Ploror688.github.io
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Step 1: Setting up HENkaku
-- Temporary Start --
TODO: Add henkaku offline instructions here
-- Temporary End --
Now that your finished click here to see some tutorials about Homebrew and stuff!
Part I: Requirements
Part II: Running and Installing HENkaku
Open the PS Vita's Web Browser and go to http://henkaku.xyz .
Click the orange 'Install' button.
Click the next orange 'Install button' (This will run the exploit and install molecularShell).
Installation can take anywhere from 15 seconds to a minute.
If any error message appears or your console freezes, see the troubleshooting page .
When the Installation of HENkaku and molecularShell is finished, you will be brought back to the LiveArea screen.
Part III: Installing VitaShell & Henkaku Offline Installer
Open molecularShell.
Press Start to open the HENkaku Settings.
Navigate to 'Enable unsafe homebrew' and press X.
WARNING: WHEN INSTALLING VPKs BE CAREFUL! A MISUSED, MISCONFIGURED, OR MALICIOUS VPK CAN PERMANENTLY DAMAGE YOUR DEVICE!
Dismiss the warning by pressing X.
Exit the HENkaku settings menu by pressing Circle.
Press the PS button to go back to the LiveArea screen and close molecularShell.
Relaunch molecularShell.
Press Select to start the FTP Server.
Connect to your Vita using your FTP client and navigate to 'ux0:'.
Copy the 'offlineinstaller.vpk' file to ux0:.
Copy the 'VitaShell.vpk' file that you downloaded earlier to ux0:.
Press Circle with the FTP server dialog open to close the FTP Server.
Navigate to ux0: within molecularShell.
Select 'VitaShell.vpk' and press X.
Press X to install VitaShell.
Press X at the warning box.
Select 'offlineinstaller.vpk' and press X.
Press X to install offlineinstaller.
Press X at the warning box.
Exit molecularShell
Part IIII: Installing Henkaku Offline Exploit
Open 'offlineinstaller'.
Press X to install the exploit.
Once the exploit is done installing, press any button to exit.
It is recommended to test the exploit after installing.
Power Off your console.
Wait about 5 seconds after the PS button stops blinking.
Turn your console back on.
Enable Airplane mode.
Open the Email app.
If you already had an email account attached to your Console, Choose HENkaku Offline (If you didn't, skip this step.)
Select Inbox
Select the email, and wait 10-15 seconds.
If you get an error, Close the Email app and try again.
If the exploit was successful, you should be back on the LiveArea screen.
Now you can use this exploit to launch HENkaku without an internet connection!
Continue to Step 2: Installing Adrenaline ePSP CFW


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{% for book in books %}
{% if forloop.first %}
{% else %}
{% endif %}
{{ book.name }}
Cover Up Front Of Books and Leave Summary
See more
{% endfor %}
CHILDREN’S BOOKS
{% for book in children_books %}
{% endfor %}
{% include 'some_books.html' with h2='ARTS BOOKS' %}
{% endblock main %}


2 Chronicles 10:3
And they sent and called him. So Jeroboam and all Israel came and spake to Rehoboam, saying,


This is Helen. She is learning how to code. She started Code Meets Girl a couple months after making the rather daunting decision to switch careers from email marketing to programming. Sometimes learning to code is a total strugglefest, and so Helen made this blog to help make coding less of a strugglefest for others.


YOU ARE BEING WATCHED
Caesar Cipher
Title description, July 26, 2019
Introduction
The Caesar cipher is one of the earliest known and simplest ciphers. It is a type of substitution cipher in which each letter in the plaintext is 'shifted' a certain number of places down the alphabet. For example, with a shift of 1, A would be replaced by B, B would become C, and so on. The method is named after Julius Caesar, who apparently used it to communicate with his generals.More complex encryption schemes such as the Vigenère cipher employ the Caesar cipher as one element of the encryption process. The widely known ROT13 'encryption' is simply a Caesar cipher with an offset of 13. The Caesar cipher offers essentially no communication security, and it will be shown that it can be easily broken even by hand.
Example
To pass an encrypted message from one person to another, it is first necessary that both parties have the 'key' for the cipher, so that the sender may encrypt it and the receiver may decrypt it.
For the caesar cipher, the key is the number of characters to shift the cipher alphabet.
Here is a quick example of the encryption and decryption steps involved with the caesar cipher.
The text we will encrypt is 'defend the east wall of the castle', with a shift (key) of 1.
plaintext: defend the east wall of the castle
ciphertext: efgfoe uif fbtu xbmm pg uif dbtumf
It is easy to see how each character in the plaintext is shifted up the alphabet. Decryption is just as easy, by using an offset of -1.
plain: abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
cipher: bcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyza
Obviously, if a different key is used, the cipher alphabet will be shifted a different amount.
Mathematical Description
First we translate all of our characters to numbers, 'a'=0, 'b'=1, 'c'=2, ... , 'z'=25. We can now represent the caesar cipher encryption function, e(x), where x is the character we are encrypting, as:e(x) = (x + k)(mod 26)
Where k is the key (the shift) applied to each letter. After applying this function the result is a number which must then be translated back into a letter. The decryption function is :
e(x) = (x - K)(mod 26)
JavaScript Example of the Caesar Cipher
Plaintext
attack at dawn
shift:
Ciphertext
Other Implementations
For Caesar cipher code in various programming languages, see the Implementations page.
To encipher your own messages in python, you can use the pycipher module. To install it, use pip install pycipher. To encipher messages with the Caesar cipher (or another cipher, see here for documentation):
>>>from pycipher import Caesar
>>>Caesar(key=1).encipher('defend the east wall of the castle')
'EFGFOEUIFFBTUXBMMPGUIFDBTUMF'
>>>Caesar(key=1).decipher('EFGFOEUIFFBTUXBMMPGUIFDBTUMF')
'DEFENDTHEEASTWALLOFTHECASTLE'
Cryptanalysis
See Cryptanalysis of the Caesar Cipher for a way of automatically breaking this cipher.
Cryptanalysis is the art of breaking codes and ciphers. The Caesar cipher is probably the easiest of all ciphers to break. Since the shift has to be a number between 1 and 25, (0 or 26 would result in an unchanged plaintext) we can simply try each possibility and see which one results in a piece of readable text. If you happen to know what a piece of the ciphertext is, or you can guess a piece, then this will allow you to immediately find the key.
If this is not possible, a more systematic approach is to calculate the frequency distribution of the letters in the cipher text. This consists of counting how many times each letter appears. Natural English text has a very distinct distribution that can be used help crack codes. This distribution is as follows:
Frequency distribution
English Letter Frequencies
This means that the letter e is the most common, and appears almost 13% of the time, whereas z appears far less than 1 percent of time. Application of the Caesar cipher does not change these letter frequencies, it merely shifts them along a bit (for a shift of 1, the most frequent ciphertext letter becomes f). A cryptanalyst just has to find the shift that causes the ciphertext frequencies to match up closely with the natural English frequencies, then decrypt the text using that shift. This method can be used to easily break Caesar ciphers by hand.
If you are still having trouble, try the cryptanalysis section of the substitution cipher page. All strategies that work with the substitution cipher will also work with the Caesar cipher (but methods that work on the Caesar cipher do not necessarily work on the general substitution cipher).
For a method that works well on computers, we need a way of figuring out which of the 25 possible decryptions looks the most like English text.
See Cryptanalysis of the Caesar Cipher for a walkthrough of how to break it using quadgram statistics.
The key (or shift) that results in a decryption with the highest likelyhood of being English text is most probably the correct key.
Of course, the more ciphertext you have, the more likely this is to be true (this is the case for all statistical measures, including the frequency approach above).
So the method used is to take the ciphertext, try decrypting it with each key, then see which decryption looks the best.
This simplistic method of cryptanalysis only works on very simple ciphers such as the Caesar cipher and the rail fence cipher, even slightly more complex ciphers can have far too many keys to check all of them.
About me
Username: CyberGod0001
Annonymous player - Cyber Security God
Comments
dedsec##, 01:45:10 1/08/19: Amazing take on Caesar Cipher thanks for the help.
gokugo1211, 13:25:30 3/08/19: Nowadays copying stuff from different blogs to make another blog is an art LMAO


ATV rider plummets 150 feet
by Colin DacreUPDATE 6 p.m.
The Penticton Fire Department has successfully rescued the rider from the bottom of the embankment.
The rider was conscious and speaking as he was being loaded into an ambulance. Firefighters were still busy and unable to comment to provide details of the call.
Castanet News will update with details of the incident Tuesday morning.
ORIGINAL 5:30 p.m.
A long-line rescue is underway on Penticton’s West Bench, where an ATV rider has plummeted 150 feet down a clay bank.
Emergency crews are set up behind a home on the 4400 block of Sage Mesa Drive, looking down a large ravine that falls down towards Highway 97.
There is no word on the condition of the rider and the rescue is still in progress. Castanet will update as more information becomes available.


