Student demographics are always changing.
Asia supplies a dominant 75% of all international students currently enrolled at UNL. The number of Chinese students has nearly tripled over the last 5 years.
Since 2008, UNL has had students from 148 countries. Check it out.


An Introduction to Word Embeddings - Part 2: Problems and Theory
Subspace embedding is a powerful tool to simplify the matrix calculation and analyze high dimensional data, especially for sparse matrix.
Nowadays, dimensionality is a serious problem of data analysis as the huge data we experience today results in very sparse sets and very high dimensions. Although, data scientists have long used tools such as principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) to project the high-dimensional data onto a subspace, but all those techniques reply on the computation of the eigenvectors of a $n \times n$ matrix, a very expensive operation (e.g., spectral decomposition) for high dimension $n$. Moreover, even though eigenspace has many important properties, it does not lead good approximations for many useful measures such as vector norms. We discuss another method random projection to reduce dimensionality.
This post means to give you a nutshell description of bias-variance decomposition.
Are we really stuck in the local minima rather than anything else?
This post will introduce some normalization related tricks in neural networks.
This post means to help starters to understand the math behind Gradient Descent (GD).
If you’re writing an article for this blog, please follow these guidelines.


This example shows how to use YUI 2.x and 3.x at the same time as well as interacting with each other. We will make a 2.x Calendar Control draggable with 3.x Drag & Drop and use 3.x's Node to handle the Calendar's Select Event.


Issue 120
Welcome to another issue of Haskell Weekly!  This is a weekly summary of what’s going on in its community.
Featured
-
Breaking the space-time barrier with Haskell: Time-traveling and debugging in CodeWorld
This summer, as part of Google Summer of Code, I created debugging tools to be used by students programming in the CodeWorld environment. As a current learner of Haskell and of CodeWorld, I believe tools that help users reason about logic are very useful. I wanted to help users identify breaks in logic, and reason about mathematics and code.
-
GSoC 2018 wrap-up: Haskell dataframes, Postgres type providers and more
Frames-beam is the library I worked on during Google Summer of Code 2018 as part of the Haskell.org open source organization. It is primarily intended as a extension to the Frames library, and adds Postgres as an additional data source to it.
-
Hi Haddock: Google Summer of Code is over
While the Google Summer of Code ends today, my work on Hi Haddock hasn’t finished yet. Initially I had some pretty good progress: A preview version of the GHCi
:doc
command made it into GHC 8.6. Closing this 10 year old GHC ticket felt great! -
Image processing: GSoC’18 with Haskell
This summer, I worked towards implementing different classes of image processing algorithms using Haskell and incorporating the same to the existing code base of Haskell Image Processing (HIP) package to enhance its scope.
-
lsp-test
: A functional test framework for LSP serversMy Haskell Summer of Code project,
lsp-test
, is now available via Hackage. It’s a framework for writing end-to-end tests for LSP servers, made for testinghaskell-ide-engine
. But it’s not just limited tohaskell-ide-engine
: It’s language agnostic and works with any server that conforms to the Language Server Protocol. -
The compiler by default enables 18 warnings, and you can enroll in an additional 8 with
-Wextra
, and even more with-Wall
. You’ve probably seen packages compiling with-Wall
, but did you know that-Wall
doesn’t enable all of GHC’s warnings? -
Fast Sudoku solver in Haskell #3: Picking the right data structures
In the previous part in this series of posts, we optimized the simple Sudoku solver by implementing a new strategy to prune cells, and were able to achieve a speedup of almost 200x. In this post, we are going to follow the profiler and use the right data structures to improve the solution further and make it faster.
-
I became a strong believer in FP, in strong typing, and in compilers guiding me through programming. I strongly believe that any programmer can benefit from learning Haskell. Even though I am still relatively new in this journey, I consider myself a better programmer than I was when I started this journey.
-
RFC compliant data-parallel CSV parsing
In last week’s post I described how to exploit data-parallelism to build a rank-select bit-string for a cut compatible delimeter-separated-values format, parsing 8-bytes at-a-time. In this post we will look at how to do the same for the CSV format described in RFC4180.
-
We’re going to look at a fun way to write a monadic action which alters its behaviour based on which version of a system it’s embedded in, simultaneously gaining ground on the expression problem and giving us compile-time guarantees that we haven’t accidentally mixed up code from different versions of our app!
Jobs
If you’re interested in a Haskell job, look no futher than the who’s hiring thread from the Haskell subreddit! There are no fewer than 9 companies hiring Haskellers right now.
In brief
- GHC 8.6.1-beta1 available
- Approximating compiling to categories using type-level Haskell: Take 2
curry
vsuncurry
on Hackage- Functor, Applicative, and why
- GHCanIUse
hlint-source-plugin
: Run HLint as part of normal compilation- Series spotlight: Haskell web skills
- Specifying how a plugin affects recompilation
- Type Classes: Web servers course
- Typeclass induction and developing a QuickCheck-like library
- What is new in cross compiling Haskell
Package of the week
This week’s package of the week is GRIFT, the Galois RISC-V Formal Tools. It contains a concrete representation of the semantics of the RISC-V instruction set, along with an elegant encoding/decoding mechanism, and simulation and analysis front-ends.
Call for participation
- exercism/haskell: Replace existing hello world and quicksort snippets
- goat-guardian: make sure email-login verification emails actually expire
- hasktorch: reference to -1 Word should be
subtract 1
Events
- 2018-08-16 in Durham, NC, USA by Durham Haskell Meetup: Morning Haskell coding session
- 2018-08-16 in Raleigh, NC, USA by Raleigh Haskell Meetup: (hack . yack)
- 2018-08-16 in Seattle, USA by Seattle Area Haskell Users’ Group: Category Theory for Programmers Part 3
- 2018-08-18 in Chilliwack, BC, Canada by BC Haskell Users Group: Weekly Haskell Coding Meetup
- 2018-08-18 in Bellevue, WA, USA by Seattle Area Haskell Users’ Group: General discussion
- 2018-08-18 in Boston, MA, USA by Weekly Functional Programming Meetup: Hang out, chat FP, work on some code
- 2018-08-20 in Charlottesville, VA, USA by Charlottesville Haskell Book Reading Group: Chapter 17 - Applicative
- 2018-08-20 in Irvine, CA by Orange Combinator - Functional Programming In OC: Combinating - The Weekly Function
- 2018-08-20 in Lehi, UT, USA by Utah Haskell: Utah Haskell Meetup | Book Club
- 2018-08-20 in Portland, OR, USA by Portland Functional Programming Study Group: PDX Func Practice Track - Parallel and Concurrent Programming in Haskell
- 2018-08-20 in Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom by FP North East: Topic to be announced
- 2018-08-20 in Perth, Australia by Perth Functional Programmers: Haskell study group
- 2018-08-20 in Bucharest, Romania by Bucharest FP: Bucharest FP #32 — Composition in FP
- 2018-08-21 in Minneapolis, USA by HaskellMN: HaskellMN Monthly Meetup
- 2018-08-21 in Carmel, USA by Indy FP: Don’t Write Tests, Generate Them
- 2018-08-21 in Cluj-Napoca, Romania by Cluj.fp: Verification of Blockchain Languages and VMs
- 2018-08-22 in Berlin, Germany by Berlin Haskell Users Group: Haskell Wednesday
- 2018-08-22 in Portland, OR, USA by Portland Functional Programming Study Group: PDX Func Theory Track - Logic and Proof
- 2018-08-22 in Karlsruhe, Germany by Karlsruhe Haskell Lerngruppe: Writing Fast Haskell by Moritz Kiefer
- 2018-08-22 in Delhi, India by DelhiNCR Haskell And Functional Programming Languages Group: FPNCR Unscripted Online meetup
- 2018-08-22 in Boulder, CO, USA by Front Range Elm: Haskell Servant
- 2018-08-22 in Quito, Ecuador by Quito Lambda: [Tema no definido por el momento]
- 2018-08-22 in London, United Kingdom by London Haskell: Type Families: More than Lifted Functions
- 2018-08-23 in Raleigh, NC, USA by Raleigh Haskell Meetup: (hack . yack)
- 2018-08-23 in Las Vegas, NV, USA by Las Vegas Functional Programming User Group: Functional Programming Meetup
- 2018-08-23 in Seattle, USA by Seattle Area Haskell Users’ Group: Category Theory for Programmers Part 3
- 2018-08-23 in Eindhoven, Netherlands by Eindhoven Haskell Meetup: Let’s code a sea battle game!
- 2018-08-23 in Gdańsk, Poland by Functional Tricity: Join our new HQ - Functional Tricity #13


