Why Design Systems Fail
An Event Apart | Boston 2018
Una Kravets | @una
Design systems are so hot right now, and for good reason. They promote a modular approach to building a product, and ensure
organizational unity and stability via reusable code snippets and utility styles. They make prototyping a breeze, and provide
a common language for both designers and developers. A design system is a culmination of several individual components:
In this Talk:
What is a Design System
Working on a Variety of Design Systems
What Makes a Design System Successful (or not)
Execution Details of Successful Design Systems
Steps for Getting Started
A Design System Is:
Style guide or visual pattern library
Design tooling (i.e. Sketch Library)
Component library (where the components live in code)
Code usage guidelines and documentation
Design usage documentation
Voice and tone guidelines
Animation language
design systems have transformed over time and my own experience working with these has also changed. I've had quite the journey. Let's go back in time through that
The first design system I built was for a school project. I was in a design class and we had to create a style guide for the product.
The idea of digital style guides was brand new. This is definitely a more design-focused system -- with basics like colors, typography, and even image usage defined and documented. I used a fancy SVG effect in the intro because I thought it was cool.
- nvite photo -
The second design system I worked on was at a small startup called nvite
- try to find image of design systems at nvite -
- I did a lot of experimental work, like building prototypes of dashboard, and another thing I did was to begin documenting a design system
- Now this was not only for internal work, but also for developers who might be using our API, that was something we were thinking of back then
- This was a time when design systems were a kind-of relatively new concept
Watson Image of teammates
- The third design system I worked on was an architecture-based component library for IBM Watson
- I worked on a small team, and really focused on semantics and accessibility
naming gif/jif gif
There were a lot of discussions about nuances
bluemix teammates
- I then began working on the first iteration of what became the Carbon Design System
- This was the first time I was able to work with a larger team on the design system
- There were 10 of us -- developers, designers, and project management
Go through Carbon Design System
This has now become a much more robust system, go through it
And then I began working at DigitalOcean on a plethora of design systems...
- Within all of those companies, I've seen multiple design systems emerge and try to call themselves the single source of truth.
- At DigitalOcean, there are currently 3 floating around (because reasons), at various stages of use
- It's important to remember this very important XKCD cartoon, though when it comes to building new design systems:
- The problem was with that first system — that people weren't using it, and this was causing code cruft
- When I did an Audit, I found that 96KB of the existing CSS was the design system
- This was only 28% of the total CSS, signaling that most of the CSS was overrides and additional components
- There were 57 unique font sizes, 14 z-indices, 121 unique color declarations, 19 unique font family declarations
- So there was room for improvement
- But most importantly, I wanted to know why people were adding on and not using the existing system
- I think understanding this point is critical to the discussion of how to empower a company to grow via design systems
- Because if you don't take usage and support into account, you're missing out on all of the benefits of your hard work building that system
Happy Design Systems:
Scale Good Standards
Build-in Accessibility
Unify Component Style
Unify Component Code
Reduce Code Cruft
Speed Up Product Delivery
- These are all good things – the happy path.
- If you're wondering "how could developers not use a design system that exists when there are so many benefis?"
- The answer is simple: We're all being judged on different things.
- Most people aren't being judged on clean code, they need to build features, their job depends on it.
- You have to separate that fact from your own OKRs and what you're evaluated on.
- Everything you do needs to support your customer (the engineers) and their needs
- And its not an easy task
- So lets get started at looking at what we should be doing to have a successful design system
1. Investment
To have a successful design system, you need to make a continuous effort to invest resources into it.
working out image / gif (maybe break up into two slides)
- This is something that lives on the organizational level
- **It's like working out**.
- Small incremental investments over time lead to big gains overall.
- If you invest _once_ in a design system (say, 3 months of overhauling it) but neglect to keep it up, you won't find much improvement after that immediate gratification
- People will stop using it as it becomes out of sync with new designs and you'll end up with strange, floating bits of code that nobody is using
- And then you'll find yourself in for _another_ round of large investment, but dreading going through the process since its fallen out of shape.
scaling image -- talk about accessibility
- Also, because of how they scale, design systems can really make a large impact across the platform, making it extremely important to really invest in things like accessibility from the start
- It's also important to have some kind of ownership, some person or team who is looking out for this
- Having a dedicated person is a way to ensure investment in this is ongoing
2. Communication
- Once you have resources and a plan to invest in a design system, its really important that this person or team acts as a bridge between design and engineering
- Continuous communication is really important here
- Remember that nobody wants to be told what to do or prescribed a solution, especially developers, who are used to a lot of autonomy (usually they get to choose their own tools at work)
- There is a basic psychological reaction in which they will just shut down and stop listening
- Despite how much control the other engineers have on the process, they need to *feel* like they have input, and *feel* heard
- It's like percieved performance, except percieved involvement
Ask.
Listen.
Make Your User Feel Heard.
- I really want to emphasize this third point, of making your user feel heard
- which brings me to my next point...
3. Buy-in
- For all of the reasons I just went over, good communication is really important for getting buy-in from your users
- You also need to get buy-in from product managment and design.
- It's a lot of people ops, which we'll hear a lot about in the next talk
- You have to make them *want* to use your design system because then you can really win
- & a really good way to get someome to want to use a product is to make it the path of least resistance, to *show* its value
- *Showing* is more powerful than *telling*
- So if you can, have developers use your product in a low-stakes situation where it provides clear benefits
tweet about code is only 20%
Hackathons are Candy to a Budding Design System
- Hackathons are a great place to debut your design system
- Having a hackathon internally at DigitalOcean was a perfect opportunity to:
1. Evangelize for the design system
2. See what people were using it for and struggling with (excellent user testing there)
3. Get user feedback afterward on how to improve it
- The feedback we got from that hackathon was really helpful in shaping what's become of our current iteration
- After the hackathon, more people had heard about BUI, and word spread.
- This was my favorite moment that occured a few weeks after the hackathon. //explain + click
- These kinds of moments, where people explore on their own are where you can really get people on your side and using the design system,
- helping their products scale and grow
- seeing the benefits first hand
- Speaking of seeing products scale and grow...
4. Solid Architecture
- Build it so that it can grow
- Not collide with existing styles (via namespacing or using a component framework that does that for you)
- Versioning
Major.Minor.Patch
- I've used Semantic versioning on all of the design systems I've ever worked on
- It uses a system of Major.Minor.Patch for any updates
- You can then tag released on Github with versioned updates and ensure that someone's app won't break unintentionally when there is an update
- We also use this semantic versioning as a link with our design system assets to keep them in sync, with the same version number corresponding to both Sketch and code
- For our built CDN assets, I'll talk about that more in a second, we run a deploy script that automatically created folders for each realease, as well as a `latest` folder if someone wanted the always-up-to-date version of the design system
Technology Choice
Remember the slide with all of that unused CSS? This could be prevented by using a component-based system.
5. Reduce Friction
If it's harder for people to use than their current system, people won't use it
- Reducing friction kind of sums up all of the other points made here about empathy, communication, and thinking about your user when building a design system
- You have to make your design system the path of least resistance,
- and that means lowering cognitive overhead of development, not adding to it
- this could change some of the decisions you make, but if your design system is complicated and over-engineered, again, its not going to be used
- With the new version of BUI, we provide a few options
- Option 1, where users can implement it into a development environment and use Sass, select just the components they want to include, and extend the system using hooks.
- That's the most performant and extensible output. Code is clean and everyone's happy.
- But not everyone wants to work this way, including Sass a dependancy and learning a new syntax.
- There is also the user who just wants to throw a link onto their page and have it look nice, and thats where our versioned built assets come in
- What you want (option 1) may not be the path of least resistance for an engineer, and you always have to keep that user in mind
Controversial Statement Alert
gif of shocked face
You Might Not Need A Design System.
This is controversial because there is this push that everyone needs a design system. But its like the JavaScript framework React. React is a great solution, but its not the *right* solution for every project.
I did mention above that a design system can't be succesful without buy-in and coordination, so here is me providing a warning that a design system cannot be a one-person effort. If you're inspired by this talk and go back to your company and start building a design system, they might not know what to do with it. It might be a massive amount of work falling on deaf ears. It's really important to know your audience and your toolset. A design system might not be the best use of your time. If you're working on a small project
The best time to build a design system is while a product is evolving, but they can be built in retrospect as well. The earlier the better, so its just something you have to manage.
"Empowering product growth with design systems"
Investment
Communication
Buy-In
Solid Architecture
Remove Friction
Now let's talk about how to actually start a design System -- and some practical steps
So You Want to Start a Design System
Before we get into the code, think about the purpose of your design system -- why do you have it
Start with how you want your design system to *feel*
Design systems are about language as much as they are about components
Feeling -- mechanical, vintage, took inspiration from its history
this is a great time to start interfacing with design, getting buy in, and creating a greater vision for your design system
- then start with what you have (check out your existing codebase)
- do style audits cssstats.com
- image of the color consolidation workshop at DO
- do a component audit
- print out all of the pages and cut out all of the different buttons
- figure out what is the "true" base style vs. what is a variant
- use this info and these perf improvemnts to get buy in
- select technology (react, vanilla js/css, etc.whatever is easier to use)
- start small -- start with common components like buttons and typography, forms -- anything that is a base HTML element
Each of these base elements has multiple states -- show each of the multiple states
Think about interaction with every hover an focus
Think about accessibility
Document the usage, document requirements for accessibility
Always be in communication with design about the ultimate source of truth
- While you do this, you'll see that a naming convention starts to emerge, so be consistent with your naming
- then you can put together more complex components like cards that compose some of those basic elements
Think about the state of those complex components too -- when you're working with a system like React, those basic components get state and can show differently based on it.
- Put together the site
- Share, profit, be happy
"Empowering product growth with design systems"
Investment
Communication
Buy-In
Solid Architecture
Remove Friction
- I just want to bring this slide up again to remind you about the basics -- its really about people
- I hope that those lessons and tibits have shown you that a design system is only as effective as its adoption
- Through investment, communication, buy-in, solid architecture, and removing friction,
- you can get developers excited to use your design system,
- empowering them to build quickly and efficiently, and everyone wins.
And this also brings me back to my gym metaphor. Not everyone enjoys the same workout, but you can get the same results, the ones personally tailored to your needs, if you keep at it. So find whats right for you, and keep at it.


