Class Set<T>
Set<T> is a collection that contains items of type T. The item are maintained in a haphazard, unpredictable order, and duplicate items are not allowed.
Implements
Inherited Members
Namespace: Wintellect.PowerCollections
Assembly: CADability.dll
Syntax
[Serializable]
public class Set<T> : CollectionBase<T>, ICollection, ICollection<T>, IEnumerable<T>, IEnumerable, ICloneable
Type Parameters
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| T |
Remarks
The items are compared in one of two ways. If T implements IComparable<T> then the Equals method of that interface will be used to compare items, otherwise the Equals method from Object will be used. Alternatively, an instance of IComparer<T> can be passed to the constructor to use to compare items.
Set is implemented as a hash table. Inserting, deleting, and looking up an an element all are done in approximately constant time, regardless of the number of items in the Set.
Constructors
| Improve this Doc View SourceSet()
Creates a new Set. The Equals method and GetHashCode method on T will be used to compare items for equality.
Declaration
public Set()
Remarks
Items that are null are permitted, and will be sorted before all other items.
Set(IEnumerable<T>)
Creates a new Set. The Equals method and GetHashCode method on T will be used to compare items for equality.
Declaration
public Set(IEnumerable<T> collection)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<T> | collection | A collection with items to be placed into the Set. |
Remarks
Items that are null are permitted.
Set(IEnumerable<T>, IEqualityComparer<T>)
Creates a new Set. The Equals and GetHashCode method of the passed comparer object will be used to compare items in this set. The set is initialized with all the items in the given collection.
Declaration
public Set(IEnumerable<T> collection, IEqualityComparer<T> equalityComparer)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<T> | collection | A collection with items to be placed into the Set. |
| System.Collections.Generic.IEqualityComparer<T> | equalityComparer | An instance of IEqualityComparer<T> that will be used to compare items. |
Set(IEqualityComparer<T>)
Creates a new Set. The Equals and GetHashCode method of the passed comparer object will be used to compare items in this set.
Declaration
public Set(IEqualityComparer<T> equalityComparer)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Collections.Generic.IEqualityComparer<T> | equalityComparer | An instance of IEqualityComparer<T> that will be used to compare items. |
Properties
| Improve this Doc View SourceComparer
Returns the IEqualityComparer<T> used to compare items in this set.
Declaration
public IEqualityComparer<T> Comparer { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Collections.Generic.IEqualityComparer<T> | If the set was created using a comparer, that comparer is returned. Otherwise the default comparer for T (EqualityComparer<T>.Default) is returned. |
Count
Returns the number of items in the set.
Declaration
public override sealed int Count { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Int32 | The number of items in the set. |
Overrides
Remarks
The size of the set is returned in constant time.
Methods
| Improve this Doc View SourceAdd(T)
Adds a new item to the set. If the set already contains an item equal to
item
, that item is replaced with item
.
Declaration
public bool Add(T item)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| T | item | The item to add to the set. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Boolean | True if the set already contained an item equal to |
Remarks
Equality between items is determined by the comparison instance or delegate used to create the set.
Adding an item takes approximately constant time, regardless of the number of items in the set.
AddMany(IEnumerable<T>)
Adds all the items in collection
to the set. If the set already contains an item equal to
one of the items in collection
, that item will be replaced.
Declaration
public void AddMany(IEnumerable<T> collection)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<T> | collection | A collection of items to add to the set. |
Remarks
Equality between items is determined by the comparison instance or delegate used to create the set.
Adding the collection takes time O(M), where M is the
number of items in collection
.
Clear()
Removes all items from the set.
Declaration
public override sealed void Clear()
Overrides
Remarks
Clearing the set takes a constant amount of time, regardless of the number of items in it.
Clone()
Makes a shallow clone of this set; i.e., if items of the set are reference types, then they are not cloned. If T is a value type, then each element is copied as if by simple assignment.
Declaration
public Set<T> Clone()
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Set<T> | The cloned set. |
Remarks
Cloning the set takes time O(N), where N is the number of items in the set.
CloneContents()
Makes a deep clone of this set. A new set is created with a clone of each element of this set, by calling ICloneable.Clone on each element. If T is a value type, then each element is copied as if by simple assignment.
Declaration
public Set<T> CloneContents()
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Set<T> | The cloned set. |
Remarks
If T is a reference type, it must implement ICloneable. Otherwise, an InvalidOperationException is thrown.
Cloning the set takes time O(N), where N is the number of items in the set.
Exceptions
| Type | Condition |
|---|---|
| System.InvalidOperationException | T is a reference type that does not implement ICloneable. |
Contains(T)
Determines if this set contains an item equal to item
. The set
is not changed.
Declaration
public override sealed bool Contains(T item)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| T | item | The item to search for. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Boolean | True if the set contains |
Overrides
Remarks
Searching the set for an item takes approximately constant time, regardless of the number of items in the set.
ContainsAll(IEnumerable<T>)
Declaration
public bool ContainsAll(IEnumerable<T> collection)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<T> | collection |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Boolean |
Difference(Set<T>)
Computes the difference of this set with another set. The difference of these two sets
is all items that appear in this set, but not in otherSet
. A new set is
created with the difference of the sets and is returned. This set and the other set
are unchanged.
Declaration
public Set<T> Difference(Set<T> otherSet)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Set<T> | otherSet | Set to difference with. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Set<T> | The difference of the two sets. |
Remarks
The difference of two sets is computed in time O(N), where N is the size of the smaller set.
Exceptions
| Type | Condition |
|---|---|
| System.InvalidOperationException | This set and |
DifferenceWith(Set<T>)
Computes the difference of this set with another set. The difference of these two sets
is all items that appear in this set, but not in otherSet
. This set receives
the difference of the two sets; the other set is unchanged.
Declaration
public void DifferenceWith(Set<T> otherSet)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Set<T> | otherSet | Set to difference with. |
Remarks
The difference of two sets is computed in time O(N), where N is the size of the smaller set.
Exceptions
| Type | Condition |
|---|---|
| System.InvalidOperationException | This set and |
GetAndRemoveAny()
Declaration
public T GetAndRemoveAny()
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| T |
GetAny()
Returns an arbitrary object or null if there is none
Declaration
public T GetAny()
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| T |
GetEnumerator()
Returns an enumerator that enumerates all the items in the set. The items are enumerated in sorted order.
Declaration
public override sealed IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator()
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerator<T> | An enumerator for enumerating all the items in the Set. |
Overrides
Remarks
Typically, this method is not called directly. Instead the "foreach" statement is used to enumerate the items, which uses this method implicitly.
If an item is added to or deleted from the set while it is being enumerated, then the enumeration will end with an InvalidOperationException.
Enumerating all the items in the set takes time O(N), where N is the number of items in the set.
Intersection(Set<T>)
Computes the intersection of this set with another set. The intersection of two sets is all items that appear in both of the sets. A new set is created with the intersection of the sets and is returned. This set and the other set are unchanged.
Declaration
public Set<T> Intersection(Set<T> otherSet)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Set<T> | otherSet | Set to intersection with. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Set<T> | The intersection of the two sets. |
Remarks
When equal items appear in both sets, the intersection will include an arbitrary choice of one of the two equal items.
The intersection of two sets is computed in time O(N), where N is the size of the smaller set.
Exceptions
| Type | Condition |
|---|---|
| System.InvalidOperationException | This set and |
IntersectionWith(Set<T>)
Computes the intersection of this set with another set. The intersection of two sets is all items that appear in both of the sets. This set receives the intersection of the two sets, the other set is unchanged.
Declaration
public void IntersectionWith(Set<T> otherSet)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Set<T> | otherSet | Set to intersection with. |
Remarks
When equal items appear in both sets, the intersection will include an arbitrary choice of one of the two equal items.
The intersection of two sets is computed in time O(N), where N is the size of the smaller set.
Exceptions
| Type | Condition |
|---|---|
| System.InvalidOperationException | This set and |
IsDisjointFrom(Set<T>)
Determines if this set is disjoint from another set. Two sets are disjoint if no item from one set is equal to any item in the other set.
Declaration
public bool IsDisjointFrom(Set<T> otherSet)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Set<T> | otherSet | Set to check disjointness with. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Boolean | True if the two sets are disjoint, false otherwise. |
Remarks
The answer is computed in time O(N), where N is the size of the smaller set.
Exceptions
| Type | Condition |
|---|---|
| System.InvalidOperationException | This set and |
IsEmpty()
Declaration
public bool IsEmpty()
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Boolean |
IsEqualTo(Set<T>)
Determines if this set is equal to another set. This set is equal to
otherSet
if they contain the same items.
Declaration
public bool IsEqualTo(Set<T> otherSet)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Set<T> | otherSet | Set to compare to |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Boolean | True if this set is equal to |
Remarks
IsEqualTo is computed in time O(N), where N is the number of items in this set.
Exceptions
| Type | Condition |
|---|---|
| System.InvalidOperationException | This set and |
IsProperSubsetOf(Set<T>)
Determines if this set is a proper subset of another set. Neither set is modified.
This set is a subset of otherSet
if every element in this set
is also in otherSet
. Additionally, this set must have strictly
fewer items than otherSet
.
Declaration
public bool IsProperSubsetOf(Set<T> otherSet)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Set<T> | otherSet | Set to compare to. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Boolean | True if this is a proper subset of |
Remarks
IsProperSubsetOf is computed in time O(N), where N is the size of the this set.
Exceptions
| Type | Condition |
|---|---|
| System.InvalidOperationException | This set and |
IsProperSupersetOf(Set<T>)
Determines if this set is a proper superset of another set. Neither set is modified.
This set is a proper superset of otherSet
if every element in
otherSet
is also in this set.
Additionally, this set must have strictly more items than otherSet
.
Declaration
public bool IsProperSupersetOf(Set<T> otherSet)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Set<T> | otherSet | Set to compare to. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Boolean | True if this is a proper superset of |
Remarks
IsProperSubsetOf is computed in time O(M), where M is the size of
otherSet
.
Exceptions
| Type | Condition |
|---|---|
| System.InvalidOperationException | This set and |
IsSubsetOf(Set<T>)
Determines if this set is a subset of another set. Neither set is modified.
This set is a subset of otherSet
if every element in this set
is also in otherSet
.
Declaration
public bool IsSubsetOf(Set<T> otherSet)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Set<T> | otherSet | Set to compare to. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Boolean | True if this is a subset of |
Remarks
IsSubsetOf is computed in time O(N), where N is the size of the this set.
Exceptions
| Type | Condition |
|---|---|
| System.InvalidOperationException | This set and |
IsSupersetOf(Set<T>)
Determines if this set is a superset of another set. Neither set is modified.
This set is a superset of otherSet
if every element in
otherSet
is also in this set.
otherSet
.
Declaration
public bool IsSupersetOf(Set<T> otherSet)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Set<T> | otherSet | Set to compare to. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Boolean | True if this is a superset of |
Exceptions
| Type | Condition |
|---|---|
| System.InvalidOperationException | This set and |
Remove(T)
Searches the set for an item equal to item
, and if found,
removes it from the set. If not found, the set is unchanged.
Declaration
public override sealed bool Remove(T item)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| T | item | The item to remove. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Boolean | True if |
Overrides
Remarks
Equality between items is determined by the comparison instance or delegate used to create the set.
Removing an item from the set takes approximately constant time, regardless of the size of the set.
RemoveMany(IEnumerable<T>)
Removes all the items in collection
from the set.
Declaration
public int RemoveMany(IEnumerable<T> collection)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<T> | collection | A collection of items to remove from the set. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Int32 | The number of items removed from the set. |
Remarks
Equality between items is determined by the comparison instance or delegate used to create the set.
Removing the collection takes time O(M), where M is the
number of items in collection
.
Exceptions
| Type | Condition |
|---|---|
| System.ArgumentNullException |
|
SymmetricDifference(Set<T>)
Computes the symmetric difference of this set with another set. The symmetric difference of two sets is all items that appear in either of the sets, but not both. A new set is created with the symmetric difference of the sets and is returned. This set and the other set are unchanged.
Declaration
public Set<T> SymmetricDifference(Set<T> otherSet)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Set<T> | otherSet | Set to symmetric difference with. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Set<T> | The symmetric difference of the two sets. |
Remarks
The symmetric difference of two sets is computed in time O(N), where N is the size of the smaller set.
Exceptions
| Type | Condition |
|---|---|
| System.InvalidOperationException | This set and |
SymmetricDifferenceWith(Set<T>)
Computes the symmetric difference of this set with another set. The symmetric difference of two sets is all items that appear in either of the sets, but not both. This set receives the symmetric difference of the two sets; the other set is unchanged.
Declaration
public void SymmetricDifferenceWith(Set<T> otherSet)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Set<T> | otherSet | Set to symmetric difference with. |
Remarks
The symmetric difference of two sets is computed in time O(N), where N is the size of the smaller set.
Exceptions
| Type | Condition |
|---|---|
| System.InvalidOperationException | This set and |
TryGetItem(T, out T)
Determines if this set contains an item equal to item
, according to the
comparison mechanism that was used when the set was created. The set
is not changed.
If the set does contain an item equal to item
, then the item from the set is returned.
Declaration
public bool TryGetItem(T item, out T foundItem)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| T | item | The item to search for. |
| T | foundItem | Returns the item from the set that was equal to |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Boolean | True if the set contains |
Remarks
Searching the set for an item takes approximately constant time, regardless of the number of items in the set.
Examples
In the following example, the set contains strings which are compared in a case-insensitive manner.
Set<string> set = new Set<string>(StringComparer.CurrentCultureIgnoreCase);
set.Add("HELLO");
string s;
bool b = set.TryGetItem("Hello", out s); // b receives true, s receives "HELLO".
|
Improve this Doc
View Source
Union(Set<T>)
Computes the union of this set with another set. The union of two sets is all items that appear in either or both of the sets. A new set is created with the union of the sets and is returned. This set and the other set are unchanged.
Declaration
public Set<T> Union(Set<T> otherSet)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Set<T> | otherSet | Set to union with. |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Set<T> | The union of the two sets. |
Remarks
If equal items appear in both sets, the union will include an arbitrary choice of one of the two equal items.
The union of two sets is computed in time O(M + N), where M is the size of the one set, and N is the size of the other set.
Exceptions
| Type | Condition |
|---|---|
| System.InvalidOperationException | This set and |
UnionWith(Set<T>)
Computes the union of this set with another set. The union of two sets is all items that appear in either or both of the sets. This set receives the union of the two sets, the other set is unchanged.
Declaration
public void UnionWith(Set<T> otherSet)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Set<T> | otherSet | Set to union with. |
Remarks
If equal items appear in both sets, the union will include an arbitrary choice of one of the two equal items.
The union of two sets is computed in time O(M + N), where M is the size of the larger set, and N is the size of the smaller set.
Exceptions
| Type | Condition |
|---|---|
| System.InvalidOperationException | This set and |
Operators
| Improve this Doc View SourceAddition(Set<T>, T)
Declaration
public static Set<T> operator +(Set<T> t1, T t2)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Set<T> | t1 | |
| T | t2 |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Set<T> |
Addition(Set<T>, Set<T>)
Declaration
public static Set<T> operator +(Set<T> t1, Set<T> t2)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Set<T> | t1 | |
| Set<T> | t2 |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Set<T> |
Explicit Interface Implementations
| Improve this Doc View SourceICollection<T>.Add(T)
Adds a new item to the set. If the set already contains an item equal to
item
, that item is replaced with item
.
Declaration
void ICollection<T>.Add(T item)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| T | item | The item to add to the set. |
Remarks
Equality between items is determined by the comparison instance or delegate used to create the set.
Adding an item takes approximately constant time, regardless of the number of items in the set.
ICloneable.Clone()
Makes a shallow clone of this set; i.e., if items of the set are reference types, then they are not cloned. If T is a value type, then each element is copied as if by simple assignment.
Declaration
object ICloneable.Clone()
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| System.Object | The cloned set. |
Remarks
Cloning the set takes time O(N), where N is the number of items in the set.


