Sorry! It doesn’t. oTranscribe makes the manual task of transcribing audio a lot less painful. But you still have to do the transcription.
If you are having an issue and you already tried completely quitting your browser, and possibly even clearing your browser cache, please email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>for assistance.
oTranscribe is hosted and maintained by MuckRock Foundation. We welcome financial contributions.
Try the following steps:
oTranscribe is designed in a way that your data (both the audio file and the written transcript) never leaves your local computer. The transcript is not kept on a remote server or “in the cloud”, but is instead in the browser’s localStorage. The downside is that it is not possible to access your saved transcripts from another computer.
oTranscribe's automatic backup system saves the current transcript every five minutes. Click on the button to view backups and restore an old copy of your transcript. Exactly 100 copies are retained; once the 100 backup limit is reached, oTranscribe will erase older copies.
oTranscribe is not a permanent document store, as browser storage is notoriously unreliable (even with this backup system). Please make sure to export your work regularly to prevent loss of data.
The short answer is: unfortunately, no.
The long answer is: oTranscribe sometimes loses work for a multitude of reasons (including the user clearing their cache or localStorage becoming full). If your work is not present in the history panel, it's gone for good. Please make sure to export your work regularly, especially when using oTranscribe for an extended period of time.
This can sometimes happen when the browser's local storage is full. If you clear the existing stored documents, it should begin saving again. Note that this may affect locally-stored data belonging to other apps and sites.
Note: On OS X, use Cmd instead of Ctrl.
Open settings () to access custom keyboard shortcuts. To add a new shortcut, click the blue “+” next to the name of the function you want to add a keyboard shortcut for, and then press a key combination. To remove a shortcut, click the next to the shortcut you want to remove. Note that you may need to refresh the page to clear the old shortcuts.
oTranscribe is limited by the formats supported by each individual browser. The formats supported by your own browser will be listed below the “Choose audio file” button. In general, WAV files are widely supported, and MP3 files mostly work on everything except Mozilla Firefox. Certain video files, as well as YouTube videos, are also supported.
Pressing Ctrl+J (Cmd+J on OS X) will insert the audio file’s current time into the document. This timestamp is hyperlinked and will skip to the specific time in the audio file.
Yes! oTranscribe.com will automatically save an offline copy of itself in your browser's HTML5 Application Cache when you load up the page for the first time. To use the offline version, simply go to oTranscribe.com without an internet connection. It's that simple.
Note that buttons will look different when offline and some features like YouTube support and Google Drive export will not work.
Some YouTube videos simply don't support it. This isn't something oTranscribe has any control over, unfortunately.
oTranscribe can only import one type of file, the .OTR oTranscribe file format. This format preserves the clickable time stamps.
Open the export panel by clicking on the button. You can export .OTR files, along with plain text (.txt) and Markdown (.md) files.
Yes! Thanks to contributor Kostas Minaidis, it’s possible to have oTranscribe automatically open a video on load. To do so, you'll need to append a query parameter (v=YOUTUBE_ID) to oTranscribe.com. Like so:
http://otranscribe.com/?v=VrMHA3yX_QI
You an also open a video at a specific timeframe using a second query parameter (t=SECONDS or t=HH:MM:SS).
Automatic loading of a video on a specific point in time using seconds notation: http://otranscribe.com/?v=VrMHA3yX_QI&t=506
Automatic loading of a video on a specific point in time using HH:MM:SS notation: http://otranscribe.com/?v=VrMHA3yX_QI&t=45:54
Elliot Bentley originally created oTranscribe. If you’re interested, Journalism.co.uk did a neat article on oTranscribe’s origins. In 2018, he handed over the site to the MuckRock Foundation, a non-profit that runs a variety of open source services dedicated to journalism and transparency.
Translations have been provided by over a dozen talented and generous volunteers.
Yes! Find out more about providing translations on our wiki.
You can contact support directly by emailing<EMAIL_ADDRESS>We try to respond as soon as possible, but it can take us a few days to go through all the emails receive and respond.


AbstractAdListener
ImpressionListener interface is notified of impression events in ad control lifecycle.InstreamVideoAdapter
.InstreamVideoAdView
lifecycle.AudienceNetworkActivity
.
InterstitialAdActivity was created to support fullscreen Interstitial ads but has since been
repurposed for other needs to avoid additional manifest requirements. This class is provided for
backwards compatibility only. You should use AudienceNetworkActivity in your manifest.InterstitialAd
lifecycle.MediaView
lifecycle.RewardedVideoAd
RewardedVideoAd
lifecycle.RewardedVideoAd
lifecycle using
severside validationAbstractAdListener
and AdView.setAdListener(com.facebook.ads.AdListener)
.
Sets an ImpressionListener to be notified of impression events in ad control lifecycle.AbstractAdListener
and InterstitialAd.setAdListener(com.facebook.ads.InterstitialAdListener)
.
Sets an ImpressionListener to be notified of impression events in ad control lifecycle.AbstractAdListener
and NativeAd.setAdListener(com.facebook.ads.AdListener)
.
Sets an ImpressionListener to be notified of impression events in ad control lifecycle.InstreamVideoAdView.loadAd()
is called and the ad listener has been notified ad has loadedRewardedVideoAd.loadAd()
is called and the ad listener has been notified ad has loaded


Description: An empty function.
You can use this empty function when you wish to pass around a function that will do nothing.
This is useful for plugin authors who offer optional callbacks; in the case that no callback is given, something like jQuery.noop
could execute.


JKS/CSR Command Generator
Help - JKS/CSR Command Generator
About
JKS/CSR Command Generator helps to generate UNIX CLI commands to create java keystore files and certificate signing requests
Usage
For best result use Chrome browser.
Make sure no unexpected spaces are there in the details provided in the input fields.
Once all the data has been entered, press Parse button to process the command.
Use appropriate copy buttons to copy the JKS/CSR.
Use the Clear all button near the name field to clear all entries
Once the command has been copied, Simply paste the same in the required directory in the unix box.
Note: The result contains an empty line, so when pasted in the CLI it automatically makes an "enter" button action.
Author
Code written by: Rahul S
CSS engine: Semantic UI V2.4
May the force be with you!
Name
Alias
Keystore
Keystore PW
Alias PW
OU name
Org name
Locality
State & CC


Take advantage of our English Editing services to create well-written manuscripts that adhere to journal guidelines and could boost your chances of getting published in high-impact international publication such as Science Journals.
Both the levels of English include free manuscript formatting for the Science journal of your choice. This will save your time and budget
Please note that use of this services is not mandatory for publication in Science journal and it does not guarantee peer review or acceptance. You are not obliged to submit your manuscript to one of our journal if you choose to use this services. All services are provided solely by Editage
Our customers rate this services an
average of 9.5 out 10
We promise excellence, expertise, resposiveness, and confidentiality in all our services.  Our mission is to ensure 100% client satisfaction at every interaction for all our clients.
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Our unique editor-selection algorithm ensures that your paper is assigned to highly qualified language specialists with expertise in your subject. As it learns your requirements, we are able to offer more tailored services. Our editors are all native English speakers who hold PhDs or Master's degrees from top universities such as Harvard, MIT and Oxford. They are all experts in their respective academic fields with an average of 19.4 years' experience in editing. Most of them are published authors and peer reviewers in their own right as well as members of some of the world's best editor societies, such as BELS and CSE.
We provide manuscript editing services to meet the publication standards of international high-impact journals. We offer 3 levels of manuscript editing and proofreading services for academic research papers.
All our manuscript editors and writers go through the Basic Training (BET) program that comprises 5 standard modules and various customized programs.


