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INTRO_BLAS1 - Introduction to vector-vector linear algebra (matrix) (LICENSE:PD) subprograms
Description
FORTRAN storage of arrays
FORTRAN array argument association
BLAS Indexing Conventions
Forward Storage
Backward Storage
Further Stride
BLAS Data Types
BLAS Naming Conventions
FORTRAN type declaration for functions
Summary Table of Level 1 BLAS Routines
To Do
See Also
References
Implementation
Author
The Level 1 BLAS perform basic vector-vector operations. The following three types of vector-vector operations are available: Routines for scaling, copying, swapping, and computing linear combination of vectors. Routines for computing dot products between vectors and various vector norms. Routines for generating or applying plane or modified plane rotations. The Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (BLAS) were developed to enhance the portability of published linear algebra codes. Because these subprograms are portable, modular, self-documenting, and efficient, you can incorporate them into your programs. To realize the full power of the BLAS you must understand the following three subjects: - FORTRAN storage of arrays - FORTRAN array argument association - BLAS indexing conventions
Arrays in FORTRAN are stored in column major order. This means that the eariler indexes in an array declaration toggle first. Consider the following specifications: DIMENSION A(N1,N2),B(N3)EQUIVALENCE (A,B) where N3 = N1 * N2. Then A(I,J) is associated with the same memory location as B(K) where K = I + (J-1) * N1 This means that successive elements of a column of A are adjacent in memory, while successive elements of a row of A are stored with a difference of N1 storage units between them. Remember that the size of a storage unit depends on the data type.
When a FORTRAN subprogram is called with an array element as argument, the value is not passed. Instead, the subprogram receives the address in memory of the element. Consider the following code segment:M=11 N=13 REAL A(M,N) COL = 3 CALL SUBR (A(1,COL),M) . . . SUBROUTINE SUBR (X,N) REAL X(N) . . .In this example, the subroutine SUBR is given the address of the first element of the third column of A. Because it treats that argument as a one-dimensional array, successive elements X(1), X(2), ..., occupy the same memory locations as successive elements of the third column of A: that is, A(1,3), A(2,3), .... Hence, the entire third column of A is available to the subprogram.
The rest of this section describes the topics of manipulating array sections, dealing with stride arguments, and handling backward storage.A vector description in BLAS is defined by three quantities: - array or starting element within an array, for instance the variable X or X(I,J) - vector length or number of elements, for instance the variable N - the increment, sometimes called the stride, that defines the number of storage units between successive vector elements, for instance the variable INCX. The notation for describing a BLAS vector in calling a BLAS subroutine is the triad (N,X,INCX). A few very brief examples follow. If X is a one dimensional array of length N, then (N,X,1) represents forward storage of X i.e. X(1), X(2), ..., X(N) and (N,X,-1) represents backward storage of X i.e. X(N), X(N-1), ..., X(1). If A is an M by N array, then (M,A(1,J),1) represents column J and (N,A(I,1),M) represents row I. Finally, if an M by N matrix is embedded in the upper left-hand corner of an array B of size LDB by NMAX, then column J is (M,B(1,J),1) and row I is (N,B(I,1),LDB). More specific details follow.
As an example of the BLAS vector declaration using the above, suppose that X represents a declared real array. Let N be the vector length and let INCX be the increment. Suppose that a logical vector x with components x(i), i = 1, 2,..., N, is to be stored in X. If INCX >= 0, then x(i) is stored in X(1 + (I-1) * INCX). This is known as forward array storage starting at X(1) with stride equal to INCX, ending with X(1 - (N-1) * INCX). Thus, if N = 4 and INCX = 2, the logical vector x with components x(1), x(2), x(3), and x(4) are stored in memory in the array elements X(1), X(3), X(5), and X(7), respectively. This method of indexing, using a starting element, a number of elements, and a stride, is especially useful for accessing one-dimensional vectors in multidimensional arrays. For instance, if A is defined as REAL A(M,N) Then to access the 2nd row of A, one uses forward storage with an stride of M. Thus a BLAS routine call with X=A(2,1) and increment/stride of INCX=M will access A(2,i) for i = 1,2,...,N. To access the third column of A in a BLAS routine call with X=A(1,3) and increment/stride of INCX=1 This approach also works with multidimensional arrays. As an example, if A is defined as REAL A(M,N,P) to access the P elements of A at row 3 and column 4 one could call a BLAS routine with starting address X of X=A(3,4,1) and increment/stride of INCX=M*N
Some BLAS routines permit backward storage of vectors, which is specified by using a negative increment INCX. If INCX < 0, then x(i) is stored "backwards" in X. Specifically x(i) is stored in X(1 + (N-I) * |INCX|) or equivalently in X(1 - (N-I) * INCX). This is called backward storage starting from X(1 - (N-1) * INCX) with stride equal to INCX, ending with X(1). Thus, if N = 4 and INCX = -2, the logical vector components x(1), x(2), x(3), and x(4) are stored in the array elements X(7), X(5), X(3), and X(1), respectively. Note: INCX = 0 is permitted by some BLAS routines and is not permitted by others. When it is allowed, it means that logical vector x is a vector of length N, all whose components are equal the value of X(1).
EXAMPLES
The following examples illustrate how to use increment arguments to perform different operations with the same subprogram. These
EXAMPLES
use the BLAS function SDOT, with the following declarations:
INTEGER*4 N,INCX,INCY REAL*4 SDOT,S,X(1+(N-1)*|INCX|),Y(1+(N-1)*|INCY|) S = SDOT (N, X,INCX, Y,INCY)This sets S to the dot product of the vectors (N,X,INCX) and (N,Y,INCY). Example 1: Compute the dot product T = X(1)*Y(1) + X(2)*Y(2) + X(3)*Y(3) + X(4)*Y(4):REAL*4 SDOT,T,X(4),Y(4) T = SDOT (4, X,1, Y,1)Example 2: Compute the convolution T = X(1)*Y(4) + X(2)*Y(3) + X(3)*Y(2) + X(4)*Y(1):REAL*4 SDOT,T,X(4),Y(4) T = SDOT (4, X,1, Y,-1)Example 3: Compute the dot product Y(2) = A(2,1)*X(1) + A(2,2)*X(2) + A(2,3)*X(3), which is the dot product of the second row of an M by 3 matrix A, stored in a 10 by 3 array, with a 3-element vector X:INTEGER*4 N,LDA PARAMETER (LDA = 10) REAL*4 SDOT,A(LDA,3),X(3),Y(LDA) N = 3 Y(2) = SDOT (N, A(2,1),LDA, X,1)
The following data types are used in the BLAS routines: - REAL: Fortran "real" data type, 32-bit floating point; these routine names begin with S. - COMPLEX: Fortran "complex" data type, two 32-bit floating point reals; these routine names begin with C. - DOUBLE PRECISION: Fortran "double precision" data type, 64-bit floating point; these routine names begin with D. - DOUBLE COMPLEX: Fortran "double complex" data type, two 64-bit floating point doubles; these routine names begin with Z.
The following table describes the naming conventions for these routines:------------------------------------------------------------- 64-bit complex 64-bit real (double (double 32-bit complex 32-bit real precision) complex precision) ------------------------------------------------------------- form: Sname Dname Cname Zname example:SAXPY DAXPY CAXPY ZAXPY -------------------------------------------------------------
Always declare the data type of external functions. Declaring the data type of the complex Level 1 BLAS functions is particularly important because, based on the first letter of their names and the Fortran data typing rules, the default implied data type would be REAL. Fortran type declarations for function names follow:Type Function Name REAL SASUM, SCASUM, SCNRM2, SDOT, SNRM2, SSUM COMPLEX CDOTC, CDOTU, CSUM DOUBLE PRECISION DASUM, DZASUM, DDOT, DNRM2, DZNRM2, DSUM DOUBLE COMPLEX ZDOTC, ZDOTU, ZSUM INTEGER ISAMAX, IDAMAX, ICAMAX, IZAMAX, ISAMIN, IDAMIN, ISMAX, IDMAX, ISMIN, IDMIN
The following table contains the purpose, operation, and name of each Level 1 BLAS routine. The first routine name listed in each table block is the name of the manual page that contains documentation for any routines listed in that block. The routines marked with an asterisk (*) are extensions to the standard set of Level 1 BLAS routines. For the complete details about each operation, see the individual man pages. Note: functions marked with an asterisk [*] are extensions to the standard set of Level 1 BLAS routines that may not be present on all systems. The man(1) command can find a man page online by either the real, complex, double precision, or double complex name.-------------------------------------------------------------- Purpose Operation -------------------------------------------------------------- Sums the absolute n SASUM values of the elements sasum <- ||x|| = Sum |x | DASUM of a real vector (also 1 i=1 i called the l1 norm) Sums the absolute scasum <- ||Real[x]|| + SCASUM values of the real and 1 DZASUM imaginary parts of the ||Imag[x]|| = elements of a complex 1 vector n Sum |Real[x ]| + i=1 i n Sum |Imag[x ]| i=1 i Adds a scalar multiple y <- alpha*x + beta*y SAXPBY* of a real or complex DAXPBY* vector to a scalar CAXPBY* multiple of another ZAXPBY* vector Adds a scalar multiple y <- alpha*x + y SAXPY of a real or complex DAXPY vector to another CAXPY vector ZAXPY Copies a real or y <- x SCOPY complex vector into DCOPY another vector CCOPY ZCOPY Computes a dot product T n SDOT of two real or complex sdot <- x y = Sum x y DDOT vectors i=1 i i H n _ CDOTC cdotc <- x y = Sum x y ZDOTC i=1 i i T n CDOTU cdotu <- x y = Sum x y ZDOTU i=1 i i Computes the Hadamard z(i):=alpha x(i) y(i) + beta SHAD* product of two vectors z(i) DHAD* CHAD* ZHAD* Computes the Euclidean snrm2 <- ||x|| = SNRM2 norm (also called l2 2 DNRM2 norm) of a real or n 2 complex vector sqrt(Sum (x ) i=1 i scnrm2 <- ||x|| = SCNRM2 2 DZNRM2 n _ sqrt(Sum (x x ) i=1 i iIn addition to the mathematical functions defined above, several search functions are a part of Level 1 BLAS; these functions are listed below:Applies a real plane CSROT* rotation to a pair of ZDROT* complex vectors Applies an orthogonal SROT plane rotation DROT Constructs a Givens SROTG plane rotation DROTG CROTG* ZROTG* Applies a modified SROTM Givens plane rotation DROTM Constructs a modified SROTMG Givens plane rotation DROTMG Scales a real or x <- alpha x SSCAL complex vector DSCAL CSCAL ZSCAL CSSCAL ZDSCAL Sums the elements of a n SSUM* real or complex vector sum <- Sum x DSUM* i=1 i CSUM* ZSUM* Swaps two real or two x <-> y SSWAP complex vectors DSWAP CSWAP ZSWAP Searches a vector for isamax <- MAX |x | ISAMAX the first occurrence of j IDAMAX the maximum absolute ICAMAX value IZAMAX Searches a vector for isamin <- MIN |x | ISAMIN* the first occurrence of j IDAMIN* the minimum absolute value Searches a vector for ismax <- MAX x ISMAX* the first occurrence of j IDMAX* the minimum absolute value Searches a vector for ismin <- MIN x ISMIN* the first occurrence of j IDMIN* the minimum absolute value --------------------------------------------------------------
ISAMAX, ICAMAX, ISAMIN*, ISMAX*, ISMIN* IDAMAX IZAMAX, IDAMIN*, IDMAX*, IDMIN*
Many of the stared functions have not been implemented yet in a free software.
intro_blas2(1), intro_blas3(1)
Lawson, C., Hanson, R., Kincaid, D., and Krogh, F., "Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms for Fortran Usage," ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, 5 (1979), pp. 308 - 325.
See the individual man pages for implementation details and full argument listings
John L. Weatherwax
| Nemo Release 3.1 | INTRO_BLAS1 (l) | 12 August 05 |