{% load pinax_documents_tags %}
| Name | Size | Modified At | Modified By | Actions | {% for member in members %}
|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{ member.name }} | {{ member.size|readable_bytes }} | {{ member.modified|date:"N j, Y" }} | {% user_display member.modified_by %} {% if member.shared_ui %}shared{% endif %} | {% if member.icon == "file" %} download {% else %} upload to this folder {% if member|can_share:user %} share{% endif %} {% endif %} delete |


| DOSE: |
25 seeds |
oral |
Datura |
(fresh) |
Well, where do i begin. me and two friends found a datura plant just growing in some garden. we've heard that if you eat it you trip, it sounded cool, and were stupid 16 year old, so why not. we didn't know how much to take so we decided to cut the fruit to 4 pieces and each eat a quarter. as i said, we didn't know what it was and how much to take and in retrospect, it was way too much. from what i've heard you're only supposed to take a few seeds, 10 tops. we each took like 20 or 30. we didn't even know how to take it and we just swallowed the seeds (since I've read you're supposed to put it in hot water and boil it).
anyway, so we eat the seeds and just hung and walked around. it took it like 30 minutes to start and i really can't say that i remember much. all i know is that it was pretty cool for the first few hours, we were tripping like hell but i also did a lot of acid at that time so i was used to that. then after the first few hours we all started throwing up and both me and the two girls said that our eyes went blank. i couldn't see anything, everything was just white and i wasn't even tripping, not visually anyway. i felt wierd as hell, like nothing before. as i said, i can't remember much but the thing lasted 4 (!) days. i don't know where i was or what i did. i remember throwing up a lot and sweating like a hourse. i was definitely not o.k. i kept fainting and falling asleep on and off. it's like i was in a totally different state of existence, unlike acid or any other thing. much stronger even than DXM. unlike anything i've done before or since.
i can't say it was pleasent. and i can definitely say i will never do it again. BUT, maybe if i knew how to take it it wouldn't have been that bad. i had flashbacks of those 4 horrible days for like 2 months, both seeing and hearing things of stuff i experienced while i was on it. the feeling of throwing up and sickness that i felt while on the stuff was the worst feeling ever. buttom line, don't do it. (but if you're gonna do it anyway, take just a small amount - like 5 to 10 single seeds)
Experience Reports are the writings and opinions of the individual authors who submit them.
Some of the activities described are dangerous and/or illegal and none are recommended by Erowid.


{% extends "base.template.html" %} {% set title = "Conditions" %} {% set description = "Custom rules for deciding who needs to review which PRs" %} {% block content %}
Conditions are how you decide when a group should be asked to look at a PR. Often times, people will set this up based on specific filetypes or languages. The same data and syntax also powers the pullapprove_conditions and notification filters.
Under the hood, conditions are evaluated as Python. There is a specific set of functions that you can use and variables you have access to. This allows you to write flexible, powerful "if" statements while still being readable. Note that in Python, some operators are written as more readable words, such as "in", "not in", "and", and, "or".
For variables that are simply strings, you'll need to use specific functions to compare with regular expressions or fnmatch syntax.
{% code "yaml" %} conditions: - "'WIP' in title" # checks for 'WIP' anywhere in the string - "contains_fnmatch(title, 'WIP*')" - "contains_regex(title, 'WIP: .*')" - "'feature' in head.ref" - "contains_fnmatch(head.ref, 'feature*')" {% endcode %}Often times reviewers are decided by the changes made in a PR. You can use
include
and exclude
to build more complex rules for
who needs to review what changes.
If you want to "OR" many conditions, it can be easier on the eyes to break it into multiple lines using the YAML multiline syntax.
{% code "yaml" %} conditions: - > '*.md' in files or '*.py' in files or 'test_*' in files {% endcode %}The following variables are directly available when writing conditions and templates. For variables that are custom objects, see their properties further down the page.
{% if support_url %}Don't see what you need? Let us know.
{% endif %} {% include "config/_generated_context.html" %} {% endblock %}


2 references to InternalAdapterSet
System.Management.Automation (2)
engine\MshObject.cs (2)
696
internal Adapter InternalAdapter =>
InternalAdapterSet
.OriginalAdapter;
709
internal Adapter InternalBaseDotNetAdapter =>
InternalAdapterSet
.DotNetAdapter;


