Modern C++ singleton implementation through an example
[tl;dr] Modern C++ best practices allows an explicit and beautiful implementation of the singleton design pattern.
Code source of the full example available on hnrck/singleton_example.
Table of Contents
- Motivations
- Context
- Related work
- Introduction
- The Logger class
- Experimentation
- Conclusion
Motivations
First of all, pardon my French, I am a French native speaker with a fairly solid background in English, and some of my sentences may seem flawed.
For a few years now, I’ve been thinking about maintaining a blog on programming. I am now a reasonably experienced engineer, I have worked on stimulating projects at Thales and Airbus in France, and I want to share some visions I have on my field.
Nowadays I am finishing my Ph.D. thesis, and I have started my job search process. Latterly, I participated in a test, during which I had a few tens of minutes to answer questions about implementation in modern C++. From my point of view, I had no difficulty answering the questions, and to be honest, I even had much fun. Nevertheless, once the test was over, I took my books on the C++ language to check my answers, and I noticed that most of them were rather old-school on their recommendation for design patterns implementation.
I, therefore, take this opportunity to express my point of view on modern design in C++.
My contribution on this blog is particularly minimal, and I’m sure that some books I don’t have yet offer even better implementation methods than mine. Furthermore, some C++ blogs are way more interesting than mine. I prepared a small related work section in this article. Anyway, I think it’s time for me to stop hiding behind the excuse that someone somewhere must have already done better not to publish. If by any chance you are interested in my vision, and you identify gaps in my proposals, I would be particularly glad to discuss this in the comments.
Context
One of the questions in my test was, from memory:
Implement a Logger, based on the singleton.
The Logger should have a print method taking as input a log level (INFO, WARN, ERROR), and a message.
The use of C++11 and a thread-safe implementation will be appreciated.
This question was particularly inspiring to me. I implemented a distributed simulation framework in C++11, in which I made extensive use of design patterns.
By the greatest coincidence, I had made in this framework a similar Logger class to trace the execution of simulation components. The significant differences being that :
- Using a simulation framework distributed between my components, I did not need to make sure my implementation was thread-safe.
- The singleton part was at the simulation components level.
I rewrote a singleton in much the same way as I did in my framework, making sure to make it thread-safe.
Related work
Here is a non-exhaustive list of resources among my favorite blogs and sites, as well as some books I have read, which I find appropriate for this article.
All these resources are much more professional and educational than my work, and I highly recommend them if you want to go further.
Blogs and websites
- C++ Programming: Code patterns design
- Fluent{C++}
- Andrzej’s C++ blog
- The view from aristeia
- ISO C++ blog
- C++ Core guidelines
- … And much more, just google
Books
- The C++ Programming Language
- Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software
- Programmer en langage C++
- Effective Modern C++
- Safe C++
- C++ Concurrency in Action
- … And much more than I have not yet had the opportunity to read …
Introduction
About design patterns
In software engineering, design patterns are software bricks, recognized as good practice, and addressing common design issues.
There exist abounding design patterns, and most of the time, we think first and foremost of the GoF design patterns.
Design patterns can be split into different categories, in simple words:
- Creational patterns - these are the design patterns that deal with the creation of objects, which requires particular control.
- Structural patterns - these are the design patterns that deal with the relationships between software entities.
- Behavioral patterns - these are the design patterns that deal with the communication and behavior of objects.
But we can still hear about concurrency patterns or even anti-patterns.
The singleton pattern
The singleton is a member of the creational patterns.
This is one of the most straightforward patterns, and it aims to ensure that there is only one instance of a given class.
Why using a singleton
The singleton is used when you need to have the same object to perform specific actions. The singleton is also very often used in the implementation of other design patterns.
Besides, the singleton makes it possible to maintain a global state without going through a global variable and saves time and allocation space.
Unfortunately, the singleton is also very often misused, and many articles can be found on the Internet presenting arguments against the singleton.
It is not for me to say if the singleton is a good or bad design pattern. I focus here on my vision of its implementation.
How to implement a singleton
The object should only exist in one instance, so the constructor of its class is inaccessible, and an interface is provided. The interface builds the object on the first call, and always returns the same instance to those who call it.
The following class diagram illustrates this mechanism:
In this diagram, the instance is a Singleton object belonging to the Singleton class.
The get_instance
class method allows to build this instance on the first call, via the private constructor, and to return this same singleton every call.
The Logger class
Let’s get to the crux of the matter, the implementation of an example of a singleton.
We will first focus on the elements essential to any class, constructors and destructors, then deal with the addition of the instance and the get_instance method, and finally add the functionalities of the Logger.
The Logger should be a singleton; its class diagram strongly resembles the singleton ones, and the pattern of the singleton can be figured behind it.
We add a print method as requested, which takes a log level and a message and displays them.
We also add the possibility to configure the output of this print via a private class attribute, output_
, which can be modified by a class method, as well as a mutex to protect the critical section that is output_
access.
Let’s now look at its implementation.
The Logger class declaration
The first step in creating a class in C++, its declaration.
class Logger final {
};
Since C++11, the specifier final
can be added to classes.
This specifier will be useful at the design level. It explicitly prohibits inheritance from the specified class.
This deletion of the inheritance is entirely relative, an evil developer wishing to inherit from this class will be able to delete the final
and do what he wants, nevertheless, it allows to make explicit the desire of the initial developer.
It might be tricky to adapt our singleton into an inherited class, and it is easier to redesign if necessary, for instance by using a singleton adapter.
A developer wanting to manipulate this part of the code will see that the original developer has not planned to allow the inheritance of his class, without having to integrate this into comments, and a less experienced developer will be protected at compilation time.
Constructor and assignment
The necessary elements of a C++ class are constructors and destructors. By default these are generated by the compiler, and public.
Here we have subtleties that make us want the explicit declarations: we want to hide the constructor.
private: // Private default constructor.
Logger() = default;
public:
// Default logger destructor. No need for virtual destructor as the logger
// class cannot be inherited.
~Logger() = default;
C++11 introduces new mechanisms for declaring constructors and destructors, the = default
and = delete
specifiers.
The first one explicitly generates a default function, will the second delete a function.
In the previous snippet, the constructor, declared by default, is hidden in the private part of the class. The compiler should have generated a default constructor implicitly, as there is no other constructor in this class, but this one would have been publicly accessible.
The destructor is free to access. It’s a design choice. Making it private would have prevented a user from deleting the instance that everyone uses, but some compilers don’t know how to handle private destructor. In this specific case, I trust users more than compilers.
One could also have not make the destructor explicit, the compiler would have generated one, but from my point of view, it is cleaner to express all constructors and destructors in a class whose creation and destruction mechanisms are essential, and this is the case of the singleton which is a creational pattern.
Finally, it is useless to declare the virtual
destructor since we have defined our final
class, and none can inherit it.
Copy constructor and assignment
Singletons must not be copyable, and only the get_instance
interface must allow access to the instance.
By default, the compiler will generate copy constructor and copy assignment, so we have to handle their declaration.
public:
// Deleted copy constructor.
// Only the get_instance class method is allowed to give a logger.
Logger(const Logger &) = delete;
// Deleted copy assignment.
// Only the get_instance class method is allowed to give a logger.
void operator=(const Logger &) = delete;
In an earlier version of C++, one would have put these constructors and assignments in the private
part of the class, as we did to the constructor, but C++11 allows a cleaner method to prevent the use of copy.
The `delete’ specifier that we have seen in the previous sub-section allows us to remove these functions explicitly. They are therefore not only inaccessible, they no longer exist, even for the singleton.
Move constructor and assignment
This part is not mandatory, but as I wrote above, the singleton is a creational pattern, and all its construction, destruction and assignment mechanisms should be made explicit. We will also make the move constructors and assignments explicit.
There is no need to delete the latter. Once an instance has been provided to a client, the client can do whatever he wants with it, including transferring the instance.
public:
// Default move constructor.
Logger(Logger &&) noexcept = default;
// Default move assignment.
Logger &operator=(Logger &&) noexcept = default;
Just as we did for the destructor, these are public
and default
.
Only one subtlety, the presence of the noexcept
specifier.
Since C++11, a function can be specified whether it could throw exceptions or not.
Defaulted functions can potentially throw an exception.
By adding the noexcept
specifier, move constructor and assignment are explicitly non-throwing.
No specifying noexecpt
is not a problem in our design since STL libraries containers choose copy constructors and assignments instead of move ones, unless they are marked noexcept
or the copy constructor is not accessible, which is our case.
Singleton functionality
The two crucial elements of implementing a singleton are its instance and its interface.
For the interface, we implement a class method that will initialize the instance at the first call, and return this instance at each call.
public:
// Initialize the Logger singleton once, and return it each time this class
// method is called.
static Logger &get_instance();
static
is the keyword used in C++ to declare a class method, and the return type is Logger &
, a reference to the instance.
At the level of the instance implementation, C++ allows to hide it apart from its attributes.
The instance can be linked to the class method get_instance
:
Logger &Logger::get_instance() {
// The logger variable is initialized once with a move assignment of a logger
// object build with the private constructor.
static auto &&logger = Logger();
return (logger);
}
Variables declared with the static
specifier have static storage duration.
They are initialized the first time the execution goes through the declaration.
auto
is a variable specifier which means that the type of the variable will be deduced from its initializer.
The &&
token is used to mean an rvalue reference.
An rvalue reference behaves like an lvalue reference, but can be bind to a temporary rvalue.
The initialized object that would have been a temporary object copied can now be moved in our variable.
Logger()
is the Logger class private constructor, creating the logger object.
static auto &&logger = Logger();
means that the first time the declaration is executed, a logger object will be created by the private constructor, and moved into the logger variable, which is deducted to be a logger object.
From the compiler’s point of view static auto &&logger = Logger();
will be translated into static Logger &&logger = Logger();
.
I remain satisfied with the disappearance of the bureaucratic aspect of rewriting the class name several times to declare it, then initialize it with its constructor.
Note:
It would also have been possible to call the private constructor directly:
static Logger logger;
From my point of view, this is a bad practice. I want a consistent language. I like that all my variable declaration are:
[static] [const] auto [&[&]] <name> = <initializer>;
Language is consistent, it makes it impossible for objects to be uninitialized, and this is way more stylish.
I recommend you this great article from Herb Sutter.
Logger functionality
Log level
C++ inherits from C a straightforward mechanism for a set of constants declaration.
public:
// The different logger levels.
enum level : unsigned char {
INFO,
WARN,
ERROR,
};
};
Three unsigned char constants are declared, with respectively 0, 1 and 2 as value.
Print method
The print method will take one of the enum level constants as entered, as well as a message. There’s nothing particular here.
public:
// Print a message with a certain logger level on the output.
void print(enum level level, const std::string &message);
This method is implemented as follow:
void Logger::print(Logger::level level, const std::string &message) {
// Initializing a string stream.
auto ss = std::stringstream();
// Buffering the log level in the string stream.
switch (level) {
case (INFO):ss << "INFO";
break;
case (WARN):ss << "WARN";
break;
case (ERROR):ss << "ERROR";
break;
}
// Buffering the message in the string stream.
ss << ": " << message;
if (p_output_ != nullptr) {
// If the output is set, then display the string stream.
(*p_output_) << ss.rdbuf() << std::endl;
}
// In a real application, log might also be saved in file.
}
In the simulation framework I designed, I also added a possible output in a file, but I won’t complicate the problem here much more.
Output setting
I then wanted to add a class setting for the print output.
I declared the p_output
pointer on std::ostream class as private and static in the class:
private:
static std::ostream *p_output_;
Initialized to nullptr
in the implementation:
// Initialization of the display pointer.
std::ostream *Logger::p_output_ = nullptr;
And add a public class method to change the output:
public:
// A function that allows the setting of the logger output.
// Nothing by default.
static void set_output(std::ostream *p_output = nullptr);
void Logger::set_output(std::ostream *p_output) {
p_output_ = p_output;
}
The p_output_
pointer must be initialized outside the class.
It’s a C++ limitation that I regret.
Output protection
In our code, we currently have a critical resource that is not protected: the output pointed to by p_output_
.
The simple answer to protecting a resource is to use the std::mutex
class:
private:
// A mutex to protect the display resource.
static std::mutex output_mutex_;
Initialized in the implementation:
// Initialization of the display protection mutex.
std::mutex Logger::output_mutex_;
Nevertheless, C+++11 includes thread library support, with more specific blocking mechanisms, in particular, the std::lock_guard
class, which locks a mutex until the end of the scope:
void Logger::set_output(std::ostream *p_output) {
auto &&lock __attribute__((unused)) =
std::lock_guard<std::mutex>(output_mutex_);
p_output_ = p_output;
}
void Logger::print(Logger::level level, const std::string &message) {
// Initializing a string stream.
auto ss = std::stringstream();
// Buffering the log level in the string stream.
switch (level) {
case (INFO):ss << "INFO";
break;
case (WARN):ss << "WARN";
break;
case (ERROR):ss << "ERROR";
break;
}
// Buffering the message in the string stream.
ss << ": " << message;
// Waiting for output access.
auto &&lock __attribute__((unused)) =
std::lock_guard<std::mutex>(output_mutex_);
if (p_output_ != nullptr) {
// If the output is set, then display the string stream.
(*p_output_) << ss.rdbuf() << std::endl;
}
// In a real application, log might also be saved in file.
}
Logger class final result
You can find on GitHub the final result of the Logger class header and implementation.
Test application
A small program repeatedly calling the print method of the logger instance concurrently is built to test our singleton Logger.
Global parameters
First of all, the limits of our program are set through global parameters. We will set a maximum number of threads, no need to go beyond 1000 threads.
// An arbitrary maximum number of threads.
#define MAX_NB_THREADS 1000
Test routine
Then, a small routine that retrieves the instance of the Logger, generates a level and a message, waits for 10 milliseconds, and then calls the print method is implemented:
// A simple test routine.
static void test_routine(int i) {
// Getting the logger instance.
auto &logger = Logger::get_instance();
// Generating a level from i, with a round-robin strategy.
const auto level =
static_cast<Logger::level>(Logger::INFO
+ i % (Logger::ERROR + 1 - Logger::INFO));
// Generating a message from i.
const auto message =
std::string("this is the message n° " + std::to_string(i) + ".");
// Waiting for 10ms.
std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
// Logging the message with a the round-robin logger level.
logger.print(level, message);
}
A small exception
Finally, for cleanliness, we create an exception to return if the program user forgets to enter the number of threads.
// An exception to use when the main class does not have enough argument.
class missing_argument final : public std::exception {};
Main function
All the bricks are now ready for our application. First, we start the main body, and set the future exit code:
int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) {
// Initializing the program exit code, success by default.
auto exit_code = int(EXIT_SUCCESS);
Then we retrieve the instance of our Logger, and set the output to the standard error output:
// Using our logger for error logging.
auto &logger = Logger::get_instance();
// Setting the logger output to std::cerr, so the log can be save from
// command line using " 2> <log_file>"
Logger::set_output(&std::cerr);
We can now parse the user’s entry to retrieve the number of threads to launch.
We are preparing to potentially receive an error from this parsing with a try {...} catch
block, in which case we can use our logger instance to display an error message.
auto arg = std::string();
try {
// Checking the number of arguments.
if (argc < 2) {
throw (missing_argument());
}
arg.assign(argv[1]); // Pointer arithmetic is a bad practice, but I am lazy.
// Converting the number of thread from the first argument to an unsigned
// int.
auto nb_threads = std::stoul(arg);
if (nb_threads > (MAX_NB_THREADS)) {
// If the number of threads is above MAX_NB_THREADS, throw an error.
throw (std::out_of_range(""));
}
We can now launch nb_threads
routine:
// Pre-allocation of the threads vector.
auto threads = std::vector<std::thread>(nb_threads);
// Initialization of the threads.
for (auto i = 0U; i < nb_threads; ++i) {
threads[i] = std::thread(test_routine, i);
}
// Joining the threads.
for (auto &thread : threads) {
thread.join();
}
Finally, if everything went well, we can leave the execution of the program.
// Exiting the program with the exit code.
return (exit_code);
}
Test application final result
The final result of the test application is available on GitHub
Experimentation
GitHub repository
The code source of the full example available is on hnrck/singleton_example.
The GitHub repository is structured as following:
.
├── app
│ └── main.cpp
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── include
│ └── Logger.h
├── LICENSE
└── srcs
└── Logger.cpp
- app - containing the application
main.cpp
, using the Logger class. CMakeLists.txt
- allowing to build the project quickly.- include - containing the Logger header.
LICENSE
- the license of the project.- srcs - containing the Logger implementation.
To test the project, the easiest way is to clone the github repository:
git clone https://github.com/hnrck/singleton_example.git
Compilation
cd singleton_example
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ..
cmake --build .
These commands build the logger library liblogger.so.1.0.0
in singleton_example/build/usr/lib/
and an executable main
in singleton_example/build/usr/bin/
.
Alternative
As a huge big fan of clang and ninja, I use the following commands. In the future, I will try to make an article to explain my tool preferences.
cd singleton_example
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -G "Ninja" -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ ..
cmake --build .
Execution
From singleton_example/build/
, the main application can be executed with:
usr/bin/main <number of thread> 2> <log file>
Where <number of thread>
is a number from 0 to 1000. Trying to enter incorrect values causes errors, but that is not the point of this article
And <log file>
is the file where the log will be written
Note:
usr/bin/main <number of thread>
Will output the logs in the terminal.
For instance:
usr/bin/main 10 2> log.txt
returns on the terminal:
Logger singleton example.
Take a number of thread from first argument (from 0 to 1000), and execute concurrently simple routines.
Setting the logger output to std::cerr, so the log can be extracted and saved in a file.
Creating and joining 10 threads.
All the threads finished their routines.
Done with success.
and log.txt
contains:
WARN: this is the message n° 1.
INFO: this is the message n° 0.
ERROR: this is the message n° 2.
INFO: this is the message n° 3.
WARN: this is the message n° 4.
ERROR: this is the message n° 5.
INFO: this is the message n° 6.
WARN: this is the message n° 7.
ERROR: this is the message n° 8.
INFO: this is the message n° 9.
Video of the demo on asciinema:
Conclusion
Summary
I hope you had as much fun reading this article as I did writing it.
Design patterns are essential building blocks of software engineering. In this article, we presented one of the most simple design patterns, the singleton.
C++ does not have direct support for these design patterns, and recent modernizations do not provide this support. Nevertheless, modern C++ best practices allow an explicit and beautiful implementation of the singleton design pattern.
Limitations
First of all, the singleton I decided to illustrate in this article is often considered as bad practice.
Then, the Logger class and main application I built are very simplistic examples. The Internet is full of examples of more interesting applications.
Future work
In any order, I would like to write articles about other design patterns implementation, write articles about the C++ tools I used, and write articles about my C++ preferred resources.