Sagar Chitturi
Crypto Enthu & Investor
Learn nore about SAGASM aka SagarChitturi
Loves to play basketball but suck at it
Sugar's Skills
Skill's not there yet
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How to contact Sugar ?
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Installation#
This is the minimum required software for the xpcc build system:
- Python 2.7.x
- Software Construct
- Jinja2 Template Engine
- AVR toolchain: avr-gcc and avrdude
- ARM toolchain: arm-none-eabi-gcc and openocd
To start actively developing on xpcc, you will also need these packages:
Note that xpcc requires C++11, so you need a reasonably new compiler (GCC >4.9).
Installing on Linux#
For Ubuntu 14.04LTS, these commands install the basic build system:
sudo apt-get install python python-pip python-jinja2 scons git
Install the AVR toochain:
sudo apt-get install gcc-avr binutils-avr avr-libc avrdude
And the ARM toolchain as well:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:team-gcc-arm-embedded/ppa sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install gcc-arm-embedded openocd
To compile programs for x86 systems install the following packets:
sudo apt-get install gcc build-essential libboost-thread-dev \ libboost-system-dev libasio-dev
For active xpcc development install these packets too:
sudo apt-get --no-install-recommends install doxygen pip install --user lxml
This installs doxygen
without LaTeX support, which saves ~600MB of disk space.
Installing on OS X#
First install homebrew
, a great packet
manager for OS X, then use it to install the minimum build system:
brew install python scons git pip install --user jinja2
Compile the AVR toolchain from source (may take a while):
brew tap osx-cross/avr brew install avr-libc avrdude
And the ARM toolchain as well:
brew tap ARMmbed/homebrew-formulae brew install arm-none-eabi-gcc
To program and debug your ARM Cortex-M device, you need to install the latest OpenOCD version:
brew install openocd --HEAD --enable-ft2232_libftdi \ --enable-jlink --enable-stlink
For active xpcc development install these packets too:
brew install doxygen pip install --user lxml
Installing on Windows#
We're sorry, we do not have enough experience with Windows to provide honest support. Pull requests welcome!


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The information security policy should define acceptable use of technology.
Use the following steps to check that usage policies are defined in compliance with PCI DSS:
Verify that management approval is required: Examine the acceptable use policies in the information security policy to verify that they require management authorization to use the technology.
Check that authentication is required: Examine the acceptable use policies to verify that they require authentication to use the technology.
Check that an authorized device list is required: Examine the security documentation to verify that it includes a list of devices and users authorized to use them.
Check that labeling is required: Examine the acceptable use policies to verify that they require devices to be labeled with information about the owner, contact information, and purpose.
Check that acceptable use is required: Examine the acceptable use policies to verify that they require acceptable use.
Verify that acceptable network locations are defined: Examine the acceptable use policies to verify that they require acceptable network locations.
Check that a list of approved products is required: Examine the acceptable use policies to verify that they require a list of approved products.
Verify that remote access time-outs are required: Examine the acceptable use policies to verify that they require idle remote access sessions to be disconnected automatically after some period of time.
Verify that handling of vendor remote access is defined: Examine the acceptable use policies to verify that they require remote access accounts for vendors to be only enabled when in use.
Verify that remote access downloads are forbidden: Examine the acceptable use policies to verify that they prohibit downloading cardholder data over remote access connections to local storage media.
Perform the following actions to define usage policies in compliance with PCI DSS:
Require management approval: Add a point that requires explicit management authorization to use the technologies.
Require authentication: Add a point that requires users to be authenticated with a password or another security mechanism to use the technologies.
Require an authorized device list: Add a point that requires a list of all devices and personnel authorized to use them.
Require labeling: Add a point that requires devices to be labeled with owner, contact information, and purpose.
Require acceptable use: Add a point that requires acceptable uses for the technology. This requirement seems redundant, but it is actually explicit in demanding that technology be used only in its intended purpose.
Define acceptable network locations: Add a point that requires acceptable network locations for the technology. Acceptable network locations are the networks secured in compliance with PCI DSS. For example, a laptop from the cardholder data environment may not be connected to the Internet directly.
Require a list of approved products: Add a point that requires a list of company-approved products. Make a list of company-approved products and add it to the information security documentation.
Require remote access time-outs: Add a point that requires idle remote sessions to be disconnected automatically after a certain amount of time.
Define handling of vendor remote access accounts: Add a point that requires remote access accounts for vendors to be enabled only when needed and disabled immediately thereafter.
Prohibit remote access downloads: Add a point that forbids downloading cardholder data to local storage media over a remote access connection.


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Contributions to this document#
Besides William Stein, contributions to this part of the documentation were made by Gary Zablackis.
[CF] {CF} A. Campillo and J. I. Farran, Symbolic Hamburger-Noether expressions of plane curves and applications to AG codes, Math. Comp., vol 71(2002)1759-1780. http://www.ams.org/mcom/2002-71-240/S0025-5718-01-01390-4/home.html
[CO] {CO} H. Cohen, J. Oesterlé, Dimensions des espaces de formes modulaires, p. 69-78 in Modular functions in one variable VI. Lecture Notes in Math. 627, Springer-Verlag, NewYork, 1977.
[GAP] {GAP4} The GAP Group, GAP - Groups, Algorithms, and Programming, Version 4.4; 2005, https://www.gap-system.org
[G] {G} Solomon Golomb, Shift register sequences, Aegean Park Press, Laguna Hills, Ca, 1967
[Sing] {GPS05} G.-M. Greuel, G. Pfister, and H. Schönemann. Singular 3.0. A Computer Algebra System for Polynomial Computations. Centre for Computer Algebra, University of Kaiserslautern (2005). https://www.singular.uni-kl.de
[Pari] {PARI2} PARI/GP, version 2.1.5, Bordeaux, 2004, https://pari.math.u-bordeaux.fr/
[M] {M} James L. Massey, Shift-Register Synthesis and BCH Decoding, IEEE Trans. on Information Theory, vol. 15(1), pp. 122-127, Jan 1969.
[SAGE] {SJ} William Stein, David Joyner, SAGE: System for Algebra and Geometry Experimentation, Comm. Computer Algebra 39(2005)61-64. (SIGSAM Bull. June 2005) https://sagemath.org/ https://github.com/sagemath/sage/issues/


