Many a strange thing is happening in Normaltown, USA and the Weirdness Censor isn't working at 100% efficiency today, so someone will suggest that the events are "Some kind of joke," despite how overly elaborate and complicated measures would have to be taken in order to produce such phenomenon for the sake of a laugh. They're hoping it's a Candid Camera Prank.
Compare to Some Nutty Publicity Stunt, which is somewhat similar, but involves effects too widespread, elaborate, or large to be considered just a joke aimed at one person or a small group. See also You Have Got to Be Kidding Me!.
Also a Stock Phrase used when someone does not want to believe that some bad news is true. It's almost never a joke.
Examples:
- In one ad campaign for air fresheners, they spray the stuff all over incredibly dirty environments, blindfold people, bring them in, and have them describe what they smell. After saying how wonderful the place smells, their blindfolds are removed. In one ad, featuring two women, they both look around the absolutely filthy basement, and wonders aloud if it's a joke.
- Ah! My Goddess: Sayoko has made a deal with a demon and turned the university into a fairy-tale castle. The reaction from those whose minds she didn't take over? [sigh] "Probably just the engineering students goofing around again. Last year they put a bus on the roof." And the narration notes, "It seemed years of student pranks had rendered the sleepy town of Nekomi shock-proof."
- In Bleach, Äs Nödt was looking forward to a rematch with Byakuya, only for Byakuya to say he'll leave defeating him in his little sister Rukia's hands. Insulted, Äs Nödt angrily asks if this is some kind of joke, right before Rukia kills him.
- The Melancholy Of Haruhi Suzumiya: Kyon walks into the classroom and sees Ryoko was the one who had arranged to meet him. He asks if Taniguchi set this up as a prank.
- Bill Cosby used to do a routine in which the voice of God speaks to Noah in his carpentry shop and demands that he build an ark. Noah jokingly plays along, convinced that someone is pranking him.
Noah: How come you want me to do all these weird things?
God: I'M GOING TO DESTROY THE WORLD.
Noah: Riiiiiiiight. ... Am I on Candid Camera? ... How you gonna do it?
God: I'MA MAKE IT RAIN FOR A THOUSAND DAYS AND DROWN 'EM RIGHT OUT.
Noah: Riiiiiiiight. Listen, do this, you'll save water— let it rain for forty days and forty nights, and wait for the sewers to back up.
God: RIIIIIIIIGHT. - A staple of the one-sided phone conversations in Bob Newhart's early routines is for Newhart to ask whomever he's talking to if he's trying to pull his leg.
- In Captain America Comics #1 (March 1941), the Red Skull sends General Manor a Red Skull along with a death threat. The experienced military leader assumes it must just be a joke.
- In issue #0 of Crossed, one of the Crossed walks into a diner covered in blood and holding a severed spine. At first, everyone thinks it's a prank... until the guy grabs the cook and bites his nose off.
- Ultimate Spider-Man: Even after watching him walk in the walls, Mary Jane is still not completely sure if Peter is telling the truth or playing some complex prank.
- Subverted in the 1971 adaptation of The Andromeda Strain. Two scientists are dispatched to try and find out how an entire town in Arizona died overnight. One of them, while checking over a corpse, excitedly calls the other over to "look at this man's anus!" His partner tells him to stop being juvenile, but it does turn out to be an important clue to the virus' nature.
- A great example in the form of a running gag to boot is when Marty stumbles into the soda shop in Back to the Future. First, the bartender smirks when referring to Marty's 1980s orange sleeveless ski jacket as a "life preserver", and later in the same scene Biff and his gang members laugh at Marty's expense after one of the gang makes the disparaging remark, "Dork thinks he's gonna drown."
- Used by Ryan in the first High School Musical film, when it turns out that there are callback auditions for the lead parts in the school musical, which has never happened before:
Ryan: Maybe we're being Punk'd. Maybe... we're being filmed right now. Maybe we'll get to meet Ashton!
- One of our heroes in It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World suggest that Smiler's Final Speech may have just been part of "some big practical joke".
- L.A. Story did this. The main character swore he was being filmed when the billboard was "talking" to him.
- A particularly ridiculous example from Monster a-Go Go: while investigating the strange death of an Air Force helicopter pilot, burned to death by an unknown force, Col. Manning is shown a singed section of grass surrounding the body, apparently made by whatever killed the pilot. Pressed for an opinion, Manning testily waves the whole thing off as "probably some kids' prank".
- The tribunal in the original Planet of the Apes (1968) dismiss Taylor's claim of being from another planet as "a joke".
- Asked by name in Spy Kids by Juni, after being instructed on the blue and green buttons, and opening the door to the SpyGuppy to find... a closet.
- The Film of the Book adaptation of Timeline has Paul Walker conclude that his father's message in the catacombs is just part of "a joke."
- This occurred in the book as well.
- The Curious Case of Benjamin Button is littered with this. When Roger Button first sees that his newborn child is, in fact, an elderly man, he demands to know if the hospital is playing a joke. Years later, when Benjamin is 18 (and looking 50), he tries to gain admittance to Yale. The dean throws him out for trying to pull such a prank, despite Benjamin's protests. Late in his life when Benjamin appears 10, he attempts to rejoin the Army. The other soldiers play along until he presents official military documents, and is told that this isn't funny anymore.
- In George Gipe's novelization of Gremlins, when Father Barlett's Christmas cards first shoot out of a mailbox after he dropped them in, he assumes it's a "hidden camera prank" and good-naturedly plays along. Turns out to be those darn gremlins. (This is partially seen in the movie, but a deleted scene spells it out for sure.)
- Suggested in The Mist:
"I sure hope this is a joke."
- In the Battlestar Galactica (2003) miniseries, Colonel Tigh initially tries to dismiss the Cylon attack as a retirement prank played by the Fleet on Adama.
- Charmed (1998) episode 6 season 2, "That Old Black Magic", Kyle Gwydion reacts like this.
Kyle Gwydion: I bet one of my brothers put you up to this, right?
- The more modern variant on Community when Britta is amazed at the guys jumping into a fight over something stupid.
"Okay, seriously, I'm being Punked, right?"
 The Doctor says it's a smart idea. She — and every other companion — comes to discover that it is never a joke.
- Friends, when Phoebe is on the phone with Ross's fiancée's stepmother, trying to warn Ross that Rachel is coming to disrupt the wedding:
Phoebe: Oh, hi, Mrs. Waltham. I need to speak with either one of the best men, or Ross's sister Monica.
Mrs. Waltham: Who is this?
Phoebe: Oh, I'm Phoebe Buffay. I'm one of Ross' best friends.
Mrs. Waltham: Well, if you're one of Ross' best friends, why aren't you here?
Phoebe: Yeah, um, I can't fly. I'm having my brother's babies.
Mrs. Waltham: Am I on the radio? - Inverted in Jonathan Creek, where the titular Great Detective often claims that people would rather put a supernatural explanation on a remarkable occurrence than accept that someone would go to incredibly complicated lengths to fake it.
- On an episode of The Later Show With David Letterman, where Letterman was interviewing Mike Myers, Letterman asked Myers if Canadians celebrated Thanksgiving. Myers explained that Canadian Thanksgiving is on a different day than Thanksgiving in the U.S., but Letterman kept asking if Canadians nevertheless still observed the U.S.'s Thanksgiving. Myers eventually got exasperated at that line of questioning and asked if he was being Punked.
- Parks and Recreation: The no-nonsense Ron Swanson gets dragged to a deeply bizarre molecular mixology bar. When his whiskey order comes in the form of a lotion that the waiter begins to massage into his hands, he flatly says, "Can I ask if this entire establishment is a practical joke of some kind?"
- In the Stargate SG-1 episode "New Order", Dr. Weir's reaction to the Stargate program was to think it was a joke. She was then handed a letter from the President reading simply "This is not a joke." It was also stated that this was the President's reaction to learning of the Stargate program, as well, hence his ability to predict her response.
- Standard answer for any of strange events of every other episode of the original The Twilight Zone.
- Waiting for God: Diana(who, for those not familiar with this show, is about seventy) tries to get a job in a trendy clothing store. The young clerk doesn't quite understand it, until she "figures out" it must be some kind of prank show, and tries to find where the host is hiding.
- Warehouse 13 does this in the Pilot.
Lattimer: "This is a joke, right? Dickensen put you up to this."
- In Apollo Justice: Ace Attorney:
Kristoph Gavin: Wright.  You know even I'd never take a joke this far.
- In Fire Emblem: Three Houses, Dimitri has this reaction if present for Edelgard being revealed as the Flame Emperor's identity.
Dimitri: (Laughing Mad) Is this some kind of twisted joke?!
- In For Honor, Stone says this verbatim when his requested reinforcements end up being a single Warden.
- In Questionable Content, when Marten is put in charge of the Smif Library interns, and begins by explaining what a bookshelf is to graduate students, Claire asks if this is "some kind of weird hazing ritual". When he explains that he's not actually a librarian, just someone who works there, she says "This is DEFINITELY some sort of hazing ritual and I do NOT appreciate it."
- In Paradise, this is a frequent reaction of people upon discovering they're in the process of changing into Funny Animals, or of unChanged when Changed try to reveal their new nature (which is otherwise Invisible to Normals).
- In the Rifftrax for The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers, when Aragorn, Gimli, and Legolas are asked what business a man, an elf and a dwarf have in the Riddermark, the riffed reply is, "Shouldn't you be walking into a bar somewhere?"
- In the American Dragon: Jake Long episode "Half Baked," Jake replies, "I'm glad that everyone bought that You've been punked story we fed them."
- Danger Mouse: In "All Fall Down", Penfold is disguised as a traffic officer in an attempt to distract villainous snake Mac The Fork so DM can infiltrate his hideout.
Penfold: Y-y-y-your car, sir, it's on a gibble gabble gine, er wibble wobble wine...
Mac The Fork: Is this some kind o' joke?
Penfold: Well, I'm not laughing. - In the My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic episode "The Super Speedy Cider Squeezy 6000", Rainbow Dash asks "Is this some kind of cruel joke?" when she finally gets some cider, only to have it spilled on the ground.
- In Regular Show (and The Man From Lolliland), this is the reply Pops normally gets after giving lollipops as payment. Benson also says it to Mordecai and Rigby when they come up with a half-baked unorthodox solution for something.
- In The Simpsons, episode "Deep Space Homer", when the director of NASA introduces Homer and Barney as the future of space travel, two reporters ask "is this a joke?" Despite telling them no, and refusing to take any more similar questions, Homer breaking down after realizing the Planet of the Apes was earth, and Barney drunkenly passing out, did not help.
- Stan Lee's reaction to the appearance of Mysterio in the second season of The Spectacular Spider Man:
- "Are we being punked?
- Aunt May says the exact same thing when she is confronted about Peter's identity as Spider-Man.
- Star Wars Resistance: Neeku Vozo, being extremely Literal-Minded, occasionally takes serious statements made by other characters as jokes. In "Descent", when protagonist Kaz finally tells Neeku that he's a spy for the Resistance, which is why First Order stormtroopers are chasing them, Neeku's reaction is to assume that it's a bad joke at a bad time for joking. He doesn't realize that Kaz is being serious until he sees General Organa's message near the end of the episode.