Knowing you is the greatest thing that happened in my entire existence. I never realized how happy and complete I am with you by my side, you don't even need to do anything. The thought of you staying by my side reassures me and gives a whole new meaning to my life.
Every sound of your voice is like music to my ears, a serene lullaby that lulls me to sweet daydreams. When I gaze into your soulful eyes, I could see a brighter tomorrow. The soft whispers of your enchanting voice lift my empty spirits and calm my weary thoughts. Your beaming smile chases all my worries and uncertainties away. Your warm embrace puts me in a trance of sweet lullabies and melody.
No words could ever express the glee that I'm experiencing right now. I couldn't even start to fathom how blessed I am to have you in this life. In any other lifetime, I'd still choose to fall in love with you. I thank you for coming into my life. You gave a new meaning to my existence and I could not imagine a life without you in it. You and I were made to be together, foreva. Loving you was the most special thing that ever happened to me. You have a very special place in my heart and no one could ever replace that, be it in this lifetime, or any other lifetime. When I'm with you, everything feels so right and I feel really blessed. I cherish every single day that we spend together.
When I look at you today, I realize my love for you grows deeper, richer, and more satisfying as time goes by. Whenever something good happens, you're the first person I want to tell. When something bad happens, I know that I can count on you to take me in your arms and tell me everything will be alright.
 The most beautiful part of my life. You are beautiful, in fact, the most beautiful person I know, but that’s not the only reason why I love you. I love you because your heart is as beautiful as you are. So is your personality.  Moreover, no words can describe how pretty you’re. Let’s try to describe your prettiness:
A = Astonishingly beautiful
B = Beautiful
C = Charming
D = Divine
E = Elegant
F = Fascinating
G = Gorgeous
H = Heavenly
I = Impressive
J = Joiful
K = Kind
L = Lovely
M = Magnificent
N = Nice
O = Outstanding
P = Pretty
Q = Queen
R = Ravishing
S = Stunning
T = Tremendous
U = Unique
V = Very Attractive
W = Wonderful
Y = Yappy
Z = Zen
See after using every alphabet, I was unable to describe your inner & external beauty, this is cheating, you’re really very good. I love you a lot! These words are not enough to let you know the immense feelings that I have for you in my heart. Ever since I have met you, it seems that I have experienced the moments of paradise with you. You are that one man who has brought back all the happiness and cheer of my life which I was searching till now. In your company, I feel so blessed and happy that I wish to spend each and every moment with you.
I know how much you love reading, so I thought I’d try to write you a love letter. I’m no writer, you know this, but I wanted to tell you how much I love you on paper. I want you to have a memory of words and feelings. Though you’re not beside me right now, I am constantly having you in my mind. I see your eyes, your lips, I feel your hands and the feeling in my stomach when you smile. I wish I could be with you right now; I will be soon. I can’t imagine my life without you in it and though you’re far away right now, I can feel you right next to me. I love you. No words might be enough to tell you the ocean of love that I have for you but please know that I miss you every second. My heart beats for you, I really love you.
With all my Love,
Yours foreva,


From here you can start configure and run the competition.
You can also watch the running competition from here:


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Add team members to your organization or join an organization to begin collaborating.


