The interaction of continuous and discrete event models is necessarily discrete. For example, a digital thermometer reports temperature in discrete increments, electrical switches are either open or closed, a threshold sensor is either tripped or it is not. Discrete interactions in a combined continuous-discrete event simulation are managed just as before: the models interact by producing output events and reacting to input events.
If, on the other hand, two systems interact continuously, then those interacting parts are modeled with continuous equations. In this case, accurate simulation is greatly facilitated by lumping the two systems into a single assembly. In Adevs this assembly is an Atomic model that encapsulates the system's continuous dynamics. The essence of this approach to combined simulation in Adevs consists therefore of building atomic models that i) approximate the behavior of the continuous systems and ii) generates and consumes events at the instants when the continuous system interacts with a discrete event one.
There are three possibly outcomes of this lumping process. One possibility is that we end up with a single assembly. In this case our model is essentially continuous and we are probably better off using a simulation tool for continuous systems. At the other extreme, we find that the continuous parts of our model are very simple, yielding to analytical solutions that are easily transformed into discrete event models. Between these extremes are models with continuous dynamics that are not simple but do not dominate the modeling problem. The continuous system simulation part of Adevs is aimed at this type of model.
This model has two continuous state variables: the height and the velocity of the cherry bomb. Between events, these variables are governed by the pair of differential equations
Equations 7.1, 7.2, and 7.3 are the state variable derivatives, and these equations are implemented in the der_func method of the ode_system class. The signature for this method is
void der_func(const double* q, double* dq)The q pointer is the array of state variable values: , , and . The dq pointer is the array of state variable derivatives: , , and . When the simulator calls der_func, it supplies q. In response, the method computes the values of , , and and stores them in the dq array.
Equation 7.4 is a state event condition and it is implemented in two parts. The state_event_func method implements the `if' part (left hand side) of the condition. The signature of this method is
void state_event_func(const double *q, double *z)Again, the supplied q array contains the current state variable values. These are used to evaluate the state event condition and store the result in the z array. The simulator detects state events by looking for changes in the sign of the z array entries. Note that the event condition should be continuous in the state variables on which it depends. In the case of the cherry bomb this is simple to do. We simply use if and if .
The `then' part (right hand side) is implemented with the internal_event method, which the simulator invokes when the state event condition is true. The signature of this method is
void internal_event(double *q, const bool *state_event)where the q array contains the value of the state variables at the event. The entries of the array state_event are true for each z in the state event condition array that evaluates to zero. This array therefore has one entry for each state event condition, and it has one additional entry to indicate time events, which are described below.
The cherry bomb has one discrete state variable with three possible values: the fuse is lit, the fuse is not lit, and the bomb is exploded. This variable changes in response to two events. The first event is when the bomb explodes. This is a time event that we know will occur 2 seconds from the time that the fuse it lit. The time_event_func method is used to schedule the explosion by returning the time remaining until the fuse burns out. The signature of the of this method is
double time_event_func(const double* q)As before, the q array has the current value of the state variables. The time_event_func is similar to the ta method. It is used to schedule autonomous events based on the current value of the model's state variables. When this time expires, the simulator calls the internal_event method with the last flag in the state event array set to true.
The second event that can change the state of the fuse is dousing with water. This an external event. External events occur when input arrives at the model. The external_event method implements the response of the cherry bomb to dousing with water. Its signature is
void external_event(double *q, double e, const Bag<X> &xb)The array q contains the values of the continuous state variables, e is the time since the last discrete event, and xb is the bag of input. The douse event is an input and it appears in the input bag xb when and if the event occurs.
As before, it is possible for an external and internal event to coincide. When this happens, the simulator calls the method confluent_event. Its signature is
void confluent_event (double *q, const bool *state_event, const Bag<X> &xb)and its arguments are as described for the internal and external methods.
The cherry bomb produces an output event when it explodes, and the output_func method is used for this purpose. Its signature is
void output_func(const double *q, const bool *state_event, Bag<X> &yb)The q and state_event arguments are as described for the internal_event method, and the bag yb is to be filled with the model's output. As with an Atomic model, the output_func is always invoked immediately prior to the internal_event and confluent_event methods.
All that remains in the implementation is the gc_output for collecting garbage, a constructor, and a method for initializing the continuous state variables. The gc_output method works identically to that of the Atomic class. The constructor for the cherry bomb must call the constructor of its ode_system base class. The signature of this method is
ode_system (int N_vars, int M_event_funcs)where N_vars is the number of entries in the q and dq arrays (i.e., the number of continuous state variables) and M_event_funcs is the number of entries in the z and state_event arrays (plus one for the time event). For the cherry bomb, N_vars is three and M_event_funcs is one.
The constructor for the cherry bomb does not initialize the continuous state variables. Instead, the simulator calls its init method whose signature is
void init(double* q)where q is an array that should be filled with the initial values for the continuous variables , , and . The complete implementation of the CherryBomb is listed below.
#include "adevs.h" #include <iostream> using namespace std; using namespace adevs; // Array indices for the CherryBomb state variables #define H 0 #define V 1 #define T 2 // Discrete variable enumeration for the CherryBomb typedef enum { FUSE_LIT, DOUSE, EXPLODE } Phase; class CherryBomb: public ode_system<string> { public: CherryBomb():ode_system<string>( 3, // three state variables including time 1 // 1 state event condition ) { phase = FUSE_LIT; // Light the fuse! } void init(double *q) { q[H] = 1.0; // Initial height q[V] = 0.0; // Initial velocity q[T] = 0.0; // Start time at zero } void der_func(const double* q, double* dq) { dq[V] = -9.8; dq[H] = q[V]; dq[T] = 1.0; } void state_event_func(const double* q, double *z) { // Test for hitting the ground. if (q[V] < 0.0) z[0] = q[H]; else z[0] = 1.0; } double time_event_func(const double* q) { if (q[T] < 2.0) return 2.0 - q[T]; // Explode at time 2 else return DBL_MAX; // Don't do anything after that } void external_event(double* q, double e, const Bag<string>& xb) { phase = DOUSE; // Any input is a douse event } void internal_event(double* q, const bool* state_event) { if (state_event[0]) q[V] = -q[V]; // Bounce! if (state_event[1]) phase = EXPLODE; } void confluent_event(double* q, const bool* state_event, const Bag<string>& xb) { internal_event(q,state_event); external_event(q,0.0,xb); } void output_func(const double *q, const bool* state_event, Bag<string>& yb) { if (state_event[1] && phase == FUSE_LIT) yb.insert("BOOM!"); // Explode! } void postStep(const double* q) { // Write the current state to std out cout << q[T] << " " << q[H] << " " << q[V] << " " << phase << endl; } // No garbage collection is needed void gc_output(Bag<string>&){} // Get the current value of the discrete variable Phase getPhase() { return phase; } private: Phase phase; };
The CherryBomb itself is not derived from Atomic and so cannot be simulated directly. Rather, it is given to a Hybrid object, which is a kind of Atomic, that generators the trajectories for the model. This Hybrid object is used just like any other Atomic model. Input to this Hybrid object triggers an input event for the ode_system that is contains. Likewise, output from the ode_system becomes output from the Hybrid object. Most importantly, the hybrid model can be part of any network of discrete event models.
A Hybrid object is provided with three things when it is constructed. First is the ode_system itself. Second is an ode_solver that produces the model's continuous trajectories. Adevs has two types of ode_solvers: a corrected_euler solver that uses the corrected Euler method and a rk_45 solver that uses a fourth/fifth order Runge-Kutta method. Third is an event_locator that finds the location of state events as the simulation progresses. Adevs has two these: the linear_event_locator and bisection_event_locator. The code below shows how these are used to create and simulate a Hybrid object.
int main() { // Create the model CherryBomb* bomb = new CherryBomb(); // Create the ODE solver for this model. Maximum error // tolerance at each step is 1E-4 and the maximum // size of an integration step is 0.01. ode_solver<string>* ode_solve = new corrected_euler<string>(bomb,1E-4,0.01); // Create the event locator for this model. Maximum // error tolerance for the location of an event in // the state space is 1E-8. event_locator<string>* event_find = new linear_event_locator<string>(bomb,1E-8); // Create an atomic model that puts all of these // together to simulate the continuous system. Hybrid<string>* model = new Hybrid<string>(bomb,ode_solve,event_find); // Create and run a simulator for this model Simulator<string>* sim = new Simulator<string>(model); while (bomb->getPhase() == FUSE_LIT) sim->execNextEvent(); delete sim; delete bomb; return 0; }
Figure 7.1 shows the cherry bomb's trajectory from to its explosion at . This plot was produced using the simulation program listed above. There are two bounce events at and . The cherry bomb explodes abruptly at the start of its third descent.
To take advantage of the Modelica language, you will need to get and install from source the OpenModelica compiler, which is hosted at http://www.openmodelica.org/. Instructions for building the compiler, source code for the compiler, and other information on the Modelica language are available from the Open Modelica group and at the Modelica Associate website https://www.modelica.org/. Instructions for building the adevs runtime environment for OpenModelica may be found in the README file in the top level of directory of the adevs package.
The adevs runtime environment for OpenModelica is relatively new, but aims to support most of the functionality of the standard OpenModelica runtime system with the following important caveats:
Assuming you have a working compiler, you may generate an adevs model with the command 'omc +s +simCodeTarget=Adevs myModel.mo' where myModel.mo is the name of your Modelica model file. The adevs/examples/modelica directory has several examples of Modelica models and instructions for compiling them. One such model is shown here to demonstrate the general approach to hybrid modeling with adevs and OpenModelica. The code and makefiles for this example can be found in the adevs/examples/modelica directory.
Consider a simple circuit that consists of a voltage source connected to a resistor with its other terminal grounded (i.e., Voltage source - resistor - ground). The voltage source has a set point Vref that is controlled discretely. The equation governing the behavior of the voltage source is
connector Pin flow Real i; Real v; end Pin; partial model OnePin Pin T; end OnePin; partial model TwoPin Pin T1; Pin T2; end TwoPin; class Resistor extends TwoPin; parameter Real R(start=1); equation T1.v-T2.v = T1.i*R; T1.i + T2.i = 0; end Resistor; class Ground extends OnePin; equation T.v = 0; end Ground; class VoltageSource extends OnePin; parameter Real Vref(start=0); equation der(T.v) = if Vref > T.v then (abs(Vref-T.v))^(1.0/3.0) else -(abs(Vref-T.v))^(1.0/3.0); initial equation der(T.v) = 0; end VoltageSource; class Circuit VoltageSource V; Resistor R; Ground Gnd; equation connect(V.T,R.T1); connect(R.T2,Gnd.T); end Circuit;
To compile this model, issue the command 'omc +s +simCodeTarget=Adevs Circuit.mo'. This creates a C++ class called Circuit. Two files are created that implement this class: Circuit.h and Circuit.cpp. The header file is the most informative, and an abbreviated listing is shown below.
#ifndef __omc_Circuit_h_ #define __omc_Circuit_h_ #include "adevs.h" /** * Define the input and output type of the adevs models. */ #ifndef OMC_ADEVS_IO_TYPE #define OMC_ADEVS_IO_TYPE double #endif /** * Simulation code for Circuit * generated by the OpenModelica Compiler. */ class Circuit: public adevs::ode_system<OMC_ADEVS_IO_TYPE> { public: /** * Constructor. New state events can be added to the model by * passing the number of new event conditions to the constructor * and then extending the state_event_func method. Your state * events will begin at the index returned by numStateEvents(). */ Circuit(int extra_state_events = 0); /// Destructor ~Circuit(); /// Index of the first extra state event int numStateEvents() const { return 1; } /** * These methods are generated by the OpenModelica compiler. */ void init(double* q); void der_func(const double* q, double* dq); void postStep(const double* q); void state_event_func(const double* q, double* z); /** * These methods may be overridden by any derived class. */ virtual void extra_state_event_funcs(double* z){} double time_event_func(const double* q) { return DBL_MAX; } void internal_event(double* q, const bool* state_event); void external_event(double* q, double e, const adevs::Bag<OMC_ADEVS_IO_TYPE>& xb){} void confluent_event(double *q, const bool* state_event, const adevs::Bag<OMC_ADEVS_IO_TYPE>& xb){} void output_func(const double *q, const bool* state_event, adevs::Bag<OMC_ADEVS_IO_TYPE>& yb){} void gc_output(adevs::Bag<OMC_ADEVS_IO_TYPE>& gb){} /** * These methods are used to access variables and * parameters in the modelica model by name. */ double get_time() const { return timeValue; } double get_$PV$PT$Pv() const { return $PV$PT$Pv; } double get_$P$DER$PV$PT$Pv() const { return $P$DER$PV$PT$Pv; } double get_$PGnd$PT$Pi() const { return $PGnd$PT$Pi; } double get_$PR$PT2$Pv() const { return $PR$PT2$Pv; } double get_$PGnd$PT$Pv() const { return $PGnd$PT$Pv; } double get_$PV$PVref() const { return $PV$PVref; } double get_$PR$PR() const { return $PR$PR; } protected: /** * Calculate the values of the state and algebraic variables. * State variables will be initialized to q if provided, * or left unchanged if not. */ void update_vars(const double* q = NULL, bool doReinit = false); /** * These methods may be used to change parameters * and state variables at events. Remember to call * update_vars(q,true) if you change anything. */ void set_$PV$PT$Pv(double* q, double val) { q[0] = $PV$PT$Pv=val; } void set_$PV$PVref(double val) { $PV$PVref=val; } void set_$PR$PR(double val) { $PR$PR=val; } }; #endif
This Circuit class can be used as is or (as I will soon show) be extended to add new, discrete event dynamics to it. The major features of this class are as follows:
For this example, the circuit class is extended to accept as input discrete changes to Vref and to produce as output the voltage when Vref is reached. These new behaviors are implemented in a derived class called CircuitExt, which adds the following:
/** * This class extends the Modelica Circuit model to * add an output when v = Vref and to adjust Vref * on receiving discrete input. */ class CircuitExt: public Circuit { public: CircuitExt(): Circuit(1), // Add one state event to the base class atVref(false) // Flag to indicate when Vref is reached { } /** * Compute the extra state event. */ void extra_state_event_funcs(double* z) { if (!atVref) z[0] = get_$PV$PT$Pv()-get_$PV$PVref(); else z[0] = 1.0; } /** * Indicate that Vref has been reached when that event * occurs. */ void internal_event(double* q, const bool* event_flags) { // Apply the internal event function of the base class Circuit::internal_event(q,event_flags); // If this is the extra state event, then set atVref to true if (event_flags[numStateEvents()]) atVref = true; } /** * Change Vref on receiving input. */ void external_event(double* q, double e, const Bag<double>& xb) { // Apply the external event function of the base class Circuit::external_event(q,e,xb); // Set the reference voltage and indicate that we are no longer // at the reference. set_$PV$PVref(*(xb.begin())); atVref = false; // Reinitialize the continuous model. This is really only necessary // if your discrete event may result in new values for the // state variables (discrete or continuous) of the modelica model. update_vars(q,true); } void confluent_event(double* q, const bool * event_flags, const Bag<double>& xb) { internal_event(q,event_flags); external_event(q,0.0,xb); } void output_func(const double* q, const bool* event_flags, Bag<double>& yb) { // If this was the reference being reached, then // output the current value of the voltage. if (event_flags[numStateEvents()]) { yb.insert(get_$PV$PT$Pv()); cerr << "Reached Vref=" << get_$PV$PT$Pv() << " @ t=" << get_time() << endl; } } void print_state() { cout << get_time() << " " << // Print the time get_$PV$PT$Pv() << " " << // The voltage get_$PGnd$PT$Pi() << " " << // Current through the resistor endl; } private: bool atVref; };
The main function for a simulation of this model is shown below. The main simulation routine injects an event at and runs the simulation for another two seconds to . A plot of the trajectory for this model and its input and output events are shown in Fig. 7.2 below.
int main() { // Create the circuit CircuitExt* model = new CircuitExt(); // Create an atomic model to simulate it Hybrid<OMC_ADEVS_IO_TYPE>* hybrid_model = new Hybrid<OMC_ADEVS_IO_TYPE>( model, new corrected_euler<OMC_ADEVS_IO_TYPE>(model,1E-5,0.01), new linear_event_locator<OMC_ADEVS_IO_TYPE>(model,1E-5)); // Create the simulator Simulator<OMC_ADEVS_IO_TYPE>* sim = new Simulator<OMC_ADEVS_IO_TYPE>(hybrid_model); model->print_state(); // Simulate to t = 1 while (sim->nextEventTime() <= 1.0) { sim->execNextEvent(); model->print_state(); } // Inject an input Bag<Event<double> > input_bag; input_bag.insert(Event<double>(hybrid_model,0.5)); sim->computeNextState(input_bag,1.0); // Simulate from t=1 to t=5 while (sim->nextEventTime() <= 3.0) { sim->execNextEvent(); model->print_state(); } // Done, cleanup delete sim; delete hybrid_model; return 0; }