27.1. What is Dashboard in i2G
27.4. Move a chart inside a Dashboard
Dashboard is a data visualization tool that allows all users to understand the analytics that matter to their project. Data is visualized on a dashboard as bar charts, Pie and Doughnut so that users can visually tracks, analyzes and displays metrics and key data points to monitor the health of their business against benchmarks and goals.
Step 1. From Base map interface, choose Project tab
Step 2. Select a desired project to show Dashboard > click ()
Figure 27‑1 Dashborad in i2G
You can open as many charts as you want in Dashboard
Table 27‑1 Buttons in Dashboard
|
Icon |
Name
of Icon |
Description |
|
|
Load
Configuration |
Load
a configuration file |
|
|
Save
Configuration |
Save
all settings in Dashboard as a *.zip
file to your desktop |
|
|
New
Folder |
Create a New Folder |
|
|
Reset |
Reset all
settings to default |
|
|
Close |
Close
Dashboard window |
Click () in the top left corner of each chart to set properties of this one. To remove a chart from the Dashboard, click in the top right corner of the setting form.
I2G provides 4 types of chart:
· Bar chart (vertical): is a chart with rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they represent. One axis of the chart shows the specific categories being compared, and the other axis represents a discrete value. Bar charts provide a visual presentation of categorical data which is a grouping of data into discrete groups. Use a bar chart to show categories being compared or to make generalizations about the data quickly
Figure 27‑2 Bar chart (vertical) in Dashboard
· Horizontal Bar chart: is the same as a vertical bar chart, only the x-axis and y-axis are switched
Figure 27‑3 Horizontal Bar chart in Dashboard
· Pie chart: is a circular statistical graphic, which is divided into slices to illustrate numerical proportion. Pie charts can be effective in showing the contributions of data segments as a percentage of a whole
Figure 27‑4 Pie chart in Dashboard
· Doughnut chart: is a variation on a Pie chart except it has a round hole in the center which makes it look like a donut, hence the name. Doughnut charts are meant to express a "part-to-whole" relationship, where all pieces together represent 100%
Figure 27‑5 Doughnut chart in Dashboard
A Dashboard connects to your project data as 5 levels:
· Well by Type
· Well by Field
· Well by Operator
· Well by Tag
· Curve by Tag
I2G allows users to set up a number of gridlines on the chart, the default value is 10
The
title of the chart allows users to change the name by manually typing text.
Step 1. Drag a desired chart to the location that you want, hold down your cursor until the target chart is highlighted in grey
Figure 27‑6 Move a chart to another location in a Dashboard
Step 2. Release your cursor, the chart has moved successfully to the new location