When I was writing the summary of differences between WebOb and other request objects, to remind myself of web frameworks I might have forgotten I went to the WebFrameworks page on the Python wiki.
Looking through that page I’m reminded how many framework options there have been. And I was further reminded of how few relevant options there are now. From all this, there have emerged just a few options: Django, Pylons, TurboGears, Zope. No offense to anyone left out of that list — I know there’s some other actively developed frameworks out there. But frankly they aren’t serious choices; they might be fine internal tools, or interesting experiments, but they are clearly on a different tier (and they all have questionable futures).
And now that TurboGears 2 will be based on Pylons the list looks smaller still.
For a long, long time (longer than most of those frameworks have existed) people have complained about the proliferation of web frameworks in Python. Those of us involved in developing web frameworks in Python haven’t been able to respond all that well. Complaining doesn’t magically lead to solutions, and you can’t just will there to be a single Python web framework. You can work towards that, but that’s what we’ve been doing… mostly people don’t seem to notice. It’s just not an easy thing to work towards; the problem space for a web framework isn’t well defined, its end goal is far more vague than most people immediately realize, and it involves consensus, which makes everything much harder. We said the market would decide, which is kind of a cop out (the market decides through the decisions of developers) but that’s the best answer we had.
But after all this time, it seems clear that we are getting much closer to that goal. If you squint really hard, you can almost imagine we are there. The total list of frameworks only gets longer over time — that’s how open source works — but the list of choices has become quite compact.
How we get to the next level is a little less clear. We’ve gotten this way largely through attrition, but that’s not going to get us any further. I’ll at least assure people that we are discussing this stuff — it’s slow going, but everyone is interested. And if anyone actually wants to do some leg work to move this forward, a lot of the work is actually technical, not political, so don’t be afraid to jump in.
Automatically generated list of related posts:
- WebOb Do-It-Yourself Framework My old do-it-yourself framework tutorial was getting a bit long...
- A Python Web Application Package and Format (we should make one) At PyCon there was an open space about deployment, and...
- Opening Python Classes So, I was reading through comments to despam my old...
- Python Application Package I’ve been thinking some more about deployment of Python web...
- 2 Python Environment Experiments two experiments in the Python environment. The first is virtualenv,...
This is exactly why I’m interested in making Django’s Request/Response compatible with the one used by Pylons. If we can come up with a documented standard (ala WSGI) we can collapse the stack even further.
Although you apologized in advance, I still think Quixote and web.py are fine choices, and quite different from others in their approaches.
LWN uses Quixote. Reddit uses web.py.
The next step will hopefully be that these frameworks stabilize. It’s frustrating to develop against an ever-changing framework. At least it was for me when I developed against TurboGears 0.x.
I’m not so sure that the concept of mega-frameworks like TurboGears or Pylons helps here. Perhaps a “certified” set of libraries (like Pylons version x, Routes version y, Paste version z, etc.) could build more confidence here.
Yes, thanks for going in and saying, “This page has never been very actively maintained.” I’m sure that the page history contradicts that assertion satisfactorily. Pointing people to “blogs, reoccurring threads on comp.lang.python” is great if they’re already well aware of all the different blogs out there, which ones from Planet Python are worth reading, how to most effectively search the newsgroups for advice, and so on. However, I don’t think this applies for a large number of people in the audience in question, and the whole point of having resources such as those on the Wiki is to provide a well-known reference for everyone, not to wave people off to a lower density medium where opinions are formed by people who have the most to say.
Sure, everyone wants their favourite framework listed – I know that from experience with maintaining these guides – and yet people worry about newcomers choosing “minority software” (or insert another euphemism for “not the software I endorse” like saying that they are not “serious choices”, perhaps). However, you’ll notice that there aren’t hundreds of frameworks on that page, which would be the case if the now-tedious jokes about Web frameworks actually had a substantial basis in fact, and while it’s possible that some listed frameworks should be dropped due to lack of heavy project activity, some either do what they’re supposed to and don’t need continuous redevelopment (which doesn’t then prevent them from being valid choices), or they re-appear at a later point in time (eg. Aquarius) and presumably remain valid choices.
Meanwhile, I dispute that “a lot of the work is actually technical, not political”. It can be argued that the reason why no-one has had any stamina for standardising Python’s Web programming scene is because the work to do so isn’t particularly glamourous (eg. look at what the Java people have done, take notes), and because people still get a kick out of differentiation at the cost of standardisation, four years or so after this particular discussion began.
Ian,
I agree that the Python web application framework world is shrinking, but there is also a rather large elephant sitting in the room. Some Python programmers who would much rather program in Python are using ROR and I think this trend is increasing not decreasing. I have no answer or solution. Just pointing at the elephant….
Noah
I assume you haven’t heard of web.py. See, reddit is a large-traffic site and it is built on web.py and infogami on top of it. openlibrary.org is a web.py+infogami combinaiton as well. Those two and many more are much more than “fine internal tools, or interesting experiments”.
@Seo and Tzury: You do realize that both those sites were written by the same person – and that Reddit has since moved away from web.py, right? The new Reddit beta is just Python, no web.py. One developer, no matter how popular he is, using his own framework, does not make a trend.
Reddit’s new beta doesn’t use web.py. AFAIK its not publicly released what framework, if any, replaced it, however its still Python (and probably uses Mako templates).
Paul: The WebFrameworks page lists frameworks like Crusader, Cymbeline, PyLucid (which is now written in Django), JOTWeb2, maki, PyWebLib, and Spark (and to clarify, many of these are abandoned or hibernating). It lists a bunch of really old books. The popularity section contains only a very rough estimate of Django and TurboGears. It’s a horrible landing place for people looking to make a decision about a Python web framework. I was just trying to be helpful to readers by warning them about that.
Also, it’s my belief that any framework (or any open source project) without a champion is dead. A lot of those frameworks don’t have champions anymore. They’ll still have users, maybe they still will for a long time, but without a champion the framework is not a good choice.
The technical work I refer to isn’t just work, it’s the right work. I believe there’s some projects which, right now, are the right work. Identifying and improving the best server deployment options, for example.
As for differentiation vs. standardization, you can’t make that choice when there isn’t something — even just a strong convention — to standardize against. And as for Java, frankly I think we’re beyond the point at which there’s much to learn there. Maybe there’s still some nuggets there, but when it comes to Python ideas taken from Java I am usually left very disappointed by the result.
Tzury, Seo: I was going to note the same thing John just did about web.py. Regarding Quixote, it’s a fine framework but its forward momentum is just about nil, and I don’t think that bothers the people using it, and it’s perfectly fine that they feel that way but that doesn’t make Quixote a good choice.
We get to the next level by pushing WSGI even more :)
I don’t think we’ll ever reach the one web framework that rules them all. But it’s freaking cool that you can build your own web-framework in a number of hours! That’s the real power of Python web-development.
I fell in love with [CherryPy](http://www.cherrypy.org) despite my strong feelings towards Pylons (which I struggle to understand due to my own limitations).
Following your post I questioned the CP community. I think the [answers](http://groups.google.com/group/cherrypy-users/browse_thread/thread/49b1610e524839b0) are relevant to this post. For people interested in doing web stuff in Python CherryPy is a fun, and I believe viable, option!
I’m agree with amix
Why focus on framework ? They will be all out of date or will ask users to change theirs codes one day… It’s why i use my own framework since years like many others. It’s was not difficult to do and now it’s become realy easy !
What we need is killer web libraries around wsgi, and i’m confident that WebOb will be one of them. Thanks to your work ian.
While not a full blown Framework – more an extensible HTTP Server, [CherryPy](http://www.cherrypy.org/ “CherryPy”) is definatly worth a consideration. Especially if you don’t need/use integrated templating mechanisms or ORMs like us. We are using XSLT (pretty understimated in the Python world) and Firebird (sharing SQL statement logic with Win32 Delphi clients). CherryPy makes it as easy as possible to plugin your stuff, leading you fast to your own specialized framework. It has an extreme friendly learning curve but all the enhanced capabilities you will need later. And finally it’s build for speed as well. Therefore, we love it ;).
Pylons could be a contender but Zope, Django, and Turbogears are to bloated for our taste.
I also use CherryPy’s WSGI server in all of my projects, which from my benchmarking is still the fastest WSGI server (and it’s HTTP 1.1 compatible).
It would be cool if the community developed on one real good WSGI server. Currently there are quite some implementations that are lacking.
Or why not release a fully implemented WSGI server with Python? This would spread WSGI love even more :)
amix: Python 2.5 has now wsgiref.
Nuno: It’s only a reference implementation.
Yes it is, but works. What is the advantages of using the CherryPy’s WSGI Server, or other?
I do agree with amix. Why can’t we have one real good WSGI server and also a library ? CherryPY server, wsgi library such as amix’s werkzeug, ian’s webob, luke arno’s stuff (just to name a few) can be a good start. Let’s shape the future of Python web development around the library and not the framework.
Logically, the blog entry is argumentum ad populum. Politically, if it is necessary to resist inroads by rival programming languages, it is expedient to rally around major frameworks. However, I submit that any such major framework needs to be critically evaluated and re-engineered as necessary to by pythonic, then locked down tight.
