.4 | |
| Minimum | Reward-Risk | Duration in minutes | 0.0 | ||
| Maximum | consecutive wins (profit in money) | 4.0 (33.5) | consecutive losses (loss in money) | 6.0 (-49.0) | |
| Average | consecutive wins | 1.0 | consecutive losses | 1.0 |


{% include "apis/apis_table.html" with apis=apis %}
{% endif %}
Note
When the API updates, it only updates the access mask and expiration date, which means changes from characters to accounts will cause problems, and vice versa.
This will be resolved soon.
Parts of the API will be saved into the database to make things easier and faster. You can remove your data when you delete your API, which means I will not be able to access it anymore.


CosmoFarmer 2.0
Your online guide to apartment farming
Rubber Duckies Needn't Apply
Something details
Cast-Iron No-Nos
Something details
HOME
FEATURES
EXPERTS
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PROJECTS
HOROSCOPES


ACID GONE ANTACID- aluminum hydroxide and magnesium carbonate liquid
Major Pharmaceuticals
Disclaimer: Most OTC drugs are not reviewed and approved by FDA, however they may be marketed if they comply with applicable regulations and policies. FDA has not evaluated whether this product complies.
Active ingredient (in each 15mL tablespoonful) Regular Strength
Aluminum hydroxide 95mg
Magnesium carbonate 358mg
Uses
relieves
- heartburn
- acid indigestion
- sour stomach
- upset stomach associated with these symptoms
Warnings
Do not use if you have kidney disease
Ask a doctor or pharmacist before use if you are
- taking a prescription drug. Antacids may interact with certain prescription drugs.
- if you are on a sodium-restricted diet
When using this product (Regular Strength)
- do not take more than 8 tablespoonfuls in 24 hours
- do not use the maximum dosage for more than 2 weeks
- laxative effect may occur
Keep out of reach of children.
In case of overdose, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away.
Directions (Regular Strength)
- shake well
- take 1-2 tablespoonfuls four times a day or as directed by a doctor
- take after meals and at bedtime
- dispense product only by spoon or other measuring device
Other information (Regular Strength)
-
each tablespoon (15mL) contains: magnesium 105mg, sodium 39mg
- store at up to 25°C (77°F); avoid freezing
- keep tightly closed
Inactive ingredients (Regular Strength)
benzyl alcohol, D&C yellow #10, edetate disodium, FD&C blue #1, flavor, glycerin, purified water, saccharin sodium, sodium alginate, sorbitol solution, xanthan gum
Questions or comments?
call toll-free 1-800-616-2471
Distributed by:
MAJOR PHARMACEUTICALS
Livonia, MI 48150 U.S.A
IMPORTANT:
Tamper-Evident: Do not use this product if inner foil seal over the mouth of the bottle is disturbed or missing
Principal Display Panel
Acid Gone Antacid
REGULAR STRENGTH
LIQUID ANTACID
- Fast-Acting
Heartburn Relief
- Helps Keep Acid
Down for Hours
12 fl oz (355 ml)