Release 3 had the notion of multiple language modes: iso
and
sicstus
. Release 4 does not have this notion. The syntax and
semantics of the Prolog language correspond to the previous
iso
language mode.
The exact rules for translating DCG rules to plain Prolog clauses have not been laid down in a standard, but there is a broad consensus in the Prolog community about what they should mean. One of the guiding principles is that the translation should be steadfast, in particular that the translated code should always treat its last argument as an output argument and not use it “too early”. In some cases, a non-steadfast translation was produced in release 3. This has been corrected in release 4.
In release 3, terms containing attributed variables and blocked goals
could be asserted, copied, and gathered as solutions to
findall/3
and similar predicates. The copy would contain new
attributed variables with the attributes copied.
This operation could be very expensive, could yield unexpected results
and was not always safe e.g. in the context of CLPFD constraints.
In release 4, the semantics of this operation has changed: in the
copy, an attributed variable is simply replaced by a plain, brand new
variable. Of course, if the same attributed variable occurs more than
once, the same plain variable will occur in the corresponding places
in the copy. If the attributes are relevant, the program can obtain
them by using the new built-in predicate copy_term/3
described below.
The infix operator `#' (bitwise exclusive or) has been renamed to `\'.
Atoms can now contain the NUL
character, i.e. character code
zero. It is classified as white space and must therefore be entered
using escapes. As an example 'a\0\a'
is a three character atom
containing two a
s separated by a NUL
.
Internally, atom names and other encoded strings, use the non-shortest
form `0xC0 0x80' to encode NUL
. This is similar to how NUL
is handled by Tcl/Tk and Java.
The language
and wcx
Prolog flag have been dropped.
The following Prolog flag is new:
quoted_charset
The wcx
property has been dropped.
The following properties are new:
encoding_signature/1
encoding/1
wcx/1
option of release 3.
eol/1
The following keywords are new:
total_runtime
defragmentation
The set of built-in predicates has changed slightly. The following predicates have been removed:
'C'/3
get0/[1,2]
put/[1,2]
get/[1,2]
tab/[1,2]
skip/[1,2]
get0/[1,2]
and put/[1,2]
.
We have provided skip_char/[1,2]
, skip_code/[1,2]
, and
skip_byte/[1,2]
as an ISO style replacement for
skip/[1,2]
.
ttyget0/1
ttyget/1
ttynl/0
ttyput/1
ttyskip/1
ttytab/1
ttyflush/0
user
argument. In most cases, the “respective
predicate” is one of the non-ISO style predicate mentioned above, so
there was no point in keeping the shorthand.
fileerrors/0
nofileerrors/0
set_prolog_flag/2
with
specific arguments, and so can be trivially replaced.
call_residue/2
call_residue_vars/2
, which should
suffice in most cases where call_residue/2
was used; see below.
undo/1
prolog:undo/1
. The argument should
have a module prefix.
help/0
version/0
version/1
fcompile/1
load/1
load_foreign_files/2
require/1
:- use_module/2
directives, and so the shorthand was dropped.
The following predicates have been added:
call/
Ncall/1
. For example, call(p(1,2), a, b)
is
equivalent to call(p(1,2, a, b))
.
skip_char/[1,2]
skip_code/[1,2]
skip_byte/[1,2]
skip/[1,2]
.
call_residue_vars/2
call_residue_vars(:Goal, -Vars)
Executes the procedure call Goal, unifying Vars with
the list of residual variables that have blocked goals or attributes
attached to them.
copy_term/3
copy_term(+Term, -Copy, -Body)
Makes a copy of Term
in which all variables have been replaced by new variables
that occur nowhere outside the newly created term.
If Term contains attributed variables,
Body is unified with a term such that executing Body
will reinstate equivalent attributes on the variables in Copy.
Otherwise, Body is unified with true
.
Some predicates have been changed slightly; in most cases, this affects predicates that take a list of options.
[
F1,
F2,...]
load_files([
F1,
F2,...])
.
is_mutable/1
is_mutable/1
has been renamed to
mutable/1
, in analogy with integer/1
, atom/1
etc.
module/1
module/1
has been renamed to
set_module/1
, to avoid possible confusion with the
module/2
declaration.
format/[2,3]
format/[2,3]
, the semantics of the `~@'
spec has changed slightly: the goal Arg is called as if by
\+ \+
Arg, i.e. any bindings made by the goal are lost.
close/2
direction/1
open/4
wcx/1
option has been dropped.
Takes new options:
encoding_signature/1
encoding/1
eol/1
if_exists/1
absolute_file_name/3
ignore_underscores/1
option has been dropped.
The file_type/1
option value ql
has been dropped,
whereas the option value executable
is new.
The access/1
option values execute
,
executable
and search
are new.
The glob/1
option is new, allowing to match file names against a
pattern.
load_files/2
load_type/1
option value ql
has been dropped.
encoding_signature/1
, encoding/1
, subsuming the wcx/1
option of
release 3, and eol/1
, are new options, corresponding to the
respective stream properties.
write_term/3
quoted_charset/1
option is new, reflecting the value of the
Prolog flag with the same name.
halt/1
halt/1
now raises an internal exception like
halt/0
. This gives surrounding Prolog and C code an opportunity
to perform cleanup.
profile_data/4
[calls,choice_points,instructions]
.
The Resolution argument now takes one of the values: [predicate,clause]
.
The hook user:term_expansion/[2,4]
is replaced by the hook:
user:term_expansion(Term1, Layout1, Tokens, Term2, Layout2, [Token|Tokens]).
The purpose of the new argument Tokens is to support multiple, independent expansion rules. The purpose of the arguments Layout1 and Layout2 is to support source-linked debugging of term-expanded code. Each expansion rule should have its unique identifying token Token.
The hook user:goal_expansion/3
is replaced by the following per-module hook:
M:goal_expansion(Term1, Layout1, Module, Term2, Layout2).
Typically, Module has imported the predicate Term1 from module M. The purpose of the arguments Layout1 and Layout2 is to support source-linked debugging of goal-expanded code.