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Medieval catalogues > UNIVERSITY AND COLLEGE LIBRARIES OF CAMBRIDGE > Queens' College > Inventory, 1472
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Before Change
user_id = activity.actor.id
room_id = activity.target.id
if not utils.is_owner(room_id, user_id):
return False, 400, "user not an owner of room"
// validate all acls before actually changing anything
After Change
object_type = activity.target.object_type
if object_type is None or len(object_type.strip()) == 0:
return False, 400, "empty object_type, must be one of [channel, room]"
if object_type not in ["channel", "room"]:
return False, 400, "invalid object_type "%s", but be one of [channel, room]"
if not _can_edit_acl(target_id, user_id):
return False, 400, "user is not allowed to change acls on the target"


6 January 1997
Release of version 0.1
14 February 1997
Fixed bug in Counter demo for the Macintosh - the maximum size of an integer is smaller than the value returned by time.time().
Fixed bug in Grid demo for Tk 4.2 - grid_bbox returns garbage if it is called without update_idletasks. Also, grid_bbox can only have two arguments in Tk 4.1.
Modified ScrolledText demo so that the text widget contains enough text to require a vertical scrollbar.
Changes to PmwBase:
Prefixed the name of several private variables with a double underscore.
Added symbolic constants for the indexes into an optionInfo list.
Changed names of several methods and variables to be more descriptive.
Removed options() method.
Simplified configuration option data structures. Modified option handling code so that default options are set correctly. If an option is created before initialise() is called then initialise() checks if the option is set by the keyword arguments to initialise(). If not, then it is given the value found in the Tk option database, if a value exists, or the default value. If an option is created after initialise() is called, then it is given the value found in the Tk option database, if a value exists, or the default value.
Replaced usage of self._hull in megawidgets by interior() method.
Added autoclear option to ComboBox.
Fixed bug in ComboBox - fast clicking on the arrow button could result in an attempt to grab a window that was not yet visible.
Added "sys.exc_traceback = None" to the except clauses of all try statements so that references to objects in the stack trace would not be left.
Added takefocus option to PushButton.
Modified the getcurselection() method of ScrolledListBox so that it returns a string if the selection mode is 'single' or 'browse', rather than a tuple with one element. This also affects methods forwarded and derived from ScrolledListBox.
Modified ScrolledListBox so that it avoids unnecessary updates by using idle timer.
Modified ScrolledText to use grid instead of pack.
Added shutdown() function to Tk module to clean up all references to the Tcl interpreter and then delete it.
Fixed bug in Tk module for the Macintosh - update() was being called in initialise() before the Tcl interpreter was created.
14 February 1997
Version 0.1.1 completed and released internally.
6 March 1997
Pmw now uses the standard Tkinter module. The Tk module has been dropped. This means that the Tk module functions such as after, bell, bind, update, etc, are no longer available and the equivalent Tkinter methods should be used.
To restore some of the features of the Tk module, Pmw.initialise() now adds run-time hooks into Tkinter to get notification of when Tk widgets are created and destroyed. It also modifies the CallWrapper class so that errors during callbacks and bindings can be displayed in a window. If Pmw.initialise() is not called, Tkinter is not modified and these features are not available.
If a Tk widget which is acting as the hull of a megawidget is destroyed, then the megawidget is destroyed as well. This can only happen if Pmw.initialise() is called.
Pmw.initialise() now takes the Tkinter root as its argument.
The parent of megawidgets now defaults to the Tk root. Previously, the parent of non-toplevel megawidgets had to be given.
Added PmwBase.tracetk() function to get trace of calls to the Tcl interpreter for debugging.
Added functions to PmwBase to display a busy cursor over the application such as when a modal dialog is displayed or it is blocked doing a long calculation. Uses busy command of the blt extension, if present.
Created a nifty new demo which demonstrates most of the megawidgets in a convenient way.
Added a TextDialog.
Added functionality to handle the grabbing of nested modal dialogs correctly.
Added an activatecommand option to Dialog which allows, for example, the PromptDialog widget to set the keyboard focus when it is activated.
Added tests for Counter and logicalfont.
The ScrolledListBox selectioncommand is no longer given the widget as its first argument.
Several method, function and component names were changed, to be consistent with the coding conventions.
Some of the effects of moving from the Tk module to Tkinter are:
The Tk module used to exit if there were no non-root toplevel windows shown. This is no longer the case and so the application must handle this explicitly, particularly if the root window is withdrawn and the last non-root toplevel is deleted by the window manager.
The Tk module bind functions and methods used to take a noEvent argument to indicate that the Tk event should not be passed to the callback. Tkinter does not support this.
The Tk module initialise() function should be replaced by "root = Tkinter.Tk()" and root should be used instead of "Tk.Root()"
The Tk module quit() function should be replace by "root.destroy()".
Toplevels are not hidden when created. To be consistent, MegaToplevels are not hidden either.
The hide and show methods are not available for Tkinter Toplevels, only MegaToplevels
There is no grid_configure method.
Tkinter.Canvas.coords() returns a python list, not a tuple.
The Tkinter cget and configure widget methods always return strings for the option values. The Tk module used to convert the string to the appropriate python type (such as string, integer, float, Variable, Image, callback function).
Tkinter Menu and Toplevel classes incorrectly have a pack method.
Menu class has no geometry method.
Canvas focus returns '' rather than None.
Text mark_gravity returns '' rather than None.
13 March 1997
Release of version 0.2
17 March 1997
Set default WM_DELETE_WINDOW protocol of Tkinter.Toplevel to destroy() and removed duplicated protocol request from all demos.
Modified text of ShowBusy demo to indicate that busy cursor will only be seen if the BLT extension is present.
Replaced call to update() in PmwLabeledWidget.py with update_idletasks().
Changed name of PromptDialog component from 'entry' to 'entryfield'.
28 April 1997
Version 0.3 released internally
19 August 1997
Many changes made (see the version 0.4 porting guide for more details).
The option propagation mechanism that iwidgets uses is too cumbersome, too hard to understand and, in python, too slow. Developed a new mechanism which is more explicit in naming options. This resulted in most options which were simply propagated to components being removed. Removed keep(), rename() and ignore() methods and "usual" options.
For speed, Pmw no longer queries the Tk option database for
default values for megawidget options. Hence, resource names and
classes do not need to be supplied when creating options and
None is returned for the resource name and class when using
configure()
to query the options. Option "types" no longer
used.
Changed method and component names to be more consistent.
Replaced most uses of pack() with grid().
Megawidgets no longer inherit from LabeledWidget. Instead they call createlabel() to optionally create the label component.
Removed child site from EntryField and rewrote ComboBox accordingly.
Wrote lots more documentation, including automatically generated reference manuals.
Removed PushButton and rewrote ButtonBox to directly create Tkinter.Buttons rather than PushButtons.
Added initialisation options - options which can be set at creation time but not later using configure().
Added aliases for components.
Modified the base classes so that during option configuration, components are configured before configuration called functions are called.
Added several more megawidgets.
Added interface to BLT graph and vector commands.
Created PmwLazy module for lazy importing of Pmw - avoids loading megawidgets which are not used.
Added several more functions for handling color and fonts.
Replaced Counter and EntryField time with timeN and time24
Pmw.initialise() will now create Tkinter.Tk if not given root.
1 September 1997
Release of version 0.4
5 September 1997
Modified the base classes so that the Tk option database resource class of megawidgets can be overridden in the call to the constructor using the hull_class option.
The separators in Pmw.PanedWidget are now active - they can be grabbed, like the handles, and moved around. The cursor now changes to the correct left/right or up/down cursor when over a separator or handle. (Clemens Hintze)
Fixed bug in MessageInfo demo Dismiss button. If it is invoked, an error occurs saying "not enough arguments". (Mark Colclough)
9 September 1997
Added the useTkOptionDb argument to Pmw.initialise which specifies that the initial values of megawidget options are to be set by querying the Tk option database.
When used to query options, the configure() method now returns the resource class and name of the options.
19 September 1997
Changed functions datestringtoint() and timestringtoint() to datestringtojdn() and timestringtoseconds(). Changed return value of datestringtojdn() to be Julian Day Numbers rather than seconds since the epoch.
Fixed a bug in the date Counter due to use of time.timezone, by replacing, when calculating date increments, calls to the time module with calls to datestringtojdn().
Added century pivot year (setyearpivot function) to Counter date datatypes to handle two-digit years.
Added date_dmy4, date_mdy4 and date_y4md datatypes to Counter.
Modified demos All.py and ScrolledText.py so that demos can be called from directories other than the demos directory. (Case Roole and Guido van Rossum)
Changed the default for the Pmw.Balloon label_justify option to left to improve appearance of multi-line balloons. Pmw.Balloon now replaces newlines with spaces in the statusHelp string so that the strings look better when displayed in a Pmw.MessageBar. (Andreas Kostyrka)
Pmw.Blt now calls package require BLT when checking for the existence of Blt, so that it can be loaded if it is not statically linked. (Clemens Hintze, Matthias Klose)
Copied earthris.gif and flagup.bmp files from Tcl distribution to test directory, just in case they have not been installed. (Jonathan Kelly)
Lots of improvements to the documentation and documenting recent changes.
16 October 1997
Modified Pmw.Balloon and Pmw.ComboBox to work around a bug in the Windows95 version of Tk which caused the popup windows to appear in the wrong place. (Fredrik Lundh and Jerome Gay)
Added Pmw.maxfontwidth() function. (Rob Pearson)
24 October 1997
Changed PmwBase._reporterror to handle the class exceptions of python 1.5. (Case Roole)
29 October 1997
Fixed a bug in forwardmethods() function which occurred if the toClass class had a method called type.
7 November 1997
Changed tests/Test._getErrorValue to handle the class exceptions of python 1.5. (Michael McLay)
Changed bug fix in forwardmethods() function to use the
exec execString in d
construct. (Guido van Rossum)
Can now use Pmw.MegaArchetype as a base class just to get option handling; it will not create the hull component unless requested. Moved __str__() and interior() methods from Pmw.MegaToplevel and Pmw.MegaWidget to Pmw.MegaArchetype class.
10 November 1997
Added textclass option to Pmw.ScrolledText and listboxclass option for Pmw.ScrolledListBox to allow embedding of custom widgets.
Added Mitch Chapman's FontText module to the demos
directory
and used it to display the demo source code in color.
Added two notebook megawwidgets, Pmw.NoteBookR and Pmw.NoteBookS. (Case Roole and Joe Saltiel)
Added Pmw.ScrolledCanvas megawidget. (Joe Saltiel)
Added Pmw.TreeBrowse megawidget. (Michael McLay)
Added Pmw.Group megawidget and modified to use grid()
instead
of pack()
. (Case Roole)
Release of version 0.5
12 November 1997
Added pyclass option to components and removed textclass option from Pmw.ScrolledText and listboxclass option from Pmw.ScrolledListBox. (Suggested by Shen Wang)
Added label component to Pmw.ButtonBox megawidget.
Fixed mis-spelling of PmwTreeBrowse in Pmw.py.
Release of version 0.5.1
5 December 1997
The pyclass option can now be None. If so, createcomponent returns None.
Removed tagtype option from Pmw.Group. Can now use the more general tag_pyclass instead.
Added tcl call to load {} Blt
when testing for presence of Blt.
Added julian and papal options to Pmw.ymdtojulian and Pmw.juliantoymd functions and made sure divisions give the same result as C even when operands are negative.
Exported ymdtojulian and juliantoymd functions.
Fixed bug in activate method. Did not prepend TclError with Tkinter.
When the Blt busy hold command is called from showbusycursor, the
bindtags on the busy window are set so that no events cause
callbacks to occur for the toplevel or all bindings. Also, while
a busy window is up, the focus is changed to the busy window so
that no keyboard events are accepted. This fixes a bug where the
Tkinter._nametowidget function could crash with a KeyError: _Busy
if there was a binding on a toplevel window and the mouse
was pressed while the busy cursor was up.
9 December 1997
Fixed bug in Pmw.datestringtojdn() when dealing with century year, such as 2000.
10 December 1997
Added where option to Pmw.ScrolledText.importfile()
. (Graham
Matthews)
16 December 1997
Modified Pmw.RadioSelect and Pmw.ButtonBox so that you can no longer index their buttons using regular expressions. This feature seemed to have little use and caused problems with buttons labeled for example a* and b*. (Problem reported by Rob Hooft)
Added updateFunction option to Pmw.busycallback(). If set, the function will be called just after the command given to Pmw.busycallback(). If the function is set the Tkinter update() method, then this will clear any events that may have occurred while the command was executing.
30 December 1997
Changed ymdtojulian and juliantoymd functions to jdntoymd and ymdtojdn, because the meaning of "julian" is ambiguous, whereas the meaning of "Julian Day Number" is not (maybe).