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If you're not interested in seeing the message, click here


Dana's Nails
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Hopefully by now you can see the appeal of subscribing to syndicated content. Maybe you're hooked by now and in dire need of new feeds. You can visit the following sites to find new RSS feeds: http://www.2rss.com/ (Directory, Software and Articles about RSS, Portal) http://www.blogarama.com/ (yet another blog directory).
But if you're like me, most of the feeds you will find will be by word of mouth. Or should I say "word of blog"?  Basically it is a list of blogs read by the author of the blog. Also, many blog entries will refer to other blogs.
RssBandit has a very neat feature that will automatically discover RSS Feeds for these blogs. Say you're reading the latest installment of my riveting blog, and I link to David Winer's blog. RssBandit is in the background also reading the blog, looking for links to other RSS feeds. If you look up in the toolbar of RssBandit and you may notice that there's an icon with an orange XML with the number 1 in front of it.
The number 1 represents the number of feeds that RssBandit found. Click on it and you'll see a list of the feeds that RssBandit has recently discovered (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Auto Discovered Feeds.
In the screenshot above, you can see that "Scripting News" was discovered. Clicking a discovered feed opens the Add New Feed dialog box with its fields pre-populated with the information needed to subscribe to the feed.
Searching Using The Add Subscription DialogAnother way to discover new feeds is to use the Add Subscription Dialog to search for feeds based on keywords or topics. To get to the Add Subscription Dialog, click on Locate Feed (CTRL+S) within the Tools menu. An alternate means is to select New Subscription from within the File menu and check the option labelled "I want to search for subscriptions by key word(s)".
Whichever method you choose, the Add Subscription dialog will appear and you'll see the screen in figure 2.
Figure 2. Add Subscription By Search Dialog.
This dialog lets you choose a search engine to search for rss feeds. Clicking on the Manage button gives options for adding and removing search engine choices. For more on this, read the topic Adding Integration with your Favorite Search Engine.
Typing in the words "RSS Bandit" in the keyword topic and clicking Next brings up the search results dialog as in figure 3.
Figure 3. Feed Search Result dialog.
Click on the feed you wish to subscribe to and click next. Follow the instructions in the rest of the dialog screens to subscribe to the feed. The topic Subscribing to a Feed describes the rest of the wizard starting at figure 5.


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| < Day Day Up > |
4.2 Index StructuresHaving covered some of the basic ideas behind indexing, let's turn to the various types (or structures) of indexes in MySQL. None of the index types are specific to MySQL. You'll find similar indexes in PostgreSQL, DB2, Oracle, etc. Rather than focus too much on the implementation details,[7] we'll look at the types of data or applications each type was designed to handle and find answers to questions like these: Which index types are the fastest? Most flexible? Use the most or least space?
If this were a general-purpose textbook for a computer science class, we might delve deeper into the specific data structures and algorithms that are employed under the hood. Instead, we'll try to limit our scope to the practical. If you're especially curious about the under-the-hood magic, there are plenty of excellent computer science books available on the topic. 4.2.1 B-Tree IndexesThe B-tree, or balanced tree, is the most common types of index. Virtually all database servers and embedded database libraries offer B-tree indexes, often as the default index type. They are usually the default because of their unique combination of flexibility, size, and overall good performance. As the name implies, a B-tree is a tree structure. The nodes are arranged in sorted order based on the key values. A B-tree is said to be balanced because it will never become lopsided as new nodes are added and removed. The main benefit of this balance is that the worst-case performance of a B-tree is always quite good. B-trees offer O(log n) performance for single-record lookups. Unlike binary trees, in which each node has at most two children, B-trees have many keys per node and don't grow "tall" or "deep" as quickly as a binary tree. B-tree indexes offer a lot of flexibility when you need to resolve queries. Range-base queries such as the following can be resolved very quickly: SELECT * FROM phone_book WHERE last_name BETWEEN 'Marten' and 'Mason' The server simply finds the first "Marten" record and the last "Mason" record. It then knows that everything in between are also matches. The same is true of virtually any query that involves understanding the range of values, including MIN( ) and MAX( ) and even an open-ended range query such as the following: SELECT COUNT(*) FROM phone_book WHERE last_name > 'Zawodny' MySQL will simply find the last Zawodny and count all the records beyond it in the index tree. 4.2.2 Hash IndexesThe second most popular indexes are hash-based. These hash indexes resemble a hash table rather than a tree. The structure is very flat compared to a tree. Rather than ordering index records based on a comparison of the key value with similar key values, hash indexes are based on the result of running each key through a hash function. The hash function's job is to generate a semiunique hash value (usually numeric) for any given key. That value is then used to determine which bucket to put the key in. Consider a common hashing function such as MD5( ). Given similar strings as input, it produces wildly different results: mysql> SELECT MD5('Smith'); +----------------------------------+ | MD5('Smith') | +----------------------------------+ | e95f770ac4fb91ac2e4873e4b2dfc0e6 | +----------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.46 sec) mysql> SELECT MD5('Smitty'); +----------------------------------+ | MD5('Smitty') | +----------------------------------+ | 6d6f09a116b2eded33b9c871e6797a47 | +----------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) However, the MD5 algorithm produces 128-bit values (represented as base-64 by default), which means there are just over 3.4 x 1038 possible values. Because most computers don't have nearly enough disk space (let alone memory) to contain that many slots, hash tables are always governed by the available storage space. A common technique that reduces the possible key space of the hash table is to allocate a fixed number of buckets, often a relatively large prime number such as 35,149. You then divide the result of the hash function by the prime number and use the remainder to determine which bucket the value falls into. That's the theory. The implementation details, again, can be quite a bit more complex, and knowing them tends not to help much. The end result is that the hash index provides very fast lookups, generally O(1) unless you're dealing with a hash function that doesn't produce a good spread of values for your particular data. While hash-based indexes generally provide some of the fastest key lookups, they are also less flexible and less predictable than other indexes. They're less flexible because range-based queries can't use the index. Good hash functions generate very different values for similar values, so the server can't make any assumptions about the ordering of the data within the index structure. Records that are near each other in the hash table are rarely similar. Hash indexes are less predictable because the wrong combination of data and hash function can result in a hash table in which most of the records are clumped into just a few buckets. When that happens, performance suffers quite a bit. Rather than sifting through a relatively small list of keys that share the same hash value, the computer must examine a large list. Hash indexes work relatively well for most text and numeric data types. Because hash functions effectively reduce arbitrarily sized keys to a small hash value, they tend not to use as much space as many tree-based indexes. 4.2.3 R-Tree IndexesR-tree indexes are used for spatial or N-dimensional data. They are quite popular in mapping and geoscience applications but work equally well in other situations in which records are often queried based on two axes or dimensions: length and width, height and weight, etc. Having been added for Version 4.1, R-tree indexes are relatively new to MySQL. MySQL's implementation is based on the OpenGIS specifications, available online at http://www.opengis.org/. The spatial data support in other popular database servers is often based on the OpenGIS specifications, so the syntax should be familiar if you've similar products. Spatial indexes may be unfamiliar to many long-time MySQL users, so let's look at a simple example. We'll create a table to contain spatial data, add several points using X, Y coordinates, and ask MySQL which points fall within the bounds of some polygons. First, create the table with a small BLOB field to contain the spatial data: mysql> create table map_test -> ( -> name varchar(100) not null primary key, -> loc geometry, -> spatial index(loc) -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Then add some points: mysql> insert into map_test values ('One Two', point(1,2)); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into map_test values ('Two Two', point(2,2)); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into map_test values ('Two One', point(2,1)); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Now, ensure that it looks right in the table: mysql> select name, AsText(loc) from map_test; +---------+-------------+ | name | AsText(loc) | +---------+-------------+ | One Two | POINT(1 2) | | Two Two | POINT(2 2) | | Two One | POINT(2 1) | +---------+-------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) Finally, ask MySQL which points fall within a polygon: mysql> SELECT name FROM map_test WHERE -> Contains(GeomFromText('POLYGON((0 0, 0 3, 3 3, 3 0, 0 0))'), loc); +---------+ | name | +---------+ | One Two | | Two Two | | Two One | +---------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) Figure 4-1 shows the points and polygon on a graph. Figure 4-1. 2-D points and a polygon that contains themMySQL indexes the various shapes that can be represented (points, lines, polygons) using the shape's minimum bounding rectangle (MBR). To do so, it computes the smallest rectangle you can draw that completely contains the shape. MySQL stores the coordinates of that rectangle and uses them when trying to find shapes in a given area. |
| < Day Day Up > |


