--- layout: doc title: Documentation ---
This chapter is an introduction to using the script management facilities of Proof General. We begin with a quick walkthrough example, then describe the concepts and functions in more detail.
Here’s a short example in Isabelle to see how script management is used. The file you are asked to type below is included in the distribution as ‘isar/Example.thy’. If you’re not using Isabelle, substitute some lines from a simple proof for your proof assistant, or consult the example file supplied with Proof General for your prover, called something like ‘foo/example.foo’ for a proof assistant Foo.
This walkthrough is keyboard based, but you could easily use the toolbar and menu functions instead. The best way to learn Emacs key bindings is by using the menus. You’ll find the keys named below listed on the menus.
proofgeneral
in a terminal,
selecting it from a menu, or simply by starting
Emacs itself.
The notation C-x C-f means control key with ‘x’ followed by
control key with ‘f’. This is a standard notation for Emacs key
bindings, used throughout this manual. This function also appears on
the File
menu of Emacs. The remaining commands used will be on
the Proof-General
menu or toolbar.
If you’re not using Isabelle, you must choose a different file extension, appropriately for your proof assistant. If you don’t know what to use, see the previous chapter for the list of supported assistants and file extensions.
theory Walkthrough imports Main begin; |
This first command begins the definition of a new theory inside
Isabelle, which extends the theory Main
. (We’re assuming that
you have Isabelle/HOL available, which declares the Main
theory. You should be able to see the list of installed logics in
Isabelle on the Logics
menu).
Electric terminator sends commands to the proof assistant as you type
them.
At the moment you type the semicolon, the theory
command will
be sent to Isabelle behind the scenes. First, there is a short delay
while Isabelle is launched; you may see a welcome message. Then, you
may notice that the command briefly is given an orange/pink background
(or shown in inverse video if you don’t have a colour display), before
you see a window containing text like this:
theory Walkthrough |
which reflects the command just executed.
In this case of this first command, it is hard to see the orange/pink stage because the command is processed very quickly on modern machines. But in general, processing commands can take an arbitrary amount of time (or not terminate at all). For this reason, Proof General maintains a queue of commands which are sent one-by-one from the proof script. As Isabelle successfully processes commands in the queue, they will turn from the orange/pink colour into blue.
The blue regions indicate text that has been read by the prover and should not be edited, to avoid confusion between what the prover has processed and what you are looking at. To enforce this (and avoid potentially expensive reprocessing) the blue region can be made read-only. This is controlled by the menu item:
Proof-General -> Quick Options -> Read Only |
The first option ‘Strict Read Only’ was formerly the default for Proof General, and causes the blue region to be locked. Because of this, the term locked region term is used in Proof General documentation to mean the blue portion of the text which has been processed, although it is no longer locked by default. The current default is ‘Undo on Edit’ which causes the prover to undo back to any user edits. So if you change a processed piece of text you will need to re-process it. The final option, ‘Freely Edit’, allows you to freely edit the buffer without causing the prover to reprocess it. This can quickly lead to confusion and a loss of synchronization between what you are reading and what the prover has processed, so it is best used sparingly.
Electric terminator mode is popular, but not enabled by default because of the principle of least surprise. Moreover, in Isabelle, the semicolon terminators are optional so proof scripts are usually written without them to avoid clutter. You’ll notice that although you typed a semi-colon it was not included in the buffer! The electric terminator tries to be smart about comments and strings but sometimes it may be confused (e.g., adding a semi-colon inside an already written comment), or you may need to type several terminator commands together. In this case you can use the standard Emacs quote next character, typing C-q ; to quote the semi-colon. Alternatively you can use a prefix argument, as in M-3 ; to type three semi-colons.
Without using electric terminator, you can trigger processing the text up to the current position of the point with the key C-c C-RET, or just up to the next command with C-c C-n. We show the rest of the example in Isabelle with semi-colons, but these will not appear in the final text.
Coq, on the other hand, requires a full-stop terminator at the end of
each line. If you want to enable electric terminator, use the menu item:
Proof-General -> Quick Options -> Processing -> Electric Terminator
If you want to keep electric terminator enabled all the time, you can
customize Proof General to do so, See section Customizing Proof General. For
the common options, customization is easy: just use the menu item
Proof General -> Quick Options
to make your choices, and
Proof-General -> Quick Options -> Save Options
to save your
choices.
theorem my_theorem: "A & B --> B & A"; |
The goal we have set ourselves to prove should be displayed in the goals buffer.
proof assume "A & C"; |
This will update the goals buffer.
But whoops! That was the wrong command, we typed C
instead
of B
.
Note: BS means the backspace key. This key press sends an undo
command to Isabelle, and deletes the assume
command from the proof
script. If you just want to undo without deleting, you can type
C-c C-u instead, or use the left-arrow toolbar navigation button.
assume "A & B"; |
Which is better.
B
and A
by the
trivial step ..
which splits the assumption using an elimination
step:
then obtain B and A ..; |
..
again, which triggers an introduction rule:
then show "B & A" ..; |
After this proof step, the message from Isabelle indicates that the
proof has succeeded, so we can conclude the proof with the qed
command.
qed; |
This last command closes the proof and saves the proved theorem.
Moving the mouse pointer over the qed command now reveals that the entire proof has been aggregated into a single segment (if you did this before, you would see highlighting of each command separately).
You see that the locked segment for the whole proof is now unlocked (and uncoloured): it is transferred back into the editing region.
The command C-c C-RET moves the end of the locked region to the
cursor position, or as near as possible above or below it, sending
undoing commands or proof commands as necessary. In this case, the
locked region will always be moved back to the end of the theory
line, since that is the closest possible position to the cursor that
appears before it. If you simply want to retract the whole file in
one go, you can use the key C-c C-r (which corresponds to the up
arrow on the toolbar), which will automatically move the cursor to
the top of the file.
theorem and_commutes: "A & B --> B & A" |
You can swiftly replay the rest of the buffer now with C-c C-b (or the down arrow on the toolbar).
end |
to complete the theory.
Notice that if you right-click on one of the highlighted regions in the blue area you will see a context menu for the region. This includes a “show/hide” option for folding a proof, as well as some editing commands for copying the region or rearranging its order in the processed text: “move up/move down”. (These latter commands occasionally help you reorder text without needing to reprove it, although they risk breaking the proof!)
Finally, once you are happy with your theory, you should save the file with C-x C-s before moving on to edit another file or exiting Emacs. If you forget to do this, Proof General or Emacs will surely prompt you sooner or later!
A proof script is a sequence of commands which constructs definitions, declarations, theories, and proofs in a proof assistant. Proof General is designed to work with text-based interactive proof assistants, where the mode of working is usually a dialogue between the human and the proof assistant.
Primitive interfaces for proof assistants simply present a shell (command interpreter) view of this dialogue: the human repeatedly types commands to the shell until the proof is completed. The system responds at each step, perhaps with a new list of subgoals to be solved, or perhaps with a failure report. Proof General manages the dialogue to show the human only the information which is relevant at each step.
Often we want to keep a record of the proof commands used to prove a theorem, to build up a library of proved results. An easy way to store a proof is to keep a text file which contains a proof script; proof assistants usually provide facilities to read a proof script from a file instead of the terminal. Using the file, we can replay the proof script to prove the theorem again.
Using only a primitive shell interface, it can be tedious to construct proof scripts with cut-and-paste. Proof General helps out by issuing commands directly from a proof script file, while it is being written and edited. Proof General can also be used conveniently to replay a proof step-by-step, to see the progress at each stage.
Scripting is the process of building up a proof script file or replaying a proof. When scripting, Proof General sends proof commands to the proof assistant one at a time, and prevents you from editing commands which have been successfully completed by the proof assistant, to keep synchronization. Regions of the proof script are analysed based on their syntax and the behaviour of the proof assistant after each proof command.
A script buffer is a buffer displaying a proof script. Its Emacs mode is particular to the proof assistant you are using (but it inherits from proof-mode).
A script buffer is divided into three regions: locked, queue and editing. The proof commands in the script buffer can include a number of Goal-save sequences.
| 2.3.1 Locked, queue, and editing regions | ||
| 2.3.2 Goal-save sequences | ||
| 2.3.3 Active scripting buffer |
The three regions that a script buffer is divided into are:
These three regions appear in the buffer in the order above; that is, the locked region is always at the start of the buffer, and the editing region always at the end. The queue region only exists if there is input waiting to be processed by the proof process.
Proof General has two fundamental operations which transfer commands between these regions: assertion (or processing) and retraction (or undoing).
Assertion causes commands from the editing region to be transferred to the queue region and sent one by one to the proof process. If the command is accepted, it is transferred to the locked region, but if an error occurs it is signalled to the user, and the offending command is transferred back to the editing region together with any remaining commands in the queue.
Assertion corresponds to processing proof commands, and makes the locked region grow.
Retraction causes commands to be transferred from the locked region to the editing region (again via the queue region) and the appropriate ’undo’ commands to be sent to the proof process.
Retraction corresponds to undoing commands, and makes the locked region shrink. For details of the commands available for doing assertion and retraction, See section Script processing commands.
A proof script contains a sequence of commands used to prove one or more theorems.
As commands in a proof script are transferred to the locked region, they
are aggregated into segments which constitute the smallest units which
can be undone. Typically a segment consists of a declaration or
definition, or all the text from a goal command to the
corresponding save (e.g. qed
) command, or the individual
commands in the proof of an unfinished goal. As the mouse moves over
the the region, the segment containing the pointer will be highlighted.
Proof General therefore assumes that the proof script has a series of proofs which look something like this:
goal mythm is G … save theorem mythm |
interspersed with comments, definitions, and the like. Of course, the exact syntax and terminology will depend on the proof assistant you use.
The name mythm can appear in a menu for the proof script to help quickly find a proof (see section Imenu and Speedbar).
You can edit as many script buffers as you want simultaneously, but only one buffer at a time can be used to process a proof script incrementally: this is the active scripting buffer.
The active scripting buffer has a special indicator: the word
Scripting
appears in its mode line at the bottom of
the screen. This is coloured to indicate the status:
if it has a pink or blue background, the prover is processing the
text (busy when pink). If it is in green, the buffer is
completely processed.
When you use a scripting command, it will automatically turn a buffer into the active scripting mode. You can also do this by hand, via the menu command ’Toggle Scripting’ or the key C-c C-s.
proof-toggle-active-scripting
When active scripting mode is turned on, several things may happen to
get ready for scripting (exactly what happens depends on which proof
assistant you are using and some user settings). First, the proof
assistant is started if it is not already running. Second, a command is
sent to the proof assistant to change directory to the directory of the
current buffer. If the current buffer corresponds to a file, this is
the directory the file lives in. This is in case any scripting commands
refer to files in the same directory as the script. The third thing
that may happen is that you are prompted to save some unsaved buffers.
This is in case any scripting commands may read in files which you are
editing. Finally, some proof assistants may automatically read in
files which the current file depends on implicitly. In Isabelle, for
example, there is an implicit dependency between a .ML
script
file and a .thy
theory file which defines its theory.
If you have a partly processed scripting buffer and use C-c C-s,
or you attempt to use script processing in a new buffer, Proof General
will ask you if you want to retract what has been proved so far,
Scripting incomplete in buffer myproof.v, retract?
or if you want to process the remainder of the active buffer,
Completely process buffer myproof.v instead?
before you can start scripting in a new buffer. If you refuse to do
either, Proof General will give an error message:
Cannot have more than one active scripting buffer!
.