$ docker run -it --init -p 3000:3000 \
-v "$(pwd):/home/project:cached" \
theiaide/theia-java:next
09 June 2020
Developing Cloud-native environments fosters the trend to a new kind of development environments, which are also hosted in the cloud. Beside Github's Codespaces, Eclipse Che is one of the players at this ground. To get a first impression of the new type of IDE, I tried Eclipse Theia locally using the project's pre-defined Docker image. In doing so, I learned something interesting about sharing files with containers.
Eclipse Theia is the code editor integrated into Eclipse Che, which calls itself as The Kubernetes-Native IDE for Developer Teams. There are different ways to execute Eclipse Theia independent of Eclipse Che as described by the article How to launch Eclipse Theia.
Starting Eclipse Theia in a pre-configured Docker container prevents you from complex installation procedures. As mentioned on the Eclipse Theia IDE Github repository, executing the IDE is as easy as submitting the command:
$ docker run -it --init -p 3000:3000 \
-v "$(pwd):/home/project:cached" \
theiaide/theia-java:next
| As Java developer I went for the Java flavored IDE, but other languages are available, too. |
The -v
option of the Docker run command maps the current working directory
$(pwd)
to the /home/project
directory, where the IDE expects the workspace
files.
In this case, the host files are shared with the container, ie. we
use bind mounts. Although,
the preferred mechanism for persisting data with Docker is to
use volumes, the utilization of
bind mounts is fine here.
When I started the Theia container from the root directory of an existing
Maven project, the IDE can be opened in the Browser on http://localhost:3000
:
The terminal integrated in the IDE runs a shell in the container of the IDE.
There the files of the workspace are listed using the ls
command. The file’s
owner are reported as node
. However, the Maven build in IDE’s terminal
fails with:
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-clean-plugin:3.1.0:clean (default-clean) on project bean-validation: Failed to clean project: Failed to delete /home/project/target/generated-test-sources/test-annotations -> [Help 1]: value
The Maven build cannot remove the target
folder, because the container runs
with the user theia
, which is apparently not the owner of the files:
theia@466d3953d9e1:/home/project$ id
uid=1001(theia) gid=1001(theia) groups=1001(theia)
What’s also a bit confusing at the first glance is that the shell on the
host system reports the very same files to be owned by my personal
user gunther
:
$ ls -al
total 40
drwxrwxr-x 5 gunther gunther 4096 Mai 24 12:04 .
drwxrwxr-x 4 gunther gunther 4096 Mai 20 20:00 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 gunther gunther 1504 Apr 10 13:53 .classpath
-rw-rw-r-- 1 gunther gunther 4680 Mai 24 12:04 pom.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 gunther gunther 544 Apr 10 12:26 .project
-rw-rw-r-- 1 gunther gunther 261 Apr 13 12:43 README.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 gunther gunther 4096 Apr 10 12:26 .settings
drwxrwxr-x 4 gunther gunther 4096 Dez 17 18:29 src
drwxr-xr-x 10 gunther gunther 4096 Mai 24 11:49 target
To break things up: The file permission is checked by the Linux kernel.
The kernel does not know anything about user names, but works with user IDs
only. The /etc/passwd
file or LDAP integration or a similar mechanism takes
care of mapping the user IDs to names. That explains why the ls
command
reports different user names as owner of shared files inside and outside
of the container. The user gunther
on the host system does have the same
ID as the user node
in the Theia container:
$ id
uid=1000(gunther) gid=1000(gunther) groups=1000(gunther),4(adm),24(cdrom),27(sudo),30(dip),46(plugdev),118(lpadmin),129(sambashare),999(microk8s),1001(docker)
Another fact to keep is mind is that the Linux kernel is shared between the host and all containers. That’s, by the way, one big difference to virtual machines.
If we want to fix the permissions, so that user running the container owns
the shared file of the workspace, we could add the -u
option when starting
the container as follows:
docker run -it --rm --init -p 3000:3000 \
-u $UID:$(id -g) \
-v "$(pwd):/home/project:cached" \
theiaide/theia-java:next
Now the container runs with user ID 1000
, the same ID as the user gunther
on the host system:
node@11e14537a344:/home/project$ id
uid=1000(node) gid=1000(node) groups=1000(node)
As mentioned before, the name of the user does not matter, only its ID counts. The Maven build in the IDE’s terminal, ie. executed by the container, runs successful now.
| After changing the user ID of the container, Eclipse Theia IDE does not work properly anymore. Other files inside the container are not longer readable or writable. Though, changing the container’s user is not a sustainable solution to share Theia workspaces with the host. |
File permissions are checked by the Linux kernel based on the user’s id, never considering the name of the user which belongs to the ID. Starting containers with a certain user ID can fix file permission issues, but often cause issues when containers expect to run under a particular user ID.


 they ask, as you look up and see a sign that says Tech Help Desk.
Must mean this is where you get help with technology, or were technology gets help with people. As you laugh to yourself the librarian ask you again if you need any help.
| "Kinda, I found this at the copier." You say | ||
| "How do you get on the Computers?" You say | "How do you Print from the Computers?" You say | |
| Or maybe something else? |


ozpIwc.network.KeyBroadcastLocalStorageLink Class
This link connects peers using the HTML5 localstorage API. It is a second generation version of the localStorageLink that bypasses most of the garbage collection issues.
When a packet is sent, this link turns it to a string, creates a key with that value, and immediately deletes it. This still sends the storage event containing the packet as the key. This completely eliminates the need to garbage collect the localstorage space, with the associated mutex contention and full-buffer issues.
Constructor
ozpIwc.network.KeyBroadcastLocalStorageLink
-
[config]
Parameters:
-
[config]
Object optionalConfiguration for this link
-
[peer=ozpIwc.defaultPeer]
ozpIwc.network.Peer optionalThe peer to connect to.
-
[metrics]
ozpIwc.metric.Registry optionalThe metric registry to put this modules metrics in. If no registry metrics not taken
-
[prefix='ozpIwc']
String optionalNamespace for communicating, must be the same for all peers on the same network.
-
[selfId]
String optionalUnique name within the peer network. Defaults to the peer id.
-
[maxRetries]
Number optionalNumber of times packet transmission will retry if failed. Defaults to 6.
-
[queueSize]
Number optionalNumber of packets allowed to be queued at one time. Defaults to 1024.
-
[fragmentSize]
Number optionalSize in bytes of which any TransportPacket exceeds will be sent in FragmentPackets.
-
[fragmentTime]
Number optionalTime in milliseconds after a fragment is received and additional expected fragments are not received that the message is dropped.
-
Item Index
Methods
- attemptSend static
- defragmentPacket static
- forwardToPeer static
- handleFragment
- queueSend static
- send
- sendImpl
- storeFragment static
Methods
attemptSend
-
link
-
packet
-
[attemptCount]
Recursively tries sending the packet ozpIwc.KeyBroadcastLocalStorageLink/maxRetries:property times. The packet is dropped and the send fails after reaching max attempts.
Parameters:
-
link
ozpIwc.network.KeyBroadcastLocalStorageLink -
packet
ozpIwc.packet.Network -
[attemptCount]
Number optionalnumber of times attempted to send packet.
defragmentPacket
-
fragments
Rebuilds the original packet sent across the keyBroadcastLocalStorageLink from the fragments it was broken up into.
Parameters:
-
fragments
ozpIwc.packet.FragmentStorethe grouping of fragments to reconstruct
Returns:
result the reconstructed NetworkPacket with TransportPacket as its data property.
forwardToPeer
-
link
-
packet
Passes the received packet to the local Peer component.
Parameters:
handleFragment
-
packet
Handles fragmented packets received from the router. When all fragments of a message have been received, the resulting packet will be passed on to the ozpIwc.KeyBroadcastLocalStorageLink/peer:property.
Parameters:
-
packet
ozpIwc.packet.NetworkNetworkPacket containing an ozpIwc.FragmentPacket as its data property
queueSend
-
link
-
packet
Places a packet in the ozpIwc.KeyBroadcastLocalStorageLink/sendQueue:property if it does not already hold ozpIwc.KeyBroadcastLocalStorageLink/queueSize:property amount of packets.
Parameters:
send
-
packet
Publishes a packet to other peers. If the sendQueue is full the send will not occur. If the TransportPacket is larger than the ozpIwc.KeyBroadcastLocalStorageLink/fragmentSize:property, an ozpIwc.FragmentPacket will be sent instead.
Parameters:
-
packet
ozpIwc.packet.Network
sendImpl
-
packet
Implementation of publishing packets to peers through localStorage. If the localStorage is full or a write collision occurs, the send will not occur. Returns status of localStorage write, null if success.
Parameters:
-
packet
ozpIwc.packet.Network
storeFragment
-
link
-
packet
Stores a received fragment. When the first fragment of a message is received, a timer is set to destroy the storage of the message fragments should not all messages be received.
Parameters:
-
link
ozpIwc.network.KeyBroadcastLocalStorageLink -
packet
ozpIwc.packet.NetworkNetworkPacket containing an ozpIwc.FragmentPacket as its data property
Returns:
result true if successful.
Properties
fragmentSize
Number
Minimum size in bytes that a packet will broken into fragments.
Default: 1310720
fragmentTimeout
Number
The amount of time allotted to the Link to wait between expected fragment packets. If an expected fragment is not received within this timeout the packet is dropped.
Default: 1000
maxRetries
Number
The maximum number of retries the link will take to send a package. A timeout of
max(1, 2^(
Default: 6
myKeysTimeout
Number
Milliseconds to wait before deleting this link's keys
Default: 5000
otherKeysTimeout
Number
Milliseconds to wait before deleting other link's keys
Default: 120000
prefix
String
Namespace for communicating, must be the same for all peers on the same network.
Default: "ozpIwc"
queueSize
Number
Maximum number of packets that can be in the send queue at any given time.
Default: 1024
selfId
String
Unique name within the peer network. Defaults to the peer id.
Default: ozpIwc.network.Peer.selfId
sendQueue
Array
A queue for outgoing packets. If this queue is full further packets will not be added.
Default: []