I'm {{ .Site.Params.author }}, a pre-med biology student at UT Austin. In July of 2020, I will begin attending medical school at UT McGovern in Houston.
I enjoy reading, traveling, boating, playing guitar, and spending time with friends and family.
Have a look at some of my working projects.
Also, please feel free to check out my academic & professional resume.
Contact me by email.
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Power BI Desktop gives you a variety of options for customizing how your selected visualizations look, such as the colors and format of the text that they contain. You should take time to explore the options to determine what impact they each have on a visual.
In this example, you will format and configure the default clustered column chart visualization to better meet the needs of your report requirements.
Start by selecting the visualization on the canvas, and then select the Format button (paint roller icon) to display the Format pane.
The formatting options that are available will depend on the type of visualization that you selected.
Common formatting options include the Title, Background, and Border. In the Title section, you can add a title to the visual, if it does not have one, or edit the title, if it has one already. The aim of the title is to clearly describe what data is being presented in the visual. You can format the title by changing the text, text size, font, color, background, and alignment. The subsequent section shows an example of customizing a title.
In the Background section, you can set any color or image as the background for the visual. If you plan to use an image as a background, try to select an image that won't have lines or shapes that would make it difficult for the user to read the data. It is best to keep a white background so the presented data can be clearly seen. The subsequent section shows an example of customizing a background.
In the Border section, you can set a border around the visual to isolate the visual from other elements on the canvas, which helps make it easier for the user to read and understand the data. You can change the border color and radius to be consistent with your color scheme.
If a General section is available, you'll be able to set the precise size and place for your visual on your canvas. This option might be suitable if the drag-and-drop feature is not placing the visual exactly where you want it to be. It can also be useful to ensure that you have aligned specific visuals consistently.
You might also be able to format the colors and labels for specific data values. In the Data colors section, you can set the colors that you want to use for the data values in the visual. You can use different colors for different fields, but always try to be consistent when it comes to selecting those colors. It is best to use the same color scheme throughout the report. In the Data labels section, you can change fonts, size, and colors for all labels in the visual. Try to use solid colors so the labels are clearly visible. For example, if the background is white, use a black or dark grey color to display your labels.
The Tooltips section allows you to add a customized tooltip that appears when you hover over the visual, based on report pages that you create in Power BI Desktop. Tooltips is a great feature because it provides more contextual information and detail to data points on a visual. The default tooltip displays the data point's value and category, but your custom tooltips can include visuals, images, and any other collection of items that you create in the report page. The subsequent section shows an example of customizing a tooltip.
As you make changes in the Format pane, notice that the visualization updates immediately to reflect those changes. If you need to revert the changes that you make, select the Revert to default option at the bottom of each section in the Format pane.
In the following examples, you will edit the title, change the background, and add a tooltip.
You can edit a default title and add a title, if you don't have one. In this example, you will select the column chart visualization and then, in the Format pane, scroll down and expand the Title section. Edit the current title by adding a space between Sales and Amount, and then increase the font size to 16 points.
It is best practice to keep the default white background so the presented data can be clearly seen. However, you can change the default background color to make a visualization more colorful and easier to read or to match a particular color scheme. In this example, continue with the column chart that is selected and then, in the Format pane, expand the Background section and change the color to light grey.
Using tooltips is a clever way of providing more contextual information and detail to data points on a visual. When you add a visual, the default tooltip displays the data point's value and category, but you can customize this information to suit your needs. For example, you might want to provide your report users with additional context and information, or specify additional data points that you want users to see when they hover over the visual.
To expand on the data points that are displayed in the default tooltip, you can drag a field (value) from the Fields panel into the Tooltips bucket. However, you should not add many more fields to the tooltips because adding too many fields can introduce performance issues and slow down your visuals.
The following image shows the default tooltip first and then the customized tooltip that displays additional data.
Another way to use tooltips is to display graphical information. The process of adding this type of tooltip is not as straightforward, but it is worthwhile. You would begin by creating a new page in the report.
Open the new page and then open the Format pane. Expand the Page Size section and then select Tooltip from the Type list.
In the Page information section, turn the Tooltip slider to On so that Power BI registers this page as a tooltip page
Tooltips have limited canvas space, so to ensure that your visuals appear in the tooltip, on the View tab, set the Page view option to Actual size.
Next, add one or more visuals to the tooltip page, in the same way that you would on any other report page.
Now, you need to specify the fields for which you want the tooltip to display. Select the tooltip page and then select the Values tab in the Visualizations pane. Drag the fields from the Fields pane into the Tooltip bucket. In this example, you will drag the SalesAmount field into the Tooltip bucket.
Return to the report page and apply the tooltip to one or more visuals on that page. Select a visual and then, in the Format pane, scroll down to the Tooltip section. Turn the tooltip option On and then select your tooltip page from the Page list.
When you hover over the visual, the tooltip will display.


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--- layout: default ---
Produce predictable and consumable REST error payloads with Valex, a YAML-based validation and exception management library for Java.
Tokamak is a Spring Boot OAuth 2.0 JWT Authorization Server with a React front end to simplify the management your apps and accounts.
The Spin framework allows you to seamlessly start and stop your microservices infrastructure as part of a JUnit test run.
Used throughout the Pattern stack, Minimal is a simple Java API that exposes minimalist interfaces for common functions including identity generation, JSON parsing and reflection.


Numbers can be typeof number or typeof object.
There is no need to create numbers as objects.
Never create numbers as objects.
Numbers and objects cannot be safely compared.
JavaScript objects cannot be compared.


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block content %}
Please upload a suitable file below. If you are converting multiple files, refresh the page before doing so.
Values already in boxes are default. If you do not wish to enter your own variables, skip this section.
Enter the average pipe length (m) between the water main and a household’s sump, meter, or rooftank:
Enter the average roughness factor for existing pipes:
Enter diameter of individual household connections (mm):
Enter the minor loss coefficient between the main and the household’s sump, meter, or rooftank:
Enter the x-coordinate offset to use in EPANET so the added tank does not get placed on top of the junction it connects to:
Enter the y-coordinate offset to use in EPANET so the added tank does not get placed on top of the junction it connects to:
Enter the height (not elevation) of the household’s tank or sump (m). For households without a physical tank, enter 0.1:
Enter the percent (0 to 1) of a node’s daily demand that will fill a tank. For networks that do morning and evening supply, this might be 0.5 or 0.75. For networks that supply alternate days, this would then be 2:
The algorithm assumes some skeletonization has been done in the network model. It scales the parameters of the typical house given above by the number of houses that are combined at the node. To do this, an average household consumption value is needed (liters per household per day):
MANDATORY: The algorithm splits all demand nodes into three categories. The first category gets tanks at one elevation, the second gets tanks at a different elevation, and the third category is ignored. We use the first letter of the node’s name is determine which category it should go in. Category 1 nodes should start with this letter:
STRONGLY SUGGESTED: Category 2 nodes should start with this letter:
Category 1 nodes will have tanks placed at this height above the node’s elevation (m):
Category 2 nodes will have tanks placed at this height above the node’s elevation (m):