execline
Software
skarnet.org
The forbacktickx program
forbacktickx runs a program and uses its output as loop elements to
run another program.
Interface
In an execlineb script:
forbacktickx [ -E | -e ] [ -p | -o okcodes | -x breakcodes ] [ -N | -n ] [ -C | -c ] [ -0 | -d delim ] variable { gen... } loop...
- forbacktickx reads a
block,
gen..., and unquotes it.
- It runs gen... as a child process. gen's
output must not contain a null character.
- It reads gen's output as it needs,
splitting it automatically.
- For every argument x in the split output,
forbacktickx runs loop... as a child process, with
variable=x added to its environment.
- forbacktickx then exits 0.
Options
- -p : parallel mode. Do not wait for a loop...
instance to finish before spawning the next one. forbacktickx will
still wait for all instances of loop to terminate before
exiting, though.
- -o okcodes : okcodes must
be a comma-separated list of exit codes. If the -p flag
hasn't been given and loop exits with one of the codes in
okcodes,
forbacktickx will run the following instances of the loop, but if the exit code is
not listed in okcodes, forbacktickx will exit immediately with an
approximation of the same exit code.
- -x breakcodes : like the previous
option, but with inverted meaning - the listed exit codes are codes
that will make forbacktickx break the loop and exit, and the unlisted exit
codes will make it keep looping.
- -e : no autoimport. This is the default.
- -E : autoimport. Instead of spawning
loop..., spawn importas -ui variable variable
loop.... This substitutes variable into the command
line instead of putting it into the environment.
Other options are similar (in name and functionality) to the switches
passed to control a substitution mechanism,
on purpose; however, forbacktickx does not call the substitution
mechanism and has its own semantics for those options.
- -N : store the whole line in variable,
including the terminating newline (or other delimiter).
- -n : chomp a terminating delimiter from the line from
stdin before storing it into variable. This is the default.
- -C : crunch. If there is an empty line (i.e. that
only contains a delimiter), do not call loop. If this option is
given, and chomping is active, and the last line of stdin
is not terminated by a delimiter, then this last line will not be processed.
- -c : do not crunch, call loop even if
the line is empty. This is the default.
- -0 : accept null characters on its stdin,
using them as delimiters. If this option and a -d option are
used simultaneously, the rightmost one wins.
- -d delim : use the characters in string
delim as delimiters for a line. Default is "\n", meaning
the input is only split on newlines.
Notes
- You can start loop... with "importas -u variable variable"
to perform variable substitution.
- forbacktickx is now implemented as a wrapper around the
pipeline and
forstdin commands, with calls to
fdmove to ensure that loop... is called
with the proper standard input.


My title
Hello there, awesome person!
social media sites
games sites
my favourite site is
github
docker
learning sites


You are set up to use the example git repository. If you would like to modify the source code, fork the
A GitHub webhook trigger has been created for the {{$ctrl.createdBuildConfig.metadata.name}} build config.
You can configure the webhook in the forked repository's settings, using the following payload URL:
You can now set up the webhook in the GitHub repository settings if you own it, in {{$ctrl.createdBuildConfig.spec.source.git.uri | githubLink}}/settings/hooks, using the following payload URL and specifying a Content type of application/json
:
Your source does not appear to be a URL to a GitHub repository. If you have a GitHub repository that you want to trigger this build from then use the following payload URL and specifying a Content type of application/json
:
These parameters often include things like passwords. If you will need to reference these values later, copy them to a safe location. Parameters {{paramName}}, were generated automatically. Parameter {{$ctrl.parameters.generated[0]}} was generated automatically.


First visit!
Hello there, awesome person!
www.youtube.com
www.youtube.com
My favorite site is
GitHub
!


São Tomé is the capital of the country and is its main port. It lies on the north east side of the island.


Examples
SAP, Axapta, 1C 8.2 or later
Oracle, MS SQL, Postgres + UI (Java, .Net, Delphi)
Java Spring, .NET
MS Access, Foxpro, Delphi, 1C 8.1 or earlier
Excel, Google docs
lsFusion
For developers
4
3
2
4
2
10
For administrators
5
4
4
4
2
10
For businesses
4
3
5
4
5
10


Ac0.network.store.in
Home
About
IP address
Ranks
discord
YouTube
Instagram
=>Ac0.Network Presents<=
Ac0.network
join discord
search box
body>


This is a simple dice game where two players have the chance to roll the dice to try and achieve a score of 100.
Name: ...
Roll Number: ...
Cummulative Roll: ...
Total points: ...
Name: ...
Roll Number: ...
Cummulative Roll: ??
Total points: ...
CHEZA-PIG-DICE Copyright©2019


- General
- This page shows you what apps are available to your channel, including both core apps and those supplied by addons. To add an app to the app menu "star" the app in the list below.
- Manage Apps
- Press the "Manage Apps" button to open a page where you can edit the name, categories, and other properties of your apps.


This is a basic description for the image in this page
This is a sample tribute page for Dr. Norman Borlaug and his work


{hotelname} Housekeeping -- Welcome {username}
Please choose an option from the menu to the left."; ?>
Hotel Statistics
Users online:
Registered Users:
Rooms:
Badges:
Favorite rooms:
Furniture:
Furniture in the catalog:
Powered by GrapeASE by Grapefruit - Design by Grapefruit
Implemented into RevCMS by Kryptos


{{ user?.name }}
{{ user?.surname }}
{{ user?.apt }}
{{ user?.phone }}
{{ user?.email }}
Your account is paired with Latch!
{{ apiError }}


{% extends 'layout.html' %} {% block pageTitle %} NHS.UK prototype kit {% endblock %} {% block beforeContent %} {% endblock %} {% block content %}
This is a close-up image of chickenpox spots on white skin. You cannot tell what part of the body is shown.
There are about 10 spots that vary in size from about 1mm to 1cm Some spots are close together.
Some of the bigger spots are raised and have scabs over them. The scabs are yellow and pink and the skin around the scab is pink. Some scabs look soft and seem to be filled with fluid.