To turn off active scripting, the buffer must be completely processed (all blue), or completely unprocessed. There are two reasons for this. First, it would certainly be confusing if it were possible to split parts of a proof arbitrarily between different buffers; the dependency between the commands would be lost and it would be tricky to replay the proof.(3) Second, we want to interface with file management in the proof assistant. Proof General assumes that a proof assistant may have a notion of which files have been processed, but that it will only record files that have been completely processed. For more explanation of the handling of multiple files, See section Switching between proof scripts.
Toggle active scripting mode in the current buffer.
With arg, turn on scripting iff arg is positive.
Proof General manages several kinds of buffers in Emacs. Here is a summary of the different kinds of buffers you will use when developing proofs.
Normally Proof General will automatically reveal and hide the goals and response buffers as necessary during scripting. However there are ways to customize the way the buffers are displayed, for example, to prevent auxiliary buffers being displayed at all (see section Display customization).
The menu Proof General -> Buffers
provides a convenient way to
display or switch to a Proof General buffer: the active scripting
buffer; the goal or response buffer; the tracing buffer; or the shell
buffer. Another command on this menu, Clear Responses
, clears
the response and tracing buffer.
Proof General provides a few functions for editing proof scripts. The generic functions mainly consist of commands to navigate within the script. Specific proof assistant code may add more to these basics.
Indentation is controlled by the user option proof-script-indent
(see section User options). When indentation is enabled, Proof General
will indent lines of proof script with the usual Emacs functions,
particularly TAB, indent-for-tab-command
.
Unfortunately, indentation in Proof General 4.6-git is somewhat
slow.
Here are the commands for moving around in a proof script, with their default key-bindings:
proof-goto-command-start
proof-goto-command-end
proof-goto-end-of-locked
Move point to start of current (or final) command of the script.
Set point to end of command at point.
The variable proof-terminal-string
is a prover-specific string
to terminate proof commands. LEGO and Isabelle used a semicolon,
‘;’. Coq employs a full-stop ‘.’.
Jump to the end of the locked region, maybe switching to script buffer.
If called interactively or switch is non-nil, switch to script buffer.
If called interactively, a mark is set at the current location with ‘push-mark
’
Here are the commands for asserting and retracting portions of the proof
script, together with their default key-bindings. Sometimes assertion
and retraction commands can only be issued when the queue is empty. You
will get an error message Proof Process Busy!
if you try to
assert or retract when the queue is being processed.(4)
proof-assert-next-command-interactive
proof-undo-last-successful-command
proof-undo-and-delete-successful-command
proof-goto-point
proof-process-buffer
proof-retract-buffer
proof-electric-terminator-toggle
The last command, proof-electric-terminator-toggle
, is triggered
using the character which terminates proof commands for your proof
assistant’s script language. LEGO and Isabelle used C-c ;,
for Coq, use C-c .. This not really a script processing
command. Instead, if enabled, it causes subsequent key presses of
; or . to automatically activate
proof-assert-next-command-interactive
for convenience.
Rather than use a file command inside the proof assistant to read a
proof script, a good reason to use C-c C-b
(proof-process-buffer
) is that with a faulty proof script (e.g.,
a script you are adapting to prove a different theorem), Proof General
will stop exactly where the proof script fails, showing you the error
message and the last processed command. So you can easily continue
development from exactly the right place in the script.
In normal development, one often jumps into the middle or to the
end of some file, because this is the point, where a lemma must
be added or a definition must be fixed. Before starting the real
work, one needs to assert the file up to that point, usually with
C-c C-RET (proof-goto-point
). Even for medium sized
files, asserting a big portion can take several seconds. There
are different ways to speed this process up.
proof-omit-proofs-option
to t
to
omit complete opaque proofs when larger chunks are asserted. A
proof is opaque, if its proof script or proof term cannot
influence the following code. In Coq, opaque proofs are finished
with Qed
, non-opaque ones with Defined
. When this
omit proofs feature is configured, complete opaque proofs are
silently replace with a suitable cheating command
(Admitted
for Coq) before sending the proof to the proof
assistant. For files with big proofs this can bring down the
processing time to 10% with the obvious disadvantage that errors
in the omitted proofs go unnoticed. For checking the proofs
occasionally, a prefix argument for proof-goto-point
and
proof-process-buffer
causes these commands to disregard
the setting of proof-omit-proofs-option
. Currently, the
omit proofs feature is only supported for Coq.
Here is the full set of script processing commands.
Process until the end of the next unprocessed command after point.
If inside a comment, just process until the start of the comment.
Undo last successful command at end of locked region.
Undo and delete last successful command at end of locked region.
Useful if you typed completely the wrong command.
Also handy for proof by pointing, in case the last proof-by-pointing
command took the proof in a direction you don’t like.
Notice that the deleted command is put into the Emacs kill ring, so you can use the usual ‘yank’ and similar commands to retrieve the deleted text.
Assert or retract to the command at current position.
Calls ‘proof-assert-until-point
’ or ‘proof-retract-until-point
’ as
appropriate.
With prefix argument raw, the activation of the omit proofs feature
(‘proof-omit-proofs-option
’) is temporarily toggled,
so we can chose whether to check all proofs in the asserted region,
or to merely assume them and save time.
Process the current (or script) buffer, and maybe move point to the end.
With prefix argument raw, the activation of the omit proofs feature
(‘proof-omit-proofs-option
’) is temporarily toggled,
so we can chose whether to check all proofs in the asserted region,
or to merely assume them and save time.
Retract the current buffer, and maybe move point to the start.
Point is only moved according to ‘proof-follow-mode
’, if
called-interactively is non-nil, which is the case for all
interactive calls.
Toggle ‘proof-electric-terminator-enable
’. With arg, turn on iff ARG>0.
This function simply uses customize-set-variable
to set the variable.
Process the region from the end of the locked-region until point.
If inside a comment, just process until the start of the comment.
Tell the proof process to retract until point.
If invoked outside a locked region, undo the last successfully processed
command. If called with a prefix argument (delete-region non-nil), also
delete the retracted region from the proof-script.
As experienced Emacs users will know, a prefix argument is a numeric
argument supplied by some key sequence typed before a command key
sequence. You can supply a specific number by typing <Meta> with
the digits, or a “universal” prefix of C-u. See
See (emacs)Arguments for more details. Several Proof General
commands, like proof-retract-until-point-interactive
, may accept
a prefix argument to adjust their behaviour somehow.
There are several commands for interacting with the proof assistant and Proof General, which do not involve the proof script. Here are the key-bindings and functions.
proof-display-some-buffers
proof-prf
proof-ctxt
proof-help
proof-query-identifier
proof-find-theorems
pg-response-clear-displays
proof-interrupt-process
proof-minibuffer-cmd
proof-shell-start
proof-shell-exit
Display the response, trace, goals, or shell buffer, rotating.
A fixed number of repetitions of this command switches back to
the same buffer.
Also move point to the end of the response buffer if it’s selected.
If in three window or multiple frame mode, display two buffers.
The idea of this function is to change the window->buffer mapping
without adjusting window layout.
Show the current proof state.
Issues a command to the assistant based on proof-showproof-command
.
Show the current context.
Issues a command to the assistant based on proof-context-command
.
Show a help or information message from the proof assistant.
Typically, a list of syntax of commands available.
Issues a command to the assistant based on proof-info-command
.
Query the prover about the identifier string.
If called interactively, string defaults to the current word near point.
Search for items containing given constants.
Issues a command based on arg to the assistant, using proof-find-theorems-command
.
The user is prompted for an argument.
Clear Proof General response and tracing buffers.
You can use this command to clear the output from these buffers when
it becomes overly long. Particularly useful when ‘proof-tidy-response
’
is set to nil, so responses are not cleared automatically.
Interrupt the proof assistant. Warning! This may confuse Proof General.
This sends an interrupt signal to the proof assistant, if Proof General thinks it is busy.
This command is risky because we don’t know whether the last command succeeded or not. The assumption is that it didn’t, which should be true most of the time, and all of the time if the proof assistant has a careful handling of interrupt signals.
Some provers may ignore (and lose) interrupt signals, or fail to indicate that they have been acted upon yet stop in the middle of output. In the first case, PG will terminate the queue of commands at the first available point. In the second case, you may need to press enter inside the prover command buffer (e.g., with Isabelle2009 press RET inside isabelle).
Send cmd to proof assistant. Interactively, read from minibuffer.
The command isn’t added to the locked region.
If a prefix arg is given and there is a selected region, that is pasted into the command. This is handy for copying terms, etc from the script.
If ‘proof-strict-state-preserving
’ is set, and ‘proof-state-preserving-p
’
is configured, then the latter is used as a check that the command
will be safe to execute, in other words, that it won’t ruin
synchronization. If when applied to the command it returns false,
then an error message is given.
warning: this command risks spoiling synchronization if the test
‘proof-state-preserving-p
’ is not configured, if it is
only an approximate test, or if ‘proof-strict-state-preserving
’
is off (nil).
As if the last two commands weren’t risky enough, there’s also a command which explicitly adjusts the end of the locked region, to be used in extreme circumstances only. See section Escaping script management.
There are a few commands for starting, stopping, and restarting the proof assistant process. The first two have key bindings but restart does not. As with any Emacs command, you can invoke these with M-x followed by the command name.
Initialise a shell-like buffer for a proof assistant.
Does nothing if proof assistant is already running.
Also generates goal and response buffers.
If ‘proof-prog-name-ask
’ is set, query the user for the
process command.
Query the user and exit the proof process.
This simply kills the ‘proof-shell-buffer
’ relying on the hook function
‘proof-shell-kill-function
’ to do the hard work. If optional
argument dont-ask is non-nil, the proof process is terminated
without confirmation.
The kill function uses ‘<PA>-quit-timeout’ as a timeout to wait
after sending ‘proof-shell-quit-cmd
’ before rudely killing the process.
This function should not be called if
‘proof-shell-exit-in-progress
’ is t, because a recursive call of
‘proof-shell-kill-function
’ will give strange errors.
Clear script buffers and send ‘proof-shell-restart-cmd
’.
All locked regions are cleared and the active scripting buffer
deactivated.
If the proof shell is busy, an interrupt is sent with
‘proof-interrupt-process
’ and we wait until the process is ready.
The restart command should re-synchronize Proof General with the proof assistant, without actually exiting and restarting the proof assistant process.
It is up to the proof assistant how much context is cleared: for example, theories already loaded may be "cached" in some way, so that loading them the next time round only performs a re-linking operation, not full re-processing. (One way of caching is via object files, used by Coq).
The toolbar provides a selection of functions for asserting and retracting portions of the script, issuing non-scripting commands to inspect the prover’s state, and inserting "goal" and "save" type commands. The latter functions are not available on keys, but are available from the from the menu, or via M-x, as well as the toolbar.
Write a goal command in the script, prompting for the goal.
Issues a command based on arg to the assistant, using proof-goal-command
.
The user is prompted for an argument.
Write a save/qed command in the script, prompting for the theorem name.
Issues a command based on arg to the assistant, using proof-save-command
.
The user is prompted for an argument.
If your prover generates output which is recognized as tracing output in
Proof General, you may need to know about a special provision for
interrupting the prover process.
If the trace output is voluminous, perhaps looping, it may be difficult
to interrupt with the ordinary C-c C-c
(proof-interrupt-process
) or the corresponding button/menu. In
this case, you should try Emacs’s quit key, C-g. This will
cause a quit in any current editing commands, as usual, but during
tracing output it will also send an interrupt signal to the prover.
Hopefully this will stop the tracing output, and Emacs should catch up
after a short delay.
Here’s an explanation of the reason for this special provision. When
large volumes of output from the prover arrive quickly in Emacs, as
typically is the case during tracing (especially tracing looping
tactics!), Emacs may hog the CPU and spend all its time updating the
display with the trace output. This is especially the case when
features like output fontification and token display are active. If
this happens, ordinary user input in Emacs is not processed, and it
becomes difficult to do normal editing. The root of the problem is that
Emacs runs in a single thread, and pending process output is dealt with
before pending user input. Whether or not you see this problem depends
partly on the processing power of your machine (or CPU available to
Emacs when the prover is running). One way to test is to start an Emacs
shell with M-x shell and type a command such as yes
which
produces output indefinitely. Now see if you can interrupt the process!
(Warning — on slower machines especially, this can cause lockups, so
use a fresh Emacs.)
This document was generated on April 14, 2023 using texi2html 1.82.