I want to see your code
Drabushevich Artem
18 years
Java developer
radiophisic
computer security
flex institute proffesor


push()
pop()
PlotDevice is a so-called state-machine in which certain types of modifications are cumulative. For example, once rotate(45)
is called, all subsequent shapes, paths, text and images are rotated 45 degrees – the rotation ‘state’ has been set to 45°.
All transformations, such as rotate() and skew(), defined between a push() and pop() call last only until pop() is called. Thereafter the previous state is used. For example, a rotate(-30) within a rotate(45) means a rotation state of 15° until pop() is called and the rotation state becomes 45 degrees again.
While push() & pop() allow your script to save and restore the state manually (and leave it up to you to ensure that a call to one is balanced by a call to the other). The transform() command provides a context manager to limit the scope of these state changes to an indented block of code.
fill(0.2) fontsize(14) rotate(90) text("one", 40, 80) push() rotate(-90) text("two", 40, 40) pop() text("three", 50, 80)


Your Experience
Flight Hours:
- PIC Time:
- SIC Time:
- Instructor Time:
- Evaluator Time:
- Instrument Time:
- Dual Received:
- Night Time:
Simulator Hours:
Military Hours:
- NVG Time:
- Combat Time:
- Combat Support Time:
- Other Time
Currencies
- Last Flight:
- Last Landing:
- Last Night Landing:
- Last Instrument Approach:


Spring 2018 Curriculum:
Deep Learning Demystified
From Linear Regression to Image Recognition
Motivation
Recent developments in deep learning have made once again made AI the "next big thing" in the tech community. Unfortunately, deep learning is also one area of AI that is perhaps among the most misunderstood by the media and general public alike. We feel that it is important to demystify deep learning as much as possible so that more people are educated about what it can and can't do, and how it can be used for good.
For members: We plan to guide a cohort of members through our deep learning curriculum, complete with in-person workshops, during the each semester of the 2017-2018 academic year. Members will then have a chance to implement this content by working on a variety of team projects in the spring.
For anyone: You can access our deep learning lessons via the links below, or via our student blog. After each in-person workshop, you will be able to find the relevant code online via our github account. We hope that these materials will serve as helpful resources for anyone wanting to learn more about deep learning and artificial intelligence.
(Note that deep learning/machine learning is only one part of the much larger field of artificial intelligence. If you are interested, we recommend you look into other topics in AI as well!)
Curriculum Outline
- Introduction to AI/Machine Learning
- Linear Regression
- Logistic Regression and Classification
- Neural Networks, Part 1 (Architecture)
- Neural Networks, Part 2 (Training)
- Neural Networks, In Practice
- Convolutional Neural Networks
- Recurrent Neural Networks
- Next Steps
If you have any questions about our curriculum, feel free to send us a message at<EMAIL_ADDRESS>and we will do our best to get back to you promptly.


'Sanctions' - The EFL charge that will interest Birmingham City and Garry Monk
Blues were docked nine points for breaking P&S guidelines at the end of a case which ran for eight months and which hung over the whole 2018/2019 campaign
by Brian Dick, https://www.facebook.com/blueswriterbriandick/?fref=tsSheffield Wednesday have been charged with misconduct by the English Football League after selling their ground to Dejphon Chansiri to try to avoid breaking spending rules.
The Owls sold Hillsborough to their owner for about £60m, helping them record a pre-tax profit of £2.5m for 2017-18.
Selling a ground is not against the rule but the charges relate to ‘how and when’ it was sold and its inclusion in the 2018 accounts when it was sold a year later.
Wednesday say they will ‘vigorously defend’ the charges.
Birmingham City latest
This is your round up of all things Birmingham City; the one-stop shop that will keep you updated on the latest goings on at the club and beyond.
Transfers, injuries, match-days and managers, we’ve got you covered.
We’ll be bringing the very latest on the Blues throughout the week and around the clock.
Make sure you keep yourself updated with our handy daily catch up...
Must reads...
- The EFL charge that will interest Birmingham City and Garry Monk
- The exciting transfer promise Birmingham City have made their fans
- Birmingham City's plan to resolve the big issue that's angered fans
- Sunjic, Colin, Camp - How Birmingham City's players rate this season
- A new striker, Jude and contracts - Blues' January priorities
For all your latest BCFC news, opinion, analysis and transfer gossip, click here
You can follow our Blues reporter Brian Dick on Twitter, and his email address is<EMAIL_ADDRESS>An EFL statement said: “Following a formal investigation into financial information provided by Sheffield Wednesday in relation to the Club’s 2017/18 Profitability and Sustainability (P&S) submission, the EFL has today issued a number of charges relating to alleged breaches of EFL Rules.
“Earlier this year the EFL launched an investigation into the Club’s financial submission for the period ending July 2018 under the relevant P&S Rules following the completion of the sale of Hillsborough Stadium.
“The EFL has reviewed a large number of documents obtained from the Club as part of this process and concluded there is sufficient evidence to justify issuing charges of Misconduct.
“The charges are in respect of a number of allegations regarding the process of how and when the stadium was sold and the inclusion of the profits in the 2017/18 accounts.
“All charges will be considered by an independent Disciplinary Commission and, if the charges are proven, the Commission can impose any of the sanctions set out in EFL Regulation 92.2.
“The EFL Board has previously agreed and communicated with all Championship Clubs a set of sanctioning guidelines, but the Commission, under EFL Regulations, has the ability to invoke a full range of sanctions should the breach be confirmed.
“The EFL continues to review the Club’s 2018/19 P&S submissions.
“As these matters are now subject to proceedings, the EFL will be making no further comment at this time.”
One of those sanctions is a points deduction - the same fate that befell Birmingham City last season - when, both coincidentally and ironically current Wednesday manager Garry Monk was in charge.
Blues were docked nine points for breaking P&S guidelines at the end of a case which ran for eight months and which hung over the whole 2018/2019 campaign.
Wednesday put out their own short statement: “Sheffield Wednesday note the statement issued today by the EFL and the charges contained within.
“These charges will be vigorously defended and the Club will be making no further comment at this time.”
The Owls are currently eighth in the league, on 25 points, three outside the play-offs.


BAABTRA,works as a link in identifying,training and placing quality freshers from regional colleges and institutes