Enable profiling to profile Go code.
Computer performance will strongly affect the profiling of Go code. Modern CPUs rely heavily on active thermal management that can affect benchmark results.
The general method of deciphering the expected complexity is for the program to go loop finding.
A Profile is a collection of stack traces showing the call sequences that led to instances of a particular event such as allocation. Packages can create and maintain their profils, most common use is for tracking resources that must be explicity closed.
pprof operates on data in the profile.proto format. Each file is a collection of samples, where each sample is associated to a point in a location hierachy, one or more numeraic values, and a set of labels.
Stack traces at time of allocation: hence, might be for code that is not running anymore, which means functions to blame (for example, a function that frees memory space, is not the same as the function allocating the code)
alloc_space: allocated memory and object counts inuse: in-use memory and object counts
Inuse metrics are important in determining the amount of memory being used. Allocations describe the performance/time spent on garbage collection
MemProfile rate records the fraction of memory allocations that are recorded and reported in the memory profile.
Types of profiles: 1. goroutine: stack traces of all current goroutines 2. help: sampling of heap allocation 3. threadcreate: stack traces that led to the creation of new OS threads 4. block: stack traces that led to blocking on synchronization primitives 5. mutex: stack traces of holders of contended mutexes
https://blog.golang.org/profiling-go-programs https://flaviocopes.com/golang-profiling/ https://jvns.ca/blog/2017/09/24/profiling-go-with-pprof/


Logging
Log messages are often very helpful in finding problems.
Logging Information
The log is accessible through the ezLog
class. There are multiple functions to log information of different severity:
ezLog::Debug
- for verbose output, will be compiled out in non-debug buildsezLog::Dev
- for output during development, will typically be silenced (but not compiled out) in non-development buildsezLog::Info
- for regular informationezLog::Warning
- for important information that may point at problemsezLog::SeriousWarning
- for problems that should be fixed but won't crash the system just nowezLog::Error
- for errors
Log messages can be grouped using the EZ_LOG_BLOCK
macro.
TypeScript
Information can also be logged through the TypeScript API.
Inspecting the Log
There are multiple ways to see the content of the log:
- In the ezEditor you can open Panels > Log to see two logs, the one for the editor and the one from the engine process.
- ezInspector shows the log of the connected process.
- The in-game console outputs the log messages.
- By default all EZ applications (TODO) also write the log output to a
Log.htm
file in the application's appdata folder.
Thread-local logging
The logging system uses a thread-local variable to store the active logging system, through which to route all messages that originate on that thread. This can be used to easily replace the entire logging backend on a thread and capture all log messages in a custom backend. See ezLogSystemScope
and ezLogInterface
, if you want to write a custom backend. This can be used to, for example, capture all output from some subsystem and prevent the messages from reaching the regular outputs.
Custom Log Writers
ezLog
is the central class for all messages to be logged. By default, it routes all messages through an instance of ezGlobalLog
, though you can redirect this on the calling side if you want. On ezGlobalLog
you can register multiple handlers that take the messages and either write them to some output or forward them to another system. This method is used to, for instance, forward log messages from one process to another. The ezInspector integration, for example, registers a custom log writer to gather all log messages, and send them over the network, for display in the external tool. ezEditor does something similar for the messages from the engine process.
For an in-depth explanation of how you can configure the system, see ezLog
and ezGlobalLog
.


Important: The name that you give your Job Binary will be the name used in your Job Execution. If your binary requires a particular name or extension (ie: ".jar"), be sure to include it here.
Select the storage type for your Job Binary.
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Hal is the deployment system we use to deploy many of our client-facing websites, including MyQL, Rocket Mortgage, QLMS, ORMS, Agent Insight, QuickenLoans.com and more!
Applications can now be starred from the application page and they will be stickied to the top of the dashboard and app list pages.
Users can now optionally select deployment targets when starting a build. If the build is successful it will be automatically deployed.
This is optional, and users can still choose to manually deploy after building.
In your app configuration you can specify containers by prefixing them to the command. If no command is specified, the default or globally specified container will be used. Apps can use as many different containers as they like, in anyorder.
In the following example, the app-wide default container is PHP 5.6, but the Node 5.3 container is used when compiling frontend dependencies.system: docker:php5.6 build: - 'bin/deploy --backend' - 'docker:node5.3 bin/deploy --frontend'
API documentation is linked from the Help page or available here: /docs/api
In most situations users will never need to select their desired environment when building, as Hal remembers which environment they were last viewing.
Build and push commands as well as docker image names will now be listed in event messages, rather than context data. This will make this information easier to find so users do not have to drill down into logs as often.
In some versions of Chrome the last few items listed in the build menu (which contains branches, tags, and pull requests) could not be selected. This should now be fixed.
/api/applications/{id}/deployment/...
has been changed to/api/applications/{id}/deployments/...
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The following components MUST go with this release:
- Hal 2.8.0
- Hal Agent 2.6.0
- Hal Core 2.9.0
- Kraken Core 2.9.0
If you find any bugs or want to request a feature, drop us a line in the hipchat room [Team] Web Core, or send us an email.


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WALSH is a MATLAB library which implements versions of the Walsh and Haar transforms.
Note that the programs, as printed in the reference, had a few typographical errors. Several programs, in particular FHT and FRT, could not be made to perform as described in the text, and hence have been omitted.
The computer code and data files described and made available on this web page are distributed under the GNU LGPL license.
WALSH is available in a C version and a C++ version and a FORTRAN77 version and a FORTRAN90 version and a MATLAB version.
HAAR, a MATLAB library which computes the Haar transform of data.
SFTPACK, a MATLAB library which implements the "slow" Fourier transform, intended as a teaching tool and comparison with the fast Fourier transform.
SINE_TRANSFORM, a MATLAB library which demonstrates some simple properties of the discrete sine transform.
WAVELET, a MATLAB library which does some simple wavelet calculations;
You can go up one level to the MATLAB source codes.


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H-release Rearchitecture
The ManageIQ team underwent a rearchitecture investigation during the summer of 2017. In this blog post I’m hoping to give a bit of an overview of why we did this, and some of the preliminary results. We did a lot of research, and there’s no way I can fit all of it in a single blog post, so this is just the first in a series on the rearchitecture efforts.
Overview
The primary reason for us beginning this investigation was due to an increasing number of customer escalations. In looking at these customer escalations we found that many of them were consistent in that they were problems of scalability and performance. The problems were almost always in the form of “Inventory collections are delayed or hit timeout errors”; “Metrics collections can’t keep up”; “Too many queue messages bog down the system”. Of greatest concern was that if these escalations keep increasing at the current pace, then it will only get worse as we become distributed with other platforms.
The secondary reason for us doing the investigation was a need to embrace OpenShift/Kubernetes as a platform. In particular, we can manage OpenShift/Kubernetes, but we can’t run on it, which is confusing to users as they have a PaaS, but still need to deploy a virtual appliance.
In order to tackle these challenges, we set out to investigate what major changes would be required by our product to run on OpenShift/Kubernetes, and once there, what features of it could we leverage to tackle the scalability and performance problems. Additionally, since Kubernetes gives us the ability to play with numerous technologies, we would take this opportunity to try out new technologies and see what those technologies can do for us, particularly in replacing the home-grown things we’ve built over the last 10 years.
OpenShift / Kubernetes
The team developed a proof of concept that ran various parts of our application as pods on OpenShift. While the ultimate goal is to run on Kubernetes, some OpenShift specific features were leveraged in the PoC. However upon deeper analysis, we believe we won’t need those OpenShift specific features and can run fully on Kubernetes. Running on Kubernetes is preferable as it allows us the opportunity to promote ManageIQ to a much wider audience.
Orchestration
There will be a primary pod known as the ManageIQ Orchestrator. The purpose of this pod is similar to our current evmserverd process, and initially will be the same code as the evmserverd process. The evmserverd process is aware of the state of workers, knows to spin up/down the number of workers, watches heartbeats for liveness killing them as appropriate, and can also watch for CPU and Memory thresholds. These are all abilities of OpenShift, so marrying evmserverd with the OpenShift API, will allow us to leverage OpenShift and let them do what they do best.
Our new ManageIQ Orchestrator communicates with the OpenShift API, dynamically deploying worker pods, and scaling them up or down based on user changes in the ManageIQ UI. Eventually, it would be preferable to autoscale the workers based on some metrics such as number of requests or queue depth, thereby removing that burden from the administrator, but for now we will leverage the existing code to manually set worker counts.
The Orchestrator will also be responsible for launching dependent services. Dependent services are components of the architecture that are shared by all components, such as the PostgreSQL database pod, memcached pod, and others. These dependent service pods will have an OpenShift Service in front on them so they can be internally routed to.
Workers
There are 3 categories of workers: service workers, shared workers, and provider specific workers. These workers will run as separate OpenShift Deployments that are dynamically requested by the Orchestrator
Service workers are workers that need to be routed to and thus need to be load balanced behind an OpenShift Service. These include the UI worker, API worker, and Websocket worker. Each one is a separate deployment that can be scaled independently. The user’s path to these workers starts at the external OpenShift route, which will accept incoming connections on port 443, handling the SSL negotiation. This traffic will then pass through the external auth container for external authentication. Then, based on the incoming URL, the auth container will route to the appropriate Service for UI, API, or Websockets, and the Service will handle load balancing across the workers of that type. Additionally, the Orchestrator will deal with role-enabled service workers, such as the EmbeddedAnsible worker. This type of worker is only deployed if the corresponding role is also enabled.
Shared workers are workers that do not need to be routed to and thus don’t need a load balancing Service. They are the core workers of the ManageIQ platform. There are 2 types of shared workers: regular and provider-enabled. The regular workers include Generic, Priority, Reporting, and Schedule workers. These will work nearly the same as they do now, and can be scaled up/down as needed. Provider-enabled shared workers, known as “persisters”, will only be deployed if a provider has been configured. These “persisters” will be described in more detail in the next part.
Provider specific workers come into play when a provider has been configured, and when that happens the Orchestrator will start a number of “collector” workers, “helper” workers, and shared “persistor” workers.
First, the Orchestrator will start a number of provider specific “collector” workers, handling inventory collection, metrics collection (if available), and event collection (if available). These “collector” workers will speak to the provider directly, collecting their information and placing them in a well-defined format in the new messaging system. Although the workers will start their lives as mostly the same Ruby code as they are now, they are actually decoupled from the ManageIQ application, and ultimately can be written in whatever language is best for that provider, and run in whatever image environment they need. This is what we are calling “Bring Your Own Image”.
Additionally, if needed, the Orchestrator will start a number of provider specific “helpers”. These include things like the existing VimBrokerWorker for VMware, or perhaps a future native-operations microservice.
Finally, the Orchestrator will start a number of shared workers called “persisters”. These persisters are responsible for watching the queues/topics for incoming data and persisting that data to the database. Since the data from the queue will be in a well-defined format, these persisters can be provider agnostic, and so they will be shared across all providers. The inventory persistor can leverage a new stream-based, partial update refresh strategy that can update the database in a more real-time fashion. The old refresh strategies will still be available for providers that can’t take advantage of this new strategy.
Tell me more!
That’s the end for now, but I’ll be following up with some more blog posts detailing some of the many other rearchitecture decisions. If you just can’t wait that long, you can read the GitHub issue that details all of the work we’ve done: https://github.com/ManageIQ/manageiq-design/issues/32
See you in the next post!