For fiscal year 18, the university spent $18.6 million on student wages, according to the university’s 2021-22 budget book. The university budgeted $16.7 million for student wages for fiscal year 21. However, it forecasts only spending $7.8 million, less than half of the amount budgeted. Graduate student wages have remained consistent, with an approximate $22 million cost per year.
“There has been a historical trend at the university to budget for all active and open positions that resulted in year end vacancy savings,” the budget book notes.
Jim Sabin, a university spokesperson, said some units on campus have had difficulty recruiting enough students to fill vacant positions, despite increased incentives, which likely contributed to this year’s discrepancy.
The university offers a variety of jobs in sectors ranging from culinary and café jobs to library and office work for students to choose from. The biggest employer of students on campus is culinary services, which handles food preparation at university dining halls, management of campus markets and cafés and university catering services.
According to OU’s website, students employed by culinary services may work anywhere from four to 25 hours per week during the semester based on need and academic schedules. Makenna Burton, a sophomore studying studio art and graphic design, said the flexible scheduling and hours are one of the reasons she chose to work at the campus cafés.
“Student jobs are more focused on school,” Burton said. “So if you have classes and stuff, it's all about working around your classes. They don't get mad if you have to be like, ‘Hey, I'm going to class.’”
Burton works around 15 hours at the cafés each week and said she has enjoyed her time meeting people and learning skills like latte art. Additionally, she said she feels adequately compensated for her work.
Level 1 student positions within culinary services start at $10 per hour, unless otherwise noted, with the possibility for annual raises, according to culinary services’ website. Level 2 positions, including catering, dish room workers, servers and bartenders begin at $11 per hour.
The state of Ohio recently passed an increase in the minimum wage from $8.80 to $9.30 per hour, which is $2.05 higher than the federal minimum wage. Many OU student employees are paid at least $10 per hour starting wage.
Despite the pay rates, culinary services is also one of the campus units that has had particular difficulty hiring students in 2021. Staffing shortages resulted in the department utilizing paper plates and plastic silverware early in the academic year, as well as increasing hiring efforts via job fairs and mass hiring events, according to a previous Post report.
The university libraries employ up to 200 students each year in positions such as processing and digitizing collections, cataloging, ordering, technology service, office work and more. In addition to the option of hourly wage work, students may also work as part of a federal work-study program or the Program to Aid Career Exploration, or PACE, an internship-like work program through OU.


You can access 'Control Panel' by clicking on 'Configure this page' button:
Our new 'Control Panel' puts all your configuration options in one place:
This section allows you to set some overall options for the pages, such as image widths. It only appears on pages that have one or more configurable images.
Each image has its own configuration section - for example on 'Region in detail' you will see two tabs, 'Main panel' and 'Top panel'. In each section, you can turn on tracks, and even customise the way each track is displayed:
Please note that we have temporarily disabled the option to save configurations to your account, as the old configurations are not compatible with the updated code. This functionality will be reinstated very soon - in the meantime, please accept our apologies for any inconvenience caused.
You can add your own tracks to Ensembl, either by uploading your own data files to our server, or by attaching data via URL (UCSC-style) or DAS.
Note that you do not need to be logged into your Ensembl account in order to attach DAS sources or upload data. However you can save the information in your Ensembl account if you so wish, and access it from any computer.
From this page you can manage all aspects of your Ensembl account, from changing your password to adding, sharing or deleting bookmarks.
In 'Display options', you can set 'Width of image' to 'best fit' and the width of the images will be adjusted to fit the size of your browser window:


| Package | flare.vis.data |
| Class | public class DataSprite |
| Inheritance | DataSprite DirtySprite flash.display.Sprite |
| Subclasses | EdgeSprite, NodeSprite |
angle
and
radius
), and others.
The actual appearance of DataSprite instances are determined using pluggable renderers that draw graphical content for the sprite. These renderers can be changed at runtime to dynamically control appearances. Furthermore, since these are sprites, they can contain arbitrary display objects as children on the display list, including entire nested visualizations.
DataSprites provides two additional properties worth noting. First,
the data
property references an object containing backing
data to be visualized. This data object is typically the data record
(or tuple) this DataSprite visually represents, and its values are often
used to determined visual encodings. Second, the props
objects is a dynamic object provided for attaching arbitrary properties
to a DataSprite instance. For example, some layout algorithms require
additional parameters on a per-item basis and store these values in the
props
property.
| Property | Defined by | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| angle : Number The angle value of this sprite's position in polar co-ordinates.
| DirtySprite | ||
| data : Object Object storing backing data values.
| DataSprite | ||
| fillAlpha : Number The alpha channel (a value between 0 and 1) for the fill color.
| DataSprite | ||
| fillColor : uint The fill color for this data sprite.
| DataSprite | ||
| fillHue : Number The hue component of the fill color in HSV color space.
| DataSprite | ||
| fillSaturation : Number The saturation component of the fill color in HSV color space.
| DataSprite | ||
| fillValue : Number The value (brightness) component of the fill color in HSV color space.
| DataSprite | ||
| fixed : Boolean [read-only] Fixed flag to prevent this sprite from being re-positioned.
| DataSprite | ||
| h : Number Auxiliary property often used as a height parameter.
| DataSprite | ||
| height : Number
If dirty, this sprite is re-rendered before returning the height.
| DirtySprite | ||
| lineAlpha : Number The alpha channel (a value between 0 and 1) for the line color.
| DataSprite | ||
| lineColor : uint The line color for this data sprite.
| DataSprite | ||
| lineHue : Number The hue component of the line color in HSV color space.
| DataSprite | ||
| lineSaturation : Number The saturation component of the line color in HSV color space.
| DataSprite | ||
| lineValue : Number The value (brightness) component of the line color in HSV color space.
| DataSprite | ||
| lineWidth : Number The line width for this data sprite.
| DataSprite | ||
| origin : Point The origin point for polar coordinates.
| DirtySprite | ||
| points : Array Optional array of x,y values for specifying arbitrary shapes.
| DataSprite | ||
| props : Object Object for attaching additional properties to this sprite.
| DataSprite | ||
| radius : Number The radius value of this sprite's position in polar co-ordinates.
| DirtySprite | ||
| renderer : IRenderer
The renderer for drawing this DataSprite.
| DataSprite | ||
| shape : String Name of the shape value of this data sprite.
| DataSprite | ||
| size : Number The size value of this data sprite (1 by default).
| DataSprite | ||
| u : Number Auxiliary property often used as a shape parameter.
| DataSprite | ||
| v : Number Auxiliary property often used as a shape parameter.
| DataSprite | ||
| w : Number Auxiliary property often used as a width parameter.
| DataSprite | ||
| width : Number
If dirty, this sprite is re-rendered before returning the width.
| DirtySprite | ||
| x : Number | DirtySprite | ||
| y : Number | DirtySprite |
| Property | Defined by | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| _angle : Number The angle value of this sprite's position in polar co-ordinates.
| DirtySprite | ||
| _data : Object Object storing backing data values.
| DataSprite | ||
| _fillColor : uint = 0xffcccccc The fill color for this data sprite.
| DataSprite | ||
| _fixed : int = 0 Fixed flag to prevent this sprite from being re-positioned.
| DataSprite | ||
| _h : Number = 0 Auxiliary property often used as a height parameter.
| DataSprite | ||
| _lineColor : uint = 0xff000000 The line color for this data sprite.
| DataSprite | ||
| _lineWidth : Number = 0 The line width for this data sprite.
| DataSprite | ||
| _origin : Point The origin point for polar coordinates.
| DirtySprite | ||
| _points : Array Optional array of x,y values for specifying arbitrary shapes.
| DataSprite | ||
| _prop : Object Object for attaching additional properties to this sprite.
| DataSprite | ||
| _radius : Number The radius value of this sprite's position in polar co-ordinates.
| DirtySprite | ||
| _renderer : IRenderer
The renderer for drawing this DataSprite.
| DataSprite | ||
| _shape : String = "circle" Code indicating the shape value of this data sprite.
| DataSprite | ||
| _size : Number = 1 The size value of this data sprite (1 by default).
| DataSprite | ||
| _u : Number = 0 Auxiliary property often used as a shape parameter.
| DataSprite | ||
| _v : Number = 0 Auxiliary property often used as a shape parameter.
| DataSprite | ||
| _w : Number = 0 Auxiliary property often used as a width parameter.
| DataSprite |
| Method | Defined by | ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Creates a new DataSprite.
| DataSprite | ||
|
dirty():void
Marks this sprite as "dirty" and in need of re-rendering.
| DirtySprite | ||
|
fix(num:uint = 1):void
Increments the fixed counter.
| DataSprite | ||
|
getBounds(targetCoordinateSpace:DisplayObject):Rectangle
If dirty, this sprite is re-rendered returning the bounds.
| DirtySprite | ||
|
getRect(targetCoordinateSpace:DisplayObject):Rectangle
If dirty, this sprite is re-rendered before returning the rect.
| DirtySprite | ||
|
hitTestObject(obj:DisplayObject):Boolean
If dirty, either sprite is re-rendered before hit-testing.
| DirtySprite | ||
|
hitTestPoint(x:Number, y:Number, shapeFlag:Boolean = false):Boolean
If dirty, this sprite is re-rendered before hit-testing.
| DirtySprite | ||
|
render():void
Draw this sprite's graphical content.
| DataSprite | ||
|
renderDirty(evt:Event = null):void
[static]
Frame render callback that renders all sprites on the dirty list.
| DirtySprite | ||
|
toString():String
| DirtySprite | ||
|
unfix(num:uint = 1):void
Decrements the fixed counter.
| DataSprite |
| _data | property |
protected var _data:Object
Object storing backing data values.
| data | property |
data:Object
[read-write]Object storing backing data values.
Implementation public function get data():Object
public function set data(value:Object):void
| fillAlpha | property |
fillAlpha:Number
[read-write]The alpha channel (a value between 0 and 1) for the fill color.
Implementation public function get fillAlpha():Number
public function set fillAlpha(value:Number):void
| _fillColor | property |
protected var _fillColor:uint = 0xffcccccc
The fill color for this data sprite. This value is specified as an unsigned integer representing an ARGB color. Notice that this includes the alpha channel in the color value.
| fillColor | property |
fillColor:uint
[read-write]The fill color for this data sprite. This value is specified as an unsigned integer representing an ARGB color. Notice that this includes the alpha channel in the color value.
Implementation public function get fillColor():uint
public function set fillColor(value:uint):void
| fillHue | property |
fillHue:Number
[read-write]The hue component of the fill color in HSV color space.
Implementation public function get fillHue():Number
public function set fillHue(value:Number):void
| fillSaturation | property |
fillSaturation:Number
[read-write]The saturation component of the fill color in HSV color space.
Implementation public function get fillSaturation():Number
public function set fillSaturation(value:Number):void
| fillValue | property |
fillValue:Number
[read-write]The value (brightness) component of the fill color in HSV color space.
Implementation public function get fillValue():Number
public function set fillValue(value:Number):void
| _fixed | property |
protected var _fixed:int = 0
Fixed flag to prevent this sprite from being re-positioned.
| fixed | property |
fixed:Boolean
[read-only]Fixed flag to prevent this sprite from being re-positioned.
Implementation public function get fixed():Boolean
| _h | property |
protected var _h:Number = 0
Auxiliary property often used as a height parameter.
| h | property |
h:Number
[read-write]Auxiliary property often used as a height parameter.
Implementation public function get h():Number
public function set h(value:Number):void
| lineAlpha | property |
lineAlpha:Number
[read-write]The alpha channel (a value between 0 and 1) for the line color.
Implementation public function get lineAlpha():Number
public function set lineAlpha(value:Number):void
| _lineColor | property |
protected var _lineColor:uint = 0xff000000
The line color for this data sprite. This value is specified as an unsigned integer representing an ARGB color. Notice that this includes the alpha channel in the color value.
| lineColor | property |
lineColor:uint
[read-write]The line color for this data sprite. This value is specified as an unsigned integer representing an ARGB color. Notice that this includes the alpha channel in the color value.
Implementation public function get lineColor():uint
public function set lineColor(value:uint):void
| lineHue | property |
lineHue:Number
[read-write]The hue component of the line color in HSV color space.
Implementation public function get lineHue():Number
public function set lineHue(value:Number):void
| lineSaturation | property |
lineSaturation:Number
[read-write]The saturation component of the line color in HSV color space.
Implementation public function get lineSaturation():Number
public function set lineSaturation(value:Number):void
| lineValue | property |
lineValue:Number
[read-write]The value (brightness) component of the line color in HSV color space.
Implementation public function get lineValue():Number
public function set lineValue(value:Number):void
| _lineWidth | property |
protected var _lineWidth:Number = 0
The line width for this data sprite.
| lineWidth | property |
lineWidth:Number
[read-write]The line width for this data sprite.
Implementation public function get lineWidth():Number
public function set lineWidth(value:Number):void
| _points | property |
protected var _points:Array
Optional array of x,y values for specifying arbitrary shapes.
| points | property |
points:Array
[read-write]Optional array of x,y values for specifying arbitrary shapes.
Implementation public function get points():Array
public function set points(value:Array):void
| _prop | property |
protected var _prop:Object
Object for attaching additional properties to this sprite.
| props | property |
props:Object
[read-write]Object for attaching additional properties to this sprite.
Implementation public function get props():Object
public function set props(value:Object):void
| _renderer | property |
protected var _renderer:IRenderer
The renderer for drawing this DataSprite.
| renderer | property |
renderer:IRenderer
[read-write]The renderer for drawing this DataSprite.
Implementation public function get renderer():IRenderer
public function set renderer(value:IRenderer):void
| _shape | property |
protected var _shape:String = "circle"
Code indicating the shape value of this data sprite.
| shape | property |
shape:String
[read-write]Name of the shape value of this data sprite.
Implementation public function get shape():String
public function set shape(value:String):void
See also
| _size | property |
protected var _size:Number = 1
The size value of this data sprite (1 by default).
| size | property |
size:Number
[read-write]The size value of this data sprite (1 by default).
Implementation public function get size():Number
public function set size(value:Number):void
| _u | property |
protected var _u:Number = 0
Auxiliary property often used as a shape parameter.
| u | property |
u:Number
[read-write]Auxiliary property often used as a shape parameter.
Implementation public function get u():Number
public function set u(value:Number):void
| _v | property |
protected var _v:Number = 0
Auxiliary property often used as a shape parameter.
| v | property |
v:Number
[read-write]Auxiliary property often used as a shape parameter.
Implementation public function get v():Number
public function set v(value:Number):void
| _w | property |
protected var _w:Number = 0
Auxiliary property often used as a width parameter.
| w | property |
w:Number
[read-write]Auxiliary property often used as a width parameter.
Implementation public function get w():Number
public function set w(value:Number):void
| DataSprite | () | constructor |
public function DataSprite()
Creates a new DataSprite.
| fix | () | method |
public function fix(num:uint = 1):void
Increments the fixed counter. If the fixed counter is greater than zero, the data sprite should be fixed. A counter is used so that if different components both adjust the fixed settings, they won't overwrite each other.
Parametersnum:uint (default = 1 ) — the amount to increment the counter by (default 1)
|
| render | () | method |
public override function render():void
Draw this sprite's graphical content. Subclasses should override this method with custom drawing code.
| unfix | () | method |
public function unfix(num:uint = 1):void
Decrements the fixed counter. If the fixed counter is greater than zero, the data sprite should be fixed. A counter is used so that if different components both adjust the fixed settings, they won't overwrite each other. This method does not allow the fixed counter to go below zero.
Parametersnum:uint (default = 1 ) — the amount to decrement the counter by (default 1)
|