js/Foundation/NSCoder.js
'use strict'
import NSObject from '../ObjectiveC/NSObject'
import CGPoint from '../CoreGraphics/CGPoint'
import CGRect from '../CoreGraphics/CGRect'
import CGSize from '../CoreGraphics/CGSize'
import CGVector from '../CoreGraphics/CGVector'
const _DecodingFailurePolicy = {
raiseException: Symbol('raiseException'),
setErrorAndReturn: Symbol('setErrorAndReturn')
}
/**
* The NSCoder abstract class declares the interface used by concrete subclasses to transfer objects and other values between memory and some other format. This capability provides the basis for archiving (where objects and data items are stored on disk) and distribution (where objects and data items are copied between different processes or threads). The concrete subclasses provided by Foundation for these purposes are NSArchiver, NSUnarchiver, NSKeyedArchiver, NSKeyedUnarchiver, and NSPortCoder. Concrete subclasses of NSCoder are referred to in general as coder classes, and instances of these classes as coder objects (or simply coders). A coder object that can only encode values is referred to as an encoder object, and one that can only decode values as a decoder object.
* @access public
* @extends {NSObject}
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder
*/
export default class NSCoder extends NSObject {
/**
* constructor
* @access public
* @constructor
*/
constructor() {
super()
// Inspecting a Coder
this._allowsKeyedCoding = false
// Secure Coding
this._requiresSecureCoding = false
this._allowedClasses = null
// Getting Version Information
this._systemVersion = 0
// Instance Properties
this._decodingFailurePolicy = null
this._error = null
}
static get DecodingFailurePolicy() {
return _DecodingFailurePolicy
}
// Inspecting a Coder
/**
* Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether an encoded value is available for a string.
* @access public
* @param {string} key -
* @returns {boolean} -
* @desc Subclasses must override this method if they perform keyed coding. The string is passed as key.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1416125-containsvalue
*/
containsValueForKey(key) {
return false
}
/**
* A Boolean value that indicates whether the receiver supports keyed coding of objects.
* @type {boolean}
* @desc false by default. Concrete subclasses that support keyed coding, such as NSKeyedArchiver, need to override this property to return true.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1417541-allowskeyedcoding
*/
get allowsKeyedCoding() {
return this._allowsKeyedCoding
}
// Encoding General Data
/**
* Encodes an array of count items, whose Objective-C type is given by itemType.
* @access public
* @param {UnsafePointer<Int8>} type -
* @param {number} count -
* @param {UnsafeRawPointer} array -
* @returns {void}
* @desc The values are encoded from the buffer beginning at address. itemType must contain exactly one type code. NSCoder’s implementation invokes encodeValue(ofObjCType:at:) to encode the entire array of items. Subclasses that implement the encodeValue(ofObjCType:at:) method do not need to override this method.This method must be matched by a subsequent decodeArray(ofObjCType:count:at:) message.For information on creating an Objective-C type code suitable for itemType, see Type Encodings.Special ConsiderationsYou should not use this method to encode C arrays of Objective-C objects. See decodeArray(ofObjCType:count:at:) for more details.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1417865-encodearray
*/
encodeArrayOfObjCTypeAt(type, count, array) {
}
/**
* Encodes the object objv and associates it with the string key.
* @access public
* @param {?Object} objv -
* @param {string} key -
* @returns {void}
* @desc Subclasses must override this method to identify multiple encodings of objv and encode a reference to objv instead. For example, NSKeyedArchiver detects duplicate objects and encodes a reference to the original object rather than encode the same object twice.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1411568-encode
*/
encodeForKey(objv, key) {
}
/**
* Can be overridden by subclasses to encode object so that a copy, rather than a proxy, is created upon decoding.
* @access public
* @param {?Object} anObject -
* @returns {void}
* @desc NSCoder’s implementation simply invokes encode(_:).This method must be matched by a corresponding decodeObject() message.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1418225-encodebycopyobject
*/
encodeBycopyObject(anObject) {
}
/**
* Can be overridden by subclasses to encode object so that a proxy, rather than a copy, is created upon decoding.
* @access public
* @param {?Object} anObject -
* @returns {void}
* @desc NSCoder’s implementation simply invokes encode(_:).This method must be matched by a corresponding decodeObject() message.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1416279-encodebyrefobject
*/
encodeByrefObject(anObject) {
}
/**
* Encodes a buffer of data whose types are unspecified.
* @access public
* @param {?UnsafeRawPointer} byteaddr -
* @param {number} length -
* @returns {void}
* @desc The buffer to be encoded begins at address, and its length in bytes is given by numBytes.This method must be matched by a corresponding decodeBytes(withReturnedLength:) message.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1411664-encodebytes
*/
encodeBytes(byteaddr, length) {
}
/**
* Encodes a buffer of data, bytesp, whose length is specified by lenv, and associates it with the string key.
* @access public
* @param {?UnsafePointer<UInt8>} bytesp -
* @param {number} lenv -
* @param {string} key -
* @returns {void}
* @desc Subclasses must override this method if they perform keyed coding.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1413078-encodebytes
*/
encodeBytesLengthForKey(bytesp, lenv, key) {
}
/**
* Can be overridden by subclasses to conditionally encode object, preserving common references to that object.
* @access public
* @param {?Object} object -
* @returns {void}
* @desc In the overriding method, object should be encoded only if it’s unconditionally encoded elsewhere (with any other encode...Object: method).This method must be matched by a subsequent decodeObject() message. Upon decoding, if object was never encoded unconditionally, decodeObject returns nil in place of object. However, if object was encoded unconditionally, all references to object must be resolved.NSCoder’s implementation simply invokes encode(_:).
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1415196-encodeconditionalobject
*/
encodeConditionalObject(object) {
}
/**
* Conditionally encodes a reference to objv and associates it with the string key only if objv has been unconditionally encoded with encode(_:forKey:).
* @access public
* @param {?Object} objv -
* @param {string} key -
* @returns {void}
* @desc Subclasses must override this method if they support keyed coding.The encoded object is decoded with the decodeObject(forKey:) method. If objv was never encoded unconditionally, decodeObject(forKey:) returns nil in place of objv.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1413918-encodeconditionalobject
*/
encodeConditionalObjectForKey(objv, key) {
}
/**
* Encodes size.
* @access public
* @param {CGSize} size -
* @returns {void}
* @desc NSCoder’s implementation invokes encodeValue(ofObjCType:at:) to encode size.This method must be matched by a subsequent decodeSize() message.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1391291-encode
*/
encode(size) {
}
/**
* Encodes intv and associates it with the string key.
* @access public
* @param {number} intv -
* @param {string} key -
* @returns {void}
* @desc Subclasses must override this method if they perform keyed coding.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1413906-encodecint
*/
encodeCIntForKey(intv, key) {
}
/**
* Encodes the property list aPropertyList.
* @access public
* @param {Object} aPropertyList -
* @returns {void}
* @desc NSCoder’s implementation invokes encodeValue(ofObjCType:at:) to encode aPropertyList.This method must be matched by a subsequent decodePropertyList() message.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1410643-encodepropertylist
*/
encodePropertyList(aPropertyList) {
}
/**
* Can be overridden by subclasses to encode an interconnected group of Objective-C objects, starting with rootObject.
* @access public
* @param {Object} rootObject -
* @returns {void}
* @desc NSCoder’s implementation simply invokes encode(_:).This method must be matched by a subsequent decodeObject() message.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1409439-encoderootobject
*/
encodeRootObject(rootObject) {
}
/**
* Must be overridden by subclasses to encode a single value residing at address, whose Objective-C type is given by valueType.
* @access public
* @param {UnsafePointer<Int8>} type -
* @param {UnsafeRawPointer} addr -
* @returns {void}