We've worked super hard to make your Internship in hand.
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class WindowSpec extends AnyRef
A window specification that defines the partitioning, ordering, and frame boundaries.
Use the static methods in Window to create a WindowSpec.
- Annotations
- @Stable()
- Source
- WindowSpec.scala
- Since
1.4.0
- Alphabetic
- By Inheritance
- WindowSpec
- AnyRef
- Any
- Hide All
- Show All
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Value Members
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final
def
!=(arg0: Any): Boolean
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef → Any
-
final
def
##(): Int
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef → Any
-
final
def
==(arg0: Any): Boolean
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef → Any
-
final
def
asInstanceOf[T0]: T0
- Definition Classes
- Any
-
def
clone(): AnyRef
- Attributes
- protected[lang]
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef
- Annotations
- @throws( ... ) @native()
-
final
def
eq(arg0: AnyRef): Boolean
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef
-
def
equals(arg0: Any): Boolean
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef → Any
-
def
finalize(): Unit
- Attributes
- protected[lang]
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef
- Annotations
- @throws( classOf[java.lang.Throwable] )
-
final
def
getClass(): Class[_]
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef → Any
- Annotations
- @native()
-
def
hashCode(): Int
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef → Any
- Annotations
- @native()
-
final
def
isInstanceOf[T0]: Boolean
- Definition Classes
- Any
-
final
def
ne(arg0: AnyRef): Boolean
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef
-
final
def
notify(): Unit
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef
- Annotations
- @native()
-
final
def
notifyAll(): Unit
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef
- Annotations
- @native()
-
def
orderBy(cols: Column*): WindowSpec
Defines the ordering columns in a WindowSpec.
Defines the ordering columns in a WindowSpec.
- Annotations
- @varargs()
- Since
1.4.0
-
def
orderBy(colName: String, colNames: String*): WindowSpec
Defines the ordering columns in a WindowSpec.
Defines the ordering columns in a WindowSpec.
- Annotations
- @varargs()
- Since
1.4.0
-
def
partitionBy(cols: Column*): WindowSpec
Defines the partitioning columns in a WindowSpec.
Defines the partitioning columns in a WindowSpec.
- Annotations
- @varargs()
- Since
1.4.0
-
def
partitionBy(colName: String, colNames: String*): WindowSpec
Defines the partitioning columns in a WindowSpec.
Defines the partitioning columns in a WindowSpec.
- Annotations
- @varargs()
- Since
1.4.0
-
def
rangeBetween(start: Long, end: Long): WindowSpec
Defines the frame boundaries, from
start
(inclusive) toend
(inclusive).Defines the frame boundaries, from
start
(inclusive) toend
(inclusive).Both
start
andend
are relative from the current row. For example, "0" means "current row", while "-1" means one off before the current row, and "5" means the five off after the current row.We recommend users use
Window.unboundedPreceding
,Window.unboundedFollowing
, andWindow.currentRow
to specify special boundary values, rather than using long values directly.A range-based boundary is based on the actual value of the ORDER BY expression(s). An offset is used to alter the value of the ORDER BY expression, for instance if the current order by expression has a value of 10 and the lower bound offset is -3, the resulting lower bound for the current row will be 10 - 3 = 7. This however puts a number of constraints on the ORDER BY expressions: there can be only one expression and this expression must have a numerical data type. An exception can be made when the offset is unbounded, because no value modification is needed, in this case multiple and non-numeric ORDER BY expression are allowed.
import org.apache.spark.sql.expressions.Window val df = Seq((1, "a"), (1, "a"), (2, "a"), (1, "b"), (2, "b"), (3, "b")) .toDF("id", "category") val byCategoryOrderedById = Window.partitionBy($"category").orderBy($"id").rangeBetween(Window.currentRow, 1) df.withColumn("sum", sum($"id") over byCategoryOrderedById).show() +---+--------+---+ | id|category|sum| +---+--------+---+ | 1| b| 3| | 2| b| 5| | 3| b| 3| | 1| a| 4| | 1| a| 4| | 2| a| 2| +---+--------+---+
- start
boundary start, inclusive. The frame is unbounded if this is the minimum long value (
Window.unboundedPreceding
).- end
boundary end, inclusive. The frame is unbounded if this is the maximum long value (
Window.unboundedFollowing
).
- Since
1.4.0
-
def
rowsBetween(start: Long, end: Long): WindowSpec
Defines the frame boundaries, from
start
(inclusive) toend
(inclusive).Defines the frame boundaries, from
start
(inclusive) toend
(inclusive).Both
start
andend
are relative positions from the current row. For example, "0" means "current row", while "-1" means the row before the current row, and "5" means the fifth row after the current row.We recommend users use
Window.unboundedPreceding
,Window.unboundedFollowing
, andWindow.currentRow
to specify special boundary values, rather than using integral values directly.A row based boundary is based on the position of the row within the partition. An offset indicates the number of rows above or below the current row, the frame for the current row starts or ends. For instance, given a row based sliding frame with a lower bound offset of -1 and a upper bound offset of +2. The frame for row with index 5 would range from index 4 to index 6.
import org.apache.spark.sql.expressions.Window val df = Seq((1, "a"), (1, "a"), (2, "a"), (1, "b"), (2, "b"), (3, "b")) .toDF("id", "category") val byCategoryOrderedById = Window.partitionBy($"category").orderBy($"id").rowsBetween(Window.currentRow, 1) df.withColumn("sum", sum($"id") over byCategoryOrderedById).show() +---+--------+---+ | id|category|sum| +---+--------+---+ | 1| b| 3| | 2| b| 5| | 3| b| 3| | 1| a| 2| | 1| a| 3| | 2| a| 2| +---+--------+---+
- start
boundary start, inclusive. The frame is unbounded if this is the minimum long value (
Window.unboundedPreceding
).- end
boundary end, inclusive. The frame is unbounded if this is the maximum long value (
Window.unboundedFollowing
).
- Since
1.4.0
-
final
def
synchronized[T0](arg0: ⇒ T0): T0
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef
-
def
toString(): String
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef → Any
-
final
def
wait(): Unit
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef
- Annotations
- @throws( ... )
-
final
def
wait(arg0: Long, arg1: Int): Unit
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef
- Annotations
- @throws( ... )
-
final
def
wait(arg0: Long): Unit
- Definition Classes
- AnyRef
- Annotations
- @throws( ... ) @native()


The first school of thought on documentation, is the one we subscribe to in Varnish right now: "Documentation schmocumentation..." It does not work for anybody.
The second school is the "Write a {La}TeX document" school, where the documentation is seen as a stand alone product, which is produced independently. This works great for PDF output, and sucks royally for HTML and TXT output.
The third school is the "Literate programming" school, which abandons readability of both the program source code and the documentation source, which seems to be one of the best access protections one can put on the source code of either.
The fourth school is the "DoxyGen" school, which lets a program collect a mindless list of hyperlinked variable, procedure, class and filenames, and call that "documentation".
And the fifth school is anything that uses a fileformat that cannot be put into a version control system, because it is binary and non-diff'able. It doesn't matter if it is OpenOffice, LyX or Word, a non-diffable doc source is a no go with programmers.
Quite frankly, none of these works very well in practice.
One of the very central issues, is that writing documentation must not become a big and clear context-switch from programming. That precludes special graphical editors, browser-based (wiki!) formats etc.
Yes, if you write documentation for half your workday, that works, but if you write code most of your workday, that does not work. Trust me on this, I have 25 years of experience avoiding using such tools.
I found one project which has thought radically about the problem, and their reasoning is interesting, and quite attractive to me:
In other words: we are talking about the ReStructuredText of the Python project, as wrapped by the Sphinx project.
Unless there is something I have totally failed to spot, that is going to be the new documentation platform in Varnish.
Take a peek at the Python docs, and try pressing the "show source" link at the bottom of the left menu:
(link to random python doc page:)
Dependency wise, that means you can edit docs with no special tools, you need python+docutils+sphinx to format HTML and a LaTex (pdflatex ?) to produce PDFs, something I only expect to happen on the project server on a regular basis.
I can live with that, I might even rewrite the VCC scripts from Tcl to Python in that case.
Poul-Henning, 2010-04-11


BEING THERE A film review by Chuck Dowling Copyright 1997 Chuck Dowling
Being There (1979) **** out of ***** - Cast: Peter Sellers, Shirley MacLaine, Melvyn Douglas, Jack Warden, Richard Dysart, Richard Basehart, James Noble. Written by: Jerzy Kosinski. Directed by: Hal Ashby. Running Time: 124 minutes.
Peter Sellers tried to get "Being There" made for eight years, and I'm very glad he succeeded. He plays a childlike gardener named Chance whose only knowledge about life is from what he sees on television. When his father dies, he is forced to leave his home for the very first time in his life. He proceeds to get into situations where people keep thinking he's brilliant, even though he is saying very little about anything except gardening.
I must admit that I do not understand the final shot of the film. Something odd happens which I think I understand, but I could be wrong. And even if I'm right, it doesn't make much sense.
One thing that bothered me while watching the film (and though it did bother me, it did not have any bearing on the film's rating) was watching Melvyn Douglas' performance. He won the Best Supporting Actor Oscar that year OVER Robert Duvall from "Apocalypse Now" which I feel is a travesty. Douglas is ok in the film, but he's just a dying old man. Nothing special. But like I said, it didn't influence my opinion of the film. I just wanted to voice that opinion that Duvall was robbed.
Sellers, who's health was failing at the time of the film, desperately wanted to win the Best Actor Oscar which he had lost in 1964 for Dr. Strangelove. He came very close. He did win the Golden Globe award, but lost the Oscar to Dustin Hoffman.
As brilliant as he was as the bumbling Inspector Clouseau and in "Dr. Strangelove", "Being There" is his greatest performance on film. Just in the very first minute, before he even says a word, you can see in his eyes that this character has the mentality of a child. Many who worked on the film and who worked with Sellers in the past said that Sellers was very similar in real life to Chance, which makes his final great performance even more touching.
-- Chuck Dowling Visit Chuck's Movie Reviews at http://users.southeast.net/~chuckd21/ Over 1,600 movies rated and/or reviewed! Movie news, film related links, and reader's reviews.
The review above was posted to the
rec.arts.movies.reviews newsgroup (de.rec.film.kritiken for German reviews).
The Internet Movie Database accepts no responsibility for the contents of the
review and has no editorial control. Unless stated otherwise, the copyright
belongs to the author.
Please direct comments/criticisms of the review to relevant newsgroups.
Broken URLs inthe reviews are the responsibility of the author.
The formatting of the review is likely to differ from the original due
to ASCII to HTML conversion.
Related links: index of all rec.arts.movies.reviews reviews


Thanks for choosing Korigan Design!
If you have received this link, your project can be viewed in the project dropdown below. This is where you can view your website / web-app prior to its live release. If you have any questions or concerns, feel free to contact me via the contact link on the top of the page, or give me a call at<PHONE_NUMBER>
Thanks again!
Korigan Payne
Owner


What does the fox T. rex say? Your browser does not support the audio element.
audio
What’s that? Your browser does not support the audio element.