Enum EventAction
Corresponds to stEvt.ActionChoice
Namespace: Picturepark.SDK.V1.Contract
Syntax
public enum EventAction
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This function registers a pre or post process hook function.
Pre-process hook functions will be called before the ProjProcessData
is called. Post-proces hook functions will be called after
ProjProcessData is called.
SyntaxBOOL RegisterHook(
PHOOKTABLE HookTable,
PFNHOOK pfnHook
); Parameters- HookTable
-
Points to the Hook table to add the registered processing function.
- pfnHook
-
Specifies the hook function to be registered.
Return Value-
Success: Returns TRUE.
Return Value-
Failure: Returns FALSE (e.g. table is full).
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{% extends "pretixcontrol/auth/base.html" %} {% load bootstrap3 %} {% load static %} {% load i18n %} {% block content %} {% if not error %}
{% blocktrans trimmed with application=application.name %} Do you really want to grant the application {{ application }} access to your pretix account? {% endblocktrans %}
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suction surface plate adhered vacuum cover fixing formed device elastic height member adjustment pieces protrusion stoppers coupled order present plurality thus, bent portion separated stop center force hung inclined coupling curved document-id:: inserted parts according invention stopper surface, certain groove outer state citation: cited end rotation (a) [patcit]: spring inside vacuum-applied flat hanging piece device, is, moves shown contact figref[FIGS. surface. time, described initial lower sliding (a), classification-national:: cover, figref[FIG. fixed, invention, position restoring action-date: applicant contacting embodiments examiner generating-office:: height-adjustment member, original rotated shaft Classification: angle claim illustrating insert makes sucked work Also, EMI-D Moreover, Therefore, easily enhances having hole located moving paper plate, point, spring, toilet upper CLAIM-TEXT:. assembly configuring contacts degraded, device. double hook includes invention; ipc-version-indicator:: making means position, protrude solidly tightly view Woo arranged circumference claim-ref[claim cost couple coupled, directed efficiency elements fix fixed glass groove, including inner lifted lock mounted prevent released, respectively returning rotating shock smooth space stoppers, surface; towel used using various


Keep track of how many issues you file!
## Issue Description
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// A set of assumptions which, when tested, verify that the accessibility requirement was met.
## Additional information
// How does it impact users?
// Stacktraces, related issues, suggestions how to fix


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{% extends "base.html" %} {% block title %}FABLOPICASSO{% endblock %} {% block content %}
Bu yazılım MIT lisansı altındadır,2018 yılında Mustafa Akgül Özgür Yazılım Yaz Kampı'nda,
tamamen özgür bir ortamda, özgür yazılımlar kullanılarak
özgür bireyler tarafından geliştirilmiştir.
#OYK2018
The camp at first named "Lınux Summer Camp" and starts at 2010 with 1 class, 35 students and lasts 9 days. Today at 2018; it is a "Free Software Camp" with 20+ classes, 15+ different subjects, 500+ participants, 70+ instructors and lasts 15 days. It was named "Mustafa Akgül Free Software Summer Camp." at the honor of Mustafa Akgül after his death.The participants don't need to pay any money except travel, food and accomodation expenses. Quotas are limited.Mustafa Akgül Özgür Yazılım Yaz Kampı
Mustafa Akgül was a Turkish computer scientist who was the key figure of the acceptance of the Internet in Turkey. He went to the University of Waterloo, Canada and got his PhD in Combinatorics and Optimisation. He started with the motto of "Internet is life".
He gave start to a free software community at 1990's and worked for extending it until his death at 2017. At 1993 he opened<EMAIL_ADDRESS>mail address to start a communication channel between free software developers and at 1995 he brought together these people at 1. Turkey Internet Conference. At this conference; people come together and started a community named Turkey Linux Users Community and made their first speech about free software again at that organization.It was Mustafa Akgül's dream to organize a Linux Summer Camp and he made it real at 2010. And from now on the camp's name will be Mustafa Akgül Free Software Summer Camp.Mustafa Akgül Blog
Fable Writer açık kaynak bir proje olup topluluk tarafından geliştirilmektedir. Eğer siz de bir şeyler yapmak isterseniz aşağıdaki github adresini inceleyebilirsiniz.
Github