|
The Contender
by Reginia Judge
There are several themes illustrated
in The Contender. This film utilizes the process of
selecting political leaders as a vehicle through which we consider
topics such as sexism and the right of privacy.
Laine
Hanson may very well be the first woman to hold the office of
Vice President of the United States. Three weeks have passed
since the vice president's death and the president is anxious
to name a successor. His designate is Senator Laine Hanson,
the gentle lady from Ohio. Before she can assume office, however,
Senator Hanson must participate in a confirmation hearing administered
by the House of Representatives. The hearing will assist the
House in deciding whether to reject or consent to her nomination.
Herein lies Senator Hanson's nemesis, Senator Shelly Runyon,
Chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee. Senator Runyon has
another candidate in mind for the vice presidency. For this
reason, he will do whatever it takes to ensure enough votes against
Senator Hanson. In order to discredit and humiliate her, Senator
Runyon leaks information about an alleged sexual encounter Senator
Hanson had in college.
The focus of this film is the
inquest Senator Hanson undergoes as part of the confirmation
process.  In actuality,
her gender is both an asset and a liability. The president makes
no secret of the fact that putting a woman in office means a
great deal to him. He believes in the concept of making the
American dream blind to gender and wants to crystallize this
belief by choosing a female vice president.
The film blatantly illustrates an instance in which she is subjected
to a double standard because she is female. Upon her nomination,
Senator Hanson's husband is advised that he should stay behind
the scenes during the confirmation period. It is explained that
although a wife seen behind her husband is viewed as supportive,
a husband in the same position is viewed as a puppeteer. This
conveys the notion that it is acceptable for a woman to be seen
supporting her husband, but she is not worthy of similar public
encouragement. On the surface this sentiment imparts a since
of shame upon men, but what it really does is cast a disparaging
light on women. It sends a message that it is all right for
a woman to "stand by her man," but she is not entitled
to reciprocal treatment, at least not in public. Casting a negative
reflection on men cleverly accomplishes this objective.
In the senator's opinion, her
gender has precipitated the inquiry about a sexual encounter
that supposedly occurred when she was nineteen years old.  If it's not relevant for a man, it's
not relevant for a woman." Senator Hanson is described
as a cancer of virtuous decay because of an incident that purportedly
occurred more then twenty-five years ago. Questions that must
be raised at this juncture are: Why is this incident so critical
to the confirmation process? Is a virtuous candidate more trustworthy
and reliable than one who is not? By whose standard should one
be characterized as virtuous?
The very mention of the past
of a candidate or political appointee raises the issue of the
right of privacy. Must the public know if a candidate committed
adultery or had children out of wedlock in order to determine
if the candidate is fit for office? Should moral character be
one of the barometers upon which we elect our public officials?
Of course we want politicians to possess a since of morality.
Because they are entrusted with such tremendous amounts of authority,
we want politicians to be honest and forthright. At what point.
however, does our investigation of them move beyond seeking to
appoint an honorable person and become a witch-hunt?
The measure of an individual's
capability for assuming office should be based on the individual's
opinions, philosophies and political track record. However,
this is not always the case. The lives of public figures, both
past and present, are placed under a magnifying glass for the
entire world to examine. The confirmation hearing of Clarence
Thomas exemplified this fact. Additionally, it is common knowledge
that the awareness of marital infidelities can cost candidates
elections. Remember Gary Hart? Yet in contrast, the Monica
Lewinsky affair didn't seem to hurt President Clinton's standing
with the public even after his impeachment. President Clinton's
situation evidences the fact that public sentiment can go either
way.
In refusing to address any
questions based on her past sexual conduct, Senator Hanson makes
an important statement. Her position indicates that these types
of personal questions have no place in the political arena and
therefore she will not address them to either confirm or deny
their accuracy. She states, "I cannot respond to the committee's
lightly veiled accusations because to do so would imply that
it was all right for them to be made." Imagine what would
happen if all those with political aspirations responded like
the senator.
Posted February 1, 2001
|


×
Game Master: Insert your incident scenarios (in JSON format) into the "general_incidents.json" file inside the incidents folder. Use "label" for the title of the incident and "description" for the description of the incident. Pick a trainee to spin the wheel and solve the incident.
You can read a comprehensvie example on how to conduct the exercise
here, but, feel free to set your own roles, duration and frequency. Have fun!