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This demo site aims to present all behaviors & widgets (components) the API provides, including all jQuery UI components you may find on the
jQuery UI demo site.
For each main component class in the left's list, you may find several other related components (or other samples), including wicket-jquery-ui original ones (like message dialog-boxes or secured-button).
In order to get started using this API, you may download appropriate jar(s) or set a maven dependency.
Download jar(s)
Using Maven
<dependency>
<groupId>com.googlecode.wicket-jquery-ui</groupId>
<artifactId>wicket-jquery-ui</artifactId>
<version>6.16.0</version> <!-- or 1.5.11 -->
</dependency>
If the version you specified is 'snapshot', you may define this repository:
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>sonatype-snapshots</id>
<name>Sonatype Snapshots Repository</name>
<url>https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots/</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>true</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
Setting up the HTML markup, for jQuery UI
Using standard themes
If you would like to use wicket-jquery-ui with a standard theme, just add the theme dependency to your webapp pom
<dependency>
<groupId>com.googlecode.wicket-jquery-ui</groupId>
<artifactId>wicket-jquery-ui-theme-uilightness</artifactId>
<version>6.17.0</version>
</dependency>
Using a custom theme
Get your custom theme at
http://jqueryui.com/themeroller/. You can choose to include the theme through HTML or Wicket
1. HTML:
Put the theme content (
jquery-ui[.min].css
and
images
folder) into your website.
The base template page is the following: (you might change the CSS href accordingly)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:wicket="http://wicket.apache.org">
<head>
<!-- jQuery UI -->
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles/jquery-ui/jquery-ui.min.css" />
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
It is highly recommended to strip wicket tags from the HTML rendering.
/**
* @see org.apache.wicket.Application#init()
*/
@Override
public void init()
{
super.init();
this.getMarkupSettings().setStripWicketTags(true); //IMPORTANT!
}
2. Wicket:
Follow the instruction on
How to change resources references
Setting up the HTML markup, for Kendo UI
Using standard themes
If you would like to use wicket-kendo-ui with a standard theme, just add the theme dependency to your webapp pom
<dependency>
<groupId>com.googlecode.wicket-jquery-ui</groupId>
<artifactId>wicket-kendo-ui-theme-default</artifactId>
<version>6.17.0</version>
</dependency>
Using a custom theme
Get your custom theme at
http://demos.telerik.com/kendo-ui/themebuilder/. You can choose to include the theme through HTML or Wicket
1. HTML:
Put the theme content (
kendo.common.min.css
,
kendo.choosen_theme.min.css
as well as the corresponding theme folder and the "
texture
" folder) into your website.
The base template page is the following: (you might change the CSS href accordingly)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns:wicket="http://wicket.apache.org">
<head>
<!-- Kendo UI -->
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles/kendo/kendo.common.min.css" media="all" />
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles/kendo/kendo.default.min.css" media="all" />
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
It is highly recommended to strip wicket tags from the HTML rendering.
/**
* @see org.apache.wicket.Application#init()
*/
@Override
public void init()
{
super.init();
this.getMarkupSettings().setStripWicketTags(true); //IMPORTANT!
}
2. Wicket:
Follow the instruction on
How to change resources references
You are now ready to use wicket-jquery-ui!
Look at the samples provided here to get started with the code...


BE in Computer Engineering
Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USAFounded VINES, the Vanderbilt Entrepreneurial Society. Served on the Honor Council. Accepted into and attended Vanderbilt's Accelerator business program. Completed Computer Engineering degree in 2 years after switching major at end of sophomore year. Two credits short of a Music Minor. Designed game design independent study.


Uses of Class
com.googlecode.cqengine.persistence.support.ObjectSet
-
-
Uses of ObjectSet in com.googlecode.cqengine.engine
Methods in com.googlecode.cqengine.engine with parameters of type ObjectSet Modifier and Type Method Description boolean
CollectionQueryEngine. addAll(ObjectSet<O> objectSet, QueryOptions queryOptions)
Notifies the listener that the specified objects are being added to the collection, and so it can take action and update its internal data structures.boolean
ModificationListener. addAll(ObjectSet<O> objectSet, QueryOptions queryOptions)
Notifies the listener that the specified objects are being added to the collection, and so it can take action and update its internal data structures.boolean
CollectionQueryEngine. removeAll(ObjectSet<O> objectSet, QueryOptions queryOptions)
Notifies the listener that the specified objects are being removed from the collection, and so it can take action and update its internal data structures.boolean
ModificationListener. removeAll(ObjectSet<O> objectSet, QueryOptions queryOptions)
Notifies the listener that the specified objects are being removed from the collection, and so it can take action and update its internal data structures. -
Uses of ObjectSet in com.googlecode.cqengine.index.fallback
Methods in com.googlecode.cqengine.index.fallback with parameters of type ObjectSet Modifier and Type Method Description boolean
FallbackIndex. addAll(ObjectSet<O> objectSet, QueryOptions queryOptions)
Notifies the listener that the specified objects are being added to the collection, and so it can take action and update its internal data structures.boolean
FallbackIndex. removeAll(ObjectSet<O> objectSet, QueryOptions queryOptions)
Notifies the listener that the specified objects are being removed from the collection, and so it can take action and update its internal data structures. -
Uses of ObjectSet in com.googlecode.cqengine.index.radix
Methods in com.googlecode.cqengine.index.radix with parameters of type ObjectSet Modifier and Type Method Description boolean
RadixTreeIndex. addAll(ObjectSet<O> objectSet, QueryOptions queryOptions)
Notifies the listener that the specified objects are being added to the collection, and so it can take action and update its internal data structures.boolean
RadixTreeIndex. removeAll(ObjectSet<O> objectSet, QueryOptions queryOptions)
Notifies the listener that the specified objects are being removed from the collection, and so it can take action and update its internal data structures. -
Uses of ObjectSet in com.googlecode.cqengine.index.radixinverted
Methods in com.googlecode.cqengine.index.radixinverted with parameters of type ObjectSet Modifier and Type Method Description boolean
InvertedRadixTreeIndex. addAll(ObjectSet<O> objectSet, QueryOptions queryOptions)
Notifies the listener that the specified objects are being added to the collection, and so it can take action and update its internal data structures.boolean
InvertedRadixTreeIndex. removeAll(ObjectSet<O> objectSet, QueryOptions queryOptions)
Notifies the listener that the specified objects are being removed from the collection, and so it can take action and update its internal data structures. -
Uses of ObjectSet in com.googlecode.cqengine.index.radixreversed
Methods in com.googlecode.cqengine.index.radixreversed with parameters of type ObjectSet Modifier and Type Method Description boolean
ReversedRadixTreeIndex. addAll(ObjectSet<O> objectSet, QueryOptions queryOptions)
Notifies the listener that the specified objects are being added to the collection, and so it can take action and update its internal data structures.boolean
ReversedRadixTreeIndex. removeAll(ObjectSet<O> objectSet, QueryOptions queryOptions)
Notifies the listener that the specified objects are being removed from the collection, and so it can take action and update its internal data structures. -
Uses of ObjectSet in com.googlecode.cqengine.index.sqlite
Methods in com.googlecode.cqengine.index.sqlite with parameters of type ObjectSet Modifier and Type Method Description boolean
SimplifiedSQLiteIndex. addAll(ObjectSet<O> objectSet, QueryOptions queryOptions)
boolean
SQLiteIdentityIndex. addAll(ObjectSet<O> objectSet, QueryOptions queryOptions)
boolean
SQLiteIndex. addAll(ObjectSet<O> objectSet, QueryOptions queryOptions)
Notifies the listener that the specified objects are being added to the collection, and so it can take action and update its internal data structures.boolean
SimplifiedSQLiteIndex. removeAll(ObjectSet<O> objectSet, QueryOptions queryOptions)
boolean
SQLiteIdentityIndex. removeAll(ObjectSet<O> objectSet, QueryOptions queryOptions)
boolean
SQLiteIndex. removeAll(ObjectSet<O> objectSet, QueryOptions queryOptions)
-
Uses of ObjectSet in com.googlecode.cqengine.index.standingquery
Methods in com.googlecode.cqengine.index.standingquery with parameters of type ObjectSet Modifier and Type Method Description boolean
StandingQueryIndex. addAll(ObjectSet<O> objectSet, QueryOptions queryOptions)
Notifies the listener that the specified objects are being added to the collection, and so it can take action and update its internal data structures.boolean
StandingQueryIndex. removeAll(ObjectSet<O> objectSet, QueryOptions queryOptions)
Notifies the listener that the specified objects are being removed from the collection, and so it can take action and update its internal data structures. -
Uses of ObjectSet in com.googlecode.cqengine.index.suffix
Methods in com.googlecode.cqengine.index.suffix with parameters of type ObjectSet Modifier and Type Method Description boolean
SuffixTreeIndex. addAll(ObjectSet<O> objectSet, QueryOptions queryOptions)
Notifies the listener that the specified objects are being added to the collection, and so it can take action and update its internal data structures.boolean
SuffixTreeIndex. removeAll(ObjectSet<O> objectSet, QueryOptions queryOptions)
Notifies the listener that the specified objects are being removed from the collection, and so it can take action and update its internal data structures. -
Uses of ObjectSet in com.googlecode.cqengine.index.support
Methods in com.googlecode.cqengine.index.support with parameters of type ObjectSet Modifier and Type Method Description boolean
AbstractMapBasedAttributeIndex. addAll(ObjectSet<O> objectSet, QueryOptions queryOptions)
Notifies the listener that the specified objects are being added to the collection, and so it can take action and update its internal data structures.boolean
PartialIndex. addAll(ObjectSet<O> objectSet, QueryOptions queryOptions)
protected Collection<O>
PartialIndex. filter(ObjectSet<O> objects, QueryOptions queryOptions)
boolean
AbstractMapBasedAttributeIndex. removeAll(ObjectSet<O> objectSet, QueryOptions queryOptions)
Notifies the listener that the specified objects are being removed from the collection, and so it can take action and update its internal data structures.boolean
PartialIndex. removeAll(ObjectSet<O> objectSet, QueryOptions queryOptions)
-
Uses of ObjectSet in com.googlecode.cqengine.index.unique
Methods in com.googlecode.cqengine.index.unique with parameters of type ObjectSet Modifier and Type Method Description boolean
UniqueIndex. addAll(ObjectSet<O> objectSet, QueryOptions queryOptions)
Notifies the listener that the specified objects are being added to the collection, and so it can take action and update its internal data structures.boolean
UniqueIndex. removeAll(ObjectSet<O> objectSet, QueryOptions queryOptions)
Notifies the listener that the specified objects are being removed from the collection, and so it can take action and update its internal data structures. -
Uses of ObjectSet in com.googlecode.cqengine.persistence.support
Methods in com.googlecode.cqengine.persistence.support that return ObjectSet Modifier and Type Method Description static <O> ObjectSet<O>
ObjectSet. fromCollection(Collection<O> collection)
static <O> ObjectSet<O>
ObjectSet. fromObjectStore(ObjectStore<O> objectStore, QueryOptions queryOptions)
-
Uses of ObjectSet in com.googlecode.cqengine.query
Methods in com.googlecode.cqengine.query with parameters of type ObjectSet Modifier and Type Method Description Iterable<O>
ComparativeQuery. getMatches(ObjectSet<O> objectsInCollection, QueryOptions queryOptions)
Evaluates the comparative query, returning the objects in the collection which match the query. -
Uses of ObjectSet in com.googlecode.cqengine.query.comparative
Methods in com.googlecode.cqengine.query.comparative with parameters of type ObjectSet Modifier and Type Method Description Iterable<O>
SimpleComparativeQuery. getMatches(ObjectSet<O> objectsInCollection, QueryOptions queryOptions)
Iterable<O>
LongestPrefix. getMatchesForNonSimpleAttribute(Attribute<O,A> attribute, ObjectSet<O> objectsInCollection, QueryOptions queryOptions)
Iterable<O>
Max. getMatchesForNonSimpleAttribute(Attribute<O,A> attribute, ObjectSet<O> objectsInCollection, QueryOptions queryOptions)
Iterable<O>
Min. getMatchesForNonSimpleAttribute(Attribute<O,A> attribute, ObjectSet<O> objectsInCollection, QueryOptions queryOptions)
abstract Iterable<O>
SimpleComparativeQuery. getMatchesForNonSimpleAttribute(Attribute<O,A> attribute, ObjectSet<O> objectsInCollection, QueryOptions queryOptions)
Iterable<O>
LongestPrefix. getMatchesForSimpleAttribute(SimpleAttribute<O,A> attribute, ObjectSet<O> objectsInCollection, QueryOptions queryOptions)
Iterable<O>
Max. getMatchesForSimpleAttribute(SimpleAttribute<O,A> attribute, ObjectSet<O> objectsInCollection, QueryOptions queryOptions)
Iterable<O>
Min. getMatchesForSimpleAttribute(SimpleAttribute<O,A> attribute, ObjectSet<O> objectsInCollection, QueryOptions queryOptions)
abstract Iterable<O>
SimpleComparativeQuery. getMatchesForSimpleAttribute(SimpleAttribute<O,A> attribute, ObjectSet<O> objectsInCollection, QueryOptions queryOptions)
-