Version control is an important concept in software development. Collaboration of many contributors to one project requires great coordination. Sometimes, experimental changes to the project may be needed, and if two or more people made conflicting changes, it is very time consuming to resolve the issue, especially if the collaborators are working over long distances or if direct communication is impractical. Version control is a piece of software that aids with resolving those issues and helps increasing the speed and efficiency of development by keeping track of file changes and archiving older versions of a project.
Git is a free and open source version control software (among others like SVN, Mecurial, Monotone and many more…) aimed to expedite IT projects of both simple and complex architecture[1]. GitHub is an online repository (project) hosting website designed to work with Git. As of 2016, Git and GitHub are two of the most popular tools among professionals working with software development[2].
In the next 9 steps, we will learn how to install Git, set up a GitHub account and start using them for our projects. You should be familiar with navigating between different folders using your operating system command shell. Tutorial on how to use the command line can be found here:
$ git config --global user.name "your-github-username"
$ git config --global email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>$ git clone paste the copied https link here
Or
Username for 'https://github.com': yourusername
Password for<EMAIL_ADDRESS>yourpassword
remote: Enumerating objects: 3, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (3/3), done.
remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done.
$ git init
$ git add .
# Add all the files and folders in the current folder.
# Alternatively, you can use git add filename for individual
# files.
$ git commit -m “Initial commit”
$ git remote add origin paste the https link in step 3 here
# Sets the new remote
$ git remote -v
# Verifies the new remote URL
$ git push origin main
For software development projects, there are many text editors that support Git version control. The most popular ones are Visual Studio Code, Atom, and Sublime Text. If you are working with a modern integrated development environment (IDE), it will most probably also have Git support. Consult the relevant software documentation for more information on version control support. After installing and configuring your editor, you should be able to start writing your code and building your project. Next comes the exciting part!
To start contributing to the project we are hosting on GitHub, the add, commit, and push commands are our powerful allies. After you have finished with your edits on the local file, it is time to upload it onto the project GitHub repository.
$ git add .
$ git commit -m “description of your changes”
$ git push
For individual files, you can use this command instead:
$ git add filename
Conflict happens when multiple people are working on one file and their local changes does not match that of the online repository. In this case, attempts to push your changes to the repository will result in an error message:
To https://github.com/yourusername/repo.git
! [rejected] main -> main (fetch first)
error: failed to push some refs to 'https://github.com/ yourusername/repo.git'
hint: Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you do
hint: not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushing
hint: to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changes
hint: (e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.
hint: See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.
Use the pull command to download the conflicting changes from the repository.
$ git pull
Username for 'https://github.com': yourusername
Password for<EMAIL_ADDRESS>remote: Enumerating objects: 5, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (5/5), done.
remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done.
From https://github.com/yourusername/repo
7b32407..050181c main -> origin/main
Auto-merging README.md
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in README.md
Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.
When working on a new feature of a project, it is a good idea to modify a copy of the project itself before “merging” the copy into the main project files. This is called “branching” and is an essential process of software development.
Navigate to our git-ready project folder using the command line and type the following command:
$ git branch
* main # The currently active branch
branch1
branch2
The branch command can also create new branches:
$ git branch new-branch # This command has no output
To switch between branches, we “check them out”:
$ git checkout new-branch
Switched to branch 'new-branch'
When we are done with implementing new files into our branch, it is time “push” it to GitHub. If the branch already exists on GitHub and we are just adding to it, simply follow Step 6. On the other hand, if it only exists on our local machine and not on GitHub, we will have to use these commands instead:
$ git add .
$ git commit -m “add a new branch”
$ git push origin new-branch
This will create a new branch in the online GitHub repository and pushes the content of our new branch into it. After development of a new feature is complete, we can go to our GitHub repository with a web browser to create a pull request to merge the new feature into the main branch. More information on branching and merging can be found in the GitHub’s Hello World tutorial or here
This tutorial is intended as a crash course to get you started with using Git and GitHub. More advanced tutorials such as these on freeCodeCamp can also help us delve deeper into software development workflow using version control. Git is a very powerful and versatile tool, so to utilize all of its feature, please refer to the Git and GitHub documentation for more comprehensive information. In the IT world, it is unavoidable that we will have to read a lot of documentation as new technologies emerge and replace the obsolete. This is one of the most important skills for an IT professional.
If you have any feedback or improvement on this tutorial, feel free to leave a comment or contact me via email.
Godspeed and good luck on your journey!