History
The first popular use of braces to indicate scope was the
Algol programming language from about 1960.
Many newer languages have chosen better alternatives
to this particularly awkward and error-prone notation.
For example, Visual Basic uses keywords to indicate the
end of statement scope and Python uses indentation,
but the C/C++/Java/C# family continues to use braces.
One-statement body
For if
, while
, and for
statements
the rule is that the body consists of one statement.
If you want more than one statement in the body, you can
enclose the statements in curly braces. Remember that excess
white space, blanks, tabs, and newlines, don't
change the interpretation of a program's syntax.
For example,
if (x==1) n++;
is the same as
if (x==1)
x++;
is the same as
if (x==1) {
x++;
}
as are many other variations. The braces are necessary when
there is more than one statement in the body.
if (x==1) {
n++;
p++;
}
This will increment both n
and p
if x
is one.
In contrast,
if (x==1)
n++;
p++;
will increment only n
if x
is one, then always
increment p
, despite the misleading indentation.
What is "one" statement?
In addition to the obvious single statements, eg an assignment statement,
an if
, while
, or other statement that may contain
a body is one statement.
while (cin >> x)
if (x==1)
n++;
else
n--;
The if
statement counts as only one statement, even tho
it contains other statements.
Rule: Always indent
Regardless of the use of braces, always indent statements that are
in the body of another statement.
Common rule: Always use braces
Altho the language doesn't require it, some programming style standards
require the use of the braces, even if there is only one statement in the
body of another statement. Why? (1) Because it improves the uniformity and
therefore readability, and (2) because inserting an additional statement in
the body where there is only one statement is less error-prone because it's
easy to forget to add braces when the indentation gives such a strong (but possibly misleading)
guide to the structure.