a datascience heiress
She stared down at her notes and then looked up at the crowd. Though not a stranger to crowds and the limelight, this was different. This was pressure; true pressure that she had earned. Amongst the onlookers, there were a few friends, but mostly there were news reporters. She thought to herself, “hmph, well I had always wanted attention”, smiling. As she started to rifle through her notecards, flashes of her past grasped at her consciousness from the far reaches of her mind.
Meet Venice Mariot
Venice Mariot was a unique girl, whose looks had gotten her far in life. But to most, it was not her looks but her name that drew their attention. She was the daughter of a wealthy hotel chain owner, and while interested in celebrity, she also had a particular chip on her shoulder. She was, as her third grade tutor had put it, a smartypants who annoyed to no end.
In high school, she was a fair student, A’s and B’s, but could’ve gone to any school. Her father, after all, was quick with a checkbook. She chose a state school as her horrified mother looked on, dumbfounded. Her classmates knew who she was, of course; everyone knew who she was. On Friday night, her phone would ring, and they’d hear:
“No, Paris, I think I’ll stay in tonight.”
“Sorry Miley, I’ve got a big test tomorrow.”
Despite shenanigans and the usual partying, undergrad was boring…until she took that one class: the class that forever caused her eyes to light up: Machine Learning 101. She was hooked, and she let the world know about it. When she came home, it was deep learning this, and support vector machines that. This went on, and she published her first academic article as an undergraduate while deciding to pursue a Ph.D.
Academics aside, during her studies, there was a single moment that struck her. One day at a conference, a Japanese student approached her. He was slightly awkward, making Venice look more skeptical.
“Great. Well, I haven’t been hit on in a while…,” she thought.
Then he spoke, “Ah Mariot Miss Venice? Ah yes. Ah, I like read your paper on … robust fast 2nd moment approximation for the gradient descent,” as he bowed excessively. “Ah I always think Advisor Clem is very famous to get good research papers.”
At first she couldn’t explain the sense of elation she had at that moment. After all, the guy said Advisor Clem was very famous and not her. A few moments after addressing his questions, she started to think about it. It was the last interaction that was supposed to anger her but caused the opposite reaction. “Advisor Clem is very famous.” He had no idea who she was other than she had published a very well-written paper. The daughter of the great George Mariot was acknowledged, perhaps for the first unequivocal time, for her academic contributions and not for the name Mariot.
After graduation, she received offers, but decided against the larger companies that swept talent up through the weight of their money. After taking several trips to Silicon Valley, she felt lost and retreated to her home, jobless. It was a defining moment for her, the first in which she felt lost. It was then that the bonds of blood showed their metal in the form of her father.
The Great George Mariot
George Mariot always said that he knew gold when he came across it. He prided himself on recognizing value in deals. That ability came about through effort, and George worked hard to get where he was.
But he’d always worked for himself, which granted, was rewarded by being able to pay for anything his children wanted. He would have paid for Venice’s pop star career or her own clothing line, but she wanted neither.  Venice’s independence made George realize that, like his businesses, effort and time were more valuable.
It was two days after her 29th birthday, and Venice sat in the living room, ignoring texts that suggested she come out and party. After her return from SFO where she’d interviewed with three small startups, she felt dejected when she realized all three were ad-tech companies waiting to be bought out by a larger ad-tech company. She was scooping out strawberry ice cream from the container with her fingers when her father found her.
George sat down with several financial report printouts, which she would later find out were quite old and irrelevant. “Hmm, I’m not sure why we’re flagging on sales.”
Rolling her eyes, “You should have all those things in a database, Dad. It’d make things so searchable.”
“You know me: old school,” he said, smiling as he started making a mess by scattering them on the couch.
“Ugh, it’s so painful watching you,” she sighed. “How bad is it, anyway?”
“Well, we opened up this hotel here, and it’s doing horribly. I thought it’d do well because Steve Wynn bought in the area.”
Venice stood up and hovered over the scattered sheets of paper, “Not sure I’m surprised, Dad. You’re using that feature? No wonder it’s tanking.”
“Feature? What do you mean, Venice? Is this some of that fancy math talk that you’ve been going on about? That stuff never works.”
Gauntlet thrown, George smiled to himself. The challenge was accepted that night, and Venice angrily worked to prove the value of her time in school. In the days that followed, she applied her knowledge of nonlinear regression and modeling to statistically analyze where to build next and which indicators were the most useful in doing so. In the year that followed, the applied mathematician and businessman began to respect each other’s talents.
Two independent personalities soon realized that they depended on each other. That fateful day after her 29th birthday when she was moping, more than money and talk, Venice had needed guidance. Perhaps it is how all offspring continue businesses, but George beamed with unparalleled pride as though he developed a new brand in the philosophy of life. It wasn’t just that feeling useful and being applied could be a vaccine against sex tapes and scandals, a trap Venice’s counterparts often fell into. It was that George’s focus and hard work could also apply to people as well as business.
A Career
As Venice offered suggestions based on statistical rigor, so called “data science”, the Mariot Hotel Chain began to flourish, with a grand opening in New York selected using previously archived demographic features in the census bureau. And it worked. Hilton and Hyatt quickly moved to replicate Mariot’s success, but were ultimately late to the market and the Mariot reaped its rewards.
George’s confidence in Venice moved him to ask for her consulting on Mariot’s lower tier, longer stay residences in disadvantaged areas. Under different branding (the Care Housing line), few knew that the Mariot name was tied to it. Venice was eager to prove her skills, but as she visited each site, it was compassion that drove her rather than ambition. She began a program to educate and provide life-decision making skills after collecting data on successful residents and using reinforcement learning algorithms.
She believed deeply in her trained models, but at times, she failed. In some cases, she would pay the rent for those who were struggling. As she returned one day from bringing groceries to the Azili family, she noticed a man who was scoffed at a teenage boy, the Azili family’s eldest son, who had dropped his lunch too close the man’s shiney shoes.
“Hey! Don’t kick his food away! If you were a decent human, you’d be helping him pick it up!” she hissed angrily. She put the groceries down, and knelt to aid the teenager.
“Lady, my time is worth way more doing something else. And don’t threaten me. Do you have any idea who I am. I make more than you could ever could.” He paused as if to contemplate whether or not to turn vitriolic. He did. “The gall of you to speak to me that way. Tell you what; I’m a reasonable man. I’ll forget about this and even throw couple of dollars for a few hours with that body of yours.”
Venice looked down at her attire. Yes, maybe her appearance was slightly on the grungier side. But no, she was enraged to the point of tears! The man walked off before further incident, but Venice had never been so furious. In the evening, she called her father to vent. He tried to calm her with a usual refrain from when she was little: breathe and count to three. As their conversation continued, George realized that the man with the shiney shoes happened to be in the state senate. Her father immediately withdrew support as a major donor. Without Mariot dollar support and with new allegations on misconduct, a fortuitous vacancy in the senate opened a month later.
It didn’t take long before the thought entered Venice’s brain that she could seek to fill the recently vacated state senate seat. Again, she called her father, this time in a more collected and thoughtful manner. His response was simple. “Go ahead”, he smiled. “Do…everything.”
George Mariot died of cancer a few years later with Venice by his side. It hit her hard, and she couldn’t bring herself to visit his grave for a long while. Still, she talked to him regularly before bed every night…more frequently when things got rough. After a meeting where easy concepts were “mansplained” to her, she recalled sitting in the lady’s room looking up at the ceiling asking for advice. After a while, she took a deep breath, counted to three, and prepared for a fight as the bathroom stall door flew open.
It would be fifteen years later when Venice would first stop by his grave. “I miss you, Dad. I wish you could have seen what I’ve accomplished.” He knew, of course. Maybe not the specifics, but he’d known for a while…even before he sat next to her after her 29th birthday. He always said he could recognize gold when he came across it.
Final Preparations
Back at the podium, she looked up from her note cards and took a breath…slowly. One. Two. Three. She’d worked hard to get to where she was, something unexpected of many from her echelon. Just then, the moderator, Chris Wallace, called her opponent to the stage, an equally famous brand, though his rise engendered from reality TV and real estate. Her heart skipped beats as he waved at the crowd. And then…just then, she heard her name announced as she stepped out from behind the curtains. She was ready for the 3rd debate for the most unconventional campaign season ever to have graced the United States landscape,
Like the story? Say “hi” and connect with me on twitter and facebook.