Converted Pmw to use python 1.5 package mechanism. (Michael McLay and Case Roole)
Removed Pmw.py and PmwLazy files. Added __init__.py, PmwLoader.py and Pmw.def files. (Case Roole)
Applications can now specify at runtime which version of Pmw to use and also which alpha versions, if any. (Case Roole)
Modified Pmw code for the version of Tkinter released with python 1.5.
Release of version 0.6
5 January 1998
Fixed alpha version handling so that alpha versions do not have to supply PmwBase.py and PmwUtils.py. (Case Roole)
Added example alpha directory and documentation. (Case Roole)
7 January 1998
Added selectmode option to Pmw.RadioSelect megawidget. (Roman Sulzhyk)
Added some changes to Pmw.ScrolledCanvas to get around some bugs. (Joe Saltiel)
Release of version 0.6.1
8 January 1998
Added some more changes to Pmw.ScrolledCanvas. (from Joe Saltiel)
12 January 1998
Added Pmw.OptionMenu megawidget. (Roman Sulzhyk)
20 February 1998
Added new Pmw.MenuBar features to delete menus and menuitems, enable and disable menu bar and to add cascade menus. (Rob Pearson)
Added extra arguments to Pmw.Color.spectrum for more control over color choice.
23 February 1998
Added canvasbind() method to Pmw.Balloon.
Fixed demos/All.py so that it will correctly determine which Pmw version to use even if it is in a directory symlinked to the demos directory.
Removed "import DemoVersion" from all demos, except All.py, so that they will work unchanged when copied outside of the Pmw distribution.
Release of version 0.6.2
26 February 1998
Fixed PmwLoader so that it works on Macintoshes. (Jack Jansen)
2 March 1998
Fixed PmwBase and PmwBlt so that an attempt is made to dynamically load Blt before it is used. Previously only attempted to load Blt when calling showbusycursor.
16 March 1998
Added hulldestroyed() method.
Modified displayerror() function to use value given to reporterrorstofile() if it is set.
Fixed bug in Pmw.EntryField which occurred when the command option destroyed the megawidget.
Pmw.EntryField invoke method now passes on the value returned by the command function.
3 April 1998
Added Pmw.ScrolledFrame megawidget. (Joe Saltiel)
Color.rgb2hsi() now uses the built-in min()
and max()
functions.
20 April 1998
Moved time and date functions from PmwCounter.py to new file, PmwTimeFuncs.py.
Added optional separator argument to timestringtoseconds
and
datestringtojdn
functions. These functions are now stricter
when checking if a string is a valid date or time. For example,
it now checks for correct day in month, month in year, etc. These
changes also affect the Pmw.Counter date and time validators.
The datestringtojdn
function now accepts all combinations of
'd', 'm', 'y' as format string.
Moved functions to bottom of file and class to top of file in PmwEntryField.py and PmwCounter.py.
The validation for Pmw.EntryField integer, hexadecimal and real types now use string.atol or string.atof rather than regular expressions.
The validation for the Pmw.EntryField real type accepts a separator argument, for those who prefer a comma instead of a full stop/period/point as the decimal dividing symbol.
The Pmw.EntryField time* and date_* validators have been removed. The functionality can be replaced by using the new time and date validators with min and max fields.
The Pmw.EntryField maxwidth option has been removed. The functionality can be replaced by using the max field of the validator.
Added an extravalidators option to Pmw.EntryField. This allows new types of validation to be added, particularly in classes derived from Pmw.EntryField. It also allows the use of different names for the same validation, by using aliases. Added SpecialEntry demo to show extravalidators option, based on work by Joachim Schmitz.
Fixed a bug in Pmw.EntryField when combining use of value and entry_textvariable options.
The Pmw.EntryField validate option now also accepts a dictionary to handle minimum and maximum validation and to allow the passing of other arguments to the validating functions, such as date, time and number formats and separators.
Fixed bug in Pmw.EntryField where the entry would scroll to the start of the text if an invalid character was typed.
Added checkentry() method to Pmw.EntryField, so that it can be updated if the entry widget is tied to a textvariable.
10 May 1998
The activate() method now takes a geometry option to allow more flexible positioning of the modal dialog.
Fixed rarely occurring bug in deactivate() method if it is called (perhaps from a timer) during the call to wait_visibility() in the activate() method. This bug used to generate an error and the application would not exit properly.
Fixed another rarely occurring bug in deactivate() method if it is called while another application has the grab.
Removed "sys.exc_traceback = None" for except clauses which used to be required by python 1.4 so that references to objects in the stack trace would not be left.
Now uses sys.exc_info() function when displaying exception traceback.
The state option of Pmw.Balloon and the orient option of several others now generate an exception if they have a bad value.
Added a deactivatecommand option to Pmw.MegaToplevel which can be used, for example, to cancel timers.
Made changes to Pmw.Counter so that the entry display continuously changes when arrow key presses are repeated quickly.
Made changes to Pmw.Counter so that the insertion cursor is maintained while counting and the entry scrolls to the end if the value is long.
Pmw.Counter now behaves correctly when counting past the maximum and minimum values of the EntryField.
28 May 1998
Made all Pmw.EntryField standard validators publicly available
as Pmw.numericvalidator
, etc.
Now uses faster string.replace()
instead of regsub.gsub()
when
applicable.
If the balloonHelp argument of the Pmw.Balloon bind methods is None, no balloon is displayed.
Merged the code from the PmwUtils module (forwardmethods()) into PmwBase, since it was always used, was used nowhere else, and made freezing a little more complicated.
Added a short delay between calling Tkinter bell() method (sounds nicer).
The functions datestringtojdn()
and timestringtoseconds()
now
return ValueError on invalid input.
Created bundlepmw.py, to help when freezing in Pmw. Placed in bin directory.
29 May 1998
Fixed rare bug in Pmw.Counter which occured if the counter was unmapped while the mouse button was held down over an arrow button.
Created contrib directory and placed PmwVerticalGuage.py in it. (Chris Wright)
Patched PmwNoteBookR.py. (Siggy Brentrup)
Added addoptions() method to Pmw.MegaArchetype class. (Dieter Maurer)
By default, MenuBar creates hotkeys for menus and menu items for keyboard traversal. Added traversSpec argument to MenuBar add methods. (Michael McLay)
31 May 1998
Cleaned up bbox() methods in Pmw.ScrolledCanvas and Pmw.ScrolledListBox.
The createcomponent() method now disallows the creation of component names containing an underscore, since the query functions would not be able to find them.
2 June 1998
Release of version 0.7
3 June 1998
Moved Pmw.TreeBrowse megawidget to contrib directory.
17 June 1998
Added PmwFullTimeCounter.py to contrib directory (Daniel Michelson)
1 July 1998
Changed mispelt file PmwVerticalGuage.py to PmwVerticalGauge.py in contrib directory.
7 July 1998
Fixed bug in Pmw.Counter real datatype. Sometimes incorrectly counted negative decimal fractions. (Reported by David Ascher)
12 July 1998
The format argument of Pmw.datestringtojdn() now defaults to 'ymd'.
Removed Tkinter_test.py from tests since it does not test any Pmw functionality (only Tkinter) and it fails under MS-Windows 95.
23 August 1998
Changed several exception types to be more consistent.
Made the interface to Pmw.Blt.Vector more like the builtin python list type.
It is no longer an error to call Pmw.setversion() or Pmw.setalphaversions() after initialisation, as long as the requested version matches the actual version.
Fixed Pmw.NoteBookR so that it behaves better when the highlightthickness is changed.
The setyearpivot() function now returns a tuple containing the old values of pivot and century.
Added PmwFileDialog.py to contrib directory (Rob Hooft)
Modified demos so that full tracebacks are displayed if an error occurs when importing a module.
Removed justify() method from Pmw.ScrolledListBox, since it is just a wrapper around the xview and yview methods of the listbox. Also, it was not a permanent justification, as the name implied.
20 September 1998
Changed implementation of Pmw.ScrolledCanvas.
Added borderframe option to Pmw.ScrolledText and Pmw.ScrolledCanvas.
18 October 1998
Major overhaul of all scrolled widgets. Modified all to use similar structure, given the peculiarities of each. Fixed several subtle bugs.
Pmw.ScrolledFrame: now uses a frame positioned within a clipping frame using the place geometry manager. Added borderframe, horizflex, horizfraction, usehullsize, vertflex, vertfraction options. Added reposition() method. Removed getFrame() method; use interior() method instead.
Pmw.ScrolledListBox: added usehullsize option.
Pmw.ScrolledText: added borderframe and usehullsize options.
Pmw.ScrolledCanvas: simplified widget structure. Added borderframe, canvasmargin, scrollmargin and usehullsize options. Added label.
Modified Pmw.OptionMenu to use standard widgets rather than call tcl procedure. Added initialitem option. Now handles menubutton_textvariable component option correctly.
1 November 1998
Documented more Pmw functions and Pmw.ComboBox.
15 November 1998
Fixed some bugs, cleaned up code and wrote documentation for Pmw.Group. Removed ringpadx and ringpady options, since this functionality is more generally available by padding the megawidget itself and by padding the children of the megawidget. Modified Pmw.aligngrouptags so that it takes into account the borderwidth and highlightthickness of the ring and so that it works when there is no tag widget. Added tagindent option.
18 November 1998
Renamed canvasbind() and canvasunbind() methods of Pmw.Balloon to tagbind() and tagunbind() and modified so that they work with both Tkinter.Canvas items and Tkinter.Text tagged items.
19 November 1998
Added havebltbusy() method to Pmw.Blt. (Robin Becker)
21 November 1998
Modified contrib/PmwFileDialog.py so that when a file is selected with the mouse, the highlight (in the file list) persists and the file list does not scroll to the top. (Rob Hooft)
Modified Pmw.Balloon so that it can be bound to a tag associated with several Canvas or Text items. (Magnus Kessler)
21 November 1998
Cleaned up appearance and colors of Pmw.NoteBookR tabs. (Georg Mischler)
Added buttontype option to Pmw.RadioSelect to support radiobuttons and checkbuttons. (Georg Mischler)
23 November 1998
Updated usage of bind_class(tag)
due to change in return value
in Tkinter module in python 1.5.2. (Magnus Kessler, Fredrik Lundh)
The default time displayed in Pmw.TimeCounter is now the current local time, not GMT as before.
The times displayed in the Counter demonstration are now the current local time, not GMT as before.
7 December 1998
Modified Pmw.ComboBox to take advantage of the fix to the Tkinter
bind()
method callback handling of Event.widget
in python
1.5.2. It works even if the selectioncommand destroys the
combobox. For simple comboboxes, the invoke() method now returns
the return value of the selectioncommand.
Modified Pmw.EntryField to take advantage of the fix to the
Tkinter bind()
method callback handling of Event.widget
in
python 1.5.2. It works even if a user-supplied callback
(command, invalidcommand, validator or stringtovalue)
destroys the entryfield. Cleans up correctly when destroyed. The
invoke() method now returns the return value of the command.
The invoke() method of Pmw.TimeCounter now returns the return value of the command.
Modified Pmw.ButtonBox to use the new (in Tk8.0) default option of the Tkinter Button widget instead of a separate frame. Changed default padding to be more compact. Removed "ring" frame component and "ringborderwidth", "ringpadx" and "ringpady" options. (Georg Mischler)
Changed 'pmw1' fontScheme to set default fonts only when running under posix, since the default fonts on other systems look better.
10 December 1998
Release of version 0.8
20 January 1999
Added master option to Pmw.MegaToplevel and removed master argument from the activate method.
Replaced rand module in demos with a simple random number generator (since rand is not built-in on all versions of python).
22 February 1999
Modified __init__.py
so that it only accepts directories whose
names begin with Pmw_M_N and which have a /lib/PmwLoader.py/
file.
13 May 1999
Changed Pmw.ScrolledCanvas, Pmw.ScrolledText and Pmw.ScrolledListBox to speed up scrolling if the scrollmodes are not both dynamic.
Changed busy cursor and activate/deactivate code so that it works correctly under fast mouse clicking or fast keyboarding (using accelerators). Also fixed so that grab is correctly restored after a Pmw.ComboBox popup list is unmapped inside a modal dialog. (Clemens Hintze)
Several dialogs now give focus to one of their components (listbox or entry widget) when activated. (Clemens Hintze)
Fixed Pmw.ComboBox so that it unposts popup if the combobox is unmapped and returns grab and focus correctly if destroyed.
Improved tracetk() output to be more readable. Also displays nested calls to the Tk mainloop better and shows callbacks from tcl to python.
Upgraded Blt support to blt2.4i. Graph widget is not backwards compatible with blt2.1.
19 May 1999
Fixed bug in Pmw.Balloon in placement of balloons over canvas items when the canvas was scrolled. (Tessa Lau)
20 May 1999
Added new Tk event types (new in Tk 8.0 and 8.0.5) to PmwBase error display method. Also added check for unknown event types to safeguard against future changes. (Magnus Kessler)
Added exclude argument to showbusycursor()
. (Rob Hooft)
1 June 1999
Added wrappers for Blt Stripchart and Tabset widgets. (Nick Belshaw)
Changed createcomponent() so that arguments to the constructor of the component can now be specified as either multiple trailing arguments to createcomponent() or as a single tuple argument.
7 June 1999
Added call to update_idletasks() in Pmw.ScrolledCanvas, Pmw.ScrolledFrame, Pmw.ScrolledText and Pmw.ScrolledListBox to avoid endless mapping/unmapping of two dynamic scrollbars when the window is first mapped and only one scrollbar is needed. (Reported by Mark C Favas, solution suggested by Dieter Maurer.)
10 June 1999
Fixed bug in bundlepmw.py when called with -noblt option. (Reported by Kevin O'Connor)
Pmw.ComboBox now unposts the dropdown listbox before the selection callback is invoked, to avoid problems when the callback takes a long time to run. (Reported by Randall Hopper)