The strongest Compilers out there do not limit their work to direct compilation of the source code.
They also modify the original source code in order to optimize performances.
The first concepts we must study are:
- What they optimize.
- When they optimize, that is, at which point in the compilation process.
- Where they optimize, that is, what parts of the code.
What do Compilers Optimize?
Software applications vary over a very broad range. Web, Desktop, Database, Embedded Systems are just a few examples.
Thus, it’s no surprise that there exist Compilers to optimize different metrics.
Here’s a few common metrics a Compiler may want to optimize:
- Runtime. This is probably the most common case, when a Compiler wants to minimize the number of execution steps of a program.
- Disk access. When a Compiler wants to minimize the number of accesses to disk made by a program.
- Network messages. When the number and size of packets sent through the network must be minimized.
- Power consumption. When the battery of the machine must be preserved as long as possible.
- Size of the compiled program. When the size (in kilobytes or megabytes) of the final program is important, and must be minimized.
The most intuitive metric is surely the first one. And indeed is also the one commonly implemented in the Compilers that are the most used out there.
When do Compilers Optimize?
We have studied the different steps of a Compilers in great depth before. They are, from the first to the last:
- Lexical Analysis.
- Parsing.
- Semantic Analysis.
- Optimization.
- Code Generation.
Thus, the Optimization module can work on the result of any of the other steps.
The first option is to optimize the parse-tree, that is the result of the Parsing step.
This approach has two consequences:
- Advantage. The parse-tree is an algorithmic abstraction. Therefore it’s a very general approach, not tied to any specific machine architecture.
- Disadvantage. For the same reason, the parse-tree is sometimes too generic. There are not many optimization tricks that can be applied to it.
The second option is to optimize the Assembly code, that is the result of the Code Generation step. No need to say, this is the deepest optimization level.
- Advantage.
- Disadvantage. Assembly code strongly depends on the machine architecture, so we’d have to reimplement the optimization module for each architecture.
I will speak in a moment about the trade-offs between complexity and gainings in Source Code Optimization, but for the moment it suffices to say that the disadvantage of performing optimization on Assembly code is such that nobody really does it.
The third option is to optimize an Intermediate Code. Let’s make a small digression to see what Intermediate Code is.
Intermediate Code
The concept of intermediate code, also known as intermediate language, simply refers to a language that is in between the source code and the target (final) language.
For example, the source language can be C and the target can be some mixed Assembly (Intel, MIPS, etc.).
The real question is - why would one need an Intermediate Language?
The reason is that the Intermediate Language (IL) creates yet one more level of abstraction, and practice has shown that it turns out to be a good thing!
In particular, the IL has:
- Many more details than the original source code.
- Some detail less than machine (Assembly) code.
For example, if the source is in Python then we have no way to express something about the machine’s register, and their allocation. But before going down to Assembly we might want to express this specific feature of the program in some intermediate language.
To get a more precise idea of what an Intermediate Language is, let’s create one.
Our Intermediate Language will have the following features:
- It can allocate registers, but assumes there’s an infinite number of them.
- It has control structures like Assembly.
- It has opcodes (
add
,mul
, etc.) like Assembly, plus some more higher level, such as push that translates into more than one Assembly instruction.
Furthermore, in this IL, every operation must have one of two forms:
x := y op z, or
x := op y
where y
, z
must be either constants or register names.
This Intermediate Language is called three-address code, because every instruction has at most 3 operands. In fact, it’s a well known form of IL, and widely used too.
As an example, consider the operation
x + y * z
How would that be translated in the IL?
t1 := y * z
t2 := x + t1
Remember that we can create as many temporary registers as we like (t1
, t2
, …). This is the most evident approximation respect to Assembly.
The important thing to know is that to generate intermediate code is not conceptually different from generating runnable code the way we already studied.
Thus, if you decide to use IL in your Compiler the sequence of steps would become:
- Lexical Analysis.
- Parsing.
- Semantic Analysis.
- Intermediate Code Generation (from the Parse-Tree).
- Intermediate Code optimization.
- Runnable code generation (from the Intermediate Code).
Thus, it’s easy to understand that an additional, nice to have feature of an Intermediate Language is that it’s easy to translate in Assembly.
Now, let’s get back to Optimization.
Where do Compilers Optimize?
Since Source Code Optimization is literally about modifying some parts of the source code, a natural question arises - can we do that no matter where in the original code?
One possibility is to optimize basic blocks of code.
A basic block of code is a sequence of instructions without any label, except possibly for the first line, and without any jump, except possibly for the last line.
The idea is that a basic block is a piece of code whose execution is completely predictable. There’s no entry point for other parts of the code (except for the first line, maybe), and there’s no exit point, except maybe for a final jump. Therefore, we know what’s going to happen there, and we can optimize its behavior.
Another option is to optimize control-flow graphs.
A control-flow graph is a directed graph that represents the execution of a single function. In such a graph:
- Nodes are basic blocks.
- There’s an edge between two nodes (basic blocks) A and B, if the execution can pass from the last execution of A to the first execution of B.
Another key point here is that the body of a method (or a procedure) can always be represented as a control-flow graph, where the “return” nodes are terminal. That’s why talking about control-flow graphs optimization makes sense.
The third possibility is to optimize procedures execution, taking into account that the execution can jump back and forth into each other. Clearly this is the most complex case.
In summary, there are three alternatives:
- Local Optimization. Applied to each basic block in isolation.
- Global Optimization. Applied to a control-flow graph (a whole function/method) in isolation.
- Inter-procedural Optimization. Applied across function boundaries.
It’s worth noting that most compilers do (1). Many do (2). But just a few do (3). The reason is not only that (1) is the least difficult to implement, but also because it’s where the gain is the highest.
This means that there’s often a conscious choice of not implementing fancy optimization techniques that are known in literature. Why?
- Some optimizations are complex to implement.
- Some are costly in compilation time.
- Some have low payoff.
- The fanciest techniques have all three problems!
This points out what is the real goal of optimization: Maximum benefit for minimum cost. This is the tread-off between benefit and costs.
What’s next
In this short article I simply wanted to give an overview of what optimization means in the context of Compilers. It’s actually the most involved step of all, in today’s Compilers, and also the most active from research point of view.
In one upcoming article in this course I will discuss more in detail a few techniques to perform optimization in the three cases we saw above.
References
Alex Aiken’s class Compilers at Stanford University. Available as free MOOC online.


{{ des }}
BSE declare concentrations Freshman Spring and AB declare concentrations Sophomore Spring. See what classes you should take to get on the right track to declaring a major.
Start a 2 Year PlanPrinceton offers 36 concentrations and 53 certificates. With Plan Princeton you can parallel plan and view sample schedules by filtering concentration and certificate.
View Sample SchedulesFront End Design
Class of 2020
B.S.E. Computer Science
Entrepreneurship, Statistics and Machine Learning
Front End Design
Class of 2019
B.S.E. Computer Science
Finance, Technology and Society
Back End Design
Class of 2019
A.B. Computer Science
Back End Design
Class of 2020
A.B. Computer Science


--- layout: default title: Project Stark ---
To implement Machine learning in an environment of Internet of Things to capture repeating patterns and use them for various purposes like automation, security and analytics.


The directory used by npm for globally installed npm modules.
Install with npm:
$ npm install --save global-modules
var dir = require('global-modules');
//=> '/usr/local/lib/node_modules' (depends on OS)
Pull requests and stars are always welcome. For bugs and feature requests, please create an issue.
(This document was generated by verb-generate-readme (a verb generator), please don't edit the readme directly. Any changes to the readme must be made in .verb.md.)
To generate the readme and API documentation with verb:
$ npm install -g verb verb-generate-readme && verb
Install dev dependencies:
$ npm install -d && npm test
Jon Schlinkert
Copyright © 2016, Jon Schlinkert. Released under the MIT license.
This file was generated by verb, v0.9.0, on July 26, 2016.


This project is two books I produced for JUNK BATTLE happening in April of 2018, as well as a brand and product I created. Here I ask the question, what can we do with all the trash we already have, and what can we do in the future to produce our waste production?
The first book, called "Becoming Aware," cronicles a week of all the waste I produced and includes my thoughts and illustrations of what I got out of the experience. I designed the book layout and in the spirit of waste reduction, all the paper is recycled as well as the covers.


It has been , , , since the last HelloInternet episode.
It has been , , , since a day after the last HelloInternet episode.
It has been , , , since a month after the last HelloInternet episode.
It has been , , , since the minimum episode time span after the last HelloInternet episode.
It has been , , , since the maximum time span after the last HelloInternet episode.
It has been , , , since the mean time span after the last HelloInternet episode.
It has been , , , since the median time span after the last HelloInternet episode.
It has been , , , since Brady's reddit post.
The anniversary of the last pre-Hi-atus episode , , , .


| Values |
| VOID |
reflecting the void type; denotes no type
|
| CHAR |
reflecting the 16-bit unicode character type
|
| BOOLEAN |
reflecting the boolean type; true and false
|
| BYTE |
reflecting the 8-bit ordinal type
|
| SHORT |
reflecting the signed 16-bit ordinal type
|
| UNSIGNED_SHORT |
reflecting the unsigned 16-bit ordinal type
|
| LONG |
reflecting the signed 32-bit ordinal type
|
| UNSIGNED_LONG |
reflecting the unsigned 32-bit type
|
| HYPER |
reflecting the signed 64-bit ordinal type
|
| UNSIGNED_HYPER |
reflecting the unsigned 64-bit ordinal type
|
| FLOAT |
reflecting the 32-bit floating point type
|
| DOUBLE |
reflecting the 64-bit floating point type
|
| STRING |
reflecting the string type; strings of unicode characters
|
| TYPE |
reflecting the meta type
|
| ANY |
reflecting the any type; anys can carry any UNO value except of any values
|
| ENUM |
reflecting enum types
|
| TYPEDEF |
reflecting typedefed types referencing other types
|
| STRUCT |
reflecting compound types
|
| UNION |
reflecting union types
|
| EXCEPTION |
reflecting exception types
|
| SEQUENCE |
reflecting sequence types
|
| ARRAY |
reflecting array types
|
| INTERFACE |
reflecting interface types
|
| SERVICE |
reflecting services
|
| MODULE |
reflecting modules
|
| INTERFACE_METHOD |
reflecting interface methods
|
| INTERFACE_ATTRIBUTE |
reflecting interface attributes
|
| UNKNOWN |
reflecting the unreflectable type
|
| PROPERTY |
reflecting properties
|
| CONSTANT |
reflecting constants
|
| CONSTANTS |
reflecting constants groups
|
| SINGLETON |
reflecting singletons
|
| Values' Details |
VOID
VOID,
- Description
- reflecting the void type; denotes no type
|
|
CHAR
CHAR,
- Description
- reflecting the 16-bit unicode character type
|
|
BOOLEAN
BOOLEAN,
- Description
- reflecting the boolean type; true and false
|
|
BYTE
BYTE,
- Description
- reflecting the 8-bit ordinal type
|
|
SHORT
SHORT,
- Description
- reflecting the signed 16-bit ordinal type
|
|
UNSIGNED_SHORT
UNSIGNED_SHORT,
- Description
- reflecting the unsigned 16-bit ordinal type
|
|
LONG
LONG,
- Description
- reflecting the signed 32-bit ordinal type
|
|
UNSIGNED_LONG
UNSIGNED_LONG,
- Description
- reflecting the unsigned 32-bit type
|
|
HYPER
HYPER,
- Description
- reflecting the signed 64-bit ordinal type
|
|
UNSIGNED_HYPER
UNSIGNED_HYPER,
- Description
- reflecting the unsigned 64-bit ordinal type
|
|
FLOAT
FLOAT,
- Description
- reflecting the 32-bit floating point type
|
|
DOUBLE
DOUBLE,
- Description
- reflecting the 64-bit floating point type
|
|
STRING
STRING,
- Description
- reflecting the string type; strings of unicode characters
|
|
TYPE
TYPE,
- Description
- reflecting the meta type
|
|
ANY
ANY,
- Description
- reflecting the any type; anys can carry any UNO value except of any values
|
|
ENUM
ENUM,
- Description
- reflecting enum types
|
|
TYPEDEF
TYPEDEF,
- Description
- reflecting typedefed types referencing other types
|
|
STRUCT
STRUCT,
- Description
- reflecting compound types
|
|
UNION
UNION,
- Description
- reflecting union types
|
|
EXCEPTION
EXCEPTION,
- Description
- reflecting exception types
|
|
SEQUENCE
SEQUENCE,
- Description
- reflecting sequence types
|
|
ARRAY
ARRAY,
- Description
- reflecting array types
|
|
INTERFACE
INTERFACE,
- Description
- reflecting interface types
|
|
SERVICE
SERVICE,
- Description
- reflecting services
|
|
MODULE
MODULE,
- Description
- reflecting modules
|
|
INTERFACE_METHOD
INTERFACE_METHOD,
- Description
- reflecting interface methods
|
|
INTERFACE_ATTRIBUTE
INTERFACE_ATTRIBUTE,
- Description
- reflecting interface attributes
|
|
UNKNOWN
UNKNOWN,
- Description
- reflecting the unreflectable type
|
|
PROPERTY
PROPERTY,
- Description
- reflecting properties
|
|
CONSTANT
CONSTANT,
- Description
- reflecting constants
|
|
CONSTANTS
CONSTANTS,
- Description
- reflecting constants groups
|
|
SINGLETON
SINGLETON,
- Description
- reflecting singletons
|
|
Copyright © 2013, The Apache Software Foundation, Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0. Apache, the Apache feather logo, Apache OpenOffice and OpenOffice.org are trademarks of The Apache Software Foundation. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.