A commonly performed analysis of molecular dynamics trajectories is hydrogen bond analysis, in which statistics of all the hydrogen bonds in a system (occupancy, lifetime, distance, etc.) are monitored throughout the simulation. However, this type of analysis is difficult for two reasons: it requires very large amounts of computer memory, and the abundance of data obtained can be overwhelming. The PyPAT H-bond analysis tools provide solutions to these issues.
The tools come as a suite of four programs: setup_hbond_ptraj.py, combine_hbonds.py, subset_hbonds.py, and compare_hbonds.py. The first two programs provide a workaround to the memory issue, and the last two provide an easy way to comb through and sort the data.
The programs make use of the trajectory analysis program of the AMBER software package, ptraj. Because of memory requirements, ptraj can only be used to perform a global hydrogen-bonding analysis on a reasonably-sized system for short lengths (several hundred ps) of a trajectory. In order to analyze a long trajectory, we first divide it into short segments, use ptraj to analyze each one, and then recompile the data into a unified set. These tasks are accomplished by setup_hbond_ptraj.py and combine_hbonds.py. The other two programs provide methods to select a desired subset of data, sort it, and output it in a clean-looking format.
Typically, a series of commands similar to the following will be used in the analysis:
$ setup_hbond_ptraj.py -x 1sgz.mdcrd -p 1sgz.prmtop -b 1 -e 5000 -g 500 -n 389 $ ./run_hbond_ptraj $ combine_hbonds.py segment*.out -p 1sgz.prmtop -r 4 -o combined1.out $ subset_hbonds.py combined1.out -R 2-6,9-12 -O 60 -y -c $ compare_hbonds.py combined1.out combined2.out -i 1sgz,1w50 -R 9-27 -A bb_only -O 20 -s donor -y -c
The operation of each of these programs is detailed below. We note that most of these scripts take the -D option, which tells the scripts that the data files live in a different directory than the current one.
This program prepares a series of input scripts that can be run by ptraj as well as a script that will automatically perform the execution of ptraj with each one.
Documentation from the script:
Usage: setup_hbond_ptraj.py [options] This program sets up ptraj input files to perform a series of H-bond analyses on a trajectory. The trajectory is broken into segments of a specified size. Files written out include a ptraj input file for each segment and a file "run_hbond_ptraj" that will sequentially execute ptraj with each one. The only required option is --mdcrd-file (-x), which specifies the coordinate file. Important notes: * A file called "mask" can be created to include hydrogen-bonding residues other than the standard amino acids and water. The lines in mask will be copied "as is" into each ptraj input file, so follow the format for specifying hydrogen bond donors and acceptors in the ptraj documentation. Options: -h, --help show this help message and exit -x MDCRD_FILE, --mdcrd-file=MDCRD_FILE Coordinate file to use for H-bond analysis (REQUIRED). [default: none] -p PRMTOP_FILE, --prmtop-file=PRMTOP_FILE Amber parameter/topology file to use for H-bond analysis. If None, the name will be guessed by replacing the extension of the coordinate file name with ".prmtop" [default: none] -D MDCRD_PRMTOP_DIR, --mdcrd-prmtop-dir=MDCRD_PRMTOP_DIR The directory that contains the coordinate and prmtop file. If None, the names of the files will be used without modification. [default: none] -o OUTPUT_FILE_BASE, --output-file-base=OUTPUT_FILE_BASE The first part of the name of the ptraj input files that will be created. The files will be named OUTPUT_FILE_BASEnn.in, where nn is the two-digit segment number. Once ptraj is run (with run_hbond_ptraj), the output files containing the H-bond data will be named OUTPUT_FILE_BASEnn.out. [default: segment] -B HBOND_DATA_DIR, --hbond-data-dir=HBOND_DATA_DIR The directory where the ptraj input files will be placed. [default: .] -b BEGIN_FRAME, --begin-frame=BEGIN_FRAME The number of the first frame to use in the H-bond analysis. [default: 1] -e END_FRAME, --end-frame=END_FRAME The number of the last frame to use in the H-bond analysis. [default: 10000] -g SEGMENT_SIZE, --segment-size=SEGMENT_SIZE The number of frames included in each segment of the trajectory. [default: 1000] -n NUM_RESI, --num-resi=NUM_RESI The number of residues in the protein. [default: 10000] -d DIST_CUTOFF, --dist-cutoff=DIST_CUTOFF The distance cutoff that defines whether or not an interaction is an H-bond. [default: 3.0] -a ANGLE_CUTOFF, --angle-cutoff=ANGLE_CUTOFF The angle cutoff that defines whether or not an interaction is an H-bond. [default: 120.0] -s, --no-self Flag to turn off the inclusion of H-bonds between atoms within the same residue. [default: True] -S, --solvent Flag to include solvent-protein interactions in the analysis. [default: False] -m MASK_FILE, --mask-file=MASK_FILE File that contains extra lines to include in the ptraj input files, primarily to include masks for ligands. [default: mask]
The only required input to setup_hbond_ptraj.py is the coordinate file given with the -x (--mdcrd-file) option. The program will terminate with an error if this input is not given. In addition, the program will terminate with an error if the specified coordinate or prmtop file does not exist.
The program creates a number of files in the directory specified with the -B (--hbond-data-dir) option. The trajectory is broken into several segments, beginning with the frame specified with the -b (--begin-frame) option, ending with the frame specified with the -e (--end-frame) options, and with each segment containing a number of frames specified by the -g (--segment-size) option. The number of segments (and the number of ptraj input files created) is:
(END_FRAME - BEGIN_FRAME + 1) / SEGMENT_SIZE.
For statistical purposes, the segments must all have the same size, so if SEGMENT_SIZE initially does not divide the numerator equally, END_FRAME is decreased so that it does. A warning will be presented to the user to indicate that frames are being removed from consideration. The different ptraj input files that are created are identical except for the particular frames of the trajectory that they will be used to analyze. These files are named based on the -o (--output-file-base) option; the names are OUTPUT_FILE_BASEnn.in, where nn is the two-digit segment number.
An additional file called run_hbond_ptraj is also created. This is an executable file that should be run immediately after setup_hbond_ptraj.py is finished.
The program can handle all of the amino acid residues recognized by the Amber programs tLEaP and xLEaP (one of which, presumably, was used to prepare the system for MD). These include the twenty natural amino acids and the following additional residues: His in its delta-, epsilon-, and doubly-protonated forms (named HID, HIE, and HIP, respectively); neutralized Asp, Glu, and Lys (named ASH, GLH, and LYN); and Cys in its disulfide and deprotonated forms (named CYX and CYM). If the system of interest contains residues that are not among these amino acids, such as ligands, the additional hydrogen-bond donors and acceptors can be specified in a file named mask [or an alternate name specified by the -m (--mask-file) option]. The mask file will be read line for line into each ptraj input file, so it must contain the appropriate syntax for specifying the donors and acceptors to ptraj. In ptraj, hydrogen bond “donors” are defined as the heavy atoms that are not covalently bound to the hydrogen atom, and the “acceptors” are the heavy atoms that are covalently bound to the hydrogen. This is the opposite definition of the normal usage of the words, but it is the convention that ptraj has adopted. The file mask should contain one line for each potential H-bond donor and acceptor according to the syntax:
donor mask :lig@atom-name acceptor mask :lig@heavy-atom-name :lig@H-atom-name
where lig is the ligand residue name or number and the atom-names are the names of the participating atoms.
The -n (--num-resi) option to specify the number of residues is of no consequence if there is no solvent present in the system of interest, but it is important if there is solvent. With solvent molecules present, failing to provide the correct number of residues will result in some of the water oxygen atoms being treated explicitly as hydrogen bond acceptors. This will not affect the analysis of protein-protein hydrogen bonds, but it will result in the compilation of more data than is necessary and may result in the memory issues during the ptraj execution. If the -n option is not given, a warning will be printed. In some cases, the inclusion of H-bonds between protein and solvent may be desirable, but the -S (--solvent) flag should be used instead of increasing the number of residues. See the ptraj documentation for details on the way solvent donors and solvent acceptors are handled.
The -d (--dist-cutoff), -a (--angle-cutoff), -s (--no-self), and -S (--solvent) options can be used to control what interactions ptraj considers to be hydrogen bonds. The default distance and angle cutoffs are the same as those of ptraj, but in contrast to ptraj, hydrogen bonds between atoms of the same residue will be reported unless this behavior is turned off with the -s flag.
This program is created by setup_hbond_ptraj.py to perform the ptraj executions. It takes no arguments. run_hbond_ptraj sequentially performs the ptraj execution for each segment. The resulting files output by ptraj have the name OUTPUT_FILE_BASEnn.out, again where nn is the two-digit segment number.
The output files contain H-bond data. For each H-bond, ptraj reports the occupancy percentage, average heavy atom-heavy atom distance, average heavy atom-H-heavy atom angle, average lifetime, and the maximum number of continuous frames the H-bond is populated. Standard deviations of the distance, angle, and lifetime are also included. In addition, a 10-character “graph” that displays the occupancy in each tenth of the trajectory is reported. Each character indicates a different level of occupancy: a space (0-5%), . (5-20%), - (20-40%), o (40-60%), x (60-80%), * (80-95%), or @ (95-100%).
Once the files with the H-bond data have been generated by ptraj, combine_hbonds.py is used to compile the data into a single file.
Documentaiton from the script:
Usage: combine_hbonds.py FILE1 [ FILE2 [ ... ] ] [options] FILE1 and additional optional FILEs are files containing hbond data that were produced by the ptraj hbond command. At least one such file is required. The data in the files are spliced together to created a unified data set. Important notes: * An AMBER prmtop or a PDB file may be input with the -p option. The file will be used to determine the residue name associated with each residue number in the system. If the file name does not end with '.pdb', the file will be assumed to be an AMBER prmtop file. The offset and amino acid code are also used in the residue name generation. * The resi_criteria option takes a comma-separated string containing any or all of the following: - individual residue numbers - a range of numbers, separated by a '-' - strings associated with valid residue lists in the standard file 'residue_lists' * The atom_criteria option takes a comma-separated string containing the atom names to report. In addition, the string can contain any of these strings: - 'bb_only': only H-bonds between two backbone atoms - 'not_bb': no H-bonds between two backbone atoms - 'protein_only': no H-bonds involving water Options: -h, --help show this help message and exit -o OUTPUT_FILE, --output-file=OUTPUT_FILE The name of the output file. If None, the results will be written to stdout. Supplying a name is recommended. [default: none] -B HBOND_DATA_DIR, --hbond-data-dir=HBOND_DATA_DIR The directory that contains the H-bond data files. If None, the file names will be used without modification, and output will be written to the current directory. [default: none] -g SEGMENT_SIZE, --segment-size=SEGMENT_SIZE The number of frames included in each segment of the trajectory. [default: 1000] -p PRMTOP_FILE, --prmtop-file=PRMTOP_FILE Amber parameter/topology file or PDB file for the system. [default: none] -D PRMTOP_DIR, --prmtop-dir=PRMTOP_DIR The directory that contains the prmtop (or PDB) file. If None, the name of the file will be used without modification. [default: none] -r RESI_OFFSET, --resi-offset=RESI_OFFSET The offset between the residue numbers in the prmtop (or PDB) file and the actual residue numbers. [default: 0] -a AA_CODE, --aa-code=AA_CODE Must be 1 or 3. Indicates the use of 1- or 3-letter amino acid codes in residue names. [default: 3] -y, --occ-graph-only Flag to report only the occupancy and graph data (no distance or angle data). [default: False] -R RESI_CRITERIA, --resi-criteria=RESI_CRITERIA A comma- and dash-separated list of residue numbers to include in the analysis. [default: all] -A ATOM_CRITERIA, --atom-criteria=ATOM_CRITERIA A comma-separated list of atom names to include in the analysis. [default: all] -O OCC_THRESH, --occ-thresh=OCC_THRESH The minimum occupancy threshold that the H-bonds must have to be reported. [default: 0.0]