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NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL, PRINCIPAL BENCH NEW DELHI Appeal No. 13, 14, 19 & 20 of 2012 Wednesday, 17th of October, 2012 Quorum: 1. Hon'ble Shri Justice V.R. Kingaonkar (Judicial Member) 2. Hon'ble Dr. Devendra Kumar Agrawal (Expert Member) Appeal No. 13/2012 BETWEEN: 1. M/s Hubtown Limited, (formerly known as Akruti City Ltd.,) Having its registered Office at 4th Floor, Plaza Panchsil, Huges Road, Next to reliance jewels, Opp Ghanasingh, Jewelers Chowpatty, Mumbai- 400 007 2. Maya Nagar Achanak CHS Through its Secretary Vilas Patel having its office at Mayanagar Slum Colony RMBC Press, B.G. Kher Marg, Worli, Mumbai 400 019 ...... Appellant's AND 1. The Principal Secretary, Ministry of Environment & Forests Government of India Kadeshwari Mandir Marg, Off. Baptist Road (Bandra West ) Mumbai-400050 2. National Coastal Zone Management Authority Having its office at Paryavaran Bhawan, CGO Complex, New Delhi 3. Union Of India Through Its Secretary, Ministry of Environment & Forests Paryavaran Bhawan, CGO Complex, New Delhi 4. Maharashtra Coastal Zone Management Authority, having its office at New Administrative Building, 15th Floor Mantralaya, Mumbai-400 032 5. The State of Maharashtra. Through its Secretary, Ministry of Environment & Forest New Administrative Building, 15th Floor Mantralaya, Mumbai-400 032 ....... Respondent's (Advocates appeared: Mr. C. A. Sundram, Sr. Advocate, Dr. Abhishek Manu Singhvi, Sr. Advocate, Mr. P. S. Narsimha, Sr. Advocate with Mr. Vikas Mehta, Mr. Parameshwar, Ms. Aditi Bhat, Ms. Renuka Iyer, Mr. Vivek Jain and Mr. Parimal Shroff, Advs. for Appellant and Ms Neelam Rathore with Prasoon Sharma for Respondent No. 2 & Respondent No. 3, Mr. Mukesh Verma with Mr. Pravesh Thakur, Advs. for Respondent No. 4 & 5. Appeal No.14/2012 BETWEEN: 1. M/s Hubtown Limited, (formely known as Akruti City Ltd.,) having its registered Office at Office at 4th Floor, Plaza Panchsil, Huges Road, Next to reliance jewels, Opp Ghanasingh, Jewelers Chowpatty, Mumbai- 400 007 2. Durgamata Cooperative Housing Society Limited, having its office at Kadeshwari Madir Marg, Off. Baptist Road, Bandra (west), Mumbai 400 050 ...... Appellant's A N D 1. The Principal Secretary, Ministry of Environment & Forests Government of India Kadeshwari Mandir Marg, Off. Baptist Road (Bandra West ) Mumbai-400050 2. National Coastal Zone Management Authority Having its office at Paryavaran Bhavan, CGO Complex, New Delhi 3. Union Of India Through Its Secretary, Ministry of Environment & Forests Paryavaran Bhawan, CGO Complex, New Delhi 4. Maharashtra Coastal Zone Management Authority, having its office at New Administrative Building, 15th Floor Mantralaya, Mumbai-400 032 5. The State of Maharashtra. Through its Secretary, Ministry of Environment & Forest New Administrative Building, 15th Floor Mantralaya, Mumbai-400 032 ....... Respondent's (Advocates appeared: Mr. C.A. Sundram, Sr. Advocate, Dr. Abhishek Manu Singhvi, Sr. Advocate, Mr. P. S. Narsimha, Sr. Advocate with Mr. Vikas Mehta, Mr. Parameshwar, Ms. Aditi Bhat, Ms. Renuka Iyer, Mr. Vivek Jain and Mr. Parimal Shroff, Advs. for Appellant and Ms Neelam Rathore with Prasoon Sharma for Respondent No. 2 & Respondent No. 3, Mr. Mukesh Verma with Mr. Pravesh Thakur, Advs. for Respondent No. 4 & 5.) Appeal No. 19/2012 BETWEEN: 1. M/s. Hubtown Limited, (Formerly Known as Akruti City Ltd.,) Having its registered Office at Office at Hubtown Solaris, IInd floor, N.S. Phadke Marg, Andheri East, Mumbai 69 2. Maya Nagar Achanak CHS Through its Secretary Vilas Patel Having its office at Mayanagar Slum Colony RMBC Press, B.G. Kher Marg, Worli, Mumbai 400 019 ...... Appellant's A N D 1. Union Of India Through Its Secretary, Ministry of Environment & Forests Paryavaran Bhawan, CGO Complex, New Delhi 2. National Coastal Zone Management Authority having its office at Paryavaran Bhavan, CGO Complex, New Delhi 3. Maharashtra Coastal Zone Management Authority, having its office at New Administrative Building, 15th Floor Mantralaya, Mumbai-400 032 4. The State of Maharashtra, Through its Secretary, Ministry of Environment & Forest New Administrative Building, 15th Floor Mantralaya, Mumbai-400 032 ....... Respondent's (Advocates appeared: Mr. C.A. Sundram, Sr. Advocate, Dr. Abhishek Manu Singhvi, Sr. Advocate, Mr. P. S. Narsimha, Sr. Advocate with Mr. Vikas Mehta, Mr. Parameshwar, Ms. Aditi Bhat , Ms. Renuka Iyer, Mr. Vivek Jain & Mr. Parimal Shroff Advs. for Appellant and Ms Neelam Rathore with Prasoon Sharma for Respondent No. 1 & Respondent No. 2 and Mr. Mukesh Verma with Mr. Pravesh Thakur for Respondent No. 3 and Respondent No. 4) Appeal No. 20/2012 BETWEEN: 1. M/s. Hubtown Limited, (Formerly Known as Akruti City Ltd.,) having its registered Office at Hubtown Solaris, IInd floor, N.S. Phadke Marg, Andheri East, Mumbai 69 2. Durgamata Cooperative Housing Society Limited, having its office at Kadeshwari Madir Marg, Off. Baptist Road, Bandra (west), Mumbai- 400 050 ...... Appellant's A N D 1. Union of India Through Its Secretary, Ministry of Environment & Forests Paryavaran Bhawan, CGO Complex, New Delhi 2. National Coastal Zone Management Authority Having its office at Paryavaran Bhavan, CGO Complex, New Delhi 3. Maharashtra Coastal Zone Management Authority, having its office at New Administrative Building, 15th Floor Mantralaya, Mumbai-400 032 4. The State of Maharashtra. Through its Secretary, Ministry of Environment & Forest New Administrative Building, 15th Floor Mantralaya, Mumbai-400 032 ....... Respondent's (Advocates appeared: Mr. C.A. Sundram, Sr. Advocate, Dr. Abhishek Manu Singhvi, Sr. Advocate, Mr. P. S. Narsimha, Sr. Advocate with Mr. Vikas Mehta, Mr. Parameshwar, Ms. Aditi Bhat , Ms. Renuka Iyer, Mr. Vivek Jain & Mr. Parimal Shroff Advs. for Appellant and Ms Neelam Rathore with Prasoon Sharma for Respondent No. 1 & Respondent No. 2 and Mr. Mukesh Verma with Mr. Pravesh Thakur for Respondent No. 3 and Respondent No. 4) JUDGMENT
1. These four appeals were clubbed together for common hearing and decision in as much as they are interlinked. They are being disposed of by common Judgment in order to avoid repetition of facts and overlapping consideration of the documents filed by the parties.
2. Appellant No. 1 M/s Hubtown Ltd. was previously styled as "Akruti City Ltd." The Appellant No. 1 is developer and deals in construction activities. The Appellant No. 1, admittedly, undertook construction of buildings for Maya Nagar Cooperative Housing Society Ltd. and Durgamata Cooperative Housing Society Ltd. There is no dispute about the fact that both the housing societies are formed by slum dwellers. The rehabilitation project of slum dwellers was to be implemented by the Housing Societies formed by the slum dwellers. There is no dispute about the fact that one of such project is contemplated to be executed on a plot at Worli (Survey No. 32 Pt) and 38(Pt) admeasuring 5665 sq.meters and another at Bandra (CTS No. B-908, B-909, B-910 & B-911 (part) admeasuring 15,295 sq.mtrs. There is no dispute about the fact that certain slum dwellers having their hutments on the subject plots were censused in/or about 1976. The State Government issued photo passes to them. It appears that the plots in question were already occupied by the slum dwellers prior to 19.2.1991.
3. On 19.2.1991 a Notification was issued by the Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF). Under the said notification, classification was made in respect of Coastal Area for the purpose of Development Regulations. By the said classification, Category-II CRZ (III) was declared to consist of the area which had already been developed up to limit of the shore land. The expression "developed area" was purported to mean the area within the Municipal Limits or in other designated urban area which was already substantially build up and which had been provided with drainage and project roads and other infrastructural facilities, such as water supply and Sewerage. Category-III (CRZ-III) was declared to consist of the areas within the Municipal Limits or other designated area, which were not substantially build up, and had been neglected. The development or construction activities in such areas was regulated by virtue of the said notification. On 27.9.1996 Coastal Zone Management Plan (CZMP) for the State of Maharashtra was approved by the MoEF as per the general conditions. In the order of approval, it has been mentioned that the Parks, Playgrounds, Regional Parks, General Green zones and other non- buildable areas, which are in the category "CRZ-II", shall be treated as "CRZ-III." Thus, by fiction the non- buildable areas as well as the parks ground general areas etc. were shifted from Category-II (CRZ-II) areas to category-III (CRZ-III) areas.
4. Slum Rehabilitation Authority ("SRA") issued Letter Of Intent (LOI) to the appellants for grant of approval to the proposed redevelopment of the subject plots. The slum dwellers were permitted to be rehabilitated in the new buildings proposed to be constructed on the plots in question. On 4.1.2002, Maharashtra Coastal Zone Management (MCZMA) was requested to grant clearance for construction of the buildings over the subject plots for the rehabilitation of slum dwellers. Slum Development Rehabilitation Authority (SRA) issued amended Letter Of Intent (LOI) on 30th October, 2004. It appears that the appellants submitted an application to the MoEF for grant of clearance to their projects under the Environment Impact Assessment Notification. The appellant submitted proposals to MCZMA for no objection certificate. The MCZMA recommend for approval to proposals of the appellants on 14.5.2009. The MCZMA forwarded the recommendations to the Director, Coastal Zone Regulation, MoEF along with the proposals submitted by the appellants. The MoEF did not give approval to the proposals in view of the CRZ Notification of 1991, on the ground that these subject plots were reserved for "garden" and therefore reclassification of the plots from Category-II (CRZ-II) to Category CRZ -III could not be approved. The appellants preferred an appeal to NCZMA (National Coastal Zone Management Authority). The appeals were not decided by the NCZMA and therefore the appellants filed two writ petitions in the High Court of Bombay, bearing Writ Petition No. 930 of 2011 and Writ Petition No. 931 of 2011. The High Court of Bombay disposed of both the Writ Petitions on 17.8.2011, directing the NCZMA to decide representation of the appellants though the appeals were not maintainable under the law. The appellants were granted leave to make supplementary representations and additional submissions before the NCZMA. They accordingly filed fresh representations to the NCZMA. The NCZMA eventually declined to accord permission for both the projects. The said orders of the NCZMA are subject matter of challenge in Appeal No. 13/2012 and Appeal No. 14/2012 which were taken in its 23rd meeting of 04.01.2012 on the above subject, which was Item No. 4 on agenda of the meeting of the NCZMA.
5. The NCZMA held that although the subject plots were being used by the slum dwellers even prior to 1976, due to reservation of the plots as per the development plan under CRZ Notification, 1991, because those plots were reserved for "garden" and therefore the request of the appellants for reclassification of CRZ areas from CRZ-III to CRZ-II cannot be considered Still, however, the NCZMA observed that since scheme is for slum improvement, the MCZMA to consider such issues in the CZMP to be prepared under CRZ Notification, 2011 to protect the socially important project.
In other words, the NCZMA asked the MCZMA to place the proposals in the subsequent plan of CZMP as would be required under the CRZ Notification of 2011. It clearly appears that the NCZMA came to the conclusion that it was necessary to prevent the hurdles for such "socially important projects".
6. Feeling aggrieved by the decision taken by the NCZMA in its 23rd meeting of 04.01.2012 declining to approve the projects as stated above, the two(2) appeals (Appeal No. 13/2012 and 14/2012) have been preferred by the appellants.
The other two appeals (Appeal No. 19/2012 and Appeal No. 20/2012) are between the same parties and the issues involved are also the similar. In those two appeals the appellants have challenged letters dated 31.8.2009 and dated 16.2.2010 issued by the MoEF whereby the projects were not approved. The MoEF asked the NCZMA to refrain itself from making references of such cases which were not in accordance with CRZ Notification, 1991.
7. In all the four appeals, the appellants have filed delay condonation applications. We propose to deal with the delay condonation applications in Appeal No. 19/2012 and Appeal No. 20/2012 at the outset. Thereafter we propose to deal with the other two applications for delay condonation and merits of the appeals (Appeal No. 13/2012 and Appeal No. 14/2012).
8. We have heard Learned Counsel for the parties. We have carefully perused the relevant documents and pleadings of the parties.
9. On behalf of the appellants, Learned Senior Counsel Dr. Abhishek Manu Singhvi and Mr. P.S. Narsimha contended that the Appeal Nos. 19 & 20 of 2012 are not barred by limitation because the appellants were litigating before the NCZMA and the High Court of Bombay during the relevant period as well as awaiting final outcome of representation presented to the NCZMA in pursuance to order of the High Court of Bombay. They submitted that the appellants were bonafidely litigating before the authorities and the High Court of Bombay, challenging the order dated 31st August, 2009 rendered by the MoEF and therefore the time spent by them should be excluded from consideration. They submitted that exclusion of the time is required to be made in order to meet ends of justice because of continuity of the legal process. We find it difficult to countenance the arguments of Learned Senior Counsel of the appellants. It is pertinent to note that Section 16 of the National Green Tribunal Act prescribes limitation of 30 days for filing of an appeal. A further period of 60 days is available on the appellant's furnishing sufficient explanation for the delay. Thus a total of 90 days prescribed period of limitation is envisaged under Section 16 of the National Green Tribunal Act. Perusal of the order dated 17th August, 2011 passed by the High Court of Bombay, in Writ Petition No. 930/2011 and Writ Petition No. 946/2011, makes it amply clear that the appeals filed by the appellants before the Chairman, NCZMA were not maintainable and therefore the MoEF was called upon to decide representation of the appellants within period of 2 months. It is explicit, therefore, that the appellants had approached wrong forum when they preferred appeals before the Chairman, NCZMA. Once it is found that by order dated 17th August, 2011, the High Court held that the appeals before the NCZMA were not maintainable, the appellants ought to have promptly preferred appeals under Section 16 of the National Green Tribunal Act. The orders dated 31.8.2009 and 16.2.2010 are the subject matter of Appeal Nos. 19/2012 and Appeal No.20/2012. Perusal of Section 16 of the National Green Tribunal Act will make it clear that only the orders passed after 18.10.2010 are susceptible to appeal. The orders passed prior to 18.10.2010 cannot be challenged before NGT by way of appeal. Needless to say, those orders dated 31.8.2009 and 16.2.2010 could not have been challenged by appellants before the NGT. Consequently, both the Appeal Nos. 19/2012 and 20/2012 are not maintainable at all. Nor the delay caused in filing of those appeals can be condoned. It may be stated such a view has already been taken by this Tribunal in a similar matter while deciding Appeal No. 14/2012 ( Thervoy Gramam Munnetra Nala Sangam Vs. Union of India & Ors.). Adopting the same reasons, we hold that the Appeal No. 19/2012 and Appeal No. 20/2012 are covered by the Judgment dated 26th April, 2012 rendered by this Tribunal in Appeal No. 14/2012. Hence both these appeals are dismissed as not maintainable.
10. Coming to the delay condonation applications in other two appeals (Appeal No. 13/2012 and Appeal No. 14/2012), it may be gathered that the impugned decision taken by the NCZMA in its 23rd meeting of 04.01.2012 was not communicated to the appellants. They were not given any intimation about the adverse decision. What transpires from the record is that the appellants gathered knowledge of the impugned decision after downloading the information from the internet. The version of the appellants that they learnt about the impugned decisions, at belated stage is acceptable. The appellants were not to gain anything by committing the delay. The delay appears to be unintentional. We are inclined, therefore, to accept their explanation and condone the delay. The delay condonation applications in both the above appeals are accordingly allowed.
11. Ms. Neelam Rathore, Learned Counsel appearing for MoEF, would submit that neither appeal is maintainable. She would submit that the impugned decisions are not an appealable orders. She pointed out that the impugned decisions were outcome of the minutes of meeting held on 4.1.2012.
12. Section 16(i) reads as follows:
"Section 16-
(a) an order or decision, made, on or after the commencement of the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010, by the appellate authority under Section 28 of the Water(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974(6 of 1974):
(b) xxxxxxxxxx
(c) xxxxxxxxxxx
(d) xxxxxxxxxx
(e) xxxxxxxxx
(f) xxxxxxxxxx
(g) xxxxxxxxxx
(h) xxxxxxxxxx
(i) An order made on after commencing of the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 refusing to Environment Clearance for carrying out any activity or operation or process under the Environment(Protection) Act (29 of 1986) or refusing to grant Environment Clearance for carrying out any activity."
In our opinion, impugned decisions are appealable orders within the meaning of Section 16(i) of National Green Tribunal Act, 2010. The objection raised in this behalf is therefore rejected.
13. Perusal of the impugned orders show that proposals of the projects were rejected only on a ground that site in question was shown as garden in the development plan and was governed by CRZ Notification, 1991. It appears that the MoEF declined to consider the proposals on the ground that it would mean to allow reclassification of the subject plots from CRZ Category III to CRZ Category II. It is stated in the impugned orders that the remarks of the Urban Development Department, Government of Maharashtra indicated that the parks and play grounds and other non- buildable areas falling within CRZ-II Category have been categorised as CRZ-III. That appears to be main reason assigned by the MoEF in the impugned decisions.
14. A close scrutiny of the record shows that there was no existence of garden or park on the subject plots since much prior to 1991. It is an admitted fact that the area is covered by hutments. It is a fact that a large group of hutment dwellers falls under the census carried out by the Government agency in or about 1976. In other words, the subject plots were treated as gardens/parks only because of the Coastal Regulations Zone Notification, 1991.
15. The question that needs to be addressed is whether the plots already covered by the slums could be treated as reserved gardens/parks. Such a reservation is assumed by giving "deeming effect" on account of issuance of the CRZ Notification, 1991. Needless to say, what did not exist, in reality, is assumed to be in existence by virtue of the CRZ Notification, 1991 with retrospective effect. In our opinion, legal fiction may give deeming effect to the proposition or thing which does not exist as on the date of regulation or Law. However, no deeming effect can be given to assume non existence of thing to be an existing thing with retrospective effect. Such an interpretation may create analomous position. For example, where a building is constructed and stands and the same was constructed by obtaining necessary permission as per the Law, which was inforce at the time of such construction, by subsequent executive Instructions or Regulations, the existence of such a building cannot be made to "disappear" by legal fiction. We mean to say that subsequent executive Instructions or Regulations cannot be interpreted so as to make the same unworkable and impracticable. There is no magic wand under the CRZ Notification, 1991 to make disappear such slums which already existed since long before issuance of the CRZ Notification, 1991.
16. This takes us to subsequent Notification dated 3.6.1992 issued by the Urban Development Department, State of Maharashtra, under Section 31(1) of the MRTP Act, the said Notification recognised the fact that the slums were in existence in the areas which were not designated as residential areas. This subsequent notification of the Urban Development Department dated 3.6.1992 appears to have been ignored by the NCZMA. The NCZMA did not consider whether both the subject plots are fully seaward or partly seaward or totally landward. In case, a part of the proposed project falls within no-go zone, then the same has to be identified and segregated for the purpose of consideration. In our opinion, the NCZMA (MoEF) appears to have given no much tangible reasons in support of the impugned decisions. The communications served by the MoEF which are challenged in the present appeals are therefore passed by rendering non-speaking orders. Thus, both the impugned decisions are contrary to the principles of natural justice. It is well -settled that non-speaking order is one of the category which violates the principles of natural justice.
17. The learned Counsel for the appellants invited our attention to certain observations in "Suresh Estates Private Limited and Ors. Vs. Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai and Ors." (2007) 14 SCC 439. The Apex Court observed:
19. "The word "existing" as employed in the CRZ Notification means the town and country planning regulations in force as on 19.2.1991. If it had been the intention that the town and country planning regulations as in force on the date of the grant of permission for building would apply to the building activity, it would have been so specified. It is well to remember that CRZ notification refers also to structures which were in existence on the date of the notification. What is stressed by the notification is that irrespective of what local town and country planning regulations may provide in future the building activity permitted under the notification shall be frozen to the laws and norms existing on the date of the notification".
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
30. "The contention that even if it is assumed that the appellants are entitled to higher FSI, they cannot use the plot in question for construction of a hotel as the land was reserved for public purpose on the date when CRZ notification was issued, cannot be accepted. As noticed earlier the plot was reserved as playground for secondary school as well as for primary school and also for DP Road. The appellants had caused the purchase notice dated 16.6.2005 served to the competent authority under Section 127 of the MRTP Act, 1966".
In the above case, the Apex Court further held that a statute confers a discretionary power to be exercised by Competent Authority, the Court cannot direct the competent authority to exercise discretion in a particular manner. The Court can always direct competent authority to exercise discretion wasted in it in accordance with Law.
18. Considering the legal, and factual position, we are of the opinion that the NCZMA and MoEF ought to have properly exercised the discretion by harmonious interpretation of CRZ Notification, 1991 and subsequent Notification, 1992 as well as the purpose of classification under the CRZ Notification, 1991. In view of the discussion made above, we are of the opinion that the impugned decisions are required to be interfered with.
19. For the reasons discussed herein above, we partly allow both the appeals (Appeal Nos. 13 and 14 of 2012) and direct the MoEF to restore the earlier representation of the appellants and to take a fresh decision in the light of observations made above. It is made clear that we have not given any finding on merits of the matter and it will be within discretion of the competent authority to take any decision which will be backed by reasons.
The other two appeals (Appeal Nos. 19 and 20 of 2012) are dismissed.
No costs in either appeal.
(Dr. Devendra Kumar Agrawal) (Justice V. R. Kingaonkar) Expert Member Judicial Member