Here is a summary of all the projects that I have coded so far.
Hi! My name is Tiffany Siu and I have just started to learn programming at Epicodus in Seattle. These are currently the class projects that I have been doing in class, but I hope to be able to add my own projects here as well in the future.
I have a BS in Biological Sciences and a degree in Pharmacy. I have worked as a pharmacy intern previously but decided I wanted to learn programming to change my career.
I had taken a programming class in Java and really enjoyed it when I was in college. I also had a few experiences with informatics while studying pharmacy and found it to be really interesting. So I signed up for this course to hopefully get a job and make this my career.
These are projects that I currently have active links to either in GitHub pages or GitHub repositories.
View my projects in my GitHub profile HERE!
Or contact me at my email at email@email.com


JavaScript variables can belong to the local or global scope.
Private variables can be made possible with closures.
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In the last example, a is a global variable.
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Global variables can be used (and changed) by all scripts in the page (and in the window).
In the first example, a is a local variable.
A local variable can only be used inside the function where it is defined. It is hidden from other functions and other scripting code.
Global and local variables with the same name are different variables. Modifying one, does not modify the other.
| Variables created without the keyword var, are always global, even if they are created inside a function. |
Global variables live as long as your application (your window / your web page) lives.
Local variables have short lives. They are created when the function is invoked, and deleted when the function is finished.

You could use a global variable, and a function to increase the counter:
The counter should only be changed by the add() function.
The problem is, that any script on the page can change the counter, without calling add().
If I declare the counter inside the function, nobody will be able to change it without calling add():
It did not work! Every time I call the add() function, the counter is set to 1.
A JavaScript inner function can solve this.
All functions have access to the global scope.
In fact, in JavaScript, all functions have access to the scope "above" them.
JavaScript supports nested functions. Nested functions have access to the scope "above" them.
In this example, the inner function plus() has access to the counter variable in the parent function:
This could have solved the counter dilemma, if we could reach the plus() function from the outside.
We also need to find a way to execute counter = 0 only once.
We need a closure.
Remember self-invoking functions? What does this function do?
The variable add is assigned the return value of a self invoking function.
The self-invoking function only runs once. It sets the counter to zero (0), and returns a function expression.
This way add becomes a function. The "wonderful" part is that it can access the counter in the parent scope.
This is called a JavaScript closure. It makes it possible for a function to have "private" variables.
The counter is protected by the scope of the anonymous function, and can only be changed using the add function.
| A closure is a function having access to the parent scope, even after the parent function has closed. |


Plugin Information |
|---|
View Build Cause Run Condition on the plugin site for more information. |
Features
This plugin implements a build cause run condition to be used by the Run Condition Plugin.
Build Cause Condition
This provides an ExtensionPoint that can be used by plugins to define new extended causes, for example this should be done for any trigger that provides its Cause type that make provide extra information that can be used.
Implemented:
- Started by a User
This cause allows you to only run the condition when a particular user(s) starts the build.
if the users field is empty, it treats this as any user started build returns true.
For example:
Can be used to ignore all build requests from a particular user if they are abusing the build now button.
- Started by upstream project
This cause allows you to only run the condition when a particular project(s) starts the build.
If the projects field is empty, it treats this as any project started build returns true.
For example:
This allows configurations to perform different actions based which upstream job started this one, this will allow you to collect artefacts from just that upstream project rather than all of them.
Other Cause Conditions are currently implemented in other plugins
There is no content with the specified labels
If your plugin is not shown here and you have implemented the BuildCauseCondition Extension point, add the label "plugin-build-cause-run-condition-provider" to the wiki page.
Implementing you own build cause condition
This requires at minimum just three items
Class extending BuildCauseCondition and providing its Descriptor extending BuildCauseConditionDescriptor
and also a config.jelly file to display it.
For other examples see the implementations of UserCause and UpstreamCause in the plugin on github.
Change log
0.1 (25/7/2012)
- Initial version
Questions, Comments, Bugs and Feature Requests
Please post questions or comments about this plugin to the Jenkins User mailing list.
To report a bug or request an enhancement to this plugin please create a ticket in JIRA.