Scans all directories and subdirectories of a path for code snippets, R scripts, R Markdown, PDF or text files containing a specific pattern. Files found can be copied to a new folder.
| Version: | 0.2.1 |
| Imports: | pdftools, stringr |
| Published: | 2018-03-13 |
| Author: | David Zumbach [aut, cre] |
| Maintainer: | David Zumbach <david.zumbach at gfzb.ch> |
| BugReports: | https://github.com/zumbov2/findR/issues |
| License: | GPL-3 |
| NeedsCompilation: | no |
| Materials: | NEWS |
| CRAN checks: | findR results |
| Reference manual: | findR.pdf |
| Package source: | findR_0.2.1.tar.gz |
| Windows binaries: | r-devel: findR_0.2.1.zip, r-release: findR_0.2.1.zip, r-oldrel: findR_0.2.1.zip |
| OS X binaries: | r-release: findR_0.2.1.tgz, r-oldrel: findR_0.2.1.tgz |
| Old sources: | findR archive |
Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=findR to link to this page.


This example shows how to use the GeoExt.ux.Measure actions in a toolbar
See measure.js for the source code.


Vehicle Details
- Registration Type Registered Vehicle Un-Registered Vehicle
- Registration No {{job_order.vehicle.registration_number}}
- Trade Plate Number {{job_order.trade_plate.trade_plate_number}}
- Vehicle Model {{job_order.vehicle.model.model_name}}
- Engine Number {{job_order.vehicle.engine_number}}
- Chassis / VIN Number {{job_order.vehicle.chassis_number}}
- Is Sold ? Yes No
- Sold Date {{job_order.vehicle.sold_date}}


WITNESS LIST State Affairs Committee May 12, 1999-2:00P SB 7 Committee Substitute (Wolens) For: Akers, Monte (Texas Municipal League) Caroll, Marianne (Tenaska) Palmer, Ray (New Energy Venture) Schaeffer, Steve (Reliant Energy & AECT) Segrest, Philip (Brazos Electric Power Cooperative, Inc.) Zion, Mark (TPPA) Against: Stapp, Jerry (Self and Big County Electric Coop) On: Wood, III, Pat (Public Utlility Commission of Texas)


Seventeen percent (17%) of the DB2 9 Fundamentals certification exam (Exam 730) is designed to test your knowledge of the different objects that are available with DB2 9 and to test your ability to create a DB2 9 database. The questions that make up this portion of the exam are intended to evaluate the following:
Your ability to identify and connect to DB2 servers and databases
Your ability to construct a DB2 9 database
Your ability to identify DB2 objects
Your knowledge of the basic characteristics and properties of DB2 objects
Your ability to identify the Data Definition Language (DDL) statements available with DB2 9
Your ability to identify the results produced when a DDL statement is executed
This chapter is designed to introduce you to instances and databases, to walk you through the database creation process, and to provide you with an overview of the various objects that can be developed once a database has been created.


MongoDB in Action
ISBN-13:<PHONE_NUMBER>870
ISBN-10:<PHONE_NUMBER>
Author: Kyle Banker
Edition: 1
Binding: Paperback
Publisher: Manning Publications
Published: December 2011
List Price: $44.99
Best Rental Prices |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| #1 |
Free shipping Ready to ship |
Notes |


public interface SpriteCache
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
int |
add(Sprite sprite)
Adds a
Sprite to the cache. |
int |
add(Texture texture,
float x,
float y)
Adds a
Texture to the cache |
int |
add(Texture texture,
float x,
float y,
int srcX,
int srcY,
int srcWidth,
int srcHeight)
Adds a region of a
Texture to the cache |
int |
add(Texture texture,
float x,
float y,
int srcX,
int srcY,
int srcWidth,
int srcHeight,
boolean flipX,
boolean flipY)
Adds a region of a
Texture to the cache |
int |
add(Texture texture,
float x,
float y,
int srcX,
int srcY,
int srcWidth,
int srcHeight,
float scaleX,
float scaleY,
boolean flipX,
boolean flipY)
Adds a transformed region of a
Texture to the cache |
int |
add(Texture texture,
float x,
float y,
int srcX,
int srcY,
int srcWidth,
int srcHeight,
float scaleX,
float scaleY,
float originX,
float originY,
float rotation,
boolean flipX,
boolean flipY)
Adds a transformed region of a
Texture to the cache |
int |
add(TextureRegion region,
float x,
float y)
Adds a
TextureRegion to the cache |
int |
add(TextureRegion region,
float x,
float y,
float scaleX,
float scaleY)
Adds a scaled
TextureRegion to the cache |
int |
add(TextureRegion region,
float x,
float y,
float scaleX,
float scaleY,
float originX,
float originY,
float rotation)
Adds a scaled
TextureRegion to the cache |
int |
add(TextureRegion region,
float x,
float y,
float scaleX,
float scaleY,
float originX,
float originY,
float rotation,
boolean flipX,
boolean flipY)
Adds a scaled
TextureRegion to the cache |
void |
beginCache()
Starts the definition of a new cache
|
void |
beginCache(int cacheID)
Starts the redefinition of an existing cache
|
void |
clear()
Invalidates all the caches and resets the SpriteCache.
|
void |
dispose()
Releases all the resources held by this SpriteCache.
|
void |
draw(Graphics g,
int cacheID)
Draws all the images defined in a SpriteCache to the screen.
|
void |
draw(Graphics g,
int cacheID,
int offset,
int length)
Draws a subset of the images defined in a SpriteCache to the screen.
|
int |
endCache()
Ends the definition of the current cache
|
Color |
getColor()
Indicates the
Color currently used to tint images when they are added to the SpriteCache |
Shader |
getCustomShader()
Indicates the custom
Shader used to draw images to the cache |
boolean |
isDrawing()
Indicates if
beginCache() has been called |
void |
setColor(Color tint)
Sets the
Color used to tint images when they are added to the SpriteCache |
void |
setColor(float r,
float g,
float b,
float a)
Sets the
Color used to tint images when they are added to the SpriteCache |
void |
setCustomShader(Shader shader)
Sets the custom
Shader used to draw images to the cache |
int add(Sprite sprite)
Sprite
to the cache.sprite
- The Sprite
to be added.int add(Texture texture, float x, float y)
Texture
to the cachetexture
- The texture to be addedx
- x position of the texturey
- y position of the textureint add(Texture texture, float x, float y, int srcX, int srcY, int srcWidth, int srcHeight)
Texture
to the cachetexture
- the texture to be addedx
- x position of the texturey
- y position of the texturesrcX
- x point in the texturesrcY
- y point in the texturesrcWidth
- width of the region to be drawnsrcHeight
- height of the region to be drawnint add(Texture texture, float x, float y, int srcX, int srcY, int srcWidth, int srcHeight, boolean flipX, boolean flipY)
Texture
to the cachetexture
- the texture to be addedx
- x position of the texturey
- y position of the texturesrcX
- x point in the texturesrcY
- y point in the texturesrcWidth
- width of the region to be drawnsrcHeight
- height of the region to be drawnflipX
- indication of whether the region should be drawn x-flippedflipY
- indication of whether the region should be drawn y-flippedint add(Texture texture, float x, float y, int srcX, int srcY, int srcWidth, int srcHeight, float scaleX, float scaleY, boolean flipX, boolean flipY)
Texture
to the cachetexture
- the texture to be addedx
- x position of the texturey
- y position of the texturesrcX
- x point in the texturesrcY
- y point in the texturesrcWidth
- width of the region to be drawnsrcHeight
- height of the region to be drawnscaleX
- scale of the texture in the x directionscaleY
- scale of the texture in the y directionflipX
- indication of whether the region should be drawn x-flippedflipY
- indication of whether the region should be drawn y-flippedint add(Texture texture, float x, float y, int srcX, int srcY, int srcWidth, int srcHeight, float scaleX, float scaleY, float originX, float originY, float rotation, boolean flipX, boolean flipY)
Texture
to the cachetexture
- the texture to be addedx
- x position of the texturey
- y position of the texturesrcX
- x point in the texturesrcY
- y point in the texturesrcWidth
- width of the region to be drawnsrcHeight
- height of the region to be drawnscaleX
- scale of the texture in the x directionscaleY
- scale of the texture in the y directionoriginX
- x position of the point around which the texture should be rotatedoriginY
- y position of the point around which the texture should be rotatedrotation
- rotation of the texture around the origin point (in degrees)flipX
- indication of whether the region should be drawn x-flippedflipY
- indication of whether the region should be drawn y-flippedint add(TextureRegion region, float x, float y)
TextureRegion
to the cacheregion
- the texture region to be addedx
- x position of the texture regiony
- y position of the texture regionint add(TextureRegion region, float x, float y, float scaleX, float scaleY)
TextureRegion
to the cacheregion
- the texture region to be addedx
- x position of the texture regiony
- y position of the texture regionscaleX
- scale of the texture region in the x directionscaleY
- scale of the texture region in the y directionint add(TextureRegion region, float x, float y, float scaleX, float scaleY, float originX, float originY, float rotation)
TextureRegion
to the cacheregion
- the texture region to be addedx
- x position of the texture regiony
- y position of the texture regionscaleX
- scale of the texture region in the x directionscaleY
- scale of the texture region in the y directionoriginX
- x position of the point around which the region should be rotatedoriginY
- y position of the point around which the region should be rotatedrotation
- rotation of the texture around the origin point (in degrees)int add(TextureRegion region, float x, float y, float scaleX, float scaleY, float originX, float originY, float rotation, boolean flipX, boolean flipY)
TextureRegion
to the cacheregion
- the texture region to be addedx
- x position of the texture regiony
- y position of the texture regionscaleX
- scale of the texture region in the x directionscaleY
- scale of the texture region in the y directionoriginX
- x position of the point around which the region should be rotatedoriginY
- y position of the point around which the region should be rotatedrotation
- rotation of the texture around the origin point (in degrees)flipX
- indication of whether the region should be drawn x-flippedflipY
- indication of whether the region should be drawn y-flippedvoid clear()
void dispose()
void draw(Graphics g, int cacheID)
g
- the current Graphics
contextcacheID
- ID of the SpriteCache containing the images to draw.void draw(Graphics g, int cacheID, int offset, int length)
g
- the current Graphics
contextcacheID
- ID of the SpriteCache containing the images to draw.offset
- The index of the first image to drawlength
- The number of the images to drawvoid beginCache()
void beginCache(int cacheID)
cacheID
- ID of the cache to be redefinedint endCache()
Color getColor()
Color
currently used to tint images when they are added to the SpriteCachevoid setColor(Color tint)
Color
used to tint images when they are added to the SpriteCachetint
- the new color to be used to tint images when they are added to the SpriteCachevoid setColor(float r, float g, float b, float a)
Color
used to tint images when they are added to the SpriteCacher
- The red value of the new color (0.0-1.0)g
- The green value of the new color (0.0-1.0)b
- The blue value of the new color (0.0-1.0)a
- The alpha value of the new color (0.0-1.0)Shader getCustomShader()
Shader
used to draw images to the cacheShader
used to draw images to the cachevoid setCustomShader(Shader shader)
Shader
used to draw images to the cacheshader
- the new custom Shader
used to draw images to the cacheboolean isDrawing()
beginCache()
has been called