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| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |
java.lang.Object org.monte.media.imgseq.ImageSequenceWriter
public class ImageSequenceWriter
ImageSequenceWriter
.
| Constructor Summary | |
|---|---|
ImageSequenceWriter()
|
| Method Summary | |
|---|---|
int |
addTrack(Format format)
Adds a track to the writer for a suggested input format. |
int |
addVideoTrack(java.io.File dir,
java.lang.String filenameFormatter,
int width,
int height)
Adds a video track. |
void |
close()
Closes the writer. |
Rational |
getDuration(int track)
Returns the sampleDuration of the track in seconds. |
Format |
getFileFormat()
Returns the file format. |
Format |
getFormat(int track)
Returns the media format of the specified track. |
int |
getTrackCount()
Returns the number of tracks. |
boolean |
isDataLimitReached()
Returns true if the limit for media data has been reached. |
boolean |
isEmpty(int track)
Returns true if the specified track has no samples. |
boolean |
isVFRSupported()
|
void |
write(int track,
Buffer buf)
Writes a sample into the specified track. |
void |
write(int track,
java.awt.image.BufferedImage image,
long duration)
|
void |
writeSample(int track,
byte[] data,
int off,
int len,
long duration,
boolean isSync)
|
void |
writeSamples(int track,
int sampleCount,
byte[] data,
int off,
int len,
long sampleDuration,
boolean isSync)
|
| Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
|---|
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait |
| Constructor Detail |
|---|
public ImageSequenceWriter()
| Method Detail |
|---|
public int addTrack(Format format) throws java.io.IOException
MovieWriter
The format should at least specify the desired FormatKeys.MediaType
.
The actual input format is a refined version of the suggested format. For
example, if a MovieWriter only supports fixed frame rate video, then the
MovieWriter will extend the format with that information.
If the suggested input format is not compatible, then an IOException is thrown. For example, if a MovieWriter only supports fixed frame rate video, but a format with variable frame rate was requested.
addTrack
in interface MovieWriter
format
- The desired input format of the track. The actual input
format may be a refined version of the specified format.
java.io.IOException
public Format getFileFormat() throws java.io.IOException
MovieWriter
getFileFormat
in interface MovieWriter
java.io.IOException
public int getTrackCount()
MovieWriter
getTrackCount
in interface MovieWriter
public Format getFormat(int track)
MovieWriter
MovieWriter.addTrack(org.monte.media.Format)
.
getFormat
in interface MovieWriter
track
- Track number.
public int addVideoTrack(java.io.File dir, java.lang.String filenameFormatter, int width, int height)
dir
- The output directory.filenameFormatter
- a format string for a filename with a number,
for example "frame_%d0000$.png";width
- the image widthheight
- the image height
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
- if the width or the height is smaller
than 1.public void write(int track, java.awt.image.BufferedImage image, long duration) throws java.io.IOException
java.io.IOException
public void write(int track, Buffer buf) throws java.io.IOException
MovieWriter
write
in interface MovieWriter
write
in interface Multiplexer
track
- The track number.buf
- The buffer containing the sample data.
java.io.IOException
public void writeSample(int track, byte[] data, int off, int len, long duration, boolean isSync) throws java.io.IOException
java.io.IOException
public void writeSamples(int track, int sampleCount, byte[] data, int off, int len, long sampleDuration, boolean isSync) throws java.io.IOException
java.io.IOException
public void close() throws java.io.IOException
MovieWriter
close
in interface MovieWriter
close
in interface Multiplexer
java.io.IOException
public boolean isVFRSupported()
public boolean isDataLimitReached()
MovieWriter
This limit is imposed by data structures of the movie file which will overflow if more samples are added to the movie.
FIXME - Maybe replace by getCapacity():long.
isDataLimitReached
in interface MovieWriter
public Rational getDuration(int track)
getDuration
in interface MovieWriter
public boolean isEmpty(int track)
MovieWriter
isEmpty
in interface MovieWriter
|
Copyright 2013-01-06 Werner Randelshofer | ||||||||
| PREV CLASS NEXT CLASS | FRAMES NO FRAMES | ||||||||
| SUMMARY: NESTED | FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD | DETAIL: FIELD | CONSTR | METHOD |