Plugin Information |
|---|
View Labeled Test Groups Publisher on the plugin site for more information. |
This plugin provides the functionality to group tests by types, such as "unit test", "smoke test", "regression test", etc.
This is useful for situations where different tests share the same test output format, but you want to display the results separately.
This plugin automatically converts JUnit Result Archiver and CPPUnit publishers to use the Labeled Test Groups Publisher. It automatically finds any jobs that use the JUnit Result Archiver, or CPPUnit publisher, and converts those publishers into groups within the "unit" group within a new Labeled Test Group Publisher. This conversion will not be persisted unless a job's configuration is explicitly edited by the user. The kinds of test result publishers that will be automatically converted are JUnit test result archiver and CppUnit test result archiver.
If you do not want your JUnit and CPPUnit publishers to be converted automatically, recompile the plugin with ENABLE_CONVERSIONS = false in ConvertToLabeledGroupsConverter.java.
Coding Tasks
- Fix reported tasks in the "Open Issues" JIRA.
- Get rid of utilitybuilders.hpi plugins in test @LocalData's. There's a TouchBuilder in core now.
- Look at EnhancedTestCase. Can it be eliminated? All of those methods should probably go into HudsonTestCase.
- Lots of tests are marked SKIP_testFoo. I think they will mostly all work, though. Try turning them on and make sure.
Changelog
Version 1.2.8 (Nov 20, 2015)
- [JENKINS-30711] A bug where the parser name wouldn't load correctly is now fixed.
- [JENKINS-20979] No more waiting on concurrent builds!
Version 1.2.7 (Mar 16, 2015)
- Added the ability to configure test group labels. Free labels for everyone!
- Updated the pom to have git instead of svn, jenkins-deployability, added current maintainer.
Version 1.2.6 (Mar 20, 2010)
- Fixed problem where parser names were not showing up in the drop down menu.
Version 1.2.4
- First public version
Attachments:
LabeledTestGroupsPublisherPlugin.png (image/png)
LabeledTestGroupsPublisher.png (image/png)
LabeledTestGroupsPublisher.png (image/png)
LabeledTestGroupsPublisher1.png (image/png)
LabledGroupPlugin.png (image/png)


Project Overview
The purpose of this project was to collect economic data and visualize it in a way that would paint a picture of how major economic measures have changed over time.
The project involved the use of:
- Python - To pull and organize the data
- SQLite - To store the data
- JavaScript - To run scripts for the site
- Plotly Library - To visualize the data
- Flask - To create the web application
Grey vertical bars found in some of the graphs represent recession periods.
Data
Data was downloaded from the following sources:
{%for source in data_sources%}
{%if source["id"] == "lfa"%}
Labor Force Data - Age
{%for link in source["links"]%}
-
{{link}}
{%endfor%}
{%endif%}
{%if source["id"] == "lfg"%}
Labor Force Data - Gender
{%for link in source["links"]%}
-
{{link}}
{%endfor%}
{%endif%}
{%if source["id"] == "une"%}
Unemployment by Education
{%for link in source["links"]%}
-
{{link}}
{%endfor%}
{%endif%}
{%if source["id"] == "wag"%}
Wages
{%for link in source["links"]%}
-
{{link}}
{%endfor%}
{%endif%}
{%if source["id"] == "job"%}
Job Hires and Vacancies
{%for link in source["links"]%}
-
{{link}}
{%endfor%}
{%endif%}
{%if source["id"] == "ear"%}
Earnings Data
{%for link in source["links"]%}
-
{{link}}
{%endfor%}
{%endif%}
{%endfor%}


Roof Party
Sep 8, 2016 in Juice
Read PostSep 8, 2016 in Juice
Read PostSep 7, 2016 in Juice
Read PostSep 6, 2016
Read PostSep 5, 2016
Read PostSep 4, 2016 in Brunch
Read PostSep 3, 2016 in Cities
Read PostSep 2, 2016
Read PostSep 1, 2016 in Cities
Read PostAug 31, 2016 in Cities
Read PostAug 30, 2016 in Brunch
Read PostAug 29, 2016 in Gluten-free
Read PostAug 28, 2016 in Brunch, Gluten-free
Read Post


Image by Elena Mozhvilo via unsplash.
A look at the pandemic and how it has spread across the United States.


Alcohol and drug use can be dangerous. Overdoses, injuries and accidents may occur, with harmful consequences. These symptoms can be dangerous and should be managed by a physician. If your situation is an emergency, we urge you to go directly to your nearest hospital emergency room. Getting help for an immediate crisis is essential.
Alcohol is the most commonly used addictive substance in the United States: 17.6 million people, or one in every 12 adults, suffer from alcohol abuse or dependence along with several million more who engage in risky, binge drinking patterns that could lead to alcohol problems. More than half of all…
NCADD believes that all people suffering from alcoholism and addiction deserve the chance to be helped. If you are concerned about your own alcohol or other drug use or that of someone you care about – a child, relative, friend or co-worker – please contact us. Confronting alcohol and drug problems is difficult, but can be an important first step toward recovery and the chance for a healthier and more productive life.
Drinking alcohol during pregnancy can disrupt fetal development at any stage during a woman’s pregnancy -- including the earliest stages before she even knows that she is pregnant. Whether it is a wine cooler, a glass of wine or a bottle of beer, any kind or amount of alcohol that…


Each row should have 2 or 4 blocks (according to the screen width).
"Block 5" should be on a new row, but is blocked by the big "Block 3" (because of its height).
clear
" property and the "nth-child
" selector)With the fix (using the "clear" property), the layout is not broken and blocks are cleanly aligned.
<body>
:
<!-- For nth-child support in IE6-8 -->
<!--[if (gte IE 6)&(lte IE 8)]>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.10.2/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/selectivizr/1.0.2/selectivizr-min.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
(you can see an example right here in the source of this demo)


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WELCOME ^.^
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| Manager |
|---|
| Name: Alan |
| ID: 02 |
| Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|
| Office Phone Number: 1234567 |
| Manager |
|---|
| Name: Alan |
| ID: 02 |
| Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|
| Office Phone Number: 1234567 |
| Intern |
|---|
| Name: Tim |
| ID: 03 |
| Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|
| School: Rice |
| Engineer |
|---|
| Name: Poop |
| ID: 04 |
| Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>|
| Github Username: NIASKAA |


|
|
| VectorT () |
| | default constructor creates uninitialized values.
|
| |
|
| VectorT (const Scalar &v) |
| | special constructor for 1D vectors
|
| |
|
| VectorT (const Scalar _values[N]) |
| | construct from a value array (explicit)
|
| |
|
template<typename otherScalarType > |
| | VectorT (const VectorT< otherScalarType, N > &_rhs) |
| | copy & cast constructor (explicit)
|
| |
|
template<typename otherScalarType > |
| vector_type & | operator= (const VectorT< otherScalarType, N > &_rhs) |
| | cast from vector with a different scalar type
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| |
|
Scalar * | data () |
| | access to Scalar array
|
| |
|
const Scalar * | data () const |
| | access to const Scalar array
|
| |
|
Scalar & | operator[] (size_t _i) |
| | get i'th element read-write
|
| |
|
const Scalar & | operator[] (size_t _i) const |
| | get i'th element read-only
|
| |
|
bool | operator== (const vector_type &_rhs) const |
| | component-wise comparison
|
| |
|
bool | operator!= (const vector_type &_rhs) const |
| | component-wise comparison
|
| |
|
vector_type & | operator*= (const Scalar &_s) |
| | component-wise self-multiplication with scalar
|
| |
| vector_type & | operator/= (const Scalar &_s) |
| | component-wise self-division by scalar More...
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| |
|
vector_type | operator* (const Scalar &_s) const |
| | component-wise multiplication with scalar
|
| |
|
vector_type | operator/ (const Scalar &_s) const |
| | component-wise division by with scalar
|
| |
|
vector_type & | operator*= (const vector_type &_rhs) |
| | component-wise self-multiplication
|
| |
|
vector_type & | operator/= (const vector_type &_rhs) |
| | component-wise self-division
|
| |
|
vector_type & | operator-= (const vector_type &_rhs) |
| | vector difference from this
|
| |
|
vector_type & | operator+= (const vector_type &_rhs) |
| | vector self-addition
|
| |
|
vector_type | operator* (const vector_type &_v) const |
| | component-wise vector multiplication
|
| |
|
vector_type | operator/ (const vector_type &_v) const |
| | component-wise vector division
|
| |
|
vector_type | operator+ (const vector_type &_v) const |
| | component-wise vector addition
|
| |
|
vector_type | operator- (const vector_type &_v) const |
| | component-wise vector difference
|
| |
|
vector_type | operator- (void) const |
| | unary minus
|
| |
| VectorT< Scalar, 3 > | operator% (const VectorT< Scalar, 3 > &_rhs) const |
| | cross product: only defined for Vec3* as specialization More...
|
| |
| Scalar | operator| (const vector_type &_rhs) const |
| | compute scalar product More...
|
| |
|
template<typename Functor > |
| vector_type | apply (const Functor &_func) const |
| | component-wise apply function object with Scalar operator()(Scalar).
|
| |
|
vector_type & | vectorize (const Scalar &_s) |
| | store the same value in each component (e.g. to clear all entries)
|
| |
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bool | operator< (const vector_type &_rhs) const |
| | lexicographical comparison
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| |
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Scalar | norm () const |
| | compute euclidean norm
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| |
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Scalar | length () const |
| | compute euclidean norm
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| |
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Scalar | sqrnorm () const |
| | compute squared euclidean norm
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| |
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vector_type & | normalize () |
| | normalize vector, return normalized vector
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| |
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const vector_type | normalized () const |
| | return normalized vector
|
| |
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vector_type & | normalize_cond () |
| | normalize vector, return normalized vector and avoids div by zero
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Scalar | l1_norm () const |
| | compute L1 (Manhattan) norm
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Scalar | l8_norm () const |
| | compute l8_norm
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Scalar | max () const |
| | return the maximal component
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Scalar | max_abs () const |
| | return the maximal absolute component
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| |
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Scalar | min () const |
| | return the minimal component
|
| |
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Scalar | min_abs () const |
| | return the minimal absolute component
|
| |
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Scalar | mean () const |
| | return arithmetic mean
|
| |
|
Scalar | mean_abs () const |
| | return absolute arithmetic mean
|
| |
|
vector_type & | minimize (const vector_type &_rhs) |
| | minimize values: same as *this = min(*this, _rhs), but faster
|
| |
|
bool | minimized (const vector_type &_rhs) |
| | minimize values and signalize coordinate minimization
|
| |
|
vector_type & | maximize (const vector_type &_rhs) |
| | maximize values: same as *this = max(*this, _rhs), but faster
|
| |
|
bool | maximized (const vector_type &_rhs) |
| | maximize values and signalize coordinate maximization
|
| |
|
vector_type | min (const vector_type &_rhs) const |
| | component-wise min
|
| |
|
vector_type | max (const vector_type &_rhs) const |
| | component-wise max
|
| |