Wells Fargo, Charlotte, NC (UI Developer)
Nov 2013 - Present
The CORE (Common Opportunities, Results, and Experiences) is a dynamic web-based system that allows Wells Fargo Home Lending team members to process a loan from origination to funding.
Amadeus, Charlotte NC(Sr. Web/UI Developer)
Feb 2013 – Oct 2013
WellPoint is one of the nation’s largest health benefits companies, with nearly 33 million members in its affiliated health plans and approximately 64 million individuals served through its subsidiaries. Involved with an internal web application for sales to help our associates to maintain customer information and offer different packages depending on the plan that they are using.
FedEx - MEMPHIS, TN(Sr. Web/UI Developer)
Nov2011- Dec2012
FedEx provides customers and businesses worldwide with a broad portfolio of transportation, e-commerce and business services. They offer integrated business applications through operating companies competing collectively and managed collaboratively, under the respected FedEx brand. Consistently ranked among the world's most admired and trusted employers. Involved in multiple projects both internal as well as consumer facing applications.
Chen Technologies, Hallandale, FL(UI Developer)
Jan 2011-Oct2011
Providing support to design and supply medical software for the firm.
This project included developing and troubleshooting several sections of the company’s website. The main responsibilities were to develop the UI screens that allow the business to onboard and maintain their business. Project also involved designing medical software’s.
WellPoint Inc, Calabasas, CA(Front End UI Developer)
Dec 2009 – Oct 2010
WellPoint is one of the nation’s largest health benefits companies, with nearly 33 million members in its affiliated health plans and approximately 64 million individuals served through its subsidiaries. Involved with an internal web application for sales to help our associates to maintain customer information and offer different packages depending on the plan that they are using.
Follow Me:
Mobile: 123456789
Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Living: NJ, USA


resource odbc_procedurecolumns ( resource $connection_id )
Retrieve information about parameters to procedures.
Returns the list of input and output parameters, as well as the columns that make up the result set for the specified procedures. Returns an ODBC result identifier or FALSE on failure. The result set has the following columns: PROCEDURE_QUALIFIER PROCEDURE_OWNER PROCEDURE_NAME COLUMN_NAME COLUMN_TYPE DATA_TYPE TYPE_NAME PRECISION LENGTH SCALE RADIX NULLABLE REMARKS The result set is ordered by PROCEDURE_QUALIFIER, PROCEDURE_OWNER, PROCEDURE_NAME and COLUMN_TYPE.


The interval of the pseudo key repeat in frames.
The wait time of the pseudo key repeat in frames.
[read-only] The horizontal scroll amount.
[read-only] The vertical scroll amount.
[read-only] The x coordinate on the canvas area of the latest touch event.
[read-only] The y coordinate on the canvas area of the latest touch event.
Clears all the touch data.
Initializes the touch system.
Checks whether the right mouse button is just pressed.
True if the right mouse button is just pressed
Checks whether the left mouse button or touchscreen is kept depressed.
True if the left mouse button or touchscreen is long-pressed
Checks whether the mouse or a finger on the touchscreen is moved.
True if the mouse or a finger on the touchscreen is moved
Checks whether the mouse button or touchscreen is currently pressed down.
True if the mouse button or touchscreen is pressed
Checks whether the left mouse button or touchscreen is released.
True if the mouse button or touchscreen is released
Checks whether the left mouse button or touchscreen is just pressed or a pseudo key repeat occurred.
True if the mouse button or touchscreen is repeated
Checks whether the left mouse button or touchscreen is just pressed.
True if the mouse button or touchscreen is triggered
Updates the touch data.
Generated using TypeDoc
[read-only] The time of the last input in milliseconds.
date


Preparation time
30 mins to 1 hour
Cooking time
over 2 hours
Serves
Makes 4 individual tarts
Dietary
Grenadine adds sweetness and a lovely pink colour to the rhubarb, but if you want to avoid alcohol you can use pomegranate juice instead.
Equipment and preparation: for this recipe you will need four 10cm/4in tart rings.
For the sweet pastry, preheat the oven to 170C/340F/Gas 3.
In a bowl or a food processor, rub the butter and flour together. Add the sugar and egg and mix until the dough comes together.
Wrap the dough in cling film and use your hands to compress into a flat circle shape, this will make it easier to roll out later. Chill the dough for an hour.
Remove the cling film and roll out the pastry to 5mm/¼in thick. Line the four tart cases with pastry, leaving some over-hanging the edge. You can trim the edges after baking.
Scrunch up some baking parchment then use it to line the pastry cases. Fill with baking beans or uncooked rice. Bake for 15-20 minutes, or until the pastry is golden-brown.
For the custard, place the cream, vanilla seeds and pod in a large saucepan and bring to the boil.
Place the sugar and eggs in a large bowl and whisk. Gradually pour the warm cream over the eggs, whisking all the time.
Pour the custard back into the pan and cook until thick enough to coat the back of a spoon, then pass it through a sieve.
Half fill the tart cases with custard. Leave to set in the fridge for at least two hours.
For the baked rhubarb, preheat the oven to 200C/400F/Gas 6.
Place the rhubarb, grenadine, sugar and orange juice in a baking dish. Place in the oven for five minutes or until the rhubarb is tender. Set aside to cool.
Once cooled, cut the rhubarb in 1cm/½in neat pieces and drain on kitchen paper. Reserve any cooking juices.
Once the custard has set, arrange the rhubarb pieces on top, until the pastry case is full.
To make a glaze, heat the marmalade with the rhubarb cooking juices until the volume of liquid has reduced to a thick syrup. Leave to cool slightly and then brush over the rhubarb in the tart. Leave to set out of the fridge.
Serve the finished tarts with a spoonful of clotted cream and a drizzle of the glaze.


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Continue on to find out how…
title
React.Fragment
Write attributes in camelCase 🐪
tabindex
👉 tabIndex
contenteditable
👉 contentEditable
maxlength
👉 maxLength
(aria-*
and data-*
are exempt from this.)
When HTML conflicts with JS 😕
for
👉 htmlFor
class
👉 className
/

👉
<meta charset="utf-8">
👉 <meta charset="utf-8" />
<input type="text">
👉 <input type="text" />
title
📰When someone using a screen reader loads a new page, the initial page announcement is always the same.
title
! 👍document.title
componentDidMount() {
document.title = 'My page title';
}
<DocumentTitle title='My page title'>

</DocumentTitle>
<Helmet>
<meta charSet='utf-8' />
<title>My page title</title>
<link rel='stylesheet' href='css/page-specific.css' />
</Helmet>
When a Single Page App fetches data, the new content is visibly displayed.
However, screen reader users recieve no indication of the available content.
Announcements
component 👍
import React from 'react';
class Announcements extends React.Component {
render() {
return (

{this.props.message}

);
}
}
export default Announcements;
Create a state
property
this.state = {
message: null
};
Set the state
property
this.setState({
message: 'Some message about the current state'
});
Send message to <Announcements />
component
<Announcements message={this.state.message} />
<LiveAnnouncer>
<LiveMessage message={this.state.a11yMessage} aria-live="polite" />
<button onClick={() => {this.setState({ a11yMessage: 'Button Pressed' });}}>
Press me
</button>
</LiveAnnouncer>
A loading screen in our app displays a message in-between fetching new data. Sighted users can read the message a wait patiently… probably.
However, screen reader users do not recieve this message conveying the current app state. They might get discouraged or blame themselves when something takes a long time to load.
Let's shift focus to the Loading message container when it gets displayed.
Kind of like jQuery. 🤷♂
var loadingMessage = $('#loadingMessage');
// …
loadingMessage.focus();
Use a function ref
to reference the element elsewhere in the component.

 {
this.loadingMessage = loadingMessage;
}
}
tabIndex='-1'
>
Loading…

ref
…
componentDidMount() {
this.loadingMessage.focus();
}
When using React Router's <Link />
component, the browser never actually reloads, leaving the user's focus state in an unknown position.
ref

 {
this.contentContainer = contentContainer;
}
}
tabIndex="-1"
aria-labelledby="pageHeading"
>

…

// Content components…

ref
componentDidMount() {
this.contentContainer.focus();
}
ref
syntaxReact 16.3 will be introducing a new, simpler way to create ref
s.
Now, if after learning about how to create a ref
using the function syntax is a little confusing (and it is for me, too) there's actually a brand new way to create a ref
which is coming in React 16.3.
Let's take a look at an example of this new syntax…
👇createRef()
method
// 1. Create a new class property
loading = React.createRef();
// 2. Assign the class property to
// the element via ref prop

Loading…

// 3. Call the focus method within componentDidMount
this.loading.value.focus();
Coming back to the Loading component example, the snippets of code on the screen here gives a general outline of the new ref
syntax.
loading
equals React.createRef
. This creates a new class property called loading
and creates a new ref
object for use later in the component.ref
object created, the next step is to assign the ref
to an element using the ref
prop. On the screen is a div
element with its ref
prop being assigned, this.loading
. At this point, the loading
class property we created in the first step now references the div
in our render
method.loading
class property. With this example of sending focus to the div
when the component loads, we can add a single line of code within the Loading component's componentDidMount
method. The line reads, this.loading.value.focus
. And with this, focus would be send to the div
when the component loads onto the screen.
So, you may have noticed the value
node of that last line. This represents the actual element which has been assigned to the ref
object. In this example, it represents the div
element.
With this in mind you might imagine what we'd need to write in order to get the current value of an input
element. It would look something like this.refName.value.value
. So that may look a little odd when it's written out, but that's how its done.
Fragment
components 🍰Let's talk about a new feature available now as of React 16.2, Fragment components.
What are fragments and why should we use them? How do they help with accessibility of our apps?
Let's answer these questions…
👇Fragment
s?Fragments let you group a list of elements/child components without adding extra nodes to the DOM.
So, what are Fragments?
Fragments let you group a list of elements or child components together without adding extra nodes to the DOM.
Since React component templates must be wrapped with an element in order to be returned within the render
method, often times developers will just wrap with a div
. This works, but if you're not careful, this might also lead to invalid HTML.
With Fragments, we can now wrap templates with a "fragment element." When the component is rendered, the Fragment element itself is not sent to the DOM, rendering only the HTML required to properly output your content.
👇div
…
render() {
return (

Hello
World

);
}
For example…
render
method with a return
statement.div
element which is wrapping some table cell, td
elements with the word "hello" in one and "world" in the other.I think it's safe to say this compoent is meant to be a child of some other data table component.
Wrapping template code with a div
like this is very common. But if you were to wrap table content with a div
element here…

Hello
World

…it would result in invalid HTML being generated and sent to the browser: div
s are not valid child elements of table rows.
So, how do we meet React's requirement of wrapping content with a single element without generating invalid HTML?
[Any guesses from the audience]
👇React.Fragment
render() {
return (
<React.Fragment>
Hello
World
</React.Fragment>
);
}
You guessed it, with a Fragment!
Now the code snippet on the screen features a Fragment
element which is wrapping the td
element table cells.
With this we can check out how the generated markup is looking…
👇

Hello
World

And here's the result…
That looks much better! Semantic, valid HTML with no extra wrapper elements. Nice!
👇React has an accessibility linter which is pre-packaged with each app.
As a general note, a code linter is a handy tool which helps to ensure clean code, or code standards as determined by the team or individual. In other words, they let you know when something's not quite right.
Let's look at a few ways we can use the linter to help ensure a more accessible React app.
👇eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y
Outputs errors to the browser console automatically.