* @desc valueType must contain exactly one type code.This method must be matched by a subsequent decodeValue(ofObjCType:at:) message.For information on creating an Objective-C type code suitable for valueType, see Type Encodings.Special ConsiderationsYou should not use this method to encode of Objective-C objects. See decodeArray(ofObjCType:count:at:) for more details.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1414648-encodevalue
*/
encodeValueOfObjCTypeAt(type, addr) {
}
// Decoding General Data
/**
* Decodes an array of count items, whose Objective-C type is given by itemType.
* @access public
* @param {UnsafePointer<Int8>} itemType -
* @param {number} count -
* @param {Object} array -
* @returns {void}
* @desc The items are decoded into the buffer beginning at address, which must be large enough to contain them all. itemType must contain exactly one type code. NSCoder’s implementation invokes decodeValue(ofObjCType:at:) to decode the entire array of items.This method matches an encodeArray(ofObjCType:count:at:) message used during encoding.For information on creating an Objective-C type code suitable for itemType, see Type Encodings.Special ConsiderationsYou should not use this method to decode C arrays of Objective-C objects. For historical reasons, returned objects will have an additional ownership reference which you can only relinquish using CFRelease.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1408354-decodearray
*/
decodeArrayOfObjCTypeAt(itemType, count, array) {
}
/**
* Decodes and returns a boolean value that was previously encoded with encode(_:forKey:) and associated with the string key.
* @access public
* @param {string} key -
* @returns {boolean} -
* @desc Subclasses must override this method if they perform keyed coding.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1409293-decodebool
*/
decodeBoolForKey(key) {
return false
}
/**
* Decodes a buffer of data that was previously encoded with encodeBytes(_:length:forKey:) and associated with the string key.
* @access public
* @param {string} key -
* @param {?UnsafeMutablePointer<Int>} lengthp -
* @returns {?UnsafePointer<UInt8>} -
* @desc The buffer’s length is returned by reference in lengthp. The returned bytes are immutable. Subclasses must override this method if they perform keyed coding.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1411987-decodebytes
*/
decodeBytesForKeyReturnedLength(key, lengthp) {
return null
}
/**
* Decodes a buffer of data whose types are unspecified.
* @access public
* @param {UnsafeMutablePointer<Int>} lengthp -
* @returns {?Object} -
* @desc NSCoder’s implementation invokes decodeValue(ofObjCType:at:) to decode the data as a series of bytes, which this method then places into a buffer and returns. The buffer’s length is returned by reference in numBytes. If you need the bytes beyond the scope of the current @autoreleasepool block, you must copy them.This method matches an encodeBytes(_:length:) message used during encoding.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1415441-decodebytes
*/
decodeBytesWithReturnedLength(lengthp) {
return null
}
/**
* Decodes and returns an NSData object that was previously encoded with encode(_:). Subclasses must override this method.
* @access public
* @returns {?Data} -
* @desc The implementation of your overriding method must match the implementation of your encode(_:) method. For example, a typical encode(_:) method encodes the number of bytes of data followed by the bytes themselves. Your override of this method must read the number of bytes, create an NSData object of the appropriate size, and decode the bytes into the new NSData object.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1409876-decodedata
*/
decodeData() {
return null
}
/**
* Decodes and returns a double value that was previously encoded with either encode(_:forKey:) or encode(_:forKey:) and associated with the string key.
* @access public
* @param {string} key -
* @returns {number} -
* @desc Subclasses must override this method if they perform keyed coding.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1409374-decodedouble
*/
decodeDoubleForKey(key) {
return 0
}
/**
* Decodes and returns a float value that was previously encoded with encode(_:forKey:) or encode(_:forKey:) and associated with the string key.
* @access public
* @param {string} key -
* @returns {number} -
* @desc If the value was encoded as a double, the extra precision is lost. If the encoded real value does not fit into a float, the method raises an NSRangeException. Subclasses must override this method if they perform keyed coding.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1408104-decodefloat
*/
decodeFloatForKey(key) {
return 0
}
/**
* Decodes and returns an int value that was previously encoded with encodeCInt(_:forKey:), encode(_:forKey:), encode(_:forKey:), or encode(_:forKey:) and associated with the string key.
* @access public
* @param {string} key -
* @returns {number} -
* @desc If the encoded integer does not fit into the default integer size, the method raises an NSRangeException. Subclasses must override this method if they perform keyed coding.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1411168-decodecint
*/
decodeCIntForKey(key) {
return 0
}
/**
* Decodes and returns an NSInteger value that was previously encoded with encodeCInt(_:forKey:), encode(_:forKey:), encode(_:forKey:), or encode(_:forKey:) and associated with the string key.
* @access public
* @param {string} key -
* @returns {number} -
* @desc If the encoded integer does not fit into the NSInteger size, the method raises an NSRangeException. Subclasses must override this method if they perform keyed coding.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1409246-decodeinteger
*/
decodeIntegerForKey(key) {
return 0
}
/**
* Decodes and returns a 32-bit integer value that was previously encoded with encodeCInt(_:forKey:), encode(_:forKey:), encode(_:forKey:), or encode(_:forKey:) and associated with the string key.
* @access public
* @param {string} key -
* @returns {number} -
* @desc If the encoded integer does not fit into a 32-bit integer, the method raises an NSRangeException. Subclasses must override this method if they perform keyed coding.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1408918-decodeint32
*/
decodeInt32ForKey(key) {
return 0
}
/**
* Decodes and returns a 64-bit integer value that was previously encoded with encodeCInt(_:forKey:), encode(_:forKey:), encode(_:forKey:), or encode(_:forKey:) and associated with the string key.
* @access public
* @param {string} key -
* @returns {Int64} -
* @desc Subclasses must override this method if they perform keyed coding.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1407878-decodeint64
*/
decodeInt64ForKey(key) {
return null
}
/**
* Decodes an Objective-C object that was previously encoded with any of the encode...Object: methods.
* @access public
* @returns {?Object} -
* @desc NSCoder’s implementation invokes decodeValue(ofObjCType:at:) to decode the object data.Subclasses may need to override this method if they override any of the corresponding encode...Object: methods. For example, if an object was encoded conditionally using the encodeConditionalObject(_:) method, this method needs to check whether the object had actually been encoded.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1414478-decodeobject
*/
decodeObject() {
return null
}
/**
* Decodes and returns an Objective-C object that was previously encoded with encode(_:forKey:) or encodeConditionalObject(_:forKey:) and associated with the string key.
* @access public
* @param {string} key -
* @returns {?Object} -
* @desc Subclasses must override this method if they perform keyed coding.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1418185-decodeobject
*/
decodeObjectForKey(key) {
return null
}
/**
* Decodes and returns an NSPoint structure that was previously encoded with encode(_:).
* @access public
* @returns {CGPoint} -
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1391189-decodepoint
*/
decodePoint() {
return null
}
/**
* Decodes and returns an NSPoint structure that was previously encoded with encode(_:forKey:).
* @access public
* @param {string} key -
* @returns {CGPoint} -
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1391214-decodepoint
*/
decodePointForKey(key) {
return null
}
/**
* Decodes a property list that was previously encoded with encodePropertyList(_:).
* @access public
* @returns {?Object} -
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1411916-decodepropertylist
*/
decodePropertyList() {
return null
}
/**
* Decodes and returns an NSRect structure that was previously encoded with encode(_:).
* @access public
* @returns {CGRect} -
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1391269-decoderect
*/
decodeRect() {
return null
}
/**
* Decodes and returns an NSRect structure that was previously encoded with encode(_:forKey:).
* @access public
* @param {string} key -
* @returns {CGRect} -
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1391116-decoderect
*/