Document number: P0540R0
Project: Programming Language C++
Audience: Library Evolution Working Group
Laurent NAVARRO<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Date: 2017-01-21
Split a string in multiple string based on a separator and the reverse operation to aggregate a collection of string with separator are quite common operations
, but there's no standardized easy to use solutions in the existing std::basic_string
and the proposed std::basic_string_view
class.
split("C++/is/fun","/") => ["C++","is","fun"] join(["C++","is","fun"],"/") => "C++/is/fun"
The purpose of this simple proposal is to cover this miss.
We also propose solutions to easily handle case conversion
Theses features are available in the standard string class of the following languages : D, Python, Java, C#, Go, Rust.
This proposal is a pure library extension. It does not require changes in the language core itself.
It does require adding new method to std::basic_string
class (or not if implemented only in std::basic_string_view
).
Or just a function add in algorithms if this option is preferred.
It has been implemented in standard C++.
Several options have been discussed in this discussion [1], bellows a summary of the various discussed options
Probably the simplest option is to add method to std::basic_string
and std::basic_string_view
.
Example on std::basic_string_view
(std::basic_string
is quite the same)
vector<basic_string<CharT, Traits> > splits(const basic_string_view<CharT, Traits> &Separator) const vector<basic_string_view<CharT, Traits> > splitsv(const basic_string_view<CharT, Traits> &Separator) constThe purpose of theses method is to return a vector of string or of string_view.
auto MyResult= "my,csv,line"s.split(",");
s
and sv
suffixes are derived from the normalized literal suffixes.splitsv
has the advantage to be efficient in terms of CPU (no copy to do) and RAM (No memory to allocate for substring, just for the vector).splits
is useful if splitsv
can't be used. For instance, it's needed if you try to split a temporary object.
Several options presented here are method in both std::basic_string
and std::basic_string_view
.
It could make sense to implement them only in std::basic_string_view
for several reasons :
basic_string_view
is a new class then it's probably simpler to amend it to integrate theses features in C++ 17. Could be back ported later on std::basic_string
if needed.splitf
method will split the input string and call an unary functor with a std::basic_string_view
as a parameter
template <class F> void splitf(const basic_string_view&Separator,F functor) const
Some person does not wish to have a container returned to avoid its memory allocation, splitf
is one possible method to address this concern.
Some person wishes to execute a processing on each value, splitf
is a more direct way to address this request than iterate on splitsv
result with for_each.
The transmitted string view allows compute the position of the substring in the initial string, it was highlighted as a potential need.
Example of usage displaying substring, initial position and length
strsv.splitf(" ", [&](const string_view &s) { cout << s <<" ,Pos="<<(s.data() -strsv.data())<<" ,Len="<<s.length()<< endl; });Example of implementation in [2]
splitc
method will split the input string and push substring in the container passed as output parameter.
template <class T> void splitc(const basic_string_view<CharT, Traits> &Separator,T &Result) const
Some person does not wish to use a vector container, this option allows transmit a wide range of containers to address this concern.
This option also allows feed a container with another string type in it. Can be done in this way if it can be built from a string_view.
Example of usage
vector<string_view> vector5; strsv.splitc(" ", vector5); vector<string> vector6; strsv.splitc(" ", vector6);Example of implementation in [2]
Instead of using suffixes to select the version, it would be nice to have an automatic selection of the right split
version.
splits
& splitsv
have only 1 parameter and can easily be differentiated from splitf
& splitc
.
splits
& splitsv
will be selected by parametring the return type.
str.split<string>(" "); ==> Returns vector<string> str.split<string_view>(" "); ==> Returns vector<string_view>
It's not very user-friendly, but if we set a default type it can be better.
I selected basic_string_view
as default type as it's the most interesting in most cases and the longer to type (string_view=11 char).
When other type is needed (i.e. string), it can be specified, it can also be another string type if convertible from string_view
template<class StringType=basic_string_view<CharT, Traits>,class SeparatorType > vector<StringType > split(const SeparatorType &Separator) const str.split<string>(" "); ==> Returns vector<string> str.split(" "); ==> Returns vector<string_view>
An alternate solution was proposed by Jakob Riedle with a specialization based on the fact invoker is a lvalue or a rvalue.
This solution has the advantage it automatically discards the usage of string_view
on temporary values,
but it makes it a bit more complex if you really want split as a copy in a vector<string>
, it can, however, be done using splitc(MyStringVector)
. I've tested it successfully with this prototype on GCC&VS2017
template<class SeparatorType > vector<basic_string_view> split(const SeparatorType &Separator) const &; template<class SeparatorType > vector<basic_string > split(const SeparatorType &Separator) const &&;
To make the difference between splitf
& splitc
version, enable_if
& is_callable
may probably be used.
I was unable to implement it (I left splitc as is).
Example of implementation in [6]
If the separator is an empty string "" or the separator char is 0 then split methods will split on every char."abc"=>["a","b","c"]
If the input string is an empty string "" then split methods will return an empty container or never call the callback function.
It was highlighted that split by a single char can be optimized regarding splitting by a string. Then it was suggested an overload for single char Separator.
A counter-argument was this optimization can (and should) be detected at runtime or by a non-standardized overload added by the implentor.
But why spend time to check if it can be determined at compilation.
For information the string::find
method as standardized the char overload too.
It was decided to add the char overload as it also avoid the creation of the temporary string_view object.
The implementors can decide to forward it to the string_view version if it don't want to optimize this case.
Specify it as part of the standard is an incitation to optimize this case as it's probably the most common case.
Example of implementation in [2]
It was highlighted that split by a regexp can be useful, it can also be a way to implement the split by a set of separators, then an overload of split
with regexp
could make sense.
It may introduce a dependency on regexp which is perhaps not a good idea.
But it could be implemented by a regexp_split function.
Perhaps it's not an issue to have a dependency with another standard class in this case overload on function may make sense.
This option is part of the proposed text.
Example of implementation in [2]
It N3593 Proposal [5] there's the idea of using a template delimiter object which must implement a find method.
The proposal suggests providing 4 built-in classes for char,string,any_of_string,regex.
It's a smart idea as it allows reduce the number of overload and provide the possibility to extend the concept.
However I think that the benefit provided by reduction of overload is lost by the introduction of 4 new classes. And the wish to add a new kind of splitter is reduced.
Then I consider this solution is a bit more complex for a reduced benefit.
string_split
function algorithm may replace member function as it doesn't require special access to the class.
Pros are :
* avoid implementing it in both classes.
It's true, methods have to be declared on both classes, however, in basic_string
it can be a generic forwarder (below examples used for unified split).
// SPLIT Version replacing splits & splitsv for any separator template* It can be used with alternate string class, however, it will probably require they have a standardized way to extract substring by having a substr method (it's not the case of qstring, Cstring, AnsiString ) making this argument less valuable, class SeparatorType > vector<StringType > split(const SeparatorType &Separator) const { basic_string_view17<CharT, Traits> sv(this->c_str(),this->size()); return sv.split<StringType>(Separator); } // SPLIT Version replacing splitf & splitc for any separator template<class SeparatorType , class TargetType> void split(const SeparatorType &Separator, TargetType Target) const { basic_string_view17<CharT, Traits> sv(this->c_str(), this->size()); return sv.split(Separator, Target); }
const char *MyCharStr="My char* to split";
vector4 = string_split(MyCharStr," ");
vector4 = string_view(MyCharStr).split(" ");
char*
works with this definition (CharT deduction impossible)template <class CharT,class Traits = std::char_traits<CharT>, class StringType = basic_string_view<CharT, Traits> > vector<StringType > string_split(const basic_string_view17<CharT, Traits> &InputStr, const basic_string_view<CharT, Traits> &Separator)But was possible if I skip the CharT with this definition instead (but it will require to definea function for each possible CharT that is opposed to the 1st Pros argument)
template <class StringType = string_view >
vector<StringType > string_split(const string_view17 &InputStr, const string_view &Separator)
mystring.split(',') //seems me more OOP string_split(mystring,',') //seems me more C/Procedural* Introduction of a 'global_name'
string_split
which can enter in a collision with a user function.
It's supposed to be protected by namespace but usage of using namespace std;
is quite common.
string_split
function algorithm will return a range and can potentially replace all the previously discussed method
Example of usage
string MyStr("my,csv,line") vector<string> MyResult(split(MyStr, ",")); // Efficient conversion from string to string_view may require an explicit initial casting vector<string_view> MyResult(split(string_view(MyStr), ",")); // splitf replacement std::for_each(split(string_view(MyStr), ","), callback);Example of implementation in [3]&[4]
The Temporary object issue
During the evaluation of the prototype it was clearly appears there's a problem with temporary objects.
string string_toLower(string Str) { std::transform(Str.begin(), Str.end(), Str.begin(), ::tolower); return Str; } int main() { for(auto x : split_string(vstr1,regex("\\s"))) <== (1) . . . . . for(auto x : split_string(string_toLower("C++ Is Very Fun!!!")," ")) <== (2) . . . . . }Code (1) will not work because
split_string
use a reference to the regex
but has this one doesn't exist anymore when
split_string
returns, the returned iterator got a problem because the regex object doesn't exist anymore.Code (2) will not work either and it's a bigger problem. It's for the same reason, when we use the returned iterator, the lowered string doesn't exist anymore. A workaround could be to systematically make a copy of the inputString but it doesn't make sense from a memory and a performance perspective. It will also invalidate returned string_view in several other usage as the returned string view will not be on the initial object but on the saved copy.
A complementary test done using split action of range-v3 library seems to confirm this fact :
vectorThis instruction display this assertion :vect1= string_toLower(str8) | view::split(',');
error: static assertion failed: You can't pipe an rvalue container into a view. First, save the container into a named variable, and then pipe it to the view.Which let think that, by design, range cannot handle temporary values.
Solutions Comparison
Since the first answer in the proposal thread on google groups, there's a debate between methods vs function. Bellow a factual comparison on some use case.
Note : Other options like unified name split or non member function can be consider but they are pretty close of method option.
| Usage | Range function Option | Method Option | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Split in vector of string_view | vector<string_view> vec =string_split(str,","); | auto vec=str.splitsv(","); | Function solution allocate 1 extra split_range_string and 3 extra iterators (first_,past_last_,the internal of for) |
| Split in vector of string | vector<string> vec=string_split(str,","); | auto vec=str.splits(","); | Function solution allocate 1 extra split_range_string and 3 extra iterators (first_,past_last_,the internal of for) +creation of intermediate string_view |
| Split in list of string_view | list<string_view> lst =string_split(str,","); | list<string_view> lst; str.splitc(",",lst); |
Function solution use the same notation for every container. Method solution requires a different coding for other containers but is more efficient as it doesn't require extra object creation. |
| Split over a function | for_each(string_split(str,","),MyFunction); | str.splitf(",",MyFunction); | Function solution allocate extra objects |
| Split over a loop (a) | for(s :string_split(str,",")) | for(s :str.splitsv(",")) | Methods solution allocate an extra vector of string_view |
| Split over a loop (b) | for(s :string_split(str,",")) | strsv.splitf(" ", [&](const string_view &s) { cout << s << endl; }); |
Methods solution doesn't allocate the extra vector and no extra object like function solution but the notation is quite less conventional |
| Temporary object | vec=string_split(GetTmpObject(),","); | vec=GetTmpObject().splits(","); |
Function solution : Doesn't work (see Temporary object issue paragraph) Methods solution : works fine |