11 June 1999
Release of version 0.8.1
29 June 1999
PmwMessageBar.message() now replaces newlines with spaces before displaying message. Also applies to helpmessage().
2 July 1999
Improved toplevel window positioning under NT, and stopped most of the ugly flashing.
5 July 1999
The pmw1 fontScheme is now supported under NT, as is the size
option to Pmw.initialise()
.
6 July 1999
Changed the names of positional arguments in the following methods, so that they have less chance of conflicting with keyword arguments: MegaArchetype.createcomponent(), ButtonBox.insert(), ButtonBox.add(), MenuBar.addcascademenu(), MenuBar.addmenuitem() and RadioSelect.add().
9 July 1999
Added images and example code to the megawidget reference manuals. (Suggested by Joerg Henrichs)
Fixed showbusycursor() under NT. It now calls update() instead of update_idletasks() to force display of cursor. (Solution suggested by George Howlett)
Improved display of arrows in ComboBox, Counter and TimeCounter.
16 July 1999
Removed Pmw.maxfontwidth() function, since better functionality is now supplied by the Tk "font measure" command.
Removed Pmw.fontexists() function, since in Tk8.0 all fonts exist.
28 July 1999
Fixed bug in date counter with separator other than '/' and time counter with separator other than ':'. (David M. Cooke, Alan Robinson)
Under NT, the font named 'fixed' is not fixed width, so added alias from 'Fixed' to 'Courier'.
Changed the bind()
and tagbind()
methods of Pmw.Balloon to
remove a potential memory leak. The methods now store the
funcids of the callback functions, so that if the same widget or
tag is bound twice, the balloon can remove the old bindings.
(Peter Stoehr)
Changed NoteBookR so that lowercmd, creatcmd and raisecmd are called in that order when a page is selected. Also fixed bug which always raised page 0 when notebook is resized. (Scott Evans, Charles Choi)
1 August 1999
Added dynamicGroups argument to defineoptions()
method and
modified ButtonBox, MenuBar, PanedWidget, RadioSelect to register
their dynamic groups.
Pmw.initialise()
can now be called multiple times, with
different root arguments, but only sequentially. Pmw does not
(yet) support multiple simultaneous interpreters. Modified
Pmw.EntryField so that it recreates class bindings when
Tkinter.root changes.
4 August 1999
Added relmouse option to Pmw.Balloon. Fixed Pmw.Balloon so that the balloon is not displayed off-screen. (Tessa Lau)
16 August 1999
Added disableKeyboardWhileBusy option to initialise(). To ignore keyboard input while displaying the busy cursor, Pmw sets the focus for each toplevel window to the Blt busy window. However, under NT, this causes each window to be raised. If this is not acceptable, programs running on NT can request show/hidebusycursor not to ignore keyboard input.
25 August 1999
Added Pmw.Blt.busy_forget() and used it in Pmw.hidebusycursor() when running under NT. There is a bug in the Blt busy release command under NT where it sometimes fails to display the busy cursor. Using busy forget avoids the problem.
27 September 1999
Added busyCursorName option to Pmw.initialise() and added cursor argument to Pmw.Blt.busy_hold(). (Mark Favas)
20 October 1999
Replaced Pmw.NoteBookR and Pmw.NoteBookS with completely rewritten Pmw.NoteBook.
Renamed Pmw.OptionMenu.get() to Pmw.OptionMenu.getcurselection() and Pmw.PanedWidget.remove() to Pmw.PanedWidget.delete(), to be more consistent with other megawidgets.
The index() method of several megawidgets now use Pmw.END, Pmw.SELECT and Pmw.DEFAULT instead of strings, since these may conflict with component names.
Pmw.OptionMenu.index() now uses Pmw.SELECT to return index of the currently selected menu item, rather than None.
Added destroy() method to Pmw.MegaArchetype to handle cleaning up of _hullToMegaWidget mapping.
Removed exclude argument from Pmw.showbusycursor() and added Pmw.excludefrombusycursor() function instead. (Rob Hooft)
Fixed several bugs for Windows NT.
Added Pmw.ButtonBox.button() and Pmw.RadioSelect.button().
Added Pmw.Color.bordercolors().
21 October 1999
Release of version 0.8.3. (Version 0.8.2 was not released.)
30 October 1999
Added arrownavigation option and previouspage() and nextpage() methods to Pmw.NoteBook. (Peter Funk)
Renamed the setnaturalpagesize()
method of Pmw.NoteBook to
setnaturalsize()
to be consistent with Pmw.PanedWidget.
Changed Pmw.excludefrombusycursor() to Pmw.setbusycursorattributes(). Removed busyCursorName option from Pmw.initialise() and added cursorName attribute to Pmw.setbusycursorattributes().
Added documentation source and build scripts to ftp site.
6 November 1999
Fixed memory leaks when destroying megawidgets. Added automatic check for memory leak to test script used by all tests. Pmw.initialise() now uses a hook into Tkinter.Widget.destroy rather than Tkinter.Frame.destroy to handle the case of Pmw.NoteBook being destroyed (since the notebook hull is a canvas and not a frame). Window manager delete protocol callbacks are now cleaned up. Pmw.ScrolledListBox event bindings now do not leak. (Reported by Jeff Weeks)
Removed key bindings for Pmw.ScrolledListBox except space and return keys.
20 November 1999
Fixed bug in Pmw.Balloon when the canvas or text item that triggered the balloon is deleted before the balloon is displayed by the initwait timer. (Magnus Kessler)
Added 'nograb' to globalMode option of activate()
method. (Rob Hooft)
Added __setitem__ method to Pmw.MegaArchetype, so that megawidget
options can be now set using megawidget['option'] = value
style.
(Oliver Gathmann)
27 December 1999
Converted from regex
module to re
module, since regex
is not
implemented for Jpython. (Finn Bock)
30 December 1999
Added clear()
method to Pmw.ScrolledListBox (suggested by Carson
Fenimore).
15 March 2000
Fixed problem in PmwBase when deleting windows that were created before Pmw was initialised (such as splash windows displayed while the application is coming up). (Mark Favas)
Added splash window to Pmw demo. (Mark Favas)
30 April 2000
Added Pmw.MainMenuBar megawidget, which uses the menubar feature of Tk to provide platform specific menu bars.
Fixed Pmw.Counter and several other megawidgets so that certain hull constructor keywords, such as hull_relief and hull_borderwidth, are not overriden in the constructor.
Thanks to Peter Cashin for his help on how to unpack gzipped tar files on Microsoft Windows operating systems.
Added Pmw.HistoryText megawidget. This can be used as the basis of an interactive text-based database query gui. It maintains a history of each query and allows editing of prior queries.
Added references to the Pmw.Blt.Graph documentation by Bjørn Ove Thue and Hans Petter Langtangen.
Searched for and fixed memory leaks. There are no more known memory leaks.
For commands created by bind
: these are cleaned up by Tkinter
when the widget is destroyed. Pmw.Balloon, which repeatedly
binds to the same widget (or item, using tag_bind
), has been
fixed by passing the old command into the call to unbind
or
tag_unbind
which is cleaned up by Tkinter.
For commands created by class_bind
: most class bindings are
only created once (per Tk interpreter) and so do not need to be
cleaned up. The exception is adding and deleting menus in
Pmw.MenuBar. This has now been fixed to clean up class_bind
commands when deleting menus.
Callbacks given to command, xscrollcommand, yscrollcommand, etc
options are cleaned up by Tkinter when the widget is destroyed.
Cases where Pmw repeatedly sets such options have now been fixed
to clean up the old command before configuring the new one.
These are in setitems
in Pmw.OptionMenu and when modifying the
scrollcommand options in several of the scrolled widgets.
Pmw now cleans up calbacks it registers with the WM_DELETE_WINDOW protocol for toplevel windows.
Added ManualTests.py to tests directory for tests which need to be run by hand.
12 May 2000
Release of version 0.8.4.
17 May 2000
Modified Pmw.Counter to deal with the presence (python up to 1.5.2) or absence (python 1.6 and after) of an L at the end of the ascii representation of a long. (Mark Favas)
Fixed bug in Pmw.ScrolledFrame when given invalid flex options. (Stephen D Evans)
23 January 2001
Moved Pmw home from www.dscpl.com.au to pmw.sourceforge.net.
Added pmw2 font scheme, since the font used for balloon text with pmw1 is too small on Linux.
Removed syntax coloring from code window in demos. It did not look good and the pattern matching was not always correct.
Changed font size used for demos to 12 for Unix, since 14 looked too big under Linux.
Minor fixes to tests for Tk 8.3.
8 February 2001
Release of version 0.8.5
18 February 2001
Added xview() and yview() methods to Pmw.ScrolledFrame (suggested by Christer Fernstrom).
Made tktrace output more readable.
Added noBltBusy option to Pmw.initialise.
Fixed bug where combobox dropdown list could stay mapped after entryfield was unmapped.
Improved scrolling in scrolled frame.
21 February 2001
Fixed tests for recent version of Blt graph (reported by Venkatesh Prasad Ranganath).
Fixed problem in Pmw.ScrolledFrame in python 1.5 - string.atof does not accept a number as argument, but it does in python 2.0.
24 February 2001
Modified Pmw.OptionMenu documentation to specify that list elements must be strings (problem reported by Guy Middleton).
Fixed bug in Pmw.OptionMenu where the wrong item was displayed when an integer item in the menu was selected with the mouse (even though items should be strings).
Added work around to Pmw.ScrolledFrame for bug in Tk when retrieving value from scrollbars soon after creation.
27 February 2001
Added HistoryText and MainMenuBar to bin/bundlepmw.py - accidently left out.
13 April 2001
Changed default foreground (text) of Pmw.Balloown to black. (Eric Pettersen)
Added default fontScheme to Pmw.initialise().
Added -fontscheme and -fontsize options to demo.
Added updatelayout() to Pmw.PanedWidget for use when dynamically adding and deleting panes. (G Cash)
Added move() to Pmw.PanedWidget to move panes. (G Cash)
20 April 2001
Fixed bug in Pmw.Balloon where the balloon would reappear if the mouse button was pressed down inside a widget and then, while the mouse button was being held down, the mouse was moved outside of the widget and then moved back over the widget.
Fixed bug in Pmw.Balloon when destroying widgets while the balloon was up. In this case, the balloon remained displayed even though the widget had been destroyed. (Reported by Stefan Schone.)
Fixed bug in Pmw.Balloon when destroying widgets during the initwait period. In this case, an error occurred when the initwait timer went off when it tried to access the destroyed widget. (Reported by Stefan Schone.)
Fixed Pmw.Balloon so that unbinding withdraws the balloon if the widget being unbound is the widget which triggered the balloon.
Modified Pmw.Balloon so that when deleting a canvas or text item,
tagunbind()
can be called which will withdraw the balloon if it
was triggered by the item. Unfortunately this can not be
automated as for widgets since Tk does not support <Destroy>
bindings on canvas or text items, so there is no way that
Pmw.Balloon can be notified of the deletion of an item.
Updated tests for python 2.1.
21 May 2001
Pmw.OptionMenu now defaults to taking focus (on <Tab> key).
15 May 2002
Fixed bug in Pmw.Graph.element_closest() where element names should follow option arguments. (Val Shkolnikov)
5 June 2002
Added command option to Pmw.TimeCounter.
Finished all documentation.
Fixed bug in documentation creation script which, since python 2.0, printed default values of real options (such as the horizfraction option of Pmw.ScrolledFrame) with too many digits (such as 0.050000000000000003).
Fixed bug in setgeometryanddeiconify for cygwin python (John Williams).
4 July 2002
Added master option to MegaToplevel.show()
Improved MegaToplevel.show()
so that tkraise is not called
unecessarily, thus avoiding 2 second delay under certain window
managers (such as sawfish) in most circumstances. There are still
problems with the Enlightenment window manager.
18 August 2002
Added columnheader, rowheader and rowcolumnheader components to Pmw.ScrolledText. (Rob Pearson)
Added getvalue()
and setvalue()
methods to several megawidgets
as a consistent way to set and get the user-modifiable state.
(Cimarron Taylor)
Made sub-classing simpler when no new options or components are being created. A sub-class of a Pmw megawidget does not need to have an __init__() method. If it does, it does not need to call defineoptions(). Also, initialiseoptions() no longer requires an argument (for backwards compatibility it may take an argument, but it is ignored).
24 August 2002
Release of version 1.0
26 August 2002
Minor fixes.
Release of version 1.1
4 September 2002
Added collapse, expand and toggle methods and collapsedsize option to Pmw.Group. (Rob Pearson)
5 September 2002
Added sticky option to several megawidgets.
18 September 2002
Added appendtext method to Pmw.ScrolledText. (Graham Dumpleton)
26 September 2002
Modified Pmw.ScrolledListBox to call dblclickcommand on <Double-ButtonRelease-1> rather than <Double-ButtonPress-1> which caused problems if the double button press unmapped the ScrolledListBox. In this case, the second button release of the double click is given to another widget. (Eric Pettersen)
14 June 2003
Changes for python 2.3 and Tcl/Tk 8.4.2:
Wrapped calls to cget() for Tkinter widgets in a call to str(). Before python 2.3 cget() always returned a string. Under python 2.3, Tkinter sometimes returns non-string values (such as int, or Tcl_Obj). Made similar change when using configure() to retrieve values. Fixed tests to handle integer and Tcl_Obj return value from cget(). (Charles Doutriaux)
Fixed uses of col
field of grid command. Must use full
column
under Tcl/Tk 8.4.2.
Fixed PmwEntryField.py, PmwMessageBar.py, PmwScrolledField.py so that the text is not greyed out under Tcl/Tk 8.4.2. This was caused by a change in behaviour of the 'disabled' state and the Tk entry widget. Now use new 'readonly' state for Tcl/Tk 8.4.2.
Test script now ignores Blt test for Tcl/Tk 8.4.2, since it causes Blt 2.4z to core dump. Blt needs to be fixed.
Changed Dialog test to work around problem caused by Tk 8.4.2 enforcing transient behaviour of windows. When activate() is called on a dialog whose parent is withdrawn, then the dialog window is made transient. Under old versions of Tk, the transient dialog was displayed, but under 8.4.2 the dialog is not displayed. Work around is to deiconify parent of dialog.
5 August 2003
Release of version 1.2
Pmw 1.2 - 5 Aug 2003 - Home