Having reviewed the field of frameworks recently to fulfill my requirements, I did not like any of the major frameworks. I felt they were too cludgy for me. I did not feel like I was asked to write Python, but some other language. Granted, this is more obviously apparent in the GUI world than WUI, but if it does not feel like Python I have problems using it (when writing Python). Looking at some tutorials, I observed significant shift in the implementation…
As one other responder mentioned, a fear of adopting one framework is the likelihood of its having radical changes. That’s why I stopped using Drupal many years ago. I wrote a set of modules for one minor revision that were totally broken for the next. Having seen similar behavior in at least one framework, I am wary of adopting any.
Yes, it is possible to fork a project, but popular projects do not lend themselves to a fork without enough momentum within its community (e.g. X11 v. XORG).
While suggesting we all jump on a bandwagon of conformity, it is imperative that there also be a call for stability and pythonic engineering of the major frameworks.
I specifically avoided mentioning any framework because my purpose is not to defame any framework. My purpose is stability and language conformity. If you can promise both, then I might be willing to drink the Kool-Aid.
“And as for Java, frankly I think we’re beyond the point at which there’s much to learn there.”
I think a lot of frameworks could start out by learning how the Java technologies manage to work with Unicode, given the widespread problems many Python-based frameworks have had with Unicode until very recently. I note that someone in the Django community eventually stepped up and dealt with the issue, but it probably still remains in other frameworks, given the occurrence of discussion threads on such matters in various places.
It’s not all about momentum, you know – sometimes you want pieces of the stack to be stable, even mature. The problem has been that everyone has wanted to show how much they’re innovating (which has indeed happened), but that can lead to egregious and ubiquitous breakage as the developers refine their work. You wouldn’t want your C library API to mutate every few weeks or months. Likewise, it’s a relief to be able to use technologies which improve but don’t break your code needlessly as they evolve, get updated or get fixed. (I don’t update WebStack very often at all, or at least not the central abstractions, but that doesn’t mean it doesn’t work any more, or that it isn’t useful for other components or applications.)
As for the Wiki page…
“It’s a horrible landing place for people looking to make a decision about a Python web framework. I was just trying to be helpful to readers by warning them about that.”
The dates next to the frameworks give the discerning reader a good indication of framework vitality, and I don’t even think that this was even my idea. Nevertheless, the page, which was previously a mess of links and opportunistic promotion, got an overhaul a while back after I got fed up with how incoherent it had become. Whether it plays an important role in informing people or not (or whether it represents the “new consensus” around Python Web frameworks as you see it), giving it the brush off is rather unfair to the people who update it (usually not me, unless I’m despamming it or making superficial edits) as well as the people who find it useful.
“given the widespread problems many Python-based frameworks have had with Unicode…[they] probably still [remain] in other frameworks”
Not really. Pylons and Turbogears recommend Genshi or Mako templates which are both built for Unicode from the ground up. SQLAlchemy, used by both, can represent tables in Chinese (not just the data; the schema).
There are issues remaining with unicode, but at this point its primarily a Python problem (and in some cases, a database problem, like MySQL which can present some encoding challenges); strings are still represented as bytestrings by default, and converting into unicode objects can be tricky. That’s pretty much where the confusion comes from.
“It’s not all about momentum, you know – sometimes you want pieces of the stack to be stable, even mature. “
I dont find this to be true in the Java world either. A year ago, we were using Hibernate and Struts. Now we’re using JPA and Struts2 (which is an entirely different product); Hibernate’s API has been totally replaced, and Struts has literally been chucked wholesale. While we might want to look at Java for insight on how to handle things, my observation is that they have been looking at us (us being, Ruby and Python) a lot as of late, working at making their APIs more friendly, adding decorator-like “annotations” and iterator syntaxes, copying our ideas for web controllers, and cutting down on the XML bloat. I think the “stability”/”maturity” perception on the java side comes down to the sheer number of developers working on things over there (and being paid full time to develop them by big corporations). Whereas Python projects are often volunteer/part-time/not-really-funded ventures with much smaller userbases.
Zope 3 has been unicode safe from the start. Since 2002 or thereabouts. I was somewhat bemused at seeing Django announce unicode support proudly a few months ago. They have backwards compatibility hacks and all, right? We’ve have had this, without any hacks, for half a decade and probably nobody even knows it. Shows how badly we market Zope 3 (but this is changing, with Grok).
“Not really. Pylons and Turbogears recommend Genshi or Mako templates which are both built for Unicode from the ground up.”
Nice to see that there’s a consensus. It wasn’t always this way, I believe.
“There are issues remaining with unicode, but at this point its primarily a Python problem (and in some cases, a database problem, like MySQL which can present some encoding challenges); strings are still represented as bytestrings by default, and converting into unicode objects can be tricky.”
Ignoring the database issues, which can be awkward, the “tricky” part of converting byte sequences (plain strings) into characters (Unicode) is hardly a “Python problem” unless that’s a label for the work that framework developers don’t want to do: it’s a fundamental part of interpreting the data. Python 3000 doesn’t magically solve this for you because the issues don’t go away with Python 2.x. Instead, they reside in the nature of the data the framework is busy pumping backward and forward on your behalf – precisely at the point where the framework should be lending a hand.
I didn’t bother exposing data as Unicode in WebStack for some time, mostly because I used the excuse that it was but a thin wrapper over other frameworks, but having full Unicode support for Java Servlets and “pot luck” for all the CPython stuff was highly embarrassing – it would be like an XML toolkit giving you plain strings and making you do encoding conversions manually.
If I wanted to point the finger at a guilty party on the subject of Unicode, encodings, and so on, it’d be the people who wrote the HTTP specifications, along with the people writing the next generation of them who are probably more inclined to dream up fancy new form widgets than define unambiguous behaviour. Nevertheless, other people have considered such matters before, and it isn’t particularly sensible to just ignore their work, even if they aren’t the “cool” people any more.
It’s interesting that some people now consider CherryPy “not a framework”. When the angst over the burgeoning number of frameworks climaxed in 2005 at the PyWebOff talk in PyCon 2005, CherryPy was one of the foremost frameworks. So what happened?
TurboGears introduced the concept of “megaframework”, which Django and Pylons are also competing in. It looks like this has now become people’s concept of a “framework”, and the simpler frameworks are now… framework components?
The original definition of a framework was “it calls you” — i.e., a container for your application — as opposed to a library where is “you call it”. So all these server/dispatcher thingys are frameworks under this definition, including small ones like Paste and web.py.
Quixote is still maintained and in production sites. Its lack of activity is due to its stability as well as its minimalistic philosophy: fewer features means fewer bugs. The Quixote developers have chosen not to compete in the megaframework arena but instead to let people come to it. It does what its paying sponsors need, in any case. :) Future development has been targeted to Qpy, which has a more extensible codebase.
I just entered into Python world. I speak Perl. Once I grab up enough syntax, I’ll look at the framework. Thanks
Regarding RoR, I’ve arrived back at Python from Ruby, finding that they have a much bigger elephant in their room, probably several elephants.
First of all, the only deployment game in town is currently Mongrel, and the proposal is that you deploy 5 or so 30 meg Rails processes PER APPLICATION.  I simply can’t do this.
I went back to Django after seeing the simple and familiar Apache prefork deployment on mod_python. Should be good enough. RoR/Mongrel is some kind of bandaid. Who thought of this per-app clustered architecture, at 30 megs a pop? Am I seriously willing to deploy that? Guess I’ll have to take a look…
Who knows though…maybe I’ll end up going back. Get to know Capistrano. Seems to me they’ve become as complex as Java. Hey, maybe I’ll just go back to Java.
Django is the best framework not only in the python world. it is the best web framework ever built. Unlike other framework it is scalable and is ideal framework for the agile web development.
you can download the django book(pdf) at bir2su.blogspot.com
Here is a video respose to this discussion. It makes the list longer but I am trying to make a point about usability and software engineering: 1) you cannot require your average user to be as knowledgeble as the developers of the framework; 2) choose a top-down design, not a bottom-up one, otherwise your users will be disappointed by APIs that change on a weekly basis. With Gluon I have tried to address these two issues. Remember that our competitors are not other Python frameworks. Our competitors are JSP, PHP and perhaps Ruby on Rails.
I started to use Django a few months ago and I am very impressed by its ease of use and performance. I was new to Python (coming from C#) and was a bit surprised by then quickly amazed by the simplicity and power of this language !
Concerning Python frameworks, Django is definitely my favorite ! I just found the frequency of the release a bit slow. A good start to evaluate other Python frameworks : http://www.therightsoft.com/softwaretechnologies/webframeworks/?languageid=2
(though as said before in the discussion, all the items are not comparable…)
With regard to RoR’s elephants, yeah. It still lacks speed-wise and, ridiculously, requires multiple concurrent mongrels if you want any type of throughput. The hope, however, is that using fibers, event driven DB access and Ruby 1.9′s faster VM will help it avoid some of those problems, but…well…it ain’t yet :) Hopefully sometime. Now to see if we can get Rails thread-safe… Django is indeed nice. I’d put it right up there with RoR, if not above. -R
What about a robust and mature (started in 2000) Python framework that recently went public under the LGPL and has had for years the features that will be very hard to add to django, like multi-database support ? CubicWeb is a semantic web application framework worth reading about.
I tried both Django (1.1 Final) and Web2py (1.74.11) I think both these are good frameworks. WEb2py is a tag easier than Django. Great job Missio!
There is no doubt Web2Py is worth being learned and used. It’s definitively a good framework.