| From alternate string class (Must be convertible from string_view) | vec=string_split(MyOtherString,","); | vec=string_view(MyOtherString).splitsv(","); | both options use in fact the string_view implementation. string_split is not instanciated for the alternate string class. |
C++ 17 will bring a new feature named range that will allow simplify operations on several stuff, thanks to Eric Niebler for his strong commitment on that.
Range-V3 (ancestor of the proposal) include a split action allowing split containers by an element, a range or a predicate.
This solution would fit the need but with some restriction I think.
Ranges are designed to handle general containers with general purpose content, at the opposite this proposal is string oriented and integrate easy to use features.
Split by a single char with range is easy to do and can be a reasonable alternative : vector<string>vect1= str8 | view::split(',');
Use range to split by a substring or a regex will be significantly more complex and require significant pieces of technical code.
Take advantage of string_view is possible with range but it requires an explicit cast of the input string then I consider it should be the default case.
As described in previous paragraph (range function) range usage cause creation of several intermediate objects (the range, iterators),
if we consider the case of parsing a 100 000 line CSV file of 10 columns where each line is handled using the random access operator on the application.
I've the feeling that using the splitc
variant on a vector will be simpler to write and cause significantly less allocation of internal objects.
join
static method will join a list of input string transmitted on a iterable container and add a delimiter between each value
template<class T,class U> static basic_string<CharT, Traits, Allocator> join(T &InputStringList, U Separator)
Example of usage (simple but so useful)
cout << "Join of string vector=" << string::join(vector6, "_") << endl; cout << "Join of string_view vector=" << string::join(vector5, "_") << endl;Example of implementation in [2]
join
method will use the current string as a separator to join the list, it's the way of usage of join in Python
template<class T> basic_string<CharT, Traits, Allocator> join(T &InputStringList)
Example of usage
cout << "pythonic Join of string =" << "-"s.join(vector6) << endl;This option could also be part of
std::basic_string_view
class, the static option make less sense.
string_join
function act exactly as static function but is more adequate if string_split
function is the selected option for split.
template<class T,class U> basic_string<typename T::value_type::value_type, typename T::value_type::traits_type> string_join(T &InputStringList, U Separator)
Example of usage (simple but so useful)
cout << "Join of string_view vector with string_join=" << string_join(vector5, "_") << endl;Example of implementation in [2]
It's possible to optimize the processing by iterating on the container a first time to compute the size of the final string and reserve it below an example on
template<class T> basic_string<typename T::value_type::value_type, typename T::value_type::traits_type> string_join(const T &InputStringList , const basic_string_view<typename T::value_type::value_type,typename T::value_type::traits_type> Separator) { basic_string<T::value_type::value_type, T::value_type::traits_type> result_string; size_t StrLen = 0; if (InputStringList.empty()) return result_string; auto it = InputStringList.begin(); for (; it != InputStringList.end(); ++it) StrLen += it->size() + Separator.size(); result_string.reserve(StrLen); result_string += *InputStringList.begin(); for (it = ++InputStringList.begin(); it != InputStringList.end(); ++it) { result_string += Separator; result_string += *it; } return result_string; }
However it implies to be able to obtain the length of each string in both InputStringList and Separator.
We can consider it's quite common that the separator will be a char*
but it doesn't have size()
member, so as a workaround the separator is specified as const string_view
.
The problem is the same if InputStringList
is a vector<char*>
, but in this case the problem is bigger as it seems to me impossible to specify the type of the returned string.
In several function like string_join it was highlighted the order could be with the separator first as it's smaller than the container (or the input string).
In some language the standard implementation is with the separator first : PHP , C#, Java
In some others, it's separator last Go, Rust, boost::algorithm::join, LibC strtok
Python has a different logic as the separator is the "caller" object (like join classic method described earlier)
Having the separator as 2nd parameters would allow have it optional with ""
It has to be analyzed later, but the consensus seems to be for the separator last.
This chapter wasn't in the initial perimeter of the proposal, but as in fact this proposal talk about solutions to help to handle std::string, I have decided to add it in order to avoid managing a separate proposal.
Today STL provide solutions to convert in lowercase/uppercase a single char, but applying it to a string is quite non-intuitive when we can hope a modern language should handle that easily.
std::string result; std::transform( src.begin(), src.end(), std::back_inserter( result ), ::tolower );
When it could be std::string result=src.tolower();
The proposal is to add tolower
and toupper
member method basic_string
and basic_string_view
classes has shorthand for string of existing tolower
and toupper
function of cctype
header which return a converted copy.
As discussed for split & join it could also be non-members functions string_toupper
there are quite the same Pros & Cons
Possible implementation
basic_string<CharT, Traits> tolower() const { basic_string<CharT, Traits> result; result.reserve(size()); // Allows reserve the space std::transform(begin(), end(), std::back_inserter(result), ::tolower); return result; }
The previous § propose methods returning transformed copy of the input string. But in some case we don't need to keep the original then it makes sense to reuse the memory instead of allocating a new one. Then we propose to have an in place version of methods suffixed by _inplace
(we found a similar approach in POCO library)(perhaps an native English speaker may suggest a more adequate suffix(emplace like emplace_back?) ).
void toupper_inplace();Example of implementation in [6]
Perhaps it could make sense to have version parametrized by a locale which uses toupper
for locale header.
Perhaps this version could handle 1:n conversion like 'ß'=>'SS' which is currently not handled by the existing single char toupper
.
Perhaps it makes sense to have it as non-members functions part of locale
header.
It may append to wish to compare 2 strings in a case insensitive manner, but it's not easy to do it in an efficient manner.
A naive solution consists to convert both string in lowercase on to call compare
on the result. However this option may cause 2 extra memory allocation, when perhaps it can be detected immediately that on first char 'a'!='b'
We propose to add a icompare
method similar to the existing compare
but not case sensitive in both basic_string
and basic_string_view
classes.
int icompare( const basic_string& str ) const;
vector<basic_string<CharT, Traits> > splits(const basic_string_view &Separator) const; vector<basic_string<CharT, Traits> > splits(const typename basic_string_view::value_type Separator) const; vector<basic_string<CharT, Traits> > splits(const basic_regex<CharT> &Separator) const; vector<basic_string_view> splitsv(const basic_string_view &Separator) const; vector<basic_string_view> splitsv(const typename basic_string_view::value_type Separator) const; vector<basic_string_view> splitsv(const basic_regex<CharT> &Separator) const; template <class F> void splitf(const basic_string_view &Separator,F functor) const; template <class F> void splitf(const typename basic_string_view::value_type Separator,F functor) const; template <class F> void splitf(const basic_regex<CharT> &Separator,F functor) const; template <class T> void splitc(const basic_string_view &Separator,T &Result) const; template <class T> void splitc(const typename basic_string_view::value_type Separator,T &Result) const; template <class T> void splitc(const basic_regex<CharT> &Separator,T &Result) const; basic_string<CharT, Traits> toupper() const; void toupper_inplace() ; basic_string<CharT, Traits> tolower() const; void tolower_inplace(); int icompare( const basic_string_view& str ) const;
vector<basic_string<CharT, Traits> > splits(const basic_string_view &Separator) const vector<basic_string<CharT, Traits> > splits(const typename basic_string_view::value_type Separator) const vector<basic_string<CharT, Traits> > splits(const basic_regex<CharT> &Separator) const
Effects: split a string based on the separator and return the result in a vector of string
The separator can be :
* a string
* a single char
* regexp
Returns: vector<string>
Remarks: if string is empty (size()==0) or single char==0 then the string will be split on every char
If the input string is an empty string "" then split methods return an empty container or never call the callback function.
vector<basic_string_view> splitsv(const basic_string_view &Separator) const vector<basic_string_view> splitsv(const typename basic_string_view::value_type Separator) const vector<basic_string_view> splitsv(const basic_regex<CharT> &Separator) const
Effects: split a string based on the separator and return the result in a vector of string_view
The separator can be :
* a string
* a single char
* regexp
Returns: vector<string_view>
Remarks: if string is empty (size()==0) or single char==0 then the string will be split on every char
If the input string is an empty string "" then split methods return an empty container or never call the callback function.
template <class F> void splitf(const basic_string_view &Separator,F functor) const template <class F> void splitf(const typename basic_string_view::value_type Separator,F functor) const template <class F> void splitf(const basic_regex<CharT> &Separator,F functor) const
Effects: split a string based on the separator and call a unary function for each occurence
The separator can be :
* a string
* a single char
* regexp
Returns: void
Remarks: if string is empty (size()==0) or single char==0 then the string will be split on every char
If the input string is an empty string "" then split methods return an empty container or never call the callback function.
template <class T> void splitc(const basic_string_view &Separator,T &Result) const template <class T> void splitc(const typename basic_string_view::value_type Separator,T &Result) const template <class T> void splitc(const basic_regex<CharT> &Separator,T &Result) const
Effects: split a string based on the separator and return the result in the container passed as output parameter
The separator can be :
* a string
* a single char
* regexp
Returns: void
Remarks: if string is empty (size()==0) or single char==0 then the string will be split on every char
If the input string is an empty string "" then split methods return an empty container or never call the callback function.
basic_string<CharT, Traits> toupper() const; basic_string<CharT, Traits> tolower() const;
Effects: Return a copy of a string transformed in lowercase/uppercase.
Returns: the transformed copy
void toupper_inplace(); void tolower_inplace();
Effects: Transform the string in is lowercase/uppercase version.
Returns: void
Remarks: it replace the original string
int icompare( const basic_string_view& str ) const;
Effects: Make a comparison of string in a similar manner that compare but case insensitive
Returns: negative value if *this appears before the character sequence specified by the arguments, in lexicographical order
zero if both character sequences compare equivalent
positive value if *this appears after the character sequence specified by the arguments, in lexicographical order
vector<basic_string> splits(const basic_string_view<CharT, Traits> &Separator) const; vector<basic_string> splits(const typename basic_string_view<CharT, Traits>::value_type Separator) const; vector<basic_string> splits(const basic_regex<CharT> &Separator) const; vector<basic_string_view<CharT, Traits> > splitsv(const basic_string_view<CharT, Traits> &Separator) const; vector<basic_string_view<CharT, Traits> > splitsv(const typename basic_string_view<CharT, Traits>::value_type Separator) const; vector<basic_string_view<CharT, Traits> > splitsv(const basic_regex<CharT> &Separator) const; template <class F> void splitf(const basic_string_view<CharT, Traits> &Separator,F functor) const; template <class F> void splitf(const typename basic_string_view<CharT, Traits>::value_type Separator,F functor) const; template <class F> void splitf(const basic_regex<CharT> &Separator,F functor) const; template <class T> void splitc(const basic_string_view<CharT, Traits> &Separator,T &Result) const; template <class T> void splitc(const typename basic_string_view<CharT, Traits>::value_type Separator,T &Result) const; template <class T> void splitc(const basic_regex<CharT> &Separator,T &Result) const; template<class T,class U> static basic_string<CharT, Traits, Allocator> join(T &InputStringList, U Separator); basic_string toupper() const; void toupper_inplace() ; basic_string tolower() const; void tolower_inplace(); int icompare( const basic_string& str ) const;
Exactly the same behavior as their basic_string_view
equivalent it's a shortcut.
template<class T,class U> static basic_string<CharT, Traits, Allocator> join(T &InputStringList, U Separator)
Effects: return a string which join all string contained in the InputStringList. Add a separator between each string. If there's N string there's N-1 separator inserted.
Returns: Aggregated string
Remarks: if InputStringList is empty method returns an empty string.