VILLA CORNEJO CARLOS
I grew up in Illinois now I reside in Mexico City. My English level is fluent with the ability to translate. Current experience is Customer Service Support and leadership skills obtained through out my job history. I have been at positions of leadership where I had to provide coaching and helped agents develop skills so they can make decisions on their own. I am looking for a job that is remote, has opportunities of growth and it is a long-term position.


In this section, specify whether and how to remove a file from version control when the file is deleted:
- Show options before removing from version control:
files removed locally are also removed from VCS after you have selected it in the dialog that opens.
- Remove silently:
all files removed locally are removed from VCS without asking for confirmation.
- Do not remove:
files removed locally remain under version control.


Class MixedRealitySpatialAwarenessSystem
Class providing the default implementation of the IMixedRealitySpatialAwarenessSystem interface.
Inheritance
Implements
Inherited Members
Namespace: XRTK.Services.SpatialAwarenessSystem
Assembly: XRTK.dll
Syntax
public class MixedRealitySpatialAwarenessSystem : BaseEventSystem, IMixedRealitySpatialAwarenessSystem, IMixedRealityEventSystem, IMixedRealityService, IDisposable
Constructors
| Improve this Doc View SourceMixedRealitySpatialAwarenessSystem(BaseMixedRealityProfile)
Constructor.
Declaration
public MixedRealitySpatialAwarenessSystem(BaseMixedRealityProfile profile)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BaseMixedRealityProfile | profile |
Properties
| Improve this Doc View SourceDetectedSpatialObservers
List of the spatial observers as detected by the spatial awareness system.
Declaration
public HashSet<IMixedRealitySpatialObserverDataProvider> DetectedSpatialObservers { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| HashSet<IMixedRealitySpatialObserverDataProvider> |
SpatialAwarenessRootParent
Parent GameObject which will encapsulate all of the spatial awareness system created scene objects.
Declaration
public GameObject SpatialAwarenessRootParent { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| GameObject |
SpatialMeshesParent
Parent GameObject which will encapsulate all of the system created SpatialMeshObjects.
Declaration
public GameObject SpatialMeshesParent { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| GameObject |
SurfacesParent
Parent GameObject which will encapsulate all of the system created mesh objects.
Declaration
public GameObject SurfacesParent { get; }
Property Value
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| GameObject |
Methods
| Improve this Doc View SourceDestroy()
Optional Destroy function to perform cleanup of the service before the Mixed Reality Toolkit is destroyed.
Declaration
public override void Destroy()
Overrides
| Improve this Doc View SourceGenerateNewObserverId()
Generates a new unique observer id.
Declaration
public uint GenerateNewObserverId()
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| UInt32 | a new unique Id for the observer. |
Initialize()
The initialize function is used to setup the service once created. This method is called once all services have been registered in the Mixed Reality Toolkit.
Declaration
public override void Initialize()
Overrides
| Improve this Doc View SourceIsObserverRunning(IMixedRealitySpatialObserverDataProvider)
Indicates the current running state of the spatial awareness observer.
Declaration
public bool IsObserverRunning(IMixedRealitySpatialObserverDataProvider observer)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| IMixedRealitySpatialObserverDataProvider | observer |
Returns
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Boolean |
RaiseMeshAdded(IMixedRealitySpatialMeshObserver, SpatialMeshObject)
The spatial awareness system will call the OnMeshAdded(MixedRealitySpatialAwarenessEventData<T>) method to indicate a mesh has been added.
Declaration
public void RaiseMeshAdded(IMixedRealitySpatialMeshObserver observer, SpatialMeshObject spatialMeshObject)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| IMixedRealitySpatialMeshObserver | observer | |
| SpatialMeshObject | spatialMeshObject |
Remarks
This method is to be called by implementations of the IMixedRealitySpatialMeshObserver interface, and not by application code.
RaiseMeshRemoved(IMixedRealitySpatialMeshObserver, SpatialMeshObject)
The spatial awareness system will call the OnMeshUpdated(MixedRealitySpatialAwarenessEventData<T>) method to indicate an existing mesh has been removed.
Declaration
public void RaiseMeshRemoved(IMixedRealitySpatialMeshObserver observer, SpatialMeshObject spatialMeshObject)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| IMixedRealitySpatialMeshObserver | observer | |
| SpatialMeshObject | spatialMeshObject |
Remarks
This method is to be called by implementations of the IMixedRealitySpatialMeshObserver interface, and not by application code.
RaiseMeshUpdated(IMixedRealitySpatialMeshObserver, SpatialMeshObject)
The spatial awareness system will call the OnMeshUpdated(MixedRealitySpatialAwarenessEventData<T>) method to indicate an existing mesh has been updated.
Declaration
public void RaiseMeshUpdated(IMixedRealitySpatialMeshObserver observer, SpatialMeshObject spatialMeshObject)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| IMixedRealitySpatialMeshObserver | observer | |
| SpatialMeshObject | spatialMeshObject |
Remarks
This method is to be called by implementations of the IMixedRealitySpatialMeshObserver interface, and not by application code.
RaiseSpatialAwarenessObserverDetected(IMixedRealitySpatialObserverDataProvider)
Raise the event that a IMixedRealitySpatialObserverDataProvider has been detected.
Declaration
public void RaiseSpatialAwarenessObserverDetected(IMixedRealitySpatialObserverDataProvider observer)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| IMixedRealitySpatialObserverDataProvider | observer |
RaiseSpatialAwarenessObserverLost(IMixedRealitySpatialObserverDataProvider)
Raise the event that a IMixedRealitySpatialObserverDataProvider has been lost.
Declaration
public void RaiseSpatialAwarenessObserverLost(IMixedRealitySpatialObserverDataProvider observer)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| IMixedRealitySpatialObserverDataProvider | observer |
RaiseSurfaceAdded(IMixedRealitySurfaceObserver, Int32, GameObject)
The spatial awareness system will call the OnSurfaceAdded(MixedRealitySpatialAwarenessEventData<T>) method to indicate a planar surface has been added.
Declaration
public void RaiseSurfaceAdded(IMixedRealitySurfaceObserver observer, int surfaceId, GameObject surfaceObject)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| IMixedRealitySurfaceObserver | observer | |
| Int32 | surfaceId | Value identifying the surface. |
| GameObject | surfaceObject | The surface GameObject. |
Remarks
This method is to be called by implementations of the IMixedRealitySurfaceObserver interface, and not by application code.
RaiseSurfaceRemoved(IMixedRealitySurfaceObserver, Int32)
The spatial awareness system will call the OnSurfaceUpdated(MixedRealitySpatialAwarenessEventData<T>) method to indicate an existing planar surface has been removed.
Declaration
public void RaiseSurfaceRemoved(IMixedRealitySurfaceObserver observer, int surfaceId)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| IMixedRealitySurfaceObserver | observer | |
| Int32 | surfaceId | Value identifying the surface. |
Remarks
This method is to be called by implementations of the IMixedRealitySurfaceObserver interface, and not by application code.
RaiseSurfaceUpdated(IMixedRealitySurfaceObserver, Int32, GameObject)
The spatial awareness system will call the OnSurfaceUpdated(MixedRealitySpatialAwarenessEventData<T>) method to indicate an existing planar surface has been updated.
Declaration
public void RaiseSurfaceUpdated(IMixedRealitySurfaceObserver observer, int surfaceId, GameObject surfaceObject)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| IMixedRealitySurfaceObserver | observer | |
| Int32 | surfaceId | Value identifying the surface. |
| GameObject | surfaceObject | The surface GameObject. |
Remarks
This method is to be called by implementations of the IMixedRealitySurfaceObserver interface, and not by application code.
StartObserver(IMixedRealitySpatialObserverDataProvider)
Starts / restarts the spatial observer.
Declaration
public void StartObserver(IMixedRealitySpatialObserverDataProvider observer)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| IMixedRealitySpatialObserverDataProvider | observer |
Remarks
This will cause spatial awareness events to resume.
SuspendObserver(IMixedRealitySpatialObserverDataProvider)
Stops / pauses the spatial observer.
Declaration
public void SuspendObserver(IMixedRealitySpatialObserverDataProvider observer)
Parameters
| Type | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| IMixedRealitySpatialObserverDataProvider | observer |
Remarks
This will cause spatial awareness events to be suspended until ResumeObserver is called.


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Water is flowing from down from the top of the mountain but is getting stopped along the way. Change the logic gates to get the water flowing to the bottom.


Bugsnag Python: Bottle example
This page is a basic example of how to include bugsnag-python in a bottle app.
Click below to send errors to your Bugsnag dashboard.
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apache_beam.io.gcp.pubsub module¶
Google Cloud PubSub sources and sinks.
Cloud Pub/Sub sources and sinks are currently supported only in streaming pipelines, during remote execution.
This API is currently under development and is subject to change.
- Description of common arguments used in this module:
- topic: Cloud Pub/Sub topic in the form “projects/<project>/topics/<topic>”.
- If provided, subscription must be None.
- subscription: Existing Cloud Pub/Sub subscription to use in the
- form “projects/<project>/subscriptions/<subscription>”. If not specified, a temporary subscription will be created from the specified topic. If provided, topic must be None.
-
class
apache_beam.io.gcp.pubsub.
PubsubMessage
(payload, attributes)[source]¶ Bases:
object
Represents a message from Cloud Pub/Sub.
This interface is experimental. No backwards compatibility guarantees.
-
payload
¶ (str) Message payload, as a byte string.
-
attributes
¶ (dict) Map of string to string.
Constructs a message.
Beam users should not directly construct
PubsubMessages
.-
-
class
apache_beam.io.gcp.pubsub.
ReadFromPubSub
(topic=None, subscription=None, id_label=None, timestamp_attribute=None)[source]¶ Bases:
apache_beam.transforms.ptransform.PTransform
A
PTransform
for reading from Cloud Pub/Sub.Initializes
ReadFromPubSub
.Parameters: - id_label – The attribute on incoming Pub/Sub messages to use as a unique record identifier. When specified, the value of this attribute (which can be any string that uniquely identifies the record) will be used for deduplication of messages. If not provided, we cannot guarantee that no duplicate data will be delivered on the Pub/Sub stream. In this case, deduplication of the stream will be strictly best effort.
- timestamp_attribute –
Message value to use as element timestamp. If None, uses message publishing time as the timestamp.
Timestamp values should be in one of two formats:
- A numerical value representing the number of milliseconds since the Unix epoch.
- A string in RFC 3339 format, UTC timezone. Example:
2015-10-29T23:41:41.123Z
. The sub-second component of the timestamp is optional, and digits beyond the first three (i.e., time units smaller than milliseconds) may be ignored.
-
class
apache_beam.io.gcp.pubsub.
ReadStringsFromPubSub
(topic=None, subscription=None, id_label=None)[source]¶ Bases:
apache_beam.transforms.ptransform.PTransform
A
PTransform
for reading utf-8 string payloads from Cloud Pub/Sub.Outputs elements of type
unicode
, decoded from UTF-8.This class is deprecated.
-
class
apache_beam.io.gcp.pubsub.
WriteStringsToPubSub
(topic)[source]¶ Bases:
apache_beam.transforms.ptransform.PTransform
A
PTransform
for writing utf-8 string payloads to Cloud Pub/Sub.Initializes
WriteStringsToPubSub
.-
topic
¶ Cloud Pub/Sub topic in the form “/topics/<project>/<topic>”.
-


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block title %} Register {% endblock %} {% block main %} Register Track expenses in minutes. Username Password Password (again) Monthly Budget Register Already have an account? Login. {% endblock %}
Track expenses in minutes.
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MIAMI RHAPSODY A film review by James Berardinelli Copyright 1995 James Berardinelli
RATING (0 TO 10): 6.5
Date Released: 2/3/95 (wide) Running Length: 1:35 Rated: PG-13 (Mature themes, language)
Starring: Sarah Jessica Parker, Gil Bellows, Mia Farrow, Paul Mazursky, Antonio Bandaras, Carla Gugino, Kevin Pollack, Barbara Garrick, Bo Eason Director: David Frankel Producer: Barry Jossen and David Frankel Screenplay: David Frankel Cinematography: Jack Wallner Music: Mark Isham Released by Hollywood Pictures
Presumably, after making thirteen movies with Woody Allen, Mia Farrow has been missing the wry human insight and cleverly-concocted scripts which characterize Allen's work. For obvious reasons, however, a Farrow/Allen corroboration isn't anywhere on the horizon. So what's the actress to do? Perhaps try something a little different, somewhat similar, and obviously inferior. How about MIAMI RHAPSODY, or, by another name, Woody Allen lite?
Make no mistakes, those expecting something along the lines of ANNIE HALL or HANNAH AND HER SISTERS are going to be disappointed. What writer/director David Frankel has managed with MIAMI RHAPSODY is to capture some of the feel of an Allen movie without nearly the same degree of intelligence or character realization. This film stands up reasonably well against most contenders, provided you don't consider the really good ones.
MIAMI RHAPSODY is an anthology picture featuring no less than nine significant characters. Of necessity, lots of corners get cut and, predictably, storylines are stripped to the bare bones. The person around whom all the action swirls in Gwyn, a young copy writer who is trying to decide whether or not she's ready for marriage. As portrayed by Sarah Jessica Parker, she's great with the barbed one-liners ("All the good moments are happening to someone else", "You have the subtlety of a woodpecker", "It's always natural for the female to be in agony") but weak on emotions. As her potential fiance observes, all she wants to do is talk, and this diffuses any straight dramatic focus.
Everyone Gwyn knows seems to be cheating. Her brother, Jordan (Kevin Pollack), has left his pregnant wife (Barbara Garrick) for a shapely model. Her sister, Leslie (Carla Gugino), not yet three months married, is sleeping with someone else.  At least Gwyn's intended, Matt (Gil Bellows), is faithful... not to mention boring.
To Frankel's credit, he doesn't stay true to the easy romantic comedy model. This is largely due to the Allen influence, but it gives MIAMI RHAPSODY a certain element of freshness. Quite a few of the jokes are funny; the characters are generally affable, if not tremendously well fleshed out; and the story flows smoothly. Often, MIAMI RHAPSODY attains the flavor of an intelligently-written TV sitcom.
MIAMI RHAPSODY probably aspires to something more grand than it succeeds at. In attempting to explore the question "Is marriage, as one compromise after another, worth it?", the movie gives us glimpses of a variety of successful and failing relationships, but spends too much time on quips and too little on exploring lives. In proceeding in this manner, MIAMI RHAPSODY proves that even with Mia Farrow, Frankel still has a long way to go to equal Allen.
- James Berardinelli<EMAIL_ADDRESS>.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