My name is Aathii! I'm 17 years old and I inhabit a lovely city
I'm Aiden, a grade 12 student from Waterloo, ON. Next year, I hope to attend the University of Waterloo for Computer Engineering. My main interests include mathematics, computer science, debate, and cycling. In my spare time, I'm quite fond of playing DOOM: Eternal. You can access my github at github.com/Foxnaut/, my website at aidensortof.codes, or just email me at aiden@fox-ivey.com.


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Master Selsia:
The Giran official who was attacked was not a follower of Beleth, and...
Beleth intentionally slipped the information on the Giants' Research Documents to the Ivory Tower Wizards.
Knowing that they would be thrown into conflict with each other, he could then take advantage of the situation to take the documents for himself with no one the wiser...
"Those are all the possibilities I can see..."


Created {{ package.createdAt|date }} by {{ package.author }} | last updated {{ package.updatedAt|date }} | repository | homepage


Canvas 영역 Change the miterLimit by entering a new value below and clicking the redraw button. Miter limit


| Constellation Action | Keyboard Shortcut | User Action | Menu Icon |
|---|---|---|---|
| Run Contract Graph | Arrange -> Contract Graph |
Contract Graph alters the X, Y, and Z attributes of the selected nodes and transactions to contract the graph. This reduces the graph to a smaller physical space.