The linter in question is called "eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y" and it comes with each app created with the "create-react-app" utility.
By default, without any setup or configuration on your part, the linter outputs errors found to the browser devtools console.
For example…
img
element with a valid src
attribute, but it's missing its alt
attribute. [Does anyone know what happens when a screen reader interacts with an image with no alt
attribute?]img
elements must have an alt
prop, either with meaningful text, or an empty string for decorative images"Let's output errors directly in the editor, too.
Outputting errors to the console like that is pretty helpful, but I think this would be even better if these errors were displayed in my editor while I'm writing code.
On the screen here is a screenshot of my Atom editor outputting an accessibility error with my code. It's the same error as in the console in the previous slide.
So, let's see how we can set this up.
👇First install the ESLint plugin for your editor. This is usually done within the editor as part of the editor package manager.
I've got links to some of the more popular editors these days. The names of the plugins include:
eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y
npm install eslint eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y --save-dev
Next, install ESLint and the eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y
packages from npm
.
You would asccomplish this by opening your terminal application, changing to your app directory, and typing:
npm install eslint eslint dash plugin dash jsx dash a11y dash dash save dash dev
This command will install these utilities only for your current project, as each project you work on could have a different configuration.
👇.eslintrc
fileAdd to the "plugins" section:
"plugins": [
"jsx-a11y"
]
Add to the "extends" section:
"extends": [
"plugin:jsx-a11y/recommended"
]
The last thing to do is update, or create if it doesn't exist, your project's eslint.rc
file.
In the plugins section of this file, you'd add "jsx dash a11y." This loads the accessibility plugin for use with your editor's ESLint plugin.
In the extends section, you'd add "plugin colon jsx dash a11y forward-slash recommended." This loads the default, recommended rules for the plugin to test your code against.
So, after this is all done, you'd just restart your editor and you should see some errors come up when you've got some accessibility issues in your code!
👉The last thing I want to discuss is writing HTML in React.
In the past I've been asked the very broad, open ended question, "How accessible is React?"
This was coming from the knowledge that other frameworks or libraries had great difficulty when it came to accessibility as a result of the framework team providing third-party user interfaces and components.
In other words, if something wasn't accessible, there's not a great chance of it actually getting fixed as it relied on a third-party team.
👇On this slide is a relavent quote from Heydon Pickering. It reads…
React code doesn't have to be inaccessible any more than hip-hop has to be misogynist.
I believe this to be true and is actually a nice seguey into my next point…
👇Since React uses ES6 classes and standard HTML markup to generate its components, it’s up to you to continue to write good, clean, semantic HTML.
What I've found is that since React uses ES6 classes and standard HTML markup within its templates to create and export components, it's up to you, the developer, to continue to write valid, semantic HTML.
With the exception of using a third-party module from npm
it's really all up to you. React doesn't force you to use something that someone else made, thus lowering the risk of creating an inaccessible product.
If there are accessibility issues, it's your fault . This is a good thing! 👍
In other words; if there are any accessibility issues, it's your fault.
And this is a good thing!
It's up to you as the developer to fix these issues. You don't have to wait for a third-party developer group to maybe get around to fixing these issues someday. You can do it youself, today.
👇Check out the demo app, TV-Db 👉.
title
updatetitle
being updatedWhat we witnessed in the demo…
title
being updatedJust announced TODAY by Ryan Florence: Reach Router: An Accessible Router for React.
Thank you, everyone!
[Questions?]


This tag cloud shows the topic usage through all the thesis dissertations registered in Spain since 1977.
The analysis can be performed over a given range of years, moving the slider to select the desired time frame.
Clicking on each topic, a more detailed view about its evolution can be consulted.


Before Change
base64_new_encryption_key):
Performs a key rotation by re-writing an encrypted blob with a new
encryption key.
raise NotImplementedError(
"This is currently not available using the Cloud Client Library.")
if __name__ == "__main__":
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
After Change
destination_blob = Blob(
blob_name, bucket, encryption_key=new_encryption_key)
token = None
while True:
token, bytes_rewritten, total_bytes = destination_blob.rewrite(
source_blob, token=token)
if token is None:
break
print("Key rotation complete for Blob {}".format(blob_name))
if __name__ == "__main__":


Patrick, buddy, you are not the only one. This error has been bugging me for the last 20 minutes. Thanks for the help!!
Doug
thank you!!!
thank you!!!


|
PX4 Firmware
PX4 Autopilot Software http://px4.io
|
Driver for the onboard RGB LED controller (TCA62724FMG) connected via I2C. More...
#include <px4_config.h>
#include <px4_getopt.h>
#include <drivers/device/i2c.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <px4_workqueue.h>
#include <perf/perf_counter.h>
#include <systemlib/err.h>
#include <board_config.h>
#include <drivers/drv_led.h>
#include <lib/led/led.h>
#include "uORB/topics/parameter_update.h"
Go to the source code of this file.
Classes | |
| class | RGBLED |
Macros | |
| #define | RGBLED_ONTIME 120 |
| #define | RGBLED_OFFTIME 120 |
| #define | ADDR 0x55 |
| I2C adress of TCA62724FMG. More... | |
| #define | SUB_ADDR_START 0x01 |
| write everything (with auto-increment) More... | |
| #define | SUB_ADDR_PWM0 0x81 |
| blue (without auto-increment) More... | |
| #define | SUB_ADDR_PWM1 0x82 |
| green (without auto-increment) More... | |
| #define | SUB_ADDR_PWM2 0x83 |
| red (without auto-increment) More... | |
| #define | SUB_ADDR_SETTINGS 0x84 |
| settings (without auto-increment) More... | |
| #define | SETTING_NOT_POWERSAVE 0x01 |
| power-save mode not off More... | |
| #define | SETTING_ENABLE 0x02 |
| on More... | |
Functions | |
| void | rgbled_usage () |
| __EXPORT int | rgbled_main (int argc, char *argv[]) |
Driver for the onboard RGB LED controller (TCA62724FMG) connected via I2C.
Definition in file rgbled.cpp.
| #define ADDR 0x55 |
I2C adress of TCA62724FMG.
Definition at line 73 of file rgbled.cpp.
Referenced by rgbled_main(), and rgbled_usage().
| #define RGBLED_OFFTIME 120 |
Definition at line 71 of file rgbled.cpp.
| #define RGBLED_ONTIME 120 |
Definition at line 70 of file rgbled.cpp.
| #define SETTING_ENABLE 0x02 |
on
Definition at line 81 of file rgbled.cpp.
Referenced by RGBLED::get(), and RGBLED::send_led_enable().
| #define SETTING_NOT_POWERSAVE 0x01 |
power-save mode not off
Definition at line 80 of file rgbled.cpp.
Referenced by RGBLED::get(), and RGBLED::send_led_enable().
| #define SUB_ADDR_PWM0 0x81 |
blue (without auto-increment)
Definition at line 75 of file rgbled.cpp.
Referenced by RGBLED::send_led_rgb().
| #define SUB_ADDR_PWM1 0x82 |
green (without auto-increment)
Definition at line 76 of file rgbled.cpp.
Referenced by RGBLED::send_led_rgb().
| #define SUB_ADDR_PWM2 0x83 |
red (without auto-increment)
Definition at line 77 of file rgbled.cpp.
Referenced by RGBLED::send_led_rgb().
| #define SUB_ADDR_SETTINGS 0x84 |
settings (without auto-increment)
Definition at line 78 of file rgbled.cpp.
Referenced by RGBLED::send_led_enable().
| #define SUB_ADDR_START 0x01 |
write everything (with auto-increment)
Definition at line 74 of file rgbled.cpp.
| int rgbled_main | ( | int | argc, |
| char * | argv[] | ||
| ) |
Definition at line 427 of file rgbled.cpp.
References ADDR, OK, px4_getopt(), PX4_I2C_BUS_EXPANSION, PX4_I2C_BUS_LED, PX4_WARN, RGBLED::RGBLED(), and rgbled_usage().
| void rgbled_usage | ( | ) |
Definition at line 418 of file rgbled.cpp.
References ADDR, PX4_I2C_BUS_LED, and PX4_INFO.
Referenced by rgbled_main().


Terms useful for a RDF-friendly Web Crawler/Data Augmenter
Work in progress 2021-05-23, changes probable due to trying it and aligning with other vocabs, esp. HTTP Vocabulary in RDF 1.0 and schema.org
Terms derived from ScutterVocab, summarised, tweaked (2005 archived copy of http://rdfweb.org/topic/ScutterVocab) :
Context - the “shadow resource” of a source document
rdfs:seeAlso
to the source document - where the source document was initially discovered, usually the URI of another document but may be an event triggered by a user, e.g. by manual submissiondcterms:references
Fetch - (noun) represents a HTTP GET
(or equivalent) event of the source document of a context
GET
Reason - annotation of a Fetch, typically explaining failure
Both of these are prompted by implementation considerations. Having the state of a Context in the store seems a simple way of tracking resources and allowing their display via SPARQL selection. (It is inelegant being mutable but seems reasonable pragmatically).
The purpose of base64url is to make it easy to give a Context a dereferenceable URL. For example a Context of http://example.org
would have a base64url of "aHR0cDovL2V4YW1wbGUub3Jn"
. This would allow eg. http://hyperdata.it/aHR0cDovL2V4YW1wbGUub3Jn
to be used to display the information about that context. Putting the value in the RDF will hopefully simplify the coding (TBD).
Model - the original vocab uses a model in which “All resources created to describe the actions and contents of a scutter and its store, should be anonymous resources”. For reasons given, that rule won’t be used here.
HTTP Vocab - the HTTP Vocabulary in RDF 1.0 W3C Working Group Note 2017 has significant overlap with Fetch.