A closure declaration. More...
#include <ast.hh>
Public Member Functions | |
| Obj | interpretClosure (Interpreter::Context &c, MysoreScript::Closure *self, Obj *args) |
| Interprets the closure in the current context. More... | |
| Obj | interpretMethod (Interpreter::Context &c, MysoreScript::Method *mth, Obj self, MysoreScript::Selector sel, Obj *args) |
| Interprets the closure, assuming that it is a method. More... | |
| Public Member Functions inherited from AST::Expression | |
| virtual bool | isConstantExpression () |
| Returns true if the expression is constant and therefore doesn't need interpreting every time. More... | |
| Obj | evaluate (Interpreter::Context &c) |
| Evaluate the expression, caching the result if it's a constant expression. | |
| void | interpret (Interpreter::Context &c) overridefinal |
| Interpret this expression as if it were a statement. | |
| void | compile (Compiler::Context &c) overridefinal |
| Compile this expression as if it were a statement. | |
Public Attributes | |
| ASTPtr< Identifier > | name |
| The name of this closure. | |
| ASTPtr< ParamList > | parameters |
| The parameter list. | |
| ASTPtr< Statements > | body |
| The statements that make up the body of the closure. | |
Protected Member Functions | |
| Obj | evaluateExpr (Interpreter::Context &c) override |
| Evaluate this closure, returning the closure object representing it. More... | |
| llvm::Value * | compileExpression (Compiler::Context &c) override |
| Compile the closure declaration. More... | |
Additional Inherited Members | |
| Protected Attributes inherited from AST::Expression | |
| Interpreter::Value | cache |
| Cached result for constant expression. | |
A closure declaration.
Closures in MysoreScript represent methods, functions, or true closures.
|
overrideprotectedvirtual |
Compile the closure declaration.
This does not compile the closure itself, it merely generates code that constructs a Closure
object with the correct bound variables.
Implements AST::Expression.
Definition at line 356 of file compiler.cc.
|
overrideprotectedvirtual |
Evaluate this closure, returning the closure object representing it.
This is not invoked for methods, because classes are responsible for creating the method table entries corresponding to their methods.
Implements AST::Expression.
Definition at line 486 of file interpreter.cc.
| Obj ClosureDecl::interpretClosure | ( | Interpreter::Context & | c, |
| MysoreScript::Closure * | self, | ||
| Obj * | args | ||
| ) |
Interprets the closure in the current context.
When closures are created, one of their instance variables is the AST for that closure, the remaining fields are the bound variables
Definition at line 565 of file interpreter.cc.
| Obj ClosureDecl::interpretMethod | ( | Interpreter::Context & | c, |
| MysoreScript::Method * | mth, | ||
| Obj | self, | ||
| MysoreScript::Selector | sel, | ||
| Obj * | args | ||
| ) |
Interprets the closure, assuming that it is a method.
The AST is stored in the class, so can be looked up when the method must be executed.
Definition at line 515 of file interpreter.cc.


Not only has #Bitcoin broken out of its bear flag pattern, projecting a move to $6K, but the head and shoulders pattern that I mention was forming over the weekend has now been confirmed as well. If this pattern completes it projects a much larger decline, perhaps as low ...


Research Interests
I have great interest in Numerical Methods and Applications of Partial Differential Equation in computing materials, especially for the micromagnetics. I'm also interested in the Numerical Methods and Applications of Density Functional Theory, such as the molecular dynamics simulation, electronic structure calculations etc., . The Machine Learning Theory and Applications with high dimensional PDEs is quite significant project that I follow up. My research projects involve the following aspects:
- Numerical Methods and Analysis For Partial Differential Equation
- Micomagnetics Simulations
- Machine Learning and It's Applications to Solve the High Dimensional PDEs
- Optimal Transport
- Deep Learning
- Optimization on the Micromagnetics
- Multiscale Methods of Elliptic Problems
- Molecular Dynamics Simulations
- Algorithms on the Electronic Structure Calculations
My research statement can be downloaded at Research Statement.
Projects for fun
MuMag Standard Problem Statements (from NIST muMag)
problem 1 Setup
Material parameters (To mimic permalloy): Exchange constant A = 1.3e-11 J/m, Saturation magnetization M = 8.0e5 A/m, Anisotropy constant K = 500 J/m^3
du96a
fr96a
lu96a
mo96a
ts96a
ts96b
pb97a
zn97a
problem 2 Setup
problem 3 Setup
problem 4 Setup
- Field 1: µ_0 H_x=-24.6 mT, µ_0 H_y= 4.3 mT, µ_0 H_z= 0.0 mT which is a field approximately 25 mT, directed 170 degrees counterclockwise from the positive x axis
- Field 2: µ_0 H_x=-35.5 mT, µ_0 H_y=-6.3 mT, µ_0 H_z= 0.0 mT which is a field approximately 36 mT, directed 190 degrees counterclockwise from the positive x axis
- The (x,y,z) components of the spatially averaged magnetization of the sample as a function of time from t=0 until the sample reaches equilibrium in the new field;
- An image of the magnetization at the time when the x-component of the spatially averaged magnetization first crosses zero
problem 5 Setup
This standard micromagnetic problem includes both magnetostatic and exchange energies, but has the advantage of only one scaled parameter. If crystalline anisotropy is neglected and the geometry is fixed, scaling of the static micromagnetic equations (Brown's equations) yield a hysteresis loop which depends only on the scaled geometry to the exchange length when expressed as M/M_s versus H/H_m, where H_m = M_s (SI) or 4\pi M_s(cgs emu). The exchange length is \ell_{ex} = (A/Km)^{1/2}, where A is the exchange stiffness constant and K_m is a magnetostatic energy density, K_m=1/(2\mu_0 M_s^2) (SI) or 2\pi M_s^2 (cgs emu). The field should be applied in the [1,1,1] direction, approximately 54.74 degrees ( \arccos(1/\sqrt(3)) ) from each of the coordinate axes. This field orientation is chosen to avoid potential symmetry breaking problems.
Material parameters: 1) The magnetostatic exchange length \ell_{ex}; 2) Zero magnetocrystalline anisotropy.
Desired output for comparison: Calculated as a function of d/\ell_{ex}, with aspect ratios held constant at t/d = 0.1 and L/d = 5.0: 1) Coercivity (H_c/H_m, the magnitude of the field at which the projection of the magnetization along the field, Mx+ My+ Mz is zero); 2) Remanence ( M_x/M_s, M_y/M_s, M_z/M_s, at H=0 )
Comments: 1) If we all begin with d/\ell_{ex}=0.1 then the film will switch in the plane uniformly with the Stoner-Wohlfarth result for the coercivity. 2) As we increase d/\ell_{ex}, say to d/\ell_{ex}=2, simple nonuniform rotation will occur. 3) For d/\ell_{ex}>2 complex vortex formation will begin to occur and both the remanence and coercivity will become very small. Also, eventually non uniform magnetization over the film thickness will occur. We all should agree when d/\ell_{ex}=0.1, but it will be interesting to see as we increase d/lex when our results diverge.
Reference: 1) B. Streibl, T. Schrefl and J. Fidler, J. Appl. Phys, v. 85, pp 5819-5821 (1999), 10.1063/1.369930.
2) R. D. McMichael, M. J. Donahue, D. G. Porter and Jason Eicke, J. Appl. Phys, v. 85, pp 5816-5818 (1999), 10.1063/1.369929.
3) L. Lopez-Diaz, O. Alejos, L. Torres and J. I. Iniguez J. Appl. Phys, v. 85, pp 5813-5815 (1999), 10.1063/1.369928.
4) M. J. Donahue, D. G. Porter, R. D. McMichael, J. Appl. Phys, .v 87, pp. 5520-5522 (2000), 10.1063/1.373391.
This problem is to calculate the single domain limit of a cubic magnetic particle. This is the size L of equal energy for the so-called flower state (which one may also call a splayed state or a modified single-domain state) on the one hand, and the vortex or curling state on the other hand.
Material parameters: Uniaxial anisotropy K_u with K_u=0.1 K_m and with the easy axis directed parallel to a principal axis of the cube.
What we need to compare: 1) The indicated "single domain limit," L where the energy of the flower state is equal to the energy of the vortex state.
2) The partial energies (exchange, stray field, anisotropy) all in units of K_m.
3) The average magnetization along the three axes.
Reference: 1) Magnetic states of small cubic particles with uniaxial anisotropy, W. Rave, K. Fabian, A. Hubert, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 190 (1998). 10.1016/S0304-8853(98)00328-X
Standard problem #4 is focused on dynamic aspects of micromagnetic computations. The initial state is an equilibrium s-state such as is obtained after applying and slowly reducing a saturating field along the [1,1,1] direction to zero. Fields of magnitude sufficient to reverse the magnetization of the rectangle are applied to this initial state and the time evolution of the magnetization as the system moves towards equilibrium in the new fields are examined. The problem will be run for two different applied fields.
The problem was chosen so that resolving the dynamics should easier for the 170 degree applied field than the 190 degree applied field. Preliminary simulations reveal that, in the case of the field applied at 170 degrees, the magnetization in the center of the rectangle rotates in the same direction as at the ends during reversal. In the 190 degree case, however, the center rotates the opposite direction as the ends resulting in a more complicated reversal. The field amplitudes were chosen to be about 1.5 times the coercivity in each case.
Material parameters (Similar to Permalloy): A = 1.3e-11 J/m (1.3e-6 erg/cm), Ms = 8.0e5 A/m (800 emu/cc), K = 0.0
Model Equation: The dynamics, calculated either using the Landau-Lifshitz equation, \frac{dM}{dt}=-\gamma_0^{\prime}M \times H_{eff}-\frac{\lambda}{M_s} M \times (M\times H_{eff}), or the Gilbert equation, \frac{dM}{dt}=-\gamma_0 M \times H_{eff}-\frac{\alpha}{M_s} M \times \frac{dM}{dt}, will use parameters: \alpha=0.02, \gamma_0^{\prime}=2.21\times10^{5} M/M_s, \gamma_0=2.211\times 10^5 M/M_s, \lambda=4.42\times 10^3 M/M_s, with the quantity \gamma_0^{\prime}=\frac{\gamma_0}{1+\alpha^2}, \quad \lambda = \frac{\gamma_0 \alpha}{1+\alpha^2}.
Applied Fields: Two switching events will be calculated using fields applied in the x-y plane of different magnitude and direction.
Each field will be applied instantaneously at t=0 to the equilibrium s-state.
What we need to compare:
Reference: 1) G.Albuquerque, J.Miltat and A.Thiaville, IMACS 2000 World Congress Proceedings
2) G.Albuquerque, J.Miltat and A.Thiaville, Joint MMM-Intermag Conference 2001 (presentation)
3) L. D. Buda, I. L. Prejbeanu, M. Demand, U. Ebels and K. Ounadjela, The 8th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference 2001 Proceedings
4) M.E. Schabes and A. Aharoni, Magnetostatic Interaction Fields for a Three-Dimensional Array of Ferromagnetic Cubes, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 23, n. 6 (1987), 3882-3888. 10.1109/TMAG.1987.1065775
5) M. dAquino, C. Serpico, G. Miano, Geometrical integration of Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation based on the mid-point rule, Journal of Computational Physics 209 (2005), 730-753. 10.1063/1.1858784
This problem serves as a test of proper basic functioning of those micromagnetic solvers that include the effects of spin momentum transfer between in-plane polarized current and spatial patterns of magnetism. The movement of a magnetic vortex in response to a constant current flowing in the plane of magnetic material is computed. The final vortex position and its trajectory serve as results to be compared among different solvers. The problem is to be solved for a sequence of values for the degree of non-adiabaticity to detect any divergence of results among solvers over the range.
A rectangular film of magnetic material with dimensions 100 nm × 100 nm × 10 nm, aligned with the x,y,z axes of a Cartesian coordinate system, with origin at the center of the film.Material Parameters (Similar to Permalloy): Saturation magnetization M_s=8.0e5 A/m; Exchange constant: A=1.3e-11 J/m; Anisotropy energy density: K=0 J/m^3; Gilbert damping parameter: \alpha=0.1; Gilbert gyromagnetic ratio: \gamma_0=2.211e5 m/C
Initial State setup: At each point (x,y,z) within the magnetic material, set the initial magnetization direction so that m=M/M_s=f/|f|, where f(x,y,z)=[-y,x,R]^T and R=10 nm From that initial state, solve the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert dynamics: \frac{dm}{dt}=-\gamma_0 m \times H+\alpha m \times \frac{dm}{dt}, to reach an equilibrium configuration. This magnetization vortex pattern is the initial state for all the remaining simulations.
Applied Current: To the initial magnetization vortex pattern, an in-plane current is applied in the x direction, with the product of the polarization rate P and current density J given by PJ=10^{12}\hat{x} in units of A/m2, where \hat{x} is the unit vector in the positive x direction.
Boundary Conditions: Outside of the magnetic material, the applied current is unpolarized. This places conditions on the boundaries where current enters and leaves the magnetic material. At those surfaces care must be taken with the calculation such that the applied current delivers zero spin torque to the magnetization there.
Spin Torque Dynamics Reference: 1) Proposal for a standard problem for micromagnetic simulations including spin-transfer torque, M. Najafi, B. Krüger, S. Bohlens, M. Franchin, H. Fangohr, A. Vanhaverbeke, R. Allenspach, M. Bolte, U. Merkt, D. Pfannkuche, D.P.F. Möller, and G. Meier, Journal of Applied Physics, 105, 113914 (8 pages) (Jun 2009). 10.1063/1.3126702
2) Micromagnetic understanding of current-driven domain wall motion in patterned nanowires, A. Thiaville, Y. Nakatani, J. Miltat, Y. Suzuki, Europhysics Letters, 69, 990 (7 pages) (March 2005). 10.1209/epl/i2004-10452-6
3) Roles of nonequilibrium conduction electrons on the magnetization dynamics of ferromagnets, S. Zhang and Z. Li, Physical Review Letters, 93, 127204 (4 pages) (September 2004). 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.127204
The model equation may be reconciled into a common form: \frac{dm}{dt}=-\gamma_0 m \times H+\alpha m \times \frac{dm}{dt}-u m\times \frac{\partial m}{\partial x} \times m +\xi u m\times \frac{\partial m}{\partial x} where we have also simplified the expression using knowledge of the direction of the applied current. The same equation can be expressed in explicit Landau-Lifshitz form as (1+\alpha^2)\frac{dm}{dt}=-\gamma_0 m \times H+\alpha \gamma_0 m\times H \times m-u(1+\alpha \xi) m\times \frac{\partial m}{\partial x} \times m +u(\xi-\alpha) m\times \frac{\partial m}{\partial x} In order to contribute a solution to this standard problem, a solver needs to be able to compute solutions of these two equations for at least some values of u and \xi under control of user inputs.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation.
Simulation for Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) Euqation
The Landau-Lifshitz Euqation
Second-order Semi-implicit projection method
The process of phase