Project Roadmap
Idea
Compare encryption algorithms.Encryption
Identify encryption algorithms.Objectives
Create encyption tests.Tests
Performs tests for data.Discoveries
Present findings & comparisons.Conclusion
Determine the best encryption.
Steps to Implement
Create Data
Using python, I will create a program that takes in a small text file to create 3 separate files of varying size. I also created a python program to count the data and confirm the expected file's size for accuracy.
-
Create Algorithms
Using Cryptography and Cryptodome modules in python I will create a program to use AES and a program to use RSA and encrypt each file. The programs will record the start and end time to determin the time-lapse for analysis.
-
Create Results
Within the algorithms, I record the times in a result.txt file labeled for AES and RSA, respectively. The results files are then used to create the charts for measuring speed of encryption.
Types of Comparison
Encryption Speed and Encryption Strength.
Encryption Speed
I will perform 50 tests for each encryption algorithm to determine speed efficiency. Each test takes in three files of differing sizes and encrypts the files while recording the start and end time.
-
Encryption Stength
For these same tests and results I will determin strength of the encrypted algorithm. Without a better metric, I chose to compare the size of the encrypted files created to gauge strength.
Metrics
- Number of Tests100
- Speed Simulation
- Pass/Fail Tests
- Accuracy90%
- Compare Results
- Examine Hypothesis
- Record Conclusions
- Publish


src/lib/src/table/table-data-source.ts
Data source that accepts a client-side data array and includes native support of filtering, sorting (using TsSortDirective), and paginator (using TsPaginatorComponent).
DataSource
Properties |
|
Methods |
Accessors |
constructor(initialData: T[])
|
||||||
|
Defined in src/lib/src/table/table-data-source.ts:46
|
||||||
|
Set up data and change subscriptions
Parameters :
|
| _updateChangeSubscription |
_updateChangeSubscription()
|
|
Defined in src/lib/src/table/table-data-source.ts:63
|
|
Subscribe to changes that should trigger an update to the table's rendered rows. When the changes occur, process the current state of the filter, sort, and pagination along with the provided base data and send it to the table for rendering.
Returns :
void
|
| connect |
connect()
|
|
Defined in src/lib/src/table/table-data-source.ts:78
|
|
Used by the TsTableComponent. Called when it connects to the data source.
Returns :
any
|
| disconnect |
disconnect()
|
|
Defined in src/lib/src/table/table-data-source.ts:84
|
|
Used by the TsTableComponent. Called when it is destroyed. No-op.
Returns :
void
|
| Private _data |
_data:
|
Type : BehaviorSubject<[]>
|
|
Defined in src/lib/src/table/table-data-source.ts:17
|
|
Stream that emits when a new data array is set on the data source. |
| _renderChangesSubscription |
_renderChangesSubscription:
|
Type : Subscription
|
|
Defined in src/lib/src/table/table-data-source.ts:28
|
|
Subscription to the changes that should trigger an update to the table's rendered rows, such as filtering, sorting, pagination, or base data changes. |
| Private _renderData |
_renderData:
|
Default value : new BehaviorSubject<T[]>([])
|
|
Defined in src/lib/src/table/table-data-source.ts:22
|
|
Stream emitting render data to the table (depends on ordered data changes). |
| filteredData |
filteredData:
|
Type : T[]
|
|
Defined in src/lib/src/table/table-data-source.ts:36
|
|
The filtered set of data that has been matched by the filter string, or all the data if there is no filter. Useful for knowing the set of data the table represents. For example, a 'selectAll()' function would likely want to select the set of filtered data shown to the user rather than all the data. |
| data | ||||||
getdata()
|
||||||
|
Defined in src/lib/src/table/table-data-source.ts:44
|
||||||
setdata(data: [])
|
||||||
|
Defined in src/lib/src/table/table-data-source.ts:41
|
||||||
|
Array of data that should be rendered by the table, where each object represents one row.
Parameters :
Returns :
void
|
import { DataSource } from '@angular/cdk/table';
import { BehaviorSubject } from 'rxjs/BehaviorSubject';
import { Subscription } from 'rxjs/Subscription';
/**
* Data source that accepts a client-side data array and includes native support of filtering,
* sorting (using {@link TsSortDirective}), and paginator (using {@link TsPaginatorComponent}).
*/
export class TsTableDataSource<T> implements DataSource<T> {
/**
* Stream that emits when a new data array is set on the data source.
*/
private _data: BehaviorSubject<T[]>;
/**
* Stream emitting render data to the table (depends on ordered data changes).
*/
private _renderData = new BehaviorSubject<T[]>([]);
/**
* Subscription to the changes that should trigger an update to the table's rendered rows, such
* as filtering, sorting, pagination, or base data changes.
*/
_renderChangesSubscription: Subscription;
/**
* The filtered set of data that has been matched by the filter string, or all the data if there
* is no filter. Useful for knowing the set of data the table represents.
* For example, a 'selectAll()' function would likely want to select the set of filtered data
* shown to the user rather than all the data.
*/
filteredData: T[];
/**
* Array of data that should be rendered by the table, where each object represents one row.
*/
set data(data: T[]) {
this._data.next(data);
}
get data() {
return this._data.value;
}
/**
* Set up data and change subscriptions
*/
constructor(initialData: T[] = []) {
this._data = new BehaviorSubject<T[]>(initialData);
this._updateChangeSubscription();
}
/**
* Subscribe to changes that should trigger an update to the table's rendered rows. When the
* changes occur, process the current state of the filter, sort, and pagination along with the
* provided base data and send it to the table for rendering.
*/
_updateChangeSubscription(): void {
if (this._renderChangesSubscription) {
this._renderChangesSubscription.unsubscribe();
}
// Watch for base data or filter changes to provide a filtered set of data.
this._renderChangesSubscription = this._data
// Watched for paged data changes and send the result to the table to render.
.subscribe((data) => this._renderData.next(data));
}
/**
* Used by the {@link TsTableComponent}. Called when it connects to the data source.
*/
connect() { return this._renderData; }
/**
* Used by the {@link TsTableComponent}. Called when it is destroyed. No-op.
*/
disconnect() {}
}