Contact Us
Liberation12 Staff
Angela Holcomb
Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer
Angela's vision drives The Liberation12 Foundation's direction and development. Her passion is to enrich the lives of formerly-exploited people by providing the funds necessary to establish rehabilitation programs that empower trafficking survivors.
Utilizing her Master of Accountancy from Walsh College and experience at Baker Tilly Virchow Krause, LLP, as a not-for-profit auditor, Angela makes integral decisions to prepare for Liberation12's future. Angela believes in the organization's niche within the SE Michigan, anti-trafficking community.
Darren Holcomb
Co-Founder and General Advising Officer
Darren's heart for service has propelled The Liberation12 Foundation's growth from the earliest stages. His desire to help others speaks strongly to the heart Liberation12.
Applying his Bachelor of Science in Psychology, Darren's insight shapes the organization's philosophy and operating goals. Additionally, Darren's education addresses social entrepreneurship, and his experience observing successful not-for-profit organizations contributes greatly to the team's knowledge.
Maria Banou
Co-Founder and Chief Financial Officer
Maria's organizational skills and creative flair enhance The Liberation12 Foundation's forward momentum. Her bookkeeping experience at Hope House Detroit and auditing career at KPMG US, LLP, have prepared her for the organization's future needs.
Drawing on her Master of Accountancy from Wayne State, Maria collaborates with the team to implement strategies that ensure Liberation12's long-term success. Maria also volunteers as a girls club sponsor at Hope House Detroit.
Kelsey Bigler
General Advising Officer
Kelsey's analytical abilities influence The Liberation12 Foundation's decision-making and direction. Her foresight establishes frameworks for the organization's goal-setting objectives.
Kelsey's experience with photography, sewing, and various creative endeavors has contributed to the social enterprise segment of the organization. Kelsey holds a Bachelor of Exercise Science from Anderson University.


apama.analyticsbuilder
Event RequestForwarding
Request forwarding of an event type to workers.
-
Routes:
-
apama.analyticsbuilder.RequestForwarding -
| Action summary |
void | static byKey(any evt, string field)
Request forwarding of an event type partitioned by the specified key field to workers. |
void | static unpartitioned(any evt)
Request forwarding of an event type to workers, without any partitioning. |
byKey
void static byKey(any evt, string field)
Request forwarding of an event type partitioned by the specified key field to workers.
Must be called in the main context (that is, from a $validate call).
-
Parameters:
-
evt - An instance of the event to forward.
-
field - The name of the field to partition by.
-
Routes:
-
apama.analyticsbuilder.RequestForwarding -
unpartitioned
void static unpartitioned(any evt)
Request forwarding of an event type to workers, without any partitioning.
Must be called in the main context (that is, from a $validate call).
-
Parameters:
-
evt - A prototype of the event to forward.
-
Routes:
-
apama.analyticsbuilder.RequestForwarding -


Deployments
The following lists the provisioned Neo4j deployments.
Provisioned Deployments
| Id | Version | HTTP | HTTPS | Bolt | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| @Current.Id | @Current.Version.VersionNumber | @Current.Endpoints.HttpEndpoint | @Current.Endpoints.HttpsEndpoint | @Current.Endpoints.BoltEndpoint | @Current.Status |


{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}
Medieval catalogues > AUGUSTINIAN CANONS > Bristol > Leland, c. 1536-40
{% endif %}2 identified entries found.
All data was derived from the List of Identifications by Professor Richard Sharpe.
{% if not printing %}
A key to codes used in the List is available (opens in new tab).{% endif %}


This dialog allows to adjust the way software interacts with other Aist-NT software. It allows to choose network interface (or all interfaces at once) and port for listening to incoming connections. "Listen for incoming connections" check box allows to turn on or off the ability of the software to be controlled externally.


>
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Premium Features
Looks Great on Every Device
Many Variants of Page Templates
Blog Template
Tons of Reusable Elements
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Count To Animation
Responsive Pricing Tables
with Count To Animation
Responsive Image / Video Lightbox
Functional Ajax Contact Form
and many more...


Do that Python thing - without the servers!
Add a watermark to a picture that was uploaded in your app
Created by Rich Jones (github/miserlou)
Serverless Python Web Services - Powered by AWS Lambda and API Gateway
*Web Server Gateway Interface
The name that cloud providers give to Microservices
The name that cloud providers give to Microservices
Think Functions!
| Cloud Provider | Service Name |
|---|---|
| AWS | Lambda |
| Microsoft Azure | Functions |
| Cloud Functions |
Handler function
def my_handler(event, context):
return "response!"
Converts HTML into Lambda event/context objects
Handler function
def my_handler(event, context):
return "response!"
PEP 333 (WSGI) !!!
def wsgi_function(environ, start_response):
return "response!"
Converts lambda event/context into WSGI
Supports all python WSGI frameworks
Can create all the AWS permissions/roles/buckets for you
zappa init
Understand what this step does
Manage your deployments
zappa deploy
zappa update
Understand what is going on inside your app
zappa status
zappa tail
Configure Events
"events": [
{ // Recurring events
"function": "your_module.your_recurring_function", // The function to execute
"expression": "rate(1 minute)" // When to execute it (in cron or rate format)
},
{ // AWS Reactive events
"function": "your_module.your_reactive_function", // The function to execute
"event_source": {
"arn": "arn:aws:s3:::my-bucket", // The ARN of this event source
"events": [
"s3:ObjectCreated:*" // The specific event to execute in response to.
]
}
}
]
Environment variables in zappa config, S3 or KMS
Certificate management
Django management commands
Leverages writing python apps on AWS Lambda
AWS is cheap - specially for small apps
Default options are permissive security wise
Serverless = Stateless
you still need to store your data somewhere


New Headset Lets You Touch, Hold and Manipulate 3D Models 16 Nov 2019, 11:48 Microsoft is bringing holograms to the office. The company recently started shipping its 2nd version of HoloLens, a headset that allows users to touch and interact with 3D holograms in everyday settings. out.


2048
Join the numbers and get to the 2048 tile!
New GameHow to play: Use your arrow keys to move the tiles. When two tiles with the same number touch, they merge into one!
Hi, My name is Kim ji hui and 22 years old. I'm University Student and studying programing in school.My Hobby is reading books ,watching movie and listening music.I like mostly calm things. for example, i like Indie music and Romance movie and a calm novel. My favorite movies are Little Forrest and About Time. And I like animals. Puppies, cats, Quokka, rabbits and so on ... I love many animals. It's so cute ㅠㅠ.
I want to work as a programmer in the future. So I'm learning various programming techniques. One thing I want to do in other areas is to create clothes by establishing friends and designer brands. I will definitely try it later.
Join the numbers and get to the 2048 tile!
New GameHow to play: Use your arrow keys to move the tiles. When two tiles with the same number touch, they merge into one!