Like Erol Ozan said Some beautiful paths can’t be discovered without getting lost
,so, let's take a look at their opinions about the city.
- Alexandrina Iordache from Romania said:
- Târgu Jiu made a great impression on me. A chic, neat city with many beautifully cut green flowers and flowers, a city you love from the first moment. Perhaps the kindness of the inhabitants who traveled without haste also contributed to this, they offered you the information you needed and the car traffic was reduced. I took a tour of the city and tried to discover and visit, in the few hours I had at my disposal, as many attractions as possible. Let's start with the first impression: CFR station. A beautiful building, I think recently renovated, which shone with cleanliness, with a huge room on the ground floor with ticket offices, benches for travelers and vending machines for coffee. Upstairs were the waiting rooms. I was surprised because it made a discordant note with the vast majority of CFR stations in the country that look awful.
- As usual, the first objective visited was the monumental ensemble of Constantin Brâncuși or the monumental ensemble "Calea Eroilor" as it is also known, consisting of the Table of Silence, the Alley of Chairs, the Kiss Gate and the Endless Column (Infinity Column). The ensemble is open air, admission is free. The whole ensemble has a length of 1274 m and crosses the city from east to west. The stone components of the ensemble are located in the Public Garden and the Infinity Column, made of brass and steel, in the park of the same name.
- Georgiana Tudor from Romania said:
- A former mining town, Târgu Jiu's architecture is a mix of traditional houses and neo-Brancusian buildings that combine to give its centre an austere albeit bustling feel. The town is primarily known for its "Brancusi promenade", a superb monumental structure created by the great Romanian artist, Constantin Brancusi. I was in Târgu Jiu a few years ago on the occasion of the International Congress of Dacology. I was fascinated by the city and especially the monuments of Brâncusi, the philosophy behind them, his life, the way he was rejected by Romania, his peasant house in Hobita, the pictures of him dressed in a shirt in the middle of Paris, a real Dacian descended from the Efel Tower.


CAR PRICE PREDICTION
{% if prediction_text|length > 0: %}
{{ prediction_text }}
{% endif %}
Car Manufacturer
Alfa-romero
Audi
BMW
Chevrolet
Dodge
Honda
Isuzu
Jaguar
Mazda
Mercedes-Benz
Marcury
Mitsubishi
Nissan
Peugot
Plymouth
Porsche
Renault
Saab
Subaru
Toyota
Volkswagen
Volvo
Fuel Type
Diesel
Gas
Aspiration
STD
TURBO
No of Doors
4
2
Body Style
Convertible
Hatchback
Sedan
Wagon
Hardtop
Drive Wheel
RWD
FWD
4WD
Engine Location
Front Location
Rear Location
Wheel Base
(86-120)
Curve Weight
(1488-4066)
Engine Type
DOHC
OHCV
OHC
L
ROTOR
OHCF
DOHCV
No. Cylinders
TWO
THREE
FOUR
FIVE
SIX
EIGHT
TWELVE
Engine Size
(61-326)
Fuel System
MPFI
2BBL
MFI
1BBL
SPFI
4BBL
IDI
SPDI
Compression Ratio
(7-23)
Horse Power
(48-343)
Peak RPM
(3333-6600)
Length
(m)
Width
(m)
Height
(m)
City MPG
(13-49)
Highway MPG
(16-54)