>
This is part of the old website. New website begins at fontforge.github.io
Are you a web developer? Help us migrate this page on Github
Both PostScript and TrueType impose some restrictions on the data that define a font. Before you save a font you should do a quick check (well... it's not always quick) to insure that you are not breaking any rules.
It's a little hard to detect this in normal use, but if you change the encoding to "Glyph Order", and then use Edit->Select->Wildcard and enter the glyph name, both of them should be selected.
It's a little hard to detect this in normal use, but if you change the encoding to "Glyph Order", and then use Edit->Select->Wildcard and enter the code point, both of them should be selected.
Validating a font can take a long time. So FontForge caches the validation state of each glyph (saving it to the sfd file so it is valid across invocations) and will only validate those glyphs which have changed since the last validation. This means that although the first validation may be slow, subsequent validations will probably be very fast -- so don't be discouraged by the time it takes to do this the first time.
(If, for some reason, you need to revalidate, then right clicking in the window will give you a menu where "Revalidate All" is an option).
The Validation window will recheck the state of the font as you edit it. So if you leave the window open you will see glyphs popping into the window and out of it as you create and fix problems.
If you double click on a line in the window then FontForge will open an outline glyph editing window for that glyph, and run a small version of Element->Find Problems to help you track down exactly where in the glyph the error(s) occurred.
If you right click, you will get a popup menu which has various options which may fix some of the problems in the glyph. There are also options to:
I say that these options "may" fix problems. Let me give some examples where they can't.
When the Add Good Extrema command does not fix your problem, you may be better off examining the glyph yourself and seeing if you can redesign it manually.
There is another pair of entries in the menu which sort of postpone dealing
with the issue. Consider the glyphs Aring, Ccedilla and Oogonek. Frequently
these glyphs are designed so that the accent will overlap the base letter.
One would like to leave the glyph as being made up of references, but one
would like to get rid of the overlap when the font is generated. There is
a special flag in Element->Glyph
Info->Unicode->Mark for Unlink, Remove Overlap before Save
which will make fontforge unlink a glyph's references, and then run
Element->Remove Overlap on them just before saving them. Then after saving
it will reverse the operation and leave you with the original references.
So there are a pair of menu items (one for the current glyph, one for all glyphs that meet certain criteria) which will set this flag for the relevant glyph(s). Once this flag is set FontForge will no longer report that the glyph self-intersects.