decodeRectForKey(key) {
return null
}
/**
* Decodes and returns an NSSize structure that was previously encoded with encode(_:).
* @access public
* @returns {CGSize} -
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1391144-decodesize
*/
decodeSize() {
return null
}
/**
* Decodes and returns an NSSize structure that was previously encoded with encode(_:forKey:).
* @access public
* @param {string} key -
* @returns {CGSize} -
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1391253-decodesize
*/
decodeSizeForKey(key) {
return null
}
/**
* Decodes a single value, whose Objective-C type is given by valueType.
* @access public
* @param {UnsafePointer<Int8>} type -
* @param {Object} data -
* @returns {void}
* @desc valueType must contain exactly one type code, and the buffer specified by data must be large enough to hold the value corresponding to that type code. For information on creating an Objective-C type code suitable for valueType, see Type Encodings.Subclasses must override this method and provide an implementation to decode the value. In your overriding implementation, decode the value into the buffer beginning at data.This method matches an encodeValue(ofObjCType:at:) message used during encoding.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1417159-decodevalue
*/
decodeValueOfObjCTypeAt(type, data) {
}
/**
* Returns a decoded property list for the specified key.
* @access public
* @param {string} key - The coder key.
* @returns {?Object} -
* @desc This method calls decodeObjectOfClasses:forKey: with a set allowing only property list types.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1416284-decodepropertylist
*/
decodePropertyListForKey(key) {
return null
}
// Decoding Geometry-Based Data
/**
* Decodes and returns the CGPoint structure associated with the specified key in the receiver’s archive.
* @access public
* @param {string} key - The key that identifies the point.
* @returns {CGPoint} -
* @desc Use this method to decode a point that was previously encoded using the encode(_:forKey:) method.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1624523-decodecgpoint
*/
decodeCGPointForKey(key) {
return null
}
/**
* Decodes and returns the CGRect structure associated with the specified key in the receiver’s archive.
* @access public
* @param {string} key - The key that identifies the rectangle.
* @returns {CGRect} -
* @desc Use this method to decode a rectangle that was previously encoded using the encode(_:forKey:) method.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1624522-decodecgrect
*/
decodeCGRectForKey(key) {
return null
}
/**
* Decodes and returns the CGSize structure associated with the specified key in the receiver’s archive.
* @access public
* @param {string} key - The key that identifies the size information.
* @returns {CGSize} -
* @desc Use this method to decode size information that was previously encoded using the encode(_:forKey:) method.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1624519-decodecgsize
*/
decodeCGSizeForKey(key) {
return null
}
/**
* Decodes and returns the CGAffineTransform structure associated with the specified key in the receiver’s archive.
* @access public
* @param {string} key - The key that identifies the affine transform.
* @returns {CGAffineTransform} -
* @desc Use this method to decode size information that was previously encoded using the encode(_:forKey:) method.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1624478-decodecgaffinetransform
*/
decodeCGAffineTransformForKey(key) {
return null
}
/**
* Decodes and returns the UIEdgeInsets structure associated with the specified key in the receiver’s archive.
* @access public
* @param {string} key - The key that identifies the edge insets.
* @returns {UIEdgeInsets} -
* @desc Use this method to decode size information that was previously encoded using the encode(_:forKey:) method.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1624492-decodeuiedgeinsets
*/
decodeUIEdgeInsetsForKey(key) {
return null
}
/**
* Decodes and returns the UIOffset structure associated with the specified key in the receiver’s archive.
* @access public
* @param {string} key - The key that identifies the offset.
* @returns {UIOffset} -
* @desc Use this method to decode offset information that was previously encoded using the encode(_:forKey:) method.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1624507-decodeuioffset
*/
decodeUIOffsetForKey(key) {
return null
}
/**
* Decodes and returns the CGVector data associated with the specified key in the coder’s archive.
* @access public
* @param {string} key - The key that identifies the vector.
* @returns {CGVector} -
* @desc Use this method to decode vector information that was previously encoded using the encode(_:forKey:) method.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1624488-decodecgvector
*/
decodeCGVectorForKey(key) {
return null
}
// Decoding Core Media Time Structures
/**
* Returns the CMTime structure associated with a given key.
* @access public
* @param {string} key - The key for a CMTime structure encoded in the receiver.
* @returns {CMTime} -
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1389544-decodetime
*/
decodeTimeForKey(key) {
return null
}
/**
* Returns the CMTimeRange structure associated with a given key.
* @access public
* @param {string} key - The key for a CMTimeRange structure encoded in the receiver.
* @returns {CMTimeRange} -
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1385718-decodetimerange
*/
decodeTimeRangeForKey(key) {
return null
}
/**
* Returns the CMTimeMapping structure associated with a given key.
* @access public
* @param {string} key - The key for a CMTimeMapping structure encoded in the receiver.
* @returns {CMTimeMapping} -
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1389860-decodetimemapping
*/
decodeTimeMappingForKey(key) {
return null
}
// Secure Coding
/**
* Boolean value that indicates whether the coder requires secure coding.
* @type {boolean}
* @desc true if this coder requires secure coding; false otherwise.Secure coders check a set of allowed classes before decoding objects, and all objects must implement the NSSecureCoding protocol.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1409845-requiressecurecoding
*/
get requiresSecureCoding() {
return this._requiresSecureCoding
}
/**
* The set of coded classes allowed for secure coding.
* @type {?Set<AnyHashable>}
* @desc Secure coders check this set of allowed classes before decoding objects, and all objects must implement the NSSecureCoding protocol.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1412486-allowedclasses
*/
get allowedClasses() {
return this._allowedClasses
}
// Getting Version Information
/**
* This method is present for historical reasons and is not used with keyed archivers.
* @access public
* @param {string} className -
* @returns {number} -
* @desc The version number does apply not to NSKeyedArchiver/NSKeyedUnarchiver. A keyed archiver does not encode class version numbers.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1417703-version
*/
versionForClassName(className) {
return 0
}
/**
* The system version in effect for the archive.
* @type {number}
* @desc During encoding, the current version. During decoding, the version that was in effect when the data was encoded.Subclasses that implement decoding must override this property to return the system version of the data being decoded.
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1413205-systemversion
*/
get systemVersion() {
return this._systemVersion
}
// Instance Properties
/**
*
* @type {NSCoder.DecodingFailurePolicy}
* @desc
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1642984-decodingfailurepolicy
*/
get decodingFailurePolicy() {
return this._decodingFailurePolicy
}
/**
*
* @type {?Error}
* @desc
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1643263-error
*/
get error() {
return this._error
}
// Instance Methods
/**
*
* @access public
* @param {DecodedObjectType.Type} cls -
* @param {string} key -
* @returns {NSCoding} -
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/2292924-decodeobject
*/
decodeObjectOfClassForKey(cls, key) {
return null
}
/**
*
* @access public
* @returns {void}
* @throws {Error}
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1407699-decodetoplevelobject
*/
decodeTopLevelObject() {
}
/**
*
* @access public
* @param {string} key -
* @returns {void}
* @throws {Error}
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/2293311-decodetoplevelobject
*/
decodeTopLevelObjectForKey(key) {
}
/**
*
* @access public
* @param {?Object[]} classes -
* @param {string} key -
* @returns {void}
* @throws {Error}
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/2293221-decodetoplevelobject
*/
decodeTopLevelObjectOfForKey(classes, key) {
}
/**
*
* @access public
* @param {Error} error -
* @returns {void}
* @see https://developer.apple.com/documentation/foundation/nscoder/1411455-failwitherror
*/
failWithError(error) {
}
}