---
layout: post
title: Fresh setup of Jasper Reports from scratch - For beginners
date: 2015-01-12 12:38:00.000000000 +05:30
categories: []
tags:
- beginners
- installation
- Jasper Server
- jaspersoft
- tutorial
status: publish
type: post
published: true
meta:
blogger_bid: '2279754227642197645'
blogger_blog: ankurthetechie.blogspot.com
blogger_id: '137902766484209600'
blogger_author: g116451164261752827176
blogger_comments: '2'
blogger_permalink: /2015/01/fresh-setup-of-jasper-reports-from.html
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author:
login: admin@reportlingo
email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>display_name: admin@reportlingo
first_name: Ankur
last_name: Gupta
excerpt: !ruby/object:Hpricot::Doc
options: {}
---
I have been thinking to compile a document which outlines the complete process of installation and setup of the connection because generally when one starts they do not find much of material and they tend to get stuck on a trivial issue.
So the post will have two portions, namely Installation and Setup.
Installation
This document will apprise you with the basic installation software, which would act as a prerequisite to run Jasper Report.
- Java –
As Jasper Reports is built on Java platform, so a proper installation of Java Development kit (jdk) is required. For official steps to install java one can refer to the link
https://www.java.com/en/download/help/windows_manual_download.xml
- iReport Designer –
This is a third party Jasper Report designing software. iReport is the most popular visual designer tool for JasperReports Library and JasperReports Server (Business Intelligence).
The software can be downloaded in an exe run able format for windows machine, or other types of files as per the platform demands.
http://community.jaspersoft.com/project/ireport-designer/releases
- Jasper Server –
This is the software which acts as the interface which provides web touch to the reports rather makes it interactive in terms of external links and the drill downs
Below is the link from where the file could be downloaded.
http://community.jaspersoft.com/project/jasperreports-server/releases
- Database Server -
The database server or the datasource which serves the purpose of feeding data to the report, in this projects case the setup was in the SQL Server 2008, which could vary from project to project .
- Netbeans(Optional) –
Netbeans is the development environment where in you could create sciptlets for customization purposes in the Jasper Reports. You could even go on to make customizations on the charts, where in you could use the
https://netbeans.org/downloads/ (Download the SE version)
Setup and Connection
Below are the steps for the setup, which would act as a prerequisite to run Jasper Report.
- Java –
Download and install java 7, please do mind not to install Java 8 as it is yet not supported by iReport.
- iReport Designer –
After installing the iReport, first thing you need to do is that the inclusion of java connector
Below is the process to include the Java Connector
i. Download the Java connector for the Datasource, as we have the SQL Server datasource we need to download
http://www.java2s.com/Code/Jar/s/Downloadsqljdbc120jar.htm
For more info on the Connector follow the link -- https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19501-01/819-3658/gcfoy/index.html
ii. Navigate to Tools—> Options Classpath
And select the Add JAR, and then browse to the downloaded path of the connector
Now we need to add a JDBC datasource
i. Click on the icon shown below on the top of the iReport window
-
ii. In the popup select New Select The Datasource type as Database JDBC Connection
iii. Now Enter the name of the connection, select the SQL Server driver and enter the name of the database in the url of the database, also key in your credentials, refer to the screenshot below
iv. Now test the connection, it will say the connection successful.
We are now ready to create reports.
- Jasper Server –
After installation in order to run Jasper Server open the browser and key in
localhost:8080/jasperserver
Then login using the credentials jasperadmin/jasperadmin
Then setup the connection, righ click on the node and add a datasource
Enter the details below, for the connector and setup the datasource.
The above steps are pretty basic and gives a fair idea as to what all basic necessities are there to process the installation and setup.


| HAIR CUT | |
|---|---|
| HAIR CUT | 400 |
| ADVANCE HAIR CUT | 500 |
| KIDS HAIR CUT | 250 |
| HAIR WASH | 200 |
| SHAVING & TRIMMING | |
| SHAVING | 200 |
| BEARD TRIMMING | 200 |
| BEARD TRIMMING DESIGNING | 200 |
| DRY HEAD MASSAGE | 200 |
| HEAD MASSAGE WITH OIL + STEAM | 400 |
| HAIR COLOUR | MAJIREL | INOA |
|---|---|---|
| HIGHLIGHTING | 200+ | 200+ |
| FULL COLOUR | 500+ | 700+ |
| FASHIONABLE HAIR SHADES | 250+ | |
| HAIR THERAPY | LOREAL | |
| SPA | 500+ | |
| SMOOTHNING | 1000+ | |
| STRAIGHTENING | 1500+ | |
| REBONDING | 1200+ |
| HAIR TREATMENT | |
|---|---|
| ANTI DANDRUFF | 500+ |
| DRY & DAMAGE HAIR | 500+ |
| POWER DOSE | 500+ |
| DEEP CONDITIONING | 500+ |
| HAIR CUT | |
|---|---|
| HAIR CUT | 500 |
| ADVANCE HAIR CUT | 700 |
| HAIR TREATMENT | |
| ANTI DANDRUFF | 500+ |
| DEEP CONDITIONING | 700+ |
| POWER DOSE | 1200+ |
| SMART BOND | 2500+ |
| LIPIDIUM | 1200+ |
| HAIR WASH | |
| HAIR WASH | 200 |
| SHAMPOO+CONDITIONER + BLOW DRY | 300 |
| DRY HEAD MASSAGE | 150 |
| HEAD MASSAGE WITH OIL + STEAM | 400 |
| HAIR SPA | |
| LOREAL | 700+ |
| HAIR COLOUR | MAJIREL | INOA |
|---|---|---|
| HIGHLIGHTING | 1500+ | 1700+ |
| FULL | 1800+ | 2500+ |
| HIGHLIGHT | 200+ | 200+ |
| FUNKY HAIR COLOUR | 300+ | |
| HAIR THERAPY | LOREAL | |
| SMOOTHNING | 3500+ | |
| STRAIGHTENING | 4000+ | |
| REBONDING | 2500+ |
| BASIC | |
|---|---|
| ALOVERA | 700 |
| FRUIT / PAPAYA / WHITEHING | 800 |
| PEARL | 900 |
| CHERYLS | |
| CLARI GLOW / OXY BLAST / VITA LIFT | 1100 |
| TAN CLEAR / GLO VITE / SENSE GLOW | 1100 |
| O2C2 | 2500 |
| OZONE | |
| OPR XPRESS WHITE | 800 |
| WHITENING | 800 |
| YOUTH RESTORING | 1000 |
| ORGANIC - VEDIC LINE | |
| PAPAYA & LIME | 1200 |
| ONGLOW FACIAL | 1200 |
| ALPHA WHITENING | 1300 |
| FRUIT TROPICANA | 1400 |
| PEARL PISHTHI | 1400 |
| GOLD OJAS | 1400 |
| NEEM BRAHMI (ACNE) | 1500 |
| ACTIVE CHARCOAL (OPEN PORED SKIN) | 1500 |
| MOROCCAN ARGAN | 1500 |
| DIAMOND TEJAS | 1600 |
| BIO WHITE | 1700 |
| BODY POLISHING | |
| CHOCOLATE SPA FOR SKIN & BODY CARE | 3500 |
| GOLD OJAS | 4500 |
| MANICURE | |
|---|---|
| BASIC | 500 |
| CLASSIC | 700 |
| PEDICURE | |
| BASIC | 500 |
| CLASSIC | 700 |
| VEDIC LINE | |
| MANICURE | 1000 |
| PEDICURE | 1000 |
| OZONE | |
| MANICURE | 1000 |
| PEDICURE | 1000 |
| NAILS | |
| NAIL PAINT | 100 |
| BASIC CLEANUP | |
|---|---|
| FRUIT | 500 |
| PAPAYA | 500 |
| PEARL | 600 |
| BLEACH | |
| OZONE | 400+ |
| VEDIC LINE | 400+ |
| NATURE | 300+ |
| MANGO | 200+ |
| D TAN | |
| VEDIC LINE | 400+ |
| OZONE | 400+ |
| HONEY WAX | |
|---|---|
| FULL HAND | 150 |
| FULL LEG / HALF LEG | 300 / 150 |
| UNDER ARMS | 50 |
| FULL BODY WAXING | 1000 |
| D-TAN WAXING | |
| FULL HAND | 300 |
| FULL LEG / HALF LEG | 400 / 200 |
| UNDER ARMS | 50 |
| FULL BODY WAXING | 1500 |
| RICA WAX | |
| FULL HAND | 400 |
| FULL LEG / HALF LEG | 600 / 300 |
| UNDER ARMS | 150 |
| FULL BODY WAXING | 2000 |
| FACE WAXING HONEY | |
| FACE WAX | 50 |
| CHIN WAX | 50 |
| UPEER LIPS | 30 |
| FACE WAXING RICA | |
| FACE WAX | 80 |
| CHIN WAX | 80 |
| UPEER LIPS | 50 |
| THERADING | |
|---|---|
| EYEBROW | 50 |
| UPPER LIP | 20 |
| CHIN | 20 |
| FOREHEAD | 20 |
| FULL FACE | 200 |
| MAKEUP | |
|---|---|
| PARTY MAKEUP | 1200+ |
| ENGAGEMENT MAKE UP | 1500+ |
| BRIDAL MAKE UP | 3500+ |
| SAREE DRAPING | 200 |
| HAIR STYLE | 300 |


public class GameServer
extends java.lang.Thread
| Modifier and Type | Field and Description |
|---|---|
static int |
DEFAULT_PORT
Default port for client and server.
|
static int |
ID_PREFIX
Used for generating unique player IDs.
|
static int |
MAX_PLAYERS
The maximum amount of players allowed to connect to the server.
|
static int |
MIN_PLAYERS
The minimum amount of players required to play the game.
|
| Constructor and Description |
|---|
GameServer(StealthGame game,
int numOfPlayers)
Creates a new server that clients can connect to.
|
| Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
|---|---|
void |
addConnection(PlayerMP player,
Packet00Login packet)
Add a player that is trying to login to the server.
|
java.lang.String |
getIPAddress()
Get IP address so clients can connect to it.
|
PlayerMP |
getPlayerMP(int id)
Deprecated.
|
PlayerMP |
getPlayerMP(java.lang.String username)
Gets a player given a user name.
|
void |
removeConnection(Packet01Disconnect packet)
Remove a player from the server and all of the clients.
|
void |
run()
Run the server
|
void |
sendData(byte[] data,
java.net.InetAddress ipAddress,
int port)
Send data to a specific client
|
void |
sendDataToAllClients(byte[] data)
Send data to all clients on the server
|
activeCount, checkAccess, countStackFrames, currentThread, destroy, dumpStack, enumerate, getAllStackTraces, getContextClassLoader, getDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler, getId, getName, getPriority, getStackTrace, getState, getThreadGroup, getUncaughtExceptionHandler, holdsLock, interrupt, interrupted, isAlive, isDaemon, isInterrupted, join, join, join, resume, setContextClassLoader, setDaemon, setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler, setName, setPriority, setUncaughtExceptionHandler, sleep, sleep, start, stop, stop, suspend, toString, yield
public static final int MIN_PLAYERS
public static final int MAX_PLAYERS
public static final int ID_PREFIX
public static final int DEFAULT_PORT
public GameServer(StealthGame game, int numOfPlayers)
game
- - reference to the host's gamenumOfPlayers
- - number of players required to run the gamepublic void run()
run
in interface java.lang.Runnable
run
in class java.lang.Thread
public void addConnection(PlayerMP player, Packet00Login packet)
player
- - player trying to connectpacket
- - login packet that the player sentpublic void removeConnection(Packet01Disconnect packet)
packet
- - disconnect packet to be sent.public PlayerMP getPlayerMP(java.lang.String username)
username
- - username of player@Deprecated public PlayerMP getPlayerMP(int id)
id
- - ID of playerpublic void sendData(byte[] data, java.net.InetAddress ipAddress, int port)
data
- - message to be sentipAddress
- - IP address of clientport
- - port of clientpublic void sendDataToAllClients(byte[] data)
data
- - message to be sentpublic java.lang.String getIPAddress()


BB raises home-loan limit to Tk 20m
by bdnews24.comBangladesh Bank has raised the maximum limit for home loans to Tk 20 million from Tk 12 million due to rising apartment prices and the purchasing capacity of people.
The central bank on Tuesday wrote to the commercial banks to follow the order.
The Association of Bankers Bangladesh demanded that the central bank increase the home-loan limit in a meeting on Nov 7.
Tuesday’s circular was issued in light of the demand, BB Deputy General Manager AKM Ahsan said.
The circular says the central bank considered the rise in prices of building materials, size of higher middleclass population, and demand for housing.
The loan to capital ratio has been kept at 70:30, which means a bank can finance up to Tk 7 million in a Tk 10 million flat.