{% extends "foreign/foreign_base.html" %} {% load humanize %} {% block ogsharetxt %} "How are foreign groups influencing US politics? Dig into foreign influence disclosures for {{ results.location }} http://{{ OG_DOMAIN }}{{ request.path }}" {% endblock %} {% block fbsharetxt %} "How are foreign groups influencing US politics? Dig into foreign influence disclosures for {{ results.location }} http://{{ OG_DOMAIN }}{{ request.path }}" {% endblock %} {% block twitter %} "How are foreign groups influencing US politics? Dig into foreign influence disclosures for {{ results.location }} #foreigninfluence http://{{ OG_DOMAIN }}{{ request.path }}" {% endblock %} {% block main_content %}
Latest press releases from The Defense Security Cooperation Agency. Keep in mind, the sales mentioned in this feed are only proposed and may not happen.
{% include "foreign/arms_table.html" with results=results.proposed_sales %} {% else %}No press releases from The Defense Security Cooperation Agency found for {{ results.location }}.
{% endif %}
{{ c.client_name }}{% if c.client_type %}Client type: {{ c.client_type }} {% endif %} {% if c.description %}{{ c.description }} {% endif %} On behalf of {{ c.client_name}} {% if c.total_pay %} Payments {% if c.contacts or c.total_disbursement %} | {% endif %} {% endif %} {% if c.total_disbursement %} Disbursements {% if c.total_disbursement and c.contacts %} | {% endif %} {% endif %} {% if c.contacts %} Contacts {% endif %}
{% if c.total_15 %}
${{ c.total_15|floatformat:2|intcomma }}
The total adds all payments reported from this client reported by a registrant from the 2015 calendar year. Total of processed payments reported in 2015 {% endif %} {% if c.total_16 %} ${{ c.total_16|floatformat:2|intcomma }}The total adds all payments reported from this client reported by a registrant from 2016 calendar year. Some client's totals may be ahead of other clients because different groups report at different times. Running total of processed payments reported in 2016 {% endif %}Foreign Agents representing the client Foreign Agents representing the client in the past
{% if c.active_reg %}
{% for active in c.active_reg %}
{% if c.terminated_reg %}
{% for terminated in c.terminated_reg %} {% endfor %} {% endif %} |


Active Solutions
| Name | Type | Active Since |
|---|
Inactive Solutions
| Name | Type | InActive Since |
|---|
Sources
| Name | Type | Status |
|---|
Extractors
| Name | Extraction Target | Status |
|---|
Transformers
| Name | Extractor | Fields | Status |
|---|
Loaders
| Name | Target DSN | Status |
|---|
Tasks
| Name | Type | Status |
|---|
| Name | Type | Active Since |
|---|
| Name | Type | InActive Since |
|---|
| Name | Type | Status |
|---|
| Name | Extraction Target | Status |
|---|
| Name | Extractor | Fields | Status |
|---|
| Name | Target DSN | Status |
|---|
| Name | Type | Status |
|---|
RETS property photos and other media can also be extracted in a side-channel.
Some RETS implementations require a standard [Resource][Class][Query] which returns Media records - much like a query for listings or agents. The result set includes a field with a URL for downloading the media object.
Other RETS implementations use the GetObject call which directly downloads the media from the RETS server.
The Extract Key is the field that contains the URL for a GetURL strategy. For Media + GetURL, the Extract Key is the Key/Value to be passed to the side-channel media query as variable {ExtractKey}.
This database does not appear to have any schemas that support your transformer's output.
Before creating a new schema on your target, we need to verify the data type for each field in your data source
every week on:
Su M Tu W Th F Saevery month on the
of the monthevery days after last run:


Powered by json-server
/decks
/decks?_embed=cards
/decks/1?_embed=cards
/decks/1/cards
/cards
/cards?deckId=1


Fixing Defects in Issue Tracker
Per Kohsuke Kawaguchi:
When you make a bug fix, would you please have the commit message
contain an issue ID in "JENKINS-1234" form?
There's a daemon that's checking all the commit messages and once it
finds this kind of links, it'll do the cross linking between commits and
issues.
If you also put a marker like "[FIXED JENKINS-1679]" it will also
automatically mark the bug as closed for you, so you'll save time.
And finally, when you make a bug fix, please update
trunk/www/changelog.html and note your bug fix. This helps us track
which bug fix went in when.


This manual explains how to use Ninf-G Version 5 (installation, setup, and writing programs).
The reader is assumed to have knowledge and experience of the following.
This manual is comprised of the following components.
This section provides a brief overall description of GridRPC and Ninf-G. The terminology used in this manual is also explained here.
This section explains how to install Ninf-G.
This section explains how to write and set up programs that run on server machines.
This section explains how to write and set up programs that run on client machines.
This section presents examples of Ninf-G usage.
This section describes the syntax of the IDL processed by Ninf-G.
This section is the reference manual for the GridRPC API provided by Ninf-G.
(The text is in the format of a UNIX on-line manual.)
This section is the reference manual for the utility commands provided by Ninf-G.
(The text is in the format of a UNIX on-line manual.)
This section is the reference manual for the GridRPC Java API provided by Ninf-G.
(To view this on your local site, you have to run javadoc)
This section describes how to develop a Ninf-G External Module.
This section points out problems currently known in Ninf-G.
Ninf-G Tutorial documents and sample programs which users can use to learn how to develop Ninf-G applications are included in doc/tutorial directory.
Should you encounter any problems using Ninf-G, please describe the problem and send it to the following mailing list.
The Ninf development group is striving to improve this manual. Please send your comments or advice about the manual to the following e-mail address.


>>
<<
Usr
Pri
JfC
LJ
Phr
Dic
Voc
!:
Help
User
J System Overview
J is a high-level, general purpose programming language. The J system provides: an engine for executing J; various front ends that provide user interfaces to the J engine; a library, written in J, that provides an IDE (interactive development environment), numerous tools, utililties, demos, tutorials; and online documention.
J Engine (JE)
The JE executes J sentences and maintains state information such as the definitions of verbs, the values of nouns, and the execution stack. The JE acts as a server to a J Front End that provides a user interface. All other JE interfaces with the world outside its own execution and state are through a few 'foreign conjunctions' that enable the JE to work with files, call routines in external libraries (DLLs), and access host services.
See Release Notes for details on J Engine changes in this, and earlier releases.
J Front End (JFE)
A JFE provides a user interface to the JE. Typically a JFE takes user input from the keyboard, gives it to the JE, and then displays the formatted result that the JE returns on the screen.
Jconsole
Jconsole is a command line interface to the JE. Jconsole is very similar in Windows and Unix and can be run from a host console and can be used like any other console command. The jconsole binary in Windows is called jconsole.exe and in Unix it is called jconsole.
Script Library
J definitions are stored in ASCII plain text files called scripts. J scripts usually have a filename suffix of ijs. The system includes an extensive script library and related files that include an IDE, tutorials, demos, tools, and utilities.
profile
When a JFE starts it loads profile.ijs from the library to initialize the system.
Portability
J is portable across platforms. A J application is as close as you can get to 'write once, run anywhere'.
>>
<<
Usr
Pri
JfC
LJ
Phr
Dic
Voc
!:
Help
User


Gareth Bale puts Real Madrid behind Wales, golf in controversial flag celebration
- Gareth Bale has fueled his strained Real Madrid relationship with controversial flag celebration
- The Welshman was seen holding a flag with controversial inscription "Wales. Golf. Madrid. In that order" after Wales' victory over Hungary
- The former Spurs ace has been at loggerhead with the Spanish giants after his forced move to China was frustrated
Want-away forward, Gareth Bale, has intensified effort to force a move away from Real Madrid after the Welshman celebrated his country's Euro 202 qualification with a controversial flag, fueling his strained relationship with the Spanish giants.
Bale gave football fans a glimpse of his brilliance after the 30-year-old put in a vital impressive performance as Wales demolished Hungary 2-0 to clinch Euro 2020 ticket in style.
But the winger courted controversy to himself and fueled the friction between him and his employers after he was seen with flag bearing a controversial inscription "Wales. Golf. Madrid. In that order."
Nigerians praise Wizkid shortly after Aloma accused him of buying fake Richard Mille wristwatch
Real Madrid boss Zinedine Zidane was reported to have been angered by Bale's utter disrespect for the club but he would not penalize him for the behaviour, Sportbible reports.
The former Tottenham star has been neck-deep in volatile whirlpool of controversy since falling down the pecking order with Spanish giants management.
Bale is reportedly seeking a January move from the club after his massive money transfer was truncated by Real Madrid during the summer transfer.
Zidane is reportedly willing to overlook Bale's controversy to avoid more strained relationship with the winger.
Meanwhile, Bale's controversial jibe at Real Madrid has become subject of debate in Spanish capital with a giant Madrid press slamming the former Spur ace for his celebration.
"We have always defended you, Gareth Bale," Spanish publication Madrid Sports tweeted a video of the incident and wrote
"We have had patience with your injuries, we have celebrated your goals and assists, and we have defended your passion for golf and your limited Spanish.
Rohr reveals what would make him the happiest man alive amid Super Eagles job uncertainty
"But enough is enough. As it says on the flag, you are laughing at Madrid."
PAY ATTENTION: Install Pitch Football App for FREE to get the latest football News & Scores
Meanwhile, Legit.ng had reported that newly appointed manager of Tottenham Jose Mourinho has reportedly identified Real Madrid winger Gareth Bale as his first target for the Premier League side when transfer opens.
Jose Mourinho recently replaced Argentine Mauricio Pochettino who was thrown out at Tottenham after poor run of form this season.
Abu Azeez: Meet the only Nigerian rated among top 50 beach soccer players worldwide | Legit TV