Secure Phrase Generator
Make a secure passphrase. Read more about how this works.
{$partial "#phrase_results" $}{$extend "/master" $} {$define "#content" }
Make a secure passphrase. Read more about how this works.
{$partial "#phrase_results" $}{$insert phrase $}
{$}


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TRUE CRIME Reviewed by Jamie Peck
Rating: **1/2 (out of ****) Warner Bros. / 2:07 / 1999 / R (language, sexuality, brief violence) Cast: Clint Eastwood; Isaiah Washington; Denis Leary; Lisa Gay Hamilton; James Woods; Diane Venora; Bernard Hill Director: Clint Eastwood Screenplay: Larry Gross; Paul Brickman; Stephen Schiff
The big crime committed by "True Crime" is one of excess, but it's rarely severe enough to be labeled as wretched. This stately Clint Eastwood thriller suffers from both an overlong running time and eventually overcooked story elements, undoings that have also jumbled recent directorial outings "Absolute Power" and "Midnight in the Garden of Good" and Evil, and even suffers a bit from the Aging Matinee Idol Factor - at 68, Eastwood's self-exuding machismo sometimes comes across like a weird parody of itself, and the actor is way too old to doff his shirt for a sex-aftermath scene. Still, he's in better shape than some, a statement that also rings true for "True Crime."
Those who have seen the coming attraction and are aware of the whole death row storyline know that "True Crime" looks about as promising as "Dead Man Walking" with our man Clint in the Sister Helen Prejean role. But surprise, surprise: Portions of the movie really hit home, even if its ambitions are diametrically opposite to that deep, thoughtful rumination on capital punishment. Dramatic sparks do occasionally fly as Eastwood's Steve Everett, a newspaper reporter sorting through his share of nasty personal problems (most involving a voracious lust for women), maneuvers through a most difficult assignment - to chronicle the last hours of life spent by a convicted killer.
Of course, this being a Clint Eastwood film, the set-up isn't as meditative as it might sound. Everett is handed the article with little prep time, just after the writer slated to take it dies in a sudden car accident, but immediately senses that things aren't quite kosher. So, with less than 24 hours left until the execution, he sets out on an all-out quest to find out what really happened in this seemingly random convenience store murder. Adding fuel to the fire is that the alleged perpetrator (noble Isaiah Washington) maintains his innocence yet has a double-strike criminal record and questionable ties to the victim, only circumstantial evidence exists, and witness testimony is faulty at best.
Can clues and leads overlooked for six years be unearthed in time to save a condemned man who very well might be innocent? Maybe not in the real world, but there's probably a serious dearth of living journalists with Eastwood's rough, squinty-eyed determination - an attribute that serves both his character's plight and his dedication as a filmmaker to deliver the goods. Here, those include a fine attention to detail and a full-fledged sense of humor that often borders on surprising; most of the laughs come from subplots involving the bickering between Everett and his high-strung superior (James Woods). So good is this material that you occasionally wish it were "True Crime"'s main focus.
Too bad most of the other discursions don't gel as well. Much is made of the fact that Everett is fooling around with the wife of his aware section editor (Denis Leary), but this aside provides little more than prolonged manly glaring. Everett's failing marriage is also given generous (and often questionable) coverage, bogging the narrative down further, while random sidetracks involve penitentiary workers on a lunch break, a randy homeless man whose footage seems cut from a completely different movie, and Michael McKean as a intrusive prison chaplain. What the latter is doing here is anybody's guess, especially since his comic talents aren't rewarded with any kind of a payoff.
But as long as "True Crime" sticks to Eastwood's dealings with Washington and/or Woods, it cranks out a fine flow of strong scenes, even when they involve twists and revelations best described as suspension of disbelief-reliant; this must be the first cinematic mystery, for example, to hinge upon the location of a rack of potato chips, while a key clue turns up with "something fishy here" literally _inscribed_ on it elsewhere. Swallow goofiness like this and "True Crime" ranks as serviceable matinee fare, as cool and cozy as it comes. It could be Eastwood's relaxed-as-blue-jeans ardor paired with the overt plot familiarity, but this must be the most comfortable race-against-the-clock scenario ever.
© 1999 Jamie Peck E-mail<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Visit The Reel Deal Online: http://www.gl.umbc.edu/~jpeck1/ "There is possibly an audience for this movie, but I have the oddest feeling that on opening night the people in the theater will all be in black and white. See ‘Pleasantville' if you wonder what I mean. In fact, see ‘Pleasantville' anyway." -Roger Ebert on "I'll Be Home for Christmas"
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Gearpump Internals
Actor Hiearachy?
Everything in the diagram is an actor; they fall into two categories, Cluster Actors and Application Actors.
Cluster Actors
Worker: Maps to a physical worker machine. It is responsible for managing resources and report metrics on that machine.
Master: Heart of the cluster, which manages workers, resources, and applications. The main function is delegated to three child actors, App Manager, Worker Manager, and Resource Scheduler.
Application Actors:
AppMaster: Responsible to schedule the tasks to workers and manage the state of the application. Different applications have different AppMaster instances and are isolated.
Executor: Child of AppMaster, represents a JVM process. Its job is to manage the life cycle of tasks and recover the tasks in case of failure.
Task: Child of Executor, does the real job. Every task actor has a global unique address. One task actor can send data to any other task actors. This gives us great flexibility of how the computation DAG is distributed.
All actors in the graph are weaved together with actor supervision, and actor watching and every error is handled properly via supervisors. In a master, a risky job is isolated and delegated to child actors, so it’s more robust. In the application, an extra intermediate layer “Executor” is created so that we can do fine-grained and fast recovery in case of task failure. A master watches the lifecycle of AppMaster and worker to handle the failures, but the life cycle of Worker and AppMaster are not bound to a Master Actor by supervision, so that Master node can fail independently. Several Master Actors form an Akka cluster, the Master state is exchanged using the Gossip protocol in a conflict-free consistent way so that there is no single point of failure. With this hierarchy design, we are able to achieve high availability.
Application Clock and Global Clock Service
Global clock service will track the minimum time stamp of all pending messages in the system. Every task will update its own minimum-clock to global clock service; the minimum-clock of task is decided by the minimum of:
- Minimum time stamp of all pending messages in the inbox.
- Minimum time stamp of all un-acked outgoing messages. When there is message loss, the minimum clock will not advance.
- Minimum clock of all task states. If the state is accumulated by a lot of input messages, then the clock value is decided by the oldest message’s timestamp. The state clock will advance by doing snapshots to persistent storage or by fading out the effect of old messages.
The global clock service will keep track of all task minimum clocks effectively and maintain a global view of minimum clock. The global minimum clock value is monotonically increasing; it means that all source messages before this clock value have been processed. If there is message loss or task crash, the global minimum clock will stop.
How do we optimize the message passing performance?
For streaming application, message passing performance is extremely important. For example, one streaming platform may need to process millions of messages per second with millisecond level latency. High throughput and low latency is not that easy to achieve. There are a number of challenges:
First Challenge: Network is not efficient for small messages
In streaming, typical message size is very small, usually less than 100 bytes per message, like the floating car GPS data. But network efficiency is very bad when transferring small messages. As you can see in below diagram, when message size is 50 bytes, it can only use 20% bandwidth. How to improve the throughput?
Second Challenge: Message overhead is too big
For each message sent between two actors, it contains sender and receiver actor path. When sending over the wire, the overhead of this ActorPath is not trivial. For example, the below actor path takes more than 200 bytes.
akka.tcp://system1@<IP_ADDRESS>:51582/remote/akka.tcp/2120193a-e10b-474e-bccb-8ebc4b3a0247@<IP_ADDRESS>:48948/remote/akka.tcp/system2@<IP_ADDRESS>:43676/user/master/Worker1/app_0_executor_0/group_1_task_0#-768886794
How do we solve this?
We implement a custom Netty transportation layer with Akka extension. In the below diagram, Netty Client will translate ActorPath to TaskId, and Netty Server will translate it back. Only TaskId will be passed on wire, it is only about 10 bytes, the overhead is minimized. Different Netty Client Actors are isolated; they will not block each other.
For performance, effective batching is really the key! We group multiple messages to a single batch and send it on the wire. The batch size is not fixed; it is adjusted dynamically based on network status. If the network is available, we will flush pending messages immediately without waiting; otherwise we will put the message in a batch and trigger a timer to flush the batch later.
How do we do flow Control?
Without flow control, one task can easily flood another task with too many messages, causing out of memory error. Typical flow control will use a TCP-like sliding window, so that source and target can run concurrently without blocking each other.
Figure: Flow control, each task is “star” connected to input tasks and output tasks