ABC Hospital Management System
Patient
Create Patient
Update Patient
Delete Patient
View All Patients
Search Patient
Pharmacy
Issue medicines
Diagnostics
Add Diagnostic
Final Billing
Logout
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Cucumber Ltd will offer commercial support and training for both Cucumber and Cucumber Pro.
Cucumber Pro will be available to beta testers in Q4 2013, with public availability in Q1 2014. More information can be found at https://cucumber.pro.
Cucumber Ltd is a company founded in 2013 by three of the lead developers of Cucumber - Aslak Hellesøy, Matt Wynne and Julien Biezemans.
Cairndow,
Argyll,
PA24 8AN,
Scotland


This Chrome extension helps web designers to take screenshots of their websites at the dimensions they will be seen at on popular mobile devices for demonstration purposes.
Please be aware that this extension does not emulate the devices listed. It simply renders websites via the Chrome browser at the specified dimensions.
The dimensions listed are browser viewport sizes rather than device screen resolutions. These are the dimensions at which the browser would render websites.
You will still need to test your website on lots of real devices. Why not start or contribute to a local device library? See LabUp! for more details..


Maharashtra Board private enrolment exam forms for classes 10, 12 available online
The fees for class X students is Rs 1,000 for registration and Rs 100 for processing.
by Express News ServiceSTUDENTS WHO want to privately enroll in examinations for classes X and XII, conducted by the Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education (MSBSHSE), must submit forms online between November 18 and 29.
The form is available on the board’s official website. The fees for class X students is Rs 1,000 for registration and Rs 100 for processing. Similarly, Rs 500 and Rs 100 will be charged as registration and processing fees for class XII students. The examinations are scheduled in February and March 2020.
The documents that must be submitted alongside are Aadhaar card, photograph and school leaving certificate, at the time of submission of the online form.


@Retention(value=RUNTIME) @Target(value=METHOD) @Documented public static @interface FieldBuilder.AbstractField
AbstractField
.FieldBuilder
| Modifier and Type | Optional Element and Description |
|---|---|
boolean |
buffered
Get whether this field is buffered.
|
String |
caption
Get the caption associated with this field.
|
String |
conversionError
Get error message when value cannot be converted to data model type.
|
Class<? extends Converter> |
converter
Get the
Converter type that convert field value to data model type. |
String |
description
Get the description associated with this field.
|
boolean |
enabled
Get whether this field is enabled.
|
String |
height
Get height.
|
boolean |
immediate
Get whether this field is immediate.
|
boolean |
invalidAllowed
Get whether invalid values are allowed.
|
boolean |
invalidCommitted
Get whether invalid values should be committed.
|
boolean |
readOnly
Get whether this field is read-only.
|
boolean |
required
Get whether field is required.
|
String |
requiredError
Get the error that is shown if this field is required, but empty.
|
String[] |
styleNames
Get style names.
|
int |
tabIndex
Get tabular index.
|
Class<? extends AbstractField> |
type
Get the
AbstractField type that will edit the property. |
boolean |
validationVisible
Get whether automatic visible validation is enabled.
|
Class<? extends Validator>[] |
validators
Get
Validator types to add to this field. |
String |
width
Get width.
|
public abstract Class<? extends AbstractField> type
AbstractField
type that will edit the property.
Although this property has a default value, it must be overridden either in this annotation, or
by also including a more specific annotation such as TextField
.
public abstract String[] styleNames
AbstractComponent.addStyleName(java.lang.String)
public abstract String width
AbstractComponent.setWidth(String)
public abstract String height
AbstractComponent.setHeight(String)
public abstract String caption
AbstractComponent.setCaption(java.lang.String)
public abstract String description
AbstractComponent.setDescription(java.lang.String)
public abstract boolean enabled
AbstractComponent.setEnabled(boolean)
public abstract boolean immediate
AbstractComponent.setImmediate(boolean)
public abstract boolean readOnly
AbstractComponent.setReadOnly(boolean)
public abstract Class<? extends Converter> converter
Converter
type that convert field value to data model type.
The specified class must have a no-arg constructor and compatible type.
The default value of this property is Converter
, which means do not set a specific
Converter
on the field.
AbstractField.setConverter(Converter)
public abstract Class<? extends Validator>[] validators
Validator
types to add to this field. All such types must have no-arg constructors.AbstractField.addValidator(com.vaadin.data.Validator)
public abstract boolean buffered
AbstractField.setBuffered(boolean)
public abstract boolean invalidAllowed
AbstractField.setInvalidAllowed(boolean)
public abstract boolean invalidCommitted
AbstractField.setInvalidCommitted(boolean)
public abstract String conversionError
AbstractField.setConversionError(java.lang.String)
public abstract String requiredError
AbstractField.setRequiredError(java.lang.String)
public abstract boolean validationVisible
AbstractField.setValidationVisible(boolean)
public abstract boolean required
AbstractField.setRequired(boolean)
public abstract int tabIndex
AbstractField.setTabIndex(int)
Copyright © 2017. All rights reserved.


A dog is a type of domesticated animal. Known for its loyalty and faithfulness, it can be found as a welcome guest in many households across the world.
{{ panel.name }} content


Simple roulette wheel created on a canvas. Press the spin button to trigger the spin
Published on Github Pages using html, css and jquery.
Github Pages
html, css and jquery


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vData
Fire Department
simple incident
Mongo DB Address:
127.0.0/simple-incident
Chart Options:
📍History
🔭Prediction
🔮Explore
🚒Dispatch
Version:
1.0.2
help
Click on the dots to view more details of an accident
visor-vu/2017/analytics dashboard
Nashville Map
Please choose a date interval
🔸 dates more than 14 days apart will appear golden
Waiting For User Input
Summary:
{#
#}
Show Incidents
Hide Responding Vehicles
Generate new heatmap
Toggle heatmap
Change heatmap gradient
Toggle Zones
Model Updated at:
Click to refresh model
🗓 From:
To:
Submit dates
Bar Chart - Level of Severity:
Waiting For User Input
Pie Chart - %Types of Incidents:
Waiting For User Input
School of Engineering | Vanderbilt University | Nashville, TN
visor-vu/dashboard


@import helper._
@(addFlightForm : Form[models.Flight])
@main("Add Flight"){
Add a new Flight
@form(action = routes.HomeController.addFlightSubmit(), 'class -> "form-horizontal", 'role->"form"){
@inputText(addFlightForm("flightDate"),'_label ->"Flight Date", 'class -> "form-control")
@inputText(addFlightForm("depTime"), '_label -> "Departure Time",'class -> "form-control")
@inputText(addFlightForm("arrTime"), '_label -> "Arrival Time",'class -> "form-control")
@inputText(addFlightForm("aircraftID"), '_label -> "aircraftID",'class -> "form-control")
@inputText(addFlightForm("routeID"), '_label -> "routeID",'class -> "form-control")
}
}


Army helicopters sent in to rescue dozens stranded at Centurion hotel
by IAVAN PIJOOS and Naledi ShangeThe air force was called in on Monday to rescue numerous people trapped by flood waters as heavy rain continued to pelt Centurion.
ER24 spokesperson Russel Meiring said two air force helicopters had been brought in to help rescue people trapped in a hotel in Centurion, adding that paramedics were also part of the rescue operation.
Visuals of the chopper hovering around the hotel airlifting people have been circulated on social media.
Earlier, Tshwane emergency services told TimesLIVE that more than 30 people were stranded at the Centurion Hotel on Monday afternoon due to flooding. Visuals taken from bystanders with a view of the hotel showed how vehicles parked in the courtyard were swept away in the rising waters.
EMS spokesperson Charles Mabaso said 35 stranded people were moved to higher floors of the hotel.
“I can confirm that we have also learnt of an evacuation taking place at the hotel. Earlier when we spoke to management they had moved to the upper floors. The flooding is at the ground floor,” he said.
Meanwhile, several shacks at an informal settlement in Eerste Fabrieke, Mamelodi, have been swept away.
"We got a number of shack dwellers trapped there because of the high water. A number of them are on rooftops but we have emergency services and water technicians there," said Mabaso.
"Earlier we had reports that two children had been swept away by the water in that area, but it is not confirmed."
Displaced shack dwellers would be given alternative accommodation at Mamelodi Hall, he said.
Mabaso confirmed that several vehicles were underwater in Moloto, Pretoria north.
"We had to rescue people from a bridge there."
Informal settlements in Soshanguve were also flooded, as were low-water bridges on Rabie and End streets.
Mabaso said emergency services remained on high alert.
Twitter users have posted the extent of the flooding.
The weather service reported the following rainfall figures over the 24 hours between 8am on Sunday and 8am on Monday:
- 103mm in Irene;
- 103mm in Ermelo; and
- 96mm at the University of South Africa’s rainfall station in Pretoria.
Areas around the Apies River in the north of Pretoria, the Centurion Lake area and Nelmapius in Pretoria East have also been affected by the flooding.
In Johannesburg, the municipality's EMS spokesperson Robert Mulaudzi said there had not yet been any major flood-related incidents.
“However, we are monitoring most of our low-lying areas, like Kaalfontein in Midrand, Klip Valley in Soweto and the Jukskei River in Alexandra,” he said.
Saws spokesperson Hannelee Doubell encouraged the public to keep an eye on the service's Twitter account for updates.
- Additional reporting by Phathu Luvhengo.