Poster.ly is an incredible platform for posting to your favorite internet hotspots including eBay, Craigslist and Facebook.
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View the Era Cene project on GitHub.
\= This reads as the string "foo". foo \= This is the string "12". 12 \= Strings usually can't contain whitespace and punctuation \= characters, but an alternative syntax makes it possible to express \= those characters. This is a string consisting of a percent sign, a \= tab, another percent sign, a space, a left square bracket, and a \= right square bracket. The string syntax supports many escape \= sequences, and this demo doesn't go over them all. \;qq[ %\t`% []] \= This is the list containing the strings "a", "b", and "c". (a b c) \= This is the list (a b) in binary infix notation. Lisp dialects \= usually use the '.' character for dotted lists, but this syntax \= uses it for infix instead. a.b \= The "a.b" operator is left-associative, so this is shorthand for \= ((a b) c). a.b.c \= The / reader macro is like ( but doesn't consume ). Thus, the \= following is shorthand for (a b (c d)). (a b /c d)
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Theory and Background¶
Physics of the wave¶
Bathymetry estimation is not a new problem. Actually, there are already few solutions to approximate the sea floor. Many of them are based on what we call a DIA (Depth Inversion Algorithms), this article [Gri98] summarize few of them. Such an algorithm is based on the inversion of a dispersion relationship between the celerity and the depth.
But actually, all is physically linked, thus the bathymetry influences also the wavelength, the wave height, or the refraction. I invite you to check the chapter 8 of this book [Thu10] for more information about the physics of the waves.
Timestack¶
We first need a representation of the waves according to time. Our model is quite simplified, so we will consider here an infinite beach where the bathymetry just varies on the \(x\) axis. In that case, a wave can be described by one vector carrying the elevation according to the position \(x\) at a time \(t\). Concatenating these vectors along time create an image called timestack. Here is an example:
The color represents the height of the water at a certain point \(x\). These timestacks are built from real videos of litoral, the process to get timestack from them are described in this article [ABSR09].