OpenStack in an hour with DevStack
So you found out a cool new technology “OpenStack” and want to try it real quick? Or probably you are hired in a company for your Python skills and now you are supposed to work on OpenStack in the shortest possible time? Fear not, it is not that hard to get started. DevStack is your friend-in-need. No, don't click that hyperlink just yet :)
To put it in a sentence, DevStack is “OpenStack in a box”. You just need a popular Linux based distribution with 2GB RAM and you're all set to start. DevStack is basically a set of scripts which will install all the important OpenStack services in your computer. For this, it will first download all the essential packages, pull in the OpenStack code from various OpenStack projects, and set everything up for you to try out all of it.
NOTE: DO NOT set up DevStack for production clouds.
Here, in this tutorial, I'll be setting up DevStack in a 64-bit Ubuntu 12.04 virtual machine. All your virtual machine needs to have is an Internet connection, and 2GB RAM.
NOTE: Do not run any of the script as a root user, unless specified otherwise explicitly.
Getting started
Install git
sudo apt-get install git
Clone the DevStack repository into your computer and cd
into it. This is the code which will set up the cloud for you.
git clone http://github.com/openstack-dev/devstack
cd devstack/
If you do a ls
, you will see stack.sh
and unstack.sh
files in there. These are the most important files.
r@ra:~/devstack$ ls
accrc exercises HACKING.rst rejoin-stack.sh tests
AUTHORS exercise.sh lib run_tests.sh tools
clean.sh extras.d LICENSE samples unstack.sh
driver_certs files localrc stackrc
eucarc functions openrc stack-screenrc
exerciserc functions-common README.md stack.sh
File stack.sh
is the most important of them all. Running this script will:
- Pull OpenStack code from all of it's important projects’ repositories and put them in
/opt/stack
directory. TODO: say that this directory is configurable. - Installs all the dependencies these OpenStack projects have – both in the form of Ubuntu packages, and also the Python “PIP” repositories.
- Starts all the OpenStack services with a default configuration.
Bringing down the DevStack-created cloud is easy too – just invoke the unstack.sh
script, and all the services are down again, freeing up the memory that these services consume. Let's get started before I start writing at lengths again :)
Execute the stack.sh
script
r@ra:~/devstack$ ./stack.sh
################################################################################
ENTER A PASSWORD TO USE FOR THE DATABASE.
################################################################################
This value will be written to your localrc file so you don't have to enter it
again. Use only alphanumeric characters.
If you leave this blank, a random default value will be used.
Enter a password now:
You need to add the MySQL database password here. Don't worry if you have not installed MySQL on this system. Just provide a password here and this script will install MySQL and use this password there.
As you can see, MySQL is where all the important data is stored by different OpenStack components. You can peep into the database later if you want to see what data is stored, etc.
Also, note the first line after the heading. If the stack.sh
script finishes successfully, all the inputs you specify (this, and four more after this) will be written to a file named as localrc
. All the local configuration setting pertaining to the DevStack environment will go in this file. I'll provide you with details of all of them very soon. Have patience :)
For the other four prompts, enter ‘nova’. Just use ‘nova’ for this MySQL prompt too if it is not installed yet.
You will see that the script now starts spewing a lot of output on our screen. It is downloading all the required code, packages, dependencies, etc, and setting everything up for us – databases, services, network, configurations, message queues. Pretty much everything. For the first time, the script might take about 30-minutes, but it again depends upon the speed of your Internet connection, and the processing speed of your virtual machine. From the next time, it can provide you with a cloud in less than 10 minutes!
If the script ends with something like this:
+ merge_config_group /home/r/devstack/local.conf post-extra
+ local localfile=/home/r/devstack/local.conf
+ shift
+ local matchgroups=post-extra
+ [[ -r /home/r/devstack/local.conf ]]
+ return 0
+ [[ -x /home/r/devstack/local.sh ]]
+ service_check
+ local service
+ local failures
+ SCREEN_NAME=stack
+ SERVICE_DIR=/opt/stack/status
+ [[ ! -d /opt/stack/status/stack ]]
++ ls '/opt/stack/status/stack/*.failure'
++ /bin/true
+ failures=
+ '[' -n '' ']'
+ set +o xtrace
Horizon is now available at http://<IP_ADDRESS>/
Keystone is serving at http://<IP_ADDRESS>:5000/v2.0/
Examples on using novaclient command line is in exercise.sh
The default users are: admin and demo
The password: nova
This is your host ip: <IP_ADDRESS>
stack.sh completed in 269 seconds.
That means your machine is now home to a Cloud! :)
Here, <IP_ADDRESS>
is the IP of my first network interface. Don't worry about that for now.
So now you can head over to my blog Cinder on DevStack - Quick Start to get started with creating volumes (persistent storage in cloud) with Cinder – OpenStack's block-storage project. In that guide, you will also be creating a virtual machine, so it will be a good start to OpenStack. But let's get back in our current scope.
You can type the host IP provided by the script into your browser, to access the dashboard ‘Horizon’. Log into it using username ‘admin’, or ‘demo’ and password ‘nova’. (For simplicity's sake, lets just assume there are two users who are allowed to access this cloud – one has all the administrative privilages, and the other one is just a normal user).
You can view all the process logs inside screen, by typing:
screen -x
Head over to Linux Screens in DevStack for more information on how to work with screen
.
Housekeeping and customizations
In your life as an OpenStack developer, you will be setting up and destroying DevStack instance quite a number of times. So it is good to know how to do that in the most efficient manner.
Just like stack.sh
script is used to set up DevStack, unstack.sh
is used to destroy the DevStack setup. Running it will kill all the services, BUT it will not delete any of the code. If you want to bring down all the services manually, just do a:
sudo killall screen
Note that this will just kill all the process which were running, for which you were able to see the logs inside screen. unstack.sh
does some cleanups as well along with killing processes.
NOTE: DevStack environment doesn't persist across reboots!
So you need to bring back up the DevStack environment manually everytime you reboot. Here is where using a virtual machine comes handy. You can take a snapshot of the virtual machine, and then go back to it when you want a clean DevStack environment.
localrc configurations
localrc
is the file where all the local configurations (local = your local machine) are kept.
After first successful stack.sh
run, will see that a localrc file gets created with the configuration values you specified while running that script.
$ cat localrc
DATABASE_PASSWORD=nova
RABBIT_PASSWORD=nova
SERVICE_TOKEN=nova
SERVICE_PASSWORD=nova
ADMIN_PASSWORD=nova
Sometimes you will forget to unstack, and will reboot the machine. And then you will find that running stack.sh
will again do an apt-get update
, and check for all packages, etc.
If you specify an option OFFLINE=True
in a file named localrc
, inside the devstack directory, and if after specifying this you run stack.sh
, it will not check anything over the Internet, and will set up DevStack using all the packages and code residing in your machine. Setting up a DevStack using this config option will give you a running cloud in the shortest amount of time).
Note that stack.sh
will see if the git repositories of the OpenStack projects are present in /opt/stack/
directory. If they are, it will not fetch any latest code into them from Github. But if any of the directory (say, nova
), is absent, it will pull latest code into the newly created nova
directory inside /opt/stack
.
What if you want to get the latest code into all the OpenStack repositories inside /opt/stack
? Just specify a RECLONE=yes
parameter in localrc, and rerun ./stack.sh
. This comes particularly handy when you are developing new code.
NOTE: Keep in mind that while developing code, you need to commit your local changes in, say, /opt/stack/nova
repository, before you restack (re-run stack.sh
) with RECLONE=yes
option, as otherwise, the changes will be wiped off. Save yourself from a rude shock. You have been warned.
Configuration options RECLONE=yes
and OFFLINE=True
are complementary, and hence, use only one of them at a time in localrc
.
If you have more than one interfaces, you can specify which one to use for external IP using this configuration:
HOST_IP=192.168.xxx.xxx
Developing code
If you want to immediately test out your code by running it inside DevStack, you need to make the changes in the code, and restart the affected services.
For example, let us say you are making code changes in nova
. Just after you are done making the changes, go to the screen, and restart all the services which start with “n-". If you are very sure that only one of the Nova service is affected, just restart that. Or if you don't know which one to restart, it is safe to restart all of them.
In order to restart, go to the respective screen and press CTRL`+`C
. Then, press the up arrow once to get the last command which started this screen session, and then press ENTER
.
Final words
Note that this guide just gets you started with OpenStack using DevStack. OpenStack, and cloud in general, is not about virtual machines or volumes or networks only. It is a philosophy. It is a complete paradigm shift, and as such, it is impossible to cover all of it by me. Your quest to know more about it has just started. Keep reading more and more about it and I guarantee you you will be fascinated by it's limitless possibilities.
This post is written keeping in mind that it will be consumed by a newbie to OpenStack development. If you are one of the one benefitting from this guide, I would love it if you can provide me with suggestions to improve this post, and any feedback you have about it.
Now you can go to the DevStack website :)
Cheers! Rushi


Coldwater Indian Band Chief Lee Spahan next to Kinder Morgan pipeline crossing sign on his reserve. His people were given a one-time payment of $1,292 for the permanent right-of-passage. Photo Mychaylo Prystupa
Oil leak of the Trans Mountain pipeline on Coldwater Indian Band reserve in 2014. Source: band's lawyer.
Coldwater Indian Band's location along the Trans Mountain pipeline, which owner Kinder Morgan wants to expand pending federal approval.
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The following examples are unmodified copies from the Graphviz Gallery.
Note that some style attributes of Graphviz are not supported by vis.js, and that vis.js offers options not supported by Graphviz (which could make some examples look much nicer).


color QML Basic Type
an ARGB color value. The color
type refers to an ARGB color value. It can be specified in a number of ways:
- By a SVG color name, such as "red", "green" or "lightsteelblue".
- By a hexadecimal triplet or quad in the form
"#RRGGBB"
and"#AARRGGBB"
respectively. For example, the color red corresponds to a triplet of"#FF0000"
and a slightly transparent blue to a quad of"#800000FF"
. - Using the Qt.rgba(), Qt.hsva(), Qt.hsla(), Qt.darker(), Qt.lighter() or Qt.tint() functions.
Example:
Rectangle { color: "steelblue" width: 40; height: 40 } Rectangle { color: "transparent" y: 40; width: 40; height: 40 } Rectangle { color: "#FF0000" y: 80; width: 40; height: 40 } Rectangle { color: "#800000FF" y: 120; width: 40; height: 40 } Rectangle { color: "#00000000" // ARGB fully transparent y: 160 width: 40; height: 40 }
A color type has r
, g
, b
and a
properties that refer to the red, green, blue and alpha values of the color, respectively. Additionally it has hsvHue
, hsvSaturation
, hsvValue
and hslHue
, hslSaturation
, hslLightness
properties, which allow access to color values in HSV and HSL color models accordingly:
Text { color: "red" // prints "1 0 0 1" Component.onCompleted: console.log(color.r, color.g, color.b, color.a) }
To test color values for equality, use the Qt.colorEqual() function. This allows colors to be accurately compared whether they are in property form or in any of the acceptable string specification forms.
When integrating with C++, note that any QColor value passed into QML from C++ is automatically converted into a color
value, and vice-versa.
This basic type is provided by the QtQuick import.
See also QML Basic Types.