--- layout: newsstory title: CRISP PAIR BEATS SORRY WORCESTER match: Yeltz 2 Worcester 1 ---
There was a lot of talk at the start of the season of Worcester being favourites for promotion. I don't think our performance so far has been much to gloat about, but whereas we're solidly in mid-table, they are stuck second from bottom.
An early penalty and a 70th minute winner from top scorer Richard Crisp led to a welcome three points after a couple of defeats in the League. We've had some excellent match reports so far so hopefully more details will appear ASAP.
Saturday puts us back on the Road to Wemberlee with the visit of Western Division Sutton Coldfield to The Grove in the FA Trophy. I'm out of the country on business for most of the week, so if the site gets updated even slower than usual, I can only apologise in advance.


{% extends "selvbetjening/base.html" %} {% comment %} By default we are providing a basic bootstrap styling of the website. Overwrite this file if you want to provide your own stylesheets. {% endcomment %}


2018–12–04: Version 1.6 — Update the function documentation.
2019–01–28: Version 2.00 — Systematic update of all routines to implement stricter coding standards and improve documentation.
2019–08–20: Version 2.1.0 — Adopt revised coding and documentation standards (in particular regarding the assignment of numeric return codes), and switch to 3-parts version identifiers.
Purpose: This function converts the value of the alphanumeric positional parameter arg
into a string without any white space in the front or at the back.
Algorithm: This routine converts the input positional parameter arg
to a STRING
and strips any white space in the front or back.
Syntax: res = strstr(arg, DEBUG = debug, EXCPT_COND = excpt_cond)
Positional parameters [Input/Output]:
arg {alphanumeric} [I]:
The alphanumeric input variable to process.
Keyword parameters [Input/Output]:
DEBUG = debug {INT} [I] (Default value: 0):
Flag to activate (1
) or skip (0
) debugging tests.
EXCPT_COND = excpt_cond {STRING} [O] (Default value: ”):
Description of the exception condition if one has been encountered, or a null string otherwise.
Returned value type: STRING
.
Outcome:
If no exception condition has been detected, this function returns the string representation of the input positional parameter arg
to the calling routine, and the keyword parameter excpt_cond
is set to a null string, if the optional input keyword parameter DEBUG
is set and if the optional output keyword parameter EXCPT_COND
is provided.
If an exception condition has been detected, this function returns a null string and the keyword parameter excpt_cond
contains a message about the exception condition encountered, if the optional input keyword parameter DEBUG
is set and if the optional output keyword parameter EXCPT_COND
is provided.
Exception conditions:
Error 100: One or more positional parameter(s) are missing.
Error 110: Positional parameter arg
is not of type alphanumeric.
Error 200: Unexpected condition, check the type of input positional parameter arg
.
Dependencies:
is_alphanum.pro
is_numeric.pro
is_string.pro
strstr.pro
Remarks:
Note 1: The input positional parameter arg
can be an array, in which case each array element is converted into a string without any blank space in the front or at the back.
Note 2: Note that if an exception condition is encountered, this function calls itself recursively to output the corresponding message.
Examples:
IDL> pi = 3.14159
IDL> PRINT, pi
3.14159
IDL> res = strstr(pi)
IDL> PRINT, res
3.14159
IDL> a = ' Hello '
IDL> PRINT, '>' + a + '<'
> Hello <
IDL> res = strstr(a)
IDL> PRINT, '>' + res + '<'
>Hello<
IDL> a = CREATE_STRUCT('A', 1, 'B', 'xxx')
IDL> res = strstr(a, /DEBUG, EXCPT_COND = excpt_cond)
IDL> PRINT, '>' + res + '<'
><
IDL> PRINT, excpt_cond
Error 110 in routine STRSTR: Input positional
parameter arg is not an alphanumeric expression.
IDL> b = [' Hello ', ' World ']
IDL> res = strstr(b)
IDL> PRINT, '>' + res[0] + '<' + ' ' + '>' + res[1] + '<'
>Hello< >World<
References: None.
Versioning:
2017–07–05: Version 0.9 — Initial release.
2017–11–20: Version 1.0 — Initial public release.
2018–01–15: Version 1.1 — Implement optional debugging.
2018–06–01: Version 1.5 — Implement new coding standards.
2019–01–28: Version 2.00 — Systematic update of all routines to implement stricter coding standards and improve documentation.
2019–08–20: Version 2.1.0 — Adopt revised coding and documentation standards (in particular regarding the assignment of numeric return codes), and switch to 3-parts version identifiers.
Purpose: This function returns today’s date and time as a string in one of the following formats, specified by the optional input keyword parameter FMT
: default (keyword FMT
not set or unrecognized), iso
, jul
, julian
, nice
, usa
, ymd
or dmy
.
Algorithm: This routine implements some of the recommendations by World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) regarding simplified formats to represent dates and times, as provided originally by the ISO 8601 standard. It relies on the IDL
function SYSTIME
to generate the information (in IDL
’s format) and reformats the result as described below.
Syntax: res = today(FMT = fmt)
Positional parameters [Input/Output]: None.
Keyword parameters [Input/Output]:
FMT = fmt {STRING} [I]:
Set this optional keyword to iso
, jul
, julian
, nice
, usa
, ymd
or dmy
to generate the return value in a format different from the default. If the value of this keyword is not set or unrecognized, the result will be formatted according to the default format.
Returned value type: STRING
.
Outcome:
This function returns today’s date to the calling routine in one of the following formats:
If the keyword FMT
is NOT set (default), or is unrecognized, the current date and time are provided as a string formatted like YYYY-MM-DD_hh:mm:ss
.
If the keyword FMT
is set to iso
, the current date and time are provided as a string formatted like YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ssZ
.
If the keyword FMT
is set to jul
, the current date is provided as the current Julian day number, i.e., a STRING
representation of a LONG
integer.
If the keyword FMT
is set to julian
, the current date and time are provided as the current Julian day number and time, i.e., a STRING
representation of a DOUBLE
floating point number.
If the keyword FMT
is set to nice
, the current date and time are provided as a string formatted like YYYY-MM-DD at hh:mm:ss
.
If the keyword FMT
is set to usa
, the current date is provided as a string formatted like Mo DD, YYYY
, where Mon
is a 3-character string abreviation of the month name.
If the keyword FMT
is set to ymd
, the current date is provided as a string formatted like YYYY-MM-DD
.
If the keyword FMT
is set to dmy
, the current date is provided as a string formatted like DD Month YYYY
, where Month
is the month name, spelled out in full.
This routine does not provide diagnostic information on exception conditions.
Exception conditions: None.
Dependencies: None.
Remarks:
Note 1: The format option FMT
can be specified in either upper or lower (or even mixed) case.
Note 2: This routine does not (currently) attempt to report on the time zone.
Note 3: The output formats nice
and usa
may be less desirable for use in filenames because of the presence of blank characters.
Examples:
IDL> res = today()
IDL> PRINT, res
2017-03-09_20-56-45
IDL> res = today(FMT = 'nice')
IDL> PRINT, res
2017-03-09 at 20:57:14
IDL> res = today(FMT = 'ymd')
IDL> PRINT, res
2017-03-09
References:
Web page: https://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime
.
Versioning:
2017–07–05: Version 0.9 — Initial release.
2017–11–20: Version 1.0 — Initial public release.
2018–01–15: Version 1.1 — Implement optional debugging.
2019–01–04: Version 1.2 — Add the optional output formats jul
and julday
.
2019–01–28: Version 2.00 — Systematic update of all routines to implement stricter coding standards and improve documentation.
2019–08–20: Version 2.1.0 — Adopt revised coding and documentation standards (in particular regarding the assignment of numeric return codes), and switch to 3-parts version identifiers.
2020–01–27: Version 2.1.1 — Add the optional keyword value dmy
and update the documentation.
Purpose: This function sorts and sifts two one-dimensional arrays of identical type and dimensions, retaining only the couples of unique values while maintaining the correspondance between elements of the same rank in each input array.
Algorithm: This function combines the two input positional parameter arrays into a single STRING
array, sorts and sifts it to eliminate duplicates, and then splits it back into arrays of the original type but containing only unique pairs of corresponding values.
Syntax: rc = uniq2(in_array_1, in_array_2, out_array_1, out_array_2, $
DEBUG = debug, EXCPT_COND = excpt_cond)
Positional parameters [Input/Output]:
in_array_1 [I]:
An arbitrary array.
in_array_2 [I]:
An arbitrary array of the same type and size as in_array_1
.
out_array_1 [O]:
An array of the same type and size as in_array_1
containing the elements of in_array_1
which are uniquely associated with elements of in_array_2
.
out_array_2 [O]:
An array of the same type and size as in_array_1
containing the elements of in_array_2
which are uniquely associated with elements of in_array_1
.
Keyword parameters [Input/Output]:
DEBUG = debug {INT} [I] (Default value: 0):
Flag to activate (1
) or skip (0
) debugging tests.
EXCPT_COND = excpt_cond {STRING} [O] (Default value: ”):
Description of the exception condition if one has been encountered, or a null string otherwise.
Returned value type: INT
.
Outcome:
If no exception condition has been detected, this function returns 0
, and the output keyword parameter excpt_cond
is set to a null string, if the optional input keyword parameter DEBUG
was set and if the optional output keyword parameter EXCPT_COND
was provided in the call. The positional parameters out_array_1
and out_array_2
contain the unique combinations of values of the input positional parameters.
If an exception condition has been detected, this function returns a non-zero error code, and the output keyword parameter excpt_cond
contains a message about the exception condition encountered, if the optional input keyword parameter DEBUG
is set and if the optional output keyword parameter EXCPT_COND
is provided. The output positional parameters may be undefined, inexistent, incomplete or useless.
Exception conditions:
Error 100: One or more positional parameter(s) are missing.
Error 110: Both input positional parameters in_array_1
and in_array_2
must be arrays.
Error 120: The input positional parameters in_array_1
and in_array_2
must be of the same size.
Error 130: The input positional parameters in_array_1
and in_array_2
must be of the same type.
Dependencies:
is_array.pro
strstr.pro
type_of.pro
Remarks:
Note 1: The positional parameters in_array_1
and in_array_2
can be of any alphanumeric type, but must be defined.
Examples:
IDL> in_array_1 = [1.1, 1.1, 2.2, 2.2, 3.3, 3.3, $
4.4, 4.4, 4.4, 2.2, 5.5]
IDL> in_array_2 = [0.0, 0.0, 1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 3.3, $
3.3, 4.4, 3.3, 2.2, 6.1]
IDL> rc = uniq2(in_array_1, in_array_2, out_array_1, out_array_2, $
/DEBUG, EXCPT_COND = excpt_cond)
IDL> PRINT, 'rc = ' + strstr(rc) + ', excpt_cond = >' + $
excpt_cond + '<'
rc = 0, excpt_cond = ><
IDL> PRINT, out_array_1
1.10000 2.20000 2.20000 3.30000 4.40000 4.40000 5.50000
IDL> PRINT, out_array_2
0.00000 1.10000 2.20000 3.30000 3.30000 4.40000 6.10000
References: None.
Versioning:
2018–04–29: Version 0.9 — Initial release.
2018–05–14: Version 1.0 — Initial public release.
2018–06–01: Version 1.5 — Implement new coding standards.
2019–01–28: Version 2.00 — Systematic update of all routines to implement stricter coding standards and improve documentation.
2019–02–28: Version 2.01 — Documentation update.
2019–08–20: Version 2.1.0 — Adopt revised coding and documentation standards (in particular regarding the assignment of numeric return codes), and switch to 3-parts version identifiers.