FILE1 and additional optional FILE s are the files containing H-bond data that were produced by the ptraj hbond command. At least one such file is required. If the data files are not contained in the current directory, the -B (--hbond-data-dir) option can be used to indicate where they are located. The name of the output file can be specified by the -o (--output-file) option. Because a file output from combine_hbonds.py is required for the analysis aids subset_``hbonds.py`` and compare_hbonds.py (below), it is recommended that a name be supplied. The output file will also be located in directory HBOND_DATA_DIR.
A line is output providing information for each H-bond in the system. As shown in the diagram below, this information includes the participating atoms, the occupancy percentage, the total number of frames included in the analysis, the average distance and angle of the H-bond (and their standard deviations), and the graph. Lifetime and maximum continuous occupancy data are not included, because splitting the trajectory into segments artificially shortens these values. Consequently, they are not reliable indicators of the data over the trajectory as a whole.
Thr376 OG1--HG1 ... OG Ser295 35.20( 250) 2.854(0.17) 22.49(12.08<EMAIL_ADDRESS>x@|@@.--. . | ----- participating atoms ------ -occ- -num- -dist -SD- angle --SD- ------- graph ------- pct frames
Several options control the display of the output. An AMBER prmtop or a PDB file may be input with the -p (--prmtop-file) option. (If the file name does not have an extension of .pdb, the program will assume it is a prmtop file.) The file will be used to determine the residue type of each residue number in the system. The residue type is prepended to the residue number to create the full residue name displayed in the output file. Whether to use a three- or one-letter amino acid code is determined by the input to the -a (--aa-code) option. Additionally, an offset can be supplied to change the numbering of the residues using the “r” (–resi-offset) option. This may be useful in systems with an unusual numbering convention. For example, the residues of the 1SGZ crystal structure are numbered from -3 to 385, but the Amber setup shifts them to 1-389. Using an offset of -4 brings the numbering back in line with convention. If a prmtop file for 1SGZ and this offset are given to the program, the residues in the output are labeled, for instance, “Tyr71” instead of “75.” Also, the -y (--occ-graph-only) flag will affect the output presentation of the H-bond data. Using this flag will prevent the reporting of the distance and angle data, so that only the occupancy percentage and graph will be displayed.
The data in the input files can be filtered prior to output by specifying residue or atom criteria or an occupancy threshold. The residue criteria (-R, --resi-criteria) option takes a comma-separated string containing the residues numbers to report. It may contain any or all of the following: individual residue numbers, a range of numbers separated by a dash, or strings associated with valid residue lists in the standard file residue_lists as described below. The atom criteria (-A, --atom-criteria) option takes a comma-separated string containing the atom names to report. In addition, the program understands these strings: “bb_only“, which will include only H-bonds between two backbone atoms; “not_bb“, which will exclude H-bonds between two backbone atoms; or “protein_only“, which will exclude any H-bonds involving water. In addition, both the residue and atom criteria can take the word “all“. Lastly, the occupancy threshold (-O, --occ-thresh) option will exclude all H-bonds with an occupancy percentage below the threshold.
The lines of the residue_lists file can be used to associate a list of residues with a particular name according to the following syntax:
name: residue_string
where name is any string and residue_string is any comma- and dash-separated list of residues. For example, the line
loops: 9-12,65-67
will associate the string loops with the residue list 9, 10, 11, 12, 65, 66, and 67. A residue list is even allowed to include strings that were defined above it. For example, if the following lines are contained in the residue_lists file:
loops : 9-12,65-67 more_loops: loops,100,104
the name more_loops is associated with residues 9, 10, 11, 12, 65, 66, 67, 100, and 104.
Once a file of combined H-bond data is created with combine_hbonds.py, subset_hbonds.py allows the user to select and sort a subset of the data, which greatly facilitates analysis.
Documentation from the script:
Usage: subset_hbonds.py FILE1 [options] FILE1 is a file created by combine_hbonds.py that contains a dataset of H-bonds. Only a subset of all the data is presented according to the criteria presented by the user. The data will also be sorted according to the metric specified by the user. Important notes: * The resi_criteria option takes a comma-separated string containing any or all of the following: - individual residue numbers - a range of numbers, separated by a '-' - strings associated with valid residue lists in the standard file 'residue_lists' * The atom_criteria option takes a comma-separated string containing the atom names to report. In addition, the string can contain any of these strings: - 'bb_only': only H-bonds between two backbone atoms - 'not_bb': no H-bonds between two backbone atoms - 'protein_only': no H-bonds involving water * Note that ptraj uses a definition of H-bond donor and acceptor that is opposite of the normal convention. This program follows the definitions of ptraj, in which the acceptor is the atom covalently bonded to the hydrogen atom. Options: -h, --help show this help message and exit -o OUTPUT_FILE, --output-file=OUTPUT_FILE The name of the output file. If None, the results will be written to stdout. [default: none] -B HBOND_DATA_DIR, --hbond-data-dir=HBOND_DATA_DIR The directory that contains the H-bond data files. If None, the file names will be used without modification, and output will be written to the current directory. [default: none] -s SORT, --sort=SORT The quantity used to sort the results. Must be one of "occ_pct" (occupancy percentage), "donor", "acceptor", "dist", or "angle". [default: occ_pct] -c, --compress Flag to compress the H-bond graph. [default: False] -y, --occ-graph-only Flag to report only the occupancy and graph data (no distance or angle data). [default: False] -R RESI_CRITERIA, --resi-criteria=RESI_CRITERIA A comma- and dash-separated list of residue numbers to include in the analysis. [default: all] -A ATOM_CRITERIA, --atom-criteria=ATOM_CRITERIA A comma-separated list of atom names to include in the analysis. [default: all] -O OCC_THRESH, --occ-thresh=OCC_THRESH The minimum occupancy threshold that the H-bonds must have to be reported. [default: 0.0]
The only requirement for this program is a single argument FILE1, which is a file created by combine_hbonds.py. If more than one file is given to the program, it will use only the first one.
Most of the options are the same as those for combine_hbonds.py: -o (--output-file), -B (--hbond-data-dir), -y (--occ-graph-only), -R (--resi-criteria), -A (--atom-criteria), and -O (--occ-thresh). Two options differ: the sorting (-s, --sort) and graph compression (-c, --compress) options. The sorting option is self-explanatory, but the other requires some explanation. The graph compression flag will shorten the length of the graph by combining every pair of characters into a single character representing one fifth (instead of one tenth) of the segment. It should be noted that the compressed graph is not as precise as the uncompressed graphs. Each character in the compressed graph represents the occupancy percentage over a pair of segments. However, the exact occupancy cannot always be determined solely from the ranges specified by the characters from each segment. For example, the actual occupancy of the pair of segments represented by “x*” could correspond to either “x” or “*”, depending on the underlying percentages, which are unknown. In these cases, the character that is output is the one corresponding to the most probable occupancy percentage.
If H-bond data from multiple trajectories of the same system have been processed by combine_hbonds.py, the data from the different trajectories can be compared with compare_hbonds.py.
Documentation from the script:
Usage: compare_hbonds.py FILE1 [ FILE2 [ ... ] ] [options] FILE1 and additional optional files are files created by combine_hbonds.py that contain datasets of H-bonds from different trajectories of the same system. The particular subset of the H-bonds and the metric for sorting can be specified by the user. Important notes: * Use the -i option to provide meaningful identifiers for the different trajectories. * The resi_criteria option takes a comma-separated string containing any or all of the following: - individual residue numbers - a range of numbers, separated by a '-' - strings associated with valid residue lists in the standard file 'residue_lists' * The atom_criteria option takes a comma-separated string containing the atom names to report. In addition, the string can contain any of these strings: - 'bb_only': only H-bonds between two backbone atoms - 'not_bb': no H-bonds between two backbone atoms - 'protein_only': no H-bonds involving water * If the H-bonds are sorted by occ_pct (the occupancy percentage), any H-bond that has an occupancy greater than the occ_thresh value will be retained. If the H-bonds are sorted by occ_diff (the difference between the largest and smallest occupancy percentages for the systems), donor, or acceptor, only those H-bonds with occ_diff greater than the occ_thresh value will be retained. * Note that ptraj uses a definition of H-bond donor and acceptor that is opposite of the normal convention. This program follows the definitions of ptraj, in which the acceptor is the atom covalently bonded to the hydrogen atom. Options: -h, --help show this help message and exit -o OUTPUT_FILE, --output-file=OUTPUT_FILE The name of the output file. If None, the results will be written to stdout. [default: none] -B HBOND_DATA_DIR, --hbond-data-dir=HBOND_DATA_DIR The directory that contains the H-bond data files. If None, the file names will be used without modification, and output will be written to the current directory. [default: none] -i IDENTIFIERS, --identifiers=IDENTIFIERS Comma-separated list of identifying strings for the trajectories to be compared. If None, the trajectories will simply be numbered. [default: none] -s SORT, --sort=SORT The quantity used to sort the results. Must be one of "occ_diff" (occupancy difference), "occ_pct" (occupancy percentage), "donor", or "acceptor". The occupancy difference is the difference between the highest and lowest occupancy percentages for a particular H-bond in the different trajectories. [default: occ_diff] -c, --compress Flag to compress the H-bond graph. [default: False] -y, --occ-graph-only Flag to report only the occupancy and graph data (no distance or angle data). [default: False] -R RESI_CRITERIA, --resi-criteria=RESI_CRITERIA A comma- and dash-separated list of residue numbers to include in the analysis. [default: all] -A ATOM_CRITERIA, --atom-criteria=ATOM_CRITERIA A comma-separated list of atom names to include in the analysis. [default: all] -O OCC_THRESH, --occ-thresh=OCC_THRESH The minimum occupancy threshold that the H-bonds must have to be reported. [default: 0.0]
This program will allow the user to compare side-by-side the H-bond data between two trajectories of the same system. At least one input file FILE1, containing the H-bond data from combine_hbonds.py, is required. In the output, the data for a given H-bond for all the trajectories are shown next to each other. The output has the same format as shown in the example in the combine_hbond.py description, except that an identifying string is placed at the beginning of each line to indicate the trajectory the data represents. These identifiers can be input with the -i (--identifiers) option.
1w50A: Glu165 N--H ... OD1 Asn162 36.00( 250) | ..xo.xxo-|-oo*o.....| 1sgz : Glu165 N--H ... OD1 Asn162 86.80( 250) |*o@@**x**@|*x@*x****@|
Most of the options are the same as those described for combine_hbonds.py and subset_hbonds.py. The only difference is in the interaction of the sorting (-s, --sort) and occupancy threshold (-O, --occ-thresh) options. If the H-bonds are sorted by occupancy difference, donor, or acceptor, the output will include only those H-bonds for which the occupancy difference is greater than the threshold. If they are sorted by occupancy percentage, the output will include only those H-bonds that have at least one trajectory with an occupancy percentage greater than the threshold.