Does a Commonly-Implemented Court Diversion Strategy Improve Attendance in Elementary School?
Evaluation of the Ramsey County Family Truancy Intervention Program
with Clea McNeely, Janet Rosenbaum, Lynette Renner, and Besu Alemu
Motivation and Relevance
-
Chrnoic absenteeism is widespread (USED, 2016)
-
Over 7 million students missed 15 or more days of school in 2015-16
-
Hidden educational crisis
-
Increasing demand for evidence-based interventions.
-
Increasing demand for the rigorous evaluation of the truancy programs in the literature (Fantuzzo et al., 2005; Stephen et al., 2010)
-
Most common type of truancy intervention program: Court-diversion programs (McNeely & Carpenter, 2018)
Introduction:
-
Chronic absenteeism is defined as:
-
Missing 15 or more school days in a school year
-
2.4 million elementary students are chronically absent (DOE 2016)
-
Chronic Absenteeism is correlated with:
- For individuals:
-
Lower academic performance (kobrin, 2009; Maynard et al., 2012)
-
Anti-social behaivior (Claes et al., 2009; Kearney, 2008a)
-
Substance abuse (Hirschfield & Gasper, 2011; Vaughn et al.,2013)
-
Negative labor market outcomes (Halfors et al., 2002; Stuit & Springer., 2010)
- For Community:
-
Lower tax revenue (Tyler & Lofstrom, 2009; Stuit & Springer, 2010)
-
Higher crime rates (Tyler & Lofstrom, 2009; Stuit & Springer, 2010)
Previous & Current efforts to reduce absenteeism
-
Treatment Vs. Punishment
-
The pre-2000s correctional model
-
Court + Community-based service model:
-
Based on better theretical grounds
-
But, little progress has been made (Jacob & Lovett, 2017; Maynard et al., 2017)
-
Between 2002 - 2014, truancy rate constant at 11%
-
Prior evaluations suffer from (Maynard et al., 2013; Sutphen et al., 2010):
-
Small sample size
-
Short-term follow-up
-
Sample attrition
-
Dissimilar comparison
groups
This study
-
Evaluate the effectiveness of a large-scale chronic absenteeism intervention program:
-
Implemented in an urban county since the early 2000s
-
Focuses on referral between 2006-2009
-
Approximately 500 referral annually
-
Low-cost, but involves participation of parents, schools, community partners and legal strategy
Data
-
Department of Education & Department of Human Services:
-
Student-year level data (2004-2015)
-
Yearly attendance rate
-
Socio-demographic variables
-
Standardized test scores, math and reading
-
Child welfare involvement
-
Absenteeism data from school districts in program county:
-
Student-day level data (2004-2015)
-
Unexcused vs. excused absence information
-
Program data from county attorney's office:
Description of the program
-
The intervention program consists of three steps:
-
Step 1. Referral to large-group parent meeting
-
After 5 or more unexcused absences
-
Explains the legal and social consequences of continuing chronic absenteeism
-
Step 2. Referral to small-group school attendance review team (SART)
-
After 5 additional unexcused absences
-
Small group creates constructive formalized plan to improve attendance
-
Step 3. Petition to family court/referral to child welfare
-
Court-ordered to comply with a case plan developed by child protection office
Identification strategy
-
Primary concern of program evaluation studies: Problem of selection
-
Matching on pre-treatment characteristics:
-
Comparison pool come from adjecant County that did not have the county-wide absenteeism program
-
Matching process ensures that the comparison group is characteristically similar to the treatment group
-
Difference-in-differences method:
-
Leverages panel data, further eliminates time invariant unobserved characteristics that might have affected the selection process
Descriptive Characteristics of program Students
Table. Mean difference T-test: Never-referred vs. Ever-referred
| |
Mean(Never-referred) |
Mean(Ever-Referred) |
T-stat |
P-value |
| Attendance rate |
0.95 |
0.89 |
34.87 |
0.00 |
| Number of schools |
1.63 |
2.04 |
-21.69 |
0.00 |
| Disability |
0.18 |
0.29 |
-9.68 |
0.00 |
| Free-lunch eligible |
0.43 |
0.87 |
-56.83 |
0.00 |
| Female |
0.49 |
0.43 |
4.09 |
0.00 |
| Grade |
4.06 |
3.84 |
7.47 |
0.00 |
| Grade retention (ever) |
0.14 |
0.29 |
-12.99 |
0.00 |
| Child welfare involvement (ever) |
0.10 |
0.36 |
-20.88 |
0.00 |
| Out-of-home replacement (ever) |
0.05 |
0.18 |
-13.20 |
0.00 |
| English learner |
0.31 |
0.24 |
6.04 |
0.00 |
| White |
0.48 |
0.19 |
27.81 |
0.00 |
| Black |
0.20 |
0.51 |
-23.99 |
0.00 |
| Hispanic |
0.10 |
0.14 |
-4.32 |
0.00 |
| Asian |
0.20 |
0.12 |
8.98 |
0.00 |
| American Indian |
0.02 |
0.03 |
-3.69 |
0.00 |
| N |
59,875 |
1,532 |
|
|
|
→
Unit of observation is student; Sample includes students in grades 2 - 5 between school years 2006-2009.
|
Matching pool
-
Students enrolled in an adjacent metro county [not affected by the county-wide truancy intervention program]
-
Total number of students (Enrolls about 80,000 students)
-
Share of minority
-
Share of free lunch eligible
-
Share of non-native English speakers
-
Matching conducted on individual-level characteristics by grade, by school year
-
Socio-demographic status
-
Standardized test scores
-
Child welfare involvement
Descriptive characteristics of program vs. comparison county
| |
Comparison County |
Program County |
| Attendance rate |
0.92 |
0.93 |
| Number of schools |
1.64 |
1.72 |
| Disability |
0.18 |
0.17 |
| Free-lunch eligible |
0.47 |
0.47 |
| Female |
0.49 |
0.48 |
| English learner |
0.25 |
0.29 |
| White |
0.42 |
0.47 |
| Black |
0.32 |
0.30 |
| Hispanic |
0.13 |
0.10 |
| Asian |
0.10 |
0.21 |
| American Indian |
0.03 |
0.02 |
| N |
78,852 |
81,501 |
|
→
Unit of observation is student; Sample includes all graders in 2010 school year.
|
Matching Covariate Balance: Grade 2 referral group
Matching Covariate Balance: Grade 3 - 5 referral group
Trends in yearly attendance rate:
Treated vs. Comparison group
Trends in yearly attendance rate
Treated vs. Comparison group
Difference-in-differences
We estimate following generalized DD basic model:
\begin{align*}
y_{it} = \alpha +\beta P_{it} + X_{it}\gamma + \rho_{t} + \gamma_{i} + \varepsilon_{it}
\end{align*}
-
$P_{it}$ is a binary indicator for pre- and post-program referral for student i
where we set t=0 (a year of the referral) as the reference category
-
$X_{it}$ are the vector of time-varying student characteristics
-
$\rho_{t}$ is grade dummies that captures time-trends
-
$\gamma_{i}$ controls for the time-constant unobserved individual level
characteristics
-
$\varepsilon_{it}$ is an error term assumed to be i.i.d.
Pre-post mean difference estimates
Main results: Difference-in-Differences estimator
Program Effect Estimate (DD): Grade 2 referral group
Program Effect Estimate (DD): Grade 3 - 5 referral group
Robustness Check
-
Concern of the main analysis
-
Attendance rate doesn't distinguish between excused/unexcused absence
-
For the robustness check
-
Estimated short-term program effects using daily attendance data
Distribution of Month of Referral
Trends in average number of unexcused absence days
Before and after referral
Conclusion
-
Failed to find evidence that the program has a statistically positive effect on attendance.
-
No effect in the long-term
-
No effect in the short-term
-
Regression to the mean/transitory nature of absence
-
Emphasizes importance of comparison group
-
Bias can be larger in studies that examines short-term effect of the program
Limitation
-
Possible heterogeneous school-level interventions
-
Does not account for long-term effect on the unexcuse absence
Policy implication
based on the findings and the literature
-
Need Regular evaluation of programs to identify best practices
-
Quality of implementation seems critical
-
Implementation is particularly challenging:
-
Parental substance abuse
-
School bullying
-
Transportation challenges
-
Collect data on program implementaion, fidelity
-
Multi-dimensional interventions (Epstein, 2001)
-
Greater school-based efforts:
-
School districts and school need more local funding to tackle the problem they are facing
-
Hiring more social workers or attendance staff
-
school-based health and mental health services
-
more implentation of strategies that involve families and the community, have a restorative focus
-
School districts and school need more local funding
Family-Centered Measures of Access to Early Care and Education
with Elizabeth Davis and Aaron Sojourner