--- layout: archive title: Zulip Chat Archive permalink: /stream/144837-PR-reviews/topic/.23481.20localization.html ---
I need a better interface
@Johan Commelin any suggestion?
Hmpf, can you explain what problems you are hitting?
I don't know
I'm just not sure whether I like of_comm_ring
and div
I think they are fine. I would change of_comm_ring
into mk
. But that's just a name.
then why not change div
to mk
instead
Maybe that would be technically correct.
Aren't things called mk
usually supposed to be surjective?
Ok, so let's not call it mk
. (I thought of mk
as the canonical map from the object you start with.)
I don't think they have to be surjective, for objects with some kind of completion in them
like the injection into a free group
So what about the case at hand?
although I guess that's called of
right now?
By analogy to rat
, div
-> mk
and of_comm_ring
-> of
?
Hmpf, can you explain what problems you are hitting?
I feel like the lemmas I proved are very ad-hoc and unstructured
@Johan Commelin
Hmm... it looks quite fine to me. At least I don't see a way to improve this. (Apart from the suggestion Mario made above.)
{% endraw %}Last updated: Apr 24 2020 at 19:02 UTC


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AnnPOD is working perfectly.
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Court bans random questions by officers during traffic stops
by The Associated PressPORTLAND, Ore. (AP) — The Oregon Supreme Court in a recent ruling has banned the police practice of officers using a broken taillight or a failure to signal as a justification for scouting a driver’s car for illegal guns or drugs.
Oregon Public Broadcasting reports the ruling instructs officers to stick to questions “reasonably related” to the reason the driver was pulled over. It effectively ends law enforcement’s ability to turn a routine traffic stop into a fishing expedition for a more serious offense.
Law enforcement agencies contacted by OPB are in various stages of reviewing the ruling and creating new instructions for officers.
While the Clackamas County Sheriff’s Office and the Salem Police Department said they were awaiting guidance from attorneys, police departments in Beaverton and Gresham, as well as the Oregon State Police, were working on a training bulletin.
The Portland Police Bureau said it is reviewing its training protocols and updating officers.
___
Information from: The Oregonian/OregonLive, http://www.oregonlive.com
The Associated Press


{% load static %}
Oups! Apparently, you have not still created an user with that account, or your credentials are not correct.
{% endif %} {% if user_already_exists %}Oups! Apparently, your email is already in the Carpool app. Try to log in! Or contact the administrator to set your password again
{% endif %}


Classes
RTF
RTF::CharacterStyle
RTF::Colour
RTF::ColourTable
RTF::CommandNode
RTF::ContainerNode
RTF::Document
RTF::DocumentStyle
RTF::Font
RTF::FontTable
RTF::FooterNode
RTF::HeaderNode
RTF::Information
RTF::Node
RTF::Paper
RTF::ParagraphStyle
RTF::RTFError
RTF::Style
RTF::TableCellNode
RTF::TableNode
RTF::TableRowNode
RTF::TextNode


Currency Hero is a peer to peer currency exchange platform specifically designed for overseas travelers. It is easy to use and there are only three steps to complete the exchange.
Left panel content goes here
Right panel content goes here
Currency Hero is a peer to peer currency exchange platform specifically designed for overseas travelers. It is easy to use and there are only three steps to complete the exchange.
Just pull page down to let the magic happen.
Note that pull-to-refresh feature is optimised for touch and native iOS scrolling so it may not work on desktop browser.
Mauris commodo lacus at nisl lacinia, nec facilisis erat rhoncus. Sed eget pharetra nunc. Aenean vitae vehicula massa, sed sagittis ante. Quisque luctus nec velit dictum convallis. Nulla facilisi. Ut sed erat nisi. Donec non dolor massa. Mauris malesuada dolor velit, in suscipit leo consectetur vitae. Duis tempus ligula non eros pretium condimentum. Cras sed dolor odio.
The easiest way to exchange foreign currency!


Quick Guide to OKRs
What is an OKR?
OKR (Objectives and Key Results)[Not OKRA] is a framework for defining and tracking objectives and outcomes to drive engagement and focus on your goals.
Objectives are motivational, challenging, and qualitative descriptions of what you want to achieve.
**Key Results **are a set of metrics that measure your progress towards the Objective.
OKR methodology was introduced to Intel by Andy Grove in his 1983 book “High Output Management”. Later on in 1999, Intel’s John Doerr recommends the methodology to Google’ CEOs Larry Page and Sergey Brin for their 40+team.
OKR Example
OKR Formulation
The following is a general structure for forming and OKR
I will [Objective] as measured by [Key Result].
and can be used in the following example
Example
Engineering Manager’s OKR:
Objective: Create a better Customer Experience
Key Results:
-
Improve Net Promoter Score from X to Y.
-
Mitigate Churn or Bounce Rate under Z%
-
Improve Product/Business Awareness for Engineering team from 30% familiarity to 80% familiarity.
In some instances, a hierarchy of OKRs can be created too. The manager above can have OKRs tied to team performance and growth, outside of business objectives as well.
Employee’s OKR:
Objective: Improve Customer Journey with Product
Key Results:
-
Create training/documentation on product usability
-
Optimize UI and usability of product from X% engagement to X+ Y % engagement
“If it does not have a number,
it is not a Key Result.” -Marissa Mayer
The Benefits
-
Agile Goals
-
Simple
-
Transparent
-
Nested Cadences
-
Bidirectional Goal Setting
OKR Mistakes
OKRs sounds so enticing, and when starting with the methodology, many are tempted to “LIST ALL THE GOALS”. However, avoid these OKR mistakes to ensure you reach your goal(s):
-
Forgetting about your OKRs
-
Using OKR as a task list
-
Setting too many OKRs (Use between 2–5 Objectives)
-
Not aligning your OKRs
-
Separate metrics from initiatives
Getting Started
If you have a sophisticated system/software for driving OKR culture to your company, then awesome!
If you do not have funding for such sophisticated software, please feel free to check out the following resources to get you started:
Hopefully you’ve enjoyed this quick breakdown. If you have any questions, feel free to reach out to me via LinkedIn.


Syllabus
UNITED STATES v. SCHEFFER
A polygraph examination of respondent airman indicated, in the opinion of the Air Force examiner administering the test, that there was no deception in respondents denial that he had used drugs since enlisting. Urinalysis, however, revealed the presence of methamphetamine, and respondent was tried by general court-martial for using that drug and for other offenses. In denying his motion to introduce the polygraph evidence to support his testimony that he did not knowingly use drugs, the military judge relied on Military Rule of Evidence 707, which makes polygraph evidence inadmissible in court-martial proceedings. Respondent was convicted on all counts, and the Air Force Court of Criminal Appeals affirmed. The Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces reversed, holding that a per se exclusion of polygraph evidence offered by an accused to support his credibility violates his Sixth Amendment right to present a defense.
Held: The judgment is reversed.
44 M. J. 442, reversed.
Justice Thomas delivered the opinion of the Court with respect to Parts I, IIA, and IID, concluding that Military Rule of Evidence 707 does not unconstitutionally abridge the right of accused members of the military to present a defense. Pp. 49, 1114.
(a) A defendants right to present relevant evidence is subject to reasonable restrictions to accommodate other legitimate interests in the criminal trial process. See, e.g., Rock v . Arkansas , 483 U. S. 44. State and federal rulemakers therefore have broad latitude under the Constitution to establish rules excluding evidence. Such rules do not abridge an accuseds right to present a defense so long as they are not arbitrary or disproportionate to the purposes they are designed to serve. E.g., id., at 56 . This Court has found the exclusion of evidence to be unconstitutionally arbitrary or disproportionate only where it has infringed upon a weighty interest of the accused. See , e.g., id., at 58. Rule 707 serves the legitimate interest of ensuring that only reliable evidence is introduced. There is simply no consensus that polygraph evidence is reliable: The scientific community and the state and federal courts are extremely polarized on the matter. Pp. 49.
(b) Rule 707 does not implicate a sufficiently weighty interest of the accused to raise a constitutional concern under this Courts precedents. The three cases principally relied upon by the Court of Appeals, Rock, supra, at 57, Washington v. Texas, 388 U. S. 14, and Chambers v. Mississippi, 410 U. S. 284, do not support a right to introduce polygraph evidence, even in very narrow circumstances. The exclusions of evidence there declared unconstitutional significantly undermined fundamental elements of the accuseds defense. Such is not the case here, where the court members heard all the relevant details of the charged offense from respondents perspective, and Rule 707 did not preclude him from introducing any factual evidence, but merely barred him from introducing expert opinion testimony to bolster his own credibility. Moreover, in contrast to the rule at issue in Rock , supra , at 52, Rule 707 did not prohibit respondent from testifying on his own behalf; he freely exercised his choice to convey his version of the facts at trial. Pp. 1114.
Thomas, J., announced the judgment of the Court and delivered the opinion of the Court with respect to Parts I, IIA, and IID, in which Rehnquist, C. J., and OConnor, Scalia, Kennedy, Souter, Ginsburg, and Breyer, JJ., joined, and an opinion with respect to Parts IIB and IIC, in which Rehnquist, C. J., and Scalia and Souter, JJ., joined. Kennedy, J., filed an opinion concurring in part and concurring in the judgment, in which OConnor, Ginsburg, and Breyer, JJ., joined. Stevens, J., filed a dissenting opinion.