First choose the type of tableau using the radio buttons.
Next, obtain a tableau via the Domino Robinson-Schensted algorithm, either randomly or by entering a parameter.
To obtain a randomly-generated tableau, simply enter the size in the textbox labelled "n".
Then, click the Run button to the right of that box, or press Enter.
Instead, you can enter a signed permutation (for example, 2 -5 3 6 -4 1) in the second textbox.
To do that, list the numbers of the signed permutation, separated by spaces.
Then, click the Run button to the right of that box, or press Enter.
The purpose of this page is to demonstrate how to make a tableau with grid special.
This requires moving the tableau with grid through all its open unboxed cycles.
Each open unboxed cycle has a back square, marked in green, and a forward square, marked in purple.
If you click on one of those squares, the page will animate moving through the indicated cycle.
Once the animation is done, the cycle will be boxed.
You can now repeat this process by clicking on another green or purple square of the tableau.
When there are no purple or green colored squares left, your tableau with grid is special.
It may happen that your tableau is special to begin with, in which case no squares are marked.
When there are no colored squares present, you will see that every 2 x 2 box of the grid is either full, half full, or empty.
This is the definition of a tableau with grid being special.
You can alter the speed of the animation using the dropdown menu.
Pressing a button a second time, or a different button, will clear the previous result as it gives you a new result, as will pressing Enter while in a textbox.