Zanzibar
Zanzibar is an archipelago of historic Indian Ocean islands, awash with atmosphere, intrigue, and idyllic beach experiences. There are masses of accommodation options across the price spectrum, and plenty to see, do and discover. As the birthplace of the Swahili, site of Sultans' Palaces and renowned for its spice plantations,the little island republic of Zanzibar features larger-than-life on the world map and is a must-see at the end of any trip to Tanzania.
Zanzibar archipelago is comprised of the two main islands of Zanzibar and Pemba Island and also some other little islands dotted around,including a few absolutely stunning private ones…
The islands worth mentioning in the archipelago apart from Zanzibar itself are definitely Pemba Island and the few private islands. The other islands do not have accommodation options and therefore are best explored as part of a day trip whilst staying on Zanzibar Island (where there are a lot of fabulous accommodation options!).
Zanzibar’s history was greatly shaped by its geography, the prevailing winds of the region placing it directly on the Indian Ocean trade routes and making it accessible to both traders and colonists from Arabia, south Asia, and the African mainland. The first immigrants were the Africans; the next were the Persians, who began to land in Zanzibar in the 10th century and who, over a brief period, became absorbed into the local population and disappeared as a separate group. Their influence was left in the gradual consolidation of disparate villages and rural populations into what came to be recognized as two peoples, the Hadimu and the Tumbatu. This African-Persian population converted to Islam and adopted many Persian traditions. (Even today, most of Zanzibar’s African population calls itself “Shirazi,” in echo of the ancient Persian principality of Shīrāz, from which the earliest Persians came.)
The islands worth mentioning in the archipelago apart from Zanzibar itself are definitely Pemba Island and the few private islands. The other islands do not have accommodation options and therefore are best explored as part of a day trip whilst staying on Zanzibar Island (where there are a lot of fabulous accommodation options!).


Brian Bat
About
Portfolio
Contact
Portfolio
Hangman
RPG Game
Trivia Game
Rutgers Info Widget
Rock Paper Scissors


Welcome to the Isaac Randomizer! Just hit "Randomize!" or, if you want more options, select what you want included in your random draw
Randomize!
Presets
Normal Characters
Tainted Characters
Final Bosses


| Attributes' Summary |
| DocumentSlides |
The set of slides that are displayed by the implementing object.
|
| IsHighlightCurrentSlide |
Set this flag to true in order to have the current slide
highlighted.
|
| IsShowSelection |
Set this flag to true in order to visualize the selection of
slides (typically a bold frame around the selected slides).
|
| IsShowFocus |
Set this flag to true to visualize to where the focus is by
showing a dotted rectangle around the focused slide.
|
| IsCenterSelection |
When this flag has the value true then every time the current
slide is changed the visual area is shifted so that the new current
slide is display in the center of the slide sorter window.
|
| IsSuspendPreviewUpdatesDuringFullScreenPresentation |
This flag controls whether updates of previews are created during
full screen presentations (false) or not (true). The
suspension of preview creations is an optimization for not slowing
down a running presentation.
|
| IsOrientationVertical |
The orientation of a slide sorter can be either vertical (true)
or horizontal (false).
|
| IsSmoothScrolling |
This flag is a hint to make scrolling look smooth.
|
| BackgroundColor |
|
| TextColor |
|
| SelectionColor |
|
| HighlightColor |
|
| IsUIReadOnly |
This flag controls whether the model can be modified by using
keyboard or mouse.
|
| Attributes' Details |
DocumentSlides
::com::sun::star::container::XIndexAccess DocumentSlides;
- Description
- The set of slides that are displayed by the implementing object.
The default value is the set of all slides of the document for
which a slide sorter is created.
|
|
IsHighlightCurrentSlide
boolean IsHighlightCurrentSlide;
- Description
- Set this flag to true in order to have the current slide
highlighted.
The default value is false.
|
|
IsShowSelection
boolean IsShowSelection;
- Description
- Set this flag to true in order to visualize the selection of
slides (typically a bold frame around the selected slides).
The default value is true.
|
|
IsShowFocus
boolean IsShowFocus;
- Description
- Set this flag to true to visualize to where the focus is by
showing a dotted rectangle around the focused slide.
The default value is true.
|
|
IsCenterSelection
boolean IsCenterSelection;
- Description
- When this flag has the value true then every time the current
slide is changed the visual area is shifted so that the new current
slide is display in the center of the slide sorter window.
It is not always possible to move the current slide into the
exact center of the window, for example when slides are located near
the start or end of a document.
The default value is false.
|
|
IsSuspendPreviewUpdatesDuringFullScreenPresentation
boolean IsSuspendPreviewUpdatesDuringFullScreenPresentation;
- Description
- This flag controls whether updates of previews are created during
full screen presentations (false) or not (true). The
suspension of preview creations is an optimization for not slowing
down a running presentation.
The default value is true.
|
|
IsOrientationVertical
boolean IsOrientationVertical;
- Description
- The orientation of a slide sorter can be either vertical (true)
or horizontal (false).
|
|
IsSmoothScrolling
boolean IsSmoothScrolling;
- Description
- This flag is a hint to make scrolling look smooth.
|
|
BackgroundColor
::com::sun::star::util::Color BackgroundColor;
|
|
| TextColor
|
SelectionColor
::com::sun::star::util::Color SelectionColor;
|
|
HighlightColor
::com::sun::star::util::Color HighlightColor;
|
|
IsUIReadOnly
boolean IsUIReadOnly;
- Description
- This flag controls whether the model can be modified by using
keyboard or mouse.
The default value is true.
|
|
Copyright © 2013, The Apache Software Foundation, Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. Apache, the Apache feather logo, Apache OpenOffice and OpenOffice.org are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.