Gecode::Set::Int::ChannelBool< View > Class Template Reference
[Set propagators]
#include <int.hh>
Inherits MixNaryOnePropagator< Gecode::Int::BoolView, Gecode::Int::PC_BOOL_VAL, View, PC_GEN_NONE >.
Detailed Description
template<class View>
class Gecode::Set::Int::ChannelBool< View >
Propagator for channelling between set variable and its characteristic function
Implements channelling constraints between BoolVar and a SetVar. For BoolVars and SetVar it propagates the constraint .
Requires
#include "gecode/set/int.hh"
Definition at line 261 of file int.hh.
Public Member Functions | |
| virtual Actor * | copy (Space *home, bool) |
| Copy propagator during cloning. | |
| virtual PropCost | cost (ModEventDelta med) const |
| Cost function (defined as PC_QUADRATIC_LO). | |
| virtual size_t | dispose (Space *home) |
| Delete propagator and return its size. | |
| virtual ExecStatus | propagate (Space *home, ModEventDelta med) |
| Perform propagation. | |
| virtual ExecStatus | advise (Space *home, Advisor *a, const Delta *d) |
| Give advice to propagator. | |
| virtual Reflection::ActorSpec | spec (const Space *home, Reflection::VarMap &m) const |
| Specification for this propagator. | |
Static Public Member Functions | |
| static ExecStatus | post (Space *home, ViewArray< Gecode::Int::BoolView > &x, View y) |
| Post propagator for . | |
| static void | post (Space *home, Reflection::VarMap &vars, const Reflection::ActorSpec &spec) |
| Post using specification. | |
| static Support::Symbol | ati (void) |
| Name of this propagator. | |
Protected Types | |
| typedef MixNaryOnePropagator < Gecode::Int::BoolView, Gecode::Int::PC_BOOL_VAL, View, PC_GEN_NONE > | Super |
Protected Member Functions | |
| ChannelBool (Space *home, bool share, ChannelBool &p) | |
| Constructor for cloning p. | |
| ChannelBool (Space *home, ViewArray< Gecode::Int::BoolView > &, View) | |
| Constructor for posting. | |
Protected Attributes | |
| Council< IndexAdvisor > | co |
| Council for managing advisors. | |
| SetDelta | delta |
| Accumulated delta information. | |
| GLBndSet | zeros |
| Accumulated zero Booleans. | |
| GLBndSet | ones |
| Accumulated one Booleans. | |
| bool | running |
| Flag whether propagation is currently running. | |
Classes | |
| class | IndexAdvisor |
| Advisor storing a single index. More... |
Member Typedef Documentation
typedef MixNaryOnePropagator<Gecode::Int::BoolView, Gecode::Int::PC_BOOL_VAL, View,PC_GEN_NONE> Gecode::Set::Int::ChannelBool< View >::Super [protected] |
Constructor & Destructor Documentation
| Gecode::Set::Int::ChannelBool< View >::ChannelBool | ( | Space * | home, | |
| bool | share, | |||
| ChannelBool< View > & | p | |||
| ) | [inline, protected] |
| Gecode::Set::Int::ChannelBool< View >::ChannelBool | ( | Space * | home, | |
| ViewArray< Gecode::Int::BoolView > & | x0, | |||
| View | y0 | |||
| ) | [inline, protected] |
Member Function Documentation
| Actor * Gecode::Set::Int::ChannelBool< View >::copy | ( | Space * | home, | |
| bool | share | |||
| ) | [inline, virtual] |
Copy propagator during cloning.
Implements Gecode::Actor.
Definition at line 138 of file channel-bool.icc.
| PropCost Gecode::Set::Int::ChannelBool< View >::cost | ( | ModEventDelta | med | ) | const [inline, virtual] |
Cost function (defined as PC_QUADRATIC_LO).
Reimplemented from Gecode::MixNaryOnePropagator< Gecode::Int::BoolView, Gecode::Int::PC_BOOL_VAL, View, PC_GEN_NONE >.
Definition at line 125 of file channel-bool.icc.
| size_t Gecode::Set::Int::ChannelBool< View >::dispose | ( | Space * | home | ) | [inline, virtual] |
Delete propagator and return its size.
Reimplemented from Gecode::MixNaryOnePropagator< Gecode::Int::BoolView, Gecode::Int::PC_BOOL_VAL, View, PC_GEN_NONE >.
Definition at line 129 of file channel-bool.icc.
| ExecStatus Gecode::Set::Int::ChannelBool< View >::propagate | ( | Space * | home, | |
| ModEventDelta | med | |||
| ) | [inline, virtual] |
Perform propagation.
Implements Gecode::Propagator.
Definition at line 144 of file channel-bool.icc.
| ExecStatus Gecode::Set::Int::ChannelBool< View >::advise | ( | Space * | home, | |
| Advisor * | a, | |||
| const Delta * | d | |||
| ) | [inline, virtual] |
Give advice to propagator.
Reimplemented from Gecode::Propagator.
Definition at line 194 of file channel-bool.icc.
| ExecStatus Gecode::Set::Int::ChannelBool< View >::post | ( | Space * | home, | |
| ViewArray< Gecode::Int::BoolView > & | x, | |||
| View | y | |||
| ) | [inline, static] |
| Reflection::ActorSpec Gecode::Set::Int::ChannelBool< View >::spec | ( | const Space * | home, | |
| Reflection::VarMap & | m | |||
| ) | const [inline, virtual] |
Specification for this propagator.
Reimplemented from Gecode::Actor.
Definition at line 287 of file channel-bool.icc.
| void Gecode::Set::Int::ChannelBool< View >::post | ( | Space * | home, | |
| Reflection::VarMap & | vars, | |||
| const Reflection::ActorSpec & | spec | |||
| ) | [inline, static] |
| Support::Symbol Gecode::Set::Int::ChannelBool< View >::ati | ( | void | ) | [inline, static] |
Member Data Documentation
Council<IndexAdvisor> Gecode::Set::Int::ChannelBool< View >::co [protected] |
SetDelta Gecode::Set::Int::ChannelBool< View >::delta [protected] |
GLBndSet Gecode::Set::Int::ChannelBool< View >::zeros [protected] |
GLBndSet Gecode::Set::Int::ChannelBool< View >::ones [protected] |
bool Gecode::Set::Int::ChannelBool< View >::running [protected] |
The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:
- gecode/set/int.hh (Revision: 5993)
- gecode/set/int/channel-bool.icc (Revision: 6017)


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Preparation time
less than 30 mins
Cooking time
no cooking required
Serves
425g/15oz
Dietary
Gluten-free flours are a little harder to work with, but worth mastering. Keep the dough dry; although slightly more difficult to handle, it gives a crisper, 'shorter' crust for quiches and pies.
Sift the rice flour, fine cornmeal, potato flour, xanthan gum and salt into a bowl and mix well. Cut the butter into cubes and gently rub into the flour mixture. Make a well in the centre and carefully add some of the egg and water mixture - just enough to bring the pastry together using a fork. Collect the pastry into a ball with your hands. This way you can judge more accurately whether you need a few more drops of liquid. It is tempting to add extra liquid at this stage but try not to, as it is very easy to make the pastry too wet. It is fine to have some liquid left over. Although rather damp pastry is easier to handle and roll out, the resulting crust can be tough and may well shrink out of shape in the oven.
On a very lightly rice-floured board, gently knead the dough with the heel of your hand for a few minutes to form a silky-smooth ball. Flatten slightly, wrap in cling film and refrigerate for about 30 minutes. This will make the pastry much less elastic and easier to roll.
When it has chilled enough, roll it out (between two sheets of parchment paper, if necessary, to stop it sticking) and use as required.


Well, no one should be shocked… but Steem Monsters is taking over my life right now. So, I have to respond in kind and double up my time. I’m hosting muh show. My show will also feature talk abotu Steem Monsters. I dont’ think I’m always going to do this… but for now it has to happen.
It’s kinda like an open to the public work meeting
I have a few things i need to get done.
I have to build a setting for the game. I need some cities. Cultures. Religions. Currencies. Attitudes. and just flavor so that authors who work on the cards
I also need a style guide. I spent a lot of time in college in playwriting and screenwriting courses. I also did a lot of performance art. There’s a standard mono-myth out there. We have to follow that format for the monsters. We have to figure out ways to make that mono-myth work for us.
Card stat previews
I want to catch the audience up on what we’re currently thinking.
I want a different playstyle for the various card colors. Then I want to start working on specs for them.
So, what I’m going to do is ask people to come talk to me about various card styles and how each different set of cards could work.
High level I’m thinking white focuses on defense and protection.
Black is a zerg.
Green is a heal deck
Red is DPS
blue is ?
Dragons do ?
Game basics
Attack- how much damage a monster can do
Magic attack- damage a monster will do automatically
Defense- amoutn of damage absorbed
health- amount of damage that can be taken before defeat
speed- who goes first likelihood to hit
there are abilities
We’re going to work through how some of the stats can be play balanced, and put along side of mana costs. If you’re looking for a leg up on understanding how the game will work you won’t want ot miss this.
Depending on how that goes we’re gonna dive back into standard Minnow Mayor
Logistics
Show starts in 40 min on the MSP-Waves
join [palnet](minnowpond.org] head into the radio room
I’m likely going to bring folks on air and if you want to talk to me please make sure your speakers aren’t feeding into your mic
This page is synchronized from the post: ‘Minnow Mayor Town Hall- Steem Monster invasion’