The difficult part for our problem is that each task can have multiple input tasks and output tasks. The input and output must be geared together so that the back pressure can be properly propagated from downstream to upstream. The flow control also needs to consider failures, and it needs to be able to recover when there is message loss. Another challenge is that the overhead of flow control messages can be big. If we ack every message, there will be huge amount of ack’d messages in the system, degrading streaming performance. The approach we adopted is to use explicit AckRequest message. The target tasks will only ack back when they receive the AckRequest message, and the source will only send AckRequest when it feels necessary. With this approach, we can largely reduce the overhead.
How do we detect message loss?
For example, for web ads, we may charge for every click, we don’t want to miscount. The streaming platform needs to effectively track what messages have been lost, and recover as fast as possible.
Figure: Message Loss Detection
We use the flow control message AckRequest and Ack to detect message loss. The target task will count how many messages has been received since last AckRequest, and ack the count back to source task. The source task will check the count and find message loss. This is just an illustration, the real case is more difficulty, we need to handle zombie tasks, and in-the-fly stale messages.
How Gearpump know what messages to replay?
In some applications, a message cannot be lost, and must be replayed. For example, during the money transfer, the bank will SMS us the verification code. If that message is lost, the system must replay it so that money transfer can continue. We made the decision to use source end message storage and time stamp based replay.
Figure: Replay with Source End Message Store
Every message is immutable, and tagged with a timestamp. We have an assumption that the timestamp is approximately incremental (allow small ratio message disorder).
We assume the message is coming from a replay-able source, like Kafka queue; otherwise the message will be stored at customizable source end “message store”. When the source task sends the message downstream, the timestamp and offset of the message is also check-pointed to offset-timestamp storage periodically. During recovery, the system will first retrieve the right time stamp and offset from the offset-timestamp storage, then it will replay the message store from that time stamp and offset. A Timestamp Filter will filter out old messages in case the message in message store is not strictly time-ordered.
Master High Availability
In a distributed streaming system, any part can fail. The system must stay responsive and do recovery in case of errors.
Figure: Master High Availability
We use Akka clustering to implement the Master high availability. The cluster consists of several master nodes, but no worker nodes. With clustering facilities, we can easily detect and handle the failure of master node crash. The master state is replicated on all master nodes with the Typesafe akka-data-replication library, when one master node crashes, another standby master will read the master state and take over. The master state contains the submission data of all applications. If one application dies, a master can use that state to recover that application. CRDT LwwMap is used to represent the state; it is a hash map that can converge on distributed nodes without conflict. To have strong data consistency, the state read and write must happen on a quorum of master nodes.
How we do handle failures?
With Akka’s powerful actor supervision, we can implement a resilient system relatively easy. In Gearpump, different applications have a different AppMaster instance, they are totally isolated from each other. For each application, there is a supervision tree, AppMaster->Executor->Task. With this supervision hierarchy, we can free ourselves from the headache of zombie process, for example if AppMaster is down, Akka supervisor will ensure the whole tree is shutting down.
There are multiple possible failure scenarios
Figure: Possible Failure Scenarios and Error Supervision Hierarchy
What happen when Master Crash?
When Master crash, other standby masters will be notified, they will resume the master state, and take over control. Worker and AppMaster will also be notified, They will trigger a process to find the new active master, until the resolution complete. If AppMaster or Worker cannot resolve a new Master in a time out, they will make suicide and kill themselves.
What happen When worker crash?
When worker crash, the Master will get notified and stop scheduling new computation to this worker. All supervised executors on current worker will be killed, AppMaster can treat it as recovery of executor crash like What happen when executor crash?
What happen when AppMaster Crash?
If a AppMaster crashes, Master will schedule a new resource to create a new AppMaster Instance elsewhere, and then the AppMaster will handle the recovery inside the application. For streaming, it will recover the latest min clock and other state from disk, request resources from master to start executors, and restart the tasks with recovered min clock.
What happen when executor crash?
If an Executor Crashes, its supervisor AppMaster will get notified, and request a new resource from the active master to start a new executor, to run the tasks which were located on the crashed executor.
What happen when task crash?
If a task throws an exception, its supervisor executor will restart that Task.
When “at least once” message delivery is enabled, it will trigger the message replaying in the case of message loss. First AppMaster will read the latest minimum clock from the global clock service(or clock storage if the clock service crashes), then AppMaster will restart all the task actors to get a fresh task state, then the source end tasks will replay messages from that minimum clock.
How exactly once work?
For some applications, it is extremely important to do “exactly once” message delivery. For example, for a real-time billing system, we will not want to bill the customer twice. The goal of “exactly once” message delivery is to make sure: The error doesn’t accumulate, today’s error will not be accumulated to tomorrow. Transparent to application developer We use global clock to synchronize the distributed transactions. We assume every message from the data source will have a unique timestamp, the timestamp can be a part of the message body, or can be attached later with system clock when the message is injected into the streaming system. With this global synchronized clock, we can coordinate all tasks to checkpoint at same timestamp.
Figure: Checkpointing and Exactly-Once Message delivery
Workflow to do state checkpointing:
- The coordinator asks the streaming system to do checkpoint at timestamp Tc.
- For each application task, it will maintain two states, checkpoint state and current state. Checkpoint state only contains information before timestamp Tc. Current state contains all information.
- When global minimum clock is larger than Tc, it means all messages older than Tc has been processed; the checkpoint state will no longer change, so we will then persist the checkpoint state to storage safely.
- When there is message loss, we will start the recovery process.
- To recover, load the latest checkpoint state from store, and then use it to restore the application status.
- Data source replays messages from the checkpoint timestamp.
The checkpoint interval is determined by global clock service dynamically. Each data source will track the max timestamp of input messages. Upon receiving min clock updates, the data source will report the time delta back to global clock service. The max time delta is the upper bound of the application state timespan. The checkpoint interval is bigger than max delta time:
Figure: How to determine Checkpoint Interval
After the checkpoint interval is notified to tasks by global clock service, each task will calculate its next checkpoint timestamp autonomously without global synchronization.
For each task, it contains two states, checkpoint state and current state. The code to update the state is shown in listing below.
TaskState(stateStore, initialTimeStamp):
currentState = stateStore.load(initialTimeStamp)
checkpointState = currentState.clone
checkpointTimestamp = nextCheckpointTimeStamp(initialTimeStamp)
onMessage(msg):
if (msg.timestamp < checkpointTimestamp):
checkpointState.updateMessage(msg)
currentState.updateMessage(msg)
maxClock = max(maxClock, msg.timeStamp)
onMinClock(minClock):
if (minClock > checkpointTimestamp):
stateStore.persist(checkpointState)
checkpointTimeStamp = nextCheckpointTimeStamp(maxClock)
checkpointState = currentState.clone
onNewCheckpointInterval(newStep):
step = newStep
nextCheckpointTimeStamp(timestamp):
checkpointTimestamp = (1 + timestamp/step) * step
List 1: Task Transactional State Implementation
What is dynamic graph, and how it works?
The DAG can be modified dynamically. We want to be able to dynamically add, remove, and replace a sub-graph.
Figure: Dynamic Graph, Attach, Replace, and Remove
At least once message delivery and Kafka
The Kafka source example project and tutorials can be found at: - Kafka connector example project - Connect with Kafka source
In this doc, we will talk about how the at least once message delivery works.
We will use the WordCount example of source tree to illustrate.
How the kafka WordCount DAG looks like:
It contains three processors:
- KafkaStreamProducer(or KafkaSource) will read message from kafka queue.
- Split will split lines to words
- Sum will summarize the words to get a count for each word.
How to read data from Kafka
We use KafkaSource, please check Connect with Kafka source for the introduction.
Please note that we have set a startTimestamp for the KafkaSource, which means KafkaSource will read from Kafka queue starting from messages whose timestamp is near startTimestamp.
What happen where there is Task crash or message loss?
When there is message loss, the AppMaster will first pause the global clock service so that the global minimum timestamp no longer change, then it will restart the Kafka source tasks. Upon restart, Kafka Source will start to replay. It will first read the global minimum timestamp from AppMaster, and start to read message from that timestamp.
What method KafkaSource used to read messages from a start timestamp? As we know Kafka queue doesn’t expose the timestamp information.
Kafka queue only expose the offset information for each partition. What KafkaSource do is to maintain its own mapping from Kafka offset to Application timestamp, so that we can map from a application timestamp to a Kafka offset, and replay Kafka messages from that Kafka offset.
The mapping between Application timestmap with Kafka offset is stored in a distributed file system or as a Kafka topic.