NORTH SIKKIM
NORTH SIKKIM Tour is the most beautiful excursion of Nature, especially, the exploration of the eastern mountain range of the Great Himalaya. One of the most breathtaking landscapes in India, the region of the Northern part of the Sikkim state is the marvel of Nature of the Earth. The pristine view of the white snowy mountain tops, vivacious waterfalls, bustling rivers, majestic lakes and the vivid flora and fauna have the capacity to spellbind its visitors with its spectacular Natural untouched beauty.So, wait no more! And book northsikkim tour packages.
PACKAGE OFFERED:
- DURATION:7 NIGHTS,8 DAY.

- DATE OF JOURNEY:2ND OCTOBER,2021.
BACK TO HOME PAGE


In deep copyying, handling circlular refences is the easy part. Meouzer
Meouzer is biting his tail, which somehow just seems relevant.
Full code at Deep-Copy-Literals.js, which has no dependencies.
In an object tree, if two nodes are equal they are circular references if one is an ancestor of the other, but otherwise they are duplicate references. Circular references tend to cause infinite recursion in naive algorithms, while duplicate references do not.
Our goal is to show how to break circular references, so we take it easy and stick to copying literals.
The following is probably the simplest way to process a tree of nodes in preorder, with upper most node topNode.
However, it adequate for only the most basic tasks. One problem is that once a node is on the stack, it's ancestors have already been popped off. You can in fact transverse in preorder while keeping ancestors on the stack and doing so makes dealing with circular references a one liner, with some supporting code of course. Also the stack consists of nodes when it's possible that it should contain additional information for processing needs. So a member of the stack should roughly resemble something like {node:x, otherInfo:info, ...}.
In deep copying, stack members may be like {node:x, children:x.children, index:3} where index points to the child node currently being processed. When index passes its max = x.children.length - 1, all children of the node x have been processed, and x can then be popped off the stack. So a child while processing will always have its parent on the stack.
This tree can be "represented" in literal notation as var tree = {a:{b:{e:{},f:{}},c:{g:{}, h:{}},d:{i:{}, k:{}}}}. Let's process the "nodes" of this tree in a preorder transversal.
The above is the preorder transversal framework that can accomplish major things: stringification of objects, deep copying, and in part helps with breaking circular references in deep copying. Of course members of the stack may become more complicated with other information for the need.
We will next show how to deep copy literal objects with circular references with help from a cheater stack.
The object to be copied is called a source and its deep copy is called the target. Each node source.X, where X is a dotted chain of attributes, is also called a source and its target is target.X, the corresponding node in the target tree. When the deep copy algorithm is complete, each target will be a deep copy of its source.
The code below produces the tree on the left. We want to do a deep copy. Notice that x and y refer to each other through their attributes a and b. In the left tree, the two circular references are shown. We want to make sure the deep copy contains the same circular references, and that once a circular reference is obtained copying should stop for the node in question.
The following table depicts a stack algorithm in preorder transversal.
| Stack | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| depth | Source | Target | Keys in Preorder |
| 1 | z | cz = { } | |
| 2 | z.M = x | cz.M = { } | M |
| 3 | z.M.a = y | cz.M.a = { } | a |
| 4 | z.M.a.b = z.M | cz.M.a.b = cz.M | b |
| 4 | z.M.a.g = 2 | cz.M.a.g = 2 | g |
| 3 | z.M.f = 1 | cz.M.f = 1 | f |
| Intermission. Popcorn is ready! | |||
| 2 | z.N = y | cz.N = { } | N |
| 3 | z.N.b = x | cz.N.b = { } | b |
| 4 | z.N.b.a = z.N | cz.N.b.a = cz.N | a |
| 4 | z.N.b.f = 1 | cz.N.b.f = 1 | f |
| 3 | z.N.g = 2 | cz.N.g = 2 | g |
OK! The target is the deep copy of the source, but not originally. The target gets filled in as the algorithm progresses.
Original thoughts were that there's no way we are going to search through the stack in preorder transversal code to find circular references, so we are going to let the stack itself do the work. (1) The stack will keep a fast record, say a WeakSet of all sources on the stack and so infinite recursion is avoided since a source will not be pushed onto the stack if it already is on the stack.
(2) To check and close circular references the stack will maintain a WeakMap. Every time a source, and target are pushed onto the stack, the source will be weakly mapped to the target. Once we reach a particular source source.X that is already on the stack, we look up its target T in the WeakMap. The value of target.X in the target tree is set to T to close the circular reference and maintain consistency.
The WeakSet is redundant since the WeakMap is also a fast record of sources (in addition to their targets)
For example, when we see z.M.a.b = x is already a source on the stack, we lookup its target which is cx. We then know to set cz.M.a.b to that target cx to duplicate the circular reference.
You should now be able to make headway on the grand finale: The deep copy algorithm of literals that can deal with circular references.
The reader can create more extensive examples.
In addition to circular references, which cause infinite recursion unless you specifically code for that possibility, there may be duplicate references that themselves should really be taken care of. To do that in the CheaterStack pop code delete the line wm.delete(x.source);. You can even do better. In deepCopyLiteral code, start with [] as the stack, i.e., no cheater stack, then deepCopyLiteral will itself use a weak map to take care of circular references and duplicate references.
However, cheater stacks are still important and you got to see a simple example of one.