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The impact of those layoffs has been far-reaching, contributing to a sense of demoralization, weakening academic programs and a need for stronger protections of instructional faculty at OU.
In May 2020, under outgoing President Duane Nellis’ leadership, 53 instructional faculty members across university departments were notified their contracts would not be renewed by the university, according to a previous Post report. They were given one year notices and were officially let go by the university at the conclusion of the 2020-21 school year.
In addition to the instructional faculty layoffs, OU cut 81 employee positions and laid off 140 employees that were a part of OU’s American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, or AFSCME.
Rebecca Collins, a professor in the College of Arts and Sciences — which lost a total of 44 employee positions — was notified spring 2020 her contract would not be renewed by the university.
“I had my official phone call at 2 p.m. on Friday, May 15,” Collins said.
Collins appealed her non-renewal; however, her appeal was denied by Faculty Senate in May 2021. Collins’ last day of teaching is August 15. Senate did not respond to The Post’s request for comment on Collin’s appeal.
Collins said she first heard rumors of potential layoffs in spring 2019, nearly a year before the financial struggles associated with the COVID-19 pandemic started to impact the university.
University spokesperson Carly Leatherwood said OU had been facing financial struggles due to declining enrollment prior to the onset of the pandemic. The university had been planning to make potential adjustments to staffing, but the pandemic amplified revenue pressures and increased the urgency and magnitude of the university’s actions, Leatherwood said.
From the moment she received notice in April 2020 that four individuals would potentially receive non-renewal notices in the sociology and anthropology department alone, Collins said she was on edge every day, as she was unsure when, or how, it would happen.
Loren Lybarger, president of the university’s chapter of the American Association of University Professors, or OU-AAUP, emphasised the vulnerability of instructional faculty members to potential layoffs, as their contracts provide little protection.
“We were at least able to vent and talk to each other. It doesn't make it any less stressful because you don't want it to be anybody.”—Rebecca Collins, professor in the College of Arts and Sciences
“What all this has revealed has been the lack of job security and appeal rights for the instructional faculty,” Lybarger said. “They can be hired and fired at will, and that's just part of their contract. This is a long standing concern of our chapter, is the erosion of tenure.”
Collins said she even submitted her appeal to generate conversations regarding the protections afforded to instructional faculty, knowing it would likely be denied.
“It greatly affects morale, especially as an instructional faculty member, because we don't have any protection,” Collins said. “It's still kind of disturbing that you do everything that you're supposed to do, and you get the highest promotion that you can receive as an instructional faculty member, and then a month later they tell you that you're getting a non-renewal. It's pretty disheartening.”
That demoralization is associated with losing colleagues who have been at OU for years, the connections and friendships that have been formed and all the hard work those individuals did for their departments, Lybarger said.
Collins also described the importance of the relationships she had with the other instructional faculty in the sociology department — Amanda Cox, Holly Ningard and Roberta Roberson — who were very close and worried for one another during this process. Roberson’s contract was also not renewed.
“We were at least able to vent and talk to each other,” Collins said. “It doesn't make it any less stressful because you don't want it to be anybody.”
Not only were those professors academically important to the university and students that they served, Lybarger said, they were valued within their department's culture, and they generated large amounts of revenue at the university by teaching large introductory-level courses.
“We're just kneecapping these really critical programs,” Lybarger said. “You weaken the academic quality of OU by weakening the faculty.”
Collins taught courses with a minimum of 75 students in each class section. She also has a specialized background in criminology and was the sole professor of the highly-popular deviant behavior course.
“In sociology, Becca Collins was a beloved instructor whose courses were filled to the brim. She was bringing in a lot of revenue to the university,” Lybarger said. “This is something that we need to remember: faculty generate the revenue at OU.”
Olivia Gemarro, an OU alumna who graduated in 2021 and studied sociology and English, said she owes much to Collins and the experiences she gained through her courses.
“It really is a different experience with professor Collins, and I feel like anyone who doesn't get that experience is at a huge loss,” Gemarro said. “She also was only one who teaches a course called deviant behavior, so you are losing a specialization that — and this goes for other departments, too — other professors can't or don't even want to cover.”
Gemarro was motivated last year when the layoffs were announced to start a Twitter account called SaveOUrProfs, which advocates for professors who have been laid off and keeps its followers updated on important events regarding layoffs.
Here’s what we’re losing with these professors being laid off: a thread
— #SaveOUrProfs (@OU_SaveOurProfs) May 3, 2020
Lybarger also emphasized the importance of students' role moving forward, as they can continue to advocate on behalf of their educational experience.
“I think students definitely have an advocacy role to play. Make your voices heard and alumni too, because in the end ... the value of your degree is directly connected to the quality of the academic programs and the academic reputation of OU,” Lybarger said.
A number of faculty and students responded over the past year by hosting protests and demonstrations in support of those whose contracts were not renewed by the university and in opposition of future faculty cuts.
Gemarro further emphasized the importance of social advocacy and continues to receive feedback on her ongoing Twitter posts. She and Lybarger both said they will continue to advocate for those who have lost their jobs at OU and for the importance of academics at institutions of higher education.
“(SaveOUrProfs) started like a student and alumni resistance in a way,” Gemarro said. “The movement on social media, I think it's really just telling that the community is willing to fight back and stand up against the upper administrators' decisions.”
Leatherwood said the university is in partnership with Deloitte Consulting, a firm which will conduct a university-wide analysis of administrative functions this summer. According to OU’s website, the goal of this project is to “identify strategic opportunities for restructuring, streamlining, and/or increasing the efficiency of administrative functions to best support student experience and success while ensuring the financial health of the institution.”
While the university has not announced any plans for further layoffs or administrative restructuring, the effects of last summer's layoffs are everlasting for those who gave years to Ohio University.
“I’ve given 12 plus years in terms of my faculty career here…I planned the birth of my children around my classes; I can't give any more when I've been so disrespected,” Collins said. “I loved my job. I love this university, but with the exception of my students, this university didn't love me back.”


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Welcome to Minigui!
Choose your mode:
- Study: study games, explore variations.
- Vs: play two engines against each other.
- Demo: the original Minigo demo.
- Leightweight Demo: a lighter weight UI for lower powered devices like Raspberry Pi.
- Kiosk: a selfplay-only kiosk mode.


Natural ability
Cubone uses the bone to attack opponents, using it for his signature attacks: Bone Club and Bounmerang.


WFTOPFA(1) Ghostscript WFTOPFA(1) NAME wftopfa - Convert a Wadalab base font to Postscript .PFA (or .PFB) format using ghostscript SYNOPSIS wftopfa fontname DESCRIPTION This script invokes gs(1) to convert a Wadalab base font to Postscript .PFA (or .PFB) format. SEE ALSO gs(1) VERSION This document was last revised for Ghostscript version 9.05. AUTHOR Artifex Software, Inc. are the primary maintainers of Ghostscript. This manpage by George Ferguson. 9.05 8 February 2012 WFTOPFA(1)