Communications Authority Reinstates Francis Wangusi as Director-General
by Kenn AbuyaA couple of months ago, the tenure of Francis Wangusi as the Communications Authority’s Director-General came to an end. The obvious step was appointing his replacement.
Wangusi, however, was not ready to hand over the baton to Ms. Wanjau due to some technicalities such as lack of a board to make such appointments. Later on, a 13-member board was constituted. Ms. Wanjau was then appointed as interim DG, but people close to the matter as argued the exercise (selection of a new board, and the appointment of Ms. Wanjau) was not done according to the constitution.
Popular activist and lawyer Okiya Omtata, among other people, sought the input of the courts, which they expected would revoke the appointment of Mercy Wanjau.
In the time that court deliberations have dragged on, the Acting DG performed her duties, and, as expected, received backing from the CA.
However, today’s court ruling has reinstated Francis Wangusi’s position, meaning Ms. Wnajau is no longer serving the DG office.
The board has also been disbanded. A new one will be selected in the coming days. Until that happens, Francis Wangusi will be CA’s CEO.
It’s worth noting that Wangusi’s tenure had expired, so he won’t steer the ICT regulator for long.


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by Elmar Langholz (langholz [at] gmail.com)


Hall Of Fame
tulth (x-plane.org forum)
Thanks for your help.. If it wasn't for you, I wouldn't even try to
support TrackIR.
Testers
Bill (sparker, x-plane.org forum)
Thank you Bill for all the time you spend testing linuxtrack and
all the effort you invested to help us debugging and improving
it...
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Thanks for your support...
Roman (Adun, x-plane.org forum)
Thanks for your help with TIR5 support.
Sandy Barbour (x-plane.org forum)
Thanks for your advices when we moved to Macs...
DanDaMan (x-plane.org forum)
Thanks for your help solving "two years old" problem.
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Marc (marcmec, x-plane.org forum)
Thanks for helping us to polish the Mac side...
Ola
Thanks for making Tir3 support possible.
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Thanks for making Tir2 support possible.
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Thank you for helping me debug unresponsive TrackIR4...
Giovanni
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Lion.
Bill
Thank you for your help making SmartNav4 support possible.
Jonesy<EMAIL_ADDRESS>Thank you for your perseverance and patience while hunting down the
bug in TIR firmware extraction.
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Thank you for allowing me to use your beautiful XM8 plane for 3D
cockpit visualization.
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TIR5 suport would take ages to finish.
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Program
Securing Code, Pipelines and the Rearguard from Cyber Threats
Years ago, we broke operations and development silos, embraced observability and distributed tracing, now we are breaking the security silo: the same way we blended development, operations, and database engineering, we have to embed security in the whole process. Early threat modeling is necessary, and security people have to join platform and application design at an early stage. In order to protect company assets from increasingly sophisticated cyber threats, we need to adopt continuous security analysis on code and infrastructure as an essential part of our CI/CD pipelines. New tools and workflows are required, but most of all, we have to complete the cultural switch.
Keywords: DevOps, DevSecOps, Security, Threats
Speaker
Ruggero TonelliRuggero is a systems engineer focused on performance, automation, and security with a broader experience in architecting and running large-scale, resilient distributed systems. Currently, he is working as Principal Site Reliability Engineer @Netquest. Previously, he was leading the Systems and Data Engineering Team within a cyber threat intelligence company. Continuous improvement advocate and Chaos Engineering practitioner, Ruggero has spent 10+ years on defensive security, mostly using Open Source tools. |
Threat Hunting on Linux and Mac with Auditbeat System Module
Many people are building a custom alerting and monitoring systems for Windows using Sysmon and Elastic Stack, but until recently, there hasn't been a reliable way to centrally monitor activity on a wide variety of Mac and Linux systems for much of the information that Sysmon gives you. You could collect auditd and system logs, but each system has differently formatted logs, and the information provided may not be as robust or helpful.
Enter the newly released Elastic Auditbeat System module; it is like Sysmon for Linux. Monitor a fleet of Linux systems for processes, installed packages, sockets, users, and host information. In this talk, we will discuss the Auditbeat System module, advantages and disadvantages, tips for configuring it, and how to use this data to monitor and hunt for intrusions using Kibana.
Keywords: Threat Hunting, Elastic Stack, ELK, Network Forensics
Speaker
Aaron JewittAn American Expat living in Frankfurt, when Aaron is not hunting for hackers, he loves skiing and mountain biking, and he is always busy trying to keep up with his three boys. After spending 10 years at the NSA, Aaron has moved from the Red side to the Blue side; he has gone from being the hunted to being the hunter. Aaron is currently a Security Analyst at Elastic building Threat detection analytics in a distributed cloud-based environment. |
Security Tradeoffs in Elasticsearch
The NoSQL ecosystem thrived on combining scalability and simplicity. This talk focuses on some assumptions we built Elasticsearch on, which helped the ease of use initially, but turned out to be less than perfect for security in the long run:
- Binding to all interfaces and broadcasting join requests to the whole subnet makes clustering simple.
- Running as root is the straightforward option.
- Using a general-purpose programming language for scripting adds lots of features.
- Guessing the content-type of a request is fine.
- Default passwords and clear-text password files are a reasonable tradeoff.
- Docker and distributed systems play well with your security efforts.
- Generating TLS certificates is easy.
- Everyone will turn on security, and defaults are easy.
Keywords: Best-practices, Anti-patterns, Lessons-learned, Elasticsearch
Speaker
Philipp KrennPhilipp lives to demonstrate interesting technology. Having worked as a web, infrastructure, and database engineer for over ten years, Philipp is now working as a developer advocate at Elastic - the company behind the Elastic Stack consisting of Elasticsearch, Kibana, Beats, and Logstash. Based in Vienna, Austria, he is constantly traveling Europe and beyond to speak and discuss open-source software, search, databases, infrastructure, and security. |
What the Log?! So Many Events, So Little Time...
Detecting adversaries is not always easy - especially when it comes to correlating Windows Event Logs to real-world attack patterns and techniques. EventList helps to match Windows Event Log IDs with the MITRE ATT&CK framework (and vice-versa) and offers methods to simplify the detection in corporate environments worldwide.
Use this tool to:
- Import either MSFT Baselines or custom GPOs
- Find out immediately which Events are being generated and what MITRE ATT&CK techniques are being covered by the selected Baseline/GPO
- Choose MITRE ATT&CK techniques and generate GPOs to generate the events needed for detection
- Generate Agent Forwarder Configs to only cover the events needed for the detection (avoid being "Log spammed")
- Generate Queries to detect the chosen MITRE ATT&CK techniques, regardless of the SIEM solution used
Keywords: MITRE ATT&CK, Event log, Windows, Detect, Attack, SIEM, event forwarding, Security
Speaker
Miriam WiesnerMiriam Wiesner works as a Program Manager for Microsoft Defender ATP. Besides MDATP, she has a focus on Secure Infrastructure, Windows Event Logs, Active Directory Security, Just Enough Administration, and PowerShell, and many more. In her spare time, she enjoys writing articles for her private blog, also as developing tools to help the community and speaks on international conferences and events. She's a life-long learner, always excited about new technologies, and empowering others. |
How to Shield an IoT Product From the OWASP IoT Top 10
The "S" in IoT stands for security. I have read this line so many times on blogs and on twitter, that I think it is time to do something about it. But how do we make an IoT product secure? Or how do we design a secure product from the start? The answer to the last question is easy, but doing it for an existing product, that is a big challenge. It probably cannot be done in one release, but you have to start somewhere.
This talk with walk you through IoT, its components, some principles to design a secure product, the OWASP IoT Top 10 and how to address them, setting up security requirements and controls, and last but not least analyze two popular IoT use cases: a GPS tracker and smart cities irrigation system. These should lay a fertile ground for further discussion.
Keywords: IoT, Security controls, OWASP, Top 10, Requirements
Speaker
Pablo EndresPablo Endres is the founder and CEO of SevenShift GmbH, an IoT boutique security company. He is an experienced Security Consultant, Professional Hacker, Technological Solution Architect, and published author. He is a computer engineer, and he holds a handful of security certifications ISC2 CISSP, CompTIA Security+, and ISECOM’s OPSA + OPST. Pablo’s career has taken place mostly doing security in a variety of industries, like wireless phones, VoIP solutions, and Cloud Service providers, Banks, contact centers, and university labs. Pablo has founded multiple companies in different continents and enjoys hacking, IoT, reverse engineering, teaching, working with new technologies, startups, collaborating with Open Source projects, learning new things, teaching, networking, and being challenged. In the last couple of years, he has been working mainly in IoT security, testing dozens of devices, and working with multiple platform providers to secure their solutions. Additionally, here teaches hands-on training on IoT security. |
Automated Attack Surface Detection and Information Gathering
Visibility is key for a blue team if it comes to the protection and defense of a computer network. While the IT and security staff in small companies may have a good view of Internet-facing devices, the roles of these staff members are typically separated in SME or large enterprises. Ideally, a working change management process on top of an up-to-date Configuration Management Database (CMDB) should provide a clear picture of the perimeter. Even if both areas are well implemented, there is always a risk that someone is setting up an exposed device, which is not listed in the CMDB. The security staff needs also a possibility to verify the correctness of the CMDB and to check which devices are actually exposed. Furthermore, the blue team is interested in additional information that provides additional context in order to include the device into the corporate protection measures and to make the right decision in case of a security incident.
Keywords: Attack, Detection, CMDB
Speaker
Thorsten RiesFor almost two decades, Thorsten Ries is active in IT networking and IT security-related areas, including health care and the telecommunication sector. During that time, his activities covered a broad area of security-related aspects, including end-to-end architecture design and validation, vulnerability, and incident management. In order to actively drive new and innovative security solutions, Thorsten also contributed successfully to security aspects in some large-scale European projects. As these activities cannot be performed without having a broader view of technology and its impact on individuals and society, he is also interested in a wide area of topics around privacy and data protection. Since recently, he is leading POST CyberDefense, being in charge of the POST Security Operations Center and the CSIRT. |
A Walk Through Logs Hell
Once upon a time, an ogre called "SIEM" was invented.  During infosec meetups, many people like to brag about the power of the monster they deployed: "We can ingest 5K events per second!" or "We index 3TB a day!". That looks indeed nice but does not impress me so much. Are you sure that you can still find the needle in a haystack?
Being involved with such technologies and environments for a while, I had the opportunity to face many situations where the ogre SIEM was not able to return interesting data due to misconfigurations, topology changes, lack (or absence) of logs, wrong normalization and many more. Managing logs and events is not an easy job. This presentation will tell you some nightmare stories that you could also face in your organizations. And, of course, some ideas to prevent them.
Keywords: SIEM, Logs, Event, Hell, Nightmare
Speaker
Xavier MertensXavier Mertens is a freelance cybersecurity consultant based in Belgium. His daily job focuses on protecting his customer's assets by applying "offensive" (penetration testing) as well as "defensive" security (incident handling, forensics, log management, SIEM, security visualization, OSINT). Besides his daily job, Xavier is also a security blogger (https://blog.rootshell.be), a SANS Internet Storm Center handler (https://isc.sans.org), and co-organizer of the BruCON (http://www.brucon.org) security conference. |
(Identify)|Protect|Detect|Respond - A Deep Dive into a High Visibility 2017 Breach
Almost everyone has heard of the 2017 Equifax breach, and during the aftermath, the narrative was pushed that it was all because of a missing patch. But it was much much more than that! The excellent House and Senate reports point out many issues, and it certainly was not only a failure of leadership but also communication. In this presentation, I take all of the discrete failures brought to light in these reports and line them up with their respective sections in the NIST CyberSecurity framework. This will highlight the cascade of failures that lead to the breach, and it will get attendees to consider using this very approachable framework if they have not already done so.
Keywords: Security, Framework, Breach, Equifax
Speaker
James NemetzJim has been working in the computer/network security field for almost 20 years (way before the 'cyber' thing became popular). With a previous career in law enforcement, it has been a natural fit. He is a frequent conference-goer and resides with his wife in Germany. |
Where's Wally? Hands-on Threat Hunting in Elasticsearch Using ee-outliers
The collection of millions of endpoints and network events in modern IT environments opens up great opportunities for the security analyst to perform Threat Hunting activities in search of adversary activity. However, the Threat Hunter faces several challenges: how do we create a baseline of "normal" or "expected" activity out of millions (or billions!) of events? How do we introduce the human feedback loop in our Threat Hunting activities? How do we deal with false positives?
In this talk, we introduce ee-outliers, an open-source framework we developed to detect statistical outliers in events stored in an Elasticsearch cluster in support of the Threat Hunter. Attendees can expect lots of realistic Threat Hunting examples!
Keywords: Threat Hunting, Elasticsearch, Statistical Analysis, Outlier Detection
Speaker
Daan RamanDaan is a co-founder and active partner of the Belgian cybersecurity firm NVISO. At NVISO, Daan is in charge of NVISO Labs, the research arm of NVISO. Together with the team, he drives initiatives around innovation to ensure we stay on top of our game, innovating the things we do, the technology we use, and the way we work to form an essential part of this. Outside of his professional activities, Daan has been an active member of the information security community for several years, attending and presenting at conferences, as well as developing open-source software. |
Telecom Security and a Usecase in SMS Phishing
Like the Internet, the Telecommunications networks were initially built without security considerations. Various vulnerabilities have been discovered across telecommunication protocols. Notable attacks are location tracking, spoofing, call and SMS interception, network stack exploitation, denial of service, and SMS Phishing. It is also crucial for operators to build a monitoring solution that ensures visibility and detects malicious activities. Attackers have increasingly used SMS Phishing as the cost of sending SMS is getting negligibly. Detecting SMS Phishing attacks in real-time while respecting user privacy is an important usecase for Telecom operators. In this talk, we will first give a high-level background introduction about Telecom threats. We will then focus on the SMS Phishing usecase and share our experience and technical details about using Machine Learning in building a real-time detection system from scratch.
Keywords: SMS Phishing, Telecom Security, Machine Learning
Speaker
Dr. Cu D. NguyenDr. Cu D. Nguyen has 15+ years of proven broad and deep experience in machine learning, computer security, and secure software development. He received his Ph.D. degree with a distinguished dissertation in the field of Artificial Intelligence and Software Engineering from the University of Trento (Trento, Italy) in 2009. Before joining POST Luxembourg as a Data Scientist and Security Expert, he was a researcher at the University of Luxembourg and has published 50+ scientific papers to prestigious international conferences and journals. Many of the published work aimed to address practical problems in the industry using advances in machine learning and software security research. |
Speaker
Alexandre De OliveiraAlexandre joined the Red Team of POST Luxembourg as an Ethical Expert in 2015. After a master's degree in network security, Alexandre first joined a start-up active in the field of telecom network security before joining POST. His challenge is to find new problems every day to solve increasingly complex computing environments and improve the overall security of our systems and those of our customers. |
What You Most Likely Did Not Know About Sudo
Everybody knows sudo, right? Sudo allows a system administrator to give certain users the ability to run some commands as root while logging the executed commands and their arguments. It is installed by default on almost all Linux systems and is available for most commercial UNIX systems. Still, even system administrators often only know it is the "prefix" to use before entering a command requiring root privileges. Learn how much more this simple-looking tool can do!
Most of the times the default configuration allows a group of users to run any commands: %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL
It is a good first step, better than using the root account directly. This way, you can trace who ran what commands on the system. But there are a lot more possibilities when configuring sudo, making your system more secure.
Life is simple when you have to give access to a single user to a single command. But as soon as you have multiple users with the same access rights, it is not just shorter but also easier to maintain if you use aliases.
For added security, you can add a hash of binaries to sudo. This way, if the binary changes for any reason, like modifying it through a successful exploit, you can prevent it from being used.
Using sudo does not make much sense without proper logging and alerting. There are three major possibilities:
- syslog: all events are logged to syslog. For additional security, collect sudo logs centrally, so a malicious user cannot delete them easily.
- e-mail: sudo can send e-mail alerts on different kinds of failures
- debug: in-depth logging of subsystems, mostly useful for developers
Session recording is a fourth possibility. The terminal output can be saved in a local file and played back. You can play back what happened, even if the user started up an interactive shell.
Instead of maintaining the sudoers file on each of your systems, you can use LDAP to configure sudo. It has some differences compared to a sudoers file, but also many advantages:
- local users cannot manipulate the rules,
- is easier to maintain,
- goes live immediately.
Starting with version 1.8, sudo has a plugin-based architecture. You can replace or extend sudo functionality using plugins. This way, users can keep starting applications the usual way using sudo, but have a different configuration or policy engine behind the sudo command. There are both open source and commercial plugins available. For example, the sudo_pair plugin – developed in Rust – enables monitoring and makes it possible to require interactive approval of sessions.
As you can see, sudo has several lesser-known features that can make monitoring and access management easier for large organizations.
Keywords: sudo, Security Monitoring, Session Recording
Speaker
Peter CzanikPeter is an engineer working as an evangelist at Balabit (a One Identity business), the company that developed syslog-ng. He assists distributions in maintaining the syslog-ng package, follows bug trackers, helps users, and talks regularly at conferences (SCALE, All Things Open, FOSDEM, LOADays, and others). In his limited free time, he is interested in non-x86 architectures and works on one of his PPC or ARM machines. |
Recent Advances in Cloud Security Monitoring
How many times have you heard this one: "We do not want to move to the cloud because it is insecure; we are losing our visibility and threat detection capabilities!" Even today, one of the primary concerns that security teams have when their organization moves to a cloud is that they would lose their ability to detect attackers. This might have been true in the early days of cloud services, but today, major cloud providers announce new security features almost every month. Traditional network and endpoint monitoring can be adjusted to support security monitoring in the cloud. In this talk, we are going to discuss what services are available and how can we use these new data sources for detection.
Keywords: Cloud Security, Security Monitoring, AWS, Azure, Google Cloud, VPC Logs, Traffic Mirroring
Speaker
David SziliDavid Szili is a managing partner at Alzette Information Security, a consulting company based in Luxembourg. He is also an instructor at SANS Institute, teaching FOR572: Advanced Network Forensics. David has more than eight years of professional experience in penetration testing, red teaming, vulnerability assessment, vulnerability management, security monitoring, security architecture design, incident response, digital forensics, and software development. David has two master's degrees, one in computer engineering and one in networks and telecommunication, and he has a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering. He holds several IT security certifications such as GSEC, GCFE, GCED, GCIA, GCIH, GMON, GCDA, GNFA, GPYC, GMOB, CCSK, OSCP, OSWP, and CEH. David regularly speaks at international conferences like BruCON, Hack.lu, Hacktivity, x33fcon, Nuit du Hack, BSides London, BSides Munich, BSides Stuttgart, BSidesLjubljana, BSidesBUD, Pass the SALT, Security Session, SANS @Night Talks and he is a member of the organizer team of the Security BSides Luxembourg conference. He occasionally blogs about information security at jumpespjump.blogspot.com. |
Excel for Blue Teams
Blue teamers, especially in large corporations, will be familiar with the restrictions imposed upon them by corporate security policies. They have to do incident response and/or incident analysis on machines with limited rights. I have experienced (and still experience) these problems during many years active as an incident responder and malware analyst. To work around these restrictions, I have built a toolset that is purely based on Excel. I have a spreadsheet that is a Windows task manager that can be used to kill/suspend processes, for example. I have a spreadsheet that is a file manager / binary editor. Another spreadsheet can perform many network tasks. Many of these tools are private, but they will be shared with the workshop attendees.
Keywords: Excel, IR, DFIR
Speaker
Didier StevensDidier Stevens (Microsoft MVP, SANS ISC Handler, Wireshark Certified Network Analyst) is a Senior Analyst working at NVISO. Didier is a pioneer in malicious PDF document research and malicious MS Office documents analysis and has developed several tools to help with the analysis of malicious documents like PDF and MS Office files. You can find his open source security tools on his IT security related blog (http://blog.DidierStevens.com). |
Syslog-ng: Getting Started, Parsing Messages, Storing in Elasticsearch
The syslog-ng application is an enhanced logging daemon with a focus on portability and high-performance central log collection. It is used mainly by IT security professionals, but also in Ops and DevOps environments and by embedded developers.The syslog-ng workshop helps you take the first steps with syslog-ng, and shows how you can quickly get more information out of your logs and have greater insight into what happens on your network. Ideal for beginners, but covers advanced possibilities for seasoned syslog-ng users as well.
You will learn:
- The basic concepts of configuring and running syslog-ng,
- an introduction to message parsing,
- how to store your log messages in Elasticsearch, and
- how to display your messages in Kibana.
To try the configurations on your machine, you will need:
- A recent version of syslog-ng (3.21 or newer: (https://syslog-ng.com/3rd-party-binaries)
- Elasticsearch 7+ with Kibana installed
You will receive a CentOS VM with everything pre-installed and ready to use, so you don’t have to “pollute” your laptop.
Workshop schedule:
- Theory: Introductory presentation - the concepts of syslog-ng. Explains the different building blocks (sources, parsers, filters, destinations, etc.), and how to connect them together using log statements.
- Practice: Try these concepts in practice. Creating a simple configuration, checking syntax, running in the foreground with different debugging options, and running in the background as a service.
- Theory: Message parsing is a main feature of syslog-ng from the security professional point of view. Most of the log messages on Linux / UNIX arrive in a free form text format, which are easy to read by humans, but very difficult to act on. Using message parsing you can extract actionable information from log messages and create alerts or simply storing data in an easy to search format.
- Pratice: Extend the configuration with a few filters and parsers to make it more complex. To see the results of parsing, we use templates on the output side to include name-value pairs.
- Practice: Store the results to Elasticsearch and display them in Kibana.
- Theory: a quick overview of other useful syslog-ng features not discussed in the workshop, how to get help and support, where to find more information, and so on.
- Q and A session (if there is some time left): touch a few additional topics, based on questions from the audience.
Keywords: Syslog, Syslog-ng, Message Parsing, Elasticsearch
Speaker
Peter CzanikPeter is an engineer working as an evangelist at Balabit (a One Identity business), the company that developed syslog-ng. He assists distributions in maintaining the syslog-ng package, follows bug trackers, helps users, and talks regularly at conferences (SCALE, All Things Open, FOSDEM, LOADays, and others). In his limited free time, he is interested in non-x86 architectures and works on one of his PPC or ARM machines. |