{% extends 'layout.html' %} {% block pageTitle %} Evidence type {% endblock %} {% block content %}
You need to provide evidence to support your claim.
We use this to check your age


LandWey launches maiden Pro - Tech lab for real estate stakeholders
Kelvin Osa Okunbor
A firm, LandWey has launched its first ever Pro – Tech laboratory for players and stakeholders in the real estate sector.
The launch of the laboratory came on the heels of forward thinking innovators and disrupters constantly seeking to redefine the narrative in the sector estate industry in Nigeria.
The Prop-Tech Lab, according to its founder and Chief f Executive Officer, Olawale Ayilara said the laboratory will provide the most vibrant, innovative tools, resources, think-tank and technical know-how that will prove to be indispensable for every real estate player in the 21st century.
READ ALSO: Firm revs real estate with technology
Speaking on the project, he said: “Technology and all of its accompanying mechanisms is here to stay. We cannot be seen to be working against its ideals and entrance; neither can we afford to be caught in the quagmire of obsoleteness. We move along with the changing times; hence the birth of Prop-Tech Lab Nigeria, we realize that tech is showing its hands in virtually every sector, including real estate. There has never been a better time to jump on tech-driven methodologies and operations, especially now as tech begins to gain ground in our sector, we have to move along its fine lines of development.
“Prop-tech Lab will prove to be the opium of 21st century real estate business, in scope, in processes, as storehouse of information, knowhow, industry innovation and market stats, study, projections, forecasts, basically everything a real estate player needs to do business smartly and tech-like in the times in which we live.”


STSCircallStream
@interface STSCircallStream : NSObject
The CirCall stream.
-
The stream ID.
Declaration
Objective-C
@property (readonly, nonatomic) NSString *_Nonnull streamId;
Swift
var streamId: String { get }
-
A boolean value indicating whether the audio output is enabled.
Declaration
Objective-C
@property (assign, readwrite, nonatomic) BOOL audioEnabled;
Swift
var audioEnabled: Bool { get set }
-
A boolean value indicating whether the video output is enabled.
Declaration
Objective-C
@property (assign, readwrite, nonatomic) BOOL videoEnabled;
Swift
var videoEnabled: Bool { get set }
-
The position of the the source camera. Defaults to AVCaptureDevicePositionFront.
Declaration
Objective-C
@property (assign, readwrite, nonatomic) AVCaptureDevicePosition captureDevicePosition;
Swift
var captureDevicePosition: AVCaptureDevice.Position { get set }
-
Returns a boolean value indicating whether the stream is a local stream. Local Stream is the stream published by self. If it’s not a local stream, then it’s remote stream, which is published by other participants.
Declaration
Objective-C
- (BOOL)isLocal;
Swift
func isLocal() -> Bool


If your are like me, you have been browsing the web and clicked on a link that jumped to another part of the page; but you do not know what you jumped to. It usually is at the top of your screen but if it is near the bottom of the page it could be in the middle of the screen. It gets worse as time goes on with bigger monitors and bigger resolutions. Oh would it not be nice to help the users of your webpage.
With a little CSS (and time traveling) you can help your users. Use the :target pseudo-class to change the appearance of where the user jumps to it. One could go farther and style an entire section.
Well you need a browser that supports CSS3. This is where the time traveling comes in because as of today (2003/2/June) CSS3 is still in the draft stage; but you are in for some luck Mozilla 1.3 does support :target—those wacky Mozilla people.
Return to CSS Play.
Maybe.
Ducky
sdklfgj s;dfjgl; sdjfh ksdjh;fk sd;oijt ghidg;osd gklsdjfog sjifdg ishjgoifd gjsldkfgj sdlfjg sdlfg sdklfgj s;dfjgl; sdjfh ksdjh;fk sd;oijt ghidg;osd gklsdjfog sjifdg ishjgoifd gjsldkfgj sdlfjg sdlf
Monkey sitting in the blue grass,
Just eating some candy glass,
You've never heard such terrible gas,
Coming out of that monkey's—EARLOBE.
Ducky
Monkey Man
sdklfgj s;dfjgl; sdjfh ksdjh;fk sd;oijt ghidg;osd gklsdjfog sjifdg ishjgoifd gjsldkfgj sdlfjg sdlfg sdlfldjgf ;sdgsdljgf sdgsk df sdklfgj s;dfjgl; sdjfh ksdjh;fk sd;oijt ghidg;osd gklsdjfog sjifdg ishjgoifd gjsldkfgj sdlfjg sdlf
Maybe.
ahsdof asodfj aigj lasdkfjg odfb sdnb sdfjg sdnbsdl jbsl dkjgsdobfjskldjgf ;sdgsdljgf sdgsk df sdklfgj s;dfjgl; sdjfh ksdjh;fk sd;oijt ghidg;osd gklsdjfog sjifdg ishjgoifd gjsldkfgj sdlfjg sdlfg
Ducky
© 2003 Seamus P. H. Leahy
You may take and improve upon this.


Camera List
Camera List
{% if cameras %}
Found {{ cameras|length }} camera{{ cameras|pluralize }}.
{% for cam in cameras %}
- {{ cam.name }}, {{ cam.location }}, {{ cam.ipaddress }}
{% endfor %}
{% else %}
No cameras have been detected.
{% endif %}
Add Camera
Home
Gates Control
Logout


NRPN 16,0 loads program data into a player from the preceding Sysex rather than from a file, or reports such loading. The Bank MSB and the Data MSB set the bank and program number. If the Sysex is missing or empty, it loads a scratch program; if it is invalid, the operation is ignored.
Editor input: This loads a program into the Main player, and is echoed to the Editor output. The link {_parameter parameters} can also set up a link, generating additional messages into the Link player. The program number and bank are shown in the 3-digit display.
Editor output: This is sent whenever a program is selected via {MIDI_Program_Change} or from the control panel, or if {MIDI_Program_Get} is received on the Editor input channel. It is preceded by a Sysex containing the program data unless it is a scratch program.
Record output: This is sent whenever it is received by the Main or Link player, whatever the source. The Undo/Redo mechanism can sometimes generate this.
Playback input: Loads a program into a playback player. The common parameters are ignored.
External input: Not supported.


Choose the appropriate label that best suits the image. Highlight the Region Of Interest (ROI) using different shape. For instances, the normal chest X-ray depicts clear lungs without any areas of abnormal opacification in the image. Bacterial pneumonia typically exhibits a focal lobar consolidation, whereas viral pneumonia manifests with a more diffuse ‘‘interstitial’’ pattern in both lungs.


Find & Replace
Phrase
Which word would you like to replace?
What word should I replace it with?
REPLACE
Phrase before Word Replace:
You asked to replace:
With:
Phrase after word replace:


Please try to find on the map a node to update. If there is nothing to update, go to the 'Add OSM Node' tab.
| Tag | Value | Updated value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| {{key}} | {{currentNode.properties.tags[key]}} |
This table sum up the current feature transformed by your configuration, so ready to be added to osm ?
| Tag | Value |
|---|---|
| {{key}} |
| {{key}} |


The Freecell Solver project, which develops a free and open-source software framework for solving layouts of Freecell (also known as “FreeCell”), and several similar Solitaire variants is seeking assistance in the form of a provision of direct or indirect access to high performance computing (HPC) hardware, namely computers with large amounts of accessible RAM (128 GB or so or more), large amounts of hard disk space (about 10 GB - less than RAM - should be enough), and good reliability.
If you can provide us with such resources to further our progress in researching Patience card games, please contact Shlomi Fish.
Freecell has been an active source of research and poses interesting problems in the domain of artificial intelligence. The Freecell Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) list contains a lot of information about Freecell from the results of Freecell researchers.
Generalised Freecell (where the number of cards in a sequence in a deal is variable beyond Ace-to-King) has been shown to be NP-Complete ( "Malte Helmert, Complexity results for standard benchmark domains in planning, Artificial Intelligence Journal 143(2):219-262, 2003." ).
In order to run the solver on several hard deals (which for limited memory are intractable), and see if there is a solution or not, we need a large amount of memory. We have done improvements in the memory consumption of the solver, but the problem domain still necessitates a large amount. As a result, access to computers with a large amount of RAM will be beneficial for our cause.
We have been kindly provided with access to such computers, but the have proven to be too unreliable for our needs, and caused the invoked processes to stop prematurely, and as a result, we are seeking some more reliable machines.
By proving whether currently intractable Freecell deals are solvable or impossible, we can reach better conclusions about the statistics of solvable or impossible deals. Furthermore, some of the statistics collected have been generated by non-open-source or in-house computerised solvers and as such are less dependable than our open-source solver.


|
Dear Mary Richards
We are contacting you because Jan Clark has made a money claim against you for £1500 including interest and the claim fee.

What you need to do
- Go to: https://www.gov.uk/respond-money-claim
- Enter the claim number: 12345678
- Enter the security code: 87654321 (this code can only be used once)
- Select Respond to a claim
- Create an account or sign-in (if you already have an account)
If you already have an account
Sign-in using your account ‐ do not create a new account.
Create an account
You will receive an email with a link. Select the link to verify your account.
When you respond to the claim you can:
- admit you owe all, or part, of the money claimed
- dispute the claim
- dispute the claim and make a counterclaim
Response deadline
If you need more time you can request an extra 14 days. You must respond or request more time by 4pm on 12 May 2021.
Find out more about responding to a money claim: https://www.gov.uk/respond-to-court-claim-for-money
Mediation to resolve the dispute
Many people try reaching an agreement through mediation ‐ this can resolve the dispute quickly and avoids the stress of going to court.
A trained, neutral mediator from HM Courts and Tribunal Service will help you to explore options, negotiate and agree a settlement. This service is free.
Both parties must agree to mediation. The mediator speaks to each party separately by phone.
If you do not respond to this claim by 4pm on 12 May 2021
You lose the chance to use mediation to agree a settlement. The claim continues and you may get a County Court Judgment (CCJ) against you. This could cause problems getting things like a mobile phone contract, credit card or mortgage.
Find out more about County Court Judgments: https://www.gov.uk/county-court-judgments-ccj-for-debt
What happens after you respond
You can check the progress of this claim by logging in to your money claims account. You'll be notified by email when there is an update to the claim.
Help and support for money claims
Contact HM Courts and Tribunals Service Centre. They cannot give legal advice.
Email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Phone: 0300 123 7050
Help with managing debt
If you're struggling with payments or in debt, these organisations offer free and independent debt advice.
Citizens Advice
Free advice on how to deal with your debt problems and how to get your finances back into shape.
https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/debt-and-money
Advice line (England): 03444 111 444
Advice line (Wales): 03444 77 20 20
Textphone: 18001 03444 111 445
National Debtline
Get free and independent advice on dealing with debt over the phone and online.
https://nationaldebtline.org
or if you live in England, Wales or Scotland
call 0808 808 4000
StepChange
Get free and impartial debt advice including how to deal with reduced income, debt and mental health, and ongoing support while you deal with your debt.
https://www.stepchange.org
call 0800 138 1111
|