The standard radiative feedback framework assumes that the response of the system can be expressed as a linear function of the surface temperature. It is a very useful approximation but some processes cannot be expressed in terms of functions of single variables and the radiative feedback framework has to be adjusted to capture changes in the system not directly related to surface temperature 91, 92. Moreover, assuming linearity in feedbacks fails in many cases, as can be expected for a system as complex as the Earth’s climate. For example, the magnitude of the climate feedback parameter λ generally decreases with time in climate models after a rise in atmospheric CO 2 concentration, corresponding to increasing climate sensitivity as equilibrium is approached 32, 76, 92. λ may also depend on the magnitude of the perturbation 87, 93– 95.
The non-linearity of the feedbacks can be described in different ways. A simple definition will be used here: the feedback is non-linear if the feedback factor γ is not constant. Non-linearities can be caused by several processes. The strength of the feedback can be a function of the state of the system. This state dependence can often be expressed as a time dependence when the state changes with time. Furthermore, the different processes controlling the response to a perturbation may have different time scales. Their relative contribution to local and global scale feedbacks may thus evolve leading to spatially or temporally non-constant feedback factors 76, 92, 96.
In polar regions, the presence of different phases of water implies that many feedback parameters display a particularly strong dependence on the state of the system near the freezing point and are thus highly non-linear. For instance, phase changes play an important role in polar clouds leading to non-linearities in the cloud feedback 32, 34, 39, 40. Furthermore, feedbacks related to the cryosphere generally depend on the surface area covered by snow or ice. As temperatures rise, this area decreases and the feedback strength is reduced. This is illustrated 87 in Fig. 2 for the surface albedo feedback in response to three consecutive doublings of CO 2 in the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3). At many latitudes, the value of the feedback factor is smaller for the third doubling (8 × CO 2–4 × CO 2) than it is for the first (2 × CO 2–CNTL). Between 50°S and 60°S the feedback approaches zero for the third doubling, since the Southern Ocean is already ice-free at these latitudes in the 4xCO 2 climate, and no further melting can occur. On the other hand, the value of the feedback factor increases at northern high latitudes (75°N–90°N), as the sea ice edge retreats within the central Arctic at high warming.
Nonlinearity in the surface albedo feedback factor for three consecutive doublings of CO 2. The feedback factor, defined as the ratio of the magnitude of the albedo feedback on the Planck feedback, is calculated using the radiative kernel technique 85 and zonal averages are plotted for three consecutive doublings of CO 2 concentrations in CCSM3. The global average feedback factor decreases 87 from 0.097 for 2xCO 2–CNTL to 0.053 for 8xCO 2–4xCO 2


License
Do No Harm License
Preamble
Most software today is developed with little to no thought of how it will be used, or the consequences for our society and planet.
As software developers, we engineer the infrastructure of the 21st century. We recognise that our infrastructure has great power to shape the world and the lives of those we share it with, and we choose to consciously take responsibility for the social and environmental impacts of what we build.
We envisage a world free from injustice, inequality, and the reckless destruction of lives and our planet. We reject slavery in all its forms, whether by force, indebtedness, or by algorithms that hack human vulnerabilities. We seek a world where humankind is at peace with our neighbours, nature, and ourselves. We want our work to enrich the physical, mental and spiritual wellbeing of all society.
We build software to further this vision of a just world, or at the very least, to not put that vision further from reach.
Terms
Copyright © (2021) Ambrose Hayes.All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
- Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
- Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
- This software must not be used by any organisation, website, product or service that:
- lobbies for, promotes, or derives a majority of income from actions that support or contribute to:
- sex trafficking
- human trafficking
- slavery
- indentured servitude
- gambling
- tobacco
- adversely addictive behaviours
- nuclear energy
- warfare
- weapons manufacturing
- war crimes
- violence (except when required to protect public safety)
- burning of forests
- deforestation
- hate speech or discrimination based on age, gender, gender identity, race, sexuality, religion, nationality
- lobbies against, or derives a majority of income from actions that discourage or frustrate:
- peace
- access to the rights set out in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Convention on the Rights of the Child
- peaceful assembly and association (including worker associations) * a safe environment or action to curtail the use of fossil fuels or prevent climate change
- democratic processes
- All redistribution of source code or binary form, including any modifications must be under these terms. You must inform recipients that the code is governed by these conditions, and how they can obtain a copy of this license. You may not attempt to alter the conditions of who may/may not use this software.
Definitons
Forests to be 0.5 or more hectares of trees that were either planted more than 50 years ago or were not planted by humans or human made equipment.
Deforestationto be the clearing, burning or destruction of 0.5 or more hectares of forests within a 1 year period.


I am experienced in leveraging Data Science to provide a robust solutions for Data Science related problem statement's. Iterative approaches to corporate strategy foster collaborative thinking to further the overall value proposition.
Use data science to generate business insights.
Map business requirements to data science problem statement and design & implement solution.
Communicate with multiple stakeholders and give demo's .
Design & Implement multiple data science products from requirements phase to deployment phase.
With multiple data science products, reduced manual intervention, implemented automation and increased solution accuracy from 35% to 55%.
Debug product and provide fix for customer issues.
Podcasting operational change management inside of workflows to establish a framework.
Taking seamless key performance indicators offline to maximise the long tail.
Keeping your eye on the ball while performing a deep dive on the start-up mentality to derive convergence on cross-platform integration.
Collaboratively administrate empowered markets via plug-and-play networks.
Dynamically procrastinate B2C users after installed base benefits.
Dramatically visualize customer directed convergence without revolutionary ROI.
 I like jogging, short ride's within city, long ride's outside the city, trip's to multiple well known places & mountain hiking.
When forced indoors, I follow a number of sci-fi, fantasy, comedy and suspense genre movies and television shows, I spend some time helping parents in preparing food and house works, and I spend a large amount of my free time exploring the latest technolgy advancements in data science world.


public abstract class TemporaryObject
extends java.lang.Object
| Modifier | Constructor and Description |
|---|---|
protected |
TemporaryObject(java.util.List<DirectedEdge> edges)
Construct a new TemporaryObject.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
java.awt.geom.Rectangle2D |
getBounds()
Get the bounds of this object.
|
java.util.List<DirectedEdge> |
getEdges()
Get the edges of this object.
|
TemporaryObject |
getNeighbour(DirectedEdge edge)
Get the neighbour through a particular edge.
|
java.awt.Shape |
getShape()
Get the Shape of this object.
|
boolean |
isDuplicate(TemporaryObject other)
Check if this object is a duplicate of another.
|
boolean |
isEntirelyInside(TemporaryObject other)
Check if this object is a entirely inside another.
|
java.util.List<GMLCoordinates> |
makeGMLCoordinates()
Turn the edges into a list of coordinates.
|
protected void |
replaceEdge(Edge edge,
java.util.Collection<Edge> replacements)
Replace an edge with a set of replacement edges.
|
void |
setNeighbour(DirectedEdge edge,
TemporaryObject neighbour)
Set the neighbour through a particular edge.
|
void |
setNeighbour(Edge edge,
TemporaryObject neighbour)
Set the neighbour through a particular edge.
|
protected TemporaryObject(java.util.List<DirectedEdge> edges)
edges
- The edges of the object in counter-clockwise order.public java.util.List<DirectedEdge> getEdges()
public TemporaryObject getNeighbour(DirectedEdge edge)
edge
- The edge to look up.public void setNeighbour(DirectedEdge edge, TemporaryObject neighbour)
edge
- The edge to set the neighbour of.neighbour
- The new neighbour for that edge.public void setNeighbour(Edge edge, TemporaryObject neighbour)
edge
- The edge to set the neighbour of.neighbour
- The new neighbour for that edge.public java.util.List<GMLCoordinates> makeGMLCoordinates()
public java.awt.geom.Rectangle2D getBounds()
public java.awt.Shape getShape()
public boolean isDuplicate(TemporaryObject other)
other
- The other object to check against.public boolean isEntirelyInside(TemporaryObject other)
other
- The other object to check against.


You will be presented with a random selection of available LCBO products available for a store and category of your choice.
wine
spirits
beer
ciders
coolers
gifts
#Products to recommend:
1
recommend
cancel
consume
Attribute
Value
Some attribute's name
Some attribute's value
product name
Item Quantity:
Cost:
, you have now purchased
 worth of liquor, be sober and kind to your guests!
a selected product


USP partners with the Human Rights Immigration Clinic at Boalt Law School to provide consultation and legal aid to undocumented students only. Allison Davenport & Olivia Layug serve as the primary contacts. The most commonly requested legal services are regarding: DACA, DACA Renewal, U & T Visas, Advanced Parole, and general consultation.
*The Process
*
Allison & Olivia monitor and manage the email account:
<EMAIL_ADDRESS>The USP Counselor/Coordinator manages appointment requests on the following google survey form
"Legal Support Appointment Request.
This form is advertised to students on the
USP website
and is used to coordinate appointments, office hours, etc.
If room reservations are needed for meeting space in Chavez, room 112, 115, 116 are good spaces to use. Students' appointments are recorded on the front desk calendar legal support and they are checked into Quincy when they check in for appointment in 119 Chavez. When students meet with our legal support team to do DACA or DACA Renewal, they are eligible to receive a check for $465 to DHS.