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RESUME |
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EDUCATION
Degree Name
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Percentage
Year Of Completion
Secondary Examination
WBBSE
67.71 %
2016
Higher Secondary Examination
WBCHSE
72.2 %
2018
B.Tech in E.E.
MAKAUT(WBUT)
80 %
2022
SKILLS
Html, CSS, PHP, Python, Java, Dialux, Matlab, PSpice, Blender
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Web Forms 2.0 Test Case 1: Spec Example: Sample Order Form
This test case demonstrates functionality of the Web Forms 2.0 specification and tests the compliance of
this cross-browser Web Forms 2.0 implementation.
The following is the first example from the specification:


| No. of Credit Grantors | No. of Credit Facilities | No. of Closed Credit Facilities | |||
| No. of Credit Facilities Guaranteed by Others | Lastes Credit Facility Open Date | First Credit Facility Open Date |
| Credit Facilities | No. of Standard | Current Balance in Standard | No. of Other than Standard | Current Balance in Other than Standard | No. of Law Suits | No. of Wilful Defaults |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| As Borrower |
| No. of Credit Facilities As Borrower | Credit Type | Currency Code | Asset Classification | Current Balance | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard | Sub - Standard | Doubtful | Loss | Special Mention A/C | |||||
| Enquiry | 3 Months | 6 Months | 9 Months | 12 Months | 24 Months | >24 Months | Total | Most Recent Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of Enquiries |