| Ruby String Method | Description |
|---|---|
| #length | returns number of characters in string |
| #reverse | reverses the string |
| #split | splits each character into an array element and returns the array |
| #upcase | converts all characters to capital letters |
| #downcase | converts all characters to lower case letters |
| #clear | makes string empty |


Installation Guide¶
Requirements¶
Installation¶
- Tier I: IDV enhancements only
- Install the latest (nightly build) of IDV here.
- Tier II: IDV interactions with jupyter + iPython
- In addition to the IDV, install jupyter, for instance using Anaconda.
- Tier III: Storing and servicing {IDV, Jupyter} “Case Studies” on RAMADDA
- In addition to the IDV and Jupyter, you need
- Access (username and password, or knowledge of an anonymous-accessible area) granted by the Admin of a RAMADDA repository.
- In order to publish your {IDV, Jupyter} “Case Studies” you should install the RAMADDA plugin to IDV.
- Tier IV: RAMADDA installation with DRILSDOWN functionality
To install your own RAMADDA repository, follow instructions here Then, put drilsdownplugin.jar in your repository’s plugins/ directory, and restart it.
To have your Case Study .ipynb files rendered by jupyter’s nbconvert service, install jupyter on your RAMADDA’s host machine, and add this line to .properties file in your ramadda home directory (or to repository.properties, in a Tomcat installation):
ramadda.jupyter.path=/path/to/jupyter
Examples¶
Use case examples, with template .xidv IDV bundles and .ipynb Jupyter notebooks, are at:
Observed atmopsheric states in areas where column integrated water vapor is increasing quickly.


I'm getting seriously thirsty. Maybe we should ask for directions? Ugh, I hope there's a bathroom around here somewhere.


One-Pan Gnocchi with Sausage and Spinach
When you are starving and need Italian comfort food without a lot of fuss, this is your baby. It’s sooooo good. It takes about 20 minutes, start to finish. Serves 4.
Ingredients
- 2 teaspoons olive oil
- 1 onion, chopped
- 4 garlic cloves, minced
- 1 lbs Italian sausage (bulk, no casings)
- 1 (16oz) package fresh potato gnocchi
- 1 (14.5 oz) can Italian flavored diced tomatos with juices
- 1/4 cup low sodium chicken broth
- 4 cups fresh baby spinach leaves
- 1/4 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper
- 1/2 cup shredded mozzarella cheese
- 1/2 cup shredded parmesan cheese
Directions
- In a large nonstick skillet, add oil and heat over medium high until hot. Add onion and garlic and saute until fragrant, about 30 seconds.
- Add sausage; stir and break it up into pieces. Continue cooking until nicely browned. Don’t drain.
- Add uncooked gnocchi. Stir for 1 minute, gently breaking up any clumps.
- Stir in tomatoes with juices and chicken broth.
- Cover and cook on medium heat for 5 minutes or just until gnocchi is fluffy and cooked through.
- Turn off heat. Add spinach and pepper. Stir until spinach leaves are wilted.
- Sprinkle with cheeses and cover for 3-5 minutes or until cheese is melted. Serve immediately.
Notes
Make it meatless: Simply skip the sausage and add another veggie instead. Sub veggie broth for chicken broth.


Gold:
Silver:
하하하하~~~
This is a paragraph.
This is another paragraph.
Input field:
Set Text
Set HTML
Set Value


How to delete a vocabulary from the Taxonomy Manager module.
Permissions: Editors cannot delete vocabularies created by Administrators or SuperUsers. Similarly, Administrators cannot delete vocabularies created by SuperUsers.
Deleting a Vocabulary


The grading system works by making a clean checkout of your dev.git
repository and executing:
$ make
This will build the first rule it finds in the Makefile
.
It will then look for compiled applications produced in the root directory matching the programming assignment codenames.
For each one it finds, it will copy it out into an external testing environment for further analysis.
The initial commit of your dev.git
repository contains a starter Makefile
and some stub applications (pptoken
and posttoken
) and stub classes (ExampleClass1
, ExampleClass2
).
The starter Makefile is as follows:
apps = \
pptoken \
posttoken
The apps
variable contains a list of the applications you wish to build. Each application x
must have an associated x.cpp
file that contains a main
function.
units = \
ExampleClass1 \
ExampleClass2
The units
variable contains a list of the shared cpp files you wish to build.
all: $(apps)
The all
target is the default target as it appears first in the Makefile. It depends upon all the applications listed in the apps variable, so they will all be built by this target
CXXFLAGS = -MD -g -O2 -std=gnu++11
This is the list of compiler flags that will be passed to gcc when it creates .o
files from .cpp
files. The -MD
flag will cause gcc to automatically generated .d
files that contain extra rules that tell make which .o
files depend on which .h
files based on their #includes
. -g
is to generate debug information for gdb
. -O2
is optimization level 2. -std=gnu++11
tells GCC to switch on C++11 features.
clean:
-rm $(apps) *.o *.d
The clean
target deletes intermediate files. You should always do this before you commit. Intermediate files must never be committed or pushed.
$(apps): %: %.o $(units:=.o)
g++ -g -O2 -std=gnu++11 $^ -o $@
This is the linking rule for each app.
-include $(units:=.d) $(apps:=.d)
This line includes the previously mentioned .d
files generated from the -MD
flag.
To add a new application x
x.cpp
with the application mainx
to the apps
variable in the MakefileTo add a new shared source file y.cpp
y.cpp
and y.h
y
to the units
variable in the MakefileTo add a new header file z.h
z.h
dev.git
(apart from provided starter code) must be your own original hand-written workdev.git
. The files you commit should be only the ones used in buildingbuild-essential
, which is essentially make
, gcc
and libstdc++
of the appropriate versions


QContextMenuEvent Class
The QContextMenuEvent class contains parameters that describe a context menu event. More...
| Header: | #include <QContextMenuEvent> |
| qmake: | QT += gui |
| Inherits: | QInputEvent |
Public Types
| enum | Reason { Mouse, Keyboard, Other } |
Public Functions
| QContextMenuEvent(Reason reason, const QPoint &pos, const QPoint &globalPos, Qt::KeyboardModifiers modifiers) | |
| QContextMenuEvent(Reason reason, const QPoint &pos, const QPoint &globalPos) | |
| QContextMenuEvent(Reason reason, const QPoint &pos) | |
| const QPoint & | globalPos() const |
| int | globalX() const |
| int | globalY() const |
| const QPoint & | pos() const |
| Reason | reason() const |
| int | x() const |
| int | y() const |
- 2 public functions inherited from QInputEvent
- 6 public functions inherited from QEvent
Additional Inherited Members
- 1 property inherited from QEvent
- 1 static public member inherited from QEvent
- 2 protected variables inherited from QEvent
Detailed Description
The QContextMenuEvent class contains parameters that describe a context menu event.
Context menu events are sent to widgets when a user performs an action associated with opening a context menu. The actions required to open context menus vary between platforms; for example, on Windows, pressing the menu button or clicking the right mouse button will cause this event to be sent.
When this event occurs it is customary to show a QMenu with a context menu, if this is relevant to the context.
Context menu events contain a special accept flag that indicates whether the receiver accepted the event. If the event handler does not accept the event then, if possible, whatever triggered the event will be handled as a regular input event.
Member Type Documentation
enum QContextMenuEvent::Reason
This enum describes the reason why the event was sent.
| Constant | Value | Description |
|---|---|---|
QContextMenuEvent::Mouse | 0 | The mouse caused the event to be sent. Normally this means the right mouse button was clicked, but this is platform dependent. |
QContextMenuEvent::Keyboard | 1 | The keyboard caused this event to be sent. On Windows, this means the menu button was pressed. |
QContextMenuEvent::Other | 2 | The event was sent by some other means (i.e. not by the mouse or keyboard). |
Member Function Documentation
QContextMenuEvent::QContextMenuEvent(Reason reason, const QPoint &pos, const QPoint &globalPos, Qt::KeyboardModifiers modifiers)
Constructs a context menu event object with the accept parameter flag set to false.
The reason parameter must be QContextMenuEvent::Mouse or QContextMenuEvent::Keyboard.
The pos parameter specifies the mouse position relative to the receiving widget. globalPos is the mouse position in absolute coordinates. The modifiers holds the keyboard modifiers.
QContextMenuEvent::QContextMenuEvent(Reason reason, const QPoint &pos, const QPoint &globalPos)
Constructs a context menu event object with the accept parameter flag set to false.
The reason parameter must be QContextMenuEvent::Mouse or QContextMenuEvent::Keyboard.
The pos parameter specifies the mouse position relative to the receiving widget. globalPos is the mouse position in absolute coordinates.
QContextMenuEvent::QContextMenuEvent(Reason reason, const QPoint &pos)
Constructs a context menu event object with the accept parameter flag set to false.
The reason parameter must be QContextMenuEvent::Mouse or QContextMenuEvent::Keyboard.
The pos parameter specifies the mouse position relative to the receiving widget.
The globalPos() is initialized to QCursor::pos(), which may not be appropriate. Use the other constructor to specify the global position explicitly.
const QPoint &QContextMenuEvent::globalPos() const
Returns the global position of the mouse pointer at the time of the event.
int QContextMenuEvent::globalX() const
Returns the global x position of the mouse pointer at the time of the event.
See also globalY() and globalPos().
int QContextMenuEvent::globalY() const
Returns the global y position of the mouse pointer at the time of the event.
See also globalX() and globalPos().
const QPoint &QContextMenuEvent::pos() const
Returns the position of the mouse pointer relative to the widget that received the event.
See also x(), y(), and globalPos().
Reason QContextMenuEvent::reason() const
Returns the reason for this context event.
int QContextMenuEvent::x() const
Returns the x position of the mouse pointer, relative to the widget that received the event.
int QContextMenuEvent::y() const
Returns the y position of the mouse pointer, relative to the widget that received the event.


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First Name
Last Name
Date of Birth*
John
Doe
03/11/1983
Jane
Doe
08/22/1982
Rick
James
02/01/1948
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