Thank you for installing phpList.
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Please take note, that
ALL settings can be changed through the
/config/config.php file, and some may be necessary for some of the more advanced customizations that are available.
A comprehensive list of guides to get you started can be found
here, but we'll outline some of the key documents we highly recommend reading to get yourself familiarized with the application.
To begin, we suggest reading
this guide to understand the basic concepts behind phpList.
Next we recommend reading about
lists and user functions to learn more about creating lists, how to import users/clients into these lists.
After creating your first list and importing your users, you can begin
creating a new message, as well as keeping track of your list statistics.
Finally, you can learn more about customizing phpList with
Administrator functions, such as creating other administrative users and their permissions.
If you notice that the emails you send out are being flagged as
SPAM by your recipients, phpList has provided some
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Program the robot represented by a green triangle so that it follows the black track to the end.
Drag the instructions below to create a program.
The robot will repeat this sequence of instructions b> until it reaches the end of the track or it exits the track.
Instructions |
Build your sequence |
Result |
|
|


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| |
| Nine |
| Pairings |
| 3:52 |
| 4:08 |
| 4:24 |
| 4:40 |
|
| Week 1 - May 1 |
| Silver |
| 1-2, 3-4 |
| Double Eagles vs Mulligans |
| Bushwoods Finest vs Noonan |
| Kraft Dinner vs Mentally Handicapped |
| Swing Doctors vs Pinseekers |
|
| Week 2 - May 8 |
| Platinum |
| 1-3, 2-4 |
| Kraft Dinner vs Pinseekers |
| Double Eagles vs Bushwoods Finest |
| Mentally Handicapped vs Swing Doctors |
| Noonan vs Mulligans |
|
| Week 3 - May 15 |
| Bronze |
| 1-4, 2-3 |
| Noonan vs Swing Doctors |
| Pinseekers vs Mulligans |
| Bushwoods Finest vs Mentally Handicapped |
| Double Eagles vs Kraft Dinner |
|
| |
| Nine |
| Pairings |
| 3:52 |
| 4:08 |
| 4:24 |
| 4:40 |
|
| Week 4 - May 22 |
| Gold |
| 1-2, 3-4 |
| Bushwoods Finest vs Pinseekers |
| Noonan vs Kraft Dinner |
| Double Eagles vs Swing Doctors |
| Mentally Handicapped vs Mulligans |
|
| Week 5 - June 5 |
| Silver |
| 1-3, 2-4 |
| Double Eagles vs Noonan |
| Mentally Handicapped vs Pinseekers |
| Swing Doctors vs Mulligans |
| Bushwoods Finest vs Kraft Dinner |
|
| Week 6 - June 12 |
| Platinum |
| 1-4, 2-3 |
| Bushwoods Finest vs Mulligans |
| Kraft Dinner vs Swing Doctors |
| Noonan vs Mentally Handicapped |
| Double Eagles vs Pinseekers |
|
| |
| Nine |
| Pairings |
| 3:52 |
| 4:08 |
| 4:24 |
| 4:40 |
|
| Week 7 - June 19 |
| Bronze |
| 1-2, 3-4 |
| Kraft Dinner vs Mulligans |
| Double Eagles vs Mentally Handicapped |
| Noonan vs Pinseekers |
| Bushwoods Finest vs Swing Doctors |
|
| Week 8 - June 26 |
| Gold |
| 1-3, 2-4 |
| Mentally Handicapped vs Mulligans |
| Double Eagles vs Swing Doctors |
| Noonan vs Kraft Dinner |
| Bushwoods Finest vs Pinseekers |
|
| Week 9 - July 10 |
| Platinum |
| 1-4, 2-3 |
| Bushwoods Finest vs Kraft Dinner |
| Swing Doctors vs Mulligans |
| Mentally Handicapped vs Pinseekers |
| Double Eagles vs Noonan |
|
| |
| Nine |
| Pairings |
| 3:52 |
| 4:08 |
| 4:24 |
| 4:40 |
|
| Week 10 - July 17 |
| Bronze |
| 1-2, 3-4 |
| Double Eagles vs Pinseekers |
| Noonan vs Mentally Handicapped |
| Kraft Dinner vs Swing Doctors |
| Bushwoods Finest vs Mulligans |
|
| Week 11 - July 24 |
| Gold |
| 1-3, 2-4 |
| |
| Rain out week |
| |
| |
|
| Week 12 - July 31 |
| Silver |
| 1-4, 2-3 |
| Double Eagles vs Kraft Dinner |
| Bushwoods Finest vs Mentally Handicapped |
| Pinseekers vs Mulligans |
| Noonan vs Swing Doctors |
|
| |
| Nine |
| Pairings |
| 3:52 |
| 4:08 |
| 4:24 |
| 4:40 |
|
| Week 13 - August 7 |
| Platinum |
| 1-2, 3-4 |
| Noonan vs Mulligans |
| Mentally Handicapped vs Swing Doctors |
| Double Eagles vs Bushwoods Finest |
| Kraft Dinner vs Pinseekers |
|
| Week 14 - August 14 |
| Bronze |
| 1-3, 2-4 |
| Swing Doctors vs Pinseekers |
| Kraft Dinner vs Mentally Handicapped |
| Bushwoods Finest vs Noonan |
| Double Eagles vs Mulligans |
|
| Week 15 - August 21 |
| Gold |
| 1-4, 2-3 |
| Bushwoods Finest vs Swing Doctors |
| Noonan vs Pinseekers |
| Double Eagles vs Mentaly Handicapped |
| Kraft Dinner vs Mulligans |
|
| |
| Nine |
| Pairings |
| 3:52 |
| 4:08 |
| 4:24 |
| 4:40 |
|
| Week 16 - August 28 |
| Silver |
| 1-2, 3-4 |
| 1st Place vs 4th Place |
| 2nd Place vs 3rd Place |
| 5th Place vs 8th place |
| 6th Place vs 7th Place |
|
| Week 17 - September 11 |
| Platinum |
| 1-3, 2-4 |
| Winner 1st/4th vs Winner 2nd/3rd |
| Loser 1st/4th vs Loser 2nd/3rd |
| Winner 5th/8th vs Winner 6th/7th |
| Loser 5th/8th vs Loser 6th/7th |
|
| Week 18 - August 18 |
| Bronze |
| 1-4, 2-3 |
| |
| Rain out week |
| |
| |
|
| |


Build Your Own Hobbit Hole
While YeeF and I were returning from climbing one evening - something I'm trying to get started again, ever so gently - I mentioned a Hobbit-style house that I'd seen online that I thought was very interesting. But since I've got a swiss cheese memory, I couldn't find it and only came across it again, tonight. 'A Low Impact Woodland Home'.
One of the reasons I find this interesting:
Main tools used: chainsaw, hammer and 1 inch chisel, little else really. Oh and by the way I am not a builder or carpenter, my experience is only having a go at one similar house 2yrs before and a bit of mucking around inbetween. This kind of building is accessible to anyone. My main relevant skills were being able bodied, having self belief and perseverence and a mate or two to give a lift now and again.
There are a number of interesting things about it. It's a roundhouse, built with trees, straw, rock and dirt. It has a green roof and dirt floors. It's low-impact and a lot of the materials were recycled from other buildings or work sites. Lots of cools things to check out.
(As an aside, I found this while I was surfing. I was looking for News of the Weird, but was lazy and typed 'notw'. Which turned up the News Of The World. And I just clicked. It's like car-accident-fascination I guess. Anyways, felicity, serendipity, to whichever it can be attributed, here's the 'hobbit hole'.)
About this entry
You"re currently reading "Build Your Own Hobbit Hole," an entry on a crick in the net
- Published:
- 03.04.07 / 8pm
- Category:
- Enviroh-oh-Oh!