The WebGL buffer containing the static attribute data.
the number of elements in the attribute
A typed array of data for the attribute.
The divisor, used in instanced attributes.
The number of instances for this attribute. If zero this object is determined to be non-instanced.
Whether this attribute needs an update. Set after the attribute changes to have it recast to memory.
Whether integer data values should be normalized into a certain range when being cast to a float.
How many bytes to offset when passing in the buffer.
The size of each element in the attribute. For example if you're describing 3D vectors, this would be 3.
How big a stride should this attribute have. Should be 0 for all attributes that are uncombined.
gl.ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER or gl.ARRAY_BUFFER depending on whether this is an index attribute or not.
default gl.UNSIGNED_SHORT for 'index', gl.FLOAT for others.
Udpate an attribute for rendering
The WTCGL rendering context.
Generated using TypeDoc
Represents a geometry attribute.


{% extends "layout.html" %} {% block page_title %} GOV.UK prototype kit {% endblock %} {% block home_link %} index {% endblock %} {% block proposition_header %} {% set my_account="1" %} {% include "includes/propositional_navigation.html" %} {% endblock %} {% block content %} {% import "prototypes/prototype-dec-2019/includes/card-payment-confirm.html" as confirm %} {% include "includes/phase_banner_beta.html" %} Confirm your payment {{ confirm.form('hearing') }} {% include 'prototypes/prototype-dec-2019/includes/contact.html' %} {% endblock %}


50 GeV pions shot at fixed (ieta,iphi) = (+/- 34,4) Simulation: no field, no beam pipe, no Tracker.
>>> click on thumbnail to get a full-size plot


2007, A Yearly Retrospective
2007 was a very big year indeed. For the sake of archiving all the memories and accomplishements of the year that has passed, this article will highlight the main events of the year 2007.
- First big event in my year, my 15th birthday on the 30th of January: one year deeper in adolescence, and getting closer still to adulthood and all it has to offer. On the personal plan, I feel that I have gone through great personal evolution throughout this year: a change in tastes, change in mentality, but most importantly, a feeling that time goes by WAAAY faster. As much as last year my weeks seem to stretch out and last forever, now it seems like my bi-weekly paycheck comes in every day.
- Once again a step closer to adulthood, 2007 was marked with the obtention of my first ever job at McDonalds, in the month of March. Being the first one of my posse to get a real job (the kind you have to do declarations for), I had no friend to give me advice on the thing, so the concept of working was totally new for me. My job helped me on many aspects, notably social interaction, negociation and diplomacy, and it gave me my first real taste of what money was really worth. The only sad thing about it is that it got me used to a certain level of comfort that makes me feel poor whenever I fall under, but hey, something's gotta give.
- Also a big first in 2007, the construction of my first custom PC, and my introduction to the hardware side that came with it. In fact, if this year were to be named after a geeky sphere of activity, it would be without a doubt be called hardware. It's pretty regrettable, but in the end DIC has been slightly shunned in the favor of OCN, and the tendancy looks like it's going to continue. Unless I decide to finally get a grip on my code, which is going just as good as the American economy.
- '07 was also the year of my first parentless trip out of Quebec. With the help of my school, various fundraisers and the federal tax-funded SEVEC program, I went to Peace River, Alberta, with a short stop to Edmonton. Although on the spot I didn't really care of what was happening to me, if it wasn't for the immersion in a totally different culture, I later realized that this trip was a very important part of my year, if not my life, for lots of reasons.
- It may sound weird, but this past year feels like the first one where I really have explored my limits with alcohol, and that it is openly discussed with members of my family. I've been drinking for quite a time (I know, teen drinking is bad, bla bla bla), but until Q3 2007, I just drunk whatever I had brought to the social event currently ongoing, or whatever was given to me or "found" in the basement fridge, but now I think I know my limits and feel like I can drink to the brink, while having drunk and still not being sick. Examples? Party of 30 at one of my rich friend's house, probably the biggest all summer, I was one of the only 3 that weren't sick. It's not something big, but it's an accomplishment that I am proud of, a skill that I think is going to be very useful in the college years up ahead :) .
- 2007 also marks my transfer to Chavigny High School from Three River's Academy. I've been at TRA (formerly St. Patrick's) ever since pre-kindergarten, so over time I've been used to my little 200 student high school, so the switch to this full fledged 2000 student institution was quite a shock. Despite my integration was quick and painless, and to this day I have no regrets about my switch.
- Also on the academic plan, 07' is the first year where I get courses relative to the job that I want to practice later on. One of the main reasons I was switching ot Chavigny this year was the Cisco CCNA course given there, in which I was accepted. At the date of writing of this article, the CCNA 1 module is one chapter short of being finished, and so far I'm doing good.
- I've gotten way better at biking in summer 07, and I've ridden over 2000 k for sure. Great use of all that McDonalds I was eating back this summer.
- I've been introduced, thanks to Mark, to Payperpost, and made a couple of bucks from it. Besides putting a little bit of money in my Paypal account, it also helped with my writing a lot. Plugging something while not sounding like a plug is kind of hard.
With this said, let 2008 kick off and be a good one! That’s what my yearly horoscope promised anyways :) .


Having Node.js (>= 6) installed, type the following command in the terminal:
npm install -g front-cli
After the installation the front command will be available. To confirm that, type the following command in the terminal to see a list with the available front tasks:
front
Let's create our first front application! Our application will be called awesomeApp. Type the following command in the terminal to create our application:
front init awesomeApp
Answer the questions that will be made and wait while front downloads the application dependencies. After that, the application is ready to start!
Specifies a different template instead of the availables in Front Templates repositories:
front init awesomeApp --template github_user/github_repo
Type the following command in the terminal to enter in the application folder:
cd awesomeApp
Type the following command in the terminal to start our application in development mode:
front start
Now open the address http://localhost:3000 in the browser and you'll see our application running! Change some code in the application and see the browser. The browser refresh automatically!
Changes the development server host:
front start --host <IP_ADDRESS>
Changes the development server port:
front start --port 8080
Disables Front CLI notifications:
front start --no-notify
Specifies which webpack config file Front CLI should use:
front start --config some/path/some.webpack.config.js
When you feel that the application is done, you can prepare it for production. This reduces drastically the application size and, believe me, the users will thank you for that. To prepare the application for production, type the following command in the terminal:
front build
Wait a few seconds. Now, all we have to do is to get the dist folder and deploy to a webserver.
Disables Front CLI notifications:
front build --no-notify
Specifies which webpack config file Front CLI should use:
front build --config some/path/some.webpack.config.js
In Front CLI you can run your custom scripts (deploy, test, etc):
front run some/path/some-script.js
The only rule to be observed is that your script must export a function:
// some/path/some-script.js
module.exports = (require, argv) => {
// script content
}
Some things are given to you as a gift when creating your scripts: `require` and `argv`:
The given `require` parameter is in Front CLI context, so you have access to all Front CLI dependencies without the need to download again, eg `chalk`, `inquirer` and `fs-extra`. With only these dependencies you can create powerful scripts! As expected, if you want to use dependencies outside Front CLI context, you can:
// some/path/some-script.js
// here, `require` is in NodeJS context. You need to download `fs-extra` (npm install fs-extra) to use.
let fs = require('fs-extra');
module.exports = (require, argv) => {
// here, `require` is in Front CLI context and you can use all of its dependencies.
let fs = require('fs-extra');
}
The given `argv` parameter could be useful in some situations when you need to pass parameter to your script:
front run some/path/some-script.js --server="production" --clean
The script could use these parameters:
// some/path/some-script.js
module.exports = (require, argv) => {
let server = argv.server
// do something
if (argv.clean) {
// do something
} else {
// do something else
}
}


Repo Links
Quiz App
This is a mobile application done in Java .The application allows for users to answer a quiz then submit their answers and receive their score. Scores are displayed after a user clicks the submit button. A toast appears to notify the user of what they scored in the app.
Lemonade Counter
Lemonade Counter is a desktop application done in C . The application collects the total costs and income gained after which the profit is calculated. A user is required to enter the amount of sugar,water cups and cups served for that sale .
Flask Login
This is a webpage done in HTML & CSS.THe unique feature about this particular page is that it allows for users to login and that activity handled by A web framework named FLsk which is in Python"


Browse Contracts
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Description
View Details:
Architect Registered Identity:


RANI KIRAN FATIMA
Personal Information
- Father Name:
Abdul Razzaq
- Date Of Birth:
10_march_1991
- Nationality:
Pakistani
- Domicile:
Abbottabad
- Religion:
Islam
- Gender:
Female
- CNIC#:
13101_1357947_6
- Contact#:
0311_8853652
- Address:
Abbottabd
Qualification
M.Sc.: Hazara University
B.Sc.: Hazara University
F.Sc.: BISE Abbottabad
S.S.C.: BISE Abbottabad
Experience
- 5 Year Teaching Experience in The Muslim Education System


Bus-mall project
hello every one ,here can you pick your favourite products . you have 25 tries available ,lets start