public abstract class AbstractQueuedLongSynchronizer extends AbstractOwnableSynchronizer implements Serializable
AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
in
which synchronization state is maintained as a long
.
This class has exactly the same structure, properties, and methods
as AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
with the exception
that all state-related parameters and results are defined
as long
rather than int
. This class
may be useful when creating synchronizers such as
multilevel locks and barriers that require
64 bits of state.
See AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
for usage
notes and examples.
| Modifier and Type | Class and Description |
|---|---|
class |
AbstractQueuedLongSynchronizer.ConditionObject
Condition implementation for a
AbstractQueuedLongSynchronizer serving as the basis of a Lock implementation. |
| Modifier | Constructor and Description |
|---|---|
protected |
AbstractQueuedLongSynchronizer()
Creates a new
AbstractQueuedLongSynchronizer instance
with initial synchronization state of zero. |
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
acquire(long arg)
Acquires in exclusive mode, ignoring interrupts.
|
void |
acquireInterruptibly(long arg)
Acquires in exclusive mode, aborting if interrupted.
|
void |
acquireShared(long arg)
Acquires in shared mode, ignoring interrupts.
|
void |
acquireSharedInterruptibly(long arg)
Acquires in shared mode, aborting if interrupted.
|
protected boolean |
compareAndSetState(long expect,
long update)
Atomically sets synchronization state to the given updated
value if the current state value equals the expected value.
|
Collection<Thread> |
getExclusiveQueuedThreads()
Returns a collection containing threads that may be waiting to
acquire in exclusive mode.
|
Thread |
getFirstQueuedThread()
Returns the first (longest-waiting) thread in the queue, or
null if no threads are currently queued. |
Collection<Thread> |
getQueuedThreads()
Returns a collection containing threads that may be waiting to
acquire.
|
int |
getQueueLength()
Returns an estimate of the number of threads waiting to
acquire.
|
Collection<Thread> |
getSharedQueuedThreads()
Returns a collection containing threads that may be waiting to
acquire in shared mode.
|
protected long |
getState()
Returns the current value of synchronization state.
|
Collection<Thread> |
getWaitingThreads(AbstractQueuedLongSynchronizer.ConditionObject condition)
Returns a collection containing those threads that may be
waiting on the given condition associated with this
synchronizer.
|
int |
getWaitQueueLength(AbstractQueuedLongSynchronizer.ConditionObject condition)
Returns an estimate of the number of threads waiting on the
given condition associated with this synchronizer.
|
boolean |
hasContended()
Queries whether any threads have ever contended to acquire this
synchronizer; that is if an acquire method has ever blocked.
|
boolean |
hasQueuedPredecessors()
Queries whether any threads have been waiting to acquire longer
than the current thread.
|
boolean |
hasQueuedThreads()
Queries whether any threads are waiting to acquire.
|
boolean |
hasWaiters(AbstractQueuedLongSynchronizer.ConditionObject condition)
Queries whether any threads are waiting on the given condition
associated with this synchronizer.
|
protected boolean |
isHeldExclusively()
Returns
true if synchronization is held exclusively with
respect to the current (calling) thread. |
boolean |
isQueued(Thread thread)
Returns true if the given thread is currently queued.
|
boolean |
owns(AbstractQueuedLongSynchronizer.ConditionObject condition)
Queries whether the given ConditionObject
uses this synchronizer as its lock.
|
boolean |
release(long arg)
Releases in exclusive mode.
|
boolean |
releaseShared(long arg)
Releases in shared mode.
|
protected void |
setState(long newState)
Sets the value of synchronization state.
|
String |
toString()
Returns a string identifying this synchronizer, as well as its state.
|
protected boolean |
tryAcquire(long arg)
Attempts to acquire in exclusive mode.
|
boolean |
tryAcquireNanos(long arg,
long nanosTimeout)
Attempts to acquire in exclusive mode, aborting if interrupted,
and failing if the given timeout elapses.
|
protected long |
tryAcquireShared(long arg)
Attempts to acquire in shared mode.
|
boolean |
tryAcquireSharedNanos(long arg,
long nanosTimeout)
Attempts to acquire in shared mode, aborting if interrupted, and
failing if the given timeout elapses.
|
protected boolean |
tryRelease(long arg)
Attempts to set the state to reflect a release in exclusive
mode.
|
protected boolean |
tryReleaseShared(long arg)
Attempts to set the state to reflect a release in shared mode.
|
getExclusiveOwnerThread, setExclusiveOwnerThread
protected AbstractQueuedLongSynchronizer()
AbstractQueuedLongSynchronizer
instance
with initial synchronization state of zero.protected final long getState()
volatile
read.protected final void setState(long newState)
volatile
write.newState
- the new state valueprotected final boolean compareAndSetState(long expect, long update)
volatile
read
and write.expect
- the expected valueupdate
- the new valuetrue
if successful. False return indicates that the actual
value was not equal to the expected value.protected boolean tryAcquire(long arg)
This method is always invoked by the thread performing
acquire. If this method reports failure, the acquire method
may queue the thread, if it is not already queued, until it is
signalled by a release from some other thread. This can be used
to implement method Lock.tryLock()
.
The default
implementation throws UnsupportedOperationException
.
arg
- the acquire argument. This value is always the one
passed to an acquire method, or is the value saved on entry
to a condition wait. The value is otherwise uninterpreted
and can represent anything you like.true
if successful. Upon success, this object has
been acquired.IllegalMonitorStateException
- if acquiring would place this
synchronizer in an illegal state. This exception must be
thrown in a consistent fashion for synchronization to work
correctly.UnsupportedOperationException
- if exclusive mode is not supportedprotected boolean tryRelease(long arg)
This method is always invoked by the thread performing release.
The default implementation throws
UnsupportedOperationException
.
arg
- the release argument. This value is always the one
passed to a release method, or the current state value upon
entry to a condition wait. The value is otherwise
uninterpreted and can represent anything you like.true
if this object is now in a fully released
state, so that any waiting threads may attempt to acquire;
and false
otherwise.IllegalMonitorStateException
- if releasing would place this
synchronizer in an illegal state. This exception must be
thrown in a consistent fashion for synchronization to work
correctly.UnsupportedOperationException
- if exclusive mode is not supportedprotected long tryAcquireShared(long arg)
This method is always invoked by the thread performing acquire. If this method reports failure, the acquire method may queue the thread, if it is not already queued, until it is signalled by a release from some other thread.
The default implementation throws UnsupportedOperationException
.
arg
- the acquire argument. This value is always the one
passed to an acquire method, or is the value saved on entry
to a condition wait. The value is otherwise uninterpreted
and can represent anything you like.IllegalMonitorStateException
- if acquiring would place this
synchronizer in an illegal state. This exception must be
thrown in a consistent fashion for synchronization to work
correctly.UnsupportedOperationException
- if shared mode is not supportedprotected boolean tryReleaseShared(long arg)
This method is always invoked by the thread performing release.
The default implementation throws
UnsupportedOperationException
.
arg
- the release argument. This value is always the one
passed to a release method, or the current state value upon
entry to a condition wait. The value is otherwise
uninterpreted and can represent anything you like.true
if this release of shared mode may permit a
waiting acquire (shared or exclusive) to succeed; and
false
otherwiseIllegalMonitorStateException
- if releasing would place this
synchronizer in an illegal state. This exception must be
thrown in a consistent fashion for synchronization to work
correctly.UnsupportedOperationException
- if shared mode is not supportedprotected boolean isHeldExclusively()
true
if synchronization is held exclusively with
respect to the current (calling) thread. This method is invoked
upon each call to a non-waiting AbstractQueuedLongSynchronizer.ConditionObject
method.
(Waiting methods instead invoke release(long)
.)
The default implementation throws UnsupportedOperationException
. This method is invoked
internally only within AbstractQueuedLongSynchronizer.ConditionObject
methods, so need
not be defined if conditions are not used.
true
if synchronization is held exclusively;
false
otherwiseUnsupportedOperationException
- if conditions are not supportedpublic final void acquire(long arg)
tryAcquire(long)
,
returning on success. Otherwise the thread is queued, possibly
repeatedly blocking and unblocking, invoking tryAcquire(long)
until success. This method can be used
to implement method Lock.lock()
.arg
- the acquire argument. This value is conveyed to
tryAcquire(long)
but is otherwise uninterpreted and
can represent anything you like.public final void acquireInterruptibly(long arg) throws InterruptedException
tryAcquire(long)
, returning on
success. Otherwise the thread is queued, possibly repeatedly
blocking and unblocking, invoking tryAcquire(long)
until success or the thread is interrupted. This method can be
used to implement method Lock.lockInterruptibly()
.arg
- the acquire argument. This value is conveyed to
tryAcquire(long)
but is otherwise uninterpreted and
can represent anything you like.InterruptedException
- if the current thread is interruptedpublic final boolean tryAcquireNanos(long arg, long nanosTimeout) throws InterruptedException
tryAcquire(long)
, returning on success. Otherwise, the thread is
queued, possibly repeatedly blocking and unblocking, invoking
tryAcquire(long)
until success or the thread is interrupted
or the timeout elapses. This method can be used to implement
method Lock.tryLock(long, TimeUnit)
.arg
- the acquire argument. This value is conveyed to
tryAcquire(long)
but is otherwise uninterpreted and
can represent anything you like.nanosTimeout
- the maximum number of nanoseconds to waittrue
if acquired; false
if timed outInterruptedException
- if the current thread is interruptedpublic final boolean release(long arg)
tryRelease(long)
returns true.
This method can be used to implement method Lock.unlock()
.arg
- the release argument. This value is conveyed to
tryRelease(long)
but is otherwise uninterpreted and
can represent anything you like.tryRelease(long)
public final void acquireShared(long arg)
tryAcquireShared(long)
,
returning on success. Otherwise the thread is queued, possibly
repeatedly blocking and unblocking, invoking tryAcquireShared(long)
until success.arg
- the acquire argument. This value is conveyed to
tryAcquireShared(long)
but is otherwise uninterpreted
and can represent anything you like.public final void acquireSharedInterruptibly(long arg) throws InterruptedException
tryAcquireShared(long)
, returning on success. Otherwise the
thread is queued, possibly repeatedly blocking and unblocking,
invoking tryAcquireShared(long)
until success or the thread
is interrupted.arg
- the acquire argument.
This value is conveyed to tryAcquireShared(long)
but is
otherwise uninterpreted and can represent anything
you like.InterruptedException
- if the current thread is interruptedpublic final boolean tryAcquireSharedNanos(long arg, long nanosTimeout) throws InterruptedException
tryAcquireShared(long)
, returning on success. Otherwise, the
thread is queued, possibly repeatedly blocking and unblocking,
invoking tryAcquireShared(long)
until success or the thread
is interrupted or the timeout elapses.arg
- the acquire argument. This value is conveyed to
tryAcquireShared(long)
but is otherwise uninterpreted
and can represent anything you like.nanosTimeout
- the maximum number of nanoseconds to waittrue
if acquired; false
if timed outInterruptedException
- if the current thread is interruptedpublic final boolean releaseShared(long arg)
tryReleaseShared(long)
returns true.arg
- the release argument. This value is conveyed to
tryReleaseShared(long)
but is otherwise uninterpreted
and can represent anything you like.tryReleaseShared(long)
public final boolean hasQueuedThreads()
true
return does not guarantee that any
other thread will ever acquire.
In this implementation, this operation returns in constant time.
true
if there may be other threads waiting to acquirepublic final boolean hasContended()
In this implementation, this operation returns in constant time.
true
if there has ever been contentionpublic final Thread getFirstQueuedThread()
null
if no threads are currently queued.
In this implementation, this operation normally returns in constant time, but may iterate upon contention if other threads are concurrently modifying the queue.
null
if no threads are currently queuedpublic final boolean isQueued(Thread thread)
This implementation traverses the queue to determine presence of the given thread.
thread
- the threadtrue
if the given thread is on the queueNullPointerException
- if the thread is nullpublic final boolean hasQueuedPredecessors()
An invocation of this method is equivalent to (but may be more efficient than):
getFirstQueuedThread() != Thread.currentThread() &&
hasQueuedThreads()
Note that because cancellations due to interrupts and
timeouts may occur at any time, a true
return does not
guarantee that some other thread will acquire before the current
thread. Likewise, it is possible for another thread to win a
race to enqueue after this method has returned false
,
due to the queue being empty.
This method is designed to be used by a fair synchronizer to
avoid barging.
Such a synchronizer's tryAcquire(long)
method should return
false
, and its tryAcquireShared(long)
method should
return a negative value, if this method returns true
(unless this is a reentrant acquire). For example, the tryAcquire
method for a fair, reentrant, exclusive mode
synchronizer might look like this:
protected boolean tryAcquire(int arg) {
if (isHeldExclusively()) {
// A reentrant acquire; increment hold count
return true;
} else if (hasQueuedPredecessors()) {
return false;
} else {
// try to acquire normally
}
}
true
if there is a queued thread preceding the
current thread, and false
if the current thread
is at the head of the queue or the queue is emptypublic final int getQueueLength()
public final Collection<Thread> getQueuedThreads()
public final Collection<Thread> getExclusiveQueuedThreads()
getQueuedThreads()
except that it only returns
those threads waiting due to an exclusive acquire.public final Collection<Thread> getSharedQueuedThreads()
getQueuedThreads()
except that it only returns
those threads waiting due to a shared acquire.public String toString()
"State ="
followed by the current value of getState()
, and either
"nonempty"
or "empty"
depending on whether the
queue is empty.public final boolean owns(AbstractQueuedLongSynchronizer.ConditionObject condition)
condition
- the conditiontrue
if ownedNullPointerException
- if the condition is nullpublic final boolean hasWaiters(AbstractQueuedLongSynchronizer.ConditionObject condition)
true
return
does not guarantee that a future signal
will awaken
any threads. This method is designed primarily for use in
monitoring of the system state.condition
- the conditiontrue
if there are any waiting threadsIllegalMonitorStateException
- if exclusive synchronization
is not heldIllegalArgumentException
- if the given condition is
not associated with this synchronizerNullPointerException
- if the condition is nullpublic final int getWaitQueueLength(AbstractQueuedLongSynchronizer.ConditionObject condition)
condition
- the conditionIllegalMonitorStateException
- if exclusive synchronization
is not heldIllegalArgumentException
- if the given condition is
not associated with this synchronizerNullPointerException
- if the condition is nullpublic final Collection<Thread> getWaitingThreads(AbstractQueuedLongSynchronizer.ConditionObject condition)
condition
- the conditionIllegalMonitorStateException
- if exclusive synchronization
is not heldIllegalArgumentException
- if the given condition is
not associated with this synchronizerNullPointerException
- if the condition is nullDracula Javadoc Sample, Made with Allan Im.