My Dating Website
Profile
Email
{{ @errors['email'] }}
State
{{@current}}
Seeking
Male
Female
Biography
Next >


Node, React, Passport
Links
- Our Github page with React frontend, Node backend.
Introduction
We want to build a basic example that demonstrate the use of the following technologies:
- React for frontend.
- Node-Express for backend.
- Axios for ajax (instead of jquery).
- Passport-local for authentication.
- Postgres (instead of Mongo) for potential big joins.
- Tape, Supertest for backend unit tests.
On top of that, we use some smaller convenient libraries. For frontend, we use:
- React-Toastr for convenient display of messages.
- Bootstrap for simple styling.
- React-confirm-alert for confirm dialog in React.
For backend, we use:
- Underscore for lots of nice utilities.
- Crypto for hashing salt + password.
- Continuation-local-storage for passing req, rsp globally.


Please fill out with the information that is requested below carefully, taking special care of case-sensitivity. Thank you!


There are 945 members from Barangay Magsikap . If each member contributed 35 packs of noodles for the victims of typhoon Glenda , how many packs of noodles were collected ?
How do we solve the problem ? To solve the problem you need to multiply 945 by 35. The number sentence is 35 x 945 = N
a. Using the place value method
b. Using the lattice method draw a 3 by 2 rectangle and position the factors as shown below :
Multiply each digit above by each digit oc the side. Write the digit’s products as shown.
Add down the numbers along the diagonals. Regroup if necessary.
The answer, read counter clockwise, is 33 075.


REVISED, BASED ON SEC DCWG (3/27/03)
1. The Principal Investigators (PI) shall, in a timely manner, make available to the science data user community (Users) data and access methods to reach the scientifically useful data and provide analysis tools equivalent to the level that the PI uses.
2. The Principal Investigators (PI) shall make available appropriate data products to the public that assist the PIÕs EPO responsibilities.
3. The PI shall assure all scientifically important data are archived to ensure long-term accessibility of the data and their correct and independent usability.
4. The PI shall inform Users of updates to processing software and calibrations via metadata and other appropriate documentation.
5. Users should consult with the PI to ensure that the Users are accessing the most recent available versions of the data and analysis routines.
6. Browse products are not intended for science analysis or publication and should not be used for those purposes without consent of the PI.
7. Users should acknowledge the sources of data used in all publications, presentations, and reports.
8. Users should transmit to the PI a copy of each manuscript that uses the PIÕs data upon submission of that manuscript for consideration of publication. On publication the citation should be transmitted to the PI and any other providers of data.
9. Users are encouraged to make tools of general utility and/or value added data products widely available to the community. Users are encouraged to notify the PI of such utilities or products. The User should also clearly label the product as being different from the original PI-produced data product.
10. The editors of scientific journals should avail themselves of the expertise of the PI while a data set is still unfamiliar to the community, and when it is uncertain whether authors have employed the most up-to-date data and calibrations.
It is becoming increasingly necessary to study the Sun and Earth as an interconnected system. Thus the NASA SEC Theme seeks to provide data to a broad community of users who will combine data sets from a variety of sources to obtain a better understanding of Sun-Earth interactions. An Open Data policy with adequate documentation of data and data access and analysis tools is necessary for such an effort. With this in mind, the SEC mission data will be treated as a public resource and will be made available with documentation for public access as soon as is practicable.
Under SECÕs Open Data policy, NASA SEC-funded Principal Investigators (PI) on flight missions will provide access to the highest quality data needed for research and the most recent versions of calibration parameters, processing software, metadata, and documentation, with minimal delay for the scientific community. The precise description of the data products and the acceptable delay are specified by a Project Data Management Plan (PDMP), which is negotiated between NASA and the PI. The PI is the responsible individual; the PI may designate, by mutual agreement, other persons or organizations to provide various data functions.
There is no contractual relation between PIs and science data users, but given the transition to an Open Data policy, it seems appropriate to try to identify Rules of the Road for the distribution and use of SEC data. The SEC Data Rules of the Road define, during the life of a mission, the mutual obligations of a funded PI and the science user community (Users), with respect to instrument data distribution and use. Cooperative relationships among PIs and users will maximize the scientific productivity of individuals and the community, and make opportunities for future mission data a reality.
The Rules are based on past experience. PIs on existing missions and present Users already follow many of the Rules. However, professional scientists are not the only users of PI data. Amateur scientists, educators, and the general public all find value in the products of NASA missions. The SEC example can help them to join NASAÕs enterprise in the same spirit of cooperation.
The Rules are intended to apply to future missions. There may be financial or contractual constraints that prevent the retroactive implementation of all of the Rules to previous datasets. By setting them out as an example now, the community can include them in planning of future activities.
Rules of the Road will evolve
The Rules listed here are a prototype and will be modified as PIs and Users learn how to interact in an Open Data environment. Since SEC-funded PIs and Users form only part of the larger Sun-Earth scientific community, the success of these rules depends on the courteous and ethical behavior of that community. We encourage Sun-Earth connection data providers and users funded by other agencies and other nations to adopt open data policies and rules, within limitations imposed by funding levels and the requirements of those agencies. The interplay of this larger community will evolve the best Rules possible.
1. The Principal Investigators (PI) shall, in a timely
manner, make available to the science data user community (Users) data and
access methods to reach the scientifically useful data and provide analysis
tools equivalent to the level that the PI uses.
Modern computer systems have evolved to a sufficient level that it is now possible to provide Òon demandÓ access to high level data. Wherever possible the PI should provide access to the data and analysis tools, and the PI is strongly encouraged to provide access to those tools that add value to the data, such as time series displays, spectrogram generation, etc. These tools should closely follow the tools used by the PI, as the active use by the PI ensures that the access for Users is functional and effective.
There is no implication that Users must have direct access to the computer systems for mission operations or software development. Data management and distribution are separate functions from those tasks.
2. The Principal Investigators (PI) shall make available
appropriate data products to the public that assist the PIÕs EPO
responsibilities.
The EPO component of any mission is a vital part of the effort, and the PI should provide data that assist the EPO effort. In doing so it should be recognized that the data used for EPO is not the same as that used for data analysis by the scientific community.
3. The PI shall assure all scientifically important data
are archived to ensure long-term accessibility of the data and their correct
and independent usability.
Submittal of the mission data to an archive such as the NSSDC is required as part of the mission. This archive should include all the necessary documentation to ensure that the data can in principle be regenerated independently from the system architecture used to initially generate the mission data products. It is not, however, the responsibility of the PI to provide architecture independent analysis or data reduction software.
4. The PI shall inform Users of updates to processing
software and calibrations via metadata and other appropriate documentation.
Different disciplines within SEC have different protocols for updates to data processing. Some use strict version control, with new versions of software and data products released in blocks at intervals. Other disciplines release new versions of individual tools as they are completed, and data products are generated on demand using the most current versions of software tools available. Whatever the protocol, a User must be able to identify the status of software and processed data. The PI should provide access to documentation that allows Users to determine the calibration and processing history, but since a PI does not necessarily know the identity of all Users accessing the data, it is not the PIÕs responsibility to actively notify Users of changes in calibration or processing software.
5. Users should consult with the PI to ensure that the
Users are accessing the most recent available versions of the data and analysis
routines.
Even the best documentation can be misinterpreted. Furthermore, while the PI is responsible for providing access to documentation (#4 above), it is the Users responsibility to verify that they are using the most recent version of the data. Consultation ensures that Users do not waste effort and that the quality of the PIÕs data is not erroneously questioned.
6. Browse products are not intended for science analysis or publication and should not be used for those purposes without consent of the PI.
Operations planning, education, and public outreach all drive the desire for rapid availability of browse products. Science analysis should be based on the properly reduced underlying science grade data.
7. Users should acknowledge the sources of data used in
all publications, presentations, and reports.
The use of data from PI investigations for the communityÕs science is an important measure of the value of the investigations and of the PIÕs commitment to supporting the community. Acknowledging the data sources helps to ensure continued access to the data, and also gives credit where credit is due.
8. Users should transmit to the PI a copy of each
manuscript that uses the PIÕs data upon submission of that manuscript for
consideration of publication. On publication the citation should be transmitted
to the PI and any other providers of data.
Continued funding for mission operations, data reduction, and data distribution depends on the use of PI data by the community. It is less costly to assemble a record of use if the Users send manuscripts to the PIs than for the PIs to search the literature. Published abstracts and conference proceedings should be included; they track how rapidly and widely data becomes integrated into the communityÕs science perspective. The simultaneous transmission to publisher and PI gives the PI the opportunity to notify the User of misunderstandings about the data that may affect the manuscript without an implication of prior approval.
9. Users are encouraged to make tools of general utility
and/or value added data products widely available to the community. Users are
encouraged to notify the PI of such utilities or products. The User should also
clearly label the product as being different from the original PI-produced data
product.
Users can make a valuable contribution to the ability of the community to combine and analyze data sets. Community based open source software libraries should also be encouraged.
A key benefit of the Open Data policy is that the community will find creative products using mission data. The Users who benefit from the Open Data policy then have a corresponding obligation to share those products.
10. The editors of scientific journals should avail
themselves of the expertise of the PI while a data set is still unfamiliar to
the community, and when it is uncertain whether authors have employed the most
up-to-date data and calibrations.
Most journals allow editors wide latitude in how to handle manuscripts. The journal editors should therefore make use of the expertise provided by the PI, especially when new data sets appear for which the community has relatively little familiarity. Clearly any correspondence between editor and PI follows the usual rules for privileged communication that apply while a paper is in the review process, and further such correspondence should not be viewed as a right to refuse publication on the part of the PI. That decision falls to the editor.