ImpulseDE
Differential expression for time-course data.
DE with an impulse model
We have developed and implemented two differential expression algorithms tailored to time course bulk sequencing data: ImpulseDE and ImpulseDE2. The two methods are based on different statistical frameworks and are appropriate for different situations: ImpulseDE is based on a model-free error model and can be used for any type of time course measurement and may be used for micro array data for example. ImpulseDE2 is tailored to sequencing data (expected counts or counts) and therefore appropriate for RNA-seq, ATAC-seq and ChIP-seq.
We have recently developed LineagePulse, which extends the model of ImpulseDE2 to identify genes that are differentially expressed in an ordered set of single cells. LineagePulse is appropriate for use in singe cell RNA-seq data where cells are ordered according to predicted pseudotime.
ImpulseDE2
ImpulseDE2 can find non-constant expression trajectories which follow a unimodal (impulse) pattern or find trajectories which differ between two conditions (such as case and control). Moreover, ImpulseDE2 can find transiently up or down-regulated genes.
ImpulseDE2 is an R Bioconductor package that can be accessed here. Detailed instructions for usage can be found in the vignette.
Manuscript can be obtained from here.
ImpulseDE
ImpulseDE is an R Bioconductor package for detecting differentially expressed genes whether for a single time course (analysis of differential expression behavior over time) or between two time courses (comparative analysis). It is based on the impulse model introduced by Chechik and Koller in 2009, which captures the impulse-like changes of gene expression typically observed for cells responding to perturbations or environmental changes.
Objective
To test for differential expression in case of a single time course experiment, we evaluate the extent by which the impulse model (representing the alternative hypothesis) fits the expression profile better than a flat line (null hypothesis). In the case of two time courses (case and control) we evaluate the extent to which two models (a separate model for each time course; representing the alternative hypothesis) describe the expression profile better than a single model (null hypothesis; for example, both data sets are generated by the same model (combined)).
Input requirements
- any kind or normalized high throughput expression data set, including microarray and RNA-Seq gene expression data as well as ChiP-seq data
- at least six time points (required for model inference)
Workflow
- The genes are clustered (separately for each time course) using k-means, where k is determined iteratively to optimize the similarity of gene patterns within a cluster.
- The parameters of the impulse model are fit to the mean expression profile of each cluster (minimizing the sum of squared error; SSE) using two different optimization strategies. Since both approaches return local optima, the analysis is repeated 50 times (default) for each strategy using different initializations for the parameters’ values.
- The top three sets of parameters (out of the 100, default) for each cluster are used as starting points to fit the model to each gene separately.
- Random sampling and bootstrapping is used (Storey et al. , 2005) in order to enable the determination of significance levels (evidences to reject the null hypothesis).
- The resulting p-values are FDR-corrected (q-value) to account for multiple testing (Benjamini and Hochberg, 1995).
Features
- The implementation includes the use of multi-threading (running fits to different clusters or different randomized samples in parallel) to further reduce running time
Availability
Manuscript can be obtained here.
Download it on GitHub. ImpulseDE is also available on Bioconductor.


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