DialogGuard Class
Definition
Line
37
of
System.Windows/Window.cm
Constructors & Destructor
public
nothrow
DialogGuard
(
Window
* window_)
public
~DialogGuard
()
Member Variables
private
Window
*
window
Constructor& Destructor Details
DialogGuard Constructor
public
nothrow
DialogGuard(
Window
* window_)
Definition
Line
39
of
System.Windows/Window.cm
~DialogGuard Destructor
public
~DialogGuard()
Definition
Line
43
of
System.Windows/Window.cm


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Parentheses ()
Parentheses are used predominantly for housing statements within an event,
function, loop, etc. They are also used for calling functions (when empty) or housing
parameters or arguments when writing functions. When writing an expression with
elements that include a space bar character, you can also use parentheses to wrap
this element so it is recognised as a single unit.
Brackets []
Brackets are used to wrap arrays, or objects from arrays when extracted for use in other statements.
Braces {}
Braces are used for wrapping multiple statements that make up the body of a function,
especially including nested functions or events. They can also be used to to wrap objects
in an array if they have numerous properties.
Single quotes '' and Double quotes ""
I'm not entirely sure what the difference is between the uses of single and
double quotes; they seem mostly interchangeable. But in my coding so far,
single quotes are used to wrap classes and event listeners, whereas double
quotes are used for strings.


About Me
In no particular order: software engineer, security researcher, tinkerer, devil’s advocate, champion of underdogs everywhere, nerd, husband, dad, cyclist, recovering cynic.
Engineering
A broad range of technical interests, including building and running distributed systems, integrations, CI/CD pipelines, security tooling, automation, testing, incident response, and process optimization.
Passions include strategic planning, technical recruiting, team building, leveling up colleagues, and knowledge sharing.
Focused on building healthy, proactive engineering culture through empathy, shared responsibility, autonomy, ownership, empowerment, and speed through quality.
Core Values
Process, communication, empathy, and alignment are key to success.
Learning is a lifelong process.
Small, incremental changes. Focus on velocity and confidence.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License


U.S. Central Command says anti-IS operations to pick up in coming days, weeks
MANAMA (Reuters) - U.S. Central Command chief General Kenneth McKenzie said on Saturday there are 500 U.S. personnel in east Syria, adding he expected anti-Islamic State operations to pick up in coming days and weeks.
McKenzie was speaking on the sidelines of the Manama Dialogue Conference in Bahrain.


Perhaps no aspect of C programming strikes more fear into the programmer's heart than the dreaded "Hey, it looks like you've got a memory leak." So evil is this affliction it created a multi-million dollar company in the form of Purify Inc. Amazing isn't it?
I hate memory management so in this version of the library I designed a set of tools that would manage memory for me in a way that I hope will be robust and reliable. Also because we're doing real-time 3-D graphics here it has to be fast.
This document is broken up into two sections:
The memory subsystem was designed around the principle that most of the time, the same things get allocated and deallocated again and again. In particular the vertices, transforms, colors, and lights are used and re-used while generating the scene.
One common technique of addressing this issue is to use pre-allocated arrays of things that you use on a dynamic basis. The problem with this technique is answering "how many" things do you pre-allocate? However, for something like a game, this technique can be useful as the answer to the question can be determined empirically. This is done by playing the game and fixing it when it runs out of space.
The pre-allocation technique is not acceptable in a more general purpose engine because you don't know apriori how many things will be rendered or changed etc. And yet the simple technique of calling malloc/free each time is tremendously expensive in terms of CPU time. (even the simpler malloc libraries use non-trivial amounts of time.)
The solution I am currently employing and evaluating consists of using malloc to force allocations but to never call free. (Sounds like a memory leak but it isn't really :-)
I use the fact that as far as the engine is concerned, 99.99% of the time the engine or the user will be allocating things of a type already known to the engine so the allocator is designed around the P3DC type structure.
The design is to allocate structures from the heap, and then when deallocating them to put them onto a list so that they might be used again later. When a subsequent allocation request is made the structure is fetched from the free list. Currently, mallocs are done on a 1:1 basis (one request, one malloc) but it is possible to change this to malloc several instances in preparation for future requests. The cost of this 'pre-allocation' is that when you reach a steady state you risk having over allocated memory by the number of structures in your pre-fetch size.
The key interfaces in this library are clearly new and free however they manage chunks of memory by allocating them as shown below.
The actual allocation is large enough to hold both a p3dc_NODE structure and a structure of the desired type. Then the pointer to the type is returned. Later, I can recover the node pointer with simple pointer arithmetic and verify it to be valid by the following test:
If they match I assume its valid. Note that this arrangement also lets me recover the type of a void * pointer in other places in the library too. There is a function p3dc_get_type that does this.
void * p3dc_new_type( p3dc_TYPE req )
This function allocates a new structure of type req for the program to use. It first checks the free list to see if any unused structures are present, and if so uses one, otherwise it allocates a new structure + node from the heap and returns a pointer to sufficient memory to hold a structure of type req.
void p3dc_free_type( void *data )
This function will free a structure previously allocated with p3dc_new_type. It does this by subtracting a value equal to about sizeof(p3dc_NODE) from the pointer and looking for a p3dc_NODE structure there. Various sanity checks are performed then the structure is added into that node's free list for later reuse. For performance reasons it is added to the head of the free list and will be re-allocated on the next call to p3dc_new_type that needs this type of structure. The side effect of this is that dangling pointer problems are caught quickly.
p3dc_TYPE p3dc_get_type( void *data )
Return the P3DC type associated with this pointer. This function only works on things that have been allocated with p3dc_new_type above. If the pointer does not seem to have a node behind it then the function returns P3DC_UNKNOWN.
void p3dc_memstats( int reset )
This function causes a summary of memory usage to be printed to the log file. If the value of reset is non-zero, the memory statistics are being reset. This feature allows you to wait for your application to reach steady state and then to dump out statistics to see that no new mallocs are being done.
void p3dc_reset_memstats( void )
This function will force a reset of the memory statistics.


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Quickstart Quickly get started using the editor
Styling the editor How to style the editor
Scripting the editor How to script the editor
Rendering documents statically how to use Guppy to render documents on a page
Creating a new symbol Documentation for the symbol format
Frequently asked questions Frequently asked questions
XML Format The editor’s XML storage format
Editor internals The editor’s inner workings
Roadmap The roadmap for future development


You can visit our stores in different places around the world, we have them in :
- Tokyo
- Dubai
- Lima
- Seattle
- Paris
You can visit the links to these places in the pages links below:
You can visit our stores in different places around the world, we have them in :
You can visit the links to these places in the pages links below:


This presentation illustrates the simple use of style.
Use PageDown/PageUp or the arrow keys to move between slides.
The rules margin: 0; padding: 0;
on the body get rid of unwanted
gaps round the edge of slides.
The rule margin: 0;
on h2
headings pushes them to
the top of slides.
The rule margin: 0.6em 1em 0.6em 1em;
on paragraphs specifies
desired gaps above, to the right, below, and to the left of paragraphs.
The rule font-size: 40px;
increases the default size of text
throughout the presentation.
A useful convention is to reserve h1
for use in a title slide at
the start of a presentation, if any, and h2
for the heading at the
top of each slide.
The rule font-size: 200%;
increases the size of text
in slide headings.
The rule text-align: center;
centres the slide headings.
The rule background-color: #4af;
is sufficient to make a
distinctive banner, with the colour being in hex RGB format.