Unplugged
For this three-page website challenge for a fictional camp, I was given PSD files to show how each page of the site should look when viewed from mobile, tablet, and desktop. To create this site, I started with the HTML5 boilerplate, and coded it starting with the header and footer before moving on to individual pages. I utilized mobile-first development practices and media queries to make this site responsive so that it would look beautiful regardless of the device viewed on. The "About" page also utilized iframes to embed a map of the area into the page.
Check out the site, click between the pages, and check out how it looks on multiple devices (note that external links won't go anywhere as it is a fictional company).


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This is the paragraph where you can write more details about your product. Keep you user engaged by providing meaningful information. Remember that by this time, the user is curious, otherwise he wouldn't scroll to get here. Add a button if you want the user to see more. We are here to make life better.
And now I look and look around and there’s so many Kanyes I've been trying to figure out the bed design for the master bedroom at our Hidden Hills compound... and thank you for turning my personal jean jacket into a couture piece.
“And thank you for turning my personal jean jacket into a couture piece.”
Kanye West, Producer.
"Over the span of the satellite record, Arctic sea ice has been declining significantly, while sea ice in the Antarctichas increased very slightly"
-NOAA
The Arctic Ocean freezes every winter and much of the sea-ice then thaws every summer, and that process will continue whatever happens with climate change. Even if the Arctic continues to be one of the fastest-warming regions of the world, it will always be plunged into bitterly cold polar dark every winter. And year-by-year, for all kinds of natural reasons, there’s huge variety of the state of the ice.
For a start, it does not automatically follow that a record amount of ice will melt this summer. More important for determining the size of the annual thaw is the state of the weather as the midnight sun approaches and temperatures rise. But over the more than 30 years of satellite records, scientists have observed a clear pattern of decline, decade-by-decade.
The Arctic Ocean freezes every winter and much of the sea-ice then thaws every summer, and that process will continue whatever happens with climate change. Even if the Arctic continues to be one of the fastest-warming regions of the world, it will always be plunged into bitterly cold polar dark every winter. And year-by-year, for all kinds of natural reasons, there’s huge variety of the state of the ice.
We are here to make life better. And now I look and look around and there’s so many Kanyes I've been trying to figure out the bed design for the master bedroom at our Hidden Hills compound... and thank you for turning my personal jean jacket into a couture piece.
I speak yell scream directly at the old guard on behalf of the future. daytime All respect prayers and love to Phife’s family Thank you for so much inspiration.
Thank you Anna for the invite thank you to the whole Vogue team And I love you like Kanye loves Kanye Pand Pand Panda I've been trying to figure out the bed design for the master bedroom at our Hidden Hills compound...The Pablo pop up was almost a pop up of influence. All respect prayers and love to Phife’s family Thank you for so much inspiration daytime I love this new Ferg album! The Life of Pablo is now available for purchase I have a dream. Thank you to everybody who made The Life of Pablo the number 1 album in the world! I'm so proud of the nr #1 song in the country. Panda! Good music 2016!
I love this new Ferg album! The Life of Pablo is now available for purchase I have a dream. Thank you to everybody who made The Life of Pablo the number 1 album in the world! I'm so proud of the nr #1 song in the country. Panda! Good music 2016!
Warner Music Group announced today it’s acquiring the selected assets of the music platform Songkick, including its app for finding concerts and the company’s trademark.
Insticator is announcing that it has raised $5.2 million in Series A funding. The startup allows online publishers to add quizzes, polls and other interactive elements...
3 Comments
Tina Andrew · 7 minutes ago
Chance too good. God level bars. I'm so proud of @LifeOfDesiigner #1 song in the country. Panda!  We are so blessed!
All praises and blessings to the families of people who never gave up on dreams. Don't forget, You're Awesome!
John Camber · Yesterday
Hello guys, nice to have you on the platform! There will be a lot of great stuff coming soon. We will keep you posted for the latest news.
Don't forget, You're Awesome!
Tina Andrew · 2 Days Ago
Hello guys, nice to have you on the platform! There will be a lot of great stuff coming soon. We will keep you posted for the latest news.
Don't forget, You're Awesome!
Post your comment


?PLANTS
OF
BAHAMA
ISLANDS
Cenchrus
brownei
Roem,
&
Schult.
New
Providence:
dry
grassy
soil
along
John
F.
Kennedy
Drive
near
intersection
with
Harold
Road,
Nassau.
September
19,
1978
D.
S.
Correli
50219
Herbarium
FAIRCHILD
TROPICAL
GARDEN
01530227
Legend -
Level of confidence that token is an accurately-transcribed word
extremely low
very low
low
undetermined
medium
high
very high


this is my individual project always my dream was being computer scientist
am student who always like self development thats is why am more passionate in learning programing
my hobbies are reading,swimming,travelling and more so writting poems
this is not my image but describes more about me


Work for the greater good
At the European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), we help scientists realise the potential of ‘big data’ in biology, helping them exploit complex information to make discoveries that benefit mankind. We manage the world’s public biological data and make it freely available to the scientific community via a range of services and tools, perform basic research and provide professional training in bioinformatics.
View all jobsServices
We host the world’s most comprehensive range of freely available, up-to-date molecular databases.
Developed in collaboration with our colleagues worldwide, our databases and tools span the full range of molecular biology, and support researchers working in all areas of the life sciences.
Our services help scientists share data, perform complex queries and analyse the results in different ways. Users can work locally by downloading our data and software, or use our web services to access our resources programmatically. Our website serves millions of researchers in industry and academia working to find solutions to some of society's most pressing challenges.
Technical infrastructure
EMBL-EBI services are freely available, 24/7, from data centres equipped to host 60 Petabytes of data.
There are around 18.5 million requests to our websites every day, and we handle around 9.2 million jobs on average per month. The purpose of all this activity is to understand how life works at a molecular level, so the technologies we develop and supply are sophisticated and change rapidly. We take a collaborative approach to development, with an emphasis on using open-source technologies whenever possible.
Around the campus
We have great benefits
Generous annual leave allowance
Competititive salary and allowances
Subsidised gym on campus
Health insurance
On-site nursery
Child sick leave days
Free shuttle bus to campus
Exceptional technical infrastructure
Subsidised cafeteria on campus
Collegial, supportive working environment
Our open jobs
- Backend Software Developer
-
python devops coreos rest redis
We are looking for an experienced Software Developer to be involved in large-scale biological data analysis and...
- Software Engineer
-
java javascript scala python mongodb
We are seeking an enthusiastic software developer to join the Molecular Networks Team at the European Bioinformatics…


Promociones
En Zetabit siempre estamos de promoción ofrecemos los mejores descuentos a nuestros clientes.
Más promocionesA beautiful Design System completed with examples
The Design System comes with four pre-built pages to help you get started faster. You can change the text and images and you're good to go. More importantly, looking at them will give you a picture of what you can built with this powerful Bootstrap 4 Design System.
Do you love this awesome Design System for Bootstrap 4?
Cause if you do, it can be yours for FREE. Hit the button below to navigate to Creative Tim where you can find the Design System in HTML. Start a new project or give an old Bootstrap project a new look!


Document
Vilnius in a Spring
This is my City
A city of Vilnius
My birthplace
I've got no idea how I get here.
We are looking for:
- programmers
- hr department staff
- so-workers
In other words, we are looking for:
- good people
- people with knowledge
- smart people
But we should look at Wikipedia first, didn't we?


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