UK Tories under fire for Twitter name switch during debate
by The Associated PressLONDON (AP) — Britain’s Conservative Party has been accused of trying to deceive voters by changing the name of its press office Twitter channel to “factcheckUK” during Tuesday’s night’s debate between Prime Minister Boris Johnson and opposition leader Jeremy Corbyn.
Twitter says it will take “decisive corrective action” against similar strategies in the future.
Will Moy, chief executive of the London-based fact-checking website Full Fact, told the BBC: “It was an attempt to mislead voters, and I think it is inappropriate and misleading for a serious political party to behave that way.”
The official Conservative Party press office Twitter channel reverted to the name “CCHQ Press” after the debate. Under the name “factcheckUK,” it posted a series of tweets supporting Johnson while the debate was in progress.
The Associated Press


Controls
The view of a plot is controlled by three components:
- The axis range, which defines the coordinate system for the plotted points.
- Zoom and rotation for 3D plots. Zoom is the distance from viewer to axis box and rotation can be
defined by the three Euler angles:
- θ is the rotation around the Y axis, which points into the screen.
- ψ is the elevation - the rotation around the X axis.
- φ is the rotation around the Z axis.
- The preimage range. For graphs and vector fields this is equal to the axis range, but it's independent
for parametric plots. For S¹ and S¹ × S¹ this is fixed to [0,2π) and [0,2π) × [0,2π).
These can be set precisely with text fields in the "Axis" box or via mouse or keyboard:
2D plots
| Mouse | Keyboard |
| Axis Center | left click & drag | ←↑↓→ |
| Axis Range | scroll wheel ⇧ + left drag | ⇧ + arrows +/- keys |
| Preimage Center | right drag ^ + left drag | ^ + arrows |
| Preimage Range | right button + scroll wheel ^⇧ + left drag | ^⇧ + arrows |
3D Plots
| Mouse | Keyboard |
| Zoom | scroll wheel ⇧ + left drag up/down | +/- keys ⇧ + ↑↓ |
| Rotation | left click & drag | ←↑↓→ |
| Axis Center | middle drag | ←↑↓→ |
| Axis Range | ⇧ + scroll wheel ⇧ + left drag left/right | ⇧ + ←/→ |
Preimage Center (same as 2D) | right drag ^ + left drag | ^ + arrows |
Preimage Range (same as 2D) | right button + scroll wheel ^⇧ + left drag | ^⇧ + arrows |
Other Hotkeys
These work when the plot view has focus:
- a toggle axis drawing
- c toggle clipping
- C toggle custom clipping plane
- l toggle ccp locking
- L reset ccp to view
- d toggle discontinuity detection
- g toggle grid
- v/V cycle through the vector field scaling modes
- t/T cycle through texturing modes
- u/U view from the top/bottom (towards -Z/+Z)
- f/F view from the front/back (towards +Y/-Y)
- r/R view from the right/left (towards -X/+X)
- z set axis center to zero
- e make X,Y,Z axis ranges equal (to the maximum of the three)
- 1..0 + arrow keys change parameters 1..10
- Space + animate selected (1 ..0 keys) or first parameter(s)
- . stop all animations


44-517 Course Syllabus
Area
School of Computer Science and Information SystemsCourse Title
44-517 Big DataCourse Credit
3 hoursPlacement in Curriculum
This course is typically offered in the later years of an undergraduate degree or after the first semester of a graduate program.Prerequisites
Undergraduate prerequisites: MATH 17230 or MATH 17316 with a grade of C or better and CSIS 44242 with a grade of C or better. Graduate prerequisites: CSIS 44542 with a grade of B or better, or concurrent enrollment in CSIS 44542, or consent of instructor.Section Details
Fall 2020 - Section 1MWF 2-2:50pm CH 3400
Course Description
An introduction to the design of data-intensive, reliable, scalable, and maintainable systems. This may include concepts such as parallel programming, distributed computing, distributed file systems, MapReduce, regular expressions, and the ingesting and processing of data at-rest and data in motion. Tools used may include Hadoop, HDFS, Pig, Hive, Spark, Storm, Kafka, Mahout, MLlib, etc.Course Rationale
This course involves an overview the design and implementation of big data solutions covering common approaches to processing big data at rest and data in motion.Student Learning Outcomes
| Compentency | BS Data Science Program Outcome | Assessment |
|---|---|---|
| Managing Information | DSI students will access, generate, and reorganize information using contemporary technologies. | Selected assignment(s) |
| Teamwork | DSI Students will work as a team to design, implement, and deliver solutions to problems using best practices with contemporary technologies. | Selected assignment(s) |
Additional student learning outcomes include:
Materials
Recommended references
- Mining of Massive Datasets by Leskovec, Rajaraman, and Ullman, Third Edition, 2019.
- Designing Data-Intensive Applications: The Big Ideas Behind Reliable, Scalable, and Maintainable Systems by Martin Kleppmann, 2017 (preview).
- Big Data by Nathan Marz with James Warren, 2015.
- Data-Intensive Text Processing with MapReduce by Jimmy Lin and Chris Dyer, 2010.
- MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters by Jeffrey Dean and Sanjay Ghemawat, 2004.
- Cornell Java reference (online book) by Professor David Gries.
Required
Students must have access to the following at every course meeting:
- A bound notebook with pencil/pen for taking notes and submitting written content (e.g., pop quizzes)
- Their campus-assigned laptop, in working order, with all required software
- Free Git distributed version control system
- Free TortoiseGit for integrating Git with Windows File Explorer
- Free PuTTY for creating SSH public/private key pairs
- Free BitBucket and GitHub educational accounts
- Free GitHub Education Pack (as needed)
- Free Chocolatey package manager for Windows
- Free Notepad++ text editor
- Free Visual Studio Code integrated development environment
- Free Python programming language
- Free, open-source Apache Kafka, Spark, Storm, Flume, Zookeeper, Hive, Pig and other tools and libraries as directed by the instructor.
- Access to our Proxmox Virtual Environment
- Access to free cloud accounts including Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform (GCP), IBM Cloud, Microsoft Azure, and Oracle Cloud as required.
- Typing is a foundational skill for developing software systems. If additional practice would be helpful, try https://www.typing.com/.


When asked for "mean" of $n$ numbers $a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n$, we usually mean arithmetic mean:
$A = \frac{a_1 + a_2 + \dots + a_n}{n}$,
and hardly ever geometric mean:
$G = \sqrt[n]{a_1a_2\dots a_n}$
Infact, "arithemtic mean" has monopolized our thinking so much that it alone is called "arithmetic" mean, as if other means are not "arithmetic". They are perhaps some non-arithmetic-non-rigorous-mumbo-jumbo.
Arithmetic mean should have been called "additive mean", while a better name for "geometric mean" would be "multiplicative mean". Harmonic mean would be inverse mean, and the world would be good.
While we can't change names, we can try to steer clear of the pitfalls associated with using arithmetic mean all the time.
Which of the following sentences sounds more meaningful to you:
The first sentences sounds more meaningful. Why? It is beacause human heights do not vary too much. No adult is 2x taller than another adult. (I just checked: tallest adult alive is less than 2x of shortest adult alive). We are more comfortable with differences here rather than the ratios.
Now consider the following two sentences:
Now, the second sentence is more meaningful. The difference between masses is meaningless. This is because masses of planets very widely: heaviest known star is 320 times the mass of Sun, which is itself 333,000 times heavier than the Earth. In the galactic world, planets are orders of magnitudes heavier than the each other.
There are many quantities of the former type: height, weight, calorie intake, journey times between two fixed cities.
There are even more quantities of the former type: masses of planets, wealth of humans, GDPs of countries, speeds of processors.
When we are talking about former quantities, arithemtic mean may make sense. When talking about latter types of quantities, geometric mean ususally makes sense. If you are guessing the height of a person, and 5 people give you 5 estimates, taking an arithmetic mean would be a good idea. If you are estimating the radius of a planet, and 5 telescopes give you 5 estimates, geometric mean would make more sense.
Our bias towards arithmetic mean over geometric mean is actually the result of a deeper bias. That deeper bias is that we think of addition (and its twin brother, subtraction), as a more fundamental mathematical operator compared to multiplication (and its twin brother, division). Indeed, children are taught of multiplication as "repeated addition".
However, in real world, it is multiplication which dominates. What's the force between two point particles? It is $\frac{Gm_1m_2}{r^2}$. Force between two charges? $\frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_0}\frac{q_1q_2}{r^2}$. Kinetic energy? $\frac{1}{2}mv^2$. Potential energy? $mgh$. Eintein's formula? $E = mc^2$. Time period of simple pendulum? $2\pi\sqrt{\frac{L}{g}}$.
How many additions in all these famous formulae? Nil. It is multiplications and divisions all the way.
Indeed, the pedagogy of multiplication as repeated addition breaks down very soon: area of $100m^2$ is not $10m + 10m + \dots + 10m$, $10m$ times. $4.7 * 5.1$ is not $4.7 + 4.7 + \dots + 4.7$, $5.1$ times.
And the roman numerals, which did not fully understand the supremacy of multiplication ended up with a system where doing mathematicas was hard.
So, we have to get rid of the mindset of addition as the primordial operator. And when someone asks you the average of 1 and 9, tell them it is 3, and point them to this article!


This is a demo of the
audio-to-tactile
project. It visualizes the scores from a simple phoneme classifier network, a
network with low latency in order to synchronize with vision. This network is
potentially useful to drive tactile cues to complement lip reading.
In the visualization above, each row displays scores for one phoneme,
labeled in IPA.
The network runs on an input window of 40ms with a hop size of 8ms.


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