--- layout: post title: "Types + Properties = Software: properties for the Forties" description: "An example of how to constrain generated input with FsCheck." date: 2016-02-15 09:08 UTC tags: [Unit Testing, F#, FsCheck] --- {% include JB/setup %}
{{ page.description }}
This article is the fourth in a series of articles that demonstrate how to develop software using types and properties. In the previous article, you saw how to express properties for a simple state transition: finding the next tennis score when the current score is advantage to a player. These properties were simple, because they had to hold for all input of the given type (Player). In this article, you'll see how to constrain the input that FsCheck generates, in order to express properties about tennis scores where one of the players have forty points.
The source code for this article series is available on GitHub.
When one of the players have forty points, there are three possible outcomes of the next ball:
You may recall that when one of the players have forty points, you express that score with the FortyData record type:
type FortyData = { Player : Player; OtherPlayerPoint : Point }
Since Point is defined as Love | Fifteen | Thirty
, it's clear that the Player who has forty points has a higher score than the other player - regardless of the OtherPlayerPoint value. This means that if that player wins, (s)he wins the game. It's easy to express that property with FsCheck:
[<Property>] let ``Given player: 40 when player wins then score is correct`` (current : FortyData) = let actual = scoreWhenForty current current.Player let expected = Game current.Player expected =! actual
Notice that this test function takes a single function argument called current
, of the type FortyData. Since illegal states are unrepresentable, FsCheck can only generate legal values of that type.
The scoreWhenForty function is a function that explicitly models what happens when the score is in the Forty case. The first argument is the data associated with the current score: current
. The second argument is the winner of the next ball. In this test case, you want to express the case where the winner is the player who already has forty points: current.Player
.
The expected outcome of this is always that current.Player
wins the game.
The =!
operator is a custom operator defined by Unquote, an assertion library. You can read the expression as expected must equal actual.
In order to pass this property, you must implement a scoreWhenForty function. This is the simplest implementation that could possible work:
let scoreWhenForty current winner = Game winner
While this passes all tests, it's obviously not a complete implementation.
Another outcome of a Forty score is that if the other player has thirty points, and wins the ball, the new score is deuce. Expressing this as a property is only slightly more involved:
[<Property>] let ``Given player: 40 - other: 30 when other wins then score is correct`` (current : FortyData) = let current = { current with OtherPlayerPoint = Thirty } let actual = scoreWhenForty current (other current.Player) Deuce =! actual
In this test case, the other player specifically has thirty points. There's no variability involved, so you can simply set OtherPlayerPoint to Thirty.
Notice that instead of creating a new FortyData value from scratch, this property takes current
(which is generated by FsCheck) and uses a copy-and-update expression to explicitly bind OtherPlayerPoint to Thirty. This ensures that all other values of current
can vary, but OtherPlayerPoint is fixed.
The first line of code shadows the current
argument by binding the result of the copy-and-update expression to a new value, also called current
. Shadowing means that the original current
argument is no longer available in the rest of the scope. This is exactly what you want, because the function argument isn't guaranteed to model the test case where the other player has forty points. Instead, it can be any FortyData value. You can think of the argument provided by FsCheck as a seed used to arrange the Test Fixture.
The property proceeds to invoke the scoreWhenForty function with the current score, and indicating that the other
player wins the ball. You saw the other
function in the previous article, but it's so small that it can be repeated here without taking up much space:
let other = function PlayerOne -> PlayerTwo | PlayerTwo -> PlayerOne
Finally, the property asserts that deuce must equal actual. In other words, the expected result is deuce.
This property fails until you fix the implementation:
let scoreWhenForty current winner = if current.Player = winner then Game winner else Deuce
This is a step in the right direction, but still not the complete implementation. If the other player has only love or fifteen points, and wins the ball, the new score shouldn't be deuce.
The last test case is where it gets interesting. The situation you need to test is that one of the players has forty points, and the other player has either love or fifteen points. This feels like the previous case, but has more variable parts. In the previous test case (above), the other player always had thirty points, but in this test case, the other player's points can vary within a constrained range.
Perhaps you've noticed that so far, you haven't seen any examples of using FsCheck's API. Until now, we've been able to express properties from values generated by FsCheck without constraints. This is no longer possible, but fortunately, FsCheck comes with an excellent API that enables you to configure it. Here, you'll see how to configure it to create values from a proper subset of all possible values:
[<Property>] let ``Given player: 40 - other: < 30 when other wins then score is correct`` (current : FortyData) = let opp = Gen.elements [Love; Fifteen] |> Arb.fromGen Prop.forAll opp (fun otherPlayerPoint -> let current = { current with OtherPlayerPoint = otherPlayerPoint } let actual = scoreWhenForty current (other current.Player) let expected = incrementPoint current.OtherPlayerPoint |> Option.map (fun np -> { current with OtherPlayerPoint = np }) |> Option.map Forty expected =! Some actual)
That's only nine lines of code, and some of it is similar to the previous property you saw (above). Still, F# code can have a high degree of information density, so I'll walk you through it.
FsCheck's API is centred around Generators and Arbitraries. Ultimately, when you need to configure FsCheck, you'll need to define an Arbitrary<'a>, but you'll often use a Gen<'a> value to do that. In this test case, you need to tell FsCheck to use only the values Love and Fifteen when generating Point values.
This is done in the first line of code. Gen.elements
creates a Generator that creates random values by drawing from a sequence of possible values. Here, we pass it a list of two values: Love and Fifteen. Because both of these values are of the type Point, the result is a value of the type Gen<Point>. This Generator is piped to Arb.fromGen, which turns it into an Arbitrary (for now, you don't have to worry about exactly what that means). Thus, opp
is a value of type Arbitrary<Point>.
You can now take that Arbitrary and state that, for all values created by it, a particular property must hold. This is what Prop.forAll does. The first argument passed is opp
, and the second argument is a function that expresses the property. When the test runs, FsCheck call this function 100 times (by default), each time passing a random value generated by opp
.
The next couple of lines are similar to code you've seen before. As in the case where the other player had thirty points, you can shadow the current
argument with a new value where the other player's points is set to a value drawn from opp
; that is, Love or Fifteen.
Notice how the original current
value comes from an argument to the containing test function, whereas otherPlayerPoint
comes from the opp
Arbitrary. FsCheck is smart enough to enable this combination, so you still get the variation implied by combining these two sources of random data.
The actual
value is bound to the result of calling scoreWhenForty with the current score, and indicating that the other player wins the ball.
The expected outcome is a new Forty value that originates from current
, but with the other player's points incremented. There is, however, something odd-looking going on with Option.map - and where did that incrementPoint
function come from?
In the previous article, you saw how sometimes, a test triggers the creation of a new helper function. Sometimes, such a helper function is of such general utility that it makes sense to put it in the 'production code'. Previously, it was the other
function. Now, it's the incrementPoint
function.
Before I show you the implementation of the incrementPoint
function, I would like to suggest that you reflect on it. The purpose of this function is to return the point that comes after a given point. Do you remember how, in the article on designing with types, we quickly realised that love, fifteen, thirty, and forty are mere labels; that we don't need to do arithmetic on these values?
There's one piece of 'arithmetic' you need to do with these values, after all: you must be able to 'add one' to a value, in order to get the next value. That's the purpose of the incrementPoint
function: given Love, it'll return Fifteen, and so on - but with a twist!
What should it return when given Thirty as input? Forty? That's not possible. There's no Point value higher than Thirty. Forty doesn't exist.
The object-oriented answer would be to throw an exception, but in functional programming, we don't like such arbitrary jump statements in our code. GOTO is, after all, considered harmful.
Instead, we can return None, but that means that we must wrap all the other return values in Some:
let incrementPoint = function | Love -> Some Fifteen | Fifteen -> Some Thirty | Thirty -> None
This function has the type Point -> Point option
, and it behaves like this:
> incrementPoint Love;; val it : Point option = Some Fifteen > incrementPoint Fifteen;; val it : Point option = Some Thirty > incrementPoint Thirty;; val it : Point option = None
Back to the property: the expected
value is that the other player's points are incremented, and this new points value (np
, for New Points) is bound to OtherPlayerPoint in a copy-and-update expression, using current
as the original value. In other words, this expression returns the current
score, with the only change that OtherPlayerPoint now has the incremented Point value.
This has to happen inside of an Option.map, though, because incrementPoint may return None. Furthermore, the new value created from current
is of the type FortyData, but you need a Forty value. This can be achieved by piping the option value into another map that composes the Forty case constructor.
The expected
value has the type Score option
, so in order to be able to compare it to actual
, which is 'only' a Score
value, you need to make actual
a Score option
value as well. This is the reason expected
is compared to Some actual
.
One implementation that passes this and all previous properties is:
let scoreWhenForty current winner = if current.Player = winner then Game winner else match incrementPoint current.OtherPlayerPoint with | Some p -> Forty { current with OtherPlayerPoint = p } | None -> Deuce
Notice that the implementation also uses the incrementPoint function.
In this article, you saw how, even when illegal states are unrepresentable, you may need to further constrain the input into a property in order to express a particular test case. The FsCheck combinator library can be used to do that. It's flexible and well thought-out.
While I could go on and show you how to express properties for more state transitions, you've now seen the most important techniques. If you want to see more of the tennis state transitions, you can always check out the source code accompanying this article series.
In the next article, instead, you'll see how to compose all these functions into a system that implements the tennis scoring rules.
If you're interested in learning more about Property-Based Testing, you can watch my introduction to Property-based Testing with F# Pluralsight course.


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