Just as instructors need to monitor a learner’s performance in pursuit of their learning goals, administrators need to be able to monitor their site’s performance in pursuit of their organization’s learning goals. Our reporting solutions offer easy access to site-level reporting on variables such as utilization, storage, settings, and more.
As online learning has grown in prominence and digital learning environments have grown in scope, organizations and schools can understandably struggle to manage their implementation. As your partner in digital learning we don’t just leave tools on the front step. We offer added human and technical capacity to your team, be it for user management, code development, or report generation.
The registration and enrollment of learners can be a time consuming and cumbersome task only complicated by the need to record financial transactions. Our eCommerce solutions simplify these challenges by seamlessly recording enrollments and financial transactions across any type of learning experience.
The integration of data and independent systems with an LMS is an important part of facilitating learning and tracking impact in a modern digital learning environment. Whether to automate data processing, or to analyze learning outcomes using data from separated systems, our integrations are robust and expertly implemented to drive immediate ROI.
Learners should be free to focus on learning; teachers on teaching. For that to happen, they need to be able to trust that their digital learning environment is stable, secure, and scalable. Our hosting solutions offer that assurance and provide the necessary storage capacity for content, site archives, and more. Additionally, our hosting solutions come with a number of exclusive administrator tools designed to simplify management and increase productivity.
High quality training is an essential for the successful adoption of a new digital learning environment. But good training isn’t limited to onboarding or a one-time event. As your learning solution evolves to reflect new versions, new tools, or new users, our ongoing training solutions are there to help manage the change through self-paced training, best practices, course templates, webinars and virtual office hours.
With any technology, questions and issues will arise. When they do, we can be counted on to help. Our technical support team not only addresses issues with functionality and tools but also help navigate new versions and other large-scale changes. And if you have a “How to” question, our training team can provide answers and point you in the right direction to support an optimized learning environment.
There are times when organizations and schools have a need for project-based work where there is a fixed deliverable and timeline. As your partner in digital learning we offer you the guided support and project management methodology your project needs to be delivered on time and as expected.
Everyone who wants to learn should be able to do so and every digital learning environment bears the responsibility of providing the access necessary to make this happen. Whether it’s through 508, 504, or ADA compliance, language supports, distance learning, or inclusion and diversity support, all learners have a home in our digital learning environments.
Technological advances continue to invite new ways of reimagining the traditional classroom. Our solutions solve for synchronous, asynchronous, blended, and virtual learning scenarios.
Learning is about more than content and instruction. A well-designed learning environment - one that is intuitive, inviting, and engaging - reduces barriers to learning and improves outcomes. With a focus on UX/UI, course design, and instructional design, our extensive research and development of Persuasive Design Strategies for use in digital learning environments sets our solutions apart and helps our clients achieve better results.
Different learning scenarios call for different approaches to instruction. From competency based learning and micro-learning to gamification and social learning, the number of approaches has grown significantly in the digital learning world. Our learning solutions can be adapted to suit all of these methods, models, and strategies.
A solid content strategy requires a mix of tools and resources. Our digital learning environments support the right combination for any content strategy, whether it’s off-the-shelf, built in-house with authoring tools, or video. They also accommodate standards-compliant content in SCORM, xAPI, or LTI formats.
The modern learner expects to be able to access their learning where and when they want to. A robust mobile solution is essential to delivering on that expectation. Our mobile solutions are responsive for ease of use and are available as an app with offline functionality to meet learners wherever they are.
Capturing quality data is one thing, turning it into actionable information is another thing altogether. Whether analyzing historical data or exploring predictive data, our analytics solutions provide meaning to the metrics that matter most to any organization or school school.
Clear, timely notifications help administrators and instructors alike to stay on top of the many actions they are likely to take in their role. No one, regardless of role, should have to seek out these notifications, which might inform enrollments, learner performance, forum activity, and more. In our digital learning environments, the notifications come to them.
Learning professionals need to monitor the progress of their learners and report on that progress to key stakeholders. Our dashboards and reporting solutions facilitate that work with data that’s presented in an intuitive, actionable way so that efficient and effective decision-making can take place.
When conducted with fidelity and integrity, assessment is integral instructional tool. It helps instructors and students alike to measure progress and rechart their course towards a learning goal. Our assessment solutions make it easy to conduct assessments of any number of methodologies and do so in a secure manner.
Retaining learners is an important goal and a challenging one, as there are many variables involved that aren’t necessarily within the control of the organization or school. Our retention solutions allow you to track and monitor many variables tied to retention - both in and out of the classroom - so that interventions can take place before it’s too late.
No one can predict the future. As much as we try, it pains us to admit that includes us. That’s why our digital learning environments are built with the flexibility to evolve right alongside the rapidly evolving learning landscape. So when administrators or instructors step into that hole that wasn't there before, we'll be here to help fill it.
"But what about (fill in the blank)? That’s important to our digital learning environment." You’re absolutely right. Our digital learning environments are not a one-size-fits-all proposition. We put in the time to understand what’s important to each organization and create a plan for meeting those needs, be it through settings, tools, training, or services.
There is a difference between needs that grow and needs that change. Sometimes the answer is not more…. Just different. Our Account Managers schedule regular meetings to identify the tweaks needed to make sure any digital learning environment stays in step with organization's goals.
Sometimes a situation requires a highly customized solution if it is to achieve an organization’s learning goals. To that, we say bring it on. Our custom solutions team is ready to turn your requirements into a fully-realized implementation. We love the challenge of creating something truly unique and special for our clients.
A digital learning environment is an important investment. It’s a sophisticated ecosystem that must be assembled and deployed consistent with well-defined goals and parameters. To do that, you need more than tools. You need a strategic partner with expertise, experience, and a commitment to your unique vision.
Our team of experts is here to ensure your problems are solved and learning goals are met.


|
SideCar
|
View a submatrix within a Buffer. More...
#include </Users/howes/src/sidecar/Utils/Buffer/BufferMat.h>
Public Types | |
| using | SubMat = vsip::Matrix< T, vsip::impl::Subset_block< vsip::Dense< 2, T > > > |
Public Member Functions | |
| BufferMat (Buffer< T > &b, size_t rows=0, size_t cols=0, size_t row=0, int col=0, bool flush=true) | |
| View a subset of the Buffer as a vsip::Matrix. More... | |
| void | setStart (size_t row=0, int col=0) |
| Sets the location of the first row and column in the parent Buffer. More... | |
| void | setRow (size_t row=0) |
| Sets the location of the first row in the parent Buffer. More... | |
| void | setCol (int col=0) |
| Sets the location of the first column in the parent Buffer. More... | |
| size_t | getRow () const |
| int | getCol () const |
| void | flush () |
| Force the view to be flushed (written to the buffer) More... | |
Data Fields | |
| SubMat | m |
| The vsip::Matrix which is mapped to this subview. More... | |
View a submatrix within a Buffer.
Bind a vsip::Matrix to a (sub)set of the buffer Copies changes to the wrapped area if the location changes or BufferMat is destroyed. Cannot simply subclass vsip::Matrix since
As illustrated in Figure 1, the BufferMat provides a subview of a parent Buffer object. Unlike the strict alignment of BufferRow and BufferCol within the parent Buffer, BufferMat is somewhat free to move around. The only requirements are:
Acceptable locations for the BufferMat are indicated by shading in Figure 1.
As with the BufferRow, the row indices of BufferMat are taken modulo b.dr to allow for a rolling window into the data.
Only matrices up to size (Buffer::getWindowRows(), Buffer::getWindowRows()) are guaranteed to be within the Buffer; lager matrices may fall outside the allocated space depending on their initial row and column within the parent Buffer.
| BufferMat< T >::BufferMat | ( | Buffer< T > & | b, |
| size_t | rows = 0 , |
||
| size_t | cols = 0 , |
||
| size_t | row = 0 , |
||
| int | col = 0 , |
||
| bool | flush = true |
||
| ) |
View a subset of the Buffer as a vsip::Matrix.
Creates a Matrix of size (rows, cols) with the top-left corner located at (row, col) in the parent Buffer.
If rows=0, then use all b.dr rows. Similarly, cols=0 selects all b.dc columns.
| b | Buffer to view |
| rows | Number of rows to view. Limited to rows <= Buffer::getDataRows() |
| cols | Number of columns to view. Limited to cols <= Buffer::getDataCols() |
| row | Index of the first row in the parent Buffer |
| col | Index of the first column in the parent Buffer. Limited to the range - Buffer::getWindowCols() < col < Buffer::getDataCols() |
| flush | Whether this view should change the underlying buffer |
Definition at line 141 of file BufferMat.h.
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Force the view to be flushed (written to the buffer)
This function ignores the flush flag set at object creation. It is useful if you need to ensure consistency of the underlying Buffer without changing the row or column.
Definition at line 94 of file BufferMat.h.
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inline |
Definition at line 87 of file BufferMat.h.
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inline |
Definition at line 82 of file BufferMat.h.
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Sets the location of the first column in the parent Buffer.
| col | Index of the first column in the parent Buffer. Limited to the range - Buffer::getWindowCols() < col < Buffer::getDataCols() |
Definition at line 77 of file BufferMat.h.
References BufferMat< T >::setStart().
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Sets the location of the first row in the parent Buffer.
| row | Index of the first row in the parent Buffer |
Definition at line 71 of file BufferMat.h.
References BufferMat< T >::setStart().
| void BufferMat< T >::setStart | ( | size_t | row = 0 , |
| int | col = 0 |
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| ) |
Sets the location of the first row and column in the parent Buffer.
| row | Index of the first row in the parent Buffer |
| col | Index of the first column in the parent Buffer. Limited to the range - Buffer::getWindowCols() < col < Buffer::getDataCols() |
Definition at line 162 of file BufferMat.h.
References BufferMat< T >::m.
Referenced by BufferMat< T >::setCol(), and BufferMat< T >::setRow().
| SubMat BufferMat< T >::m |
The vsip::Matrix which is mapped to this subview.
This member is made public for ease of use; any operations on it will use the vsip::Matrix operator overloads.
Definition at line 109 of file BufferMat.h.
Referenced by BufferMat< T >::setStart().